4 o » <- ."^ V-^'*.^^'' "o,/^'^'\o'> Vc^'*' '^fe-. •^.^ .*« •;aVa\ •^'?. .<.** -'fifes'- ** ** .-aVa' *^ 'o^ *'7Vr' .'N ; ^^Ho, ^^-n. .-^9. I COLORS OF THE FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY The Silver Eog'le ivas ffiren hy his associate Aides o7i Gov. Andrevi's staff as a compliinent to Lt. Col. H. B. Sargent. A HISTORY OF THE FIRST REGIMENT OF MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY VOLUNTEERS BY BENJAMIN W. CROWNINSHIELD MAJOR FIRST MASSACHUSICTTS CAVALRY AND BREVET COLONEL U. S. V. Wiit}) Hoster anu ^mistka By D. H. L. GLEASON BREVET MAJOR FOR THE FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY ASSOCIATION . ,i,, or coA/^- AIM 2 ]m BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY 1891 A HISTORY OF THE FIRST REGIMENT OF MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY VOLUNTEERS BY BENJAMIN W. CROWNINSHIELD MAJOR FIRST MASSACHUSICTTS CAvibRY AND BREVET COLONEL U. S. V. Mitt) Ho6ter anu ^mi&tit& By D. H. L. GLEASON BREVET MAJOR FOR THE FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY ASSOCIATION ^f^fnt^kr IAN 2 ^^.N^^K^'f^ BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY 1891 ■ G O ^ M Copyright, 1891, Bt b. w. crowninshield. All rights reserved. The Riverside Press, Cambridge, ^fass., U. S. A. Electrotyped and Printed by H. O. Houghton & Co. PREFACE. This history, written after so many years have gone by, is necessarily imperfect. It is mainly the recollections of an offi- cer of the regiment who was present with the colors continu- ously longer than any other. He has relied largely upon a good memory, fortified by a daily journal and his letters sent home ; but has also consulted the journals and letters of many other officers of the regiment, and, in considering many events, has had discussion of such with all available authorities. Opinions as to some events have differed considerably ; but the following pages are very nearly accurate. Individuals nat- urally see the same thing with different eyes, and in the con- fusion of a battle two men seldom see precisely the same thing when together. How, then, shall two at different parts of the field agree as to what took place ? Since much of the work was completed, late volumes of the " Rebellion Records," published by the United States Govern- ment, have given information and dispatches which were at the time of writing unobtainable. It is probable, also, that new light will for some time be given, as more is written about the war. The author wishes to acknowledge valuable assistance given by Colonel Greely S. Curtis, Majors D. H. L. Gleason, Charles G. Davis, George H. Teague, Captain J. J. Higginson, Lieu- IV PREFACE. tenants C. A. Longfellow and Parsons, Sergeant A. A. Sher- man, Co. C, S. N. Davenport, Co. A., and many others. On July 27, 1864, the writer was detached from tlie regi- ment, and the history from that date has been written from diaries and letters sent him, — principally by H. T. Bartlett, Co. H, who at the time Avas detailed as orderly at division head- quarters. The history of the old companies I, K, L, and M, later the Independent Battalion, has been comj)iled from various sources, largely from the notes and letters of Sergeant Andrew J. Clem- ent, of Company M (old). The statistical part of the history, involving great labor and time, has been written by Major D. H. L. Gleason. It has saved the record of no' less than one hundred private soldiers, improperly reported on the rolls as deserters, principally be- cause correct information at the time could not be acquired. No doubt many soldiers of the regiment will look in vain to find an account of something in which they were particularly engaged. It aims to be rather the history of the regiment than of individuals. As already said, it is mainly the recollection of one officer. This will explain Avhy some events seem to be given undue prominence over others which, perhaps, deserved more notice. Such as it is, it has taken no small amount of the writer's time. He has aimed at truth and justice. If it shall assist in recalling the stirring days from September, 1861, to July, 1865, in many fields of strife where the men of the First Massa- chusetts Cavalry followed the flag, the writer will be content. In its preparation he has been actuated by no other feeling than the most cordial affection for aU his brother soldiers of the regiment. B. W. C. CONTENTS. HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT 1 CHAPTER I. Cavalry in Virginia during the War of the Rebellion .... 3 CHAPTER II. In Massachusetts, September 11 to December 30, 1861 40 CHAPTER III. In South Carolina, January 1 to August 19, 1862 51 CHAPTER IV. Antietam Campaign, September 1 to November 28, 1862 68 CHAPTER V. Winter before Fredericksburg, November 28, 1862, to April 12, 1863 93 CHAPTER VI. Spring Campaign, April 12 to June 17, 1863 118 CHAPTER VII. Battle of Aldie, June 17, and Gettysburg Campaign, to August 1, 1863 143 CHAPTER VIII. Summer along the Rappahannock. To Centreville and back in quick time. Mine Run and to Winter Quarters at Warrenton, August, 1863, to January, 1864 167 VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER IX. Winter Quarters at Warrenton. Reenlistment. New Battalion, January to May, 18G4 193 CHAPTER X. Spring and Summer Campaign. Rapidan to Petersburg, Mat to Sep- tember, 1864 203 CHAPTER XI. Muster out of Old Men. Reorganization of Regiment. Winter BEFORE Petersburg, August 1, 1864, to July 18, 1865 237 CHAPTER XII. The Third Battalion, from August 19, 1862 255 CHAPTER XIII. Miscellaneous Recollections. Horses, Arms, Equipments. Names of Battles on the Flag, etc 283 ROSTER OF FIELD, LINE, AND STAFF OFFICERS, ETC 311 Statistics of Companies 339 APPENDIX 459 The Regimental Band 461 Engagements of the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry 466 Engagements of Cos. I, K, L, and M, old 3d Battalion 468 Losses of 1st Massachusetts Cavalry 469 Casualties of 1st Massachusetts Cavalry 469 Summary of Losses in the Union Armies 471 Who raised the First National Flag at Richmond ? 474 Commemorative Monuments 475 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. For alphabetical arrangement, see Index, under " Illustrations." Colors of the First Massachusetts Cavalry Frontispiece Map to illustrate the Campaigns of the First Massachusetts Cavalry in Vir- ginia and Maryland, 1862-1865 in pocket Abraham Lincoln ^ Gov. John A. Andrew ° Generals U. S. Grant, George B. McClellan, George G. Meade, P. H. Sheri- dan 12 Generals W. W. Averell, A. N. Duffi^, Judson Kilpatrick, J. Irvin Gregg, J. B. Mcintosh, H. E. Davies 18 Generals Alfred Pleasonton, David McM. Gregg, John Buford, George Stone- man, George A. Custer, A. T. Torbert 22 Capt. Robert Williams, 1861 28 The Ideal Cavalryman ; the Real Cavalryman 32 Col. Robert Williams 38 Col. Horace Binney Sargent 42 Camp Brigham, Readville, Mass., Sept. 6 to Dec. 29, 1861 46 Col. Samuel E. Chamberlain 52 Beaufort Island 56 G Company, Drayton Plantation, S. C '^° Hilton Head, Jan., 1862, to Aug. 19, 1862 62 Camp Williams, Beaufort, S. C, Jan. 21 to Aug. 19, 1862 64 Lieut.-Col. Greely S. Curtis 72 Antietam Bridge, Md. ; Potomac Creek Bridge, Va 78 Lieut.-Col. Lucius M. Sargent "-' Lieut.-Col. John L. Tewksbury 88 Plan of Camp at Potomac Run, Winter of '62-'63 94 The Soldier's Dream ; Hut at Potomac Creek, Va 96 Hartwood Church and Vicinity 1""' ' Mai. Wm. F. White 1^^ Maj. Henry Lee Higginson ^^" Maj. Atherton H. Stevens, Jr H" Mai. T. Lawrence Motley 12^ Maj. Benjamin W. Crowninshield Maj. Charles G. Davis 1^^ Maj. Edward A. Flint 1^^ Maj. Amos L. Hopkins Maj. Geo. H. Teague 1'*^ Surg.-Maj. James Holland J^^ Surg.-Maj. Albert Wood 1^^ vm LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Surg.-Maj. Samuel W. Abbott 160 Asst.-Surg. Albert R. Rice 164 Asst.-Surg. Homer H. Warner 170 Group of Officers, Horse Artillery 174 Asst.-Surg. George S. Osborne 180 Asst.-Surg. Samuel H. Durgin 184 Lieut. Lucius W. Knigbt 190 Camp at Warrentou, Va 194 Lieut. Jolin L. Brigbara 200 Lieut. Benjamin G. Mann 204 Captains Lucius Ricbmond, D. B. Keith, Caspar Crowninsbield 210 Captains Jas. H. Case, Horace N. Weld, Arnold A. Rand 214 Captains Henry P. Bowditch, Randolph M. Clark, Myron C. Pratt .... 220 Captains Moses F. Webster, Joseph C. Murphy, Herbert P. Curtis .... 224 Captains D, H. L. Gleason, James J. Higginson, John Drew 230 Captains James A. Baldwin, David W. Herrick, George L. Bradbury . . . 234 Lieutenants Walter Miles, Edw. R. Merrill, Francis Washburn 240 Lieutenants Lucius H. Morrill, George Blagden, Alton E. Phillips 246 Adjutants Nathaniel Bowditch, Greenleaf W. Batchelder, William W. War- dell 250 Lieutenants Albert F. Ray, C. Chauncey Parsons, George M. Fille brown . . 256 Lieutenants Charles A. Longfellow, P. T. Jackson 260 Lieutenants Edward J. Russell, L. N. Duchesney, John W. Martin, Timothy P. Lyman 266 Lieutenants Harry D. Littlefield, George W. Flagg 272 Lieutenants C. W. Dyer, Duett C. Clark, J. O. Josselyu 276 Q. M. Sergeants Edw. H. Adams, Horatio Wood, Josiah N. Brackett . . . 280 Capt. B. W. Crowninsbield 288 Regimental Band. William Finney, W. J. Caswell, A. R. Bryant, E. H. Gooding, Frank M. Lund 292 Dugald Mclnnis, Henry F. Wood, S. N. Davenport, A. W. Tyler, Henry C. W^eston 296 Tyler Harding, Geo. A. Abel, George W. Filley, William H. Rice, Gerry R. Walker " . . 302 A Company. J. Heinrich Hess, Lorenzo L. Howes, Thos. F. B. McDevitt, Corp. Gustave Evers, Edw. W. F. Macinaw, Chauncey Pettibone, Herbert Maycock . . . 308 Sergt. Richard Walsh, Sergt. George H. Cavanaugh, Josiah D. Patterson, J. W. Richardson, Sebastian Zimmerman, Elijah Willard 314 B Company. Lemuel Wood 318 Corp. Joseph Gay, Peter S. King, Alexander McDonald, Isaac H. Preseott, Albert S. Shepard, Herbert L. Sliepard, Corp. George M. Washburne . . 322 Alvan Barrus, Corp. William B. Buchanan, Sergt. William Tobey, Sergt. Thomas Preston, Jeremiah T. Daly, Andrew J. Dunham, Edward Fahey . . 328 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. ix C Company. Lucius B. Angier, William Boyd, Henry C. Davis, Alfred H. Keay, Williaua H. Legg, William H. Overton, George H. Whitney 332 Com. Sergt. Ethan E. Cobb, Sergt. William N. Davis, Sergt. John A. Glines, Q. M. Sergt. Samuel D. Gale, Sergt. A. H. D. Hobbs 336 Corp. George Kendall, Corp. Oren H. Webber, Sergt. Charles A. Legg, Corp. Augustus Severance, Bugler Joseph F. Ennis 344 D Company. Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers D Company, Gen. Meade's Escort . 348 Bugler Murray V. Livingston, Daniel Shannon, S. D. Rogers, Q. M. Sergi. Eli A. Smith, Almon L. Switzer, Chas. H. Whiting 354 D Company, Gen. Meade's Escort 358 William Blasland, George Hobson, Sergt. John H. George, Wagoner Nathan C. Hooper, Richard W. Lakeman 364 E Company. Robert J. Cochran, Henry H. Galloway, Sherman W. Hubbard, Sergt. Horace A. Sunbury, John D. Littlehale, John Melenfy^ Andrew A. Mason .... 370 Amasa C. Morse, Jarius H. Shaw, Farnum Southwick, Hosea L. Thayer, Ed- ward W. Vial, Sergt. William O. White 374 Caleb F. Abbott, Robert Bellew, Marcus Butler, Corp. Charles M. Smith, James W. Carpenter, Franklin Chase, Alphonzo F. Childs 380 F Company. Sanford W. Lasor, Bugler William H. Sisson, Ciarles Lynde, Joseph E. Stack- pole, William E. Stewart 384 Joseph Beals, Franklin L. Cannon, Com. Sergt. Edwin O. Hyde, Chauncey E. Peck, Sad. Daniel B. Couch, Benjamin F. Davenport 390 Joseph E. Felch, John M. Fiske, Corp. Ichabod Sampson, Corp. George E. Woodbury, Seymour Gardiner, Andrew J. Hunt 396 G Company. George H. Lombard, Bugler James T. Walsh, Sergt. J. Warren Ball, Sergt. Albert A. Sherman ^qq Irving R. Cheney, Nathaniel H. Fish, Sergt. Frederick O. Crocker, Sergt. Or- rin W. Harris, Robert P. Skelton 406 H Company. Michael Nennery, Daniel M. Ross, Bugler Henry T. Bartlett, Bugler William S. Sampson, Bartlett Shaw 410 Bugler William Barker, E. A. Burnham, Sergt. Samuel W. Bartlett, Lewis Jones, Charles A. Kihlgreen 416 I Company (Old). VirgU Marcellus Blaisdell, Com. Sergt. Edw. T. George, Samuel M. Patterson, Q. M. Sergt. J. H. Walker, Moody K. Stacy, William A. Vining, Charles E. Groton ^ 422 X LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS I Company (New). Irving Waterman, Stanton P. Allen, Corp. Charles B. Belcher, Nelson O. Bowen 426 K Company (Old). Corp. L. Bartel, Alfred C. Belcher, Com. Sergt. Charles D. Bacon, Sergt. Frank A. Blaisdell, Bradford Hawes, William Welch 432 K Company (New). Com. Sergt. Thomas H. Coville, Jacob Jackley 436 L Company (Old). Corp. Amos Pierce, Corp. Gabriel Strang, Sergt. Edwin Chapman, Corp. James A. Willard, Lorenzo Bruce 442 Sewall P. Ridley, Corp. A. R. Storer, Sergt. Lindley H. Stockbridge, Sad. William H. H. Wall, Preston Wood 448 Merrick Cowles, Henry J. Hanks, Q. M. Sergt. William H. Fessendon, George H. Hill, Oliver D. Pratt 452 L Company (New). Q. M. Sergt. H. W. Otis, Augustus M. Davis 456 M Company (Old). Sergt. Robert Glenn, Sergt. Thomas Hickey, Orlando S. Kiff, Farrier Herman Mills 462 M Company (New). 1st Sergt. John Fisher, Edward Crabtree, George Crabtree, Farrier Charles W. White 468 Monument First Massachusetts Cavalry, Gettysburg, Pa 474 Monument First Massachusetts Cavalry, Aldie, Va 476 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. ABRAHAM LINCOLN FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. CHAPTER I. CAVALRY IN VIRGINIA DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. Before entering upon the history itself of the regiment, a good pre- Prelimi- paration will be to consider the general story of the cavalry of the two ^i^^- opposing armies in Virginia during the war of the Rebellion. The following account, in which the cavalry of the Army of the Poto- mac is described, with its difficulty of organization, its painful and slow steps towards excellence, then its sudden burst into power, and finally its triumph, contrasts the Union cavalry with the cavalry of Lee's armv, in which tlie march of events was just the contrary. There, almost in the beginning, was a combination which gave it the supremacy. Gradually, as the Northern cavalry approached it in equality, the Southern cavalry began to decline. The two became equal in the spring of 18G3. In 18G4 the superiority of the Northern riders was very marked, and at the end, in 1865, Lee's cavalry was almost annihilated, while Grant's began at Five Forks the downfall of the Army of Northern Virginia, and pressed it to its end at Appomattox. This article was written for, and delivered before, the Massachusetts Military Historical Society by the writer of this history in 188G. Several of the statements contained in this account will appear later iu the regimental history, more elaborated. It has been thought better to brave the repetition this causes, rather than make either account barren by omission of anything that seems necessary to make it complete. When the war broke out, the North was by far less The North prepared for the struggle than the South. The two prepTrn sections afforded a very different material from which the South. to organize an army. 4 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. The North In the North, particularly in the East, the population unaccus- „„ ii-i i tomed to ot tarmers and mechanics, devoted to peaceful ])ursuits, amis. 1 11 was unaccustomed to all manner of arms, and as a rule strange to any horse but a work-horse ; and not one in a hundred a good rider, while a very large propor- tion had never fired a gun. Nearly all horses kept for pleasure were trotters used in harness and never £miifa°"*^ mounted. In the South, every man and boy was fami- withweap- liar with all kinds of weapons, and especially skilled in the use of firearms. The entire population was used to horses, and all were good riders. Regular The regular army remained with all its organization mained (cxccpt such officcrs as " wcut with their States " to the with the r^ c ^ n-iititi North. Contederate army) with the North, and furnished the model for all three branches of the service. This model developed a steady infantry, a superlatively good artil- lery, never equaled in the South, and a cavalry better adapted to fight in line than the Confederate, which ex- celled in individuality, and consequently for scouting and irregular work. The Confederate cavalry was largely composed of Virginia regiments, Avho fought on their own soil and were familiar with the remarka- ble system of by-roads, and who furnished scouts, spies, and raiders on our lines of communication, of singular ability. The regru- To tlic Federal army were left the five old regular larcavah"y. . , . . cavalry regiments, to which was added in April, 1861, a sixth. It was at first proposed to confine the cavalry of the Federal army to these six regular regiments ; and for good reasons, as things looked then. That was the time when many of those who ought to have known thought the war would be an affair of ninety days. CAVALRY IN VIE G INI A. O Accordino: to European ideas, a cavalry soldier is not The cav- o i ' ^ 1 t o airy soldier supposed to be of any use in the field before a very ^^i^J^^^'^^^^^ careful training at a cavalry depot, lasting from one to training. two years; and his horse requires the same time, or longer. In many armies the horses are specially reared for cavalry service in immense breeding establishments by government, and in time of peace the cavalry is mounted exclusively on such animals. Each regiment has a depot battalion, where the men are drilled and horses prepared for service in the field. Such an estab- lishment is thought indispensable. The regular cavalry of the United States has a cavalry depot at Jefferson United 1 , T , States cav- Barracks, Missouri ; but, owing to the great distance airy depot. from where the cavalry is stationed, few horses are trained there, and the men are " licked into shape " in much less time than is the custom in Europe. The term of enlistment — three years here and at least seven in Europe — largely determines this, and the recruit has to learn his duty with his regiment principally. Fortu- nately, a large proportion of the enlisted men are vet- erans of many terms of enlistment. At the beirinnino' of the war it was impossible to Training properly train cavalry before putting it into the field, possible. and consequently whole regiments of exquisite green- ness were thrust into the Virginia mud in winter, there to try to learn, practically without a teacher, from books and hard knocks, in a few weeks or months at best, what in Europe in the best schools, under chosen instructors and on trained horses, years only can accom- plish. It cannot, then, be wondered at that the government hesitated to enhst volunteer cavalry, and only yielded when the battle of Bull Run had shown the hoUowness 6 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Expense of equipping mounted troops. Early cav- alry com- panies. of the ninety-day idea. Another obstacle was the enor- mous expense o£ equipping and maintaining cavah*y. The equipments for a regiment of twelve hundred men alone cost nearly $300,000, the officers' pay was greater than that of the infantry, and a larger number of artificers was necessary. It cost, in favorable times, probably fifty cents a day for each horse, and in inac- cessible places three or four times that, for forage alone. It was obviously questionable whether at any expense an effective cavalry force could be evolved out of the peaceful Yankee citizen, unused to horses and arms, in any reasonable time. But mounted troops were a ne- cessity, and with its lavish bounty the government did not shrink at the expense, nor hesitate at the difficulty of the task. At first, the volunteer regiments were made up of the militia cavah-y companies, both North and South ; and all the companies in the first organized regiments bore high-sounding names, which, in the Federal service at least, were soon forgotten. In the Confederate cav- alry the troopers generally owned their horses, and con- tracted for a certain pay (forty cents a day) to keep mounted. I can recall only one regiment in the Army of the Potomac where the soldiers owned their horses, the 3d Indiana cavalry. We find in a Southern book, McClellan's" Campaigns of Stuart's Cavalry," the following apropos of horses and equipments : — Cavalry of A consideration of the difficulties under which the cavahy of the of NortTJ Army of Northern Virginia labored will not be uninteresting to one who would form a true estimate of the services rendered by it. At the beginning of the war, the Confederate government, charged as it was with the creation of an army and of war material of all ern Vir- ginia. CAVALEY IN VIRGINIA. 7 kinds, felt itself unable to provide horses for the numerous cavalry companies which offered their services, especially from the State of Virginia. Many companies, organized as cavalry, were rejected. With those that were enrolled the government entered into a con- Contract 111 1 with the tract, the substance of which was that the cavah-ymen sliould supply goveru- and own their horses, which would be mustered into service at a fair ™^° " valuation ; that the government should provide feed, shoes, and a smith to do the shoeing, and should pay the men a per diem of forty cents for the use of their horses. Should a horse be killed in action, the government agreed to pay to the owner the muster valuation. Should the horse be captured in battle, worn out, or disabled by any of the many other causes which were incident to the service, the loss fell upon the owner, who was compelled to furnish another horse, under the same conditions, or be transferred to some other arm of the service. That the government should have adopted such a policy at the beoinning of the war was a misfortune ; that it should have adhered to it to the very end was a calamity against which no amount of zeal or patriotism could successfully contend. It is not in the spirit of unfriendly criticism that we to-day pro- Unwisdom claim the unwisdom of such a policy. At the time, all acquiesced poUey. in it ; the cavalryman most cheerfully of all. Virginia was full of horses of noble blood. The descendants of such racers as Sir Ar- Blooded horsGs chy, Boston, Eclipse, Timoleon, Diomede, Exchequer, Red-Eye, and many others more or less famous on the turf, were scattered over the State. Gentlemen fond of following the hounds had raised these horses for their own use. They knew their fine qualities, their speed, endurance, and sure-footedness, and they greatly preferred to intrust their safety in battle to their favorite steeds rather than to any that the government could furnish. But the government might have fur- nished these horses at the outset, and by suitable activity it might have provided for replenishing the losses incurred in the service. The cavalrymen were kept mounted, but at an enormous loss of effi- ciency in the army, and by a system of absenteeism which sometimes Absentee- deprived the cavalry of more than half its numbers. Why should it have been thought that the people of Virginia would hold back their horses, when they refused nothing else to the government? The evil results of this system were soon apparent, and rapidly increased as the war progressed. Perhaps the least of these was the personal loss it entailed upon the men. Many a gallant fellow whose ism. 8 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Loss sus- liorse had been irrecoverably lamed for the want of a shoe, or rld- the^menf ^^" ^^ death at the command of his officer, or abandoned in the en- emy's country, that his owner might escajje capture, impoverished himself and his family in order that he might keep his place in the ranks of his comrades and neighbors. Nor should it be a cause for wonder if this property question affected the courage of many a rider ; for experience soon proved that the horse as well as the man was in danger during the rough cavalry melee. If the horse were killed the owner was compensated ; but a wounded horse was a bad investment. Loss to the By far the greatest evil of the system was the fact that whenever from'^dis- ^ cavalryman was dismounted, it was necessary to send him to his mounted liome to procure a remount. To accomplish this required from men. _ _ ' ^ thirty to sixty days. The inevitable result was that an enormous proportion of the command was continuously absent. Many of the men were unable to procure fresh horses within the time specified in their " details," and the column of "Absent without leave " always presented an unsightly appearance. To punish such men seemed an injustice, and the relaxation of discipline on this point was abused by some with impunity. We have already seen that Fitz Lee's bri- gade, which should never have presented less than twenty-five hun- dred sabres in the field, was reduced to less than eight hundred at Kelly's Ford, on the 17th of March, and numbered less than fifteen hundred men at the time of the battle of Chancellorsville, when many of the absentees had returned. Detriment Great as was this evil among the Virginia regiments, it operated ton'sTrl- with tenfold force upon the cavalry of Hampton's brigade. Think gade. ^£ ggj,(j}ng a man from Virginia to South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, or Mississippi, to procure a horse! Recruiting camps were established in Virginia and in North and South Carolina, and every means which the cavalry commanders could devise were used to ameliorate this state of affairs. But the inevitable tendency was downwards ; and in the last year of the war hundreds of men were gathered together in the " Dismounted Camp," or, as the men called it, " Company Q," in the vain attempt to utilize good, but misi)laced material. Special officers were appointed for these men, and the attempt was made to use them, dismounted, in various ways ; but Disheart- with no success. The men were disheartened. Esjyrlt du corps could by no possibility be infused into such an assemblage. Every man looked and longed for the time when his horse might be re- ened men. :#^ GOV, JOHN A. ANDREW CAVALEY IN VIRGINIA. 9 turned from the recruiting camp, or when some other kind provi- dence might remount him, and return him to his comrades. The penitentiary could not be more loathsome to him than his present condition, and yet even this was better than to give up all hope, and consent to a transfer to the infantry or artillery. The want of proper arms and equipments placed the Southern Deficien- cavalry at a disadvantage which can hardly be overestimated. At equipment, the beginning of the war the troopers furnished their own saddles and bridles. The English round-tree saddle was in common use, and sore-backed horses multiplied with great rapidity. After a time the government furnished an unsightly saddle which answered a very good purpose ; for although the comfort of the rider was disre- garded, the back of the horse was protected. Our best equipments were borrowed from our cousins of the North. The question of arming the cavalry was far more serious. Some of the more wealthy Arming of the Virginia counties armed their cavalry companies with pistols ^^''^^' when they were mustered into service, but whole regiments were destitute of them. Breech-loading carbines were procured only in limited quantities, never more than enough to arm one, or at most two squadrons in a regiment. The deficiency was made up, gener- ally, by Enfield rifles. Robertson's two North Carolina regiments, which joined Stuart in May, 1863, were armed with sabres and Enfield rifles. The difPerence between a Spencer carbine and an Enfield rifle is by no means a mere matter of sentiment. Horseshoes, nails, and forges were procured with difiiculty ; and it was not an uncommon occurrence to see a cavalryman leading his limping horse along the road, while from his saddle dangled the hoofs of a dead horse, which he had cut off for the sake of the sound shoes nailed to them. But in both armies the cavalry was a sort o£ elite Thecav- corps, and men preferred to enhst in that branch, prob- l/S corps, ably at the North because the would-be trooper pre- ferred riding to walking, with perhaps an idea that at the end of a march his horse would be put up at some peripatetic livery stable. Certainly none had any defi- nite idea of the duties. The men were enlisted from all ranks of life with no 10 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Enlist- reference to previous occupation and capability. No from all selcction was even made according to size and weight, life. In Europe, except for the showy, expensive, and almost useless heavy cavalry which graces processions, opera- house entrances, imperial or royal drawing-rooms and staircases, and such pomps and vanities, a cavalry sol- dier must be light and active, and is especially selected for that branch of the service. An EngHsh authority. Beamish, says : — European The men, therefore, intended for cavalry service should be se- "^"**u'alil- Ifi^^ted with the utmost care respecting their disposition, size, and cations for vigor of constitution, and should, above all, be chosen from those tliis sGr~ vice. who have been accustomed to horses from their youth, such as the sons of farmers, hostlers, and others who love horses, and are capable of taking care of them and likewise of the harness and equipments with which they are intrusted. From other men than these it is difficult, almost impossible, to form a good cavalry. "What, for in- stance, can be expected from a stocking manufacturer, or a linen weaver, who considers the horse a wild beast ? We all know that sucli men rarely have confidence in their horses, but look upon them as their greatest enemies, against whom, for the future, they must struggle for their lives. They never learn to ride, never can pre- serve their balance, but hang on the horse like a senseless lump, which, in order to preserve its equilibrium, unnecessarily wastes a large portion of its strength, and on this account is soon wasted. The injudicious selection of men for cavalry may be productive of infinite mischief. Fitness But such principles were ignored in the great United Federfi'" States voluutccr army, and the men ranged from pigmy '"^* to giant, and there was never any authority for chang- intr them, after enlistment, into other branches of the service, according to fitness. Even later in the war, when experience should have taught better, whole regi- ments were recruited after the same ideas ; and as late as 1864 perfectly inexperienced company officers were CAVALEY IN VIRGINIA. 11 put over them, and in some cases even the field of&cers were quite as ignorant as the men. In the South things were better managed. The cav- Southern alrv service was especially well ora^anized. All South- better or- '111 i? 1 1 gamzed. erners were good riders, particularly those or the better class. A good horse was a gentleman's pride, and the more important the gentleman, the better his horse. Consequently, their cavalry combined the men of the best class, mounted on the best horses — in the early days of the war largely thoroughbred or very well-bred animals. The officers were well-known men, of good social Well offi- „ cered. standing, and the field officers were many or them ot the old regular United States cavalry, I have under- stood that a considerable number of the old cavalry vet- erans of the regular army went South with their officers in 1861. Thus at the very beginning the Confederacy had a large force of capital cavalry ; every man a bold rider, well mounted, expert with revolver and rifle. In one respect alone was the Federal cavalry supe- Federal rior, namely, in arms and equii)ments, for these were oi better ' '' ' '- ^ \ ^ armed and the newest pattern. And yet even in this respect the equipped. advantage was questionable, for the government issued an overwhelming outfit. The poor soldier was oppressed with his trappino-s and arms, and mounted for a marcli An over- >~ >~ ^ ^ ^ whelming' with three days' rations for himself and his horse, with outfit. saddle and bridle, wateruig bridle, lariat rope and picket pin, nose-bag, carbine and its sling, revolver and its holster, ammunition for both in their receptacles, sabre and belt, he looked little like the trooper Detaille or De Neuville loved to paint. The most difficult thing a re- cruit had to do when ready for the march was to get in and out of the saddle, and a derrick, sometimes, would not have been a bad thing. 12 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Disposition The regulars, arriving from tlieir Western fields, were of the reg- ii* iniii • -r> uiars. at first pushed into the field by companies. Reorgan- ized later, they were so largely used as orderlies and headquarter guards as to seriously impair their effi- ciency. As regiments they were not brigaded until 1863, and were then small. Should It has always seemed to me that they should have formed a becii filled up to the maximum and formed as a divi- sion, of three brigades of two regiments each ; which should have held in check, if it did not destroy, the Confederate cavalry in those early days when volunteer regiments were no match for the rough riders of the South, who also possessed the immense advantage of " fighting upon their own dunghill." At first, The regulars, in larger or smaller detachments, dur- smaii \\\cr the fii'st part of the war did brave work ; but they bodies. o 1 _ ? J were almost always used in small bodies, were usually outnumbered by the Confederate cavalry, and their ef- forts were frequently unsuccessful. At Gaines's Mills a most gallant charge was made by a small body of the 5th cavalry, a desperate diversion to enable a new line to be formed, which succeeded in its object at the ex- pense of the cavalry, a gallant and heroic service. Nosepa- The volunteer cavalry, until 1863, took the field airy organ- usually as regimciits attached to separate commands; and also, occasionally, by brigades. Under good com- manders, notably under Buford, it did some handsome fighting. There was no cavalry bureau at Washington charged with its organization and equipment, and par- ticularly there was no general having command over the whole cavalry to direct its detail, and combine it for field work. Thus the regiments were not systematically recruited, or remounted as the horses became used up GEO. B. McCLE_LAN Major General U, S. GRANT General GEO. G. MEADE Mnjor General P. H. SHERIDAN General CAVALRY IN VIRGINIA. 13 or killed. There was no combined movement of cav- alry, and no separate cavalry organization. The officers commanding divisions and corps to which cavalry was attached seemed greedy for as large a force of cavalry as possible, and very commonly nsed it up with unnec- essary and thankless work. There were many defeats, great discouragement, and demoralization resulting from this abuse. As a rule, success attended the Confeder- ates, and it seemed doubtful if volunteer cavalry in the Federal army was to be of any good. Until the summer of 1862, in the Federal army, the stuart ori- cavalry was groping about for its place in the field, the raid. while learning the elements of its duty. During the Peninsular campaign, under change of commanders, it did nothing to gain a name, being hardly mentioned in dispatches ; while Stuart won a brilhant reputation by his march around McClellan's army, and originated the "raid" which afterwards became such a feature in every campaign. Pope, in his retreat, exhausted his Pope ex- mounted troops by hurrying them hither and thither in mounted wild-goose chases. If his cavalry had been kept, on his flanks and always close to his enemy, he would not have lost sight of him, and eventually found him in his rear. This short campaign illustrates most forcibly what I in- sist upon, — that the Federal cavalry at that time had no general who understood its proper use. On the con- Use of trary, it was wasted and ruined in a service which stu- troops not . -.- . understood pidly not only e^ave it no rest to prepare for an emer- by Federal ^ . . eommand- gency, but placed it where it could not even do good ers. service. Lee used his intelligently, and with half the work it did not only good service, but gained a brilliant renown. During the Antietam campaign the cavalry of Mc- 14 FIEST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Inaction of Clellaii's armv did nothing; worthy of it. It moved aim- lan's cav- lesslj about. At the battle itself, about 8 a. m., the Autietam. wliolc division ci'ossed the Antietam on the Sharpsburg pike, and took a position close to Lee's centre, where he had concentrated about thirty-five pieces of artillery, with which, at times, without infantry support, he held the town. Porter Portcr's entire corps, also, was within striking dis- strikeLee. tance, but lay all day just out of fire on this road, and among the lost opportunities of the whole war none was more conspicuous than this. General Lee spoke of the Federal cavalry, " with a bravery worthy of a better cause " taking up this menacing position. Several times during the day the men mounted, and sabres were drawn, as all supposed, to charge, but the men were dis- mounted again without attempting anything. The artillery fire of Lee's guns Avas fierce, and to- gether with the fire of our own, of probably double the same number, across the Antietam Creek, the noise was infernal. This fire lasted all day, and this division of cavalry lay here accomplishing nothing, losing a few men by artillery fire. McClellan, by his inaction, per- McCiei- mitted Lee to take troops from his right (while Bum- tionanad- sidc did Hot cross) to rchcvc his sorely pressed left. Lee. And then, after he had, with their help, stayed the ad- verse tide there, he took them and others back and fought Burnside's tardy troops when they did cross. On both right and left there were natural obstacles to McClellan's troops getting into position to attack, be- sides Lee's veterans. In the centre was no natural ob- stacle. The bridge was intact and securely held, the road excellent. It led straight to Lee's centre. More- over, it was already crossed by the cavalry, 4320 CAVALEY IN VIRGINIA. 15 strong, and this force was within five hundred yards The road of Lee's centre, well protected by the ground, and all centre. ready formed for battle. Antietam was my first large battle, and I vividly recall the crossing of the creek. We suddenly came into the artillery fire before reach- ing the bridge, and it seemed as if the whole ground was ploughed up by shells, and the air full of them. The bridge was particularly exposed. On it, as I crossed, lay the dead body of the colonel of the 4th Pennsylvania cavalry and his horse. He had just been killed by a shell. The casualties were here numerous. But very soon after crossing, cover was found for the cavalry division, and could have been found for Porter's corps had it crossed, and a better place to put in troops was impossible. Attention has lately been called to this by an officer of the regular United States infantry, Avhose command was ordered out in front of the massed cavalry as skirmishers. He noticed the weakness of Weakness . of Lee's Lee s centre, unsupported by mfantry, and the excellent centre. opportunity to pierce it. He returned to General Por- ter and reported the situation in McClellan's presence, and entreated him to make the attack. At the moment Porter did not answer, but said later to McClellan, " Recollect, my corps is your only reserve." ^ The morning after Lee had, with perfect success. The day crossed the Potomac, the cavalry rode down to the high retreat river banks, looked across, stood and received the fire Potomac. of twenty-seven guns in battery at Shepherdstown for a long time, and collected the very meagre leavings of Lee's army, a few abandoned wagons, a caisson or two, and other worthless trash. This was heralded in Mc- Clellan's dispatches as "the cavalry pursuing Lee's 1 This story has been denied by General Porter, although asserted by others. 16 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. routed columns across the Potomac, with captures of guns," etc. The (lay before (September 18), Lee's army was Magnifi- beaten, not routed, and a magnificent opportunity of- tunityiost. fered for a dashing commander to score a real victory, one that might have gone far to end the war. That day the whole army rested while Lee prepared to cross the river. How he must have rejoiced that the Federal commander was not an enterprising man ! During the rest of the autumn the cavalry of both armies was rendered almost useless by an epidemic, Stuart called " greased heel," among the horses. Yet Stuart, prestige, in wliosc commaud the same disease raged, managed to ride around McClellan's whole army, without any loss to his cavalry, capturing over a thousand horses and much other plunder, and causing our men no end of wild-goose chases ; but, better than all that, so adding to his already great prestige, that his cavalry was feared as masked batteries were at one time. Picketing The following winter, in front of Fredericksburg, S ^ Whi- the Federal cavalry did picketing and scouting, not iil!" " merely on the flanks of Burnside's and Hooker's army, but kept open and protected the rear and in fact all the country from Washington down to the Rappahannock, and all about Washington, a duty that required the ut- most exposure, wear, and tear ; and at the same time added nothing to the glory of that ill-used branch of the service. In the spring of 1863 came a great change, which, for the Federal cavalry, might be called an emancipa- Hooker tiou. In February Hooker reorganized the entire Army izeTfed- of the Potomac. The cavalry was newly divided into airy.''^''' brigades and divisions, better officered than before. CAVALEY IN VIRGINIA. 17 Probably at no time during the war was tlie army in so good condition as in May, 1863. The cavah-y had May, i863. been ill-used during the winter, and the horses were not in good condition, but the discipline was first-rate, the regiments well officered, and fairly well drilled. While not in comparatively such good condition as the in- fantry, the cavalry had greatly improved, and wanted but a dashing general to win laurels. General Stoneman was supposed to be such a man ; stone- but he made quite as marked a failure with the mounted ure. troops as Hooker did with the whole army in the wretched battles about Chancellorsville. His carefully prepared raid came to naught. For this the exceedingly bad weather was largely to blame. For nearly eighteen months the work had been scout- ing, picketing, and little encounters by companies or regiments, without any general leadership, without dash, enterprise, or success. How diiferent in the Confeder- ate cavalry ! TJiere, at the very outset, was an efficient force led to victory, and under such leaders as Ashby, Confeder- Stuart, and Fitzhugh Lee, made to feel they could do S^eadere. anything. They twice rode round the entire Federal army, in front of Richmond, and in Maryland, each time with perfect success, and almost with impunity, under J. E. B. Stuart, accomplishing excellent results in de- stroying and capturing, but particularly in learning that constant motion is the cavalry's forte, and boldness and audacity are its protection. But the younger officers were getting to know their duties, and the troopers were becoming educated to their work, and in the spring of 1863, under a new leader- ship, the Federal cavalry first asserted itself against the Confederate troopers at Kelly's Ford, and showed itself 18 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. At Kelly's at the battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863, fully a Ford and i p ri ? i i 'J Brandy match foi* Stuart s cavalry, and never afterwards proved otation. . '' ■•■ a contemptible foe. I do not intend to say there were not gallant fights made by some cavalry commands, but that on the whole Unsuccess- the rcsult was thus far unsuccessful and unsatisfactory. Stuart and Fitzhug-h Lee and Hampton were con- stantly making successful raids upon the cavalry lines of pickets, and capturing men, horses, and wagons. They had the prestige, or, as it came to be expressed, " the bulge " on us. The battle of Brandy Station was a severe fight, in which the Federal cavalry, about ten thousand strong, crossed the Rappahannock on a reconnoissance in force. Attack on and attacked all Stuart's cavalrv, of nearly the same Stuart. II- .^ J strength, on his own ground. The artillery was freely used on both sides, and the number of guns was very nearly equal. After heavy and successful fighting all day, the enemy was put on the defensive, and made to develop his entire force, and even bring up his in- fantry. In the late afternoon our troops recrossed the river unmolested, having fully accomplished the object aimed at. There Avas more fighting than generalshij). This was, for the cavalry, the turning point in the war.^ Confeder- The Confederates were never met before or afterwards ate pres- . i i • • i tige lost, in such force. They here lost their prestige and never recovered it. Daily skir- 111 rapid successioii followed severe contests of the luislies. cavalry, successful for the Federals at Aldie, Upper- ville, etc., June 17 to 22, and engagements of more or less importance daily all through the campaign. The cavalry of both armies was in constant contact. ^ McClellan says " it made the Federal cavalry." GENL. W. W. AVERELL GENL. A. N. DUFFIE GENL. JUDSON KILPATRICK GENL. J. IRVIN GREGG GENL. J. B. MclNTOSH GENL. H. E. DAVIES CAVALEY IN VIRGINIA. 19 Ordered by Lee to keep on his right flank, and im- Stuart sep- able to break through the Federal cavalry, Stuart rode trom Lee. round its rear and crossed the Potomac between it and Washington, and, severed from him by the whole Fed- eral army, only joined Lee at Gettysburg the second day of the battle. General Lee has claimed that Stuart's absence caused him great inconvenience, and perhaps ruined his cam- paign of invasion. Stuart's historian indignantly denies this, and apparently gives good reasons. Be this as it may, it is sure that during this campaign, in a series of almost daily encounters, the Federal cavalry came out best, not without getting roughly handled at times, but always making itself respected ; and up to July 3 kept Lee's cavalry separated from his army, and prevented their help when most needed by him. Durin( 1 cavalry. ritt and Lowell on the left, the whole under General Torbert). On both flanks they fought infantry, and Lowell particularly put in his men mounted against Kershaw's division of Longstreet's corps, who were not merely in open country, but were protected by stone walls. For hours did our cavalry attack and keep back Kershaw's fine division, and they charged up to the stone walls, and here Lowell lost his life, and many brave officers and men were killed and wounded. Charles Russell Lowell was a man made by nature for Charles 1 • 1 T r» 1 n Russell a cavalry leader. Durnig the eight weeks oi the valley Lowell, campaign his command, the regular brigade of 1st, 2d, and 5th United States, and 2d Massachusetts cavalry, was almost daily engaged ; and at one time for twenty- four consecutive days was in a fight of more or less im- portance. He had in the eight weeks no less than fif- teen horses killed under him. What he did so conspic- uously, all the rest did in high degree. The losses were severe, the glory great, the success splendid. Sheridan had picked Lowell out almost at once as an officer of exceeding merit. Cedar Creek may be considered the end of this cam- paign, for no fighting of any importance followed. In the spring of 1865 Sheridan's cavalry rode down to Grant before Petersburg, sweeping up all that re- mained north of the James, capturing the last guns left. Early re- and putting a military quietus on Jubal Early, General quietus. 30 FIBST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Lee's " bad old man," as he was called. His undoubted ability as a soldier, his perseverance and couraoe, de- served a better fate. We knew him as a hard fighter and o-ood hater, and he is still irreconcilable. Before Pe- Arriving before Petersburg, March 27, Sheridan was ere urg. ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^j^^ j^|.^ flank witli his cavalry, and how he helped to push the Army of Northern Virginia to its At Five fate is a matter of history. At the battle of Five Forks the cavalry fought infantry, besides what remained of the Confederate cavalry. In the final and successful attack in that battle, it was the 5th corps, particularly Ayres' division, that turned the flank of the breastworks, and made the vic- tory complete ; but on the front the cavalry, before the arrival of the 5th corps, drove all the Confederate troops behind their works and held them there ; and later, at Cavalry the final battle, rode over the breastworks and followed the breast- up tlic victory. General Pickett, commanding the Con- federate infantry at Five Forks, said that while giving his final orders that day, just behind the breastworks, " a Federal cavalry soldier, mounted on a mule, jumped over the works and called on me to ' surrender, and be damned.' " At Appo- No one can doubt to-day, that the final surrender at Appomattox was due very largely to the cavalry, which constantly, during those splendid days, pressed against the Confederate army in front, flank, and rear ; never hesitating to inquire whether the force in their way was cavalry or infantry. Like the Irishman with his shille- lah, " they hit a head wherever they saw it." ^Vlten Lee It was ouly Avlieu General Lee found Sheridan's cav- that'^the airy finally between his army and its supplies at Appo- come.' mattox that he reaHzed the end had come, and surren- CAVALEY IN VIRGINIA. 31 clered. Whether the cavahy directly caused the surren- der or not, it is safe to say that the surrender would not have occurred then and there but for the boldness, dash, and perseverance with which Sheridan, with his splendid force, attacked Lee's army, and relentlessly fol-' lowed his retreating^ columns. In the Army of the Potomac there were in 1863 about Numerical forty regiments of cavalry, originally of 1200 men and horses each. In 1864 there were about forty-two. As these were recruited from the States in which they were enlisted, and as the desire was to recruit as many regi- ments as possible, rather than to keep full the regiments already in the field, it resulted that these soon became very small. Seldom could one be found, unless very recently put in the field, with over three hundred men. And many were smaller. To say that this was a very A faulty faulty way of administration falls far short of a proper condemnation. It prevented efficiency in those regi- ments which were best disciplined, for want of strength. It not only brought into the field useless regiments, be- cause wanting in drill and experience, but it usually furnished plenty of inexperienced field officers, of high rank, who would by mere seniority come into j^romi- nent command, unless specially got out of the way. This was managed better in Lee's army, where the companies of old regiments were kept filled up, instead of creating new and consequently useless battalions. Their regiments were almost invariably stronger than ours. A comparison by number of regiments^, therefore, gives an incorrect idea of the strength of the cavalry in the two armies. Lee had about thirty-six regiments. Nobody who has not served in the cavalry can appre- Sources of ciate the many sources of demoralization constantly at Lldon! 32 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Cavalry service no sinecure. Heavy losses in cavalry fights. Unremit- ting hard work. work. The man and horse are essentially one ; any ill- ness of either affects both. A false fold in the horse's blanket may ruin him. Epidemic diseases may for months paralyze the entire force. " Greased heel " and " glanders" were the most formidable epidemics. It has been thought by many infantry soldiers, men and officers, that the cavalry service is easy and not dangerous. Joe Hooker's exclamation, " Who ever saw a dead cavalryman ! " was hugely relished by the in- fantry. I have already shown that for want of experience and training, and of proper cavalry generals, until June, 1863, the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac never had a fair chance to show its prowess. When it did, later, it improved it nobly, and made up for former want of opportunity ; and many of the cavalry battles were remarkable for the losses. At Aldie, the 1st Mas- sachusetts cavalry lost, in about an hour, one hundred and sixty one officers and men out of three hundred. During the Richmond raid in 1864, the same regiment lost eight of fifteen officers, and nearly half its men, in eleven days, without fighting a general engagement, but constantly engaged in small affairs. It is not likely that such figures are at all peculiar to this regiment. Certainly General Hooker would never have made his famous remark a little later, nor was it deserved then. As to the work done by the cavalry, it was severe at all times, and was never remitted, even in winter. The same terrible picket duty and patrol, with constant skirmishes and hard marches, continued the whole year. Such a thing as a permanent camp behind w^orks was unknown. Terms of picket duty sometimes continued, with the same men, in winter, for two weeks at a time. '"^^^ ^J> THE IDEAL CAVALRYMAN THE REAL CAVALRYMAN CAVALBY IN VIRGINIA. 33 In the winter of 1863-64 the men averaged more than half their time on picket, and raids and reconnoissances were extra. The vedettes were on post alone (not by twos and threes) two hours at a time. During the winter of 1862-63, when Hooker's army was in front of Freder- icksburg, the picket duty was something horrible. The Exp9sure soldiers had only shelter tents, the horses no protection, duty. The roads were, in places, two feet deep with mud, slush, and water. Sometimes on relieving the vedettes, horses would be found dead from exposure and hunger. Oats alone could be taken on picket as forage, and the horses were always kept saddled. In their hunger they ate off each other's manes and tails, and a more mis- erable spectacle than the cavalry horses during this winter could hardly be found. They died by hun- dreds. Be it remembered, this was not necessary. It was a Unneees- wanton and disgraceful and costly misuse of a splendid ships. body of men and horses. But this misuse was not without its benefit. It was an effective school, if ex- pensive, for when a man has found out what he will not do, he is on the way to knowledge at any rate. The daily work of the cavalry soldier cannot be called Cavalry • T> • 1 n 1 T duties not easy, even when m camp. Besides all the ordinary du- easy. ties of the infantry soldier is the care of the horse. And the soldier has not only his own horse to clean, but the horses of all the men on camp guard, the sick, and any on extra duty. The forage is to be hauled, and all the horse equipments are to be kept in order, besides carbine, pistol, and sabre. During a campaign, at the end of a long march, be- fore a tent is pitched or any attempt at individual com- rest 34 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. fort can be made, forage must be procured, frequently from a distance. The horses must be unsaddled, cleaned and watered twice a day in camp. *^ Stable call " lasts Never at two hours cvcry day. In fact, the cavalry soldier is never at rest, and while in the field all these things must be done in intervals of fighting. I have known horses to remain saddled fifteen days and nights at a time, and only a part cleaned and fed. The only sleep the troopers got during the first two weeks of May, 1864, was on the ground in front of the horses, holding the bridle in their hands ; and oflicers had to do the same. During the 1864 campaign all officers had shelter tents, the same as the troopers. The troopers acquired a faculty of sleeping on horseback on the march. Faacina- As to the comfort, there can be no comparison be- tween cavalry and infantry service, none as to the amount of work. But there is something very attrac- tive in the service in spite of all. It is more venture- some and varied. Here to-day, there to-morrow. More chance for foraging. Sometimes better food ; never so much hardtack and pork, but not unfrequently great hunsrer and want. The sauce During the Antietam campaign, from September 2d until the 20th, neither forage nor rations were issued to the cavalry. The troopers fed upon green corn, apples, and past recollections, with an occasional feast at some farmhouse. The sauce of hunger was always plentiful and strono-. The horses fed on screen cornstalks almost entirely, a very poor food by the way, and supposed to have much to do with producing the epidemic of "greased heel," which broke out among them soon after. tion of the service of hunger. CAVALRY IN VIRGINIA. 35 In many respects the equipments were faulty and Faulty and , . T f^ . f unneces- senseless. Cavalry is supposed to enect surprises, it sary equip- should be able to march silently. Why then the jing- ling- sabre ? The metal scabbard and metal fastenings make the noise. They also keep the sabre dull, invite rust, and add to the soldier's work. A wooden or leather scabbard lined with wood is better, would be noiseless, and keep the sabre bright and sharp ; for the sabre is supj^osed to be sharp. Of the horse equipment much was useless. The lariat rope and picket-pin were born of service on the plains, where they were necessary in feeding the horses on grass ; parts of the saddle had the same origin, as, for examnle, the hooded stirrups. The soldier had too Burden- ^ 1 /~i p 1 ' 1 c • ^ some out- many arms. The Confederate, instead or arming the fit. entire regiment with rifles or carbines, had sharpshooter companies, thus leaving a part of the regiment with only pistol and carbine. Until towards the end of 1863, their carbines and rifles were muzzle-loading. By that time they had captured enough breech-loaders to largely arm their reduced numbers with them. The Federal cavalry had breech-loaders of various systems, principally Sharps, and the Michigan brigade had the Spencer magazine seven shooters — " coffee mills," the Confederates called them. The various carbines were of different calibre, and with a variety of ammunition that caused confusion. Compared with this the Confederate outfit was mea- gre and simple, but strong in essential points. I have spoken of their well-trained and well-bred horses. When my own regiment was mounted, the horses were bought of contractors, and were said at the time to include all ment of vicious the vicious and unmanagfeable animals in the State of animals. 36 Fin ST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Canadian liorses. Dash and enterprise of rebel cavsilry. Par nobile fratrum. ]\Iassacliiisetts. They were a motley lot, few having ever been ridden, generally " Canucks," as the Canada horses are called — short-leo-ged animals with thick mane and tail, about fifteen hands high. They proved excellent animals, and seemed able to endure hardshii) and hunger nearly in proportion to their Canadian blood. These Canucks are supposed to be Norman- French horses, degenerated in size ; good-tempered, and exceedingly hardy. When they could not get hay they would eat the bark of trees, leaves, almost anything; and would thrive where horses of some other breed would starve. The last of these Massachusetts horses in the regiment was stolen in crossing the Pamunky, at Hanovertown, in June, 18G-i, much to the grief of his rider. The Confederate cavalry was efficient, well-mounted, and led with dash and enterprise from the very start. It obtained at once the prestige, and held it until June, 1863. Our Southern friends in the cavalry certainly fought well, and some of them are evidently as strong with the pen as with the sword, notably Von Borcke, Gilmor, and Mosby. General J. E. B. Stuart not only commanded the Confederate cavalry, he made it. At Chancellorsville, after Stonewall Jackson's death, he commanded his corps, and showed himself a general of very high order. Fitzhugh Lee was far and away next best after Stuart, if not his equal. He Avas called to the chief command at a time when the task was desperate. The Confederate cavalry started its career in pride, sti-ength, and success; the Federal cavalry in confu- sion and inefficiency, and had to make itself. This was CAVALBY IN VIRGINIA. 37 naturally not done in a day, nor did any leader of mag- netic influence call out its powers. It was done pain- fully, slowly, and with many a humiliating experience. Hard knocks and defeats taught it vigilance, and the most able officers grew up with and out of it. The Federal cavalry, for a long time, was not fortu- nate in its leaders. Perhaps it is fairer to say that the faulty system, or want of system, prevented the leaders from accomplishing anything. A cavalry general is not Rarity of easily found in even trained armies, and none appeared generals. in the Army of the Potomac to hasten the natural pro- cess. Sheridan, who was the most brilliant commander the war furnished, perhaps, on either side, was not trained in the United States cavalry, having been an infantry officer, and for some time serving as quartermaster. I find in a most interesting book on cavalry, by Bis- marck (Lectures on the Tactics of Cavalry, 1818), the followino' : — o "A sufficient number of able generals of infantry has been found at Bismarck's all times, in all armies, but very rarely ojie of cavalry." " Cavalry will jjroljably in future times no longer occupy a place in line of bat- tle, until some eminent talent on a throne discerns its strength, and out of the whole body of officers places the ablest, most resolute, steady, and boldest at its head, and in future wars overcomes those nations who, following the spirit of our time (ever less productive of truly warlike characters), neglect the cavalry." " But all command- ers of armies have not known how to derive advantage from cav- alry," etc., etc. " The secret of bringing about great effects by cavalry lies in the Secret of personal qualities of the leader. Striking instances are recorded of f^^^,^ " the opposite effects produced l)y different commanders upon the same troops. When Murat upbraided Junot for his inaction after cross- ing the Prudisi, Junot alleged in excuse that he had no orders to at- tack, that his Wurtemberg cavalry were shy, etc., that they could 38 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. never be brought to charge the enemy's battalions. These words Inspiration Murat answered by deeds. He rushed on at the head of the troops leader. who, with a different leader, were quite different men ; he urged them on, launched them against the Russians, overthrew their sku'- mishers, and then returning to Junot said, ' Now finish the business ! your glory and your marshal's staff are before you.' A similar an- ecdote is told of Colonel Rousset, an oflBcer of Louis XIV., and Cap- tain Churchill, afterwards Duke of Marlborough, at the siege of Nimeguen (1672). On this occasion the French colonel had been obliged to abandon a post. Turenne, who witnessed the retreat, betted that Churchill, with half the force, would regain it. He gave him the command, and after a desperate struggle the future duke, in presence of the whole army, recovered the position." " In these wars (1756) amongst other ai'mies were actions of single cavalry detachments and regiments worthy of being handed down to military posterity. But there was nothing done upon a large scale. There was hut one Seidlitz." General Sheridan was selected by General Grant on this principle, and fully justified his intelligence. Un- der Sheridan only did the Federal cavalry gain the prominence it deserved. What Think of what might have been effected at several have been, battles iu tlic War had there been in command a general at Antie- , , ^ ^ ^ tarn. ^i^Q ii^^i i\^Q power of seeing his opportunity and im- proving it when it occurred ! At Antietam, McClellan in the centre, above tlie Antietam Creek, on high ground, with Porter's large and efficient corps at his elbow, and all his cavalry within five hundred yards of Lee's guns, which alone connected the two wings of his army, should have seen his opportunity. He was not ac- customed, as was Sheridan, to be on the ground visit- ing in turn all the critical positions, in contact with his generals, and almost with his enemy, ready to fight his battle as opportmiity offered, taking advantage of his enemy's errors, and snatching victory from him. But ^th.:' ■■ ■",'*. 0^^^i: m. M %l\ ROBERT WILLIAMS Co/, nnd Brvt. Briif. Geiil. U. S. A. CAVALEY IN VIRGINIA. 39 he could not help seeing the chance at Antietam, for it was thundered into his ears, and must have burned his eyes. He was of the generals who fight battles in tents, on paper, at a table the day before. His enthusiasm was shown at reviews, or before the battle. The battle- field showed him nothing. After Gettysburg, a general of marked ability in com- Duty of mand of all the combined cavalry of Meade's army after Oet- should have at least captured all Lee's wagons and much of his artillery, if not have prevented his crossing the Potomac. It is not without interest to notice the remarkable number of distinguished officers of the Confederacy who served in the United States cavalry before 1861 ; most of them were always cavalry officers : Generals R. E. Galaxy of Lee, A. S. Johnston, J. E. Johnston, Kirby Smith, Har- ate cavalry o£B.C6rs dee, J. E. B. Stuart, Fitzhugh Lee, W. W. Loring,Van Dorn, G. B. Crittenden, J. B. Hood, Field, Evans, George H. Stuart, Richard B. Ewell, and many more of less note. In the Federal army the list is not so long nor so re- Sedgwick markable, John Sedgwick and George H. Thomas being Thomas. the most distinguished. My sketch is of necessity very imperfect, since, to be Imperfect general, it had to be greatly condensed. I trust it may have illustrated to infantry listeners some peculiarities of the cavalry. To cavalry listeners I almost feel I owe an apology for saying so much that is trite, and partic- ularly in seeming to labor to prove propositions that to tliem must be self-evident. CHAPTER 11. m MASSACHUSETTS, SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER 30, 1861. The first volunteer rej^iments of cavalry were raised Tiie regu- about September 1, 1861. Prior to that time there formed the • 1 TT • 1 o model of were of resfular cavah-y troops m the United States volunteer ~ . regiments. army six regiments, of twelve companies each. These formed the model upon which the volunteer regiments were built. And in almost all cases volunteer regi- ments Avere organized from the militia cavalry organ- izations in the different States. As cavalry was considered a chosen corps, and the volunteer soldiers had an idea that the work would be easier, and as the idea of riding upon a horse was an attractive one, these regiments filled up very rapidly. Volunteer But no attempt was made to enlist the men with regard regiments . . 1 n 1 p 1 nil rapidly. to a previous occupation, which should fit them lor that peculiar service. It would have been better to have se- lected men of light weight, accustomed to horses, rather than men of heavy weight who were strange to the ani- mal ; but this is merely one of the things that were not done as they should have been, owing to the vast un- dertaking of organizing an immense army suddenly. The 1st Massachusetts cavalry was made up almost entirely from existing military organizations. Compa- Origin of nies A and B were made out of the Boston Dragoons ; panies?"' companies C, D, and G from the Boston Lancers ; com- IN MASSACHUSETTS. 41 panies L and M from the Waltliam Dragoons (the lat- isei, ter company received a large number of men recruited ber. in Haverhill by Lieutenant Batchelder); companies I and K from the North Bridgewater Dragoons, in the Old Colony ; E and F from near Springfield, from the Springfield Horseguards ; company H was raised in Essex County, from no cavalry militia company. Its original officers were from Marblehead. Not a few of the men who had been drilled in these militia companies enlisted for the service in the regi- ment. All of these companies elected their officers ac- Officers dGCtcd bv cordinof to the reg-ulations of the Massachusetts militia, the men. and reported at the camp at Readville, Camp Brigham, with the idea that they could also elect their field offi- cers. Major William F. White took command as the companies reported for duty, from September 6 to 12. Governor Andrew, fully aware of the difficulty of bringing a cavalry force into a high state of efficiency, selected for the colonel of this regiment Robert Wil- Colonel Hams of Virginia, of the United States Army, a cavalry officer graduated from West Point, who had been cadet instructor of cavalry at the academy, and was highly recommended by General Scott. A better officer to or- ganize and discipline a regiment of cavalry could not have been found. He was a thorough disciplinarian, possessed of remarkable dignity and presence, a splen- did horseman, and fitted eminently for the position. His military secretary telegraphed as follows to Gov- ernor Andrew on getting Captain Williams' acceptance of the offer of the colonelcy of this regiment. Washington, September 11, 1861. Williams accepts. Scott requests Cameron to grant Williams furlough. Adjutant-General protests and opposes. Scott requests 42 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1861, Septem- ber. Colonel Williams' accept- ance. Lieuten- ant-Colo- nel ap- pointed. Mutiny. me to assure you that he knows no young cavalry officer in America or Europe who is Williams' superior, and thanks you for the spirit which impelled such an offer from Massachusetts to Virginia. Says he esteems it the most graceful patriotic incident thus far in war. A. G. Browne, Jr., Military Secret anj. Captain Williams wrote as follows to the governor, accepting the colonelcy. Headquarters General Banks' DryisioN. Darnestown, Md., September 21, 1861. To His Excellency, Governor Andrew. Sir, — I have the honor to express to you my sincere thanks for the high compliment you have paid me in tendering to me the colo- nelcy of the cavalry regiment now heing raised by the State of Mas- sachusetts. I assure you I fully appreciate the honor as well as the responsibility, and I shall strive to the utmost to render myself wor- thy of both. I beg that you will not think me dilatory in not having reported to you in person before this. I shall do so as soon as I can after another officer has been appointed assistant adjutant-general to General Banks, the position which I now hold. I am, very respectfully, Robert "Williams, Assistant Adjutant- General. For lieutenant-colonel, Colonel Horace Binney Sar- gent, of Governor Andrew's own staff, was selected. He was a superb horseman, very enthusiastic about cavalry service, and a student of military matters, al- though of no experience. Majors were left for later selection. When the two colonels appeared on the field, the company officers, who had expected that the field officers would be chosen from among their own numbers, were astonished and dissatisfied, and this feehng soon spread among the men. In consequence, a mutiny broke out, the effects of which were never wholly eradicated from HORACE BINNEY SARGENT Col. and Brvt. Brisr. Genl. IN MASSACHUSETTS. 43 the reo-iment. Colonel Williams was not a man to stand isei, ""* . -j-^ . • i» 11 1 1 October. any insubordination. Energetic action followed, and this trouble culminated in the wounding of one man and the dismissal of many officers by the colonel. For a time, an infantry guard from the •24th regiment was placed in camp, in anticipation of further disorder. Many of the elected officers who reported with the Changes in \ tip'- • field and companies proved to be, lor various reasons, mcompe- company officers. tent, and Colonel Williams soon decided to choose not only his own field officers, but, to a great extent, the company officers also. He told all of them that they held the places only on probation, and that, if found unfitted, they would be dismissed. Later, when the regiment was in South CaroHna, he acted upon this principle, and many more were told to resign and did so. With reference to the roster of those who came to camp in September, 1861, in command of the different companies. Colonel Williams, in his letter to the gov- ernor, October 29, wrote as follows : — Headquarters op the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry. Camp Brigham, October 29, 1861. Lieutenant-Colonel Harrison Ritchie, Alde-de-Camp. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the Colonel \Vi11i3j1IIS 2£)th inst., containing instructions from His Excellency, the comman- letter der-in-chief, concerning the nominations for officers, which I have officers.^^ sent in, as well as directing me to send a roster of officers now on duty with the regiment. I would respectfully state that the nomina- tions referred to were not intended to displace any of the officers, hut to fill vacancies. I enclose herewith the roster required. I have placed opposite the name of each officer my opinion concern- ing his qualification as a cavalry officei\ These opinions I have formed after careful study of the officer's character during the time I have heen on duty with the regiment. It is my belief that those whom I have spoken of as unfit for cavalry duties will never be able to learn them in such manner as to work satisfactorily to them- 44 FIMST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1861, Septem- ber. What a cavalry officer should be. selves or me in the regiment. The duties of a cavalry officer require, in my opinion, talents and physical capacity of high order, wliich are of a peculiar nature, and which these gentlemen cannot acquire. As I wish to see the regiment reflect the greatest credit upon the State of Massachusetts, as I know that it can be made such if well officered, I would most earnestly recommend that none of the officers be ap- pointed to whom I have referred as being unfit for cavalry duties. A cavalry officer should be a man of comparatively light, active fig- ure, of quick, active intellect, ancl, in addition, capable of leading his men, if necessary, into the most desperate encounters with coolness, but at the same time with the greatest rapidity. He should be the first in every charge, the last in every retreat ; and, above all, should admit nothing, in the power of man and horse to accomplish, as im- possible. I beg that I may not be presumptuous in speaking so plainly. I have made cavaliy and its duties the study of my life, so that I hope that I understand them. These gentlemen to whom I have referred cannot be made to understand them. With these as officers I look forward to anything but honor with the regiment ; without them, and with good officers, I hope everything. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, Robert Williams, Colonel 1st Massachusetts Cavalry. ROSTER OF REGIMENT, SEPTEMBER, 1861. Company A. Company B. Company C. Company D. Company E. John S. Leonard. E. R. Merrill. H. N. Weld. S. E. Chamberlain. M. F. Webster. P. C. Stevens. O. R. Shaw. W. M. Miles. A. H. Stevens. G. F. Jennings. J. H. AVyman. J. S. Robinson. M. C. Pratt. Captain. 1st liieut. 2d Lieut. Lieut. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. Captain. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. Captain. 1st Lieut, 2d Lieut. Captain. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. (Enlisted man.) IN MASSACHUSETTS. 45 Company F. Company G. Company H. Company I. Company K. Company L. Company M» H. Crane. L. Slade. D. B. Keith. C. E. Rice. W. C. Bowler. F. Boardman. T. W. Coffin. L. Richmond. N. Merchant. F. H. Shiverick. J. H. Case. R. D. Hills. Wm. Gibbs. G. W. Batchelder. M. A. Moore. A. W. Corliss. J. G. Thayer. 1st Lieut. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. Captain. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. Captain. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. Captain. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. Lieut. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. Captain. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. Captain. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. 1861, Septem- ber. He criticised each officer as to capability, mental and CoJ^pei ^ '^ ' W illian physical, severely and pitilessly. of'wi^'^ Without giving the names, some o£ the criticisms are officers. appended, as they give an idea of the faults he particu- larly noticed, and they illustrate his letter, which is a forcible exposition of the qualities he wished for. Is too old. Is unfit for cavalry duty. Lacks energy of mind and body. Is unfit for cavalry duties. Has been requested to send in his resignation, and has declined. Is ab- solutely unfit for cavalry duties. Will make a very good cavalry lieutenant. Might be tried further as a lieutenant. Lacks energy of mind and body, and is unfit for cavalry duties. Resignation accepted by the governor, October 21. Entirely unfit for cavalry duty. Is too heavy, lacks energy, has sent in his resig- nation. 46 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1861 Lacks energy of both mind and body. Is unfitted for cavalry Novem- ^^^i^g^ Will make a very good lieutenant (2d) of cavalry. Will make a very good captain of cavalry. Dismissed Tliis actioii of Coloiiel Williams was military, arbi- ofiicers _ _ . prefer trarv- and necessary. The officers dismissed at the time charges. ./ ^ ./ of the mutiny preferred charges against him and Lieu- tenant-Colonel Sargent. The newspapers commented extensively on the occurrences and his action, and much feelino; was aroused. He never for a moment wavered in his conduct of the regiment's affairs, and the public, just getting used to military matters, saw that here, at least, was a man who knew his business. Feeling qui- eted down. The charges ao^ainst Colonel Williams and Lieutenant-Colonel Sargent fell through, and the men of the regiment found they had a man in command who not only knew his business, but meant to be obeyed. The discontent in the regiment prevented the accom- plishment of all his plans at once ; but very soon, — about Thanksgiving time, — young men selected by him to be company officers began to appear at Readville in camp. There were about twenty such who reported Volunteer simply as voluutcers, with the promise that if found fitted for the duties, they should later receive definite rank, before the regiment left the State. The camp. The camp Avas at Readville, where now are the grounds of the Norfolk County Agricultural Society, on the Boston & Providence Railroad, about eight miles from Boston, well situated for getting supplies ; but it was as cold a spot as could be found in Massachusetts. Great wooden stables were built for the horses across the parade, and on a line with the company streets. These were made of rough boards, and ventilation was abundant. □ □ □ n oo oooooo D oo oo oooooo oooooo n oo oo oooooo oooooo D oo oo oooooo oooooo □ oo oo oooooo oooooo □ oo oooooo oo oooooo oo oooooo J ^ lU ® < m 6=^ 5S ^ ®l ^ "H (S^ is==i sa in m, ^ IWl m @ > B ^ m ^ X h < g^ .Hi) /.¥ MASSACHUSETTS. 47 The men were drilled as much as the weather per- isei, mitted, and pretty much all the rest of then- thne was occupied in taking care of the horses. Mounted drill, Drill, also, began about December 1, in the beginning with- out saddles, and afforded great amusement to every- body but those unfortunates who were thrown from their own fiery steeds, or kicked and bruised by those of others. Sabres were the only arms issued before the regiment reached the field. In the neighboring camp was organized the 24th in- fantry, Colonel Thomas G. Stevenson. Shortly after the regiment went into camp at Read- ville, horses purchased by contractors began to be is- Horses sued, and it was said that the regiment possessed nearly ^"^"^ all the unruly beasts in New England. A great many of these, unfitted for harness, became afterwards capital troop horses. These horses were distributed to the Distrib- , . 1 -r-» . uted ac- companies according to color. J3ays were oiven to cording to color. companies A, B, C, and D, the 1st battaHon ; sorrels and roans to companies E, F, G, and H, the 2d batta- lion ; blacks to companies I, K, L, and M, the 3d bat- talion, while the grays were given to the band. Every trooper wanted the best horse, and no little heart- burning was caused when in companies the horses were given out. Forcible exchanges occurred, not to call the deed by a worse name. The autumn of 1861 was very cold, with periods of a cold, wet weather, and the camp about the stables soon be- tumu. came a vast sea of mud, which, frozen, somewhat resem- bled an arctic sea in irregularity, and dirty as the Au- gean stables. There was a great deal of sickness among the horses ; and the men who had enhsted with an idea of riding on horseback, perhaps with the further notion 48 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. ,. ^^^\ that grooms would be furnished to take care of their December. o horses when they dismounted, soon found that in addi- sio^s'^dis- tion to being a soldier, a cavalry soldier would have to ^^ ^ ' be also groom and stable keeper. The duty of tak- ino; care of sick horses under unfavorable circumstances was very irksome and trying. There was nothing but novelty and friendship to attract visitors to Camp Briijham. March to Qu December 19, the whole regiment marched into Boston. ' ^ Boston, made the usual tour through the j^rincipal streets, and back to Readville. It was a fatiguing pa- rade to all who marched, and would not have satisfied a critical and experienced beholder. Notabrii- The cavalrv to which Boston liad been accustomed liant pa- -^ rade. ^rr^g ^jj-j^^ distinguished by the red uniforms and flying pennants of the Lancers, and the dark blue uniform and shiny brass ornaments of tlie Dragoons. Our regiment could show nothing of this. Dingy uniforms begrimed with mud and dirt and showing hard usage ; untamed steeds, rough with their autumn coats ; a redundant out- fit of saddles, bridles, queer stirrups, and superfluous bits, all stiffened by December cold, rendered enthusi- asm on the part of friends of the regiment difficult. The rio^ht stuff was there. The Boston public saw Boston .=• . ' o ^ sees a regi- somethmp" it ucvcr saw before, — a reo^mient or cavalry, mentof ^ ' * . „ „ ,. cavalry, and acceptcd " the unknown as magnificent. This parade was the second mounted march of the regiment only. Indeed, horse equipments were only issued on December 15. Before that the horses were ridden bare- back, guided by watering bridles. Colonel Williams gradually tightened the discipline, and the men soon found that their life was not to be an easy one. Everybody in camp, from the colonel down, IN MASSACHUSETTS. 49 had hard work from sunrise to sunset, and punishment isei, i^GCGlUDGr for breach of discipHne became common. This proved very trying to men unused to it, and Colonel Williams l>iscipiine. became anxious to get the regiment away from the State into the field, where he would be free from news- paper criticism and the visits of the innumerable friends of the men and officers. A few commissions had been gradually given to new officers for weeks past. About the middle of December most of the officers who had volunteered received their commissions and were mustered into the United States service. Later, while in New York, several joined, and the roster was (a few officers being dis- Roster, missed) as follows : — Colonel Robert Williams. Lieutenant-Colonel H. B. Sargent. Major Greely S. Curtis. Major John H. Edson. Major Wm. F. White. Surgeon Dr. James Holland. Assistant Surgeon Dr. Oscar C. DeWolf. Regimental Q. M. Lucius W. Knight. * Battalion Q. M. Edward A. Brackett. Battalion Q. M. Milton R. Bowen. Captains. 1. Henry Lee Higginson. A. 7. Oren R. Shaw. C. 2. Lucius M. Sargent, Jr. H. 8. Samuel E. Chamberlain B. 3. Marcus A. Moore. M. 9. David B. Keith. G. 4. Atherton H. Stevens, Jr. D. 10. Caspar Crowninshield. E. 5. William Gibbs. L. 11. James H. Case. K. 6. Lucius Richmond. L 12. T. L. Motley. F. 1st Lieutenants. 1. Charles E. Rice. G. 4. Henry T. Davis. H. 2. Greenleaf W. Batchelder. L. 5. B. W. Crowninshield. F. 3. Walter M. INIiles. C. 6. F. H. Shiverick. L 50 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1861, December. 7. C. F. Adams, Jr. H. 8. M. C. Pratt. E. 9. Lucius H. IMorrill. K. 10. II. Pelham Curtis. C. 11. Edward R. Merrill. 12. M. F. Webster. B. 13. Rufus D. Hills. K. 1. Arnold A. Rand. 2. Dean. 3. H. P. Bowditch. 4. N. Bowditch. L. ^. Channing Clapp. 6. H. N. Weld. A. 2d Lieutenants. F. 7. W. H. Forbes. E. 8. George Blagden. M. G. 9. R. M. Clark. F. 10. Frank Washburn. K. D. 11. Louis Cabot. I. 12. John Tewksbury. C. CHAPTER III. m SOUTH CAROLINA. JANUARY 1 TO AUGUST 19, 1862. The first part of the regiment to leave camp was the 1861, 1st battalion, companies A, B, C, and D, under Major ^^"^ ^^' Greely S. Curtis. This battalion left Readville Decem- ber 25, and went to Annapolis, Maryland, expecting the Dee. 25, other battalions to join it there, and make a part of battalion Burnside's expedition to North Carolina. The 2d and oiis. 3d battahons started December 26 and 28 respectively, Dec. 20. in cars for New York, arriving next day, and with them Stkiion Colonels Wilhams and Sargent, and Majors Edson and Yo?k.''' White. The men of the 3d battalion were quartered at Dec. 28, City Hall Park barracks, and the horses in East 24th battalion Street. The 2d battalion was marched to the old sta- York."^ bles of the Third Avenue Horse-Car Company, and the horses were stabled there. These stables were exces- sively dirty and dilapidated, having been built as a tem- porary accommodation for the horses of this horse rail- road company, to replace one that had recently burned down. The men were quartered at first in the barracks in City Hall Park, opposite the Astor House, and later in a lager beer garden adjacent to the horse-car stables, known as " Landmann's Hamilton Park." The two bat- talions were detained here ten days, and while they were Anuncom- in this uncomfortable and irregular condition, the mea- detention. sles broke out in company F, and later became very 52 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1861, December. Order to disband new cav- alry regi- ments. Order counter- manded. troublesome on the transports wliicli took them to South Carolina. The two battalions while in New York rode out once in the Central Park, at that time quite new. In returning the 3d battalion received quite an ovation in passing- down Fifth Avenue. The rapid enlistment of cavalry regiments alarmed army headquarters at Washington. The old feeling re- turned about the difficulty of making so many raw re- cruits, with expensive equipments, into a useful part of the army. The following order was issued to disband many of the newly recruited cavalry regiments, and the 1st Massachusetts was among the fatal number : — Wak Department, Washington, December 3, 1861. To THE GOVERXOK OF MASSACHUSETTS. Incomplete eavaliy regiments will not be completed. If they can be consolidated so as to form complete regiments, they will be re- ceived. If not, they will be mustered out of service. No other cav- alry regiments will be raised. Please report your action in the case. No more cavalry will be sent forward without express orders to that effect. The Department desires to turn a number of the cav- alry regiments already raised into infantry or garrison artillery. Please report if this can be done. Per order L. Thomas, Adjutant- General. Colonel Williams hurried to Washington, and such representations were made by him and the other friends of the regiment that the order was countermanded, as far as it related to the 1st Massachusetts. Doubtless the high reputation of Colonel Williams as a cavalry officer had much to do with this result. Having obtained its second lease of life, the destina- tion of the command was changed. Instead of becom- ing a part of Burnside's expedition to North Carolina, SAMUtL E. CHAMBERLAIN Col. and Brvt. Brig. Genl. U. S. V. IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 53 it was ordered to be attached to the Southern Expedi- 1862, tionary Corps of General Hunter, which in November ^'^"^'^' captured the forts at Hilton Head, and opened up a Attached small territory on the South Carolina sea islands. This Hunter's*" command threatened Savannah and Charleston, and con- ^*^^^^" sisted of about fifteen thousand men, infantry and artil- lery, and Avas accompanied by a large fleet under Ad- miral Goldsborough. The siege of Fort Pulaski was the next step after the capture of the forts, and small garrisons were placed on the sea islands all along the South Carohna coast, from Charleston to Florida. January 8, orders came for the two battaHons of the Ordered regiment in New York to go on board transports and Head*s!c. proceed to Hilton Head, South Carohna; and it was expected that Hilton Head, from which a good deal of country was accessible by inland waters, would form the base of operations for an invasion of South Carohna. Embarked in different large steamers these two battal- ions proceeded to Port Royal, and were joined a little later by the 1st battahon, which had previously gone to Annapolis. The 3d battalion went from New York on board the Details of steamers Baltic and Marion, company I on the latter, tS^" and companies K, L, and M on the former; the 2d battalion on the steamers Empire City, Cahawba, and Star of the South. On board the Empire City were company F, and twenty men of company G, witli one hundred and fifty horses. The Star of the South, with company E, and one hundred and twenty-five horses, left New York on Saturday, the lOtli of January, but as it was rainy and foggy, the Baltic, with three hun- dred horses, the Marion, with one hundred horses, Ca- hawba, with companies G and H, and one hundred and 54 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. January, Landing delayed by fog. Jan. IS, 1802, ;}d battalion arrives at Hilton Head. Jan. 10, and liO, 1862, 2d battalion arrives at Beaufort. On shore at last. fifty horses, and Empire City, could not sail until early Monday morning. The Empire City rolled badly, and this made it very uncomfortable for everybody on board. On the 16th the fleet arrived off the South Carolina coast. But the weather was thick, the shore low, all the buoys taken away, and the landmarks on the shore destroyed. On account of numerous shoals, the ship could not go in without a pilot. In the meantime a fog came up, and the vessels were all detained. The shoals extend fifteen miles out from shore, and it was a diffi- cult place for navigation. All these things combined kept them outside several days, and both the Empire City and the Baltic struck on the shoals. The Empire City, after a little trouble, was got off, but the Baltic had to throw overboard about $20,000 worth of cargo before she could be sufficiently lightened to float her ; and for a time they were very anxious about her. The Empire City did not get in until Sunday, the 19th, so that the men and horses were on board eleven days, and the last of them did not get off until Monday morning, the 21st. The men and horses on the Baltic were put on board the steamer Mayflower, and taken to the Sea- brook plantation and landed January 18. They remained here until the 21st in camp, and then marched four and a half miles to Hilton Head, where Camp White was es- tablished. Later, the 1st battalion joined them, coming from Annapolis. At Hilton Head, at the time they arrived, there were about nine thousand troops, and two regiments were temporarily at Tybee. There were six thousand at Beaufort. On the steamer Empire City there was no doctor, and no medical stores. Several men became permanently IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 55 disabled from the consequences of the measles and the 1862, voyage, who, properly taken care of, would have speed- ily recovered. It can hardly be realized what an im- mense deal of room cavalry, with horses and equip- ments, takes up on board ship. The horses were placed on the lower decks and fas- stable tened, with their heads and tails across the vessel. The shipboard weather was rough, and the air between decks, where the horses were, became almost intolerable. The men who took care of the horses had to remove their cloth- ing on account of the great heat, and even then could not remain long below. Sea-sickness added to the dis- comfort both of men and horses. While waiting outside for clear weather and pilots, although the sea was calm, a heavy swell rolled in, and the horses, fastened as described, would brace them- selves against the motion of the vessel. This increased the rolling of the ship, so that the vessel became a see- saw, rolling frightfully and continuously. This was very trying, the horses suffering more than the men. When finally they went in through the channels, the 2d battai- 2d battalion, companies E, F, G, and H, proceeded to Beaufort, Beaufort, which continued its post until the regiment left South Carolina. The horses on being discharged from the vessels were in a very weak condition, a few even died, but terra firma and pleasant weather soon brought the remainder round. These four companies established their camp on the Camp es- western border of the town, in a field opposite the Mar- tha Barnwell place, and the officers were ordered to procure from the town boards to make floors for the tents of officers and men, and the horses were also made 56 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1862, January. Houses at Beaufort aban- doned. Vandalism in Beau- fort. Treasure trove. very comfortable, as forage was plenty. When other boards could not be obtained, small buildings were torn down to furnish them. The Confederates had to abandon all this part of South Carolina very hastily ; and Beaufort, a very pretty town, Avhich had been a favorite resort of rich South Carolinians at all times of the year, was so hastily de- serted that the houses, on the entrance of the United States troops, contained all the furniture, and even stores, which they had when their Southern residents occupied them. Many of these were large and elegant, probably the finest in the South. Even the food was left on the tables, ready to be eaten. All these things had to be administered by the officers commanding the troops, and it happened, as one of the unpleasant consequences of war, that the houses were more or less plundered. In some cases, where general officers or their staffs oc- cupied them, they were protected. Such as had not that ffood fortune soon showed the result of their unfortu- nate situation. Between tlie negroes and undisciplined troops much vandalism resulted. The day after the reg- iment arrived, being ordered to procure boards for the purpose of making a floor, an officer of the regiment entered a handsome residence on the river, Avalked into a parlor, and stood facing a large mirror. While he was looking at it, a soldier came in behind him and threw a brick at the mirror, breaking it in pieces. The floors of this house were littered Avith books, articles of clothing, broken furniture, and letters. The inhabi- tants left in such haste that they could only take with them what could be carried in a small parcel. They frequently buried in the gardens many things which they hoped afterwards to come back and recover : silver Beaufort IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 57 ware, china, wine, and such things as were not injured i8(j2, 1 1 • , T 1 January. by being put under ground. The soil on the sea islands is largely sand, and a Search for sabre could be easily pushed into it to its full length, treasure. The negroes, all of whom were left behind when the Confederates abandoned this country, soon informed the soldiers of these burials, and resurrection became the order of the day. Soldiers could be seen prodding in the earth with sabres and ramrods, and many curious things were unearthed. An officer in this battalion, who had formerly visited Beaufort and Charleston in their palmy days, and who knew and appreciated the South Carolina madeira that he had tasted there, anti- cipated finding some of the same buried in the earth, but his hopes were not realized. Beaufort Island was ten miles long, traversed by a Beaufort, fine shell road. Bordered by hedges of jasmine, Chero- kee roses, and other flowers, tliis furnished a beautiful ride. Many of the plantations on this island belonged to rich people, and some, used as places of residence, where company was entertained, had handsome grounds. The first detachment for picket duty established head- quarters at the plantation of a Mr. Milne. He had a beautiful garden, in which were trees, twenty feet in height, of the camellia japonica, at this time in full blos- som. The soldiers broke off branches of these beauti- ful flowers, and when they returned to camp the com- Flowers in ,-- abund- pany resembled Macduff s army, loaded with flowers ance. instead of branches of Birnam wood. Strawberries were also ripe in the garden, and roses bloomed every- where. A few days of contact with troops proved ruin- ous to this scene of beauty. The japonica trees were soon torn in pieces. But roses never ceased to bloom. 58 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1862, Blackberries grew in profusion along the hedg'erows, and in many respects soldiering in South Carolina in early spring was like soldiering in the Garden of Eden. Other things were not so pleasant. There was a tor- ment of mosquitoes, sand flies, and innumerable insect pests, not to speak of the nimble flea, which abounded luxuriantly. Dress parade in the evening was some- times ludicrous, on account of the attempt of the sol- dier to stand immovable with a good, healthy mosquito on the end of his nose. Feb. !«>, On the 19th of February, company G, Captain Keith, paiiyGto was dctaclicd, and proceeded to Edisto Island, where it remained, and was joined by seven other companies a month later. The 2d battalion was commanded at first by Captain Keith, until February 12, when Lieutenant- Colonel H. B. Sargent came from Hilton Head and took command. In the middle of April, Major H. L. Hig- ginson (promoted major vice Major Edson, resigned) took command of the 2d battalion, and Lieutenant- Colonel Sargent came to headquarters at Hilton Head. The climate caused some little sickness among the men, coming so recently from a colder one. To coun- teract this, the men at roll call, in the morning and evening, had issued to them a mixture of whiskey, qui- nine, and red pepper. Many could not drink it ; but there was always somebody ready to take discarded medicine of which spirits formed a prominent compo- nent part. It was February 20 when the 1st battalion of the regiment joined at Hilton Head, coming from Annapo- lis in the steamer Baltic. At Annapolis they had been Annapolis, well drilled and disciplined. On leaving for Port Royal General Hatch issued the following order : — Tonics. Feb. 20, 18(52, 1st battiJion arrives at Hilton Head from ^.aw I2f SOUTH CAROLINA. 59 Headquarters .3d Brigade Volunteer Cavalry. 1862, Camp Harris, near Annapolis, January 18, 1862. January. Colonel, — Will you oblige me by communicating, at some con- General venient opportunity, to the officers and men of your command the opinion''o£ very favorable opinion I have formed of the battalion ? For subor- J*^* battal- dination, attention to military duty, cleanliness of camp, neatness of personal appearance, and general military bearing, I consider them quite the equal of any troops in the service. With a good know- ledge of drill and horsemanship (which they are acquiring with re- markable rapidity) they will be an honor to the State which has sent them into the field and to the government in whose service they are. Wishing you every success in the campaign on which you are entering, I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, [Signed] George P. Hatch, Brigadier- General Comvianding, Colonel H. B. Sargent, Commanding 1st Battalion Massachusetts Cavalry, Camp Harris. Lieutenant-Colonel H. B. Sargent, while in command of battalion at Annapolis, secured one thousand Colt's revolvers. Of these, thirty were stolen from boxes while in Q. M. storehouse. General Stoneman, in command of the cavalry, peremptorily refused to furnish any more pistols, or carbines of any kind. General Isaac Stevens commanded the post, com- Composi- manding the 1st brigade of General Thomas W. Sher- Gen.T.w. man's division. This brigade included the 8th Michi- brig™' ^ gan, 79th New York (Highlanders), 50th Pennsylvania (Roundheads), and 100th Pennsylvania infantry, a sec- tion of Captain Hamilton's United States regular bat- tery, besides the 2d battalion, 1st Massachusetts cav- alry, and later, the 1st Connecticut battery. Captain Rockwell. Beaufort was, in most things, superior to Hilton Head as a camping ground, more beautiful, shady, cleaner, and affording with its larger negro population 60 FIRST 3IASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1862, j^j^ J fewer troops some chance of fresh vegfetables, some January. -t^ & •^ fruit, and occasional chickens and young pigs. Hilton Hilton Head afforded quite a contrast, as the troops were encamped in an open field, entirely lacking in shade. The captured fort was near at hand, and the surrounding field abounded with jagged pieces of ex- ploded shells, a memento of the action in November. It was very hot, exposed as it was to the sun's fierce rays. The thermometer, during the month of April, would frequently mount to 100° under the tents. But the worst enemy was the soil itself. Formerly cot- Great heat ton fields, they had become loose, shifting sand, and ingsand. uudcr the impulsG of a light breeze, searched out every nook and corner of man and his habitation, and of everything that was his. Clothing and food were alike exposed to the inroads, and it made life misera- ble indeed. Sea bathins" on the beautiful beaches was Sea baths a uot iucousiderable compensation. Tlie sea breezes breezes, too, wlicu they came, as they frequently did in the af- ternoon, were cooler than Beaufort could boast. But generally speaking, Beaufort was a much more attrac- tive place. The Hilton Head part of the regiment, un- der Colonel Williams' searching eye, was better drilled and disciplined. All food came from the commissary department, and steamers from Norfolk, bringing fresh meat, Avere very welcome. The mail was more regu- lar than at Beaufort. Discipline The most rio'id discipline was exacted from officers and drill. ^ / • i i i i and men. To the men it seemed almost mtolerable, and scarcely less so to the officers. It made soldiers, though, and very rapidly the regiment became celebrated for its discipline and drill, while the horses soon acquired a training which made them admirable. To see the regi- IN south: CAROLINA. 61 ment at drill and parade was an inspiring sight. It i862, soon had the reputation of being the best disciplined in ^^"^' that army. Major G. S. Curtis commanded the 1st battalion, Major White the 3d, and Major H. L. Higginson the 2d battalion, the two former at Hilton Head, the latter at Beaufort. There was a good deal of difficulty in getting pure water for horses and men. It was obtained from wells sunk in the sand, and curbed with barrels and boxes. Water. As this Avas the dry season, the water came from a depth of about eight feet, but as the weather became wetter, the water came from a higher level of the soil, and was very ofPensive in both taste and smell, and un- doubtedly was the principal cause of the sickness of the men, which soon became serious, a low fever beino- com- mon. Among the horses, the disease known as glan- ders broke out first in company B, and later spread through the regiment. Glanders is a most terrible disease, commonly fatal among horses, never curable, Glanders and by contagion capable of being communicated to Head.*°" men. In some cases the horses would die within twenty- four hours after the disease declared itself, in others it would continue for years. The disease went through three stages, ordinarily, all but one of which made the horse useless, and that one did not prevent his being dangerous to his companions. This disease was never, during the war, wholly eradicated from the regiment. An immense number of horses had to be killed, and a great many died. On the 26th of April, General Hunter, in command April 26, of the department, declared all negroes free, and began Hunte?"' to organize a negro infantry regiment. rSoes! 62 FIEST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY, 1862, A few recruits joined the regiment while in South Carolina, and some men were discharged for disability. Early in May a movement began whose object was to take Charleston, and troops were slowly concentrated Expedi- for the purpose at Edisto Island, where company G of ^ake the 1st Massachusetts, and Wrisht's infantry briirade, Charles- _ -^ j o 7 **^"- had been stationed for some time. All the 1st Massa- chusetts, except companies E, F, I, and K were one after another taken to Edisto on transports, to make a part of the column to march against Charleston. When the Efand ^rmy was finally ready for th!s movement, it was organ- ized into two divisions, one commanded by General Benliam, and the other by General Stevens. Colonel Williams of the 1st Massachusetts was in command of a brigade consisting of his own regiment, the od Rhode Island infantry, and a battery of artillery, and on his staff were Lieutenants Clapp, Washburn, and Blagden, Johns from his own regiment. The movement via Johns ^^^ ' Island was slow and cautious, the base of operations ^•"^i™®? beino; James Island on Stono River ; it culminated on Island. c? ' Battle of June 15, in an attack upon a Confederate fort at Seces- viiie, June sionvillc. It is said that this attack was ordered by General Benliam, in spite of the dissent of all his infe- rior officers consulted. It resulted in a loss of over five hundred men in a very short time. The troops attacked a powerful fort with guns in position, and it resulted in disastrous defeat, although a few men actually got in- side the fort at one time. Supports were wanting, and the attack was ill sustained. Expedi- It became at once apparent that nothing could be accomplished here, and the troops returned to Hilton Head and Beaufort, after heavy losses and much suffer- ing, without accompHshing anything at all. The fact tion fails. oo r < '■'\■^^l!lJ,/'\■ syW^^' ?' 7 ':',"% ''''^',\W '!;^.- '"^: D a a D a < CO a a D D D a D D a a a a Q a a a D D n n □ a n □ a D D D D D D D a Q D D D a □ a a D D Q Q a a n a d a D D D o d a a D a D D n D Li ■ i/l ^ <; : (i IT' IL h- "« WINTER BEFORE FREDERICKSBURG. 95 immediately converted into a pudding o£ mud, into 186;;, which wheeled vehicles sank deep, and it soon became '^'''''''"■^■ impossible to move anything- on wheels. In fact, the A novel troojis themselves could not march. The different m^^t. '" corps were by this march brought near the banks of the Rappahannock, and the mud prevented rations beino- transported to them. The rain continued pitilessly, and, except to a mounted man, all movement was out of the question. In this state of things the cavalry was ordered out Jan. 23 just at dark on the night of January 23, and was bSe" marched to the depot of supplies at " Stoneman's tionJto "in- S witch," where every trooper was given a box of hard- tack, weighing fifty pounds, to put on his saddle in front of him. By means of the cavalry thus loaded, ra- tions were carried out to the infantry corps, who were bivouacking as best they could under the rain and with- out food. Pontoon bridges were laid down, but no crossing was Bumside's made, for the troops could not get to the bridges. The march, movement was consequently abandoned, and it took several days to get the troops back into their camps through the muddy roads and fields. This was known as " Burnside's mud march," and the march of the cav- alry or " cracker brigade," as it was denominated by the troopers, will long live in their memories. On the way out to the infantry, everywhere could be A modem seen wagons and artillery stuck in the mud hopelessly, SeTpo^nd! and occasionally immovable. The horses and mules were detached, but were as firmly fixed in the mire as the wagons and guns, and some were drowned. Fortu- nately the cavalry horses were movable and got safely back to camp, not without great fatigue and sore backs 96 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, January. Huts built and tents logged up. Fuel scarce. Contriv- ance for keeping warm. Kitchens. caused by the heavy boxes of hard-tack borne on their withers. Winter headquarters now were established. A sub- structure of logs fitted across each other and plastered wdth mud was made, and the tents were placed on top. Fireplaces of stones were made at one side of the tents, and for a chimney a barrel set up on end worked very well. Though not pretty to look at, winter quarters were thus made comfortable. The chief difficulty was to find wood to burn in the fireplaces, and this frequently had to be brought from a considerable distance. In the course of the winter all the woods in Stafi^ord County within five miles of Hooker's army disappeared, being used for logging the quarters for officers and men, but largely as fuel. Fire- places sometimes were made outside the tents or huts with an underground flue, covered with flat stones, and the chimney on the other side of the tent. This kept the ground dry and the tent warm, having much the same effect as a furnace in a city house. Chimneys were frequently made of barrels, but sometimes of logs. For the officers the same sort of thing on a larger scale was made. The great drawback to comfort was the smoke. The old proverb, " Where there is smoke there is sure to be some fire," was here reversed. Whichever officer had a tent with a fireplace that did not smoke was sure of plenty of visitors. A large log house at the southern extremity of the officers' street served as a guard-house. Log kitchens were built at the end of each company street, and men were detailed as cooks for each company. Before long everything that was possible was done to make the men comfortable while in camp. ■//, a iJ!<»x>vJ'. ^l^Ji'jy^ > <:\^ ^-'/'^^J^ ^^'■i^.ayrt^ — J2g (^^T^y^-^W^^ ^ V^^^^n-'J!*. ^-^2^^ 0, grade, to look out for promotions. Every colonel ex- Februaiv. , , i i • t ^ i pecteci to be made brigadier-general, and every line Promo- , 1 1 • £> • • 1 • tioiis. omcer was looking tor promotion in his own regiment, but more commonly in new regiments, which were being- organized in their State. Feb. 12, On February 12 the cavalry was reorofanized. The 18tja, eav- c\-\ ^• ' • " • • airyreor- 2d divisiou, Commanded by Brigadier-General \V. W. gamzed. . Averell, was made up of two brigades. The 1st brigade was commanded by Colonel A. N. Duffie, of the 1st Colonel A. Rhode Island cavalry. Colonel Duffie was a Frencli- istR. I. man, formerly an officer of the 4tli Chasseurs d'Africiue, cavalry. . "^ . . , _ ^ accomplished, enthusiastic, and popular. His brigade was composed of the following regiments : 1st Rhode Island, 4th New York, 6tli Ohio, 1st Massachusetts. Lieutenant N. Bowditch was detached to his staff: as acting assistant adjutant-general, and Lieutenant C. G. Davis was made acting aide-de-camp. Command- The 2d brigade of the division, commanded by Colo- cavairy ncl J. I. Gregg, of tlic 16th Pennsylvania cavalry, con- sisted of his own and the 4th and 16th Pennsylvania. The cavalry corps was now made into three divisions, and Brigadier-General George Stoneman put in chief command. The regular regiments, 1st, 2d, 5tli, and 6tli cavalry, were organized into a reserve brigade, com- manded by Brigadier-General John Buford, and relieved from picket duty. The 1st division, two brigades, was commanded by General A. Pleasonton ; the 2d, two brigades, by Brigadier-General Averell ; the 3d, by Brigadier-General D. McM. Gregg. From Colonel Duffie's brigade five hundred men were constantly on picket. Attempts were made to build stables for the horses in February, but they were never completed. corps HENRY LEE HIGGINSON Major and Brvt. Lt. Col, WINTER BEFORE FREDERICKSBURG. Ill The reorganized band made feeble efforts to play, mm, and the paymaster who came to pay off the reghnent, ^^'"'""'^''y- hearing them practicing, asked, " Who is dead ? " It soon made great improvement, and finally became well known for its excellence. On the 5th of February an expedition under com- An expedi- mand of Major S. E. Chamberlain, 1st Massachusetts, 1™''' inspector on General Averell's staff, consisting of a bri- Kjahan- gade of infantry, with artillery and the 1st Massachu- t^on. ^^''' setts, started out to destroy the bridge at Rappahannock Station, recently repaired by the Confederates, and guarded. The expedition camped at Grove Church the first night, after a march in rain which froze as it fell, and made things particularly nasty. In the mornino- it proceeded to guard all the lower fords of the river with the infantry and artillery, and the same day the cavalry, under Major Chamberlain, succeeded in destroying the bridges, after something of a fight, in which several men were killed and wounded on both sides. Colonel Curtis took one hundred and fifty men of the regiment to Elhs's Ford to make a diversion. This day the cav- alry marched forty miles. February 10, General Stoneman inspected the regi- Regiment ment. February 13, Captain Adams received as a iTGenSai present from Massachusetts an extraordinary imported ^*''"^°^^"- English bull-dog with a very open countenance, which he named " Mac," who proved a great favorite. Before spring several officers were detailed on staffs, officers and detached from the regiment. Colonel Sargent went '^'*^'*'''^- to Washington, on a court-martial ; Major Chamberlain, as inspector at division headquarters; Captain Motley to General Gordon's, and Lieutenant H. T. Davis to Gen- eral Devens's staff, as aids. Lieutenant N. Bowditch 112 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, February. Promo- tioiLs. Fitahugh Lee at- tacks the pickets at Hart wood Church. A court- martial. was detailed as assistant adjutant-general, and Lieu- tenant C. G. Davis as acting aide-de-camp, of Colonel Duffie's staff ; Captain Clapp was transferred to the adjutant-general's corps U. S. A., and assigned to Gen- eral Benham's staff. These details, and the officers who resigned to join the 2d Massachusetts cavalry, left the regiment with twenty-three vacancies on the roster. In consequence, promotions were made from the ranks, as follows : Orderly Sergeant Teague of company D, Sergeant Hayden of company E, Lombard, company F, and Sergeant-Major J. A. Goodwin, to he 2d lieuten- ants. Besides this. Captains Thayer and Batchelder, who were sick in the summer, continued so all winter, and never rejoined the regiment. Captain Thayer re- joined the regiment twice, but almost immediately his health broke down, and he finally resigned. Company F had been all winter at General Hooker's headquarters, as body-guard, but it rejoined the regi- ment before the spring campaign opened. On February 25 an attack on our pickets was made by Fitzhugh Lee, with 1500 cavalry. The whole out- post at Hartwood Church was driven in to the infantry picket line. The 16th Pennsylvania cavalry hajjpened to compose the force, and they behaved badly, and ran away. A court-martial was at once established to in- quire into the affair. This court found them guilty of deserting their post in presence of the enemy, and sen- tenced them all to death. This sentence was not car- ried out. The 16th Pennsylvania was a new regiment, with officers as inexperienced as the men ; and this fact afforded a reason, if not an excuse, for their behavior. There were captured from this regiment one hundred and fifty men, and six or seven commissioned officers, WINTER BEFORE FREDERICKSBURG. 113 besides many killed and wounded. The Confederate isfi.!, loss was three officers killed, and two officers and seven or eight men captured. Their loss occurred through a rash charge, which carried them too far. They met a reinforcement, which turned the tables. In the brigade there were two bands, one of the 1st Massachusetts, and the other of the 1st Rhode Island, both excellent and much appreciated. Colonel Duffie, on takinof command, instituted bri- Brigade ' . " ' . drills. gade drills, and by his zeal and knowledge did much to increase the efficiency of the brigade. His English ^ was far from perfect, and his attempts were interlarded with curious and novel expletives, which were very amusing. He won the confidence of all the command by his good nature and activity, and afterwards in the field did good service. When Lieutenant Bowditch was detailed assistant adjutant-general on Colonel Duffie's staff. Lieutenant H. P. Curtis was made adjutant of the regiment. Presents of clothingf and other useful thinofs came to Boxes , . . . ^. from the reo'iment durino; the winter from friends in Massa- honie. chusetts, and from the Sanitary Commission. Boxes of good things from home Avere fully appreciated, and were generally divided around quickly. Books were in demand. Both volumes of any book were seldom finished, so great was the borrowing demand. But one volume, it made little difference whether first or second, was better than none ; and literature was frequently devoured in this unusual manner. Among other home curiosities, Mrs. Harrison Gray Anoyei Otis sent Colonel Sargent a pair of socks, with the Con- so^cks! federate flag for bottoms, so that he should easily tread it under foot. 114 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. \m\ The companies of the regiment were filled uj) by enlisted and drafted men, and a new assignment of Regiment officers was made soon after Colonel Sargent returned tilled up •11 -ITT 1 • 1 1 by recruits ±rom court-martial duty at vVashinofton, the roster be- jind ton- . . "^ 1^111 scripts. ing as follows, m March, before taking the field : — Colonel H. B. Sargent. Lieutenant-Colonel G. S. Curtis. Major H. L. Higginson. Major S. E. Chamberlain, Division Inspector. Surgeon-Major James Holland. Assistant Surgeon H. H. Warner. Assistant Surgeon G. S. Osborne. Quai'termaster L. W. Knight. Commissary J. L. Brigham. Captains. A. B. W. Crowninshield. B. Montgomery Ritchie.* Lieut. D. H. L. Gleason commanding. C. Lieut. E. A. Flint commanding. D. C. F. Adams, Jr. E. H. P. Bowditch. F. T. L. Motley.* Lieut. G. M. Fillebrown commanding. G. John Tewksbury. H. L. M. Sargent, Jr. Lieutenants. E. R. Merrill. E. A. Flint. N. Bowditch.* F. W. Hayden. H. T. Davis.* G. H. Teague. C. G. Davis.* C. C. Parsons. G. M. Fillebrown. A. E. PhUlips. D. H. L. Gleason. J. J. Higginson. H. P. Curtis. C. A. Longfellow. * Detached. Mules for In Marcli all the wagons were taken away from the mais.^'" regiment, and to each company was given two mules for pack animals. WIN TEE BEFORE FREDERICKSBURG. 115 Sickness in the regiment, which during the winter i86;5, had averaged twelve per cent., towards the end of March averaged only five. March 28 General Hooker and staff visited the camp General and were received with immense enthusiasm by the men. Smpr'"" On the 29th the regiment was inspected by General Stoneman, and later by Colonel (Andy) Webb, and highly praised for its condition. The battle of Kelly's Ford, March 17, was a deliber- Battle of ate attempt to try conclusions with the enemy, for the & ' purpose of adding prestige, if possible, to our troopers, before the spring campaign. The Confederate cavalry, in force, was known to be a short distance beyond the ford. General Averell was selected to take an equal force, and after carrying the ford, protected by rifle pits, drive in the advance guard, and attack the enemy on his own ground. Averell had a force picked from his own division and the reserve brigade, and two bat- teries of horse artillery. He took across the river about 2000 sabres and eioht mins. His programme was carried out to the letter, and after driving the enemy back, he made them develop all then- force. The enemy's attacks were successfully repulsed, and Averell withdrew his force unmolested. It was a success, and showed all engaged what could be done. It was, so far, the best thing the Federal cavalry had accomplished, and paved the way for the success of 1863. In this battle were engaged three officers of the 1st ist Mass. Massachusetts cavalry, aU acting on staffs. Major afSy's Chamberlain was division inspector of cavalry, and chief Soutded. of General Averell's staff. Lieutenants Bowditch and Davis were acting on the staff of Colonel Duffie, com- 116 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, manding 1st brigade. All three of these officers were struck in the fight, Lieutenant Davis in the clasp of the sword belt, in the middle, doubling it up like a cup. Lieutenants Davis and Bowditch led a charge of cav- alry, and were engaged in a hand to hand fight with the Confederates. Lieutenant Bowditch greatly distin- guished himself in this charge, knocking out of their saddles three Confederates. His horse was killed, and Lt. Bow- he received three wounds. When lying on the ground Sify "'"'' helpless he was shot through the bowels, and mortally Tfte" " wounded, dying in the camp the next day, much re- iantrj%'' grcttcd by everybody in the brigade. He was a gallant and o^enial officer.^ Major Major Chamberlain, at the very beginning of the lain'" "^ battle, in crossing Kelly's Ford, was conspicuous in the in crossing attack, wliich was a difficult one, and Avhich he directed. The other side was held by a considerable force, pro- tected by rifle pits. The attack, at first, was unsuccess- ful ; and Lieutenant J. P. Domingo, 4th New York, was severely wounded, and Lieutenant Nicolai, 1st Rhode Island, was killed, two men killed and five wounded. The ford was then most gallantly carried by twenty men of the 1st Rhode Island cavalry, under Lieutenant Simeon E. Brown. Almost all the Confederates guard- ing the ford were killed, wounded, or captured, and Major Breckenridge, of Kentucky, of the 3d Virgnna cavalry, was captured. Major Chamberlain was shot through the nose, and through the left cheek, from which wound he came very near losing his life. In Averell's report of Kelly's Ford, with a plan of the battlefield and a list of casualties, Major Chamber- lain is mentioned for " distinguished gallantry." 1 See Memoir, privately printed. MAJOR ATHERTON H. STEVENS, JR. WINTER BEFORE FREDERICKSBURG. 117 The casualties were : — i863, Union. Killed — officers 1, men 5. Wounded — r^j^^ ^^ officers 12, men 38. Captured or missing — officers 2, "''^*'''^- men 20. Aggregate, 78. Confederate. Killed — officers 3, men 8. Wounded — officers 11, men 77. Prisoners — officers 1, men 33. Agfo-reof-ate, 133. Horses. Killed, 71. Wounded, 87. Taken by en- emy, 12. Aggregate, 170. It was remarkable that the only three officers of the istMass. 1st Massachusetts actively engaged in the battle should I'enn. at have been hit. The regiment itself remained on the Mar. i7. other side of the Rappahannock, and with a part of the 4th Pennsylvania was sent out under Lieutenant-Colo- nel Curtis to repel a threatened attack of some Confed- erate cavalry, supposed to be at Warrenton, and guarded the roads from that direction. No enemy was met, however, except a few Confederate scouting parties, by one of which Lieutenant F. W. Hayden was captured, Lt. Hay- /> T • • 1 ^^^ eap- and the re«;iment thus lost the chance of disting-uish- tured. ing itself in the first action of any account with the Confederate cavahy up to this time. Prisoners cap- tured were found to be armed with new EnoHsh revol- Confeder- J^ ate arms. vers, — Kerr' s patent, — and had ammunition recently made in Connecticut. The prisoners owned up to a defeat. Major Pelham, of the Confederate artillery, a very gallant and efficient officer, was killed in the fight. He was that day serving on a court-martial at Cul- peper, as was General J. E. B. Stuart himself. Both, summoned by the sound of the guns, went into the fight, and Pelham (a relation, by the way, of Major and Lieutenant Curtis) was killed while heading a charge. General situation in spring- CHAPTER VL SPRING CAMPAIGN, APRIL 12 TO JUNE 17, 1863. 1863, The cavalry was now properly formed into brigades and divisions. Better officers came to the front, and particularly in the regimental officers great improve- of 18G3. ment was attained, while the men learned the duties of the soldier pretty thoroughly. Kelly's Ford was the first battle of any importance between the cavalry of the two contending armies. It was not a very great affair, but they met face to face on smooth level ground, and although each side claimed the victory, the Union cavalry had the best of it. At any rate the battle had the effect of inspiriting a cavalry which had had no brilliant success up to that time. Sargent in When the cavalry took the field in the spring, Colo- of brigade; nel Sargent commanded the brigade, and the command regiment, of the regiment was assumed by Lieutenant-Colonel Curtis. If the same recuperation and reinforcement could have taken place with the horses as with the men and officers, the regiment would have been in first-rate shape. But, alas ! the wearing and never-ending picket duty of the winter made this impossible, and the horses were sadly out of condition when the camp was broken. The band had to be dismounted in order that their horses could be given to mount the troopers, and many men were left behind for want of horses not only in the 1st Massachusetts, but in all regiments. SFBING CAMPAIGN, 1863. 119 In March it was thought that the campaign would i863, very soon o^qw. Leaves of absence had ceased to be ^'" ' given early in the month, but they were again renewed Ready to the first of April, as the weather became less pleasant. ™^^^ ' All superfluous baggage was sent to the rear, and the troops were ready to take the field at a moment's no- tice. On the 10th of April the cavalry marched out to the To the Orange and Alexandria Railroad and took up position noTk.""^^"' along the Rappahannock River to watch the crossings. On the 20th of April, after many skirmishes with the Confederate cavalry who were on the other side of the river. Hooker's cavalry crossed the Rappahannock, but Crosses the came back again without a battle, and went to Warren- ''''^'^' ton, where they received supplies from Alexandria. It was a part of the spring campaign that our cavalry under General Stoneman should make a raid in the dh-ection of Richmond, and they prepared for it at this place. At this time Hooker, who had succeeded Burnside in the command of the Army of the Potomac, was plan- ning to cross the river in the face of Lee and attack him. All his dispositions were masterly, the act of crossing the rivers was ideal, to be followed by humili- ating disaster and muddle. It was a part of his plan that the entire cavalry force, under General Stoneman, stone- should cross the Rapidan and make an extensive raid 7lt in the country towards and to the south of Richmond, destroy all the bridges, railroads, and canals, rendering the country impassable to Lee's army, who should thus be cut off from his base of supplies and be at the mercy of Hooker's army when he should defeat him. But from the crossing of the river the cavalry was terribly 120 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1803, handicapped by a severe storm which caused the rivers April. 11111 to swell, and made the roads so dillicult that the artil- Faiiure of lerv had to be sent back. Instead of Stoneman cuttins: stone- / . » teiuiw/" ^^ "^^^ from his base of supplies, and destroying all the raid. roads, his progress was so slow that the Confederate cavalry came up with him, and, though net able to de- feat him, yet stopped him and prevented the accom- plishment of his plan. Causes of Indeed, from April 10 until the expedition did finally "re. cross the river, the very bad weather and constant suc- cession of rains had continually postponed the start. The whole force changed camp frequently, grew weary with marching and countermarching, used up its sup- plies, and became always less confident and able. The roads were difficult, and the expedition was seriously impeded by all these things before the start. The presence of this large body of cavalry became known to the enemy, who also collected his forces across the Rapidan in position to thwart the object of Stone- man. The damage done by it finally was not great, and a part had to go to Gloucester Point, to prevent being cut off. Rattle of The history of the battle of Chancellorsville need lorsviiie. not be repeated here. Everybody knows how Hooker's army, excellently organized, probably the best that ever marched in America, through Hooker's strange loss of power, was rendered helpless. Although a great part of it Avas not engaged, all had to recross the river after five days of severe fighting, suffering defeat by detail at the hands of an active and enter])rising enemy. Had Hooker kept his cavalry in hand as a part of his main army, Stonewall Jackson's flank march, which, so ad- mirably planned and executed, was the principal instru- SPRING CAMPAIGN, 1SG3. 121 ment of Hooker's defeat, would have been impossible ; ]sr,3, and the whole movement might have been as brilliant in result as the crossing of the Rapidan and Rappahan- it mifrht 1 , . . , , • -r» ( 1 liave been. nock, the organization, and the preparation. But Stone- man's cavalry, weary and unsuccessful, came in on the right flank, whence it had gone out, having accom- plished little or nothing but a tiresome march. May 2 the regiment recrossed the Rapidan and camped by Ely's Ford. The cavalry went back into its old camps with the All the • f 1 •! 1 /' T CI • IT aniiy in inhintry, and a terrible reeling or depression and disap- old camps 111 11 1 1 ajjain. pointment settled down upon all these troops, who two weeks before had marched out with confident anticipa- tion of success. A short pause now took place, which was ended by the development of Lee's plan of invasion, and by the cavalry battle at Brandy Station, June 0. The dismounted men of the cavalry corps were until Remount June organized in camps moved from place to place, first at Dumfries, then at Potomac Run, again at Dum- fries, and later at Alexandria. A tolerable system of remounting the men and sending them to their regi- ments was established. General Pleasonton paid per- sonal attention to the matter, and put efficient officers in command. The cavalry bureau was during the summer organ- ized at Washington, and the remount and refitting was accomplished on a large scale through this bureau. A large camp, fairly equipped, was located at Gies- "Camp boro Point, near Alexandria, and called " Camp Stone- man." All dismounted men were sent to that camp and were remounted, and from time to time sent back to their regiments. Such a camp offered many kinds of dissipation and demoralization to men temporarily in 122 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. April. Evils of the dis- mounted camp. Lieuten- ant Glea- son's fight on the Rapidan liiver. it, and many good cavalry soldiers became so demoral- ized as never to be good for anything again, while not a few never rejoined their regiments, procuring, fre- quently by dishonest means, a discharge or detail. No doubt this camp was better than nothing, but was very far from being what it should have been. Being close to Washington it allowed endless oj^portunities for dis- sipation of all kinds, and they were eagerly embraced. In all foreign armies a remount station is considered to be as important to the regiment as the men who are in the field, and if each regiment could have had at some refitting station a responsible officer to look out for its interests in this j)articular, much good would have re- sulted. Before the battle of Brandy Station, while Hooker's cavalry stood opposite Lee's, many fights occurred, in one of which Lieutenant Gleason, commanding company B, had a curious hand-to-hand encounter with a Confed- erate officer. In a letter home Lieutenant Gleason wrote as follows about it : — come an- iiounee- luent. [Lieutenant Gleason's letter about the May 1 fight.] Passed through Culpeper about twelve M., Thursday, April 30, 1863, and camped two miles from Rapidan Station. My squadron on picket, but I was left in camp. About ten in the evening I was An unwel- aroused by Lieutenant Wardell, adjutant, who said, " Colonel Sar- gent wants you to report to him at once." I was very tired, played out, and had just fallen into a splendid sleej). I protested vigorously, and Wardell answered as vigorously, both with suppressed tones as Colonel Sai'gent was close by. It ended, as it always did end, by my reporting as ordered. Colonel Sargent said, " Mr. Gleason, you know the weakest part of the picket line is usually where two regi- ments meet ; you will take two good men, well mounted, and go out and see that the vedettes are doing their duty, and that the whole front is well protected." I started with two non-commissioned ofli- SPRING CAMPAIGN, 1863. 123 cers of company B, and wandered about during the balance of the is(;:? night, dayiijht finding us at the extreme right or near Robinson's ^^^Y- Ford. We moved leisurely towards the centre, where the 1st Massa- chusetts was stationed, reaching Rapidan Station about seven A. M., May 1. Was told by the pickets that the rebels on the other side of the river were getting ready to charge across, and I gave orders how to dispose of the men to offer the best resistance, and then moved towards the supports, which were about one eighth of a mile back. Before reaching them the Johnnies came across, up the bank, and The rebels charged down the road towards our (1st Massachusetts) reserve, suddenly. They were met gallantly by our pickets, but pushed ahead as if noth- ing was opposed to them. JNIean while I was in the field on their right flank, the two men who had been with me all night joining the pick- ets. A fine rail fence was between me and the enemy, and I felt very comfortable and safe ; drawing my Colt, I fired six shots into A little or at them, then with a Smith and Wesson began a second round. I tke" ^^^'^~ am sure I don't know why I did n't kill lots of them, as I was vei*y cool and collected, at least I thought so. But they did n't any of them seem to drop, and suddenly five of them tore a hole through the fence and came after me. My security was at an end, and put- A home ting spurs to Dixie I headed for home, over a fence into another ^^^' field. Here I was confronted by a deep gully right across my path, and two rebels close at my heels. I turned to the right, gave my horse full speed, and came to the end of the gully, as one rebel reached the same point by cutting off an angle. I was about ten feet ahead, and had two shots left. I fired one, the other missed. Shov- ing the pistol into the holster, I tried to get at my sabre, but as my belt was on under my overcoat, I could n't get at it, and the rebel ordered me in choice language to surrender, or he would shoot. Un- consciously I had allowed my speed to slacken, and I could see into the empty barrels of his pistol. It struck me as being funny, threat- ening with an empty pistol. I said, " What, with that pistol ? " He replied, " Yes, d— you, it 's loaded." I laughed and said, ' I 've got two in my holsters in the same condition." Meanwhile he had ranged alongside on my left, and our horses were crowding each other as horses will when alongside. He was leaning as far as he Iland-to- could one way, and I the opposite. Then we clutched at each other ; counter.' I got his head across my breast, with my left arm under his chin, and with my right fist pounded him for all T was worth. He with 124 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, his pistol was striking blindly for my head, cutting a gash over both May. eyes, and knocking a finger-nail off ; during this time our horses were loping towards our lines. Behind was another rebel who could not keej) up. Now, my horse never liked to wet his feet ; approach- ing a large muddy place, while we were locked in the above loving embrace, both horses jumjjed, but not at the same time. The conse- quence was, both of us were dismounted. I sat flat in the mud with An iinex- beels elevated, while Johnny landed on the back of his head and uoument. shoulders ; his horse stood still, mine ran away, and here I was left sitting in the mud, in comjjany with two of the enemy. I lost my temper when I lost my horse, I fear. Any way, getting on my feet, my sabre was where I could get at it, and drawing it I went for those two rebels with a rush. In fact, there was too much rush (my rebel had again mounted), and neither horse would allow me nearer than ten feet of him. After a few plunges, both of them turned and left me alone in the mud. I fear I called them names, and used lan- guage that was not polite, as long as they were in sight. Then I ran for dear life, got over a fence, and sat down on a rock to rest and collect my thoughts. Joining my company a short time after, I found Lieutenant Higginson of company B had cliarged the rebel column, cutting off the two worthies who were with me, and the man nearest my heart was wounded by a carbine shot, and taken prisoner. I saw him the same afternoon, back some two or three miles, in a house ; his eyes and face were black and blue, and he looked as if Amenities he had been through a powder-mill explosion. I made him as com- fortable as I could, and left him. He asked me why I did n't sur- render when he ordered me to, saying, " If my pistol had been loaded I would have blown your brains out." "■ No doubt," said I, " but you would n't have been fool enough to tell me it was loaded if it had been." He was a second lieutenant in the 6th Virginia cavalry, and we both laughed when we compared our emotions and impulses; neither before had professed great skill as boxers, and neither was very proud of the result. During the fight he dropped his pistol, and we met on equal footing. I have the pistol now, and as I look at it, I can see the whole scene move before me like a pan- orama. The same day Lieutenant A. E. Phillips was shot from across the river and killed. SPRING CAMPAIGN, 1863. 125 On June 3 while Lieutenant Gleason with company B 1803, was watching White Sulphur Springs, on the Heclgman Lieutenant River, his pickets were driven in by a superior force from %iit near • IIP 11-iP Sulphur across the river, and he found himselr attacked by two Springs, ... Va. strono- squadrons of the 4th Virginia cavalry. He formed his men in the road and gallantly charged the head of the attacking column. His boldness and courage caused the retreat of the Confederate forces. Referring to his diary he gives the following account of this affair : — White Sulphur Springs, Virgikia, Tuesday, June 2, 1SG3. Went on picket at White Sulphur Springs with company B, thirty No more men, and Lieutenant Duchesney. We took with us two guidons, the q,j picket, first and last time I had them on this service. I placed the vedettes on two roads, Fox's Ford road, and Bealton, in shape of the letter A, the top heing near, and where they could command the ford and road to Warrenton. It was a very exposed position, and Reid of company B was captured on his post during the early part of the night, without firing a shot. The night was dark, and light rain at intervals. My headquarters were on the Fox Ford road, on top of the high hill, in the edge of the wood, and about one third of a mile from the Springs. June 3. Sprinkled a little in the morning, and again about 11.30, when Rebels one of the vedettes reported a body of rebels on the west side of the Hedgman River. I immediately mounted the men, gave orders to Prepare the vedettes to hold their ground as long as they could, and threw a skirmish line out at the foot of the hill under command of Lieuten- ant Duchesney, with orders, if attacked, to fall back slowly, covering both roads. I then rode to the top of the hill, where a perfect view could be had of the rebel forces. With my field glass I counted about four hundred men, in two squadrons, and what I took to be two old ai'my wagons. I then wrote a dispatch, in duplicate, to Lieutenant-Colonel Curtis, commanding regiment at Fayetteville, and sent the two men with guidons back. My diary says they crossed at 12.30. The rebels moved very deliberately ; they did n't seem in the least 126 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, June. Skirmish. Rebels ad- vance. Charge. Repulsed. Tliey Are rein- forced. Melee. hurry to begin business, and I thought, at one time, they would go to Warrenton without an attack. After they crossed they halted at the Old Hotel, sent a squad towards Warrenton with the wagons, threw out one squadron as skirmishers, the other in good supporting dis- tance, and advanced briskly. My pickets and skirmishers met them pluckily, and retired slowly, fighting every step ; the rebels also ad- vanced gallantly, and showed the best drill I ever saw from them. They kept their horses circling, and it was the prettiest sight I ever witnessed. Keeping well in line, at proper distance, the squadron in support, with squadron front, — it was like a drill. When they had advanced a few rods up the hill, I gave the order to fall back into the woods on the Fox's Ford road, with eight men rear guard. We had retired about one eighth of a mile, when we heard them yell and charge. It sounded like " hell let loose." We were at a walk. I wheeled the men by threes, as the road was too narrow for fours, returned carbine and pistol, drew sabre, and charged from a dead halt. There was about three rods distance between our forces, when we broke around the angle in the road, and met them. The yell died out, their mouths and eyes opened, and, while some fought, most of them tried to get out of it, and, for once in my life, I cut, slashed, and stabbed to my heart's content. We drove them out of the woods, down the hill, and, had it not been for their support, which came up promptly, and covered them, we would have had the best part of the first squadron prisoners. As it was, at one time we had more prisoners than we had men, but were obliged to let them go when the second squadron charged. This they did as soon as their own men were out of the way. However, they did not come into the woods again, but halted at the edge. My own experience was as follows : I did n't speak but once after the charge began, and that was to the officer who led the charge, Captain Owen, 4th Virginia cavalry. As I met him I gave him a cut across the forehead, and very cordially said, " Take that, you ," and passed on. Tlien a trooper tried to shoot me with his carbine, but fired too quick, shooting one of his own men through the body, dead ; and rising in his stirrups, he hit me a fearful blow on top of my head with his carbine, though I guarded as best I could, and no doubt saved a broken skull. My hat went off in this little difficulty ; and another fellow, before I had recovered from the first blow, hit me a cut with a sabre, on the right side of my head, BENJ. W. CROWNINSHIELD Major and Brvt. Col. U. S. V. SPEING CAMPAIGN, 1863. 127 which laid open the scalp about four inches, and knocked out a few 1863, pieces of bone. I have five little pieces now for keepsakes. This ''^^®- man was cut out of his saddle by Corporal Doyle, who was immedi- ately behind me. When we arrived at the edge of the wood, my horse Dixie was beyond control, and I went down the hill with the Dixie tries rebels, with Macdonald oi company B close at my heels. I sue- rebels. ceeded in turning my horse just as the rebel support charged ; but, they being at my left, I got back first. I ordered the men to let the prisoners go, and fall back down the road, which we did pretty lively. As we got near the place where we first charged, my horse stumbled, and threw me over his head. He got up first, and dragged Dismount- me about two rods, when I let him go. Corporal Poole was the only escape man near me. He wanted me to take his horse. I refused, and '^^P*'""®- told him to have the men rally at Fox's Ford. As I got on my feet, my hat, which the carbine friend knocked off, and the rebel captain's cap lay alongside me. I grabbed both, jumped into the woods, which were very thick, ran about two rods, stopped, took off my rubber coat which, as it began to rain, I had put on, unhooked my sabre, put my coat through sabre knot, and began to creep away from danger. Passing down a hill to the east, I came to a spring, feeling thirsty, a little weak, and generally used up. I lay down to drink. It was then I first learned I was wounded. As the blood Wounded, rushed to my head the pain was fearful. Taking off my hat I found my hair and wound full of sand. Washing it off as best I could, I crept back up the hill into the road, and to the jDlace where our headquarters had been, and then, not seeing or hearing anything, I crawled out to the top of the open ground, and saw the rebels at Rebs get White Sulphur Springs. Part of them went to Warrenton, the bal- and re- ance had crossed the river from whence they came. cross. My loss in this affair was Sergeant Preston and private Fitzpat- Losses, rick, prisoners ; myself wounded. The rebel loss, as reported by an old citizen-doctor, on the Eastham River, was eight killed and six- teen wounded. Five were buried just across the river, near the ford. Captain Owen, 4th Virginia, who commanded the expedition, was court-martialed. He reported that he was ambuscaded by a reg- iment, and told Preston he was a liar, when Preston told him our numbers. My horse received a bad cut on one fore leg, from some source, during the melee. 128 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 18(53, The battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863, called out the best effort of the greater part of General Pleas- Battle of onton's cavalry corps. All of his brigades were on the station, field, but it so happened that Colonel Duffie's second division went to the left after crossing Kelly's Ford, and only a very insignificant part of one of the bri- Tioops en- o;ades was enofaired. The rest of the division, two bri- 2"ades, was not enofaired at all : and the loss was com- paratively insignificant ; more than one half of the whole loss in the division this day falling upon two companies of the 1st Massachusetts cavalry. The main part of the fighting was near Brandy Station and Bev- erly Ford, the 1st and 3d divisions and the reserve bri- gade being the principal forces engaged. General D. McM. Gregg, at the battle of Brandy Station, com- manded the 1st and 3d divisions ; and he sent Colonel Duffie's division towards Stevensburg, expecting to find a large force of the enemy there. Disposi- Colonel Duffie, after crossing the ford, which was cavalry, scarccly defended at all, deployed his 1st brigade, com- manded by Colonel L. P. di Cesnola, the 1st Rhode Island being on the right of the road, the 1st Massachu- setts immediately on the left, the 6th Ohio further to the left of the road, a section of artillery in the road, and the rest of the artillery and the 4tli New York in reserve, and advanced straight up the road towards Ste- vensburg. His second brigade, commanded by Colonel J. Irvin Gregg, followed on after the others, not being deployed. The little force that was at the ford when the head of the column crossed, retreated on Brandy Station ; and, giving the alarm. General Wade Hampton, commanding at that point, sent towards Stevensburg the 2d South SPRING CAMPAIGN, 1863. 129 Carolina cavalry, Colonel M. C. Butler, and shortly af- ises, terwards the 4th Virginia cavalry. Colonel Wickham, which did not belong to his division, but happened to be in the vicinity. The 2d South Carohna, arriving on the hill near Stevensburg, was disposed, dismounted, on both sides o£ the road in a strong^ and commandino: position ; while in the road, under command of Lieu- tenant-Colonel Frank Hampton, was about a company, mounted, but kept well back, so as not to show its strenofth. As the first brigade of Duffie advanced, the dis- Dismount- mounted men, well protected, fired upon our men, who opeirfire"* were mounted, and made the advance uncomfortable, vanee. One carbine in the hands of a dismounted man under cover is certainly worth half a dozen in the hands of men on horseback ; and these men of Hampton, on our left of the road, were in the ruins of a larofe, burned building, a seminary, and delivered a hot fire upon the advance of the 1st Massachusetts, which was opposed to them. Coming to close quarters, the men of Captain Tewks- Our men bury's squadron, companies E and G, became impa- aSge"'' tient at the disadvantage of their position, and called out to Captain Tewksbury to order a charge. He told the men to remain steady ; but again calHng out, some of the men thought the order came from their officers, Charge be- and the squadron started to charge. The larger part of ourMdere. this and Lieutenant Higginson's squadron (companies A and B) were at the time deployed as skirmishers, and that squadron started immediately after Captain Tewks- bury's, and the charge was taken up by the 1st Rhode Island on the right of the road. But Captain Tewks- bury's men, by starting first, took the lead, and getting 130 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, June. 4 th Vir- ginia cut in two, and put to tlight. Captain Tewks- buiy un- horsed. Enemy at- tempts to form new line. into the road, brushed away the mounted men of the 2d South Carolina, killing Lieutenant-Colonel Frank Hampton and many of his men. It happened that the 4th Virginia cavalry was just coming on to the field, or rather, just getting into line of battle. They were taken, perhaps, at a slight disad- vantage on this account ; but this charge cut that regi- ment in two parts, one squadron being left to the right, and the other part of the regiment turned in the road and fled precipitately through Stevensburg and towards Culpeper, in utter confusion. All attempts of their offi- cers to rally them were unsuccessful, and Captain Tewks- bury's squadron, not numbering over eighty men, went through them like a whirlwind, capturing fifty-three prisoners, and killing and wounding a good many. Cap- tain Tewksbury himself was struck out of his saddle, but he was not hurt ; and getting on his horse again, led his men successfully. The men of the 2d South Carolina regiment, who had dismounted, took to their horses, and got to the rear in confusion, A^dthout wait- ing. Then with the squadron of the 4th Virginia, left on our right, Avhich at one time was quite surrounded by our men, but remaining hidden in the woods quietly was not perceived, they managed to retreat in the direc- tion of Brandy Station, and took up a new line across Mountain Run. Colonel Duffie brought up the rest of his brigade to the hill by Stevensburg, unlimbered his artillery, and fired upon whatever had been brought together of the 4th Viro-inia and 2d South Carolina, across Mountain Run. The very first shot was efi^ective, disabling two of Hampton's officers, as will be seen later in this account. Meanwhile, the men of the 4th Virginia, who had re- MAJOR CHARLES G. DAVIS SPRING CAMPAIGN, 1863. 131 treated down the Culpeper road, rallied and came back, i8G3, but did not effect anything. They followed Duffie at '^^' a safe distance as he withdrew his brigade. All the fighting there was, was in this first attack by one squa- dron of the 1st Massachusetts against all the Confed- erate force, two reo^iments. Colonel Irvin Gres-o-'s 2d brigade, which was in the rear of the 1st brigade, on hearing the fighting going on at Brandy Station, at the beginning of tlie fight, went in that direction, fol- lowing the sound of the guns. They, however, did not come to the field in time to take part in that engage- ment, and they were not engaged all day. They event- ually reerossed the river with the other brigade at Bev- erly Ford. While Colonel Duffie was preparing to charge the 2d Coi. Duffi^ South Carolina and the part of the 4th Virginia cavalry withdraw" which had retired across Mountain Run, and had issued ^^ady to the order for it, he received orders to withdraw his "^ ^""^^ forces, and marched to assist the other divisions, which were engaged near Brandy Station and Beverly Ford. Limbering up his guns, and retreating by the road on which he had advanced, he went to the left, towards the battlefield, which was at that time being hotly con- tested; but he got there too late to take part in the battle, and uniting with Irvin Gregg's brigade, he re- crossed the whole division, in the evening, at Beverly Ford. In his excellent book, McClellan, of General Stuart's Confed- stafl:', gives an elaborate account of this fight, explain- countsTf ing the movement of each one of the squadrons of the *^^ ''''*'*"'' 2d South Carohna and 4th Virginia, giving in detail the accounts of different officers. The principal feature of the fight was the running away of the 4th Virginia 132 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, cavalry ; and these elaborate explanations serve, per- haps, to throw a little dust in the eyes of the reader, but not to lessen the prominence of that event. The force which he speaks of as being in Stevensburg be- fore the fighting took place, which he says the 2d South Carolina drove out, Avas one battalion of the 6th Ohio cavalry, which was sent there to reconnoitre immediately after Duffie crossed the river. They simply retired be- fore the superior force. In McClellan's account of the battle at Brandy Sta- tion, he sums up the forces on both sides, and leaves the reader to believe that they were about equal. And he takes great pains to say that one brigade of his cav- alry was not in battle, except a part, dismounted. Now, Who were the fact is, that Duffie's Avhole division Avas not in the fight, except the two squadrons of the 1st Massachu- setts, as I have shown ; and the battery only fired a few shots. Russell's brigade of infantry, which was left at Kelly's Ford after Duffie advanced to Stevensburg, was not enofaofed. Duffie's division and Russell's brirade Losses. numbered tosfether 3393 officers and men. The loss of the whole brig-ade in this fiofht was four killed, eleven Avounded, and nine captured ; twenty-four altogether. Of these, sixteen were in the 1st Massachusetts. Of the captured in the 1st Massachusetts, one certainly was a man whose horse ran away into the Confederate lines. Nearly all the loss our men sustained occurred when ad- vancing against the 2d South Carolina, Avho were fight- ing on foot, and before our men were actually engaged. The 2d brigade casualties amounted altogether to only five. Sergeant Sherman, of company G, in a letter gives this account of Stevensburo- : — o SPRING CAMPAIGN, 1863. 133 We drew sabres and started on the charge, and there were only iggg between eighty and ninety men altogether in the squadron. Tlie J""«- rebels stood until we got within a few yards of them. I thought we Be^nni„. had got into a bad fix ; but before we got to them, they broke and '^f *^' '^^- ran like a flock of sheep toward the village, and we in amono- them ^^a^^e. usmg the sabre. I followed one man and called to him to surrender but he took no notice of it. I soon reached him and struck him be- tween the shoulders with the staff of the guidon. It knocked the breath out of him and he surrendered Going through the town the women were abusive. The rebels made two or three attempts at making a stand, but it was no use. We went through them like a whirlwind. Captain Tewksbury got knocked off his horse once, and remountmg shot the man that struck him. I saw a two-horse ambulance with two men on the seat drive out A capture of a yard ahead of us. Downing and I went for it, and after a lone, chase I finally forced the horses into a ditch which overturned the wagon and buried the two drivers in the ruins. It proved to be a hospital wagon full of stores, medicines, liquors, tea, coffee, etc. We cut the horses out, started them towards Stevensburg, and proceeded to help ourselves from the contents of the wagon, avoiding medi- cines. While doing this an orderly from Colonel Duffi^ came to re- call us, saying the woods just beyond were full of rebel cavalry get- ting ready to charge, and at the same moment our battery opened fire on them firing over our heads. AVe then saw a large force of rebel cavalry coming at a gallop, and lost no time in getting back to the town. The battery turned the rebels back. One man's horse ran away and carried him into the enemy's ranks, where he was made prisoner. The women in the town refused to have the rebel wounded in What the their houses saymg xt was a disgrace to the Confederacy to let a Eeht ..f small force hke ours drive four hundred of them. the'gt. ' McClellan, in his account of the battle of Brandy fetation, says, — eveTtsoTlelr T, T T"'"" '^"^^^ Stevensburg, where How the events of less magnitude, but of equal interest, were transpirin<.. "^r^^^^^- Colonel Hampton pursued the direct road to Stevensbui-.: and Sit. rneeting Lieutenant Broughton's party learned that a squad^n of the enemy had advanced through the town, and had again retired. 134 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, June. The Con- federate account. Explains the pre- sence of Federal cavalry. The Con- federate position. As Hampton's party, now numbering thirty-six men, reached Ste- vensburg, he found this squadron di'awn up in a position of observa- tion on the east side of the town. He immediately ordered a charge, which the enemy did not wait to receive, but retired in the direction of their main body. Colonel Butler had, in the mean time, led his regiment on a by-road to the east of Stevensburg, and reached the main road just in rear of this retreating squadron, the pursuit of which was continued past Doggett's house to the wide stretch of open field beyond, over which the enemy was seen advancing in force. Judging that the attack would be made from the open field north of the road, Butler withdrew his regiment to the line of wooded hills already described. It was necessary for him to occupy a line from Doggett's house to Hansborough's, a distance of nearly a mile, and to cover this line he had less than two hundred men. Leaving the thirty-six men under Colonel Hampton to act mounted on the road, Butler deployed the remainder of his regiment on foot along the line on the north side of the road. Colonel Hampton was ordered to charge anything which might assail him. It is now necessary to explain the presence of the Federal cavalry at this point. The column under General Gregg had effected an easy crossing of the river at Kelly's Ford between the hours of five and eight o'clock A. M., for it was opposed by nothing but Rob- ertson's picket, which retired toward his brigade in the direction of Brown's house, leaving General Gregg's advance entirely un- obstructed and unobserved. General Gregg left Russell's infantry brigade in the vicinity of Kelly's Ford, and pushed forward to Stevensburg the 2d cavalry division, 1900 men, under Colonel A. N. Diiffi^, of the 1st Rhode Island cavalry. Following Colonel Duffi^'s march as far as Willis Madden's, General Gregg turned the 3d cavalry division to the northwest, toward Brandy Station, where he made the attack. . . . Colonel Duffle's column continued to move toward Stevensburg. One squadron of his command entered the town without opposition, but retired on the main body when charged by Colonel Hampton. The position in which Butler awaited attack was well chosen. The woods concealed the smallness of his numbers, and even on the road the sloping ground prevented the enemy from discovering any but the leading files of Hampton's mounted detachment. The en- emy's advance was at first cautious, even timid. As Butler had an- SPRING CAMPAIGN, 1863. 135 ticipated, the first attempt was to break tlie line of his dismounted iggs men, on his left, and two such attacks were made; but both were J^^^'- repulsed by the close fii-e of his Enfield rifles. The enemy now turned his attention to Hampton's position, and prepared to carry it by a direct sabre charge on the road, supported by squadrons on either flank To meet this attack, Colonel Hampton dismounted Method of nearly one half of his men for the protection of his flanks, retainino- '^««t»;& , but twenty to meet the enemy's mounted charge. Between Hampt "" ton's position on the road and the nearest point of the line of But- ler's dismounted men was a considerable gap. At this juncture Colonel Wickham arrived with the 4th Virginia The 4th cavalry. He had been turned oflP from the direct road to Stevens- ^''^^f^^ burg by Captain W. D. Farley, volunteer aide-de-camp to General Stuart, and had been guided along the same obscure road by which Butler had advanced. He now found himself on the ri-ht of But- ler's dismounted men; the head of his column resting on the main road east of Stevensburg, just in rear of the position held by Hamp- ton's mounted detachment. The change in the direction of L march was most unfortunate, and was the real cause of the stampede which ensued. Had Wickham moved through Stevensburg, as he would have done had he not met Captain Farley, his regiment would have been in position to meet the enemy, whose advance might have been checked at the strong line occupied by Butler. The circum- stances in which Wickham was placed were peculiar. His own reo- iment was in a position where it was impossible for it to act, en- closed as it was in a thick pine copse, on a narrow by-road, where even a column of fours could scarcely move. It was therefore neces- sary to turn the head of his column westward, toward Stevensburg, and after thus gaining the main road, to wheel about by fours pla- 72 IT '" '""t '^"'""' ^' ^'^ ^^^P^^^^'^"^ ^'-^d^ V Butler, He who and the events which had already occurred, Wickham naturally ^f *f " hesitated to give orders either to Butler or Hampton until he could ' sur^^y the ground and bring his own regiment into action. 1 r T;f ^^P''^"^'^' ^on^manding the 2d South Carolina cav- alry after Colonel Butler was disabled and Colonel Hampton was killed in an appendix to his report dictated by Colonel Butler, states ^.a the command was turned over to Colonel Wickham by Colonel Butler and hat it was suggested that Colonel Hampton's position be strengthened by sharpshooters on the right, and by a mounted forcd* 136 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863 ir> the road. The communication between Butler and Wickham was '^""'^' made through Lieutenant-Colonel W, H. Payne, of the 4th Virginia. Adjutant Moore states that in a brief interview between Colonel Hampton and Colonel Wickham, Hampton requested that both his right and left be strengthened by squadrons of sharpshooters, and that Wickham promptly acquiesced, and moved back toward his regiment Precan- to give the necessary orders. Captain John D. Hobson, of company the rebels. ^i ^^h Virginia cavalry, has recently assured me that the squadron composed of his own company and Captain Strother's was put in on Hampton's left, and that being soon separated from the rest of the regiment these companies acted with the 2d South Carolina during a considerable part of the rest of the day. This agrees with Major Lipscomb's report, and also with Colonel Wickham's. While these arrangements were being made, the enemy was advancing a column on the road, supported by strong squadrons on either side, moving slowly, however, as they came under the fire of the few men dis- mounted on the road. The force of the enemy was so large that, in the opinion of both Adjutant Moore and Lieutenant Rhett, a charge by Hampton's twenty men, unsupported, would only have resulted in their destruction. Lieutenant Broughton informed Adjutant Moore that he delivered a message from Colonel Hampton to Col- onel AVickham to the effect that he (Hampton) would close back upon the 4th regiment so as to make a charge in solid column. At this moment the rear of the 4th regiment was emerging upon the Anunfor- road from the woods, and the order " By fours, right about wheel," ^unate or- ^^^^^ heard. Whether this command was given by Colonel Hampton to execute the movement contemplated in the message delivered by Lieutenant Broughton, or whether it was given by some officer of the 4th regiment so as to bring the faces of his men toward the en- emy, is entirely uncertain. The result was most unfortunate. Cajj- tain Chestnut and Lieutenant Rhett, at the head of Hampton's men, remained facing the enemy, to conceal, if possible, a movement which they felt must bring an attack upon them at once. But the enemy saw the wheel, and instantly ordered the charge. Colonel Hampton again ordered the right about wheel, and placed himself at the head of his men ; but it was of no avail. In a moment they were swept to the side of the road, and the full force of the charge fell upon the 4th Virginia. Colonel Hampton, while engaging one of the enemy "with his sabre, was shot through the body by another, and was mor- EDWARD A. FLINT Major and Brvl. Col . SPRING CAMPAIGN, 1863. 137 tally wounded. He succeeded in reaching the house of John S. Bar- i863, hour, west of Stevensburg, where he died that night. June. It cannot be a matter of surprise that the 4th regiment, under such circumstances, broke and ran. Had the regiment rallied quickly no blame would have attached to it. There was not a finer body of men in the service. They had frequently proved their valor on other battlefields, and on many subsequent occasions they confirmed their good reputation. But on this day a panic possessed them. A panic They did not respond to the efforts of their officers, and the enemy's pursuit was continued through the town of Stevensburg and beyond as far as Barbour's house, where Colonel Wickham and a few of his men threw themselves into a field on the roadside, and by the fire of their pistols checked further pursuit. Very few of Hampton's men continued on the road with the 4th regiment. Most of them gave way to the left toward the line of the dismounted men of their own regiment. Simultaneous with the charge on the road, a squadron of the enemy had attacked the left of Butler's line, which was held by Lieutenant Markert ; but this attack was readily repulsed, and Markert's line, still intact, offered a good rallying point for Hampton's men. Major Lipscomb's report narrates the events which now followed. He says : — " The enemy having gained possession of the road, and passed Major through Stevensburg on the road to Culpeper, the right of our line comb's re- fell back obliquely to the road leading from Stevensburg to Brandy P°^*'* Station. They were rallied and formed by Colonel Butler between Stevensburg and Norman's Mill ; but the columns of the enemy pouring out of the woods on his left, and threatening to gain his rear, compelled him to fall back beyond Norman's Mill, and take a new position on the hill near Beckham's house. Colonel Butler ordered me to hold my position, and if they pressed on the right to move in that direction. The firing on the right gradually got to my rear, and I was in the act of moving when Captain Farley, of Gen- eral Stuart's staff, brought to me a squadron of the 4th Virginia cavalry, with orders to hold my position. I immediately put all the riflemen in position. About half an hour afterAvards I received or- ders from Colonel Butler to retire with rapidity across Mountain Rebels Run. My line was extended, and by the time the riflemen were fallback, mounted, the right and left of our line had both fallen back across 138 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863 Mountain Run. Having sixteen dismounted men with me, I was '''^"^- oblioed to retire slowly to protect them. AVlien I reached the open field I found a column of the enemy on either flank, from three to four hundred yards distant, and also moving towards Mountain Run. Our artillery fired two shots, which fell near me, and which, I think, caused the enemy to take me for one of their own columns, as they did not fire on me until after I had crossed the Run." Butler had now secured a good position covering the road to Brandy Station, and where he might expect soon to be reinforced by the 4th Virginia cavalry. Moreover, he threatened the enemy's flank should he advance towards Culpeper Court House. The one gun which had followed Colonel Wickham from Brandy Station was now available, and Butler proposed to make a stand. But while in the road, side by side with Captain Farley, their horses' heads in Execution opposite directions, a shell from the enemy struck the ground near done by a ^ ricochetted, cut off Butler's right leg above the ankle, passed single ■/ ' ' o o . , shell. through his horse, through Farley's horse, and carried away Farley s leg at the knee. The Hon. John T. Rhett addresses his narrative, from which I have already largely drawn, to the Hon. M, C. Butler ; and thus describes a scene which for knightly courtesy and heroism cannot be surpassed. An inci- " After we crossed the stream, the enemy placed a gun in posi- dent of the ^j^^^ j^^ j^^j^ ^j^^^ ^f ^^g ^^^ While they were so doing you ordered us to retire. As we were moving off I was turned in my saddle looking backwards. I saw the artilleryman fire the gun, heard an exclamation, and saw that the shot had taken effect in the small group with you. Captain Chestnut and myself, with a few men, hastened to the spot. We first went to you, sending some men to aid Captain Farley. When we had placed you in a blanket you said to us, — " ' I wish that you two gentlemen, as you have placed me in the hands of my own men, would go and take charge of Farley.' "We went to Captain Farley, told him that you had sent us, took him out of a blanket, and placed him in an old flat trough. He was very cool, in fact pleasant and smiling, though evidently in great A brave pain. Just as we were about to send him away, he called me to him, and pointing to the leg that had been cut off by the ball, and which was lying near by, he asked me to bring it to him. I did so. He man SPRING CAMPAIGN, 1863. 139 took it, pressed it to his bosom as one would a child, and said, smil- i863, June, ing' — " ' It is an old friend, gentlemen, and I do not wish to part from it.' " Chestnut and myself shook hands with him, bidding him good- by, and expressing the hope that we should soon again see him. He said, — " 'Good-by, gentlemen, and forever. I know my condition, and A soldier's we will not meet again. I thank you for your kindness. It is a pleasure to me that I have fallen into the hands of good Carolinians at my last moment.' " Courteously, even smilingly, he nodded his head to us as the Meets his men bore him away. He died within a few hours. I have never seen a man whose demeanor, in the face of certain, painful, and quick death, was so superb. I have never encountered anything so brave from first to last." Duffie's division [brigade], now far sejjarated from the rest of the Federal cavalry, and recalled by repeated orders from General Gregg, did not press the advantage gained, but retired from Ste- vensburg in the direction of the railroad, where it effected a junc- tion with Gregg's division, and recrossed the Rappahannock at the railroad bridge. Of the battle of Brandy Station, further on, McClel- lan says : — The severity of the fighting during this day is shown by the losses Severity of sustained in both commands. The total Confederate loss was 523 j ® bgbt- officers and enlisted men. As trophies of the fight there remained in Stuart's hands three pieces of artillery, six regimental and com- pany flags, and 486 prisoners. The total Federal loss was 936 officers and enlisted men. Colonel J. Kiljiatrick and Colonel P. Wyndham, commanding the two brigades of Gregg's division, each claim the capture of a Confederate battle-flag and of General Stuart's adjutant7general. Stuart did lose his aid, Lieutenant Goldsborough, who was captured while attempting to return to Brandy Station from Stevensburg ; but the report of the capture of the adjutant is a mistake. The forces engaged were, on the Federal side, three divisions of cavalry, consisting of twenty-four regiments, and two brigades of 140 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 18G3, June. The forces engaged, iiccording to Confed- erate au- thorities. Confeder- ate com- ments on the re- sults. This fight made the Federal cavalry. infantry, consisting of ten regiments ; numbering in all, according to General Pleasonton, 10,981 effective men. All of these troops, except Russell's brigade of infantry, were more or less engaged in the battle. On the Confederate side there were five brigades of cavalry, containing twenty-one regiments, one of which was absent on picket duty, and not within reach of the battlefield. On the monthly return for May 31, 1863, these five brigades and the horse artillery reported an effective total of 9536. The fighting on this day was done almost exclusively by fifteen regiments, — five of Hampton's, five of Jones', four of W. H. F. Lee's, and one of Fitz Lee's. Three squadrons of sharpshooters from Fitz Lee's brigade were engaged, late in the afternoon, on the Confederate left. Rob- ertson's brigade was not engaged at any time during the da}-. General Robertson moved promptly to the suppoi't of his picket at Kelly's Ford, and discovered the movement of Gregg's division toward Stevensburg. He reported the facts to General Stuart, who was probably four miles distant, and asked for instructions. Mean- while Gregg pursued his way unmolested. The number of guns employed on either side was probably nearly equal, although the advantage of position was generally with the Confederates. The results claimed by Federal writers as following from this bat- tle seem extravagant. The information which General Pleasonton obtained was positive, as far as it extended, but after all was meagre. He developed the presence of the Confederate cavalry, and of a portion of the Confederate infantry at Bi-andy Station.^ Beyond this he learned nothing. Certainly General Hooker does not credit him with having penetrated General Lee's designs ; for on the 12th of June he uses the following language in orders addressed to the commanding officer of the 1st corps : " In view of the position of affairs on the right, the absence of any specific information as to the objects, movements, and purposes of the enemy," etc., etc. Sub- sequent correspondence contained in General Hooker's testimony before the Committee on the Conduct of the War shows that uncer- tainty concerning General Lee's intentions existed both at Washing- ton and at General Hooker's headquarters, as late as the 21st of June. One result of incalculable importance certainly did follow this battle, — it made the Federal cavalry. Up to that time con- 1 But see next page. MAJOR AMOS L. HOPKINS SPRING CAMPAIGN, 1863. 141 fessedly inferior to the Southern horsemen, they gained on this day iggs, that confidence in themselves and in their commanders which en- "J'^i^- abled them to contest so fiercely the subsequent battlefields of June, July, and October. . . . The assertion that Confederate infantry was seen debarking from the cars in the vicinity of Brandy Station has no better foundation. General EwelFs report and the rejiorts of General Rodes and his subordinate commanders show that Ewell's corps marched to Stu- art's assistance from a point on the Rlxeyville road four miles north of Culpeper Court House, by way of Botts' farm, to Brandy Sta- tion ; and that Rodes' division, which was in advance, did not reach Barbour's house until Pleasonton and Buford were in the act of re- tiring. The battle of Brandy Station was, in fact, a recon- it was a « 1-111 IT? ■• recoimois noissance ni torce, which developed Lee s preparations sance in to invade Maryland. McClellan claims that only fifteen regiments were engaged on Stuart's side. He forgets Munford's brigade, who came up late, and also assumes that all of Pleasonton's regiments were used in the battle, which was not the case. Of the 2d division, which went to Stevensburg, only the skirmish line was engaged, and a very few shots from the battery. He denies that Confederate infantry was seen, but owns it was sent for, and came up, tao. Williams's infantry brigade was engaged only very slightly. McClellan goes into great detail in his account. It is impossible to reconcile the different accounts he quotes, and much of the events of June 9 will always remain doubtful. The Brandy Station fight was severe for a part of Effect of the troops engaged, and the moral can be quoted from * **" ^ *' McClellan: "It made the Federal cavalry." At Stevensburg the two Confederate regiments, of 142 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, course, saw the brigade coming to follow up the skir- mishers, but they did not wait for them to get to close Unusual quarters. They ran from the skirmishers' charge, and of discre- the affair was soon over. Nothing could have been im- vaior. proved in our attack, but it was a small affair. The enemy showed an unusual admixture of discretion with their valor on this occasion. CHAPTER VII. BATTLE OF ALDIE, JUNE 17, AND GETTYSBURG CAM- PAIGN, TO AUGUST 1, 1863. After crossing the river June 9, General Pleasonton iscr,, reorganized his eavahy, near Warrenton, as follows : — Cavalry Corps : Brigadier-General Alfred Pleasonton. Organiza- 1st Division : Brigadier-General John Buford. Pleason- 1st Brigade : Colonel William Gamble. *^'^ *^^^- 8th Illinois, 8th New York, 12th Illinois, 3d Indiana. 2d Brigade : Colonel T. C Devin. 6th New York, 9th New York, 17th Pennsylvania, 3d West Virginia. 2d Division : Brigadier-General D. McM. Gregg. 1st Brigade : Brigadier-General Judson Kilpatrick. 1st Massachusetts, 2d New York, 4th New York, 6th Ohio. 2d Brigade : Colonel J. I. Gregg. 1st Maine, 4th Pennsylvania. Reserve Brigade : Major S. H. Starr. 6th Pennsylvania, 1st, 2d, 5th, 6th United States. On the 16th the corps marched up the railroad to Manassas, ahead of the infantry. On June 17 the regiment marched with the cavalry- corps from the Orange and Alexandria Railroad across the Bull Run battlefields, and struck the Little River turnpilte about half past two in the afternoon, in the neighborhood of a few houses, which composed the vil- 144 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, June. Squadron ordered to develop enemy's force. Ordered not to go beyond a certain point. Failure to observe orders. lage of Aldieo Kilpatrick's brigade was in advance and nearest the town, and a halt was made. After waterins: its horses in the stream near the town, the regiment crossed it, and was drawn up in col- umn of squadrons, Avhen some firing took place from behind a stone wall by the village. General Kilpat- rick with his staff rode up, and ordered Lieutenant-Col- onel Curtis to send some men up to find out what force of the enemy was there. Captain Sargent's squadron (companies H and F) Avas the one designated for this duty, and after sending forward the first platoon, under Lieutenant Fillebrown, in skirmishing order against the enemy. Captain Sargent himself followed with the rest of the squadron. Colonel Curtis's instructions to Captain Sargent, in accordance with those received from General Kilpat- rick himself, were to drive the enemy off the hill, but not to go beyond a house which he pointed out. Lieutenant FillebroAvn's platoon advanced under fire, rapidly obliquing to the left towards the road, and drove away what appeared to be a force of about thirty men. As these men retired, their strength became greater, for they were the picket of the 2d Virginia cav- alry, which had been nearly all day posted at Aldie, to watch the country to the eastward, and they were rein- forced by their reserve. Captain Sargent's squadron came up with Lieutenant Fillebrown's platoon, and the whole squadron at once charged the enemy, driving them before them. In the heat of the charge. Captain Sargent forgot to stop at the house indicated, and pur- sued the enemy beyond. Colonel Curtis, at the head of the rest of the regiment, seeing this, ordered Major Higginson to go up and stop him. Major Chamberlain, ALDIE: GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 145 just returned from sick leave, but not reported for duty, iskj, was present with the regiment, and went with Major Higginson, and the two came up to the head of the impm- squadron while they were on the charge ; the blood of pursuing- all being up, and the men at a sharp gallop, they were all carried forward, and the halt was not made at once, but was finally effected. They had driven the one squa- dron of the enemy back upon its reserves, and when our men halted and went very slowly back to rally the squadron, the enemy in turn advanced, and charged Enemy down upon the retiring party. This attack was proba- turn, bly made by the 5th Virginia cavalry, Colonel Rosser, just coming on the field. In the confusion of the charge, as the enemy dispersed in scattered parties, our men also scattered in pursuit ; and on the retreat, there were together in the road Major Higginson, Captain Sargent, Lieutenant Fillebrown, Sergeant Martin, and one private. These retired slowly, firing as they went, and the enemy, in superior numbers, with officers at the head, charged upon them, and a fight at close quarters took place in the road. Major Higginson's horse was so badly wounded that he could carry him no further, and this little party of the 1st Massachusetts stayed to protect Major Higginson and repel the enemy, and were at once engaged in a hand-to-hand encounter. Almost immediately all five of them were wounded : a disas- Major Higginson in three places, by a pistol shot and sabre wounds; Captain Sargent was apparently dead, lying upon his side, with blood streaming from his mouth, quite unconscious; Lieutenant Fillebrown was shot through the body, as was also the private, and Ser- geant Martin was cut over the top of the head with a sabre. The rest of the squadron, meanwliile, was ral- trous out- come. 146 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, June. Part of squadron cut off from regi- ment. Eludes capture. Wounded men brought off. Wounds not mortal lying, and under the charge o£ Lieutenant Parsons, the only remaining officer, again charged and dispersed the enemy ; but in doing so, they were cut off from the main body of the regiment. When Lieutenant Parsons looked around to effect his retreat after the charofe, he found the enemy in his rear and also in his front. The enemy in his front proved to be the two regiments, the rest of the 2d and tlie 3d Virginia cavalry, who had been getting forage on the Snickersville pike, some two or three miles away. Hearing firing, they came back at a rapid gait. Between these two forces. Lieutenant Parsons had no alternative but to break off to the ria'ht into the woods, and by making a long detour he suc- ceeded in getting his men off, and came in by the river, bringing two prisoners with him. Towards the very end of the battle he was brought up by Colonel Curtis, to Avhom he reported, to the house, which was a promi- nent feature in the fight, and where, dismounted, the men used the carbine effectively. Lieutenant Fille- brown and Sergeant Martin, both badly wounded, made their way on foot, the sergeant leading the two horses through the woods, and came out at very nearly the same place that Lieutenant Parsons brought his men ; the lieutenant was placed in a house in Aldie, where were collected a great many wounded men, as well as Major Higginson, wdio had recovered consciousness, and managed, with help, to get back. Captain Sargent was picked up in the road and taken into a house (that of Mr. Furr), where he was kindly cared for, and subse- quently was taken by an ambulance with the rest of the wounded. His w^ound at first seemed to be mortal, but proved comparatively slight, the bullet having gone round his body, and in a few weeks he was w^ell again. /ViAJOR GEORGE H. TEAGUE ALDIE: GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 147 The Confederate cavalry thus became aware of the i8G3, situation before it was clear to General Kilpatrick that he was engaged with so large a force, and it was of the Enemy greatest advantage to Colonel Munford and his men, as situation. it enabled them to anticipate and overpower the infe- rior numbers at first encountered before reinforcements could arrive. Kilpatrick's brigade was not concen- Kiipat- rick s I116II trated. A part of the 1st Maine was absent, and only not concen- . . trated. came late on the field; and a long time intervened be- fore he could unite his reo^unents on the field. But meanwhile, the four squadrons of the 1st Massachusetts ist Massa- -. . T 1 • chiisetts were engaged at the greatest disadvantage against very outnum- superior forces, which came up to the attack from dif- ferent points at the same time. The picketing force was already in position from the beginning. The 5th Virginia came at once to their help from the Middle- burg road, and was followed closely by the 4th Virginia and the battery, while the 2d and 3d Virginia, which had previously gone up the Snickersville road for for- age, came back by that road. The 1st Virginia was also present on the Middleburg road. McClellan claims that it was not engaged. It was there, and not far away was another brigade, that of W. H. F. Lee. Captain Sargent's squadron, as we have seen, was cut off from Aldie by the 5th Virginia. The squadron again faced about and charged a squadron of this force, Unsuccess- and captured two men. But not being able to open its ontheTn-^ way back, it went off the road to its right, seeing the 2d and 3d Virginia rapidly coming down the Snickers- ville road in its front to take part in the battle. Captain Tewksbury, ordered up to support Captain Sargent's squadron, found himself at once in front of a ^rong party of the enemy (the 4th and 5th Virginia), emy. 148 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. ]8Gr,, which he prepared to char driving our men in confusion through the woods. Thirty of Captain Adams's squadron who were preparing to fight on foot were here captured, as they could not reach their horses in time to get away. An attempt was made to form a new line a little way in the rear. As soon as our other regiments came on the field, the 1st Maine and 2d New York made gallant and successful charges. The enemy returned them, and each side was successively reinforced. In all, on the The forces • ^ ^ ^ n • -i engaged. Federal Side, there were engaged five regiments : ist Massachusetts, 1st Maine, 2d New York, 4:th New York, and 6th Ohio, and a battery (Randol's) ; and on the Confederate side five : the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th Vir- ginia, and a battery (Breathed's). The battle The battle itself was a surprise to both sides. For a whole week the cavalry of the two armies had not been in contact. Lee had sent his to the east to cover the movement of the main body of his army towards Mary- land. Hooker, aware of this, was marching his army north, keeping between Lee's army and Washington, and ordered his cavalry ahead and along the Bull Run mountains on the east side, to give him warning of any A chance movement of the enemy in that direction. Apparently, collision. "^ after losing the touch, each general became uneasy ; and, with the desire to learn the whereabouts of his adversary, the advance of the two corps of cavalry Where- l^rouffht them together at Aldie. Stuart's headquarters a bouts oi o ~ PieLmr'^ were then at Rectortown, to the westward, where he was **'"• with the main body of his cavalry, guarding the passes throuQ-h which Lee was crossing into the Shenandoah a surprise. JAMES HOLLAND Surgeon Major ALDIE: GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 151 Valley. Pleasonton was already northwest of Washing- ises, ton, and in a position from which he could easily cross the Potomac or advance into Loudoun valley, as he did the day after Aldie, driving Stuart's men in disorder into the passes of the Blue Ridge in the ensuing bat- tles. The battle of Aldie was a success for our arms. The ^^^^^^, success lor battlefield was held, and the road gained leading into °'''" ''''"'^• Loudoun. The field was dearly won. Being the at- tacking party, the Federal loss was greater than the en- emy's. To the 1st Massachusetts it was a bloody day, Bloody ■1,.,. J J ^ flay f or but not an niglorious one. Many were killed and many jje ist were captured. In the up-hill contest the men showed ««"s- how they could meet death without flinchino-. Beino- engaged by squadrons, under no general command, over- powered by numbers from the very beginning, it was an awful strain, and it was well met by all. There were some bright episodes. One was the capture of the col- Capture of P ,;-.,, 7-. . , ^ colors oi ors ot the 5th Vu-gnna cavalry by Corporal Ordway of ''-J^J"" company E. It was not in a hand-to-hand conflict, but the result of a charge, in which the color-bearer was killed and the colors were taken from his dead body. They were for years at the State House at Boston. Just as the enemy drove Captain Adams's and Cap- tain Tewksbury's squadrons from the field, guidon- bearer Sherman of company G took, also, the guidon of company E, as the color-bearer was wounded. In the retreat he was followed by about thirty-five men of the 3d Virginia, including several officers. They wanted the guidons. Mounted on a strange horse, his own weT' having been disabled, the sergeant ran for his Hfe and cXrs.^' his colors, followed by all the party. Not knowing where the way led, he dashed through the woods, and 152 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, was fired at all the way. The horse proved a good ^^' one, and he finally got away, saving the colors and cap- turing the officer in pursuit, whose horse fell and broke his neck in jumping a fence. On bringing his pris- oner out of the woods he met the whole party that had been pursuing him. They had been captured by the 2d New York. A fight of Perhaps more veterans followed the colors into battle ve eranb. ^^ ^\^^q than at any time during the war. The men could hardly be called veterans before the 1863 cam- paign opened, and afterwards the proportion of new men and recruits was always greater. And in the 1864 campaign a whole battahon of new men lessened the efficiency of the regiment. Number ^^ Aldic the rcg-iment had four squadrons, — eight engaged- <-' * companies, — and altogether a little more than three hundred men, nearly all of whom were well-trained and efficient. The Confederates retreated finally towards Upper- ville, leaving the battlefield to Kilpatrick. That even- ing a party buried all the dead of the regiment, twenty- three in number. As we have said, Captain Sargent's A remark- wouud provcd uot to be mortal. Lieutenant Fille- tJ^uiui. brown's wound was remarkable, the bullet passing through the bowels and out behind, without wounding the intestines, and although he soon recovered, he was never after fit for active service. Major Higginson still bears on his right cheek as handsome a sabre wound as any brave soldier ever had. Sergeant Hart of com- pany B, a most gallant soldier, received seven wounds, from the effects of which he died some days after at Alexandria. In this battle the reo^iment lost : — ALDIE: GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 153 Officers. Men. Total. i863. Killed (Lieutenant Hugh Carey). ^ 1 23 24 •^'^"®- Wounded (Major H. L. Higginson, Captains L. M. Sargent, C. G. Davis, Lieutenant G. M. Fille- brown). 4 38 42 Prisoners (Lieutenants C. G. Davis, J. J. Higginson, L. N. Duches- ney). 3 85 88 Total 8 146 154 The battle of Aldie has been difficult to understand m all its details, and particularly the part borne by the 1st Massachusetts. This is largely due to the fact that two of the four squadrons acted independently. The 1st Maine, the 2d New York, and the 6th Ohio Eeinforee- put a different face on the battle, and the enemy was tunied the gradually, and after desperate fighting, pushed back to- ^^^ ^' wards Middleburg. The account of this battle, given by McClellan in his book, makes what occui-red much clearer. Where he refers to " the great number of Yankees killed," he unquestionably alludes to the sur- prise of Lieutenant Davis's squadron. His account is as follows : — After the battle of the 9th of June, Longstreet remained at Cul- Move- peper Court House, while Ewell pushed forward into the valley and troops " conducted those movements which resulted in the capture of Mil- .^^"ch ^ broiig-ht on roy's command at Winchester. On the 15th of June Longstreet the colli- moved from Culpeper to occupy Ashby's and Snicker's gaps, in the Blue Ridge, and Stuart placed three of his brigades, Fitz Lee's, W. H. F. Lee's, and Robertson's, in advance, and on the right of his column. Jones's brigade and Hampton's were left to guard the line of the Rappahannock until A. P. Hill's corps had passed northward. The movements of the cavalry did not bring Stuart in collision with the enemy until the evening of the 17th, when a severe engage- 1 Lieutenant Carey was not mustered in as lieutenant when he was killed, but had been promoted and had acted as lieutenant for some time. 154 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. ■1863 ment took place at Aldie. Fitz Lee's brigade, under Colonel Thomas June. rp J^J^„Jfol.J ["igt^ 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th Virginia regiments], had been sent forward to occupy the gap in the Bull Run Mountain at Aldie ; while Colonel J. R. Chambliss, with W. H. F. Lee's brigade [6th, 9th, and 15th Virginia regiments], reconnoitred toward Thoroughfare Gap. Robertson was held near Rectortown, so as to move to the as- sistance of either as occasion might demand. Early on the morning of the 17th, Colonel Munford, with the 2d and 3d Virginia cavalry, moved from Upperville through Middle- burg, and having established his picket posts east of Aldie, crossed over to the Snicker's Gap road, and proceeded with these two regi- ments to prociu'e corn at the house of Mr. Franklin Carter, about a mile distant. He expected to encamp that night in the vicinity of Aldie. Colonel Williams C. Wickham, with the 1st, 4th, and 5th Virginia cavalry, the remaining regiments of the brigade, had moved from Piedmont through Middleburg and was about to place his men Colonel in camp at Dover Mills, near Aldie. The 5th regiment. Colonel counters"" Thomas L. Rosser, which arrived some little time after the 1st and our troops. 4tii^ ^yj^g directed by Colonel Wickham to pass beyond Dover Mills, and select a camp nearer Aldie. In so doing Colonel Rosser en- countered the enemy, who was rapidly driving back the pickets es- tablished by Colonel Munford. The force of the enemy making this attack was the 2d cavalry division, commanded by General D. M. Gregg, and accompanied by Major-General Pleasonton. General Kilpatrick's brigade, consist- ing of the 2d New York, 1st Massachusetts, 6th Ohio, and 4th New York regiments, supported by the 1st Maine cavalry, from Colonel J. I. Gregg's brigade, and by RandoFs battery, appears to have done all the fighting. The two other brigades of General Gregg's division were closed up within supporting distance. Federal The arrival of Rosser's regiment was most opportune. By an im- checked mediate sabre charge he drove back the enemy's advance ui)on their by sabre niain body in the town of Aldie. Having relieved the pressure on the pickets, Rosser stationed his sharpshooters, under Captain R. B. Boston, on the right of the KSnickersville road, where a number of haystacks afforded some protection, and held the remainder of his small regiment ready for their support. Colonel Munford in the mean time arrived in person, and stationed Lieutenant William Wal- ton, of the 2d Virginia cavalry, with the reserve picket, fifteen men, ALDIE: GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 155 behind a stone wall on the left of the Snickersvllle road, with orders iges to hold his position against any odds until the 2d and 3d regiments J^^^e. could come to his assistance. In the mean time, and while Colonel Wickham was stationing the 1st and 4th regiments and Breathed's battery to dispute any advance on the Middleburg road, Rosser, sin- gle-handed, had met and repulsed two charges which were made upon Captain Boston's squadron; and believing that he could be maintained there with advantage, had ordered Boston to hold his position at all hazards. The result proved that this disposition was unfortunate ; for during the subsequent heavy fighting Boston was so far advanced as to be beyond the reach of support, and he and his squadron were captured. During all this time there was no force on the loft of the Snick- Federal ersvdle road except the picket posted by Munford behind the stone ''^^f ^^ wall. Munford therefore moved Rosser's regiment and the 4th ^ Virginia cavalry, with one gun from Breathed's battery, so as to command this road, leaving Colonel Wickham with the rest of the guns and the 1st Virginia cavalry on the Middleburg road. In the mean time the enemy pressed heavily on Lieutenant Walton. He had repulsed two mounted charges, but being outflanlced by dis- mounted men, had been withdrawn about fifty yards behind a house and orchard, in which position he commanded the only opening through which the enemy could attack. Here three distinct charges were met and repulsed in counter-charges by the 5th Virginia cav- alry, by the 3d squadron of the 4th regiment, led by Lieutenant A. D. Payne, and by the 2d and 5th squadrons of the same reo-iment led by Captain W. B. Newton. These were the only squadrons of this regnnent present at this battle, the 1st and 4th squadrons hav- ing been detailed early in the day to accompany General Stuart. In each of these charges the enemy had suffered severely at the hands of Lieutenant Walton's sharpshooters, who poured volleys into their Murderous Hank as they passed him in advancing and in retiring. As Walton's f^l °* party was, however, evidently small, the enemy determined to dis- '^^^t'^^s. lodge him, and was preparing a considerable force for another at- tack, when the 2d and 3d Virginia cavalry reached the field. Two squadrons of sharpshooters were at once dismounted and placed on the left of the road : the squadron from the 2d regiment under Cap- tarns Breckinridge and Graves, that from the 3d regiment under Captain George D. White. Their line was advanced to the stone 156 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, wall from which Lieutenant Walton had heen withdrawn. Colonel ^^^- Munford now felt that his position was secure against an attack of cavalry, and there was nothing he more desired than that the enemy should wear himself out against it. His flanks were secured by the Little River and its tributaries. The enemy must necessarily attack Position of his front. The road by which it was ap^jroached was worn, as it shooters, ascended the hill, into deep gullies, which compelled an attack in column of fours and prevented the enemy from spreading out his front. Munford's strong party of sharpshooters commanded the road. They were stationed in an enclosed field, with a stone wall in their front, a post and rail fence on their right, and another fence on their left. The fences to the rear were thrown down so as to give the cavalry access to the field. Munford felt that unless his cavalry failed in their duty, his dismounted men were perfectly secure. Hand-to- The 2d Virginia cavalry, led by Lieutenant-Colonel J. W. Watts, fight. ■'low charged the advancing enemy, who had penetrated beyond the position of the sharpshooters. The heads of the columns met in the narrow road in a hand-to-hand sabre fight. While this was in pro- gress, Captain Jesse Irving threw down the fence on the right of the road, and bringing his squadron to the front, opened fire on the ene- my's left flank. Cajjtain W. W. Tebbs executed a similar move- ment on the left of the road, while the sharpshooters were all the time firing into the enemy's rear. Their attack was completely broken, and their leading squadron almost destroyed. Another sup- port moved up during the confusion, but was met and repulsed by Colonel Rosser. Li this fight Lieutenant-Colonel Watts was wounded and permanently disabled. The command of the 2d regiment de- volved on Major Cary Breckinridge, who moved the regiment off to the right to reform, carrying Avith him Colonel Louis P. Di Cesnola and the colors of his regiment, the 4th New York cavalry, (ith Ohio During all this time Captain Boston, of the 5th Virginia cavalry, Captain had been holding the haystacks, far in advance of his friends, where men " Colonel Rosser had placed him with such stringent orders. He was beyond the reach even of a recall, but had been doing his utmost to aid in the fight. He was now charged by the 6th Ohio cavalry, un- der Lieutenant-Colonel William Stedman ; and after losing three of his oflficers, including his junior captain, and a third of his men killed and wounded, he surrendered to the odds brought against him. ALDIE: GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 157 The Federal cavalry Avere determined to carry the position if it i863, •were possible, and another charge was speedily organized. This was met by the 3d Virginia cavalry, led by Colonel T. H. Owen, The most who took the road, supported on his right by the 2d regiment and charge o£ on his left by the 5th. The sabre was the weapon used, and the * ® ^^^' enemy was again driven back. Colonel Munford pronounces this to be the most spirited charge of the day. Colonel Owen, however, pressed his success too far. He drove the enemy almost to the vil- lage of Aldie, where he was charged by a fresh regiment and driven back, losing many of the prisoners he had taken and some of his own men. Major Henry Carrington, of the 3d regiment, was cap- tured at this point.^ Colonel Munford says in his report : — " Captain Newton, having rallied his small command and a good A slaugh- many men from other commands, was again ready to relieve Colonel Owen as he fell back, and by a timely charge repelled another effort to flank him. As the enemy came up again, the sharpshooters opened upon him with terrible effect from the stone wall, which they had regained, and checked him completely. I do not hesitate to say that I have never seen as many Yankees killed in the same space of ground in any fight I have ever seen, or on any battlefield in Vir- ginia that I have been over. We held our ground until ordered by the major-general commanding to retire, and the Yankees had been so severely punished that they did not follow. The sharpshooters of the 5th were mostly captured, this regiment suffering more than any other." Colonel Munford reports that he captured 138 prisoners. His own total loss was 119, of which the 5th Virginia cavalry lost 58, mostly from Captain Boston's squadron. There is a significant absence of reports of this battle on the Fed- Federal reports eral side. General Kilpatrick made no report of it. General D. M. quoted. Gregg devotes one paragraph to it, in which, in general terms, he claims a victory over " the enemy, strongly posted, and in superior force to Kilpatrick's brigade." Lieutenant-Colonel William Stedman, commanding the 6th Ohio cavalry, makes a particular report of the capture of Captain Boston's squadron, in which charge he lost " three men killed and eleven wounded, including Major Stanhope, who has since died of his wounds." Colonel Stedman adds : " The enemy 1 This is undoubtedly the party captured by the 2d New York. See page 152. FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, June. « Adjutant- general's report of losses. Confeder- ate esti- mate of numbers engaged. opened on us from the hill beyond with grape and canister ; but we held the position until dark, when we were ordered to retire." Colo- nel C. S. Douty, of the 1st Maine cavalry, was killed on the field. He was succeeded by Colonel C. H. Smith, who, on the 31st of Au- gust, reports that " A portion of the regiment, led by Colonel Douty, charged, turned the enemy, and drove him from the hill and his stronghold among the stone walls. The regiment gained the posi- tion, secured our wounded, collected the trophies of the field, and were burying the dead when relieved just before dark. The casu- alties were as follows : killed, six ; wounded, nineteen ; missing, five." No other statement of the Federal losses is to be found in the reports ; but the records of the adjutant-general's office show that the 1st Maine cavalry and Kilpatrick's brigade (exclusive of the 1st Rhode Island cavalry, . . .) lost 50 killed, 131 wounded, and 124 missing, — a total of 305. This excessive loss will per- hajjs account for the silence of the Federal officers. It certainly testifies to the gallantry of the regiments which advanced so often against such a strong position held by so determined a foe. The disparity of numbers was in favor of the Federal cavalry, on whose part five regiments were actively engaged. Only four regi- ments were engaged on the Confederate side ; and of these the 3d and 5th regiments were small. Two squadrons wei-e absent from the 4th regiment, and one from the 2d. The 1st Virginia cavalry held the Middleburg road, but took no other part in the battle. The fighting was done by probably less than a thousand men on the Con- federate side. Munford retired from the field about dark, by the Snickersville road, not because of any pressure that was brought to bear on him by General Gregg, but in obedience to the orders of General Stuart, and in consequence of events which had occurred at Middleburg. He brought off from the field all of his dead, and all of his wounded who could be moved. He established his pickets about a mile from the battlefield, and these were not molested until the followinof morninsr. Heavy loss It was tliG fortune of war more than anything else sachuset'ts that caused this severe loss to the 1st Massachusetts. tune of It happened to be the first regiment in the brigade to meet the enemy, which was advancing towards our cav- ALDIE: GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 159 airy in full force, each in utter ignorance of the prox- i863, imity of the other ; the 1st Massachusetts cavalry struck the enemy in force, and became engaged by detach- ments, in all cases against a superior force of Confed- erate cavalry, who were protected by stone walls, banks, and lines of trees, while our regiment fought in the open, without any protection whatever. The regiment fought in detail, and not as a body, and at first with- out support of the other regiments of the brigade. The following anecdote of a pair of shoes and the fataHty attending the wearer, at the battle of Aldie, is related by Major Teague : — ^' While our troops were camped along the bank of the Rappahannock, an order was issued for all civihans and sutlers to leave the army. We knew by that order that some important movement was to be made. Within a week the whole force was moving toward Gettysburg. The heat and the dust that day, June 16, 1863, were something fearful to experience, and I recall getting a drink out of the muddy water of the road over which we were passing, so intense was my thirst. It was about four o'clock in the afternoon, while passing a sutler's wagon that was obstructing the road, the owner of which, not having obeyed the order of the previous week, was now destined to pay the penalty, that a pro- vost marshal Avho was passing called out, ' What regi- ment is that ? ' and upon our answering, said, ^ Well, A sutler's 1st Massachusetts cavalry, go through that sutler ! ' No disobedi- £ ^ ' 1 1 "1 1 nc ence of lurther urging was needed ; in less than fifteen minutes orders. the contents of that wagon were distributed the whole length of the regiment, — pins, needles, thread, combs, brushes, shoes, tobacco, pipes, etc. One fellow captured a fateful a pair of white canvas shoes. When we halted that Ihoet 160 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. i8fi3 nio-lit on the march, which was not until near midnio^ht, he took out his pen and ink and wrote the initials of R. V. c. his name, 'R. V. C on the front of each shoe, and marks bis shoes. put them on to wear. " The latter part of the next afternoon, while in a severe engagement at Aldie, he was instantly killed, and for a few minutes wo had to fall back, but only for a short tune ; yet it was sufficient for one of the rebels to get sight of the shoes and appropriate them to his own use. He did not long enjoy Avearing them, for on retaking our lost ground we took the same R. V. C. shoes on the feet of a dead rebel. Three men " The ucxt day wc had all we could do to take care the R. V. of our dead and wounded ; the day following we began thirty-six the fio'htinof brio'ht and early, and made the Johnnies lioiiis. & o o . flee across that valley from Aldie to Snicker's Gap, which was one of their strongholds in that range of mountains. They seemed not anxious to engage us, but rather to protect themselves as they ran, yet one of the first of our men to be killed that day was one wearing the white canvas shoes marked R. V. C. After that no one seemed to have a hankering for them, as he Avas the third man to be killed in them within thirty-six hours." Regiment After this battle tlie regiment, terribly depleted, had twt'squa-*' to be reorganized into two squadrons, one consisting of five companies, the other of three. It was not again severely engaged until after the battle of Get- tysburg. Gregg's division, to which it belonged, was engaged in the battle of Gettysburg on the second day, on the right ; but the regiment, although deployed in hne of battle, was detailed to bring up the 6th army corps and reached the field with them the next morning. SURGEON MAJOR SAMUEL W. ABBOTT ALDIE: GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 161 This fio-ht on the rig^ht was severe and brilliant, and de- i863, feated Stuart s attempt to pass around our right nank. On the third day at Gettysburg, the regiment was de- ^"jfg^J taehed to act as provost guard at army headquarters, *^"*y- and deployed a great part of the day in rear of the line of battle, to stop straggling and take charge of cap- tured prisoners. Some of the cavalry, during Lee's retreat, became engaged with the enemy's infantry and cavalry and trains, and very sharp fighting was the consequence, as also at times in the week preceding the battle, when driving Stuart up through Maryland, and preventing his junction with the main body of Lee's army. For the regiment it was a time of very severe marching rather than fiohting-. It will be remembered that General Lee and many separation other Confederate critics have attributed his defeat to an^lnju^y the want of his cavalry, who for ten days or more were ter. ^ separated from him by the interposition of our army and our cavalry^ Parts of our cavalry were constantly engaged with Stuart and kept him from rejoining Lee. Stuart marched round the rear of Pleasonton, crossed the Potomac between him and Washington, and was pressed towards the east, so that he could not immedi- ately return. He had to march to Carlisle before he could even take the direction he wished, and finally re- joined Lee July 2, on his left, near Gettysburg, when he at once attacked Gregg, and was promptly defeated. After Gettysburg, General Lee retreated down the east- ern side of the Blue Ridge, to the vicinity of Hagers- town, our army marching parallel to him, Avith the Custer . 1 ^~ 1/^ ?!••• nearly cap- mountams between, (jeneral Custer s division, cross- tures Lee's flirtillGrv ing the mountains, followed his rear, and making an trains. 162 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, June. To Freder- ick City. Accessions from dis- monnted camp. Run into Stuart's cavalry. attack upon his reserve artillery and transportation, parked near Hagerstown, came very near capturing the whole of it. The rest of our army and cavalry marched south to Frederick City, and then west, over the same ground it had pursued previous to the battle ot Antietam the year before. At Frederick City, Captain B. W. Crowninshield re- joined the regiment, July 7, bringing up about one hundred men and Lieutenants Merrill and Goodwin. The squadrons were then reorganized into four, com- manded by Captains Crowninshield, Adams, Tewksbury, and Bowditch. These three officers had been, since April 11, in charge of the dismounted men of the regiment, in vari- ous camps. On the 27th of June, with the band and about ninety men of the regiment, they made part of a column of about three hundred men, belonging to different regiments of the division, all commanded by Major Frye, of the 4th Pennsylvania cavalry. This column was to join the division in Maryland. The first halt was made the evening of the 27th, at a cross roads in Maryland, from which roads ran to Rockville, Tenallytown, Alexandria, to the crossing of the Potomac at Coon's Ferry, and up the river, north- west. The next morning, June 28, a soldier, going very early to a farm-house to get food, found a cavalry horse tied at the door, and inside a cavalryman of the 6tli Vir- ginia regiment, whom he at once captured and brought in. The man reported himself as one of a small scout- ing party, who crossed the ford the evening before and camped near. A party sent to capture them ran into a ALDIE: GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 163 large cavalry camp, in fact all Stuart's cavalry corps, 1863, which had just crossed into Maryland. After a slight sku-mish, Major Frye took the Rock- ^J^^g ville road, with the column, but soon ran into Stuart's cavah-y again — a considerable force, with artillery. Thus cut off from the roads west. Major Frye retreated to Tenallytown by a country road, but not before a skirmish took place, in which the 1st Massachusetts de- tachment engaged the enemy, and kept him back until the heterogeneous command could get across the ene- my's front into the small road leading east. Arrivinc: at Tenallytown they brought the first news First news of Stuart's crossing, who, the same day, captured a move- -f^ , .,, ments. waofon train at Uockville. The same party again started into Maryland July 3, where stragglers from Gettysburg were reported as very numerous near Frederick City and neighborhood, with orders to scour the country and arrest all stragglers. Other parties were sent out from Washington on the same errand. Arriving at Frederick City the regiment was met, and an order was procured that they should rejoin the regiment, from which up to now fate had seemed determined to keep them away. On July 11 Colonel Curtis, worn out with malaria, Resigna- resigned the command of the regiment to Captain Crowninshield, and July 18 went on sick leave to Mas- sachusetts. He never rejoined the regiment, resigning in March, 1864, after his total recovery to health seemed impossible. Major Higginson, also, did not rejoin after Aldie. He resigned August 4, 1864, finding himself unable to bear the fatigue of a campaign, after having several times in vain attempted lighter duties suited to his disabled condition. 164 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, Lee, with the swollen Potomac River in his rear, un- able to cross, drew his army together on a line from Lee and Hao'crstown to Falling- Waters, and our army assembled Meade con- O o ^ j other ^^*^^ in his front, expecting every moment to make an attack, which every soldier thought would succeed. The 1st Massachusetts cavalry pushed to the front with the di- vision, having a small engagement at Jones Cross Roads, July 11, — two killed and five wounded, — and encoun- tered Lee's cavalry and infantry in position Jvdy 12 and 13, in the very place where, the year previous, our regiment had been encamped at St. James College. There, for two days, they stood face to face, while all of Meade's infantry was closed up, ready to assault Lee. On the second day Lee's cavalry was replaced by infantry, and the position occupied was one of very great strength. Artillery was in position, and breast- Attack de- works were made. In this skirmishing a few men of teecrosses the regiment were lost, and our infantry coming up o omac. ^^^^1 replacing the cavalry delayed the expected attack so lono; that Lee was enabled to cross the Potomac River successfully, and the Gettysburg campaign came to an end. The reofiment had been in Huey's brio^ade since Al- die, with the 8th and 4th Pennsylvania. Mcintosh's On the 14tli it reported at Boonsboro to Mcintosh's bngade. j^yig-^^jg^ which was made up of the 1st Maine, 1st New Jersey, 1st Maryland, 1st Massachusetts, 1st Pennsylva- nia, and 3d Pennsylvania regiments. Mcintosh was colonel of the 3d Pennsylvania, and he and his regi- ment were old friends. No sooner had Lee placed the river between the two armies than our cavalry was hurried down stream, and crossed at Harper's Ferry. It marched out on the south ALBERT R, RICE Assistant Surgeon ALDIE: GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 165 side to discover what Lee was about. It learned that i863, he had sent out his cavalry, as usual, to prevent our ^^' finding out. The two forces came together near Shep- Fight at herdstown, July 16, and had a brisk fight, in which the town. 1st Maine, principally, was engaged. The 1st Massa- chusetts was for a while under artillery fire, but not otherwise in action. But night came on, and at mid- night our cavalry retired to Harper's Ferry. Many Confederate wounded were paroled at Shej^herdstown. A few days later found the cavalry division in the |"*^® Loudoun Valley, up which it proceeded, and occupied ^aUey. the gaps of the Blue Ridge, from which the march of Lee's army up the Shenandoah Valley could be readily observed. Meade's infantry followed the cavalry. The 3d corps marched into Manassas Gap, where its engage- ment with a part of Lee's army was observed by the 1st Massachusetts, occupying Snicker's Gap at the time. A tall pinnacle of rock near the Gap, called the " Bear's Den," afforded a wonderful view of the whole Shenan- Panorama 1 1 T7 n 1 • • • rm 1 ^^ *^^® She- doah V alley and vicinity, ihe weather was lovely; and nandoah few who enjoyed the little vacation, as it were, in that Gap, will forget the beauty of the scene, with the tragic background of Lee's army, marching in retreat, with clouds of dust, and seemingly endless lines of white covered wagons, with the accompanying thunder of the 3d corps guns on the immediate left, only a few miles away, near Front Royal and Manassas Gap. Meade was just too late to prevent Lee's passing into Lee back eastern Virginia, which he did through Chester Gap. A few days found him back in his old position across the Rapidan River. To the soldier of the Army of the Potomac it seemed as if these campaigns were ever repeating themselves. 166 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, The Massachusetts cavaby soldier was probably more familiar, at this time, with the by-roads of that part of Thetopo- Virginia, with the sky line of the Blue Ridge and Bull Virgima txWYi Mountains, than with any equal portion oi his na- miiiar. tive State. Every year furnished its battle, or battles, followed by a march up or down the line of these moun- minabie^'^ taius ; the same reconnoissances, through the same coun- reconnois- try, over the same roads ; the same interminable picket sauces and i,',i ^• , • , i ,• picket tliity, in the same districts, where, on returning, one would stop at a house and say, " Howdy ? " to the same Virginia women, bristhng as they always did with intense hatred, or ask a question, the answer to which he knew he could not believe before he asked it. o Lord!^' ^^^ could iiot help wondering if this thing was to go forever? ^^^ forcvcr. It sometimcs seemed as if the only end of it, for the Union soldier, would be six feet of the sacred soil on some by-road, where no Massachusetts feet would ever tread. CHAPTER VIII. SUMMER ALONG THE RAPPAHANNOCK. TO CENTREVILLE AND BACK IN QUICK TIME. MINE RUN AND TO WIN- TER QUARTERS AT WARRENTON. AUGUST, 18G3, TO JANUARY, 1864. The month of August found tlie army agcain in posi- i863 tion along the north fork of the Rappahannock River. ^"^'*- Lee's army lay between the Rappahannock and Rapi- dan ; and the time was used by both armies for what, during the war, passed for rest and recreation. For Picketing weeks nothing more than insignificant picketing and noiLret reconnoissances were attempted. All that country north of the Rappahannock and west of Warrenton was pick- eted and patrolled. Up to the middle of August the regiment was camped near Sulphur Springs and Amiss- viUe. The weather was excessively hot, but the work was easy. The 3d corps lay near Sulphur Sprino-s. On August 1 Colonel Sargent, who had not been with Cdonei the regiment since April, returned and assumed com- iSSj-' mand. ment. On August 9, while the 1st squadron of the 1st Massachusetts was picketing RixeyviUe Ford, with head- quarters at Oak Shade, a Httle way back on the road in plain sight of the ford, an order was received from Col- onel Mcintosh, commanding the brigade, to take the whole force across Welford's Ford, and send a party from there to Beverly Ford. It was the wish of army 168 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 18G3, lieaJquarters that the picket line should cross the river "^^ " at Welford's Ford, and be maintained from there to Ordered to Bcverly Ford, on the enemy's skIc of the river. The pickeTiine representation from Captain Crowninshield that the river! ^ force of the enemy was strong across the ford made no difference, as the orders were peremptory. So leaving as few men at Oak Shade as would serve to picket the Rixeyville Ford, he took with him about forty men, drove the enemy away from Welford's Ford, and on Cross the crossiug advanced against the enemy, who were seen ^''^'^' coming out of the woods a little to the right of the ford, across an open field, in strong force. He sent a Heutenant and sixteen men of the 1st Pennsylvania, who brought the order down, and were ordered to cooperate with him, to Beverly Ford. Riding at a rapid gait, they succeeded in getting there, although they were at first reported to have been captured ; and indeed it seemed quite impossible to get safely through. The force of Enemy ap- the enemy who came out of the woods was apparently foree."" a whole regiment ; and the orders of their officers could be distinctly heard as they mounted their men and came down Avith a force of about two hundred on the little party of forty, indulging, as they were wont to do, in opprobrious remarks. They could not, however, see distinctly what our strength was, and advanced very slowly. The party of the 1st Pennsylvania made good progress, and as the ground was open, and it was easy to see a mile in that direction, the rest were gradually withdraw and successfully withdrawn across the river. But to cuSlo^r^ maintain a picket line there was absolutely impossible. This little event caused quite a voluminous correspon- dence at headquarters, as to the authority for sending so small a force across. SUMMER ALONG THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 169 Headquarters of the regiment, from August 15 to the iscs, middle of September, was in bivouac at Waterloo and ^"^''''*- Orleans, in rear of Plum Run, and picketing was done along the run, while constant patrols and reconnois- sances were made to Flint Hill and neighborhood. The weather, though hot, was deHghtful, and the scenery very beautiful. " Man," however, particularly when clad Only man in gray and mounted and armed, " was vile," and fre- "^ ^^' quent raids were made on the pickets. If a soldier in search of food or adventure went to a house two hun- dred yards away from the road, he was pretty sure of trouble, and many found it an easy way to Libby Prison; A short for the whole country round about was swarming with Libby partisan rangers. An ambuscade, only too successful, was sprung on a party of the 6th Ohio regiment while on a scout towards Barbour's Cross Roads, and the 1st Massachusetts went hurriedly out, only to prove the truth of the proverb about locking the stable door after the horse was stolen. These outpost tours of duty, however, were on the whole delightful, and contributed to vigilance and good health, and permitted a greater variety of good food. While at Oak Shade a large flock of sheep was observed Mutton to not far away, and, possibly on suggestion, a negro read- tSwas ily volunteered to procure some mutton. The mutton Z^T^' came, large and strong. On inquiry, it was found that the darky, measuring value by cost, and wishing to please his commissioner, had slaughtered " massa's best merino ram, sah ! Cost one thousand dollars, sah ! " That mutton was perhaps appreciated by " massa," but the officers' mess, though hungry, could not " get away" with it. Major Chamberlain reported for duty August 19, and 170 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, remained until September 5. The 3d battalion being Septem- i n i i i ber. permanently detached, orders were given to recruit a new one in its place, and Captain Tewksbuiy and Lieu- tenants Teague and Russell were sent to Massachusetts for that purpose. Frequent Recoiuioissances across the Hazel River were made reconnois- i j^ o i rr sances. August o and 5. Army On the 13th of September General Meade pushed Rappahan- across tlic Rappalianiiock River, the cavalry taking the advance, the 2d division crossing the Rixeyville Ford ; and the 1st Massachusetts, with the rest of Meade's cav- alry, engaged the cavalry of Lee near Cul2)eper, and pushed them down to the Rapidan River. Fight at The 1st and 3d divisions, crossing at Beverly and peper. j^^jj^'g j^qi.(^[^ engaged the Confederate cavalry near Calpeper before Gregg's division came up, defeated it, and captured three guns. Making a halt at Culpeper, they allowed Gregg's division to take the advance. In the fight which ensued, the regiment supported the battery of horse artillery commanded by Captain Mar- tin, the 6th New York. Rebel cav- The Confederate cavalry was in force just south of at'hanT Culpeper, being W. H. F. Lee's division. It had its artillery in position to receive the advance of Gregg when it should march out of the town on the road to Cedar Mountain. Made The regiment took the advance quite leisurely, march- the^ene^- ing by the house in which our Colonel Williams had euce. been brought up, and was entirely unaware of the ene- my's presence. But on reaching the road, it was at once made the target for his artillery. The first shot — a solid one — struck in the bed of a small stream, throw- ing up a spray of water, and bounding along struck the HOMER H. WARNER Assistant Surffeun SUMMER ALONG THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 171 hilt of Lieutenant Flint's sabre, took the bit out of the isgs, mouth of the bugler's horse in the next squadron, and ber. took off the leg of Quartermaster-Sergeant Read of company A. The regiment then took the trot down the hill, and drew up in line of battle. The battery in- stantly dashed up at a gallop. The horse artillery had Artillery recently been reorganized, and, discarding the three-inch front. rifle steel gun, now had Napoleon-smooth-bore twelve- pounders ; and each piece had eight horses and four riders. The guns came up between the squadrons, mounted to the top of the slope at a furious gallop, and turned to bring the pieces into action under a very a deadly severe fire, not only of the enemy's artillery but of a strong force of dismounted men behind a stone wall. In the few moments required to turn the pieces, seven out of eight horses and three out of the four men of one gun were either killed or wounded. The thing was most gallantly and brilliantly done, but the loss was unprecedented. Yet not a moment was lost, and the pieces, firing double canister, soon forced the enemy to retire both guns and dismounted men. As he did so, the guns were limbered uj) and dashed forward at a gallop, the regiment following at the same pace. The next and last position was entirely in the open, and an artillery duel took place, with the An artii- cavalry quite unprotected and in full sight behind the t?i7enemy guns. The enemy's artillery was soon driven off, one squadron sent in pursuit, and a bivouac was made in a Bivouac in piece of woods, after dark. It was a most uncomfort- able place, in the hard rainstorm which set in and con- tinued all night, the men, generally, sleeping in pud- dles of water. In his flight to the Rapidan, the enemy abandoned some wagons and a gun limber. 172 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, There is no more inspiring sight in war than a fine ber. battery of horse artillery going into action. The clat- ter of the wheels, the ringing words of command, the A sight shrill notes of the bugles, the splendid, resistless rush thrills and of liorses and men at full speed, the quick turn to bring inspires. . . ... p • p the pieces into position, the momentary contusion or getting the guns in battery, and almost instantaneously the cannoneers dashing about with ammunition or work- ing the guns, — all this is exciting and inspiring ; but especially so if done under a heavy fire, as was the case this day at Culpeper, with shells bursting overhead, crashing through trees, hurling about branches and sphnters, ploughing up the ground, occasionally cutting down men and liorses. Frequently, also, it happens that an ammunition chest or a gun itself is exploded. The Casualties Casualties are not in proportion to the noise, however, portion^to and it is often hard to understand why more men and horses are not killed or wounded by artillery fire. The infantry of Lee's army had already crossed to the south bank of the Rapidan River, at Rapidan Sta- tion, Avhere the land is much higher, and controls the lower land on the north side. Protected by a large Part of number of guns on the south bank. General Stuart cavaiVon maintained a part of his cavalry on our side of the Rap- theriver!^ idau Rivcr, with a battery of horse artillery at the ford. Orders to General Greo;2:, commandino^ the 2d division, on the force them . ^ ^^\ ^ , or, i i i xi 1 i. across. mommg 01 the 14th oi September ordered tne 1st Massachusetts, 6th Ohio, and 1st Rhode Island cavalry, under command of Colonel Sargent of the 1st Massachu- setts, to push the enemy across the river, and develop his strength on the other side. As the other side was particularly open, and at least a division of infantry could be plainly seen there, enjoying themselves, with SUMMER ALONG THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 173 the bands playing popular Confederate airs, this order is63, seemed somewhat unnecessary, and Colonel Sargent sent &.*'''" a dispatch setting this forth, thinking General Gregg was not aware of the situation. But on its reiteration the three regiments pushed on towards Stuart's cavalry, and at once encountered the fire of a large number of Encounter pieces of artillery from the south bank, besides that of of a^' the battery on this side, which was located near a house ^''''• on a small hill just at the ford. When the head of the column reached the edge of the woods, on the road to the ford, it halted, while a short survey of the ground was made by Colonel Sargent before he should "march into the open ground. The road sloped down gradu- ally into a meadow of large extent, which bordered the river, and just above the ford itself was a hill with farm buildings and trees, and about the l)uildings a force of cavalry— the 9th Virginia — and a battery of horse artillery. For some time the enemy did not see our men ; and Anint.r- while they sat on their horses chatting, somebody woke SJ^*^' up a nest of those peculiarly lively wasps called yellow ^tfte?-' jackets. They did not mean to be insulted with impu- '"'"^*''^- nity, and swarmed out in force. It was just becoming very lively and unpleasant, when the boom of a cannon across the river was heard, and that thrilling sound which is the forerunner of mischief, in comparison with which yellow jackets are amiable and delightful. Not a thought more was bestowed on them, for the first shell came near enough to throw dirt upon the head of the column, and followers came thick and fast. The situation at once became very hot and trying for our cavalry, who were without artillery, and absohitely un- able to inflict any damage on the enemy. Action was 174 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, embarrassing, for without artillery no injury could be ber. done the enemy, even on our own side of the river ; rassh^^sit- "^vhile to cliarge him, there was every chance of annihi- uation. lation on the way to his position on the hill above the ford. Indeed, the attack was much like that of the British Light Brigade at Balaclava, except that here by far the larger number of guns was across the river, and of course inaccessible. The moment any body of men became consj)icuous, they drew the fire not only of the guns at the ford, but of a much larger number across the river, on higher and perfectly open ground, which could direct a plunging and intersecting fire on us, and search out every inch of our ground. As if to add The enemy iusult to injury, a large body of infantry was there in plight. camp, with field music, to enjoy our discomfiture ; and they did seem to enjoy it hugely. Colonel Sargent and staff posted themselves on a lit- tle eminence, in plain sight of the enemy, and appeared to be pleased to make targets of themselves. At times, many guns were fired at them, covering them with dust and dirt. Why any escaped being hit was a marvel ; but artillery fire is not always certain. Colonel Sargent, feelino- nettled that his remonstrances had not been lis- A charge tcned to, puslicd close up and repulsed a charge made ancTre-*^ by the 9tli Virginia cavalry regiment. The Confeder- ates seeing our inability to inflict any injury, and pro- tected by the strong force with artillery across the river, reinforced their cavalry ; and about dusk made an at- tack on our forces and inflicted considerable damage, almost entirely on the 1st Maryland. Our troops were in turn reinforced, and repulsed the enemy, and after dark all were withdrawn, and the Confederates crossed to their side of the river. pulsed. SUMMER ALONG THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 175 The following- is the report of Colonel Horace B. Sar- ises, gent, 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, commanding detach- ber. ment 1st brigade, 2d cavalry division, of skirmish (15th) at Rapidan Station. Camp near Slaughter Mountain, September 15, 1863. CAPTAi]sr: I have the honor to report that in accordance with ver- Colonel bal orders from Colonel Mcintosh, commanding brigade, I took com- repfr t°of mand of a reconnoissance toward Rapidau Station about twelve m., skirmish , . ^ 'at Kapi- for the purpose of determming the presence of infantry on the other dan Sta- side of the river, and the general position of the enemy. My force was as follows : 6th Ohio cavalry, Lieutenant-Colonel Stedman, 1G5 men and 11 officers ; 1st Rhode Island cavalry, Colo- nel Thompson, 170 men and 13 officers ; 1st Massachusetts cavalry, Captain Sargent, 228 men and 12 officers ; total, 563 men and 36 officers. On reaching the open country I established a line of skirmishers in advance of the wood, with supports, leaving the 1st Massachu- setts in reserve. Having advanced my skirmishers as far as I mifht without exposing my supports, I reported the result of my observa- tions and requested orders. Being ordered to press forward and compel the enemy to develop whatever he might have on the oppo- site side, I threw forward dismounted skirmishers, engaging them with the enemy at 500 yards distance, and about 800 yards from the river, under the support of mounted skirmishers, and squadrons in line of battle within long supporting distance. A severe shell fire from seven pieces concentrically placed on both sides of the river was developed, and sharp skirmishing ensued. A cavalry force, apparently of two squadrons, appeared on this side in front, with two guns appearing and disappearing near them, and commanding the road which the enemy evidently expected me to use. Two full batteries, not opened on the right and left, but harnessed up, a large number of men on foot (said by my officers to be infantry), a large wagon train stationary, one cavalry camp (from which men had been seen moving, leaving horses saddled), and rifle- pits, with a dense smoke behind the hills on the other side, were dis- tinctly seen ; movements of the enemy indicated a large force ready to repel and inviting attack, but apparently moving away from river. During the last hour before sunset two cavalry charges were made 176 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, upon our skirmishers, and handsomely repelled by short charges up be^*^™" to the edges of deep watercourses which sepai-atcd the parties and made pursuit dangerous. The position was difficult for cavalry, involving either the abandonment of skirmishers, the exposure of supporting squadrons, or the failure of the reconnoissance. Every change of position at once changed the range of the enemy's artil- lery, and by retiring at a gallop a portion of our cavalry in the woods, and instantly debouching to another position, a dangerous shell fire was diverted from the deployed squadrons to the empty woods, with marked relief. Enemy's About nightfall I was withdrawing my line toward the woods. pe]l^*^fu^ The 1st Maryland was ordered to relieve the 6th Ohio, and while r"h j^*^^" the change was making a sharp shell fire opened, and the enemy charged, driving in the skirmishers. The charge was repelled by the 1st Maryland and the prompt appearance of the squadron of the 1st Rhode Island and the 1st Massachusetts at various points, and a line of pickets was strongly established, and held firmly until I was relieved this morning. The casualties are reported as follows : Casualties, killed, 3 ; wounded, 22 ; missing, 4. I think the casualties in the 1st Maryland cavalry were occasioned in a large degree by charg- ing beyond the skirmish line over bad ground and not hearing recall of bugle. The charge was very gallantly entered on, and opportune. We took 3 prisoners ; several rebels wounded are reported. I have the honor to inclose the reports of the officers commanding, and to mention with great praise the perfect gallantry and steadiness of the command under a destructive fire, constantly increasing in severity as the skirmish line was advanced. Commen- Lieutenant-Colonel Stedman, Captain Northway, and Lieutenant Austin, of the 6th Ohio, handled their skirmish line with great cool- ness and efficiency. Captain Rogers and Captain Thayer, of the 1st Rhode Island, and Captain Crowninshield, Lieutenant Gleason, and Captain Sargent, of the 1st Massachusetts, with the officers of their command, were especially commendable for the promptness and vigor with which they obeyed any order, however dangerous. It is difficult to conceive better behavior than that of the three regiments and their officers, under a heavy artillery fire, where it was impossible to protect the supports of an advancing line. I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Horace Binney Sargent, Colonel 1st Massachusetts Cavalrt/, Commanding Detachment. Captain Newhall, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. SUMMER ALONG THE RAPPAHANNOCK. Ill Of the 13tli and 14tli of September, McCleUan writes ises, thus : Septem- ber. Throughout the remainder of the day Stuart continued to retreat As the toward Rapidan Station, which he reached after nightfall The Pn ^"o'l^edei^ eniy s advance reached the Rapidan River early the next niorninc, the 14th. There was hut little activity on either side on this day' Just before night, Major Flournoy, of the 6th Virginia cavalry asked permission to cross the river and attack some squadrons of the enemy which were in sight on the other side. The permission was granted. Major Flournoy formed his regiment by squadrons on the north side of the river and advanced to the attack. The movement itself was of no consequence, and produced no result ex- cept, perhaps, the capture of a few prisoners ; but Flournoy 's charge was witnessed by a large number of spectators, both of the cav- alry and of the infantry, and called forth many expressions of ad- miration at the skillful manner in which he handled his squadrons After driving the enemy into the shelter of the adjacent woods, Flournoy reformed his regiment and returned at a walk. This was the charge just at dusk, probably. About char^of noon the 9th Virginia cavahy charged and went all to vfrSa pieces of their own effort, and never even reached the point aimed at, where a squadron of the 1st Massachu- setts, was ready for them. This charge was disgrace- fully ineffective. These two days resulted in considerable loss of life Honors to both sides, but honors were not easy, as Meade's cav- "°* '""''• airy captured several guns (with the 3d cavalry divi- sion) from the enemy. The infantry now came up and reheved the cav- Relieved airy, which retired to Cedar Mountain, and later to Cul- t'^^"^'^"' peper, and Steven sburg. September 23 the 11th and 12th corps left the Army of the Potomac to join Grant's army in Tennessee, where, under General Hooker, they at once made their 178 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY, 1863, mark at the battle of Mission Ridge. The 2d division of cavahy followed these two corps in their march along the line of the Orange and Alexandria railroad, as far To Cat- as Catlett's Station, and at first the men supposed they tLn an/' too wcrc going to Tennessee. From Catlett's Station Sulphur they went to the Fauquier White Sulphur Springs, and picketed the line of the river at that place. Lee crosses Octobcr 12 Lcc assumcd the offensive, and attempted the same movement he had made in 1862, which ended in the second battle of Bull Run ; making a very rapid advance, and crossing the river at White Sulphur Springs and the other fords down the river. Nobody who was present from the 1st Massachusetts will forget that crossing on October 12. For a week or more everything had been peaceful and quiet. But at about noon of that day the pickets reported cavalry of the enemy on the other side of the river, and the 1st Maine cavalry was ordered across to find out Avhat was up. It pushed through, went to near Chester Gap, and was cut 1st Maine off from the river by them and lost to our army for *""* ° ■ two days, for the troops of the enemy turned out to be the advance guard of Lee's army, concentrating at that point to force the passage of the river, and the 1st Maine had to make a wide detour. Below the The other squadrons of the 1st Massachusetts and a White* section of artillery held the bridge at Sulphur Springs. SpS The 1st squadron was ordered below the ford, down a steep, wooded hillside, to watch the banks of the river. Nothing on the other side was seen except a few horse- men riding about, and the captain of this squadron was sitting by a large beech-tree, and for want of anything better to do was cutting his name in the bark of the tree. Suddenly, without the slightest warning, fire was SUMMER ALONG THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 179 opened from a large number of guns, and was instantly ises, , 1 • 1 p 1 1 f October. followed by a strong attack, to wmcn our leeble lorees could offer but the slightest resistance. The section of An unex- artillery on our side of the bridge fired rapidly, but the tack, attack was so sudden that the bridge could not be de- stroyed even. Lee's troops, in mass, swarmed down to the crossing, cavalry and infantry, and before this squa- dron could get to its horses, mount, and withdraw, the enemy were massing their troops on our side of the river. Coming out of the woods up the hillside in his rear, this squadron came upon a full regiment of Con- federate cavalry, mounted, which fortunately did not discover to what army it belonged, and it had to take to the woods, avoid the roads, and march in doubt and difficulty across fields and through woods and swamps, without a compass, for an hour. By good fortune it Compelled was enabled to rejoin the rest of the regiment, not far artful dod- from Bealton Station, dodging Confederate troops all the way. On the morning of October 12, Colonel Sargent Coionei assembled the regiment and took leave of it, being takes leave of tllG rGfiT" ordered to join the army of General N. P. Banks, com- iment. manding the Army of the Gulf, as chief of cavalry. He made a farewell address to the regiment and turned the command over to his brother, Captain L. M. Sar- "■ent. Colonel Sarsrent continued to hold his rank as colonel, although he did not again join the regiment during the war. Arrived at Banks's army. Colonel Sargent could not be made chief of cavalry, as was promised, owing to being outranked by other colonels. He did, however, have the actual command, ranking as a staff officer to the commander of the column of attack. In the first 180 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, engagement with the enemy at Bayou Rapids, Loui- siana, Colonel Sargent was wounded. He never en- Coionei tirely recovered from the effects of the wound, and did 'wo'iSded, not return to duty. He was brevetted brigadier-general, teins dis- to date from March 21, 1864, when he was wounded. General Sargent, unable to be in the field, was after a severe illness discharged for disabihty, September 29, 1864. Close prox- On the night of the 12th, Meade rapidly marched his the fwo army in retreat along the line of the railroad, with Lee ^^™"'^^' on his flank in close proximity. During the few hours of rest allowed to both armies that night, they were bivouacked not merely close to one another, but some regiments were actually within the lines of the other. All nio-ht loncf, on the march towards Auburn, the cav- airy in then- retreat were ordered to set fire to stacks of hay, and particularly of corn, with which many of the fields were filled, to give an impression to the enemy that the troops were going into camp. As the night was inky dark, it made a weird spectacle. Before day- lio-ht the next morninoj', October 13, at Auburn, the regiment on attempting to water its horses found Stu- art's troopers attempting the same thing at the same place. Fio'hting at once commenced, and continued all day long and late into the night. Stuart, with his Stuart's headquarters and a considerable body of his troops, had tere withTn passcd the preceding night actually within our lines, our ines. ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ positiou been known, he could easily have been captured Avith about two thousand of his men. At the crossing of the creek at Auburn, it was neces- sary to hold the enemy back, for a little time, and the 1st Massachusetts was made rear-guard, having with it a section of horse artillery. It held the position until '"i^Mir GEORGE S. OSBORNE Assi. Surgeo7i and Surgeo7i ^th Mass. Cav. SUMMER ALONG THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 181 the enemy was close upon it both in front and on its i8G3, left flank, suffering a loss of several men, and finally ^''^''^'"'^ retreated, when the moment came, in full gallop, but in perfect order, and rejoined the brigade. The retreat from Warrenton Junction and Auburn to Retreat to Bristoe Station, at which point the road would bring stSiou. all Lee's army in conjunction with the line of retreat of Meade, was across a particularly open country, and the 2d cavalry division was used all day as rear-guard, retreating by echelon, with the horse artillery in the intervals of regiments, and Stuart advancing his in pursuit with the same disposition. Every man could see every detail of this movement, a beauti- and no military parade in time of peace could have t^It. been more attractive or beautiful to witness. Proba- bly three thousand mounted men on each side made up the pageant. Every soldier was interested, even to the extent of not thoroughly appreciating the beauty of the scene, for a brisk fire of artillery continued on both sides all day, and occasionally the men came to close quarters. The division showed a sohd front, however, and no battle was brought on. This day the 1st lost six men wounded. Meade's retreat was complete and artistic in every Ni.^ht at- respect ; and he accomplished the movement from the Bristoe Rappahannock River to Centreville without the loss of ^*''*'"'"- gun or wagon, although the two armies were actually in contact the whole distance, and some severe fighting oc- curred, notably on the evening of that day at Bi^stoe Station. There, protected by the embankment on the line of the railroad, Meade's infantry gave the advance of Lee's attacking forces a sharp repulse, and captured a battery. Two squadrons of the 1st Massachusetts 182 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, acted with that force. The affair began just as the October. . ^ • ^ i pit sun was setting and continued some liours atter dark, making a pretty exhibition of fireworks. This was the The criti- Critical point in the retreat ; it was managed in a mas- caJ point . . , -p-, in the re- tcrlj manner, and Lee here gave up the contest. He did, however, send his cavahy to push our rear-guard when he had halted his infantry, after the vain attempt to break our lines at Bristoe Station. This force of cav- alry, apparently all he had, made a sudden and rather vigorous attack on the rear-guard, in consequence of which a part of the 1st Massachusetts was sent back to reinforce it. But before they got there, the enemy had given up the attempt, and this was the last push he made in the retreat to Centreville. Meade Mcadc coutinued his retreat to Centreville, where the Centre- wagoii ti'aius wcre all parked, and forage and rations were issued to the troops. During the retreat, from October 12th to the 16th, the cavalry had no rations issued, and as they had started without any, appetites were good when Centreville and the wagon train Avere reached. Lee re- Lee, in his turn, retreated, and Meade followed him, MeadVToi- finally taking position on the line of the Rappahannock River. At Rappahannock Station, Lee constructed and held works on our side of the river, defending the bridge at that place. On the 8th of November, these were attacked by the 1st division of the 6th corps, com- manded by General David Russell, and carried in a handsome manner, with the capture of all the enemy's force, about two thousand in number, and several pieces of artillery. Here, again, the country was entirely open, A very aiid this brilliant success was attained in full view of a affair. large part of both armies. It was one of the hand- SUMMER ALONG THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 183 somest affairs of the whole war. This ended the fight- i863 , November. ino- for that year until Muie Run ; and Lee recrossed the Rapidan. Camps were pitched on the line of the Rapidan. The 2d division guarded the right flank, and the 1st Massachusetts took its turn in holding Warren- ton and engaging Mosby and his allies. It had been a hard summer, and the troops were Hopes of __ - rest disap- longing for winter quarters and rest. But the Wash- pointed. ington authorities had other and quite different views, and on the 26th of November Meade began his move- ment in the so-called " Mine Run Expedition." Cross- "Mine Run ing at the lower fords of the Rapidan into the Wilder- tion." ness, he turned to the right, and marched by the Orange plank road to attack Lee, who met him on the line of Mine Run. The 2d cavalry division crossed Kelly's Ford on the a start for / the WU- Rappahannock November 24, and pushed up to near demess. Ely's Ford, where it remained in bivouac next day. On the 26th — Thanksgiving Day, by the way — crossing was made at Ely's Ford, and the cavalry marched rap- idly towards Spottsylvania Court House and camped for the night (a very cold one) at Rose Mount. The next morning it marched to Parker's store, on the Orange plank road, where it met a column of Meade's infantry, the 5th corps. Pushing directly on, the cavalry took the lead, and marched towards Gordonsville. The 1st Massachusetts was leading regiment in the column. The march was rapid, and something different from usual. It was in the Wilderness (aptly named), with gloomy woods, so thick as to be apparently impenetra- ble. Suddenly, on reaching the first clearing, at New Meet the /-111 1 • 1 j_ enemy at Hope Church, the enemy s cavalry pickets were met, New Hope and a few shots announced business. General Gregg 184 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, was riding just behind the regiment. He at once came * to the front, and ordered the first two squadrons dis- mounted, one on each side of the road, Captain Crown- inshield's on the right and Captain Bowditch's on the left. In a moment they were ready, and forming along a by-road, found an open field in front, with a body of Dismount- the cuemy's cavalry'', mounted. A charge on foot made charge them ruu, but not without loss, and a sorrel horse was they rim. capturcd, wliicli Captain Gleason appropriated. The men went ahead as quick as they could run in their overcoats, and the enemy made no stand until his in- fantry was met soon after. Meanwhile his battery opened, and soon ours responded ; the other squadrons reinforced those engaged, and as the enemy developed his infantry, the other regiments of the brigade came mole in dismounted, to reinforce the 1st Massachusetts, until \)ri2r3((lG Gil" gaged. all the brigade was engaged. As the force advanced, the ground became rougher and well wooded, at times with occasional openings. Charges were made, and prisoners were taken from what proved to be Walker's North Carolina brigade of in- Someof fantry. Lieutenant C. A. Longfellow, of company A, tiel'^'^"^ was badly wounded, at first supposed mortally. A little later, while trying to bring off a badly wounded man of the 1st New Jersey cavalry in company Avith Doran of company A, — both volunteered to try and get him after the men of his regiment had abandoned him, — Lieu- tenant Lombard, of company A, was instantly killed, being shot through the head. On the other side of the road Captain H. P. Bowditch was shot through the arm while leading a charge. Only just before night the 5th corps infantry came up and relieved the cavalry, but not before the enemy had been pushed back nearly to ASSISTANT SURGEOIv: H. DURGIN SUMMER ALONG THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 185 his works on Mine Run. General Griffin of the 5th isfis, ^^ . November, corps, who rode with General Gregg and witnessed the attack, said it was one of the prettiest little things he had ever seen done by volunteer troops. In the fight the 1st Massachusetts lost one officer and four men The attack killed, and two officers and eleven men wounded. Griffin saw it. Curiously, although the 1st Massachusetts had the ad- vance and suffered the principal loss, it was not allowed to put " New Hope Church " on its colors, while other cavalry regiments were allowed to do so who scarcely were engaged in the fight. McClellan says : — At the close of the Bristoe campaign the Confederate army re- The rebels turned to Culpeper County, and encamped on either side of the ""becked Orange and Alexandria Railroad, holding the line of the Rappahan- f,"®' nock. After rebuikling the railroad, which had been destroyed north of the river, the Federal army again advanced, and on the 7th of November forced the passage of the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford and the railroad bridge, inflicting heavy loss at the latter place on the Confedei-ate infantry. General Lee now with- drew his army beyond the Rapidan, and preparations were made for establishing winter quarters. This season of rest was, however, in- terrupted by the Mine Run campaign. On the 26th of November General Meade put his army in motion, crossed the Rapidan at Ger- manna and Ely's fords, and moved up the river in the direction of Orange Court House. Hampton's division, supported by the ad- vance of Hill's corps, checked the enemy, on the 27th, near New Hope Church. If " Hampton's division checked " anybody, it cer- tainly was not at New Hope Church. That part of it got away as fast as their legs and their horses would carry them, and the quick retrograde movement was continued by their infantry skirmishers too, who left some twenty prisoners in our hands, mostly captured by Captain Bowditch's dismounted men. 186 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, Two days later, while we were picketino- the left November, n i p i liank of the army at Parker's store with the 3d Pennsyl- vania cavalry, Wade Hampton's division came suddenly upon us by circuitous roads, killing and wounding sev- Hampton cral men and capturing nearly everything in the way ouicavaii-y of baggage, except what the men had on their persons. at Parker's . o i -r> i • • i i i -< store. ihe od Pennsylvania was on picket, and the 1st Massa- chusetts was in reserve and unsaddled. The enemy in some way avoided the pickets, and came dashing into the reserve without warnino-. Just a few minutes before this attack was made, a lit- tle group of officers was seated, shelling corn for their horses. With them was a negro servant named Tom Chisholm, Avho had come with the regiment from South Carolina, a very handy, civil, and intelligent boy. It happened that the officer whose servant he was, just before the attack was made, said to him, half in joke, " Tom, what do you suppose the rebels would do to you, if they captured you? " " Oh," said he, " they 'd A darkey's kill me, surc." " No indeed, they would n't," said Lieu- presenti- meiitfui- tenant Gleason. Here ensued the attack and surprise. nlled. , ^ When it was over, and the scattered men were brought together, Tom among others was missing. Next morn- ing the position was regained, and on a tree, exactly where the group had sat shelling corn the day before, hung the body of poor Tom. He was correct in his idea of what the rebels would do to him. In a little house, the so-called Parker's store, when the attack took place, were eight or ten sick or wounded soldiers awaiting the ambulances which should take them to Cold- the rear. When the store came into our possession, murder. Noveiiiber 30, the bodies of three of these men lay there with their brains blown out. One, who escaped SUMMER ALONG THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 187 into the woods, came in and told us this was done by 1863, the Confederates in cold blood, at a time when a gen- eral officer was sitting on his horse close by. It did not make us feel particularly amiable. In this action the regiment lost one officer and ten men wounded, and ten captured. When the regiment was attacked by the enemy's a picket cavalry at Parker's store, it happened that one company and two officers of the 1st Massachusetts, Lieutenants Merrill and Jackson, were picketing the plank road in the direction of Fredericksburg, that is, towards the rear. Hampton surprised and with his overwhelming numbers easily drove in the 3d Pennsylvania, which was on picket, and the 1st Massachusetts in reserve, forcing them off the plank road and down a side road. It thus happened that this little party of men was then cut off, as the advanced troops were driven in. But Lieutenant a handful Merrill, who was in command, put a bold front upon his predp?tate dangerous position, and rode straight into the column of on^threne- Hampton's men, who as far as could be seen blocked up umn. the road. Fortunately the road was narrow and flanked with thick woods. At the head of his men he dashed in on the Confederates, who were surprised at his bold- ness, and from their higher position could easily count his whole force and see that he was unsupported by troops behind. He himself had a hand-to-hand en- counter both with pistol and sabre. Those who wit- nessed it recall his futile attempts to run a Confederate trooper through with his sword. It was cold weather, and the enemy, as well as our troops, had on great coats. The dull sabre made no impression, but doubled up in its effort to pierce the great coat of Johnny Lieuten- Reb. Lieutenant Merrill himself was shot throudi ^"oundel" 188 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. i8()3, the knee, but contrived to stay on his horse, and man- aged with his men to get into the woods and thence back to the main body. It was a small affair, but a brave and gallant one. Glad to The evening and night of December 1, Meade re- the wilder- treated across the Rapidan River, the cavalry as usual bringing up the rear. Owing to bad roads the retreat was slow and very tedious, and we expected every mo- ment to be attacked, as we formed the rear-guard. Halts were numerous, and the men became very weary. The cavalry recrossed at Germanna Ford, and as they marched up the steep bank on the north side of the river, the last to cross, one of the bands in the 3d corps struck up the well-known tune, " Oh, ain't I glad to get out o' de wilderness." The whole army within hearing caught the idea and set up a shout which was a fervent amen to the sentiment of the song. This was the last fight in 1863. After an interval of picket duty, the army went into winter quarters between the Rappahannock and Rapi- dan rivers. Lee's army of Northern Virginia was just across the river, with headquarters at Gordonsville. The 1st Massachusetts cavalry, for some days after the cross- ing, picketed at Germanna Ford, w^as then relieved by infantry, and with the rest of the cavalry was disposed along the flanks of the army. The 2d division found Headquar- itself with hcadquarters at Warrenton, a place at that at War- time regarded almost as a second home to the regiment, so often had it been quartered there. When the word came to establish headquarters, De- cember 12, the regiment was " standing to horse " just within the town of Warrenton, opposite the house of the Governor of Virginia, " Extra Billy Smith." The SUMMER ALONG THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 189 commandina; officer announced to the little group of ises, officers the fact, and added, " I will take a leave of ab- sence first and go home." " Why ? " asked a captain. " To get my teeth mended." He turned his head aside, took out a set of false teeth which nobody knew he pos- Why he sessed, and then laughingly exposed a face which by leave of this little change looked fifteen years older. To the horror of not a few of the group, two other officers proceeded to do the same thing. The rest, I think, put their hands on their own teeth to see if they were fast. WARRENTON. Warrenton is the most considerable town in that Situation of War- part of Virginia through which the Bull Run Moun- renton. tains extend. It is situated upon high ground, and overlooks the country about for quite a distance. It is a county town, and has a court house and jail, and a hotel well known in that part of the country as the " Warren Green." It was the fortune of the 1st Mas- sachusetts to spend considerable time in this place in picketing it. In the autumn of 1863 the regiment went there so frequently as to become well known to all The ist ,., ,. ,, •11 Massachu- the people in the town, and it had the enviable repu- setts weU . . . . .7 known tation of being the only regiment in the brigade that there. was not at some time or other successfully attacked by the Confederate partisan troops who constantly operated in the neio^hborhood. Warrenton was famous for its pretty girls, who did Famous not fail to tell wonderful stories of the Confederate pretty ... . girls. troopers, predicting attacks upon us, and the discomfi- ture which they said was always the result of an engage- ment with their Virginia heroes. Whether this had anything to do with the success of the 1st Massachusetts 190 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1863, December. Predic- tions of the War- renton belles not verified. A trap which failed to catch any- thing:. First Con- federate flag made here. in guarding' this place may be doubtful, but it is a fact that while other regiments of the brigade had many rough encounters with Mosby, White, the Black Horse cavalry, — company H, 4th Virginia cavalry, — and other companies of Confederate cavalry infesting this region, the 1st Massachusetts had better luck and man- aged to come off best in whatever encounters took place here. On one occasion, in the autumn of 1863, a squadron of the regiment, sent to picket the town, found that the regiment whom they relieved had lost an officer and thirteen men the night before, who were surprised by the Confederates, and their whole picket post was cap- tured. The men of the 1st Massachusetts, as soon as it became dusk, took down some telegraph wire, and care- fully fastened it in two places across the road, at such a height as would intercept the neck of a cavalry sol- dier riding against it, placing it just outside of where the picket post of the relieved regiment had been, and then stationed themselves inside, along the road, await- ing an attack, which did not come. But later one of these telegraph wire traps was successful, and the par- ticulars of it were related by the aforesaid pretty girls of Warrenton, who seemed to be in constant communi- cation with their rebellious friends outside. It would be invidious to mention the names of the young ladies referred to, but their society was vastly appreciated by the officers of one reofiment. It was in Warrenton that the first Confederate flag was made, at the beginning of the war, by Miss Vir- ginia Semmes, the sister of Raphael Semmes, wdio com- manded the famous Confederate vessel, the Alabama. Warrenton occupied a prominent place in the history LUCIUS W. KNIGHT /.•;/ Li. atid Regtl. ^. M. SUMMER ALONG THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 191 of the F. F. V.'s, and more Confederate news could be i8G3, obtained there than at any other place short of Rich- ^'"^"^'^"'■• mond. Here lived Extra Billy Smith, Governor of Virginia, the Paynes, and Colonel Chilton, a well-known officer on General Lee's staff. These distinguished per- a centre sons themselves were elsewhere, but the people who re- feSe^; mamed seemed to be in constant communication with "'"'• their absent friends. In the winter of '63 and '64, when winter quarters were established, the 1st Massachusetts was encamped in a field exactly across the road from Governor Smith's house ; near by was the mansion of Doctor Fisher, and next, that of the Rev. Mr. Barten, the Episcopal ' cler- gyman. Mrs. Smith and her daughter Mary appeared to be the only occupants of the house. The aim of the regiment to be courteous to everybody did not fail at Courteou.s Mrs. Smith's. In return she would occasionally make a tlTll. batch of bread for the officers of the regiment, which *^'"'^'' was of surprising excellence. Considerate treatment of the citizens by the regiment certainly made our stay here i^leasanter. Outside Warrenton to the west, about a mile distant, A„„„de was situated a high hill known as Water Mountain, gS from which a very extensive view could be had ; and ^°'*- this mountain was frequently occupied as a signal sta- tion, the top being defended by a sort of block-house. This was one of the points occupied in picketino- the neighborhood of Warrenton, and as the ride up and down was not a comfortable one, and the danger of an attack was always considerable, it was not ii favorite post to picket. Attacks were continually being made by our Confederate friends, and these often resulted in the killing or wounding of the men, without affordin 01 ^c !^ f- ^ ty ?- VI K > < ^ 2 S WINTER QUARTERS AT WARRENTON. 195 of tlie expedition and revives the impressions of the i864, time : January, Warkenton, Va. On the night of December 31, or rather at three A. m. of January How we 1, came orders to be ready to march at daybreak. At the time it had new 'year^ been raining q„ite liard for twenty-four hours, and everything was knee-deep in the very muddiest of mud. You can imagine our" feel- ings at receiving the orders. We made the best of the bad thing, however, and got ready at the appointed time, and remained ready all day, too, until about two o'clock, when the 2d brigade came up, and we all set out for . About noon the wind had changed to northwest, and it blew vio- Greenland lently and became like Greenland's icy mountains, only more so. ^^^^^er. But we had to faoe it. And we very nearly perished. That day we made Orleans, about fourteen miles from here, and camped for the night. The roads froze hard as marble, but by means of enor- mous fires we were able to keep alive, and some slept. Next day we started before daylight, and marched until after dark, from Or- leans, via Chester Gap, across the Blue Ridge to Front Royal. The day was awfully cold. Our regiment had the advance, and, of course, all the little excitement of chasing scouts of the enemy etc etc. I am sorry to say the inhabitants had more poultry, etc., on The poul- January 1 than on January 2, on that road. Every man's horse re- *'^ ''^"'■• sembled a butcher shop. We got four or five horses and a few pris- oners. The gap on the valley side is quite picturesque. From it we could see large camp fires, said to be General Imboden's, with a rebel bngade of cavalry and battery. The enemy was said to be on a raul down the Shenandoah Valley, and I suppose we were sent to cu them off. One thing certainly has prevented this being done. When we went down to the Shenandoah River at the ford we found The She- some twenty feet of water and no bridge. The enemy held one side ?^""^°^^ and we the other, and - we looked at each other. They could not ^r'^' ' come over to us and we could not get at them. Rebel General Ros- ser, with a cavalry brigade, was at Strasburg, twelve miles away. Citizens confirmed the rebel raid story, but we should be out of rations and forage next day. So next day we marched through Manassas Gap to Piedmont, on the way back over the rough road. OurlaW Early this mormng I went with our regiment four miles, before day- ^ break, and surrounded Salem, and searched the town, to no purpose, ' ' 196 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864 as all the Mosby men knew we were near, and got away before. We January, breakfasted with an F. F. V., who said " Sir," every other word. He was stately, and had six or seven different vintages of hog on the table. We got into camp this afternoon at about three, in a severe snow-storm, which is still going on. It has been as severe a march as we have ever made, in the coldest weather of this year. Major Sar- On amviiig at Boston on his leave of absence, Major recruiting Sargent was made recruiting officer for the new third battalion of the regiment. He remained m Boston all winter, attending to this duty, rejoining the command at Warrenton with the newly raised battalion, March 24. Officers re- At that time men were not as easily procured as they with the had been ; and, jjrobably to induce men to enlist, Gov- ernor Andrew saw fit to recruit new officers with the men. Consequently, when this battalion joined the regiment, it was with entirely inexperienced company officers. This was not pleasant for the officers in the Injustice eio^lit old companics of the regiment ; of whom many to officers '-' iniii i entitled to had riscu irom the ranks, and all had been engaged promotioD. i i • • p t in hard work at this tmie lor over two years, it seems to-day incredible that this should have been done, and it can be justified only upon the ground of absolute necessity, because men could not otherwise have been recruited. Here were four hundred men and officers without any experience whatever, utterly green, out- numbering the men in the eight other companies. It followed that when a detail was made for any purpose, one of these inexperienced captains would outrank all the lieutenants of the old command. These four hun- dred men were good enough, and the officers quite up Bad feel- to the average of any officers with equally little experi- regiment. eucc, but tlic feeling produced in the regiment was bad ; and the four hundred green men, without any train- WINTER QUARTERS AT WARRENTON. 197 ing, added at first very little, i£ any, to the efficiency of i864, 1 • 1 n T 1 January. the regiment, except upon the muster roll, it turned out that in the first fifteen days of the campaign of 1864: which followed, this new battahon went all to pieces ; and before the fifteen days were over, many of the men of these four new companies were assigned to others. The old officers m command of the companies Additional thus formed, in addition to losing their chance of jjro- entailed. motion in case they were Heutenants, were obliged to account for all the property belonging to the new ones, adding thus injury to insult. The need of officers during this winter at Warrenton Absence of was very urgent. From December 15 to March 24, no and efforts field officer of the regiment was present, and out of tiiem twenty-eight line officers in the eight companies, only eight were present for duty with the regiment. This caused great demoralization, particularly as the same want of officers had continued for the larger part of the year. The attention of the brigade and division commanders was directed to this, and at their request every effort was made to bring back officers absent on staffs and other detached duty, but without success. Several officers had been in Massachusetts since Ausfust on recruiting service, while others were absent on ac- count of wounds, and not a few on staffs. Some who were ordered back returned, only to be immediately detailed again by high authority. The absence of so many officers made duty more dif- Officers in ficult for the few left with the regiment at Warrenton, overruled and resulted in some conflicts of authority, because the tees. most of the officers were in Boston. In the winter of 1863-64 the three years term of ser- Reeniist- vice of many regiments expired. These regiments had 198 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, seen most service and were the most reliable in the army. If they could be induced to reenlist there would be added, or rather left in the service the best men it contained. These troops had enlisted at a time when men joined the ranks entirely from patriotic motives. Bounties were unknown. But those more recently en- listed had received large and constantly increasino- bounties. Efforts to It was in January and February that the effort to o-et anstore- the vctcraus to reenlist culminated. Offers of lar^e enlist. 1 ' 1 ' It ^ bounties and promises of long furloughs were the prin- cipal inducements. These promises were from time to time changed. The one inducement that found most favor with the veterans of the 1st Massachusetts was that the whole command; with colors, band, and offi- cers, should go to Massachusetts for thirty-five days, and there be recruited to the maximum, as was at first promised. Mendis- The condition was that two thirds should reenlist. by prom- The requisite two thirds was with difficulty obtained, iiUed. when the order Avas construed to include two thirds of " all, including men on detached service." These men detailed were having a " soft thing," as it was called, were contented with their easy duty, and, almost to a man, refused the offer. Those Avitli the colors were having an unusually tedious and severe winter, v/ith ceaseless, picket duty and scouting, and for various reasons were discouraged. Almost every day the reen- listment scheme assumed a different phase. The very changes were disheartening, and they generally took away the attractiveness of the scheme, and made the men at first doubtful, and at length reluctant. Colonel Adams, of the governor's staff, came down to see if he WINTER QUARTERS AT WARRENTON. 199 could effect anything-, but without avaih Finally, when i864, the offer was made that any company, of which two '^^''''^^• thirds should reenlist, should go home as an organiza- Company tion. Company D reenlisted, and went on with Captain ^ndloes*" Adams and Lieutenant Wardell. It was the only com- ^"'^"' pany to do so. The pay of line officers was at this time much re- Payo^offi- duced by charging $54 a month for an enlisted man as t^^Zt a servant, and it was difficult, sometimes impossible, to "^iT get any other ; while other embarrassing stoppages from "■"'"^' the inspector's department, for various reasons, sadly - reduced the pay. The pay of private soldiers and non- commissioned officers was continuaUy increased, and the reenlistment bounties were enormous. Many men who originally enHsted at the regimental headquarters, and did not had from particular towns, were permitted to reenlist from any town they pleased. They naturally chose such as paid the highest bounty. As a result, when the paymaster came, the camp was full of money, and a good deal was sent home. Pro- motion from the ranks prevented many men from get- tmg their bounties, and some promotions were refused for pecuniary reasons alone. The new battalion formed in Massachusetts should New bat- have been officered from the old men and officers who should at this time had had two hard years' service. It was '^^TJT expected by the men, and it was deserved. The demor- sS^^ alization was greatly increased when it was found that for the four companies and four hundred men, not only new and mexperienced officers, but even new non-com- missioned officers were selected. Eeenlistment, conse- quently, was almost stopped, and many who had put down their names took them off the list. 200 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, About this time some officers resigned, and took rank in other regiments. Captains Bowditeh and Weld were made majors in the 5th Massachusetts (colored) cavalry. Lieutenants Parsons and Jackson and several sergeants took commissions in the colored cavalry. Arrival of Tlic uew battaliou itself made its appearance in camp battaUon Marcli 24, in a driving snow-storm, having marched from Alexandria in three days. Major Sargent, after putting these men in camp as Avell as it could be done in the snow and mud, called all the officers together ; and, after reviewing the whole situation, asked all to be friends and take things as they found them, and make the best of it. Prejudice There was no friendship at first, and the uncomfort- nfw men. able coudition of the new men in camp did not excite much sympathy among the old men. This feeling grad- ually wore away, however, and finally disappeared when the old men who had not reenlisted went home. Two com- Companies C and D — Captain Adams's squadron — taehed for received orders in April to proceed to headquarters, service at n ■< -r^ -\ ^ i^ i^ ri Meade's Amiv 01 the Potomac, to act as guard and escort to uren- headquar- "^ • /^ • a i i ters. eral Meade. At the time Captain Adams was absent on leave in England. On the 15th of April the squa- dron left camp at Warrenton and marched to Brandy Station, and reported for duty under Lieutenant Ed- ward A. Flint of company C. With the squadron were Lieutenants George H. Teague attached to com- pany C, and James A. Baldwin to company D. Captain Adams of company D reported from leave a little later, and in the following June Lieutenant James J. Hig- ginson, who had been taken prisoner June 17, 1863, at Aldie, returned and reported to this squadron for duty, remaining with it to the end. JOHN L. ERIGHAM jgl Lieut, and Commissary Capt. and Brvt. Major Staff of Gcnl. Slieridan WINTER QUARTERS AT WARRENTON. 201 While at General Meade's headquarters the duty 1864, done consisted mostly of escort and orderly work, car- ^^ ^^^ rying dispatches and orders. te^^*?*^"^"^ Their comrades in the field with the cavalry corps Field ser- . vice at its were having the hardest work of the whole period of hardest, the war, engaged almost daily in battles or skirmishes. They were suffering constant losses. It was only occa- sionally that they fell in with the men of the squadron at army headquarters. When they did, there were plenty of expressions of envy at their good fortune. This squadron never again rejoined the regiment ; and at the expiration of its term of service the men were sent to Boston and mustered out separately from the rest of the reg-iment. The taking away of so many of the old officers and Tiie new men at this time, and the uniting of so large a new outnum- element as the four new companies of the battalion re- veterans. cently recruited in Boston, made a great change in the regiment. The old men were outnumbered, and there were only a very few of the original officers left. There was a feeling of something like disgust all Regiment around, and the regiment was never again the same, again the For the old men it was difficult to get acquainted with the new, and, in fact, it was never accomplished : and since the war the new men have always been a sort of mystery to the old officers, which has prevented many from getting pensions. When the men went home who had not reenlisted, the personnel was almost entirely new. In some squa- drons there was not six per cent, of the original men who enlisted in 1861. It was at Potomac Creek in the winter of 1862-63 that there was the largest number of the old men with 202 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1804, April. Great changes in the regiment. Winter quarters broken up and divi- sion goes into camp. Sheridan takes com- mand. the colors. During the spring and summer, casualties thinned them out. The recruits coming into companies with a majority of old men were quickly assimilated, and soon took on the same character and traditions. Soon after January, 1864, reenlistment made a break, as the veterans went home for thirty-five days' leave. Some got promotion in other regiments. But the great changes Avere the detachment of companies C and D never to return, and the adding of the four entirely new companies with new officers and non-commissioned officers, followed in active cani23aign by a large number of casualties, and in early autumn by the muster out of the original men who had not reenhsted. On reorganization the composition of the companies was changed, and very little remained of the old regi- ment but its name and traditions. On the 26tli of April, 1864, the whole division broke up winter quarters at Warrenton and went into camp at Three Mile Run, between Warrenton and Warrenton Junction. This was preliminary to the advance of the army. A month before, in March, General Sheridan had been summoned from the West to take command of the cavalry corps of the Army of the Potomac, in accordance with General Grant's desire. On taking command, he simply reviewed each divi- sion in turn, and without issuing any high-sounding general orders. The cavalry regarded him, perhaps, with more curiosity than any other feeling, and waited quietly to see what he would do. It did not take long to find out, for the campaign oj)ened, and it is safe to say that General Sheridan proved all that had been expected of him by General Grant. CHAPTER X. SPRING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN. RAPIDAN TO PETERS- BURG, MAY TO SEPTEMBER, 1864. The forward movement actually beg-an April 29, and i864, simultaneously Avitli the movement came hot weatlier. In 1864 winter jumped into summer. Snows continued The for- until very late, and there was no spring- ; the day the move- cavalry marched from Three Mile Run across the Rapi- dan River was exceedingly hot. Men and horses were greatly fatigued, and the heat was oppressive. The division was marched, April 29, to Paolis Mills. All the troops were now massed on the Rapidan River, ready to cross. The cavalry crossed at Ely's Ford, May 4, marched At Todd' straight out through the Wilderness to Cedar Run, near ^'^^™' Todd's Tavern, in the direction of Spottsylvania Court House, and a squadron of the 1st Massachusetts went to that place to reconnoitre, narrowly escaping capture by a large force of cavalry. The infantry followed close behind. The slight opposition made to the crossing by the enemy perhaps added to the seriousness of the men in the ranks, who all felt sure that a terrible struggle was at hand. Nor were they disappointed. General Lee at once put his army in motion to attack Cavalry Meade and Grant. In the fighting which ensued, the gm.*' ^^" cavalry of both armies came together on the left flank, south of the infantry. As our cavalry advanced to open 204 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, May. The new battalion gret a taste of real The 1st Massachu- setts or- ders itself forward. up the road, Sheridan's troopers fought a constant suc- cession of battles with the cavab*y of Lee, in which they were almost uniformly successful. The 1st Massachu- setts had its share of the fighting, and lost, at Todd's Tavern, several officers and men. General Wilson's od division, after marching from the fords to Parker's store and from there out towards SjDottsylvania Court House, met Lee's cavalry in force and was driven in to Todd's Tavern, across the Mat River. The 2d division was here met, and the 1st bri- gade, after letting the 3d division pass, promptly took up the fight and advanced to meet Lee's cavalry. At once the fight became lively. This was the initiation of the new battalion into real war, or, as Napoleon HI. has Frenchily named it, their " baptism of fire." It made the veterans smile to see these new men, and wit- ness their various emotions, as they came under the fire of the enemy's artillery. There was no doubt about their having the range, as they fired down the road with shells. One w^ent through Captain Hopkins's horse, w^ounding the captain in the leg, and the same shot did the same for Sergeant-Major Light and his horse, and the sergeant died from the wound. The shells crashed through the trees and made it appallingly lively, until for some reason they changed the direction of their fire a little, spoiling some first-rate practice. General Davies halted the regiment and directed it to remain until he sent for it. He then rode onward, and did not send for the regiment. But the 1st New Jersey came back down the road in some confusion pur- sued by the enemy, and the 1st Massachusetts ordered itself forward into a field to the right of the road, and opened a fire, by which the enemy was repulsed, and BENJAMIN G. MANN ist Lt. aii.i Rcgtl. Com. Brvt. Cnpt. SPRING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, I864. 205 did not again get so far forward. Meanwhile, Captain i864, Gleason's squadron was taken to the left and had a smart little engagement of its own. The enemy was Enemy everywhere driven back, and after dark the regiment where re- bivouacked where it stood, without unsaddling, and got what rest could be had with a dusty road for a bed, and an endless confusion of sounds for a lullaby. The men were too tired to cook food, but made a little coffee. In the morning, and in fact for three days, the bri- Three days , mii>m • ^ ' ni°^ picket- srade remained near Todd s Tavern, picketino-, fio-ht- ing and mg, and witnessing the march past or various corps 01 infantry, as they went to the left and held the enemy off meanwhile. On the 8th Lee's cavalry made a strong effort to create a disturbance, and a hot fight ensued near Todd's Tavern. The 6tli Ohio had a beautiful opportunity to decimate one of Lee's regiments, as it dismounted and offered its flank in an attempt to break our line of battle, and was driven back in disorder, with severe loss. Four days and four nights this ground was held against all the enemy's attempts. Custer's division, on the 7th, relieved Gregg's pickets, and he brought up a band and placed it just behind the line of vedettes, and made it play for a long time, to the great amusement of Gregg's men, who were not accustomed to such tactics. The country was very intricate, and General Grant, Sheridan " ordered to finding that cavalry could not operate advantageously, rear of and also induced by General Sheridan's remonstrance army, against General Meade's use of his corps, ordered Sher- idan to march with his whole force to the rear of Lee's army, and cut off his communication Avith Richmond. This movement began on the 9th of May, Sheridan marching his cavalry due south, straight toward Rich- 206 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, mond. The first encounter was in the afternoon of that day, just as night was coming on, between the advance of Stuart and our rear-guard. A fight began first be- tween the Gth Ohio, the 1st New Jersey, and Wick- ist Massa- ham's brigade. At dusk the 1st Massachusetts became becomes the rear regiment of the whole cohimn, and the attack guard, and was transferred to them. The enemy was repulsed ; sustains , . i p • p • i • i i enemy's but in the couiusion 01 rctreatino^ upon the main body attack. 1111 1 after dark, by narrow roads, through deep woods, orders could not be properly transmitted. Occasionally, they were not received at all, and two officers and eighteen men marched by mistake into the Confederate lines and were captured. Casualties from wounds were few. A squadron which was thus not properly relieved had to march in Egyptian darkness several miles without a guide, and finally got into the camp of the regiment a little before daylight. Prisoners The iicxt momiug reveille was sounded by the enemy from Lee. witli artillery and carbines, instead of the friendly trum- pet or bugle, and all was in motion before sunrise. At Beaver Dam Station a large convoy of prisoners cap- tured by Lee was recaptured, and Sheridan's cavalry pushed on in the direction of Richmond, skirmishing all the Avay with Stuart. The 2d division encamped that night at Ground Squirrel Church, towards Ground Squirrel Bridge. May 11, before daylight, part of the regiment was on picket, and the balance, under Major Fight at L. M. Sargent, was sent to Ashland Station, on the line station, of the railroad, to destroy Confederate stores at that place and break up the line of the railroad. While en- gaged in this duty, just as day was breaking, the 2d Virginia, the advance of Stuart's cavalry, burst upon them and a severe little fight took place. SPEING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, I864. 207 Just as the attack of the Confederates was delivered, i864, May. orders came to Major Sargent to withdraw to the main column. In order to do so without loss, he ordered Captain Motley's squadron, companies F and G, to charge mounted up the line of the railroad, that is, north. At this time the houses and yards of the houses on the east side of the town were full of the enemy's sharpshooters, dismounted, firing from the houses and behind the fences. Captain Motley pointed out the error Captain of charging in this direction, but at once obeyed the squadron order and charged across the line of this fire, as he was across line directed. Of course he accomplished nothing, as the fi^e. enemy was on his flank, and a fierce fire killed and wounded many of his men before he had gone twenty yards. In fact, his charge cut him ofP from his line of retreat, and many were killed, wounded, and taken pris- oners. Captain Motley and Lieutenant Smith were both Officers wounded, the latter twice, and both were captured, wounded, Lieutenant Hopkins was instantly killed just at the mo- t^red. ment of retreating from the town. Captain Crownin- shield's squadron, the first in the column, was ordered to picket the road with one platoon, and destroy the station, cars, and stores with the rest of the men. When the attack came, this squadron was assembling, as the men came in from picket and the work of de- struction. It was consequently the last to leave. It was just as this squadron turned to leave that Lieuten- ant Hopkins was killed. After the three squadrons had left the town, came an order to return to Ashland. The order was incorrectly delivered by General Gregg's aide. It was, however, soon corrected, and the squa- drons withdrew and joined Gregg's division, which was 208 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, May. Incidents of the ac- tion at Ashland JStation. held in reserve, and was not engaged at the battle of Yellow Tavern, in which the famous Confederate leader, J. E. B. Stuart, was mortally wounded. He died two days later at Richmond. At Ashland — the birthplace of Henry Clay, by the way — many stores were de- stroyed, an interesting mail captured, and the railroad track ruined. Prisoners were captured of the 2d Vir- ginia cavalry, engaged in this affair, who reported that Captain Motley died in their hands of his wounds, giv- ing such minute details that the story was beHeved by the officers of the regiment, and from their letters his family believed him dead for some months. He actu- ally was sent to a Confederate hospital, and after much suffering finally recovered, although for a long time unable to write to his family. The squadron under Captain Gleason was attacked in the morning, while on picket, and Captain Gleason was wounded while fighting gallantly, and several men were killed and wounded. Captain Gleason tells of this fight at Ground Squir- rel Church as follows : — The fight at Ground Hquirrel Church. Ground Squirrel Church, Va., May 10, 1864. About five p. M. received orders to go on picket with my squa- dron and Lieutenant Herrick. We, being the only officers, reported for orders to General Sheridan, who sent me about one mile to our right, in the woods, with orders to hold the ground at all hazards. It was between nine and ten before we got our vedettes on post, which was done by putting three on each post, with orders to relieve each other. We kept one bugler only with us, — Herrick and self. At eight A. M., the 11th, called in the pickets, and without breakfast or water went to the pike road, the road the army was traveling on. Found the cavalry moving towards Richmond, 2d division, 2d bri- gade, in the road. Went into a field, fed horses, and told the men to get breakfast, if they could, but be ready to start at once. The SPRING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, I864. 209 fortunate ones had their coffee cooked, horses half fed, when an or- i864 derly rode up to me and said, " Is this the 1st Massachusetts cavalry ^^^' that was on picket ? " I said, " Yes." " Your regiment has gone on a raid to Ashland, and you are ordered to fall in between the 10th New York and 2d Pennsylvania." I said, " But they belong to the 1st brigade and I to the 2d." He replied, " I know it ; but that 's General Gregg's order." I asked where they were, and he said, " That 's the 10th New York now passing, and you will have to act promptly to get your place in line." Ordered boots and saddles blown. Mounted, and took my position according to orders ; men with hot coffee in cups, some having breakfasted, some not. We marched to or near Ground Squirrel Church, where we left the regi- At Ground ment the night before, when another orderly rode up and said, " Is Church^ this Captain Gleason of the 1st Massachusetts cavalry ? " I replied, " Yes." He said, " The rebels have attacked the 1st Maine cavalry, who are our rear-guard, and are driving them. General Gregg or- ders you to wheel out, go back, and stop the retreat." We had been marching platoon front, I broke into fours to the left, where there was a little half-moon road, just large enough to hold my command, drew sabre, and went as far as I could, but not far, owing to the jam in the road. How long we sat I can't tell, but it seemed a long time. The road was jammed full of struggling men and horses, all pushing towards Richmond, but away from the enemy. In the rear were two pieces of artillery, and when nearly up to us the rebels were swarming around them. I gave orders to charge, and we brushed the Johnnies away ; in fact, we brushed so many on each side of us that we were in great danger of being sur- rounded. We charged but a short distance, wheeled by fours, came back to the place where we charged from, again wheeled by fours, formed line across the road, returned sabre, advanced carbine, and opened fire, holding the line until every rebel was out of sight, or about thirty minutes. The fire on both sides was terrific, the lines Terrific not more than thirty yards apart ; every man could look into his ene- cbse^quap- my's eyes, and almost tell their color. As the fire slackened, two *''^'^- rebel officers, a colonel and adjutant, at least so I thought, rode on top of a little rise, and with a field glass deliberately looked over the field. We fired several shots at them, in fact a volley. The colonel coolly dropped his glass, drew his pistol, fired two shots, and rode away unharmed. I was wounded early in the fight, first by a pistol ball tlu-ough the skin above the left knee, then by a minie- 210 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, May. Promises which were not kept. Fight at Hanover Junction. ball in my right hip ; my horse was shot through the withers and chest, and left on the ground. We held the ground until the 1st brigade formed, and we were relieved. I am unable to state our loss, or that of the enemy, which was the 6th North Carolina cavalry. My men mounted me on a secesh horse we captured, and I turned over the command to Lieutenant Herrick. As I passed to the rear, I found the field full of disorganized cavalry. A few rods farther I was halted by Surgeon Moore of Gregg's staff, who said General Gregg wanted to see me. I found him dismounted, alongside the road ; he asked the circumstances of the fight, how I left things, etc. Then he said, " Captain Gleason, you have done a gallant thing in a gallant manner, and I shall have you brevetted for it," asked how many men I had, what companies, what other officers, and added, " I shall give them full credit in general orders." All of which, as far as I can learn, he never did. There were one or two of company B \vith me at the time, who remember the conversation. Sanborn of B, I think, was one ; Pet- tengill 1 know was there ; also Doctor Moore, and one other staff officer, whom I did not know. As near as I can remember, we had about eighty men. Sanborn says sixty. I have no memoranda to go by. The other matter is from my diary, and substantially correct. In the charge on the enemy, orderly sergeant Sanborn, company B, was at the head of the men, and showed great gallantry. When General Stuart started, early May 11, to at- tack Sheridan's cavalry from his bivouac on the North Anna River, he divided his column, sending General Gordon's North Carolina brigade to follow the rear of Sheridan's column, while he himself, with Fitz Lee's two brigades, marched to Hanover Junction. Early in the morning, Gordon's brigade made a sudden and vig- orous attack on the pickets, which Captain Gleason helped repel. The 1st Maine, and indeed all the 2d brigade, had been engaged all the morning, and it was a very severe fight, in which charges and countercharges CAPT. LUCIUS RICHMOND CAPT. D. B. KEITH Major 4th Cav. CAPT. CASPAR CROVVNINSHIELD Col. 2!i.< ■--■'. Britf. Genl. U. S. V. SPEING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, I864. 211 were made. Only after the artillery and all the regi- i864, ments of the brigade were brought up, was the enemy checked and driven off. The enemy's accounts of this fight are stories of in- dividual jDrowess rather than of general events, and are doubtful in character. They did make a gallant fight, and it came near being a bad one for Gregg's 2d bri- gade. In these few days from May 4 to May 12, out of 15 Heavy loss officers and 522 men, the loss of the 1st Massachusetts sachusetts cavalry was 8 officers and 116 men, a pretty high per days. cent, for so brief a time. Since crossing the river the horses had not once been Hardships unsaddled, nor had any camp been established. What campaign. rest men and horses obtained was got in the roads, wherever they happened to be, men and officers hold- ing the bridles of their horses and lying down in the dirt alongside of them. Rations were insufficient, and it was only on the fifteenth day from the crossing of the river that the horses were unsaddled and the men had time to wash themselves or change their clothes. The wounded were carried in ambulances with the col- umn, or left in houses when wounds were severe. The new men in the 3d battalion had a rougfli initiation mto the duties of the fighting cavalry soldier. It is proba- ble that many of them felt like the Arkansas heutenant who, during the Mexican War, had tormented all his friends until he was given a commission. He joined his regiment the day before the battle of Buena Vista, and on the evening of that day was heard to exclaim, " I wish I was to hum in Arkansas and my commission to hell." In the death of General Stuart that day at the bat- 212 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, tie at Yellow Tavern, the Confederate cavalry suffered ^*^' a loss which was irreparable. It was their last serious Death of attempt to accomplish anything during this raid of stu'arTin Sheridau. They withdrew, or followed Sheridan feebly, irrepara e ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ horscs being utterly worn out. Officers among the prisoners that were captured spoke of their Stuart's command as entirely used up and demoralized, that they used'^up had the worst of every cavalry battle since the opening moraUzed. campaign. Although fighting bravely, they were beaten, and their demoralization and loss culminated at this time in Stuart's death. Reach the General Sheridan, after Yellow Tavern, pushed on to tbifoT capture Richmond by the " brook road," or " mountain Kichmon . ^^^^,, ^^ -^ ^^^ called. Marching by this road until he was close to the city and fortifications, he turned to the left, and before he could cross the Chickahominy River at Meadow Bridge he was surrounded on all sides by the Confederates. The enemy's cavalry was behind him and on his right, in front the fortifications of Rich- mond in plain sight, and an impassable river on the left, with the bridge burned. The forces in Richmond, 4000 in number, fortunately not very efficient, were composed of what might be called home guards, clerks in the departments, and whatever could be collected, ludiffer- Besides these, however, three brigades were ordered into Sheridan's Richmoud from Petersburg, all under the command of theTich-*^ General Bragg. These came out and attacked Sheridan Sers!" in front. He hardly gave them a thought. A few dis- charges of canister from the artillery drove them back, and no impression was made on Sheridan's troopers, who, almost wearied out with the marches and fighting of the preceding days, sat stolidly on their horses and took hardly any notice of this feeble attack. SPBING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, I864. 213 While it was going on, and before the bridge could i864 be made practicable for the crossing of the cavalry, the ^^^' whole command remained quiet, with shells flying over their heads, and cannon-balls ricochetting under'' their feet, from three different directions at once. The back- ground of the picture was interesting, for it was 'no- Their thnag less than the city of Richmond, which had been aJSaSi: long considered a Mecca to the Army of the Potomac. Unfortunately, however, provisions and forage were ut- terly gone, and a double line of fortifications bristlino- with artillery was between the weary cavalry and their Mecca. Meadow Bridge was not very weU defended by the Theat- Confederates. It had to be taken and made practicable S- to open up the road to the James, and was gallantly "'"''• carried and repaired under fire. Slowly but regretfully the troopers crossed Meadow Bridge, and marched un- molested over McClellan's old battlefield towards Hax- all's Landing on the James River, reaching it two days later, Richmond fading out of their sight on the right as they marched. During all this May campaign the desperate work Theseri- that troops of all arms were called on to perform tTeMi"' seemed to be understood beforehand. All noticed the *^"'- determined look on the faces of the men bearing arms. Ihere was a remarkable stolidity. A whole corps would march without noise, steadily forward, apparently car- mg not at all whether it was into a battle or a camp. Ihey realized only too surely the fact that the battles meant death or wounds to more than half of them be- fore a month was to pass. There was no jesting, no Idle talk. The serious air of all was ominous, and made a deep impression on the beholder. 214 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, In the Wilderness, before Spottsylvania Court House was reached, the heat was oppressive. The infantry Unwonted threw away everythini^ but the most indispensable arti- cles. Overcoats and army blankets by thousands were cast aside. The roads were almost literally lined with The cav- them as the army marched. The cavalry trooper, usu- aiiveto ally gay and noisy on the march, became silent and ation. serious, and by the time Richmond was reached was indifferent to danger and steady as granite. For the greater part of the 12th of May, while hearing the guns of the enemy on all sides at once, and well aware of the situation, every man was in his place in the ranks, and, although halted for many hours, there was abso- lutely no straggling. The ground was quite open, and the soldiers sat on their horses, biding their time, as if made of wood, too tired even to talk to the next man in the ranks. Two squadrons of the 1st Massachu- setts composed the rear-guard of all in crossing Meadow Expecting Bridge. For a long time, in perfectly open ground, * these squadrons had stood in line, Avatching in all direc- tions for an attack w^iich it seemed must necessarily come. But only small parlies of the enemy appeared, and did not come to blows. They were not sorry when the order came for them to retire and cross the bridge. An all- During the night of May 11, Sheridan's cavalry march. marclicd without any rest. As each brigade on the Brook Turnpike reached a certain by-road, it turned off to the left. It was on this by-road that the enemy had buried torpedoes, which our prisoners were made to unearth at the sabre's point. Each brigade, as its head reached this place, put out a squadron on picket towards Richmond, on the turn- pike. A squadron of the 1st Massachusetts was thus CAPT. JAMES H. CASE CAPT. HORACE N. WELD Li. Cot. jlh Cav. CAPT. ARNOLD A. RAND Col. 4lh Cav. SFBING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, I864. 215 marched up the turnpike quite a distance, and posted in 18G4, the yard of a large house, which was enclosed by a high ^^' privet hedge, and vedettes were stationed further out on the road. When we were placed there it Avas quite dark, but day was about to break. Before we were withdrawn it became light enough to see distinctly, and what a sight greeted the eyes ! The city of Kichmond Richmond lay in plain sight, apparently about two miles away, "^liht!^ though probably much further, and stretched away to the left, — steeples, factory chimneys, and all the many sights common in city suburbs. Not far away, down the road, two brass guns with gunners were plainly vis- ible, and fortifications to the right quite near, on the parapets of which the sentinels could be seen marching their beats. Expecting every moment a shot from the brass guns, the trooper sat on his horse, tired enough, ordinarily, to drop, but under the stimulus of such a sight quickly wide awake as the wonderful spectacle was taken in. Were we to get in? was every man's thought. Having so far been everywhere victorious, of course nothing less was expected. But charging fortifications was not for cavalry. Hitherto, in the whole history of the Army of the a most ex- Potomac, no such fatiguing march, one so plentifully march?^ interspersed with battles and skirmishes, had ever been made. The 1st Massachusetts was glad enough, but probably not gladder than others, when it dismounted in the clover fields alongside of the James River, and permission was given to unsaddle the horses, while de- tails went to the transports and steamers which, as a part of this movement, had come up to meet them with forage and provisions. The wounded had painfully been carried in the jolting ambulances for the past six 216 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, clays, and now were put upon transports and carried ^^' North. The weary trooper fed his horse upon the rich clover and plenty of oats, and removing his clothes took a plunge in the James, thinking sadly of the comrades of two weeks before, whom he should never see again. Thecav- The cavalry corps, coming without warning to the at a pleas- bauks of tlic Jauics, offered a rather startling interrup- tion to a pleasure party which had gathered at a large house where they camped. A goodly number of young ladies had come down a day or two before from Rich- mond, — perhaps partly to avoid the dangers to which that city might be exposed. Among them was a daugh- ter of General Robert E. Lee. Here they had to remain until the corps left, and they had to eat hard-tack and salt pork, too, as under the circumstances nothing else could be procured. Effect of While Sheridan's cavalry was thus acting indepen- raid oidy ^ dcutly iu the direction of Richmond, the balance of the rary. army was fighting the series of battles about Spottsyl- vania Court House, and gradually pushing on toward Richmond by the left flank, fighting at every step. The disturbance created by the cavalry raid was only temporary. Lee's communications with Richmond were soon reestablished, and Sheridan's raid was more suc- cessful on account of its battles with Stuart's cavalry than as an injury to Lee's army by preventing its com- munication with Richmond. Cavalry After the Condition of the cavalry was reestablished Meade's ou tlic banks of the James, it marched in various di- rections across the peninsula, crossed the Pamunkey above White House Landing, and on May 25 came up to Meade's army at Chesterfield, passing around to the rear and rejoining it on the banks of the South Anna army. SFBING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, I864. 217 River. Here a lot of detached men also came up, and ise*, with them, Lieutenant-Colonel Chamberlain, — made ^^^' lieutenant-colonel vice Curtis discharged, March, 1864. Colonel Chamberlain, on his way to the regiment, in Colonel May, vras put in charge of all the men going up to the lain'repeiis cavalry corps. This made a force of some seventeen baggage" hundred men altogether. On their way down, at Mil- ^''^'^^' ford, they fell in with a large force of Lee's infantry, who had in some manner broken through Grant's lines and were threatening his baggage trains. A sharp fight took place, in which Colonel Chamberlain handled his force so well that the attack was beaten off. The cav- alry then marched southeast, and crossed the Pamun- key River at Hanover Town May 27, getting safely across on pontoon bridges before Lee could interfere March to- with the movement. It marched rapidly out on the mmS^"'^' road to Richmond, to within fifteen miles of that city, ^^^'°' and at Hawes Shop was met by Stuart's cavalry, May At Hawes 28. The 2d division. General Gregg's, met the enemy stef' first, and a severe battle was at once joined, in moder- ''''''^^^• ately open and level ground, in which artillery was also actively used, and the 1st and 2d divisions were soon involved in the fight. In front of the 2d division was a fresh brigade of Confederate cavalry, which had been brought from the South, and that very morning, only a few hours before, had marched through Richmond on its way to join Lee's army. It was composed of South Carolina and Georgia regiments, and wishing to make a smart appearance in passing through Richmond, the officers wore white kid gloves. Their reception at the Uneere- hands of the 2d division of the cavalry corps was not Smelt quite so flattering as that accorded them by the ladies glove chiv- of Richmond. During that afternoon they lost more ^^^' 218 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, May. An irk- some duty. Not an agreeable sight. Grant reaches Cold Har- bor. than half their entire number, and at nightfall a detail from the 1st Massachusetts, sent to bury the dead, found an unusual proportion of Confederate officers, who had been thrust so quickly into the fight that tliey had not had time to take off their white kids. In this battle the 1st Massachusetts w^as drawn up in column of squadrons and supported the artillery. It is remarkable in how many engagements of the w\ar this irksome duty fell to the lot of this regiment. To sit on one's horse behind artillery in action, without any pos- sibility of protection, to be a mark for the enemy's guns and at the same time to be powerless to deal a blow in return, is the hardest duty a cavalry soldier can perform. An infantryman can lie down under fire, but a cavalry soldier is obhged to remain upon his horse, and frequently to see his enemy point his gun at him, and the artilleryman pull the lanyard which fires it, knowinof all the time that he is the mark at which it is aimed. Sergeant Looney, carrying the colors of the reo-iment, was hit by a shell and died in a few minutes. Lieutenant W. W. Wardell of the 1st Massachusetts, acting aide-de-camp on General Davies' staff, was shot through the neck and instantly killed at the height of the battle, — a brave, efficient, and cheerful officer. Hardly any more severe engagement than tliis occurred during the war. The losses were great on both sides, but victory rested on the Union banners. The regiment lost nine in killed and wounded. This movement of the cavalry was for the purpose of opening a crossing of the river to the rest of Grant's army, which followed immediately on the heels of the cavalry, and took up the position of Tolopotomoy Creek. By the overlapping of successive army corps on the left, SPRING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, 186 J^. 219 Grant's army was brought to Cold Harbor and the i864, James River. '^'^"®' While these last battles were being fought, the cav- New line ah-y was disposed on Grant's two flanks, the 3d division cweka- on his right, and the 1st and 2d on his left. The 1st ^5 and 2d divisions, on the morning of the battle of Cold Harbor, were sharply engaged with the enemy's infan- try, the battle being taken up by the infantry, and the cavalry withdrawn. The line, after Cold Harbor, was along the Chickahominy Creek, the 1st and 2d division cavalry camp being established on the left flank of Grant's army, near Bottom's Bridge. In the memoirs of General Sheridan he speaks of this occupation of Cold Harbor quite at length. It was a very important position, and the cavalry was Animpor- ordered to hold it "at all hazards." When the order S.''"'" was received, the cavalry had left the place, which it was not expected it could take. But it had done so without difficulty, although the enemy had built breastworks. On marching back, on receipt of Meade's order, these were reversed, and the cavalry dismounted and repulsed a severe attack made by Lee's infantry. The same day, later, infantry relieved the cavalry. This week was memorable in the Army of the Potomac for reinforce- Amemora- ments by the 10th army corps, for the disastrous attack ^^'''''^• on the enemy in position at Cold Harbor, for fierce heat, and a dust which made a march ahnost as dread- ful as a battle. At a little distance there was no dif- ference discernible between the white troops and the negroes, a division of whom was attached to the 10th army corps. On the 2d of June, as the battle of Cold Harbor was Cavalry beginning, the 2d division of cavalry had an engage- HaS. 220 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, ment on the extreme left of the line, in which it got in pretty open ground, on the right flank of the enemy's line of battle. This was plainly visible and down it the cavalrymen could look. It appeared to be possible to make trouble for our friends in gray, and a charge seemed likely. But none was made, and the 1st Massa- chusetts soon found itself in a maze of woods, Avith an almost impenetrable undergrowth of brambles and shrubs — a most discouraging place for mounted men. The situation was not improved by a lively artillery fire, which came crashing through the trees, a good deal at random. The cavalry was soon withdrawn, and put in camp near Bottom's Bridge, on the Chickahominy, in a very large field bordered by pine woods. The rebels On the moruiug after the camp was established here, present of the cucmy opcucd at very long range from across the Whit- Chickahominy with a battery of Whitworth guns. The w or til shells. very first shot fell in a camp fire, round which several men were sitting, cooking coffee. Others followed fast, but curiously, and fortunately, all failed to explode. A battery was brought up on our side which tried to reach our rebellious friends in vain. The officer in command of the battery estimated the distance at nearly four miles, and gave it up as impossible. The Whitworth battery also stopped firing, just when orders were about to be given to change camp. No doubt the officer in charge thought his shells fell short, deceived by the fact that they did not explode. Some of the Whitworth shells were passed round as curiosities. They were hexagonal, very long, and beautifully polished. Treyiiian's On the 6th of Juuc, just after Cold Harbor, General raid. Sheridan began another raid, known as the Trevilian's Station raid, and the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry took CAPT. HENRY P. BOWDITCH [MaJ. ^th Cav.] CAPT. RANDOLPH M. CLARK CAPT. MYRON C. PRATT SPEING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, I864. 221 its share in that, — a fatiguing- march, and accompanied i864, by severe fighting. •^'^"®- Sheridan's Trevilian's Station expedition was followed promptly by the greater part of the Confederate cav- alry, and they succeeded, helped by infantry, in pre- venting the carrying out of that part of Sheridan's plan which would take him to Gordonsville, and per- haps into the valley. In the fighting, which was severe Severe about Trevilian's Station, advantages were alternately ^^''*^"''' on each side. Sheridan then made a detour to the east- ward, recrbssed the Pamunkey River at White House, and the James a little later, convoying an immense wagon train to the James. While doing this he was attacked at St. Mary's Church, a critical point, and it Fight at became necessary for the 2d division of Gregg to hold cLS?''' alone all of Lee's cavalry here until the other division, guarding a train of nearly a thousand wagons, should reach the James. Gregg was compelled to fight a force five times his own, which saw the point and appreciated the importance of defeating Gregg's division. A most Adesper- desperate struggle ensued, during the latter part of gie'.''"^" which the 1st Massachusetts was in the fore front. It behaved with its usual steadiness, and was the last to leave the field. At that time no general was needed to tell the vet- Every eran troopers what was to be done. All took in the sit- wll^It nation, and saw the need of determined and successful "^"'" resistance. Reinforcements could not be had, and every man knew his duty. The enemy was kept back long enough to enable the trains to get safe to the James. It was desperate work, and just missed being a bad disaster. In his personal memoirs General Sheridan speaks in glowing terms of Gregg and his troopers. „ man knew what Avas a1 stake. 222 FIBST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 18fi4, June. THE TREVILIAN's STATION RAID. A pen pic- An officer writes thus of the Trevilian's Station raid raid.*' ° to another in Massachusetts, who was wounded, and gives a vivid picture of that distressful march, with its accompanying battles, as seen by the men of the regi- ment : — I had just got your letter done when " the General " sounded, and away we went. The 3d division came down and took our place, and we went to the Pamunkey River and crossed on pontoons that night (June 6). It was a seven days' wonder as to where we were going. It turned out to be a raid, and a hard one, too. After crossing we camped, and next morning (June 7) we marched to Eliotsville, where we camped for the night. Then we knew we were going to- wards Gordonsville, and to cut the railroads. We marched until June 11, without anything to mar the quietude except the bush- whackers. They were plenty, and captured many men, including in our regiment Childs, whose horse gave out, and Clough, but the latter got away from them. On the night of the 9th we camped at F . I was out foraging that night until eleven o'clock. A fora- We had to do it by squadrons, the bushwhackers were so thick. I ffenLrnot lost the road, and marched and marched, until I got tired and a rare one. stopped. By luck, some of the men saw camp fires in the distance. Whetlier they were ours or not nobody knew. I thought I might as well be taken in the night as wait until morning. I was then on the Louisa Court House road, and the rebels were but a short dis- tance away, though I did not know it at the time. I had an old chaise, with an old horse, loaded up with bacon and corn, and the horse was so nearly played out that it took six men and a boy to keep him going. I had got him along so far that I would not give up as long as he could move. So on I went over fields, three miles across country, over fences, fields, and bogs, until I got up to the lights, when behold, it was our regiment on picket. Was n't I glad to get the old cart in, corn and all ! They had given me up for lost, and so I should have been had I not turned off where I did from the main road, for a whole division of rebel cavalry was only a mile further down the road from where I turned towards the camp fires. SPRING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, I864. 223 In the morning we started again, the 1st division in advance, and ^^m marched about an hour, when boom ! boom ! went Custer's cannon. J^'ie- I thouglit we were in for it, as he ran straight into Hampton's corps at Trevilian's Station. Hampton was marching right across Cus- ter's path, when Custer came up, and charged into him and took his Cnster col baggage tram. For want of support he was obliged to let it o-o |«le.s with again, as Hampton attacked with his whole force and drove Custer "''''""• back, and recaptured his train and headquarters baggage before we could get on the scene, although we took the trot. We were too late to save the train, but we drove Hampton back, and burned the station and tore up the rails. We forced Hampton back to a hill and there he stuck and fortified himself with breastworks, and <.ot Gordon's infantry to support him. We held them there until dark, and then you ought to have seen us get out, part at a trot and part at a gallop. My squadron was the last on the field, and you can bet we got out lively when our turn came. We marched all night at a quick gait, and only halted in the morning to get breakfa-t pretty well played out. We had been on the line all day and did not lose a man. Our regiment had only one hundred and sixty men, as Captain Crowninshield had the rest with him in char-e of a wagon train sent to White House Landing, and did not get^ack untd after we had marched, and was then ordered to Wilson's divi- sion, which did not go on the raid. Custer lost all but one hundred Heavy loss and ten men of the 6th Michigan that day, and a lot out of the other ?Pf ? *^*^^ regiments of his brigade. The rebels did just slay them. After we got breakfast we started again, and kept on towards A land of Fredericksburg; and we all supposed we should go there and get a t^l^^Zd httle rest, for we were completely exhausted. We marclied throu-h ^y ^ar. Grant's fighting ground of Spottsylvania County. The country wis covered with breastworks. It was a scorching day, and the dust - that was no name for it ! The country was all burned up. Such a scene of devastation ! Everything had the gloom of death for miles and everywhere were mounds, where men lay in their last resting- places. I tell you, it was a sad sight. Not one human being did we see all the time. I never want to go there again. We were lookino- for Fredericksburg, and got within five miles of it, when we sud- denly turned off. What was it for? Were we not going there ' We ]ust made up our minds that old Sheridan meant to kill us all when we heard we were going to West Point, to cross in transports. We 224 FIEST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864 l^^pt on, and -went within eight miles of it, when we turned round Juue. ao-ain and marched hack. Horror of horrors ! where next ? was the cry of everybody. What Is the matter ? It seems All the dismounted men, over one thousand in number, were sent raarclu ^ with over four hundred niggers and all the wagons to West Point ; and then we found we had got to go back to Dunkirk, and turn to the left to White House. It was nothing but damn, damn, all the time, all tired out, and half starved, the horses playing out every minute, and men getting sick ; it was rough indeed. A thousand fresh cavalry could have knocked us all to pieces easy. For White Well, we got to Dunkirk, and camped for the night, on the 19th. House. j;jext morning we started, and crossed the Mattapony River on the way to White House. After going two miles we met a wagon train loaded with forage and rations. You can bet there was some haul- ing of hard tack when the men got sight of the train and found what was in it. Rations were at once drawn and eaten, and we pushed for the White House again, and got within three miles of it, when our ears were greeted with the sound of 100-pound guns from our Hampton gunboats ; and who should be the cause of it but Hampton, who, with t.riGS to *^6t • * 1 /^ 1 AT our trains. 1"S whole corps, was trymg to get our trams, and General Abercrom- bie, with about a thousand infantry and the 1st Rhode Island cav- alry, in the breastworks, keeping him back with the help of the gun- boats. The train had been sent back across the bridge to the north side, out of range. Hampton did not manage his artillery well, and could make no impression on Abercrombie's lines. A night We camped that night on the north side, tired enough, and with a '^'*""' good prospect of a lively time for to-morrow, — a good thing, in our condition, to go to bed on, but hard to digest. It did not seem more than an hour after I had turned in before I felt some one })ulling my leg. I remonstrated, when an unknown voice said, "" Turn out your squadron on foot, with their arms." This was interesting. It was dark as Egypt. We got the whole division together on foot, and crossed the bridge, the 2d brigade in advance, and marched out about two miles, and found the rebels falling back. AVe then marched back, and you can bet I was glad we were not to fight that time. We crossed the bridge, got breakfast, saddled up, and recrossed the bridge again, teams and all, and had marched about two miles, when again we met the rebels. The 1st division and 2d brigade of our division drove them away, while our brigade MOSES F, WEBSTER Col'l. and Major ./fit Mass. Cav. CAPT. JOSEPH C. MURPHY HERBERT PELHAM CURTIS Capt. and LI. Col. U. S. A- SPRING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, I864. 225 dismounted and made breastworks, and we lay behind them in line i864, of battle all day, expecting an attack. How the sun did pour down ^^^' and fairly scorch us ! While we lay there the trains and our infan- try were going on the river road toward the James River. At night we fell back towards the river, higher up, and Hampton was hector- More fight- ing us all the way. We would retreat a little and then halt and face Hampton, back. With us was an infantry regiment of negroes, and they fought like devils all the way. The reason we had such a hard time was because Grant had left a large train of wagons behind him when he crossed the James, eight hundred of them altogether, and we had to see them safely across the peninsula. Hampton was reinforced by infantry, and worked hard to capture our convoy, but he did not get one wagon. We should have had no trouble but for the train. As it was, Gregg's division was left to keep Hampton off, while the train, guarded by Torbert's division, marched across, lower down. We were short of ammunition, too, both for artillery and carbines. We marched to Charles City Court House, and were sent out early in the morning, June 24, from there to St. Mary's Church, where the roads crossed, and our regiment was on picket. The adjutant and I had quite a little affair at once. We were alone, and ran into A personal seven of our friends in gray. It was a surprise party to both, and I expected to go to Richmond ; but they ran away, and we emptied our revolvers at them. While I was firing, my little horse suddenly threw up his head, and I shot him through the neck. He has got well since. Soon the rebels came up in force, but did not attack until evening, contenting themselves with picket firing all day. A message came in the afternoon to Colonel Chamberlain, saying the 1st New Jersey would relieve us, and we were to go through to Wil- cox Landing, and see if there were any signs of the enemy there, and if Sheridan had arrived with the train. We found the train arrived, and were sent back with orders to Gregg to retire. Just as we arrived, Hampton attacked in force with infantry, artillery, and cavalry. We were sent at a gallop into the line, and found every Ordered regiment but ours fighting, dismounted, and heavily engaged. We iij,g ^^ j!g. were put to support our batteries, and stayed with them, twelve fon's^at"^^ guns in all, which were firing canister into the advancing rebels, tack. It was no use ; it did not stop them. Our men on the line were out of ammunition, and in ten minutes the whole line was on the ske- daddle. The batteries' ammunition soon gave out, too, and we were 226 FIBST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, June. There- treat. Men too exhausted to get away. Enemy stop the pui'suit. seven miles from our trains, and there was nothing to do but run for it. We saved the guns with difficulty. The rebels had infantry and their whole cavalry corps against our two small brigades. They outnumbered us five to one, at least. Their sharpshooters were ac- tive, and killed Brown, and wounded Cheney and another, and in getting out we had thirty men taken prisoners. We were the last off the field, and I think it was as hot a place as I ever got into. The enemy came on so fast there was no time to mount the skir- mishers, and as the whole division was fighting on foot, there was a devil of a mess and confusion. The road was full of led horses and artillery, all mixed up with pack mules, and men mounted and dismounted, all shouting and cursing. It was the most disorderly retreat I ever have seen since I have been in the service. If the rebels had pushed hard just then they would have gobbled the whole thing. The day was awfully hot, and the men had had no water all day, and had been fighting two hours against an overwhelming force, — the last part without ammu- nition, darkness coming on, and we all played out with marching, heat, hunger, and fighting day and night for the past eighteen days continuously. You can imagine what it must have been. The rebels captured a good many of the dismounted men in the lines, and while trying to get to their horses, as it was. They were so completely used up that they could not run. They would go a few rods, and then, if their feet touched the least obstacle, they would pitch head over heels, and lie there. We told them the rebels were right after them, then they would get up with great efPort and try again, but it was no use ; they had not the strength, poor fellows ! All this time the 1st division was in camp, only seven miles away. They knew nothing of what was going on with us. General Gregg had sent couriers, but they were all captured, and no news of our situation got through. Hampton drove us until it got dark, when he stopped, and we tried to get some order into the division. In the confusion the men had got away from their regiments, and in the darkness everybody camped where he found himself, and waited for daylight to put things to rights. Some of the 10th New York went to the river before stopping. Next morning, 25th, we woke up tired enough, I tell you. The trains went on to Wilson's Landing, under cover of gunboats, and later we followed. The whole expedition lasted from the 6th of June to the 25th, and it was hell. The 1st SPRING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, I864. 227 Maine lost sixty-six men and ten officers. All lost heavily, and the 1864 loss in horses was very great, while those left were all used up — June, living skeletons. Captain Phillips, of Gregg's staff, was torn all to Expedition pieces by a shell. General Gregg himself was as cool and as stern as ^ ^^' a post. General Davies was everywhere, as usual. Colonel Cham- berlain's horse was killed, and Major Sargent's vi^ounded, and many horses were killed in the retreat at St. Mary's Church. After reaching the James, it took us two days to cross everything to the south side. When we got over we camped at Fort Powha- tan. Wilson, at this time, was on his raid. After a few days we were sent out to meet him, and help him into the lines. We did not find him, although his stragglers were everywhere, and he came in the other way, having lost all his wagons and artillery, and more men than they care to have known. I don't think these great raids amount to much. The first squadron of the regiment, A and B, was de- 1st squar tached the night before the division started on the raid, detached sent to White House Landing as guard to a wagon "^ ^' train, and, unable to rejoin the regiment in the Trevi- lian's Station raid, was ordered to the 3d division. As a consequence the regiment was short about eighty men on the raid. Recruits and old men coming up made this detachment as large as all the rest of the regiment before it returned. To this, as a nucleus. General Nucleus Wilson added all the men who came up from the rear meiTind belonging to the two divisions absent with General ^ ^^"^ ^^* Sheridan. The whole made a command of seven hun- dred and eighty men, and Captain Crowninshield was put in charge. Officers were scarce, and there were only eleven to command all these men. Attached to the 3d division, this detachment took its Gets its share of picketing and skirmishing, and in the march picketing, to the James River, when Grant crossed it, was engaged ing, and in a series of fights, notably at White Oak Swamp Bridge, June 22 and 23. Crossing the James by the Jane. 228 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, pontoon bridge, with tlie 3cl division, it was pushed rap- idly up in front of Petersburg ; and during the absence of Wilson's division, for two weeks guarded Grant's left flank, as his different corps came up and assumed posi- tion in front of that city. General Wilson, with the 3d division of cavalry, be- gan his raid to destroy the railroads leading south from Richmond and Petersburg on June 21, immecUately after crossing the James, before Grant's army corps were in position. The cavalry under Captain Crown- in shield was left behind, and reported to General Meade. For nearly two weeks it was all the mounted force with the Army of the Potomac, and had to guard the left flank and rear, and do all the scouting during that time. It had several small engagements. This detachment was relieved July 6, and the men compos- ing it reported to their respective regiments. Sheridan's two divisions did not rejoin Meade's army until June 28, arriving in a very exhausted condition with no less than 2000 men dismounted. Wilson's Wilson's raid proved unfortunate. He lost many guns and men in his retreat, after having merely tem- porarily destroyed Lee's communications south. This raid w^ould, perhaps, have been a great success had Reams Station been held by our infantry, as General Wilson expected, and as had been promised. Utility of There is no instance during the war of a cavalry raid trouabie. making any interruption of communication which was not soon repabed. While it temporarily disarranged connections, yet no army was forced to abandon its po- sition on account of such interruption. Still, these raids brought the cavalry of both sides together, and furnished opportunity for a good many lively battles. raid not a success 1864, June. SPRING AND SUMMER CA3IFAIGN, I864. 229 In those occasioned by General Wilson's raid, his cav- alry got decidedly the worst of it, and rejoined Grant's army in a demoralized and almost disorganized condi- tion. The cavalry o£ General Kautz, Army of the James, acted with Wilson. Sheridan's raid to Trevihan's Station was another in- stance of the same thing. His battles were on a larger scale, and more successful; yet Trevilian's Station raid can hardly be considered a brilliant success. The fight- ing was severe, and honors were about easy. The losses of men were great, and of horses, immense. While the odd detachments guarded the left flank of Grant's army, on the 21st of June the 2d army corps passed round the rear of the 5th corps, and went into position, facing Petersburg on the left. The cavalry detachment that day guarded the left flank of the 2d corps, reaching by patrols as far as the Weldon Rail- road ; in the afternoon it was attacked by a very large Cavalry at body of Lee's infantry, which it resisted with what force Wsln^"^ it could. The command comprised men from sixteen &e^" different regiments, armed with many kinds of fire- *''^^"'^" arms. On being slowly driven in by the infantry, it exhausted all its ammunition, even to pistol cartridges. Time was given to send word to 2d corps headquarters of the approach of this infantry, and the 3d division of the 6th corps came up at nightfall, in time to offer re- Enemy sistance to what turned out to be Hill's corps, which, VAT had it not been for this detachment of cavalry, would have come in rear of the 2d corps, and probably have caused serious disaster. Fortunately the woods were thick and the roads narrow, and this small force could offer much resistance. The next morning General Meade sent for the com- corps. 230 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, July. Meade re- fuses to believe it was HLU's corps. He finds out his mistake. Approach of Ma- hone's di- vision dis- covered. The report discredit- ed, with the usual result. mander of this detachment, and in presence of the gen- erals and staff of all his army questioned him about the attack of the evening before. After being told, Gen- eral Meade refused to believe the report, saying it was impossible Hill's corps should be there ; and speaking- very disrespectfully of cavalry in general, and this de- tachment in particular, gave the order to advance his troops towards the Weldon Railroad, on the supposition that nothing was there to interpose. He soon found out his mistake ; and, in consequence of being unwill- ing to believe the report of the cavalry officer, sustained a severe loss of a battery (Knight's) and about 2000 men. Even at this period of the war there was a strong in- clination to discredit the services of the cavalry, who were considered by many infantry officers as a useless force. A few days after, this same body of cavalry en- countered the approach of Mahone's division of Lee's army coming from the direction of the Weldon Rail- road, against the left flank of the 6tli corps. This corps was the extreme left of Grant's army, and was protected by earthworks. Again notice of the coming attack was given, and discredited ; and in rough terms the commanding officer at that point refused to believe the information afforded him, which would have given him ample time to prepare for the attack. Mahone's spirited division fairly dashed upon the troops of this officer, who ought to have been prepared, killed many of his men, captured about 1100 prisoners, largely from the 11th Vermont Heavy Artillery, and retired towards the Weldon Railroad with impunity, before sufficient troops could be brought against him. D. H. L. GLEASON Capt. and Brvi. Major. JAMES J. HIGGINSON Cupt. and Brvt. Major CAPT. JOHN DREW SPRING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, I864. 231 The three divisions of cavalry, now in pretty poor i8r,4, condition after such severe work, were united in the '^'^^' rear of the right of the army, and in a position near the James River, accessible to the railroad and supplies. They obtained a little period of rest, which they had A little well earned after then? raids of the past three weeks. ''^^*' While m camp here, several reconnoissances were made on the left flank, notably one to Reams Station, in which all the cavalry took a part, but little fighting occurrino-. The next movement of the cavalry was July 27, just before the explosion of the mine before Petersburg. Sheridan marched all. three divisions on pontoon bridges across the James River to Deep Bottom and Strawberry Plains. Hancock's 2d corps went also, and sharp fight- ing took place against Lee's infantry. The fight on our side, sustained principally by the 1st and 2d divi- sions, was successful. During this fight at New Market, Lee's infantry at- Fight at tacked Sheridan's dismounted cavalry, and was severely & ^^'''" repulsed, losing two standards. Two pieces of our artil- lery, however, were captured. General Sheridan com- plimented the officer in command for keeping his pieces in action and not withdrawing them, saying it was " easy enough to get new guns." The 1st Massachusetts was here engaged dismounted, A diyer- and lost several men. This movement was an attempt favor°of to make Lee think we were about to attack Rich- tV^burg mond, and cause him to send troops in numbers to the north bank of the river, and was really a diversion m favor of the attack to be made when the mine was sprung. This whole force was withdrawn on the night of July 29, and regained Meade's army on the disas- mine. 232 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, trous day of the blowing up of the mine. Of all the "^' fizzles of the war, this was the greatest. What ought to have been a great success became a ridiculous fail- ure, on account of the incapacity and drunkenness of the officers in charge of the assaulting columns. Lee turns At this time General Lee began a desperate diver- by threat- sion iu liis favor by sending General Early with the old Washing- Stonewall Jackson troops, Ewell's old corps, to the She- nandoah valley, where he united with his troops Whar- ton's division, and whatever there was, at the time, in the valley. They marched across into Maryland, after forcing General Hunter's command out of their path, defeating different bodies of troops sent to intercept them ; and July 12 appeared in front of the fortifica- Washing- tious of Washington, which city they came within an escaper ^ acc of capturiug. A very little more push would have accomplished this ; but they fell short of success by a narrow margin. The 6th corps arrived at the critical moment, when all the odds and ends about Washing- ton, including invalid corps, militia, and home guards, were in the forts, expecting to be attacked in force by Early. This caused General Grant to detach General Sheridan, and with him two of his three divisions of cavalry. The 6th corps of infantry, General H. G. Wright, had preceded him, and the 19tli army corps, which had just arrived on the James River on trans- ports from New Orleans, was made a part of the move- ment. The successful Shenandoah Valley campaign, under General Sheridan, came as a sequel to this movement. Captain Crowninshield was detached July 26, to act on General Sheridan's staff as A. A. D. C., and did not again rejoin the regiment. capture. SPRING AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, 186 J^. 233 At no time during the war was the hardship anything i864, at all equal to the summer of 1864. While the work " ^" was most severe and unremitting, there were fewer offi- Hardships cers to perform it. The pay amounted to nothing. It merofTsei must be remembered that officers, from circumstances, pfeT^™ were obliged to have enlisted men to do their work, or else do it themselves, and were often obHged to use gov- ernment horses or go afoot. It seemed, at times, impossible for regiments to con- Seeming tinue in the field. The men would get dismounted at wifty of a fearful rate ; and once a man got dismounted, he upX'^ would often disappear and never be seen again. Some ^^^^^^ ' of the men who lost their horses in June on the Trevi- lian raid were sent from dismounted camp at City Point to Maryland, and did not rejoin the regiment for many months. It will be noticed that at this time not a single squa- Dearth of dron in the regiment was commanded by an officer of ''^''^'^• higher rank than 2d lieutenant. Only two captains were present on duty, and each commanded a battalion. Several companies had no officers, and were assigned to officers commanding other companies. Even of the officers commanding squadrons, some were not commis- sioned, only acting. Several sergeants declined a pro- motion, which brought with it excessive responsibility and totally inadequate pay, — in some cases indebted- ness instead of pay. Extracts from letters written home say of this : — July 11, 1864. If the flies will let me, I shall write you a letter, but they are so Discom- very plentiful, and so very hungry, that it would be something to ac- thfdrf complish worth boasting of. This long spell of dry weather has weather. made all kinds of insects very abundant, and has made the flies 234 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1804, madly voracious. They are everywhere, and eat everything they •^^ ^' come in contact with. Fortunately they seem to need rest at-night, but by day they neither rest themselves nor will they let anybody else rest. I have never seen them so terrible anywhere. Between them and the dust and heat our life is not exactly agreeable. There is a look of rain to-day, and I pray we may not be doomed to disap- pointment. The ground is actually baked up, and all the crops must be ruined. Corn has shriveled up, and the leaves on the trees rat- tle as in the autumn. Our brief period of rest does not consequently amount to nuich. At the present rates my pay don't amount to anything at all. We have calculated that in favorable times an officer will owe govern- ment about $25 a month, instead of getting anything from it. They make us pay twenty-five cents a pound for beef, fifty-one cents for coffee, etc., etc. Beef used to cost seven cents, and coffee fifteen cents. JSickness The awfully diy weather is causing much sickness among the terrible men. The men seem to dry up, as evei-ything green has done, dust. They are reduced almost to skeletons. The earth is really baked, and the dust is quite beyond describing. The horses are suffering in consequence. Every evening we go through all the signs of thun- der showers, — clouds, wind, and often thunder and lightning, — but never any rain. A letter written July 17 gives a description of the heat and desolation existing about Petersburg at that time : — I was just writing to you on the 11th, and got four lines written, when " the General " sounded, and away we all went, in the dust and heat, to the extreme left of the army. We had been in that camp three days. Experi- Nobody knew where we were going, but judging by the Trevilian had to g^et ra^f^' some said Maryland. used to. ^^Q jqq]j q[\ ^ight to go the five miles to the infantry outposts, as all the roads were blocked up with dead pine trees. At daylight we halted by the 5th corps breastworks, got something to eat, and marched on down the plank road until we met the rebel pickets, and the 1st Pennsylvania ran them in three miles, when we met Hill's . r*iR"^SlSilfj*< If ^ mf CAPT. DAVID W, HERRICK GEORGE L. BRADBURY rsi Lieut, and Adjt. SPRIJSFG AND SUMMER CAMPAIGN, 186^. 235 corps. After some manoeuvring, and some light skirmisliing, we i864, came back, after losing a few men in the brigade. We supported ^^' the battery, as usual, and lost nobody. The rebels were laying traps for us, and tried to make us advance, but we did not " see it." We then fell back two miles, and went into camp. We were somewhere near Reams Station. The whole country about here is desolate, and utterly dried up. Negroes say nothing was ever known like it, and we found no water anywhere for horses or men until we got to Lee's Mills. All the wells were dried up. We remained at Lee's Mills in camp until yesterday, when we Tlie usual were relieved by the 1st division, just as we had got our camps nicely cleared up after hard work. That is the usual way, you know ; and then after marching and countermarching, got here to Lighthouse Point. On the march the dust filled the air for miles. It was dreadful, The unex- • !■ 1 111 ampled and sometimes for an hour you could not see the squadron ahead dust and for the dust. Men and horses were almost stifled. I thought I had ®^ " seen dust and heat on the Trevilian raid, but that was not a circum- stance to this now. We have not had a drop of rain since June came in ; and by the look of the sky we are not likely to have one until next June. At Lighthouse Point we did not go to our old camp. I call it " old," although we were there only three days, and that is as long as we have been in one place since the campaign opened. This time, for a wonder, we have got a camp in the woods, the first time this year. At first a nasty hole, half of the trees dead, and the pine needles a foot deep. At it we went, and after a day's hard work we have made a splendid camp, clean and shady. I [Lieutenant Drew] now command A and B squadron ; Lieutenant Officers Russell, E, F, and K ; this makes the 1st battalion, commanded by ^"jth the Captain Crowninshield ; the two squadrons have only four officers, colors. The 2d battalion is under Captain Tewksbury, Lieutenant Hcrrick commanding 1st squadron, G and H, Lieutenant Howland the 2d, I, L, and M ; and there are only three officers for the two squa- drons. Sergeant Littlefield is acting adjutant, and Lieutenants Mar- tin and Lyman are really sergeants, acting as lieutenants. Wood is acting as my cook, and cooks well when there is any- thing to cook. Things are high, and no pay yet. They now charge us officers $53 for a servant, and five per cent off their pay, and forty cents a day for riding a government horse. So you will see what my month's pay amounts to. 236 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Jul*' [better from Lieutenant-Colonel S. E. Chamberlain to Governor Andrew.] Lighthouse Point, Va., July 6, 1864. Letter to Reported at headquarters of cavalry corps, May 26. The regi- AndUw.^ ment has 396 officers and men for duty, in camp. Captain Adams' command at headquarters Army of Potomac not included. . . . Cap- tain Cro^vninshield just joined the regiment with 180 men, after a month's absence. General Davies spoke in high terms of Major Sargent's conduct in the Sheridan raid to Richmond. He compliments him in warm terms. CHAPTER XI. MUSTER OUT OF OLD MEN. REORGANIZATION OF REG- IMENT. WINTER BEFORE PETERSBURG. AUGUST 1, 1864, TO JULY 18, 1865. After the 1st and 3cl divisions had gone to the i8G4, valley of the Shenandoah with Sheridan, the cavalry with Grant's armies consisted of the 2d division, under Cavalry D, McM. Gregg, and Kautz's brigade, attached to the Grant by Army of the James. On the Confederate side there were W. H. F. Lee's and Hampton's divisions. These occasionally made attacks on Grant's flanks and rear, and thus encountered Gregg's division, which was used generally to picket the flanks and rear. It also took part in all the attempts to advance our lines on the left, along the Weldon and South Side railroads. The Makes ex- principal expedition of the cavalry was that which Roanoke began December 6, in which infantry and cavalry de- stroyed a part of the South Side Railroad, and reached the Roanoke River at Bellfield. When Greg-o; was left alone, he established his head- Pickets the left quarters not far from the Weldon Railroad, to guard the and rear. left and rear, and picket duty became regularly divided up between the two brigades. One regiment or more was usually at Prince George Court House, from which a principal road led to the rear, and a force was always on guard towards Reams Station. On August 14 Gregg's division crossed the James 238 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, at the place wliere Sheridan crossed it on July 28, and ugust. ^j^^ division was, as then, accompanied by the 2d army Associated corps o£ General Hancock. This corps was the mova- Tock's ^" hie one, and was frequently hurried out on either flank. corps. in company with the cavalry. The Confederates after confronting it at short intervals on opposite flanks of the army, used to designate it as "Hancock's flying- corps." Movement The movcmeut of August 14 across the James was James. ^ similar to that of July 28, on which occasion the object was a diversion in favor of the mine explosion. The advance was by the same roads, towards Malvern Hill. Hancock's infantry being on the left, next the river, was sharply engaged, and considerable skirmishing and fighting also took place on the right, where the cavalry was placed, and Colonel Gregg, commanding the 2d brigade, was wounded. The regiment lost, one killed, three wounded, five missing. Confederate infantry was met ; but before any general engagement occurred, all Kecross the force returned across the James on the 19th, and to Weidon the cavalry marched at once to the extreme left, on the Weldon Railroad, where it became engaged on the 21st, while supporting working parties who were destroying the railroad, and lost three men wounded. On the two following days the same movement con- tinued ; the working parties were not soldiers, but men hired for the purpose. On the 23d three men were wounded. Advance From here an advance was made towards Dinwiddie uSddie Court Housc. The place was reached, and at night the House. brigade retired to a creek and camped. Early in the morning the brigade returned to the town, and were soon attacked by the enemy in force. BEFORE PETERSBURG. 239 He pushed the brlj^ade back some distance until the 2d i8C4, brigade was met, and the enemy was repulsed. Miles ber. brigade of infantry was discomfited, and some confu- sion resulted, the enemy at one time getting in our rear. At four A. M. the whole force was in line of battle. Return to awaiting an attack that did not come, and later the again, whole force marched back. The cavalry returned to their camps near the Weldon Railroad, and the regiment remained two days, going, on the 29th, on picket near the Perkins House. On the 2d of September an advance was made to the Advance Yellow House, on the Weldon Railroad, marching at two low House. A. M. Some manoeuvring followed, but no fight, and at night all returned to camp. Except for a tour of picket, the regiment remained in camp until the 16th of the month. On that morning, at two a. m., the brigade marched rapidly down the Jerusalem Plank Road, nearly to the Nottoway River, towards Hawkinsville, where the enemy was found in earthworks, with artillery. A raid had been made the day before on the rear, and a herd of 2500 cattle had been captured and carried off by Lee's cavalry. It was hoped they might be recaptured and the force intercepted by our cavalry, but the enemy had too much start. General Davies and his troopers got Troopers their blood up and charged the works most gallantly, earth- surprising the enemy, and capturing prisoners. Several charges were made. The brigade — the 1st Pennsyl- vania being on other duty — numbered 1500. In this fight the regiment lost two killed, ten wounded, and nine missing. In camp again. Quiet ruled for a little while, a tour 240 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. i8(M, of picket being the only move. On the 24th a salute 1)6?^°"' of one hundred shotted guns was fired into Petersburg, in honor of Sheridan's victories of Winchester and Fisher's Hill, in the Shenandoah Valley. ToWeidon September 27 all the brigade marched to Prince Railroad, q^^^^^ q^^^^.j. House, and next day to theWeldon Rail- road, arrivino- at eio-ht a. m., and remained for a time, expecting an attack Avhich did not come. Then the brigade returned to camp on the 28th. General Davies, having recovered from his wound, had returned, and taken command of the brigade the day before. Lieutenant-Colonel Chamberlain was promoted colo- nel in Colonel Sargent's place, September 30, and Ma- jor L. M. Sargent, Jr., lieutenant-colonel. On the 28th Colonel Colonel Chamberlain and Surgeon Wood left the field, lain leaves tlic fomicr goiug to AnuapoUs, Md., to command the reg:iment, oo iiii -i i and made parolcd cauiD there, a place he had occupied several Colonel of i ^ ^ . 5th Mass. times before. He made an address to the resnment on Cavaky. ^ , leaving. July 26, 1865, on Colonel Adams' resignation, he was made colonel of the 5th Massachusetts cavalry (negro), and served with that regiment in Texas, until its muster out, October 31, 18C5. It will be remembered that the old men of the regi- ment came to camp at Readville September 9-16, 1861. They were mustered into the United States service " for three years or during the war," November 1, 1861. Some doubt existed as to when the term of service When would expire. The men naturally thought they should listment bc discharged and mustered out in three years from the should T» 1 I'll! enti- date of enlistment. But the government decided that service would not end until three years from the date of mustering in. On October 24 the following order •was issued : — LIEUT. WALTER MILES LIEUT. EDW. R. MERRILL LIEUT. FRANCIS WASHBURN {Col. 4th Cav. and Bvvt. Brig. Genl.] BEFORE PETERSBURG. 241 Headquarters Army of the Potomac. _ 1864, Orfo6er24,1864. °"*«^""- Special Orders. No. 287. [Extract.] 6. The term of service of the 1st regiment Massachusetts Volun- Order for teer Cavalry being about to expire, that regiment, excepting the out of officers hereinafter mentioned, and the reenlisted men and those who j^^^en'^ ^^'^'^ have joined since the date of original organization, will, on to-mor- row, the 25th instant, proceed to Boston, Mass., under the connnand of the senior officer, to be discharged, these to be reported to the chief mustering officer for the State, to be mustered out of service. The horses and equipments of the men to be discharged will be turned over to the proper departments of the staff, to mount dis- mounted men of the 2d cavalry division. The men of the legiment who are to remain in service will, under the direction of the division commander, be formed into comj^anies, as required by paragraph 3, Circular No. 36, of May, 1864, from the AVar Dejjartment. The following named officers are selected to officer the portion of Officers the regiment not discharged : — mained. Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel E. Chamberlain. Major Henry L. Higginson. Major Lucius M. Sargent, Jr. Surgeon Albert Wood. Assistant Surgeon S. W. Abbott. Assistant Surgeon Samuel H. Durgin. Chaplain George W. Gorham. Captain B. W. Crowninshield, company A. 2d Lieutenant John Drew, company E. 2d Lieutenant John W. Martin, company F. 2d Lieutenant D. W. Herrick, company H. Captain Amos L. Hopkins, company K. Captain Joseph C. Murphy, company L. Captain Edward A. Flint, company C. 2d Lieutenant William Foy Smith. 2d Lieutenant L. N. Duchesney, company B, Captain T. L. Motley, company F. Captain H. Pelham Curtis, company H. 242 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, October. Officers who were mustered out. 2d Lieutenant John W. Rowland, company I. 1st Lieutenant Edward S. Wilson, company K. 2d Lieutenant Newell B. Allen, company L. 1st Lieutenant George H. Teague, company C. 1st Lieutenant J. J. Higginson, company D. 2d Lieutenant J. A. Baldwin, company D. The following named officers will accompany the regiment for the purpose of being nmstered out : — ■ 1st Lieutenant and A. C. S. John L. Brigham. 1st Lieutenant John A. Goodwin, company A. 1st Lieutenant Charles G. Davis, company E. 1st Lieutenant Edward J. Russell, company F. 2d Lieutenant Frank W. Hayden, company G. The Quartermaster's Department will furnish the necessary trans- portation. By command of Major-General Meade. (Signed) S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant-General. Headquarters 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, October 26, 1804. Official. George L. Bradbury, Lieutenant and Adjutant. The mus- Orders were given for the men to proceed in squads ter out iu i • -r> j 1 Boston. to Massachusetts, for muster out in l3oston, and on October 24 the men who were to be discharged went to the rear from the Davis House, where a serious fight had been going on. October 25 they turned in their equipments and horses, and went to Boston in charge of Lieutenant J. L. Brigham. On November 6, at the armory of the National Lancers in Sudbury Street, they were mustered out of service and paid off. Captain Crowninshield was mustered out at the same time and place by orders issued subsequent to the above. Another advance was made October 29, the regiment marching that day to the railroad, about three miles BEFORE PETERSBURG. 243 from Reams Station, and later out towards the Vaughan isei, November. Road, fighting and skirmishing all the way. The Con- federate cavalry was driven back about three miles on Skirmish- the 30th. Next day, November 1, the enemy attacked Vaughau in force, with cavalry, infantry, and artillery. Davies' whole briofade threw up hastily constructed earthworks, Enemy at- near the Davis House, and fouo^ht so well that the the Davis ^ ° House. enemy was three times repulsed, and finally fell back. In this fight the 6th Ohio, being surprised at the begin- ning, lost one hundred men taken prisoners. The 1st Massachusetts lost this day, two killed, three wounded, and one missings. Until the 7th of November the brigade remained in the neighborhood of the fight, being, on the 2d, on picket on the Wilkinson Road ; the 3d, in camp near the Davidson House ; the 4th, on the Nyatt Road, about half a mile on the right; 5th and 6th, in camp. On the ^t West- 7th returned to camp at Westbrook House, where some h^^ rest and quiet were had. When Colonel Chamberlain left the regiment, Cap- tain Murphy was in command. The regiment was paid off November 10. TJie regimental band was broken up, and the men returned to their companies — those who had reenlisted. A brigade band was organized, and one man of the regiment joined it. The band instru- ments were sent to Boston to be sold, to pay the ac- count of Mr. Whitcomb, the leader. The regiment took its regular tours of picket duty. On the 23d General Davies reviewed the new (3d) bri- gade, consisting of the 1st Massachusetts and 21st Pennsylvania. The division and Hancock's corps moved out Novem- Dinwiddle ber 26 to the left flank, towards Dinwiddie Court House, Ho'^se. 244 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, via the Perkins House. On the next day skirmishing ovem er. £^jjQ^^,g^|^ .^^^j ^j^^ regiment, acting as rear-guard, had a mild fight, in which two men were wounded and four missing. Regiment picketed road on the left, leading to Boydton Plank Road. At three p. m. on the 28th the whole force Avithdrew, and the regiment returned to camp. Here it remained in quiet, and November 28 moved a half mile to Westbrook House, and began log- ging up the tents and the estabhshment of a permanent Winter camp for winter quarters. Later, orders came to make S> "^^ the Avinter camp at Prince George Court House ; but when it was found that the 1st Massachusetts had al- ready taken so much pains with its camp, the other bri- gade was put there, and the 1st brigade was placed near the 1st Massachusetts. Camp of There the camp was improved, and before long it be- ihusews a came a model, and the other regiments were ordered to establish new camps, after an inspection by General Gregg, who particularly praised that built by the 1st Massachusetts. The 24th New York, a new regiment, was put in the brigade, and the 6th Ohio was put into the 3d brio;ade. The Confederates, since the destruction of the Wel- don Railroad, had been sending supplies to Stony Creek Station, about twelve miles out from Petersburg, and from there everything was transported by wagons to the South Side Railroad into Petersburg. Expedition Stouy Creck Station was protected by a fort mount- I'reek sta- iug fivc guus, and there was a garrison of dismounted cavalry. Besides this force, Hampton's division of cav- alry was camped only a mile away. Near the station were a mill and large storehouses. At three a. m. on November 30 the whole division marched to the rail- tion BEFORE PETERSBURG. 245 road, one and a half miles above Stony Creek Station, ^^i864,^^ arriving about noon. The 2d and 3d brigades at once attacked the station. Fortuken The garrison was surprised and at first made slight re- p|ies^d|- sistance, and soon threw down their arms ; but retook them and continued the fight on seeing only a small assailing force. The fort was attacked by our cavalry mounted, and the enemy was surrounded, and surren- dered. Two brass guns Avere thrown into the well, and the three others — 32-pounders— were brought ofP. The mills, factories, shops, and storehouses were de- stroyed, including 3000 bushels corn, 500 bales hay, 300 axes, 500 shovels, and 50 barrels of whiskey. While the fire was raging, Hampton's cavalry came up, but was repulsed after a Hvely fight. General Davies, general who had a fatality for getting hit in the foot, was again again^^^ struck in the same place by a spent ball. All the force retreated after their work was fully accomplished, and arrived in camp at ten P. m., after a most successful expedition and a march of fifty miles. After four days' quiet in camp, another expedition, Ex^dition on a large scale, was ordered, to endeavor to interrupt Kaiiroad. the enemy's use of the Weldon Railroad altogether. For this purpose the whole of the 5th corps and a part of the 2d, together with all of Gregg's and Kautz's cav- alry, were assigned. Gregg's division started before daylight, December 7, and marched all day, arriving at Sussex Court House at night, where it bivouacked. On the way the Nottoway River was crossed by fording. About noon, December 8, a small force of the enemy was met at Jarrett's Sta- tion, was easily defeated, and the station and water tanks were destroyed. Here camp was made for the night. 246 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1861, December. Enemy met in force. Next day the exj^edition marelied south along the rail- road, destroying the track as jDrogress was made. At Three Creek a crossing was made by pontoon bridge and fording, and two miles further on, near the Meher- rin River, the enemy was met in force, with works and nine guns. He had offered but small resistance until this position was reached. The station on the railroad was Bellfield, on the north side. The object was to destroy the bridge across the river. On the south side were three forts. To carry the works on the north side a dismounted charge was made by part of the brigade, and Lieutenant-Colonel Sargent was ordered to support them with a mounted charge across an open field, be- yond which was a river and the nine guns. The charge was made in skirmishing order, and the regiment found itself under the guns, but unable to get in to them, on account of the water. The enemy could not depress his guns enough to hit the men, who were directly un- der them. To get out. Colonel Sai'gent ordered the men to disperse and retreat across the field in very open order. His plan was eminently successful for the rest, but in going across the field he was hit by a piece of shell in the shoulder, which ranged down through his chest, a very severe wound, of which he died in a few minutes. Himself a surgeon, he was aware of the nature of his wound, and he said to the man who picked liim up, " This is the last of me." He recognized Cap- tain Teague also. Of all the officers connected with the regiment, very few were with it in the field so long as Lieutenant-Colonel Sargent. He was the last one to A most be killed or wounded. He was a most accomplished accom- -1 ., . n -,• piished man, and a very versatile one. A surgeon of distin- man. guishcd accomplishmeut, fond of athletic sports, he Colonel Sargent killed. l_IEUT. LUCIUS H. MORRILL Capt. 4th Cav. LiEUT. GEORGE BLAGDEiM Major 2nd Mtiss Cot. lEUT. ALTOW E. Phli-LlPi BEFORE PETERSBURG. 247 excelled in all ; a remarkable drauglitsman, his surgical i864, drawings are still admired at the Massachusetts General ^'''"'^''• Hospital. He was a good Shakespearian scholar. In conversation he was witty, and would often entertain a tent full of officers for hours by his brilliant talk and curious stories, of which he had an inexhaustible sup- ply of all hinds. His body was sent to Boston, and his funeral at Jamaica Plain was largely attended. After the fight the bridge and station were burned, and the cavalry retreated to Coman's Wells, and the next day, after a very disagreeable icy march over bad roads, pro- gress was made to near Sussex Court House, where the night was passed. On this day the bodies of several soldiers were found, who had been bushwhacked and murdered. In retaliation, all the houses were burned as the command marched in. December 11 was an ex- cessively cold day. The men suffered severely, and Much suf- some had their feet frozen while on the march. The Sf.'" day before, some of our infantry were met, who had camp.*° come out to support the expedition in case Lee should attack it. After a wearisome march, camp was reached at two o'clock in the morning of December 12. The slow march back was caused by the infantry having the advance ; the cavalry bringing up the rear. The regiment was now commanded by John Tewks- bury, made lieutenant-colonel December 10, 1864. Lieuten- Winter quarters were made comfortable, and nothing ^t"^- more exciting occurred than picketing the line from commrnd. Lee's Mills to the James River, the part taken by the 1st brigade, General Davies commanding. Lieutenant-Colonel Tewksbury issued the following report of the composition of the regiment shortly after taking command : — 248 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 18G3, February. Repriment after con- solidation. Headquarteks 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, Near Petersburg, Va., January 5, lb65. Brigadier-General William Schouler, AdJu(ant-Gene/)'al State of Massachusetts. General, — I have the honor to inform you of the consolidation of the companies of this regiment, in compliance with special order No. 287, headquarters Army of the Potomac, a copy of which I en- close. The twelve companies were consolidated into seven, and a nucleus of the eighth, with maximum strength, and in the following manner : company H and nine of company M formed company A ; companies A and B and five of M formed company B ; company D and thirty of M formed company D ; company C and sixty-five of I formed company C ; companies E and F formed company E ; com- pany L and twelve of M formed company G ; companies G and H and eighteen of I formed company F. The remainder of companies I and M formed the nucleus of com- pany H. The whole strength of the regiment, on paper, being 729 men. I also enclose a roster of the commissioned officers of the regi- ment. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, John Tewksbury, 3IaJor commanding 1st Massachusetts Cavalry. Character of the re- cruits. Hatcher's Hun. There were present with the colors about four hun- dred men. Recruits came from Massachusetts, composed princi- pally of Germans and French, the latter mostly Alsa- tians. Of these many were excellent soldiers, in spite of their ignorance of English. The hospital steward, Jean O'Hara — a Franco-German Irishman — spoke all the languages of his descent fluently, and was besides an excellent medical assistant. His many accomplish- ments made him a man of note in the regiment. Jan- uary 13, salutes were fired for Sherman's success". The next battle was on February 5 and 6. On the 5th all Gregg's division started out by Reams Station BEFORE PETERSBURG. 249 to Dinwicldie Court House, pushing back the enemy's i865, , , n p 1 February. pickets, and at the latter place captured a bonted- erate colonel on leave o£ absence, and a mail. At nioht the division moved back to Rowanty Creek and camped. The enemy had come in in the rear, and were destroying the bridge, when the command returning met them and drove them away. At midnight the division set off via the Court House again, towards Hatcher's Run. General Davies returned this morning from leave of absence, and took command of his bri- gade. On getting to the Vaughan Road the infantry, 5th corps, was met, and line of battle was formed, with infantry on the right, 1st brigade on the left, and 2d brigade on the road, mounted, and a charge was ordered on the enemy, Early's corps, which had come out to at- tack. Colonel Greeraf, commanding the 2d brigade, was Colonel almost at once wounded in the foot, and when taken to General Davies the rear met General Davies, and asked him to take his wounded. place and charge the enemy. No sooner was the charge begun than General Davies was wounded severely in the breast and arm. Although a gallant charge was made GaUant on the enemy's infantry it failed, and many officers of faUs. prominence were killed and Avounded, among them Colo- nel Janeway and Lieutenant-Colonel Beaumont of the 1st New Jersey, and Lieutenant-Colonel Tremaine of the 10th New York — the latter mortally. A severe fight ensued on the right with the 5th corps. In this eno-ao-ement the 1st Massachusetts was held in reserve and not engaged. The division lost about one hundred and twenty men. A severe storm of sleet and rain made this move very trying, but the lines were ad- vanced on the left, and the cordon that was shutting in General Lee's army was tightened. 250 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1865, On the 8th the cavah-y returned to camp, arrivinir in March. . , . ' '^ the mornnig, being withch-awn on the 7th, at night. Nothing of importance occurred to the regiment from Resigna- this time until March 17. On February 12 General D. tion of-.|-,|-^ . - ^ General JVlcJVl. Gregg rcsigucd and went home on account of illness. He was greatly regretted by every officer and man of the command he had so ably led since May, 1862, two years before. Under all circumstances he was calm, ready, and undismayed. He was a man of fine presence, of correct habits, and always a perfect gentle- man and soldier. Few generals commanded the same body of men as long as General Gregg commanded the 2d cavalry division. When the battle was doubtful, his presence was worth a brigade of reinforcements. His connection with the 1st Massachusetts cavalry was al- ways of the jjleasantest. Our last The Vaughan Road expedition was the last the reffi- tion. ment made with the division. On March 17 orders came for the regiment to report to Brigadier-General Collis, commanding at City Point, for provost duty. On leav- ing. General Davies, commanding the division, issued the following order : — Headquarters 2d Cavalry Division, March 17, 1865. Special Orders. No. 58. [Extract.] Ordered to The general commanding regrets that the exigencies of the ser- City Point. '^^^^ require the sei3aration of the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry from this command. In parting with that regiment he desires to express to the officers and men his high appreciation of the valuable services they have rendered, and the good conduct by which they liave been uniformly distinguished. All officers and enlisted men of the regiment now on detailed duty within this division will, as soon as practicable, be re- lieved, and ordered to report to the regiment at City Point. NATHANIEL BOWDITCH ist Li. and Adji. GREENLEAF W. BATCHELDER ist Lieut, and Adjt. A'lLLIAM W. W/.r.__^ /.-■/ Lieut, and Adjt. BEFORE PETERSBURG. 251 The enlisted men of the regiment now in the dismounted camp at is65 City Point will be sent to the regimental headquarters when estab- "^P^' lished. By command of Bkigadier-General Da vies. (Signed) A. H. Bibbek, Captain and Aide-de-camp. While tlie attack on Petersburg was going- on, the regiment picketed the rear of the 9th army corps. Camp was established on a high bluff overlooking the James River. Many prisoners came in from the front, captured by Sheridan and the 5th corps, and the regiment's hands were full, guarding them. It was an exciting and wild time. Every day added to the wonder, as prisoners by thousands came in, and guns by scores, and endless other captured property. On the famous 9th of April, when Lee's surrender was announced, everything at Lee's sur- City Point that could make a noise of any kind united «!!" in contributing to the hallelujah for the end of the war — for every soldier so regarded it. Steamers and loco- motives whistled, guns thundered, bands played, trum- pets blew, and every human throat added its vibrations, until pandemonium seemed let loose. General Ewell and many of less note, and 8000 pris- oners, came from Sailor's Creek battle. April 14, the regiment marched towards Meade's headquarters with 3000 conscripts, substitutes, and bounty-jumpers, a motley crew. These were handed over to headquarters at Burkes- ville on the 17th. After one day's rest the regiment marched out, and a detachment was sent to capture, if Ordered to possible, a famous guerrilla named Harvey and his gang. guerriuL They had been robbing and terrorizing the country serteS: near Charlotte Court House, pitiless to the impoverished 252 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1805, May. News of Lincoln's assassina- tion. March to Rich- mond. natives and soldiers alike. The balance of the regiment, with the 2d Pennsylvania cavalry, was ordered towards Lynchburg in search of deserters and stragglers, and that useless froth that hangs round the edge of an army. The first day brought the column to Prince Edward Court House, and the regiment camped on the farm of a Mr. Dickenson, quondam Confederate representative to Cono-ress. It was at once curious to notice that own- ership of land became an element of camping. During the war, nobody knew or cared to know the name of the owner of a camping ground. While they were marching by the railroad, the engi- neer of a passing locomotive threw to the men a news- paper containing the news of the assassination of Pres- ident Lincoln. His reelection in the autumn, not long before, gave new life to the war, and particularly to the Army of the Potomac. Now his violent death at almost the moment of victory saddened every soldier, and mea- surably lessened the joy of triumph. Spring Creek Church was reached April 25, and the country was comparatively peaceful and undevastated. Hampden Sidney College was near, and pretty well played out by the war. This expedition ended April 28, at Burkesville, a considerable section of country having been scoured. What a difference from a march with an eager and en- terprising enemy pressing the column ! Now Confeder- ate soldiers were guests, and came curiously to camp, as if to see their friends. On May 2 the march north began. Proceeding via Amelia Court House, Chesterfield County, and Man- chester, Richmond was reached May 6, and Meade's BEFORE PETERSBURG. 253 army was reviewed by General Meade and General Hal- isfis, leek. General Lee saw the army pass, from the Court House steps. From Manchester all the dismounted men were sent March to- to Washington via City Point. The march was now Wasiiing- resumed towards Washington, the different army corps taking different roads for convenience. The regiment passed through Concord Church, Bowling Green, Fred- ericksburg, Stafford Court House, Potomac Run (where the regiment had passed the winter of 1862-63), Dum- fries, Centreville, Fairfax Court House, and Alexandria. At Arlington Heights, near the National Cemetery, camp Camp at was established, and here in this neighborliood, with Heights. one change of camp, the regiment remained until May 28. It participated in the review of the Army of the Potomac May 23, joining the division for the i}urpose, and on the 28th it rejoined the division for good, camp- ing at a place near Fairfax Seminary, by Alexandria. Here the men were made as comfortable as possible, and if more liberty was not allowed on account of the situation, it was at any rate taken by some commands. June 4, some Western cavalrymen " went through " some of the sutler's tents, causing a great disturbance, and the 1st Massachusetts was called on to quell the row. On June 18 the rolls for muster out were ordered to be got ready, and the end was in sight. On the 25th of June, all government property having been turned over, the regiment left Alexandria for home, Leave Ai- n -n 1 • 1 11 exandria starting at live a. m., reveille having been sounded at for home. three a. m., and camp broken soon after. The sick men went too, being taken in ambulances to the cars, and then placed in freight cars, on hay procured for the purpose. During the, previous six weeks 250,000 men 254 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1865, had been transported by the railroads leading north from Washington. Baltimore was reached at evening, and Philadelphia next morning. The cars took the men to Amboy ; a boat, to the Battery in New York. On the 28th the Neptune Line propeller Galatea took the regiment on board, and landed them next morning at Providence ; Reach and before noon they reached Readville, from which place the regiment originally went by cars on December 26, 1861, almost exactly three years and six months previously. Before night nearly all the men had gone home on leave of absence. As there was no duty to be done, and the last thing was to be paid off, discipline was un- The final ncccssary. All departed, to be reassembled for the last separation, ^j^^^ when the paymaster should be ready to pay them. This occurred nearly a month later, on July 18, and the men separated forever as soldiers. Readville. CHAPTER XII. THE THIRD BATTALION, FROM AUGUST 19, 1862. When the 1st and 2d battalions of the regiment left 1862, South Carolina for Virginia, August 19, 1862, it was supposed by all that the 3d battalion would soon follow the other two. General Mitchell, who succeeded Gen- eral Hunter, remonstrated at the departure of so many troops from Hilton Head, and succeeded in getting an order issued that no more troops should be taken away. Among those left was the 3d battalion, and it was all 3d battai- the cavalry in this department. One company was sta- tahied at tioned at Hilton Head, with headquarters at Lawton's Head, plantation, and the other three at Beaufort, in the old camp. The 3d battalion was commanded by Major A. H. Stevens, Jr. Major Curtis, the senior major, com- manded all of the regiment in South Carolina, includ- ing, besides the 3d battalion, some men of other com- panies, who had been left there for one reason or another. In September, however, finding it impossible Efforts fail to get the 3d battalion away. Major Curtis left South dTrs^Yat- Carohna to rejoin the regiment in Maryland, and man- Sm'ith "^""^ aged to take the regimental band with him. A little later Colonel Williams succeeded in getting to Virginia all the men belonging to the 1st and 2d battalions ; and they went north in charge of Lieuten- ant Henry P. Bowditch, and reported to the regiment 256 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1S62, August. Picketing, patrolling, and or- derly duty. Service irksome. 3d battal- ion made indepen- dent. in Maryland, near Hagerstown. On the 2d of Septem- ber tlie 3d battalion was actually shipped, and started north, but met the tug Rescue before getting out, and was ordered back. Althouoh the 3d battalion could not be got away at this time, it was thought that soon they would be ordered north to join the command in Virgfinia. In South Carolina active operations ceased on any important scale, and the duty of the 3d battahon was pretty closely confined to picketing, patrolling, and or- derly duty, for a long time. October 22 a reconnoissance towards Pocotaligo, across the ferry, was made, in which the battalion took part. Captain Rand of company L was ordered to Gen- eral Saxton's staff as A. A. A. G., and continued on that duty for several months. The climate was trying ; but by great care the health of the men was maintained. The service, however, was irksome, and lacking in excitement. May 29 company M went to Hilton Head, and company L to General Saxton's headquarters as guard. July 16 the patrol had trouble in the town with some artillerymen on a spree, and Corporal Bartol of com- pany K was shot through the lungs. August 4, 1863, the 3d battalion was made in- dependent of the other two, and was called the Inde- pendent Battalion, Massachusetts Cavalry Volunteers. October 2, Frasier, company K, was captured while near the Rose place. The following letter from Major Stevens to Adju- tant-General Schouler gives an account of the battahon and its doings at this time : — LIEUT. ALBERT F. RAY \ Major 4tk Cav.] LIEUT. C. CHANCEY PARSONS [Afajor 5th Ca-u.^ LIEUT. GEO. M. FILLEBROWN command. THE THIRD BATTALION. 257 Headquarters Independent Battalion, 1864, Massachusetts Cavalry Volunteers. January. Hilton Head, S. C, January 21, 18(34. To Wm. Schouler, Adjutant-General Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts. General, — I have the honor to reply to your order of date of Major 12th inst., received this day, which is the first request of the kind report, that I have received. The headquarters of the battalion have been at Beaufort, S. C, since date of last report (October 31, 1862), where three companies were stationed ; the fourth company was stationed at Hilton Head, s. c. The command at Beaufort, consisting of companies A, B, and C, Duty and were constantly on duty, part of them as patrol, mounted police, etc. ^^(^^ ^f ^^g The balance of the command were on outpost duty constantly ; being obliged to stand picket guard every third night, and frequently every other night, giving the men only one night in. The line picketed extended along the shore of Broad River, some twelve miles, and was a duty of no trifling importance, and was done with credit to the men, and rewarded with the respect and approbation of the sev- eral commanders of the post. The fourth company (company D), under the command of Cap- tain Thayer, was stationed at Hilton Head, S. C, and doing outpost duty, with its headquarters at Lawton's plantation. A detachment from company A went to Folly Island in April, 1863. In June the remainder of the company were ordered to Hil- ton Head, where they did outpost duty ; headquarters at Seabrook. In July the force at Folly Island was increased by another detach- ment from the same company. The detachment on duty at Folly and Morris Islands remained through the siege of Fort Sumter, and the duties performed were very arduous. One man only was wounded, private T. D. Knight, but the wound was a slight one. The detachment returned to Hilton Head in December, since which time it has been on outpost duty at Seabrook. Company D, now under command of Captain Morrill, is still at Lawton's plantation, having been there for over a year, doing the same duty as formerly. There has been one man taken prisoner belonging to this com- mand. Private James B. Frasier, of company B, while on picket at 258 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864, January. Deser- tions. Commen- dations. Indepen- dent Bat- talion shares in Florida ex- pedition. the outpost, October 2, 1863, at Beaufort, S. C, was made prisoner by the enemy, after being wounded. He is at present confined in Columbia Jail, Columbia, S. C. There have been two desertions since the battalion left Massachu- setts. Private Joseph A. Noble (company B), of Roxbury, deserted from " leave of absence," July, 1862, and has never been appre- hended ; private John T. Simonds, of company B, deserted from detached service with the 1st Regiment Massachusetts Cavalry, in Virginia, and when last heard from was at " Dismounted Camp," Washington. One desertion took place previous to the battalion leaving Massachusetts, — private Ellis V. Lyon, of company A. He has been apprehended, and was returned to the company December 24, 1863. He Is at present in charge of the provost mai'shal at Hil- ton Head, awaiting trial. These three cases of desertion are borne as such on our rolls, but in case of Simonds, application was made to 1st Massachusetts cavalry regiment for him, and he Is supposed to be awaiting transportation ; and in case of Lyon, there is some doubts about its being an Intentional case of desertion. The battalion has won the esteem of the several post and depart- ment commanders, for their promptness and alacrity in the discharge of their duties, and proficiency in drill and discipline, receiving the endorsement of Generals Gillmore, Saxton, Brannon, Mitchell, and other commanders. The health of the command has been and is excellent, the casual- ties being very few, only two deaths having occurred during the past year. The order ■whicli made the Independent Battalion jNIassachusetts Cavahy Volunteers a part of the 4th Massachusetts cavalry was issued February 12, 1864. But the battalion was in South Carolina, acting under its old officers, and as part of the troops of the depart- ment, shared in the expedition to the St. John's River, and the engagements that ensued. The expedition was commanded by Brigadier-General Seymour, under orders from General Gillmore, commanding the depart- ment. The mounted force, consisting of the Independent THE THIRD BATTALION. 259 Battalion Massachusetts cavalry, 40tli Massachusetts i864, mounted infantry, horse battery B, 1st United States artillery, was called the Light Brigade, and placed under The Light the command of Colonel Guy V. Henry, of the 40th Massachusetts. January 4, 1864, the troops for the expedition to TheFior- Jacksonville beofan to assemble at Hilton Head, and tionar- . _, , rives at preparations were begun. On February 4 General Gill- Jackson- more reviewed all the troops. February 5 the battalion embarked on steamer Charles Houghton, started the 6th for Florida, and arrived at Jacksonville at four p. m. of the 7th. While landing, the steamer General Hunter was fired on by the enemy's pickets. In a very short time twenty mounted men were in pursuit, and chased the pickets three miles, over a rotten plank road, cap- turing a signal station and several prisoners. With these trophies and sundry feathered rations, they re- turned to Jacksonville. Next afternoon the advance Advance T • 1 n • 1 1 • n starts in- started inland in two columns, one marching on Lamp land. Finnegan, the other passing it and capturing Confeder- ate pickets without giving an alarm. About one a. m., February 8, an artillery camp was run into and captured by a charge. Six Napoleon guns and a large quantity of stores and prisoners were the results here. After a short rest the advance was resumed, and on reaching Baldwin, where the two columns united, another gun and other arms were captured. Companies A, B, and C (quondam I, K, and L) were with this column, while company M marched with the main column. FACTS AND MEMORIES OF THE FLORIDA CAMPAIGN, BY SERGEANT A. J. CLEMENT, COMPANY M. When the army moved from Jacksonville on the afternoon of February 8, 1864, company D of the Independent Battalion was 260 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1804, February. detached from the Light Brigade and headed the column of in- fantry which was to march on the main road westward. With this column was the commander-in-chief, Brigadier-General T. A. Sey- Kcatter enemy's pickets. Charge an artillery camp. Enter Baldwin. Cross St. Maiy's River. At Three Mile Run company D charged, scattered a mounted picket force, and chased them several miles. Companies A, B, and C, followed by Elder's battery, moved out on the road towards Camp Finnegan, which was passed without being molested, although the enemy could be heard in the darkness giving orders to " fall in," for it was the intention of Colonel Henry to surprise an artillery camp further on. A detachment of company I was sent on ahead of the column, and as the light of the rebel picket-fires was seen along the road, they charged the post and captured the picket, thereby pre- venting any alarm being given to the rebel camp. About midnight the Independent Battalion arrived on a little rise overlooking the artillery camp, where the rebels were peacefully dreaming of the future great Confederacy. Colonel Henry halted the battalion and made his arrangements to charge the cramp with one platoon, with another close behind for support. He ordered the bugler to sound the charge twice, and shouted to the men these words, " If ever you yell in your lives, boys, yell now! " And in the language of the official report of that event, " They charged with a yell that still lingers in the ears of those who heard it." Besides six guns and a number of prisoners captured, there was a quantity of ammunition, clothing, and other things, which had been run through the blockade. After resting a short time the line of march was resumed, and just at daylight the battalion charged into Baldwin, capturing a can- non mounted on a platform car. Here, also, large quantities of to- bacco were captured, also cotton and resin. Early in the day. Gen- eral Seymour arrived by the other road, with company D as escort, and the Light Brigade was then reunited. On the morning of the 10th the Light Brigade resumed its west- ward march, reaching the lofty eastern bank of St. Mary's River, at Barber's Ford, about twelve o'clock. There were no signs of the enemy, and the column moved down to cross the bridge, — it and the river being totally shut out of view by a dense growth of forest along the banks. As the head of the column entered the forest at the brink of the rapid river, they were ambushed, and received a LIEUT. CHARLES A. LONGFELLOW LIEUT. P. T. JACKSON THE THIRD BATTALION. 261 very heavy fire. It was then discovered that the bridge was d&- i864, stroyed, and the guide pointed out the ford a few rods below. Colo- ^ ^'<^^rj. nel Henry ordered Captain Webster to take his company (L) and flank the enemy. Companies I and K were dismounted as skirmish- ers. As company L moved down the narrow road which led to the ford, they became the target of Hank's guerrillas on the other side, and the road becoming filled with wounded men and horses, the order was given, " Fours left about." At this time Captain Web- ster had his horse shot, and one of his shoulder straps was shot off. The company reformed after getting out of the bushes, and return- ing pistols and drawing sabre, charged through the stream. The enemy scattered as we reached the opposite bank, leaving quite a large number of horses behind. As we moved on immediately we never learned what the loss of the enemy was. We went at a brisk gait, destroying the railroad at several points, and came to Sander- Come to son early in the afternoon. We found the central portion wrapped in flames, for the rebels had fired a large stock of cotton and resin at the railroad depot, to prevent its capture. Tbe brigade remained in Sanderson a few hours, and then moved steadily on till almost sundown the next day, February 11, when we were reported to be close to Lake City, with a force with artillery to Near Lake oppose us. Skirmishers from company D were sent forward, and received a volley from behind the railroad embankment, which con- vinced us that we were to be opposed vigorously. It was at this time that Johnson, of company D, was wounded. Dai'kness was now rapidly falling, the horses were jaded, and there were rations for neither man nor beast. We had ali-eady gone far beyond the origi- nal destination (Baldwin) of the expedition, and Colonel Henry de- cided to fall back a few miles for the night, as a heavy storm was impending. After marching back about five miles, we passed the night in the woods, in a torrent of rain. Next day, February 12, we returned to Sanderson, got rations, and met our infantiy, which had followed in our track. The whole army then fell back to Bar- Fall back ber's Ford and went into camp. It may be well to state here that ber'sFord. it was then, and subsequently, understood that to occupy Jackson- ville and capture Baldwin was the main object of the expedition. With Baldwin in our possession, all southern and eastern Florida were cut off from the enemy, and all cattle and other supplies lost to them from those sections. 262 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864 There is fullest proof that the second advance was contrary to February. o^-Jers, for Olustee had hardly been fought when orders came from Gillmore, at Hilton Head, forbidding the advance which led to the disaster. While the main body was resting at Barber's Ford, a detachment was sent out, February 14, towards King's Ferry, Ga. Arriving next day, they met the enemy's cavalry, which they drove ofiB. They destroyed two ferry boats and the telegraph station, and came back to Barber's Ford, February 17. Prepara- We lay at Barber's Ford a full week, during which time our camp S^heT ^vas full of bogus " Union " Floridians, and fully twenty of them advance, ^y^re there on the Friday night when evident preparations were made for another advance. In fact, everybody knew of it two days before, and in this way, if in no other, the rebels got the informa- tion which led them to send down their regiments from Charleston and Savannah. AVe crossed the ford at daybreak Saturday, Febru- ary 19, and began the advance. In an hour we had a cavalry force in our front, which fell back slowly before us, with an occasional exchange of shots. About one p. m. a halt was called, to allow the infantry to come up, and while the brigade rested, company D was advanced about half a mile, to a point where the highway crossed the raih-oad. The picket line was laid out, and the men posted. Only one rebel cav- alryman was in sight, and he was at a safe distance, on the railroad track. And he remained there for General Seymour to look at two hours later. I am particularizing here, for at this point we (company D) dis- covered that the enemy were in great force. Encounter First we saw and counted, as one by one they jumped across the the enemy. j-aJiroad, over one hundred infantrymen. We saw their long rifles flash in the sunlight. They were after the left of our thin picket line. Presently they opened on us, and kept it up till our men were hard pressed all along the line. From the extreme right, on the highway, came in Corporal Dennet, and minutely described how he had seen not less than three regiments march by a commanding ofii- cer whom all the regimental ofiicers saluted. One can see a long distance through those forests of big pines, entirely free from under- growth. After what seemed a long time, the 7th New Hampshire came up, THE THIRD BATTALION. 263 and went in as skirmishers, and the rebel fire ceased. All was silent, y^qa with that one cavalryman in sight, when General Seymour and staff February, came up, and with him the whole Light Brigade. All the facts were told to the commanding general. Captain Elder (of our Light Bri- gade horse battery) said with a sneer that lie could see " just one man." It was a direct slur on us, and it had its effect, for the ad- vance was at once ordered, the two regiments of infantry still keep- ing their skirmish line in the woods. We went slowly, and the rebel cavalry again appeared vexatiously Reach the near, as though inviting us to charge after them. In less than ten ^her^^the minutes General Seymour ordered us to wheel to the left and halt, enemy that he might send a shot up the road. To this shot there was no Xandthe response, and the rebel cavalry had disappeared over a slight eleva- g£* ^^' tion of the road. A few rods further on we came to the edge of a clearing. Here Elder fired another shot, and he got a prompt re- sponse that killed one of his horses. And here the fight began. We were on the chosen battle-ground, — a pond on one side, a swamp on the other, soft, spongy ground to the rear, and in front a clear- ing, where tlie grade rose slightly. And it was just over the edge of this elevation that the enemy lay, with veteran troops, solid in force, partially entrenched, and all fresh and ready. We had Elder's U. S. A. horse battery with our brigade, and two regiments of infantry, to begin with. The rest of our small force was coming up, but much of it was still miles in the rear. We watched the 7th New Hampshire go up cheering, and come back fearfully used up. Then Captain Jack Hamilton's U. S. A. battery (old Sherman Mexican War Battery) went in with a rush. Every gun was at once taken, and Captain Hamilton was brought off wounded. The regiments came up singly, went in cheering, and stayed to be Into the almost annihilated. Langdon's U. S. A. battery went in with a rush Sh°* and lost four out of six guns. The colored troops went in grandly, and they fought like devils. (Next day Major Bogle was lying with his wounded colored troops at a mill a few miles to the rear, where the rebels slaughtered all the wounded "niggers" who had crawled there from the battle-field, — about three hundred.) We were soon too busy to observe particulars. We were wanted everywhere, especially on our left flank, where the rebel cavalry con- tinually showed up. But they would n't stand to meet us. We tried 264 FIBST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864 them twice. Then, as the case became desperate, we were jjlaced February, ^j^^gg ^o the guns of the one battery (Elder's horse battery, four Na- poleon guns), which held its own, kept its guns, and saved the army by allowing our troops to draw out of the trap just as darkness came on. Darkness alone saved us. For an hour we clung to that battery, with a hail of fire that was mostly too high. Twice I thought we should use our sabres, as the yelling devils came down for those guns. But Polder (afterwards Grant's chief of artillery) was fearless, and kept his men at work Niffht gloriously. With black darkness the fighting ceased. The enemy fffing^ seemed indisposed to push us. Perhaps Seymour's ruse of having each regiment give three times three cheers made them think we had fresh arrivals of troops. Company Company D stayed over two hours on the edge of that field, while JJ,^"e!i7in the rest began the retreat. Then we followed slowly all night. It retreat. ^^^s fearful work to keep the men attentive. They did n't " care a damn " for anything. They believed we were sure to be gobbled anyway. But not a shot did they fire, nor did we discover that they followed us that night. We reached Barber's Ford at daybreak, and there got out of sad- dle for the first time in twenty-four hours, and fed our horses. Company D was the last to go through the ford as we left the heights to follow the army. We reached Baldwin that afternoon, with orders to hold it. We found there piles of infantry equipments, abandoned by the demor- alized men, an immense quantity of our own army stores and ammu- nition, and untold quantities of cotton and resin. No enemy pushed us severely, though they hovered near. We stayed that night and to the night after, all vigilant and awake, no man leaving his horse except for necessary reasons. Immense At midnight we fired the whole valuable mass, and soon the whole stores of f ^^.^^g ablaze, as we marched away to the volleys of scores of cotton and ' resin de- cases of Spencer cartridges, which were among our nulitary stores Slwin!* destroyed there. We burned every bridge at the many little " runs," and reached Camp Finnegan next morning. Our company was then relieved, but we at once were called out to skirmish. Finally we reached Three Mile Run, where I had fired the first shot, on Febru- ary 8, as we forced the picket on our first advance. Here the Light Brigade established the outpost line, while the in- THE THIRD BATTALION. 265 fantiy threw up earthworks around Jacksonville. We had one very i864 serious skirmish a few days later, for they really tried to force us Fortify back. Lamont, of company B, was killed in this skirmish. After vfu^^°"" that, until weeks later, there was little done. Virtually our work was over, — an inglorious termination of an expedition that started most auspiciously. Later we went up the St. John's River and eajv tured Palatka (April 6). There four men were taken by the enemy Capture while on picket, Lincoln, Poole, Jackson, and Sylvester of Co. I. ■'^*^^^*^^- They were sent to Anderson ville, as we learned later. April 14 we crossed the river, made an all-day swamp march, and came out at St. Augustine. A day later we marclied to opposite Jacksonville. There we gave up our horses to the 75th Ohio infantry, and took steamer to Hilton Head, arriving April 24. Saw there some of our new comrades of the 4th regiment, robbed them of their horses, and took steamer for Newport News, where we arrived May 8. Started again, and reached City Point, Va., May 12. According to the offi- cers' reports, we captured or destroyed over one and a half million dollars worth of cotton and resin. After the Jacksonville-Olustee campaign, the follow- ing orders were issued : — Headquarters United States Forces, _, ^ Camp Finnegan, Fla. General Orders, No. 1. The commanding officer cannot fail to express to the Independent After Battalion Massachusetts Cavalry, in his command, his high admira- ^^'^®*®®- tion of their coolness and bravery during the battle of Olustee. You had already distinguished yourselves by your constancy and endur- ance, but at Olustee you evinced the highest qualities of a soldier. You formed the rallying point for troops, encouraged the infantry by your coolness, and prevented tlie enemy's cavalry from charging the retreat. You assisted to cover, remaining miles in rear of the infantry. Your position was most trying, being exposed to heavy fire without the least chance for any excitement to divert your minds from your danger. The only battery that came out as it went in was the one you assisted to support. To you belongs the heroic sat- isfaction of having saved an army. By order, QuT V. Henry, Colonel 40th Massachusetts Mounted Infantry, Commanding Light Brigade. 266 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864. Headquarters Light Brigade, JacksonvUxLE, March 30, 18G4. Special Orders, No. 3. To the officers and men of the Battalion Massachusetts Cavalry. Battalion ^^ ^^ vf'iih. deep regret that your commanding officer receives an fWuLi^ht '^^^^^ detaching you from the Light Brigade. He wishes to ex- Brigade, press to you his thanks for the zealous manner in which you have always performed your duties while under his command. He has always placed great confidence in your hravery, gallantry, and discipline, and he has never been disappointed. Hoping that this change is only temporary, and wishing you suc- cess in every undertaking, your commander bids you farewell. (Signed,) Guy V. Henry, Colonel Jfith Massachusetts Mounted Infantry, ComviaiLding Light Brigade. Headquarters District of Florida, Jacksonville, March 24, 1864. Special MAJOR, — It is reported to the brigadier-general commanding courage i\i^i durincj the skirmish of the 1st inst., a serg-eant and certain men and skill. ' t5 ' & of the Massachusetts cavalry, construing their orders too literally, resisted the advance of largely superior numbers, and were finally captured, but not before every shot had been expended, with such courage and skill as to have commanded the admiration of the en- emy. It will please the brigadier-general commanding to mention such circumstances in General Orders, and you are requested to give whatever information you may have, and the names of the party in question. Respectfully, colonel, your obedient servant, R. M. Hall, 1st Lieutenant, 1st United States Artillery, A. A. A. G. Major A. H. Stevens, Massachusetts Cavalry, Commanding Light Brigade. Camp Finnegan, Fla., February 23, 1864. Wounded Report of wounded of the Independent Battalion Massachusetts of the bat- ri i talion. Cavalry. At Barber's Ford, Fla., February 10, 1864 : — Corporal Andrew W. Bartlett, company A, gunshot, liver. ^ii^S^St^^m LIEUT. EDWARD J, RUSSELL SERGT. L. N. DUCHESNEY [Lieut, ist and Capt. Frontier Cai LIEUT. JOHN W. MARTIN LIEUT. TIMOTHY P. LYMAN THE THIRD BATTALION. 267 Private Freeman P. Howland, company A, gunshot, arm, com- i864. pound fracture of the liumerus. Sergeant Frank Blaisdell, company B, gunshot, head. Private Thomas Cahill, company B, gunshot, thigh (since dead). Private George Ferrand, company B, gunshot, thigh. Captain Moses F. Webster, company B, shoulder, slight. Corporal N. W. Cram, company C, shoulder, slight. Private Richard Burns, company C, lumbar region (since dead). Private George W. Hunkins, company C, gunshot, left hand. Private George Hutchinson, company C, gunshot, right arm. Private E. Pasho, company C, gunshot, arm. Private S. P. Ridley, company C, shoulder, slight. Near Lake City, Fla., February 11, 1864 : — Private George E. Johnson, company D, gunshot, neck. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Atherton H. Stevens, Jr., Major Commanding Battalion. FROM THE adjutant-general's REPORT OF 1864. The 4th regiment Massachusetts Cavalry Volunteers was organ- 4th Mass. ized by Special Order No. 70, series 1864, from War Department, ganized."^ Washington, D. C, dated February 12, 1864, ordering that the bat- talion of cavalry known as Independent Battalion Massachusetts Cavalry, serving in the Department of the South, and formerly of 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, be, together with 1st Battalion Veteran Cavalry, then recruiting in Massachusetts, constituted 4th Massachu- setts Cavalry. General Order No. 39, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, assigned Lieutenant-Colonel A. A. Rand to command the regiment. The regiment, consisting of twelve companies, each one hundx'ed strong, was fully recruited and organized on or about the 1st of March, 1864. The 1st battalion, commanded by Major Stevens, was, at the or- 1st bat- ganization of the regiment, stationed in South Carolina, under com- mand of Major-General Q. A. Gillmore. The 2d battalion. Major Keith commanding, sailed from Boston 2dbat- for Hilton Head, S. C, on the 20th of March, 1864, on board trans- port steamer Western Metropolis, and arrived there April 1, 1864. 268 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864. :kl bat- talion. 1st battal- ion or- dered to Virginia. With 10th army corps. Various services of the com- mand. The 3d battalion, Major Cabot commanding, sailed from Boston on the 23d of April, 1864, with a detachment of one hundred and fifty men for 1st battalion on board transport Western Metropolis, and arrived at Hilton Head, S. C, April 27, 1864. They then re- ceived orders to return to Fortress Monroe, and report to Major- General Butler, commanding Department Virginia and North Caro- lina, after debarking at St. Helena Island, S. C, to coal and water the steamer. The battalion reembarked May 1, arriving at Newport News, Va., Avhere they encamped, May 3, 1864. The 1st battalion was also ordered to Virginia ; arrived at Ber- muda Hundred under connnand of Captain Richmond, May 8, and participated in the movement of the 9th and 10th. It also partici- pated in the engagements at Drury's Bluff, commencing on the 12th of May and ending on the 16th. Two men were wounded. The 1st battalion participated in the movement against Peters- burg on the 9th of June ; one man killed and two wounded. On the 16th of June they took part in the movement which resulted in cutting the rail and telegraph communications between Richmond and Petersburg. On the 21st of June regimental headquarters was removed to near department headquarters, in front of Bermuda Hundred, and there remained until August 15, when the regiment was attached to the 10th army corps, headquarters at Hatcher's, Va. August 14. A detachment of the command accompanied the 10th corps in the movement to the north side of the James River, at Deep Bottom. The remainder of the command were ordered to the trenches on the Bermuda front. August 17. Lieutenant-Colonel Washburn reported with the whole command to General Birney, commanding 10th army corps, north of the James River, and took part in movements which followed, until the 20th, when the army recrossed the James, the cavalry cov- ering the rear- August 24. The command accompanied 10th army corps to front of Petersburg, to position previously occupied by 18th army corps. The regiment took part in the movement to north side of the James River, September 28. Colonel Rand commanding, and was almost constantly engaged on picket duty, as skirmishers and scout- ing, until October 5, when the command encamped on New Market Road. During the fight of the 7th of October, it was engaged as THE THIRD BATTALION. 269 1864. skirmishers and i)icketing, and at night encamped near 10th corps headquarters, left of the New Market Road. The command took part in the reconnoissance made by the Army Services of of the James, October 27 and 28, returning to former camp on the *^^® '^°™' night of the 28th. "'''"'*• Company M, under command of Lieutenant Miles, was ordered to Harrison's Landing, September 1, 1864, where they have re- mained, engaged in general outpost duty. They have lost, in vari- ous collisions with the enemy, one man killed, two wounded, and four prisoners. November 2. A detachment. Captain Richmond commanding, under direction of Major Stevens, then provost marshal lOtli army corps, made a successful expedition into a portion of Charles City and Harrison counties, capturing several suspected spies and guerril- las, as well as horses and cattle. The position of the regiment is now (December 18, 1864) as fol- lows : the regiment is attached to headquarters Department of Vir- ginia and North Carolina. The 2d battalion (Major Webster com- manding) is serving in Department of the South. Detachments are with the 24th and 25th corps, and at Williamsburg and Harrison's Landinsf. Aggregate of losses : — Killed. Enlisted men Wounded. Officers Enlisted men . Missing. Officers Enlisted men . Prisoners of war. Officers Enlisted men . Discharged. Officers . Enlisted men . Died. Officers . Enlisted men . Regiment now numbers : — Officers Enlisted men Aggregate Its losses. 10 1 15 1 2 4 85 5 64 1 22 45 1,102 1,147 270 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1864 ^^y report for 1864 brought the history of the regiment down to December 31, 1864. The following is its completion from that date : — Stations of When the year 1865 opened, the regiment was divided as fol- ^Tb^tS*"^^ lows : two companies were stationed at Jacksonville, Fla. ; two at Deveaux Neck, S. C ; two at the headquarters 24th, and two at headquarters 25th army corps, before Richmond ; one at Williams- burg, Va., and one at Harrison's Landing, Va. The headquarters of the regiment, with two companies, were at Vienna, Va., attached to the headquarters of the Army of the James. When the Army of the James moved from its winter quarters, on the 28th of March, companies F and K remained attached to the 24th army corps, and took part in the engagement of that corps while in pursuit of the Army of Northern Virginia. Companies E and H remained with the 25th army corps before Richmond, and were the first troops to enter the city (April 3). The guidons of these companies were the first Union colors carried into Richmond, and raised by Union troops. They floated from the Capitol building until a larger flag suppHed their place. That part of the regiment attached at this time to the headquarters Army of the James (com- panies I, L, and M), commanded by Colonel Francis Washburn, marched with them to Burkesville, arriving on the night of the 5th of April. Fight at Early on the following morning, in compliance with orders re- Bnd e ceived the night previous, Colonel Washburn, with two regiments of infantry, each about four hundred strong, and a part of his own force of cavalry, numbering thirteen officers and sixty-seven men, started to destroy High Bridge, eighteen miles distant, and of great importance to the retreating rebel army. The bridge was reached about noon, the enemy offering feeble resistance to his advance. The infantry were halted in the vicinity of the bridge, while the cavalry pushed on about two miles further, meeting a superior force of the enemy's cavalry, with artillery. A short time before the bridge was reached. Brevet Brigadier-General Theodore Read ar- rived, with orders to hold, and not destroy the bridge. He took command. The cavalry retired to the bridge, and found the infan- Enemy try warmly engaged with another force of the enemy's cavalry, and superior in gjio^yjno- sio-ns of breaking. It was soon evident that the enemy was numbers. o t> » i i v superior in numbers, and that a fight at long range could not be THE THIRD BATTALION. 271 maintained until General Ord should be apprised of their situation, ig65. and should send infantry — the only troops he had — to their relief. M^^xl. Thus situated between two forces of the enemy, — the larger be- tween him and the Army of the James, — to charge and break through the enemy, if possible, seemed the only honorable course for General Read to take ; no other was suggested. Twice the cavalry charged, breaking through and dispersing one Hemmed line of the enemy, reforming and charging a second, wliich was overptw- formed in a wood too dense to admit of the free use of the sabre. ®'^<^'i- In vain, however : eight of twelve officers engaged were put hors de combat ; three killed, and five severely wounded. The little band was hemmed in and overpowered by two divisions of cavalry, — Rosser's and Fitzhugh Lee's, — the advance of General Lee's army. Colonel Washburn, whose intrepid bravery in this fight endears his name to his associates, and adds the crowning glory to a life ele- vated by the purest patriotism, died a few weeks afterwards from the effects of his wounds. Because of the influence of the affair upon the results of the cam- paign, I have dwelt upon it. " To the sharpness of that fight," says a rebel colonel, inspector- Impor- general on Lee's staff, to General Ord, "the cutting off of Lee's thr%ht army at Appomattox Court House was probably owing. So fierce were the charges of Colonel Washburn and his men, and so deter- mined their fighting, that General Lee received the impression that they must be supported by a large part of the army, and that his retreat was cut off." Acting under this impression, he halted his army, gave what the " inspector-general " calls stampeding orders, and began to throw up the line of breastworks which were found there the next day. Three trains of provisions, forage, and cloth- ing, which had been sent down from Lynchburg, on the South Side Road, were sent back, to prevent them from falling into our hands, and his army, which was on one third rations, and those of corn only, was thus deprived of the provisions, the want of which ex- hausted them so much. Moreover, by tlie delay occasioned by this halt. General Sheridan Sheridan was enabled to come up with E well's division at Saylor's Creek. Ew3f^^^ When Lee discovered his mistake, and that the fighting force in his front was only a small detachment of cavalry and infantry. General Ord, with the Army of the James, had already profited by the delay, 272 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALBY. 1865, and so closed up with him that a retreat directly south was no longer April. practicable ; he was obliged to make the detour by way of Appo- mattox Court House. General Rosser concurs in this opinion, and states that the importance of the fight has never been appi'eciated. General That Lieutenant-General Grant and General Ord appreciated its port. importance, and confirmed the principal facts stated above, is shown by the following extract from General Grant's report of the armies of the United States : — " General Ord advanced from Burkesville towards Farmville, sending two regiments of infantry and a squadron of cavalry, under Brevet Brigadier-General Theodore Read, to destroy the bridge. The advance met the head of Lee's column near Farmville, which it heroically attacked and detained, until General Read was killed and his small force overpowered. This caused a delay in the ene- my's movements, and enabled General Ord to get well up with the remainder of his force, on meeting which, the enemy immediately intrenched himself. In the afternoon, General Sheridan struck the enemy south of Saylor's Creek," etc., etc. I have said little of the two regiments of infantry engaged, be- cause they failed to support the charges of the cavalry, and fought feebly. Soon after the surrender of Lee, the detachments Avere assembled at Richmond, Va., Avhere, until its muster out of the service, the reg- iment performed a routine of guard and courier duty. It received its final discharge at Galloupe's Island, Boston Harbor, November 26, 1865. THE FIGHT AT HIGH BRIDGE, VA. Fight at The opening of the spring campaign of 1865 found the old Inde- Bndg-e, pendent Battalion, then the 1st battalion of the 4th Massachusetts 6^*865^'^' cavalry, in a somewhat divided condition. Company K was on de- tached service at the 24th corps headquarters in front of Richmond, while companies I, L, and M, with the field and staff of the regi- ment, were on duty at the headquarters of General Ord, command- ing the Army of the James. These three squadrons, under the im- mediate command of Colonel Francis Washburn, had been so reduced by details for orderly and courier duty, in addition to other causes, that when orders to break camp were received, on the 27th of March, but twelve officers and one hundred and forty-nine men could be mustered for duty. This force was in attendance upon Major-Gen- HARRY D. LiTTLEFIELD ist Lieut, and Acting' Adj't. ^--.cX GEO. W. FLAGG ist Lieut, and Act. Adji. THE THIRD BATTALION. 273 eral Orel, who moved on the morning of the 28th with those divi- jg^js sions of the Army of the James which participated with the Army ^'"■"• of the Potomac in the final attack upon Pctersljurg. Early on the morning of the ;id of April Petersburg was evacuated, and the Fed- Poters- eral armies moved at once in i)ursuit of the retreating foe, the Army I,'."t',':,j'^^^"" of the James proceeding by the line of the Lynchburg Pailroad. ^'l^- •''» These three scpiadroiis were not engaged in any lighting during the momentous days following the retreat of Lee from Petersburg and Richmond, l)ut the close of each day saw the nundjers of the little band steadily diminishing, by reason of details for orderly duty, etc. The weather had l)een beautiful, the spring far advanced ; and an ollicer of the 4tli, writing a few hiii-ried lines to friends at home, re- marked, " It seems more like a pleasant ride into the country, than like the jjursuit of one army by another." Late on the evening of the 5th of April Burkesville was reached. General Lee, with the Lee's army Army of Northern Vii-ginia, was marching on a line nearly parallel To,'^.'"'''^ witli the Army of tiie James, and on the night of the 5th of April Jb'UHe, was at Amelia Court House. A few miles northwest of Rice's Sta- 1805'/' tion the Api)omattox River is crossed by the South Side Railroad at High Bridge, a long and lofty trestle-work structure, famous throughout that region. The raih-oad tiien cuts across a northerly looj) of the Api)omattox, and takes to the southern bank, where the river is bridged at Farmville. Leaving Amelia Court House with his army during the night of April 5, General Lee hoped by a rapid march to cross the A])poniattox at Farmville, thirty-live miles west, destroy the bridges, and escape towards Lynchburg. Foreseeing this movement. General Grant had directcMl Geneial Ord to send a detachment to burn these bridges, if possible, and thus hinder Lee's march. The execution of this difficult and dangerous duty was en- trusted to Colonel Wash]>urn. Shortly before midnight on the 5th Colonel of April, Washburn received oiders to take conmiand of a small jtloS™ force, consisting of his own cavalry, the whole available strength of ""burn which, with him, was then but tliirteen officers (Captain Goddard ovtl- Appo- having joined at Burkesville from leave of absence, not then ex- '"''""''• pired) and sixty-seven men, with two small regiments of infantry, the 54th Pennsylvania and 123d Ohio, and to move early on the morning of the Gth to destroy the bridges over the Appomattox, near Farmville, some sixteen or eighteen miles distant from liurkes- ville Junction. At four o'clock on the morning of the 6th of April, 274 FIRST 3IASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1865^ this small command, less than seven hundred strong, left their April. smouldering camp fires ; the men, particularly of the infantry, ex- On the hausted by the severe marches of the few previous days, were hardly in condition for the hazardous duty to which they were called. The march was necessarily slow, as the cavalry had to regulate their pace by that of the tired infantry. As the column advanced, signs of the near proximity of the enemy became more and more apparent, and it was soon evident that the expedition partook, in a great degree, of the character of a forlorn hope. A few hours after the column had started, and Lee's line of re- treat had developed itself, General Ord received information of the exact locality of the Confederate army, and at once sent Brevet General Brigadier-General Theodore Read, assistant adjutant-general of the patchwl^to -A-rmy of the James, to inform Colonel Washburn of his danger, and i^?-™ , to order him to return. By dint of hard riding. Read, with a single Washburn '' . , of danger, orderly, overtook the detachment very near the locality where, an hour later, the battle of High Bridge was fought. Messengers sent out by General Ord shortly after Read had started were driven back by the enemy, who, in their retreat towards Farmville, had swung into the same road along which, only a short time previous, Wash- burn with his command had marched, and the spectacle was pre- sented of a hostile army filling the road between Washburn's troops and the Army of the James, and neither Washburn nor the Con- federate leaders were aware of the close proximity of the other. Shortly after General Read had joined the command of Colonel Washburn, it was ascertained that, from the direction of the march of the Confederate army, it had become impossible to rejoin General Ord, and nothing remained but to push forward and endeavor to de- In sight of stroy the High Bridge. The column accordingly advanced a short the bridge. ^|jj,j-j^„pg further, until it arrived within sight of the structure, then rather more than three fourths of a mile distant. The intervening country was marshy, and inaccessible to cavalry. Furthermore, it was discovered that there was a strong redoubt at the head of the bridge, toward Farmville, covering with its guns all the surrounding country, which was open and marshy ; and it was certain that, if a direct assault should be attem])ted, the attacking force would melt away before it could reach the enemy's abattis. By making a wide detour and coming on the rear of the redoubt, it was thought that a sudden attack might be successful. Washburn undertook the accom- THE THIRD BATTALION. 275 plishment of this with his cavahy. General Read remained with 1865, the infantry in a narrow belt of woodland, about a mile from the April, bridge, the country in the immediate vicinity being somewhat broken and hilly, and more or less covered with a growth of young trees. Soon after leaving the infantry, the cavalry came to a small stream, the bridge over which had been partially destroyed. On a hill just beyond was a line of low earthworks, occupied by a small force of dismounted rebel cavalry, who opened fire immediately on the ap- Enemy proach of the Union troops. Lieutenant Davis, with the advance ^^^" guard, dashed forward, swam the stream, and while some of the men laid the planks on what stringers were left of the bridge, the remainder, under the lead of the gallant Davis, charged up the hill, and attacked the enemy with such fury that they were driven com- pletely back to their reinforcements, near Farmville, where they made a stand. The main column came up rapidly, and threw out a strong skirmish line, engaging the enemy vigorously for about half an hour, when the superior numbers of the Confederates, aided by their artillery, compelled Washburn to withdraw. The retreat had Indica- hardly commenced, when heavy fu-ing in the direction of the infan- large force try indicated the presence of a larjje force of the enemy. A few ° J i o J enemy. minutes of rapid riding brought the cavalry within sight of the belt of woodland where the infantry lay, and leaving the road, Wash- burn led his men across the country, and through a narrow ravine, to the rear of the hill where the battle was going on. Had he kept the road, a quarter of a mile further, around almost the first bend in the road, on the small hill beyond, would have brought him in direct contact with the head of the Confederate column of cavalry, which from this point filled the road back towards Burkesville as far as the eye could reach. This, however, was not known to Washburn or his men at the time they left the road and struck across the coun- try. The squadrons trotted up the slope and formed line at the summit, under the heavy fire, as calmly as if they were on review. Then the situation became apparent. The infantry, wearied out, Washburn and with ammunition nearly exhausted, were falling back before the his situa- fierce attack of a large force of dismounted rebels in front, who *^°'^' filled the air with their yells of victory. Masses of cavalry were forming on the left for a charge, and the dismounted troops in front were being rapidly reinforced by mounted men. Colonel Washburn sent his adjutant to the left to rally the breaking infantry, while he 276 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. ISfia, Apiil. Washburn determines to charge the rebel lines. The charge made, and followed by an- other. himself held a hurried consultation with General Read. Upon the return of the adjutant, with information of the state of affairs at the left, Washburn determined at once to charge down the front of the line, throw back the dismounted rebel troops upon their cavahy, and, by an advance of the infantry to his support, wrest victory from the enemy. It was a brilliant but desperate scheme, there being but one alternative, — that of cutting through the enemy and leaving the infantry to their fate. This alternative received not a moment's con- sideration. The colonel turned to his men, and in few words told them of his purpose and its probable results. Swinging into column of fours, the command moved at a trot to the right, and in ad- vance of the infantry. Then, quick and sharp, came the order, " Fours left, gallop, march ! Charge ! " The clear notes of the bugle rang out, sounding the charge, and the small battalion, with a ringing cheer, swept upon the foe. Quickly reforming his command, Washburn retraced his steps, with a large number of prisoners, the result of the charge. On approaching the edge of the woods, what was the astonishment of the officei's to see the Burkesville road filled with a column of Confederate cavalry, and coming across the field, between the road and the woods, were three lines of battle. The enemy's cavalry were everywhere seen galloping to the succor of their defeated van, and the sight from the top of the hill was enough to discourage the stoutest heart. The Federal troopers drew rein, to reform for another charge, and their young colonel and their blue standard led them once more, as they dashed down the gentle slope, crashing through line after line, until all order was lost, and it became a hand-to-hand contest. After the officers were down and there were no leaders, little groups of our Union troops were to be seen here and there fighting desperately, and it seemed as if each man felt " As though himself were he On whose sole arm hung victory." But another huge gray wave, capped with its glittering crest of steel, broke over them, and their work was done. Not a man Not a man escaped from the field. Scarcely fifteen minutes had elapsed since the first charge had been made, but in this brief space of time, of eleven officers in the cavalry who went into the fight, three were dead, five wounded, and the others unhorsed and taken Over- whelmed by num- bers in a haud-to- haud mel^e. escaped. LIEUT. C, W. DYER J^^^ "St •0S^^ V ^; LIEUT. DUETT C. CLARK Capt. jrd Cav. LIEUT. J. 0. JOSSELYN THE THIRD BATTALION. 211 prisoners. General Read was killed in the woods, almost immedi- jgRr, ately after AVashburn had left him. The colonel lay upon the field, April, severely wounded, with his comrades scattered here and there, all those yet living overpowered and captured. In that handful of heroes was one among the enlisted men. Color Sergeant Thomas Hickey, towards whom the heart of every man in the regiment thrills with gratitude to tliis day, not only for the bravery with which he had borne the standard through the thickest of the fight, but because, when all hope of victory was gone, he had the presence of mind, and made the opportunity, to utterly destroy it before he was captured. The battle was over. The small body of infantry, their ammunition exhausted, and deprived of the sui3port of their cavalry, were unable longer to sustain the unequal conflict with the overwhelming force of the rebels, and had surrendered in a body. The victors had nothing further to do than to dispose of their pris- oners and despoil the slain. The latter were stripped, and left un- The slain buried upon the field, where they were found early on the morning ^^espoiled. of the 7th of April by the advancing troops of the Army of the James, and this was the first information which General Ord re- ceived of the result of the expedition sent out by him the day be- fore. Colonel Washburn, shot in the head, and with his skull cloven by Results of a rebel sabre, was robbed of his clothes, watch, and money. Lieu- ^^^ ^^^' tenant-Colonel Jenkins was shot through the right arm. Captain Hodges, of I squadron, and Captain Goddard, of L, were killed. Captain Caldwell, of M. was shot through the leg. Lieutenant Davis, the same gallant officer who led the advance near Farmville, was shot through the body, and died shortly after the fight. Lieu- tenant Thompson, wliile mounted, was shot by a wounded rebel ly- ing on the ground ; the bullet, entering near the right knee, passed up the leg diagonally across the body, and lodged near the left shoulder. He was left on the field for dead, but receiving surgical attention when the Union troops came up, and aided by a strong constitution, he recovered, rejoined the regiment a few weeks later, and served until its muster out. Lieutenant Belcher was severely wounded by a sabre-cut across the face. Adjutant Lathrop, Lieu- tenants Sargent and Fuller, were taken prisoners. Surgeon Garvin, with the chaplain. Rev. Albert Zabriskie Gray, did not go into the fight. They remained in the rear when the first charge was made, 278 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1865, and were captured after the battle was over. The wounded were April. Yeit in a house near the field, without care, medical attendance, or food. Wa-s it a It would be difficult indeed to find, in the history of modern war- rifice?^^*^' f*^"^' anything more brilliant than this action at High Bridge. It seemed at first to be a useless sacrifice, but it proved to be so far from this that it probably very materially hastened the great sur- render. It was a battle fought against the most fearful odds ; for those eleven officers and sixty-seven men attacked Rosser's and a part of Fitzhugh Lee's divisions of cavalry, some of the finest troops in the Confederate army, while Longstreet's corps was within supporting distance. Nearly one hundred rebels Avere killed or wounded in this engagement, — from their own account, — and among the slain was General Bearing, commanding one of Rosser's brigades, one colonel, three majors, and several officers of lower grades. Colonel "Washburn's sword was sent by General Rosser to the widow of General Dearing, but it was afterwards recovered. The colonel's horse was taken by General Rosser personally. Moral ef- The moral effect of this battle was such that General Lee sup- latur.^*^^ posed the attack to be made by the advance of a large force which had in some manner outmarched him and got in his front. He therefore was so delayed in his retreat, by the preparations he deemed necessary, that both Sheridan and Ord gained valuable hours in the pursuit. The fight took place shortly after twelve o'clock, and it was late in the afternoon before the cavalry column started on the march with their prisoners. COLONEL WASHBURN. Adraira- The great loss occasioned by the death of this brave ^rieMol and gallant officer was deeply felt, and tributes of re- cowf. spect to his memory were universal. Lieutenant-Gen- eral Grant, as soon as the intelligence of his death was received, paused amid his vast labors to write with his own hand a letter to the family of the deceased, ex- pressing sympathy in their loss and admiration for his gallant and heroic conduct. TEE THIRD BATTALION. 279 1865, Headquarters Armies of the United states, April. Washington, D. C, May 21, 1865. Mrs. Harriet W. Washburn : — My dear Madam, — I have just seen, for the first time, the obit- J^^^rGgn- uary notice of your noble son, who fell wounded at the High Bridge, eral Grant, so gallantly leading his men. I had hoped his wound would not prove mortal, and that he might be spared many long years, to view with pride the work he so bravely aided in consummating. Allow me to express my sincere condolence for your bereavement, and to express the hope that in the blood of so many thousand mar- tyrs our country has sealed her liberties and peace, at home, at least, for all time to come. Very truly yours, U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General. The following memorial by Hon. A. H. Bullock, then governor elect of the Commonwealth, appeared origi- nally in the " Worcester Spy." COLONEL FRANCIS WASHBURN. " yet, if Nature's evil star Drive men in manliood, as in youth, To follow flying steps of Truth Across the brazen bridge of war, — " If New and Old, disastrous' feud ! Must ever shock, like arm^d foes, And this be true till time shall close. That Principles are rained in blood, — " Not yet the wise of heart would cease To hold his hope through shame aud guilt, But with his hand against the hilt Would pace the troubled laud like Peace." Colonel Frank Washburn, of the 4th Massachusetts cavalry, wounded in the desperate engagement at High Bridge, Thursday, Governor the 6th inst., arrived in Worcester on Friday last, and died the fol- tribute to lowing night at the house of his brother, Mr. J. D. Washburn, ^^^f- Only a few months before, another brother. Captain Edward R. bum's • 1 1 • 11 1 1- 1-r memory. Washburn, well known to many of our citizens, had yielded his lite 280 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. j3fir,^ under the wounds received at Port Hudson. Thus the experience April. ^f jjjjg ^^.jj^j. i-epeats itself, and thus these two at length meet again. It was a pleasure, early in the war, to urge upon the governor Colonel that lie should commission Frank Washburn as junior second lieu- burn's tenant in the 1st Massachusetts cavalry. The commission was military cheerfully bestowed. It was all the young gentleman asked for. By the course of his studies and practice in Germany he had ac- quired peculiar fitness for the cavalry service, and seemed worthy of a higher rank, which was suggested to him ; but he modestly de- clined, remarking that he preferred to take the chances of his pro- motion on the merits of his service. He had returned from Europe at the first intelligence of the war, to offer himself to his country, as some others had done, and preferi-ed to pass upward through the gradations of her service to the honors of the field, if he miglit win them. He was soon made captain in the 2d cavalry, all the while remaining at his post. When the 4th cavalry was organ- ized, without solicitation, but not without reason, he was selected by the governor for the lieutenant-colonelcy. Upon the resignation of Colonel Rand, of this regiment, Washburn was pi'omptly promoted to his rank. That rank he distinguished in the eyes of all his men and of his superior officers ; and that saddle, save only a few days of furlough in which to witness the burial of his soldier brother, he ■ constantly filled until he fell from it to die. He fought in South Carolina and in Virginia; he led his men under Sheridan, in the presence of Ord and of Grant ; and the best proof of his fidelity and his gallantry was in the special recommendation of the Lieuten- ant-General, forwarded to Washington after his last battle, and when his wounds were not supposed to be mortal, that he should be brevetted brigadier-general, which request was no doubt complied with before his death. At all times, and on all fields, he received the respect and confidence of his men for soldierly qualities, for brilliant action, for kind and affectionate treatment. In all the en- gagements of three years and a half, he never received a wound until lie received the last. His fatal encounter was in that last critical battle which enforced His per- the surrender of Lee. While endeavoring to hold the High Bridge, sonal Q^,g^. ^y]^jg]| it, was feared Lee's army might escape. Colonel Wash- burn was surrounded by Rosser and Fitzhugh Lee, and fought them, till he fell, in the odds of eight men to one. He was conspicuous REGTL. Q. M. SERGT. EDW. H. ADAMS I rst Lieut. 3th Cav. 1 .1/. Sn-iTl. JOSIAH N. BRACKETT t}..,.,i ^_ jff_ Sergt. THE THIRD BATTALION. 281 through the fight, and twice with impetuous charge hroke through i865, the rebel lines and threw them into confusion. He might at either P^ • of these times have passed on with his cavalry and escaped. But Refuses to he refused to leave the infantry while there remained the slightest self, chance of rescuing them from their situation. Accordingly he made his third charge, and in this, while crossing sahres with a rebel offi- cer whom he had nearly disarmed, he was shot in the head by an- other, and after he had fallen received a sabre-cut upon the skull which finished his work. He was two days a prisoner, during which, notwithstandmg the gallantry he had displayed, and which even the enemy afEected to extol, they did nothing for his Avounds, and robbed him of his horse, his sword, and his money. Repeated illustration Treatment of the " magnanimity " of the army of General Robert E. Lee ! enemy. And what followed has already been told. It is difficult to forbear quoting an extract from a letter received from my old friend, Hon. E. B. Washburn, of Illinois, a very re- mote relative of the deceased, written while on a visit to the scene after the battle : — " I have seen Colonel Washburn, of the 4th Massachusetts cav- alry, at the hospital at the Point of Rocks. I cannot refrain from testifying to his unsurpassed gallantry and prowess in the action in which he was wounded, which challenged the admiration of both armies. General Grant and General Ord both bore testimony to his daring courage, and expressed to me the greatest anxiety for his speedy recovery. Your State may well be proud of such a noble son." In this instance, as in many and many another, the battle is over and the funeral succeeds. But in this case, as in the other cases of the mortality of those last memorable days, even kindred can almost suppress grief in the joy-pgean of victory. Not so in four long years before. But now the Republic is safe, and becomes henceforth the monument to every one of its heroic departed. And so the sur- vivors, with a solace that almost amounts to a triumph over nature, may now, as in no age before, commit the mortal remains of valor to the dust of the earth. Every generation will have a benediction for the soldier of the War of Restoration and Liberation. " Sleep sweetly, tender heart, in peace, Sleep, holy spirit, blessed soul, While the stars burn, the moons increase, And the great ages onward roll." A. H. B. 282 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. 1865, To avoid any confusion in reading these reports, it is necessary to remember that the 3d battalion, 1st Mas- sachusetts cavalry became, August 4, 1863, the Inde- phYse"in pendent Battalion Massachusetts Cavalry; and again, ;;d baYtai- in January, 1864, was incorporated, with two battalions Mass. cav- ucwly rccruitcd in Massachusetts and organized to- ^ '^ gether with them, into the 4th Massachusetts cavalry. This battalion was in South Carolina when this reor- ganization took place. It left South Carolina — being replaced by one of the new battalions from Massachu- setts — and went to Virginia, still commanded by Ma- jor Stevens. In the 1st Massachusetts these four companies, com- posing the battalion, were known as I, K, L, and M. When they became the Independent Battalion, they SZt?i? were known as A, B, C, and D. In the 4th Massachu- the battai- ^^^^^ ^j^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ kuowu as I, K, L, and M. It was three of these companies, I, L, and M, that, under the command of Colonel Francis Washburn, did such con- spicuous service at High Bridge. Many of the of&cers of all the companies of the 4th cavalry were of the old 1st, either as enlisted men or as officers, so that their glory and honor is common to the 1st ; and, while the deeds of the 1st Massachusetts cav- alry are a proof of the common training and discipline of 1861-62, it furnished the leaven that ran through all the Massachusetts cavalry regiments, except the 3d, and largely made them what they were. ion, CHAPTER XIII. MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. HORSES, ARMS, EQUIP- MENTS. NAMES OF BATTLES ON THE FLAG, ETC. The men of the regiment who came from the cities Nothing to and those who came from the country districts were tweencity about equally divided. At first most of the of&cers were try men. from those cities and towns where the companies were raised. Those who were afterwards appointed by Colo- nel Williams were all from cities, and a large proportion had graduated from Harvard College Avithin a few years. But as time wore on promotions were made from the ranks, and many of those thus advanced came from the country districts ; so that it is fair to say that the men of the regiment, both officers and those in the ranks, were about equally divided between the city and the country. Was there anything to choose between these two classes? Decidedly not. In the city companies there were more f oreigfuers. All were from Massachu- setts, and it is safe to say that no Massachusetts regi- ment was composed of a better class of men than the 1st cavalry. The South Carolina experience, while of no possible Experience T 1 j_i 1 gained in use to the country and the army directly, none the less (South Car- aiforded an unusual chance for drill, discipline, and learning all the principles of outpost duty. Marching and fighting had to be learned afterwards, as also sup- plying the regiment with commissary and quartermaster 284 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Known for steadiness under fire. Not good horsemen. Draw- backs of the New Enghind- stores in the field. But the system was acquired in South Carolina, under the admirable teaching- of Colo- nel Williams. Throughout the cavalry corps the regi- ment was always known for steadiness, and it frequently happened that in an engagement it would be held in reserve for an emergency, and thus would miss a chance to distinguish itself. At such times it not unfre- quently supported a battery, or stood still under fire, waiting its opportunity. As a rule, the men Avere not good horsemen, neither did they ever excel in the use of fire-arms. These two accomplishments can be acquired only in youth, and even then by persons who, from their situation, are compelled to use horses and guns, or have a decided love for both. It would have been vastly better for the service if the regiment could have been recruited from among men who in size, disposition, and previous mode of life, had an especial adaptation to the duties of the cavalryman. It was one of the drawbacks of the soldiers raised in the eastern part of the country, and particularly of New Englanders, that they were not used to fire-arms, and they were consequently poor shots. Their mode of life adapted New Englanders more for the infantry and artillery than for cavalry service, and not even in South Carolina was there time or opportunity for making the men excellent horsemen. The drill and the evolutions of a regiment Avere learned quickly, and well, but through- out the cavalry from the East, horsemanship was, to say the least, indifferent. The Confederacy had an immense advantage in the universal practice of horsemanship and familiarity with fire-arms, which had always obtained there. MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. 285 The men were thoroughly well drilled in sabre exer- Thorough- cise, both on foot and mounted. After dress parade, iusalre' sabre drill would frequently follow, and it was a beauti- ^'^'^^^^^'^' f ul sight to see the glittering sabres swing together, and hear the swish of the twirling blades. The regiment was particularly good at picket duty, Never sur- and in this service it never suffered a surprise, and the^ene '^ exceedingly little loss, during the Avhole Avar. Almost without exception, the other regiments with which it Avas brigaded were at one time or another surprised, and lost many men in killed, wounded, and prisoners, while on picket. Many of the 1st Massachusetts were killed and wounded, but almost none caj^tured before they could give the alarm. Whenever the regiment was stationed in any toAvn, and several times it was, notably at Warrentoii, Va., it had a reputation for good behavior which was the direct result of its discipline, added to the excellent character of the men themselves. Both for officers and men there were many friends of both sexes ; a rather remarkable thing in this bitterly secessionist town. Warrenton gave to the Confederate army (a large proportion for the cavalry) every one of its citizens capable of bearing arms. Nor was the aid of the women of that town to be despised as spies and scouts. The 1st Massachusetts not only furnished officers for Supplies other com- its own organization, but also a laro^e proiiortion of the "i^*"'!^^ ^ <^ i^ i- with om- officers of the 2d and 5th Massachusetts cavalry, and ^'^''^^ one entire battalion of the 4:th Massachusetts cavalry. Many of these officers were the best in the 1st, and in Capacity their subsequent careers did honor to the excellent ^"^^"' training they had received in their original regiment. As was natural, from a regiment composed of such an 286 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. excellent class of men, a good many of tlie privates and not a few of the officers were detached on staff duty, and for other reasons, at different places away from the colors. This detaching of officers and men weakened the regiment's efficiency. Still, so good was the mate- rial, that any loss of officers could be replaced from the ranks of the regiment. Shortly after the expiration of the war an association of members of the regiment was formed, called the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry Association, which has met every year since to talk over old war times and experi- ences. The old 3d battalion, made into the indepen- dent battalion August, 1863, has also an association which meets regularly, and several company associations exist. At the annual meeting of the regimental asso- ciation held in 1886, a suitable badge for members was adopted, and it is generally worn by the comrades at their reunions. Colonels Duriug its wliole three years' service, and more, the lains. regiment had but three colonels : Robert Williams, from September, 1861, to October, 1862 ; H. B. Sar- gent, from October, 1862, to September 29, 1864 ; and S. E. Chamberlain from that time until the end. Ori- ginally the regiment had a chaplain, as had all Massa- chusetts regiments, but his duties were anomalous, and he usually had more to do with the post office than anything else. When Chaplain Patterson resigned at Hilton Head, early in 1862, he was never replaced until in 1864, when G. W. Gorham, company F, was made chaplain. Svirgeons The rcsfiment was always fortunate in its sur2!"eons, oftheregi- *^ . • i i • i -rw tt n i ^^^^- and during its term of service had eight. Dr. Holland, MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. 287 of Westfield, Mass., a man of great reputation before The doc- entering the regiment, was the first surgeon-major. Dr. *°'- Oscar C. DeWolf was assistant surgeon ; he afterwards went to the 2d as surgeon-major, and in Chicago has smce become famous. Dr. Albert Wood succeeded Dr. Holland as surgeon-major, and had as assistants Drs. Warner, Rice, George S. Osborne, and S. W. Abbott. Hospital-steward Munn, who to-day is a surgeon in the United States army, served in that rank in the regiment until made assistant surgeon of the 27th Massachusetts. Dr. S. H. Durgin was assistant surgeon. These sur- geons were aU good, some preeminently so. No officers were so universally welcomed as the doctors, as they were always called, and no regiments were more fortu- nate and very few as much so as the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry. HORSES. There were many peculiar horses among those the Reminis- contractor delivered in Massachusetts in 1861. One in cerufny°"' particular, named " White Eye," had been, in Virginia, %?' a famous^ race-horse. He was a thoroughbred, son of "Boston." For some years before the war he had belonged to different horsey gentlemen in the city of Boston, changing hands frequently, on account of a decidedly peculiar temper. Once, in Boston, he was bemg ridden toward State Street, on Court. The street was blocked by heavy teams, but White Eye would stop for nothing, and he jumped, rider and all, into a loaded coal cart. He had suffered damage in his legs, and one was Misden.ea- queer. That did not stop him from going, and in spite wStf ot all he was a magnificent beast, a light chestnut sorrel, ''"" 288 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. with blaze face and " white stockings," large and power- ful. After one officer had tried and condemned him, he was given to Massey, company H, who was an EngHsh- man, and had been a jockey, and could usually manage him. But on one occasion, at Beaufort, when Captain Sargent was describing some movement to his sqnadron in line, the Heutenants sitting leisurely in front of the squadron, listening to the captain. White Eye suddenly took it into his head to go, and like a bullet he dashed out of the ranks, overturning Lieutenant Pratt and horse like a card house, and ran for miles with Massey before he could be stopped. White Eye's career was checkered thickly with misdemeanors in South Carolina and Maryland. During the Antietam campaign, in 1862, he was one evening being led with the officers' spare horses, with a pack on his back, along the canal Was the towpatli, ou tlic Potomac River. Suddenly, and without sane? wamiug, he leaped from the towpatli to a convenient canal boat, from that to the opposite bank, and then into the Potomac River, in whose waters he disappeared. It was dusk, and that was the last seen of him. In 1864, at Charlestown, Va., when on General Sheridan's staff, Major B.W. Crowninshield met Mr. Botts, brother of John Minor Botts, the most prominent Union man of Virginia, and a famous breeder of thoroughbred stock. Mr. Botts remembered the horse very well, and said the temper was noted in " Boston's " descendants. The horse was, perhaps, insane. A horse In couipauy F was a peculiar broncho, a dun-colored notbe°rid- horsc, Avitli a dark line down his back. This beast could never be ridden. Innumerable attempts were made during many months to subdue him by Rarey's and others' methods. All were in vain. He would be B. W. CROWNINSHIELD Capt, and Brvt. Col. w I im- MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. 289 pulled over backwards twenty times in succession, and mounted and remounted by relays of troopers. All efforts and contrivances were useless. The horse was victorious over his enemy, man. When the regiment left the State, officers tried to Two ._ get good mounts, and two horses were procured from 0"^' Canada, from which to pick the best and present it to ^°''''" Colonel Wilhams, by his well-wishers in Boston. An immense brown horse named '' Clodhopper," considered the best steeple-chaser in Canada, was the choice. The horse proved almost useless as a charger, being very hard in his gait, and the colonel seldom used him. Lieutenant-Colonel Sargent got from Canada " Brother to Brooker," a horse of great accompKshment as a jumper. But his temper and mouth Avere incompatible with cavalry service, and not even a Mexican bit with a wn-e attachment running across the horse's nose would stop him when he wanted to go. On the first march of the whole battalion on Beaufort shell road, when the trot was taken. Brother to Brooker took an uncontrol- lable gallop, and the singular spectacle of a runaway battalion was presented. Some troopers ran into the river, and few stopped until camp was reached. While at Beaufort, Captain Caspar Crowninshield Michigan- purchased of an officer of the 8th JNIichigan infantry a '^''" sorrel stalhon of great power which was ever afterwards called " Michigander." This horse was finally killed by a shell, under the same officer, then colonel of the 2d Massachusetts cavalry, at Waynesboro, Va., October, 1864. Lieutenant Merrill had a mahogany bay stallion, " Old oid Tom. Tom," who became well known. In a skirmish with Captain B. W. Crowniushield's unmense bay horse, " Old 290 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Old Man. Nutmeg and Gra- ter. Tom Tay- lor. Ephraim. Man," of pronounced talent in kicking, Lieutenant Mer- rill's stallion had his skull fractured, but he survived. Major Higg-inson bought a fine strawberry roan of a man of the 3d Indiana cavalry, which he called " Nut- mes"." A somewhat larorer animal he called " Grater." Probably each officer owned a horse that he considered remarkable. Those instances are given which are fresh in the historian's memory. There were many horses in the ranks which developed fame, especially when the owners were smart enough to get sufficient fodder for them, or such a position as would enable them always to have plenty. Farrier Hilton, of company H, had a horse who was fast, and won money in running matches. A horse called '^ Tom Taylor," in company F, was also fast. In some regiments, the officers, particularly in the quarter- master or commissary department, owned horses kept for racing. Some of these were thoroughbreds ; and while in winter quarters, running races, usually " quarter races," was an element of amusement. One such occa- sion occurred while the cavalry Avas together at Paolis Mills, just before coming to the Wilderness, in 1864, and considerable money was dropped in the 1st Massa- chusetts, by betting on Tom Taylor, against an unknown, which turned out to be a thoroughbred " quarter horse." Sergeant Coolidge, of company A, had what was per- haps the last of the horses originally issued in Massa- chusetts ; a sturdy " canuck," or Canadian horse, with long hair on the fetlocks, very thick mane and tail, and a large head and heavy neck. He was always fat and well. On crossing the Pamunkey at Hanover town, June 27, 1864, " Ephraim " (that was his name) disappeared. Somebody stole him, and carried him beyond the ken MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. 291 and reach of an outraged veteran cavalry soldier — pretty carefully hidden he must have been. A good cavalry soldier was a good provider. The Trait of a IIP J"!*! 1 11 good cav- excellent trooper had lorage tor his horse when nobody airy soi- else did. Perhaps such a soldier might be slightly ob- livious, at times, of the difference between ineuin and tuum, and very likely the maxims of an ideal trooper would not do for a Sunday-school. But Sunday-schools do not raise cavalry, and in war other morals rule. Some men were always well mounted, had good horses, and their weapons were ready all the time ; of such is an efficient regiment of cavalry. The vicinity of the picket rope was not a place for The picket fine-spun theories on morals. It frequently happened on a march in a new part of the country that strange horses sometimes appeared. " Where did you get that horse ? " spoken by the captain, would usually provoke an irrelevant answer. It was odd how a little art would change a horse's A troop- , , . , , , 1 , . er's art in appearance so that his own dam would not know him, disguising xiorsGS let alone owner or breeder. If the horse could talk, he would say in the classical words of Mother Goose, " Sure this is none of I," after falling into the hands of a veteran trooper who wanted a new horse. With a pair of scissors, a very nice imitation of a brand would be made to appear on shoulder or hip. A little hair- dye would remove all white marks, and the same scis- sors would so change mane and tail as to make the animal unrecognizable. A piece of horse hair drawn about the coronet would produce an immediate and unaccountable lameness, which a knife would instantly dissipate. Almost any change in apjDcarance or gait could be produced at short notice by the cunning trooper. 292 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. A lost While in Maryland, a new horse would occasionally horse seldorc found. seldom appear, and frequently the owner, not long after, in Reverence search of a lost animal. The captain would say, " Come, look over the picket rope ; see if you can find your horse here." Somehow they never could. A dispute once occurred ahout the age of a horse be- for age. louging to au officer. The question was referred to an old Irishman named Brannon, who formerly had been in a famous trotting establishment, and Avas well versed in horse lore. He approached, opened the horse's mouth, and at once took off his hat and made a pro- found bow. " Well ? " said the officer. " Respect for age ! " answered Brannon, to the great amusement of the others present. A new When a new horse was tied to the picket rope, a horse had • i i • • ^ ^ c to fight battle at once began with his neighbors lor sujjremacy, lights. and raged fiercely until the question was decided. That ended forever all quarrels, as far as that horse and his next neighbor were concerned. There was always one " boss " horse, who was never interfered with, on each picket rope, "Banged" The dcpredatious made by certain horses upon the tails and manes of others did not add to the pictur- esqueness of the animals. Sometimes the tails were so uneven that the men would " bang " them squarely across. One trooper had done so to his horse, and the orderly sergeant, at stable call, asked Avhy he had done it. He answered, " To make him look right ; he is a hunter." " Hunt oats ! " was the disdainful answer. Only geld- It is tlic rulc of tlic scrvicc to have only geldings as troop troop horses, for obvious reasons. When the horses came, however, there were a number of mares among them. They proved quite as lasting as the geldings. WILLIAM FINNEY, I. CO., [NEW] j W. I. CASWELL, K. CO., [OLD[ A. R. BRYANT, M. CO., lOLDl ^ **^ V E. H. GOODING, M. CO., FNEWl FRANK M. LUND, M. CO., |OLD] REGIMENTAL BAND. MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. 293 One officer, a fancier of horses, was in the habit of An expeet- picking up horses that were always " going to be " val- oughbred. uable, but which were generally of little account. On the Richmond raid, in May, 1864, he secured a thor- oughbred-looking mare in foal, of which great things were predicted. His disgust was great, when at Hax- all's Landing the mare produced a mule colt. The joke went all through the division. The horses were originally branded, not U. S., as The government horses were usually, but M. C, and cap- of'horael tains of some companies had private marks to distin- guish their animals, such as a small brand on the hoof. Later, horses were used up so rapidly that such marks became useless, and after those first obtained were lost, all new ones had the U. S. brand. The farrier was hard worked on a march. In camp The far- he had a not unpleasant position ; but during a cam- paign he was in constant demand, and had his hands full of work, under no end of difficulty. Before the second year of the war, officers learned that it was a good thing to be prepared for emergencies, and every trooper was required to have one front and one hind shoe fitted for his horse, and placed in the saddle-bags, with nails, ready to be nailed on when needed. The Burden machine-made shoe was used, as it required less work to fit it than to make a shoe from the bar iron. This machine-made shoe had, at the time, been recently patented. A great want, during all the years of the war, was The vet- an efficient veterinary surgeon. In 1864 government surgeon. authorized pay for one, but none ever came to the 1st Massachusetts. In place of such a person, there were plenty of aspirants to the reputation aid fame of " horse 294 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. doctor." They were usually farriers, but sometimes pri- vates. Surgeon-Major Holland, a great lover of horses, was very ready to give advice, and what he gave was always good. He had no patience with the self-called A horse horse doctor. His indignation was great when, at Hil- tauir ^ ton Head, one of them was using violent remedies for a supposed case of coHc in a mare, which proved a little later to be labor pains, when the patient produced a colt, which became a regimental pet. The horse Mucli of the horsc equipment was cumbrous and use- simEed! less. In time of war, except on the plains, there was no need of lariat rope or picket pin. Even watering bri- dles were unnecessary. The heavy leather skirts of the saddle, intended to keep the coat from being soiled, were found needless. Towards the last of the war the men frequently used the saddle tree without leather skirts (they were easily unscrewed from the tree), and in order to make the saddle sit better, the men would put their own blankets under the saddle, over the horse blanket, and thus prevent a saddle gall, and at the same tmie carry their own blankets more comfortably. The heavy hooded stirrups were unsightly and unnecessary, and quickly got out of shape when wet and muddy. The wooden stirrup, without the leather, was better. Many of the bits were too severe. The sol- Of the soldier's equipment, the rattling scabbard, with ec'iu'ipment. irou riugs, made a ceaseless noise. Had the straps fas- tened directly to the scabbard, without the jingling ring, the noise would have been avoided ; and on occasions, absence from this noise would have added to the effi- ciency of a scouting party. The men finally learned to fasten the sabre, scabbard and all, firmly to the near side of the saddle, nearly parallel to the horse's body, and MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. 295 when mounted throw the left leg over it. It was then ready to be drawn when mounted, and was not in the way of the dismounted soldier, who had quite enough to do to take care of himself and his carbine in the thicket into which he had so frequently to march when skirmishing. On foot a sabre is seldom of use, and is dreadfully in the way. The sabres were originaUy the regular United States The sabre. weapon, made at the Ames Works, Springfield, Mass. In 1863, a hghter weapon, of EngHsh make, took their place. Many officers, following the example of Colonel Williams, had the long, straight sword of the French Centgardes, a dangerous looking affair for thrusting. All the sabres were ground as sharp as possible. The revolvers were the Colt's large holster pistol — The re- an excellent weapon. The revolver is of great use on foot and on horseback. The men used to keep the revolver in its case on the belt, or frequently would carry it ready for immediate use, inside the right boot volver. leg. ate arms. The Confederates were armed with sabres of all sorts, Confeder- usually EngHsh make, but sometimes with a heavy Aus- trian cavalry sabre. They had usually Colt's revolvers, which they managed skillfully ; but sometimes they had an English revolver — "Kerr's patent" — not as good a pistol as Colt's. Their ammunition was frequently English. They had sharpshooter companies in a regi- ment, often two, while the balance of the companies was armed with pistols and sabres. Some of their regiments had English Enfield carbines, and some were'' armed with a carbine made in Richmond, like a short Spring- field rifle, made to sling; while some had long rifles slung across the shoulders. The carbines were, in 1862, 296 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. the Smith — a poor weapon — condemned in February, 1863, and replaced by the Sharps, which was the weapon in most general use in the United States cav- alry. Cavalry Amiy rci^ulations prescribed for the United States uniforms. . . cavalry soldier, light blue trousers, dark blue jackets, trimmed with yellow, shoulder scales of brass, and a pre- dacious looking felt hat, with yellow cord. But utility and common sense discarded and simplified most of this, and very soon the uniform was curtailed to a four- button, dark blue blouse, light blue trousers, and a cloth fatigue cap. Boots of various kinds were bought by the men, into which the trousers were tucked. Many troopers of the regular United States cavalry used to cut open the trouser legs, Mexican fashion, and sometimes ornament them with brass buttons down the seam, or else they would have them cut over, with very wide sjiring bottoms. These fashions came from Texas and Mexico, and were ill adapted to muddy Virginia. Appear- There was no splendor in the clothing and equipment veteran of men or liorscs in the cavalry, but although clad the same, what a difference in the appearance of the men of different regiments ! There was something thorough- bred looking in the veteran trooper ; and a regiment of such men, sturdy, sunburned, and weather-beaten, with their useful looking horses, caused respect in the be- holder. When Sheridan's troopers made their march past in Washington, in 1865, the appearance of the cavalry aroused great enthusiasm. Calls. While in camj) the men were aroused by reveille be- fore sunrise ; stable call, 6.30 ; sick call, 6.30 ; orderly call, 7.15 ; breakfast, 7.30 ; watering, 8.30 ; guard mount, 8.30; drill, 9.30; recall, 10.30; drill, 11 j HENRY F. WOOD, CO. C HENRY C. WESTON, CO. D REGIMENTAL BAND MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. 297 recall, 12 ; dinner, 12.'30 ; drill, 2 ; recall, 3 ; stable call, 3 ; retreat and dress parade quarter of an hour before sunset ; tattoo, 9 ; taps, 9.30. This was the order of camp duty at Camp Brigham, Novembei', 1801. It gives some idea of the order of things when cavalry is in camp, and also indicates that idleness is not likely to trouble a trooper's existence. The instrument upon which the calls were blown was Trumpet. supposed to be a trumpet, the musical instrument of cavalry the world over. Once in a while a regiment had trumpets ; and they can make good music, too, when well played. More frequently regiments had bugles, the same as Bugle, artillery or infantry. These were shriller, and made sounds which could be heard farther, but they lacked the variety of notes which a trumpet, lower pitched, will produce. The cavalry calls were identical with those of the French cavalry. Those of the infantry and artillery were French too. The drill was French : the double ranked formation. Fninch . . . , drill. And, except the 1st Maine, all the regiments in the Army of the Potomac used the same drill. The text- book was McClellan's. Besides the drill according to McClellan's cavalry iiorseB 1 • 1 1 • c( 1 n T ijinfjht to tactics, tlie men in both camps m feouth Carolina were leup. taught to leap their horses over timber and ditches. In this exercise the men were fully accoutred with arms, and in jumping the sabre would make wild movements. So did men and horses sometimes, and the exercise pro- voked abundant mirth. It was not all fun, by any means. At Beaufort an artificial ditch was made in the sandy soil, next to company F's officers' tents, and the 298 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. ditch had to be faced with timber to preserve its shape. In jumping, some went over, some into the ditch, and some stopped short. Men and horses would occasion- ally part company, and sprains and contusions resulted. All vastly preferred the timber jump to the ditch. Col- onel Sargent's steeple chaser could always show the way to the whole battalion, and in any exercise on horseback he made an admirable model for his troopers. Diffieiiity The officers Avere compelled to have non-enlisted men servants, for scrvauts — by the way, almost an impossibility to obtain. These servants, frequently negroes, marched with the baggage animals of the brigade, and with the officers' led horses, and few were good servants. A pack-saddle, or some large saddle-bags, would take the officers' kits. And a queer looking affair the pack train was, too ! Those servants who were smart would usually manage to beg, borrow, buy, or steal something for the officers' dinner during the day's march. They got to be called " strikers," and there was great rivalry amongf them in ofettino- food and little articles of lux- ury. Commonly, three or four officers would mess to- gether; sometimes the officers of a company or squa- dron would unite. In this manner the smartest strikers would combine to forage for dinner. Commis- " Commissary whiskey," when the war began, was a sary whis- tit ti -it key. reliable and cheap article. Large stores were on hand at depots, and thirsty officers could safely swallow the article dispensed by the commissary department. When this supply ran out, age did not form an element of the article supplied. It was new and fiery, rough and nasty to take, though warming and grateful in times of wet and cold and exhaustion. Various devices were in vogue to take off the ragged edge of this useful bever- MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. 299 age. One was to put it over the fire and let it simmer, another to set it afire and let it burn awhile. What disappeared was popularly supposed to be the worst part. Some called it the fusel oil. It is to be doubted Fusel oil. if the article was much improved by this treatment. Whether in the condition in which it came from the commissary's hands, or from those of the would-be im- prover, commissary whiskey was always popular enough. It was sold cheaply, too. There was a tradition, prob- a baseless , , . , . tradition. ably baseless, that no commissary or quartermaster ever paid anything for his own whiskey, but that water enough was turned into the barrels to keep his account square. Amono" the resfiments with which the 1st Massachu- intimates . . . , of the 1st setts was brigaded, none was so intimately connected, Massacim- with it, perhaps, as the 1st Rhode Island, unless possi- bly the 3d Pennsylvania. In 1864, however, neither of these regiments was in Davies' brigade, and intimate relations were then established with the 1st Pennsylva- nia, and 1st New Jersey, and 6th Ohio, of which the last only was in the same brigade in 1863. General Henry E. Davies commanded the brigade to Command- whicli the 1st Massachusetts belonged, from April, 1864, brigade. to the end ; an admirable commander, always in the place of danger, he ordered nobody where he did not go himself. From October, 1862, and until January, 1863, the brigade was commanded by General William W. Averell. Colonel A. N. Duffie succeeded General Averell, and General Kilpatrick had the brigade a little while in June, 1863. Colonel Huey of the 8th Pennsylvania, and others, according to seniority, succeeded him. In 1863 the organization of the brigades was frequently 300 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Division command- ers. Organiza- tion of regiment. Corps of pioneers. changed, and the commanders as frequently. Usually, this summer of 1863, brigades were commanded by the senior colonel in the brigade, and later, frequently by Colonel J. H. Taylor of the 1st Pennsylvania. The division commander from 1863 to 1865 was Brigadier-General David McM. Gregg, an officer of sin- gular evenness of temper and coolness, steady and im- perturbable under all circumstances. He was trusted and relied on, and beloved by all his inferiors in rank. The regiment was fortunate to be under him, and he always appreciated the regiment's steadiness. When the regiment was first organized, the system for the regular army had recently been adopted of hav- ing three battalions, each complete in itself, with quar- termaster, commissary, etc. In organizing volunteer regiments, where battalions would be kept together, these additional officers were not allowed, as regiments were then expected to serve together, and not by battalions. There was established a corps of pioneers in 1863, who rode at the head of the resriment on the march. There were sixteen men, and a sergeant in command. These pioneers had to take down fences, build and de- stroy bridges, erect barricades, and generally do axe- men's work. Besides their arms, some carried axes slung across their shoulders, some shovels, and some picks. They were chosen men and a trusty corps. In winter, when the tents were logged up, they built field and staff officers' huts, and those for the regiment, such as hospital, commissary, and quartermaster. Details from companies built usually their own and their offi- cers' huts. As the pioneers of the 1st were unusually clever at MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. 301 this business, they were always in demand at brigade Work of and division headquarters, to make the generals and neeii!^° staffs comfortable. During the winter of 1864-65, be- fore Petersburg, they built a little church and a gym- nasium. With their axes they could square timbers and build huts as handsomely finished as if planes and sand- paper had been used, and furniture, too, was occasion- ally made for high officers. The names of battles on the flag of the 1st Massa- Names of chusetts, allowed by general order No. 10, of March 7, t^e flag?'' 1865, from headquarters Army of the Potomac, were as follows : — Poolesville, September 5, 1862. South Mountain, September 15, 1862. Antietam, September 17, 1862. Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. Chancellorsville, May, 1863. Brandy Station, June 9, 1863. Aldie, June 17, 1863. Upperville, June 21, 1863. Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Williamsport. Culpeper, September 13, 1863. Auburn, October 13, 1863. Todd's Tavern, May 5, 1864. Fortifications of Richmond, May 12, 1864. Cold Harbor, June 2, 1864. St. Mary's Church, June 24, 1864. Bellefield, December 10, 1864. Vaughan Road, February 8, 1865. At several of the battles named the regiment, though Names present, was not seriously engaged ; but there were oth- should ers which certainly should be inscribed on the colors, oTthe^^" where the regiment fought bravely and suffered loss. ^* Notably at : — 302 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Snicker's Ferry, November 6, 1862. Sulphur Springs, October 12, 1863. New Hope Church (Mine Run), November 27, 1863. Ground Squirrel Church, May 11, 1864. Ashland, May 11, 1864. Hawes Shop, May 28, 1864. Trevilian's Station, June, 1864. Deep Bottom, July 29, 1864. Malvern Hill, July 29, 1864. Reams Station. Cattle raid, August 16, 1864. Memories Other sGHses besides those of sigcht and hearino; have evoked by . . the sense Jgf^ {q^ Qiir iiiemories reminiscences of warKke experi- oi smell. ^ ence. Wlio can smell the smoke of a forest fire with- out having recalled the bivouacs in the woods, in which so very many times the horses would be picketed and the shelter tents put up ? Penny- Can aiiv soldier ever f orsret how characteristic of Vir- royal. . . '' ^. . ginia and Maryland campaigning was the smell of the pennyroyal herb ? It was in all the fields, and on being crushed gave out its pungent but agreeable odor. Wild gar- In Spring, in the same States, the wild garhc was omnipresent. As a consequence the beef cattle ate it, and in turn its pervasive flavor was imparted to the beef and to the milk. This was particularly noticeable in May, 1864, on the plains between the Rappahannock and Rapidan rivers, where all Grant's army prepared to cross, before the memorable Wilderness campaign. Green per- No One wlio marchcd with the cavalry will forget the attractive appearance of the persimmon trees in au- tumn, loaded with their beautiful fruit, which proved for the unwary like the apples of Sodom. It was a common trick to give them to the innocent recruits and watch the effect. Simmons. TYLER HARDING, E CO GEO. A. ABEL, F CO. GEO, W. FILLEY, F CO. Vs'M. H. RICE, G CO, GERRY R. VVALKER, H CO, REGIMENTAL BAND MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. 303 Should any one ask the writer to name something a pervad- pecuHar to the South, he would say " pigs." The pig temtic ot , . .•, . ^ r\ ^ *^® South. was the most important contribution to the bouthern food supply, and was met with on every road and in every field. He was impartial, and had apparently no Southern proclivities ; he yielded his succulency as freely to the Northern soldier as to his master during the years of the war, and afforded much amusement in his taking off. It would make one fall from his horse with laughter to see poor piggy's pursuit by a band of hungry boys in blue, his squeals vexing the air. A pig hunt was always in order, and at times the pig was the principal commissary department of the cavalry. The Virginia snake fence was also a feature, the cor- The vir- ners giving good shelter when nothing else offered at ^'"^ '^""^' night. In skirmishing, too, the fences, and particu- larly the corners and angles, were in demand. Fences had, however, another use much more important than these. As material for fires they were " worth a farm." The reofiment's halt for the nig-ht was the doom of the rails, and in ten minutes all the fields became one, as the fences disappeared. But there were fences which, for different reasons, were sacred. The owners might be called Union, or foreigners. I recall a place near Greenwich, belonging to English people, as a striking instance of this. When headquarters, whether regi- mental or brigade or division, were established at a house which boasted any fences, these would generally be guarded, as a token of hospitality. Then there would be grumbling loud and deep, when other sources of supply gave out, and sometimes, when next day dawned, the guards would find the fence gone. Fences became a curiosity in Virginia in many places in 1862, 304 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. and rail-splitters must have had their hands full for a long time after Appomattox. Character- In the South, then, pigs and rail fences Avere univer- eertainof sal. In Maryland and Pennsylvania a characteristic the South- 1 1 • 1 1 . 1 1 11 era States, was the Dig barn, the spring house, and apple butter. In Virginia, apple jack, mint julep, and egg-nog, too. In South Carolina, swamps, live-oaks, mocking-birds, flowering- hedofes, and magfiiolias. First, On one of his first tours of picket at Beaufort, the catch your , , pig- desire for fresh meat made the writer buy a little pig. He was sold by the negro woman who claimed to own him, " on the hoof." He resisted all the blandishments offered to induce him to come near enough to put salt on his tail. So drawing a small self-cocking revolver. gTO. we tried him on the wing, and brought him down. The pig was delicious, if not up to the standard of Charles Lamb. Naturally they grew scarcer all the time, and more wary. Ofthene- Of tlic iicgro mucli cau be said. We used at one time to think they all looked just alike, but after seeing those at Hilton Head and Beaufort, the Viroinian neofro looked very different. Those in South Carolina were, many of them, imported from Africa in the original package. They were mostly intensely black, uncouth, and unattractive in their appearance. Being on picket with Lieutenant Charles Francis Adams, Jr., an im- mensely powerful, jet black man was interviewed, who was bewailing his lot in terms understood with difficulty. He was bemoaninof the loss of " seventeen head " of something understood to be cattle, or perhaps pigs, and we naturally thought of the marauding infantrymen who were on picket. So we asked, " Was it pigs? " he had lost. " No," said he, " seventeen head of children." MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. 305 He went on to regret that the war had taken away the Depreei- value of slaves ; how a good field hand that used to be vaCe of worth fifteen hundred dollars was now worth not more ^^ "^^*'* than two hundred and fifty. Lieutenant Adams said, " Well, our family is pretty well on record as aboKtion- ists, but if niggers are as cheap as that, I shall have to think about buying some." Two prominent Massachusetts gentlemen, who had Ne^ro sons in the regiment, and had come down to Beaufort '^°"'^°' to have a look at things, were one day riding in a cot- ton field with the writer. We met a party of negro wo- men, field hands, powerful but not beautiful. Both gen- tlemen looked with anything but rapture at the exhibi- tion of female charms, and Mr. F said, " M , there is one thing I cannot account for, and that is the mulatto." Darwin's theory would gain adherents in South Carolina. There were two kinds of music in the regiment be- Darkey sides the band. When the regiment was in South Car- shS"*^ olina there collected about the different departments various negroes, of all shades of color. Many were officers' servants. But among the mule drivers and in the quartermaster's department were some individuals who excelled as singers and dancers. The leader was a mulatto named Arthur, possessed of a very melodious tenor voice, and a repertory of peculiar songs, many of them savoring of the religious, which after the war be- came famous and popular, such as "Sweet Chariot," " Golden Stairs," etc. This Arthur organized a band of singers, who beguiled the evenings in Maryland with singing and dancing. To display the latter art, the backboard of a mule wagon was usually the floor ; and with the accompaniment of a band of singers, a big 306 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Autumn fire, aiid a crowd of officers and men in the background Ittrac"-^ it made the cool autumn evenings pass pleasantly. Offi- ^^^' cers from other regiments would be attracted also, and these nesfro artists became famous. All knew the genuine Carolina songs, and how to pat the rhythm with their hands on their thighs, which gave an origi- nal flavor to the entertainment. They disappeared when the regiment left Maryland, November, 1862. Lieutenant Merrill's black servant, who came from South Carolina, also had a sweet, low voice, and one verse he used to sing runs in the historian's memory : — " Oh, hush you silly creature ! Oh, cease your flattering tongue ! Talk about getting married dear. You know you are too young," accompanied by the beat of his foot and the pat of his hand to emphasize the rhythm, — probably some old South Carolina song. Negro All who wcre at Beaufort will recall the " shouts," "shouts. ' gQ_j,^jjg(j^ ^f ^Ijg negroes. Crowds would assemble and sing together, standing and shuffling about in a circle, with constantly increasing enthusiasm, and with an ac- companying and overpowering odor, which made white attendance short. A quar- There was also a quartette of enlisted men, who made capital music, and helped amuse the officers and men. One song in particular, the chorus of which ran " Hur- rah for old New England and her cloud-capped granite hills," was a prime favorite. There was another, one verse of which will be remembered by many : — " I asked her if she could, and would ; I thought she 'd say she couldn't. Instead of that she said she could, But rather thous:ht she would n't." tette MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. 307 This quartette had a reputation outside the regiment, and was frequently invited to other regiments, where they were always gladly received and generously treated. One officer was a great reader o£ newspapers, and a a book devourer of such books as found their way to camp. '"''™- If any owner of a novel missed it, he at once hunted up Lieutenant C , with the good chance of finding the whereabouts of the missing volume, if not of recov- enng it. His literary habits were not without danger to fellow officers, in other ways than in the alibi of books. Thirst for literary amusement led to reading after dark ; the only reclining position obtainable was lying down in a tent, while light came from a candle placed in a bottle or even on the ground ; and beds were almost always of straw or hay. This made a bad combination. A bad It resulted that from fatigue, or from a soporific book, tTon.''"^' the lieutenant twice fell asleep while reading by candle light, and woke up to find his bed and the tent on fire. On both occasions, first at Hagerstown, second at Po- tomac Run, the tent was totally destroyed, with most of its contents. One interesting part of the event was that the tent belonged to another officer, who on both occasions had to bemoan the loss of what few articles of luxury he possessed ; one of the tents was his own, sent from Boston, and the loss was quite irreparable. Once, on a march, the adjutant, during a halt, placed the colors in an apple-tree, and when the regiment marched, a little later, forgot them. A party sent back fortunately found them where they were left. The 4th New York cavalry was a peculiar, and might a polyglot have been called the polyglot regiment. The colonel, "'^'^^""'' Di Cesnola, was an Italian. Other field officers were 308 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Foreign element in 4th N. Y. Cavalry. Drafted men not equal to volun- teers. Schemes to avoid service at the front. Americans and Germans; while the men inchided Amer- icans, Germans, Frenchmen, Italians, Spaniards, Hunga- rians, and perhaps men of other countries. Most of them could speak only their own language. A large proportion had been in cavalry service in their own country, and many were well set up, and fine looking. They were sad rogues, and the regiment lacked cohe- sion and unity, as might be expected from the elements. The officer of the day gave them a wide berth when coming to their pickets, as they could not understand him, nor he them. In some battles they fought very well, but generally they were not considered reliable, and there were scandals of frequent occurrence. The American part was far the best, and at Upperville dis- ting-uished itself and the whole regfiment. The 1st Massachusetts was frequently brigaded with this regi- ment. The recruits sent to the regiment, as the war was prolonged, became constantly less good. Bounty men and substitutes were not the equals of the volunteers who originally enlisted. Some were professional bounty jumpers " on the make," trusting to chance to give them an opportunity to desert. The drafted men would do almost anything to escape service, and in the latter part of the winter and spring of 1864, some actually mutilated themselves in order to get to the rear and avoid the campaign. Instances occurred in the regi- ment of men deliberately shooting themselves in the foot, hand, or arm. These wounds sometimes proved more serious than was intended. One veteran who had learned his business was easily worth a dozen recruits, as one old horse who had learned army economy was worth a dozen new ones. LORENZO L. HOWES EDWARD W. F. MACINAW HEINRICH HESS CCRPL. GUSTAVE EVERS (SUTLER) HERBERT MAYCOCK A COMPANY THOS. F. B. McDEVITT CHAUNCEY PETTIBOtSlE MISCELLANEOUS RECOLLECTIONS. 309 The youngest soldiers of whom we have record are : The young- Sergeant Richard R. Walsh, of comjDany A, fifteen in the regu years, seven months ; John B. Kelly, company D, fif- teen years ; Charles A. Gay, company H, fifteen years ; Stanton P. Allen, company I (new), fourteen years, nine months. The first death after the regiment left Massachusetts, The first in 1861, was that of Corporal Joseph T. Stevens, of '^'^*^- company I (old), who died March 31, 1862. He was buried with full military honors, the only funeral so conducted in our regiment. In a letter to Harrison Ritchie, aide-de-camp to Gov- ernor Andrew, dated April 12, 1862, Colonel Williams says: "Corporal Stevens died March 31st, and was buried with ^^roj^er military honors, in a small grave- yard in the eastern part of a clear space within the lines of Hilton Head. The proper head and foot boards have been placed in the yard, which has been inclosed, and sown with gi-ass ; the first death which occurred in the regiment since it left the State." The second death was that of James H. Tucker, of company I (old), who died April 30, 1862. One of the most interesting facts in connection with Four the records is that of there being four brothers in the in the regi- regiment. Cyrus D. Strang, and Joel A., of company A ; Jesse and Corporal Gabriel, of company L (old). Joel died of wounds; Gabriel was killed April 6, 1865; Jesse died since service ; Cyrus is still living. All bore an active and honorable part during the service, and enjoyed the entire confidence of their comrades. ment. ROSTER FIELD, LINE AND STAFF OFFICERS. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. LIST OF NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS OF COMPANIES 1861. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. INTRODUCTION TO THE ROSTER. Colonel B. W. Ckowninshield : Dear Sir, — In turning over to you the result of my work as statistician of the 1st Massachusetts Cavaby, I must confess to a feeling of regret that the work which has engrossed much of my time for over two years is at an end. One cannot realize, until he undertakes work of this kind, how fascinat- ing it can be, in spite of the many perplexities and discouragements he meets with. For two years I have been living over again the incidents and scenes of army Hfe ; again I have seen the faces and heard the voices of brave, manly fellows who were once your comrades and mine ; again we have met in the camp, on the scout, in the skirmish, the charge ; again have I stood by the side of a brave comrade who has given his life for his country, or by the wounded, who, with lips compressed to conceal his suffering, declines the proffered help, and resolutely refuses to leave the field, or, if forced to do so, complies with reluctance and regret. The dreary camp and picket duty, the shot and alarm, the bugle call, camp song and jest, the letter sent and received, the long line of horses with their ever restless movement, like waves of the sea, — all these memories, with many more, come thronging to my heart and brain, efEacing time ; and again we are present in person, as we were twenty-five and more years ago. And now comes the saddest part, the awakening and parting ; but never to be so far apai't as before this spiritual reunion. When at your request — I was about to say command — I undertook the arrangement of the statistics of the regiment, it was supposed that the adjutant- general's records, as printed, were substantially correct, making the labor com- paratively light. Such, however, was not the case, and I must ask your kind forbearance for errors that occur. It being impossible to obtain access to the rolls on file in Washington, the aid of General Dalton, Adjutant-General of the State of Massachusetts, was in- voked. He gave me carte-blanche to examine all documents pertaining to the regiment in his charge. Material aid was rendered by his assistants, comrades Baker, Doane, and Wilson, to whom I am under personal obligation. Great injustice would be done did I not, in this connection, speak of the ser- vices of Miss Abbie S. Hall, daughter of the late Colonel Theron E. Hall, who 314 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. has been indefatigable in lier labor to bring order out of chaos. She has given generously of her time for the past two years, going patiently over the work again and again, as new material came to hand. To no one are our thanks more heartily due. Some idea of the necessary work may be had, by considering the fact that there were sixteen full companies, which, with recruits, numbered over 2350 men and 110 officers. To follow these names through their various changes, transfers, and the consolidation of the regiment in 1864 was no small matter ; and if errors occur, as occur they will, the blame must not aU be laid at my door. Take into consideration the worn and almost illegible condition of the company rolls, practically no descriptive rolls, the absence of monthly reports, and the difficulty can be partially understood. Copies were made of the mus- ter in rolls of 1861 and 1864, and the muster out rolls of 1864 and 1865, in- dividual muster in and muster out rolls, and casualty reports from regimental commanders and medical staff. These copies were sent to members of the several companies for additional information. These comrades have rendered valuable assistance, having furnished the missing link without which the record of many a brave and true comrade could not have been conijileted. And while I cannot promote or even brevet them, I would give honorable mention to com- rades Baldwin, Brackett, and Cavanaugh, of company A ; Sanborn and Gay, company B ; C. G. Davis, company C ; E. A. Smith and Livingston, company D ; C. M. Smith and Sunbury, company E ; Hyde, Clark, and "Woodbury, com- pany F ; Sherman, company G ; Duchesney, S. W. and H. T. Bartlett, com- pany H ; Finney, Lincoln, and Swift, company I ; Guptil, company K ; Field and Otis, company L ; Fisher, company M. And to all others who have ren- dered assistance I wish to express gratitude. Comrade J. H. Walker, company I (old), furnished the list of the Old, or Independent Battalion, with names of recruits who joined it after it was merged into the 4th cavalry. These lists were submitted to comrades Willis and Kim- ball, company I ; Bacon, company K ; Stockbridge and Wall, company L ; Atkins and Miles, company M ; who gave additional memoranda of value to the history. It is impossible at this late day to get an accurate list of field casualties. The lists sent by regimental commanders, while correct in the main, often mis- lead. Names and companies are sometimes given wrong ; men reported absent or deserters who were killed in action or taken prisoners, and so reported by the medical department. Many comrades have been lost sight of in the strug- gle to gain a livelihood since the war ; and of these no information can be had, save what is learned from company rolls. As this part of the work is statistical, and not intended to cover personal narrative, I have been obliged to apply the same rule to all, and to condense the work as much as possible. At the same time, I have endeavored to record the military service of all, either in the militia or United States service. In J. W. RICHARDSON LRGT. RICHARD WALSH SERGT. GEO. H. CAVANAUGH JOSIAH D. PATTERSON SEBASTIAN ZIIMMERMAN ELIJAH WILLARD A. COMPANY. INTRODUCTION TO THE ROSTER. 315 spite of this condensation, an unequal, pei'haps undue amount of attention may have been received by some ; if so, I ask mild criticism ; memoranda in some cases being too voluminous, in others too meagre. The age and residence of comrades are recorded as they ajipear on the muster rolls. In many cases, however, the information cannot be considered accurate, as in 1861 boys in their teens became twenty, and old men were equally suc- cessful in renewing their youth. In some cases the place of birth was given, instead of residence ; and when reenlisting another town was named, thus giv- ing, as it were, two " hail ports." The utmost care has been used in searching the record of those comrades against whom rests the charge of desertion ; and the statistics, as here presented, are as recorded in Washington at the present time. This work has been done by Mr. Baker, of the adjutant-general's office, by direction of General Dalton. In this way the disgraceful charge of de- sertion has been wiped from the record of many of the comrades. Trusting that the result of my efforts may meet the approbation of the com- rades of our gallant old regiment, I am, colonel. Yours very truly, D. H. L. Gleason. " The companies of this regiment, from A to M inclusive, were organized at Readville, Mass., from Sept. 5 to Nov. 1, 1861, for three years. Com- panies I, K, L, and M of the original organization were detached Aug. 4, 1863, to form an Independent Battalion of Cavalry, to which eight new compa- nies were added Feb. 12, 1864, forming the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry. Four new companies were raised from Dec. 5, 1863, to Jan. 14, 1864, to take the place of the transferred comjianies. The original members were mustered out and the veterans and recruits consolidated into eight companies Oct. 24, 1864. They remained in service until June 29, 1865, when mustered out, in ac- cordance with orders from War Department." — Official Army Register, Approved March 2, 1865. ABBREVIATIONS. [Abbreviations of which the meaning is obvious are omitted.] Bvigl. Bugler. Disch. for dis. Discharged for disability. Eng. Engagement. Exp. Expiration of service. Far. Farrier. Hosp. Hospital. Ord. Orderly. Pris. Prison or prisoner. Pro. Promoted. Pro. Mar. Provost Marshal. Sad. Saddler. Ser. Service. Wag. Wagoner. V. R. C. Veteran Reserve Corps. One star (*) indicates that the man before whose name it is placed died since termination of service. Two stars (**) denote promotion in the regiment, and indicate that the record is to be found in the officers' list. ROSTER. COLONELS. Robert Williams. Grad. West Point. Instructor in Cav. at West Point Military Academy. Capt. 2d U. S. Dragoons, 1861. Chief of staff to Gen. Banks, spring of 1861. Col. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Oct. 7, 1861, age 32 [Culpeper, Va.]. At his own request recalled to service in U. S. A. Oct. 29, 1862, as A. A. G. Residence, Washington, D. C. Horace Binney Sargent. Grad. Harvard, 1843, with first honors. Grad. Dane Law School, 1845. 1845, 2d Maj. Ind. Corps Cadets, Boston. 1859-60, A. D. C. Gen. Banks' staff, M. V. I\L 1860-61, senior A. D. C. to Gov. Andrew. Lieut.-Col. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Oct. 12, 1861, age 40, [Roxbury]. Col. Oct. 30, 1862. Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Mar. 21, 1864. Disch. for dis. Sept. 29, 1864. In com- mand of brigade April and May, 1863. In autumn of 1863 transf . to Dept. of the Gulf. Severely wounded. Mar. 21, 1864, at eng. Bayou Rapids, La., under Gen. Mower. Appointed " Chief of Cav." Unable to accept on account of wounds. Bvt. Brig.-Geh. U. S. V. " for gallantry and good conduct in the battle of Bayou Rapids." Residence, Santa Monica, Cal. Samuel Emory Chamberlain. Enlisted June, 1846, in 2d Regt. 111. Vol. for Mexican War. Corp. Transf. to 1st U. S. Dragoons. Served through war. 1st Lieut. Co. C. 3d Regt. M. V. M. (3 mos.). M. Apr. 23, 1861. Exp. July 22, 1861. 1st Mass. Cav. Sept. 12, 1861, age 32 [Cambridge]. Capt. Nov. 25, 1861. Maj. Oct. 30, 1862. Lt.-Col. Mar. 5, 1864. Col. Sept. 30, 1864 (not M.). Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Feb. 24, 1865. Prisoner Sept. 5, 1862, Poolesville, Md. Rejoined regt. Dec. 9, 1862. Jan., 1863, Asst. Insp. Gen. to Gen. Averell. Severely wounded, Mar. 17, 1863, Kelly's Ford [gunshot]. Leave of absence until June 3, 1863. Returned to regt. and though not reported for duty, present at Stevens- burg and Aldie. Then in command Camp Parole, Annapolis, until Aug., 1863. Sept. 1, 1863, again at Camp Parole. Returned to the field, May 26, 1864, and commanded regt. until Sept. 1, 1864. Then at Camp Parole until regt. was M. out. Transf. to 5th Mass. Cav. as Col., July 26, 1865. Exp. Nov. 28, 1865. Bvt. Brig.-Gen. U. S. V. (for gallantry at battle of St. Mary's Church). Residence, Wethersfield, Conn. LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. Greely S. Curtis. Capt. 2d M. V. I. May 24, 1861. Resigned Oct. 31, 1861. Maj. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Oct. 31, 1861, age 30 [Boston]. Lieut.-Col. Oct. 30, 1862. Disch. for dis. Mar. 4, 1864. On light duty, Long Island, Boston Harbor, Dec. 12, 1863. Bvt. Brig.-Gen. U. S. V. Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meri- torious conduct." Residence, Boston, Mass. 318 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Lucius Manlius Sargent, Jr. Grad. Harvard, 1848. Giad. Harvard Medical School, 1857. Surg. 2d M. V. I. May 28, 1801. Resigned Oct. 9, 1861. Capt. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Oct. 31, 1861, age 35 [W. Roxbury], Maj. Jan. 2, 1864. Lieut.-Col. Sept. 30, 1864. Killed (before M.) by a shell near Bellfield, Va., Dec. 9, 1864. Severely wounded in chest (gunshot) June 17, 1863, Aldie. In command of regt. Oct. 12 to Dec. 14, 1863. Also from Mar. 24 to May 25, 1864 (Sheridan's 1st raid). Highly complimented for conduct on this raid, by Gen. Davies, in these words : " In a most gallant charge, contributing in an emi- nent degree to the success of the late movement, he fell, sword in hand, at the head of his mounted column." John L. Tewksbury. Served in Forbes Coast Guard, Boston, 1861. M. Co. A. 1st Mass. Cav. Sept. 12, 1861, age 31 [Boston]. Corp., Sergt. 2d Lieut. Dec. 1, 1861. 1st Lieut. Mar. 27, 1862. Capt. Feb. 13, 1863. Maj. Aug. 10, 1864. Lieut.-Col. Dec. 10, 1864 (not M.). In command of regt. at City Point, Va., 1865, till close of war. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Quiucy, 111. MAJORS. *WiLLiAM F. White. Maj. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Nov. 1, 1861, age 53 [Somerville]. Resigned July 17, 1862. Sept. 9, went to camp at Readville with recruits, per Special Order, No. 48: — " Headquarters Boston, September 9, 1861. Major William F. White will proceed forthwith to Readville and assume com- mand of Camp Brigham. He will take with him to camp such cav. recruits as have been enlisted in Boston. By order of the Com. in Chief, Wm. Schouler, Adj." John H. Edson. Grad. West Point, 1853. Lieut. U. S. Mounted Rifles, in Mexican War. Resigned 1860. Maj. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Nov. 4, 1861 [Boston]. Resigned Jan. 7, 1862. Residence, . Henry Lee Higginson. Harvard College, A. M. 2d Lieut. 2d Mass. Inf. May 28, 1861. 1st Lieut. July 8. Resigned Oct. 31. ^ Capt. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Oct. 31, 1861, age 26 [Boston]. Maj. Mar. 26, 1862. Severely wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie (three sabre cuts and two pistol wounds). Disch. for dis. Aug. 9, 1864. On recruiting ser. Mass. Dec. 12, 1863. On staff of Major-Gen. Barlow, July, 1864. Bvt. Lieut.-Col. U. S. V. March 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service during the war, and especially in the cam- paign of 1864 of the Army of the Potomac." Residence, Boston, Mass. *Atherton H. Stevens, Jr. 3d Lieut. Lt. Dragoons, 1st Batt. M. V. M. Capt. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Oct. 31, 1861, age 36 [Cambridge]. Maj. July 19, 1862. Transf. to 4th Mass. Cav. Exp. May 7, 1865. In command of" 3d [Inde- pendent] Batt. Aug. 19, 1862, to Mar., 1864. LEMUEL WOOD B COMPANY ROSTER. 319 Thomas Lawrence Motley. Member of New England Guards, Boston, before the war. 1st. Lieut. 2d Mass. Lif. May 28, 1861, to Dec. 24, 1861. Capt. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Dec. 25, 1861. Maj. Mar. 5, 1864 (not M.). On detached service at Maj.-Gen. Hooker's hdqrs. fall of 1862. On Brig.-Gen. Gordon's staff, Jan. 14, 1863. Rejoined regt. Feb. 15, 1864. Wounded in arm and leg. May 11, 1864, Ashland, Va., and taken prisoner while leading a charge. In Libby Prison 3 mos. Maj. and A. A. G. Nov. 25, 1864. May 19, 1865, on staff of Gen. Gordon, Norfolk, Va. July 5, 1865, with Col. Wilcox, Chief M. O., at Columbus, O. Exp. Sept. 1, 1866, as Bvt. Col. Residence, Groton, Mass. Benjamin W. Crowninshield. Grad. Harvard, 1858. 1st Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Dee. 19, 1861, age 24 [Boston]. Capt. Mar. 26, 1862. On staff of Maj.-Gen. P. H. Sheridan as A. A. D. C. July 26, 1864. Maj. Aug. 10, 1864 (refused commission). Pro. Mar. Gen., Middle Military Div., Sept. 18, 1864. Exp. Nov. 6, 1864, as Bvt. Lieut.-Col. and Bvt. Col. U. S. V. Residence, Boston, Mass. Charles G. Davis. Grad. Green Grammar School, Lowell. Member of National Lancers. 1st Sergt. Co. C. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Sept. 17, 18C1, age 21 [Charlestown]. 2d Lieut. Feb. 4, 1862. 1st Lieut. Jan. 6, 1863. Capt. Feb. 16, 1864. Maj. Sept. 30, 1864. Severely wounded, right arm and shoulder, and prisoner, June 17, 1863, Aldie. Confined in Libby Prison, Va., Danville, Va., Macon, Ga., Charleston, S. C. (under fire), and Columbia, S. C. Escaped from Columbia Nov. 4, 1864. Reached U. S. lines at Knoxville, Teun., 5th Dec. 1864, after a march of 31 nights. Exp. Jan. 5, 1865. Residence, W. Roxbury, Mass. *Edward a. Flint. Grad. Harvard, 1851. Returned from South America to serve in war. 2d Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Nov. 14, 1862, age 30 [Boston]. 1st Lieut. Mar. 21, 1863. Capt. Feb. 16, 1864. Maj. July 2, 1864 (not M.). On detached ser. with Cos. C and D, at Gen. Meade's hdqrs, 1864-65. Bvt. Col. U. S. V. April 9, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Exp. June 26, 1865. Amos L. Hopkins. Grad. Williams College, 1863. Capt. of Batt. organized in college. 2d Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Aug. 11, 1863, age 18 [Williamstown]. Capt. Dec. 10, 1863. Maj. Dec. 10, 1864. Wounded May 5, 1864, in leg. Exp. June 26,1865. J » » 6 1 Residence, New York City. George H. Teague. Member of Salem Cadets, before the war. M. in Co. D, 1st Mass. Cav. Sept. 23, 1861, age 25 [Newton]. Corp., Sergt., 1st Sergt. 2d Lieut. Jan. 27, 1863. 1st Lieut. Jan. 28, 1864. Capt. Sept. 2, 1864. Maj. Dec. 10, 1864 (not M.). On detached ser. with Cos. C and D on Gen. Meade's Body Gd. 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Capt. 5th Mass. Cav. M. Aug. 1865. Exp. Oct. 31, 1865. Residence, Wakefield, Mass. 320 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. SURGEONS. *James Holland. Surg. Major 1st Mass. Cav. M. Sept. 14, 1861, age 45 [Westfield]. Disch. for dis. June 26, 1863. Albert Wood. Grad Dartmouth College, 1856, and Harvard Medical School, 1862. Asst. Surg. 29th M. V. I. Aug. 12, 1862, to July 7, 1863. ^ , ^ „ Mai. and Surg. 1st Mass. Cav. M. July 7, 1863, age 29 [Northboro]. Re- signed Nov. 1, 1864. Acting Staff Surg. U. S. A. Jan. 1, 1865, hosp. City Pt. Resigned May 17, 1865. Residence, Worcester, Mass. Samuel W. Abbott. Grad. Harvard, 1862. Asst. Surg, in Reg. Navy Nov, 11, 1861, to May 24, 1864. Asst. Surg. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Sept. 3, 1864, age 27 [Woburn]. Surg. Nov. 2, 1864. Acting Brig. Surg. Feb. and Mar., 1865. Exp. July 24, 1865. Residence, Wakefield, Mass. ASSISTANT SURGEONS. Oscar C. De Wolf. Williams College, A. M. Grad. N. Y. Medical College, 1858. Asst. Surg. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Sept. 14, 1861, age 26 [Chester]. Surg. 2d Mass. Cav. Nov. 13, 1862. Disch. for dis. Feb. 4, 1865. Residence, Chicago, 111. Albert R. Rice. Grad. Jefferson Medical College, Phil., Pa., 1861. Asst. Surg. 1st Mass. Cav. M. July 24, 1862 [Springfield]. Exp. Nov. 21, 1862. Asst. Surg. 49th M. V. I. M. Dec. 3, 1862. Exp. Sept. 1, 1863. A. A. Surg. U. S. N. Mar., 1864. Disch. Sept., 1865. Residence, Springfield, Mass. Homer H. Warner. Asst. Surg. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Dec. 16, 1862 [Springfield]. Resigned Aug. 20, 1864. Residence, New York City. George Sterne Osborne. Grad. Harvard, 1860. Harvard Medical School, 1863. Acting Asst. Surg. July 8, 1862, to Sept. 9, 1862. Asst. Surg. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Apr. 1, 1863, age 24 [So. Danvers]. With regt. continuously to Jan. 23, 1864. Promoted Maj. and Surg. 5th Mass. Cav. Dec. 30, 1863. Resigned May 7, 1864. Acting Asst. Surg. May 16, 1864, to Sept. 28, 1865. Residence, Peabody, Mass. Samuel H. Durgin. Asst. Surg. M. Aug. 8, 1864 [Alton, N. H.]. With regiment from Aug., 1864. to Appomattox C. H., 1865. Exj). June 26, 1865. Residence, Boston, Mass. CHAPLAINS. William C. Patterson. Chaplain. M. Dec, 30, 1861, age 50 [Dedham.]. Resigned Aug. 18, 1862. Residence, . ROSTER. 321 George W. Gorham. Private, Co. F. M. Dee. 29, 1863, age 43 [Holyoke]. Chaplain, Sept. 18, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . CAPTAINS. Marcus A. Moore. Capt. Lt. Dragoons, M. V. M. Capt. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Oct. 31, 1861, age 37 [Waltham]. Dismissed Jan. 5, 1863. * William Gibbs. Col. of 1st Mass. Art'y, M. V. M. Resigned spring of 1854. Fall of 1854, Commander of Waltham Light Dragoons. In M. V. M. 28 yrs. previous to war Capt. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Oct. 31, 1861, age 45 [Waltham]. Resigned Feb. 3, Luciu8 Richmond. Capt. Lt. Dragoons M. V. M. Capt. 1st. Mass. Cav. M. Oct. 31, 1861, age 31 [No. Bridgewaterl Capt. 4th Cav. Exp. Dec. 17, 1864. & l 5 j p Residence, Brockton, Mass. Oren R. Shaw. 1st Lieut. Lt. Dragoons M. V. M. Capt. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Nov. 25, 1861, age 42 [Boston]. Resigned Jan. 30, Residence, Brooklyn, N. Y. David B. Keith. In U. S. A. before the war. 1st. Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Sept. 25, 1861, aged 30 [Boston]. Capt. Nov. 25, 1861. Resigned June 27, 1862. 2d Lieut. 4th Mass. Cav. M. July 21, 1863. Capt. Dec. 24, 1863. Maj. Dec. 28, 1863. Disch. for dis. Nov. 17, 1864. Residence, Roxbury, Mass. Caspar Crowninshield. Grad. Harvard, 1860. Capt. 20th regiment, M. V. I. Julv 10, 1861. Resigned Nov. 25, 1861. Capt. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Nov. 25, 1861, age 24 [Boston]. Maj. 2d Mass. Cav. Jan. 30, 1863. Lieut.-Col. Mar. 1, 1864. Col. Oct. 21, 1864. Resigned June 16, 1865. Byt. Brig.-Gen. U. S. V. Mar. 13, 1865, « for gallant and meritorious services during the war." Residence, Boston, Mass. * James H. Case. 1st Lieut. Lt. Dragoons, 1st Div. M. V. M. Capt. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Nov. 25, 1861, age 43 [Bridgewaterl. Capt. 4th Mass. Cav. Disch. for dis. Apr. 6, 1864. Arnold A. Rand. Private 4th Batt. M. V. I. Apr. 14, 1861. Second Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Dec. 27, 1861, age 24 [Boston]. Capt. Feb. 4, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1803. Capt. and Asst. Adjt.-Gen. U. S. V. June 3, 1863. Resigned Jan. 12, 1864. Lieut.-Col. 4th Mass. Cav. Dec. 3, 1863. Col. Jan. 22, 1864. Resigned Feb. 3, 1865. Residence, Boston, Mass. 322 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Horace N. Weld. Five years iu U. S. A. before war. Sergt. Boston L. A. Apr. 20 to Aug. 3, 18G1. '2cl Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Dec. 19, 1801, age 41 [Boston]. Capt. Feb. 7, 18G2. Resigned Mar. 10, 1863. 2d Lieut., Aug. 24, 18U3. Capt. Nov. 18, 1863. Maj. 5th Mass. Cav. Jan. 22, 1864. Liout.-Col. Feb. 15, 1865. Exp. Oct. 31, 1865. (On staff of Brig.-Gen. Pierce, Boston, Mar. to Aug., 1863). Residence, Campello, Mass. Myron C. Pratt. 2a and 1st Lieut. M. Dec. 1, 1861, age 30 [Holyoke]. Capt. July 19, 1862. Killed, Nov. 3, 1862, Snicker's Gap, Va. Greenleaf W. Batchelder. 1st Lieut, and Adjt. M. Oct. 31, 1861, age 22 [Boston]. Capt. June 28, 1862, (not M.). Resigned Sept. 13, 1862. Residence, Boston, Mass. Channing Clapp. Grad. Harvard, 1855. 1st. Lieut. M. Dec. 19, 1861 [Boston]. Capt. Sept. 14, 1862. A. A. Gen. U. S. V. May 12, 1863. With Brig.-Gen. Benham's Engineer Brigade until end of war. Exp. July, 1865, as Bvt. Maj. Residence, Boston, Mass. Charles Francis Adams, Jr. Grad. Harvard, 1856. In Boston City Guards, 1857-58. Adjt. 1st M. V. M. 1859. 4th Batt. 1860-1. 1st Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Dec. 19, 1861, age 26 [Quiney]. Capt. Oct. 30, 1862. In couiniand of Cos. C and D, body gd., at (tcu. IMeade's hdqrs. 1864. Lieut.-Col. 5th Mass. Cav. July 15, 1864. Col. Feb. 15, 1865. Resigned Aug. 1, 1865. Bvt. Brig.-Gen. U. S. V. Mar. 13, 1865, " for distinguished gallantry and efficiency at the battles of Secessionville, So. Mountain, and Antietaui, and for meritorious services during the war." Residence, Quiney, Mass. ♦Randolph M. Clark. Grad. Harvard, 1855. 1st Lieut. M. Dec. 26, 1861, age 26 [Dedham]. Acting Adj. 2d Batt. Beau- fort, 1862. Capt. Jan. 6, 1863 (not M.). Disch. Aug. 8, 1863. John G. Thayer. 2d Lieut. M. Dec. 19, 1861, age 32 [Waltham]. 1st Lieut. Feb. 4, 1862. Capt. Feb. 1, 1863. Disch. for dis. Feb. 15, 1864. Residence, . ♦Montgomery Ritchie. Capt. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Nov. 25, 1862 [Geneseo, N. Y.]. Resigned May 6, 1864. Never with regt. On staff of Gen. Augur, Washington, D. C. Henry Pickering Bowditch. Grad. Harvard, 1861. Harvard Medical School, 1868. 2d Lieut. M. Nov. 5, 1861, age 22 [Boston]. 1st Lieut. June 28, 1862. Capt. May 13, 1863. Wounded in riglit arm (gunshot) Nov. 27, 1863, New Hope Ch. Disch. for dis. Feb. 15, 1864. ^Maj. 5th Mass. Cav. Mar. 26, 1864. Resigned June 3, 1865. Residence, Jamaica Plain, Mass. ALBERT S SHEPARD ALEXANDER McDONALD ¥flt *.^ CORPL. GEO. M. WASHBURNE B COMPANY ROSIER. 323 Moses F. "Webster. Corp. Co. B. Light Dragoons, M. V. M. 1st Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Dec. 12, 1861, age 45 [Boston]. Capt. July 3, 1863. Maj. 4th Mass. Cav. Oct. 18, 1864. Resigned July 7, 1865. (Injured, Feb., 1864, Barber's Ford, Fla.) Residence, Boston, Mass. Joshua B. F. Hobbs. Grad. Amherst. Received one year's instruction in cav. evolutions, in Europe. 2d. Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Aug. 24, 1863, age 25 [Boston]. Capt. Nov. 19, 1863. Disch. for dis. Sept. 3, 1864. Residence, . Joseph C. Murphy. Served in U. S. Cav. from 1858 to 1863. 1st Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Oct. 27, 1863, age 27 [Boston]. Capt. July 2, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Herbert Pelham Curtis. Grad. Harvard, 1851. 2d Lieut. M. Dec. 19, 1861, age 31 [Boston]. 1st Lieut, and Adj. July 19, 1862. Capt. Feb. 6, 1864. July to Dec, 1863, on stafP of Gen. Benham, Engineer Brigade. April, 1864, on duty in office of Gen. Holt, Judge Advo. Gen. U. S. A. Disch. from Vol. Ser. June 26, 1865. Appointed Maj. and Judge Advo. June, 1865. Maj. and Judge Advo. U. S. A. Feb. 25, 1867. Lieut.-Col. and Deputy Judge Advo. Gen. U. S. A. Residence, . Daniel H. L. Gleason. Educated in common schools. Private Co. G. M. Sept. 25, 1861, age 20 [Holden]. Sergt. Com. Sergt. Co. G, Oct., 1861. 1st Sergt. Co. F, Nov., 1861. 2d Lieut. July 27, 1862. 1st Lieut. Feb. 1, 1863. Capt. Jan. 27, 1864. Wounded May 1, 1863, Rapidan Sta. Wounded June 3, 1863, White Sulphur Sp. (sabre cut on head). Highly com- mended for gallantry (in reports) by Gens. Pleasonton and DufEd. Severely wounded May 11, 1864, near Ground Squirrel Ch. (gunshot in hip). Highly complimented and Bvt. Maj. on the field by Maj.-Geu. D. McM. Gregg. Disch. for dis. Sept. 14, 1864. Residence, Natick, Mass. James J. Higginson. Grad. Harvard, 1857. 2d Lieut. M. Jan. 6, 1863, age 26 [Boston]. 1st Lieut. Jan. 4, 1864. Capt. Sept. 1, 1864. Resigned May 27, 1865, Bvt. Maj. Prisoner June 17, 1863, Aldie. Confined in Libby. Exchanged Mar. 6, 1864. On detached service with Cos. C and D, Gen. Meade's hdqrs. June, 1864, to May, 1865. Bvt. Maj. April 9, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Residence, New York. Edward S. Wilson. Eight years in Spanish Army (3 years studying cav. and inft. tactics and engi- neering in Gov. and Mil. Academies at Madrid). 2d Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Aug. 24, 1863, age 35 [Bristol, R. I.]. 1st Lieut. Dec. 10, 1863. Capt. Sept. 2, 1864. Wounded and prisoner May 9, 1864, Sheri- dan's Raid. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . 324 FIBST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. *JoHN Drew. Private Co. C. M. Sept. 17, 1861, age 21 [Chelsea]. Corp., Sergt., and 1st Sergt. Co. C. 2d Lieut. Feb. 2, 1864. 1st Lieut. Nov. 14, 1864. Capt. May 30, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. James A. Baldvtin. Bugler Co. A. M. Oct. 22, 1861, age 18 [Maiden]. Corp., Sergt., Q. M. Sergt. 2d Lieut. Feb. 16, 1864. 1st Lieut. Nov. 13, 1864. Capt. Sept. 3, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. On detached ser. with Co. C and D, Gen. Meade's hdqrs. June, 1864, to May, 1865. Residence, Chicago, 111. David W. Herrick. Private Co. D. M. Oct. 12, 1861, age 35 [Boston]. Pro. Sergt. Reenlisted Jan. 30, 1864. 2d Lieut. Feb. 2, 1864. 1st Lieut. Nov. 13, 1864. Capt. June 17, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. Wounded in right arm and left breast (gunshot) June 17, 1863, Aldie. Disabled from June 18, 1863, to Mar. 1864. Mar., 1865, dtld. Asst. Inspector of Fortifications, to Lieut.-Col. Stone, City Point, Va. Re- turned to regt. in April, 1865. Residence, Brighton, Mass. George Lewis Bradbury. Private Co. D. M. Oct. 30, 1861, age 18 [Boston]. Corp. Apr. 10, 1862. Re- enlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Sergt. JVIay 1, 1864. Sergt.-Maj. July 18, 1864. 2d Lieut. Oct. 28, 1864. 1st Lieut, and Adj. Dec. 17, 1864. Capt. June, 1865 (not M.). Exp. June, 1865. Capt. 5th Mass. Cav. M. June 17, 1865. Exp. Oct. 31, 1865. Residence, Indianapolis, Ind. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Charles E. Rice. Member of National Lancers before the war. 1st Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Oct. 31, 1861, age 24 [Brighton]. Resigned Apr. 30, 1862. Capt. 2d Mass. Cav. Feb. 9, 1863. Disch. for dis. Oct. 22, 1864. 2d Lieut. 1st Batt. Frontier Cav. Dec. 27, 1864. Capt. Dec. 29, 1864. Maj. Mar. 15, 1865. Exp. June 30, 1865. Residence, Brighton, Mass. Walter Miles. Member of National Lancers before the war. 1st Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Oct. 31, 1861, age 32 [Charlestown]. Resigned Mar. 6, 1862. Residence, . *Freeman H. Shiverick. Member of N. Bridgewater Dragoons before the war. 1st Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Dec. 12, 1861, age 33 [No. Bridgewater]. Re- signed July 26, 1862. Edward R. Merrill. 3d Lieut. Light Dragoons, M. Y. M. 1st Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Dec. 21, 1801, age 31 [Boston]. Exp. Feb. 15, 1864. Nov. 29, 1863, wounded in right knee (gunshot) at Parker's Store. Capt. 5th Mass. Cav. Apr. 5, 1864. Declined commission. Capt. 1st Frontier Cav. Mar. 20, 1805. Declined commission. Residence, New York City. ROSTER. 325 RuFus D. Hills. 4th Lieut. Light Dragoons, M. V. M. Feb' S^^isoi^'' ^^'''^' ^^^' ^' ^''" ^^' ^^^^' ^^' ^^ ^^^^ Bedford]. Resigned Residence, . *Lucius W. Knight. Sergt, Co. A. Light Dragoons, M. V. M. 1st Lieut, and Regtl. Q. M. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Sept. 9, 1861, ao-e 31 rBostonT Exp. Sept. 27, 1864. A. A. Q. M. 1st Brig. 2d Cav. Div. Aug! iSr 1863.^ ^' Edward A. Brackett. Member of Lt. Dragoons before the war. 1st Lieut, and Batt. Q. M. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Oct. 25, 1861, age 41 TWinches- ter]. Resigned Mar. 6, 1862. ^ '- ^^'^"^^ Residence, . Milton R. Bowkn. July*26,'T862!"'^ ^''"" ^' ^^" ^^ ^''- ^' ^^^^' ^»' ^^ [Dorchester]. Resigned Residence, . Francis Washburn. Grad. Scientific School, Harvard U , 1859 rlf ^'rir ^^-P^''- T-^' ^o.^^' ^^" -^ [Lancaster]. 1st Lieut. Mar. 7, 1862. CoF f2 4 ?SV^n: t"^ ^^' ^^^?' Lieut.-Col. 4th Mass. Cav. Feb. 1 1864. An;-rrri&r^?''' if .°^ T""^' '^I^''- --' ^^^^- ^^t- B^ig-Gen. " to date from April b, Ibbo, lor gallant and meritorious services at High Bridge, Va." *JoHN L. Brigham. Private Co. M. M. Dec. 17, 1861 [Boston]. Regtl. Com. Sergt. 1st Lieut Sub o'f'-^rr/.^f -/m^" 'n 1862.' Exp. Vov. l 1864. Capt? and Col;; of al^d B^lt-M^l'Stt! 9,^1815"^'^^-^^^^^ ^- ^^ ''^"'^"- " «°"«^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^apt. *Henry T. Davis. Grad. Harvard, 1844. • ^^ I^T^- J^hP""}- ^h 18^1' ""S^ ^' [Boston]. 1st Lieut. May 1, 1862. Re- cfpt loth U S cfv' '*■ ^^^^' ^' ^' ^' ^"^ ^^'S-^'"- ^^^^^' ^^ar. 1, 1863. George Blagden. Grad. Harvard, 1856. Member of Boston Cadets 1857-59. 1st Lieut. 1st M. V. M. 1859-60. r . o^"^^'* ^^''- ^^''- ^- ^^«- -^' 1861 [Boston]. 1st Lieut. July 27, 1862. Capt 2d Mass. Cav. Jan. 13, 1863. Maj. Mar. 1, 1864. Exp. June 2, 1865. ^sil . ""t ^^^^-^'^""^ °*" C°^- L^^^ll- ^s«t- to Com. Gen. of Prisoners fall of 1864 to June, 1865. Residence, New York City. William Hathavtay Forbes. Harvard, 1860. 97"i8r9''"V^'*. ^of '.-.^^''•^ ^1- ^^<'- 26, 1861, age 21 [Milton]. 1st Lieut. July n '/ oi ,Sf 1'^ ^^,^/'- ^^^- J'^"- 14, 1863. Maj. May 12, 1863. Lieut.-Col. Oct. 21, 1864 Exp. May 15, 1865. Prisoner July 6, 1864, Aldie, in fight with Mosby Confined at Lynchburg, Ya., Macon, Ga., Charleston and Columbia, S. C. Lscaped from Columbia but recaptured. Exchanged Dec, 1864. Residence, Milton, Mass. 326 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Lucius H. Morrill. Member of Lt. Dragoons before the war. 2cl Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Nov. 12, 18G1, age 34 [New Bedford]. 1st Lieut. Sept. 14, 1862. Capt. 4th Mass. Cav. Aug. 5, 1863. Exp. Dec. 27, 1864. Residence, . Nathaniel Bowditch. Grad. Scientific School, Harvard U., 18G1. 2d Lieut. M. Nov. 5, 1861, age 21 [Boston]. 1st Lieut, and Adj. Oct. 30, 1862. Died Mar, 18, 1863, of wounds received Mar. 17, Kelly's Ford, Acting A. A. Gen. to Col. Duffi^ commanding Brigade. *Charles V. Holt. Com. Sergt. Co. B. M. Sept. 17, 1861, age 21 [Cambridgeport]. 1st. Sergt. 2d Lieut. July 27, 1862. 1st Lieut. Feb. 3, 1863. Transferred to 4th ]\Liss. Cav. Disch. for dis. July 26, 1864. Alton E. Phillips. Member of Springfield Horse Guards before the war. 1st Sergt. Co. E. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Sept. 18, 1861, age 22 [Chicopee]. 2d Lieut. Mar. 7, 1862. 1st Lieut. Jan. 16, 1863. Died of wounds (received at Rapidan Sta.) May 4, 1863. Albert F. Ray. Sergt. Co. D. M. Sept. 23, 1861, age 20 [Haverhill]. Sergt.-Maj. 2d Lieut. June 28, 1862. 1st Lieut. Jan. 27, 1863. Acting Adj. 3d [Independent] Batt. 1863. Capt. 4th Mass. Cav. Jan. 19, 1864. Maj. May 8, 1865 (not M.). Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Haverhill, Mass. Charles Chauncey Parsons. Grad. Harvard, 1860. 2d Lieut. M. Aug. 22, 1862, age 21 [Cambridge]. 1st Lieut. Feb. 13, 1863. Capt. 5th Mass. Cav. Jan. 7, 1864. Maj. May 30, 1865 (not M.). Disch. for dis. June 16, 1865. Residence, Brooklyn, N. Y. George M. Fillebrown. Private Co. F, 4th M. V. M. about three years before the war, and M. into ser. Apr. 22, 1861. Exp. July 22, 1861. Private Co. B, 1st Mass. Cav. M. Sept. 17, 1861, age 20 [Foxboro]. Corp. Com. Sergt. 2d Lieut. Oct. 30, 1862. 1st Lieut. May 12, 1863. Exp. June 25, 1864. Received severe gunshot wound through abdomen June 17, 1863, Aldie. Residence, Jamaica Plain, Mass. John A. Goodwin. Com. Sergt. Co. B. M. Sept. 12, 1861, age 22 [Boston]. Sergt. Maj. 2d Lieut. Dec. 4, 1862. 1st Lieut. May 13, 1863. Ex-p. May 15, 1865. A. A. Q. M. Cav. Dept. Washington, D. C, Apr. 13, 1863 ; returned to regiment Apr. 30, 1864. Wounded and prisoner. May 9, 1864, Sheridan's Raid. Residence, . Harrison Holt. 2d Lieut. 55th M. V. I. May 16, 1863. 1st Lieut. June 7, 1863. Resigned Oct. 14, 1863. 1st Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Nov. 9, 1863, age 21 [Andover]. Disch. for dis. July 26, 1864. Residence, . ROSTER. 327 Edward Payson Hopkins. Left Class of 1864, Williams College, to join regiment. 1st Lieut. M. Jan. 2, 1864, age 21 [Williamstown]. Killed, Ashland, Va., May 11, 1864. ' ' J William W. Wardell. 1st Sergt. Co. C. M. Sept. 17, 1861, age 22 [SomerviUe]. Sergt. Maj. Feb. 1862. 2d Lieut. Jan. 16, 1863. 1st Lieut, and Adj. Jan. 2, 1864. A D. C. to Gen. Davies, Apr. 23, 1864. Killed May 28, 1864, Enuous Church, Va. Charles A. Longfellow. Private 1st Mass. Battery, 1863 (not M.). 2d Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Mar. 27, 1863, age 19 [Cambridge]. Acting Atlj. Aug., 1863. Severely wounded Nov. 27, 1863, New Hope Church (gunshot). 1st Lieut. Jan.^24, 1864 (not M). Disch. for dis. Feb. 15, 1864. 1st Lieut. 5th Mass. Cav. Jan. 7, 1864 ; declined commission. Residence, Boston, Mass. *Edward J. Russell. Com. Sergt. Co. B. M. Sept. 14, 1861, age 21 [Lawrence]. 2d Lieut. Feb. 3, 1863. 1st Lieut. Feb. 16, 1864. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Lawrence N. Duchesney. Private Co. F, 6th M. \. M. Apr. 16, 1861. Exp. Aug. 2, 1861. Private Co. H, 1st Mass. Cav. M. Nov. 22, 1861, age 18 [Lawrence]. Corp. Jan. 1, 1862. Sergt. Feb. 1, 1862. 2d Lieut. Jan. 16, 1863. 1st Lieut. Feb. 16. 1864 (not M.). June 17, 1863, Aldie, injured and prisoner ; in Libby ; confined in dungeon as hostage 73 days ; July 19, 1864, removed to Salisbury ; Oct. 19, 1864. escaped from car en route to Danville ; reached U. S. lines at Knoxville, Jan. 13, 1865. Exp. Apr. 3, 1865. Capt. 1st. Batt. Frontier Cav. M. V. [at- tached to 26th N. Y. Cav.] Mar. 20, 1865. Exp. June 30, 1865. Residence, Lawrence, Mass. Harry D. Littlefield. Private 8th Mass. Batt'y, June 19, 1862. Q. M. Sergt. Exp. Nov. 29, 1862. 2d Lieut. 15th Mass. Batt'y. Dec. 18, 1862. Disch. for dis. Sept. 26, 1863. 1st Sergt. Co. L [New Batt.], 1st Mass. Cav. M. Jan. 6, 1864, age 22 [Roxbury]. 2d Lieut. Mar. 8, 1864. 1st Lieut, and Act'g Adjt. Sept. 3, 1864. Exp. Oct. 22, 1864. 1st Lieut. 11th Batt. L. Art'y, M. V., commissioned Sept. 6, 1864. Exp. June 16, 1865. Residence, Boston, Mass. *Newell B. Allen. Private 1st Batt. L. A., M. V. M., May 18, 1861. Exp. Aug. 2, 1861. Li 8th Batt. L. A., M. V. M., May 30, 1862. Exp. Nov. 29, 1862. Received honorable mention at battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862 [Sp. O. No. 8, Brig.-Gen. Cox, com- manding 9th Army Corps.] Private Co. I [New Batt.], 1st Mass. Cav. M. Dec. 5, 1863, age 25 [Chelsea]. 2d Lieut. Dec. 16, 1863. 1st Lieut, and Regtl. Q. M. Nov. 13, 1864. Exp. Jan. 2,1865. ^ John W. Martin. Private. Sergt. and 1st Sergt. Co. H. M. Sept. 25, 1861, age 26 [Lawrence]. Reenlisted Jan. 5, 1864. 2d Lieut. Feb. 16, 1864. 1st Lieut. Nov. 13, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Leg fractured by fall of horse at Poolesville, Md. Residence, Dixon, 111. 328 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Benjamin G. Mann. Com. Sergt. Co. B. M. Sept. 12, 1861, age 26 [Charlestown]. Regtl. Com. Sergt. 1st Lieut, and Regtl. Com. Sub. Nov. 13, 18G4. Exj). June 26, 1865, Bvt. Capt. Prisoner Oct. 24, 1863, near Bealton Sta., escaped Oct. 28. Residence, . John W. Howland. Private Co. C. M. Sept. 17, 1861, age 26 [Amherst]. Sergt. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 2d Lieut. Jan. 16, 1864. 1st Lieut. Nov. 13, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as Bvt. Capt. " for gallant and meritorious conduct, to date from April 9, 1865." On detached ser. with Co. C and D, Gen. Meade's hdqrs. Residence, Amherst, Mass. *WiLLiAM FoY Smith. Private Co. I [New Batt.]. M. Dec. 5, 1863, age 22 [Boston]. Corp. Acting 1st Sergt. Acting Sergt.-Maj. [New Batt.]. 2d Lieut. Jan. 16, 1864. 1st Lieut. Nov. 13, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Wounded through right lung, and prisoner May 11, 1864, Ashland, Va. George W. Martin. Sergt. Co. H. M. Oct. 9, 1861, age 22 [Manchester]. Sergt. of Pioneers. Reen- listed Dec. 29, 1863. 2d Lieut. Nov. 13, 1864. 1st Lieut. May 26, 1865 (not M.). Resigned June 5, 1865. Residence, Oakland, Cal. George W. Flagg. Corp., Sergt. and 1st Sergt. Co. E. M. Sept. 18, 1861, age 20 [Conway]. Re- enlisted Dec. 29, 1863. 2d Lieut. Nov. 13, 1864. Acting Adj. Jan., 1865. 1st Lieut. May 26, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Chicopee, Mass. Timothy P. Lyman. Private, Corp., and Sergt. Co. E. M. Oct. 5, 1861, age 27 [Goshen]. Reenlisted Feb. 19, 1864. 2d Lieut. Sept. 3, 1864. 1st Lieut. May 26, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. Prisoner June 17, 1863, Aldie; in Libby and Belle Isle, 39 days. Paroled July 26, 1863. On detached ser. as Sergt. of Pro. Guard, Oct. 10, 1863, to Feb. 10, 1864, Washington. Residence, Goshen, Mass. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. George F. Jennings. Private Co. A, Light Dragoons, M. V. M. 2d Lieut. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Dec. 19, 1861, age 30 [Boston]. Resigned, Mar. 25, 1862. Residence, . Louis Cabot. Grad. Harvard, 1858. 2d Lieut. M. Dec. 26, 1861, age 25 [Brookline]. 1st Lieut. 2d Mass. Cav. Jan 15, 1863. Capt. May 12, 1863. Maj. 4th Mass. Cav. Feb. 25, 1864. Resigned Jan. 17, 1865. Residence, Brookline, Mass. *Horace M. Butler. Sergt. Co. E. M. Oct. 9, 1861, age 34 [Springfield]. Regtl. Q. M. Sergt. 2d Lieut, and Batt. Q. M. Mar. 26, 1862. Dismissed Dec. 28, 1863. CORPL. WILLIAM B. BUCHANAN JEREMIAH T. DALY ALVAN BARRUS SERGT. THOMAS PRESTON SER6T. WILLIAM TOBEY ANDREW J. DUNHAM tOWARD FAHEY B. COMPANY, ROSTER. 329 William Coupe. 1st Sergt. Co. D. M. Sept. 17, 1861, age 27 [Pawtucket, R. I.]. 2d Lieut. Mar. 27, 1862. Resigned, Dec. 13, 1862. Prisoner Sept. 4, 1862, Monocacy, Md. Residence, South Attleboro, Mass. Frank AV. Hayden. Sergt. Co. E. M. Oct. 23, 1861, age 26 [So. Reading]. 2d Lieut. Sept. 14, 1862.° Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Prisoner Mar. 17, 1863, near Bealton. Asst. Pro. Mar., Washington, D. C, from Oct., 1863, to Mar., 1864. Transf. 2d Lieut. 1st Batt. Frontier Cav. M. V. (26th N. Y. Cav.) May 28, 1864. 1st Lieut. Mar. 7, 1865. Exp. July 7, 1865. Residence, Wakefield, Mass. Benjamin T. O. Snow. Q. M. Sergt. Co. A. M. Sept. 17, 1861, age 30 [Boston]. Regtl. Q. M. Sergt., May 26, 1862. 2d Lieut. Feb. 1, 1863. Disch. for dis. Feb. 15, 1864. Residence, . Patrick T. Jackson, Jr. Harvard, 1865. Left before graduating to serve in war. 2d Lieut. M. Apr. 16, 1863, age 18 [Boston]. Acting Adjt. and mustering officer winter of 1863-64. 1st Lieut. 5th Mass. Cav. Mar. 14, 1864. Discharged Dec. 1, 1865. Residence, Boston, Mass. *WiLLiAM Chase. Private Co. L. M. Sept. 25, 1861, age 26 [Haverhill]. 2d Lieut. May 12, 1863. Transf. to 4th Mass. Cav. Resigned, Feb. 9, 1864. *Charles O. Phillips. Sergt. Co. E. M. Sept. 18, 1861, age 23 [Deerfield]. 2d Lieut. May 13, 1863. 1st Lieut. 4th Mass. Cav., Aug. 5, 1863. Exp. May 7, 1865. Francis O. Lombard. Sergt. Co. F. M. Sept. 14, 1861, age 26 [Springfield]. 2d Lieut. May 30, 1863. Killed (before M.) Nov. 27, 1863, New Hope Church, " while heroically endeav- oring to bear away a wounded soldier in his arms." Hugh Carey. Warrant officer in U. S. Navy before the war. Sergt. and 1st Sergt. Co. B. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Sept. 12, 1861, age 30 [Boston]. 2d Lieut. May 30, 1863. Killed (before M.) June 17, 1863, Aldie, " while fight- ing bravely and refusing to surrender." Charles W. Dyer. Private and Sergt. Co. G. M. Oct. 6, 1861, age 19 [Boston]. 2d Lieut. Jan. 20, 1864. Exp. Sept. 3, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. Henry F. Reed. Sergt. Co. D. M. Sept. 17, 1861, age 43 [Medford]. Pioneer Sergt. Reen- listed Jan. 1, 1864. 1st. Sergt. 2d Lieut. Jan. 2, 1864. Refused commission. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Medford, Mass. 330 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Duett C. Clark. Private Co. F. M. Sept. 14, 1861, age 23 [Westfield]. Sergt. 1st Sergt. 2d Lieut. Feb. 16, 1864 (not M.). Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Severely wounded in right arm (gunshot), Oct. 17, 1863, Auburn. Reenlisted Dec. 18, 1864, in Frontier Cav. Co. transf. to 3d Mass. Cav. 2d Lieut. Feb. 8, 1865. Capt. Oct. 5, 1865. (not M.) Exp. Sept. 28, 1865. Residence, East Hartford, Conn. Cornelius Kaler. Private, Co. D. 5th M. V. I., Apr. 19, 1861. Exp. July 31, 1861. Private Co. D. 1st Mass. Cav. M. Sept. 23, 1861, age 21 [Haverhill]. Corp. Apr. 1, 1862. Sergt. Dec. 3, 1863. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 2d Lieut. Mar. 1, 1864 (declined commission). Wounded and pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie, escaped. Pris. Oct. 17, 1863, Auburn, escaped. 1st Lieut. 5th Mass. Cav., Mar. 8, 1864. Capt. April 30, 1864. Exp. Oct. 31, 1865. Residence, Kennebunk, Me. *Charles PL Stevens. Sergt. Co. B. M. Sept. 17, 1861, aged 27 [Melrose]. Transf. to Co. G. 1st Sergt. 2d Lieut. Jan. 2, 1864 (not M.). Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Wounded in hands, July 28, 1864, New Market, Va. Daniel D. Hews. Sergt. Co. A. M. Sept. 14, 1861, age 23 [Boston]. Reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. 2d Lieut. Nov. 13, 1864. Resigned May 20, 1865. Residence, Maplewood, Mass. George Howe [Louis Black]. 1st Sergt. Co. M. [New Batt.]. M. Jan. 14, 1864, aged 22 [Springfield]. 2d Lieut. Nov. 13, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . George B. Davis. Q. M. Sergt. Co. I. [New Batt.]. M. Dec. 5, 1863, age 18 [Springfield]. RegtI. Q. M. Sergt. Nov. 1, 1864. 2d Lieut. May 16, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . James O. Josselyn. Private Co. C. M. Aug. 15, 1862, age 31 [Roxbury]. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Regtl. Com. Sergt. Nov. 1, 1864. 2d Lieut. May 26, 1865 (not M.). Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Boston Highlands, Mass. Edward B. Bingay. Private Co. G. M. Sept. 25, 1861, age 24 [Boston]. Reenlisted Feb. 1, 1864. Sergt. Co. F. 2d Lieut. May 26, 1865 (not M.). Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . ADJUTANTS. G. W. Batchelder, H. D. Littlefield (Acting), Nathaniel Bowditch, C. A. Longfellow (Acting), H. Pelliam Curtis, P. T. Jackson, Jr. (Acting), William W. Wardell, George W. Flagg (Acting). George L. Bradbury, ROSTER. 331 REGIMENTAL QUARTERMASTERS. Lieut. Lucius W. Knight, Lieut. Newell B. Allen. REGIMENTAL COMMISSARIES OF SUBSISTENCE. Lieut. John L. Brigham, Lieut. Benjamin G. Mann. BATTALION QUARTERMASTERS. Lieut. Lucius W. Knight, Lieut. E. A. Brackett, Lieut. M. R. Bowen, Lieut. Horace M. Butler. REGIMENTAL NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Name. Sergt. Majors. Albert F. Ray. Edward P. Light. John A. Goodwin. Daniel B. Sawyer. William W. Wardell. George L. Bradbury. Charles D. Browninar. Regtl. Q. M. Sergts. Horace M. Butler. Horatio Wood. William M. Rumery. George B. Muzzey. Benjamin T. O. Snow. Edward H. Adams. Josiah N. Brackett. George B. Davis. Vashni H. Pease. Regtl. Com. Sergts. John L. Brigham. Frank Miles. D. D. B. A. C. D. M(new). E K (old). C. I (old). A. A. A. I (new). F. M (old). M(old). Termination of ser. and cause. 2d Lieut. June 28, '62. Died of wds. June '64. 2d Lieut. Dec. 4, '62. Reduced to ranks. 2d Lieut. Jan. 16, '63. 2d Lieut. Oct. 28, '64. June 26, '65, Exp. 2d Lieut. Mar. 26, '62. "D. fordis., July2, '62." 2d Lieut. 2d Cav. Dec. 18, '62. Disch. Nov. 16, '62 (G. O. W. D. Dec. 10, '62). 2d Lieut. Feb. 1, '63. 1st Lieut. 5th Mass. Cav. Mar. 8, '64. Nov. 24, '64. 2d Lieut. May 16, '65. June 26, '65, Exp. 1st Lieut. Mar. 7, '62. Died Oct. 10, '62, Hilton Head. Residence. Haverhill, Mass. Died Nov. 20, '64. Killed May 28, '64. Indianapolis, Ind. Providence, R. I. Dead. Died June 23, '62. Dead. Dead. Boston, Mass. Sixteen Acres, Mass. Dead. 332 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Name. Co. Termination of ser. and cause. Residence. Benjamin G. Mann. William 0. Lincoln. James 0. Josselyn. B. A. C. 1st Lieut. Nov. 13, '64. Nov. 19, '62, G. O. W. D. No. 126. 2d Lieut. May 26, '65 (not M.). Boston, Mass. Boston Highlands, Mass. Hospital Stewards. Curtis E. Munn. Jeremiah Leavitt. Henry B. Bates. Jean O'Hara. George H. Ruggles. H. I (old). A. K (new). D. Asst. Surg. 27th Inf. July 5, '63. June 26, '65, Exp. Nov. 7, '64, Exp. Disch. July 18, '65, 0. W, D. Disch. for dis. Jan. 21, '64. Died, 1879. New York City. Jericho, Mo. Chief Buglers, William H. Fessenden. Timothy J. Powell. Edward B. Prevear. Murray V. Livingston. L (old). E. A. D. Disch.fordis.Apr.22,'63. June 26, '65, Exp. Oct. 24, '64, Exp. June 29, '65. Exp. Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. Saddler Sergts. Edward H. Adams. Alexander M.McGregor. A. F. Regtl. Q. M. Sergt. Sept. 2, '63. June 26, '65. Exp. Dead. Salem, Mass. Sergt. Farriers. Benjamin W. Norris. Disch. for dis. Jan. 5, '64. Pioneer Sergts. Henry F. Reed. George W. Martin. Albert A. Sherman. D. H. G. Medford, Mass. Oakland, Cal. Lexington, Mass. WILLIAM H. LEGG LUCIUS B. ANGIER ALFRED H. KEAY r.RV C. DAVIS GEO. H, WHITNEY C COMPANY ROSTER. 333 The following shows the officers and non-commissioned officers of the diiferent com- panies. Muster-roll of December, 1861 : — COMPANY A. Rank. Name. Rauk. Name. Capt. Henry L. Higginson. Corp. Bradley H. Williams. 1st Lieut. Edward R. Merrill. Corp. Joseph W. Richardson. 2d Lieut. Horace N. Weld. Corp. John H. Burgess. Sergt. Daniel B. Sawyer. Corp. William M. Craig. Sergt. Gustave Evers. Corp. George PL Cavanaugh. Sergt. Josiali N. Brackett. Corp. Daniel D. Hews. Sergt. Augustus R. May. Bugler. James A. Baldwin. Sergt. George Nichols. Bugler. Edw. B. Prevear. Sergt. Theodore L. Brackett. Farrier. Abel Jones. Corp. Joseph S. Minot. Farrier. Enos Daily. Corp. George J. Coolidge. COMPANY B. Rank. Name. Rank. Name. Capt. Samuel E. Chamberlain. Corp. Maurice F. Quinn. 1st Lieut. Moses Webster. Corp. Joseph S. Griffiths. 'id Lieut. Charles V. Holt. Corp. James Hart. 1st Sergt. Charles H. Wise. Corp. William Tobey. Sergt. Benjamin G. Mann. Corp. Thomas Preston. Sergt. Henry S. Gillman. Bugler. William D. Gourlay. Sergt. Edw. J. Russell. Bugler. James T. Carr. Sergt. George M. Fillebrown. Farrier. George Hartness. Corp. Alonzo Pierce. Farrier. George W. Bragg. Corp. William M. Martin. Saddler. Gustave Wancke. COMPANY C. Rank. Name. Rank. Name. Capt. Oriu R. Shaw. Corp. George H. Hilliard. 1st Lieut. Walter Miles. Corp. John A. Glines. 1st Sergt. Charles G. Davis. Corp. Samuel W. Harris. Sergt. William M. Rumery. Corp. John Drew. Sergt. William W. Warden. Corp. Charles C. Quimby. Sergt. Samuel Wright. Musician. Joseph F. Ennis. Sergt. Josiah B. Snow. Musician. William H. H. Foster. Sergt. William A. Golliff. Bl'ksmith. Benjamin F. Lane. Corp. George A. Ayling. Saddler. William 0. Russell. Corp. Alfred P. Jones. Wagoner. Ira B. Kuowlton. Corp. Samuel D. Gale. 334 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. COMPANY D. Rank. Name. Rank. Name. Capt. 2d Lieut. Atlierton H. Stevens, Jr. Corp. William H. Hatch. George F. Jennings. Corp. Henry F. Reed. 1st Serg-t. William Coupe. Corp. George H. Salisbury. Sergt. Albert F. Ray. Corp. James Hamilton. Sergrt. Charles Bowen. Corp. Charles F. Th\irston. Sergt. George H. Teague. Corp. David W. Her rick. Sergt. Sergt. llobert Pierce. Corp. Edw. 0. Towne. Eli A. Smith. Corp. George D. Odell. COMPANY E. Rank. Name. Rank. Name. Capt. Caspar Crowninshield. Corp. Alfred Clough. Lieut. Myron C. Pratt. Corp. James M. Coomes. 1st Serfjt. Alton E. Phillips. Corp. John B. Greer. Sergt. George W. Abbott. Corp. Hollis C. Pinkham. Sergt. Horace M. Butler. Corp. Charles H. Putnam. Sergt. Frank W. Hayden. Corp. James Stuart. Sergt. Gilbert L. Mixter. Corp. Solon W alton. Sergt. Charles 0. Pliillips. • COMPANY F. Rank. Name. Rank. Name. Acting Capt. David B. Keith. Corp. Bernard Newell. 2d Lieut. Arnold A. Rand. Corp. Cy R. Prescott. 1st Sergt. Daniel H. L. Gleason. Corp. George E. Woodbury. Sergt. Vaslmi H. Pease. Corp. John D. Rouse. Sergt. Duett C. Clark. Corp. Louis S. Allen. Sergt. Francis O. Lombard. Bugler. John G. Hanson. Sergt. Edwin 0. Hyde. Bugler. Frank J. Weston. Sergt. Joseph Nevins. BOSTEB. 335 COMPANY G. Rank. Name. Capt. David B. Keith. 1st Lieut. Charles E. Rice. 2cl Lieut. Henry P. Bowditch. Sergt. AVilliam H. Guild. Sergt. Charles A. Keith. Sergt. John B. Coombs. Sergt. Thomas Martin. Sergt. James E. Mulligan. Corj). Levi W. Haves. Corp. Josiah W. Ball. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Musician. Musician. Farrier. Name. John Hurley. Albert Peeler. Orriu W. Harris. Calvin Rice. Michael H. Glass. Sherman Lynde. William H^ Rice. Samuel N. Davenport. William M. Burns. COMPANY H. Rank. Capt. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. 1st Serirt. Sergt. Sergt. Serg't. Sergt. Sefgt. Corp. Name. Lucius M. Sargent. Charles F. Adams, Jr. Henry T. Davis. Charles M. Ainsley. Daniel W. Ladd. Oliver H. Clark. Benjamin C. Pray. JohnM. Barnard. William Goss. Edw. L. Wilkins. Rank. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp, Corp. Corp. Corp. Musician. Musician. Artificer. Name. George W. Martin. John W. Martin. Lewis Hatch. Edw. Kelly. Stillman R. Durrell. John N. Craigue. Thomas Taylor. Joseph Atkins. Alfred M. Thorp. Edw. W. Hilton. COMPANY I. Rank. Capt. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. 1st Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Corp. Corp. Name. Lucius Richmond. Freeman H. Shiverick. Nathan Merchant. Robert S. Capin. George W. Leach. George N. Holmes. William S. Huntington. John H. Leonard. Francis S. Richardson. Benjamin Knight, Jr. Matthew W. Lmcoln. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Bugler. Bugler. Farrier. Farrier. Name. Charles M. Packard. Rnfus H. Willis. John H. Walker. Joseph E. Cole. Joseph T. Stevens. Francis O. Harlow. Henry T. Daggett. John D. Darling. Alfred Worthington. Ai J. Bailey. 336 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. COMPANY K. Rank. Name. Bank. Kame. Capt. James H. Case. Corp. WUliam W. Phinney. Lieut. Rufus D. Hills. Corp. Joseph R. Rieketson. Lieut. Lucius H. Morrill, Corp. Cyrus A. Richmond. Sergt. Albert Ih Tirrell. Corp. Reuben L. Baker. Sergt. Preserved Buuock. Corp. Horace E. Dupee. Sergt. William T. Soule. Corp. Edmund Crockett. Sergt. Henry B. Tinkham. Corp. Chester D, Pratt, 2d. Sergt. John M. Whitcomb. Corp. Charles G. Baker. Sergt. Allen F. Belcher. COMPANY L. Rank. Name. Rank. Name. Capt. William Gibbs. Corp. Edgar W. Goodnow. 1st. Lieut. Greenleaf W. Batchelder. Corp. Alfred M. Sargent. Sergt. William R. Hoyt. Corp. Thomas Kief. Sergt. Niles G. Parker. Corp. Charles C. Atwood. Sergt. Silas S. Holmes. Corp. Ephraim C. Wetherbee. Sergt. Joseph W. Collins. Corp. Varnum E. Holmes. Sergt. John A. Caldwell. Bugler. George Spaulding. Sergt. William R. Peck. Bugler. Charles C. Cobleigh. Corp. William Chase. Saddler. William H. H. Wall. Corp. Edw. P. McCoy. Wagoner. Peter Gilson. COMPANY M. Rank. Name. Rank. Name. Capt. Marcus A. Moore. Corp. Robert Glenn. 2d Lieut. John G. Thayer. Corp. John E. Oilman. 1st Sergt. Owen A. Baxter. Corp. George E. Johnson. Q. M. Sergt. Charles D. Kendall. Corp. George D. Lawler. Sergt. Clotaire S. Gay. Corp. John E. Sylvester. Sergt. Thomas Miles. Corp. Horace G. Whitcomb. Sergt. Jonas L. Parks. Bugler. Samuel S. Gibson. Sergt. Henry W. Riddell. Farrier. Henry E. Hamilton. Corp. Andrew Clement, Jr. Farrier. Herman Mills. Corp. Erastus Dennett. Saddler. William H. Kaulbach. Xi Q. M. SERGT. SAViUEL D. GALE SERGT. ALVAH H. D. HOBBS C. COMPANY. ROSTER. 337 The following shows non-commissioned officers of the different companies Cnew battalion). Muster roll of February, 1864. COMPANY I. Rank. Name. Rank. Name. 1st Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Joshua E. Lazell. George B. Davis. Clark D. Blood. John Greenleaf. Charles A. Davis. Preston D. Alden. Joseph B. Swift. Robert J. Warren. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Musician. Musician. Henry M. Goddard. William T. Hatch. Timothy Regan. Timothy Pelton. Charles H. Jones. Henry C. Bruce. Lawrence Clements. Joseph 0. Merrill. COMPANY K. Rank. Name. Rank. Name. 1st. Sergt. Q. M. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Corp. William Mulliken. Charles H. Morgan. William H. Bates. George E. Hagar. William Lucas. JeanO'Hara. Cornelius D. Sullivan. Edmund C. Chapin. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. George C. Jeffrey. Samuel Kennedy. John T. Hills. Theodore Schuyler. Henry Magee. Henry \^'alke^. Charles H. Greely. COMPANY L. Rank. Name. Rank. Name. 1st Sergt. Q. M. Sergt. Com. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Corp. Harry D. Littlefield. Horace W. Otis. Charles W. Sturtevant. William Kavanaugh. Edwin W. Brown. Milo C. Priest. James Gillon. James T. McCracken. Lyman E. Field. John Fagan. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Bugler. Bugler. Farrier. Saddler. John B. Fields. William A. James. John G. Wilson. George Green. Edwin B. Daniells. John JMorgan. George W. Coots. James T. Walsh. Jeremiah Benson. Frank Fricke. 338 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. COMPANY M. Rank. 1st Sergt. Q. M. Sergt. Com. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Sergt. Corp. Corp. Charles D. Browning. James A. Ellis. Lewis E. Prince. John B. Fisher. George Howe. William McFarland. William H. McKinney. Stephen B. Stevens. John B. FuUerton. James Follet. Rauk. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Corp. Farrier. Farrier. Saddler. Bugler. Edmund H. Gooding John W. Kileup. Charles B. Preston. Edward P. Pierce. Lorenzo Stoddard. Charles McAvoy. John Jesser. Horace W. Brown, Jeremiah Hurley. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. COMPANY A. *CooLiDGE, George J. 1st Sergt. Age 44. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Corp., Sergt., and 1st Sergt. iu 1862. Reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co.'b. ^ , Walsh, Richard R. 1st Sergt. Age 19. Boston. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Bugler, 1863. Corp. and Q. M. Sergt. 1864. On detached ser., Gen. Gregg's div. lidqrs. as Orderly. Reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. In most eng. of regt. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. (Age at M. 15 yrs, 7 mos.). Residence, 13oston, Mass. Sawyer, Daniel B. 1st Sergt. Age 30. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Acting Sergt.-Maj. July 27, 1862. (Reduced to ranks.) Reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Died Nov. 20, 1864, knight Gen. Hosp. In 1st L. Battery, M. V. M., May to Aug., 1861. **Baldwin, James A. Q. M. Sergt. Blieler, Charles. Q. M. Sergt. Age 19. Boston. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Reen- listed Feb. 23, 1864. Corp. Mar. 6, 1864. Sergt. July 1, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. as Q. M. Sergt. Residence, Boston, Mass. Brackett, Josiah N. Q. M. Sergt. Age 29. Charlestown. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Regtl. Q. M. Sergt. Apr. 15, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. »Leary, Michael A. Q. M. Sergt. Age 35. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Corp. and Sergt. Exp. Sept. 9, 1864. Smith, Elihu B. Q. M. Sergt. Age 21. Lancaster, N. H. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Corp. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Hot Springs, Ark. **Snow, Benjamin T. O. Q. M. Sergt. Age 30. Boston. Read, Charles A. Q. M. Sergt. Age 22. Boston. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Wounded (leg amputated) Sept. 13, 1863, Culpeper C. H. Disch. for dis. Apr. 15, 1864. RiBSlClGllCG ■• *EvERS, Gust'ave. Com. Sergt. Age 36. Brighton. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Corp. Wounded and pris. Sept. 5, 1862, Poolesville. Disch. for dis. Dec. 28, 1862. Af- terward Regtl. Sutler. Lincoln, William O. Com. Sergt. Age — . Boston. M. Dec. 24, 1861. Regtl. Cora. Sergt. Apr. 10, 1862. With Co. at Annapolis and Hilton Head, where he was sick in hosp. June, 1862. In hosp. Beaufort, July, 1862. Eng. Antietam, Sharps- burg. Exp. Nov. 19, 1862. G. O. W. D. No. 126. Residence, Hingham, Mass. *Smith, Dana. Com. Sergt. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 16, 1861. Exp. Sept. 6, 1864. Cavanaugh, George H. Sergt. Age 22. Boston. M. Oct. 8, 1861. Slightly wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie, and Aug. 29, 1864, Opequan Creek. Transferred to 6th N. Y. Horse Battery Nov. 1, 1863, as Cannoneer. In all eng. of regt. to June 3, 1864, when transferred to Horse Battery D., 2d Regulars. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Mattapaii, Mass. 340 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. **Hews, Daniel D. Sergt. HuRLK, TiMO iHY. Sergt. Age 33. Roxbury. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Wounded and piis. June 17, 1863, Aldic. Wounded in foot Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store. Wounded, 1864, Malvern Hill. Reenlisted Feb. 23, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . LiNSCOTT, John F. Sergt. Age 25. Cbieopee. M. Aug. 14, 1862. Corp. Wounded in left foot June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Denver, Col. MiNOT, Joseph S. Sergt. Age 24. Boston. . M. Sept. 14, 1861. Discb. for dis. Apr. 1, 1863. Residence, . Nichols, George. Sergt. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Injured Sept., 1862. Sergt. Dec. 11, 1862. Wounded and pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Discb. for dis. Dec. 17, 1863. Residence, . Schwarz, Charles C. Sergt. Age 21. Cambridge. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Sergt. Nov. 20, 1862. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. **Tewksbury, John. Sergt. *Wheland, John T. Sergt. Age 32. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Corp. Re- enlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. *WiLLiAMS, Bradley H. Sergt. Age 22. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Corp. Discb. for dis. Dec. 27, 1862. *Chase, Samuel A. Corp. Age 28. Boston. M. Aug. 2, 1862. Discb. for dis. Aug. 20, 1863. Dow, George W. Corp. Age 31. Boston. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. Harrington, Warren. Corp. Age 21. Boston. M. Feb. 24, 1862. Trans- ferred to Co. H, and prom. 1st Sergt. Sept., 1862. Honneuse, Frederick. Corp. Age 19. Roxbury. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Feb. 23, 1864. Wounded by Prov. Mar., Marcb, 1864, Boston. Died Mar. 11, 1864, Mass. Gen. Hosp. *McElroy, Hugh. Corp. Age 24. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Pris June 17, 1863, Aldie. Wounded in neck, minie-ball, Oct. 14, 1863, Auburn. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. ^. , Moore, Charles R. Corp. Age 21. Hartland, Me. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Died Sept. 8, 1862, Wasbington, D. C, in Douglass Hosp. Kerr, William R. Corp. Age 24. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Iv6siu.GDCG, . Richards, Ashley H. Corp. Age 21. Dalton. M. Jan. 4, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. AAiGsiclcncG ' "• *Roberts, James. Corp. Age 22. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Severely wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. *Shroeder, August. Corp. Age 25. Cbarlestown. M. Feb. 26, 1862. Sligbtly wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Shepard, Richard S. Corp. Age 25. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Transferred to Navy. Residence, . Prevear, Edward B. Bugler. Age 18. Leominster. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864, as Regtl. Bugler. Residence, Boston, Mass. *Rappoles, Joseph. Wag. Ace 19. Roxbury. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 341 Smith, Andrew J. Wag. Age 25. Cambridge. M. Sept. 13, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Cambridge, Mass. Butters, Willard, Jr. Far. Age 27. Medford. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp Oct. 24, 1864. ^ Residence, . Jones, Abel. Far. Age 39. Medford. M. Sept. 12, 1861. On detached ser. as Sergt., Far., and Blacksmith June 18, 1863, with Gen. Kilpatrick. Slightly wounded in right hip (bayonet) and pris. July 5, 1863, Emmetsburg. In Belle Isle and Richmond prison eighty days ; paroled Sept. 20, 1863. In principal eno-. of Co. to exp., Oct. 24, 1864. r r & Residence, Cambridge, Mass. *Adams, Edward Henry. Sad. Age 21. Boston. M. Dec. 24, 1862. Sad. Sergt. Jan. 3, 1863. Regtl. Q. M. Sergt. Sept. 2, 1863. 1st Lieut, in 5th Mass. Cav. Mar. 8, 1864. Exp. Oct. 31, 1865. Callahan, Michael. Sad. Age 22. Lawrence. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Exp. Sept. 9, 1864. ^ ^ Residence, Haverhill, Mass. McDevitt, Thomas F. B. Sad. Age 21. Boston. M. Aug. 13, 1862. Slightly wounded in left hip and foot June 17, 1863, Aldie. In all eng. of Co. to July, 1863. Disch. for dis. (caused by wounds) Feb. 17, 1864. Residence, Portland, Ore. Allen, William. Age 21. SpringHeld. M. Aug. 15, 1862. Died Dec. 28, 1862, Potomac Creek, Va. Amman, Andrew. Age — . Roxbury. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Severely wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Died June 18, 1863. Armitage, George. Age 32. Leicester. M.July 31, 1862. On detached ser. at 3d corps hdqrs. 1863. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . Austin, Xahum. Age 24. Boston. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Knee crushed by horse, and pris. Sept. 5, 1862, Poolesville. Paroled on field. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. *Bailey, Otis, Jr. Age 22. Charlestown. M. Aug. 7, 1862. Termination of ser. by O. W. D. Dec. 7, 1863. Baker, John. Age 22. Boston. M. Oct. 27, 1863. Furloughed from Campbell Gen. Hosp., Washington, May 17, 1864. Deserted Sept. 28, 1864. Residence, . *Baker, William. Age 26. Newton. M. Nov. 23, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864 Baldwin, George W. Age 21. Abington. M. Aug. 9, 1862. " Sent to hosp. ^ov. 22, 1862. Ordered to return to duty Jan. 29, 1863 ; failed to rejoin his command and became a ' deserter ' from that date." Residence, . ^^TJJ, Henry B. Age 21. Chicopee. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Hosp. steward. Exp. Residence, New York, N. Y. ^^,'^^o^?r,'.'^'^'\? ^^- Age 23. Cambridge. M. Sept. 19, 186L Pris. Jmie 17, • 1863, Aldie. Paroled July 23, 1863. Deserted Oct., 1863. Residence, . Bertrand Louis. Age 21. Boston. M. Aug. 18, 1862. Died Jan. 13, 1863. Bonner John. Age 20. Methuen. M. June 23, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Brannon, Peter. Age 30. Boston. M. Dec. 24, 1861. Transferred to V. R. C. Jan. 4, 1864. Residence, . Brannon, Peter. Age 33. Chelsea. M. Dec. 3, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, . 342 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Brackett, Theodore L. Age 30. Newton. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Pris. of war. Paroled [July 21-Aug. 13], 1863. Accidentally shot while on picket. Died from wounds Dec. 26, 1863, Warrenton, Va. Brown, Charles E. Age 21. Taunton. M. Sept. 26, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Brown, Thomas M. Age 19. Methuen. M. June 23, 1864. Died Feb. 19, 1865, on fui'lough from Co. B. Brooks, Joel H. Age 37. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Deserted Feb., 1863, Annapolis. Residence, . Burgess, John H. Age 22. Boston. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. BuTTRiCK, Abiel H. Age 35. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. Calder, William. Age 28. Springfield. M. Feb. 17, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Caldwell, George H. Age 21. Gloucester. M. Nov. 28, 1863. No record of discharge in Washington Sept. 23, 1867. Residence, . Cameron, Horatio. Age 35. Plymouth. M. Jan. 24, 1862. Acting Corp. Sept., 1862. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, So. Boston, Mass. Campbell, William. Age 30. Cambridge. M. Feb. 16, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Caverly, Stephen H. Age 23. Boston. M. Mar. 14, 1864. Pris. May 9, 1864, near Beaver Dam Station. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Chapman, Dutee G. Age 23. Preston, Conn. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Deserted Nov. 17, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Chamberlain, Warren R. Age 27. W. Roxbury. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Deserted Dec. 11, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Coleman, Leonard M. Age 23. Newburyport. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Died Mar. 5, 1864, Belle Isle. Coleman, William A. Age — . Milford. M. Oct. 4, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Comfry, James. Age 29. Boston. M. July 31, 1862. Acting Wag. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . Conway, Michael. Age 23. Brighton. M. Dee. 18, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Connor, William. Age 22. Worcester. M. Jan. 5, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Cook, William P. Age 18. Dorchester. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Ex-j). Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. Cooper, James R. Age 41. Roxbury. M. Oct. 24, 1863. Disch. for dis. Aug. 17, 1864. Residence, STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 343 Corcoran, James. Age 30. Boston. M. Nov. 14, 1863. Wounded in head Aug. 18, 18G4, Malvern Hill. Transferred to V. R. C. Residence, . CoxwAnv, James. Age 21. Springfield. M. Sept. 24, 1864. Deserted to the enemy, off picket, Nov. 24, 1864, near Petersburg. Residence, . Craig, William M. Age 29. Charlestown. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24. 1864. I- ' i^ , Residence, Kinsley, Kan. Daily, Enos. Age 24. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Deserted Sept. 20, 1862, Rockville, Md. F » , Residence, . Daniels, Milton F. Age 35. Springfield. M. Aug. 15, 1862. Killed June 17 1863, Aldie. Doherty, Michael. Age 35. Lowell. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Prisoner Sept. 4, 1862, Monocacy, Md. Reported at Camp Parole Oct. 13, 1862. Deserted Feb 1863. Residence, . Donovan, Alexander O. Age 25. Winthrop. M. Dec. 18, 1863. Transferred to Co. B. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . DoRAN, John C. Age 22. Granby. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Holyoke, Mass. Doylk, Michael. Age 21. Boston. M. Mar. 22, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Emery, George E. Age 21. Roxbury. M. Feb. 18, 1864. Exp. July 25, 1865. Residence, W. Swanzey, N. H. *Farmer, William. Age 25. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. for dis Nov 28, 1862. Felton, Cyrus W. Age 41. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Mar. •16, 1862. Residence, . FiTCHTER, Frederick. Age — . . M. Oct. 14, 1861. Pris. Sept. 5, 1862, PoolesviUe. _ Reported at Camp Parole Oct. 13, 1862. Sent to regiment, Nov., 1862. Having failed to rejoin Co. was reported " deserter." Residence, . Finan, John. Age 35. Ashburnham. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis Feb 28, 1863. b. xeu. Residence, . Finger, Chestop. Age 37. Roxbury. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Pris. Sept. 5, 1862, Poolesville. Deserted from Camp Parole, Annapolis, Dec, 1862. Residence, . Foran, James. Age 33. Boston. M. Feb. 26, 1862. Transferred from 9th M. \ .1. May, 1862, Hilton Hd. Deserted Sept. 27, 1862, Washington. Residence, . ° Fullmer, Joseph. Age 27. Roxbury. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Injured at Annapolis by falling tree. Disch. for dis. Feb. 4, 1862. Residence, . Gehrung, Gottlieb. Age 38. Roxbury. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . Gould, Daniel H. Age 19. Boston. M. Oct. 26, 1863. Pris. Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem PI. R. Died Nov. 29, 1864, Salisbury, N. C. ^^r^^^'/^^^^^ ^- ^^e 21. Lunenburg. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Transferred to V. R. C Residenccj Marblehead, Mass. 344 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Gray, Edward P. Age 21. Goshen. M. Aug. 18, 1862. Transferred to Co. E. 9th Regt. V. R. C, Sept. 13, 1863, by G. O. W. D. Ko. 312. Sergt. Jan., 1864. Detailed clerk lidqrs. military dist., Washington, D. C, Feb. 5, 1864. Clerk in War Dept. A. G. O., May, 1864. Exp. Nov., 1864. Residence, San Francisco, Cal. Gray, Henry. Age 28. Springfield. M. Mar. 31, 1864. Wounded in leg Dec. 9, 1864, between Bellefield and Hicksford. Exp. July 3, 1865. Residence, . Grayson, George H. (alias). Age 21. Boston. M. Apr. 5, 1862. [See Co. G.J. Green, Eliphalet. Age 28. Newburvport. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded and pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Newburyport, Mass. Green, James L. Age 19. Boston. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Deserted Dec. 2, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Grey, John. Age 43. Taunton. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. for dis. Mar. 16, 1862. Residence, . Hatcher, George. Age 28. Sheffield. M. Jan. 11, 1864. Deserted from hosp. Dec. 1, 1864. Residence, . Hawkins, James A. Age 18. Boston. M. Jan. 2, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Hess, John H. Age 27. Roxbury. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Eng. Poolesville, South Mountain, Antietam. Left in camp, Potomac Creek, sick. Transferred to 51st Co. 2d Batt, V. R. C. Residence, Maiden, Mass. Hills, Benjamin L. Age 35. Cambridge. M. Jan. 5, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, Southboro, Mass. Hodges, Alonzo L. Age 24. Boston. M. Apr. 4, 1862. Disch. for dis. July 15, 1862. Residence, . Howe, Edward K. Age 42. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 22, 1862. Residence, Hingham, Mass. Howe, John. Age 18. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 25, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Howes, Lorenzo L. Age 43. Adams. M. Jan. 2, 1864. Exp. June 9, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, North Adams, Mass. HuTTON, James. Age 34. Maiden. M. Nov. 7, 1863. Transferred from Co. B. to V. R. C. Feb. 22, 1864. Residence, . JucKETT, Daniel. Age 19. Boston. M. Sept. 27, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Exp. July 18, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Johnson, Charles A. Age 28. Lynn. M. Feb. 26, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Jones, Curtis W. Age 19. Medfield. M. Aug. 5, 1862. Died Dec. 26, 1862, Potomac Creek, Va. Kelly, John. Age 32. Boston. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Kimball, Horace W. Age 19. Southvvick. M. Sept. 21, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . CORPL. GEORGE KENDALL CORPL. AiJGiJSTUo SEVERANCE BUGLER JOSEPH H. ENNIS C. COMPANY. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 345 King, William A. Age — . Dedham. M. Dec. 24, 1861. Deserted Jan. 29, 1862, Annapolis. RjGsicIgdcc "* Le Moyne, Joel H. Age 19. Boston. M. Dec. 10, 1863. Exp. June 13, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, Salt Lake City, Utah. Le Moyne, Thomas. Age 29. Boston. M. Nov. 19, 1863. Wounded in leg July 28, 1864, Newmarket. Disch. for dis. in Co. B., Nov. 13, 1865. Residence, . Lynch, Michael. Age 22. Cambridgeport. M. Aug. 15, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Deserted Oct., 1863. Residence, . Lyons, Owen A. Age 22. Cbicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Reenlisted Feb. 24, 1864, Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, Cbicopee, Mass. *Maguire, Thomas. Age 18. Boston. M. Mar. 29, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Maguiness, William. Age 19. Springfield. M. Aug. 15, 1862. Exp. 1865. Residence, Oxford, Mass. Mahan, Francis S. Age 22. Boston. M. Aug. 5, 1862. Deserted Aug. 27, 1863, Alexandria, Va. Residence, . Ma HONEY, Dennis. Age 21. Southboro. M. Oct. 22, 1863. Wounded in leg July 28, 1864, Newmarket. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Mahoney, Dennis, 2d. Age 27. Worcester. M. Sept. 28, 1864. Lijured in leg Dec. 9, 1864, between Bellefield and Hicksford. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Mahoney, John. Age 37. Boston. M. Aug. 1, 1862. Reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Pris. Aug. 18, 1864, Malvern H. Died Nov. 20, 1864, Salisbury, N. C. Mahoney, Peter. Age 30. Boston. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Transferred to V. R. C. Residence, Cliarlestown, Mass. Mahoney, Thomas. Age 24. Boston. M. Aug. 12, 1862. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Mahoney, William. Age 18. Enfield. M. Aug. 4, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . Mathews, Thomas H. Age 36. Lowell. M. Aug. 6, 1864. Missing from Picket Post Oct. 14, 1864. Residence, . Mause, Fred. Age 22. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Dropped from rolls Dec, 1863. Deserted. Residence, . May, Augustus R. Age 42. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 27, 1862. Residence, . Maycock, Herbert. Age 21. Charlestown. M. Jan. 4, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, Amesbury, Mass. Maynard, Henry H. Age 33. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Co. Clerk. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . McCann, James. Age 39. Cbicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Transferred to V. R. C. Residence, . McCann, Jeremiah. Age 21. Lowell. M. Aug, 6, 1864. Wounded (finger am- putated) Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem PI. R. Disch. for dis. June 28, 1865. Residence, . 346 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. McCauthy, William. Age 35. Boston. M. Dec. 17, 18G4. Exp. June 2G, 1865, ill Co. 15. Resilience, . McCuLLocii, Charles. Age 18. Boston. M. Aug. 23, 18G2. Detailed ser. at 3d Corps hdqrs. Mar. to Aug., 1863. Exp. Oct. 24, 1861. Residence, Boston, Mass. *McDo\VKLL, Alexandek. Age 22. IloUiston. M. Aug. 16, 1862. Transferred to V. R. C. McFadden, Daniel. Age 22. Newton. M. Aug. 24, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, Beach Point, Prince Edwards I. *McInaw, Edwaud AV. T. Age 10. Roxbury. ]\I. Dec. 24, 1861. Detailed in Band Apr. to Sept., 1863. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. McNally, Francis. Age 20. Boston. M. Aug. 13, 1862. Wounded slightly June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reeulisted Jan. 4, 1864. Deserted Mar. 17, 1864, on furlough. Residence, . Morrison, William. Age 24. Roxbury. M. Nov. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 18(55, in Co. B. Residence, . Newman, Robert, Jr. Age 38. Boston. M. Nov. 7, 1863. Disch. for dis. July 14, 1864. Residence, . O'Brien, John. Age 40. Boston. M. Dec. 18, 1861. Disch. for dis. Mar. 16, 1862. Residence, . Oliver, William. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 14,1861. Transferred to V. R. C. Apr. 3, 1864. Residence, . Palmer, Philip. Age 20. Boston. M. Aug. 21, 1862. Wounded in right arm, June 9, 1863, Stevensburg. Deserted Aug. 27, 1863, Alexandria. Residence, . Palmer, William. Age 18. Boston. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. In Richmond. Paroled .Jidy 23, 1863, City I't. Reported at camp pa- role, Md., Aug. 3, 1863. Investigation (Feb., 1890) fails to elicit further infor- mation. Residence, . Parks, Joseph W. Age 21. Boston. M. Apr. 5, 1862. Deserted Sept. 30, 1862, Washington, D. C. Residence, . Patrick, Hugh. Age 21. Longnieadow. M. Dec. 30, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, . Patterson, .Iosiah D. Age 19. Boston. M. Aug. 7, 1862. Reenlisted Jan. 3, 18(51. Deserted Mar. 17, 1864. J:idisted in Co. B. Frontier Cav. (under name of David Patterson) Dec. 30, 1864. Exp. June 30, 1865. Residence, . Paul, Albert G. Age 21. Springfield. M. Aug. 18, 1862. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Pettihone, Ciiauncey. Age 21. Rockland, 111. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Detaded Ord. 3d Corps hdqrs. Mar. to Aug., 18(53, under (icn. Whipple. Ord. and Clerk to A. (i. M. 2d Cav. Div. Practically in eng. of Co. to exp., Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Polo, 111. Phillips, Alexander. Age 21. Rehoboth. M. Aug. 29, 1864. Exp. June 26, 18(>.~>, in Co. B. Residence, . Poor, dosiiuA M. Age 21. Lynn. ISI. Aug. 6, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Killed July 28, 1864, New Market. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 347 Powell, James. Age 19. Boston. M. Mar. 24, 18G4. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Putnam, Willakd 11. Age 25. Worcester. M. Jan. 5, 18G1. Hxp. June 26, 1805, in Co. B. Residence, . QuiGLEY, Beknakd. Age 42. Boston. M. Nov. 6, 1863. Died Nov. 6, 1864, City Pt., Va. *Rani>, Daniel. Age 32. Chelsea. M. June 29, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Rau, Jacob. Age 25. Greenfield. M. Feb. 8, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . RiCiiAUDSON, Joseph W. Age 27. Boston. M. Oct. 8, 1861. Detailed in band. Pris. Juno 17, 1863, Aldie. Paroled [July 21-Aug. 13], 1863. Detailed as printer at A. G. ()., Washington, D. C. Teruiinatiou of ser. by O. W. 1). Feb. 29, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. RiORDAN, James. Age 18. Williamstown. M. Jan. 20, 1864. Exp. Juno 26, 1865, in C. B. Residence, . «RoFFE, Mathew T. H. Age 22. Newton. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Detailed in band. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. RoLLO, Arnold. Age 18. Roxbury. M. Mar. 19, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Rodney, George E. Age 21. Springfield. M. Jan. 15, 1864. Exp. July 17, 1865. Residence, . Sanborn, William J. Age 34. Lynn. M. July 31, 1862. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . Sargent, Albert T. Age 22. Newburyport. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. for dis. Apr. 23, 1862. Residence, . Siiannaiian, Daniel J. Age 19. Dighton. M. Feb. 15, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Shumway, Gilbert II. Age 23. Dorchester. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Nov. 21, 1862. Residence, . Smith, Ebenezer. Age 22. Springfield. M. Aug. 19, 1862. Slightly wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Transferred to V. R. C. Jan. 19, 1864. Residence, . Smith, George W. Age 31. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded in breast, foot, shoulder, arm, and pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Sept. 16, 1864. Residence, . Smith, John A. Age 29. Lynn. M. Aug. 5, 1862. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . Smith, Joseph. Age 25. Medford. M. Oct. 1, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . *Smith, William [correct name Knapton Wardman]. Age 21. Lawrence. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Slightly wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Sparks, Joseph II. Age 36. Lynn. M. July 31, 1862. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Stearns, Justus S. Age 19. Lynn. M. Aug. 5, 1862. Disch. for dis. Dec. 29, 1863. Residence, Lynn, Mass. Stinger, Michael. Age 37. Charlestown. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. for dis. Apr. 23, 1862. Residence, . 348 FIE ST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Strang, Cyrus D. Age 23. Medford. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Wounded in shoulder and neck (pistol ball) and pris. June 17, 18G3, Aldie. Held by enemy four hours, and left on field for dead. In all eng. of Co. to this date. Disch. for dis. Nov. 30, 1863. Residence, Medfield, Mass. Strang, John A. Age 21. Medfield. M. Sept. 19, 18G1. Wounded June 17, 18G3, Aldie. Died June 28, 18G3, hosp., Washington, D. C. Swan, Charles F. Age 18. Harvard. M. Jan. D, 1864. Acting Bugler. Exp. June 26, I860. Residence, . Sweetland, James E. Age 19. Easthampton. M. July 28, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Swift, Joseph B. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. for dis. Mar. 4, 1863. Reeulisted in Co. I (new). Residence, Togus, Me. Tierney, Daniel. Age 25. Chicopee. M. Aug. 31, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . ToRRY, Joshua L. Age 36. Boston. M. Oct. 23, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Traverse, Hugh. Age 30. Boston. M. Dec. 18, 1861. Deserted Mar. 1, 1863, while on detached service. Residence, . Trudeaw, George. Age 23. Springfield. M. Oct. 27, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Worcester, Mass. YiCKEHY, James J. Age 32. Boston. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Deserted Nov. 11, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Wayland, William. Age 26. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. for dis. Apr. 23, 1862. RGsiciGncG * Welch, Edward D. Age 18. Grauby. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . Whitcomb, Myron. Age 19. Monroe. M. Aug. 23, 1864. Exp. June 24, 1865. Residence, . WiLLARD, Charles S. Age 24. Worcester. M. Jan. 5, 1864. Wounded in foot Aug. 23, 1864, Reams Sta. Exp. Aug. 30, 1865. HGsiclciicG -, WiLLARD, Elijah. Age 35. Lynn. M. July 31, 1862. Eng. Kelly's Ed., Fred- ericksburg, Stoneman's Rd. In Acquia Creek and Campbell hosp. Transferred to 2d Batt. V. R. C. Aug., 18G3. Exp. Nov., 18G5. May, 1861, 4th Lieut. Co. C. 14th Regt. V. M. (afterward " 1st Mass. H. A."). July 5, 1861, 1st Sergt. Disch. for dis. (sprained ankle) Mar. 7, 1862. Residence, Boston, Mass. Winters, George. Age 27. Roxbury. M. Feb. 18, 1864. Deserted May 20, 1864, from Campbell Gen. Hosp., David's Isl., N. Y. Residence, . Witt, Ainsley. Age 22. Cambridge. M. Dec. 17, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . WoGAN, Michael. Age 43. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Nov. 15, 1861. Residence, . *Woodwell, George E. Age 28. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Oct. 8, 18G2. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 349 Wyeth, Richard H. Age 19. Lunenburg. M. Sept. 10, 1861. Disch. Apr. 1, 1863, on writ of Habeas Corpus for minority. Enlisted in Co. D, 3d Mass. Cav. Feb. 25, 1864. Killed Sept. 19, 1864, Winchester, Va. Wyeth, William H. Age 18. Lunenburg. M. Aug. 20, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Captured bv bushwhackers while ou patrol near Lee's Mills, Va., June 26, 1864. In pris. Florence, S. C, Oct. 2, 1864. " In- vestio-ation fails to elicit further information." Zimmerman, Sebastian. Age 18. Roxbury. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Reenlisted Feb. 23, 1864. At Warrenton, 1864, thrown from horse (against stone wall ; lay unconscious all night) injuring head, causing deafness. In all eng. of Co. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Wayland, Mass. COMPANY B. Wise, Charles H. 1st Ser^t. Age 21. Maiden. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Eng. Charleston, Johns Isl., James Isl. Left regt. at Poolesville. Capt. Inf. Sept. 17, 1862. Residence, Maiden, Mass. **Carey, Hugh. 1st Sergt. Sanborn, George W. 1st Serg. Age 29. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, South Boston, Mass. Doyle, Stephen A. 1st Sergt. Age 31. Charlestown. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Re- enlisted Dec. 28, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Richardson, Charles W. Q. M. Sergt. Age 31. Boston. M. Oct. 16, 1861. Sergt. Dec. 1, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Reenlisted Jan. 12, 1865, Ensign in Navy. Exp. Feb. 27, 1866. Eng. S. Mountain, Antietam, Aldie, Gettysburg, Mobile. Residence, Newtonville, Mass. **FiLLEBROWN, George M. Com. Sergt. Cobb, Eben E. Com. Sergt. Age 25. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Corp. In principal eng. of regt. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Denver, Col. **Goodwin, John A. Com. Sergt. Sergt. Maj. *-**HoLT, Charles V. Com. Sergt. **Manx, Benjamin G. Com. Sergt. Regtl. Com. Sergt. *-**RussELL, Edward J. Com. Sergt. * **Stevens, Charles H. Sergt. Age 27. Melrose. Transf. to Co. G. as 1st Sergt. Freeman, Victor O. Sergt. Afje 20. Lawrence. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reen- listed Dec. 28, 1863. Wd. Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem PI. R. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Versailles, Conn. Hart, James. Sergt. Age 24. Boston. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Wd. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Died from wds. July 19, 1863, Alexandria. Looney, Michael. Sergt. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Wd. May 28, 1864, Ennons Church. Died from wounds June 8, 1864. MuRROW, William D. Sergt. Age 18. Boston. M. Sept. 16, 1861. Pris. Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . Preston, Thomas. Sergt. Age 24. Roxbury. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Pris. June 3, 1863, Sulphur Springs, while on picket duty ; taken to Libby, paroled June 6. On detached ser. in 1864 in charge of orderlies, hdqrs. 1st Brigade, 2d Div. Cav. Corps. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. First enlisted Apr. 23, 1861, Co. C, 3d M. V. M. Exp. July 22, 1861. Residence, Charlestown, Mass. 350 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. *QuiNN, Maurice F. Ser^t. Age 21. Chailestown. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 180-4, as absent sick. *Savagk, Richard. Sergt. Age 21. Boston. M. Feb. 15, 1864. AVouncIed in both legs, Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem PI. R. Exp. June 26, 1805. TOBEY, William. Sergt. Age 21. Chailestown. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Corp. Sept. 28, 1861. Sergt. Nov. 1, 1862. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie, 4 mos. at Libby and Belle Isle. Wounded severely in hand, by bullet, Parker's Store, Nov. 29, 1863. In principal eng. of regt. Residence, Salem, Mass. Aldrich, Henry B. Corp. Age 20. Petersham. M. Sept. 12, 1861. On Color Guard. Prisoner June 17, 1863, Aldie. In Libby 2 months 8 days. Practically in all eng. of regt. Exp. Oct. 25, 1864. Residence, Solomon City, Kan, BoswoRTH, William G. Corp. Age 19. Boston. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Prom. June 1, 1863. Wounded below knee, and pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie, paroled [July 12- Aug. 13,] 1863. In principal eng. o^ regt. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864, as absent sick. Residence, Auburndale, Mass. Buchanan, William B. Corp. Age 21. Soraerville. M. Sept. 12,1861. Wounded in left shoulder, by pistol ball, Nov. 27, 1863, New Hope Church. Mar. 21, 1864, disch. for dis. from wounds. In all eng. with regt. till wounded. Residence, Odell, 111. Deihl, Henry. Corp. Age 22. Westfield. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Westfield, Mass. Freeman, John B. Corp. Age 22. Lawrence. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Sabre cut in shoulder June 9, 1863, Brandy Sta. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Gay, Joseph. Corp. Age 22. Cambridgeport. M. Dec. 21, 1861. Accidentally wounded May, 1804. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. First enlisted Apr. 23, 1861, Co. C 3d M. V. M. Exp. July 22, 1801. Residence, West Newton, Mass. Griffiths, Josiah S. Corp. Age 26. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Thrown from horse Feb., 1802. Disch. for dis. May 3, 1802. Residence, Marion, Mass. Johonnot, Ira. Corp. Age 24. Winchester. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. KiLBURN, Charles E. Corp. Age 22. Weymouth. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Wounded in left thigh Oct. 14, 1863, Auburn. Wounded in shoulder Nov. 27, 1863, New Hope Church. Died of wounds Jan. 4, 1864. Marsh, Sheperd. Corp. Age 25. Newburyport. M. Dec. 24, 1861. Wounded in knee (leg amputated) Nov. 27, 1863, New Hope Church. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . O'Brien, James. Corp, Age 20. Littleton. M. Nov. 13, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. RiGSlClGnCG . -, Pierce, Edwin H. Corp. Age 23. Amherst. M. Aug. 13, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1803. Exp. June 20, 1805. Residence, . Poole, Charles E. Corp. Age 23. Medford. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded by pistol ball, pris. June 17, 186.3, Aldie. Died Apr. 23, 1864, Anclersonville. *Washburne, George M. Corp. Age 20. Foxboro. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Scout to Gen. Averell. Exp. Nov. 17, 1864. Whelton, David. Corp. Age 30. Charlestown. M. Dec. 28, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Carr, James T. Bugler. Age 28. Lawrence. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Deserted July 29, 1862, Hilton Head. Residence, . STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 351 Everett, George B. Bugler. Age 24. Hanson. M. Feb. 23, 1864. Transferred to Co. D (Sergt.). Pike, George M. Bugler. Age 27. Acton. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reenlistecl Feb. 15, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Hodges, Charles H. Bugler. Age 21. Holliston. M. Aug. 18, 1862. Pris- June 17, 1863, Aldie. M. out (as private) with detachment of company Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . Dudley, Samuel. Wagoner. Age 36. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . Bragg, George W. Blacksmith. Age 37. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Trans- ferred to V. R. C. Residence, . Hartness, George. Farrier. Age 35. Cambridge. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . Wancke, Gustave. Saddler. Aged 20. Roxbury. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Kicked by horse, badly injured, 1862. Arm broken, near Frederick, Md., Sept., 1862. In most battles vs^ith regt. Exp, Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Washington, D. C. Abbott, Joseph D. Age 21. Beverly. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Detached to 6th N. Y. Horse Bat'y, Nov. 1, 1863. Exp. Sept. 13, 1864. Residence, Ipswich, Mass. Barrus, Alvan. Age 30. Goshen. M. Aug. 5, 1862. Acting hosp. steward, Marine Hosp. Baltimore. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Goshen, Mass. Barrus, Lorin. Age 37. Goshen. M. Aug. 16, 1862. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Goshen, Mass. Brasher, James H. Age 18. Boston. M. Jan. 25, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Brennan, John A. Age 21. Quiney. M. Aug. 5, 1864. Exp, June 26, 1865. Residence, . Briogs, Daniel R. Age 45. Acton. M, Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. for dis. Jan. 29, 1862. Residence, . Brown, Nathaniel. Age 21, Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Killed June 24, 1864, St. Mary's Church. Bryant, Joseph B. Age 18. Boston, M. Jan, 13, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Roxburj', Mass. Burgess, Edwin M. Age 23. Holyoke. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. for dis. Mar. 26, 18G3, Residence, West Somerville, Mass. Buswell, Joseph. Age 30. Charlestown. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Disch. for dis. Apr. 4, 1865. Residence, , Campbell, John. Age 24. Chieopee. M. Feb. 1, 1862. Disch. for dis. Mar. 14, 1863. Residence, . Clarkson, John. Age 27. Somerville. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. for dis. Mar. 3, 1864. Residence, . Clapper, Michael M. Age 36. Richmond. M. Jan. 19, 1864. Exp. June 21, 1865. Residence, . CoNLEY, Hugh. Age 30. Lowell. M, Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Worcester, Mass. 352 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Connelly, James. Age 29. Lowell. M. Dec. 30, 1863. Wouuded in side July 28, 1864, New Market. Transf. to V. R. C. Apr. 29, 1865. Residence, . Crillis, Daniel (see Trillis). Cutler, Amos E. Age 37. Woburn. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Jan. 29, 1863. Stewart Hosp., Baltimore. Residence, Woburn, Mass. *Daly, Jeremiah T. Age 20. Cambridge. M. Sept. 12, 1861. On detached ser. as Orderly, Dec, 1862, and Jan., 1863, hdqrs. Cav. Corps. Practically in all eng. of Co. to exp., Nov. 7, 1864. Davis, Edward. Age 31. Woburn. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Deserted Jan. 8, 1862, Readville. Residence, . Davis, Everett. Age 18. Grafton. M. Mar. 24, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. l^GSlCiGHCG , Dean, Herbert F. Age 23. Foxboro. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Apr. 4, 1864, promoted in R. I. Vol. Special O. 137, W. D. IvgsicIgiicg > Devoy, Laurence. Age 21. Lawrence. M. July 21, 1864. Wounded in hand Oct. 1, 1864, Vaughn Road. Exp. June 26, 1865. XvGSlClGnCG . Donovan, Daniel C. Age 21. Charlestown. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Charlestown, Mass. Dooley, Joseph. Age 22. Quincy. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Transf. to V. R. C. XVGSlClGIlCG ■' Downs, Maurice. Age, 21. Holliston. M. Aug. 25, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Deserted Dec. 1, 1864, on furlough. Residence, Natick, Mass. « Dunham, Andrew J. Age 28. Abington. M. Aug. 15, 1862. AVith Co. and regt. till exp., Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Rockland, Mass. *Elms, Henry S. Age 43. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. *Epps, Charles H. Age 23. Boston. M. Dec. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Estey, Edward S. Age 39. Soutbboro. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Deserted Jan. 8, 1862, Readville. JAiGSlflGllOG — — ^— — Estes, William H.' Age 31. - Pittsfield. M. Jan. 5, 1864. Wouuded in arm, June 6, 1864. Exp. May 18, 1865. Residence, North Adams, Mass. Fahey, Edward. Age 21. Easthampton. M. Aug. 12, 1862. On detached ser. as Orderly May, 1863. Pris. May 10, 1864, Beaver Dam. At Richmond, Ander- sonville, Charleston, and Florence ; paroled Dec. 20, 1864. Practically in all eng. of regt. to May, 1864. Disch. Mar. 18, 1865, O. W. D. Residence, Denver, Col. Fentress, Walter H. Age 26. Boston. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Deserted Oct. 31, 1861, Readville. xxesidence * Field, Thomas E. Age 19. Petersham. M. Sept. 14, 1861. In all eng. of regt. to exp. Nov. 7, 1864. RcsiclGiicG t^ tills Pgiih. Finn, John. Age 23. Leicester. M. July 28, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . . Fitzpatrick, Daniel. Age 19. Lowell. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Pris. White Sul- phur Springs, June 3, 1863 ; taken to Libby, paroled June 6. Exp. Nov. 17, 1864. Residence, . STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 353 Francis, William D. Age 30. Somerville. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Deserted ou furlough from hosp. in 1864. RiGSlQGllCG • Frenauf, Francis. Age 21. Springfield. M. Feb. 1, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Alflie, paroled [July 21-Aug. 13, ] 1863. Reenlisted Feb. 16, 1864. Deserted May 6, 1864, on furlough. Residence, . Gabler, Andrew J. Age 19. Lauesboro. M. Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. XvGSldGllCG — — ^^ Gannon, Thomas. Age 21. Lowell. M. Dec. 30, 1863. Died Nov. 15, 1865, St. Louis. Gardner, George W. Age 21. Boston. M. Aug. 14, 1862. On detached ser. as Orderly, 1863 at brigade hdqrs. under Gen. Davies. Head, hand, and knee in- jured, and pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. At Belle Isle and Libby ; paroled about July 27, 1863. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. X^GSltlGllCG X> OS toil JVXtlSS *GiLLMAN, Henry S.' Age 33. Boston. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Glassett, John. Age 21. Greenfield. M. Mar. 15, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . GouRLAY, William D. Age 26. Boston. M. Nov. 19, 1861. Term, of ser. Nov. 13, 1863 by O. W. D. Residence, . Harrington, Charles F. Age 29. Boston. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. XvGSlQGllCG — ^— ^ Hartung, John. Age 31. Boston. M. Oct. 6, 1862. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Healey, Charles E. Age 19. Boston. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. JAiGSlClGllCG . Hicks, Samuel F. Age 26. Boston. M. Aug. 5, 1862. Transf. to V. R. C. July 1, 1864. IxGSIClGllCG -^^-^^ Hosmer, Isaac M. Age 18. Roxbury. M. Feb. 11, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Howard, James C. Age 24. Ilubbardston. M. Aug. 7, 1862.' Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Lynn, Mass. Howard, Robert. Age 22. Maiden. M. Nov. 21, 1863. Killed May 6, 1864, Todd's Tavern. *HuLL, Hiram. Age 42. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. [See Co. L.] Jones, George. Age 18. Cambridge. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Kelly, Frederick A. Age 31. Boston. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Slightly wounded, June 17, 1863, Aldie. Transf. to V. R. C. Apr. 1, 1864. Residence, . KiNLOCK, John. Age 21. Easthampton. M. Aug. 12, 1862. Slightly wounded, June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Feb. 17, 1864. Wounded and pris. Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem PI. R. Exp. June 17, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, . King, Peter S. Age 28. Springfield. M. Feb. 1, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Thrown from horse and slightly injured June 28, 1863, Wiuchester. In all but two battles of regt. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, South Cleveland, 0. Leeman, Charles A. Age 21. Augusta, Me. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Deserted Mar. 19, 1864, on furlough. X\.GS1(1G11CG . Leonard, John. Age 22. Lowell. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . 354 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Lawson, Charles E. W. Age 30. Boston. M. Aug. 15, 18G2. Transf. to V. R. C. June 1, 18G4. Residence, Cambridgeport, Mass. Mace, Benjamin. Age 23. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Deserted Nov. 15, 18G1, Readville. Residence, . Major, Robert. Age 18. Boston. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Exp. Sept. 18, 1864. Residence, . Massey, Richard. Age 42. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Transf. to Co. H. Manning, James C. Age 35. Chelsea. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Exp. Sept. 8, 1864- Residence, Chelsea, Mass. Marden, Ellis. Age 39. Dover. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Deserted Jan. 1, 1863, Camp Parole, Annapolis. Residence, . Martin, William M. Age 23. Methuen. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Wounded in right shoulder June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Lynn, Mass. McCauley, Matthew. Age 24. Roxbury. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Reeulisted Dec. 20, 1863. Deserted Mar. 19, 1864, on furlough. Residence, . McDonald, Alexander. Age 21. Walpole. M. Sept. 23, 1861. On detached ser. from Feb. to Aug., 1863, with three different Corps. In all eng. of regt. ex- cept when on detail. Ex]). Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, North Abington, Mass. McDonald, John M. Age 18. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Killed June 9, 1863, Stevensburg, Va. McGrath, Luke. Age 26. Lenox. M. Dec. 20, 1863. Deserted April 25, 1865. Residence, . McInnis, Dugald. Age 28. Springfield. M. Dee. 8, 1861. Detailed in band. Wounded in right foot by fragment of shell (maimed for life) June 16, 1862, near Secessionville. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. McKiE, John N. Age 19. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. for dis. Nov. 20, 1861. Residence, . McKenney, Robert. Age 18. Boston. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Disch. Dec. 21, 1861, Readville, by civil authority (under age). Residence, . McQuADE, Charles. Age 23. Chelsea. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Transf. to navy May 3, 1864. xvcsiciGncB ■ Moore, Arthur G. Age 37. Boston. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Disch. for dis. Mar. 4, 1863. Residence, . Morgan, Joseph. Age 43. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 12, 1861. Residence, . Mortel, Patrick. Age 21. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. RcsiflGncG ". Moulton, Jacob. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Deserted Oct. 31, 1861. RcsiclGiicc . Newell, Olney P. Age 21. Franklin. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Detailed at Stone- man's hdqrs. in 1862 ; winter of 1862-63, Prov. Guard, Warrenton ; Corps Hdqrs. Guard at Gettysburg ; slightly wounded in head, June 16, 1863, near Ma- nassas Junction. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Attleboro, Mass. EUGLER MURRAY V. LIVINGSTON h-f. Chief Bugler DANIEL SHANNON Q. M. SERGT, ELI A. SMITH f" flPW^^ CHARLES H. V/HITING D COMPANY STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 355 Pettingill, David K. Age 30. Boston. M. Aug. 12, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . *PiERCE, Alonzo. Age 43. Boston. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. Sept. 26, 1863. Pierce, George W. Age 22. Boston. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Uiscli. for dis. May 3, 1862. Residence, . Pike, William E. Age 22. Acton. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Deserted Jan. 8, 1862, Readville. Residence, . Power, Thomas J. Age 22. Charlestown. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Died May 26, 1862, Hilton Head. Pray, Ben.jamin C. Age 26. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Transf. to Co. H. Prescott, Isaac H. Age 18. Boston. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Disch. for dis. Nov. 10, 1864. Residence, Melrose, Mass. Preston, John. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Nov. 20, 1861. Residence, . Pushee, LuxriER H. Age 38. Boston. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Detailed in 1st Band. Deserted Oct. 20, 1862, Washington. Residence, Readon, John. Age 21. Cambridge. M. Sept. 28, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . *Reed, William T. Age 28. Abington. M. Aug. 9, 1862. Wounded in leg Nov. 27, 1863, New Hope Church. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Reid, William. Age 18. Boston. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Richardson, Jeremiah M. Age 29. Boston. M. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch. for dis. Mar. 1, 1864. Residence, . Robinson, Asa L. Age 35. Boston. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Roberts, James. Age 32. Easton. M. Nov. 10, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . ScHLOTHiEN, Edward. Age 38. Chatham. M. June 16, 1864. Deserted Nov. 19, 1864, on furlough. Residence, . Sevey, George. Age 28. Boston, M. Sept. 17, 1861. Telegraph Orderly, Poto- mac Creek in 1863. At brigade hdqrs. under Gen. Davies in 1864. In most eng. of regt. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. Shepard, Herbert L. Age 18. Mansfield. M. Aug. 7, 1862. Received three slight wounds and pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. At Belle Isle and Richmond about one month. "Weight 170 pounds wlien captured, less than 100 pounds on arriving at Annapolis Hosp." Reiinlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Exp. July 19, 1865. In principal eng. of regt. Residence, Washington. D. C. Shepard, Albert S. Age 27. Mansfield. M. Aug. 7, 1862. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Mansfield, Mass. Sherman, Daniel P. Age 34. Kingston. M. Aug. 7, 1862. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Shields, Peter. Age 21. Boston. M. Dec. 20, 1863. Disch. for dis. July 15, 1864. Residence, . Simmons, William. Age 19. Charlton. M. Mar. 31, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. 356 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Sinclair, Henry A. Age 19. Lowell. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Nov. 20, 18G1. Residence, . Smith, Henry. Age 44. Dedham. M. Sept. 12, 18G1. Disch. Dec. 25, 1862, for dis. caused by injury received in action. Residence, . Smith, James H. Age 29. Quincy. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 25, 1861. Residence, . Solon, John. Age 21. Conway. M. Aug. 14, 1862. Pris. May 18, 1863, Dum- fries. Reeulisted Feb. 15, 1864. Deserted May 6, 1864, Boston (on furlough). Residence, . Stedman, Richard W. Age 26. Lee. M. Jan. 2, 1864. Disch. for dis. May 7, 1865. Residence, . Sullivan, William. Age 19. South Danvers. M. Jan. 19, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Thomson, Alexander E. Age 19. Boston. M. Sept. 16, 1861. Killed Nov. 27, 1863, New Hope Church. Thomas, William C. Age 22. Boston. M. Feb. 8, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Titus, Alphonzo D. Age 25. Cambridge. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Scout to Gen. Averell. Died from injuries (received by horse falling and throwing him) Jan. 21, 1863, Potomac Creek. Trillis, Daniel. Age 19. Wellfleet. M. Nov. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Veazie, Charles C. Age 18. Adams. M. Jan. 4, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . *ViNAL, Warren J. Age 39. Scituate. M. Sept. 10, 1861. Reeulisted Dec. 26, 1863. Wounded in foot May 5, 1864, Wilderness. Transf. to V. R. C. Feb. 22, 1865. Weldon, Eli E. Age 38. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Disch. for dis. May 18, 1863. Residence, Washington, D. C. ♦Wellington, Heliodorus. Age 44. Somerville. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Welch, James. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863. Aldie. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, . Weston, John B. Age 24. Georgetown. M. Aug. 12, 1862. Slightly wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Killed Nov. 27, 1863, New Hope Church. WiGGiN, Lewis W. Age 22. Lowell. M. Sept. 14, 1861. On detached ser. as cattle guard seven months in 1804, under Sergt. Brackett. AVounded in side with charge of buckshot and ball, and pris. Mar. 1, 1864, near Charlottesville, Kilpatrick's Raid. In Ross Pris., Richmond, 21 days ; escaped by cutting through wall. In most eng. of Co. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Salem, Mass. Winn, Eben S. Age 27. Cambridge. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Severely wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Disch. for dis. Sept. 30, 1863. Residence, . WiTHERELL, HERBERT E. Age 21. Bostou. M. Aug. 9, 1862. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Pembroke, Mass. Woodward, Freeman. Age 38. Springfield. M. Aug. 15, 1862. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Eastharapton, Mass. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 357 *WooD, Lemuel. Age 23. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Practically in all eng. of Co. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. WuiGHT, George O. Age 24. Marbleliead. M. Aug. 12, 1862. Wounded in right leg with ininie-ball June 17, 1863, Aldie, and pris.; escaped dm-ing charge of 1st Me. Wounded in left arm, pistol shot, Sept. 16, 1864, "Kebel Cattle Raid," City Point. In all eng. from Todd's Tavern to City Point. Exp. Oct. 24, 1864. Residence, Reno, Nevada. WiLKiNS, Edward L. Age 25. Boston. M. Sept. 12, 1861. Transf. to Co. H. COMPANY C. **DAvrs, Charles G. 1st Sergt. Davis, William N. 1st Sergt. Age 40. Brighton. M. Dec. 20, 1861. Corp. Aug. 14, 1863. Sergt. Mar. 1, 1864. In all eng. of Co. Exp. Dec. 1 Holmes, Benjamin F. B. Age 25. Auburn, Me. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded in foot and leg, June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp, Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, N. Auburn, Me. *HousTON, James M. Age 39. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. *HowARD, Franklin. Age 43. Clinton. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Disch. for dis. Feb. 17, 1863. Howard, Lafayette G. Age 25. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Feb 18, 1863. Residence, Boston, Mass. HOYT, Israel. Age 33. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861, Deserted Dec. 1, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Hutchinson, Eliphalet B. Age 33. Holliston. M. Aug. 17, 1862. Wounded in chest June 9, 1863, Stevensburg. Died June 30, 1863. Ingalls, Nathan E. Age 23. Springfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Transferred to V. R. C. Residence, . Johnson, Alfred V. Age 37. Charlestown. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie; paroled [July 21-Aug. 13], 1863- Exp. Sept. 16, 1864. Residence, Sharon, Mass. Jones, Alfred P. Age 24. Worcester. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Sarasota, Fla. **Josselyn, James O. Age 31. Roxbury. Regtl. Com. Sergt. Nov. 1, 1864. Keay, Alfred H. Age 38. Cambridge. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Thrown from horse, spine injured, and pris. Sept. 5, 1862, Poolesville ; held two hours. Jan. 29, 1863, disch. for dis., caused by same injury. Residence, Medford, Mass. Kelly, John. Age 40. Douglas. M. Feb. 23, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Kimball, Daniel W. Age 40. Medford. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Slightly wounded and pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 13, 1864. RgsicIciicg ■■' Legg, William H.' Age 21. Holliston. M. Aug. 16, 1862. Died Feb. 9, 1863, Potomac Creek, Va. *Lombard, J. Tewksbury. Age 33. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Lund, Frank M. (See Co. M.) *Maynard, Henry G. Age 19. Lowell. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Maxim, Nathan B. Age 26. Carver. M. Aug. 19, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie ; paroled [July 21-Aug. 13], 1863. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Middleboro, Mass. McCoNNELL John W. Age 24. Cambridge. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Died June 20, 1863. McKenny, William H. Age 18. Boston. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. for dis. Jan. 7, 1864. Residence, . McMahon, Peter. Age 21. Lowell. M. Sept. 23, 1861. On detached ser. as clerk in Q. M. Dept. under Q. M. Knight, Dec, 1862, to exp., Oct. 3, 1864. [ Eng. Brandy Sta. Residence, Lowell, Mass. 362 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Merrill, Walter H. Age 18. Cambridge. M. Jan. 11, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Kesidence, Tiiriusburg, Ohio. Miller, Wilhelm. Age 35. Greenfield. M. Feb. 15, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Kesidence, . MiNCHiN, George H. Age 22. Newbury. M. Jan. 18, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865 Residence, . Morse, William W. Age 21. Enfield. M. Jan. 5, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . MouLTON, Frank B. Age 22. Maiden. M. Feb. 22, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Camden, Arkansas. Murphy, John. Age 18. Granville. M. Dec. 24, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Murphy, Michael. Age 19. Dennis. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Newton, Charles H. Age 19. Gardner. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, So. Gardner, Mass. O'Connor, Thomas F. Age 20. Boston. M. Feb. 26, 1864. Arm broken by fall of horse on corduroy road, near Yellow Tavern, Nov. 24, 1864. In eng. of Co. to exp., June 29, 1865. First enlisted in Co. H. 8th Mass. Vol. Oct. 30, 1862. Exp. Aug. 7, 1863. Residence, New Britain, Conn. Overton, William H. Age 18. Stoughton. M. Jan. 18, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Stoughton, Mass. Palmer, William D. Age 18. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Parker, William E. Age 20. Newton. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Transferred to V. R. C. Mar. 19, 1864. Residence, New York, N. Y. Parker, Jacob F. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. for dis. Sept. 29, 1861. Residence, . Peckham, George W. Age 29. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Somerville, Mass. Pendergast, Morris. Age 21. Mansfield. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. for dis. Oct. 27, 1862. Residence, . Peters, Edmund F. Age 39. Charlestown. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Pris. Sept. 5, 1862, Poolesville ; also, June 17, 1863, Aldie ; 36 days at Libby and Belle Isle. In all eng. of Co. to exp., Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Chelsea, Vt. Peters, John. Age 36. Cambridge. M. Dec. 30, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Preston, William H. Age 24. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Reenlisted Feb. 5, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Rogers, John L. Age 43. Charlestown. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. April 17, 1864. Residence, Charlestown, Mass. *RiCHARDSON, George E. Age 24. Cambridge. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Sept. 14, 1864. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 363 Russell, Solomon P. Age 41. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Acting Sergt. and 2d Lieut of Co. C. when at Readville in 1861. Deserted Mar. 1, 186:^, on furlough. TipSlQGIlCC • Scott, George F. Age 19. Newton. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Asheville, N. C. r^ ^r r^ n. ^ SiMONDS, John F. Age 22. N, Bridgewater. Transferred from to. K. JiiXp. Uct. 3, 1864. Residence, Maiden, Mass. ,„ ^o^o *Smith, Reuben C. Age 21. Springfield. M. Aug. 8, 1862, Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie'; paroled July 21-Aug. 13, 1863. Exp. Oct. 1, 1864. Snow, Josiah B. Age 30. Cambridge. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Exp. Oct. 1, 1864. Residence, . Souther, William R. Age 18. W. Roxbury. M. Jan. 15, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. I^GsiciBllCG . Sullivan, Robert. Age 18. Marlboro. M. Mar. 30, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. XvGSlClGnCG . Taylor, George W. Age 22. Newton. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Sept. 25, 1862. IvGSlQGllCG ' TiLLSON, Elis'ha a. Age 18. Mansfield. M. Aug. 7, 1862. Disch. for dis. Dec. 29, 1862. K-GSlClGllCG . Trashir, Robert. Age 25. Lynn. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. RgsicIgiicg 'm Trow, James' J. Aged 19. Lowell. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. lAjGSlClGnCG " . *Tufts, David B. Age 36. Lynn. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Disch. for dis. Aug. 4, 1863. Tufts, William H. Age 20. Lynn. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Pris. Jime 17, 1863, Aldie ; paroled July 21-Aug. 13, 1863. Reenlisted Feb. 22, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . -ri /-^ o Wakefield, Gilbert. Age 21. Somerville. M. Sept, 23, 1861. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Somerville, Mass. Whitney, George H. Age 22. Harvard. M. Nov. 19, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Pris. May 12, 1864, near Todd's Tavern ; in prison, Florence, S. C. Paroled Dec. 28. Exp. June 21, 1865. Residence, Worcester, Mass. Whitney, Horatio T. Age 21. Harvard. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Slightly wounded, June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp.- Oct. 3, 1864. x^GsiciGncG — Williams, Byron H. Age 19. Amherst. M. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. for dis. Sept. 21, 1863. IvGSlClGllCG . *WooD, Henry F. Age 26. Marlboro. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Detailed in band. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Wright, Samuel. Age 45. Somerville. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Detailed m charge of regimental bake-house at Hilton Head, summer of 1862. Disch. for dis. Sept. 21, 1863. Residence, South Boston, Mass. ZoLLER, George H. Age 20. Brighton. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 22, 1862. Residence, Newton, Mass. 364 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. COMPANY D. **CouPE, William. 1st Sergt. *NiCHOLSON, Charles. 1st Sergt. Age 22. Boston. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Re- enlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 2d Lieut. 5th Mass. Cav. Jan. 5, 1865. Kesigned Aug. 23, 1865. **Reed, Henry F. 1st Sergt. **Teague, George H. 1st Sergt. George, Daniel G. 1st Sergt. Age 21. Salem, N. H. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Right thigh injured by fall from horse June, 1862, Hilton Head. 1st Sergt. April 12, 1863. Prisoner, June 17, 1863, Aldie ; 2 mos. in Libby, Castle Thunder, and Belle Isle. Reenlisted, Jan. 1, 1864. In all eng. of regt. till transferred to navy, April 21, 1864, as able seaman. Assigned to U. S. S. Chicopee. Oct. 26, 1864, volunteered with Lieut. Wui. B. Cushing at destruction of Rebel Ram Albemarle, Plymouth, N. C. ; hurled into river by explosion of torpedo and taken pris.; in Salisbury, N. C, until close of war. Disch. June 17, 1866, as cockswain. Residence, W. Hanipstead, N. H. *HiLL, John R. Q. M. Sergt. Age 26. Roxbury. M. Oct. 17, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Feb 22, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Smith, Eli A. Q. M. Sergt. Age 41. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Acting Q. M. Sergt. and Com. Sergt. Oct. 11, 1861, to Sept., 1862. Thrown from horse, and spine injured Jan. 22, 1863, Potomac Creek. In hosp. April 13 to Nov. 19, 1863. Transferred to V. R. Corps Aug. 17, 1863. Eng. Secessionville, South Mountain, Antietani, Fredericksburg. Residence, Somerville, Mass. Carley, Rufus H. Com. Sergt. Age 34. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded and prisoner June 17, 1863, Aldie ; paroled July 21-Aug. 13. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . *Shepard, Adam. Com. Sergt. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Adams, Eli.tah F. Sergt. Age 25. Dorchester. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded through body (bullet embedded in backbone) Nov. 27, 1863, New Hope Church. Died in hospital, Washington, Dec. 11, 1863. Boyce, Jerome D. Sergt. Age 21. Boston. M. Dec. 9, 1863. Practically in all eng. while with Co. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Livingston Manor, N. Y. George, John H. Sergt. Age 19. Salem, N. H. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Corp. June 17, 1863, by Special Order, "for gallant and meritorious conduct at battle of Aldie." Sergt. May 1, 1864, for same reason, after battle of Mine Run. In all eng. of Co. to time of discharge. 2d Lieut. 5th Mass. Cav. Oct. 14, 1864. Disch. Oct. 31, 1865. Residence, Methuen, Mass. *Hamilton, James. Sergt. Age 27. Cambridge. M. Oct. 17, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 23, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Hatch, William H. Sergt. Age 23. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 2d Lieut. 5th Mass. Cav. Sept. 27, 1864. Exp. Oct. 31, 1865. Residence, New York City. **Herrick, David W. Sergt. **Kaler, Cornelius. Sergt. Odell, George D. Sergt. Age 23. Cambridge. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Corp. Nov. 1, 1861. Sergt. Mar. 1863. Color Sergt. June 17, 1863. In eng. of Co. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 1st Lieut, in 5th Mass. Cav. Mar. 8, 1864. Acting Q. M., 1865. Acting Brigade Inspt., 1865. Exp. Oct. 31, 1865. Residence, Brattleboro, Vt. RICHARiJ VV. LAKEMAN STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 365 Olney, James A. Sergt. Age 26. Cambridge. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Jime 29, 1805. Residence, Pawtucket, R. I. Pierce, Robert. Sergt. Age 36. Boston. M, Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Sept. 22, 1863. Residence, Portland, Me. **Ray, Albert F. Sergt. Sergt.-Maj. Rogers, Samuel D. Sergt. Age 24. Lawrence. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Reen- listed Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. First enlisted in Co. F, 6tli Regt. M. V. 1. Exp. Aug. 2, 1861. Residence, Boston, Mass. BowEN, Charles. Sergt. Age 22. Boston. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Deserted Feb. 4, 1863, on furlough. XLtiSlClGllCG * • **Bradbury, George L. Sergt. Sergt.-Maj. July 18, 1864. *FiELD, Uaxa a. Sergt. Age 22. Milford. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Pns. Mar. 28, 1863,' Kelly's Ford. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . rr^ p i - /-i r> *EvERETT, George B. Sergt. Age 24. Hanson. Transferred trom Co. B. Mar. 1864. Wounded in 1864. Exp. Oct. 1864, for promotion. IvgskIgiicg ""• Thurston, Charles F. Sergt. Age 20. Cambridge, M. Sept. 19, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Wounded Mar. 29, 1865, Grav- elly Run. Disch. for dis. May 29, 1865. Residence, Cambridgeport, Mass. oi- i i TowNE, Edward O. Sergt. Age 37. Cambridge. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Slightly wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togas, Me. Almy, Frank M. Corp. Age 21. Cambridge. M. Aug. 4, 1862. Slightly wounded June 17, 1803, Aldie. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Killed Apr. 30, 1865, Lynchburg, Va. . Bailey, George F. Corp. Age 24. Lawrence. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Pns. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. R,GS1(1g11CG HtllllDStGJXU. N« -ti. Chapman, Loring B. Corp. Age 23. Charlton. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Hubbardston, Mass. *CoRNiNG, Warren H. Corp. Age 22. Corning, N. H. M. Aug. 9, 1861. Wounded in shoulder Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. *Cranshaw, James W. Corp. Age 23. Haverhill. M. Feb. 5, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Crombie, Henry W. Corp. Age 27. Roxburv. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Mar. 7, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . French, William P. Corp. Age 19. Boston. M. Feb. 27, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Boston, Mass. Hamilton, Thomas I. Corp. Age 22. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Died of wounds June 17, 1863, Aldie. Hinman, Frank. Corp. Age 21. Lawrence. M. Oct. 17, 1861. Killed June 17, 1803, Aldie. ^. , ^ Pierce, John. Corp. Age 23. Pawtucket, R. I. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Died of woimds June 17, 1863, Aldie. t> • t Pray, Charles H. Corp. Age 27. Newbury. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . 366 FIBST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Prince, Franklin S. Corp. Age 20. Northampton. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp June 29, 1805. *^' Kesidenie, New Britain, Conn. Young, 8kth. Corp. Age 23. Newbury. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Wounded in head June 17, 18G3, Aldie. Exp. June 29, 1805. Residence, Newburyport, Mass. Bellow, Louis. Biigl.' Age 23. Barnstable. M. Jan. 20, 1864. Exp. June 29. 1805. Residence, . GuKNKY, John. Bugl. Age 43. Lawrence. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 29, 1864. Residence, . , IIiXEs, W.\LTEK J. Bugl. Age 19. Boston. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Disch. for dis. Aug. 13, 1864. Residence, Washington, D. C. Livingston, Murray V. Bugl. Age 21. ILaverhill. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Act- ing Regtl. Chief Bugler. Reiinlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Boston, Mass. *Hanscom, Nathaniel 11. Far. Age 40. Boston. M. Oct. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Mar. 11, 1863. Small, Ben.iamin F. Far. Age 32. Charlestown. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Paroled July 21-Aug. 13, 1863. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Gig Harbor, Wyoming Ter. Squire, Roswell. Far. Age'41. lioston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Pris. Mar. 28, 1863, Kelly's Ford. Reeidisted Jan 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . *BoswoRTH, David G. F. Sad. Age 23. Springfield. M. Aug. 12, 1862. Re- enlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Ex-p. June 29, 1865. FuiiBER, Lyman V. B. Sad. Age 20. Lawrence. RL Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Apr. 24, 1862. Residence, . *Greendall, Jesse F. Wag. Age 27. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Apr. 2, 1863. Hooper, Nathan C. AVag. Age 23. Boston. M. Oct. 17, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Cambridge, Mass. Ring, Nathaniel R. Wag. Age 38. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Diseh. for dis. Feb. 26, 1863. Residence, . Allen, Charles. Ago 19. N. Reading. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Missing since Oct., 1863. Dropped as deserter Mar., 1864. Investigation (Feb., 1890) fails to elicit further information. Residence, . Ames, Daniel S. Age 28. Springfield. M. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted in N. H. Vol. May 26, 1864. Residence, Monte Vista, Col. Atherton. Charles D. Age 25. Cambridge. INI. Aug. 15, 1862. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Austin, John. Age 32. Falmouth. M. Jan. 27, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Bailey, George W. Age 21. Roxbury. M. Feb. 8, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Bailey, Jesse O. Age 43. Roxbury. M. Feb. 22, 1864. Exp. June 17, 1865. Residence, . *Bailey, Rufus n. n. Age 22. Roxbury. M. Feb. 16, 1864. Exp. July 9, 1865. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 367 Bently, Thomas. Age 19. Longmeadow. M. Feb. 20, 1864. Exp. June 29, 18G5. Residence, . Bernard, John L. Age 38. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 18G1. Deserted Dec. 19, 1801, on furlough. Residence, . Blasland, William. Age 28. Boston. M. Oct. 5, 1801. At 1st Corps hdqrs. fall of 1802. At army hdqrs. winter of 18G2-1803. With the Co. in all eng. Residence, Washington, D. C. Boole, George F. Age 20. Boston. M. Aug. 12, 1802. Missing June 17, 1803, Aldie. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1804. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . BowKER, Charles W. Age 3.5. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1801. Killed June 17, 1803, Aldie. BOYNTON, Eli E. Age 30. Swampscott. M. Oct. 25, 1801. Thrown from horse, back injured, Apr., 1801, Hilton lid. On detached scr. in Signal Corps, Feb. 1863. Eng. So. Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg. Transferred to V. R. C. Feb. 6, 1864. (Name now Everett Boynton. Eli dropped by order of Court, 1876.) Residence, Swampscott, Mass. Brown, Curtis M. Age 22. Mansfield. M. Aug. 7, 1802. Exp. Nov. 1, 1864. Residence, Mansfield, Mass. Brown, Frederick O. Age 32. Boston. M. Dec. 4, 1803. Died Sept. 23, 1864, City Point, Va. Brown, Patrick. Age 37. Salem. M. Aug. 10, 1804. Exp. June 27, 1805. Residence, . Buckley, Florence. Age 19. Haverhill. M. Nov. 11, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1805. Residence, . *BuRRiLL, George A. Age 26. Randolph. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Sept. 0, 1803. Carroll, John. Age 24. Charlestown. M. Sept. 19, 1801. Deserted Dec, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Cheslyn, Richard W. Age 21. Medford. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Clapp, William A. Age 18. Hopkinton. M. Dec. 16, 1863. Died May 15, 1864, City Point, Va. Cliff, James. Age 45. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Nov. 15, 1861. Residence, . Cole, John H. Age 24. Pawtucket, R. I. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Transferred to V. R. C. Aug. 24, 1863. Disch. Sept. 15, 1864. Residence, Pawtucket, R. I. Collins, James E. Age 18. Cambridge. M. Dec. 16, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1805. Residence, E. Cambridge, Mass. *CoNANT, Symerna B. Age 43. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1801. Wounded in face Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store. Transferred to V. R. C. Apr. 21, 1804. *CoRCORAX, George E. Age 22. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1801. Pris. June 17, 1803, Aldie. Paroled July 21 - Aug. 13. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1804. Exp. June, 29, 186.5. ' 1' . Cotton, Hiram B. Age 25. Pawtucket, R. I. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Died Sept. 12, 1863. Alexandria, Va. Darrah, James M. Age 41. Boston. M. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for dis. Feb.. 1863. ' Residence, . 368 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Dennis, Henry W. Age 28. Boston. M. Dec. 9, 18G3. In principal eng. dur- ing Grant's campaign in Va. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Brooklyn, N. Y. Donahue, William. Age 22. Roxbury. M. Feb. 26, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Philadelphia, Pa. Doyle, Thomas. Age 23. Concord. M. Aug. 5, 1862. Died Oct. 7, 1863. Hart- wood Cliurch, Ya. Doyle, William M. Age 19. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Dunbar, George F. Age 19. Ware. M. Dec. 1, 1863. Died Aug. 15, 1864, City Point, Va. Eaton, John L. Age 30. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. JEgleston, Eli. Age 27. Springfield. M. Oct. 25, 1862. Deserted Jan. 10, 1863. Hartwood Church, Ya., while on picket. Residence, . Egleston, William R. Age 21. Springfield. M. Aug. 20, 1862. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Fay, Charles A. Age 19. Hopkinton. M. Dec. 7, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Flanders, Charles H. Age 22. Haverhill. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Fogg, George F. Age 27. Haverhill. M. Jan. 25, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, So. Danville, N. H. Foss, Henry G. Age 21. Haverhill. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. May 1, 1863. HGsiclGncG '■■ Galloway, Francis. Age 32. Greenfield. M. July 28, 1864. Died before Petersburg, Jan., 1865. Gray, George S. Age 25. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Woimded in lung June 17, 1863, Aldie. Died June 20, 1863, Alexandria, Ya. *Greely, Warren J. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Gurney, James M. Age 24. Lawrence. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Deserted Dec. 18, 1861, Readville. IvGsicl6ncG — , Hall, William. Age 22. Holyoke. M. Jan. 16, 1864. Disch. for dis. April 27, 1864. Residence, . Harmox, Albert C. Age 27. Boston. M. Oct. 17, 1861. Wounded (by spent ball) in wrist June 17, 1863, Aldie. Pris. same place ; escaped same night. Exp. Sept. 18, 1864. Residence, Brockton, Mass. *Harnden, Charles W. Age 22. Boston. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Transferred to V. R. C. April 28, 1864. Haviland, William H. Age 18. Boston. M. Feb. 16, 1864. Exp. July 3, 1865. Residence, . Hill, William H. Age 21. Saco, Me. M. Dec. 12, 1861. Wounded and pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Paroled July 21 -Aug. 13. Reenlisted Feb. 27, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Hobson, George H. Aged 28. Cambridge. M. Oct. 17, 1861. Wounded twice in head, with sabre. Mar. 17, 1863, Kelly's Ford. Pris. at same place, Mar. 28, 1863, while carrying despatch. In Libby two months. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 369 Houghton, Augustine F. Age 38. Clinton. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Paroled July 21 - Aug. 13, 1863. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Hunt, John R. Age 28. Chelsea. M. Feb. 20, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . HuRD, Edwin. Age 22. Newton. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, I860. Residence, Newton Upper Falls, Mass. Jackson, Aloxzo. Age 25. Lake Village, N. H. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Jackson, William. Age 22. Pawtucket, R. I. M. Sept. 17, 1861, Wounded in face and wrist June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. May 15, 1865. Residence, . Johnson, Frank H. Age 23. Haverhill. M. Jan. 26, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. *Kelly, John B. Age 19. Boston. M. Feb. 20, 1864. In eng. with Army of Potomac. Exp. June 29, 1865 [enlisted when 15 years old]. Kent, George W. Age 25. Cambridge. M. Aug. 4, 1862. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, E. Cambridge, Mass. Kimball, Charles H. Age 18, Groveland. M. Jan. 11, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Ladd, Henry E. Age 36. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Lakeman, Richard W. Age 41. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. In all eng. with Co. till transferred to V. R. C. Jan. 15, 1864. Residence, So. Boston, Mass. Light, Edward P. Age 22. Somerville. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Sergt.-Maj. Wounded by shell (right leg amputated) May 6, 1864, Todd's Tavern. Died of wounds June, 1864, Cold Harbor. Lincoln, Williaji F. Age 29. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 8, 1862. Residence, . Littlefield, Albert. Age 24. Dorchester. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Paroled July 21 - Aug. 13. Reeidisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, E. Braintree, Mass. Lowell, William H. Age 22. Boston. M. Aug. 4, 1864. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Paroled July 21 - Aug. 13. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Fi-anklin, Mass. *Marsh, Martin L. Age 21. Haverhill. M. Feb. 19, 1864. Exp. June 29, 18G5. Martix, William G. Age 22. Milford. Mi Aus;. 1, 1862. Disch. for dis. Jan. 22,1863. Residence, . McCarty, Charles. Age 19. Great Barrington. M. Aug. 2, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. >= h , V Residence, . McEachrax, John. Age 22. Marblehead. M. Aug. 12, 1862. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, . McMahon, John. Age 28. Boston. M. April 2, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. H. ^ 1' ' ' Residence, . McPherson, William. Age 24. Springfield. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Paroled July 21 - Aug. 13. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . 370 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Miner, Smith. Age 25. Pittsfleld. M. Aug. 2, 18G4. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . *MiNTER, George F. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Discb. for dis. Oct. 31, 1862. Moore, William. Age 36. Boston. M. Jan. 25, 1864. Exp. June 8, 1865. Residence, Boston, Mass. Morse, Anson. Age 20. Southbridge. M. Feb. 20, 1861. Exp. June 29, 1865, iuCo. H. R-gsicIghcg . Morse, Henry M. Age 20. Milford. M. Nov. 17, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, as absent. Residence ^ Myers, Samuel G. Age 24. Milton. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Pris. Jan. 2, 1862. wbile on scouting expedition. Practically in all eng. of Co. to exp., Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Needham, Charles W. Age 24. Georgetown. M. Aug. 7, 1862. Wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Died same day at Alexandria, Va. NOYES, John. Age 31. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Missing Dec. 19, 1862, Fredericksburg. During tlie eng. of Fredericksburg, while waiting in regimental line, for the pontoon bridge to be completed, the Cos. were ordered to " water horses." Noyes fell with his horse into the river. Some time befoi-e the man reached shore, the horse had effected a landing and run off. Having reported his loss to the officer commanding the Co., Noyes was ordered to search for the horse, and not return till he found it. Neither man nor horse was seen by the regi- ment afterward, and, as far as known, Noyes is still searching. Nugent, James H. Age 18. South Dauvers. M. Mar. 5, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. XvGSlClGllCG ■ -^ Olney, George F. Age 21. Boston. M. Feb. 24, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Pawtucket, R. I. Ord, James. Age 19. Medfield. M. Aug. 5, 1862. Detailed in Band. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Medfield, Mass, Osgood, Joseph H. Age 34. Haverhill. M. Jan. 27, 1864. Disch. for dis. June 6, 1865. Residence, . Pearson, Jason E. Age 21. Greenfield. M. Aug. 5, 1864. Disch. for dis. May 30, 1865. Residence, . Pease, William S. Age 21. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Mei'iden, Conn. Pierce, Leander F. Age 19. Springfield. M. Aug. 7, 1862. Died Aug. 17, 1863, Potomac Creek, Va. Porter, John C. Age 19. Bradford. M. July 13, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Rand, Edwin W. Age 20. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Nov. 15, 1861. Residence, . Raymond, George F. Age 25. Boston. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Transferred to Y. R. C. Feb. 6, 1864. Residence, South Boston, Mass. Reinhard, Ferdinand A. Age 18. Dorchester. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Reenlisted January 1, 1864. Practically in all eng. of Co., except while sick in hosp. from spring of 1864 to July, 1865. Exp. July 18, 1865. Residence, Dorchester, Mass. Robinson, William. Age 21. Lowell. M. Aug. 2, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Danville, Vt. HENRY H. GALLOWAY JOHN D. LITTLEHALE ROBERT J, COCHRAN SERGT. HORACE A. SUNBURY SHERMAN W. HUBBARD JOHN MELENFY [Bold Dragoon) ANDREW A. MASON E COMPANY STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 371 JRooD, Henry, Age 19. Springfield. M. Aug. 25, 1862. Deserted Jan. 10, 1863, while on picket, Hartwood Church, Va. Residence, . RowE, Andrew C. Age 40. Cambridge. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. in 1862. Residence, . Ruggles, George H. Age 30. Dorchester. M. Sept. 17, 1861. On detached ser. as Hosp. Steward, Hilton Head. Clerk in Com. Dept., Dumfries. Acting Q. M. Sergt. Giesboro Point. Disch. for dis. Jan. 21, 1864. Residence, Jericho, Mo. Salisbury, George H. Age 26. Pawtucket, R. I. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Reen- listed Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Pawtucket, R. I. Shannon, Daniel. Age 21. Concord. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Wounded through left leg with minie-ball June 17, 1863, Aldie. Eng. Fredericksburg, Brandy Sta- tion, Aldie. Transferred to V. R. C. Jan. 15, 1864. Residence, Washington, D. C. Shepard, Louis J. Age 19. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded in the head and prisoner Jan. 10, 1863, while on reconnoissance near Catlett's Station. In hands of 1st Va. Cav. 3 days ; sent to Libby and nearly starved for 3 mouths, when paroled ; in hosp. 1 month, then rejoined regt. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. *Shephard, Marcus M. Age 19. Dorchester. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded in right thigh June 17, 1863, Aldie. Transferred to V. R. C. Jan. 5, 1864. Spinney, George A. Age 23. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Sprague, William N. Age 44. Douglas. M. Feb. 23, 1864. Disch. for dis. Feb. 6, 1865. Residence, . Stewart, Charles H. Age 21. Haverhill. M. Feb. 5, 1864. Exp. Juue 20, 1865. Residence, . Sturtevant, William H. Age 33. Lowell. M. Jan. 27, 1864. Disch. for dis. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, . Switzer, Almon L. Age 20. Warren. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded in ankle Nov. 27, 1862, Potomac Creek. Eng. James Island, Antietam. Transferred to V. R. C. Sept. 1, 1863. Residence, Hinsdale, N. H. *Telyea, Alfred S. Age 26. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 1861. Thayer, Henry C. Age 34. Randolph. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Randolph, Mass. TowNE, Archie C. Age 22. Nashua, N. H. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Died Nov. 5, 18G2, Hilton Head, S. C. Trussell, Augustus J. Age 23. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Nov. 15, 1861. Residence, . Tucker, William O. Age 18. Hopkinton. M. Dec. 18, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Providence, R. I. Tyler, Albert W. Age 22. Boston. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Detailed in Band. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Washington, D. C. Wales, Charles C. Age 26. Douglas. M. Feb. 23, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . 372 ' FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Waters, Alfred S. Age 18. Springfield. M. Dec. 3, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865. Kesideuce, . Waters, Hexry C. Age 35. Cambridge. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Died May 14, 1864, Washington, D. C. Waters, James. Age 27. Lowell. M. Aug. 3, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Weston, Henry C. Age 26. Hopkinton. M. Sept. 17, 1861. On detached ser. in Band as Band Master. With regt. most of the time. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, Chicago, 111. White, Robert. Age 25. Springfield. M. Aug. 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, . Whiting, Charles H. Age 19. Quincy. M. Sept. 19, 1861. On detached ser. as Acting Com. Sergt. under Gens. Averell and Gregg, Jan. 5, 1863, to Aug. 19, 1864. In all eng. while with Co. Exp. Oct. 3, 1864. Residence, South Boston, Mass. Whittier, Lyman P. Age 22. Haverhill. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Detailed in Band. Died Sept. 8, 1862, Beaufort, S. C. *Whittier, William P. Age 25. Sanbornton, N. H. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Reen- listed Jan. 1, 1864. Disch. for dis. Sept. 23, 1864. WiTHAM, Charles O. Age 31. Falmouth. M. Jan. 27, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . t Deserted from picket, leaving his horse tied in the woods, where it was found eleven days afterward, in a starving condition. COMPANY E. **Flagg, George W. 1st. Sergt. **Phillips, Alton E. 1st. Sergt. **Lyman, Timothy P. Q. M. Sergt. **BuTLER, Horace M. Q. M. Sergt. Regtl. Q. M. Sergt. Brooks, Thomas B. Com. Sergt. Age 18. Blandford. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Unionville, Conn. ***Phillips, Charles O. Com. Sergt. Bellon, Patrick. Sergt. Age 22. Otis. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Deserted Apr. 14, 1864, on furlough. Residence, . Blakelin, Simon. Sergt. Age 23. Charlotte, Me. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Slightly wounded, head and shoulder, with sabre, June 9, 1863, Stevensburg. Pris. Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store ; at Belle Isle and Andersonville 16 mos. ; paroled Apr. 1, 1865. In all eng. of Co. except when pris. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Lawrence, Mass. Carson, James L. Sergt. Age 19. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. In all eng. of Co. from Antietam to exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Torrington, Conn. Dudley, Ezra J. Sergt. Age 23. Blandford. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Missing in action. May 11, 1864. Exp. July 1, 1865. Residence, Falls Village, Conn. **Hayden, Frank W. Sergt. MiXTER, Gilbert L. Sergt. Age .34. Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Pris. Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store ; at Belle Isle Dec. 1, 1863 ; in spring of 1864 taken to Andersonville, where he died July 27, 1864. Ordway, N. P. (Alvin B. Ordway). Sergt. Age 18. Haverhill. M. Oct. 13, 1861. Pris. Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store ; at Belle Isle Dec. 1, 1863 to Mar. 15, 1864, then in Andersonville. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. (Alviu B. enlisted, but N. P. Ord- way served in his place). Residence, Greenland, N. H. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 373 PlNKHAM HoLLis C. Sergfc. Age 25. Boston. M. Oct. 31, 1861. 2d Lieut 2d Mass. Cav. Dec. 29, 1862. 1st Lieut. Mar. 1, 1864. Exp. July 20 1865 Stewart James Sergt. Age 21. Chicopee. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Discli. for dis. Mar. 2b, 1863. Residence, . SUNBURY, Horace A. Sergt. Age 28. S.Reading. M. Oct. 31, 1861. Wounded lett hip and ankle, hept. 16, 1862, Antietani. Reenlisted Dec. 19, 1863. Serfft ri ^'J^v* T P^f tically in all eng. of regt. to Nov. 9, 1864, when pro. 2d Lieut." 61st M. V. I. ; 1st Lieut. Mar. 16, 1865. Exp. July 16, 1865. Residence, Chelsea, Mass. Walton, Solox. Sergt. Age 31. S. Reading. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Corp De- tailed in Band. Exp. Sept. 18, 1864. ^ Residence, Greenwood, Mass. White William O. Sergt. Age 24. Springfield. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Corp lipQ 1? • 1 'c: '''' Pio»f I- two yrs. Wounded, right knee, by shell Sept. IL 1863, Rapidan Sta. In all eng. of Co. to exp., Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Holyoke, Mass. ^-^""To?; ^''"'' ^- ^^^St- H^ 26. Shutesbury. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Exp. Nov. Residence, . Wiley, Augustus T. Sergt. Age 29. S. Reading. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Killed dune y, ISbJ, Stevensburg. "^""ioTq'pS'''^?'' ^; ^''"P- ^^^^^- Bl»ehill, Me. M. Dec.3,186L Corp. Mar. fti r ; J"."^ /T,°^ ^°- *''^ ^^''^''- ^°^ f^^^- J""« ^> 1863. Enlisted iu Co. I, 61st regt. M. V. I. Feb. 2, 1865. Exp. July 16, 1865. Residence, St. Regis' Falls, N. Y. ^""TT^iST^i^- ^,'''"P.- .^^"^ ^'^- Winchendon. M. Mar. 30, 1864. Orderly Vfi Vr! T ^^^^"^"^^2,^ ^ y'-ll- Wounded in left arm and side (minie ball) Sept. iVf r V r"i?^"^ ^°''''^- T^" Pri»«ipal e»g- of Co. during term of enlist- ment. C«n^- I^eb I860 Exp. June 26, 1865. Enlisted in Co. H, 53d regt. M. V. I. Oct. 8, 1862. Exp. Sept. 2, 1863. " Residence, Cavendish, Vt. *^FeTT9 f«Vr% -^T- o^'J?- Vi"Sfi<^W- M. Oct. 9, 1861. Reenlisted i^eb. 22, 1864. Pns. June 9, 1864. Exp. June 6, 1865. Greer John B. Corp. Age 23, Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 186L Horse shot and fell causing injury, pns. Sept. 5, 1862, Poolesville ; paroled and returned to regt. same mght. Disch. for dis. Jan. 9, 1863. Residence, Springfield, Mass. *"DeT^q ^RC^'^'l ^- T^^'^o if^' ^^^ ^^"^"P^"" ^- ^"^^ ^^ 1862. Reenlisted uec. z\), l»b3. Exp. June 2, 1865. ^^"^J'p^^^^'^-r^-^ Corp. Age 37. Boston. M. Oct. 27, 1861. Pris. Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . °5\?6o^PnT''^-, ^^"^-v^^^^^- SP^i"fffi«l-^ , , -r tonn ^ Bellew, Robert. Age 21. Springfield. M. Aug. 16, 1862. Orderly June, 1863 to Oct., 1864. In all eng. with Co. from Nov., 1862, to Oct., 1864. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Philadelphia, Penn. -r^. , . o/> Bemis, Reuben S. Age 23. Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Died Aug. 26, 1862, Acquia Creek. , -rx o,^ ,o/>< Booth, John. Age 40. Chicopee. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Deserted Dec. 26, 1861. I\.bsicIgiicg . Bookers, Isaac. Age 21. Greenfield. M. Jan. 23, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . „ . t • • j BowKER, William. Age 20. Winchendon. M. INLarch 26, 1864. Leg injured Sept. 19, 1864 (horse being killed and falling on it). In eng. at Cedar Creek and most of those in Shenandoah Valley with 2d Mass. Cav. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Cavendish, Vt. Boyle, Patrick. Age 32. Enfield. M. Feb. 23, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. I^GsidGIlCG, ■ ■ ■, Bradford, Euas F. Age 24. Conway. ]\L Aug. 12, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie; paroled Aug. 1, 1863. Reenlisted Dec. 22, 1863. Practically in eng. of Co. till April, 1864. Exp. Juue 26, 1865. Detailed at K Hosp. April 16, 1864, to Oct. 8, 1864. Residence, Conway, Mass. AMASA C. MORSE jARIUS H. SHAW FARNHUM SCUTHWICK HOSF i I TWAVt p SlRGT. WILLIAM O. WHITE STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 375 Breckinbridge, Charles A. Age 22. Waterbury, Vt. M. Sept. 18, 18C1. Reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Meriden, Conn. BuGBY, Franklin A. Age 31. Springfield. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Exp. Jan. 28, 1863. BuLLARD, William H. Age 23. Buckland. M. Feb. 10, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Burke, Edward. Age 26. Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Deserted July 26, 1864 ; tried by C. M. ; sentence remitted. Deserted May 28, 1865, camp near Arlington Heights. Residence, . Butler, Marcus. Age 42. Chester. M. Dec. 8, 1863. Right knee badly injured by fall from mule, while on detached ser. as teamster June 10, 1864, Fredericksburg. In Stanton liosp. 6 mos. ; in Chestnut Hill hosp. at close of war. Exp. June 27, 1865. Residence, Otis, Mass. Carpenter, James W. Age 25. Roxbury. M. Oct. 11, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Thrown from horse ; slightly injured, Poolesville. In most eng. of regt. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Boston Highlands, Mass. Chandler, Cornelius. Age 27. Longmeadow. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Detailed in Band. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . Chase, Franklin. Age 24. Biddeford, Me. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Orderly Doc, 1861, to Aug., 1862, under Q. M. Knight. Wounded in hand, neck, side (sabre, gunshot, rupture), Sept. 15, 1863, near Culpeper. Pris. while on picket there and sent to hosp. No. 12, and Belle Isle ; pris. about 4 mos. Eng. Antietam, Peters- burg, Ogdensburg. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Montreal, P. Q. Can. Childs, Alphonzo F. Age 21. Springfield. M. Aug. 30, 1862. Pris. May 11, 1864, on Sheridan's Raid. Died Aug. 20, 1864, Andei'sonville. Church, William II. Age 19. Boston. M. Sept. 29, 1862. Pris. Nov. 29, 1863. Parker's Store ; at Belle Isle, Dec. 1, 1863, then taken to Andersonville, where he died, June 17, 1864. Clarey, James W. Age 22. Stockbridge. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Pris. Deep Bot- tom. Died Oct. 6, 1864, Andersonville. Clark, Wallace S. Age 21. Northampton. M. Aug. 25, 1864. Exp. May 8, 1865. Residence, . *Cloughlin, Robert. Age 24. Southwick. M. Jan. 9, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. Cochran, Robert J. Age 22. Ilolyoke. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Orderly under Gen. Hooker, 1864. Practically in ail eng. of Co. to exp., Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Tower City, No. Dakota. Cole, Daniel D. Age 21. Barre. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Barre, Mass. COLTON, Edgar S. Age 25. Longmeadow. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Wounded in right shoulder, and missing, June 17, 1863, Aldie. Transferred to Invalid C. Mar. 4, 1864. Residence, . COOMES, James M. Age 38, Longmeadow. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Paroled July 21 - Aug. 13, 1863. Pris. Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store ; at Belle Isle Dec. 1, 1863; in Andersonville, spring of 1864, where he died. May 4, 1864. Cooley, John M. Age 22. Springfield. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Wounded in action Aug. 1, 1863. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . 376 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Cook, William O. Age 21. Leydeu. M. Jan. 22, 1SG4. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Boston, Mass. Crane, David. Age 20. Rehoboth. M. Aug. 26, 1864. Exp. May 8, 1865. Residence, . Cronin, Patrick. Age 29. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Crosby, William B. Age 47. Springfield. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Discli. for dis. Sept. 1, 1862. Residence, . CuRRAN, Cornelius. Age 29. Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Discb. for dis. Jan. 8, 1863. Residence, . *CuRLEY, Edward. Age 18. Cambridge. M. Dee. 15, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Curtis, William P. Age 26. S. Danvers. M. Feb. 8, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Day, Henry F. Age 19. Boston. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Discb. for dis. Sept. 1, 1862. Residence, . Degencing, Jacob. Age 21. Boston. M. Mar. 12, 1864. Exp. July 17, 1865. Residence, . Doherty, Patrick. Age 35. Cambridge. M. Dec. 11, 1863. Exp. June 8, 1865. Residence, . Donovan, Dennis. Age 18. Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . *DuLY, Melville. Age 41. Cbicopee. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Easton, Ralph. Age 24. Westfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . Edwards, Samuel W. Age 38. Westbampton. M. Sept. 3, 1864. Exp. May 8, 1865. Residence, . Erhart, John G. Age 23. Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Discb. for dis. June 3, 1862. XvGSKlGnCG — — , Evans, Henry A. Age 27. Dorchester. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Died Oct. 14, 1862, Mt. Pleasant bosp., Wasbington, D. C. Fowler, Edwin F. Age 25. Deerfield. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Greenfield, Mass. Fuller, William S. Age 24. Springfield. M. Aug. 19, 1862. Died Jan. 10, 1863, Annapolis, Md. Galloway, Henry H. Age 19. Eastbampton. M. July 28, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Galencia, Perley. Age 22. S. Danvers. M. Feb. 8, 1864. Wounded tbrougb neck (minie-ball) June 28, 1864, near Malvern Hill. On detacbed ser. at Cav. Corral winter of 1864-65 under Lieut. Stone. In eng. of Co. till wounded. Exp. June 26, 1865. Enlisted 17tb Regt. M. Y. I. July 22, 1861. Discb. for dis. July 11, 1862. 5tb Regt. M. V. I. Sept. 16, 1862. Exp. July 2, 1863. Residence, So. Peabody, Mass. *Gardner, James. Age 26. Cambridge. M. Dec. 10, 1863. Discb. for dis. Aug. 10, 1865. *Garvin, William. Age 30. Springfield. M. Sept. 30, 1862. Wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Transferred to V. R. C. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 377 Gates, Horace. Age 30. Ludlow. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Transferred to V. R. C. Sept. 8, 1863. Residence, . Goodman, Charles S. Age 19. Springfield. M. Aug. 18, 1862. Reenlisted Feb. 12, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . GoucH, George. Age 39. Springfield. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Transferred to V. R. C. Nov. 20, 1863. RosiciGncG ■ Gove, Charles F. Age 27. Concord. M. Oct. 27, 1863. Exp. July 14, 1865. Residence, . Gove, Frederick H. Age 25. Springfield. M. Jan. 22, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. X\i6SIQ.BIlC6 -^■^—~— *Graves, Charles F. Aje 24. Springfield. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Gray, Hiram A. Age 25. Conway. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Detailed in band. Pris. May 2, 1863, Ely's Ford ; at Belle Isle two weeks. In principal eng. of Co. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, New Haven, Conn. Hackett, Jeremiah. Age 35. Lawrence. M. July 6, 1864. Disch. for dis. June 15, 1865. Residence, . Hall, Eliphalet L. Age 18. Conway. M. Aug. 15, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . *Harding, Baxter. Age 27. Conway. M. Aug. 15, 1862. Detailed in band. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Harding, Tyler. Age 21. Conway. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Orderly June, 1862, Beaufort, S. C, under Gen. Brennan. Clerk at Brig. Commissary's Jan. to June, 1863. Clerk for Regtl. Q. M. Jan. to Apr., 1864. Clerk at Div. Hdqrs., to Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. In principal eng. of Co. Residence, Des Moines, Iowa. Haselton, Hollis B. Age 21. Roxbury. M. Mar. 31, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Herman, John Martin. Age 21. Buckland. M. Jan. 30, 1864. Exp. July 17, 1865. Residence, •. HiGGixs, John. Age 27. Springfield. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Eng. Poolesville, Au- tietam. Disch. for dis. Nov. 17, 1862. Residence, . HiNES, Patrick H. Age 19. Holyoke. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Pris. May 3, 1863, Ely's Ford ; at Belle Isle. Paroled June 10, 1863. Wounded through chest, Nov. 27, 1863, Mine Run. Practically in all eng. of Co. to exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Walpole, Mass. HoGAN, Thomas. Age 28. Northampton. M. Sept. 1, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie ; paroled July 21-Aug. 13. Transferred to V. R. C. Mar. 7, 1864. Residence, . HoLLE, Gottlieb. Age 26. Deerfield. M. Jan. 27, 1864. Ex-p. June 26, 1865. Residence, New Britain, Conn. HoRRiGAN, Arthur. Age 31. South wick. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Killed Sept. 14, 1863, Rapidan Station. Howe, Edward R. Age 42. Beverly. M. July 21, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Hubbard, Sherman W. Age 30. Boston. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. Oct. 2, 1862. Residence, Springfield, Mass. 378 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Jetter, William. Age 20. Greenfield. M. Jan. 28, 1864. Sent to front on ob- servation, May 9, 1804, never seen after. KiBBE, Curtis L. Age 28. Otis. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Died July 10, 1863, on furlough from liosp. KiBBE, Harlow 13. Age 39. Palmer. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. for dis. Feb. 14, 1864. Residence, . *KiDDER, George II. Age 27. Saugus. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Dee. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. *KiNG, Francis E. Age 21. Springfield. M. Aug. 7, 1862. Wounded in left hand and thigh (rifle-ball), July 10, 1863, Jones' Cross Roads. Eng. Aldie, Get- tysburg. Transferred to V. R. C. Apr. 24, 1864. Knatt, Christian. Age 25. Greenfield. M. Jan. 30, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Shelburne Falls, Mass. Lane, William. Age 27. Springfield. M. Sept. 17, 1864. Exp. June 8, 1865. Residence, . Lincoln, Sherlock H. Age 43. Warren. M. Dec. 9, 1861. Eng. with Co. till disch. for dis. Nov. 19, 1862. Residence, Plainfield, Mass. LiTTLEHALE, JoHN D. Age 18. Tvngsboro. M. Feb. 20, 1864. Wounded througli left shoulder (rifle-ball) May 11, 1864, Ashland, Ya. Eng. Wilderness, Sheridan's Raid to Richmond. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Fitchburg, Mass. LocKLiNG, Joel M. Age 28. Lowell. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Pris. Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store ; at Belle Isle, Dec. 1, 1863 ; in spring of 1864 taken to Andcrson- ville, where he died May 17, 1864. Lyon, Charles H. Age 21. Danvers. M. Oct. 26, 1863. Killed May 11, 1864, Ashland Va. Markle, Balthas. Age 23. Deerfield. M. Jan. 27, 1864. Wounded in leg, Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem Pllank Road. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Mason, Andrew A. Age 44. Boston. M. Aug. 1, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Killed May 11, 1864, Ashland, Va. McGray, Eugene T. Age 24. Springfield. M. Aug. 4, 1862. Wounded (toe amputated) July 10, 1803, Jones' Cross Roads, Va. Transferred to V. R. C. April 24, 1864. Residence, . McCoLLESTER, Nelson. Age 32. Holyoke. M. Sept. 18, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1S64, Residence, Holjoke, Mass. *McGowEN, Daniel. Age 35. Pawtucket, R. I. M. Oct. 2, 1861. Disch. for dis. April 4, 1864, from Augur Gen. Hosp. McGrail, John. Age 23. Boston. M. Oct. 13, 1861. Disch. for dis. Jan. 5, 1864. Residence, . McNamara, Thomas. Age 19. Brighton. M. Oct. 13, 1861. Disch. for dis. Sept. 17, 1862. Residence, Allston, Mass. Melenfy, John. Age 25. Warehouse Pt., Conn. M. Sept. 18, 1862. Severely wounded in right hip (rifle-ball) Jan. 8, 1863, Frede ricksburg. In all eng. of Co. to exp., Nov. 7, 1864, (Known in Co. as "The Bold Dragoon.") Residence, Collinsville, Mass. Merton, Henry. Age 20. Springfield. M. Jan. 2, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1805. Residence, . *Miller, AVilliam. Age 39. Chicopee. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1803. Exp. June 26, 1865. Miller, Daniel G. Age 31. Chicopee. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 379 Miles, Roger. Age 39. Boston. M. Oct. 13, 1861. Disch. for dis. Oct. 3, 1862. Residence, . Montague, Thomas A. Age 21. Buckland. M. Feb. 10, 1864. Co. Clerk Feb. 15, 1864. Regtl. Clerk Nov. 1864, to exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Worcester, Mass. Morse, Amasa C. Age — . Springfield. M. Aug. 20, 1862. Wounded in left side and prisoner June 17, 1863, Aldie ; at Winchester four weeks. Eng. Stevens- burg, Aldie. Disch. for dis. 'Oct. 27, 1863. Residence, Springfield, Mass. *]SrEARY, Patrick. Age 23. Lowell. M. Nov. 30, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Owens, Patrick. Age 21. Palmer. M. Oct. 6, 1861. Wounded accidentally April 24, 1863. Exp. Oct. 5, 1864. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Page, Charles K. Age 31. Lowell. M. Oct. 19, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, — — . Parker, Henry H. Age 20. Southampton. M. Feb. 24, 1864. Deserted July 26, 1864. Residence, . *Pasho, Gardner. Age 18. Billerica. M. Dec. 9, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Perkins, Joseph. Age 32. Waltham. M. Jan. 18, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Phelps, Charles S. i\ge 34. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Disch. for dis. Jan. 5, 1864. Residence, . *Pickins, Silas D. Age 32. Lakeville. M. Aug. 19, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Pierce, Henry N. Age 30. Lowell. M. Sept. 3, 1864. Disch. for dis. Mar. 8, 1865. Residence, . Pinkney, Asberry C. Age 37. Springaeld. M. Jan. 22, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . PuRCELL, Philip. Age 25. Northampton. M. Oct. 31, 1861. On detached ser. as Pro. Gd. under Capt. Ford. Pris. Dec. 12, 1863, while on detail as Ord. for Engineers ; at Richmond, Belle Isle, Andersonville, 16 mos. Paroled April 1, 1865. All eng. of Co. except while pris. Exp. May 22, 1865. Residence, Providence, R. I. Putnam, Charles H. Age 25. Springfield. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Died July 3, 1863, Springfield, Mass. Putnam, Charles H. Age 30. S. Danvers. M. Jan. 28, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Lynnfield, Mass. Quirk, Martin J. Age 18. Boston. M. Jan. 13, 1864. Pris. May 11, 1804, Ashland. Died Mar. 21, 1865, Andersonville. Ragen, Cornelius. Age 18. Weymouth. M. Nov. 4, 1863. Exj). June 26, 1865. Residence, Dedham, Mass. Raymond, Frederick M. Age 19. W. Springfield. M. Feb, 29, 1864. Pris. May 11, 1864, Ashland. Died Mar. 5, 1865, Millen, Ga. Remington, Orin D. Age 24. Conway. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . Remmington, Robert A. Age 29. Springfield. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Pris. Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store ; at Belle Isle Dec. 1, 1803 ; in spring of 1864 taken to Andersonville, where he died July 26, 1864. Richards, Marshall N. Age 22. Greenwich. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie ; escaped same night. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Detailed to go with Pres. Lincoln to Richmond and Petersburg. In principal eng. of Co. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Hardwick, Mass. 380 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Roach, Patrick. Age 21. Cambridge. M. Jan. 19, 18G4. Wounded in side and leg July 28, 1864, New Market. Disch. for dis. Dec. 28, 1864. Residence, . Sampson, Robert. Age 35. Dennis. M. Jan. 18, 1864. Transferred to Navy April 23, 1864. Residence, . Scott, Henry E. Age 22. Springfield. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Scout to Gen. Averell in 1862. Pris. Dec. 20, 1862, near Warrenton ; in Libby ; paroled Jan. 6, 1863. Disch. for dis. (caused by injury received when captured) Feb. 17, 1863. Residence, Worcester, Mass. Seari.e, George E. Age 32. Westfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Searles, James H. Age 21. Andover. M. Nov. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Shaw, Jarius H. Age 41. Lakeville. M. Aug. 19, 1862. Pris. Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store ; escaped by taking pris. the captor. Reenhsted Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Middleboro, Mass. Sheldon, James H. Age 25. Deerfield. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Deerfield, Mass. Sheer an, John. Age 24. Greenfield. M. Mar. 15, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . SiZER, JuDSON S. Age 18. Blandford. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Wounded in thigh Oct. 12, 1863, Sulphur Sp. Exp. Oct. 14, 1864. Residence, Kearney, Neb. Skinner, Gustavus F. D. Age 36. S. Reading. M. Feb. 29, 1864. Exp. July 5, 1865. Residence, ■ . *Sleeper, George W. Age 18. Winchendon. M. June 25, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Small, Joseph W. Age 39. Monson. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Rejected Oct. 24, 1861. Residence, Smith, Lewis. Age 36. Springfield. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Disch. for dis. Mar. 6, 1863. Residence, . Smith, Lucius. Age 36. Springfield. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Disch. for dis. Jan. 29, 1863. Residence, . Smythe, Matthew W. Age 44. Waltham. M. Dec. 31, 1864. Exp. June £6, 1865. Residence, SouTHWiCK, Farnhum. Age 22. Springfield. M. Aug. 16, 1862. On Provost duty, Gen. Gregg and Davies' hdqrs. Jan., 1864, to exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Springfield, Mass. Spear, Joseph F. Age 30. Shutesbury. M. Dec. 26, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 28, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1861 Residence, . Stearns, Henry A. Age 25. Conway. M. Aug. 11, 1862. In all eng. of Co. to exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Conway, Mass. Steiniiart, John W. Age 20. Charlestown. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Pris. Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store ; at Belle Isle Dec. 1, 1803, taken to Andersonville in spring of 1864 ; died at Florence, S. C, Oct. 27, 1864. E COMPANY STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 381 Sullivan, John. Age 19. Charlestown. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Disch. for clis. Oct. 20, 1862. Residence, Santa Cruz, Cal. Sumner, E. Otis. Age 40. Dorchester. M. Oct. 15, 1861. Severely wounded in chest May 28, 1864, near Chickahoniiny Riv., Sheridan's Raid. Died of wounds May 31, 1864. *SvvEETSER, John E. Age 22. S. Reading. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Mar. 25, 1863. Thayer, Hosea L. Age 20. Plainfield. M. Dec. 16, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Practically in all eng. of Co. Exp. June 29, 1865. Residence, Ruxbury, Mass. TiLTOX, Ukorge F. Age 21. Conway. M. Aug. 5, 1862. Wounded in hip Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store. Died of wounds Dec. 21, 1863, Alexandria. Tilling AST, William H. Age 37. Dedham. M. Dec. 11, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Wounded in abdomen July 28, 1864, New Market. Died of wounds Aug. 31, 1864. Twiss, Charles H. Age 18. S. Scituate. M. Sept. 2, 1864. Exp. May 8, 1865. Residence, Beverly Mass. *Vial, Edward W. Age 33. Pawtucket, R. I. M. Oct. 3, 1861. Transferred to Indt. Batt. Sept. 12, 1862, as Hosp. Steward. Thrown from horse at Olustee, caus- ing internal injuries. Exp. Oct. 5, 1864, as Hosp. Steward of 4th Mass. Cav. VOETSCH, Amundus. Age 25. Greenfield. M. Jan. 27, 1864. Wounded in neck Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem Plank Road. Exp. June 28, 1865. Residence, Turner's Falls, Mass. Webster, Luther. Age 32. Springfield. M. Jan. 21, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Wells, Henry H. Age 19. Greenfield. M. Mar, 15, 1864. Wounded May 5, 1864, Todd's Tav. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Whittemore, Thomas. Age 43. Chelsea. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Mar. 4, 1863. Residence, • Wiley, Albert S. Age 28. S. Reading. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Wounded through right lung and pris. Sept. 5, 1862, Poolesville ; paroled on field. Disch. for dis. Nov. 19, 1862. Reenlisted Feb. 29, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Wakefield, Mass. Wilder, Henry J. Age 21. Conway. M. Sept. 18, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Wounded in left breast July 30, 1864. Lee's Mills. Died of wounds July 31, 1864. Wilton, William B. Age 18. S. Scituate. M. Sept. 2, 1864. Exp. May 8, 1865. Residence, . Worthington, Ransford, Jr. Age 34. Agawam. M. Oct. 4, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Agawam, Mass. Wright, William. Age 20. Saugus. M. Dec. 9, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . 382 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. COMPANY F. Smith, William H. 1st Sergt. Age 22. Holyoke. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reeuiisted Dec. 26, 1863. Abounded iii arm and breast'(riile-ball) Oct. 1, 1861, Vaughn R., Va. In all eng. of Co. Exp. June 26, 1865, as 1st Sergt. in Co. E. Residence, St. Armand, P. Q. Canada. Ross, James C. 1st Sergt. Age 26. Boston. M. Oct. 5, 1861 (reduced to ranks). Transferred to Co. H. and pro. 1st Segt. **Gleason, Daniel H. L. 1st Sergt. Transferred from Co. G. **Clark, Duett C. 1st Sergt. Pease, Vashni H. Q. M. Sergt. Age 27. Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Com. Sergt. Oct. 10, 1861. Q. M. Sergt. Mar., 1863. Reenlisted Dec. 28, 1863. Regtl. Q. M. Sergt. June 19, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Sixteen Acres, Mass. Hyde, I:dwin O. Com. Sergt. Age 23. Southampton. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Corp. Nov. 1, 1861 ; Sergt. Nov. 4, 1861 ; Com. Sergt. Sept. 15, 1862. Wounded slightly iu right shoulder, Aug. 19, 1864, Deep Bottom. Wounded severelv in right thigh Aug. 23, 1864, Weldon R. R. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Practically in all eng. of Co. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. E. as Com. Sergt. Residence, Charlestown, Mass. Lloyd, Francis M. Sergt. Age 21. Boston. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864, as absent sick. Residence, . Lloyd, James F. Sergt. Age 25. Springfield. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1803. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. E. Residence, . **LoMBARD, Francis O. Sergt. Nevins, Joseph. Sergt. Age 26. Monson. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Prls. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Dec. 27, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. E. as Sergt. Residence, . Newall, Bernard. Sergt. Age 27. Greenfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Killed July 28, 1864, Newmarket. Prescott, Cy R. Sergt. Age 21. Chicopee. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Wounded iu thigh May (5 to 14), 1864, Wilderness. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. E. as Sergt. Residence, . Brooks, Preston V. B. Corp. Age 21. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, iu Co. E. as Corp. Residence, Cuttingsville, Vt. Sampson, Ichabod. Corp. Age 31. Medford. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Wounded in right leg (ritle-ball) May 11, 1864, Ashland. In all eng. of Co. till wounded. Exp. Oct. 16, 1864. Residence, Pembroke, Me. RowE, Jacob F. Corp. Age 30. Springfield. M. Aug. 4, 1802. Reenlisted Feb. 0, 1864. Fracture of fibula, Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem Plank Road. Exp. June 17, 1865, as Corp. in Co. E. Residence, . Rouse, John D. Corp. Age 19. Pittsfield. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Exp. Sept. 18, 1864. Residence, . Woodbury, George E. Corp. Age 28. Boston. M. Nov. 1, 1861. Orderly in Sept., 1862, under Gen. II. B. Sargent. Wounded in abdomen Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. In all eng. of Co. till transferred to U. S. Signal Corps, Apr., 1864. Residence, Brockton, Mass. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 383 Hanson, John G. Bugi. Age 22. Boston. Transferred from Co. G. Exp. Sept. 24, 18G4. Residence, . SissoN, William H. Bugl. Age 22. Holyoke. M. Aug. 11, 18G2. Slightly wounded in left arm by piece of shell, Sept. 14, 1863, Rapidan. Oct., 1863, severely injured by fall from horse (never recovered). Sent to Hosp. Giesboro Pt. Clerk of Court Mar. winter of 1862-63, Warrenton. In all eng. of Co. from Fredericksburg to Auburn (inclusive). Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Cornish Flat, N. H. Wentworth, Watson L. Bugl. Age 18. Chlcopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Reen- listed Dec. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. E. as Bugl. Residence, . *Weston, Frank J. Bugl. Age 19. Chicopee. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Exp. Sept. 18, 1864. *GiRARD, James S. Blacksmith. Age 41. Boston. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Reen- listed Dee. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 186-5, in Co. E. as Blacksmitli. Couch, Daniel B. JSad. Age 18. Conway. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Severely wounded in abdomen, June 17, 1863, Aldie ; also sabre cut on head and shoulder. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. On detached ser. at Dismounted Camp, City Point, under Maj. Tucker, June, 1864, to Mar., 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865, iu Co. E. as Sad. Residence, Concordia, Kan. McGregor, Alexander M. Sad. Age 30. Boston. M. Oct. 22, 1861. Exp. Jan. 2, 1864, to reenlist. (See Co. G.) Folsom, Stephen G. Wag. Age 40. Chicopee. M. Oct. 31, 1861. Reenlisted. Dec. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. E. as Wag. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. *Abbey, Abner M. Age 21. Chicopee. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Abell, George A. Age 23. Conway. M. Aug. 1, 1862. On detached ser. as teamster, July, 1863, to Jan., 1864. Pris. Oct. 24, 1863, near Bealton Station ; escaped at midnight, Oct. 26 ; severely injured by kick of horse Oct. 9, 1864. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864 (on detached service in Band). Residence, Meriden, Conn. Allen, Louis S. Age 22. Blandford. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . *Armitage, James W. Age 21. Chicopee. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Transferred to V. R. C. Apr. 1, 1863. Babcock, Addison M. Age 28. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . Babcock, Livingston. Age 26. Springfield. M. Aug. 20, 1862. Missing in action in 1863. Residence, . *Bannister, William, Age 22. Lowell. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. Nov. 28, 1862. Barden, Joel. Age 43. Chicopee. M. Aug. 14, 1862. Transferred to V. R. C. Sept. 1, 1863. Residence, Diamond Hill, R. I. Beals, Joseph. Conway. M. Aug. 8, 1862. On detached ser. as baker under Dr. J. L. Panerass, Nov. 1, 1863. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Goshen, Mass. Bement, Emory H. Age 21. Conway. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . Bickford, Thomas. Age 23. Boston. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Deserted Dec. 3, 1861. Residence, . Blake, Joseph W. Age 27. Lee. M. Oct. 10, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 27, 1863. Transferred to U. S. Stmr. Sabine, Apr. 28, 1864. Exp. Sept. 21, 1865. Residence, Monterey, Mass. 384 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Blanchard, Isaac C. Age 37. Huntington. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Sept. 13, 1862. Residence, . Bush, Aaron V. Age 28. Lincoln, Vt. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Wounded in arm and body Oct. 12, 1863, Sulphur Sp. Died of wounds Nov. 21, 1863. BusHEE, Francis A. Age 21. Chicopee. M. Sept. 14, 1801. Acting Corp. Wounded, pris., and died in prison. May 11, 1864, Ashland, Va. Cannon, Franklin L. Age 23. Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 1801. Wounded in arm (sabre), 1862. On detached ser.. Convalescent Camp, Va., till disch. Feb. 13, 1863. Reenlisted Dec. 22, 1803, in Co. L. 2d H. A. Exp. Sept. 3, 1865. Residence, Blandford, Mass. Chapman, Charles T. Age 21. Pittsfield. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1803, Aldie. Died Aug. 28, 1863, Annapolis. Collins, Horace R. R. Age 33. Belchertown. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. Feb. 4, 1863. Residence, West Mansfield, Mass. Connair, George W. Age 42. Boston. M. Dec. 23, 1863. Exp. May 26, 1865. (See Co. G.) Residence, . CooLEY, Lyman A. Age 21. Palmer. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Deserted Dec. 25, 1861. Residence, . CoPELAND, Charles R. Age 40. Huntington. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. for dis. Feb. 13, 1863. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Cowles, John S. Age 21. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. E. Residence, Hartford, Conn. Crafts, Preston C. Age 27. Charlestown. M. Aug. 7, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Charlestown, Mass. Davenport, Benjamin F. Age 27. Holyoke. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Received spinal and internal injuries, by fall of horse, May 11, 1864. In husp., Washington, May 25, 1864, till disch. Feb. 3, 1865. Transferred to V. R. C. Jan. 10, 1865. Residence, South Hadlev Falls, Mass. Day, Eben. Age 44. Cambridge. M. Nov. 27, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Doherty, Neal. Age 23. Boston. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Killed Aug. 18, 1864, Malvern Hill. Dunham, John M. Age 19. Springfield. M. Aug. 18, 1862. Pris. Oct. 14, 1863, Auburn, Va. Oct. 1867, no further record in Washington. Residence, . Easterbrooks, James E. Age 39. Worcester. M. Oct. 10, 1861. Wounded May 11, 1864, Ashland. Died of wounds, July 21, 1864, in hosp. Point Lookout. Felch, Joseph E. Age 27. Springfield. M. Aug. 13, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. AVounded in right knee (rifle-ball), and left leg broken (in a cliarge). May 11, 1864, Ashland. Sent to hosp. Point Lookout ; sick with black measles while there. All eng. of Co. to time of wounds. Exp. July 18, 1865, in Co. E. Residence, Epping, N. H. Ferry, Charles H. Age 23. Huntington. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . FiLLEY, William A. Age 30. Huntington. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Disch. for dis. Jan. 13, 1863. XvGSlQ.GriC6 • FiLLEY, George W. Age 29. Dedham. M. Oct. 10, 1861. Detailed in regtL band, Nov. 21, 1861. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864, in Co. H. Residence, Waterville, Kan. JOSEPH E. STACKPOLE WILLIAM E. STEWART F COMPANY STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 385 Finn, John. Age 22. Wiuthrop. M. Mar. 21, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . *FiSKE, John M. Age 26. HoUiston. M. Aug. 19, 1862. Severely wounded in spine Oct. 20, 1862, Washington ; also May 27, 1864, Emmon's Church. Detailed in band April, 1863. In principal eng. of regt. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. (Entirely helpless for years from diseases contracted in service.) Flynn, Dennis. Age 18. Roxbury. M. Mar. 24, 1864. Exp. June 9, 1865. Residence, . Ford, Stephen. Age 23. Greenfield. M. Feb. 29, 1864. Wounded in arm Aug. 14, 1864, Malvern Hill. Transferred to V. R. C. Residence, . Frost, Daniel W. Age 39. Springfield. M. Aug. 5, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. E. Residence, Springfield, Mass. Gamwell, Herbert. Age 26. Chicopee. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Deserted, Dec. 15, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Gardiner, Charles H. Age 21. Huntington. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. for dis. April 11, 1863. Residence, . Gardiner, Seymour. Age 18. Dalton. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, St. Louis, Mo. Gary, James H. Age 25. Gill. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. for dis. April 11, 1863. Residence, . *Gillman, Caleb G. Age 38. Peru, Penn. M. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for dis. Mar. 24, 1863. Goodale, John. Age 28. Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. June 15, 1864. Residence, Hartford, Conn. **Gorham, George W. Age 43. Holyoke. Gordon, Thomas A. Age 37. Medford. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . Goss, Elisha W. Age 22. Longmeadow. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. Feb. 5, 1863. Residence, . Hart, Daniel C. Age 28. Springfield. M. Aug. 4, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. In principal eng. of regt. till exp., June 26, 1865, in Co. E. Residence, Springfield, Mass. Hayden, James M. Age 21. Boston. M. Mar. 7, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . *nAYES, Michael. Age 30. Springfield. M. Aug. 2, 1864. Disch. for dis. May 6, 1865. Henry, Michael. Age 23. Salem. M. July 14, 1864. Disch. for dis. June 5, 1865. Residence, . Hillery, William C. Age 30. Dedhara. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Disch. for dis. Jan. 13, 1863. Residence, . House, Edwin J. Age 21. Boston. M. Mar. 7, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Hoyt, Franklin R. Age 25. Moire, N. Y. M. Oct. 10, 1861. Exp. Oct. 10, 1864. Residence, . Hubbard, Albion F. Age 18. Conway. M. Aug. 15, 1862. Died June 20, 1863, Washington, D. C. Hull, William H. Age 21. Pittsfield. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. E. Residence, . 386 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Hunt, Alfred J. Age 31. Lee. M. Sept. 25, 18G1. Disch. for dis. Feb. 11, 1863. Residence, Great Barrington, Mass. Hunt, Andrew J. Age 26. Cliicopee. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Acting Corp. On de- tached ser. as Ord., 1862, under Col. Morrow, Beaufort, S. C, and Geuls. Hum- phrey, Tyler, Hooker, Army of Potomac. In eng. of regt. to Wilderness, when sent to iiosp. Harper's Ferry. Afterward Ward-master in hosp., Baltimore, till exp. Sept. 14, 1864. Residence, Claremont, N. H. Ingraham, Henry B. Age 21. Conway. M. Aug. 14, 1861. Wounded in head and right arm, and pris. May 11, 1864, Ashland ; in rebel hosp., Richmond, till Aug. 22, 1864, when paroled and sent to Annapolis. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Holyoke, Mass. Jackson, John W. Age 23. Conway. M. Aug. 1, 1862. Exp. Xov. 11, 1864. Residence, Buchanan, Mich. Kean, Henry. Age 18. Taunton. M. Nov. 1, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Woburn, Mass. KiRKLAND, John. Age 25. Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Died Dec. 23, 1862, Baltimore. Kneeland, Edward S. Age 22. Springfield. M. Aug. 20, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Ex]!. June 26, 1865. Residence, Springfield, Mass. Lamphier, John. Age 19. Chester, Vt. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Deserted Dec. 15, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Lane, Julius M. Age 33. Chicopee. M. Aug. 9, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864, as absent. Residence, Chicopee, Mass. *Lasor, Sanford W. Age 28. Lowell. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Transferred to V. R. C. Nov. 13, 1863 ; Corp. Co. 57, 2d Batt. Disch. Sept. 13, 1864. *Lee, Joseph. Age 26. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Exp. June 17, 1865. LooMis, Chester C. Age 23. Springfield. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864, as absent. Residence , Lucas, Stephen. Age 29. Palmer. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Sept. 13, 1864. XvGSlQ.GnCC . ■, *Lynde, Charles. Age 31. Templeton. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Lyons, James. Age 24. Newton. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. RcsiclGiicG - , Maloney, John. Age 18. Boston. M. Oct. 10, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent. Residence, Fitchburg, Mass. Mason, George. Age 40. Northfield. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . Massey, Richard A. (See Co. H.) McFarland, Daniel W. Age 27. Gardner. M. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for dis. Sept. 11, 1862. Residence, Norfolk, Mass. Miller, John T. Age 27. Boston. M. Mar. 22, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. MiNEHAN, John. Age 21. Holyoke. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Died Feb. 26, 1864, Washington, D. C. Morris, Kyhn. Age 30. Dedham. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Deserted Nov. 24, 1861, Readville. Residence, . STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 387 Newton, John O. H. Age 25. Springfield. M. Aug. 12, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864, as absent sick. I\esi(lence , Ober, John P. Age 26. Pittsfield. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Palmer, Leonidas. Age 23. Boston. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Deserted Nov. 6, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Peck, Chauxcey E. Age 18. Longmeadow. M. Sept. 25, 1861. In principal eng. of regt. to exp. Sept. 12, 1864. Residence, N. Wilbrahani, Mass. Pierce, David D. Age 23. N. Braintree. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. June 30, 1864. Residence, . Pierce, Lyman L. Age 21. Leverett. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Residence, •. *Priest, Tilly L. Age 30. Springfield. M. Sept. 30, 1862. Transferred to V. R. C. Mar. 16, 1864. Prouty, Isaac H, Age 41. Brookfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . Rathburne, Henry H. Age 22. Pittsfield. M. Nov. 1, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Pittsfield, Mass. Rice, Augustus M. Age 36. Fitchburg. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Deserted Dec. 28, 1861, Readville. JAiGSIcIgIICG Rich, Chauncey E.' Age 18. Springfield. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864, as absent sick. Residence, Allston, Mass. Roberts, Smith M. Age 37. Medford. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. Mar. 18, 1863. x\gsic1giicg ■ I I Roody, Isaac! Age 40. Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864, as absent sick. Residence, . Sawin, Otis W. Age 22. Westminster. M. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for dis. Aug. 9, 1862. Residence, Westminster, Mass. Scott, Henry R. Age 36. GiU. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . Searle, William H. Age 25. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . Shove, John J. Age 21. Chicopee. M. Aug. 9, 1862. Pris. Oct. 14, 1863, Auburn. Died Aug. 23, 1864, Andersonville. Smith, Albion G. Age 18. Sutton. M. Oct. 10, 1861. Killed June 3, 1863, Sulphur Spr., Va., on patrol. Smith, Edwin F. Age 31. Springfield. M. Aug. 5, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. E. Residence, Belchertown, Mass. Smith, William H., Jr. Age 18. Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. Nov. 15, 1861. Residence, N. Grafton, Mass. Smith, William L. Age 34. Springfield. M. Aug. 7, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. E. Residence, . 388 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Stackpole, Joseph, Age 26. Chicopee. M. Aug. G, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Lathrop, Cal. Stevens, Joseph L. Age 34. Springfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. Residence, . Stetson, Amasa. Age 18. Shutesbury. M. Oct. 10, 1861. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, . Stewart, William E. Age 23. Springfield. M. Aug. 12, 1862. Severely wounded in left lung (rifle-ball) June 17, 1863, Aldie ; 2 nios. in St. Paul's Church Hosp. Disch. for dis. Aug. 17, 1863. Residence, Ware, Mass. Strong, Asa G. Age 29. Easthampton. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Transferred to V. R. C. Feb. 18, 1864. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Sullivan, Daniel. Age 37. Bellingham. M. Aug. 30, 1864. Exp. June 4, 1865. XvGSKlGllCG • Sullivan, Daniel L. Age 19. Springfield. M. Sept. 15, 1861. (See Co. G.) Sweeney, Cornelius. Age 20. Waltham. M. July 21, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Taylor, Frederick. Age 33. Huntington. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Killed July 28, 1864, New Market, Va. TowNLEY, John J. Age 20. Boston. M. Nov. 5, 1863. Pris. May [5-6,] 1864. Died Sept. 30, 1864, Andersonville. TuLLAR, John F. Age 18. Stockbridge. M. Dec. 15, 1863, Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Underwood, Joseph. Age 40. Huntington. M. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for dis. Jan. 18, 1863. Residence, . Van Bramer, William P. Age 21. Cliicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. x\.gsic1giicg * Ward, John C. Age 18. Roxbury. M. Mar. 24, 1864. Exj). Nov. 16, 1864. Residence, . Wardwell, Harlan P. Age 21. Springfield. M. Aug. 14, 1862. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. *Ware, John! Age 22. Deerfield. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. E. White, Benjamin F. Age 24. Williamsburg. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Missing in action May [5 to 14], Wilderness. Reported killed. COMPANY G. Guild, William H. 1st Sergt. Age 32. Boston. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Sergt. Nov. 1, 1861. In eng. of regt. to exp. Oct. 16, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. ***Stevens, Charles H. 1st Sergt. Transferred from Co. B. **Gleason, Daniel H. L. Com. Sergt. Transferred to Co. F as 1st Sergt. *Hurley, John. Com. Sergt. Age 24. Charlestown. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Oct. 31, 1864. Keith, Charles A. Sergt. Age 21. Boston. M. Oct. 5, 1861. 1st Lieut. 4th Mass. Cav., Aug. 5, 1863 ; Capt. Jan. 14, 1864. Ex-p. July 5, 1865. Residence, Savannah, Ga. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 389 f Sherman Albert A. Sergt. Age 24. Uxbridge. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Corp., Sergt. Wounded (slight) Sept. 17, 1862, Autietam. Wounded (slight) June 18, 1863, Middleburg. Wounded in head, Nov. -ll, 1863, New Hope Cliurch. Re- enlisted Jan. 31, 1864. Transferred to Co. F at consol. of regt. Oct. 1864. Sergt. of Pioneers Dec. 18, 1864. Pro. 1st Serg. and transferred to Co. H Apr. 7, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Lexington, Mass. Mulligan, James E. Sergt. Age 25. Boston. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Wounded June 9, 1863, Stevensburg. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. 2d Lieut. 4th Mass. Cav. Jan 19, 1864. 1st Lieut. July 27, 1864. Capt. Apr. 23, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Seymour, Ind. Ball, Josiah Warren. Sergt. Age 20. Holden. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Corp. In principal eng. of Co. to Dec. 19, 1862, vk^heu pro. 2d Lieut. 2d Mass. Cav. On detached ser. Act'g Pro. Mar. at Edward's Ferry. Post Adj., Q. M., and Com. Severely injured Dec. 19, 1863, Langley, Va. Exp. Apr. 13, 1865. In 3d Batt. Rifles R. M. V. I., May 19 to Aug. 3, 1861. Residence, Boston, Mass. Stanyan, Ira. Sergt. Age 33. Medford. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, Salem, Mass. Peeler, Albert. Sergt. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, Charlestown, Mass. *Rice, Calvin. Sergt. Age 20. Boston. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Oct. 31, 1864. Smith, Artemus C. Sergt. Age 19. Holden'. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. (Escaped same day.) Exp. Oct. 31, 1864. Residence, Oakdale, Mass. *HiLL, Richard. Sergt. Age 21. Somerville. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Severely wounded in right leg June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 31, 1864. Harris, Orrin VV, Sergt. Age 27. Attleboro. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Corp. Sept. 1861. Sergt. Dec. 1861. On recruiting ser. in Boston, 1862. Wounded Feb. 1863, Rappahannock Bridge. Wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Pris. Aug. 16, 1863, Orleans, Va. In all eng. of regt. till pris. Exp. Dec. 6, 1864. Residence, Cochituate, Mass. **Dyer, Charles W. Sergt. Glass, Michael H. Sergt. Age 23. Boston. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Pris. June 9, 1863, Stevensburg. Reenlisted Feb. 1, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, East Boston, Mass. Atherton, Charles P. Corp. Age 25. Springfield. M. Aug. 8, 1862. Reen- listed Dec. 26, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, Harvard, Mass. Crocker, Frederick O. Corp. Age 28. Boston. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reen- listed Feb. 1, 1864. Wounded in neck Oct. 27, 1864, Gravel Creek, Boynton Road. In principal eng. of regt. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F as Sergt. Residence, Duxbury, Mass. Green, Robert. Corp. Age 21. Reading. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Corp. Jan. 1, 1864. Reenlisted Feb. 1, 1864. Received sunstroke May 25, 1864, near Hanover Court House. In nearly all eng. of regt. to exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, Jamaica Plain, Mass. Hersey, Henry W. Corp. Age 26. Springfield. M. Aug. 5, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Recaptured same day. Reenlisted Dec. 25, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, Still River, Mass. *GooD, John A. Corp. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Oct. 4, 1864. 390 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Lombard, George H. Corp. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 52, 1861. Corp. in 1862, Wounded in left thigh (rifle-ball) June 17, 1863, Aldie. Sent to hosp., then on detached ser. with 1st N. H. Cav. In principal eng. of Co. to exp. Oct. 31, 1864. Residence, Lewiston, Me. Lynde, Sherman. Corp. Age 23. Melrose. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Pris. Aug. 16, 1863, Carter's Run. Exp. Oct. 31, 1861. Residence, Melrose, Mass. Ryan, William. Corp. Age 24. Amesbury. M. Oct. 5, 1861. On detached ser. under Gen. Benham, at James Island. Wounded in right leg (rifle-ball) June 9, 1863. Eng. of regt. till wounded. Transferred to V. R. C. Jan. 15, 1864, pro. Sergt. Residence, Southington, Conn. Whldden, Samuel C. Corp. Age 23. Stoughton. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Pris. Aug. 16, 1863, Carter's Run. Exp. Oct. 31, 1864. Residence, . Vinton, Harvey L. Corp. Age 37. Newton. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Severely wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Reenlisted Feb. 1, 1864. Pris. May 9, 1864, Sheridan's Raid. Died Oct. 31, 1864, Andersonville. *Harris, William A. Corp. Age 24. Wrentliam. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Wounded Nov. 3, 1862, Snicker's Gap. Disch. for dis. Jan. 14, 1863. Davenport, Samuel N. Bugl. Age 21. Brighton. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Detailed in band July 12, 1862, to exp. Oct. 31, 1864. Residence, Brighton, Mass. *RiCE, William H. Bngl. Age 23. Brighton. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Detailed in band. Exp. Oct. 31, 1864. *Robinson, Thomas M. Bugl. Age 23. Framingham. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Oct. 31, 1864. Robinson, James L. Bugl. Age 18. East Bridgewater. M. Dec. 12, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, Bridgewater, Mass. Burns, William M. Far. Age 27. Lawrence. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Left foot injured June, 1862, Hilton Head. Eng. James Island, Antietam, Stevensburg. Exp. Oct. 31, 1864. Residence, Guthenburg, Neb. McGregor, Alexander M. Sad. M. Jan. 3, 1864. Regtl. Sad. Sergt. Exj}. June 26, 1865. [See Co. F.] Residence, Salem, Mass. *Atherton, George R. Sad. Age 24. Springfield. M. Aug. 8, 1862. Reen- listed Dec. 26, 1863. Exp. June 10, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, . *LiNCOLN, Edward M. Sad. Age 23. Watertown. M. Jan. 13, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. ^ Haberlin, James. Blacksmith. Age 23. Cambridge. M. Jan. 26, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F as Far. Residence, San Francisco, Cal. Adams, Charles S. Age 28. New York. M. Sept. 25, 1861. On detached ser. with Div. Q. M., Nov., 1863. In eng. of regt. from James Island to exp. Oct. 31, 1864. Residence, Lynn, Mass. Aldrich, George W. Age 22. Uxbridge. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Wounded (severely) June 17, 1863, Aldie. Transferred to V. R. C. Feb. 15, 1864. Residence, . Aldrich, James G. Age 20. Uxbridge. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reenlisted Feb. 1, 1864. Deserted May 3, 1864. RGsiclcncG ■ *Appleby, Mark H. Age 30. Cambridge. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Sept. 29, 1864. JOSEPH SEALS FRANKLIN L. CANNON V-^ COM. SERGT. EDWIN O HYDE CHAUNCEY E. PECK BENJAMIN F. DAVENPORT F COMPANY STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 391 ^'SprJf'lSb™^ ^' ^^^ ^^" ^P"°§^^^^*^- ^- ^"ff- 22, 1862. Disch. for dis. Residence, St. Johnsbury, Vt. *Atherton, William H. Age 21. Springfield. M. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. for clis. Jan. lo, looo. Bailey, Thomas. Age 27 Needham. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Pris. Oct. 14, 1863 Auburn. Exp. Jan. 27, 1865. ' ' Residence, Highlandville, Mass. Residence, . *Belcher, George W Age 33. Newton. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Leg broken by kick of horse, Feb., 1863. Disch. for dis. April 27, 1863 ^ «BiNGAY, Edward B. Age 24. Boston. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Transferred to Co. a at consol. of regt., and pro. Sergt. *BouTELLE James E. Age 40. Nashua, N. II. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. for ais. April 'zl, 1803. Biggs, Henry. Age 25. Boston. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Deserted Jan. 7, 1862 Residence, Springfield, Mass. *Briggs Thomas H Age 38. Boston. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Pris. May 9, 1864 Sheridan's Raul. Exp. Oct. 31, 1864. J > '^'*, ^""""Resi Jenc?— ■ ^^^ ^^' ^^""^^^'^- ^^- ^^P*- 1' 1^64. Exp. June 5, 1865. Brown, William S. Age 39. Boston. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reenlisted Feb. 1, 1864. Pris. May 9, 1864. Died Aug. 25, 1864, Andersonville. *Bruce, Robert W. Age 26. Brookline. M. Aug. 19, 1862. Exn. Oct 31 Carmichael James. Age 35 Springfield. M. Aug. 12, 1862. Reenlisted Feb. 1, 1804. Exp. June 25, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, . *^OcT31,''l862''^''''''^'' ^" ^^^ ^*' ^^^''''^- ^- ^'P*- ^^' ^^^^- ^'^''^- f«^ . June 26, 1SG5, in Co. F. Residence, Arlington, Mass. Wood, Isaac O. Corp. Age 39. Actou. M. Nov. 28, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1S65. Residence, . Bartlett, Henry T. Bugl. Age 23. Holliston. M. Aug. 18, 1862. Detailed musician in band Apr. 2, 1SG3, to Jan. 12, 1864. Rceulistod Dee. 22, 1863. Hdqrs. Bugl. 1st Cav. Brig. (Gen. Davies) June 14, 1864, to Mar. 28, 1865. In charge of Cav. Corps IMail, June 1, 1865. Practically in all eng. of rcgt. to exp. June 26, 1SG5, in Co. F, on furlough. Residence, New York City. Barker, "William. Bugl. Age — . Springfield. M. Aug. 14, 1862. Practically in all eng. of regt. to exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, Providence, R. I. *Davis, Peter R. Bugl. Age 37. Cambridge. M. Aucr. 15, 1862. Exp. June 26, 1865. in Co. F. Hobart, Willey E. (real name "Wm. Eaton). Bugl. Age 18. Amherst. M. Dec. 27, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Sherburne, N. Y. *Ufford, Andrew J. Bugler. Age 18. Amherst. M. Dec. 27, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. McLooN, Gilbert. Bugler. Age 23. Lowell. M. Oct. 9, 1861. "\Younded Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, . Hilton, Edward W. Far. Age 31. Charlestown. M. Oct. 5, 1S61. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, Beverly, Mass. Richards, Jefferson H. Far. Age 33. Brookfield. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Died of wounds June 25, 1864, St. Mary's Church, Va. Morgan, Mark. "Wagoner. Age '33. Beverly. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, . Murray, Edward. Saddler. Age 37. Boston. M. Aug. 12, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 22, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, . AiNSLEY, Charles M. Age 25. Boston. M. Sept. 9, 1861. Disch. for dis. July 28, 1862. Residence, . Araga, Alfred. Age 28. Scituate. M. Dec. 7, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Atkins, Joseph. Age 31. Boston. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Died July 8, 1863, Taylors- ville, Md. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 399 Baker, George. Age 21. Sonthwick. M. Feb. 3, 1864. Absent sick, 1865, from Co. F. " No evidence of death or discharge." Residence, . Barnard, John M. Age 41. Marblehead. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp Sept. 15 1864. 11. Residence, . Beals, James H. Age 19. Haverhill. M. Dec. 31, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, Kingston, N. H. Belonies, Charles. Age 36. Franklin. M. Dec. 7, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick. Residence, . BiGuiT, Louis. Age 24. Scituate. M. Dec. 7, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . BoDEN, Elisiia C. Age 21. Springfield. M. Aug. 18, 1862. Exp. Nov 11 1864. fe ' v . Residence, South Windham, Conn. Boyle, James. Age 35. Lowell. M. Aug. 23, 1864. Deserted June 2, 1865, Cloud's Mills, Va. Residence, . BuRNiiAM, Ebenezer A. Age 29. Conway. M. Aug. 15, 1862. Practically in all eng. of regt. to exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, Conway, Mass. BuTMAN, Joseph W. Age 22. Marblehead. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Disch. for dis. Jan. 20, 1864. Residence, . Callahan, John O. Age 32. Marblehead. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Pris. Sept. 5, 1862, Poolesville. Exp. Oct. 21, 1864. Residence, . Cannon, Michael. Age 23. Oakham. M. Jan. 3, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Caldicott, George W. Age 28. Milford. M. Nov. 1, 1863. Exp. June 26, 18()5, in Co. F. Residence, . Chamerier, IIepolite. Age 23. Barre. M. Dec. 31, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Chadbourne, John, Age 45. Boston. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Deserted Dec. 13, 1861. Residence, . COLUY, Richard. Age 42. Franklin. M. Dec. 2, 1864. Disch. for dis. April 25. 1865, from hosp., G. O. 77, A. G. O. Residence, . Collins, William. Age 22. Chicopee. M. Aug. 8, 1862. Died Sept. 19, 1864, Washington, D. C. CoMEREORD, TiiOMAS. Age 19. Marlboro. M. Dec. 19, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Connor, Jeremiah. Age 17. Lawrence. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, . Connors, Patrick. Age 32. Springfield. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, . Coste, Henry. Age 28. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 20, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Plattsburg, N. Y. Courman, Daniel. Age 28. Boston. M. Mar. 21, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick. Residence, . CouGHLiN, James. Age 31. Milford. M. Aug. 7, 1862. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Maine. 400 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Cox, William W. Age 35. Swampscott. M. Oct. 28, 1861. Disch. for dis. July 15, 1862. Residence, Lowell, Mass. Craigue, John N. Age 26. Boston. M. Oct. 28, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 22, 1862. Residence, Crowley, James. Age 18. Lowell. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Discli. for dis. Oct. 10, 1861. Residence, . Cunningham, William. Age 19. Waltliara. M. Oct. 28, 1861. Discli. for dis. Feb. 11, 1863. Davis, Thomas B. Age 18. Lawrence. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Pris. July 14, 1863, Dumfries. Died May 31, 1864, Andersonville. Desmond, Richard. Age 25. Springfield. M. Dec. 9, 1864. May 26, 1865, ab- sent sick in hosp. Residence, . DiNKEL, Leonard. Age 38. Springfield. M. Jan. 22, 1864. Died in hosp. Nov. 16, 1864. Douglass, William H. Age 22. Brookline. M. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch. for dis. Jan. 25, 1863. Residence, Boston, Mass. Do\v, Levi. Age 40. North Hampton, N. H. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 15, 1861. Residence, . Drollett, Peter A. Age 22. Braintree. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Exp. Oct. 8, 1864. Residence, . Dubois, Edmund. Age 24. Provincetown. M. Dec. 2, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. XvGSlClGnCG • Duffy, William. Age 18. Plymoutii. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Pris. Sept. 29, 1862, Duffield Sta. Reeidisted Dec. 20, 1863. Transf. to Navy April 23, 1864. XvCSlClGllCG • Egng, (Equit) Louis. Age 25. Scituate. M. Dec. 7, 1864. Exp. May 30, 1865. Residence, . Farrell, William. Age 25. South Danvers. M. Mar. 5, 1864. Wounded in foot May (5 to 14), 1864, Wilderness. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F., as absent sick. Residence, . Ferguson, James. Age 30. West Cambridge. M. Dec. 17, 1861. Died Nov. 19, 1863, of wounds received near \Yliitehall Church. *Ferguson, Joseph. Age 22. Boston. M. Aug. 20, 1862. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Ferrin, Levi E. Age 25. Natick. M. Sept. 25, 1801. Pris. Duffield Sta., Sept. 1862. Pris. five days. Deserted from Annapolis, 1862. Residence, Natick, Mass. Finn, John. Age 30. West Roxbury. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 30, 1863. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Finton, Timothy. Age 27. Mil'ford. ]\L Aug. 6, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Nov. 8, 1864. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. FiSK, Howard O. Age 27. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Killed June 17, 1863, Aldie. Flanders, George F. Age 18. Lawrence. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Deserted Oct. 10, 1861. Residence '. Fox, James. Age 20. Boston. M. Jan. 4, 1864. Disch. for dis. Feb. 18, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, . GEO. H. LOMBARD BUGLER JAMES T. WALSH IRGT J. WARREN BALL Lieut, snd Cav. SERGT. ALBERT A. SHERMAN G COMPANY STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 401 Freeman, Bartlett B. Age 36. Marblehead. M. Oct. 6, 1861. Eeealisted Feb. 6, 1864. Exp. June 13, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, French, Mathias. Age 18. Mansfield. M. Nov. 10, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Fuller, Nathaniel F. Age 21. Wrentbam. M. Aug. 15, 1862. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, . Gately, Thomas. Age 21. Pittsfield. M. Feb. 4, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F as absent, sick. Residence, Marlboro, Mass. Gallagher, Patrick. Age 25. Williamstown. M. Jan. 19, 1864. Transferred to Co. F. Transferred to V. R. C. Mar. 13, 1865. Residence, Leominster, Mass. Gallagher, John. Age 21. Waltham. M. Oct. 28, 1861. Deserted Dec. 11, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Gilmore, Thomas. Age 26. Marlboro. M. Dec. 20, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Gleeson, David. Age 21. Chicopee. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Exp. Oct. 31, 1864. Residence, Chicopee, Mass. GouD, Clarkson. Age 21. Worcester. M. Jan. 3, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Graham, Charles. Age 16. Lowell. M. Oct. 5, 1864. Pris. Sept. 29, 1862, near Duffield Station. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, . Gray, Henry. Age 29. Berlin. M. Nov. 9, 1864. Deserted Apr. 10, 1865, Ger- mantown, Pa. Residence, . Green, John. Age 21. Boylston. M. Dec. 24, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Grumhose, Charles. Age 21. Springfield. M. Dec. 31, 1864. Deserted Apr. 4, 1865. Residence, . Guilfoyle, Michael E. Age 22. Athol. M. Dec. 28, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Halpin, Patrick. Age 23. Ashfield. M. July 7, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick. Residence, . Hans, Joseph. Age 27. Springfield. M. Dec. 31, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Hannaford, Walter. Age 21. Boston. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Disch. for dis. Aug. 18,1862. ^ Residence, . Hardy, Charles A. Age 19. Springfield. M. Sept. 17, 1864. Disch. June 5, 1865, G. O. 83, A. G. O. Residence, . Harding, John. Age 21. Holland. M. July 12, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick. Residence, . Harris, Thomas. Age 23. Winthrop. M. Mar. 21, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick. Residence, ■ . Hatch, Lewis. Age 40. Marblehead. M. Sept. 13, 1861. Practically in all eng. of Co. to disch. for dis., Dec. 30, 1863. Residence, Wells Depot, Me. 402 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Hayes, Patrick. Age 30. Lawrence. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Killed June 15, 1862, John's Island, S. C. Hentschel, Frank. Age 37. Roxbury. M. Oct. 11, 1861. Died of wounds Sept. 15, 1863, Rapidau Station. Henville, William W. Age 40. Salem. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Discli. for dis. Dec. 24, 1861. Residence, . Hewes, Robert. Age 17. Lawrence. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, . Hill, John. Age 37. Boston. M. Apr. 18, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick. Residence > Hoerner, Charles. Age 28. Springfield. M. Dec, 31, 1864. Exp. May 31, 1865. ivGSlClGllCG » Hoffman, William. Age 22. Sterling. M. July 26, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick. Residence, . Hopps, Joseph. Age 35. Springfield. M. Dec. 31, 1864. Deserted Apr. 4, 1865, City Point, Va. Residence • ' Ivers, William. Age 19. Salem. IVL Oct. 5, 1861. Wounded June 16, 1862, James Island. Disch. for dis. Sept. 11, 1862. Residence, . James, William H. Age 21. Worcester. M. Jan. 3, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Johnson, Albert B. Age 22. Marblehead. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Deserted Nov. 21, 1862, Washington. Rgsicigiicg • Jones, Lewis! Age 29. Natick. M. Oct. 15, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Detailed, Pioneer Corps, 1864. In eng. of regt. to exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, Natick, Mass. Jordan, Edwin A. Age 24. Franklin. M. Oct. 28, 1861. Slightly wounded June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. RcsidGiicG • Jordan, Henry A. Age 24. Wrentham. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Detailed on hosp. duty 5 weeks, Jan. 1862, Beaufort ; then sick in hosp. till June. Disch. for dis. July 8, 1862, Hilton Head. Enlisted Dec. 17, 1863, Co. D, 3d Mass. Cav. Mar. 10, 1865, disch. for dis. caused by wounds received in action. Residence, Dubuque, Iowa. Jordan, Horatio A. Age 22. Wrentham. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 27, 1863. In all eng. with regt. till Jan. 1, 1865, when transferred to V. R. C. Residence, Medfield, Mass. Jackson, Alvin. Age 34. Braintree. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Disch. Jan. 10, 1863. K-GSKlGllCG • Kehoe, William. Age 28. Marblehead. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Oct. 4, 1864. Residence, San Diego, Cal. Kelly, James. Age 19. Mansfield. M. Nov. 10, 1864. E.xp. June 26, 1865. JA-GSiciGIlCG , Kent, James.' Age 42. Marblehead. M. Oct. 29, 1863. Transferred to navy Apr. 23, 1864. ivGSlClGllCG - Kihlgreen, Charles A. Age 38. Boston. M. Aug. 9, 1862. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. XvGSlQGllCG ~ * Kimball, William L. Age 28. Salem. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. for dis. Sept. 27, 1862. Residence, . STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 403 King, Thomas. Age 19. Belmont. M. Aug. 18, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Deserted Mar. 22, 1864. Residence, . La Moor, Joseph. Age 28. Springfield. M. Dec. 31, 1864. Exp. June 2, 1865. Residence, . Laundry, Joseph. Age 19. Bellingham. M. Jan. 28, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F, as absent sick. Residence, . LiNDOLF, William B. Age 32. Milford. M. Aug. 15, 1862. Disch. for dis. June 10, 1863. Residence, . Maguire, Mathias. Age 26. Wenham. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Deserted May 2, 1864. Residence, . Maloney, Michael Age 20. Williamstown. M. Jan. 19, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F, as absent sick. Residence, Nortb Adams, Mass. Massey, Richard. Age 42. Boston. Transferred from Co. B, 1861. Trans- ferred to Co. F, 1862. On detached ser. Q. M. Dept., Washington. Disch. Nov. 11, 1864. Reenlisted Dec. 28, 1864, in Co. H. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . *Matthews, Albert E. Age 28. Milford. M. Aug. 7, 1862. Wounded Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. McDowell, John. Age 21. Williamstown. M. Jan. 19, 1864. In all eng. of regt. till wounded in left foot (rifle-ball) July 28, 1864, New Market. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, Hoosick Falls, N. Y. McDuffee, Hugh. Age 27. Salem. M. Sept. 28, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick, in Co. F. Residence, . McGee, Sanford. Age 34. M. Jan. 5, 1864. Exp. June 23, 1865. Residence, . McGrath, Thomas. Age 20. Dedham. M. Nov. 19, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . McNab, William. Age 42. Cambridge. M. Sept. 28, 1861. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, . Meirs, John, Jr. Age 21. Newton. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Pris. Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store. Died Aug. 20, 1864, Andersonville. Meirs, John. Age 31. Newton. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Disch. for dis. Jan. 25, 1863. Residence, Worcester, Mass. Mellen, Charles. Age 28. Franklin. M. Dec. 1, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Newton, Mass. *Melville, George. Age 44. Boston. M. Sept. 15, 1861. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. ^ *Messenger, Daniel E. Age 36. Milford, M. Aug. 15, 1862. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Metcalf, George W. Age 19. Salem. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, . Milton, B. Sylvester S. Age 32. Boston. M. Dee. 28, 1863. Wounded in head and right leg May 11, 1864, Ashland ; at 9th Corps hosp., Citv Point, in June. Eng. Wilderness and skirmishes. Disch. Sept. 21, 1864, for dis-'caused by injury to spine and fracture of three ribs. Residence, Salem, Mass. Moore, Martin. Age 29. Lynn. M. July 22, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as ab- sent sick. Residence, . 404 FIRST 3IASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Morse, William. Age 27. Pittsfield. M. Jan. 9, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. RGsiciGnco . Morgan, John F. Age 19. Beverly. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, Beverly, Mass. McGuiRE, John. Age 21. Springfield. M. Nov. 30, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . MuNN, Curtis E. Age 26. Dedbam. M. Jan. 12, 1862. Hosp. Steward, July 15, 1862. Asst. Surg. 27th Inf. July 5, 1863. Surg. 2d Inf. Dec. 5, 1864. Exp. July 14, 1865. Residence, Fort Canby, Wasb. MuNSELL, Thomas L. Age 25. Asbfield. M. Aug. 14, 1862. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, Norfolk, Mass. Nennery, Michael. Age 28. Dennis. M. Nov. 30, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. *Ne\vhall, Alfred P. Age 21. Lvnn. M. Aug. 6, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 20, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F."' O'Brien, James A. Age 18. Cbesbire. M. Dec. 17, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . O'Brien, Michael. Age 19. Dorcbester. M. Nov. 15, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Readville, Mass. O'Neil, Patrick. Age 19. Dennis. M. Dec. 3, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Parker, Edwin A. Age 19. Dedbam. M. Aug. 5, 1862. Wounded in head June 17, 1863, Aldie. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, . Patterson, Charles. Age 23. Somerville. M. Mar. 21, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick. Residence, . Paul, Theodore. Age 23. Newburyport. (No record.) Residence, . Peart, George H. Age 19. South Danvers. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Died July 15, 1862, Beaufort, S. C. Paspartout, Elois. Age 23. Dennis. M. Dec. 7, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Pearson, William F. Age 21. Newburyport. M. Dec. 5, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Newburyport, Mass. Pray, Ben.tamin C. Age 26. Boston. Transferred from Co. B. Deserted Feb. 14, 1863, Potomac Creek. Putnam, Augustus. Age 45. South Danvers. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Discharged Jan. 10, 1863. QuiNN, John.' Acje 24. Salem. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Wounded June 16, 1862. James Island. Disch. for dis. Sept. 13, 1862. Residence, Salem, Mass. Rhodes. Isaac M. Age 29. Lynn. M. Oct. 26, 1861. Reenlisted Feb. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. xi6si(lGnc6 ' . Regan, Dennis. Age 42. Holliston. M. June 5, 1864. Exp. June 17, 1865, in Co. F. KiGSlQGIlCG • Richardson, Thomas, Jr. Age 25. Belmont. M. Aug. 11, 1862. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, Belmont, Mass. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 405 Robert, Joseph E. Age 24. Topsfield. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Deserted Dec. 9, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Robinson, John T. Age 27. Boston. (No record.) Residence, . RoMAiN, Alexander. Age 29. Ashfield. M. July 7, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick. Residence . RooNEY, James. Age 25. Lowell. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Deserted Dec. 1, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Root, Joseph. Age 19. Hadley. M. Dec. 23, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. xvgsicIgiicg > Ross, Daniel 'm. Age 27. Salem. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, Lobster, Oregon. Rowe, William P. Age 24. Lynn. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Transf. to navy, Apr. 23, 1864. • Residence, . Shaw, Bartlett. Age 25. Swampscott. M. Oct. 9, 1863. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, Sacoxie, Kansas. Shattuck, George W. Age 18. Amherst. M. Dec. 27, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Sherman, George W. Age 18. Lawrence. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Pris. Sept. 5, 1862, Poolesville. Reenlisted Dec. 29, 1863. Wounded in foot July 28, 1864, New Market. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, Lawrence, Mass. Shultz, William. Age 27. Springfield. M. Nov. 23, 1864. Exp. June 26, 18G5. Residence, . Slade, George. Age 28. Longmeadow. M. Nov. 15, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Small, Joseph L. Age 26. Charlestown. M. Aug. 4, 1862. Transferred to Co. G, 1st V. R. C. Nov. 30, 1863. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, . Smith, Barna. Age 43. Spencer. M. Oct 5, 1861. Pris. June 17, 1863, Aldie. Discharged while on furlough from Camp Stoneman, Va., Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Thorndyke, Mass. Smith, Edward. Age 26. Wenham. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Deserted (as saddler) Nov. 21, 1862, Washington, D. C. Residence, . Smith, Josiah [Joseph]. Age 22. Hamilton. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Deserted Nov. 21, 1862, Washington, D. C. Residence, . Spencer, Hiram B. Age 33. Salem. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, . *Strickner, John B. Age 37. Roxbnry. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Wounded in hand and leg Aug. 21, 1864, Reams Station. " Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Tannett, George S. Age 39. Leominster. M. Jan. 3, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . *Taylor, Thomas. Age 24. Salem. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. *Thayer, Charles G. Age 35. Natick. M. Sept. 28, 1861. Wounded in thigh, Nov. 27, 1863, New Hope Cluirch. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Thorp, Alfred M. Age 27. West Cambridge. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Deserted as Corp. Jan. 10, 1863, Annapolis. Residence, . 406 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. TiERNEY, Matthew. Age 26. Worcester. M. Dec. 1, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Underwood, Myron H. Age 24. Chicopee. M. Aug. 14, 1862. Eng. Freder- icksburg. Disch. for dis. Mar. 7, 1863. Residence, Hudson, Wisconsin. W.\LKER, Gerry R. Age 21. Springfield. M. Aug. 16, 1862. Detailed in band. Piis. Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store. Exp. Nov. 7, 1864. Residence, Chicago, 111. Walker, Joseph. Age 23. Worcester. M. Jan. 3, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Ward, John. Age 28. Springfield. M. Nov. 23, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. RgskIgiicg , Ware, Samuel. Age 27. Conway. M. Aug. 15, 1862. Pris. Nov. 29, 1863, Parker's Store. Died Aug. 10, 1864, Andersonville. Welch, Maurice. Age 32. Boston. M. Aug. 12, 1862. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, . Wells, Lewis. Age 26, Boston. M. Jan. 25, 1864. Wounded in arm, May (5 to 14), 1864, Wilderness. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, . Weymouth, William W. M. . Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . West, Charles E. (real name William S. Sampson). Age 20. Lawrence. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Bugler 1863-64, Warrenton. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, Lawrence, Mass. WiGGiN, Joseph A. Age 21. Lawrence. M. Nov. 26, 1861. Pris. Sept. 5, 1862, Poolesville. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Deserted, on Vet. furlough, from Co. F. Residence, . Weston, Charles H. Age 21. Lawrence. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Deserted Nov. 21, 1862, as Bugler. Residence, . Whittemore, Nathan W. Age 38. Worcester. M. Jan. 3, 1865. Exp. June 26, 1865. RcsiclGncG CliolsGR JVIcIss. *Whitney, Samuel b'. A. Age 27. Natick. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. WiDGER, William. Age 37. Swampscott. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Died Dec. 20, 1863. Potomac Creek. WiLKixs, Edward L. Age 25. Boston. Transf. from Co. B. Disch. for dis. Apr. 24, 1863. Residence, . Williams, John H. Age 36. Newburyport. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 30, 1863. XVGsiclGllCG — ■ — , Williams, John. Age 21. South Hadley. M. Nov. 12, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, . Wood, George D. Age 23. Beverly. M. July 16, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick. Residence ■. Wood, Josiah D. G. Age 21. Wrentham. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Wounded near White Hall Church, Nov. 19, 1863. Wounded in head Nov. 27, 1863, New Hope Church. Wounded severely July 28, 1864, New Market. Died Dec. 4, 1864. IRVING R, CHENEY NATHANIEL H. FISH ;RGT. FREDERICK 0, CROCKER SERGT, ORRIN W. HARRIS ROBERT P. SKELTON STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 407 COMPANY I (Old). *Capen, Robert S. 1st Sergt. Age 32. Middleboro. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Re- enlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Sergt.-Maj. (4tb Cav.) Aug. 23, 1864 ; 2d Lieut, and 1st Lieut. May 8, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865, as 2d Lieut. Edson, George A. 1st Sergt. Age 21. East Bridge water. M. Nov. 19, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 2d Lieut. (4th Cav.), July 13, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865, as 1st Sergt. Residence, South Abington, Mass. *Leach, George W. 1st Sergt. Aged 30. North Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 2d Lieut. (4th Cav.) Dec. 10, 1864. 1st Lieut. Apr. 6, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. *Packard, Charles M. 1st Sergt. Age 22. Stoughton. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 2d Lieut. (4th Cav.) May 13, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Carpenter, Augustus W. Q. M. Sergt. Age 24. Rehoboth. M. Dec. 14, 1861. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Stoughton Centre, Mass. Willis, Rufus H. Q. M. Sergt. Age 23. Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Sergt.-Maj. (4th Cav.) Dec. 27, 1864. 2d Lieut. Jan. 5, 1865. Resigned June 13, 1865. In command of party who collected rebel battle flags at Appomattox. Residence, New Bedford, Mass. Walker, John H. Q. M. Sergt. Age 30. North Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. In principal eng. of Co. Thrown from his horse and injured left hip, while making post grand rounds, Sept. 1863, Hilton Head. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. George, Edward T. Com. Sergt. Age 19. Mansfield, M. Sept. 25, 1861. Re- enlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Chandler, Samuel A. Sergt. Age 25. Duxbury. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reen- listed Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Bridgewater, Mass. *Colburn, Augustine A. Sergt. Age 32. Dedham. M. Sept. 14, 1861. In principal eng. of Co. to exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Ellis, Elihu T. Sergt. Age 21. East Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Re- enlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 2d Lieut. (4th Cav.) Aug. 16, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865, as Sergt. Residence, . French, William H. Sergt. Age 19. East Bridgewater. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, East Bridgewater, Mass. Holmes, George N. Sergt. Age 32. North Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. April 23, 1864, Hilton Head. JaiGsicIgiicc I Kimball, William H. S. Sergt. Age 21. Maiden. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Reen- listed Jan. 1, 1864. Fall of 1864 on detached ser. Hdqrs. 10th Army Corps, as Special Order clerk. 1st Lieut. 8th U. S. C. T., Dec. 6, 1864. Returned to regt. Mar. 6, 1865, Special Ord. No. 64, " At his own request." Regtl. Q. M. Sergt. 2d Lieut. (4th Cav.) May 8, 1865 (not M). Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, West Lynn, Mass. Knight, Benjamin, Jr. Sergt. Age 24. Mansfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. May 12, 1863, Beaufort. Eng. Pocotaligo. Residence, Santa Cruz, Cal. Lincoln, Matthew W. Sergt. Age 24. Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Re- enlisted Jan. 1, 1864. In principal eng. of Co. till April 2, 1864, when taken pris. Exchanged from Florence Prison, Mar. 9, 1865. Exp. June 1, 1865. Residence, . 408 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. LOVELL, Samukl C. Sergt. Age 22. Mansfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reeulisted Jan. 1, 18G1. Transf. as 1st Sergt. Co. K (4th Cav.) Aug. 23, 1864. Regtl. Com. Sergt. Sept. 12, 1864. 2d Lieut. Nov. 15, 1864. 1st Lieut. July 16, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Mansfield, Mass. *RiCHAKDSON, Amanbus E. Serg. Age 31. Stoughton. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Re- eulisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865, absent sick. Died Dec. 1865, Rich- mond, Va. TiLDEN, Edward. Sergt. Age 19. North Bridgewater. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Re- eulisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . Buss, Erancis a. Corp. Age 24. Rehoboth. M. Oct. 15, 1861. Reeulisted Jan. 1, 1864. Trausf. to Co. F 4th Cav. Aug. 12, 1864, as Q. M. Sergt. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . Bartlett, Andrew^ W. Corp. Age 24. Dover. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reeulisted Jan. 1, 1864. Severely wounded Feb. 10, 1864, Barber's Ford, Fla. Died Feb. 28, 1864, Bccaufort, S. C. Dudley, Joel D. Corp. Age 21. Brighton. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Reeulisted Jau. 1, 1864. Killed in action Apr. 5, 1865, High Bridge, Va. Jordan, Hubbard E. Corp. Age 18. Dedham. M. Nov. 26, 1861. Reeu- listed Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Stoueham, Mass. Leonard, John IL Corp. Age 31. Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. In prin- cipal eng. of Co. to exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Marlboro, Mass. *Linehan, Daniel. Corp. Age 19. Charlestown. M. Oct. 31, 1861. Reeulisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. MouLTOX, Stephen C. Corp. Age 24. Rehoboth. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reeu- listed Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. ivftsidciiCG "• Stevens, Joseph T. Corp. Age 28. Dedham. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Died Mar. 1, 1862, Hilton Head, S. C. TuRNBULL, Joshua. Corp. Age 27. Boston. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Disch. for dis. Jan. 19, 1863. Residence, . Wood, Nathan C. Corp. Age 18. Mansfield. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reeulisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . *Daggett, Henry T. Bugler. Age 24. Weymouth. M. Sept. 14, 1861. De- tailed in band. Chief Bugler 4th Cav. May 17, 1864, Newport News. Exp. Sept. 23, 1864. Jewett, ,Iohn. Bugler. Age 28. Hausou. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Trausf. to Co. K, 4th Cav., Dec. 23, 1861. Reeulisted Apr. 16, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . Robinson, William AV. Bugler. Age 23. Mansfield. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Re- eulisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . *CoLE, Joseph E. Saddler. Age 31. Wrentham. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reeu- listed Jan. 1, 1864. Sergt. Sad. 4th Cav. Sept. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Drury, P:dward. Saddler. Age 19. Natick. M. Oct. 31, 1861. Reeulisted Jau. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . Worthington, Alfred. Farrier. Age 23. East Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reeulisted Jau. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, North Attleboro, Mass. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 409 Baines, James. Farrier. Age 28. Boston. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Reeulisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . Alexander, Giles R. Age 34. Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Practically in all eng. of Co. Pris. High Bridge, Va. ; held two days. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Canibridgeport, Mass. Badger, Caleb. Age 44. North Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Eng. Poco- taligo. Disch. for dis. July 9, 1863. Residence, . Bailey, Ai J. Age 24. Natick. M. Oct. 31, 1861. Exp. Oct. 30, 1864. Residence, Bridgewater, Mass. Bisbee, Joseph P. Age 22. Stoughton. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Died July 14 1862, Hilton Head, S. C. *Blaisdell, Virgil F. (Virgil Marcellus). Age 18. Madison, N. H. M. Oct. 31, 1861. Disch. for dis. April 8, 1862. Died in Madison, N. H., Aug. 11, 1862. *Brown, Ezekiel N. Age 32. Lynn. M. Oct. 31, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Cox, Isaac. Age 22. Stoughton. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Eng. Morris Island, S. C; between Petersburg and Ft. Darling, Va., May 9 to 16, 1864. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Milford, Mass. Cunningham, Richard. Age 23. Somerville. M. Dec. 4, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Lynn, Mass. Darling, John D. Age 34. Douglas. M. Nov. 11, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Chief Bugler 4th Cav. Sept. 25, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Maunchaug, Mass. Dean, Thomas F. C. Age 19. Stoughton. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Killed in action Feb. 10, 1864, Barber's Ford, Fla. Darden, Jonas. Age 33. Beaufort, S. C. Col'd Cook. M. Sept. 28, 1863. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . Eagan, Martin. Age 29. Bridgewater. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. July 2, 1865. Residence, . *EsTES, Joseph C. Age 36. N. Bridgewater. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Aug. 15, 1865. Faxon, Ebenezer K. Age 42. Stoughton. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Apr. 22, 1863, Beaufort. Residence, Stoughton, Mass. Farnsworth, Charles P. Age 33. Stoughton. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . Fitzpatrick, James. Age 24. Somerville. M. Dec. 4, 1861. Transf. to V. R. C. July 15, 1863. Residence, Somerville, Mass. French, Tolman. Age 43. E. Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. May 4, 1864, Portsmouth Grove Hosp. Residence, . Gaynor, Isaac P. Age 23. Stoughton. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Wagoner. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Brockton, Mass. Harlow, Francis O. Age 30. Middleboro. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, Residence, . Holmes, Henry P. Age 21. North Bridgewater. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Exp. Oct. 8, 1864. Residence, Brockton, Mass. 410 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. *HowLAND, Frkemax P. Age 24. Hanson. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Reeulisted Jan 1, 1864. Exp. Feb. 6, 1865. Rowland, James H. Age 21. Hanson. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Disch. for dis Apr 8, 1862. Residence, Whitman, Mass. *Ho\VE, Hiram F. Age 35. Waltham. M. Oct. 31, 1861. Exp. Oct. 30,1864. Hunt, George W. Age 33. Randolph. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Eng. Pocotaligo ; Morris Island, S. C. ; between Petersburg and Ft. Darling, Va., May 9 to 16 1864. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, . Huntington, William S. Age 32. North Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Ord. to Gen. comdg. Dept. of South, Apr., 1862. In principal eng. of Co. from Morris Island, S. €., to exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, South Boston, Mass. Jacobs, Daniel W. Age 27. Abington. M. Sept. 14, 1861, In eng. of Co. to exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, . JossELYN, Caleb H. Age 31. Bridgewater. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Foxboro, Mass. *Keene, Andrew J. Age 23. New York. M. Jan. 2, 1862. Disch. for dis. Apr. 22, 1863. Beaufort. Knight, Noah M. Age 27. Douglas. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Aug. 10, 1865. Residence, Tie Siding, Wyoming. *Knight, Thomas W. D. Age 20. Taunton. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. *Leavitt, Jeremiah. Age 36. North Bridgewater. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Hosp. Steward 1st Mass. Cav. June 10, 1862. Reenlisted Dec. 26, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865. Lyon, Ellis V. Age 21. North Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Eng. be- tween Petersburg and Ft. Darling, Va., May 9 to 16, 1864. Died Sept. 24, 1864, in hosp. at Petersburg. LuNT, Edward A. Age 24. Stoughton. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for dis. July 9, 1863, Beaufort. Residence, Stoughton, Mass. Morse, Andrew. Age 22. Livermore, Me. M. Oct. 31, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . Muzzy, George B. Age 25. Dedham. M. Nov. 23, 1861. Regtl. Q. M. Sergt. 1st Mass. Cav. Apr. 9, 1862. Exp. Nov. 16, 1862. Residence, . Orr, Wilson. Age 24. North Bridgewater. M. Oct. 31, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . Patterson, Samuel M. Age 29. Stoughton. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Acting Hosp. Steward, Aug. to Dec, 1862, with Asst. Surg. Oscar C. DeWolf. Pris. Mar. 5, 1864, Camp Finnegan, wliile on scout ; in Andersonville till Sept. 1864, then in Charleston (Fair Grounds) 4 weeks ; escaped and was recaptured ; then confined in Florence, S. C, and Goldsboro, N. C, until paroled Mar. 7, 1865. (Sick with swamp fever when paroled.) Disch. from Parole Camp June 14, 1865. Residence, Spencer, Mass. Peterson, John T. Age 33. North Bridgewater. M. Sept 14, 1861. In princi- pal eng. of Co. to exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, . Poole, Horace F. Age 27. Easton. M. Dec. 11, 1861. Pris. in Fla., exchanged at Florence, S. C, Mar. 9, 1865 ; died on the way hume. MICHAEL NENNERY .'GLER HENRY T. BARTLETT DANIEL M. ROSS BARTLETT SHAW BUGLER WILLIAM S. SAMPSON u/ias Charles E. West H COMPANY STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 411 Porter Isaac R. Age 29 East Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. In principal eng. of Co. to exp. Sept. 24, 1864. ^ ^ Residence, . Read, George H- Age 20. Medvyay. M. Oct. 31, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864 liixp. Nov. 14, 186d. ' Residence, . *Richardson Francis A Age 26. Stoughton. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Discli. for clis. Jan. 1, 1864, Hilton Head. Richards, George S. Age 23. Boston. M. Apr. 5, 1862. Exp. Oct 14 1864 Residence, Charlestown, Mass. ' *Richardson Gilbert R Age 21. Stoughton. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Discb. for (lis. Jbeo. I, 1862, Hilton Head. Smith, William A. Age 31. Middleboro. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Disch. for dis. Apr. b, 1802, Hilton Hd. Residence, . ^7S ^^^or>YK. Age 24 Haverhill. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Injured in hip by fall of horse, Oct., 1864, Johnston House. Eno- Poco- ligo ; Strawberry Plains ; Capture of Ft. Harrison. Exp. Nov. 14 1865 ''" Residence, . ' Stoxe, Joseph c. Age 23 Holbrook, Ct. M. Dee. 25, 1861. Disch. for dis. Aug. 9, 1862, Genl. Hosp. Bedloe's Island, N. Y. harbor-. Residence, . Studley John A. Age 20. Abington. M. Sept. 14, 1861 [Corp. 4th Cav.l. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 7, 1865. ^ i" J- Residence, Rockland, Mass. Sylvester John. Age 31. Plymouth. M. Dec. 4, 1861. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Died in pns., Andersonville, Dec. 1864 '^hSh™"' ^^^'^^' "^^^"S*""- M. Sept. 14, 1861. Died Apr. 30, 1862, Tucker, RoscOE. Age 23. Bridgewater. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Orderly for Gen Heckinan, Apr. 1863. Died in pris., Florence, Jan. 29 1865 ^ ViNiNG William A Age 21. Weymouth. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Wounded at Olustee. Reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Hingham, Mass. Ware, Joseph. Age 32. Boston. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Exp. Oct 18 1864 Residence, . ^ ' ^™1862"Bo''sTof' ^^^^^' ^""^^Sewater. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Disch. for dis. Residence, . ^NoV^'iriSer'''''''''' ^^" ^^^ ^^' ^^'''*^^°™' ^^«- M- Nov. 14, 1861. Exp. Residence, . Wortman, Frederick M Age 19. Randolph. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Fell from U. S. steamer Rebecca Clyde and drowned. Port Royal Harbor, Feb. 6, 1864 COMPANY I (New.) Lazelle, E. Joshua. 1st Sergt. Age 23. Enfield. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Com on I mT'&r fi 1 sS' w'll'"^ Plank Road. Severely injured (by' horse fallTg Hosp^ ^ ' ' ^^^^«^"^^«- Exp. July 17, 1865, Co. C, sick in Finley Residence, Springfield, Mass. *'*Ser?rj'?°77Kra '5,' Sergt. Age 36 Lowell. Vet. M. Dee. S, 186.3. 1st **Smith, William F. Act'g ist Sergt. 412 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. **Davis, George B. Q. M. Sergt. Age 22. Boston. Vet. Kegtl. Q. M. Sergt. Nov. 1, 1864. Lincoln, Charles S. Q. M. Sergt. Age 27. Chelsea. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Q. M. Sergt. Nov. 1, 1864. Injured in right leg (kicked by horse), July 28, 1864, near Deep Bottom, Ya. In eng. of Co. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Cambridgeport, Mass. McDonald, Dugald M. Com. Sergt. Age 29. Waltham. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Corp. July 1, 1864. Sergt. Nov. 17, 1864. Act'g Regtl. Ordnance Sergt. Dec. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C, as Com. Sergt. Residence, . Swift, Joseph B. Com. Sergt. Age 23. Boston. Vet. [See Co. A.] M. Dec. 5, 1863. Com. Sergt. Julv 1, 1804 ; 1st. Sergt. Co. G ; 1st Sergt. Co. L Nov. 30, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co A (Sergt.). Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Blood, Clark D. Com. Sergt. Age 22. Pittsfield. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Corp. E.vp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C as Corp. Residence, . Alden, Preston D. Sergt. Age 22. Springfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. At dis- mounted camp, Dec. 1, 1864. Deserted Jan. 12, 1865 (Co. C). Residence, . Colby, David H. Sergt. Age 36. Boston. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Sergt. July 1, 1864. Orderly at Gen. Meade's Hdqrs. In principal eng. of Co. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Greenleaf, John. Sergt. Age 25. Boston. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Corp. July 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C as Corp. Residence, . *Pelton, Timothy. Sergt. Age 19. Great Barrington. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Corp. Exp. June 18, 1865, in'Co. C. 2d Lieut. 5th Mass. Cav. May 26, 1865. Exp. Oct. 31, 1865. Musician Co. B 37th M. V. I. M. Aug. 30, 1862. Disch. for dis. Apr. 2, 1863. *Regan, Timothy. Sergt. Age 24. Lowell. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Corp. Missing in action Aug. 16, 1864. Exp. May 28, 1865, in Co. C. Belcher, Charles B. Corp. Age 19. Chelsea. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Corp. July 1, 1864. In all eng. of Co. On escort duty. Gen. Meade's Hdqrs. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, Boston, Mass. Bruce, Henry C. Corp. Age 36. Lowell. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . *CoLE, James M. Corp. Age 29. Williamstown. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. De- tailed Regtl. Com. Dept. Dec. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. GODDARD, Henry M. Corp. Age 33. South Hadley. M. Dec. 5, 1863. De- tailed Wag. Q. M. Dept. (at own request) Dec. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . GooDELL, William. Corp. Age 30. Pittsfield. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Disch. for dis. Dec. 12, 1864. Residence, . Harvey, Henry E. Corp. Age 25. Boston. Vet. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . Hatch, William T. Corp. Age 22. Lowell. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C as Corp. Residence, . Hazlett, John. Corp. Age 38. Adams. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Corp. July 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C as Corp. Residence, . STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 413 Jones, Charles H. Corp. Age 31. Boston. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . McArdle, James. Corp. Age 22. Pittsfield. Vet. M. Dee. 5, 1863. Far. Exp. June 29, 1865, iu Co. C, as blacksmith. Residence, . Murphy, John. Corp. Age 17. Lowell. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, =. Otis, Lemuel T. Corp. Age 21. Boston. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Transferred to 6th N. Y. Battery, Apr. 7, 1864. Residence, . Wilson, Norman. Corp. Age 18. Chelsea. Vet. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Corp. July 1, 1864. Wounded May, 1864. Killed Oct. 1, 1864, Vaughan R., Va. Booth, Daniel B. Bngl. Age 18. Lowell. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, as Bngl. in Co. C. Residence, Nashua, N. H. Hagan, Frank. Bugl. Age 18. Somerville. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Wounded June 15. 1864. Wounded and sick iu hosp. Dec. 1, 1864. Deserted Mar. 5, 1865, from Co. C. Residence, . Merrill, Joseph O. Bugl. Age 37. Natick. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Died Nov. 17, 1864, in hosp. Lowell, Mass. Davis, Patrick. Far. Age 37. Williamstown. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Transferred to Co. L, Oct. 9, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, iu Co. G. Residence, . Lynch, Lawrence. Far. Age 38. Cambridge. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 26. 1865, in Co. F. Residence, . Atwater, Benoni W. Sad. Age 23. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, . Downing, Lewis PL Sad. Age 30. Enfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 10, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . Milliard, David. Wag. Age 44. Springfield. M, Doc. 5, 1863. Died Dec. 16, 1864, Springfield, Mass. (Co. C). Stevens, Joseph L. Wag. Age 36. Springfield. Vet. [See Co. F.] M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . Abbott, Edwin E. Age 30. Stoughton. M. Aug. 12, 1864. Exp. June 4, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, . Adams, Francis. Age 21. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, . Adams, Samuel M. Age 18. Chelsea. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, Co. C, as absent sick. Residence, Chelsea, Mass. **Allen, Newell B. Vet. Allen, Stanton P. Age — . Pittsfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. In eng. of Co. With Co. C on Meade's body guard ; carried despatches during assault on Petersburg and chase of Lee to Appomattox. With Gen. Meade when he called on Lee, in- side of rebel lines, and bis private orderly at grand review, Washington, 1865. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. First enlisted in 21st N. Y. Cav. Aug. 2, 1863. (Age 14 yrs. 5 mos.) Discharged Aug. 31, 1863, habeas corpus (application of father). Residence, Troy, N. Y. 414 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Andrews, Charles E. Age 23. Pittsfield. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 18G3. Exp. May 24, 18(35, ill Co. F. liesidence, . Barnes, Francis. Age 18. Fall River. M. Dee. 5, 18G3. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Kesidenee, . Bassett, Lucius. Age 18. Boston. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Disch. for dis. June 2, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, Boston, Mass. Benoit, Richard. Age 35. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 27, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, ■ . Bliss, Henry J. Age 36. Lee. Vet. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Disch. for dis. Sept. 3, 1804. Residence, . *Bo\VEN, Nelson O. Age 18. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Prov. Guard Dec. 1, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. *BoYD, William A. Age 41. Lowell. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Broderick, Michael. Age 26. Atliol. M. Aug. 29, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. First enlisted Co. B, llth Regt. M. V. I. June 13, 1861. Exp. June 24, 1864. Residence, . Canning, Eugene. Age 28. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. "Wounded in action May 5, 1864, Wilderness. Disch. for dis. June 13, 1865, York llosp. Residence, . Carter, Nelson. Age 23. Hadley. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Wounded and pris. May 5, 1864, Wilderness. Died Dec. 12, 1864, of starvation, Andersonville. (Co. C.) Clark, William C. Age 22. Springfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . Clements, Lawrence. Age 27. Boston. M. Dec 5, 1863. Wounded (sabre cut) in scalp. In hosp. Washington, Feb. 1864. Deserted Mar. 12, 1864, from Co. C. Residence, . COFFRAIN, Henry P. Age 18. Chelsea. ]\I. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, Milwaukee, Wis. Coots, George W. Age 18. Boston. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Transferred to Co. L (new). CuMMiNGS, Charles W. Age 21. Springfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Missing June 24, 1864, St. Mary's Church, Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, . Davis, Charles A. Age 26. Lowell. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Deserted Feb. 18, 1864. Residence, . Day, Albert J. Age 23. Chelsea. Vet. ]\L Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . Dennis, Edward. Age 23. Pittsfield. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, . Dolan, James. Age 28. Boston. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Pris. May 9, 1864, near Beaver Dam Station. Died, Sept. 23, 1864, Andersonville. Donovan, William. Age 38. Lowell. M. Dec. 5, 1863. No record of Exp. in Washington, June, 1890. Residence, . STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 415 Fagan, Bartlett. Age 36. Pittsfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . Fairbanks, Charles F. Age 17. Boston. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, Blue Island, 111. Falvey, Johx E. Age 17. Westfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. No record of Exp. HGsiclcncs, . Feeney, Martin. Age 18. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . Finney, William. Age 26. W. Roxbury. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Slightly .wounded, pris. May 6, 1884, Wilderness. In Andersouville 7 mos. Exp. June 6, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, Brookline, Mass. Ford, Wesley. Age 18. Great Barrington. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Wounded in action May 5, 1864. In liosp. Dec. 1, 1864. No record of Exp. Residence, . Gerry, Elbridge. Age 42. Milford. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Transf. to 239 Co. 1st Batt. V. R. C. Exp. July 5, 1865. Residence, West Upton, Mass. GoDixG, Gilbert H. Age 26. Chelsea. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Sick in hosp. Dec. 1, 18G4. Deserted Jan. 12, 1865, from Co. C. Residence, . Graffan, Charles. Age 29. Lowell. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, . Graves, Henry D. Age 29. Northampton. Vet. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Sick in hosp. Dec. 1, 1864. Disch. for dis. Apr. 8, 1864. Residence, . Harding, George A. Age 26. Boston. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Transf. to V. R. C. Nov. 10, 1864. Residence, . Hartson, George F. Age 18. Boston. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Detailed Regtl. Hdqrs. Dec. 1, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Chelsea, Mass. Hasson, William. Age 20. Great Barrington. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Died in hosp. July 12, 1884. Hatch, Moses. Age 18. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Died of wounds June 10, 1864. HoM, Theodore C. Age 18. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . HoMERSLOUGH, Edward. Age 33. Boston. M. Dee. 5, 1863. Slightly wounded in shoulder Aug. 18, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Homer, Joseph O. Age 21. Boston. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Killed (accidentally) Mar. 15, 1864. Howe, Charles. Age 26. Boston. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Sick in hosp. Dec. 1, 1864. Deserted Mar. 5, 1865, from Co. C. Residence, . Jansex, Eilart. Age 39. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. No record of Exp. Residence, . Janvraix, Herbert S. Age 28. Boston. M. July 7, 1864. Died Oct. 31, 1864, City Point, Va. Jones, Jerry. Age 24. Boston. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Deserted Feb. 17, 1864. Residence, . 416 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Kearney, James W. Age 21. Springfield. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 18G3. Killed Oct. 1, 18G1, Vauglian Road, Va. KiKKY, James L. AgQ 21. Cambridge. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, Ashland, Me. La Fountaine, Louis. Age 22. South Hadley. M. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. for dis. Jan. 13, 18G5, in Co. C. Residence, . Latour, Joseph. Age 25. Chelsea. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Deserted Feb. 17, 1864. Residence, . Lazelle, Nathan E. Age 23. Lowell. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Trausf. to V. R. C. Residence, . Lovejoy, Frank. Age 22. Fall River. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Deserted Jan. 28, 1804. Residence, . LovELL, Oliver. Age 29. Yarmouth. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . Mallory, Edward J. Age 35. Great Harrington. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. At dismounted camp Dec. 1, 1864. Deserted Jan. 12, 1865, from Co. C. Residence, . Mallory, George. Age 18. Great Barrington. M. Dec. 5, 1863. At dismounted camp Dec. 1, 1864. Deserted Jan. 12, 1865, from Co. C. Residence, . Manning, Bryan. Age 22. Somerset. M. Apr. 8, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . *McCarroll, John. Age 29. Lowell. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Disch. for dis. May 28, 1865, in Co. C. McQuADE, Arthur. Age 21. Lowell. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. Residence, Lowell, Mass. Mellenday, Ellis. Age 21. Cambridge. M. Aug. 5, 1864. Exp. May 17, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . Merrill, Perry O. Age 21. Springfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Pris. Aug. 19, 1864. Died of starvation, Florence, N. C. (Co. C). O'CoNNELL, John. Age 35. Boston. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Deserted Mar. 26, 1864. Residence, . O'Harra, Timothy. Age 21. Boston. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . *0wENS, Samuel. Age 18. North Adams. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. F. PiNSENAULT, Jacob (Pinseno). Age 23. Springfield. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Pris. Aug. 19, 1864. Died Nov. 2, 1864, of starvation, Andersonville (Co. C). Sands, George H. Age 31. Clielsea. Vet. ]\L Dec. 5, 1863. 2d Lieut. 1st U. S. C. T., Sept. 30, 1864. 1st Lieut, do. Nov. 18, 1864. Residence, . Seeley, Samuel W. Age 18. Chelsea. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Ex-p. June 29, 1865, in Co. C. Residence, . Shannon, Daniel. Age 21. Pittsfield. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Disch. for dis. Mar. 30, 1865. Residence, . LEWIS JONES CHARLES A. KIHLGREEN H COMPANY STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 417 Steele, William. Age 24. Great Barrington. Vet. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Deserted Feb. 18, 1864. SuLL^v'S' jlM^T'Age 17. Chester. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, iu Co.C. TAyfofGi'LEsT^ge 21. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Wounded July 28, 1864, New Market. Died of wounds July 30, 1864. ^ ^an4 *Thorntox, Owen. Age 21. Boston. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Pris. May 9, 1864, near Beaver Dam Station. Exp. June 10 1865, i" ^ o. ^ .o lefi- ;,. Pn C Tool, Thomas. Age 31. Lowell. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Lxp. June 12, I860, in Co. C. Residence, Lowell, Mass. „„ . ,. .^ 1 VosE, Frederick A. Age 18. Chelsea. M. Dec. 5, 1863. At dismounted camp Dec. 1, 1864. Deserted Jan. 12, 1865, from Co. C. ViNiNGfHENRY"ir"Age21. Plaiiifield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 29, 1865 (on furlough), in Co. C. Wa™n,"k^'. Age 21. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. H. WiLS^otcHll^"''A^ge^^^ Fall River. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Deserted Feb. 7. 1864. WilSr!'frede";;7kA. Age 18. Cambridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Disch. for dis. May 3, 1865, from hosp., G. O. 77, A. G. O. (Co. H). Residence, Dorchester, Mass. ,^ ^ ^- -.o^o ta- i * -i-. iu„^ WooDW-^RD, Joel S. Age 41. Lowell. M. Dec. 5, 1863. Disch. for dis. May 11, 1865, from hosp., G. O. 77, A. G. O. (Co. H). Residence, . COMPANY K (Old). Belcher, Allen F. 1st Sergt. Age 19. Foxboro M Sept. 23, 1861 Reen- listed Jan. 1, 1864. Com. Sergt. 4th Cav. July 6, 1864 ; 2d Lieut. July 27, 1864, 1st Lieut. Feb. 1, 1865. Exp. June 6, 1865, as Bvt. Capt. Residence, Foxboro, Mass. ,r /^ .. oo iq/.i t? x„ Hazelwood, Robert B. 1st Sergt. Age 24. Boston. M Oct. 23 1861 Reen- listed Apr. 21, 1864. Commissioned 2d Lieut. (4th Cav.) June 6, 1865 (not M.}. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . „^ ,, -«r o i. -i/i iq«i *TiRRELL, Albert H. 1st Sergt. Age 22. Weymouth. M. Sept. 14, 1861. 2d Lieut. U. S. C. T., May 5, 1863. ,, ^ . ^ -,0^1 t? •• r ^ ^ Tripp, Joseph. Q. M. Sergt. Age 19. Fairhaven. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, San Francisco, Cal. , «^ -.0^-1 t? ■• Dupee, Horace E. Com. Sergt. Age 28. Foxboro. M. Sept. 25, 186L Reen- listed Apr. 21, 1864. In principal eng. of Co. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Norwood, Mass. -.^r t^ ^ ioca t?,^ Bacon, Charles D. Com. Sergt. Age 21. Foxboro. M. Dec. 4, 1864. Exp. Dec. 3, 1864. Residence, Marlboro, Mass. . Blaisdell, Frank A. Sergt. Age 34. Boston. M .Tan. 2 1862. Corp. Aug., 1862 • Sero-t. Nov., 1862. Reenlisted Jan., 1864. Practically in all eng. of Co. Severely w'ounded, head (rifle ball), Feb. 14, 1864, Barber's Ford ; wounded, arm, slight, Petersburg ; wounded, arm, left leg, RiehmonfL On detached ser. Grant s Hdqrs., Petersb.frg; Terry's and Weitzel's Hdqrs. Richmond ; Butlers Hdqrs. Deep Bottom. Exp. Dec. 2, 1865. Residence, Medford, Mass. 418 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. *BuLLOCK, Preserved. Sergt. Age 25. New Bedford. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Regtl. Com. Sergt, Oct. 15, 1862 ; 1st Lieut. (4th Cav.) Jan. 19, 1864. Exp. Jan. 23, 1865. Hawes, William H. Sergt. Age 23. Wrentham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reeu- listed Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . HoLLis, Lakoy S. Sergt. Age 26. Weymouth. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Raudolph, Mass. HooBAN, Michael. Sergt. Age 19. Dorchester. M. Jan. 20, 1862. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, St. Francis, Cal. HoRNE, LoRiNG R. Sergt. Age 26. Charlestown. M. Feb. 14, 1862. Exp. Oct. 14, 1864. Residence, Elizabeth (Elbert Co.), Colorado. Phinney, William W. Sergt. Age 21. Sandwich. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Pris. Mar. 5, 1864, Camp Finnegau, while scouting ; in Andersonville till Sept., 1864 ; then sent to Charleston (Fair Grounds) ; escaped and was recaptured ; contined in Florence, 8. C, and Goldsboro, N. C. Died, spring of 1865, Fortress Monroe, while being exchanged. *RiCKETSOx, Joseph R. Sergt. Age 25. Fall River. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reen- listed Apr. 21, 1864. Disch. for dis. Jan. 15, 1865. *Soule, William T. Sergt. Age 25. New Bedford. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Reen- listed Feb. 4, 1864 ; 2d Lieut. 4th Cav. Jan. 19, 1864 ; 1st Lieut. Dec. 10, 1864 ; Capt. July 5, 1865 (not M.). Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. *TiNKHAM, Henry B. Sergt. Age 21. Taunton. M. Oct. 5, 1861. 2d Lieut. 2d S. C. Vols. June 1, 1863. Shaw, Albert F. Sergt. Age 27. New Bedford. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Corp. Feb., 1863. Sergt. Aug., 1863. On detached ser. as Sergt. of Patrol Sept., 1863, to Feb., 1864, Beaufort. In principal eng. of Co. to Exp. Oct. 8, 1864. Residence, Taunton, Mass. Whitcomb, John M. Sergt. Age 21. Weymouth. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Disch. for dis. Jan. 7, 1862. Residence, East Weymouth, Mass. Bartel, Leopold. Corp. Age 22. New Bedford. M. Dec. 26, 1861. Corp. Oct. 15, 1862. Wounded in left shoulder while on duty as jailer, July 16, 1863, Beaufort. In all eng. with Co. to Exp. Dec. 3, 1864. Residence, New Bedford, Mass. Richmond, Cyrus A. Corp. Age 28. New Bedford. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Disch. for dis. Oct. 5, 1862. Residence, . *Tierney, James. Corp. Age 26. Newton. M. Dec. 4, 1861. Exp. Dec. 3, 1864. *DeBank, Mark a. Corp. Age 28. Boston. M. Feb. 10, 1862. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. Dishon. disch. Nov. 29, 1865, by O. W. D. (4th Cav.) Daggett, William A. Bugl. Age 19. Braintree. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Exp. Sept. 21, 1864. Residence, Hingham, Mass. Krouse, Herman. Bugl. Age 19. Boston. M. Mar. 5, 1862. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Ex^). Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Peabody, Mass. *Baker, Reuben L. i31acksmith. Age 24. Abington. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. *Allen, Rufus C. Age 21. Dartmouth. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. *Atherton, Francis M. Age 25. Boston. M. Feb. 11, 1862. Disch. for dis. Apr. 23, 1863. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 419 *Bacon, Newton W. Age 18. Foxboro. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Exp. Oct. 16, Baker^ Charles G. Age 26. New Bedford. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Discb. for dis. July 8, 1862. Residence, . „ , . -n Bassett, Orville. Age 21. New Bedford. M. Oct. 5, 1861. 3d Asst. Engr. m Navy, Jan. 22, 1863. On U. S. steamers Sacramento and Ticonderoga. Eng. Fort Fisher. Diseb. Aug. 9, 1865. Residence, Windsor, Conn. ^^. t^ o ^^ n^ Belcher, Alfred C. Age 19. Weymoutb. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. ., , • ^ x *Brenxan, Gerald. Age 31. Dedbam. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Detaded m 1st Band. Discb. for dis. July 30, 1862. Bryant, Edwin. Age 19. New Bedford. M. Oct. 15, 1861. Exp. Oct. 14, 1864. X^PSlCL6nC6 , BuRDETT, James F. Age 30. Lynn. M. Nov. 11, 1861. Discb. for dis. Apr. 22, 1862. RgsicIgiicg. -. Cahill, Thomas. Age 21. Weymoutb. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Died Feb. 10, 1864, from wound received in tbigb. Barber's Ford, Fla. Caswell, Washington T. Age 28. Dedbam. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Detaded m band. Died Aug. 24, 1863. Chaplain, Moses. Colored Cook. Age 21. Beaufort, S. C. M. Aug. 19, 1863. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. KiGSiclGIlCG, — , CoLSON, Frederick B. Age 21. Weymoutb. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1863. Exp. Nov. 7, 1865. R-gsicIgiicg • Copeland, Ambrose. Age 33. Marlboro. M. Mar. 18, 1862. Exp. Oct. 14, 1864. RGSiClGllCG — Crockett, Edmund. Age 41. Nortb Bridgewater. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Discb. for dis. Sept. 25, 1862. Residence, Campello, Mass. ^ ti» Dam, Joseph. Age 45. Dedbam. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Rejected (over age). M. out Oct. 24, 1861. TijGsicIgiicg — ■—. Doran, Thomas. Age 24. Middleboro. M. Nov. 11, 1861. Exp. Nov. 10, 1864. Ii.GSlClGn.CG - — . *Eaton, William T. Age 27. Randolph. M. Sept. 19, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. t.. , , t Edwards, Henry D. Age 25. New Bedford. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Discb. for dis. Dec. 27, 1861. XijGSIcIgIICG • Farrington, 'Ellery O. Age 23. Mansfield. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Lynn, Mass. . i * Feltis, William H. Age 18. Quincy. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. RgsicIgiicg . Fennard, George A. Age 21. Middleboro. M. Mar. 17, 1862. Wounded in tbigb Feb. 10, 1864, Barber's Ford. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . 420 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Field, Waldo. Age 40. North Bridgewater. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. ^ Residence, Brockton, Mass. ♦Frasier, James B. Age 19. Braintree. M. Nov. 26, 1861. Pris. Barnwell Island. Exp. Jan. 4, 1865. Oilman, Caleb K. Age 38. Abington. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Discli. for dis. Dec. 2, 1862. Residence, Gilmanton, N. H. Gray, Loring. Age 34. Dartmouth. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Disch. for dis. June 23, 1862. Residence, . Green, James B. Age 21. Boston. M. Feb. 16, 1862. Exp. Oct. 14, 1864. Residence, . *Green, Thomas. Age 21. Roxbury. M. Mar. 1, 1862. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Hall, Amasa B. Age 28. Boston. M. Feb. 18, 1862. Exp. Oct. 14, 1864. Residence, . Hall, John A. Age 22. Plymouth. M. Dec. 18, 1861. Disch. for dis. Apr. 22, 1862. Residence, Brockton, Mass. Hawes, Bradford. Age 17. Weymouth. M. Nov. 11, 1861. Nurse in hosp. Sept., 1863, to May, 1864. Acting hosp. steward, 2d Batt. at Olustee and before Petersburg. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Residence, East Weymouth, Mass. Hayward, Lewis B. Age 34. Bridgewater. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, . Hobart, Henry A. Age 20. Braintree. M. Nov. 26, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Corps Sergt. 4th Cav. Exp. Aug. 9, 1865. Residence, Los Angeles, Cal. Hutchinson, Matthew. Ar:,e 34. Milford. M. Jan. 14, 1862. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Died Aug. 23, 1864, Hatcher's Run. Ide, Smith M. Age 25. New Bedford. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Oct. 8, 1864. Residence, New Bedford, Mass. Klng, Charles. Age 25. Boston. M. Nov. 26, 1861. Exp. Nov. 25, 1864. Residence, Lynn, Mass. Kingsbury, Henry D. Age 21. Franklin. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Oct. 8, 1864. Residence, . Lamont, John C. Age 26. Chelsea. M. Jan. 29, 1862. Killed Mar. 1, 1864, McGurth's Creek, Fla. Lamson, John H. Age 20. Quincy. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Wounded right foot (gun-shot) and pris. Feb. 10, 1864, Olustee. p]leven months at Tallahassee and Andersonville. "Weight at capture, 165 lbs.; at escape (from Andersonville), 65 lbs." Exp. Jan. 24, 1865. Enlisted 4th Regt. Inf. M. V. M. Apr. 22, 1861. Exp. July 22, 1861. Residence, Cambridgeport, Mass. Lear, Charles B. Age 22. Lynn. M. Dec. 11, 1861. Exp. Dec. 10, 1864. Residence, . Lloyd, Thomas W. Age 26. New York. M. Jan. 4, 1862. Exp. Oct. 14, 1864. Residence, . Merrow, William O. Age 27. Uxbridge. M. Mar. 7, 1862. Disch. for dis. Nov. 18, 1862. Residence, New Sharon, Me. MiNiER, Barney. Age 32. New Bedford. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Deserted Dec. 25, 1861. Residence, . STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 421 Noble, Joseph A. Age 33. Dedbam. M. Dec. 22, 1861. Deserted June 12, 1862. XvCSlClGllCG -, Oliver, William. Age 18. Natlck. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Keenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Deserted July 28, 1865. Residence, . O'Malley, James. Age 22. Roxbury. M. Feb. 18, 1862. Exp. Oct. 14, 1864. R-GSlClGllCG ■ Parker, Charles D. Age 26. Readville. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Discb. for dis. July 8, 1862. 1?.gsi(1giicg • Parker, John, Jr. Age 21. Quincy. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Lieut. U. S. C. T. Aug. 15, 1865. RGSlClGnCG . Partridge, George V. Age 19. Medway. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Wounded and died May 2, 1864, Beaufort, S. C. Penniman, George F. Age 24. Braintree. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. KiGsid-GIlCG . *Perkins, Abraham F. Age 20. Mereditb, N. H. M. Dec. 4, 1861. Exp. Dec. o -1 ani *Perkins, Oscak. Age 24. Mereditb, N. H. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Exp. Oct. 21, 1804. ^ „ . , ^ Pond, Charles H. Age 19. Foxboro. M. Sept. 19, 1861. In all eng. witb Co. Corp. 4tb Cav. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Attleboro, Mass. Pratt, Chester D., 2d. Age 23. Weymoutb. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Discb. for dis. Nov. 17, 1862. H-GSlClGllCG • Robertson, Joseph W. Age 22. New Bedford. M. Dec. 11, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, New Bedford, Mass. Rogers, Frank M. Age 26. New Bedford. M. Feb. 4, 1862. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. Deserted Aug. 14, 1865. XV 'SlClGllCG *• *Roock, Charles C. Age 45. New Bedford. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Discb. for dis. June 23, 1862. Shaw, Alonzo M. Age 19. Mansfield. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Tbrown from borse (arm broken) Mar. 3, 1863, Barnwell's Plantation, Beaufort. Discb. for dis. (caused by the injury) Apr. 22, 1863. Residence, Cbarlestown, Mass. Simonds, John F. Age 22. North Bridge water. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Transf. to Co. C. *Skinner, DeWitt C. Age 33. Stoughton. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, Smith, Albert B. Age 32. Abington. M. Mar. 22, 1862. Died May 22, 1862, Hilton Head, S. C. Smith, John E. Age 20. Middleboro. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 20, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. R/GSlClGllCG - Smith, Samuel H. Age 40. Dartmouth. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Discb. for dis. Jan. 13, 1862. ^i6SlQGIlC6 * Snow, Austin H. Age 33. North Bridgewater. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Discb. from Band by O. W. D. Apr. 24, 1862. Residence, Lynn, Mass. 422 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. SouLE, Benjamin F. Age 27. New Bedford. M. Oct. 5, 18G1. Exp. Oct 8 18G4. ^ ■ ' Residence, New Bedford, Mass. Staples, Job M. Age 17. Lakeville. M. Nov. 11, 1861. Exp. Nov. 11, 1864. Kesideiice, Middleboro, Mass. Steele, Charles H, Age 18. Worcester. M. Dec. 26, 1861. Disch. for dis July 29, 1862. Residence, . Swain, Charles B. Age 32. New Bedford. M. Oct. 23. 1861. Died Nov. 4. 1862, Beaufort, S. C. Swain, Francis. Age 24. Lynn. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Dec. 10, 1864. Residence, Lynn, Mass. *Thayer, Hiram. Age 35. West Bridgewater. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. for dis. Apr. 22, 1862. Tucker, George L. Age 18. Stoughton. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Reeulisted Apr. 21,1864. In all eng. of Co. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Stoughton, Mass. TuTTLE, Reuben. Age 20. Frauconia, N. IL M. Dec. 11, 1861. Disch. for dis Oct. 1, 1862. Residence, Glenwood, Mass. *Watson, Lewis. Age 30. Newton. M. Feb. 6, 1862. Disch. for dis. Oct. 2. 1862. Welch, William. Age 19. West Bridgewater. M. Sept. 16, 1861. In all en?, of Co. Exp. Sept. 28, 1864. Residence, Portland, Ore. White, Leonard N. Age 27. Stoughton. M. Sept. 14, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. i^ V , Residence, Stoughton, Mass. Williams, John. Age 41. New York. M. Aug 11, 1862. No record of exp. Residence, . Wood, Horatio. Age 18. New Bedford. M. Dec. 24, 1861. Regtl. Q. M. Sergt. Died on Steamer Ericsson, June 23, 1862, en route from Port Royal to his home. (Disch. for dis. dated July 2, 1862.) Wood, James H. Age 23. Quiucy. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Oct. 8, 1864. Residence, . COMPANY K (New). Mulliken, William. 1st Sergt. Age 24. Harvard. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Wounded in face and leg May 5, 1864, Wilderness. Died June 3, 1864. *Coville, Thomas H. Com. Sergt. Age 29. Cambridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Pris. May 6, 1864, Wilderness. Returned to regt. May 12. In all eng. of Co. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Bates, William H. Sergt. Age 22. Pittsfleld. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1S65, in Co. A. Residence, . Greeley, Charles H. Sergt. Age 24. Pittsfleld. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Hagar, George E. Sergt. Age 22. Pittsfleld. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Missing in action May [5-6], 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, D.ilton, Mass. Jeffrey, George C. Sergt. Age 27. South Danvers. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Wounded May, 1864. Disch. for dis. July 1, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, East Saugus, Mass. Kennedy, Samuel. Sergt. Age 22. Cambridge. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Pris. May [5-14], 1864, Wilderness. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A (absent sick). Residence, . COM. SERGT. EDW. T. GEORGE VIRGIL MARCELLUS ELAISDELL SAMUEL M. PATTERSON MOODY K. STACY Q. M. SERGT. J. H. WALKER WILLIAM A. VINING CHAS. E. GRATON Enlisted as C. E. Danforih. Recruit 4tli Cav. I COMPANY (OLD) STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 423 Morgan, Charles H. Sergt. Age 26. Cambridge. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Lynn, Mass. Hara, Jean O'. Sergt. Age 36. Orleans. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Hosp. Steward Dec. 24, 1864. Disch. July 18, 1865, O. W. D. Residence, . Smith, Arthur P. Sergt. Age 18. Adams. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Wounded in neck and pris. May 11, 1864, Ashland Station. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Sullivan, Cornelius D. Sergt. Age 21. Dedham. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Disch. for dis. Dec. 28, 1864, in Co. A. Residence, Greenfield, Mass. Schuyler, Theodore. Sergt. Age 27. Cambridge. M. Dec. 29, 1863. De- serted Feb. 18, 1864. Residence, . Adams, Stephen. Corp. Age 29. Brighton. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Transferred to Co. A Oct., 1864. Pris. May 6, 1864, Todd's Tavern. No record of parole or disch- Residence, . Chapin, Edmund E. Corp. Age 19. Hadley. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Clarke, Seldox Y., Jr. Corp. Age 18. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Crawford, James. Corp. Age 19. Salem. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Wounded, right thigh (gunshot), Todd's Tavern, May 7, 1864. Pris. May 9, 1864, from field hosp. ; recaptured in 8 days. In eng. of Co. to June 19, 1865, when disch. for dis. caused from being thrown from horse (Co. A). Residence, Lowell, Mass. Dolphin, Michael H. Corp. Age 22. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Pittsfield, Mass. Fuller, Wellington. Corp. Age 21. Dalton. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, ■. Helme, Alonzo. Corp. Age 37. Adams. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Wellington, Kansas. Holien, Brien, Corp. Age 21. Adams. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Pris. May [5-6], 1864. Died June 5, 1864, Richmond, Va. JoSELYN, WiLMOT J. Corp. Age 27. Lanesboro. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Pris. May 9, 1864, near Beaver Dam Station. Exp. June 14, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Syracuse, N. Y. Magee, Henry. Corp. Age 34. Chelsea. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Transferred to Navy Apr. 27, 1864. Residence, . Swan, William H. Corp. Age 18. Adams. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Deserted May 25, 1865, Alexandria, Va., in Co. A. Residence, . Hallowell, Josiah R. Bugl. Age 18. Stoughton. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Boston, Mass. Randall, Edward F. Bugl. Age 18. Boston. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Pris. May 5, 1864, Todd's Tavern. Died Nov. 8, 1864, Millen, Ga. (Co. A). Carter, Eli. Far. Age 22. Springfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . 424 FIRST 3IASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. HiNES, Daniel R. Far. Age 31. Lanesboro. M. Dec. 29, 18C3. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Wood, John. Sad. Age 23. Pittsfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Andrews, Alvin. Age 24. Chelsea. M. Dec. 23, 1863. Pris. May 9, 1864, near Beaver Dam Station. Died July 5, 1864, Chester, Va. Beckwith, John H. Age 18. Sandisfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Wounded in leg May 5, 1864, Wilderness. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Camden, N. J. BOGART, Henry O. Age 18. Adams. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Practically in all eng. of Co. Exp. June 21, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Holyoke, Mass. Brown, Charles M. Age 24. Boston. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Deserted Feb. 18, 1864. Residence, . Broderick, Donald. Age 27. Great Barriugton. M. Dec. 29, 1863. No record of disch., War Dept., Aug. 23, 1887. Residence, . Brophy, Joseph B. Age 39. Boston. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Burrows, Samuel. Age 21. Adams. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Killed May 5, 1864, Wilderness. Carpenter, Calvin. Age 37. Lanesboro. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Died Sept. 26, 1864, Satterlee Hosp., Philadelphia. Carroll, George. Age 18. Boston. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Casey, JMaurice. Age 28. Pittsfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Killed Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem Plank Road. Cavanaugh, John. Age 21. Boston. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Wounded in leg May [5-14], Wilderness. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Marlboro, Mass. Clark, Michael. Age 22. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Wounded in foot May 5, 1864, Wilderness. Deserted Oct. 14, 1864, furlough from Campbell Genl. Hosp. Residence, . Clough, Martin. Age 35. Roxbury. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Collins, William. Age 18. Springfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Died Aug. 31, 1864. Connors, John. Age 23. AVest Roxbury. M. Dee. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A as absent sick. Residence, . *CoNLON, John. Age 23. Springfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Discb. for dis. May 29, 1865, in Co. A. Dean, John A. Age 21. Williamstown. JM. Jan. 14, 1864. Wounded in shoul- der Aug. 23, 1864, Ream's Station. Died of wounds Sept. 5, 1864. DusHELM, Leon. Age 22. Great Barriugton. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Pris. May 9, 1864, near Beaver Dam Station. Died July 1, 1864, Andersonville, Ga. Emerson, Alfred E. Age 18. Boston. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Evans, Henry M. Age 18, Lee. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Pris. of war. Died Oct. 26, 1864, Andersonville, Ga. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 425 FoOTE, Noah. Age 21. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, ia Co. A. RgsicIgiicg* — . Gay, Charles R. Age 35. Cambridge. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Pris. May 9, 1864, near Beaver Dam Station. Died Aug. 1, 1864, Andersonville, Ga. Golden, Thomas. Age 21. Boston. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. K^csiciGiicG — — , Good, John. ' Age 18. Dedham. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. KjGsiciGllCG ■, Gray, Hiram's. Age 27. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Died Aug. 17, 1864. GuPTiL, Cornelius R. Age 22. Roxbury. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Horse shot May 11, 1864, near Ashland, Va. ; ankle dislocated by horse falling. Sent from hosp. to Camp Stonemau for remount ; with dismounted men, armed as Inf., in eng. Snicker's Gap, July 17, 1864. In all eng. of Co. except when absent injured. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Charlestown, Mass. Hackett, Peter. Age 18. Conway. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, m Co. A. Residence, Conway, Mass. Hackett, William. Age 29. Cambridge. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Hills, John F. Age 28. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Killed in action Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem Plank Road. Hood, James W. Age 29. Lowell. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, m Co. A. KjGsicIgiicg ■ Hood, John. ' Age 20. Lowell. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Hunter, Robert. Age 29. Adams. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Killed May 5, 1864, Wilderness. Jackley, Jacob. Age 22. Dalton. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Horse shot ; breast bone and finger broken by horse falling. Detached six weeks in 1st N. H. Cav., at Sandy Hook, Winchester, Strasburg. In eng. of Co. when not detached. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. RgsIcIgiicg BclltiirG Oliio. Jeffers, Franklin. Age 18. Adams. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Detached with 6th N. Y. Battery. X\ G S 1 ClG 11 C G • Jennings, Walter D. Age 18. Adams. M. Dec. 29, 1863. In all eng. of Co. Injured by horse falling on him, spring of 1865, near Petersburg, Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Long Lake, N. Y. Johnson, Peter. Age 23. Boston. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A as absent wounded. Residence, . Knippe, Henry H. Age 19. Sandwich. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Pris. May 9, 1864, near Beaver Dam Station. Died Aug. 8, 1864, Andersonville, Ga. Leyman, John. Age 19. Lanesboro. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Pris. of war. Died July 10, 1864, Andersonville, Ga. Lucas, William. Age 22. Springfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Pris. May 9, 1864, near Beaver Dam Station. Exp. May 5, 1865, in Co. A. XvGSlQGllCG ^^— — Lutsinger, Frank. Age 21. Great Barrington. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Missing in action, May, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, • 426 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Luther, Joseph IL Age 22. Orleans. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Lynch, Jeremiah R. Age 18. Watertown. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Madden, James. Age 18. Marlboro. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. July 20, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Spencer, Mass. Maker, James. Age 21. Pittsfleld. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . McDoNOUGH, John. Age 33. Great Barringtou. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . McIntire, Edward. Age 18. Lanesboro. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Wounded in left arm July 28, 1864, New Market. Exp. May 25, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Moui.TON, Lewis F. Age 26. Adams. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Transf. to V. R. C. Residence, Fownal Centre, Vt. Owens, David. Age 22. Lee, M. Dec. 29, 1863. Deserted Feb. 19, 1861. Residence, . O'Day, Edward. Age 18. Canton. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Pond, John P. Age 25. Cambridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Wounded in face May [5-14], Wilderness. Exp. July 18, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Reynolds, Charles. Age 21. Boston. M. Dee. 29, 186-3. Trausf. to Y. R. C. Residence, ■. Roberts, Edward V. Age 21. Pittsfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Pris. Mav, 1864. Died Sept. 21, 1864, Andersonville, Ga. Rohan, Patrick, Age 18. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Pittsfield, Mass. See, John. Age 36. Lee. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Shay, Patrick, Age 28. Boston. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Deserted Feb. 19, 1864. Residence, . Smith, Maddison B. Age 25. Westfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . SowDEN, John. Age 23. Cheshire. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 10, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Stanton, George W. Age 20. Adams. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Deserted Feb. 16, 1864. Residence, . Sullivan, Thomas A. Age 19, Worcester. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Missing July 28, 1864, New Market. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. Suppknaugh, John. Age 18. Great Harrington. M, Dec. 29, 1863. Wounded in thigh Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem Plank Road. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, -. Terry, Reuben L. Age 31. Williamstown, M. Jan. 14, 1864. Deserted Nov, 1, 1864. Resideuccv , IRVING WAT£R,V1AN STANTON P. ALLEN CORP. CHAS. B. BELCHER NELSON O. BOWEN 1 COMPANY (NEW) STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 427 Thomas, James H. Age 27. Pittsfield. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 26, 1865 ill Co. A. Residence, Hinsdale, Mass. TiNGAY, William. Age 26. Cambridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Pris. May 9, 1864, near Beaver Dam Station. Died Ang. 10, 1864, Andersonville, Ga. ToziER, Henry A. Age 21. Dorchester. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Disch. for dis. July 11, 1864. X\jPS1c1g11C6 ' * TuTTLE, Frank. Age 18. Boston. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Exp. June 12, 1865, in Co. A. Xfc ^ S 1 fl G 11 C G — ^^^— Walker, Henry. Age 25. Cambridge. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Died July 9, 1864. WnEELOCK, William T. Age 24. Adams. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Transf. from Co. A. to U. S. Battery. Residence, . Whitney, George W. H. H. Age 25. Adams. M. Dec. 29, 1863. Wounded in neck, Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem Plank Road. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Williams, John. Age 25. Boston. M. Dec. 29, 1863. No record of Exp. Residence, . Willsey, John V. Age 29. Cheshire. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Transf. to Navy Apr. 27, 1864. JAjGSIcIgIICG . Woodruff, John G. Age 27. Cheshire. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Pris. May 9, 1864, near Beaver Dam Station. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Adams, Mass. COMPANY L (Old). Caldwell, John A. 1st Sergt. Age 29. Lowell. M. Sept. 25, 1861. 1st Lieut. (4th Cav.) Jan. 19, 1864. Capt. Jan. 5, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865, Bvt. Maj. Residence, . Lee, John. 1st Sergt. Age — . Stow. M. Dec. 26, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. 2d Lieut. (4th Cav.) July 13, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865, as 1st Sergt. Residence, Lenox Furnace, Mass. Fessenden, William H. Q. M. Sergt. Age 23. Dorchester. M. Dec. 4, 1861. Corp. ; Sergt. ; Q. M. Sergt. Oct. 15, 1862. Slightly wounded, finger (fragment of shell) June 16, 1862, James Island. Detailed in band, Chief Bugl., Hilton Head. In all eng. of Co. while in S. C. and Fla. Disch. for dis. (caused by exposure in eng., Pocotaligo) Apr. 22, 1863. Residence, Boston, Mass. Welsh, Martin. Com. Sergt. Age 20. Waltham. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Reen- listed Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Boston, Mass. Carr, Alonzo a. Sergt. Age 25. Ashby. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Orderly at post hdqrs., Beaufort. Sergt. Feb. 1, 1864. In eng. of Co. to Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Ashby, Mass. Chapman, Edwin. Sergt. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. May 14, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. Collins, Joseph W. Sergt. Age 36. Boston. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. for dis. Feb., 1863. Residence, Beaufort, S. C. Flanagan, James. Sergt. Age 27. Natick. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. 2d Lieut. (4th Cav.) Jan. 5, 1865. 1st Lieut. July 13, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Natick, Mass. 428 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. GooDNOw, Edgar W. Sergt. Age 21. AValtham. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. 1st Lieut. (4tli Cav.) Jan. 19, 1864. Exp. Nov. 12, 1864. Residence, . *Hervey, Albert G. Sergt. Age 22. Andover. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reen- listed Apr. 21, 1864. Regtl. Com. Sergt. (4tli Cav.) Dec. 2, 1864. 2d Lieut. May 17, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865, as Regtl. Com. Sergt. Holmes, Silas S. Sergt. Age 22. Lowell. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Died Nov. 21, 1862, Beaufort, S. C. Keif, Thomas. Sergt. Age 20. Bridgewater. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. 2d Lieut. (4th Cav.) Apr. 6, 1865. 1st Lieut. July 13, 1865. Dismissed Nov. 20, 1865. Residence, . Parker, Niles G. Sergt. Age 34. Haverhill. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Promoted Feb. 25, 1863, in 1st S. C. Colored Regt. Residence, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. Poor, George W. Sei-gt. Age 22. Lawrence. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. Regtl. Com. Sergt. Feb. 21, 1865 (4th Cav.). 2d Lieut. Apr. 7, 1865. 1st Lieut. July 8, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865, as 2d Lieut. Residence, Hudson, Mass. Qualters, Michael. Sergt. Age 24. Waltham. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . Sargent, Alfred M. Sergt. Age 25. Haverhill. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. 2d Lieut. (4th Cav.) Nov. 15, 1864. Resigned May 11, 1865. Residence, . Stockbridge, Lindley H. Sergt. Age 21. Haverhill. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Transf. to V. R. C. July 1, 1863. 1st Sergt. Co. F (V. R. C). 2d Lieut. (4th Cav.) Feb. 1, 1865. 1st Lieut. Apr. 26, 1865. Resigned July 21, 1865. Residence, Haverhill, Mass. Trask, Hfnry D. Sergt. Age 19. West Cambridge. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Re- enlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Disch. for promotion Nov. 29, 1864. Residence, . *Wetherbee, Ephraim C. Sergt. Age 45. Concord. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Disch. for dis. Nov. 23, 1863. Butterfield, George F. Corp. Age 20. Sudbury. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Ord. to Gen. Saxton, Beaufort, and Gen. Gilraan Marston before Petersburg, Va. Corp. Sept., 1864. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Saxonville, Mass. Cass, Charles W. Corp. Age 21. Plaistow, N. H. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Corp. after Olnstee, Feb., 1864. Exp. Oct. 5, 1864. Residence, Plaistow, N. IL Fern, Almond P. Corp. Age 42. Nottingham, N. H. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Died Aug. 6, 1862, Beaufort, S. C. Pierce, Amos. Corp. Age 43. Townsend. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Detailed with Asst. Surg. De Wolf, winter 1861-62. In S. C. heat and sand affected eyes, causing disch. for dis. (from Mt. Pleasant Hosp., Washington) Dec. 12, 1862. Reenlisted July 12, 1864, V. R. C. Transf. to 2(1 Co. Provisional Cav. Sept. 24, 1864. On President's body guard. Disch. for dis. Feb. 14, 1865. Residence, AVest Townsend, Mass. Short, Patrick H. Corp. Age 21. Lowell. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, . Strang, Gabriel. Corp. Age 33. New S.alem. M. Dec. 26, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Killed Apr. 6, 1865, High Bridge Station, Va. WiLLARD, James A. Corp. Age 21. Townsend. M Oct. 5, 1861. Disch. for dis. May 11, 1862, Beaufort. Residence, Ashby, Mass. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 429 Willis, Frank E. Bugl. Age 19. Sudbury. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Wounded Feb. 20, 1864, Olustee. Exp. Sept. 24, 18G4. llesideiiec, . Wall, William H. H. Sad. Age 21. Augusta, Me. M. Sept. 23, 1861. In eng. of Co. Thrown from horse, injured left ankle, summer, 1863. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. GiLSON, Peter. Wag. Age 40. Gardner. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, . Atwood, Charles C. Age 28. Lowell. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Lowell, Mass. *Ayers, John C. Age 37. Boston. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 16, 1862. Bailey, Orin A. Age 21. Haverhill. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, . *Balentine, Elijah. Age 27. Haverhill. M. Oct. 25, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Blanchard, Trueman C. Age 33. Haverhill. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . Branan, Martin. Age 30. Waltham. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, . *Brady, Patrick. Age 18. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1834. Brown, Edward Q. Age 22. Haverhill. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Oct. 15, 1862. Residence, . Bruce, Lorenzo. Age 23. Townsend. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Exp. Oct. 19, 1864. Residence, Charlestown, Mass. Burns, Richard. Age 29. Newark, N. J. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Killed Feb. 10, 1864, Barber's Ford, Fla. Carville, Henry. Age 25. Waltham. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Deserted Nov. 17, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Carney, John. Age 18. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Aug. 19, 1864. Residence, . *-**Chase, William. Clancy, James C. Age 22. Roxbury. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Deserted Nov. 25, 1861. Residence, . Cobleigh, Charles C. Age 19. Townsend. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864, as Bugl. Residence, Cambridge, Mass. Cody, James. Age 26. Lexington. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Disch. for dis. Nov. 16, 1861. Residence, . *Colby, William. Age 27. Haverhill. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Cook, Thomas. Age 21. Waltham. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Deserted Nov. 1, 1861, Readville. Residence, . CoNLON, John. Age 19. Waltham. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . 430 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. CowLES, Lyman. Age 20. Gloucester. M. Dec. 4, 1861. Orderly to Maj -Gen. Terry. In eiig. of Co. to Exjj. Dec. 4, 1861. Residence, Pomona, Cal. CowLES, Merrick. Age 18, Gloucester. M. Dec. 4, 1861. Wounded slightly in shoulder (ritle-ball), Feb. 10, 1864, Barber's Ford. Orderly last year of ser- vice at 10th Corps Hdqrs. and special Orderly to Gen. Marstou, 18th Corps. Exp. Dec. 4, 18G4. Residence, Ciiicago, 111. Cram, Nathaniel W. Age 29. Gardner. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Wounded Feb. 10, 1864, Barber's Ford. Reenlisted April 21, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865, as Corp. Residence, South Gardner, Mass. Currier, William II. M. Sept. 19, 1861. (No further record at State House.) Residence, . Dow, Charles. Age 25. Dedham. M. Dec. 26, 1861. Disch. for dis. Jan. 16, 1863. Residence, Boston, Mass. *Drake, James B. Age 19. Northwood, N. H. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Disch. for dis. Sept. 26, 1862. Died in 1862. Foss, Emery W. Age 24. Strafford, N. II. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Injured by horse Nov. 1. On special duty most of time as cook, and teamster. Exp. Oct. 5, 1864. Residence, . Foss, Henry M. Age 19. Strafford, N. H. M. Nov. 11, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, . Foss, Isaiah, Age 44. Boxford. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Disch. for dis. Oct. 12, 1862. Residence, . Gibson, Lemuel. Age 37. Waltham. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Disch. for dis. Oct. 20, 1862. Residence, Waltham, Mass. Gilchrist, Benjamin. Age 28. Dedham. M. Oct. 29, 1861. Disch. for dis. in 1863, Beaufort, S. C. Residence, . GiLOREUs, Benjamin F. Age 28. Waltham. M. Nov. 11, 1861. Disch. for dis. June 1, 1864. Residence, . *GiLMAN, Charles P. Age 26. Haverhill. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. for dis. 1862, Beaufort, S. C. *HuLL, HiRAM. Age 42. Boston. Transf. from Co. B, Nov. 30, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Hanks, Henry J. Age 27. Dedham. M. Oct. 7, 1861. In eng. of Co. to Exp. Oct. 12, 1864. Residence, Medfield, Mass. Hill, George H. Age 20. Haverhill. M. Sept. 23, 1861. In eng. of Co. to Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Haverhill, Mass. *HoLMES, Varnum E. Age 23. Haverhill. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. *HooKER, Charles F. Age 30. Newton. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. ,HoYT, William R. Age 29. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864, as Sergt. Residence, Lynn, Mass. HuNKiNS, George ^V. Age 25. Methuen. M. Nov. 26, 1861. Wounded Feb. 10, 1864, Barber's Ford. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. Disch. for dis. June 20, 1864. Residence, . STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 431 Hutchinson, George. Age 21. Newton. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Wounded Feb. 10, lt.(>4, Barber's I ord. Exp. Oct. 5, 18(34. Residence, -. *Mantin Patrick Age 33. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. i«r7'p^T,f'' ^- ^^" ^^- ^°^^"- ^^- Oct- 5, 1861. Deserted D^c. 27, 1861, KeadviUe. ' Residence, . MORAN, Edward. Age 21. Dedham. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Deserted June 6, Residence, . Residence, . ^^riSelT''^"^'' ^' '^^'^ ^^* ^°''^^^"^' ^«- ^- Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Sept. Residence, . ^"^^.'^t^' ^^';:^«^ J; /g« 21. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. lb, 1864. Deserted June 6, 1864. Residence, . Pasha, Elisha. Age 24. Billerica. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Wounded Feb. 10, 1864, Barber's lord. Exp. Oct. 9, 1864. Residence, . *^rfk^'\''!%'^^\.H^^^- Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Hosp. Steward Jan. 4, 1804, 1st Regt. U. S. Cav. ^''^^2^^'^^^^^^- Age 20. Marlboro. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Oct. 26, Residence, . ^"I'^^^f '^^'?™f W. Age 28. Waltham. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Wounded March 1, 1864, Eight Mile Run, Fla. Exp. Oct. 5, 1864. Residence, Milford, Mass. ^^vY'o^'^llc^ R; .^^"^ ?f- ^^''^^"^- ^- N°^- 11' 1861. Wounded in hand, 14 1865 0^"«tee. Reenlisted Apr. 21, 1864. In all eng. of Co. Exp. Nov. Residence, Hingham, Mass. Ridley Sewall P. A^^ 23. Boston. M. Dec. 11, 1861. Wounded in left shoulder, and in eye Feb. 10, 1864. Practically in all eng. of Co. to Exp. Dec. 11, Residence, Boston, Mass. RoswELL, James Age 33. Haverhill. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Back severely injured by^horse, June 15, 1862, in S. C. Disch. for dis. (caused by the injury) Oct. 26, Residence, North Wolfboro, N. H. *RowE, John F. Age 20. Milton. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Exp. Oct. 25, 1864. 186?^'^''' ^""^^^^^^ ^^- ^S^ -^- Waltham. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Oct. 5, Residence, . Sanderson, George O. Age 33. Waltham. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Oct. 5, Residence, Waltham, Mass. Seabrook, Ansel. (Colored Cook.) Age 18. Beaufort, S. C. M. Dec. 31, 1863. Exp. Aov. 14, 1865. Residence, . Shelly, William. Age 25. Roxbury. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Deserted Nov. 25, 1861, Keadville. Residence, . Spauxding, George W. Age 25. Townsend. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Oct. 5, Residence, . 432 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Stevens, Isaiah. Age 45. Lynn. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Detailed as wagoner in Q. M. Dept. Feb., 18G3. Eng. Pocotaligo. Disch. for dis. May 1, 1863. llesidence, . Storek, Amos K. Age 21. Lowell. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Chief Orderly to Gen. R. S. Foster, 2d Div. 10th Corj)s, June 20, 1864, and with him in all eug. to Exp. Oct. 12, 1864. Residence, Dorchester, Mass. *Strang, Jesse. Age 37. New Salem. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Waters, Michael. Age 26. Waltham. M. Oct. 6, 1861. Disch, for dis. June 2, 1861. Residence, . *Wentworth, Hiram S. Age 26. Haverhill. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 25, 1864. Weatherbee, Benjamin H. Age 23. Marlboro. M. Nov. 11, 1861. In eng. of Co. to Exp. Nov. 11, 1864, as Sergt. 4th Cav. Residence, South Boston, Mass. Whittier, .John W. G. Age 29. Newton. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Oct. 5, 1864. Residence, . *Whittier, Kimball. Age 34. Haverhill. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Jan. 24, 1863. Wing, George H. Servant. Age 18. M. Oct. 9, 1861. (No further record at State House.) Residence ^ Woon, Preston. Age 23. Medford. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Died Sept. 9, 1862, at liosp. Beaufort, S. C. COMPANY L (New). **Littlefieli>, Harry D. 1st Sergt. Otis, Horace W. Q. M. Sergt. Age 22. Watertown. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Wounded right ftrm, neck, shoulder, and body, Ashland, May 11, 1864 (gun-shot). Disch. for dis. caused by wounds, July 1, 1865. (Co. G.) M. Sept. 19, 1802, Co. K, 5th M. V. L, Corp. Exp. July 2, 1863. Residence, Watertown, Mass. GiLLON, James. Com. Sergt, Age 25. West Roxbury. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G, Residence, . Sturtevant, Charles W. Com. Sergt. Age 18. Roxbury. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Reduced to ranks July, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Brown, Arthur H. Sergt. Age 18. Cheshire. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, , Brown, Edwin W. Sergt. Age 37. Cambridge. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Daniels, Edwin B. Sergt. Age 20. Somerville. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Promoted from Corp. July 1, 1864. Exp. July 10, 1865, as absent sick, in Co. G. Residence, . Green, George. Sergt. Age 21» Brewster. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 18G.5, in Co. G. Residence, . McCracken, James T, Age 20. Chelsea. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence , Fields, John 'b. Sergt. Age 25. PittsHeld. M. Jan, 6, 1864. Pro, from Corp, July 1, 1864, Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co, G, Residence, . CORPL. L. BARTEL ALFRED C. BELCHER COM. SERGT. CHAS. D. BACON SERGT. FRANK A. BLAISDELL ^^'1^ BRADFORD HAWES WILLIAM WELCH K COMPANY (OLD) STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 433 Field, Lyman E. Sergt. Age 20. Adams. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Wounded May 11, 1864, Ashland. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Zylonite, Mass. Kavanaugh, William. Sergt. Age 30. Boston. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Re- duced to ranks, July 1, 1864. Pris. Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem Plank Road. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Lloyd, John. Sergt. Age 21. Roxbury. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Wounded May 6, 1864, Todd's Tavern. Died in hosp. May 10, 1864. Priest, Milo C. Sergt. Age 43. Brighton. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Disch. for dis. Mar. 13, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Ammidon, Lewis F. Corp. Age 24. Adams. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Wounded in foot May, 1864. Wounded and pris. Oct. 27, 1864, South Side R. R. Exp. June 26, 18l35, in Co. G. Residence, North Adams, Mass.. BoRViR, William. Corp. Age 23. Pittsfield. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Gibson City, 111. Carroll, Charles J. Corp. Age 18. Cambridge. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Cate, Edwin D. Corp. Age 23. Somerville. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Pris. Aug. 16, 1864, Deep Bottom. Died Jan. 13, 1865, Salisbury. De Wyer, Andrew. Corp. Age 18. Boston. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Fagan, John. Corp. Age 21. Springfield. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, East Attleboro, Mass. HoDGDON, Joseph W. Corp. Age 22. Lowell. M. Jan. 6, 1864. (Promoted July 1, 1864.) Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick, in Co. G. Residence, . James, William A. Corp. Age 26. Chelsea. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Died Oct. 22, 1864, Washington, D. C. Morgan, John. Corp. Age 18. Adams. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as Wag. in Co. G. Enlisted in Co. B, 34th M. V. I. Aug. 1, 1862. Disch. for dis. Dec. 27, 1862. Residence, Adams, Mass. Smith, Edwin B. Corp. Age 24. Hadley. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Smith, Edwin A. Corp. Age 18. Chicopee. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, ■. - Coots, George W. Bugl. Age 18. Boston. Transferred from Co. I (new). Wounded Aug. 16, 1864, Malvern Hill (knee, slight). Exp. June 29, 1865, as Bugl. in Co. G. Residence, . Hudson, Edward W. Bugl. Ago 18. Somerville. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Roxbury, Mass. Walsh, James T. Bugl. Age 21. Dedliam. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Brig. Bugl. 1865. Eng. of Co. from May, 1864, to Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, New York city. Benson, Jeremiah. Far. Age 29. Wareham. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . 434 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Fricke, Frank. Sad. Age 21. Springfield. M. Jan. C, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Baker, Joseph A. Age 19. Sandwich. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. May 22, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Barry, Edward. Age 29. Springfield. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Barxum, James H. Age 20. Adams. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Wounded Aug. 23, 1864, Ream's Station. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Adams, Mass. Belknap, William H. Age 18. Southbridge. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Died Dec. 27, 1864, in hosp., Hai-tford, Conn. (Co. G). Bergen, Martin. Age 21. Springfield. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Boston, Mass. Braymer, Josiah. Age 38. Pittsfield. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Detailed to Battery I, 2d Regulars, July 1, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick, in Co. G. Residence, . Bright, Moses H. Age 24. Watertown. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 19, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Brownwalder, Daniel. Age 42. Hancock. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Pris. Oct. 27, 1864, South Side R. R. (Co. G). Residence, . Callender, James. Age 25. Boston. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Deserted Ftb. 17, 1864, Jersey City. Residence, . Campbell, John. Age 26. Chicopee. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Deserted Jan. 23, 1864, Readville. Residence, . Cheesborough, Edwin C. Age 18. Adams. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. RgsicIghcg CIiGsliirG JVXrss. Cook, Manfred C. Age 21. Lynnfleld. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Cook, Peter. Age 21. Lee. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Springfield, Mass. Dardis, Thomas. Age 19. Watertown. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick, in Co. G. Residence, . Davis, Augustus M. Age 25. Medford. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Injured May 11, 1864, Ashland. Exp. July 18, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Andover, Mass. Dickson, James. Age 18. Boston. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence,. . DoLAN, Patrick J. Age 24. Chicopee. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Downs, Elisha. Age 24. Adams. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Died Aug. 26, 1864, in hosp., Giesboro Point. Dunbar, Henry M. Age 21. Lvnn. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Belchertown, Mass. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 435 Farrington, Abel. Age 21. Stoughton. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Wounded and pris. May 11, 1864, Ashland. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Stoughton, Mass. Fero, Frank. Age 21. Brewster. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Deserted Jan. 12, 1864, Readville. RgsicIgiicg " ■ '-, Forbes, Hiram W. Age 25. South Hadley. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 36, 1865, as absent sick, in Co. G. Residence, . Ford, William. Age 18. Great Barrington. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Wounded and pris. May 11, 1864, Ashland. RgsicIghcg .-, Fulton, Samuel. Age 27. Roxbury. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Pris. May 11, 1864, Ashland. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick, in Co. G. Residence, . Gallagher, Martin. Age 33. Boston. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Deserted Feb. 17, 1804, Jersey City. Residence, . Garland, Wingate. Age 25. South Reading. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Wounded and pris. May 11, 1864, Ashland. Died Feb. 10, 1865, Andersonville (Co. G). Glines, James. Age 28. Swanipscott. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. jxgsicIgiicg -, Green, Horatio D. Age 18. Palmer. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Gregory, Robert. Age 26. Chicopee. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Trausf. from Co. G to 6th N. Y. Battery Apr. 18, 1864. Residence, Chicopee, Mass. Grimes, Peter. Age 36. Stoughton. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Lowell, Mass. Hackett, Sumner S. Age 37. Stoughton. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Hanly, Michael. Age 28. Pittsfield. M. Jan. 0, 1864. Wounded and pris. May 11, 1804, Ashland. Died Aug. 22, 1864, Andersonville. Harris, William D. Age 22. Boston. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Deserted Feb. 17, 1864, Jersey City. Residence, . Havey, Robert C. Age 18. Somerville. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Hewes, Richard H. Age 26. Lynnfield. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Pris. May 11, 1864, Ashland (Co. G). Residence, . Hicks, Henry C. Age 21. Monroe. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Pris. May 11, 1804, Ash- land (Co. G). No record of parole or Exp. Residence, . Kelly, Dennis. Age 19. Cambridge. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Wounded May 9, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Somerville, Mass. Kenny, James. Age 18. South Hadley. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Transferred from Co. G to V. R. C. Nov. 12, 1864. Residence, . Kerrigan, Frank. Age 19. Dedham. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, San Francisco, Cal. 436 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. King, Wiluam G. Age 19. Springfield. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 18(35, in Co. G. Residence, . Lay, Henry G. Age 18. Westfield. M. Jan. G, 18G4. Died Aug. 28, 1864, Sandy Hook. McCafferty, Owen. Age 40. Boston. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, iu Co. G. Residence, . McCabe, William H. Age 20. Salem. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Wounded and died Aug. IG, 18G4, Deep Bottom. McIntire, James F, Age 18. Chelsea. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Shenaudoah Iron Works, Va. Miller, William F. Age 35. Sandisfield. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Pris. Oct. 27, 1864, South Side R. R. Died Jan. 22, 1865, Richmond (Co. G). *MiTCHELL, Robert W. Age 31. Roxbury. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 18G5, in Co. G. Morrill, James. Age 35. Brookline. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Deserted Feb. 2, 1864, Readville. Residence, . MuNSON, Russell S. Age 18. Lanesboro. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Wounded June 26, 1864, St. Mary's Church. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Ordway, George A. Age 20. Boston. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick, in Co. G. Residence, . Otto, Ludwig. Age 28. Williamsburg. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Right hand fractured Feb. 6, 1865, near Petersburg. Exp. May 31, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Louisville, Ky. Perkins, William H. Age 18. South Danvers. M. Jan. G, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Phelps, Edward M. Age 18. Watertown. M. Jan. G, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Pike, Joseph A. Age 18. Cambridge. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Cambridge, Mass. Proper, Lafayette. Age 35. Otis. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick in Co. G. Residence, . Raymond, Walter L. Age 18. Andover. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Pris. Aug. 16, 1864, Deep Bottom. Died Dec. 25, 1864, Salisbury (Co. G). *RiCHARDSON, Isaac F. Age 41. Roxbury. M. Jan 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Rice, Ormond E. Age 18. Adams. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . RiDiCAN, Patrick. Age 23. Springfield. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as absent sick in Co. G. XvGSlClGllCG "'^~ • Roberts, George. Age 22. Waltham. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Deserted Feb. 17, 1864, Jersey City. Residence, . Sampson, Richard H. Age 18. Boston. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . K COMPANY STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 437 Stocking, James W. Age 18. Adams. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Anoka, Minn. Thompson, Albert L. Age 23. Clarksburg. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Whipple, Eugene E. Age 19. Lowell. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Accidentally shot Apr. 25, 1864, Warrenton. Disch. for dis. Feb. 3, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . *Whitney, William. Age 33. Cambridge. Vet. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Wilson, David. Age 18. Lowell. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Clinton, Mass. Wilson, James. Age 21. Lowell. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Lowell, Mass. Wilson, John G. Age 25. Watertown. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Deserted Jan. 21, 1864, ReadviUe. Residence, . WiLKiNS, Samuel O. Age 21. Middleton. M. Jan. 6, 1864. Wounded and pris. May 11, 1864, Ashland. Died Aug. 30, 1864, Andersonville. COMPANY M (Old). Atkins, John. 1st Sergt. Age 20. Lincoln. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. Wounded three times and pris. Apr. 6, 1865, High Bridge, Va. 2d Lieut. 4th Cav. (not M.) July 5, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Boston, Mass. Baxter, Orson A. 1st Sergt. Age 35. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. 2d Lieut. (4th Cav.) Aug. 5, 1863. 1st Lieut. Jan. 19, 1861 (not M.). Died Oct. 14, 1864, Harrison's Landing, Va. Clement, Andrew J. 1st Sergt. Age 23. Chelsea. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Corp. ; Sergt. In all eng. of Co. to Exp. Oct. 5, 1864. Residence, Philadelphia, Pa. Miles, Thomas. 1st Sergt. Age 28. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. 1st Lieut. (4th Cav.), Jan. 19, 1864. Exp. Jan. 27, 1865. Residence, Waltham, Mass. Alden, James B. Q. M. Sergt. Age 20. Cambridge. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 22, 1864. Residence, -. Ramsdell, Adoniram J. Q. M. Sergt. Age 19. Newton. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Saugus, Mass. Riddell, Henrv W. Com. Sergt. Age 22. Waltham, M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864, as absent sick. Residence, New York city. Sherman, George E. Com. Sergt. Age 21. Lincoln. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Re- enlisted Apr. 16, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, . Darling, Charles H. Sergt. Age 18. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Wounded near Harrison's Landing. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Marshfield, Mass. EiNNELL, John. Sergt. Age 19. Newton. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. Orderly in 1864 to Col. Jackson and Gen. Birney. Wounded in head by shell, July 28, 1864, New Market (lost hearing in left ear). Pris. Apr. 6, 1865, High Bridge, Va. Paroled Apr. 9. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Yutan, Neb. 438 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Kkndali,, Ciiaki.ks T). Sergt. Age 35. Waltlmm. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Eng, Jjiines islanil, Oliistce. Kxp. Sept. 21, 18G4. Kesidciice, VValthaiii, Mass. Gay, Clotaikk S. Sergt. Age 3G. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Exp. Sept. 24, 18GI. Kesidencc, . Glenn, Roukkt. Sergt. Age 27. Waltham. M. Oct. 9, 1861. In all eng. of Co. to Kxp. Oct. 0, 18G4. ResidcMU'c, Boston, Mass. IIiCKEY, Thomas. Sc^igt. Age 21. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. ReeiiHsted Apr. IG, 18(54. Sligl)tly wounded and piis. Apr. G, 18G5, High Bridge, Va. Color Bearer. 2d Lieut. 4tii Cav. Aug. 5, 18G5 (not M.). Exp. Nov. 14, 18G5. Residence, Jlingliani, Mass. MooNEY, Thomas. Sergt. Age 28. Fall River. M. Oct. 5, 18G1. Keculisted Apr. IG, 18G4. Exp. July 20, 18G5. Residence, . Parks, Jonas L. Sergt. Age 28. Waltham. M. Oct. 5, 18G1. Disch. for dis. Feb. <), 18G3. Residence, . *TucKKK, Khen, Jk. Sergt. Age 21. Weston. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Injured by shell F(>1). 20, 18G4, Olustee (causing deafness). Reenlisted Apr. IG, 18G4. Corp. Nov. 1, 18G4. Sergt. Mar. 1, 18G5. Pris. Apr. G, 18G5, High Bridge, Va. ; re- leased when Lee surrendered. Exp. Nov. 14, 18G5. Whitcomu, IIokack G. Sergt. Age 31. Waltham. M. Oct. 5, 18G1. Reen- listed April 2G, 18G4. 2d Lieut. U. S. C. T. Oct. 12, 18G4. Residence, . WouMW()t>i), AujEiiT F. Sergt. Age 25. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Exp. Sept. 24, 18G4. Residence, . *DENNETr, Ekastus. Corp. Age 21. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Exp. Sept. 21, 1S(;4. FiLi.KHKowN, Oliver. Corp. Age 28. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Exp. Sept. 24, 18G4. Residence, . Frost, Charles L. Corp. Ago 20. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Exp. Sept. 24, 18G4. Residence, . Oilman, John E. Corp. Age 21. Boston. M. Sept. 25, 18G1. Exp. Sept. 24, 18G4. Residence, . lIovKY, IIamiu.in L. Corp. Age 23. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Disch. for dis. May 22, 18G3. Residence, ^^'altham, Mass. Jackson, Edward L. Corp. Age 23. Newton. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Orderly to Gens. Hunter, (Jilmore, and Terry. In all eng. of Co. to Exp. Sept. 24, 18G4. Residence, Waltham, Mass. Maynard, Frederick D. Corp. Age 21. Somerville. M. Dec. 4, 18G1. De- tailed as Color Bearer, luhjrs. 10th Army Corps. Exp. Dec. 4, 18G4. Resideiu'c, Somerville, Mass. Rogers, John F. Corp. Age 21. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Reenlisted Ai)r. IG, 18G4. Exp. Nov. 14, 18G5. Residence, . GinsoN, Samuel S. Bugl. Age 38. Candn-idge. M. Oct. 15, 18G1. Exp. Oct. 15, 18G4. Reenlisted Mar. 2, 1865. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. Residence, Waltliani, Mass. Sawyer, Charles IL Bugl. Age 29. Waltham. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Exp. Oct, 23. 18(54 Residence, Newton Lower Falls, Mass. STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 439 EiRL, John A. Far. Age 22. Maiden. M. Oct. 19, 18G1. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. P:xp. Nov. 14, 1865. M,L,5r1'ta.Ml"T:r.''°A^'-24. McdW. M. Sept. 26, 1801. Died Apr. 9, 1864, in hosp., Beaufort, S. C. (typhoid fever). ^...1-^.1 *Kaulback, William. Sad. Age ^40. Boston. M. Dec. 18, 1861. Reenlisted Anr 16 1864 Exp. Nov. 14, 1865. *INGALL8; John. Wag. Age 34. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, ArS, Robert, Jr. Age 20. Newton. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, . -,, r, . r.o .10^.1 t' c t o/i Bacon, Clarence R. Age 19. Billerica. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Blanchakd! Ei^RD R. Age 18. Waltham. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Termination of ser. Dec. 27, 1861, by civil authority. BLAKi.noHN%~7ge 21. North Hampton, N. II. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Boston, Mass. ^ .„„, » • 1 . n i i BOWMAN, George F. Age 21. Boston. M. Nov. 26, 1861. Accidentally wounded June, 1862, Edisto Island ; wounded Feb. 20, 1864, Olustee. Exp. Nov. 26, 1864. I'^GsitiGncG "■ "• Brackett, Gilbert O. Age 22. Brighton. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Dec. 14, 1862. iypskIoiicg - Brennan, M. J. Age 48. M. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. Nov. 10, 1861. (Over age.) *-**Bkigham, John L. Regtl. Com. Sergt. t. c. o^ Brown, Augustine W. Age 28. Saxonville. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864.' Residence, . r^ , r, 100 a *Brown EmviN. Age 21. Lewiston, Me. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Exp. Oct. 9, 1864. Brown, '(iKORGE W. Age 47. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Nov. '10, 1861. Residence, . ^ -r. . .1 i • i i *Bryant, Austin R. Age 30. Billerica. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Detailed in band. Transferred to Co. C. ^ ^r.^- t^- ^ r t Bryant, George C. Age 21. Bethel, Me. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. for dis. May 12, 1862. ♦CaugTeCokorge'iI. Age 22. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 22, Clark, John W. Age 21. Charlestown. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Exp. Oct. 9, 1864. Residence, . /^ ■ r ionA Cole, Charles. Age 23. Lexington. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Oct. 5, 1864. l"iGSI(lcilCG ■ • CORMICK, Joseph. Age 25.- Boston. M. Oct. 23, 1861. Dropped as deserter June, 1863. Residence . Earlk, Thomas H. Age 41. Lexington. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Died July 24, 1863, Milton Head, S. C. Estabrook, Luke. Age 34. Lexington. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. bept. 24, 1864. T^GSlClGnCG '• *Estabrook, William. Age 38. Lexington. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Exp. Oct. 12, 1864. 440 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. *FiELD, Edward H. Age 19. Waltliam. M. Sept. 23, 18G1. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Fisher, Wilmot L. Age 24. Boston. M. Oct. 20, 1861. Deserted Nov. 2, 1861, Readville. Residence, . Foss, Charles L. Age 18. Belmont. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Discli. for dis. Apr. 29, 1862. jAiGSlClGllCG ' • GiLMAx, John T. Age 21. Dover. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, East Saugns, Mass. Goodwin, Daniel S. Age 19. Waltbam. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Discb. for dis. Nov. 16, 1861. Residence, . Hamilton, Henry E. Age 25. Lowell, M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Worcester, Mass. Hamilton, John A. Age 26. Reading. M. Oct. 19, 1861. Died of wounds May 24, 1864, Hampton, Va. *Hanscom, John K. Age 40. Lexington. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Discli. for dis. Mav 29, 1863. Havey, Patrick. Age 25. Waltham. M. Dec. 4, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. Deserted June 6, 1864. XvGSlClGllCG . .^ Hayes, William. Age 28. Waltham. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Died Dec. 27, 1863, Hilton Head, S. C. HiLDRETH, John. Age 22. Lexington. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 23, 1864. RgsicIgiicg ■. *HowE, William F. Age 29. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Hunt, Curtis R. Age 25. Waltham. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Exp. Oct. 12, 1864. Residence, Suncook, N. H. Johnson, Albert N. Age 19. Lincoln. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Oct. 5, 1864. Residence, . Johnson, George E. Age 22. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Wounded in neck Feb. 10, 1864, Barber's Ford. Exp. Sept. 23, 1864. RgsicIgiicg Boston j\Xfiss. Jones, Henry M. Age 20. Lincoln. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Deserted Dec. 4, 1861, Readville. Residence . Kenny, Michael. Age 21. Waltbam. M. Sept. 28, 1861. Deserted Dec. 2, 1861, Readville. Residence, . KiFF, Orlando S. Age 23. Waltbam. M. Oct. 9, 1861. Eng. James Island. Exp. Nov. 14, 1865, as absent sick. Residence, Waltham, Mass. Lawler, George D. Age 20. Boston. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Residence, Wintbrop, Mass. Lund, Frank M. Age 19. Billerica. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Detailed in Band July, 1862, to Exp. Oct. 3, 1864, in Co. C. Thrown from' horse Dec. 1862, injured back. In Sheridan's Raid, 1864. Residence, Lowell, ]Mass. Marrow, James. Age 31. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Discb. for dis. Mar. 29, 1863. Residence, . Martin, John R. Age 30. Dorchester. M. Oct. 5, 1861. Exp. Oct. 5, 1864. Residence, . McCarty, Jeremiah. Age 32. Lynn. M. — . " Left the field in 1st Cav., not transferred." Residence, . STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 441 %7/dO?t^^0^8i^:i^ton^r^"^- ^^- ««P*- ^3, 1861. Regtl. Co.. Sergt. Moore, George B. Age 21. Wayland. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, Residence, . Murray, Wu^liam. Age 23. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 23, Residence, "Waltham, Mass. Myers, Nathaniel T. Age 19. Milton. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Died Feb. 15, 1863, Hilton Head, S. C. ' ^l^cT' n^^^'f T't ^^% %^o..^^^^*^^"^- M- Sept. 23, 1861. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1804. Deserted June 6, 1864. ^ Residence, . ^T86T Refdvllte'''' ^' ^^^ ^^' ^'^^^^"^- ^- ^^P*- "^^ 1861. Died Oct. 13, ^'^''^Re'sidence^''— ^^^ ^^' ^^'^^*'''''™- ^- ^^P*- 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, 1864. Pitman, John T. Age 24. Chelsea. M. Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. for dis. Apr. 29, Residence, Canton, Mass. ^1862. '^'''^^' ^^^ ^^' ^^^*^^°'- ^- S«P*- 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. Jan. 20, Residence, . Richardson, Cyrus B. Age 22. Woburn. M. Oct. 12, 1861. Exp. Oct. 12, Residence, South Boston, Mass. Rooney, James. Age 42. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Pris. near Harrison's Landmg. Reenlisted Apr. 16, 1864. Died May' 31, 1865. Cor" llh Mass! San^derson, Edwin C. Age 20. Charlestown. M. Nov. 26, 1861. Exp. Nov. 26, Residence, Seneca Falls, N. Y ^lohrOcf'/sr^ ^' ■ Y "i- i.^f^*'^r- ^- ^^P*- 2-% 1861. Knee put out of Residence, Waltham, Mass. *Sawin John C. Age 36. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept 24 1864 R^sWence'^ ^'^^- ^°^''- M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. feptSi', 1864 Sylvester, John E. Age 22. Belmont. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, Residence, Somerville, Mass. *Thompson, Samuel. Age 44. Waltham. M. Sept. 23, 1861. Exp. Sept. 24, Trask, George. (Servant.) Age 18. M. Oct. 1, 1861. Kesidence, . '^'1862. ^''''''''' ^' ^^^^^' ■^°'^^"- M. Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. for dis. July 13, Residence, . ^To', S^c!"" ^' ^^^ ^^' ^'^*°"- ^- ^''- ^^' ^^^^- ^'^"^ J""^ 1' 1S62, Ed- *^rs!'or elise?"'"'''''''' ^^^ ^^- 2"-^t«^- M- Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. for 442 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. COMPANY M (New). Browning, Charles D. 1st Sergt. Age 22. Worcester. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Sergt.-Maj. Exp. June 26, 1865. llesidence, . Fisher, John B. 1st Sergt. Age 22. Hadley. M. Dec. 25, 1863. Pris. July, 1864, Malvern Hill, escaped same day. In all eng. of Co. during term of enlist- ment. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Dedliam, j\Iass. **HowF., George (correct name said to be Louis Black). 1st Sergt. McFarland, William. 1st Sergt. Age 21. Boston. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June ^6, 1865, in Co. G, as Com. Sergt. Residence, . Browx, George Logan. Q. M. Sergt. Age 19. Woburn. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Corp. Practically in all eng. of Co. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, West Point, Cal. Ellis, James A. Com. Sergt. Age 21. Watertown. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Disch. for dis. Mar. 13, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, . Stevens, Stephen B. Com. Sergt. Age 28. Boston. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, Rockland, Mass. Banfield, Philip. Sergt. Age 30. Boston. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. D. Residence, . Niles, Samuel. Sergt. Age 24. Holyoke. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Raymond, Granville. Sergt. Age 18. Stoughton. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, Brockton, Mass. Stoddard, Lorenzo. Sergt. Age 32. Milford. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Clark, George W. Corp. Age 22. Becket. M. Jan. 14, 1864. No record of Exp. Residence, . Eastman, Edmund G. Corp. Age 21. Woburn. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Follett, James. Corp. Age 33. Douglas. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. D. Residence, . Gibbs, William H. Corp. Age 21. Ware. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Gooding, Edmund H. Corp. Age 18. Boston. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Practically in all eng. of Co. After Sheridan's Raid sent to Camp Stoneman for remount ; July 5, 1864, with dismounted men armed as Inf., sent to Maryland Heights, Harper's Ferry, thence into Virginia. Returned Aug. 1. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, Somerville, Mass. Grant, Peter. Corp. Age 22. Woburn. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, • . CORPL. AMOS PiERCE CORPL, GABRIEL STRANG StRGT. EDWIN CHAPMAN ;ORPL. JA5. A, VVILLARD LORENZO BRUCE L COMPANY (OLD) STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 443 Nichols, Edmund. Corp. Age 29. South Reading. M. Jau. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, iu Co. G. XXGSlClGllCG • Rose, John R. Corp. Age 19. Wellfleet. M. Jan 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, iu Co. H. Residence, . Ryan, John. Corp. Age 27. Williamstown. M. Jan. 14, 1'864. Exp. June 26, 1865, iu Co. G. Residence, Adams, Mass. Hurley, Jeremiah. Bugl. Age 16. Fall River. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Missing Aug. 16, 1864, Malvern Hill. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, . SissoN, George W. Bugl. Age 18. Lynn. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, East Saugus, Mass. Jesser, John. Far. Age 25. Williamsburg. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. D. Residence, . McAvoY, Charles. Far. Age 47. Cambridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, . White, Charles W. Far. Age 19. Andover. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, Salem, Mass. Brown, Horace W. Sad. Age 23. Douglas. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, . Adams, Alpheus H. Age 40. Springfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Accidentally wounded iu foot, May [5-14], Wilderness. Deserted Aug. 21, 1864. Residence, . Anderson, Charles B. Age 24. West Springfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Transf. to Navy Apr. 27, 1864. Residence, . Andrews, Newall. Age 18. Ware. M. Jan. 14, 1864. No record of Exp. Residence, . Barker, Stephen. Age 33. Woburn. M. Jan. 5, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, . Baxter, George N. Age 29. Cheshire. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. D. Residence, . Baxter, William. Age 19. Cheshire. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Died Oct. 26, 1864. Bryant, William R, Age 30. Wellfleet. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. D. Residence, . BuRBANK, Horace P. Age 42. Springfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Missing Aug. 18, 1864, Malvern Hill. Exp. June 12, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . BuRDETTE, Louis. Age 28. Hadley. M. Jan. 14, 1864, Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. D. Residence, Worcester, Mass. Buskin, William. Age 18. Lanesboro. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. D. Residence, . Campbell, Thomas. Age 26. Cambridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . 444 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Carroll, John. Ago 18. Stoughton. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G as Corp. Residence, . Chadburn, Joseph W. Age 21. Charlestown. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 18G5, in Co. G. Residence, . Clark, Andrew. Age 28. West Stockbridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Disch. for dis. June 21, 18G5, in Co. D. Residence, . Clark, David S. Age 32. Clarksburg. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. D. Residence, . Clark, James. Age 27. Chelsea. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exi). June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, Worcester, Mass. Clonett, Lewis. Age 19. Hadley. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in CoD. Residence, . Cohre, Henry. Age 32. Boston. M. Jan. 14, 1864. No record of Exp. Cole, Peter O. Age 22. Woburn. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Died Jan. 21, 1864, Read- ville, Mass. Crabtree, Edward. Age 18. Hadley. Vet. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Practically in all eng. of Co. Exp. June 26, 1865, "in Co. H. Residence, Chelsea, Mass. Crabtree, George. Age 19. Hadley. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, Lawrence, Mass. DoYAN, Charles E. Age 37. Lynn. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Died Dec. 16, 1864, Lynn, Mass. Saddler in Co. H. Donahue, Michael. Age 33. Stoughton. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Pris. Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem Plank Road. Dishonorably disch. Sept. 16, 1864. Residence, Randolph, Mass. Eagleson, John. Age 18. Cambridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Ellis, Stephen. Age 16. Sandisfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. Jime 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Furnett, Henry. Age 20. Pittsfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Fields, George W. Age 18. West Stockbridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, . FuLLERTON, JoHN B. Age 24. Woburn. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Wounded in head Aug. 21, 1864, Ream's Station. Died Sept. 6, 1864. Gale, John. Age 19. Wales. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, . Gay, Charles A. (See Co. H., Corp.). GiFFORD, Ebkn. Age 18. Monroe. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Pris. Aug. 18, 1864, Malvern Hill. Died Nov. 22, 1864, Salisbury, N. C. *Griffin, Marshall D. Age 24. Somerville. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. GuiMAN, James. Age 22. Pittsfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Disch. for dis. Juue 6, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, . Hagerty, John. Age 23. Cambridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. No record of Exp. Residence, . STATISTICS OF COMPANIES. 445 Harden, Benjamin F. Age 18. East Bridgewater. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Died Sept. 4, 1864. Holmes, George E. Age 18. South Reading. M. Jan. 14, 1864. No record of Exp. Residence, . Humphrey, Charles L. Age 18. Boston. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. July 28, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, . Johnson, George. Age 26. Cambridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. D. Residence, . Kelly, Michael E. Age 34. Lynn. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Killed Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem Plank Road, Va. KLiLCUP, John W. Age 21. Boston. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Disch. for dis. Aug. 16, 1864. Residence, . Laurie, Thomas B. Age 20. Hadley. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Law, Thomas. Age 19. Randolph. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Lenergan, Michael. Age 44. Cambridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . LiNEHAN, Jeremiah. Age 24. Cambridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . LocKWOOD, Charles. Age 21. Springfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. D. Residence, . Loud, Joshua D. Age 29. Boston. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Wounded May 28, 1864, Ennon's Church. Disch. for dis. July 6, 1865, in Co D. Residence, . *Mason, Joseph. Age 33. Boston. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. D. McKiNNEY, William H. Age 21. Chelsea. M. Jan. 14, 1864. No record of Exp. Residence, . McLouGHLiN, John. Age 21. Wales. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. Sept. 25, 1865, in Co. G. Residence, . Miller, Lendorf W. Age 30. Springfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. July 28, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, Worcester, Mass. Noble, John. Age 44. Cambridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. D. Residence, . O'Brien, John. Age 24. Fitchburg. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. B. Residence, Westfield, Mass. O'Donnell, Thomas. Age 40. Northampton. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, as Sergt. in Co. H. Residence, . Parsons, Charles A. Age 20. Cambridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Disch. for dis. Oct. 14, 1864. Residence, . 446 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Patten, Isaac B. Age 19. Watertown. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Wounded and pris. Aug. 18. 1804, Malvern Hill. Died Dec 4, 1804, Salisbury, N. C. Pelton, William C. Age 20. Northampton. ]\I. Jan. 14, 1804. Wounded in shoulder May [5-14], Wilderness. Died Sept. 11, 1804, Point Lookout, Md. Phelps, James A. Age 19. Monroe. M. Jan. 14, 1804. Died Aug 2, 1864, Arlington, Va. Phillips, John H. Age 21. Lynn. M. Jan. 14, 1804. Wounded in hip Aug. 10, 1804, Malvern Hill. Exp. June 29, 1865, in Co. D. Residence, . Pierce, Edward P. Age 22. Springfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. No record of Exp. Residence, . Preston, Charles B. Age 30. Reading. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Pris. Sept. 16, 1864, Jerusalem Plank Road. Died Dec. 1, 1864, Richmond, Va. Prince, Lewis E. Age 19. Northampton. M. Jan. 14, 1804. Exp. June 26, 1805, in Co. G. Residence, Wollaston, Mass. Pring, William. Age 40. Springfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Disch. June 15, 1865, from hosp., G. O. 77, A. G. O. (Co. H). Residence, Nova Scotia. QuACKiNBusH, JoHN. Age 19. Williamstown. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26. 1865, in Co. A. Residence, . Riley, John. Age 35. Springfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Disch. for dis. May 31. 1805, in Co. D. Residence, . Sands, Charles W. Age 18. Cambridge. Vet. M. Jan. 14, 1804. Disch. for dis. May 6, 1865, in Co. D. Residence, . Symmes, Jefferson. Age 29. Springfield. M. Jan. 14, 1804. Exp. June 29, 1805, in Co. D. Residence, . *TiDD, Horatio O. Age 18. Woburn. M. Jan. 14, 1804. Exp. June 20, 1865, as Sergt. in Co. H. Tyson, John H. Age 24. West Stockbridge. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, in Co. H. Residence, . Turner, Henry J. Age 20. Becket. M. Oct. 28, 1803. In eng. of Co. Exp. June 20, 1805, in Co. G. Residence, Becket, Mass. Watson, Gerando J. Age 21. Boston. M. Jan. 14, 1804. Died Dec. 10, 1864, Woburn, Mass. Westcott, Robert W. Age 18. Woburn. M. Jan. 14, 1804. Exp. June 20, 1805, in Co. H. Residence, . Whitcomb, Nathaniel. Age 30. Monroe. M. Jan. 14, 1804. Exp. Juae 29, 1805, as absent sick, in Co. D. Residence, . WoRTMAN, Jacob. Age 21. Woburn. M. Jan. 14, 1804. No record of Exp. Residence, . Young, James S. Age 19. Pittsfield. M. Jan. 14, 1864. Exp. June 26, 1865, iu Co. G. Residence, . UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 447 UNASSIGNED RECRUITS, FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Adams, Charles O. Alevey, George. Anderson, Charles. Anderson, John W. Anderson, William. Appleton, William J. Ashport, Lemuel. Aube, Alexander (Vet. 4th U. S. Cav.). Avery, Franklin M. (Vet.) Baur, Charles. Bens, Charles. Bent, George H. Blakslee, Elson, Jr. Blood, Alonzo M. C. Bolio, Cephas V. Bond, Benjamin. Boiirden, Augustine. Boyden, John T. Brick, John. Browning, Augustus S. Brown, Charles S. Brogan, Michael. Bryant, Joseph. Burke, David. Bushnell, Eli. Buswell, Solon. Caldwell (or Cardwell), Benjamin F. Caldwell, Hugh. Calder, Humphrey M. Campbell, Nicholas. Clark, William. Cole, James. Conway, Anthony. Conroy, James. Corney, Israel. Crounin, Patrick. Cunningham, Charles. Curley, James. Daunt, William. Davis, Charles. Devlin, John. Dillon, William. Donovan, Morgan. Dougherty, William. Dwier, Michael. Dyer, Edward. Flynn, James. Date of Muster. Feb. 2, 1864. Mar. 9, 1864. July 20, 1864. Sept. 23, 1863. Sept. 23, 1863. Dec. 17, 1864. Sept. 3, 1864. Jan. 28, 1864. Oct. 8, 1863. June 22, 1864. Sept. 9, 1863. Dec. 9, 1863. Jan. 5, 1864. Dec. 30, 1863. Dec. 27, 1864. Aug. 26, 1862. Feb. 29, 1864. Nov. 24, 1863. Aug. 10, 1864. Feb. 1, 1S64. Mar. 15, 1864. Jan. 18, 1864. Sept. 15, 1862. Nov. 6, 1863. Dec. 7, 1863. Feb. 12, 1864. Aug. 9, 1862. Sept. 11, 1863. Aug. 7, 1862. Oct. 9, 1863. Oct. 9, 1863. Sept. 8, 1863. Sept. 2, 1863. Aug. 2, 1862. Jan. 14, 1864. Dec. 14, 1863. Sept. 1, 1863. Oct. 7, 1864. Aug. 15, 1862. Oct. 28, 1863. Dec. 29, 1863. Dee. 10, 1863. Feb. 16, 1864. Aug. 8, 1862. Sept. 30, 1862. Aug. 7, 1862. Sept. 1, 1804. Expiration of Service. Rejected Feb. 6, 1864. No record in Washington. June 25, 1865. G. O. W. D. No record in Washington Aug. 28, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 4, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 4, 1867. No record in Washington Aug. 28, 1867. No record in W^ashington Aug. 28, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 4, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 4, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. Rejected Feb. 1, 1864. Rejected Jan. 6, 1864. Died Jan. 27, 1865, Galloupe's L, Mass. No record in Washington Aug. 28, 1867. Rejected Mar. 3, 1864. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. Deserted Oct. 2, 1864. Rejected Feb. 1, 1864. Died Apr. 21, 1864. Rejected Jan. 22, 1864. No record in Washington Aug. 28, 1867. No record in W^ashington Sept. 7, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. Rejected Feb. 13, 1864. Died Oct. 2, 1862. No enlistment papers on file. Nov. 1, 1864. No record in Washington Aug. 29, 1867. No record in Washington Aug. 29, 1867^ Deserted Sept. 9, 1863. Deserted Sept. 9, 1863. No record in Washington Aug. 16, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 2, 1867. No record in Washington Aug. 29, 1867. No record in Washington Aug. 29, 1867^ Discli. for dis. Oct. 27, 1864. No record in Washington Aug. 28, 1867. Ret. Nov. 25, 1863, to Navy as deserter. Rejected Jan. 5, 1864. Rejected Dec. 17, 1863. Rejected Feb. 26, 1864. No record in W^ashington Aug. 28, 1867. No record in Washington Aug. 28, 1867. Deserted Oct. 1, 1862. Returned ou President's Proc. Mav 15, 1865. Disch. for dis. Oct. 8, 1864. 448 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Name. Date of Muster. Foster, Charles H. Dec. 9, 1863. Foster, AV illiam H. Sept. 17, 1862. Franklin, John. July 12, 1864. Gallipaux, Charles. Jan. 9, 1864. Gay, Edward. Dec. 23, 1863. Gengew, Lewis. June 11, 1864. Glassett, Michael. June 6, 1864. Goobey, Michael. July 30, 1862. Goodrich, Preston M. July 26, 1864. Graham, Charles J. Sept. 14, 1863. Greenleaf, John M. Jan. 5, 1864. Green, William F. Sept. 15, 1863. Grover, Fitz Roy. Aug. 2, 1862. Guilford Darwin S. Nov. 20, 1863. Gutterson, Abner G. July 16, 1864. Haddock, Leonard H. Jan. 28, 1864. Hammill, John. Sept. 17, 1862. Harvey, Edward. Feb. 11, 1864. Harris, John L. Aug. 14, 1862. Harrison, William. Jan. 21, 1864. Hatzky, Fritz. Aug. 8, 1862. Hayes, Thomas. Sept. 23, 1863. Henno (or Henns), William. Sept. 14, 1863. Higginbottom, James. Dec. 2, 1863. Houssmer (or Housmor), Feb. 18, 1862. Frederick. Hubbard, George. Aug. 4, 1862. Huntoon, John. Dec. 29, 1863. Hyan, John. Mar. 10, 1864. Ingalls, Stephen (Vet. Oct. 23, 1863. Slrst enlisted in Co. H, 24th M. V. I.) Oct. 28, 1861. Jennings, Theodore. Nov. 28, 1863. Johnson, Henry. June 20, 1864. Johnson, .Tames. Nov. 26, 1863. Johnson, Lorin W. Aug. 19, 1862. Jones, William. Feb. 15, 1864. Jourett, Oscar. Feb. 10, 1862. Kain, John. Oct. 24, 1863. Kirk, James H. (or W.). Sept. 6, 1864. Langley, Tliomas. Feb. 10, 1862. Looby, Michael, July 30, 1862. Lovely, James A. June 22, 1864. Louch, James. Dec. 12, 1863. Madden (or Madelin), Oct. 31, 1863. James. Mangan, John. Aug. 6, 1862. Ma.rtin, Austin E. Feb. 17, 1864. Marsh, Lewis. Jan. 20, 1864. Marston, Walter. Aug. 14, 1862. Mattre (or ]\Iathi), Louis. Jan. 11, 1864. McCarthy, Thomas. Aug. 22, 1862. Expiration of Service. No record in Washington Aug. 28, 1867. No record in Washington Aug. 28, 1867. No record in Washington Aug. 28, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 4, 1867. Disch. for dis. Nov. 23, 1864. No record in Washington Sept. 6, 1867. Died Sept. 30, 1864, City Point, Va. No record in Washington Sept. 27, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 4, 1867. Deserted Sept. 15, 1863. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. No record in Washington Aug. 28, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. No record. Rejected Jan. 29, 1864, No record in Washington Aug. 28, 1867. Rejected Feb. 12, 1864. Died Feb. 13, 1863, Washington. No record in Washington Sept. 6, 1867. No record in Washington Oct. 28, 1867. Deserted Sept. 26, 1863. Deserted Sept. 15, 1863. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. Rejected Jan. 6, 1864. ,1867. 1867. AVfjecieii tiiiu. I), X001. No record in Washington Sept. 7, No record in Washington Aug. 28, Disch. for dis. Apr. 23, 1863. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. Disch. for dis. Nov. 17, 1803. Disch. Galloupe's Island, May 6, 1865. No record in Washington Aug. 28, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 7, 1867. Disch. for dis. Feb. 4, 1865. No record in Washington Sept. 16, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 17, 1867. Disch. Oct. 9, 1864. Transferred to Navy Apr. 23, 1864. Served in Co. K, 5th N. Y. Cav. No record in Washington Oct. 18, 1867. Disch. for dis. Dec. 31, 1864. Rejected Jan. 20, 1864. No record in Washington Jan. 4, 1868. Died June 2, 1864. No record. SADDLER. WM, H, H. WALL PRESTON WOOD COMPANY (OLD) J UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 449 Name. McKenna, John, McMillan (or McMilan). Michael. Merrill, John W. Mitchell, Hamilton. Moore (or Moon), Patrick. Morris, Francis. Morehouse, Warren. Murray, John. Murray, Patrick. Newton, Solomon E. O'Brien, Michael. O'Brien, Dennis. Octavus, Isaac. O'Donnell, Frank. Oliver, Sydney S. Ollis, John. Parsons, Hill. Parker, Stephen. Peasley, John. Petra, James. Putnam, John, llamsey, Daniel. Ray, Angel H. Read, Henry. Redfern, James. Rich, James. Robertson, George. Russell, Loriu. Ryan, John. Scott, Thomas. Shannon, Edward. Simon, Henry. Smith, Grion. Smith, John. Smith, Thomas. Soel, Thomas. Stanley, Alfred G. Stackpole, George. Stanton, Henry (Vet.) St. Ledger, Thomas. Stratford, Mark. Sullivan, James. Taylor, Charles J. Thomas, William. Trim, Alvin. Turner, James. Viuclet, Edward. Wade, Jose])h E. Wakefield, Elias B. West, Charles. White, Charles A. Date of Muster. Dec. 17, 1863. Feb. 23, 1864. Sept. 18, 1863. Sept. 14, 1863. Jan. 14, 1864. May 26, 1864. Sept. 11, 1863. Jan. 2, 1864. Jan. 25, 1864. Aug. 7, 1862. Aug. 23, 1864. July 14, 1864. Jan. 14, 1864. Jan. 21, 1864. Aug. 16, 1862. Dec. 1, 1863. June 14, 1864. Jan. 5, 1863. Mar. 1.5, 1862. Mar. 31, 1864. Dec. 1, 1863. Mar. 21, 1864. Oct. 14, 1863. Aug. 11, 1862. Feb. 24, 1862. Sept. 10, 1863. Sept. 1, 1863. Sept. 30, 1862. Mar. 10, 1864. Sept. 3, 1863. Sept. 8, 1863. Jan. 4, 1864. Sept. 11, 1863. Jan. 9, 1864. Sept. 30, 1863. Oct. 26, 1863. Apr. 2, 1864. Mar. 25, 1864. Nov. 19, 1863. Oct. 9, 1863. Aug. 2, 1864. Feb. 15, 18G4. Aug. 19, 1862. Sept. 12, 1863. Feb. 29, 1864. Jan. 20, 1864. July 1, 1864. Dec. 7, 1863. June 18, 1864. Aug. 19, 1862. Jan. 14, 1864. i Expiration of Service. Rejected Dec. 19, 1863. Died Mar. 13, 1864, Galloupe's Island. No record in Washington Sept. 28, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 28, 1867. No record in Washington Oct. 14, 1867. No record in Washington Oct. 14, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 28, 1867. Rejected Jan. 13, 1864. No record. No record. No record. No record. No record. No record. Disch. for dis. Mar. 5, 1863. No record. No record. No record in Washington Sept. 17, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 17, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 17, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 17, 1867. No record. No record in Washington Sept. 27, 1867. No record in Washington Oct. 26, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 19, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 27, 1867. No record in Wasliington Sept. 27, 1867. Disch. for dis. Dec. 15, 1862. No record in Wasliington Oct. 2, 1867. No record in Washington Oct. 4, 1867. No record in Washington Feb. 22, 1867. No record in Washington Oct. 4, 1867. No record in Washington Oct. 4, 1867. Rejected Jan. 12, 1864. No record in Washington Oct. 18, 1867. No record in AVashington Oct. 4, 1867. No record in Washington Oct. 5, 1867. No record in Wasliington Oct. 4, 1867. No record in Washington Oct. 4, 1867. No record in Washington Oct. 4, 1867. No record in Wasliington Oct. 17, J 867. No record. No record in Washington Sept. 20, 1867. No record in Washington Sept. 29, 1867. Rejected Mar. 5, 1864. No record in Washington Sept. 20, 1867. No record in Washington Oct. 14, 1867. No record in Washington Oct. 4, 1864. June 25, 1865. No record in Washington Oct. 4, 1867. No record in Washington Nov. 6, 1867. 450 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Name. Date of Muster. Expiration of Service. White, Charles M. Whitney, John M.^ Williams, Charles E. Wilder, George W., Jr. Wilson, flussell. Wisner, James. Wood, Charles B. Woodruff, John. Nov. 18, 1863. Sept. 6, 1862. June 7, 1864. Feb. 29, 1864. July 16, 1864. Apr. 13, 1864. Sept. 11, 1862. Feb. 3, 1864. No record in Washington Nov. 6, 1867. Transferred to Navj\ Deserted Oct. 31, 1864 (Co. C). Disch. for dis. Aug. 15, 1864. Returned Aug. 14, 1864, to 149th N. Y. V. as a deserter. Transferred to Navy May 17, 1864. Disch. for dis. Mar. 6, 1863. Rejected Mar, 2, 1864. RECRUITS, CO. I, INDEPENDENT BATTALION (4th Cav.). Name. Rank. Date of Muster. Date of Expiration. Chute, Elbridge G. Corp. Feb. 18, '64. Nov. 14, 1865. Duff, Robert. " Feb. 18, '64. Nov. 7, 1865. Hayraan, George. Bugler. Feb. 18, '64. Nov. 14, 1865. Ayer, George W. Private. Feb. 18, '64. Died July 29, '64, Pt. of Rocks, Md Bailey, Ephraim. <( Dec. 31, '64. Nov, 14, 1865. Barrett, Michael. a Feb. 18, '64. Aug. 20, 1865. Deserted. Bates, David W. « Feb. 18, '64. Died Sept. 9, '64, Petersburg, Ya. Benson, Howard T. -0!MCirH OOOO CS Cl CO 55 Cl rH •a^wSajSSy :^ 1 r-( 1 « t- M * CO rt< (M 00 CO rH 1-1 r-l C5 , in « 1 l-i (MiMTl-»0 0<1CO(M r-l CO CO LO !>• 1 Cl 1 p4 Tjt -^ rH IC O CO '* iH CI r-l CO CO CO 00 CO ' Q OCO lOOCO rHt-CO r-l ' r-l S to > eS 5 cs S be (B g -w aj 5 3 " o ^i g 2 „ J = :S ^ c^ SJ S?^ -^ 5 ^^ 3 .S - O ,w QJ O rri , "^ o ^ ;s .2 rt '- t( -3 t^ ^ o o o ^ -^ o a a^ ^ =cr3 IS .2 P.5.2PH ■S;^ PhS ^ J en APPENDIX. 475 COMMEMORATIVE MONUMENTS. AT GETTYSBURG. The 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, which at the battle of Gettysburg was de- tached from Gregg's division and on duty at General Sedgwick's headquarters, has erected a fine monument as near the headquarters of the 6th corps as it was possible to place it. At the dedicatory ceremonies, October 11, 1885, Major Charles G. Davis of West Roxbury called to order, and comrade E. A. Smith offered prayer. Major Davis then delivered the following address : — Comrades and Friends: As chairman of the Memorial Committee of the 1st regiment of cavalry, Massachusetts volunteers, on this October day I cordially greet not only the representatives of our own old regiment, but many surviving comrades of other commands of the old Bay State, who are on this memorable field for the same purpose as ourselves, that of placing in position a monument to mark the most important spot occupied by the command during the three days' battle of .July, 1863. These memorials not only perpetuate the memory of the dead, whose devotion and sacrifice made possible the safe return of the living, but will ever point to the courage and bravery of our comrades who are with us to-day. The story of the great battle of Gettysburg is familiar to the world. It is therefore needless for us to dwell upon a subject which on this very field has been so eloquently treated by some of the most gifted orators of the land durino- the past few weeks, in connection with the erection of these memorials. The battle of Aldie, the preliminary engagement, or prologue, to the battle of Gettysburg, had, as you all will remember, made many gaps in the 1st cavalry of Massachusetts. The regiment maintained its place in the 6th corps, and reported on the field under the gallant Sedgwick. It was then detached and ordered to report to General Patrick, the provost marshal general of the army, to guard the prisoners. Being wounded at Aldie, and a prisoner in the ene- my's hands, I personally missed the glory of being with you at Gettysburg, and the details of the regiment's action I must leave to those that come after me. This monument or memorial which we to-day erect upon this sacred and historic spot is the result of the efforts of your committee, generously assisted by the contributions of members of the regiment, their friends, and the allow- ance granted by the State of Massachusetts. Prominent among the contribu- tors, I will mention Colonel H. L. Higginson, Charles F. Adams, Ji\, William Forbes, B. W. Crowninshield, Louis Cabot, Major J. J. Higginson, Captains 476 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. Channing, Clapp, H. Pelham Curtis, and E. R. Merrill ; Lieutenant C. A. Long- fellow ; Sergeants Thurston and Brackett ; and last but not least, that eminent and patriotic physician of Boston, Dr. Henry I. Bowditch, whose son, a lieu- tenant in our regiment, was killed at Kelly's Ford, March 17, 1863. Your committee consisted of General Samuel E. Chamberlain, Major D. H. L. Glea- son, and myself. The first named gentleman being called away to his field of duty in another State, we were deprived of his aid and counsel, and the labor of procuring the monument devolved upon comrade Gleason and myself. In transferring it to the charge of the representative of our governor, we venture to express the hope that our efforts meet with your approbation. Although perhaps not so elaborate as some others on the field, we feel that it is chaste and appropriate. Comrades, over twenty years have passed away, and the white-winged angel of Peace spreads her mantle lovingly over North and South, over Blue and Gray. The deeds of the gallant men who fell upon this field will be remem- bered when this stone is covered with the mould of ages, and long after we have responded to the final roll call, future generations will ask : " Why these stones ? " The nation is their monument. Feeling and patriotic remarks were also made by Major D. H. L. Gleason and Sei'geant E. A. Smith. The monument is massive and beautiful. Upon a smooth surface appears in bold relief a horse's head, a horseshoe, and two crossed sabres. It bears this inscription : — FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRS" THIRD BRIGADE, SECOND CAVALRY DIVISION ON DETACHED SERVICE. It was designed and executed by the Boston Granite Company of Worces- ter. AT ALDIE. The first regimental monument erected by Union soldiers on a Southern battlefield was dedicated at Aldie, Loudoun County, Va., by the 1st Massachu- setts Cavalry on June 17, 1891. A delegation composed of sixteen survivors of that regiment, and embracing every company of the three battalions save one — company G — was present, and consisted of Major Charles G. Davis, Sergeant George H. Cavanaugh, company A ; Sergeant J. H. Brackett, com- pany B ; Commissary Sergeant L. Gardiner, company F ; Sergeant T. Preston, company B ; T. Richardson, company H ; Sergeant George Kendall, company C ; Sergeant C. H. Newton, company C ; Sergeant C. A. Legg, company C ; Private J. H. Hess, company A ; Private C. E. Peck, company F ; Sergeant C. Cavanaugh, company B ; Private J. H. Shaw, company E ; Quartermaster ILLEDANU UlLDOr WOUND RANK NAME 60 serctC.C.SCHWARZ. A rVT A.AMMANN A .. M.F.DAMItLS A J.KELLY A A.C.PAUL A . J. H. SPARKS A J.ASTRANC. A Acrr.zarH.CARY 6 ^rtoT J.HART e coH.p J.B.FREEMAN B c.e.poole; , ' B PVT J.HARTOmc B W. REIO ' . B .. A.L.ROBINSON- ■"■ B ...D.P.SHERMAN, ■ a PVT J W.M^CONKELL . c caps T.LHAMILTON; :o F.HlNMAN ,'n. J.PIERCE ■q .. G.A.SP1NKEY-- "5 PVT CW.BOWKCR- -P ,. -R.W.CKlSLYN. ■ -o ' .. J.L.EATQX •■-,D C.'S.CRAY-' . .0 — ■/.'C'jNOEo;^^-;-! 4A-0 H.L.Bl01ilN.Sd\.:-'^ . - a,M.riUCEROV/«.'v.-.^ :rF.c- T.HURLIE- '• :a-. V.'.SWITH-. ■•■A; . . C.Q-MHdR-bLS. v'A CC" J,F.[:IKSC,QT-n;-;:iC' . J RQBEP,T-S-'v.-:i.?%; - ,\ J,\V RICHAROSQ /'. e , SMITH- Vv'.SMlTH^ D.STRAKO, :cBr V/.C .BOSWORT = /■- F A.KELLY , . v/. 4. MART IN . ,. H.L.SHEPAR.U J.B.\VLS.TQN '. . - E.S.WIWM .. C.Q.WRlCHT ... J.K.AKDRLVYJ k ^MP^^^^^ ;. , , W.BRADtSY „ . . / J.L.BSOOKV/Ar . . «.B.£DMANDS . , G,V/.HOBABT . , B.F.S.HOLMES ; . .r. HO WARD . , , D.. W.KIMBALL ., H.T.WHITMEV ttBoT DM.H£KR\W OORf H.W.CfiOMSie • .. ■ £.0.'fOV/N£ ■ pVt f.M.ALMY ,. fl.H.OARLEY .. A.CHARMOM W.H.HILL .. V/. JACKSON .. 'D.SHAMNOM .. M.M.SHEPARQ ■ '. . B.r.SWALL . . S. YOUNG .,,. C.W.ABBOT r • .. E.S.COLTOM W. CARVIM A.C.MOHSt ,■ .y. L.W.WILDAMS .-. D.B.COUCH. ...W.£. STEWART ■ ,,-D.L. SULLIVAN 50RJ> fi.HILL . ■; .-C.H.LOMBARD BUOiEflXM.BOBINSON -py'T Q,V/.ALORIOH ., , . L.E.COOLEY . ... O.W.HARRI? . . , . . CKEATINC .. : D.fl.MORRILL ■ ■.., J.H;STOTT .. C.H.VEAZIE . ... H.L. VINTON , . - E.A.JOflOAN . . e.a.parkeh - — SUMMARY — MONUMENT FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY ALDIE, VA. APPENDIX. 477 Sergeant W. O. White, company F ; Private W. Shannon, company D ; Bugler W. I. Hines, company D ; and H. L. Shepard, company B. The ceremonies at the monument were short and impressive, and a fitting commemoration of the twenty-eighth anniversary of this hloody contest, the history of which is best told by Major Davis, who briefly spoke as follows : — Beneath a sky as blue as the field on the glorious flag that floats proudly over a free, united, and prosperous country, we are assembled to dedicate this monument erected to commemorate an event in the history of the nation. "When I gaze into the faces of my comrades in arms, when I look back nearly a third of a century, when I recall the incidents of the camp, the march, the bivouac, and the battle, a feeling indescribably tender gathers around my heart as I think of the gallant fellows that, with us, under the red, white, and blue banner of the Union, rode side by side, and followed the guidons of the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry. Those were the days when experience and hard ser- vice made us men of ideas. We learned to make three days' rations last six days ; that is, to sparingly eat one hardtack, and, aided by cold water, imagine we had eaten two. We also learned how to kill a pig within hearing of the provost guard without let- ting it squeal. We also learned to endure fatigue and hunger, to suffer from heat and cold, to face danger and even death, not for gain or glory, but to up- hold the flag and preserve the Union. Twenty-eight years ago to-day, in the afternoon, on this field of Aldie, the Union forces under Kilpatrick met the Confederate forces under Stuart. It was strictly a cavalry battle, probably the hottest fight of the war. No such encounter, no such daring bravery, had before been exhibited by the cav- alry of either army. The fire was murderous, the charges and counter-charges were superb and grand. The 1st Massachusetts Cavalry fought as brave men could fight to stem the tide that bore them back, until the whole right gave way upon this bloody field where many a loved comrade met a soldier's death. Of the 294 comrades, representing eight companies of the regiment engaged in the action, our loss was 198. I do not propose to recall the scenes of excitement of that day. This mon- ument bears upon its panels a roll of honor that will be read by future genera- ations, and teach lessons of patriotism and reverence for the flag to the youth of America when we are forgotten. Neitlier do I, at this time, propose to re- call the daring deeds and acts of bravery on Aldie and other fields, for the brifliant record of the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry will soon appear in its regi- mental history, and every living comrade may then live over again the days of his campaigns ; but I will read an extract from the official report of our beloved Colonel Horace Binney Sargent : — <'At this time the second squadron. Captain Tewksbury in command, arrived, 478 FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY. and charging, with Lieutenant-Colonel Cui'tis and Major Chamberlain (then not on duty), drove the enemy a short distance. The latter soon rallied, however, and, coming back in overwhelming numbers, the squadron fell back through a ravine to a hill beyond, occupied by a third squadron under command of Captain Adams. The fourth squadron, Lieutenant Davis commanding, now charged up the road, but was immediately cut off and the largest portion killed, wounded, or captured. At this time the third squadron advanced a short dis- tance, but were met by a most severe flank fire from the enemy, who then oc- cupied the road and the field beyond, the stone wall being lined by their sharj)- shooters. This squadron fell back a short distance with frequent loss." The enemy which confronted us that day was Fitzhugh Lee's Virginia bri- gade, consisting of the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th Virginia cavalry and Breathed's battery, commanded by Colonel Thomas Munford, who in his report says : — " In each of these successive charges the enemy suffered terribly, as his flank was exposed to our sharpshooters, who would give them a fire as they advanced and one as they returned." I quote this to show that, while our men fought bravely, victory was imjios- sible, as the enemy was in ambush on either flank. On this field we left scores of loved comrades twenty-eight years ago. To- day I lift my eyes to heaven and thank God that we are permitted to live in a country enjoying the blessings of liberty and peace, where sectional feeling is unknown, and where the glorious flag we fought to save floats protectingly and lovingly alike over those who wore the blue and the gray. Who will to-day speak of ''Yank" or "Johnny" except in the pleasantry of comrades and old soldiers ? Who will doubt the friendship of the blue and the gray ? Who will say that the country is not united when I tell you that this plat of ground where our monument rests Avas given by its owner, Mr. Dallas Furr, who once was known as one of Mosby's men ? This generous, graceful action on the part of Mr. Furr embodies the sentiment contained in the beautiful lines : — " No more shall the war cry sever. Or the winding rivers be red ; They banish onr anger forever When they laurel the graves of our dead ! Under the sod and the dew, Waiting the judgment day ; — Love and tears for the Blue, Tears and love for the Gray." This monument we dedicate to the memory of our comrades who fell at Al- die. It bears upon its face the badge of our beloved regiment. Upon its pan- els are inscribed the names of our fallen braves. As we salute the dead and wipe away the silent tear, we feel that we can ask no higher honor than the proud consciousness that we once wore the crossed sabres of the 1st Massachu- setts Cavalry. APPENDIX. 479 At the conclusion of this address the comrades left the monument, and wan- dered over the battleground, easily recognizing the positions occupied by the different squadrons, and each spot of interest was visited. June 17, 1863, was thoroughly discussed. Many familiar loved names were softly spoken. " Here we buried comrades , , ." " Here it was that Sergeant Odell called ' Rally round the colors, boys.' " " Here is where Sergeant Teague charged the stone wall." " Behind this stone wall is where the sharp- shooters were first." " Over that hill is where the 5th Virginia were charg- ing." " There is where Comrade Peck found Major Higginson." " Here is where we buried fourteen in one grave." " Here " — but Major Davis calls, and as the veterans were grouped together in the dooryard of Mr. Furr for the last look over the field, with bare heads, the silence was broken by a comrade presenting that question so familiar to every member of the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, " Well, boys, who next ? " The monument is a plain stone of Concord granite, and bears the following inscription : — FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY THIRD BRIGADE SECOND CAVALRY DIVISION JUNE 17, 1863 ERECTED BY THE FIRST MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY ASSOCIATION 1891 INDEX. Abbott, S. W., 241, 287, 320. Adams, C. F., Jr., promoted captain, 86, 92 ; receives a present. 111 ; battle of Aldie, 148, 150, 151, 478 ; reports for duty, 200 ; col. of the 5th Mass. cavalry, 240. See also, .50, 72, 85, 114, 162, 199, 304, 305,322,335. Adams, Col. J. Q., 87, 90, 108, 198. Aldie, battle of, 18, 143-159, 301, 466, 477 ; cavalry losses at, 32, 157, 469, 477 ; dedi- cation of monument of 1st Mass. cavalry, 476-479. Alexandria, 69, 70, 121. Allen, N. B., 242, 327, .331, 413. Allen, S. P., youngest soldier in the regiment, 309, 413. Andy, 103. Annapolis, 51. Antietam, battle of, 13-15, 76-80, 301, 466. Arthur, 305. Ashland, 206-208, 302, 466. Auburn, 180, 181, 301, 466. Austin, Lieut. 6th Ohio cavalry. Sulphur Springs, 176. AvereU, Gen. W. W., Fisher's Hill, 27 ; made brig. -gen., 81; Fredericksburg, 93; com- mands 2d division, 110; Kelly's Ford, 115, 116. See also, 299. Baldwin, 259-261, 264, 468. Baldwin, J. A., 200, 242, .324, 333. Band, difficulties of the first, 461 ; mustered out, 461, 463 ; formation of the second, 461, 464; appreciated in Washington, 462 ; relurns to the regiment, 463 ; value of good music, 464, 465. Barber's Ford, 260-266, 468. Bartel, Leopold, wounded at Beaufort, 256. See also, 4l8. Bartlett, A. W., wounded at Barber's Ford, 26(1. See also, 408. Batchelder, G. W., 41, 45, 49, 72, 112, 322, 330, 336. Beaufort, 2d battalion quartered at, 55 ; hastily deserted by Confederates, 56 ; van- dalism of the troops, 56 ; beauties of, 57 ; compared with Hilton Head, 59, 60; 3d battalion remains at, 69, 255, 257 ; recol- l3ctions of, 297, 304-306. Beaver Dam, 206, 466. Belcher, A. F., wounded at High Bridge, 277. See also, 417. BeUfield, 237, 246, 301, 467. Benham, Gen. H. W., 62, 64. Beverly Ford, 128, 131, 167, 168, 170. Birney, Gen. WiUiam, 268. "Black Horse Cavalry," 20, 190. Blackburn's Ford, 15, 80. Blagden, George, on Col. Williams's staff, 62 ; joins the 2d Mass. cavalry, 89. See also, 50, 72, 325. BlaisdeU, F. A., wounded at Barber's Ford, 267. See also, 417. Boonsboro, 75, 164. Boston, Capt. R. B., Aldie, 154-157. Boston Dragoons, 40, 48. Boston Lancers, 40, 48. Bottom's Bridge, 219, 220, 466. Bowditch, H. P., returns from Hilton Head, 86, 255 ; New Hope Church, 184 ; wounded, 184 ; major in 5th Mass. cavalry, 200. See also, 50, 114, 162, 322, 335. Bowditch, Nathaniel, goes home on leave^ 63 ; made adjutant of the regiment, 92, 330; attached to Col. Duffi^'s staff, 110, 111, 113, 115 5 killed at Kelly's Ford, 116. See also, 50, 72, 85, 114, 115. Brandy Station, battle at, 18, 121, 128-141, 200, 301, 466. Breckenridge, Maj. Cary, Aldie, 155, 1.56. Brigham, J. L., 103, 114, 242, 325, 331. Bristoe Station, 181, 182, 466. Brother to Brooker, 289. Broughton, Lieut., Brandy Station, 133, 136. Brown, Simeon E., Kelly's Ford, 116. Burkesville, 251, 252, 270, 272-276. Bums, Richard, killed at Barber's Ford, 267. See also, 429. Burnside, Gen. A. E., at Antietam, 14, 79; South Mountain, 74; succeeds MeClellan, 89 ; Fredericksburg, 93. 94 ; " Mud March," 95 ; relieved by Hooker, 108. Butler, H. M., 84, 328, 331, 334. Butler, Col. M. C, Brandy Station, 129, 134- 138. Cabot, Louis, joins 2d Mass. cavalry, 89 ; major 4th Mass. cavalry, 268. See also, 50, 328. 482 INDEX. Cahill. Thom4, 408. Camp Stoneiuau, 121. Camp White, 54. Carey, Hugh, mortally wounded at Aldie, 14!), ]5;J. See also, ;52!), ;J4!). Carr, Col. 4th Penn. cavalry, killed at An- tietam, 15, 78. Carrington, Maj. Henry, Aldie, 152, 157. Catoctin Mountain, 7-!, 400. Cavalry, difficulties in the organization of at the North, ;3-(), 284 ; Confederate sys- tem of enrollment of, 7 ; Southern and Northern contrasted, 11, 17, i5l, ;%, 80, 284, 21)5; the regular, 4, 12; enlistment of volunteer, 9-12, 40 ; arms and equij)- ments, 9, 11,85, 294, 295; uniform, 290; badly managed, 18, 17, 31; work during 18()2-08, 10 ; emancipation of, 10 ; heavy losses, 82 ; hard work, 82-84 ; discom- forts, 34; horses, 35; good commanders rare, 37. Cedar Creek, 29. Centreville, 19, 20, 182. Cesnola, Gen. L. P. di, Brandy Station, 128 ; Aldie, 148, 150- See also, 807. Chamberlain, S. E., Poolesville, 71, 4(i0 ; captured, 72 ; promoted major, 80 ; ex- changed, 92 ; expedition to liappahannoek Station, 111; division inspector, 111; Kel- ly's Ford, 115, IKi; Aldie. 144, 478; re- ports for duty, 109; made lieut.-col., 217; Milford, 217;' St. Mary's Church, 225, 227, 407 ; letter to Gov. Andrew, 230 ; pro- moted col., 240 ; made col. of 5th Mass. cavalry, 240. See also, 49, 72, 114, 241, 242, 280, 317, 388, 400, 407. Chancellorsville, battle of, 8, 17, 120, 301. Charleston, movement on, 02-()4, 4()8. Chestnut, Capt., Brandy Station, 130, 138, 139. Chisholm. Tom, ISO. Clapp, Channing, on Col. Williams's staff, G3 ; promoted captain, 80, 92 ; assigned to Gen. Benham's staff, 112. See also, 50, 72, 85, 322. Clark, R. M., joins the 2d Mass. cavalry, 89. See also, 50, 72, 822. Clement, A. J., account of the Florida cam- paign, 259-205. See also, 487. Cold Harbor, 219, 220, .801, 400. " Comniiss,ary whiskey," 298, 299. Coupe, William, exchanged, 92 ; resigned, 92. See also, 72, 829, 88.4. Cram, N. W., wounded at Barber's Ford, 207. See also, 400. Crowninshield, B. W., goes home on leave, 08 ; rejoins the regiment, 102, 230 ; in command, 163 ; Welford's Ford, 108 ; Kapidan Station, 170 ; New Hope Church, 184 ; Ashland Station, 207 ; attached to Gen. Sheridan's staff, 232 ; mustered out, 242. See also, 49,72, 85, 114, 228, 227, 228, 285, 241, 288, 289, 819, 400, 407. Crowninshield, Caspar, reconnoissance, 80 ; joins the 2d Mass. cavalry, 89. See also, 49, 72, 289, 321, 334. Culpeper, battle of, 19, 170-172, 301, 400. See also, 153. Curry, Levi, second bandmaster, 402, 405. Curtis, G. S., goes to Annapolis with 1st bat- talion, 51 ; commands the 1st battalion at Hilton Head, 01 ; rejoins the regiment in Maryland, 72, 255, 402 ; reconnoissance to- ward Smithfield, 83 ; pronu)ted lieut.-col., 80; EUiss Ford, 111; Kelly's Ford, 117; comnumds the regiment, 118; Aldie, 144, 140, 148, 478 ; resigns, 103, 217. See also, 49, 90, 114, 817, 40(). Curtis, H. P., made adjutant of the regiment, 113, 380. See also^ 50, 72, 85, 114, 241, 328. Custer, Gen. G. A., captures Rosser's bag- gage, 27 ; Cedar Creek, 29 ; attacks Lee's reserve artillery near Hageistown, 101; Todd's Tavern, 205 ; Trevilian's Station, 223. Davies, Gen. H. E., Todd's Tavern, 204; Trevilian's Station raid, 227 ; returns to command, 240 ; Avounded at Stony Creek Station, 245 ; severely wounded in the Vaughan Road Expedition, 249 ; Special Order No. 58, 250 ; admirable commander, 299. See also, 280, 248, 247. Davis, , High Bridge, 275, 277. Davis, C. G., detailed on Col. Duffi^'s staff, 110, 112, 115; Kelly's Ford, 110; Aldie, 148, 149, 153, 478; mustered out, 242; address .at dedication of Gettysburg monu- ment, 475, 470 ; at dedication of Aldie monument, 477, 478. See also, 72, 114, 814, 819, 388. Davis, H. T., detailed on Gen. Devens's sta£F, 111. See also, 49, 72, 114, 825, 335. Davis House, attack ne.ar the, 242, 248. Deep Bottom, 281, 2(i8, 802, 407, 408. Dinwiddle Court House, 288, 24:3, 249. Dismounted Camp, evils of, 8, 88, 121, 122, 288. Douty, Col. C. S., killed at Aldie, 158. Doyle, S. A., 127, 849. Drew, John, 234, 285, 241, 324, 333. Duchesny, L. N., Sulphur Springs, 125; cap- tured at Aldie, 149, 153. See also, 241, 814, 827. Duffi^, Col. A. N., commands a brigade under Gen. Averell, 110; success as a com- mander, 118; battle of Brandy Station, 128-134, 189. See also, 299. INDEX. 483 Dumfries, 91, 101, 121. Durgin, Dr. S. H., 241, 287, 320. Early, Gen. Jubal A., invades Maryland 22, 232; battle of Winchester, 23-27; Fishers Hill 27 ; report to Gen. Lee, 28 ; hnaliy subdued by Sheridan, 2'J ; Vaughan Road, Edisto Island, 58, 04 ; troops concentrated at 02 Edson, J. H., goes to New York -with 2d bat- talion, 51 ; resigns, 58. See also, 4.), ol^. Eighth South Carolina infantry, captured, -^. Elder, Capt., Olustee, 2G3, 204. Ely's Ford, 121, 183, 185, 203. Ephraim, 290. Evers, Gustav, 100, 333, 339 _ Ewell, Gen. R. S., Brandy Station, 141 ; sur- rendered at Sailor's Creek, 251, 271. Farley, Capt. W. D., Brandy Station, 135, 137-139. Farniville, 272-277. Farnsworth, Col. J. F., 73. Fifth U. S. Cavaby, Gaines s Mills, 12. Fifth Virginia cavalry, Aldie, 145, 147, 14», 151, l.")4-150. Fillebrown, G. M., Aldie, 144-140, 152, 15:>. See also, 114, 320. First Maine cavalry, Aldie, 147, 150, 1.3.5, 158; Shepherdstown, 105; Chester Gap, 178; Ground Squirrel Church, 209 ; Han- over .Junction, 210; Trevilian's Station raid, 227. See also, 140, 17C>, 297, 2»9._ First Maryland cavalry, Rapidan Station, 174, 170. First Massachusetts cavalry, from what made up, 40; encamp at Readville, 41, 4() ; mu- tiny, 42 ; changes in officers, 43 ; roster of regiment, Sept., 1801, 44, 45; Col. Wil- liams's criticisms on officers, 4;) ; horses supplied, 47 ; some illusions dispelled, 47 ; march to Boston, 48; roster, Dec, 18(')1, 49; 1st battalion goes to Annapolis, 51; 2d and 3d battalions go to New York, 51 ; order issued to disband, 52 ; order counter- manded, 52; attached to Gen. Hunter's corps, 53 ; journey to South Carolina, 53- 55 ; stationed at Port Royal, 53 ; and Beau- fort, 55 ; rigidly disciplined, (iO ; expedition against Charleston, ()2 ; effect of continu- ous drill, 03 ; Pocotaligo, 00 ; two battal- ions ordered to Virginia, ()8 ; poor condition on arrival, 70 ; encounter at Poolesville, 71 ; attached to Farnsworth's brigade, 73 ; Catoctin and Middletown, 73, 74 ; South Mountain, 75 ; condition of the cavalry at opening of Antietam campaign, 70 ; bat- tle of Antietam, 79, 80 ; attached to Aver- ell's brigade, 81 ; reconnoissance under Gen. Humphreys, 83; two squadrons at- tached to Porter's corps, 84; Snicker's Ferry skirmish, 85 ; camp in Washington, 88; regimental standard, 90; winter be- fore Fredericksburg, 33, 90-117; amuse- ments, 100; food, 98-100; boxes from home, 113; third roster, Feb., KSCio, 114; sprin"- campaign, 118; battle of Chancel- lorsville, 120; battle at Brandy Station, 1 28-142-; battle of Aldie, 32, 143-159 ; at Gettysburg, 100-1()4 ; joins Mcintosh's bri- gade, 104 ; on the Rappahannock, 10 ( ; Culpeper, 170, 171 ; Rapidan Station, 172- 170 ; Sulphur Springs, 178 ; Auburn, 181), 181 ; winter quarters at Wan-enton, 18.t- 202 ; Front Royal raid, 193, 194 ; disas- trous results of recruiting raw officers, 190 197; reenlistment, 197-202; Todd 3 Tavern, 204; Ashland, 200-208; Ground Squirrel Church, 208-210; Hawes's Shop, 217; Cold Harbor, 219, 220; Trevilian s Station, 220-227 ; discomforts of summer of 18()4, 233-235 ; old men mustered out 237 240; Davis House, 243; Good camp at Westbrook House, 244 ; Bellfield, 240 ; Vaughan Road, 249 ; ordered to City Point, 2.50; enters Richmond, 2.52; to Washmg- ton, 253 ; to Boston, 252-254. Reminiscences: horses, 287-293; equipment, 294-29(); uniform, 290; servants, 298, .iOb ; "commissary whiskey," 298, 299 ; pigs, .303, 304; at Beaufort, 304, 300; losses, 180'l-05, 409 ; casualties, officers, 4(59 ; en- listed men, 470. First Mass. Cavalry Association, 28(). First Pennsylvania cavaky, Beverly tord, 108. See also, 299. ^ „ , -p ^ First Rhode Island cavalry, Kelly s Ford, IIG; most intimately associated with 1st Mass. cavalry, 299. Fisher's Hill, battle of, 27, 240 Fitzpatiick, Daniel, captured at Sulphur Springs, 127. See also, 3.52. Five Forks, work of the cavalry at the bat- tle of, 30. . . (\r\ n ^ Flint E. A., joins the regiment, 9U ; Oul- peper, 171. See also, 114, 200, 241, 319. Florida expedition, 2.59-2()5. _ Flournoy, Maj., Rapidan Station, 177. Folly Island, 257. , „ , ,, , Forbes, W. H., joins the 2d Mass. cavalry, 89. See .also, .50, 72, 325. Fortress Monroe, ()8-()9. i .o irs . Fourth New York cavalry, Aldie, 148, l.jb , Upperville, 148, 308; the polyglot regi- ment, 307, 308. ^ , ^ ^ . Fourth Virginia cavalry. Sulphur Springs, l'>5-127 ; Brandy Station, 129-ltjl, 160- 137. See also, 20, 190. , , ^rp Frasier, .1. B., captured at Beaufort, lob, 257. See also, 420. Frederick City, 73, 88, 102, 103. Fredericksburg, 09, 93, 94, 108, 301 ; suffer- ing of cavalry before, 33. 484 INDEX. Front Royal, 165, 193-106. Frye, Maj., 1st Penn. cavalry, 162, 163. Fiiller, , captured at High Bridge, 277. Gaines's Mills, 12. Garvin, , captured at High Bridge, 277. Gay, C. A., one of the four youngest soldiers in the regiment, 309, 397. Gernianna Ford, 185, 188. Gettysburg, battle of, 19, 87, 160, 161, 301, 466 ; dedication of monument of 1st Mass. cavalry, 475, 476. Giesboro Point. 121. Glanders, 32, 61, 101. Gleason, D. H. L., encounter with a rebel, 122-124; Sulphur Springs, 125-127 ; Rapi- dan Station, 176, 466 ; New Hope Church, 184; Todd's Tavern, 205 ; Ground Squirrel Church, 208-210; Hanover Junction, 210 ; letter to Col. Crowninshield, 313-315. See also, 72, 114, 186, 323, 334. Goddard, , High Bridge, 273; killed, 277. Goldsborough, Lieut., captured at Brandy Station, 139. Goodwin, J. A., promoted 2d lieutenant, 112; mustered out. 242. See also, 162, 331. Gordon, Gen. J. B., Winchester, 25 ; Han- over Junction, 210; Trevilian's Station, 223. Gorham, G. W., 241, 286, 321, 385. Gott, C. O., first bandmaster, 461. Grant, Gen. U. S., opinion of Sheridan, 23, 202 ; report of High Bridge, 272-273; let- ter to Col. Washburn's family, 279-280. Gray, A. Z., captured at High Bridge, 277. " Greased heel," 16, 32, 34, 77. Gregg, Gen. D. McM., brigade commander, 110; commands 2d division, 143; Brandy Station, 128, 1.34, 139, 140 ; Aldie, 154, 1.57, 158 ; Gettysburg, 160, 161 ; Culpeper, 170; Rapidan Station, 172, 173 ; New Hope Church, 183, 185; Todd's Tavern, 205; Hanover Junction, 211 ; Trevilian's Station raid, 225-227 ; resigns, 250 ; efficient com- mander, 300. See also, 207, 209, 210, 237, 244, 245, 249. Gregg, Col. J. I., brigade commander, 110, 143 ; Brandy Station, 128, 13J ; wounded, 238 ; wounded at the Vaughan Road, 249. See also, 154. Ground Squirrel Church, 208-210, 302, 466. Grove Church, 111. Hagerstown, 81, 84, 86, 88, 161, 162, 256. Halltown, 22, 23. Hamilton, Capt., 59, 263. Hampton, Lieut.-Col. Frank, Brandy Station, 129, 1.30, 133-137. Hampton, Gen. AVade, suffering of his brigade from the Confederate cavalry system, 8 ; successful raids, 18; Brandy "Station, 128, 140; battle of Aldie, 1.53; New Hope Church, 185; Parker's Store, 186, 1«7 ; Trevilian's Station raid, 223-226 ; Stony Creek Station, 244, 245. See also, 237. Hancock's flying coi-ps, 238. Hart, James, fatally wounded at Aldie, 152. See also, 333, 349. Hartwood Church, 99, 102, 104, 112. Hatch, Gen. George P., order commending the 1st Mass. cavalry, 59. Hawes's Shop, 217, 302, 466. Hayden, F. W., promoted 2d lieutenant, 112; captured at Bealton, 117 ; mustered out, 242. See also, 114, 329, 334. Henry, Col. Guy V., commands the Light Brigade, 259 ; Florida expedition, 260, 261.; General Orders, No. 1, 265; No. 3, 266. Herrick, D. W., Ground Squirrel Church, 208, 210. See also, 235, 241, 324, 334. Hickey, Thomas, bravery at battle of High Bridge, 277. See also, 438. Higginson, H. L., promoted major, 58; takes command at Edisto Island, 58 ; commands 2d battalion at Beaufort, 61 ; Pocotaligo, 66 ; goes to Virginia, 68 ; goes to Washing- ton, 86 ; Aldie, 144-146, 152, 153 ; resigns, 163. See also, 49, 72, 114, 241, 290, 318, 333. Higginson, J. J., joins the regiment, 92 ; Rapidan Station, 124 ; Brandy Station, 129 ; captured at Aldie, 149, 153 ; returns to the regiment, 200. See also, 114, 242, 323. High Bridge. 270-278, 280, 468. Hilton Head, forts captured by Gen. Hunter, 53; arrival of 1st Mass. cavalry, 53, 54; compared with Beaufort, 59 ; difficulty in getting water, 61 ; 3d battalion quartered at, 255-257; arrival of 2d battalion 4th Mass. cavalry, 267 ; of 3d battalion, 268. Hobson, Capt. John D., Brandy Station, 136. Hodges, , killed at High Bi-idge, 277. Holland, J. H., goes home on leave, 63 ; attentive to the condition of the men, 102. See also, 49, 85, 114, 287, 294, 320. Hooker, Gen. Joseph, reorganizes the Army of the Potomac, 16, 108 ; famous remark of, 32 ; South Mountain, 74 ; succeeds Por- ter, 89 ; relieves Burnside, 108 ; plans an attack on Lee, 1 19 ; visits 1st Mass. cav- alry, 115; Chaneellorsville, 120, 121. See also, 140, 1.50, 178. Hopkins. A. L., Todd's Tavern, 204. See also, 241, 319. Hopkins, E. P., killed at Ashland Station, 207. See also, 327. Horses, well trained, in Confederate cavalry, 7 ; furnished to the 1st Mass. cavalry, 35, 36, 47 ; reminiscences of different, 287- 290. Howland, F. P., wounded at Barber's Ford, 267. See also, 410. INDEX. 485 Holland, J. W., 235, 242 328. Humphreys, Gen. A. A., bd. Huukins, G. W., wounded at Barber s Ford, 267. See also, 430. Hunter, Gen. A. A., frees the negroes, 61. See also, 53, 64, 232, 2.55. , ^ , , Hutchinson, George, wounded at Barbers Ford, 267. See also, 431. Illustrations : Abbott, Caleb F., 380. Abbott, Samuel W., 160. Abel, George A., 302. Adams, Edw. H., 280. Aldie, Va., Monument First Massachusetts Cavalry, 476. Allen, Stanton P., 426. Andrew, John A., 8.^ Angier, Lucius B., 332. Antietam Bridge, Md., 78. Averell, W. W., 18. Bacon, Charles D., 432. Baldwin, James A., 234. Ball, J. Warren, 400. Barker, William, 416. Barrus, Alvan, 328. Bartel, L, 432. Bartlett, Henry T., 410. Bartlett, Samuel W.,41ij. Batchelder, Greenleaf W., 250. Beals, Joseph, 390. Beaufort Island, 56. Belcher, Alfred C, 432. Belcher, Charles B., 426. Bellew, Robert, 380. Blagden, George, 246. Blaisdell, Frank A., 432. Blaisdell, Virgil MarceUus, 422. Blasland, William, 364. Bowditch, Henry P., 220. Bowditch, Nathaniel, 250. Bowen, Nelson O. , 426. Boyd, William, 332. Brackett, Josiah N., 280. Bradbury, George L., 234. Brigham, John L., 200. Bruce, Lorenzo, 442. Bryant, A. R., 292. Buchanan, William B., 328. Buford, John, 22. Burnham, E. A., 416. Butler, Marcus, 380. ^ .. /> Camp Brigham, Readville, Mass., Sept. b- Dec. 29, 1861, 46. Camp Williams, Beaufort, S. C, Jan. 21 Aug. 19, 1862, 64. Cannon, Franklin L., 390. Carpenter, James W., 380. Case, James H., 214. Caswell, W. J., 292. , „ , ^o Cavalryman, the Ideal and the Real, 61. Cavanaugh, George H., 314. Chamberlain, Samuel E., 52. Chapman, Edwin, 442. Chase, Franklin, 380. Cheney, Irving R., 406. Childs, Alphonzo F., 380. Clark, Duett C, 276. Clark, Randolph M., 220. Cobb, Ethan E., 330. Cochran, Robert J., 370. Colors of the First Massachusetts Cavalry, Frontispiece. Couch, Daniel B., 390. Coville, Thomas H., 436. Cowles, Merrick, 452. Crabtree, Edward, 468. Crabtree, George, 468. Crocker, Frederick O., 406. Crowninshield, Benjamin W., 126, 288. Crowninshield, Caspar, 210. Curtis, Greely S., 72. Curtis, Herbert P., 224. Custer, George A., 22. Daly, Jeremiah T., 328. Davenport, Benjamin F., 390. Davenport, S. N., 296. Davies, H. E., 18. Davis, Augustus M., 456. Davis, Charles G., 130. Davis, Henrv C, 332. Davis, William N., 336. D Company, Gen. Meade's Escort, 358. D Company, Officers and Non-Coramis- sioned Officers, Gen. Meade's Escort, 348. Drayton Plantation, S. C, G Company, 58. Drew, John, 230. Duchesney, L. N., 266. Duffi4, A. N., 18. Dunham, Andrew J., 328. Durgin, Samuel H., 184. Dyer, C. W., 276. Ennis, Joseph F., 344. Evers, Gustave, 308. Fahey, Edward, 328. Felch, Joseph E., 396. Fessenden, William H., 452. Fillebrown, George M.,256. Filley, George W., 302. Finney, William, 292. Fish, Nathaniel H., 406. Fisher, John, 468. Fiske, John M.. 396. Flagg, George W-, 272. Flint, Edward A., 136. Gale, Samuel D., 336. Galloway, Henry H., 370. Gardiner, Seymour. 396. Gay, Joseph, 322. _ c n (^a G Company, Drayton Plantation, O. O., o». George, Edw. T., 422. George, John H., 364. Gettysburg, Pa., Monument First Massa- chusetts Cavalry, 474. 486 INDEX. Gleason. D. H. L., 230. Glenn, Robert, 462. Glines, Jolin A., 336. Gooding, E. H., 292. Grant, U. S., 12. Groton, Charles E., 422. Gregg, David McM., 22. Gregg, J. Irvin, 18. Hanks, Ilonry J., 452. Harding. Tyler, 302. Harris, Orrin AV., 406. Hartwood Church and Vicinity, 102. Hawes, Bradford, 432. Henick, David W., 234. Hess, J. lleiurich, 308. Hickey, Thomas, 402. Higginson, Henry Lee, 110, Higginson, James J., 230. Hill, George H., 452. Hilton Head, Camp at, Jan. 1862-Aug. 10, 1862, 62. . b ' Hobbs, A. H. D., 336. Hobson, George, 364. Holland, James, 150. Hooper, Nathan C, 364. Hopkins, Amos L., 140. Hoi-se Artillery, Group of Officers, 174. Howes, Lorenzo L., 308. Hubbard, ISherraan W., 370. Hunt, Andrew J., 3it6. Hut at Potomac Greek, Va., 96. Hyde, Edwin O., 390. Jackley, Jacob, 4^36. Jackson, P. T., 260. Jones, Lewis, 416. •Tosselyn, J. O., 276. Keav, Alfred H., 332. Keith, D. B., 210. Kendall, George, 344. Kitf, Orlando .S., 462. Kihlgreen, Charles A., 416. Kilpatrick, Judson, 18. King, Peter «., 322. Knight, Lucius W., 190. Lakeman, Richard W., 364. Lasor, Sanford W., 384. Legg,-Charles A., 344. Legg, William H., 332. Lincoln, Abraham, 3. Littlefield, Harry D.. 272. Littlehale, John D., 370. Livingston, Murray V., 3.')4. Lombard, George H., 400. Longfellow, Charles A., 260. Lund, Frank M., 292. Lyman, Timothy P., 266. Lyiide, Cliarles, 384. Macinaw, Edw. W. R, .308. Mann, Benjamin G., 204. Map to illustrate the Campaigns of the First Massachusetts Cavalry in Virginia and Maryland, 1862-1865, in pocket. Martin, John W., 266. Ma,son, Andrew A., 370. Maycock, Herbert, 308. McClellan, George B., 12. McDevitt, Tlios. F. B., 308. McDonald, Alexander, 322. Mclnnis, Dugald, 296. Mcintosh, J. B., 18. Meade, George G., 12. Melenfy, John, 370. Merrill; Edw. R., 240. Miles, Walter, 240. Mills, Herman, 462. Morrill, Lucius H., 246. Moi-se, Aniasa C, 374. Motley, T. Lawrence, 120. Murphy, Joseph C, 224. Nennery, Michael, 410. Osborne, George S., 180. Otis, H. W., 456. Overton, William H., 332. Parsons, C. Chauncey, 256. Patterson, Josiah D.", 314. Patterson, Samuel M., 422. Peck, Chauncey E., 390. Pettibone, Chauncey, 308. Phillips, Alton E.,246. Pierce, Amos, 442. Pleasouton, Alfred, 22. Potomac Creek Bridge, Va., 78. Potomac Run, Plan of Camp at, 94. Pratt, Myron C, 220. Pratt, Oliver D., 452. Prescott, Isaac H., 322. Preston, Thomas, 328. Rand, Arnold A., 214. Ray, Albert F., 256. Rice, Albert R., 164. Rice. William H., 302. Richardson, J. W., 314. Richmond, Lucius, 210. Ridley, Sewall P., 448. Rogers, IS. D., 3.54. Ross, Daniel M., 410. Russell, Edward J., 266. Sampson, Ichabod, 396. Sampson, William S., 410. Sargent, Horace Binney, 42. Sargent, Lucius M., 82. Severance, Augustus, 344. Shannon, Daniel, 354. Shaw, Bartlett, 410. Shaw, Jarius H., 374. Shepard, Albert S., 322. Shepard, Herbert L., 322. Sheridan, P. II., 12. Sherman, Albert A., 400. Sisson, AVilliam H., 3f^4. Skelton, Robert P., 406. Smith, Charles M., 380. Smith, P:ii A., 354. Soldier's Dream, The, 96. INDEX. 487 Southwick, Famum, 374. Stackpole, Joseph E., 384. Stacy, Moody K., 422. Stevens, AUierton 11-, Jr., 116. Stewart, William E., 3«4. Stocklji-idg-e, Lindley H., 448. Stoneman, (Jeorge, 22. Storer, A. R., 448. Strang-, Gabriel, 442. Suiibury, Horace A., 370. Switzer, Almon L., 354.^ Teagiie, Gjor}?e II., 140. Tevvksbury, John L., 88. Thayer, Ilosea L., 374. Tobey, William, 328. Torbert, A. T., 22. Tyler, A. W., 296. Vial, Edward W., 374. Vininjr, William A., 422. Walker, Gerry R., 302. Walker, J. II., 422. Wall, William H. II., 448. Wal«h, James T., 400. Walsh, Richard, 314. Warden, William W., 250. Warner, Homer H., 170. Warrenton, Va., camp at, 194. Washburn, Francis, 240. Washburne, George M., 322. "Waterman, Irving, 426. Webber, Oren H., 344. Webster, Moses F., 224. Welch, William, 432. Weld, Horace N., 214. Weston, Henry C, 296. White, Charles W., 468. White, Wm. F., 10(i. White, William O., 374. Whiting, Charles H., 354. Whitney, George H., 332. Willard, Elijah, 314. Willard, James A., 442. Williams, Robert, 28, 38. Wood, Albert, 156. Wood, Henry F., 296. Wood, Horatio, 280. Wood, Lemuel, 318. Wood, Preston, 448. Woodbury, George E., .396. Zinmierman, Sebastian, 314. Independent Battalion, Mass. Cavalry Volun- teers, formerly 3d battalion, Ist Mass. cav- alry, 25(5, 282 ; attached to 4tli Mass. cav- alry, 258, 267, 282; Florida expedition, 258-2(i5 ; 1st and 3d battalions ordered to Va., 2()8; companies E and H first troops to enter Richmond, 270; mustered out, 272. Indng, Capt. Jesse, Aldie, 156. Jackson, P. T., Jr., 187, 200, 329, 33a Jackson, Stonewall, 120. Jacksonville, 259, 261,265, 270, 408. James Island, 62, 64, 65, 76, 466. JaiTett's Station, 24.5. „.,„., n^- Jenkins, , wounded at High iindge, Zll. Johns Island, 62, m, 4<56. Johnson, G. E., wounded at Lake C.ty, 267. See also, 440. Jones's Cross Roads, 164, 466. Kautz's brigade, 237, 245. Keedysville, 76, 78, 80. Keith, \h B., commands at Edisto Island, 58 ; transferred to 4th Mass. cavalry, 267. See also, 45, 49, .321, 334, 335. Kelly, J. B., one of the four youngest soldiers in the regiment, 309, 369. Kelly's Ford, 105, 107, 128, 132, 134, 170, 183, 185 ; battle of, 8, 17, 115-118, 466. Kershaw, Gen. J. B., Cedar Creek, 29. Kilpatrick, Gen. Judson, Brandy Station, 139 ; Aldie, 144, 147, 152, 154, 157, 158. See also, 143, 299. Knight, L. W., 49, 103, 114, 324, 331. Knight, T. W. D., wounded, 257. See also, 410. Lathrop, , captured at High Bridge, 277. Lee, Gen. Fitzhugh, brigade suffers from Confederate cavalry system, 8 ; success as a cavalry commander, 17, 21 ; raids by, 18 ; forced to retreat at Winchester, 25 ; wounded, 27 ; succeeded by Rosser, 28 ; compared with Stuart, 36; encounter at Poolesville, 71 ; attacks Federals at Hart- wood Clnirch, 1 12 ; Hanover Junction, 210 ; Brandy Station, 140; Aldie, 153, 154; High Bridge, 27 1 , 278, 280. See also, 210. Lee, Gen. R. E-, good management of cav- alry, 13; Antietam, 14-16, 75, 78-80; South Mountain, 73-75; Gettysburg, 19, 161; Mine Run, 19, 183; retreats across the Potomac, 164, 165 ; Sulphur Springs, 178, 179 ; Bristoe Station, 181, 182 ; Rap- pahannock Station, 1S2 ; threatens Wash- ington, 232 ; High Bridge, 271, 278. See also, 272, 273. ,,» ^^o Lee, Col. W. H. F., 83, 140 ; Aldie, 147, 153, 1.54 ; Culpeper, 170. See also, 237. Light, E. P., 204, .331, .369. , , , , Lipscomb, Maj. T. J., account of the battle of Brandy Station, 135-138. Littlefield, H. D., 235, 327, 330. Lombard, F. O., first to use the Spencer rifle, 83 ; promoted 2d lieutenant, 112 ; killed at New Hope Church, 184. See also, 329, 334. . ^„ Longfellow, C. A., joins the regiment, 9^ ; wounded at New Hope Church, 184. bee also, 114, 327, 330. Longstreet, Gen. James, 15.3. Looney, Michael, killed at Hawes Shop, 21o. See also, 349. 488 INDEX. Lowell, Col. Charles Russell, captures Sontli Carolina infantry, '2o ; killed at Cedar Creek, 20 ; success as cavalry leader, 29. Lyman, T. P., 285, 828. Lyon, E. V., 258, 410. Malvern Hill, 238, 302, 467. Manassas Gap, 165, 194, 195. Martin, J. W., Aldie, 145, 146. See also, 235, 241, 327, 333. Martinsburg, 23, 81. McClellan, Gen. Geo. B., outwitted by Stuart, 13, 16, 82 ; at Antietam, 13-16, 38, 39, 78-80, 107 ; compared with Sheridan, 38 ; reinstated in command, 70 ; Frederick City, 73 ; South Mountain, 74 ; succeeded by Burnside, 89. McClellan, Gen. H. B., concerning' the Con- federate cavalry, 6-9 ; account of the bat- tle of Brandy Station, 131-141 ; Aldie, 153-158 ; Rapidan Station, 177 ; New Hope Church, 185. Meade, Gen. G. G., retreats to Centreville, 19, 180, 181 ; advances to the Rapidan, 19, 183 ; Mine Run expedition, 19, 183 ; constantly attacked by Confederates, 20 ; successful management of cavalry, 20 ; mis- take at Gettysburg, 39 ; fails to prevent Lee's retreat, 164, 165 ; crosses the Rappa- hannock, 170 ; before Petersburg, 229-232. Meadow Bridge, 213, 214, 406. Mercer, F. W., 63. Merrill, E. R., wounded at Parker's Store, 187. See also, 50, 72, 85, 114, 162, 289, 306, 324, 333. Miehigander, 289. Middletown, 74. Miles, Walter, 49, 269, 324, 333. Milford, 217, 466. Milrov, Gen. R. H., 153. Mine Run, 19, 183, 185, 466. Mitchell, Gen. O. M., 255. Moore, Adj., Aldie, 136. Morrill, L. H., 50, 257, 336. Morrisville, 105, 106. Mosby's battalion, 20, 190, 193. Motley, T. L., serves on Gen. Gordon's staff, 105, 111 ; Ashland Station, 207, 208. See also, 49, 72, 92, 114, 241, 319. Mountain Run, 130, 138. Mulligan, J. E., captured, 83. See also, 335, 389. Munford, Col. Thomas, Aldie, 154-158, 478. Munn, C. E., 103, 287. Murphy, J. C, in command, 243. See also, 241, 323, 467. New Hope Church, 183-185, 302, 466. New Market, 231, 467. Newton, Capt. W. B., Aldie, 1.55, 1.57. Noble, J. A., deserted, 258. See also, 421. North Bridge water Dragoons, 41. Northway, Capt., 6th Ohio cavalry. Sulphur Springs, 176. Oak Shade, 167-169. O'Hara, Jean, 248. Old Tom, 289. Olustee, 262-265, 468. Ord, Gen. E. O. C, High Bridge, 271-281. Ordway, N. P., Aldie, 151. See also, 372. Orieans, 169, 193, 195. Osborne, G. S., 103, 114, 287, 320. Otis, Mrs. Harrison Gray, sends novel pair of socks to Col. Sargent, 1 13. Owen, Capt., Sulphur Springs, 126, 127. Owen, Col. T. H., Aldie, 157. Palatka, 265, 468. Parker's Store, 183, 187,466; helpless sick men killed by Confederates at, 186, 204. Parsons, C. C, Aldie, 146 ; takes commission in the colored cavalry, 200. See also, 328. Pasho, Elisha, wounded at Barber's Ford, 267. See also, 431. Patterson, W. C , 64, 286, .320. Pelham, Maj., kiUed at Kelly's Ford, 117. Petersburg, 229, 231, 232, 234, 240, 251, 268, 273, 468. Phillips, A. E., 114, 124, 334. Pickett, Gen. G. E., Five Forks, .30. Pioneers, Corps of, 300, 301. Pleasonton, Gen. Alfred, Antietam, 78 ; pays particular attention to dismounted camps, 121 ; Brandy Station, 128, 131, 140, 141. See also, 72, 74, 110, 143, 151, 161. Pocotaligo, 66, 67, 256, 468. Poole, C. E., Sulphur Springs, 127. See also, 350. Poolesville, 71, 72, 106, .301, 466. Pope, Gen. John, poor management of cav- alry, 13, 71 ; Virginia campaign, 67, 107. Port Royal, 2d and 3d battalions arrive at, 53 ; 1st battalion arrives at, 58. Porter, Gen. Fitz-John, at Antietam, 13, 15, 79 ; succeeded by Hooker, 89. Potomac Run, winter quarters at, 91, 93-97, 201. See also, 8-5, 121, 253. Pratt, M. C, promoted captain, 86 ; killed at Snicker's Ferry, 85. See also, 44, 50, 72, 288, 322, 334. Preston, Thomas, Sulphur Springs, 127. See also, 330, 349. Pulaski, Fort, 53. Rand, A. A., attached to Gen. Saxton's staff, 256 ; put in command of 4th Mass. cav- alry, 267. See also, 50, 268, 280, 321, .334. Rapidan Station, skirmish at, 123, 124, 172- 177, 406. Rappahaimock Station, 111, 182, 466. Read, C. A., Culpeper, 171. See also, 339. Read, Brig.-Gen. Theodore, High Bridge, 270-277. INDEX. 489 Readville, camp at, 41, 46. Reams Station, 228, 231, 235, 237, 248, 302, 467. Rhett, Lieut., Brandy Station, 136. Rice, A. R., 63, 287, 320. Rice, C E., made captain in the 2d Mass. cavalry, 92. See also, 45, 49, 324, 335. Richmond, Sheridan's march to, 21, 205-216; losses during', 32, 211. Richmond, Lucius, 45, 49, 269, 323, 335. Ridley, S. P., wounded at Barber's Ford, 267. See also, 431. Roanoke River, 237. Robertson, Gen., regiments, how armed, 9 ; Brandy Station, 134 ; Kelly's Ford, 140 ; Aldie, 153, 154, 160. Rogers, Capt. 1st Rhode Island cavalry, Rapidan Station, 176. Rosser, Gen. T. L., reinforces Early, 27 ; '* Woodstock Races,' ' 27 ; takes command of Early's cavalry, 28 ; Aldie, 145, 154- 1.56 ; High Bridge, 271, 272, 278, 280. Roster of 1st Mass. cavalry, Sept., 1861, 44, 45 ; Dec, 1861, 49, 50 ; March, 1863, 114. See also, 311-338. Russell, Gen. D. A., killed at Winchester, 25 ; Brandy Station, 132, 134, 140; Rappahan- nock Station, 182. Russell, E. J., goes to Massachusetts on re- cruiting duty, 170 ; mustered out, 242. See also, 235, 327, 333. Sailor's Creek, 251, 271, 272. St. James College, 81, 83, 84, 86, 164. St. Mary's Church, 221, 225, 227, 301, 467. Sanborn, G. W., Ground Squirrel Church, 210. See also, 349. Sandarson, 261, 468. Sarden's Corner, 67. Sargent, A. M., captured at High Bridge, 277. See also, 428. Sargent, H. B., appointed lieut.-col., 42 ; charges preferred against, 46 ; goes to New York, 51 ; takes command at Edisto Island, 58; succeeded by Major Higgin- son, 58 ; at Annapolis, 59 ; on the sick- list, 63, 71 ; Cumberland march, 82 ; joins Porter's corps, 84 ; Snicker's Ferry, 85 ; recommended for promotion, 85 ; promoted colonel, 86 ; joins the regiment, 91 ; letter to Col. Ritchie, 109 ; to Gov. Andrew, 109 ; goes to Washington on a court martial, 111 ; commands the brigade, 118 ; resumes command of the regiment, 107; Rapidan Station, 172-174; report, 175, 176; joins Gen. Banks, 179 ; wounded at Bayou Rapids, 180 ; brevetted brig.-gen., 180 ; discharged, 180. See also, 50, 72, 85, 90, 114, 122, 286, 289, 317, 466. Sargent, L. M., Jr., report of, 65, 66 ; recon- noissance towards Martinsburg, 81 ; Aldie, 144-148, 152, 153 ; Rapidan Station, 175, 176 ; in eo-mmand, 179 ; does recruiting duty in Boston, 196 ; Ashland Station, 206, 207 ; promoted lieut.-col., 240 ; killed, 246 ; funeral, 247. See also, 49, 72, 85, 114, 200, 227, 236, 241, 288, 298, 318, 335, 466, 467. SecessionviUe, 62, 64, 468. Second Massachusetts cavalry, successful charge near Winchester, 23 ; many of its officers from 1st Mass. cavalry, 88, 89. Second New York cavalry, Aldie, 150, 152, 1.53. Second South Carolina cavalry, Brandy Sta- tion, 129, 130, 132, 135. Seymour, Brig.-Gen. T. A., Florida expedi- tion, 260-264. Sharpsburg, 14, 76, 78, 79, 81. Shepherdstown, 15, 80, 165, 466. Sheridan, Gen. P. H., takes command of the cavalry of Army of the Potomac, 20, 202 ; Trevilian's Station raid, 22, 220-227; Val- ley campaign, 22, 232 ; Winchester, 2.3-27 ; advances to Petersburg, 29 ; brilliant com- mander, 37, 38 ; compared with McClel- lan, 38 ; Richmond raid, 21, 205-216. See also, 271, 272, 278. Sherman, A. A., account of Stevensburg, 132- 133. See also, 151, .389. Simonds, J. F. , deserted, 258. See also, 421. Sixteenth Pennsylvania cavalry, Hartwood Church, 112. Sixth Michigan cavalry, heavy loss at Tre- vilian's Station, 223. Sixth New York battery, particularly friendly with the 1st Mass. cavalry, 82. Sixth Ohio cavalry, Aldie, 148, 153, 156; Todd's Tavern, 205. See also, 299. Sixth Virginia cavalry, Rapidan Station, 177. Smith, Col. C. H., Aldie, 158. Smith, " Extra Billy," 188, 191. Smith, W. F., Ashland Station, 207. See also, 241, 328. Snicker's Ferry, 85, 302, 466. Snicker's Gap, 85, 153, 160, 165. South Mountain, 73-75, 301, 466. Spencer rifle, first successful use of, 8.3. Spottsylvania C. H., 183, 203, 204, 214, 216. Springfield Horseguards, 41. Stanhope, Maj., 6th Ohio cavalry, Aldie, 148, 1.57. Stedman, Lieut.-Col. William, Aldie, 156 ; Rapidan Station, 175, 176. Stevens, A. H., Jr., promoted major, 69; left in command in South Carolina, 69, 2.55 ; letter to Adj.-Gen. Schouler, 256- 258 ; report, 266, 267 ; provost-marshal, 209 ; raises the first National flag at Rich- mond, 474. See also, 49, 65, 66, 282, 318, 334. Stevens, Gen. Isaac, at Hilton Head, 59, 62, 64-67 ; killed at Chantilly, 64. 490 INDEX. Stevens, J. T., .309, 408. Stevensburg, 128-141, 466. Stoneman, Gen. Geo., failure in commanding cavalry, IT ; refuses to furnish arms, ')\) ; put in command, 110; inspects 1st Mass. cavalry. 111, 115; raid, 17, 119-121. "Stoneman's Switch," 95. Stony Creek Station, expedition to, 244, 245, 467. Strang^, C. D., 309,348. Strang, Gabriel, 309, 428. Strang, J. A., 309, 348. Strange, Jesse, 309, 432. Stuart, Gen. J. E. B., originates the raid, 13 ; rides around McClellan's army, 16, 17, 19 ; constant raids by, 18 ; Brandy Station, 18, 128-141 ; separated from Lee, 19, 161 ; Culpeper, 19; various encounters with Union forces near Richmond, 21, 206-212 ; great ability as a cavalry commander, 21, 36; Hartwood Church, 104, 105; Aldie, 150, 153-158 ; Rapidan Station, 172, 177 ; Auburn, 180 ; Bristoe Station, 180 ; mortal- ly wounded at Yellow Tavern, 21, 208, 212. Sulphur Springs, 125-127, 167, 178, 302, 460. Teague, G. H., promoted 2d lieutenant, 112 ; anecdote of a pair of shoes, 159 ; goes to Mass. on recruiting duty, 170. See also, 114,200,242, 246,319,334. Tebbs, Capt. W. W., Aldie, 156. Tenallytown, 71, 72, 163. Tewksbury, J. L., promoted captain, 80 ; Brandy Station, 129, 130, 132; Aldie, 147, 148, 151, 477 ; on recruiting duty, 170 ; succeeds to the command. 247 ; report, 248. See also, .50, 114, 162, 235, 318. Thayer, J. G., promoted captain, 86 ; on sick leave, 112 ; resigned, 112. See also, 45, 72, 257, .322, 336. Third New Jersey cavalry, captures South Carolina infantry before Winchester, 23. Tliompson, , High Bridge, 277. Three Mile Run, Fla., 260, 264. Three Mile Run, Va., 202, 203. Todd's Tavern, 203-205, 301, 466. Tom Taylor, 290. Torbert, Gen. A. T. A., forces Fitzhugh Lee to retreat at Winchester, 25 ; Cedar Creek, 29; Trevilian's Station, 225. See also, 27. Trevilian's Station raid, 22, 220-227, 229, .302, 467. Tucker, J. H., 309, 411. Upperv'ille, battle of, 18, 148, 152, 154, 301, 308, 460. Valley campaign, 22, 232. Vaughan Road, 249, 250, 301, 467. Walsh, R. R., one of the four youngest sol- diers in the regiment, 309, 339. Waltham Dragoons, 41. Walton, William, Aldie, 1.54-156. Wardell, W. W., kiUed at Hawes Shop, 218. See also, 122, 199, 327, 330, 331, 333, 357. Warner, H. H., 103, 114, 287, 320. Warrenton, 101, 107, 119, 183, 188, 191, 195- 197, 202, 285. Washburn, Francis, on Col. Williams's staff, 62 ; joins 2d Mass. cavalry, 89 ; lieut.-col. 4th Mass. cavalry, 268 ; High Bridge, 270- 278; Gov. Bullock's tribute to, 279-281. See also, 50, 282, 325. Watts, Lieut.-Col. J. W., Aldie, 156. Waynesborough, 87. Webster, M. F., Barber's Ford, 261, 267 ; commands 2d battalion, 269. See also, 44, .50, 323, 333. Weld, H. N., major in 5th Mass. cavalry, 200. See also, 44, 50, 72, 85, 322, 333. Welford's Ford, 167, 168. Westbrook House, 244. Wharton, Gen., Winchester, 22, 24-27. See also, 232. Whitcomb, R. H., third bandmaster, 243, 463. White, Capt. George D., Aldie, 155. White, W. F., takes command at Camp Brig- ham, 41 ; goes to New York with 2d and 3d battalions, 51 ; commands the 3d bat- talion, 61. See also, 49, 318. White Eye, 287, 288. White House, 221, 224. Wickliam, Col. W. C, Brandy Station, 129, 13.5-138 ; Aldie, 154, 1.55. See also, 206. Wilderness, 19, 21, 183, 203, 214, 302. Williams, Robert, chosen colonel of 1st Mass. cavalry, 41 ; letter to Gov. Andrew, 42 ; subdues the mutiny, 43 ; letter to Lieut.- Col. Ritchie, 43 ; criticisms of his officers, 45 ; charges preferred against, 46 ; more strict in discipline, 48 ; goes to New York with part of the regiment, 51 ; gets the order to disband countermanded, 52 ; repu- tation for discipline, 60, 284 ; advance on Charleston, ()2 ; goes to Virginia, 69, 72 ; marches into Maryland, 70 ; unfortunate absence, 71 ; intended by McClellan for cavalry commander, 73 ; obtains permis- sion to buy horses, 84 ; resigns, Oct., 18()2, 8(J ; letter to Harrison Ritchie, 309. See also, 85, 255, 286, 289, 317, 466, Williamsport, 81, 301. Wilson, E. S., 242, 323. Wilson, Gen. J. H., Todd's Tavern, 204; raid, 22, 227-229. Winchester, 22-27, 81, 15,3, 240. Wood, Albert, 240, 241, 287, 320, 463. " WoocLstoek Races," 27, 28. Wright, Gen. H. G., 62, 64, 232. Wyndham, Percy, 139, 462. YeUow Tavern, 21, 208, 212. W1 0^ RO i I