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FUL.L. ANNALS 
 
 REVOIilTTIOX IN FRAXCE, 
 
 1830. 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED, 
 
 A FULL ACCOUNT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CELEBRATION OF SAID REVOLUTION 
 
 IN THE 
 
 CITY OF NEW- YORK, 
 
 ON THE 25th NOVEMBER, 1830: 
 
 BEING THE FORTY-SEVENTH ANNIVERSARY OF AN EVENT THAT RESTORED 
 
 OUR CITIZENS TO THEIR HOMES, AND TO THE ENJOYMENT 
 
 OF THEIR RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES. 
 
 BY MYER MOSES* 
 
 NEW-YORK: 
 
 PRINTED BY /. ^ J. HARPERy 82 CLIFF-STREET. 
 
 SOLD BY COLLINS AND HANNAY, COLLINS AND CO., G. AND 0. AND H. CARVILL, O.A. 
 ROORBACH, WHITE, GALLAHER, AND WHITE, A. T. GOODRICH, W. B. GILLKY, E. 
 BLISS ; — PHILA.DKLPHIA, CAREY AND LEA, J. GRIGG, U. HUNT, TOWAR AND HOCAN, 
 M'CARTY and DAVIS, E. L. CAREY AND A. HA.RT, J. CRISSBY, AND T. DKilLVER, JR.," 
 — PTTTSBURO, HOGAS AND GO, 
 
 1830. 
 
f)t%^yi 
 
 t H' / ^ 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 OF CONGRESS 
 
 WASHINQTOX 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 The details in the ensuing sheets are derived, first, from 
 articles in the Journals, usually called news, from corres- 
 pondence with their editors, and from private letters 
 communicated to them ; and, secondly, from unpublished 
 letters and personal interviews with residents in Paris. 
 Of course the authorities for both were eye-witnesses of 
 the events. 
 
 To discover the truth of the facts thus obtained was 
 the first object ; the next was to place each fact under the 
 day to w^hich it belongs : both these objects have beem 
 accomplished, as far as they could be, under the circum- 
 stances. 
 
 These statements, day by day, presuming nothing ma- 
 terial has been omitted, are full Annals of the French 
 Revolution in 1830 ; from the issuing of the arbitrary or- 
 dinances of Charles X. to his abdication and flight, and 
 the enthronement of the Duke of Orleans, under the 
 name and title of Louis Philippe I., King of the French. 
 
 Several narratives of the battles of the brave people 
 of Paris with the late king's army are introduced entire. 
 One, by M. Leonard Gallois, has been purposely trans- 
 lafed for this work. Another is an original Letter from 
 an English gentleman, who, unable to speak French, went 
 to Paris for a week's pleasure, and saw half of the Revo- 
 lution without knowing that it was a Revolution, 
 
 The principal documents of importance are inserted 
 entire; particularly the ordinances of Charles X. — the 
 protests against them-^-the Declaration of Rights pre- 
 sented by the Chamber of Deputies to the Duke of Or- 
 leans, as the conditions on which he was declared King 
 of the French — the principal addresses, proclamations, 
 
4 ADVERTISEMENT, 
 
 and orders of the day, of the Provisional Government — 
 speeches in the ChambersT-ordinances of Louis Philippe 
 I., &c. It has also been thought proper to insert the 
 Declaration of Rights of the old National Assembly, as 
 being the basis of the French Constitution of 1830, and 
 the grand manifesto of French Principles. Added to 
 these, and illustrative of proceedings in Paris, are the 
 Marseillois Hymn — a popular Song by Mr. Roscoe, on 
 the breaking out of the Revolution in 1789 — a poetical 
 Address to France, by the late Mr. Edward Rushton, of 
 Liverpool— and another poem or two. 
 
 It will scarcely be expected that any one but a person 
 locally acquainted with Paris, and a witness of the san- 
 guinary engagements, could describe the different con- 
 flicts or the capture of the palaces and pubhc buildings 
 with entire clearness. The materials have been abun- 
 dant, but very confused ; some of the statements were 
 contradictory, and others upon examination proved un- 
 true. So far as truth could be ascertained, it has been 
 adhered to as a governing rule in compiling from such a 
 multifarious mass— the chief endeavour has been to give 
 the greatest number of authentic and interesting facts 
 that could be collected. 
 
 W. Hone. 
 
FULL ANNALS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 REVOLUTION IN FRANCJE, 
 
 1830. 
 
 There have been frequent anticipations of a sudden termi- 
 nation to the power of Charles X. One, so long ago as 1 827, 
 in Rambling Notes on a Visit to Paris, by Sir A, B, Faulkner^ 
 when Peyronnet was trying experiments for shackling the 
 press^ is remarkably prophetical. This gentleman then^aid; — 
 
 " The present project of M. Peyronnet, to restrain the li- 
 berty of the press, has lent no small force to the jealousy of 
 the present Government, and, considering the awful experi- 
 ence they had in former times, seems a most unaccountable 
 temerity. If it were merely one or two acts of an arbitrary 
 nature they were trying to carry, they might be overlooked, or 
 at least have the benefit of some equivocal interpretation ; but 
 when a number of convergent measures are attempted at the 
 same time, the tendency of which is alike hostile to the spirit of 
 the Charter and the wishes of the people, surely little farther proof 
 is necessary to convince them of the animus that presides in the 
 councils of the nation. But, after all, it is only themselves the 
 people have to thank for the wfiole. They committed a sad 
 oversight at the restoration. Before they allowed Louis 
 XVIII. to put one of his gouty feet on the beach at Calais they 
 should have presented him, as we did in a similar conjuncture, 
 with a bill of right, as a positive and peremptory condition of 
 his being accepted for their Sovereign.. 
 
 " From all I hear, I argue nothing but mischief, should M. 
 Peyronnet's project for trammelling the press be suffered to 
 pass. If public opinion has not vent through this channel, it 
 must sooner or later find another, and one probably the Go- 
 vernment may like as little. True it is, that, before the revo- 
 lution, the nation long and patiently endured the agonies of 
 suppressed opinion ; but let us bear in mind how long they had 
 been strangers to any thing like freedom. The experiment of 
 
 B 
 
ANNALS OF THE 
 
 open, manful remonstrance, would have been a fearful venture, 
 while a lettre de cachet hung over their heads, and they were 
 ignorant or distrustful of their strength. The insane abettors 
 of this Bill appear to have forgotten that they live in the nine- 
 teenth not the sixteenth century : the benefit of all history is 
 throtvn away upon them. It is thrown away upon them that 
 England has experimentally proved that the liberty of the press 
 is the best bulwark of our religion and Constitution, by en- 
 lightening men to appreciate the value of both. It is lost upon 
 them, too, that there is no possible mode qf getting at an ac- 
 quaintance with the true interest qf the governed^ but through 
 the free publication of opinion; or, if they do know these 
 things, they force us into the conclusion that the object is in 
 reality not the suppression of the licentiousness of the press, 
 as they would have it believed, but a step towards the restora- 
 tion of absolute Government. A Frenchman asked me, to- 
 day, why there should not be a check upon aristocratic licen- 
 tiousness as well as popular licentiousness. * Human nature 
 being the same in both, is there,' said he, ' any good reason 
 why there should not be a mutual guarantee for the good be- 
 haviour of both ? The history of your own country is a preg- 
 nant proof of the attachment which a free press begets for a 
 free Constitution, which you know, spite of the most frightful 
 commotions and rudest shocks, alwa)^s righted again mainly, if 
 not solely, through its instrumentality.' So fully do I coincide 
 with this view of the subject, that I am convinced, if her na- 
 vigators do not look sharps the French vessel of State will soon 
 be on her beam endsr. It is said, au pis aller^ if the Minister 
 cannot manage to carry his project by any other means, fair or 
 foul, he has advised the king to create sixty new Peers. Bet- 
 ter — or I am far astray in ray French Politics — better, Charles 
 X., you had never left your pension in Holy rood House. 
 
 '' The common opinion about the Press Restriction Bill is, 
 that it must eventually pass into law. It will behoove its authors 
 and abettors to be aware. The steam of public opinion is at 
 present under high pressure, and it is doubtful whether it will 
 bear much increase. 
 
 " The King is never mentioned but in connexion with an 
 incubus of Jesuits, by whom, they say, he is perpetually and 
 most unmercifully bestrode. There certainly appears to be 
 no occasion that their bitterest enemy should desire the Royal 
 Family any greater humiliation than they at present may be 
 supposed to endure from the state of popular feeling. Never, 
 perhaps, did Royalty repose on any thing more the reverse of 
 
KEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 7 
 
 a bed of roses. If hearsay and appearances may be trusted, 
 they live literally as exiles among their own people, without 
 one soul that 1 could discover to sympathize with this most 
 unnatural sequestration. In such circumstances, to render 
 misery complete, I can conceive nothing wanting except that, 
 while not receiving sympathy, we should be conscious of not 
 deserving it." 
 
 What a picture ! — Charles X. and the Polignac Administra- 
 tion, in 1830, realized the anticipations of a common-sense 
 English gentleman in 1827. 
 
 Before detailing the events of the revolution in France, in 
 1830, it is necessary to state a few previous circumstances. 
 
 In March, 1814, the allied armies invested Paris, and Louis 
 XVIII. then prepared to leave England, in order to occupy the 
 throne of France. The count d'Artois (afterward Charles 
 X.) left Switzerland on the 19th of March, entered Vesoul on 
 the 22d, and, on setting his foot on the French territories, 
 exclaimed, *^At length I see my native country again — that 
 country which my ancestors governed in mildness /—I will 
 never quit it again !" 
 
 In that little speech he made a capital mistake ; his ances- 
 tors had not governed France "in mildness." His persevering 
 in that mistake, by endeavouring to govern like them, by ordi- 
 nances, occasioned another mistake ; he has quitted France 
 again. 
 
 Charles X. broke the charter. A few sentences will show 
 the origin of that charter. 
 
 On the 30th of March, Paris was surrounded by the cannOn 
 and armies of the allied sovereigns. They desired to enter 
 the capital without difficulty, and prince Schwartzenberg, as 
 their representative, issued a proclamation to the inhabitants of 
 Paris, stating that the allied armies were before the city, with 
 the hope of a sincere and lasting reconciliation with France ; 
 and that the allied sovereigns *' sought in good faith a salutary 
 authority in France," and looked to the city of Paris ^' to ac- 
 celerate the peace of the world." 
 
 On the same day, the emperor of Russia, by a declaration 
 on behalf of himself and the other allied sovereigns, *' invited 
 the senate to .name immediately a provisional srovernment able 
 to provide for the wants of the administration," and prepare a 
 constitution suitable to the French people. 
 
 On the 31st of March, the senate decreed that the pro- 
 visional government should consist of five members, and pro- 
 ceeded to nominate them, viz. M. Talleyrand, Prince of Bene- 
 
3 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 vento, Vice Grand Elector ; Count du BonnonveOe, Senator,' 
 Count de Jancour, Senator: Duke d'Auberg, Counsellor of 
 State ; M. de Montesquieu, ancient member of the Constitu- 
 tional Assembly. 
 
 In a second sitting the senate declared that the Dynasty of 
 Napoleon was at an end, that the French were absolved from 
 their oath of allegiance to him, and that the senate and legis- 
 lative bodies should form fundamental parts of the new con« 
 stitution. In consequence of that declaration the emperor 
 Alexander declared, ^^ I leave the choice of the monarch and 
 government entirely to the French people.'* 
 
 On the 3d of April the senate entered on its register that 
 " a constitutional monarchy is, in virtue of the constitution, a 
 social compact ;" and that, as Napoleon had violated his legal 
 powers, he had forfeited the throne and the hereditary right 
 established in his family. One of their principal allegations 
 against Napoleon was " that the liberty of the press, esta- 
 blished and consecrated as one of the rights of the nation, had 
 been constantly subjected to the arbitrary control of his Po- 
 lice ; and that at the same time he had always made use of 
 the press to fill France with misrepresentations, false maxims,, 
 and doctrines favourable to despotism." 
 
 On the 6th of April, the conservative senate decreed the 
 form of a constitution, by which constitution Louis XVIII. 
 was called to the throne of France, and which constitution 
 contains this remarkable article : — " 23. The liberty of the 
 press is entire, with the exception of the legal repression of 
 offences which may result from the abuse of that liberty." 
 
 On the 14th of April, the senate decreed as follows : — "The 
 senate offers the provisional government of France to his royal 
 highness Monseigneur Count d'Artois, under the title of Lieu- 
 tenant-General of the kingdom, until Louis Stanislaus Xavier 
 of France, called to the throne of the French, has accepted 
 the Constitutional Charter." The Count d'Artois replied,. 
 *^ Gentlemen, I have taken cognizance of ihe Constitutional 
 Charter, which recalls to the throne of France my august 
 brother. I have not received from him the power to accept 
 the Constitution, but I know bis sentiments and principles, and 
 I do not fear being disavowed when I assure you in his name 
 he will admit the basis of it." 
 
 The French determined not to send over the Constitution 
 to be presented to Louis XVIII. for his acceptance in this 
 country, lest from his being resident at the court of one of the 
 allied sovereigns it might be supposed he had accepted it under 
 
REVOLUTION IN FINANCE, 1830. 9 
 
 influence. This, they expressly declared, " they considered as 
 due to his honour, as well as to their own independence — be* 
 cause they tendered him the crown upon conditions." 
 
 Louis XVIII. landed at Calais. By not obtaining his ac- 
 ceptance of their Constitution before they permitted him to 
 set his foot on the soil of France, the French committed a 
 great blunder. 
 
 When Louis XVIII. reached St. Ouen, he published a de- 
 claration, on the 2d of May, setting forth that he had atten- 
 tively read the ^yplan of the Constitution proposed by the 
 Senate/' but that a great many articles bore the appearance 
 of precipitation. 
 
 In this dechwation, and in the King's position, there was 
 enough to alarm the vigilant. Under the protection of foreign 
 bayonets, he reserved to himself the power of rejecting what- 
 ever he disliked. 
 
 Louis XVIII. found himself constituted king of France, in 
 the palace of the Tuileries, and was in no hurry to settle the 
 affair of the Constitution ; but the people clamoured against the 
 delay, and at length he issued a manitesto, which contains the 
 following sentence — that ''Resolved to adopt a liberal Consti- 
 tution, willing that it be wisely combined, and not being able 
 to accept one that it is indispensable to rectify, we call to- 
 gether, on the 10th of June, the Senate and the Legislative 
 body — we engage to place under their eyes the pains which 
 we have taken with a commission chosen out of these two 
 bodies, and to give for the basis of that constitution the fol- 
 lowing guarantees." 
 
 On the 10th of June, the Senate and the Legislative body 
 met, and the people were swindled. By the Constitution they 
 proposed to Louis XVI IL he had ascended the throne,— ^as 
 soon as he found himself upon it, he threw away the ladder. 
 
 By the Constitution, Louis XVIII. would have acknow- 
 ledged himself called to the throne by the choice of the French 
 people. Instead of this, he gave them what he called a Char- 
 ter, beginning — '^ Louis, by the Grace of God^ King, &c. — 
 Whereas Divine Promdence in calling us, &c. — ^A Constitu- 
 tional Charter was solicited — and we have, in the free exercise 
 of our royal authority, agreed and consented to make conces- 
 sions, and grant to our subjects, &c." In short. Divine right 
 was all in all, and over all. The King would not accept a 
 Constitution ; for that would have implied acknowledgment 
 of power to propose it for acceptance. Instead of it, ''in free 
 
 B2 
 
to ANNALS OF THE 
 
 exercise of his royal authority," he badged the people as bis 
 hereditary property — he gave them a Charter. 
 
 The people gradually became reconcile*!, and Louis XVllI. 
 maintained his position on the throne with considerable firm- 
 ness. On any miriisteriar attempt at encroachment they re- 
 ferred to the Charter, which? though originating in a despotic 
 principle, was a benefit. 
 
 Louis XVIir., on his death-bed, used to his successor 
 Charles X. these memorable words, '^ Govern legally." 
 
 On Charles X. good advice was lost. In the hands of a 
 host of priests and Jesuits he thought himself religious — he 
 was only superstitious. In his conduct towards the people he 
 seemed without a moral sense. The rights of kings and the 
 *' mild" rule of his ancestors were ever before him. His hal- 
 lucination was without intervals. Nothing was to be yielded 
 to the people ; for nothing belonged to them — not even the 
 Charter. To strengthen himself in the Chamber of Peers, he 
 increased it by creations. To weaken the people he invaded 
 the elective franchise, and shackled the press. 
 
 In 1830, the Chamber of Deputies resisted the arbitrary 
 measures of the ministers, and Charles X. dissolved the sittings 
 of the Chambers. At a new election, the electors generally 
 returned the old liberal Deputies, and some electors, who had 
 sent ministerial Deputies before, now returned Deputies whom 
 they could depend on for the protection of rights under the 
 Charter, which had been threatened with violation. The King 
 had frequently changed his ministers; he had now an adminis- 
 tration to his liking and fitted for his purposes. 
 
 Prince Polignac, a natural son of Charles X., and Pey- 
 ronnet, a man as depraved in private as he is unprincipled in 
 public life, were the leaders of the administration devoted to 
 the king's designs. Every man in France knew it was impos- 
 sible that the government could go on unless the king would 
 '^ govern legally." He resolved, with the aid of his ministers, 
 to govern as he would. A few days before he signed the ordi- 
 nances of the 25th of July, it was whispered that the court had 
 determined to strike a bjow, by licensing only what Journals 
 it pleased, and putting the rest under a censorship — by opening 
 the Chambers with a selection only, from the newly elected 
 Deputies, in the Chamber of Deputies — and by disfranchising 
 a majority of the very small number of persons qualified, under 
 the Charter, to be elected : this it was said would be efiected 
 by a stroke of the pen. The rumour died away under the 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 11 
 
 assurances of Polignac that no such measures were contem- 
 plated. 
 
 At this time Mr. Vesey Fitzgerald was in Paris, and had in- 
 timation of what Charles X. and his ministers intended, from 
 unquestionable authority. He went to Prince Polignac, and 
 by strong representations and earnest entreaties endeavoured 
 to dissuade him from his headstrong purposes. Polignac was 
 inflexible. Mr. Fitzgerald then addressed himself to two or 
 three private friends and political coadjutors of the minister ; 
 they concurred in Mr. Fitzgerald's views, and hastened in 
 alarm to Polignac, but found him confident of success and 
 deaf to argument. In the dead of night, within a few hours 
 of the signing of the ordinances, one of the ministers who 
 afterward signed them, was unable to rest from anxiety and 
 incertitude as to the event ; he arose and disturbed Polignac, 
 for the purpose of persuading him to abandon the design : — 
 the minister was determined to persist, and, from a feeling of 
 honour, his baffled visiter shared the danger of the desperate 
 deed. 
 
 SUNDAY, JULY ?5th, 1830. 
 
 Prince Polignac and his colleagues drew up and signed a 
 Report on behalf of " legitimate power," addressed to the 
 King. This formed the groundwork of three memorable 
 ordinances which were signed to-day by Charles X., and 
 countersigned by his ministers. Copies of these documents, 
 so important in their results, are subjoined. 
 
 REPORT OF THE MINISTERS TO THE KING. 
 
 "Sire, 
 
 *^ Your ministers would be little worthy of the confidence 
 with which your Majesty honours them, if they longer delayed 
 to place before your eyes a view of our internal situation, and 
 to point out to your high wisdom the dangers of the periodical 
 press. 
 
 '* At no time for these fifteen years has this situation pre- 
 sented itself under a more serious and more afflicting aspect. 
 Notwithstanding an actual prosperity of which our annals 
 afford, no example, signs of disorganization and symptoms of 
 
12 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 anarchy manifest themselves at almost every point of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 *^ The successive causes which have concurred to weaken 
 the springs of the monarchical government tend now to impair 
 and to change the nature of it. Stripped of its moral force, 
 authority, lost in the capital and the provinces, no longer con- 
 tends, but at a disadvantage, with the factious. Pernicious 
 and subversive doctrines, loudly professed, are spread and pro- 
 pagated among all classes of the population. Alarms, too 
 generally credited, agitate people's minds, and trouble society. 
 On all sides the present is called upon for pledges of security 
 for the future. 
 
 " An active, ardent, indefatigable malevolence labours to 
 ruin all the foundations of order, and to snatch from France 
 the happiness it enjoys under the sceptre of its Kings. Skil- 
 ful in turning to advantage all discontents, and exciting all 
 hatreds, it foments among the people a spirit of distrust and 
 hostility towards power, and endeavours to sow every where 
 the seeds of trouble and civil war ; and already, Sire, recent 
 events have proved that political passions, hitherto confined 
 to the summits of society, begin to penetrate the depths of it, 
 and to stir up the popular classes. It is proved also that 
 these masses would never move without danger, even to those 
 who endeavoured to rouse them from repose. 
 
 " A multitude of facts, collected in the course of the elec- 
 toral operations, confirm these data, and would offer us the 
 too certain presage of new commotions, if it were not in the 
 power of your majesty to avert the misfortune. 
 
 '' Every where also, if we observe with attention, there ex- 
 ists a necessity of order, of strength, and of duration ; and 
 the agitations which appear to be the most contrary to it are 
 in reality only the expression and the testimony of it. 
 
 " It must be acknowledged these agitations, which cannot 
 be increased without great dangers, are almost exclusively 
 produced and excited by the liberty of the press. A law on 
 the elections, no less fruitful of disorders, has doubtless con- 
 curred in maintaining them ; but it would be denying what is 
 evident, to refuse seeing in the journals the principal .focus of 
 a corruption the progress of which is every day more sensible, 
 and the first source of the calamities which threaten the 
 kingdom. 
 
 " Experience, Sire, speaks more loudly than theories. Men 
 who are doubtless enlightened, and whose good faith is not 
 suspected, led away by the ill-understood example of a neigh- 
 
BEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. IS 
 
 bouring people, may have believed that the advantages of the 
 periodical press would balance its inconveniences, and that its 
 excesses would be neutralized by contrary excesses. It is not 
 so : the proof is decisive, and the question is now judged in the 
 public mind. 
 
 " At all times, in fact, the periodical press has been, and it 
 is in its nature to be, only an instrument of disorder and se- 
 dition. 
 
 ^^ What numerous and irrefragable proofs might be brought 
 in support of this truth ! It is by the violent and incessant 
 action of the press that the too sudden and too frequent va- 
 riations of our internal policy are to be explained. It has not 
 permitted a regular and stable system of government to be 
 established in France, nor any constant attention to be devoted 
 to introduce into all the branches of the administration the 
 ameliorations of which they are susceptible. All the minis- 
 tries since 1014, though formed under divers influences, and 
 subject to opposite directions, have been exposed to the 
 same attacks and to the same license of the passions. Sacri- 
 fices of every kind, concessions of power, alliances of party, 
 nothing has been able to save them from this common destiny. 
 
 *' This comparison alone, so fertile in reflections, would 
 suffice to assign to the press its true, its invariable character. 
 It endeavours, by constant, persevering, daily-repeated efforts, 
 to relax all the bonds of obedience and subordination, to 
 weaken all the springs of public authority, to degrade and de- 
 base it in the opinion of the people, to create against it every 
 "Vi'her^ embarrassment and resistance. 
 
 ** Its art consists not in substituting for a too easy submis- 
 sion of mind a prudent liberty of examination, but in reducing 
 to a problem the most positive truths ; not in exciting upon 
 political questions frank and useful controversy, but in placing 
 them in a false light, and solving them by sophisms. 
 
 *' The press has thus excited confusion in the most upright 
 minds, — has shaken the most firm convictiofis, and produced, 
 in the midst of society, a confusion of principles which lends 
 itself to the most fatal attempts. J t is by anarchy in doctrines 
 that it paves the way for anarchy in the state, it is worthy of 
 remark, Sire, that the periodical press has not even fulfilled its 
 most essential condition, — that of publicity. What is strange, 
 but what may be said with truth, is, that there is no publicity 
 in France, taking this word in its just and strict sense. In 
 this state of things, facts, when they are not entirely fictitious, 
 do not come to the knowledge of several millions of readers, 
 
14 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 except mutilated and disfigured in the most odious manner. 
 A thick cloud, raised by the journals, conceals the truth, and 
 in some manner intercepts the light between the government 
 and the people. The kings, your predecessors, Sire, always 
 loved to communicate with their subjects : this is a satisfaction 
 which the press has not thought iit that your majesty should 
 enjoy. 
 
 ^' A licentiousness which has passed all bounds has, in fact, 
 not respected, even on the most solemn occasions, either the 
 express will of the King or the words pronounced from the 
 throne. Some have been misunderstood and misinterpreted ; 
 the others have been the subject of perfidious commentaries, 
 or of bitter derision. It is thus that the last act of the royal 
 power — the proclamation— was discredited by the public even 
 before it was known by the electors. 
 
 '' This is not all. The press tends to no less than to subju- 
 gate the sovereignty, and to invade the powers of the state. 
 The pretended organ of public opinion, it aspires to direct the 
 debates of the two Chambers ; it is incontestable that it brings 
 into them the weight of an influence no less fatal than deci- 
 sive. This domination has assumed, especially within these 
 two or three years, in the Chamber of Deputies, a manifest 
 character of oppression and tyranny. We have seen in this 
 interval of time the journals pursue with their insults and their 
 outrages the members whose votes appeared to them uncertain 
 or suspected. Too often, Sire, the freedom of debate i^ that 
 Chamber has sunk under the reiterated blows of the press. 
 
 " The conduct of the opposition journals in the most recent 
 circumstances cannot be characterized in terms less severe. 
 After having themselves called forth an address derogatory 
 to the prerogatives of the Throne, they have not feared to re- 
 establish as a principle the election of the 221 Deputies whose 
 work it is ; and yet your Majesty repulsed the address as 
 offensive ; you had publicly planned the refusal of concur- 
 rence which was expressed in it ; you had announced your 
 immutable resolution to defend the rights of your crown, which 
 were so openly compromised. The periodical journals hare 
 paid no regard to this : on the contrary, they have taken it 
 upon them to renew, to perpetuate, and to aggravate the of' 
 fence. Your Majesty will decide whether this presumptuous 
 attack shall remain longer unpunished. 
 
 " But of all the excesses of the press, the most serious per- 
 haps remains to be pointed out. From the very beginning of 
 that expedition, the glory of which throws so pure and so 
 
EEVOLTJTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 15 
 
 durable a splendour on the noble crown of France, the press 
 has criticised with unheard-of violence the causes, the means, 
 the preparations, the chances of success. Insensible to the 
 national honour, it was not its fault if our flag did not remain 
 degraded by the insults of a barbarian. Indifferent to the 
 great interests of humanity, it has not been its fault if Europe 
 has not remained subject to a cruel slavery and a shameful 
 tribute. 
 
 '' This was not enough. By a treachery which our laws 
 might have reached, the press has eagerly pubHshed all the 
 secrets of the armament ; brought to the knowledge of foreign- 
 ers the state of our forces, the number of our troops, and that 
 of our ships ; they pointed out their stations, the means to be 
 employed to surmount the variableness of the winds, and to 
 approach the coast. Ev^ry thing, even the place of landing, 
 was divulged, as if to give the enemy more certain means of 
 defence; and, a thing unheard-of among civilized people, the 
 press has not hesitated, by-false alarms on the dangers to be 
 incurred, to cause discouragement in the army, and, pointing 
 out to its hatred the commander of the enterprise, it has, as it 
 were, excited the soldiers to raise against him the standard of 
 revolt, or to desert their colours. This is what the organs of 
 a party which pretends to be national have dared to do. 
 
 " What it dares to do every day in the interior of the king- 
 dom tends to no less than to disperse the elements of public 
 peace, to dissolve the bands of society, and evidently to make 
 the ground tremble under our feet. Let us not fear to dis- 
 close here the whole extent of our evils, in order the better to 
 appreciate the whole extent of our resources. A system of 
 defamation, organized on a great scale, and directed with un- 
 equalled perseverance, reaches, either near at hand or at a 
 distance, the most humble of the agents of the government. 
 None of your subjects. Sire, is secure from an insult, if he re- 
 ceives from his sovereign the least mark of confidence or sa- 
 tisfaction. A vast net thrown over France envelopes all the 
 pubhc functionaries. Placed in a constant state of accusation, 
 they seem to be in a manner cut off from civil society ; only 
 those ai^e spared whose fidelity wavers — only those are praised 
 whose fidelity gives way ; the others are marked by the faction 
 |to be in the sequel, without doubt, sacrificed to popular ven- 
 geance. 
 
 " The periodical press has not displayed less ardour in pur- 
 suing, with its poisoned darts, religion and its priests. Its ob- 
 ject is, and always will be, to root out of the heart of the peo- 
 
16 ANNALS OF THB 
 
 pie even the last germ of religious sentiments. Sire, do not 
 doubt that it will succeed in this, by attacking the foundations 
 of the press, by poisoning the sources of public morals, and by 
 covering the ministers of the altars with derision and contempt. 
 
 *' No strength, it must be confessed, is able to resist a dis- 
 solving power so active ; as the press at all times, where it has 
 been freed from its fetters, has made an irruption and invasion 
 in the state. One cannot but be singularly struck with the si- 
 militude of its effects during these last fifteen years, notwith- 
 standing circumstances, and notwithstanding the changes of the 
 men who have figured on the political stage. Its destiny, in a 
 word, is to recommence the i evolution, the principles of which 
 it loudly proclaims. Placed and replaced at various intervals 
 under the yoke of the censorship, it has always resumed its 
 liberty only to recommence its interrupted work. In order to 
 continue it with the more success, it has found an active aux- 
 iliary in the departmental press, which, engaging in combat local 
 jealousies and hatreds, striking terror into the minds of timid 
 men, harassing authority by endless intrigues, has exercised a 
 decisive influence on the elections. 
 
 " These last effects. Sire, are transitory ; but effects more 
 durable are observed in the manners and in the character of the 
 nation. An ardent, lying, and passionate spirit of contention, 
 the schools of scandal and licentiousness, has produced in it 
 important changes, and profound alterations : it gives a false 
 direction to people's minds ; it fills them with prejudices — di- 
 verts them from serious studies — retards them in the progress 
 of the sciences and the arts — excites among us a fermentation, 
 which is constantly increasing — ^raaintains, even in the bosom 
 of our families, fatal dissensions — and might, by degrees, throw 
 us back into barbarism. 
 
 '^ Against so many evils, engendered by the periodical press, 
 the law and justice are equally obliged to confess their want of 
 power. It would be superfluous to inquire into the causes 
 which have weakened the power of repression, and have insen- 
 sibly made it an ineffectual weapon in the hands of the autho- 
 rities. It is sufiicient to appeal to experience, and to show 
 the present state of things. 
 
 *' Judicial forms do not easily lend themselves to an effectual 
 repression. This truth has long since struck reflecting minds ; 
 it has lately become still more evident. To satisfy the wants 
 which caused its institution, the repression ought to be prompt 
 and strong ; it has been slow, weak, and almost null. When 
 it interferes, the mischief is already done, and the punishment 
 far from repairing it, only adds the scandal of discussion. 
 
REVOLirriON IN FKATsCE, 1830. 1^ 
 
 "^ The judicial prosecution is wearied out, but the seditious 
 press is never weary. The one sto{)s because there is too 
 much to prosecute ; the other multiplies its strenoth by multi- 
 plying its transgressions. In these diverse circumstances the 
 prosecutions have had their appearances of activity or of relax- 
 ation* But what does the press care for zeal or lukewarmness 
 in the public prosecutor ? It seeks in multiplying its offences 
 the certainty of their impunity. 
 
 " The insufficiency, or even the inutility, of the institutions 
 established in the laws now in force, is demonstrated by facts. 
 It is equally proved by facts that the public safety is endangered 
 by the licentiousness of the press. It is time, it is more than 
 time, to arrest its ravages. 
 
 " Give ear, Sire, to the prolonged cry of indignation and of 
 terror which rises from all points of your kingdom. All peace- 
 able men, the upright, the friends of order, stretch to your ma- 
 jesty their suppliant hands. All implore you to preserve them 
 from the return of the calamities by which their fathers or 
 themselves have been so severely afflicted. These alarms are 
 too real not to be listened to — these wishes are' too legitimate 
 not to be regarded. 
 
 '' There is but one means to satisfy them : it is to return to 
 the Charter (rentrer dans la Charte), 
 
 "^ If the terms of the 8th article are ambiguous, its spirit is 
 manifest. It is certain that the Charter has not given the 
 liberty of the journals and of periodical writings. The right of 
 publishing one's personal opinions certainly does not imply the 
 right of publishing the opinions of others. The one is the use 
 of a faculty which the law miglit leave free or subject to re- 
 strictions : the other is a commercial speculation, which, like 
 others, and more than othex's, supposes the superintendence of 
 the public authority. 
 
 *^ The intentions of the Charter on this subject are accu- 
 rately explained in the law of the 21st of October, 1814, which 
 is in some measure the appendix to it : this is the less doubt- 
 ful, as this law was presented to the Chambers on the 5th of 
 July ; that is to say, one month after the promulgation of 
 the Charter. In 1819, at the time when a contrary system 
 prevailed in the Chambers, it was openly proclaimed, that the 
 periodical press was not gfoverned by the enactments of the 8th 
 article. This truth is, besides, attested by the very laws which 
 have imposed upon the journals the condition of giving seeu- 
 rities. 
 
 " Now, Sire, nothing remains but to inquire how this return 
 
 C 
 
lo ANNALS OF THE 
 
 to the Charter, and to the law of the 21st of October, 1814, 
 is to be effected. The gravity of the present juncture has 
 solved this question. 
 
 " We must not deceive ourselves ; we are no longer in the 
 ordinary condition of a representative government. Theprin- 
 ciples on which it has been established could not remain entire 
 amid the political vicissitudes. A. turbulent democracy, which 
 has penetrated even into our laws, tends to put itself in the 
 place of legitimate power. It disposes of the majority of the 
 elections by means of the journals and the assistance of nu- 
 merous affiliations. It has paralyzed, as far as has depended 
 on it, the regular exercise of the most essential prerogative of 
 the crown— that of dissolving the elective chamber. By this 
 very thing the constitution of the state is shaken. Your ma- 
 jesty alone retains the power to replace and consolidate it upon 
 its foundations. 
 
 " The right as well as the duty of assuring its maintenance 
 is the inseparable attribute of the sovereignty. No government 
 on earth would remain standing, if it had not the right to pro- 
 vide for its own security. This power exists before the laws, 
 because it is in the nature of things. These, Sire, are maxims 
 which have in their favour the sanction of time, and the assent 
 of all the publicists of Europe. 
 
 '^ But these maxims have another sanction still more positive 
 -—that of the Charter itself. The 1 4th article has invested 
 your majesty with a sufficient power, not undoubtedly to change 
 our institutions, but to consolidate them and render them more 
 stable. 
 
 *' Circumstances of imperious necessity do not permit the 
 exercise of this supreme power to be any longer deferred. The 
 moment is come to have recourse to measures which are in the 
 spirit of the Charter, but which are beyond the limits of legal 
 order, the resources of which have been exhausted in vain. 
 
 '' These measures, Sire, your ministers, who are to secure 
 the success of them, do not hesitate to propose to you, convinced 
 as they are that justice will remain the strongest. 
 
 ^' We are, with the most profound respect. Sire, your ma- 
 jesty's most humble and most faithful wsubjects, 
 (Signed) " Prince de POLIGNAC. 
 
 '* CHANTELAUZE. 
 
 " Baron D'HAUSSEZ. 
 
 *^ Count de PEYRONNET. 
 
 *^ MONTBEL. 
 
 '' Count de GUERNON RANVILLE. 
 
 ^^ Baron CAPELLE." 
 
REVOLUTION IN FIIANCE, 183Q. 19 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE KING. 
 i. ordinance against the press. 
 
 *^ Charles, &c. 
 
 ^' To all to whom these presents shall come, health. 
 
 '« On the report of our Council of Ministers, we have or- 
 dained, and ordain as follows : 
 
 *' Art. 1. The liberty of the periodical press is suspended. 
 
 '* 2. The regulations of the articles 1st, 2d, and 9th of the 1st 
 section of the law of the 21st of October ,"18 14, are again put in 
 force, in consequence of which no journal, or periodical, or 
 semi-periodical writing, established, or about to be established, ' 
 without distinction of the matters therein treated, shall appear 
 either in Paris or in the departments, except by virtue of an 
 authority first obtained from us respectively by the authors and 
 the printer. This authority shall be renewed every three 
 months. It may also be revoked. 
 
 '' 3. The authority shall be provisionally granted and provi- 
 sionally withdrawn by the prefects from journals and periodi- 
 cals, or semi-periodical works, published or about to be pub- 
 lished in the departments. 
 
 " 4. Journals and writings published in contravention of ar- 
 ticle 2 shall be immediately seized. The presses and types 
 used in the printing of them shall be placed in a public depot, 
 under s^als, or rendered unfit for use. 
 
 *^ 5. No writing below twenty printed pages shall appear, 
 except w^ith the authority of our Minister, Secretary of State 
 for the Interior of Paris, and of the prefects in the departments. 
 Every writing of more than twenty printed pages, which shall 
 not constitute one single work, must also equally be published 
 under authority only* Writings published without authority 
 shall be immediately seized ; the presses and types used in 
 printing them shall be placed in a public dep6t, and under seals, 
 or rendered unfit for use. 
 
 '^ 6. Memoirs relating to legal process, and memoirs of 
 scientific and literary societies, must be previously authorized, 
 if they treat in whole or in part of political matters, in which 
 case the measures prescribed by art. 5 shall be applicable. 
 
 " 7. Every regulation contrary to the present shall be with- 
 out effect. 
 
 '' 8. The execution of the present ordinance shall take place in 
 conformity to article 4 of the ordinance of November 27, 1816, 
 
20 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 and of that which is prescribed in the ordinance of the 18th o^f 
 January, 1B17. 
 
 " 6. Our Secretaries of State are charged with the execu- 
 tion of this ordinance^ 
 
 '' Given at Chateau St. Cloud, the 25th of July, of the year 
 of Grace 1830, and the 6th of our reign. 
 
 (Signed) '^CHARLES: 
 
 (Countersigned) 
 '' Prince de POLIGNAC, President. 
 ^' CHANTELAUZE, Keeper of the Seals. 
 ** Baron D'HAUSSEZ, Minister of Marine. 
 «■> MONTBEL, Minister of Finance. 
 ^' Count GUERNON RANVILLE, Minister of Ec- 
 clesiastical Affairs. 
 '' Baron CAPELLE, Secretary of State for Public 
 Works." 
 
 II. ORDINANCE ANNULLING THE ELECTIONS OF THE DEPUTIES. 
 
 '* Charles, &.c. 
 
 '^ To all to whom these presents shall come, fcc. 
 " Having considered Art. 50 of the Constitutional Charter ; 
 being informed of the manoeuvres whi^h have been practised 
 in various parts of our kingdom, to deceive and mislead the 
 electors during the late operations of the electoral colleges ; 
 having heard our council ; we have ordained, and ordain as 
 follows : — 
 
 ''Art. 1. The Chamber of Deputies of Departments is dis- 
 solved. 
 
 «' 2. Our Minister, Secretary of State of the Interior, is 
 charged with the execution of the present ordinance. 
 
 '' Given at St. Cloud, the 25th day of July, the year of Grace 
 1830, and the sixth of our reign. 
 
 «' CHARLES. 
 (Countersigned) 
 "Count de PEYRONNET, Peer of France, Secretary of 
 State for the Interior." 
 
RirVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 21 
 
 III. ORDINANCE ABRIDGING THE RIGHT OF ELECTION. 
 
 '♦Charles, &:;c. 
 
 '' To all tliose who shall see these presents, health. 
 
 ** Having resolved to prevent the return of the manceuvres 
 which have exercised a pernicious influence on the late opera- 
 tions of the electoral colleges, wishing in consequence to re- 
 form according to the principles of the Constitutional Charter 
 the rules of Election, of which experience has shown the in- 
 convenience, we have recognised the necessity of using the 
 right which belongs to us, to provide by acts emanating from 
 ourselves for the safely of the state, and for the suppression of 
 every enterprise injurious to the dignity of our crown. For 
 these reasons, having heard our council, we have ordained, and 
 ordain — 
 
 " Art. 1. Conformably to the articles 16, 36, and 30, of the 
 Constitutional Charter, the Chamber of Deputies shall consist 
 only of Deputies of Departments, 
 
 " 2. The electoral rate and the rate of eligibility shall con- 
 sist exclusively of the sums for which the elector and the can- 
 didate shall be inscribed individually, as holders of real or per- 
 sonal property, in the roll of the land tax, or of personal taxes. 
 
 '* 3. Each department shall have the number of deputies 
 allotted to it by the 36th article of the Constitutional Charter. 
 
 '* 4. The deputies shall be elected, and the chamber re- 
 newed, in the form and for the time fixed by the 37th article of 
 the Constitutional Charter. 
 
 "5. The electoral colleges shall be divided into colleges of 
 arrondissement and colleges of departments, except the case 
 of electoral colleges of departments, to which only one deputy 
 is allotted. 
 
 '* 6. The electoral colleges of arrondissement shall consist 
 of all the electors whose poHtical domicile is established in the 
 arrondissement. The electoral colleges of departments shall 
 consist of a fourth part, the highest taxed^ of the electors of 
 departments. 
 
 " 7. The present limits of the electoral colleges of arron-^ 
 dissements are retained. 
 
 '* 8. Every electoral college of arrondissement shall elect a 
 number of candidates equal to the number of departmental de- 
 puties. 
 
 " 9. The college of arrondissement shall be divided into as 
 many sections as candidates. Each division shall be in pro- 
 
 C2 
 
ni AISNALS OF THE 
 
 portion to the number of sections, and to the total number of 
 electors, having regard as much as possible to the convenience 
 of place and neighbourhood. 
 
 '' 10. The sections of the electoral college of arrondisse- 
 ments may assemble in different places. 
 
 'MI. Every section of the electoral college of arrondisse- 
 ments shall choose a candidate, and proceed separately. 
 
 '•12. The presidents of the sections of the electoral college 
 of arrondissement shall be nominated by the prefects from 
 among the electors of the arrondissement. 
 
 ^^ 13. The college department shall choose the deputies ; 
 half the deputies of departments shall be chosen from the 
 general list of candidates proposed by the colleges of arron- 
 dissements : nevertheless, if the number of deputies of the de- 
 partment is uneven, the division shall be made without im- 
 peachment of the right reserved by the college of department. 
 
 " 14. In cases where, by the effect of omissions, of void or 
 double nominations, the list of candidates proposed by the col- 
 leges of arrondissements shall be incomplete, if the list is re- 
 duced below half the number required, the college of depart- 
 ment shall choose another deputy not in the list ; if the list is 
 reduced below a fourth, the college of department may elect 
 beyond the whole of th« deputies of department. 
 
 ^' 15. The prefects, the sub-prefects, and the general offi- 
 cers commanding military divisions and departments, are not 
 to be elected in the departments where they exercise their 
 junctions. 
 
 '< 16. The list of electors shall be settled by the prefect in 
 the Council of Prefecture. It shall be posted up five days be- 
 fore the assembling of the colleges. 
 
 ^' 17. Claims regarding the power of voting which have not 
 l»een authorized by the prefects shall be decided by the Cham- 
 ber of Deputies ; at the same time that it shall decide upon the 
 validity of the operations of the colleges. 
 
 '* 18. In the electoral colleges of department, the two oldest 
 ©lectors and the two electors who pay the most taxes shall 
 execute the duty of scrutators. 
 
 '^ The same disposition shall be observed in the sections of 
 the college of arrondissement, composed, at most, of only fifty 
 electors. In the other college sections the functions of scru- 
 tators shall be executed by the oldest and the richest of the 
 ©lectors. The secretary shall be nominated in the college of 
 the section of colleges by the president and the scrutators. 
 
 019. No person shall be admitted into the college, or section 
 
REVOLUTION IN mANCE, 1830. 23 
 
 of college, if he is not inscribed in the list of electors who com- 
 |X)se part of it. This list will be delivered to the president, 
 and w\\\ remain posted up in the place of the sitting of the col- 
 lege, during the period of its proceedings. 
 
 '' 20. All discussion and deliberation whatever are forbid- 
 den in the bosom of the electoral colleges. 
 
 '* 2 1. The police of the college belongs to the President. No 
 armed force without his order can be placed near the hall of 
 sittings. The military commandant shall be bound to obey his 
 requisitions. 
 
 " 22. The nominations shall be made in the colleges and sec- 
 tions of college by the absolute majority of the votes given. 
 Nevertheless, if the nominations are not finished after two 
 rounds of scrutiny, the bureau shall determine the list of per- 
 sons who shall have obtained the greatest number of suffrages 
 at the second round. It shall contain a number of names 
 double that of the nominations which remain to be made. At 
 the third round, no suffrages can be given except to the per- 
 sons inscribed on that list, and the nominations shall be made 
 by a relative majority. 
 
 " 23. The electors shall vote by bulletins ; every bulletin 
 shall contain as many names as there are nominations to be 
 made. 
 
 " 24. The electors shall write their vote on the bureau, or 
 cause it to be written by one of the scrutators. 
 
 '' 25. The name, the qualification, and the domicile of each 
 elector who shall deposite his bulletin, shall be inscribed by the 
 secretary on a list destined to establish the number of the voters. 
 
 " 26. Every scrutiny shall remain open for six hours ; and 
 shall be declared during the sitting. 
 
 " 27. There shall be drawn up a proces verbal for each sit- 
 ting. This proces verbal shall be signed by altihe members 
 of the bureau. 
 
 '* 28. Conformably to article 46 of the Constitutional Char- 
 ter, no amendment can be made upon any law in the Cham- 
 ber, unless it has been proposed and consented to by us ; and 
 unless it has been discussed in the bureaus. 
 
 " 29. All regulations contrary to the present ordinance shall 
 remain without effect. 
 
 " 30. Our Ministers, Secretaries of State, are charged with 
 the execution of the present ordinance. 
 
 " Given at St. Cloud, this 25th day of July, in the year of 
 grace 1830, and 6th of our reign. 
 
 ^' CHARLES." 
 (Countersigned by all the Ministers.) 
 
24 AlfNALS OF THE 
 
 ^ 
 
 These ordinances of the King, on Sunday the 26th of July,, 
 with the preceding Report of the Ministers, were sent for in- 
 sertion the following morning to the Moniteur. 
 
 MONDAY, JULY 26. 
 
 The Moniteur in France bears the same relation to the Go- 
 vernment that the London Gazette does in England. It is the 
 official paper, and has been so with the Government under the 
 Directory, the Consulate, Napoleon, Louis XVIIL, Napoleon 
 daring the hundred days, Louis XVIIL again, and his succes- 
 sor, Charles X. 
 
 On the publication of the iyfom/e^^r this morning, its readers 
 were astounded by the mystifying Report of the Ministers to 
 Charles X., and the king's arbitrary ordinances. A person 
 who breakfasted at one of the cafes describes something of the 
 eifect produced by the illegal acts on the people assembled while 
 he was sitting there. '^ A man entered, and, with a significant 
 gesture, deposited at the bar a packet of Journals. The young 
 lady who presided opened them of course, and, having glanced 
 at them, beckoned to the proprietor of the cafe, and, with an 
 air of astonishment, put one of them into his hands. He read 
 a few lines —his eye fell lower— -he struck his forehead with his 
 open hand, exclaiming, ^ I am ruined 1' He immediately pro- 
 ceeded to lay upon the different tables copies of the Moniteur. 
 In an instant they were grasped with eagerness — an unusual 
 circumstance with that official organ — when 'Monstrous! 
 scandalous ! abominable V burst from each reader. * What 
 is the matter, sir ?' I asked of one of them. * The Chamber 
 is dissolved !' exclaimed one ; * The liberty of the press is sus- 
 pended 1' said another ; ' The Charter is violated !' said a 
 third. A fourth, although evidently excited similarly with the 
 others, showed, in addition, other symptoms of dissatisfaction, 
 and the working of his mind, in these words, addressing a 
 friend : — < R**^**, I shall run oflf instantly to Torteni's — the 
 Three per Cents, will be down three francs in lialf an hour — I 
 must see my broker instantly.' " The latter speaker had not 
 misconceived the effect : the Rentes fell rapidly, and the Rank 
 stopped its discounts. 
 
 In Paris are the greater number of those electors whom the 
 ordinances relating to the elections purposed to disfranchise ; 
 besides these, there are the conductors of the Journals, and a^ 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. ^5 
 
 great number of literary men, whose feelings and interests 
 were violated by the ordinance against the press. Every rhind 
 was filled witli indignation, and each man determined of 
 himself, and upon the instant, to resist these aggressions of 
 the King and his treasonable ministry. The first overt act 
 seems to have been manifested by M. Charles Dunoyer. He 
 addressed a letter to the National, declaring that he would not 
 pay taxes until the ordinances were repealed ; for that, when 
 the Government violated its engagements with the people, their 
 duty of obedience ceased. The editor of the National in- 
 serted this letter, and, having conferred with his coadjutors, he 
 courageously published his paper, in contempt of the ordi- 
 nances, with the following 
 
 ^' DECLARATION OF EDITORS OF JOURNALS. 
 
 '< Paris, July 26. 
 
 " It has for these six months past often been announced that 
 the laws would be violated, — that a blow of arbitrary power 
 would be struc^. The good sense of the public refused to be- 
 lieve the report : the Ministry repelled the supposition as a 
 calumny. However, the Moniteur-hdi^ at last published those 
 memorable ordinances wbich are the most striking violation of 
 the laws. Legal government is therefore interrupted, and that 
 of force has commenced. 
 
 <^ In the situation in which we are placed, obedience ceases 
 to be a duty. The citizens first called upon to obey are the 
 writers of the Journals ; they ought to give the first example 
 of resistance to authority which has divested itself of a legal 
 character. 
 
 *' The reasons on which they rely are such that it sufiices to 
 announce them. 
 
 " The matters regulated by the ordinances now published 
 are those on which royal authority cannot, according to the 
 Charter, decide singly. The Charter (Art. 8) declares that 
 the French, in afl^airs of the press, shall be bound to conform 
 to the laws ; it does not say to the ordinances. The Charter 
 (Art. 35) says that the organization of the electoral colleges 
 shall be regulated by laws ; it does not say by ordinances. 
 
 " The crown itself has hitherto recognised these articles. 
 It never entertained the thought of arming itself against them, 
 either with a pretended constituent power, or with the power 
 falsely attributed to Art. 14. 
 
 ^> Ip factj on all occasions, when circumstances, pretended 
 
rb ANNALS OF THE 
 
 to be of a serious nature, have appeared to the crown to re- 
 quire a modification, either in the system of the press or the 
 electoral system, it has had recourse to the two Chambers. — 
 When it was required to modify the Charter, for establishing 
 septennial duration and integral renewal, it had recourse, not 
 to itself, as author of that Charter, but to the Chambers. 
 
 '' Royalty has, therefore, of itself recognised and acted upon 
 these articles, 8 and 35, and has arrogated, with respect to 
 them, either a constituent authority^ or a dictatorial autho- 
 rity which nowhere exists. 
 
 '^ The tribunals which have the right of interpretation have 
 solemnly recognised the same principles. The royal Court of 
 Paris condemned the publishers of the Breton Association as 
 authors of an outrage on the government. They considered 
 the supposition that the government could employ the author- 
 ity of ordinances, where the authority of the law can alone be 
 admitted, as an outrage. 
 
 " Thus the formal text of the Charter, the practice hitherta 
 followed by the Crown, and the decisions of the tribunals, es- 
 tablish, that with respect to the press, and electoral organiza- 
 tion, the laws — that is to say, the King and the Chambers — 
 can alone determine. 
 
 " The Government has, therefore, now violated legal order. 
 We are dispensed from obeying. We shall endeavour to pub- 
 lish our journal without asking the authority which is im- 
 posed on us. We shall do our best, in order that, for the pre- 
 sent at least, it shall reach all parts of France. 
 
 " This is what our duty as citizens dictate, and we fulfil it. 
 
 " It is not for us to point out to the Chamber, illegally dis- 
 solved, its duties; but we may supplicate it, in the name of 
 France, to rely on its evident right, and to resist with all its 
 power the violation of the laws. Its right is ns certain as that 
 on which we rely. The Charter declares. Art. 50, that the 
 King may dissolve the Chamber of Deputies, but in order to 
 do that it is necessary that it shall have been assembled, and 
 constituted a Chamber, and, in fine, that it shall have main- 
 tained a system capable of provoking its dissolution. But, be- 
 fore the meeting and the constitution of the Chamber, there is 
 nothing but the election of deputies. Now in no part of the 
 Charter is it said that the King can annul the elections. The 
 ordinances now published do nothing but annul the elections. 
 They are therefore illegal, because they do that which the 
 Charter does not authorize. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. ^K 
 
 <' The Deputies elected and convoked for the 3d of August 
 are therefore well and truly elected and convoked. Their 
 right to-day is the same as it was yesterday. France implores 
 them not to forget it. Whatever they can do to make that 
 right prevail, it is their duty to do. 
 
 *' The Government has this day lost the character of legality 
 which commands obedience. We resist it in what concerns 
 ourselves. It is for France to determine how far her resistance 
 ought to extend. 
 
 ** The following editors and managers of Journals, now in 
 Paris, have signed : — 
 '' MM. 
 
 *' Gauja, manager of the National. 
 
 " Thiers, Mignet, Carrel, Chambolle, Peysse, Al- 
 bert, Staffer, Dubochet, Rolle, editors of the National. 
 
 '* Leroux, manager of the Globe. 
 
 ** De Guizard, editor of the Globe. 
 
 " Sarrans, jun., manager of the Courrier des Electeurs, 
 
 " B. Dejean, editor of the Globe. 
 
 *' GuYET, MoussETTE, oditors of the Courrier. 
 
 " M. AuGUSTE Fabre, chief editor of the Tribune des De- 
 partemen^. 
 
 ^* M. Annee, editor of the Constitutionnel. 
 
 <* M. Cauchois-Lemaire, editor of the Constitutionnel. 
 
 " Senty, of the Temps. 
 
 ^' Haussman, of the Temps. 
 
 •' AvENNEL, of the Courrier Fran^ais. ^ 
 
 '< DussARD, of the Temps. 
 
 *' Levasseur, editor of the Revolution. 
 
 " EVARISTE DUMOULIN. 
 
 " Alexis de Jussiett, editor of the Courrier Franqai^. 
 '* Chatelain, manager of the Courrier Franqais. 
 <' Plagnol, chief editor of the Revolution. 
 " Fazy, editor of the Revolution. 
 '* BuzoNi, Barbaroux, editors of i\\Q Temps. 
 '* Chalas, editor of the Temps. 
 " A. Billiard, editor of the Temps. 
 *VAder, of the Tribune des Departemens. 
 " F. Larregxjy, editor of the Journal du Commerce. 
 *' J. F. DupoNT, advocate, editor of the Cuorrier Franqais. 
 " Ch. de Remusat, of the Globe. 
 
 *' V. de Lapelouze, one of the managers of the Courrier 
 Franqais. 
 '* Bohain ET RoQUEPLAN, of the Figaro. 
 
^.8 AOTALS or THE 
 
 " CosTE, manager of the Temps, 
 
 " J. -J. Baude, editor of the Temps. 
 
 " Bert, manager of the Commerce. 
 
 " Leon Pillet, manager of the Journal de Paris. 
 
 <^ Vaillakt, manager of the Si/lphe.''^ 
 
 Another paper, the Journal du Commerce, expressed its 
 opinion of the obnoxious ordinances, in the subjoined spirited 
 article : — 
 
 " Violation of the Charter — Abolition op the Laws, 
 
 '' Paris, July 26th. 
 
 '* Violence has triumphed in the councils of the King. The 
 Constitution of the State is attacked in its foundations. The 
 body politic is dissolved. France is replaced, by the crime of 
 the Ministers, in the provisional situation from which the 
 Charter had raised it on the 14th of June, 1814. The legal 
 title which would legitimate the raising of the taxes in 1831 
 has just been destroyed. 
 
 " The crime for which Ministers are going to answer before 
 the nation has been characterized by the lloyal Court of Paris, 
 in the sentence passed upon us with respect to the Breton sub^ 
 scription. In condemning us for having published that docu- 
 ment the Magistrates have declared that the imputation was 
 odious which ascribed to Ministers the intention of overthrow- 
 ing the basis of the constitutional guarantees established by the 
 Charter, and the design attributed to them criminal, either 
 to enact and levy taxes not assented to by the two Chambers, 
 or to change illegally the mode of the election. 
 
 •* This odious imputation has become an official truth : this 
 criminal intention is realized." 
 
 On the other hand, the Gazette de France, a Journal de- 
 voted to the court, defended the ordinances, by alleging that 
 the representative system was not affected 1 that the decrees 
 were countersigned by seven responsible Ministers ! that this 
 was the third time since the restoration that the elections had 
 been altered by royal ordinances 1 that the liberty of the press 
 was only suspended ! that these measures were essential to the 
 maintenance of the royal prerogative ! and were rendered 
 imperative by the necessity of preserving established order, and 
 the itistitutions which Royalty had '* given to its people !" 
 Unfortunately for royalty, " its people" were of another 
 opinion ; and the proprietors of the Journals in whom the 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 29 
 
 people confided were determined to maintain public liberty, by 
 opposing" the pen to the sword. 
 
 One of Polignac's friends remonstrated with him, and en- 
 deavoured to enforce upon him the fact that the ordinances en- 
 dangered the dynasty : the Minister answered, '* Our plan is 
 complete ; every thing is settled ;— the rest must be left to the 
 gen-d'armerie l" The proprietors solemnly but vainly pro- 
 tested against the violation of their property. 
 
 These commotions alarmed foreigners sojourning in Paris, 
 and they hastened to the ambassadors of tlieir respective na- 
 tions for information and advice. Lord Stuart, the English 
 Minister, was agitated and confused, and dismissed his anxious 
 countrymen with expressions of hope that all would, end 
 quietly. The passport office was crowded with persons desi- 
 rous of leaving France immediately. 
 
 Meetings of opulent citizens were held for the purpose of 
 considering what course to pursue, and they resolved not to pay 
 the current taxes, lest the money should be applied to the final 
 subjugation of the Chamber of Deputies and the periodical 
 press. The Bourse (Exchange) was crowded to excess. In 
 every face there was either stupefaction or alarm. All in- 
 quired, '' What is to be done ?" ** What step can be taken 
 to avert ruin ?" The Rentes fell alarmingly. The noted 
 jobber Ouvrard had been intrusted with the secret of ths 
 coup d'etat: he arranged accordingly, and made an immense 
 sum by the fall. M. Rothschild was excluded from the confi- 
 dence of Ministers, and lost as much as his rival gained. 
 
 There were at this time in Paris the Deputies representing 
 the electors of the city, and some of the Deputies from other 
 parts of the kingdom. They assembled to the number of thirty- 
 two, and deliberated at the house of the deputy, M. Lafitte, the 
 banker. A number of constitutional peers hastily met at the 
 Duke de ChoiseuPs. At each of these meetings it was re- 
 solved not to submit. The Peers signed a protest, and sent it 
 by a deputation to the King. He refused to receive it. This 
 rejection strengthened the resolution of the Deputies, and forty 
 couriers were sent with despatches to towns and villages within 
 a hundred miles of the metropolis^ representing the outrages of 
 the Government, and urging theinhabitants to co-operate with 
 the Parisians in a determined stand for the liberties of France. 
 
 In the mean time, the Government was on the alert, and sent 
 a general ofiicer to Grenelle, and another to Angers, for mili- 
 tary purposes. The military command of Paris was intrusted 
 to the marshal Duke of Ragusa (Marmont). Troops were 
 
 D 
 
so ANNALS OF THE 
 
 ordered in from the barracks within fifty miles around. It ^ 
 was evident that the King and his Ministers were bent on en- 
 forcing obedience to their ordinances by arms. The guards 
 in the city were doubled. Towards the evening, bodies of 
 gen-d'armerie were stationed about the Bourse, and on the 
 Boulevards. 
 
 These demonstrations, which dismayed and agitated every 
 mind, were made while Charles X. was deaf to the teachings of 
 an awful experience, and to the fearful representations of the 
 few honest persons whom he allowed to approach him. He left 
 the execution of his royal will to his ministers — as if the people 
 had nothing to do, and would do nothing, with the Ordinances, 
 but obey them. But the people were of a different temper. 
 In consequence of the Bank refusing to discount bills, the ma- 
 nufacturers perceived it had not confidence in the Government, 
 and they immediately discharged their workmen. These arti- 
 sans congregated in the different streets and reported what had 
 happened to listening throngs. Lovers of news rushed to the 
 offices of Journals which contained second editions, with the 
 obnoxious ordinances. The Ministers were not willing that a 
 knowledge of their own acts should extend to the provinces. 
 Most of the papers put into the post-office were withheld, 
 and the prefect of police, M. Mangin, issued the annexed 
 
 Ordinance. 
 
 " We, Prefect of Police, &c., seeing the ordinance of 
 the King, dated the 25th inst., which puts again in force arti- 
 cles 1, 2, and 9 of the law of the 21st of October, 1814, &c., 
 have ordained, and ordain as follows i — 
 
 "Art. 1. Every individual who shall distribute printed 
 writings, on which there shall not be the true indication of 
 the names, profession, and residence of the author and of the 
 printer, or who shall give to the public the same writings to 
 read, shall be brought before the Comn)issary of Police of the 
 quarter, and the writings shall be seized. 
 
 *^ 2. Every individual keeping a reading-room, cofTee-house, 
 &c., who shall give to be read journals, or other writings, 
 printed contrary to the ordinance of the King of the 25th 
 inst., relative to the press, shall be prosecuted as guilty of the 
 misdemeanors which these journals or writings may Constitute, 
 and his establishment shall be provisionally closed. 
 
 '^ 3. The present ordinance shall be printed, published, and 
 posted up. 
 
 " 4. The Commissary Chief of Municipal Police, the Com- 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830, 31 
 
 missaries of Police, shall be enjoined to see to the execution of 
 it. It shall also be addressed to the Colonel of the city of 
 Paris, commander of the royal gen-d'armerie, to cause the 
 execution of it as far as he is concerned/' 
 
 Mangin's ordinance, posted on the walls in all parts of the 
 city, heightened the general discontent. It was plain there were 
 to be fewer papers, and each with only such small flowings of 
 adulterated intelligence as Prince Polignac and his confederates 
 would allow to dribble out. Newspapers with a Frenchman's 
 coffee in the morning are as essential to his existence as su- 
 gared water and a dance in the evening. He neither does 
 nor can he do without them : ]M. Mangin's ordinance was 
 honoured with as much contempt as the ordinance of his masters. 
 The officers of this functionary cleared the coffee-houses and 
 reading-rooms of visiters, and shut up these and other places 
 of resort for amusement or refreshment. By order of the po- 
 lice, the theatres v;ere closed. These precautionary measures 
 were by no means effective. The Government spies prowled 
 in redoubled numbers, and were enabled to inform their em- 
 ployers that all Paris was in a state of high sedition. 
 
 At the Champs Elysees there wer^e in the evening, as usual, 
 several bands of itinerant musicians performing in front of the 
 groups seated in the grand x\llee, and in front of the cafes. One 
 of these bands, composed of tv/o men and two women, sang a 
 few airs, accompanying themselves on the guitar, and com- 
 menced another. They had not sung three words before a well- 
 dressed man whispered something in the ear of the leader. 
 The music stopped, and another air was commenced. The 
 interruption came from one of the innumerable agents of the 
 police. The song prohibited was to the tune of one which 
 contained a reference to the destruction of the Bastille. 
 
 In the course of the day, the gen-d'armerie were objects of 
 popular dislike, which was chiefly manifested by words. Seve- 
 ral shops and public buildings were closed ; and, much earlier 
 than was customary, all the shops in the Palais Royal were 
 shut up. Young men, chiefly the sons of tradesmen, paraded 
 the streets with walking-sticks containing small swords, which 
 they drew occasionally and flourished in the air, at the same 
 time uttering loud cries of " Vive la Charte /" As the night 
 closed in, they were joined by persons of more fashionable 
 appearance, with similar sticks- and pistols. Crowds of arti- 
 sans, with bludgeons, rushed along, vociferating ^' Vive la 
 Liberte 1" Until a late hour there were tumultuous cries ; the 
 prevailing one was " Vive la Charte P^ The windows were 
 
3^ ANNALS OP THE 
 
 broken at the Treasury, at Polignac's hotel in the Palais Royal,, 
 and at the hotel of Montbel, the Minister of Finance, in the 
 Rue Rivoli. No other violence was committed—except, per- 
 haps, that, as was reported, one of the gen-d'armerie was shot 
 after the darkness had set in. Charles X. came privately to 
 Paris, and slept at the Dutchess of Berri's, while many of the 
 people of Paris passed the night in devising means for oppos- 
 ing the arbitrary domination he had assumed. The morrovs? 
 that dawned upon his fatuitous slumbers witnessed his out- 
 laged subjects in wakeful deliberations 
 
 TUESDAY, JULY 27. 
 
 The glorious sun which arose this morning upon the city of 
 Paris lighted the people to early co-operation against the law- 
 less will of Charles X., and him,, at a later hour, to a shooting 
 party at St. Cloud with the duke d'Angouleme, a man after 
 his own heart, equally Vveak, rash, obstinate, and blind to con- 
 sequences. On Sunday the ordinances were signed, and, to 
 the perverse obliquity of the king's mind, his signature settled 
 the business. On the following day, Monday, he and the duke 
 took their rifles, and indulged in field-sports, and arranged to 
 shoot together till ¥/ednesday. These silly men expected as little 
 resistance from the people as from the game which rose be- 
 fore them, to be brought down with their rifles. If the people 
 rose, they were game — to be brought down by the gens- 
 d'armerie. 
 
 This morning the heads of the University issued the follow- 
 ing prohibition to the students :— 
 
 *' The Royal Council of Public Instruction being informed 
 that some students appear to be disposed to take part in as- 
 semblages which may endanger good order and public tran- 
 quillity, desiring to save the young men from the fatal conse- 
 quences which would necessarily result from the disorders to 
 which these illegal assemblages might have given rise, and 
 from the penalties which the authorities of the University 
 would be obliged to pronounce against the delinquents, re- 
 minds the students of all the schools of the University, for the 
 sake of their studies — for that of their future destiny, and of 
 their families, of the following articles." — Then followed the 
 18th, 19th, and 20th articles of the ordinance of the 6th of 
 July, 1820, and article 36 of the o^rdiaancQ of the 2d of Fe- 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. * 33 
 
 bruary, 1823, "prohibiting students from taking part in any 
 illegal assemblages and public disorders, forbidding them to 
 act or to write in a collective capacity, as if they formed a 
 corporate body, &lc. &c." This notice, dated the 27th of 
 July, was signed by the Count de Guernon Ranville. 
 
 The press — that machine which, when once in action, can 
 no more be staj^d or stopped than the orb of day — had kept 
 its course bravely yesterday. To day some prudent constitu- 
 tional journals, bowing to the ordinances and the police — un- 
 constitutionally applied for licenses to exist, but were refused, 
 and suicidally extinguished. A few were licensed to appear 
 under a strict censorship, and ^' swung blind and blackening." 
 Others — in disdain and defiance of the police, the censors, the 
 royal ordinances, the traitorous ministers, and the arbitrary 
 king — came out, self-privileged, under '^ the liberty of unli- 
 censed printing," exposing and denouncing the outrages of the 
 court, and in unmeasured language vehemently urging the 
 people to stand forth, and vanguard the efforts of the press for 
 the liberties of France. 
 
 On this day the journals appear to have been in the situation 
 about to be described. 
 
 The Moniteur^ the official paper of the government, made 
 no allusion to the recent events. It contained an order which 
 directed that all prefects, sub-prefects, and secretaries general 
 should return immediately to their posts. It farther contained 
 the following errata in the ordinances : — '' The first article of 
 the' ordinance for the meeting of the electoral colleges should 
 state that the electoral colleges of the departments are to 
 meet on the 13th of September, not on the 18th — In the first 
 article of the ordinance which lays down the rules of election, 
 and prescribes the execution of article 46 of the Charter, in- 
 stead of the words ' conformably to articles 15, 36, and 30,' 
 are to be read ' 15, 36, and 50, of the Constitutional Charter.' " 
 
 The Mess ager des Chambres appeared under a license, w^ilh 
 this introductory notice — ^'' Paris, July 27th. At so critical a 
 moment we have considered whether we should let our paper 
 appear, or cease to exist. Strong in our consciences and our 
 principles, we have tliought that an opposition journal was still 
 necessary, not to discuss acts which we will not characterize, 
 and which, under present circumstances, we cannot discuss, 
 but to collect facts, to give them to the public, and to rectify 
 them if they should be disfigured by the Ministerial journals. 
 Thus we suspend for the present all discussion, preferring 
 silence to a complaisant or forced mutilation of our ideas." 
 
 D 2 
 
34 ANNALS OF TU1S 
 
 The Journal du Commerce appealed from the ordinances to 
 the laws, and obtained a judgment in favour of the press. The 
 following ordinance of the president, De Belleyme, author- 
 ized the printer. "- Considering the ordinance of the' King of 
 the 25th, relative to the press, has not been promulgated ac- 
 cording to the forms prescribed by the ordinance of the 27th of 
 November, 1826, and that of the 18th of January, 1817 : We 
 order M. Selligue to proceed to the composition and printing 
 of the Journal du Commerce, which is to appear to-morrow.*'' 
 
 La France Nouvelle was honoured with a similar ordinance, 
 addressed to its printer, M. Plassau. This recreant of. the 
 press refused to comply, and the courageous editors could not 
 bring out their journal. 
 
 The Courrier Franqais was not published, for a similar rea- 
 son, assigned by its conductors in the following spirited circular 
 addressed to their subscribers ; — - 
 
 " Sir, '' Paris, July 27th. 
 
 '^ Yesterday evening, at the moment for putting the 
 Journal to press, the printer of the Courrier Franqais, inti* 
 midated by the threats of the police, signified to us his refusal 
 to print it. The dispute has been referred to the tribunals. 
 We shall employ all legal means to make our right triumph ; 
 but we shall not apply for a license, which v/ould seem to imply 
 our submission io acts which violate the Charter and the la;ys. 
 
 '* The citizens who have been concerned in editing and pub- 
 lishing the Courrier Frangais will protest to the last ; and will 
 rather make a sacrifice of their property, than yield to arbitrary 
 measures and to violence. 
 
 " The Managers of the Courrier Frangais, 
 
 '^ V. DE LAPELOUZE. 
 " CHATELAIN." 
 
 GalignanVs Messager was not published. His whole es- 
 tablishment wag closed. 
 
 The London Express was not published. 
 
 The Constitutionnel, a journal with 17,000 subscribers, was 
 printed, but not published. It was suppressed by the police : 
 a sentry was placed at the office door to prevent its distribution. 
 
 The Universal, the Quotidienne^ the Gazette de France^ and 
 the Drapeau Blanc, being papers devoted to the government, 
 were licensed and published. 
 
 The Courrier des Theatres appeared with the play-bills of 
 the day only. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 35 
 
 The Petites Affiches^ containing advertisements only, also 
 appeared. 
 
 The Journal des Salons^ relating only to costumes, fashions, 
 furniture, &c., was published. 
 
 The National resisted and was published early in the morn- 
 ing, without a license. It contained a letter from M. Charles 
 Dunoyer, declaring that he would not pay taxes until the ordi- 
 nances were repealed. 
 
 The Temps resisted, and was published iinthout a license. 
 
 The Figaro resisted, and was also published without alicense. 
 
 The National and the Temps, by secret arrangements and 
 private presses, were printed and published in despite of the 
 vigilance of the police. The proprietors of each of these 
 journals, influenced by a noble scorn, refused to apply for li- 
 censes, and threatened, if force were offered to them, they would 
 repel it by force. These courageous papers were issued gra- 
 tuitously at the offices, and thence they were distributed, and 
 voraciously read in every quarter. The excellent young men 
 who conducted the National had contrived to circulate the 
 paper to its subscribers, and afterward, with their own hands, 
 they gave away a multitude of copies to the people that thronged 
 their door, with an injunction to each individual to take arms 
 in defence of their country against its tyrants. By this means, 
 the news of the odious ordinances and the calls to resistance, 
 which until then had been confined within circles, were ex- 
 tended throughout Paris to the stupefaction of many thousands, 
 who were unacquainted with the proceedings of yesterday. 
 In vain did the commissaries of police go round to all the cafes 
 and reading rooms to prevent the giving out of the National 
 and the Temps for perusal ; for they had been read, and the 
 news communicated. 
 
 A Paris letter of this day well describes the anxieties and 
 views of the people: — " I went," says the writer, '* at half- 
 past seven o'clock this morning to the Palais Royal, anxious 
 to see the Paris Journals Hguring in their barrenness — I mean, 
 divested of that sickening mass of rubbish with which, under 
 the name of Hautes Politiques^ their columns used to be 
 loaded. The Moniteur, the Universal, and the Quotidienne 
 had arrived — no others were to be found in the four beautiful 
 Pavileons de Lecture which adorn the garden, nor in any of 
 the cafes ; but several young men rushed through the garden, 
 distributing profusely and gratuitously Le Temps ^ Le National., 
 and Figaro. Early as was the hour, the garden contained not 
 fewer than 500 men. Those who had copies of the papers 
 above mentioned were immediately surrounded by crowds, to 
 
36 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 whom they read Uie unquestionably inflammatory matfer con- 
 tained in those papers. In one instance an agent of Police 
 interfered, but in no more that 1 saw. The language of those 
 journals was heard with deep attention, and i'ollovved by no 
 comment. In many instances, those who had already heard 
 them ran unsated to another group to hear once more, and 
 probably for the last time, the bold accents of liberty. I en- 
 tered the cafe, and entering into conversation with the pro- 
 prietor, asked him what he meant by saying yesterday, when 
 he first read the Royal Ordinances, that he was ruined ? 
 ** Good God, sir, how can you ask ? Look at my cafe to-day, 
 and recollect what it was at this hour yesterday. You are 
 now its sole occupant — yesterday it was with difficulty you 
 found a place in which to sit. This Ordinance for suspend- 
 ing the liberty of the press will destroy hundreds of thousands 
 of families — the keepers of coffee-houses, and reading-rooms, 
 and libraries, editors, printers, publishers, paper-makers. The 
 Constitutionncl sold between 16,000 and 20,000 copies daily — 
 it will not sell 6000 hereafter. Take these as instances. But I 
 do not grieve solely on these accounts, although I shall partici- 
 pate in the general ruin. I have some public feeling — I 
 grieve for the destruction of the Charter. It is true, as I pay 
 more than the required sum in direct taxes, that I do not par- 
 ticipate in the destitution of the smaller voters (the class 
 whose qualification consisted in their paying 300 francs a-j^ear 
 only) ; but I must, and I do, feel for the loss of the political 
 rights of my fellow-citizens. The number of Voters disquali- 
 fied by the ordinance in the city of Paris alone is not less than 
 9600. The number that will remain does not amount to more 
 than 1900. Here, therefore, in all probabilty, but certainly 
 in most of the Departments, the Ministry miiy reckon on the 
 success of the Government candidates. The Chamber, so 
 composed, will pass any lav? presented to it ; you may guess, 
 therefore, tliat there is an end of liberty in France." 
 
 In the Drapeau Blanc^ a court journal, there was a para- 
 graph of extraordinary import. '* It is certain that the coun- 
 cil of the day before yesterday did justice to a pretty consi- 
 derable number of functionaries v/hose opinions, and, in case 
 ofneed, whose votes, do not agree with the monarchical spirit 
 which animates the King's Government." There cannot !)e 
 a doubt but that Charles X. and his Ministers designed to 
 erect a despotism in France upon the ruins of the Charter. 
 
 Several hours elapsed after the publicalioii of the National 
 and the Temps, without a movement against the editors. The 
 king and his guilty ministers must have seen these jour^ials 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 37 
 
 soon after they were issued, and probably much of the inter- 
 val was employed in determining what should be done with 
 the offenders. 
 
 About noon, the police, and a large force of gens-d'armes, 
 mounted and on foot, appeared before the office of the Na- 
 tional, in the Rue St. Marc. They found the door fast closed ; 
 and, being refused entrance, broke in, seized the types, and 
 carried the redacteur-in-chef to prison, leaving five mounted 
 gens-d'armes to blockade the entrance of the street. The 
 same force went to the office of the Tempsyin the Rue Riche- 
 lieu, where, the door being locked and admission denied, a 
 smith was sent for to break it open, but he refused to act. 
 Another smith was procured, who i)icked the lock and opened 
 the door. Still there was no entrance ; f6r the doorway within 
 was barricaded, and a body of honest printers inside vowed to 
 defend the blockaded pass, and the press, with their lives. 
 The commissaries of police, however, by some means, got in, 
 and seized the papers that remained, and the types. The 
 crowds as yet could only oppose resentful looks, and cries of 
 *' Vive la Charter^ to military operations. 
 
 The people, already irritated by the reading of the journals, 
 and aggravated by the pouring in of troops and the seizure of 
 the presses, heartened each other with shouts for liberty and 
 their country. Agitation prevailed throughout Paris ; the 
 Bourse was crowded to excess, and inflammatory papers were 
 thrown in upon the assembly — " Death to Ministers, and in- 
 famy to the soldiers who defend them !" — ^' Aux amies, Fran- 
 9oisl" The funds of course dropped as popular excitement 
 heightened. 
 
 After this notice of the slate of the daily press, and the sen- 
 sation on the Exchange, and among the loungers and fre- 
 quenters of the cafes, it is proper to relate incidents that con- 
 cerned the people generally. At daybreak, the inhabitants of 
 Palais were reminded, by the thunder of the artillery exer- 
 cising at Vincennes, that some hundreds of pieces of cannon 
 were ready to pour into the city and sweep the streets. 'So 
 early as five in the morning several battalions of the Guards 
 were under arms in the Champs Elysees ; and by seven 
 o'clock groups began to form in the Palais Royal. The Na- 
 tional and the Temps^ the two patriotic papers v/hich broke 
 the ordinances by publishing without a license, and were given 
 away, found eager readers in the assembled crowds. These 
 journals were likewise read to the people in the city itself by 
 enthusiastic persons mounted on chairsj and from the windo\^s 
 
38 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 of the houses. There were repeated shouts of *' Vive la 
 Charter " Down with the King !" " Death to Polignac !" 
 ''Death to Peyronnet !" '' Liberty or Death!" '* Vive la 
 RepubliqueP^ 
 
 A deputation of peers left Paris for St. Cloud ; but the 
 court had taken a headlong course, and perversely determined 
 on enforcing obedience to its mandates. The deputies assem- 
 bled, and were understood to have unanimously resolved that 
 the ministers had placed themselves out of the pale of the law ; 
 that the people would be justified in refusing payment of the 
 taxes ; and that all the deputies should be summoned to meet 
 on the 3d of August, the day first appointed for their convo- 
 cation. 
 
 By twelve o'clock, there were at least 6000 people in the 
 Palais Royal. The multitude was increased by printers thrown 
 out of employment from suppression of the journals, and by work- 
 men dismissed from the manufactories. The ferment rapidly 
 heightened, especially among groups of electors of 121. a-year, 
 whom the ordinance disfranchised, who listened to harangues 
 from speakers mounted on chairs. Respectable tradesmen 
 shut their shops, and hastened to the spot to hear the exhort- 
 ations of the unlicensed journals amplified and enforced at the 
 Palais Royal. One man said, '* My brothers ! Frenchmen! 
 The miserable ministry has done its worst. Will you submit 
 to be slaves? Hear what the National says to you! (He 
 read passages urging resistance.) Will you second the press ? 
 I know you will! Let us unite against our oppressors!" 
 Ansvvers of '^ Yes, yes ! we wdll, we will unite !" were loudly 
 vociferated. All the shopkeepers in tile Palais Rc\yal shut 
 up their shops. A police officer had entered a shop to com- 
 pel the taking down of a caricature, and, being beateii by the 
 proprietor, the police were hustled and attacked. 
 
 All work was abandoned, every manufactory closed, and 
 detachments of artisans, with large sticks, traversed the streets. 
 Troops of gens-d'armes patroled in full gallop to disperse the 
 accumulating crowds. The people were silent ; and in half 
 an hour the shops throughout Paris were closed. Troops of 
 the Royal-Guard, and soldiery of the line, came pouring in. 
 The people lo(fked sullen and determined. Their chief points 
 of rendezvous were the Palais Royal, the Palais de Justice, 
 and the Bourse. There were simultaneous cries of "Vive la 
 Charte !" " Down with the absolute King !" but no conversa- 
 tion — no exchange of words with each other. 
 
 The King was at the Tuileries, In the Place Carousel 
 
' REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 39 
 
 there was a station of several thousands of the military, in- 
 cluding the Lancers of the Royal Guard, with a great number 
 of cannon. At the Place Vendome, a strong guard of in- 
 fantry was stationed around the column, to guard the signs 
 of royalty upon it from being defaced. Crowds of people as- 
 sembled on the spot and menaced the troops. 
 
 About four o'clock, the prefect of police ordered the 
 Palais Royal to be cleared by the gen-d'armerie. They 
 charged with the flat of their sabres, drove out the people 
 pell mell, and the gates were closed. The chairs lying about 
 the walks in heaps were evidence of the general confusion. 
 
 Towards five o'clock there was a tumult in the Place du 
 Palais Royal. The military fired. A gen-d'arme was killed 
 by the people. A mounted gen-d'arme, going at a smart 
 trot, with a despatch, was attacked by half a dozen young 
 men, with sticks, to compel him to surrender his arms. A 
 platoon of infantry, of the same corps, was despatched to 
 rescue him, but, fearing they would be too late, they fired a 
 volley (probably in the air), the people dispersed, and the or- 
 derly returned to his post. 
 
 About seven o'clock, bodies of discharged workmen flocked 
 into Paris from the environs, and dispersed about the city. 
 The tumult and alarm increased as rapidly. — A single phrase 
 — the revocation of the ordinances — might have restored tran- 
 quillity. The only intimation from the government was the 
 arrival of fresh troops and cannon. 
 
 Armourers' shops were broken open, and the arms carried 
 off. The crov/ds assembled in the neighbourhood of the 
 Palais Royal, unpaved the Rue St. Honore, as far as the Rue 
 de I'Echelle, and, overturning a couple of large common wa- 
 gons in the middle of the narrowest part of the street, made a 
 kind of intrenchment. They then broke up stones for mis- 
 siles, and attacked an armourer's shop in the Rue de I'Echelle. 
 Some squadrons of the Lancers of the Guard charged and 
 dispersed the assailants, and finally put them to flight in the 
 Rue St. Honore. Battalions of the Royal Guard fired against 
 the Rue de I'Echelle and the church de St. Roch. It was 
 announced at those theatres which were open, that the mili- 
 tary were firing on the people, and the audiences rushed out 
 to join their fellow-citizens. In this affair several of the people 
 were killed. The lanterns for lighting Paris, by hanging them 
 from the middle of rope lines which reach from one side to the 
 other of each street, were destroyed by parties of the people, 
 who cut the lines and trod the lanterns beneath their feet. A 
 
40 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 band of artisans bore the corpse of one of their fallen cona- 
 rades through the Rue Vivienne. As they passed a Swiss 
 post, in the Rue Colbert, their cries of '* Vengeance" were 
 terrible. They took the body to the Place de la Bourse, and 
 stripped and exhibited it, surrounded by candles, and the same 
 fearful cries and shouts of ''• To arms ! to arms I" Others of 
 the slain, borne to the houses of their families, were silent but 
 irresistible exhortations to resistance. The people execrated 
 the king as the author of all the mischief. Their force was 
 not organized. There existed no conspiracy, and therefore 
 they did not act in concert. But their sentiment was the same, 
 and the common feeling portended an awful and decisive 
 strijggle. 
 
 A tradesman left his house in the uniform of the National 
 Guard, and was hailed with shouts of rapture. This uniform, 
 with the arms of its wearers, had been ordered to be given up 
 on the disbanding of the National Guard some years before. 
 Some of the citizens had retained both, and these now re- 
 sumed them in defence of the liberty of their country. 
 
 Near the Rue de I'Arbre Sec, one of the National Guard 
 was arrested. He resisted — the people flew to the rescue, and 
 the gens-d'armerie let him go : a gen-d'arme said, '' These 
 are not the orders we have received.*" The appearance of 
 the National Guard heightened the enthusiasm and increased 
 the confidence of the people. 
 
 Some of the Royal Guard quitted their casernes and joined 
 their countrymen. At ten o'clock, a guard-house of the gens- 
 d'armerie at the Place de la Bourse was attacked, the guard 
 expelled, and the guard-house set on fire. The building was 
 of wood and burned fiercely : a party of sapeurs pompiers 
 (firemen) arrived to extinguish the flames ; they were resisted 
 by the people, and allowed themselves to be disarmed. 
 
 In the course of the day, Prince Polignac was vainly fol- 
 lowed in his carriage, as an object of attack, by a crowd of 
 the incensed people. He was strongly guarded by military, 
 and proceeded to his hotel in safety. At night lie gave a grand 
 dinner to his odious colleagues, under the protection of a bat- 
 talion, and ten pieces of artillery. He had been closeted with 
 the relentless king during the greater part of the day. Neither 
 the king nor any of his ministers had dared to show themselves 
 in public for a moment. 
 
 To- lay the opinion of the English ambassador was of little 
 use to his countrymen. They saw enough to alarm them, and 
 a number left Paris with the utmost despatch. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 41 
 
 Despatches were sent by the government in every direction, 
 to hasten troops towards the capital. By the time that these 
 orders had arrived, several departments were in arms against 
 the ordinances, and the mayors and prefects obliged to throw 
 themselves on the mercy of the citizens, and to leave the ques- 
 tion of military force and military arrangement to the inhabit- 
 ants. A courier despatched to the Dutchess d'Angouleme 
 was arrested by the people, and his despatches taken from him 
 and sent to the committee of Deputies. 
 
 In the mean while, the Deputies had applied themselves to 
 consider the measures necessary to be adopted. One of their 
 resolutions was, that the National Guard should be immedi- 
 ately organized. 
 
 At this crisis, big with certain ruin to either the government 
 of. Charles X. or the liberties of the people, a momentous pa- 
 per was addressed to the Journals with a letter, dated Paris, 
 27th July, and subscribed '* By authorization, — The Secretary 
 of the Preparatory Reunion of free Frenchmen, D. M." The 
 letter began thus : — " I am charged to transmit to you, with a 
 request to insert it in your next number, the following docu- 
 nrient, which, after deliberation, was adopted this day by a nu- 
 merous assembly, met spontaneously in order to concert the 
 measures which circumstances render necessary and indispen- 
 sable, for the preservation of our rights, and the establishment 
 of a true Constitutional Government." 
 
 The document alluded to was the following : — 
 
 " MANIFESTO TO THE FRENCH — TO ALL PEOFLE — AND TO ALL 
 GOVERNMENTS. 
 
 *^ A solemn act had, in 1816, laid the basis of a reconcilia- 
 tion between the French nation and the ancient dynasty, and 
 fixed the conditions by which the chief of the Bourbon family 
 should resume and preserve the exercise of the Royal authority 
 —^reiterated oaths have, at different epochs, rendered more im- 
 perious the obligations contracted by the chiefs of this family, 
 and had made their Charter the sole title to the obedience of 
 the French. All these oaths have been violated during the 
 last sixteen years, by the establishment of a great number of 
 laws, opposed in their spirit and letter to the spirit of the Con- 
 stitutional Charter ^ but each of the attempts hitherto mad© 
 against this fundamental law had an appearance of legality, 
 and had not exceeded legislative forms, which, while they had 
 been preserved, offered the means of reparation. The French 
 
 E 
 
42 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 nation, with an equanimity which has often been called indif- 
 ference or weakness, has supported itself against all the in* 
 roads of power, and all the attacks against its rights, made by 
 the different administrations which had succeeded each other 
 under the reign of the astute Louis XVIII. as under that of 
 his successor. The national patience, instead of bringing back 
 the Government to sentiments of justice, of confidence, of bene- 
 volence, had, on the contrary, inspired it with sufficient auda- 
 city to march more openly to the overthrow of our in- 
 stitutions — to the spoliation of all our rights — ^to the re-es- 
 tablishment of those principles of Divine right, of those 
 Royal Prerogatives^ which are in opposition to the inte- 
 rests and the prerogatives of the people, which" cannot be 
 regarded otherwise than as an outrage to human reason, and 
 which England first stigmatized with her anathemas, and de- 
 stroyed by her arms. Tiie Ordonnances of the 26ih of the 
 present month, in abolishing the principal guarantees conse- 
 crated by the Coostitutional Charter, have set at naught the 
 positive terms of that Charter, and of well-considered laws, 
 adopted by the two Chambers and sanctioned by the King ac- 
 cording to legal forms, and haye at length taught the nation 
 that the Chief which she had deigned to acknowledge, not- 
 withstanding four years of vices, of corruptions, and of trea- 
 sons against his country, wished to govern it by his own will, 
 and according to the caprices of his own good pleasure. By 
 these Ordonnances the Chief of the Government Iras placed 
 himself above the Law; therefore he has put himself out 
 
 or THE PALE QE THE LAW. 
 
 '* In consequence, Charles Phillip Capet, formerly Count 
 of Artois, has ceased in rigiit to be King of France ; the 
 French are released from all their obligations to him in that 
 character. All the Ordonnances which he may promulge will 
 be, like those of the 25th, null, and as if they never bad been 
 given. The Ministers composing the Government of the Ex- 
 King, named Polignao, Peyronnet, Montbel, d'Haussez, 
 DE Chantelauze and Guernon Ranville, are declared at- 
 tainted and convicted of high-treason. It is the duty of all 
 Frenchmen to resist, by every means in their power, the orders 
 of Charles Phillip Capet, or his agents, under whatever 
 denomination they may present themselves — to refuse payment 
 of all imposts, and to take arms, if it should be necessary, to 
 put an end to a Government de facto, and to establish a new 
 Government (iejwre. 
 
 *' The army is released from its oaths of fidelity to the Ex- 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 43 
 
 King — its country invokes its concurrence. Charles Phil* 
 LIP Capet, his self-styled Ministers, or Counsellors, their abet- 
 tors and adherents, the Generals, the Chiefs of Regiments and 
 Officers, are responsible for every effusion of blood resulting from 
 the resistance of the Government de facto to the national will. 
 
 "Louis Phillip of Orleans, Duke of Orleans, is called upon 
 to fulfil, under the present circumstances, the duties which are 
 imposed upon him, and to concur with his fellow-citizens in 
 the re-establishment of a Constitutional Government; and, on 
 his refusal to do so, he must, with his family, quit the French 
 territory until the perfect consolidation of the new Govern- 
 ment has been effected. 
 
 '« Voted in Session at Paris, 27th day of July, 1830. 
 (Signed) " T. S. Provisional President. 
 
 '' G. de M. > Provisional 
 "J. du D. 3 Secretaries." 
 
 By whom this paper was drawn up, or issued, does not ap- 
 pear. Although names were not attached to it, yet such a 
 manifesto, if circulated in Paris, at such a perilous moment, 
 was calculated to strengthen the desire of the irritated people 
 for the dethronement of Charles X., whose person, and family, 
 and favourites, afforded the active elements of vexatious and 
 tyrannical misrule. 
 
 WEDNESDAY, JULY 28. 
 
 The Press did its work yesterday — it thoroughly aroused the 
 people, and this was an eventful day. 
 
 It is proper, however, to notice thus early that the ordinance 
 against the press was the subject of legal investigation this 
 morning. 
 
 A case was submitted to the Tribunal of Commerce on a 
 question between Messrs. De Lsipelouze and Chatelain, editors 
 of the Courrier Franqais^ and M. Gaultier Laguionie, printer of 
 that Journal, who, in pursuance of a notice of the prefect of 
 police, issued in conformity with the royal ordinance of the 25th 
 instant, had refused to print that journal until a license was ob- 
 tained. After hearing the ^ opective parties and their coun- 
 sel, the court pronounced the following judgment : — *' Consi- 
 dering that, by an agreement between the parties, Gaultier La- 
 guionie bad bound himself to print for the editors of the jour- 
 
44 ANNAls OF THE 
 
 nal entitled the Courrier Franqais^ and that all agreements 
 legally entered into ought to be carried into effect, it is in vain 
 for M. Gaultier Laguionie to withdraw from the obligation he 
 had taken upon himself, on the ground of a notice from the pre- 
 fect of police, enjoining him to execute the ordinance of the 
 25th, which ordinance, being contrary to the Charter, could not 
 be obligatory either upon the sacred and inviolable person of the 
 khig or upon the citizens whose rights it attacks f considering, 
 farther, that, according to the forms of the Charter, ordinances 
 can only be issued for the purpose of executing and maintain- 
 ing the laws, and that the above ordinance, on the contrary, 
 would have the effect of violating the provisions of the law of 
 28th of July, 1828 ; the tribunal ordains and decrees that the 
 agreement between the parties shall be carried into effect, and 
 consequently condemns, par cqrps^ Gaultier Laguionie to print 
 the Courrier Franqais within tw^enty-four hours, and in case of 
 failure in doing so, reserves the right of the editors to sue for 
 damages ; orders the decree to be carried into temporary ex- 
 ecution upon the minutes, and notwithstanding any appeal ; 
 and also condemns the defendant in all costs of the suit." 
 
 The Moniteur of this morning did not contain any thing re- 
 lative to the late measures, or to the state of Paris, except that 
 the king, by an ordinance of the 25th instant, had given to the 
 Marshal Duke of Ragusa the command of all the troops forming 
 the first military division. 
 
 Galignani's Messenger appeared, and merely announced 
 that tumultuous assemblages had taken place, but that the go- 
 vernment would put them down by force. 
 
 This morning, the shops of Paris were closely shut, and the 
 windows fastened and barred, as if the inhabitants of the city 
 were in mourning for the slain, or in apprehension of approach- 
 ing calamity. 
 
 The tocsin sounded, and the people flocked in from the faux- 
 bourgs and different quarters of the city. 
 
 That exterminable enemy to oppression, the press, had been 
 at work during the night. Handbills were profusely distributed,, 
 containing vehement philippics against the king and his minis- 
 ters, and summoning every man to arm for his country, and ta 
 aid in ejecting the Bourbons. Placards were constantly posted 
 up, and eagerly read. 
 
 During the preceding night an organization of the people had 
 been arranged. 
 
 All the arms that could be found at the theatres, and re- 
 naaining in the shops of armourers thi^t he^diioVheen visited tM 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 45 
 
 evening before, were seized and distributed. Every other kind 
 of property was respected. 
 
 Small parties of the mihtary were stopped and disarmed by 
 the multitude, and the soldiers confined. 
 
 Numbers of the National Guard in uniform, and with arm?, 
 
 paced the streets, and were allowed to pass by the gens-d'arme- 
 
 rie : — not a word was spoken ; they merely exchanged looks. 
 
 No vehicles were in the streets ; they were interdicted, and 
 
 their passage rendered impracticable. 
 
 Strong detachments guarded the different hotels of the mi- 
 nisters. 
 
 Loud cries and shouts were constantly heard of " Down 
 with the Jesuits!"— ^* Down with the Bourbons !" — " Death to 
 the ministers." 
 
 Each man strove to provide himself with a musket, a pistol, 
 a sword, a pole with a knife or some cuttinginstrument to form 
 a weapon of offence. The greater part had bludgeons ; a few 
 had rifles. 
 
 Troops continually arrived from St. Denis, St. Cloud, and 
 other military stations. 
 
 Rude barricades were hastily thrown up in different places 
 to prevent the attacks of cavalry. 
 
 Several telegraphs, including that on the church d'es Petits 
 Peres, were dismounted. 
 
 Groups of the people armed with sticks, bayonets, pikes, and 
 muskets, removed or effaced all the insign^^a and emblems of 
 royalty. A red flag was hoisted on the gate of St. Denis, 
 amid the shouts of the people. Tri-coloured flags were pro- 
 menaded in the streets, and tri-coloured cockades and breast- 
 knots were worn not only by the French, but by the English 
 and foreigners of all nations, The royal arms and other signs 
 of the government of Charles X. that were moveable were 
 burned in the Place Publiqne, 
 
 All Paris was in insurrection. Every movement of the peo- 
 ple portended a terrible conflict. The government reposed 
 in security upon a crippled, blind, drid implacable dignity. 
 
 An ambassador wrote to Prince Polignac to ask a guard, in 
 order that the servants of the embassy might go out without 
 danger. '* I have no time to write to the ambassador," said 
 the prince to the bearer of the letter ; '« but you may assure 
 him that all this is nothing! in two hours every thing fvill be 
 quiet !" * 
 
 . The following document was in the course of signature by 
 the representatives. 
 
 E 2 
 
46 ANNALS OF THIJ 
 
 PROTEST OF THE DEPUTIES. 
 
 " The undersigned, regularly elected deputies by the CoP 
 leges of Arrondissements, by virtue of the royal ordinance of 
 
 the , and conformably to the constitutional Charter, and to 
 
 the laws relative to elections of the , and who are now at 
 
 Paris, 
 
 *' Consider themselves as absolutely obliged by their du- 
 ties and their honour to protest against the measures which the 
 advisers of the crown have lately caused to be proclaimed for 
 the overthrow of the legal system of elections, and the ruin of 
 the liberty of the press. 
 
 " The same measures contained in the ordinances of the 
 
 are, in the opinion of the undersigned, directly contrary to the 
 constitutional rights of the Chamber of Peers, to the public 
 rights of the^ French, to the attributes and to the decrees of the 
 tribunals, and calculated to throw the state into a confusion 
 which equally endangers the peace of the present moment and 
 the security of the future. 
 
 " In consequence, the undersigned, inviolably faithful to 
 their oath, protest in concert, not only against the said mea- 
 sures, but against all the acts which may result from them. 
 
 "And considering, on the one hand, that the Chamber of 
 Deputies, not having been constituted, could not be legally dis- 
 solved, on the other, that the attempt to form a new Chamber 
 of Deputies in a novel and arbitrary manner is directly opposed 
 to the constitutional Charter arid to the acquired rights of the 
 electors, the undersigned declare that they still consider them- 
 selves as legally elected the deputation by the Colleges of the 
 arrondissements and departments whose suffrages they have 
 obtained, and as incapable of being replaced except by virtue 
 of elections made according to the principles and forms pre- 
 scribed by the laws. And if the undersigned do not effectively 
 exercise the rights nor perform all the duties which they de- 
 rive from their legal election, it is because they are hindered 
 by absolute violence." 
 
 Among those who signed this protest were, 
 
 MM. MM. 
 
 L'Abbe de PoMPiERE. Andre GoLLoT. 
 
 Sebastiani. Gaetan de la Rochefoucauld . 
 
 Mechin. Mauguin. 
 
 Perrier (Cassimir). Bernard. 
 
 GurzoT. VoisiN de Gartempe. 
 
 AuDBY de Puyraveau. Froidefond de Bellisle. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 
 
 4T 
 
 MM. 
 
 ViLLEMAIN. 
 
 DiDOT (Firmin). 
 
 Daunou. 
 
 Persil. 
 
 ViLLEMOT. 
 
 De la RiBoissiERE. 
 BoNDY (Comte de). 
 Dtjris-Dufresne. 
 GiROD de TAiN. 
 
 LaISNE de la ViLLEVEQUE. 
 
 Delessert (Benjamin). 
 
 Marchal. 
 
 Nau de Champ-louis. 
 
 Comte de Lobatj. 
 
 Baron Louis. 
 
 MiLLAUX. 
 
 EsTouRMEL (Comte d'), 
 
 Montguyon (Comte de). 
 
 Levaillant. 
 
 Tronchon. 
 
 Gerard (le General). 
 
 Lafitte (Jacques). 
 
 Garcias. 
 
 dugas montbel. 
 
 Camille Perier. 
 
 MM. 
 Alexandre Delaborde. 
 Jacques Lefebvre. 
 Mathieu Dumas. 
 
 EUSEBE SaLVERTE. 
 
 De Poulmer. 
 Hernoux. 
 Chardel. 
 Bavoux. 
 Charles Dupin. 
 
 HeL^ d'HoYSSEL. 
 
 Eugene d'HARcouRT, 
 Baillot. 
 
 General Lafayette. 
 Georges Lafayette, 
 Jouven€el. 
 Bertin de Vaux. 
 Comte de Lameth. 
 Berard. 
 duchaffaut. 
 
 Auguste de Saint-Aignan. 
 Keratry. 
 Ternaux. 
 Jacques Odier. 
 Benjamin Constant. 
 &c. &c. ^c. 
 
 Vassal. 
 
 A Deputation was formed of the following eminent Depu- 
 ties : — Messrs. General Gerard, Count de Lobau, Lafitte, Cas- 
 simir Perrier, and Manguin. Amid the fire of musketry they 
 went to the Marshal Duke- of Ragusa. M. Lafitte repre- 
 sented to the Marshal the deplorable state of the capital, blood 
 flowing in all directions, the musketry firing as in a town taken 
 by storm. He made him personally responsible, in the name 
 of the assembled Deputies of France, for the fatal conse- 
 quences of so melancholy an event. 
 
 The Marshal replied — " The honour of a soldier is obe- 
 dience." '' And civil honour," replied M. Lafitte, " is not ta 
 massacre the citizens." The Marshal said, *^ But, gentlemen^ 
 what are the conditions you propose ?" " Without judging 
 too highly of our influence, we think that we can be answer- 
 able that every thing will return to order on the following con- 
 ditions I — The revocation of the illegal Ordinances of the 25tb 
 
4B ANNALS OF THE 
 
 of July, the dismissal of the Ministers, and the convocation of 
 the Chambers on the 3d of August." 
 
 The Marshal replied that, as a citizen, he might perhaps not 
 disapprove, nay even might participate in the opinions of the 
 Deputies, but that as a soldier he had his orders, and he had 
 only to carry them into execution — that, however, he engaged 
 to submit these proposals to the King in half an hour. 
 
 " But," said the Marshal, *^ if you wish, gentlemen, to have 
 a conference on the subject with M. de Polignac, he is close 
 at hand, and I will go and ask him if he can receive you." 
 
 A quarter of an hour passed, the Marshal returned with his 
 countenance much changed, and told the Deputies that M. de 
 Polignac had declared to him that the conditions proposed 
 rendered any conference useless. 
 
 <' We have then civil war," said M. Lafitte. The Marshal 
 bowed, and the Deputies retired. 
 
 It had been known among the people that the Deputies 
 were to have a communication with the Dukeof Ragusa ; and 
 during the conference and for some short time after, though 
 the public feeling was intense, the assembled multitude was 
 perfectly still, and mixed freely with the troops. As soon, 
 however, as Polignac's answer was made known, *Uhat Minis- 
 ters would enter into no compromise or concession," war, and 
 war to the knife, commenced ; and never were witnessed more 
 heroic acts of personal bravery, and more generous disregard 
 of selfish feelings, than were displayed by the citizens of Paris 
 on this memorable day and night. . " 
 
 The people were induced to maintain their right to the in- 
 estimable blessings of a free press, and good government, by 
 the only argument to which despotism yields. The drums of 
 tlfe National Guard beat ^' to arms!" The populace an- 
 swered the call amid the incessant ringing of the tocsin, and 
 the struggle began in earnest. — About two o'clock, a cannon, 
 on the bridge near the Marche aux Fleurs, raked with grape- 
 shot the quay, and the troops were resolutely attacked by the 
 people, and several of the guards led off killed or wounded. 
 Many unlucky citizens, who ventured into places exposed 
 to the. fire, suffered for their temerity. A studious-looking, 
 person, quietly walking the quay with folded arms, was 
 struck dead by a shot from the other side of the river. At 
 the corner of an adjoining street lay an old man, with 
 his back to the wall, apparently sleeping composedly in 
 the midst ofihe loudest discharges of musketry ; a wound 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 49 
 
 was gaping in his breast, and the blood bubbled up — he was 
 dead. 
 
 There was a tremendous fight in La Halle, the great market- 
 place of the Rue St. Denis. The Royal Guard were early in 
 possession of it. All the outlets were speedily closed by bar- 
 ricades, from behind which, from the corners of the various 
 streets, and from the windows of the houses, the people blazed 
 on the guards, and there was a terrible slaughter on both 
 sides. The hottest engagement seems to have been in the 
 Rue St. Honore, opposite the Palais Royal, where the military 
 were in great force, and the people resisted their assailants 
 with desperate determination. 
 
 At the Place de Greve they fiercely contended with the 
 mercenaries of the palace, the Swiss Guards, and compelled 
 them to fly with great loss. 
 
 But the most obstinate contention was for the possession of 
 the Hotel de Ville, the Guildhall of Paris. It was lost and 
 won repeatedly in the course of the day. 
 
 Furious engagements took place at the Ports St. Denis and 
 St. Martin, in the Rue St. Martin, on the quays, in the Boule- 
 vards, and at the Place Vendome. 
 
 In the Rue Montmartre an attack was made by the Duke 
 de Ragusa in person. During part of the day the Place des 
 Victoires was occupied by some troops, among whom was a 
 part of the 5th regiment of the line, who had long gone over 
 to the National Guards established at the Petits Peres. About 
 two o'clock, the Duke de Ragusa arrived at the Place at the 
 head of fresh troops. He drew them up opposite the Rues 
 du Mail, des Foss^s^^ontmartre, Croix des Petits Champs, 
 and Neuve des Petits Champs. He immediately commanded a 
 charge, and on both sides several men were killed or wounded. 
 The Marshal directed his troops down the Rue du Mail, and 
 scoured the Rue Montmartre without much difliculty till they 
 reached the Rue Joquelet, where the people were prepared. 
 Each house was armed and guarded. The black flag was 
 displayed on the Porte St. Denis and other edifices.. 
 
 For extended particulars recourse must be had to the 
 accounts furnished by the letters of persons who were eye- 
 witnesses of the conflicts. 
 
 One of these letter-writers says, " I was in town early in the 
 morning, and found not only the people armed in considerable 
 numbers^ but the National Guard was forming in all quarters.. 
 In breaking up this body, the government had forgotten to 
 take their arms. The Hotel de Ville was forced and occupied 
 
60 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 1 
 
 lict tod^^ 
 
 by a party early this day, and the most tremendous conflict 
 place between the besieged and a regiment of Swiss and the 
 Royal Guard, who occupied the Place de Greve and the Quais. 
 Thousands of people poured in their lire on the exposed 
 troops. They had armed themselves from the arsenal, which 
 had been taken €arly in the morning, and from different guard- 
 rooms of the gens-d'armerie and troops, which had been pil- 
 laged and burned in the course of the night. The Hotel de 
 Ville is riddled with balls^ but was never retaken; — I saw a 
 great part of this %ht from the opposite side of the river, 
 where I vi^as, au Marche aux Fleurs ; close to me was a de- 
 tachment 9f the 5th of the line, who refused to fire. As4;he 
 artillery was coming up on my side of the river, to endeavour 
 with their cannon to clear the Place de Greve, I crossed over 
 by the Pont St, Michael, creeping down along the balustrades 
 of the bridge, and luckily got over without mischief. The 
 balls whistled over me like hailstones. From thence I was 
 obliged to get into the nari-ow streets, where I was repeatedly 
 put into requisition to help to build up barricadoes with the 
 paving stones, and was sometimes in great danger ; one poor 
 devil fell upon me, killed by a ball in the forehead. In walk- 
 ing quietly along in front of the grand fagade of the Louvre, 
 where there was no fighting, suddenly one of the National 
 Guard fell close to me from a shot from the windows of the 
 Louvre." 
 
 The annexed statement is from a second letter writer :— -'*At 
 an early hour I proceeded to town by the Avenue de Neuilly^ 
 and the Champs Elysees, to the neighbourhood of the Tuileriesv 
 Every shop was shut, all business was #iat a stand, and from 
 distance to distance along the streets numerous groups were 
 to be seen in earnest conversation, receiving and communi- 
 cating rumours which were every where afloat. Gn reaching 
 the Boulevard I saw, for the first time, a single individual step 
 out from his house, accoutred with the arms, and dressed in 
 the full uniform, of the suppressed National Guard. I could 
 not avoid regarding his appearance, in this isolated situation^ 
 as an act of boldness and heroism ^ above all Greek-^above 
 all Roman fame.' The value of the example was instantly 
 appreciated by the groups of the yet unarmed citizens, who 
 now studded the streets and Boulevards. At every turn he was 
 greeted with the cheering shouts of—' Vive la brave Garde / 
 Vive la Garde Nationale!^ It was not long until he was joined 
 by others,, who, though less perfectly equipped, were not less 
 jealously devoting themselves to the cause of liberty, and ta 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 51 
 
 tlie preservation of the public peace. I had occasion also to 
 go to the post-office ; but, on walking up the. Rue de Marche 
 St. Honore, 1 observed at the upper end of the market-place, 
 through the intervals of the small groups of people who were 
 standing in the street, the glancing of arms, and in an instant 
 afterward I perceived that the street was stopped up by a party 
 of the Royal Guard, who had formed themselves across it. 
 By this time I was within less than thirty yards of the front of 
 the platoon. A number of individuals, perhaps not more than 
 twenty, were still between me and the soldiery ; so unconscious 
 was 1 of immediate danger that I heard the word 'feu^ given. 
 I saw the line of pieces levelled, but even then, although there 
 was no time for flight, the idea of danger did not occur to me, 
 from the perfectly quiet and inoffensive appearance of the 
 people in the market-place exposed to the fire. My first impres- 
 sion on hearing the volley, which was given with the utmost 
 precision, and on finding myself untouched, was, that the arms 
 of the men had not been shotted, and that the only object of 
 the military was to produce intimidation. In another instant, 
 however, I was sadly disabused of this too charitable supposi- 
 tion. Two men fell close by me, the one gasping jn agony, 
 the other quite dead ; and, on looking around me, it was mat- 
 ter of great surprise that these two were the only victims of 
 this cool-blooded and atrocious piece of violence. With the 
 others who escaped I retired into the adjoining booths in the 
 ^narket-place. The man who w^as killed proved to be a gar- 
 dener frequenting the market : the other w^as a stranger ; but, 
 as he had staggered a step or two towards the side of the 
 street opposite to that to v/hich I had retired, I heard no more 
 of him. I must say, however, that if it was the object of those 
 who directed the massacre to break down the spirit of the 
 people, and to reduce them to a state of abject submission to 
 arbitrary power, the purpose, in every instance which I had an 
 opportunity of observing, was signally defeated by the very 
 measures to which they have themselves had recourse. The 
 union and strength of the popular cause, and the known weak- 
 ness of the government, every where excited a spirit which 
 could not have been overcome even by the temporary triumph 
 of the troops, and which, now that it has been attended with a 
 greater and a more prompt success than could have been anti- 
 cipated, will not, I trust, be abused by any of those violent 
 reactions which too often follow a successful popular insur- 
 rection. Insurrection, however, is a word which, in the ordi- 
 nary sense of the term, can scarcely be applied to a case, like 
 
52 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 the present, of resistance to actual oppression, and of veti« 
 geance on the instruments employed in the slaughter of unof- 
 fending citizens. Having failed in my object of proceeding to 
 the post-office, I directed my steps towards the prefecture of 
 police, for the purpose of endeavouring to procure passports ; 
 but on the way I ascertained that that quarter of the town was 
 already the scene of a violent struggle, and that the Hotel de 
 Ville, which is not far distant, was the leading object of attack 
 on the part of the armed populace and the National Guard, 
 which had already mustered in considerable numbers. On 
 passing through the Place Louis XVI., on my way to the Bar- 
 riere, I found it encumbered with troops of all arms. A regi- 
 ment of the Guard had just arrived from Versailles : a strong 
 park of artillery had taken up its position along the garden 
 front of the Tuileries ; and the other parts o^ the place, which 
 during the last revolution was distinguished by so many atro- 
 cities, was filled with several regiments of cavalry, the men 
 having been allowed to dismount, but every one standing by 
 his horse's head, prepared on the first word of command to be 
 again in his saddle. In place of seeking for by-paths as I 
 had formerly done, I now thought it safest to tread my way 
 through the middle of the troops, and without any serious im- 
 pediment reached Neuilly." 
 
 A letter from another eye-witness is still more descriptive. 
 He says, — 
 
 " I hastened at an early hour to the General Post-Office, 
 Rue Jean Jacques Rousseau, and I found the building com- 
 paratively deserted ; the clerks had not arrived — no one was 
 there to conduct the business of the establishment ; all was 
 terror and alarm. I had not remained there long before a 
 party of the young students of the Ecole Polytechnique arrived, 
 armed, and in military order. Some mounted guard, others 
 took possession of the Bureaus — all resolved on maintaining 
 order and on preventing pillage. When order was established, 
 I proceeded to the Place Louis XVI., traversing the Rue Bt. 
 Honore, Louvre, and Place du Carousel. At the Palais Royal, 
 the people were maintaining a brisk fire against the Royal 
 Guards and Lancers. In the Place du Carousel the troops 
 were assembled and assembling, and it was every where stated 
 that the ministers were assembled at the Tuileries. The gardens 
 of the Tuileries were closed. A few infantryrnounted guard. 
 Aloilg the quay all was comparative tranquillity. In the Place 
 Louis XVI. a party of artillery were stationed, and some troops 
 of the line ; there were six pieces of cannon. I proceeded to- 
 
ilEVOLTjtlON IN FRANCE, 1830. 53 
 
 Wards the hotel of the British ambassador — all shops were closed 
 — each man was arming himself; a general slaughter seemed in- 
 evitable if the troops remained. Early in the morning, how- 
 ever, the 5th regiment of the line went over to the people, and 
 afterward fouglit side by side with them. I then proceeded to 
 the Boulevard de la Madeline. The people were assembling, 
 and with large clubs were destroying all the lanterns or rever 
 beres. This they did in order that when night came on they 
 might profit by the darkness to fire upon the troops. On the 
 Boulevard 1 was run down by a party of gens-d'armes, and 
 compelled to take to f!ight. Immediately afterward news ar- 
 rived that General Gerard was leading tiie people and two re- 
 giments of the line which had gone over to the popular cause, 
 and were proceeding to the Place Vendome. The news was 
 true. I joined the mob near the Rue Richelieu, and pro- 
 ceeded down the Rue de la Paix to the Place Vendome. The 
 Place Vendome was in the occupation of the King's troops, 
 who fired upon us. Women and children, however, remained 
 by our side. No one gave way. All exclaimed, ' Brave 
 General Gerard, we will never forsake you V The mass rushed 
 on to the Place Vendome— routed the troops— took possession 
 of the ammunition—and hoisted the tri-coloured cockade and 
 flag. The people then rushed along the Rue St. Honore, to 
 attack, by a back street, the hotel of Prince Polignac ; but six 
 pieces of loaded cannon stared them in the face^ and for a mo- 
 ment the people retired. The noise of the roaring of cannon 
 in the direction of the Porte St. iVIartin then attracted attention, 
 and all rushed to that spot. Artillery, cavalry, and infantry- 
 were there assembled : bat all were ineffectual. I proceeded 
 to the Rue St. Martin. Every man was armed. Women 
 were occupied with their children in unpaving the streets, and 
 carrying the great stones into the houses in order to shower 
 down upon and crush the military. Enthusiasm was at its 
 highest pitch. The military were routed and dispersed in that 
 direction — as also in the direction of the Rue St. Denis, and 
 the people became masters of two pieces of cannon. I saw 
 upwards of fifty citizens shot within twenty yards of where I 
 stood near the port St. Martin, and more than 100 soldiers. 
 The Royal Guards were here defeated, and the Swiss cut to 
 pieces. When the popular party were victorious in this quar- 
 ter, we all rushed to the Hotel de Ville. The brave and ani- 
 mated youth of the Polytechnic School were there. The Swiss 
 were in possession of the hotel, and hundreds of the citizens 
 were slain every half hour. The contest lasted two hours. 
 
 F 
 
54 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 The people at last entered the hotel, fought manfully, foot 
 to foot and hand to hand, against the Swiss troops, in the inte- 
 rior of the building, and for a time were masters. But a regi- 
 ment of the line arrived ; Lancers, Royal Guards, Artillery, and 
 gens-d'armes also presented themselves, and in their turn the 
 people wer^ defeated, and at nightfall the Hotel de Ville was 
 in possession of the King's troops. At least 700 persons lost 
 their Uves on Wednesday in this affair of the Hotel de Vilie. 
 Troops now continued to pour in on all sides, and Paris was 
 in a state of siege. A provisional goyernment was now an- 
 nounced. Geneneral Lafayette and General Gerard put them- 
 selves at the head of the National Guard. In less than three 
 hours the National Guard mustered 30,000, and had six pieces 
 of artillery in their possession." 
 
 M. Collard, one of the combatants on this day, residing on 
 the Rue Mortellerie, at the corner of the Place de Greve, re- 
 lates, that " about one o'clock in the afternoon, a party of the 
 royal guards and of Swiss, to the number of nearly 800 men, 
 debouching by the Quay, appeared on the Place de Greve. A 
 brisk fire commenced, but the National Guards, not being in 
 sufficient strength, were obliged to give ground, and to suffer 
 the Royal Guards to take possession of their post. The Royal 
 Guards had scarcely made themselves masters of the Hotel de 
 Ville, when they were assailed on all sides with a shower of 
 bullets from the windows of the houses on the Place de Greve, 
 and in the streets abutting on the Quay. The Royal Guards 
 resisted vigorously, and killed many more in number than were 
 killed of themselves. But still they were dislodged, and di- 
 rected a murderous retreat along the quay, their firing by files 
 and by platoons succeeding each other with astonishing rapid- 
 ity. They were soon joined by fresh troops of the Royal 
 Guard and of Swiss, including 100 cuirassiers of the Guard, 
 and four pieces of artillery, each of them escorted by a dozen 
 artillerymen on horseback. With this terrible reinforcement, 
 they again advanced on the Hotel de Ville, and a frightful 
 firing began on all sides. The artillery debouching from the 
 Quay, and charged with cannister shot, swept the Place de 
 Greve in a terrific manner. Mountains of dead bodies covered 
 that immense place. They succeeded in driving the citizens 
 into the Rues de Matroit and du Mouton, and entered for the 
 second time that day into their position at the Hotel de Ville. 
 But their possession of it did not continue long ; for they were 
 soon again attacked with a perseverance and courage truly 
 sublime, and almost irresistible. Their artillery, ranged before 
 
DEVOLUTION IN PRANCE, 1830. 56 
 
 the Prefecture of the Seine and the Hotel de Ville, threatened 
 .death to thousands. The repeated charges of the cuirassiers 
 were violent, but the citizens did not give way. Immoveable 
 in their position, they expected and received death, with cries 
 of " Vive la Libert e ! — Vive la Charte!''^ Their heroic and 
 generous efforts proved fatal to many. The heaps of dead bo- 
 dies showed the diminution in the numbers of the people. They 
 would perhaps have been defeated, had it not been for one of 
 those little accidents which sometimes occur in such circum- 
 stances, and which decided the victory in their favour. A 
 young man, bearing in his hand a tri-coloured flag, advanced 
 under a shower of bullets upon the suspended bridge which 
 joins the Greve to the Quay of the city, and mounting to the 
 fagade of the pillar on the side of the Greve, he there planted 
 the national colours. The sight of the flag of liberty reani- 
 mated the courage of the brave French. They returned to the 
 charge with new ardour. But unfortunately, at the first fire 
 of the Guards, the brave young man was struck by one of their 
 bullets. He rolled down to the foot of the ladder which he 
 had so bravely mounted, and his lifeless body fell into the 
 Seine. It was then, that in their rage and courage, forgetting 
 every thing but the disaster of their brave brother, the besiegers 
 rushed on the assassins, got possession of their artillery, and 
 discharged it against them. From that time the victory was 
 not doubtful. The cause of liberty had triumphed, but it cost 
 the country much noble blood — 1200 having been either killed 
 or wounded, of those who had generously taken arms for the 
 defence of their liberties and of their country. ^ Grand and 
 noble victory!' thy country hath paid dearly for thee. Let us 
 hope that the liberty which thou hast acquired for us will not 
 again be taken from us. Let us hope that no sacrilegious tyrant 
 will again lay his impious hands upon our institutions. The sol- 
 diers of the ci'devant king lost on that murderous day about 
 600 men, four pieces of artillery, and 40 horses. The house, 
 No. 1 of the Place de I'Hotel de Yille, at th^ corner of the Quai 
 Pelletier and of the Place de Gr^ve, has been riddled with 
 bullets. All the glass has been broken ; the corner and front 
 of the house has been beaten down and destroyed by the artil- 
 lery of the Prefecture. The house, No. 3, Rue de Mouton, 
 have been thrown down under the Port Cochere by the cannon- 
 balls. The houses in the vicinitv have also been riddled with 
 bullets." 
 
56 
 
 AKNALS OF THE 
 
 When the Deputies were informed that Polignac refused to 
 listen to their proposition, his determination was communicated 
 to the inhabitants ; at the same time, they received notice that 
 reinforcements of troops were arriving, that hostihties would be 
 commenced by the mihtary forthwith, and that, therefore, it 
 was indispensable to fortify the houses as quickly and as well 
 as possible. This intimation of the unrelenting disposition of 
 the heartless government confirmed the people in their resolu- 
 tion to win freedom or die in the struggle. Instruments that 
 could become weapons of offence were converted to that pur- 
 pose. Brickbats and stones were carried into the upper 
 rooms, and piled in heaps for hurling on the soldiery, and the 
 fiower-pots were devoted to the same end. Paving was ripped 
 up and broken with hammers by old men that could not turn 
 out, and by the women and children. The gates and doors 
 w^ere kept open to afford places of momentary retreat to the 
 people from the charges of the military. Bullets were openly 
 cast in the shops by the daughters of respectable tradesmen, 
 while their fathers were fighting in the streets. These shops 
 were ammunition stores ; bullets were given to all that came, 
 hot from the moulds ; and the girls went on casting, while their 
 wounded friends were brought in and laid on mattresses, previ- 
 ously prepared and spread out for the disabled that might need 
 succour. 
 
 A little after eleven o'clock, Rothschild's establishment was 
 suddenly closed, in consequence of the approach of a body of 
 the people, armed and preceded by drums and fifes, marching 
 towards the hotel. They assaulted the gates, the porter opened 
 them, spoke mildly to the assailants, and they marched away in 
 good hmnour. 
 
 About twelve, a body of at least 5000 cavalry were at the 
 Palace of Deputies ; there w^as a detachment from these of a 
 body of gens-d'armes in pursuit of a crowd of men with blud- 
 geons ; they charged them with the fiat of the sword, and 
 took aw^ay their sticks. 
 
 At two o'clock, volleys of musketry and a tremendous roar 
 of cannon announced that hostilities were raging against the 
 armed citizens. 
 
 The sittings of the courts of Justice were broken up. The 
 Bourse was shut, and destined for a prison for the disarmed and 
 captured military. 
 
 The pupils of the Polytechnic School came among the peo- 
 ple, and directed their evolutions. 
 
 Many of the Swiss Guards were exposed to massacre ; for 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 67 
 
 they were thrown upon the mercy of the people. By singular 
 mismanagement, they arrived in small detachments of about 
 twenty, which were rushed upon and surrounded by crowds of 
 200 or 300, who demanded their muskets. They threw them 
 into the hands of their victors, who in no instance maltreated 
 an individual of this obnoxious force ; but on the contrary, as 
 it was necessary to secure them, the people put a long loaf 
 under the arm of each prisoner, and marched them alloif to the 
 Bourse, which was turned into a place of confinement, and kept 
 by the National Guard. 
 
 The people were sometimes destitute of ammunition. Only 
 certain shops were licensed to sell gunpowder, and each was 
 restricted to a very small stock. Tke little in these places was 
 quickly secured, but it was trifling compared with what was 
 consumed and wanted. Some was brought from the Polytech- 
 nic School by the pupils, and some had been found in the 
 guard-houses destroyed the night before. 
 
 The National Guard gradually formed themselves into com- 
 panies, and bravely withstood the musketry and bayonet of the 
 troops of the palace, and at every opportunity harangued the 
 soldiers, exhorting them to remember that they were making 
 war on their countrymen. Every individual of the National 
 Guard that turned out was a volunteer of the first class in the 
 deadly strife for liberty. Their services could not be com- 
 manded, and were scarcely expected. Half of the people 
 whom they aided were not armed ; they saw men giving their 
 bodies and limbs to increase the awful struggle for liberty, and, 
 as they had themselves contended for it, they now, although 
 disbanded, once more took up arms for the good old cause. 
 
 When the bridges were raked by the cannon, the people re- 
 treated to the colonnades, waited till the military came over, ,* 
 and enfiladed and fired upon them from behind the pillars and 
 recesses. 
 
 On a place, or street, being left clear by the absence of the 
 military, the people instantly drilled, and taught the inexperi- 
 enced how to fall in, keep in line, wheel to the left and rights 
 and march. 
 
 The Rue St. Honore, the Rue Richelieu, and the principal 
 scenes of action, were strewed with broken glass. Immense 
 quantities of bottles had been thrown from the window^s at the 
 military, and served the double purpose of missiles, at the mo- 
 ment, against the soldiers, and annoyances to the horses of the 
 cavalry. 
 
 So early as ten in the morning, shots were beginning to be 
 
 F2 
 
58 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 frequent ; a symptom of open war, on the part of the peopte, 
 showed itself in a bonfire at the end of the Rue St. Denis, 
 made of the window-shutters of the printer of a journal of the 
 Court. The National Guard, in an old uniform of blue, with 
 red facings, belts once white, but now tawny, and rusty fire- 
 locks, were cheered heartily with the cry, " Vivela Garde Na- 
 tionale .'" One or two, by their awkward manner of carrying 
 their muskets, or by iosin-g their caps, too big for the heads 
 they surmounted, excited also the mirth of the people. They 
 were repairing towards the Hotel de Ville, which, during the 
 day, was taken and retaken more than once, and on each at- 
 tack was vigorously assailed, and as stoutly maintained. The 
 fire of the defenders, from the upper parts of the building, was 
 sharp end loud on the air ; while the deeper boom ! boom 1 of 
 the cannon thundered from below. The fa9ade, and the front 
 of the opposite houses, particularly one at the extremity of the 
 Rue la Vannerie, attest, by many a star, the fierceness of the 
 engagements. The ports St. Martin and St. Denis, the Rue 
 St. Honore, &.c. bear the like honourable testimony to the va- 
 lour of the people. 
 
 The 5th regiment were ordered '' to make ready I" to 
 fire on the people on the Boulevard. They obeyed the 
 order, and waited for the word " present l" It was given, and 
 they turned their pieces on their colonel, waiting for singu- 
 lar coolness for the wojd ^' fire !" He is said to have imme- 
 diately broken his sword upon his knee, torn off" his epaulets, 
 and i;etired. The people threw themselves into the arms of 
 the soldiers, who received their embrace, but maintained their 
 position. ^' Vive la Ligne /" was afterward a constant excla- 
 mation with the people. 
 
 When the cavalry of the Guard charged for the first time, an 
 officer belonging to a squadron cried out to the people, with 
 tears in his eyes, '' For the love of God, in the name of Heaven, 
 go to your homes 1" When the Gardes du corps were ordered 
 to fire from their hotel on the Quay Orsai, they must have le- 
 velled their pieces above the heads of the people ; for no indi- 
 vidual fell or was wounded. In the streets they appeared to 
 feel they were on a grievous duty. They were no way elated, 
 but seemed filled with gloomy anticipations of the issue. In 
 action they spared many of the people. Most of the station 
 houses of the"gens-d*armerie were burned. The Guards within 
 usually submitted to the summons of the people, and withdrew 
 quietly. 
 
 Parties of the 15th regiment went at quick march through 
 
 -1^ 
 
, HEVOLtTION IN FRATs-CE, 103O. 59 
 
 the streets, and were every where greeted with acclamations of 
 " Vive la Ligne !" As far as the observation of an eye-witness ex- 
 tended, the duties of the line on this day were purely passive. 
 Detaciiments were posted in different places ; and a soldier was 
 occasionally led off, struck by a chance shot. They stood quietly 
 where they were drawn up, gently keeping back the people 
 whose curiosity was pushing them too far for their safety, arid 
 complaining to the citizens who stood near of the hardship of re- 
 maining drawn up, under a hot sun, without meat or drink the 
 live-long day. Their officers looked pensive, and, at every 
 louder report of firearms, shrugged their shoulders and cast up 
 their eyes. 
 
 Detachments of the Royal Guard and of the Swiss posted 
 themselves at corners, where they were out of the reach of the 
 citizens' fire, and, advancing by turns, fired down the street at 
 any living object perceptible. The people, in like manner, 
 took their opportunities from windows, doorways, and projec- 
 tions. It was certainly a blunder to bring the cavalry into 
 narrow streets. The armed populace lined the windows of 
 every house, and carried destruction into the ranks of the cui- 
 rassiers and lancers. 
 
 The lancers of the Guard were true pretorian troops. Their 
 ferocity was unsparing, and they were marked out by the peo- 
 ple as objects of especial attack. The loss of the cuirassiers 
 and lancers was consequently very great. They were assailed 
 with every hurtful missile that could be procured. Several of 
 the cuirassiers were dreadfully burned by aquafortis, thrown on 
 them from the windows by the infuriated relatives of citizens 
 whom they were charging in the streets. 
 
 It was reported that the Garde Royale and the Swiss had re- 
 ceived a gratuity from the court often francs each in the morn- 
 ing. On the bodies of these soldiers, when slain, was found 
 more money than privates could command in ordinary times. 
 
 Bravery and mercy were characteristic of tlie noble people 
 throughout the day. The firm stand was made, and the gal- 
 lant fight was fought, by the artisans, the workmen, the " un- 
 washed artificers," — men derided by gentry whose 
 
 noble blood, 
 
 Had crept through scoundrels ever since the flood. 
 
 There were women, too, that hazarded their lives ; and, be- 
 sides the brave youth of the Polytechnic school, boys joined in 
 the struggle, and fought with their fathers. Mothers of lion 
 
 # ■ 
 
60 AlJ^NALS OF Tim 
 
 hearts, equipped, and sent forth their sons to battle. A cou- 
 rageous stripling, distinguished l)y remarkable deeds, proved, 
 when the fight was over, to be a female. Prodigies of valour 
 were performed by a woman armed with a brace of pistols. 
 
 A boy of ten, with folded arm?^, and pistol, quietly waited for 
 an officer of the ferocious lancers of the Guard ; and, at the mo- 
 ment he came up, shot him dead upon the spot. Another lad, 
 on the approach of some gens-d'armes, dived under the horse 
 of the foremost, and as he came up turned round, took aim at 
 his man, and brought him to the earth. A third boy, a mere 
 child in appearance, crept under the horses of a troop of ca- 
 valry, till he found room to get up between two ; he then rose 
 with a pistol in each hand, stretched out his arms, shot the man 
 on each side, and escaped undetected. At the suspension 
 bridge, at the Place de Greve, a brave youth said to the armed 
 citizens, " We must cross this bridge — I will set the example. 
 If I die, remember, my name is Arcole." Saying these words 
 he started. He had scarcely reached the middle of the bridge 
 when he fell, pierced by countless musket-balls. The witnesses 
 of his heroism, retained his name, and the bridge which was 
 the theatre of his sublime devotedness, is now called the 
 " Bridge of Arcole." 
 
 An American captain, who lodged at a hotel in the Rue 
 Rjchelieu, saw, from his window, what, he says, if it had been 
 related to him, he could not have credited. A body of the 
 Swiss Guards were drawn up in close column. One of the peo- 
 ple coolly stationed himself at the corner of a barricade, loaded 
 and discharged his rifle eighteen times, at each fire killed his 
 man, and then retreated, apparently for want of ammunition. 
 
 M. Staffel, a nativeof Alsace, a boot-maker, residing in Pas- 
 sage du Seumon, who was arrested for having taken too active 
 a part in the troubles which accompanied the expulsion of M. 
 Manuel, fought with great courage. He, with others, contri- 
 buted to disarm ten men of the Royal Guard, whom he after- 
 ward saved from being massacred. 
 
 Among the citizens who were sheltered behind the streets 
 St. Germaine I'Auxerrois, de la Sonnerie, and de Veau qui 
 Tete, a young man of the faubourgs, armed with a good mus- 
 ket, but never having handled one before in his life, was very 
 much embarrassed how to-use it. A brave soldier of the old 
 army, M. Gorgot, ancient director of military hospitals, resid- 
 ing at No. 17 Rue de Ponceau, entreated the young man to 
 lend him his piece for a few moments, and retired behind the 
 corner of the Cafe Secretain, Suddenly a column of Swiss de- 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. Gi 
 
 bouched upon tlie Place de Cliatelet, on which our brave sol- 
 dier presented, fired, and a Swiss fell. The whole column fired 
 on liim. He retreated behind the house, reloaded his piece, 
 came out again, and fired a second shot with the same success, 
 in spite of the shower of balls with which he was assailed. Se- 
 veral armed citizens, to about the number of sixty, followed 
 his example. The Swiss column was terrified, wheeled round, 
 and retired in disorder, leaving the place covered with their 
 slain. 
 
 When the fire of a piece of cannon was causing great car- 
 nage among the crowd in the Rue Planche-Mibray, one of the 
 brave people cried out, ^' Who will come with me and take that 
 piece ? — I will only have men who are unarmed." Followed 
 by eight or ten men, he rushed forward, and a bullet reached 
 him just as he was about to obtain his object. His comrades 
 dispersed, but the wounded man got up, and was conducted to 
 a neighbouring temporary hospital, which had been established 
 at the house of the commissary of police. M. d'Estree, a skil- 
 ful surgeon, who passed three days in alternately fighting and at- 
 tending to the wounded, extracted the ball, and, through his care, 
 the courageous fellow was enabled to go out again. '* Cow- 
 ards," cried he, " you have abandoned me just at the time 
 when the cannon would have been ours. Follow me, and re- 
 pair your disgrace." He went forth again, exposed himself to 
 the fire of the piece, and in about Rve minutes it was in his pos- 
 session. It was then seven o'clock. Twelve hours afterward 
 this undaunted patriot expired at a few paces from the scene 
 of his courageous exploit. He belonged to the class of " the 
 people." 
 
 As soon as the terrible conflicts had subsided, and the mili- 
 tary had withdrawn, the people were in security, and made in- 
 stant preparations for the next day by strengthening the barri- 
 cades and increasing their number. They were assisted by 
 women and even children. The remainder of the afternoon and 
 evening, and the whole of the night, was spent in raising these 
 important obstructions to the evolutions of cavalry. Excellent 
 materials were at hand in the paving-stones, which in Paris are 
 squared to about the thickness of a foot cube. They were dug 
 up and piled across the streets in walls breast-high, and four or 
 five feet thick. These walls were about fifty paces distant from 
 each other. Hundreds of the finest trees were cut down for 
 blockades. Nothiag could be more eflTective for the defence 
 of a large open town like Paris, traversed in every direction by 
 
62 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 long narrow streets, overlooked by houses of six, seven, and 
 eight stories, than such barriers scientifically constructed. 
 All the means that industry and ingenuity could devise in so 
 short a time, were carried into execution, for the energetic stand 
 and assault determined to be made against the military in the 
 morning. During the evening the boulevards, usually so gay, 
 presented a curious scene of desolation. Numbers of fine trees 
 were thrown across the road, and formed green barricades, at 
 short intervals. Fiacres and diligences contributed to fill up 
 Mhe gaps. The Messageries Royales, and those of Lafitte, 
 Gaillard, and Co., were never before so honourably employed. 
 In their eagerness for materials to canstruct barricades, the peo- 
 ple assailed the gates of the Palace of Justice, and lowered and 
 carried them off, for barriers to obstruct the ca?alry. Not a 
 single lamp gave its light in support of the fading day — a lamp, 
 indeed, was nowhere extant in Paris, all had been demolished 
 the preceding night — and the cafes, in happy times brilliant 
 with reflected lustres, were closely bolted and barred. No man 
 wanted news where each was a minister and creator of news. 
 
 During the day, in the intervals between the conflicts, the 
 inhabitants not engaged in them stood at their doors with fold- 
 ed arms and pale faces, listening to the repeated bursts of 
 firearms and explosions of artillery, that seemed to threaten the 
 destruction of the city. Occasionally an honest man, with a 
 musket on his shoulder, was heard indignantly exclaiming, 
 '* Three days ago, and alt was peace ; we had trade, com- 
 merce, security ; the elections over, the Chambers on the point 
 of meeting, every where obedience to government : and now — " 
 the loud roar of a cannon filled up the pause, and answered 
 more emphatically than words. 
 
 Many of the people lost their lives by impetuously rushing 
 in multitudes to attack the military. Those that were behind 
 furiously pushed on^ pell mell^ and those in front that fell either 
 wounded, or from stumbling, could never rise again. This 
 was the case especially in a terrible engagement near the 
 church Madelaine. When it was over, there was a mound of 
 150 bodies of the people, many of whom fell, probably, from 
 losing their foothold, and were trampled to death. They had 
 been fought over, and formed a rampart which their comrades 
 unconsciously mounted in their eager assaults against the com- 
 mon enemy. It was the finest weather of July, the heat of 
 the sun was great, and the combatants had fallen at the height 
 
REVOLtJTION IN PRANCE, 1830. 03 
 
 of physical excitement. In two hours from the end of the en- 
 gagement the bodies in this barrier exhibited signs of rapid 
 decomposition, and became, within that short space, of a grass- 
 green colour. During the night all signs of this carnage had 
 disappeared. The bodies had been carried off and buried, 
 and the place washed down ; in the morning a stranger could 
 not have imagined that twelve hours before it had been a 
 stage of sanguinary slaughter. 
 
 Lady Stuart de Rothesay left Paris. This thoroughly 
 alarmed the English, and they were eager to follow her, but 
 the bureaus were closed, and no passports were issued. As 
 many as could took their departure without passports, having 
 been first stopped and made to cry '^ Vive la CkarteP^ by the 
 people, who tore off the fieurs de lis from the dresses of the 
 postillions. 
 
 It was the policy of the government — if the misrule of 
 CJiarles X. could be called government — to prevent intelli- 
 gence of the insurrection in the metropolis from being known 
 in the provinces, and orders w^ere issued that ^he mails should 
 not be allowed to pass the barriers. A regiment that went 
 over to the people took charge of the London mail, and ef- 
 fected its departure. 
 
 On the termination of the conflicts to-day, there was scarcely 
 a street in the centre of Paris in which the gutters were not 
 running with blood. 
 
 In the palace of St. Cloud, whence they could see the 
 flames arise, and hear the roar of the cannon, the volleys of the 
 musketry, and almost the cries of the wounded and the groans 
 of the dying, Charles X. and his attendant minions regulated 
 the scenes of the bloody drama acting by their order. 
 
 At midnight, the tocsins swung alarm from every steeple in 
 Paris, and the cry " to arms !" w^as universal. 
 
 THURSDAY, JULY 29. 
 
 During the night the military were inactive, and this inter- 
 val was employed in constructing barricades and making pre- 
 parations for an awful strife. 
 
 At three o'clock this morning M. Mangin, the prefect of 
 police, quitted Paris, almost out of his senses. 
 
§4 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 At daybreak the tocmn sounded '* To arms!" and the 
 people began to assemble rapidly and in great crowds. The 
 military, whose guard-houses had been destroyed, were chiefly 
 quartered at the Louvre and the Tuileries. The Swiss and 
 the Royal Guards were chiefly posted in the houses of the Rue 
 St. Honore and the adjacent streets. 
 
 The brave National Guards assembled on the boulevards, in 
 the Place de Greve, and in other places, with the certainty of 
 death if defeated. At the same time, the students of the Poly- 
 technic School joined the citizens nearly ^to a man ; tbej 
 then separated, proceeding singly to different parts to take the 
 command of the people, and nobly repaid the confidence re- 
 posed in them. 
 
 In the Rue Richelieu, and all the neighbourhood of the Rue 
 St. Honore, the parties were en face. The 3d regiment of 
 Guards maintained the appearance of determination to fight. 
 The people were accumulating frightfully. Not a word was 
 spoken. The garden of the Tuileries was closed. In the 
 Place du Carousel were three squadrons of Lancers of the 
 Garde Royale, a battalion of the 3d regiment of the Gardcj and 
 a battery of six pieces, also of the Garde. The Tuileries and 
 Louvre were occupied by a regiment of Swiss Guards. A . 
 few were eating their breakfast ; all the rest was on the quivive, 1 
 ready to mount or fall in. 
 
 In an hour an immense force was brought to bear on several 
 points. The Hotel de Ville was attacked, carried, and be- 
 came the point d'appuL The depot of artillery in the Rue du 
 Bac (St. Thomas d'Aquin) was also carried, and the cannon 
 carried ofl*to the most important points, and worked with amaz- 
 ing coolness and effect by those heroic youths. 
 
 At M. Lafitte's were assembled the greater part of the de- 
 puties then at Paris. They were making arrangements of the 
 greatest importance. General de la Fayette was proclaimed 
 Commandant-General of the National Guard. This venerable 
 and consistent adherent to liberty from his earliest years had 
 received the command the evening before, and he issued the 
 following announcement : — 
 
 Staff op the National Guard. 
 
 ** General Lafayette announces to the Mayor and members 
 of the different arrondissements, that he has accepted the Com- 
 mand-in-chief of the National Guard, which has been offered 
 to him by the voice of the public, and which has just been 
 unanimously conferred upon him by the Deputies now assem- 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 65 
 
 bled at the house of M. Lafitte. He invites the Mayor and 
 Municipal Committees of each arrondissement to send an offi- 
 cer to receive the orders of the General, at the Town Hotel, 
 to which he is now proceeding, and to wait for him there. 
 " By order of General Lafayette, 
 *' Member of the Constitutional Municipal 
 Committee of the City of Paris," 
 " Lafitte. 
 " Casimir Perrier. 
 "General Gerard. 
 
 <' LOBAU. 
 
 '« Odier." 
 
 Lieutenant-General Count Gerard was appointed Command- 
 ant-General of the regular forces of the nation. 
 
 The institution of a Provisional Government was indispens- 
 able. A municipal commission was to watch over the com- 
 mon interests in the entire absence of a regular organization. 
 Messrs. Audry de Puiraveau, Comte Gerard, Jacques 
 Lafitte, Comte de Lobau, Manguin, Odier, Casimir Per- 
 rier, and De Schonen, composed this Commission. 
 
 A body of armed citizens were in v/ant of a leader. M. 
 Evariste Dumoulin immediately proceeded to the house of 
 General Dubourg, to propose to him to take the command. 
 ^^^I have just arrived from the country," said the General, 
 "and have no uniform here." *' You shall soon have one," 
 ^ was the reply. In a quarter of an hour a uniform was brought. 
 The General, with a party which augmented every instant, 
 marched to the Place de la Bourse. There General Dubourg 
 delivered aii harangue, and marched with his corps of citizens 
 for the Hotel de Yille. It was already in possession of the na- 
 tional troops, and General Dubourg entered. M. Dumoulin 
 went immediately to M. Lafitte's, where the deputies were as- 
 sembled, to make known these proceedings, and General La- 
 fayette immediately set out at the head of the National Guards, 
 and amid universal acclamations, to the Hotel de Ville, where 
 he was installed in his functions. General Dubourg was ap- 
 pointed to command at the Bourse. 
 
 In the course of the proceedings to-day there appeared the 
 following 
 
 G 
 
66 AlSfTS^ALS OF THE 
 
 Proclamation. 
 
 *' The Authorities who derived their title from the Char- 
 ter have torn it to pieces, pronounced their own condemna- 
 tion, and abandoned all their posts ; all good citizens have 
 now only to follow the dictates of their own courage and con- 
 science. The people have taken up arms ; they have main- 
 tained order, and are on the point of reconquering all their 
 rights ; but organization is still called for in every direction. 
 To obtain it, it is earnestly desired — 
 
 *' 1. That the Deputies of the departments assembled at 
 Paris will immediately proceed to the Hotel de Ville, which is 
 become the centre of organization, there to consult on the 
 measures to be taken. 
 
 '« 2. That the mayors of Paris do immediately repair to their 
 respective mayorahies, to wait the instructions that will be sent 
 to them for the maintenance of order, and the defence of per- 
 sons and property. 
 
 '' 3. That each of the mayors will send one of his deputies to 
 the Hotel de Ville, to join in forming a commission to delibe- 
 rate upon the interests of Paris. 
 
 ^* 4. The members of the definitive bureaus of the colleges 
 of Paris at the last elections will meet at the chief places of 
 their respective mayoralties, to form together with the mayors 
 ,a permanent council. 
 
 " 5. The Deputies of Paris are specially invited, in the name 
 of the duties imposed upon them by their nomination by their 
 fellow-citizens, to proceed immediately to the Hotel de Ville. 
 
 "6. All persons employed at the prefecture are required to 
 repair to their posts to execute the orders of their superiors. 
 
 '* 7. The legions of the National Guards will muster in their 
 respective arrondissements, in order that they may, by the 
 usual measures, protect persons and property. 
 
 ^' For the Provisional Government. 
 '« Hotel de Ville, '^ J. BAUD. 
 
 *' July 29. 
 
 " By order of Gen. DUBOURG. 
 « Colonel ZIMMER." 
 
 '* A true copy, 
 
 "BiERRE, elector of the lltharrondissement." 
 
 The Provisional Government sat at the Hotel de Ville, and 
 resolved, 1st. To hoist the national colours ; 2d. To defend 
 Paris ; 3d. To dethrone Charles X. ; 4th. To perpetuate a 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 67 
 
 constitutional monarchy ; 5th. To appoint the Duke of Or- 
 leans Lieutenant-General of the kingdom ; and, 6th. To as- 
 semble the Chambers on the 3d of August. 
 
 The Provisional Government made the following appoint- 
 ments, viz. : — 
 
 GuizoT, Public Instruction. 
 
 General Gerard, Minister of War. 
 
 Sebastiani, Minister of Foreign Affairs. 
 
 Duke of Broglio, Minister of the Interior. 
 
 Vice-admiral Truguet, Minister of Marine. 
 
 Baron Louis, Minister of the Finances. 
 
 DupiN, sen., the Seals. 
 
 Bavoux, Prefect of the Police. 
 
 Chardel, Director of the Post-office. 
 
 Alexandre Laborde, Prefect of the Seine. 
 
 General Lafayette, who had been in arms for the independ- 
 ence of America, and in arms for the liberty of France in the 
 Revolution of 1789, now — again in arms for the freedom of 
 his beloved country — issued the following 
 
 "ORDERS OF THE DAY. 
 
 *' The General commanding in chief, on issuing this his 
 first Order of the Day, cannot refrain from expressing his ad- 
 miration of the patriotic, courageous, and devoted conduct of 
 the population of Paris. They won their freedom in 1789, 
 and France will owe them the same obligation in 1830. The 
 commandant-in-chief considers it a cause for great satisfaction, 
 to the capital and himself, that he is aided by the co-operation 
 and counsel of General Gerard, whose name alone promises 
 every thing for France, and for all Europe, but towards whom 
 the General-in-chief feels bound to express his personal grati- 
 tude for his conduct towards his old friend on this important 
 occasion. The generous conduct of the citizens of the ca- 
 pital is a sufficient guarantee that they will maintain that which 
 they have conquered, but the necessary repose must be united 
 with the noble efforts which the country and the cause of 
 liberty still require from them. The Commandant-in-chief is 
 therefore occupied in regulating the duty in such manner that 
 
68 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 a part only of the citizens need be under arms on each day. 
 Orders in this respect will be published. 
 
 " My dear Fellow-Citizens and Brave Comrades, 
 
 " The confidence of the people of Paris has once more 
 called me to the command of the public forces. I accept with 
 devotedness and joy the duties intrusted to me, and, as in 178&, 
 I feel myself strongly supported by the approbation of my ho- 
 nourable colleagues now in Paris. I make no profession of my 
 principles — they are already well known. The conduct of the 
 population of Paris during the last days of trial has made me 
 still more than ever proud of being at their head. Liberty 
 shall triumph, or we will all perish together. 
 
 Vive la Libert^! Vive la Patrie! 
 
 ^* July 29. '* LAFAYETTE, 
 
 IL 
 
 " The National Guards of Paris are re-established. 
 
 '* The colonels and officers are invited to re-organize imme- 
 diately the service of the National Guards. The sub-officers 
 and privates should be ready to muster at the first beat of the 
 drum. In the mean time, they are requested to meet at the 
 residences of the officers and sub-officers of their former com- 
 panies, and enter their names upon the roll. It is important 
 to re-establish good order, and the Municipal Commission of 
 Paris rely upon the accustomed zeal of the National Guards 
 in favour of liberty and public order. The colonels, or, in their 
 absence, the chiefs of battalions, are requested to present 
 themselves immediately at the Hotel de Yille, to consult upon 
 the first steps to be taken for the good of the service. This 
 29th of July, 1830. ''LAFAYETTE. 
 
 " A true copy, &c., Zimmer.'* 
 
 While the authorities were deliberatingj a letter was de- 
 livered to General Gerard from the commander of one of the 
 regiments of the garrison of Paris, stating that, if the General 
 would send a Colonel, the regiment would obey his orders. 
 The General immediately sent one of his aids-de-camp, who 
 took the command of the regiment. The same happened with 
 another corps. General Gerard took the command of both> 
 and in an energetic speech thanked them for preferring their 
 country, and real military honourj above all things. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 69 
 
 General Dubourg was elected .General of the National 
 Guard at Paris, and issued the following Address :•— 
 
 - *> 
 
 " Citizens, — 
 
 '* You have elected me, by universal accord, to be your 
 General, and I trust to prove myself worthy of the choice of 
 the National Guard of Paris. We fight for our laws and our 
 liberties : — citizens, the triumph is certain. 
 
 "I engage to respect the orders of those who have been 
 placed over you, and to obey them implicitly. 
 
 " The troops of the line have already joined us, and those of 
 the guard are ready to give their adhesion. The traitors who 
 have excited a civil war, and who believed themselves able to 
 massacre the people with impunity, shall be compelled to ren- 
 der an account, before the tribunals, of their violation of the 
 laws and of their bloody conspiracy. 
 
 '' he General DUBOURG. 
 
 " Paris, July 29. — At the head-quarters of I'Hotel de Ville. 
 
 " The general rendezvous is at T Hotel de Ville. Whave 
 powder." 
 
 The Deputies, availing themselves of the popularity of La- 
 fayette, addressed the people of Paris in a proclamation com- 
 mencing with his heart-stirring name. 
 
 PROCLAMATION OF THE DEPUTIES. 
 
 " Head' Quarters of the National Guards of Paris. 
 
 <^ General Lafayette has been to-day, as he was in 1789, 
 nominated General-in-chief of the National Guards. Count 
 Alexander de la Borde, one of the deputies^ resumes his func- 
 tions as Chief of the Staff, M. Audray de Puyraveau, merchant, 
 another deputy, has been appointed by the General-in-chief to 
 be his first aid-de-camp. To Arms ! To Arms ! Brave Citi- 
 zens of Paris 1 To Arms, ye National Guards ! We call 
 upon you in the name of the nation. The women are invited 
 to make up tri-coloured cockades, the only national colour. 
 
 ''Brave Citizens of Paris, — Your conduct during these 
 days of disaster is above all praise. While Charles X. aban- 
 doned his capital, and gave you up to gens-d'armes and Swiss, 
 you defended your homes with a courage truly heroic. Let 
 us but persevere and redouble our ardour, — let us but put forth a 
 few more efforts, and your enemies will be overcome. A general 
 
 G2 
 
70 ANNALS 0-F -TnH 
 
 panic has already taken possession of them. We have stopped 
 the courier they had despatched to Dijon for reinforcements, 
 and to recommend the Dutchess d'Angouleme not to return. 
 A Provisional Government is established ; three most honour- 
 able citizens have undertaken its important functions. These 
 are Messrs. Lafayette, Choiseul, and Gerard, in whom you will 
 find courage, firmness, and prudence. This day will put an 
 end to all your anxieties^ and crown you with glory. 
 
 (Signed) ^* Les Deputies i>e la France." 
 
 « July 29. 
 
 Other addresses and proclamations were issued by the pro- 
 visional government and its functionaries. The Bourse was 
 made a state prison and hospital. The large place in front 
 of the Bourse was the depot of arms for the people and the 
 rallying point. General Dubourg's exertions, at that post, were 
 unremitting. 
 
 Meanwhile the youths of the Polytechnic School took com- 
 mand of the artillery and directed the movements of the peo- 
 ple. Lads of fifteen commanded regiments of men of forty, 
 fifty, and sixty years of age, and they obeyed those well-disci- 
 plined and brave boys with all the eagerness and submission 
 which a royal army would display towards an ancient general. 
 They mustered their forces on the Place de la Bourse, and set 
 off for the Place de Greve : they were greeted in all the nar- 
 row, dirty, little streets, bv shouts of " Vivent les Bourgeois I" 
 " Vive le Liberte !" " ViVe la Charte 1" 
 
 The National Guard, at the head of a body of citizens, marched 
 to dislodge the Swiss nd Royal Guards, in the Rue de Richelieu^ 
 and the Rue St. Honore. It proceded— -greatly surprised by not 
 seeing any troops. It reached the theatre Francais, and not a sol- 
 dier appeared. Suddenly,the windows of the houses opposite the 
 theatre, and consequently behind the detachment, were thrown 
 open, and three or four Swiss stationed at each window com- 
 menced a murderous fire. The number of the dead and the 
 wounded increased with frightful rapidity, and the front of the 
 theatre was covered with dead bodies. The citizens, receding 
 behind the pillars of the theatre, took every possible position 
 for continuing the assault with success. x\t the end of an 
 hour the besieged capitulated. They were made prisoners, 
 amounting to about 40 soldiers and officers, and among them 
 a captain of the Royal Guard. The people marched their 
 prisoners to the Place de la Bourse ; but those who had fami- 
 lies were allowed to go and dine with them, upon giving a pro- 
 mise to return again in the evening. 
 
- REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 71 
 
 The neighbourhood of the Hotel de Ville was the theatre of 
 a dreadful conflict. The people occupied the Quay Pelletier 
 and the Place de Greve. After a most sanguinary struggle 
 they were slowly beaten from the Quay into the Place de 
 Greve, which, with the Hotel de Ville, they maintained with un- 
 expected heroism. 
 
 At the Place de Greve thousands of the finest troops 
 in the world found themselves engaged with citizens vari- 
 ously armed. Here a small party of elderly National Guards, 
 with a courage only equalled by that of the beardless students of 
 the Polytechnic School, opened their fire on the Garde Royale 
 — horse and foot, and artillery, French and Swiss — taking es- 
 pecial care to avoid injuring the regiments of the line, who 
 remained grave spectators of the slaughter that ensued. The 
 Royal Guard attacked the pupils of the Polytechnic School, 
 in order to carry off their cannon, the latter perceiving the 
 fault committed by the Guard in attacking them in front, in- 
 stead of endeavouring to make a diversion on their flanks, 
 cried out, '^ they don't know their trade — we shall defeat 
 them.'' — The end verified their assertion : — they were the vic- 
 tors after a dreadful carnage. 
 
 In another direction were the people of the Fauxbourg St. 
 Aritoine and Marceau, desperately fighting with pikes, or other 
 less oflfensive weapons — thousands of women and unarmed 
 people looking on and encouraging the citizens. 
 
 The people were fired upon from the windows of the Archbi- 
 shop's palace. They attacked it, and finding in the state apart- 
 ment a stand of arms, with gunpowder, they destroyed all the 
 furniture, except what they threw into the Seine, or sent to the 
 Hotel Dieu for the accommodation of the wounded. Much of 
 the plate followed the furniture into the river ; part of it was 
 recovered and lodged in the Hotel de Ville. The people would 
 not allow pillage. Two or three men detected in plunder- 
 ing were shot upon the spot. 
 
 At a very early hour this morning the Swiss were posted to 
 defend the Louvre. Three of them were placed behind each 
 of the double columns on the first floor, and others at different 
 parts of the palace, whence they could fire in security. The 
 people resumed the breaking up of the pavement in the streets 
 contiguous. At half-past four, at the extremity of the Rue des 
 Poulies, a narrow short street leading from the Rue St, Honore, 
 the people were forming a barrier with the paving-stones on the 
 left of the Louvre. Upon this point a fire was commenced by the 
 Swiss, and kept up for several hours, without intermission, dur- 
 
72 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 ing the whole progress of its erection. Shots from a window 
 of the house next the spot divided the attention of the Swiss; 
 but many of the populace fell. One, after he had received his 
 death wound, shrieked out to his associates, '* Vive la Nation /" 
 and instantly dropped upon the stones at which he was at 
 work. This event drew forth loud shouts of vengeance from his 
 companions, and seemed to make a momentary impression on 
 the royal troops. When the barrier was completed, the people 
 began a brisk fire from their intrenchment, and the assault and 
 defence were obstinately maintained. 
 
 The attack on the Louvre was from three points — on the side 
 of the grand front, opposite the Pont des Arts, and at the en- 
 trance of the Carousel on the quay side. A body of the Swiss 
 near the Rue de Coq, commanded the Louvre, and were en- 
 gaged with the people. The officer of this detachment, and 
 M. Duval Lacamus on behalf of the people, agreed to observe 
 a truce for an hour. While these gentlemen were conversing 
 together, a public functionary pointed his musket and .^as 
 going to fire. The officer reproved him severely, and ordered 
 his soldiers to carry him to the guard-houae. 
 
 The truce having come to an end, the attack was renewed, 
 and the fire on each side fiercely kept up. In the heat of the 
 assault two of the assailants climbed the barrier, and springing 
 forward, gained the iron railings enclosing the front of the 
 Louvre, where there is a dwarf wall, about two feet and a half 
 high^ under which they lay down, and began to fire upon the 
 troops. They were followed by two of the National Guard. 
 One of them carried a large tri-coloured flag, with which he 
 contrived to crawl to a water-butt standing close to the railing, 
 and from behind it he managed to place the flag, with his gun 
 and bayonet, on the railing of the Louvre. This courageous 
 act was hailed with reiterated cries of *' Vivela Nation /" and 
 the example was followed by others ; and thus the assailants 
 were protected by a double intrenchment, and continued the 
 assault with increased energy. A young man daringly climbed 
 the gate, and forced it open. About 200 of his fellow-assailants 
 detached themselves, and passed it in the face of heavy volleys 
 of musketry. The main body soon rushed after them ; the 
 greater part of the Swiss fled to the Tuileries, and in a few 
 minutes the Louvre was in the possession of thousands of 
 the people, afid the tri-coloured flag flying from its win- 
 dows. The Swiss that surrendered were marched prisoners 
 to the Bourse. 
 
 A body of 5000 or 6000 people assailbd the Tuileries ; 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 73 
 
 they had to combat two regiments of the Royal Guards 
 posted in the Garden of the Infants, and three strong de- 
 tachments of Lancers, Cuirassiers, and Foot Grenadiers, occu- 
 pying the Carousel, supported by a reserve of Artillery planted 
 in the Garden of the Tuileries. The attack commenced in 
 the Garden of the Infants. The Royal Guards permitted the 
 first assailants to approach, and there the contest ended almost 
 as soon as it was begun, by the slaughter of the front rank. 
 Almost at the same instant, fresh assailants drove back the de- 
 fenders of this important post. In the midst of a constantly roll- 
 ing fire the iron railings were broken doivn. This, vi^hich in the 
 end rendered the people masters of the Tuileries, was effected 
 with extraordinary resolution and rapidity. Still resistance was 
 offered with bloody obstinacy on other points, particularly the 
 Pavilion of Flora, from which a constant firing had been kept 
 up from seven in the morning upon the Pont Royal, and many 
 were killed. Musket-shots, from the apartments of the Dutchess 
 of Angouleme, were fired without cessation. As soon, there- 
 fore, as the Pavilion of Flora was taken, every article of furni- 
 ture, and thousands of scattered papers, among which were pro- 
 clamations to the troops to stimulate them against the citizensj 
 were thrown out of the windows. Twice the Palace of the 
 Tuileries was taken and abandoned, but the citizens were 
 finally victorious, and two tri-coloured flags were planted on 
 the central pavilion. Except the destruction of the furniture 
 above mentioned, little excess was committed. Arms, of 
 course, were eagerly seized wherever found, but the only tro- 
 phy carried off by the victors was a very richly ornamented 
 sword, said to belong to the Duke of Ragusa. 
 
 It was by a breach in the beautiful exterior railing of the pa- 
 lace of the Tuileries that the people entered on the Rue Rivoli 
 side: the damage to it did not extend beyond twenty feet, 
 which was of necessity broken down. 
 
 An ensign, who presented himself in the Place de Carousel, 
 when the attack was going to commence, advanced in ordi- 
 nary time up to the triumphal arch, without a single retrograde 
 motion, although more than a thousand musket-shots were 
 fired at him from the Castle. He then intrenched himself be- 
 hind the arch, where he kept his ground until the Castle was 
 taken by the Parisians. 
 
 One of the first of the people that entered the palace through 
 the Pavilion of Flora (from the windows of which part th6 
 fire had been tremendous, and the people had suffered the most) 
 found himself with tw^o Swiss, and a hand-in-hand struggle en-* 
 
74 ANNALS OJP THE 
 
 sued. The crowd rushed in, and the three were precipitated 
 through the window, but none of them was hurt. 
 
 An Englishman, who came up just after the people had 
 taken the palace, succeeded in gaining entrance, and relates as 
 follows :■ — 
 
 "A flight of papers from the windows of the Tuileries 
 that look on the bridge showed that the sanctuary of Majesty 
 was in the act of being invaded. The gate of the garden was 
 open. I ventured in with the rest. The smashing of glass and 
 window-panes gave me to fear that the work of destruction 
 was beginning. At last I found myself in the hall of the 
 Tuileries. — Men, armed and unarmed, were rapidly ascending 
 the staircase. I stood hesitating ; the troops had just retired 
 hastily to the Champs Elysees and some were still firing on 
 the besiegers at one corner of the Carousel. It was hke ven- 
 turing into the lion's den with a possibility of his return. A 
 young Frenchman passed me, saying aloud, that it was an oc- 
 casion not to be let slip. I thought so, too, and mounted with 
 the rest. I beheld vast and magnificent rooms, to which the 
 grandest apartments of new- furnished Windsor are not compa- 
 rable, trod by men armed and unarmed, artisans, simple blue- 
 frocked peasants, who had never, except as workmen, perhaps, 
 set foot on floors parquetes and cir^s before. The most pri- 
 vate recesses of royalty were laid open to the vulgar gaze. I 
 observed a party curiously examining the toilette- table of a 
 splendid bed-chamber, understood to be that of the Dutchess 
 de Berri. Her perfumed soaps were submitted in turn to sun- 
 dry noses, and the other particulars of a lady's toilette were 
 scrutinized, with various reflections. The state-bed, with its 
 rich silken draperies, was gazed on by profane eyes, and 
 touched by profane hands. In my progress through the apart- 
 ments, I remarked the originals of several well-known prints. 
 There was Louis Seize distributing alms on a winter's day, on 
 one side of the room, and on the other, gazing on a map of the 
 world. There, too, was Louis Dix-huit, a crafty old gentleman, 
 reposing in his arm-chair, and looking at once, as a soldier 
 termed him to an English party, in 1814, ' both the pere and the 
 mere of his people.' These were portraits that awakened no 
 animosity^ But in the Salle des Marechaux, one portrait — 
 only one — was no sooner seen than it was torn out of the frame 
 and rent in tatters. It was ' Ragusa' — the ' double traitor 
 Marmont.' The vast magnificent apartment, with the throne, 
 the state bed-chamber of majesty, the royal cabinet, were suc- 
 cessively explored. On the floor of the latter, they scattered 
 
DEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 75 
 
 sundry fragments of books and half-torn papers. I picked up 
 two at hazard ; one was in print, the other manuscript : both 
 related to priests ; it was a sors Virgiliana, that told the cha- 
 racter of the imbecile Monarch, his folly, and his fate. I was 
 more curious to observe the conduct of the multitude on the 
 occasion, than inquisitive after the details of sumptuous and 
 costly royalty. The thought that first led me into the Tuile- 
 ries was this : Twill go in with the rest, that there may be at least 
 one impartial evidence of the conduct of a French mob, under 
 circumstances of strong temptation and pecuhar aggravation. 
 I cannot say that I observed a single act of downright plunder. 
 One or two men, whom 1 remarked looking up and down a so- 
 litary apartment, wore that sinister air which betokens an in- 
 tended unlawful appropriation : but this was only surmise ; 
 they took nothing while I remained. An elderly artisan, who 
 had picked up some trifling matter, and had apparently been 
 charged therewith by some of his comrades, was exclaiming 
 loudly against their injustice, and drawing a distinction between 
 the appropriation of something by way of memorial and the 
 baseness of plundering. Neither was the spirit of destruction 
 abroad. It is true, the silk curtains, whose couleur rouge sti- 
 mulated the beholders, were not respected. The armed meri 
 were busy hewing them with their swords into portions conve- 
 nient to wear as scarfs, and several had already arrayed them- 
 selves in this, one of the three popular colours. Chandeliers 
 were also a httle damaged : but this vyas done inadvertently, by 
 men carrying muskets and bayonets with too little deference 
 to those superb ornaments. Tlie simplicity of a blue-frocked 
 peasant had nearly caused the destruction of the plate glass 
 which fills one of the large compartments at the end of the 
 throne-room. He was walking hastily along, as through an 
 empty door- way, and seemed not a little astounded at being 
 violently repelled by what had appeared to him empty space. 
 The only instance of plundering I witnessed was one of the 
 least reprehensible, though in its consequences likely to have 
 proved the most pernicious. His majesty's private stock of 
 wines had been discovered : the day was hot — every throat was 
 parched. I myself had a little before envied a draught of the 
 Seine water, which a man was lading round in a wooden bowl 
 to the droughty conquerors of the Louvre. The bottles were 
 no sooner detected than, without the trouble of drawing corks, 
 they were decapitated, and the rich contents poured down the 
 throats of grimy citizens, in such continuous streams as 
 threatened the subversion of what intellect the bottle-drainer 
 
76 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 possessed. I cannot, however, be severe on a fault in which I 
 participated^ The temptation proffered me by a polite tri-co- 
 loured warrior, who presented me with a bottle he had just 
 broached, was not to be resisted on a day when every thing 
 exhorted to drinkt Tt was some of the finest Madeira I had 
 ever tasted. In another room, I remarked other partisans bu- 
 sily satisfying the cravings of an insatiable thirst : but not al- 
 ways with equal good fortune. An individual who had 
 impatiently knocked off the head of a bottle, and poured into 
 his mouth as much as his wide capacity could contain, spit it 
 out again with a wry face, and, many and vehement exclama- 
 tions of disgust. T examined the label on the bottle — it was 
 veritable eau de Seidlitz ! I consoled the unfortunate crafts- 
 man, like Ludovico in the ' Mysteries of Udolpho,' by telling 
 him the good wine' was serving out in the next room." 
 
 M. Eugene Lovat, whom courage had placed at the head of 
 the assailants, reniained in the palace with his pistols in his 
 band, for the preservation of the property, till nine o'clock at 
 night. He called one of the people, a workman, to assist in 
 preventing any thing from being stolen. '' Be quiet, my cap- 
 tain," said the man, " we have changed our Government but 
 not our consciences." Two other artisans who entered among 
 the first into that part which the Dutchess of Berri inhabited, 
 found there a casket of bronze, enclosing a large sum in gold. 
 Overcome by the load of it, at the court of the Louvre, they 
 asked a citizen to join them in protecting the treasure. The 
 three carried it to the Hotel de Ville, where the precious bur- 
 den was deposited, without asking or receiving any reward. At 
 the gates of the palace, an individual was found pillaging, and 
 shot. Every body caught pillaging was severely chastised, and 
 compelled to surrender what he had taken. Some men who 
 found new trousers in one of the guard-rooms, put them on 
 over their own. The trousers were immediately torn off by 
 their comrades, with a unanimous cry, — " We came here to 
 conquer, not to rob." Two workmen found in one of the 
 apartments a pocket-book, containing a million in bank notes 
 — they delivered it up without abstracting any thing from it, 
 and would not even give their names. 
 
 Scarcely any damage was committed after the first general 
 rush into the palace, when the people tore down the curtains 
 for flags and sashes to wrap round them ; and converted gilt 
 mouldings into pike staves. At that moment of excitement 
 they threw papers out of the windows, with birds of Paradise, 
 rich feathers, and gay millinery. Some of these were after- 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 77 
 
 ward collected, and with other articles of value, which had 
 been removed from their places, were deposited at the Hotel 
 de Ville, The picture of the coronation of Charles was en- 
 tirely destroyed. A statue, in silver, of Henry lY., while a* 
 boy, and a colossal statue of Peace, in silver, were not touched. 
 The bust of Louis XV IH. was for a moment removed ; but, 
 it being recollected that he gave the Charter, it was, by a good 
 feeling, restored to its place. Among the curiosities brought 
 to light by the rude hands of the captors was a long dress, lined 
 with hair ; at one extremity was an iron collar, and at the 
 other a chain. The use of this vest in such a place could not 
 be explained by the crowd. It was the hair-cloth dress worn 
 by his most Christian Majesty, in penance for sin. 
 
 In the rage of conflict, while the energies of the people were 
 simultaneously wrought to the utmost possible height against 
 their enemies, they looked out for each of themselves that fell. 
 If a dropped man was wounded, he was instantly succoured by 
 his nearest comrades. In a moment they were as brothers to 
 him ; two or three desisted from the carnage, lifted him, 
 stanched the blood, bore him off in their arms, placed him 
 with soothings on the first shutter or a rude litter, and conveyed 
 him at once to where surgical aid awaited the arrival of these 
 constant casualties ; and then flew back to the attack. If the 
 man fell dead at once, they stood upon his body, as upon an 
 altar consecrated to freedom, and, animated by his departed 
 spirit, fought with deadlier purpose. The Hotel Dieu was the 
 chief hospital for the wounded ; they were borne thither in 
 crowds, during the fury of the engagement. The way before 
 this hospital became a piteous and exciting scene : eyes un- 
 used to weep dropped tears for the passing suflTerers, andmanly 
 bosoms heaved with fierce resolves to avenge their gushing 
 wounds, and hold a death-grapple with the phalanxes of the 
 scorned and detested tyrant. 
 
 One of the pupils of the Polytechnic School was killed in 
 the Tuileries. His body was raised with respect by those 
 whom he had conducted to victory, placed on the seat of the 
 throne itself, and covered with pieces of crape which were col- 
 lected by chance. It remained there till his brother, and other 
 members of the family, came to claim his glorious remains. 
 
 The care of the Tuileries, for the remainder the day, waSf 
 committed to the brave fellows who took it. They were prin- 
 cipally of the working classes, and at night presented a most 
 grotesque appearance. Here might be seen a young fellow of 
 twenty or twenty-two carrying a halberd of the time of Fra*^* 
 
 H 
 
78 ANNALS OF TJIE 
 
 cis I., inlaid with gold, dressed in a smock frock and trousers, 
 with the casque of a cuirassier on his head. There another, 
 with a blue shirt and trousers, encumbered by the long sword 
 of a horse grenadier, and capped with the brass helmet of a 
 pompier ; with a pistol or two to complete his armament. 
 Farther off was a negro in livery, posted as a sentinel, with a 
 cavalry carbine, and the broadsword of a Sapeur — ^joked with 
 occasionally upon his not being white. On the Place du Ca- 
 rousel was a very fine young fellow, apparently a labourer, in a 
 canvass jacket and trousers, without stockings, wearing the fea- 
 thered cocked-hat of a marshal of France, captured from the 
 wardrobe of the King— his fellow-citizens laughing at his pride, 
 and he bearing it with the most imperturbable gravity. Near 
 to him was a man with one sleeve from the red coat of a Swiss 
 over his own, an archbishop's glove on the opposite hand, and 
 a Lancer's spear on his shoulder. Among them were four 
 Irish mechanics, who arrived " fortunately" in Paris *' that 
 very day, "on their way to Gharenton : — the thing was not to 
 be withstood, so in they went with '* the boys," and — '' sure 
 they must stay and do their duty !" 
 
 It was almost impossible for the cavalry" to act efficiently in 
 the unpaved streets, blocked at short distances with stone re- 
 doubts thrown across, and holes in the ground filled with 
 water. But the greatest obstacle to the rniiitary was the invin- 
 cible courage of the people. It was evident that the troops 
 were dejected. Some of them had not tasted food for thirty 
 hours ; and they fought, moreover, against their own country- 
 men. The Swiss were still more dejected ; for they appre- 
 hended that no quarter would be shown them.. They were 
 wrong-; The people fought like lions ; but they spared the 
 lives of all who surrendered. Many of the Cuirassiers surren- 
 dered their swords. The Lancers of the Guard — the finest 
 body of men in the country — fought with heroism and con- 
 stancy, and were dreadfully cut up. Many of them, private 
 soldiers, were young men of family. The manner in which 
 the Swiss fought, and the nature of the engagement, may be 
 taken from the following instance : — A company of them de- 
 fended one portion of the Rue St. Honore, and were reduced 
 to sixty. They fought in three lines of single files. The peo- 
 ple occupied the whole breadth of the street in front of them. 
 In this position the foremost Swiss soldier would fire, or at- 
 tempt to fire, and was certain to fall pierced with balls before 
 he could wheel to gain the rear. The same occurred to the 
 next, and so on until they had every one fallen. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 79 
 
 The contest in the Rue St. Honore, at the Louvre, the Tui* 
 leries, and at the Place de Greve, was maintained vi^ith the 
 most deadly obstinacy. The Rue St. Honore, for two days, 
 was a perpetual scene of slaughter. The Louvre, except the 
 picture gallery, was on all sides attacked and defended at the 
 same moment, and for hours. In the court of the Louvre a 
 field-piece was planted, which commanded the Pont des Arts, 
 being exactly opposite the Institute. Here the fighting was 
 so dreadful, and so maintained, that the front of the Palace of 
 the Institute is speckled with musket and grape shot. One can- 
 non-ball smashed a portion of the wall, and, from its elevation, 
 did dreadful execution in sweeping the bridge. The attack on 
 the Tuileries was over in two or three hours. A young fel- 
 low marched on with a tri-coloured flag at the head of the at- 
 tacking bourgeois. A thousand balls, fired from the front of 
 the Chateau, whistled by him w^ithout touching him. He con- 
 tinued to march, with sang froid^ but with, at the same time, 
 an air of importance, up to the triumphal arch, and remained 
 there until the end of the battle. 
 
 While the people and the military were combating at the 
 Place de Greve, the Louvre, and the Tuileries, troops were 
 arriving by the Champs Elysees. A great party of the people, 
 and many National Guards, with two pieces of cannon, were 
 hastening along near the Place Louis XVI, , towards the Bar- 
 rier St. Etoile, when a large troop of dragoons arrived, made 
 a desperate charge, and cut down the people without mercy, 
 who made a very bold stand. Many of the soldiers solemnly 
 vowed that they would not continue to obey orders to massa- 
 cre their brothers and sons. Their numbers were thinned ; 
 they were fatigued, disheartened, discomfited, beaten, and fled. 
 At Chaillot, a district of Paris verging on the route to St. 
 Cloud, the inhabitants, though few in number, sustained the 
 fire of five regiments of the Guards, who attempted to effect 
 their retreat by the Barrier of Passy. 
 
 At length all the royal troops left the capital by the way of 
 the Champs Elysees, and in their retreat were fired upon by 
 the people. 
 
 From imperfect statements of occurrences, hastily written 
 at the moment, without data as to time, it has not been pos- 
 sible to state the events of this decisive day in their order. 
 The result, however, is indisputable. 
 
 The people, with undaunted intrepidity, opposed the veterans 
 of the royal army, withstood the assaults of cavalry, and in- 
 
eO 4NNALS OF THE 
 
 fantry, and artillery — became themselves the assailantSy and 
 finally conquered. 
 
 During ten hours the warfare raged without ceasing. The 
 national flag was successively planted on every public edifice 
 where the Bourbon flag flew. At four o'clock in the after- 
 noonfthere was not a man in arms against the people of Paris. 
 
 After the troops had quitted the capital, tliere was an imme- 
 diate calm. Holes were dug jin the streets or public gardens, 
 and many of the dead collected together and interred. The 
 wounded were conveyed by hundreds to the Bourse, the Hotel 
 Dieu, and other public hospitals. 
 
 The citizens, after two or three hours' repose, were again 
 summoned to prolong their exertions, and redouble their 
 energy, upon information that an attack was threatened the 
 next day. This rumour was unfounded. The enemy had fled 
 'to return no more. It was a victory so complete as to utterly 
 astound and leave the parasites and minions of the arbitrary 
 king without a single hope. 
 
 In the army of Charles X. the loss of ofiicers was beyond 
 all proportion greater than that of the privates. They were 
 picked out of the ranks with fowling-pieces or rifles. Prior 
 to the taking of the Tuileries, the Guards and Swiss lost 
 three-fourths of their superior oflScers, most of them by rifle 
 balls. A gentleman, well known in the fashionable circles of 
 Paris, boasted and was believed to have killed fourteen officers 
 by his rifle alone. 
 
 Where the great battles were fought, the dead lay as they 
 had fallen, in heaps. Where the combats were accidental, 
 there were frail memorials of the recent deadly strife. ^' Here 
 and there^" says a writer, *' you turned aside to avoid a pud- 
 dle of blood, or the stark corpse of some unhappy veteran, 
 that lay covered only by the gray military cloak. — 1 noticed a 
 deserted corpse that lay in a corner, with a label attached to 
 the breast. It was evidently one of the humblest citizens^ 
 and the address was ' Rue St. Antoine.' — Honour to whom 
 honour is due." ^ 
 
 At the beginning of the conflict, on the 27th, the people of 
 Paris were witiiout leaders and acted without concert ; and 
 during the three days displayed bravery and virtue that will en^ 
 sure to them lasting fame. The following are a ^ew individual 
 characteristics of to-day. 
 
 M. Auguste Pascou, a young student at law, during the 
 taking of the Swiss barracks in the Rue de Babylpnes. pes-* 
 
nWfOtUttO^ IN FJiANCE, f830. 81' 
 
 Ceiving that his comrades, terrified by the first firing, were be- 
 ginning to retreat, got upon an eminence, where he remained 
 during the whole of the attack, unceasingly exciting them, 
 both by his words and example, although he had received two 
 gun-shot wounds. A short time afterward he was at the tak- 
 ing of the Tuileries. 
 
 A young man, mounted upon a valuable horse, and from 
 his dress and equipments evidently wealthy, applied every- 
 where, in vain, for arms, that he might join in the common 
 defence. He perceived a good musket in the hands of a man 
 whose dress declared him to be a poor scavenger. " My 
 friend," cried the young man, " I will give you 100 francs for 
 your piece." '^ Oh, no, sir," replied he, " it is my best 
 friend." ^' I will give you 500 francs." "No, sir; it has 
 already brought two of our foes to the ground, and it will 
 bring down more still. I shall keep my good friend." 
 
 An unfortunate workman, covered with blood and sweat, 
 asked for a little nourishment. During the two days on 
 which he had been fighting he had eaten nothing. An indi- 
 vidual welcomed him. He was scarcely seated, when a 
 firing was heard. He threw away the bread, and, hastening 
 to join his countrymen, fell from exhaustion, and died. 
 
 Some artisans passed along the boulevards, under the com- 
 mand of one of their comrades, who had been appointed their 
 chief on account of his good^ sense and experience. At the 
 point of their weapons were loaves of bread and fowls, which 
 had been distributed among them. Several of the troop, find- 
 ing themselves opposite a wine vault, separated for the purpose 
 of getting some spirits, but returned to their ranks at the 
 voice of their Commander. ^* To-day," said he, "not one 
 drop of brandy — not one drop of wine, without water, must 
 any of us drink. We must carry all drunkards to the guard- 
 house." All the brave men set up an immediate cry., " Our 
 Captain is right," and went their way to fight, without any 
 other than their generous and ardent love for liberty and their 
 country. 
 
 At night, when all v/as over, a person going home overtook 
 half a dozen workmen of the Faubourgs St. Antoine and 
 Marceau, who, v/ith the utmost gentleness, kept the crowd 
 from pressing on three other men who were slowly moving in 
 the centre. The demeanour of those guards and the crowd' 
 indicated pity and respect. The group within was composed 
 of two of the men from the Faubourg, and a wounded trum- 
 peter of tlie Grenadiers a Cheval, wha had fallen while sound-- 
 
 H2 
 
82 AT^NAtS OF Tim* 
 
 ing a charge of his regiment. He had been cortv^eyed int?c? a^ 
 neighbouring house after the battle by some of the combat- 
 ants, and was now deemed able to walk to the Hotel Dieu. 
 At the Place du Chatelet the party halted, and something was* 
 said to the wounded man, who wished to decline (gratefully, 
 however) an offer. " Bah !'' said one of his supporters, '* a. 
 drop of good wine never did any man harm," and they entered 
 a cabaret. His conductors were his captors. 
 
 A young National Guard,, having committed a mistake ia 
 one of the movements of his exercise, was laughed at by the 
 spectators. " I made no mistake," said he, **• in fighting yes- 
 terday the enemies of liberty." 
 
 The hardihood of the children was a striking feature to day ^^ 
 as it had been before. The Marquis of Chabannes, who com- 
 manded the Lancers, was killed by a boy of fourteen. Armed 
 with a pistol, he seized the bridle of the Marquis's horse ; the 
 horse, to disengage himself, lifted his head violently, and raised 
 the boy from the ground. In that position he blew out the 
 Marquis's brains. 
 
 ft was impossible for a man's courage to fail him, seeing, as* 
 he went along, old men, children, and women^ of all classes,, 
 providing for their defence by strengthening the barricades, 
 opening all the doors of their houses, and mounting stones up 
 to their rooms to whelm upon their enemies. 
 
 Women were eminently conspicuous for heroism. At one 
 of the barricades the people were resisting the onset of a body 
 of Swiss ffuards. A number of females, rushing from a late- 
 ral street wifh pitch-forks and knives, and similar instruments 
 of destruction, fell on the rear of the Swiss, and in the twin- 
 kling of an eye numbers of them were weltering in their blood. 
 At one point a woman headed the bourgeois, and was the 
 boldest of the combatants — if degrees of bravery can be ad- 
 mitted in this most memorable conflict of modern times. A 
 woman, in man's clothes, fought at the attack on the Swiss 
 barracks in the Ru^ Piumet* Youths, not more than from 
 twelve to fifteen years of age, were pushed out of their homes 
 by their mothers, who commanded them to go and fight for 
 their liberties. These women showed no marks of fear ; they 
 held loaded pistols in their hands, and some were carrying 
 paving stones into the houses to dash upon the soldiers. So 
 great was the universal excitement, and the disregard of per- 
 sonal danger, that many ladies in the second rank of life acr 
 
RISJVOLUTION TN FRANCE, I8o0. 83 
 
 ccmipanied and assisted their sons in making common cause 
 with the people, and went from street to street encouraging 
 their relations during the hottest of the fight. At the attack 
 upon the Louvre, women advanced during the firing of the 
 troops to rescue and pull out the wounded, and send them 
 where they could have surgical aid.- 
 
 On this day the students of the Polytechnic School made 
 the most valorous atta<:ks and defence. They fired away and 
 headed the citizens two days and nights against the troops. 
 Some of these boys of ten and twelve years- old, with pocket 
 pistols in their hands, crept under the muskets of soldiers, 
 levelled against the citizens, and, when near enough, fired 
 their pistols in the bailies of the soldiers. A boy of less than 
 ten returned from a charge with two bayonet wounds in his 
 thigh, and yet refused to yield his arms. 
 
 At the capture of the Tuileries another pupil, who was 
 also at the head of the armed citizens, presented himself at 
 the railings. A superior officer immediately approached. 
 '' Open," said the young coaamander^ " if you do not wish to 
 be all exterminated; for liberty and force are now in the 
 power of the people." The officer refused to obey his sum- 
 mons, and pulled the trigger of his pistol, which did not how- 
 ever go ofi*. The young pupil, who preserved all his coolness, 
 seized the offix^er by the throat and directing his sword against 
 it, said, '* Your life is in my power ; 1 could cut your throat, 
 but I will not shed blood." The officer, afiected by this act of 
 generosity, tore from his breast the decoration which he wore, 
 and presented it to his enemy, saying, *' Brave young man, 
 no one can be more worthy than you to wear such insignia ; 
 receive it from my hand. I hav^ worn it till now with some 
 credit, and I am certain that you will continue to do the^same. 
 Your name?" — '^ Pupil of the Polytechnic School ;" and the 
 young man immediately rejoined his companions. 
 
 In one of the skirmishes with the Royal Guard, that body had, 
 after its repulse by the citizens, left a piece of artillery in an 
 unoccupied area, to which, however, there was still danger in 
 approaching on account of the firing. A pupil of the Poly- 
 technic School, who was at the head of the armed citizens, ran 
 up to the piece, which he seized with both his hands. *' It is 
 ours," he said, " I will keep it — I vi^ilL die rather than surren- 
 der it." A cry was heard behind him, " The brave are dear 
 to us — you will be killed — return!" The young man heard 
 aol a word,, bat held the piece more tightly in his embrace, ia 
 
84 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 spite of a shower of balls which rained around him. At last 
 the]Royal Guard was obliged to retire still farther by the fire of 
 the citizens, who kept continually gaining ground, and who at 
 length reached the piece and saved the youth who had so bravely 
 seized it. • 
 
 The gratitude of the people to the pupils of the Polytechnic 
 School almost reached veneration. One of these fine young 
 men, who had taken no rest for the last three niglits, fell asleep 
 from weariness on one of the mattresses designed for the 
 wounded. When evening arrived, he was taken, without know- 
 ing it, to the Hotel de Ville, and when the appearance of his 
 uniform excited acclamations wherever he passed, those who 
 carried him said, '* Respect his misfortunes." The crowd took 
 off their hats and passed on. 
 
 The feeling of honour among the people respecting property 
 which fell into their hands was most remarkable. One man 
 who considered he had a right to a watch was shot. A few 
 who appropriated to themselves some effects of the officers of 
 a large depot of gens-d'armes were stripped, and some of their 
 clothes burned, along with the epaulettes, furniture, &c.,of the 
 officers. Where officers^ soldiers, &c. surrendered their 
 posts, their property was respected. Some poor workmen;, 
 having forced the shop of a gunsmith who had already surren- 
 dered his powder, sought for more in all quarters, even among 
 his furniture. In one of his drawers, they found some money 
 and a bill. One of them shut the drawer instantly, and said, 
 '^ This is not what we were looking after." 
 
 Throughout the entire contest there was no pillage, no dis- 
 order of any sort. The wounded soldiers were taken as much 
 care of as* the wounded citizens. In fact, the instances of ge- 
 nerosity, of devotion to the *^ good old cause," and of respect 
 to the laws, were without number. They did not even mal- 
 treat one of their inveterate enemies-^the gens-d'armerie of 
 Swiss. They took their arms only to turn them instantly 
 against the troops who still continued to resist. 
 
 Foreigners of all nations, English, Germans, Russians, Ita- 
 lians, Spaniards, and Portuguese, individuals of every country 
 in Europe, who happened to be at Paris, openly declared for 
 the people of Paris, and many personally aided in the struggle. 
 
 Several young Greeks, residing in Paris to finish their edu- 
 cation, took a )?ery active part in the combats. At the moment 
 of danger they got arms, and-mixed themselves with the masses 
 
JREVOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1830. 85 
 
 of people who were courageously fighting in the streets of 
 the capital. 
 
 Many Italians were in the hottest of the engagements, and 
 some led on the citizens. 
 
 An officer of theRoyal Guard was about to run M. Huet, an 
 ex-serjeant of the 17th light infantry through the body, when 
 Giovanni di Aceto, a brave Italian youth, only seventeen years 
 of age, levelled the officer with his pistol, and saved Huet's 
 life. This courageous lad distinguished himself each day, as 
 the undaunted leader of thirty citizens of all ages, and gallantly 
 fought at the Hotel de Ville, Port St. Martin, the Rue St. Ho- 
 nore, the Tuileries, and in other most desperate engagements. 
 
 Mr. Lindo, an Englishman in the house of Orr and Gold- 
 schmidt, in Paris, voluntarily entered his name on the list of 
 the National Guard, braved the fire of the common enemy, and 
 after the victory mounted guard for forty-eight hours, without 
 quitting his post for a moment. 
 
 Mr. Bradley, an Enghsh physician in Paris, was prodigal of 
 his professional care to the wounded, at the capture of the Bar- 
 rack of the Rue Babylon. During the fight he went from 
 street to street, and from house to house, to attend to the 
 wounded, and continued to visit them after their removal to the 
 hospitals. 
 
 An Englishman who had been settled in Pari& for 10 years, 
 as a wood-engraver and type-founder, as soon as the ordinance 
 for the suppression of the press was issued, apprehending that 
 his business would be utterly destroyed, and having private 
 affairs to arrange in London, took out his passport for the pur- 
 pose of removing his family and other concerns to London. 
 Being detained by accident for a few days, he cast all the ma- 
 terials he could convert into bullets for the supply of the Na» 
 tional Guard, and neither his exertions or his bullets were thrown 
 away. Our correspondent says he saw a certificate in the 
 party's favour, attested by the constituted authorities of his dis- 
 trict, relative to his spontaneous and seasonable, as well as 
 disinterested and effective services, and acknowledging them 
 with thanks to his honour. 
 
 Another Englishman, who had been established for a num- 
 ber of years as a printer in Paris, and who has an establishment 
 in London, shut up his office, and fought in the boulevards 
 on the 28th as a tirailleur, and procured several muskets for 
 his men. On the 29tb, accompanied by some friends and seve- 
 ral of his workmen, he was at the attack of the Louvre, and 
 
86 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 among the first who entered the Tuileries. He afterward at- 
 tacked the Royal Guards intrenched in houses in the Rue St. 
 Nicaise and St. Honore. From the corner of the street they 
 kept up an incessant fire for nearly an hour, till at length he 
 called on the others to follow him, and rushed through a shower 
 of bullets into the house in possession of the guards, who, seeing 
 themselves thus assailed within and from without, surrendered. 
 He received from them upwards of sixty muskets, officers' sa- 
 bres, &c., and employed every effort to save the men ; but, the 
 firing still continuing from the third story, the people were so 
 furious that they slew every guard that they could approach. 
 Two of his men were killed ; one of them has left three infant 
 children. On his return home at night, besmeared with blood 
 and gore, he was loudly greeted by his fellow-citizens and neigh- 
 bours. Mr. Pouchee, formerly letter-founder in London, wa§ 
 on the spot where the above workmen were killed, and gene- 
 rously gave 200Z. to the widow. 
 
 Whatever was the precise number of lives lost, it is-^igreed 
 on all hands to have been much less than was expected, consi- 
 dering the military force, and the multitude of people engaged 
 in cOmbat. It was remarked in favour of the life-guards, on 
 the inquest held on the bodies of Honey and Francis, who were 
 killed at Cumberland Gate, Oxford Street, on the occasion of 
 your late queen's funeral, that not a single cut had been given 
 by the soldiers, although it was proved that they had struck 
 down many of the people with their sabres. The same remark 
 is nearly as applicable to the conduct of the cavalry arrayed 
 during " the three days" against the people of Paris. The 
 lancers were engaged throughout, and made frequent and fu- 
 rious charges ; they were shot and bruised, and their horses 
 killed or lamed under them by bullets, stones, bottles, and other 
 missiles. The same may be said of the cuirassiers and the 
 mounted gens-d'armerie. Nevertheless, there were not, it is 
 believed, twenty men woundedby thrusts of the lance, or coups 
 de sabre, during the three days. The horse soldiers fired their 
 carbines and pistols frequently ; but the uncertainty of a shot 
 fired by a man on horseback is well known. The comparative 
 harmlessness of the operations of the cavalry may be attributed 
 partly to the humanity of the soldiers, partly to the panic with 
 which they were struck in the unnatural warfare, and partly to 
 the impossibility of acting with effect against such an enemy a& 
 was opposed to them. In the midst of the engagements, on 
 each day, the streets were crowded with spectators, and with 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 87 
 
 men waiting for the chance of obtaining arms. The cutting 
 down these would have been useless, as it would not have re- 
 duced the nusnber of their foes, and in the interim their own 
 lives would fjave been greatly endangered. The truth is, that 
 the troops were rendered powerless by the suddenness and 
 astounding character of the circumstances in which they were 
 placed. Adjoining to the house which forms the corner of the 
 Rue de la Paix and the Boulevard is a large house or hotel en- 
 closed by a wall, which was surmounted by wooden palisadoes, 
 in which large spikes were fixed. Immediately opposite to it 
 was stationed a lieutenant's guard of lancers. Farther on to- 
 wards the Rue Montmartre, and on the Boulevard Poisonniere, 
 the battle raged. The troops were consequently on the alert. 
 Notwithstanding which, the people in their presence, and within 
 five yards of them, tore down the palings spoken of, and pro- 
 ceeded deliberately to knock the spikes out of them for pike- 
 heads, by striking them against the large stones placed to pre- 
 vent carriages interfering with the footpath. The lancers oc- 
 casionally galloped across to prevent them, and the people fled ; 
 but, as the lancers were obliged to resume their ranks, the peo- 
 ple returned, and proceeded with their work until the whole of 
 the paling disappeared. At another time, the lancers charged 
 up to the Rue Richelieu, and returned on the '* fast trot." In 
 the short interval, a wall made with stone and mortar, three feet 
 high, had been built across the Boulevard, near the Rue de la 
 Paix. Thus divided, without communication, and menaced 
 with death -in a thousand shapes, the dispirited cavalry were 
 almost totally inefficient. If willing to wound, they were afraid 
 to strike. They might at the swift gallop overtake the people, 
 who generally ran when about to be charged, but in doing so 
 the danger of a volley from a cross street, and from the houses, 
 was imminent. They rarely ventured, therefore, upon a real 
 attack. Twice or thrice in the course of the same day they 
 cleared the Quai Pelletier up to the Place de Greve, but the 
 murderous fire of their assailants was insupportable, and obliged 
 them instantly to retreat. 
 
 On the first day, and even before they left their barracks, the 
 greater part of the officers and soldiers of the line agreed among 
 themselves not to fire upon their fellow-citizens. The com- 
 mandant Maillard, of the 15th light infantry, positively refused 
 to order his battalion to fire, in spite of the reiterated com- 
 mands which he received. At the same time, in another quar- 
 ter, the sub-lieutenant Lacroix, of the same regiment, who 
 
88 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 commanded a detachment stationed at the prison of Montaign, 
 divided his time between preventing the prisoners from escape 
 ing and inducing the soldiers to meet the people as brothers. 
 This brave officer remained at his post till the next day, and 
 then delivered it up to the National Guard. 
 
 In short, the military felt for their country, and sympathized 
 with the people. The French army is recruited by conscrip- 
 tion, a species of ballot, by which an annual supply is obtained 
 from the ranks of citizens and farmers. In time of peace, it 
 is composed of the same order as our militia, if not of a bet- 
 ter. The privates of the line can all, with a few exceptions, 
 read and write; and hence the politics of the day make an 
 impression on the French soldiery that statesmen, accustomed 
 to view them as passive instruments of power, can never bring 
 themselves to credit. The soldiers of the line are, for the most 
 part, well acquainted with both the nature and extent of the 
 prerogatives of the Crown, and their limitations, and the sacred 
 rights which the Charter purported to the people. It was not, 
 therefore, surprising that, upon Wednesday, the 5th and 53d re- 
 giments refused to fire upon the people who came in a mass to 
 the hotel of Prince Polignac to demand the revocation of the 
 ordinances of the 25th. On that occasion officers of the line 
 and of the staff were heard to recommend the leaders of the 
 popular party to be firm in their demands ; but not to proceed 
 to violence while a hope of success was left by treating with 
 the ministers. 
 
 There is in the following letter from an officer of the Hoyal 
 Guard to Prince Polignac, an expression of feeling which ani- 
 mated many of equal and superior rank in the French army. 
 
 " MONSEIGNEUR, 
 
 *^ After a day of massacre and disaster, undertaken 
 agjainst all laws, human and divine, and in which I took part 
 only out of human respect, with which I shall ever reproach 
 myself, my conscience imperiously forbids me to serve an in- 
 stant longer. In my life I have given so many proofs of de- 
 votedness to the King that I may be permitted, withaut it be- 
 ing possible for my motives to be calumniated, to make a dis- 
 tinction between what emanates from him and the atrocities 
 now committed in his name. I have, therefore, the honour to 
 beg you to lay before his Majesty my resignation as Captain of 
 his Guards. 
 
 " I have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 « Count RAOUL DE LATOUR DUPIN.'^ 
 
Hevolution in france, 1830. 89 
 
 Notwithstanding the troops had retired, there was some ap- 
 prehension of a renewal of the comhat. The following con- 
 versation passed between a gentleman and a general officer in 
 the Elysee Charles :— 
 
 Q. '' Well, General, I am glad to see the troops withdraw- 
 ing : it is of course settled." 
 
 A. " Settled, indeed I you are mistaken, sir. True, the 
 troops have withdrawn for a moment, but it is only to join 
 other regiments at St. Cloud, and commence an attack to- 
 morrow." 
 
 Q. '•' You surely do not mean to attack your brothers and 
 fellow-subjects, unarmed as they are, and seeking as they are 
 to gain the hberties taken from them." 
 
 A. "I know nothing of that, sir, as a soldier. But I tell 
 you that, unless conditions be arranged to-night, we shall bom- 
 bard Paris to-morrow." 
 
 On the royal route to St. Cloud, which is a back or by-road, 
 estaffettes had passed every half hour throughout the day to 
 St. Cloud, announcing to the king the movements of the army, 
 and the progress of the siege. 
 
 The royal troops, driven from the capital, were stationed in 
 the Bois de Boulogne, exhausted by fatigue. The Mayor of 
 Autueil was required to provide them with provisions and re- 
 freshments. He addressed himself accordingly to the princi- 
 pal inhabitants of his commune, who answered that in comply- 
 ing witli his request they should be furnishing their own ene- 
 mies with support, since these troops had fired upon their bro- 
 thers in Paris. However, from motives of humanity, provi- 
 sions and refreshments were provided. The Duke d'Angou- 
 leme went in person to thank the Mayor for the provisions given 
 to " his army." The Mayor could not help saying that all the 
 misfortunes which now afflicted France, and were recoiling 
 upon the Royal Family, would not have happened had the 
 King governed constitutionally. At these words the Prince 
 turned his bridle and rode off. In a minute afterward he sent 
 an aid-de-camp to inform tlie Mayor, that if he had any thing 
 to communicate he would hear it with pleasure, provided it 
 was not in the presence of his troops. 
 
 The greater part of the troops of the guard concentrated 
 round St. Cloud. Their advanced posts occupied on one side 
 a hillock below Calvary towards Neuilly ; on the other they 
 extended towards Meudon. Means of resistance were organ- 
 ized at Neuilly, to hinder them from passing the bridge, which, 
 
 I 
 
90 AiNNALS OF THE 
 
 however, they did not appear disposed to force. On the con=^ 
 trary, every thing seemed to be preparing for a farther retreat. 
 Many of the men loudly declared that they virould join the 
 citizens if they were ordered to return to Paris. 
 
 It is said that the Duke of Ragusa proceeded to St, Cloud, 
 to render an account of his services. The Duke d'Angouleme 
 evinced his dissatisfaction in unmeasured terms, and said, "lYou 
 have treated us as you did others." The day before, Marmont 
 had pledged himself to keep possession of the capital a fort- 
 night longer, and already came to announce that it was in pos- 
 session of the rebels. Turning towards a guarde du corps, 
 the Prince directed him to bring the Marshal's sword, which 
 having received, he endeavoured to break over the pummel of 
 his saddle, and ordered Marmont under arrest. Charles X., 
 informed of what had happened, expressed regret at his son's 
 violence ; but, that the Prince might not be injured in the eyes 
 of the court, the arrest was limited to four hours, by which 
 time dinner was ready. It was announced to the Marshal that 
 a cover was placed for him at the royal table ; but he refused 
 to appear. 
 
 On the return of the troops the King reviewed them. No 
 one cried '^ Vive la Hoi," and the line cried '' Vive la Charte !" 
 The ministers, who, in pandering to the pleasure of his uncon- 
 stitutional will, had flooded the capital with blood, now waited 
 upon him and resigned their portfolios of office. He immedi- 
 ately appointed the Duke de Mortemart Minister of Foreign 
 Affairs, and Count Gerard Minister of War ; and charged 
 them with the formation of a new council. His next step was 
 to recall the ordinances of the 25th of July. This was his 
 first concession.— It was forty-eight hours too late — on Tues- 
 day it would have satisfied the people. Yesterday and to-day 
 they had purchased with their blood the power to dictate. He 
 instructed the Duke de Mortemart to treat with the new au- 
 thorities in Paris, and stipulate, on the basis of his abdication 
 and that of the Duke d'Angouleme, that the Duke of Bour- 
 deaux should be proclaimed King. The Duke is said to have 
 expressed unwillingness to undertake such a commission with- 
 out a written aiuthority. The King swore on the faith of a 
 gentleman, a knight, and a Christian (not on the faith of a 
 King), that he would abide by the engagements which the Duke 
 might enter into in his name. He was affected even to tears ; 
 and, when the Duke de Mortemart persisted in requiring his 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 91 
 
 signature, he replied by lifting up 'his trembling hand, to show 
 that it was incapable of holding a pen*! 
 
 At night, part of the town was illuminated, particularly the 
 streets of St. Denis, St. Martin, St. Jacques, and the neigh- 
 bourhood of the Hotel de Ville. Perfect tranquillity prevailed 
 throughout the city. Strong patrols silently paraded the streets, 
 passed gently from barricade to barricade, and disarmed indi- 
 viduals whom fatigue and the heat of the weather, more than 
 wine, had rendered incapable of employing their weapons 
 usefully. 
 
 Thus was a mighty revolution in behalf of happiness tor 
 France effected in three days. The press pointed out the dan- 
 ger, and urged the people to save, the commonwealth., The 
 first blow was struck by 400 or 500 men deprived of daily 
 bread by the suppression of the newspapers ; aided by other 
 working people who had been thrown out of employment. 
 Every thing was effected by the great mass of the labouring 
 classes, assisted by the small shopkeepers., a]l led on by the 
 students of the Polytechnic school. Few of the wealthier in- 
 habitants made their appearance until the danger was over. 
 
 The Ilampdens of France were the canaille of St. Antoine, 
 St. Denis, and St. Martin. ' High-born and high-bred' war- 
 riors never achieved a victory more beneficial to mankind. 
 The freedom, not only of France, but of all the continent, was 
 weighed in the balance against despotisni, and pi-evailed by the 
 efforts of soiled and swarthy artisans. 
 
 SUMMAR!^ ACCOUNTS OF THE PRECEDING 
 DAYS. 
 
 M. Leonard Gallois kept an account day by day, and 
 hour by hour, of what passed during the memorable days on 
 the Boulevard St. Antoine, the Place Royal, the Place de la 
 Bastile, and the Rue St. Antoine. This gentleman, deprived 
 of the use of his limbs, and confined by that infirmity to his 
 chamber, was deeply interested by the important events passing 
 in Paris ; and his residence being in the quarter Mara^is, near 
 the Faubourg St. Antoine, the Place Royale, and the Place 
 de la Bastile, he took his station each day at the window of 
 his chamber, which looked upon that part of the Boulevard 
 where the Corps-de-Garde were posted. From thence he 
 vigilantly observed all that passed within sight, while his son, 
 
92 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 an intelligent youth, acted a« his scout^ and brought him inteK 
 ligence. What M. Gallpis saw, and the information he ob- 
 tained, he published in a narrative (sold in London by M. 
 Dulan, Soho Square) from which a translation of the import- 
 ant days is annexed. 
 
 M. GALLOIS^S NARRATIVE. 
 
 Monday^ July 26th. 
 
 About two o'clock I sent my son to the Palais Royal for 
 some books of which I had need. In less time than he usually 
 takes on such an errand, I saw him returning breq^thless and 
 covered with perspiration. He hakl in his hand the second 
 edition of the Messager des Ckambres^ in which the ordi- 
 nances were published, but not the report of -the ministers. 
 " I bring you," he cried, "sad news." . 
 
 I read the ordinances : and I could not help thinking that I 
 was dreaming. - 
 
 In a state of stupid abstraction I read them over eveti^ 
 third time, when some persons living in the same house came 
 and convinced me that 1 was awake, by giving me a copy of 
 the Moniteur, The report of the ministers, which it con- 
 tained, made the whole matter plain. On reading each para- 
 graph of this masterpiece of Jesuitism, I codd not he)p ex^ 
 claiming '' It is f^ilse ! The ministers lie ! Themselves have 
 rendered the revolution imminent !" 
 
 Still I did not imagine it was so near breaking out. Every 
 countenance about me was sad and downcast, and during the 
 whole day nothing was heard at the Marais but imprecations 
 against the Ministers. Some said that the ordinances would 
 certainly provoke a terrible movement ; but many persons 
 thought that the sacred fire of liberty was extinguished in the 
 souls of the French. Thus were my most cherished hopes 
 damped. ' • 
 
 However, the peaceable inhabitants of the Boulevard St> 
 Antoine manifested a certain feehng of inquietude, which the 
 want of the liberal journals contributed but little to allay. 
 Like my son, they besieged the doors of the reading-rooms, 
 accosted all persons coming from the central parts of Paris, 
 and wearied them with questions. They learned nothing, ex- 
 cept that the King and tlie Ministers appeared determined to 
 employ rigorous measures against those who did not choose to 
 submit. 
 
 The day passed without my being able to read a newspaper, 
 for I had no wi^h to look a.t any in which I waf$ sure to finij 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 93 
 
 only apologies for the acts of the Ministry, and attempts to 
 excite the violence of the counter-revolutionary party. 
 
 Tuesday^ July 27tJi. 
 
 As early as five o'clock in the morning I resumed my seat 
 at the window, now become my observatory, and my son took 
 his })ost at the reading-room door. I soon perceived,, by the 
 movement in the Boulevard, that I only was not anxious. 
 Several of those peaceable citizens, known by the name of the 
 Rentiers du Marais, paraded the cross alleys of the Boulevard. 
 Everyone went in the direction of the Bastile, whence I heard 
 a confused noise, indicative of a numerous assembly. I Saw 
 great numbers of workmen, mostly in their shirt-sleeves, go^ 
 up and down, gesticulating and talking earnestly. A kw 
 words, whiijh reached my ear, convinced me that they were 
 discussing political subjects, and I soon heard the cry of *' Vive 
 la Charte!^^ The insurrection, therefore, broke out as it were 
 from the midst of a calm. 
 
 About ten o' clock, njy son informed me that all the shops 
 were shut, and that it was reported that the workmen of the 
 Faubourg St. Antoine v/ere preparing to advance into the 
 heart of Paris. I confess I felt some degree of fear, lest this 
 Faubourg, formerly so terrible, should disgrace such a digni- 
 fied resistance as I had been informed was then spontaneously 
 organizing at Paris. I dreaded again to behold those brigands 
 who stained the character of the first revolution. I expected 
 to see every moment file off bands of those ill-omened and 
 ferocious figures, as disgusting in appearance as in language^ 
 whom I had seen exhibited in the plates representing the 
 scenes of that epoch. But, during the whole day, non® ap«- 
 peared on the Boulevard St. Antoine, but respectable-looking' 
 workmen, by no means ill dressed, though unencumbered by 
 jackets or coats. They seemed determined, it is true, and 
 even menacing ; but I could observe no prognostic of disorder. 
 Nowhere was to be heard those rude expressions which were 
 formerly the common language of those who were called " the 
 people,^^ The grossest words used by this innumerable body 
 of workmen, while moving along the Boulevard, were such as 
 these : '* Those ^ "^ "^ then flatter themselves that they have 
 to do with imbeciles."—'^ Do the * ^ ^ ^ Jesuits take us for 
 Cossacks ?" — " They shall soon see whom they have to do- 
 with. We will show them our teeth, while they show us 
 their rumps." — **The whole canaille must be put to fiight 
 again 1" 
 
 12 
 
$i ANNALS -OF THE 
 
 Tilis language plainly showed that these persons tooK (he 
 matter seriously, and were full of zeal. I can affirm that I 
 saw no one among them who seemed above their own condi- 
 tion, or who had the appearance of heading or exciting them. 
 They had neither chiefs nor incendiaries. They consulted na 
 one, and no one volunteered to direct them. All the work- 
 men in the Boulevard seemed to be waiting for some event, of 
 which they were not certainly the provoking party. Up to 
 eleven o'clock they raised no other cries than '' Vive la 
 Charter^ '^ Down with Pohgnac V " Down with the Minis- 
 ters !" 
 
 Immediately afterward several persons were seen hurrying 
 from the Boulevard du Temple towards the Place de la Bas- 
 tile, crying out that a battle was begun in Paris, that the 
 troops had fired upon the inhabitants, and that the Rue St. 
 Honor e and the environs of the Palais Royal had become the 
 theatre of a horrible civil war. ^ 
 
 This news electrified the workmen. They called for arms 
 and leaders. Some rushed to the gate Saint Antoine, others 
 towards the Boulevard of the Temple. In a moment the Bou- 
 levard St. Antoine was empty. Not a single person remained 
 before my windows. My son came to tell me that all was 
 bustle in the Place Royale and in the street St. Antoine ; that 
 arms and leaders were called for ; that the gun-makers' shops 
 had been forced open throughout Paris; and, lastly, that many 
 inhabitants had assembled on the Place Royale and the Place 
 de la Bastile, some armed with guns and rusty sabres, others 
 with pistols, swords, spits, pikes, and pitchforks, crying out, 
 *"' Down with Polignac!" '* Vive la liberie P'' I found great 
 difficulty in restraining my son ; he wanted to look after a 
 gun, and set off*, like all the rest, to the place where the troops 
 were firing on the people. " The porter's son is gone," said 
 he, " and I remain behind ; the porter himself would have 
 been off by this time had not his wife detained him." I used 
 persuasion, and endeavoured to convince him that I could not 
 do without him. He yielded to my entreaties, but disappeared 
 every moment under the pretext of going to obtain news. 
 
 What I heard from persons passing was vague and confused. 
 ^^ There is a fight ; the people are being murdered." That 
 is all they deigned to tell me, while hurrying off in search of 
 arms. 
 
 My impatience and alarm now increased. I saw many 
 ready to fight, but very few armed ! We had every thing to 
 fear from the numerous regiments in Paris with artillery. 
 What is to become of the poor people who are marching ob 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 95 
 
 to the very mouth of the cannon ? If Paris yields, the cause 
 of liberty, of reason, of humanity, is lost for ever ! I remained 
 for some moments overcome by mournful reflection. 
 
 The wrorkmen re-appeared upon the Boulevard, and I saw 
 them descend in groups. They proceeded towards the Port 
 St. Martin, where, it was said, war was also ragiDjr. This 
 long procession did not raise a single cry. A sombre appear- 
 ance of despair clothed the whole crowd. I remarked, how- 
 ever, that those who possessed guns considered themselves 
 fortunate, and marched at the head of bands, as fierce as Ar- 
 tabanes. It was sufficient to have a gun and a cartridge-box 
 to become the leader of a party. These parties were, how- 
 ever, composed of men, most of whom were not armed even 
 with sticks. They marched with their arms crossed as if they 
 were going to their w^ork. All at once I heard the cry raised, 
 " To the docks r* and the crowd immediately rushed to the 
 dock-yard opposite the Boulevard, and armed themselves, some 
 with logs of wood, others with poles, which they flourished 
 over their heads, exclaiming, '* Vive la liberty I^^ 
 
 What do these brave men mean to do with a few rusty guns 
 and cudgels ? — It is out of my power to follow them ! 
 
 I see filing oflf even children, some of them with pistols in 
 their hands, i tremble for them. I tremble for the sacred 
 cause which they are going forth to defend. 
 
 Every moment I saw detachments of different regiments 
 pass along. The gen-d'armes were hooted. The lancers and 
 cuirassiers were received with cries of '* Vive la ChaHeP^ 
 which a few of the mihtary repeated. The galloping of horses 
 every minute announced that fatal orders were despatched to 
 all the posts. 
 
 What a day of anxiety ! No news of what is passing ; for 
 every one leaves the Boulevard, and no one returns from the 
 heart of Paris. I inquired of my son whether there were any 
 police ordinances, or proclamations from authority. He replied 
 that neither the police nor ministers showed themselves. 
 
 The culpable ministers then hide themselves, after brandish- 
 ing the torch of civil war I They hide themselves, after sign- 
 ing an order for the extermination of a generous population, 
 only guilty of resisting their liberticide acts ! On all sides a 
 unanimous exclamation of indignation is raised against them. 
 As for Charles X., every one says '* this is what he wanted," 
 and those who were royalists before the publishing of the or- 
 dinances, repeat- — '^It is indeed his work /" 
 
 About four o'clock, my son returned with a triumphant air. 
 ^* The Nationaly^ said he, " has appeared, but I could not ob- 
 
M ANNALS OP THF 
 
 tain one. I bring you the Temps. It contains the protest of 
 the journalists, the same as I read it in the National^ with the 
 single exception that it does not give the signatures." " Ho- 
 nour to the editors of the National ! Honour to the editors of 
 the Temps r^ I exclaimed, seizing at the same time the lat- 
 ter journal. I read the protest of the editors of the liberal 
 journals. It gave me intense delight. ^' I will not," said I, 
 ^' despair of the public cause." 
 
 The clock has just struck five. Many persons are return- 
 ing from the centre of Paris, all of whom tell me that there have 
 been battles at different points, and that the fighting still con- 
 tinues ; but that it is diflicult to know what is doing, because 
 the streets in the neighbourhood of the Palais Royal are choked 
 up with immense crowds. 
 
 At length I obtained positive news. M. Denain, the book- 
 seller in the Rue Vivienne, arrived, and had the goodness to 
 tell me all that he knew, all that he had seen and heard. This 
 gentleman, an active and sincere patriot, assured me that there 
 prevailed throughout the whole population, not only irritation, 
 but real enthusiasm. He said that every thing showed the ex- 
 istence of a spirit of great determination, from which impor- 
 tant results might be expected ; that the National Guard was 
 re-organizing itself, and would be under arms to-morrow 
 morning ; that no one knew where the ministers were ; and 
 that it was even said that the king had set out for Gompiegne. 
 Finally, he told me that Rouen and Orleans had risen, and 
 that 2000 men from Rouen were marching to the assistance of 
 the Parisians. He added that it was the general opinion that 
 the morning of the 28th would be a hot one, and that he and 
 his friends had taken measures accordingly. 
 
 M. Denain infused balm into my blood, when he assured 
 me that the patriotism of the Parisians would render the cause 
 of liberty triumphant. 
 
 I was confirmed in these agreeable ideas by the patriotic 
 traits which some women displayed. One of them, a gene- 
 ral's widow, went to the Palais-Royal, declaring, that if money 
 was wanted to make a revolution, she would give it to all who 
 needed it. I know her to be a woman who would keep her word. 
 
 Tv^ro other women furnished traits worthy of Spartan mo- 
 thers. The first, Madame R- , armed her two sons, and 
 
 sent them forth to^ defend the cause of liberty. This patriot 
 mother remained two days without hearing any news of them. 
 She was weeping for them, when she saw them return safe 
 and well. 
 
 The other Spartan mother, Madame Venot, was asked^ 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 9T 
 
 where her son was : '"- My son," she replied, '« is among the 
 combatants." " How, Madam !" do you allow him to mix 
 in those brawls I" ^' He must act like the reM ; if no one went, 
 we should have to stretch our necks quietly to the knife." 
 '' But if he should be killed ?" ^^ I should console myself by 
 reflecting that he died for his country." 
 
 It should be known that he is an only son and a youth of 
 great promise, the idol pf his mother ! She has been more 
 fortunate than many other mothers. Her son has returned tri- 
 umphant, and the cause of liberty prospered because the wo- 
 men embraced it with so much ardour. 
 
 Before leaving me, M. Denain brought to my notice that 
 fine prophecy in the sublime political satire of our young and 
 great poet, Barthelemy, entitled, 1830 :* 
 
 Vouy done que le monarque a mis dans ce haut rang 
 Oil I'on peut demander Por et meme le sang ; . 
 
 Hardis preparateurs qui, sans bien les connaitre, 
 Triturez chaque jour la poudre et la salpetre, 
 Gardez-vous de tenter un frotlement trop dur ; 
 Quand vous portez un coup, qu'il soit prudent et suir ; 
 Songez que sous vos pieds le calme est transitoire : 
 Depuis les premiers terns de notre antique histoire, 
 II existe toujours des Francs et des Gaulois,. 
 Les amis du pouvoir et les amis des lois ; 
 L'un de ces deux partis soumis au plus habile 
 Comprime non sans peine une humeur indocile, 
 Et conime Pours captif, esclave independant. 
 Sous sa bride de fer obeit en grondant. 
 Que leur feirite union, treve indeterminee. 
 Dure de jour en jour ou d'annee en annee : 
 Que le faible, content de dominer le fort, 
 Derobe tout pretexte a sa haine qui dort ; 
 Que du serment commun nul d'entre eux ne s'ecarte. 
 Tant qu'armes de leurs droits, appuyes sur la Charte, 
 Nos iriinistres hautains, dispendieux commis, 
 Viendront nous demander leur salaire promis, 
 D'un pacta dur pour nons rigides signataires, 
 Livrons sans murmurer nos' deniers tributaires ; 
 Malheur a I'insense qui viendrait a dessein 
 Du poids de son epee aggraver le bassin I 
 Au moment de I'oser qu'il medite et qu'il tremble I 
 On dit que du Conseil ou la nuit les rassemble 
 D'epouvantables bruits vers nous ont cireule, 
 " Que les vagues echos de leurs murs ont parle 
 
 D'edit, de coup d'Etat ou de lit de justice 
 
 Silence ! que jamais ce mot ne retentisse ; 
 
 Le pacte enfreint par eux serait rompu par nous ; 
 
 Lasse depuis long-tems de marcher a genoux, 
 
 * This satire is sold at Denain's, Bookseller, Rue Vivienne, Paris ; 
 j^nd by M. Dulan, Soho, London. 
 
^8 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 Au seul geste, au signal d'un ordre illegitim^, 
 Ce peuple bondirait d'un elan unanime, 
 Et brisant sans retour d'arbitraires pouvoirs, 
 II se rappellerait le plus saint des devoirs. 
 
 This prophecy anticipated by several months the catastrophe 
 of the ministers. 
 
 During the same evening there were circulated many re- 
 ports which ray son communicated to me. It was affirmed 
 that the constitutional Peers had wished to remonstrate with 
 the King, but that he bad declined receiving them ; that the 
 new Deputies who had arrived in Paris had met, and had pro- 
 tested against the illegality of the ordinances ; that in the 
 course of the day many other Deputies were expected, as well 
 as the venerable Lafayette ; it was also asserted that M. de- 
 Belleyme had been arrested for having authorized the printing 
 of the Journal du Commerce ; that all Paris was in the utmost 
 agitation ; that the public indignation was general ). and that 
 some great disaster was expected. 
 
 Wednesday, July^2BtL 
 At four on the morning of Wednesday^ the 28th, 1 repaired 
 to my observatory, and my son went in quest of news. The 
 usual noise of coaches, ^c. had ceased, and unusual tranquil- 
 lity prevailed on the Boulevards of Paris. The Omnibuses 
 and Dames Blanches were no longer conveying the Parisians 
 from one extremity of the capital to the other for thirty cen- 
 times, and the fiacres were all put up ; the only vehicles to be 
 seen were a few cabriolets and caleches driving in the direc- 
 tion of the harrieres. 
 
 Before 6 o'clock the Boulevard was crowded with working 
 men. Some had arms, and others were loudly demanding 
 to be supplied with them. They were informed that Fran- 
 coni's and the theatres la Gdtte et V Amhigu-Comique were 
 distributing the arms they used in their military spectacles. 
 The men hurried towards the Boulevard of the Temple ; but 
 all the arms were disposed of. Thus disappointed, they re- 
 newed their cries for " arms" and " commanders," and many 
 added " a provisional government !" Those who had muskets 
 descended from the Boulevard, and many others followed them 
 with sticks and pikes. 
 
 The crowd which hurried to the centre of Paris did not con- 
 sist entirely of the working class of people. I observed many 
 well-dressed men, and even young men of fashionable appear- 
 ance. The latter were for the most part armed with musketS 
 and aabjes^ and were also furnished with cartridge-boxes* 
 
EEVOLtTTlON IN FRA2s^iCE, 1830. 9D 
 
 Finding that my son did not return as soon as I expected, I 
 began to be alarmed. Our breakfast hour arrived and he was 
 still absent. 
 
 None but those who are similarly situated can conceive my 
 anxiety ! People were constantly arriving ; but I did not re- 
 cognise, in the men whom I saw defiling, the famous, the re- 
 doubtable Faubourg St. Antoine. I had as yet seen nothing 
 alarming, nothing hideous. 
 
 At length my son returned, covered with dust and reeking 
 with perspiration. He had been, at the Palais Royal, and he 
 informed me of all he had seen and heard. There had been 
 fighting until two in the morning in the Rue Saint Honore, 
 and many persons had been killed. He assured me that pre- 
 parations were making for the mo&t vigorous resistance ; that 
 some of the streets were unpaved ; that the National Guard 
 was about to appear in uniform ; that General Lafayette was 
 in Parisj and whither the ministers had fled was unknown. 
 There were no Journals, no documents from authority. A pro- 
 visional government was every w^here called for. The name 
 of Lafayette was repeated from mouth to mouth among the Na- 
 tional Guards, and the people in general. 
 
 At eleven in the forenoon, ordinances and patroles rapidly 
 succeeded each other on the Boulevard St. Antoine. The pa- 
 troles consisted of a hundred men, and they marched along the 
 whole width of the Boulevard, which by this means they 
 cleared, while the people took refuge in the back alleys, ex- 
 claiming '^ Vive la Cliarte /" "•Vive la Liberie !^^ 
 
 I soon heard men coming from the centre of Paris, crying, 
 '* Vive la ligneP^ '•' a has le Roi /" These new cries led me 
 to suppose that the troops of the line had fraternized with the 
 citizens, and that a great revolution had commenced. 
 
 The wind, blowing from the east,*prevented the inhabitants 
 of this quarter from hearing the fusilade in the Rue St. Honore, 
 and its neighbourhood. About one o'clock, several discharges 
 of musketry announced a skirmish on the Boulevard St. Mar- 
 tin, or even nearer. I was all ears ; and the populace, both 
 armed and unarmed, thronged in the direction of the firing. 
 
 The cannonade was now heard at a greater distance : — it 
 was therefore evident that there was fighting at several points ! 
 The fusilade approached the Boulevard St. Antoine ; and the 
 fires in file, and fires in platoon, were distinctly heard. This 
 firing lasted nearly an hour. 
 
 The people who were hurrying to the Place de la Bastile 
 informed us that there had been an engagement at the Port 
 St. Denis, and on the Boulevard St. Martin ; that the troops 
 
100 AKNALS OF THE 
 
 of the line had constantly shown themselves disposed to dis» 
 obey the ministerial orders, but that the Royal Guard had fired 
 every where, even at the windows which they saw open. 
 
 A lady, who lodges in our house, has just arrived from the 
 scene of action, where she happened to be, greatly against her 
 inclination. She fancies she yet hears the balls whizzing 
 around her, for she had saved her life by taking refuge in a 
 stationer's shop ; and she informed us that the troops were 
 marching towards our quarter, which had hitherto been tole- 
 rably peaceable, compared with the other districts of Paris. 
 On the other hand, I was informed that the inhabitants of the 
 Faubourg St. Antoine were organizing themselves and pre- 
 paring for defence. " Where then is your Faubourg St. An- 
 toine, of which so much has been said ?" inquired I, in a tone 
 of dissatisfaction ; " is it composed of the working people 
 whom I have seen passing by since the morning, and of 
 whom five-sixths are not even furnished with sticks ?" '< What 
 you have seen is nothing,'' answered a person who came from 
 that Faubourg ; " you will see the Faubourg St. Antoine come 
 down in the course of the day." 
 
 At that moment discharges of musketry, at the distance of 
 about two hundred paces, announced that there was an engage- 
 ment near at hand. There was a great commotion in the 
 back alleys of the Boulevard, where there were still many 
 working people collected. There was a cry of '* Close your 
 windows 1" and immediately a vast number of troops de- 
 bouched, at a quick step, marching in close columns, the whole 
 width of the boulevard. A party of soldiers, ranged as sharp- 
 shooters, preceded them at the distance of twenty paces. 
 These sharp-shooters fired in the air, and often at the win- 
 dows ; they did not wish them to remain open, lest the troops 
 should be fired at. Unfortunately the blinds of my chamber 
 window were open and fastened against the wall, and I could 
 not rise to close them. I was, therefore, exposed to danger ; 
 for 1 was behind my window, and a soldier of the Royal Guard, 
 who mistook my crutches for muskets on the rampart, threat-- 
 ened me. I turned half round and concealed myself behind 
 the thick wall, thinking that it would be doubly vexatious to 
 be killed so foolishly. 
 
 The sharp-shooters continued firing. The chief portion of 
 the troops marched forward in silence, At the guard-house, 
 which was before me, the customary forms were observed. 
 The word of command was given by the advanced guard, and 
 the troop defiled. After a regiment of infantry came a squad- 
 ron of lancers, and then more infantry, and cuirassiers. The 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. * 101 
 
 'dust, and the position in which I was forced to remain, hin- 
 dered me from seeing whether there was any artillery ; but a 
 few moments afterward I was convinced that there was some. 
 
 This troop, all of the Royal Guard, foot as well as horse, 
 which I estimate at about 2000 men, took up its position on 
 the Place de la Bastile. But no sooner had it arrived there, 
 than the firing of musketry was heard in that direction. 
 Firing in file and in platoon succeeded each other without in- 
 termission, and the report of cannon was heard every three 
 or four minutes ! There was loss of life on both sides. The 
 inhabitants, having but very few arms at their disposal, were 
 forced to retire before the column, which then advanced as 
 far as the cross roads of Reuilly. Here it was reinforced by 
 a battalion and two pieces of cannon from Vincennes. 
 
 1 was afterward informed that the discharge of musketry 
 had been vigorously kept up a little beyond the Rue de Cha- 
 ronne, where many victims had fallen ; that the houses at the 
 corner near the fountain were perforated with balls ; and that 
 scarcely a pane of glass remained in the windows. It was at 
 this fountain that the citizens made the greatest resistance ; 
 while the troops were fired upon, stones, sticks, and every 
 thing that the inhabitants could collect, were thrown from the 
 windows. 
 
 The column advanced no farther ; but soon returned to the 
 Place de la Bastile, whence it proceeded to the Place de 
 Greve, by the way of the Rue St. Antoine. The troops fired 
 in the street ; the people returned the fire ; and here, as well 
 as in the Rue de Faubourg, stones were thrown from the win- 
 dows as well as from the roofs of the houses. This column 
 discharged several pieces of cannon in the Rue St. Antoine: 
 the traces of balls are still visible on several houses ; among 
 others, on that at the corner of the Rue St. Paul. Notwith- 
 standing the sustained firing of the musketry and artillery, the 
 Royal Guard could not advance fiirther than the Rue Beau- 
 doyer, whence it returned to the Place de la Bastile. 
 
 All this transpired between two and three o'clock. The 
 firing then ceased ; but about five o'clock the troop again en- 
 tered the Rue du Faubourg St. Antoine. The firing of mus- 
 ketry and artillery was again renewed in that quarter, and 
 many citizens were killed or wounded. The cannon, which 
 were fired against the windows, knocked down chimneys, &c. 
 A sign, at the third story of the house called the soldat culti^ 
 vateur^ was broken by balls, traces of which are also visible on 
 several other houses. ^ 
 
 This second discharge of musketry lasted more than three- 
 K 
 
102 annaIs of the 
 
 quarters of an hour, and cost, it is said, the lives of thirty or 
 forty inhabitants, exclusive of the wounded, who were still 
 more numerous. 
 
 At six o'clock the column returned to the Place de la Bas- 
 tile, where it appeared disposed to bivouac. It was recalled 
 by an urgent order in the direction of the Place de Greve, 
 whither it repaired by the way of the quays. This movement 
 astonished me ; I could only account for it by supposing that 
 the people had obtained advantages in the centre of Paris, 
 and in the direction of tlie I'uileries. 
 
 From that moment there were neither troops nor patroles 
 in our neighbourhood : nothing remained but the guard-house. 
 Some citizens collecied, marched on the guard-house, and dis- 
 missed the guard, consisting of troops of the line, but with- 
 out doing them any injury. The citizens kept possession of 
 that point until eight or nine b'clock, when some men, return- 
 ing from the centre of Paris, set fire to the guard-house, which, 
 as it was constructed of painted wood, was soon consumed. 
 I was much gratified to observe that these men, who were so 
 furiously destroying the guard-house, took great pains to pre- 
 serve a small barrack adjoining, in which a poor woman sold 
 fried potatoes : it was saved from the flames. 
 
 But, while the barrack of the Boulevard St. Antoine was thus 
 spared, that called the Curtius, on the Boulevard of the Tem- 
 ple, underwent great vicissitudes, on account of the busts of 
 the royal family which were exhibited there. The wax images 
 of Charles X., the Dauphin, the Dauphiness, the Dutchess de 
 Berri, Mademoiselle and the Duke de Bourdeaux, were broken 
 to pieces, as well as the busts of the Popes and holy person- 
 ages by whom the royal family were surrounded. Every one 
 carried oflfa fragment, exclaiming, " Down with Charles X. 1" 
 "Down with the Bourbons!" *VDown with the family who 
 are the enemies of our glory and liberties!" 
 
 The evening concluded, in our part of the town, with the 
 breaking of a street lamp, by some ill-looking labouring men, 
 the only individuals of that class whose appearance had hi- 
 therto displeased me. They seemed thoroughly intoxicated, 
 and had, probably, come from the cabaret^ and not from the 
 field of battle. 
 
 We now learned that there had been fighting all day in the 
 neighbourhood of the Hotel de Ville and the Louvre ; but I 
 was unable to learn any particulars. 1 was, however, assured 
 that next day all the National Guards would be under arms, 
 that we should have a provisional government, and that all 
 would go well. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 103 
 
 Thursday^ July 29ifA. 
 This was a lovely morning. There was a slight mist, and 
 the heat did not promise to be so great as on the preceding 
 day, when it had been 27^. 
 
 At five o'clock some musk^t-shots, fired pretty near me, 
 made me feel some alarm. The commotion which prevailed 
 every where on the Boulevard, denoted an eagerness and an 
 enthusiasm which I had not yet observed from my window. 1 
 soon learned that the shots 1 heard had been fired at the door 
 of the gens-d'armes' barracks, m the Rue de Tournelles, which 
 the people had taken without resistance. The gens-d'armes 
 who were there surrendered their sabres, carbines, pistols, 
 cartridge-boxes, &c., with Vv^hich a great number of the citi- 
 zens had armed themselves. My son, who assisted at the dis- 
 tribution of the spoil of this barrack, related to me many traits 
 of the captors' disinterestedness and humanity. Whatever 
 hatred they entertained against the gens-d'armes, as soon as 
 they saw them disarmed they helped them to carry their knap- 
 sacks, and all that belonged personally to themselves, and no 
 one attempted to purloin any of their property. The fugitives 
 were even escorted to protect them from danger. The agents 
 and clerks in the post-oflTice, which is in front of the barrack, 
 behaved admirably to the gens-d'armes, some of whom were 
 allowed to deposite their uniforms in the post-office, I soon 
 saw a party of the victors passing along the Boulevard Gen- 
 dearmerie. They were elated with the joy of their success. 
 
 Meanwhile other musket-shots were heard in the direction 
 of the Faubourg St. Antoine. The citizens were trying their 
 muskets. 
 
 The collection of armed men, among whom were many lads 
 not more than fifteen or sixteen, momentarily increased be- 
 neath my window. Enthusiasm was at its height. I heard 
 cries of " Viv^ la liberie T^ " A has les Bourbons r'' " Vive 
 la CharteP'' '' Vive le drapeau tri-coloreP^ And some even 
 presumed to raise the cry of '' Ywe Napoleon //./" I was 
 informed that the famous Faubourg St. Antoine would appear 
 at nine o'clock. 
 
 I now, for the first time, saw the National Guards pass by in 
 uniform. This gave me great pleasure. The people received 
 them with cries of " Vive la Garde Nationale P^ A moment 
 after, cries of '' VivelaligneP'' were addressed to some un- 
 armed foot-soldiers who passed by with their knapsacks on 
 their backs. They inquired their way home. Those who di- 
 rected them, said, '* Bon voyage^ hon voyage^ comrades ; tell 
 
104 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 our friends there that we shall speedily make an end of thk^ 
 and that, if France does as we do, the tri-coloured flag will be 
 waving every where in a week. These soldiers, 1 was in- 
 formed, belonged to one of the corps of the line which had 
 fraternized with the inhabitants. In the course of the day, 
 many more of these troops passed. 
 
 The sun, which until eight o'clock had been concealed, shone 
 out brightly about nine o'clock. Many unarmed citizens 
 were still lingering on the Boulevard, when some young men 
 with good muskets, passed and said, " Go to the Arsenal ! it 
 has just surrendered, and they are distributing arms and pow- 
 der." On hearing this, ail hurried off in the direction of the 
 Arsenal. 
 
 At this moment, I heard drums beating a quick march. 
 They were those of the National Guard of the Faubourg. A 
 quarter of an hour afterward, cries of joy? and the beating of 
 a quicker march, announced the approach of a citizen troop, 
 which defiled by the Rue St. Antoine. The National Guards 
 m uniform were at its head, a tri-coloured flag floated in the 
 ranks, and the whole population greeted it with acclamations. 
 
 Let it not be said that a flag or a cockade is merely a vain 
 sign. Men become attached to them, wear them with pride, 
 and often lose their lives rather than abandon them. The glo- 
 rious tri-coloured flags are noble national colours, awakening 
 dear recollections in the mind of every Frenchman. I could 
 well conceive the transports of joy excited by the sight of the 
 tri-coloured flag, inasmuch as I myself shared them. I recol- 
 lected that those colours had, as it were, waved over my 
 cradle. I had seen them float amid those demi-brigades which 
 conquered and regenerated Italy ; and, amid these glorious 
 recollections, 1 thought of the many hours which, since the 
 restoration of the Bourbons, I had passed on the quays of Mar- 
 seilles, gazing on the Dutch flag ; the three colours of which 
 served to call up gratifying illusions. I had always hoped that 
 the enormous fault committed by the Bourbons, in proscribing 
 the national colours, would sooner or later furnish the friends 
 of liberty with a rallying point, that might prove fatal to those 
 who had rejected the tri- colour. 
 
 After this first national troop, which came down from th^ 
 Faubourg St. Antoine to the centre of Paris, three numerous 
 battalions defiled successively, drums beating and colours fly- 
 ing. Meanwhile, the commotion continued on the Boulevard 
 St. Antoine. Armed men continued to arrive from that quasi* 
 tor until nearly noon. 
 
i^lJVOLtJtlON IN FRANCE, 1830. l05 
 
 An extraordinary calm now prevailed. No vehicle was stir- 
 ring, no noise disturbed the silence which prevailed in the 
 Marais ; for the direction of the wind prevented us from hear- 
 ing the engagements at the Hotel de Ville, the Louvre, and the 
 Tuileries. We, in the Marais, were tranquil, while blood was 
 flowing in the centre of Paris, as it had flowed the day before 
 on the Place de la Bastile ! 
 
 The heat was excessive, A poor marchand de coco^ was 
 passing along the Boulevard, when two armed men approached 
 him, and each drank a glass of lemonade. One of the two put 
 his hand into his pocket for the purpose of paying. ^' Never 
 mind, never mind," said the marchand decoco, '^ the republic 
 will pay for it." The men thanked him, and set ofl*at a rapid 
 pace. 
 
 At the same instant two old men met each other. " Whither 
 are you going, neighbour ?" inquired the one. <' I am carry- 
 ing some dinner to my son, who has been down there all the 
 morning.*" Thus these brave fellows went out to fight without 
 knowing where they were to get a dinner. And yet our ene- 
 mies scruple not to say, that the revolution of July, 1830, was 
 bought by gold. The brave artisans of the Faubourg St. An- 
 toine who repulsed the soldiers employed by traitors, were 
 obliged to journey a league to get their dinners. They had 
 not worked during the week, and we know that summer Sun- 
 days are fatal to their pockets. 
 
 About two o'clock, my son came to inform me of some dis- 
 asters which had taken place on the Place Royale. One of the 
 people, armed with a musket, had killed an oflFicerof the Na- 
 tional Guard carrying despatches ; he had mistaken him for an 
 officer of the Royal Guard, and, being somewhat intoxicatedjr 
 had fired his piece at the oflicer. But no sooner had he com- 
 mitted this unwitting assassination, when another citizen laid 
 him dead on the spot. Soon after a thief was taken, and shot 
 on the same spot. The people seemed indignant to find that 
 there were thieves arnong the ranks of the patriots, an 1 they 
 made a prompt and severe example of him. 
 
 A man, in a state of intoxication, who had menaced with 
 his loaded musket the people who were peaceably walking 
 along the Boulevard, was disarmed before my eyes, in spite of 
 the resistance he made. The citizens who seized him were 
 
 * Whttt are called murchands de coco, in Paris, are men who carry on' 
 their backs vessels filled with lemonade, sweetened with treacle,* 
 "ihey sell this beverage at two liards per glass. 
 K2 
 
106 ANNAIiS OF THE 
 
 mechanics. " No one," said they, " should drink to-day ; to'-^ 
 morrow we will drink success to the republic." The piece 
 thus obtained served to arm a youth, who set off at full speed. 
 
 It was about five o'clock, when discharges of musketry, di- 
 i^ected upon the Boulevard of the Temple, again roused our 
 attention. I could not conceive the cause of the firing. It 
 was maintained without intermission ; but I did not observe 
 the firing in file and in platoon, firing which I had noticed on 
 the preceding evening. At the expiration of a few minutes^ 
 shouts of joy, mingled with the discharge of musketry, an- 
 nounced a victory. 
 
 A man, decorated with an order, exclaimed, addressing him- 
 self to me, >* It is all over. The Hotel de Ville, the Louvre,^ 
 and the Tuileries, are taken. The Swiss and the Royal 
 
 Guard, have retreated towards the Champs-Elysees We 
 
 have a provisional government. General Lafayette is at the 
 head of the National Guard : he has under his orders the brave 
 General Gerard. The pupils of the Polytechnic School, the 
 Students of Law and Physic, have immortalized themselves. 
 The National Guard is covered with glory. In a word, the 
 whole population has shown itself truly heroic. Old men, 
 women, children, all have rivalled each other in ardour. This 
 will be one of the greatest festival days Paris ever saw. Li- 
 berty is saved, and for ever will dwell with the French." 
 
 As the citizen pronounced these words, I felt myself trans- 
 ported with joy. My dearest wishes were near being accom- 
 plished. I had again seen the tri-coloured flag unfurled ; it 
 now floated over the Hotel de Ville and the palace of the Tui- 
 leries. I saw at the head of the National Guard that venera- 
 ble general whose very name struck awe among the enemies 
 of the people. I felt my heart dilate ; and yet I suffered some 
 painful feeling amid all this happiness. I was deprived of 
 the most precious of blessings, health, without which I could 
 render my country no actual service. But, for a moment, I 
 felt my calamity lightened ; and I thought I could have run 
 and embraced all the citizens whom I saw returning. I heard 
 them cry, "J has les Bourbons T^ Several rounds of mus- 
 ket-shot, fired into the air, announced to their wives and pa- 
 rents that victory was with the people. 
 
 General Lafayette was proclaimed the saviour of France \ 
 cries of '^ Lafayette for ever!" " Liberty for ever!" rent the 
 air ; for each company, each platoon, each group, repeated 
 them once, and they were answered from the windows of the 
 houses. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRAI^OE, 1830. 101^ 
 
 The conquerors continued to defile for a considerable time. 
 The first stanzas of the Marseilles hynm were sung in chorus. 
 I remarked in every company women between the ranks, car- 
 rying the muskets and swords of their husbands and brothers. 
 A great many of the boys were furnished with cartridge boxes ; 
 and some had put on their fathers' fur caps. Never were my 
 eyes so blessed. 
 
 I was still gazing with rapture, when another spectacle, of a 
 more affecting kind, appeared in view. A platoon of twenty 
 armed men, preceded by some National Guards in uniform, 
 carrying branches of laurel, and followed by many womeihwith 
 children in their arms, issued from one of the cross alleys of 
 the Boulevard. In the midst of this platoon was a bier, 
 borne by several men ; it contained the remains of one of the 
 victims of the preceding day. In the course of the evening 
 many similar funerals passed my window. The people cried 
 out '* hats off!" and every one uncovered with a feeling of re- 
 ligious respect. 
 
 ORIGINAL LETTER. 
 
 In the annexed letter from an English gentleman to a friend, 
 there is matter of amusement and interest. It has been 
 obligingly communicated for this publication. 
 
 August 2, 1830. 
 My Dear R — -, ^ 
 
 As you may wish to get some account of the events which 
 are now known over Europe, I write for your satisfaction a 
 short notice of the circumstances which fell under my own ob- 
 servation. After paying a dreadfully long bill at Calais, we 
 took our seats in the diligence, and in about thirty-six hours 
 arrived at Paris, On Monday, the 26th, we took a warm bath 
 and lodgings, and walked through some of the streets before 
 we retired for the night. 
 
 On Tuesday we awoke, anticipating novelty and pleasure,- 
 and saw more of the city. We w^ere rather disappointed by 
 not finding the gayety and light-heartedness we expected ; there 
 appeared bustle and anxiety rather than amusement and absence 
 of care. At that timaw^e little knew the cause. 
 
 About two o'clock, on our return home, we saw a large body 
 of military, horse and foot, drawn up in an open space near tha 
 
108 ANNALS Of< TH£^ 
 
 Champs-EIysees. We stopped to observe their appearance^ 
 and compare with our own men at home, and came to the con- 
 clusion that scarcely any troops could be found to beat them.- 
 Some of the cavalry soon cantered away, and we went to our 
 lodgings. 
 
 To understand me perfectly, I must acquaint you that the 
 Louvre, the Tuileries, and the Champs-EIysees, are in a con- 
 tinued line by the side of the Seine, and in the order men- 
 tioned, and that our lodgings are near the quays, but not on 
 them, on the opposite side of the Louvre, &c. There are broad 
 quays on both sides. 
 
 After dinner we went to walk in the gardens of the Tuile- 
 ries, and spent some time in admiring the novelty of the style. 
 A bustle at one end attracted our attention, and we hastened 
 to discover the matter. Near some new buildings in a state of 
 progress were a set of men destroying the pipes for water j, 
 and, at the end of this building, heaping up piles of stones, 
 and making a breast-high barrier across the street. This was 
 in the Rue St. Honore. Not understanding the language, and 
 unwilling to expose our ignorance by asking questions, we re- 
 mained a short time looking on, and then thought it ad- 
 visable to retire. There was the appearance of increasing tu- 
 mult, and we moved away until we came to a large church. 
 We stood on the steps three or four minutes, busy in conjec- 
 turing the cause of what we had seen, when a loud shout 
 arose ; and on looking towards the barrier, we saw a body of 
 cavalry approaching it, and then we perceived the purpose for 
 which it had been thrown up. The troop of horse was met 
 with such a shower of stones and other missiles as quickly 
 caused it to waver. Infantry advanced from behind, and, when 
 at the barrier, fired ; and in a moment the crowd was dispersed. 
 We were within twenty yards, and, hastily quitting the dan- 
 gerous position we had unwittingly taken up, we hurried across 
 the street, and found shelter in a druggist's opposite. The 
 firing continued for a short time, and then the soldiers occu- 
 pied the place we had quitted. We were still ignorant of what 
 was the matter ; for the druggist was in a dreadful state of ex- 
 citement, and, when the soldiers appeared opposite his house, 
 he had ordered a dead silence to be kept. They marched off 
 to secure the advantage they had gained, and the door was once 
 more opened. I should have stated that the shops were all 
 closed, and our getting shelter was providential in the extreme. 
 As soon as the soldiers had left, the man of the house ap- 
 proached Tom, and, taking him by the shoulder, told him, in* 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 109 
 
 English, *' that he could not permit his stay there ; that his 
 honse was not provided" (against a siege I suppose), " and that 
 he could not harbour us." We vi^ere obliged to leave the house, 
 and, as tumult and musketry mingled their discordant sounds 
 behind us, we hurried forward, not knowing whither we went, 
 or how we could return. Our uncertainty and personal dan^ 
 ger resulted from our ignorance of French, and consequently 
 of any cause existing for disturbance. We had convincing 
 proof that child's play was not the order of the day. Before 
 we went ten yards, jhree men passed us covered with blood. 
 One was of Herculean frame and colossal stature. He stag- 
 gered towards us, exclaimed something in French, and drop- 
 ped. He had been shot in the head ; and a finer body I never 
 beheld. The other two hastened to the druggist's shop we had 
 quitted. After making a circuit we turned down a street, pre- 
 suming it might lead us to the river. At the end a crowd was 
 collected round a man who had been shot through the breast, 
 and was receiving assistance. Five minutes before we came 
 up, the soldiery had passed this spot, had been obstinately and 
 bravely resisted, but had forced their opponents to retire. The 
 wounded man we saw was one of many whom they had left in 
 that state ; this I learned afterward. You may imagine how 
 we, who had come to Paris for amusement, were astonished 
 and alarmed by the *' untoward events" in our first morning's 
 walk, during which musketry was constantly ringing in our 
 ears, mingled with execrations from the infuriated populace^ 
 and the groans of wounded and dying men on all sides around 
 us I We got home as soon as we could in safety, and inquired 
 immediately concerning what we had seen ; but either our 
 imperfect attempts at French were unintelligible, or those in 
 the house were themselves ignorant of the cause, for neither 
 could understand the other. We determined to go the next 
 day to Galignani's, where we were certain of finding English^ 
 men, and obtaining information. 
 
 On Wednesday morning, after breakfast, we set out. Paris 
 was in a frightful state of agitation. We passed through files 
 of soldiers at the Pont INeuf. Within forty or fifty yards a 
 huge barrier was thrown up. Paris is paved with square stones 
 like those in Cheapside, but larger. These had been torn up 
 and heaped together. Here there was an immense concourse 
 of people, armed in every manner they could devise. We 
 passed through the crowd and reached Galignani's, and there 
 learned^ for the first time^ that a great people were fighting foj> 
 
110 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 their liberties, and that '' war to the knife" had been deter- 
 mined on. Scarcely had we entered Galignani's, when the at- 
 tack commenced — this was about eleven o'clock. The firing 
 continued all day, and with frightful exactitude. Cannon had 
 not been used on Tuesday. To-day they played a chief part. 
 Some gentlemen at Galignani's seemed much alarmed. One 
 of them mentioned that he had applied for a passport, and was 
 refused. The mails also had been stopped. The conflict con- 
 tinued ail day; and I witnessed many marks of its effects. 
 Wounded men were carried along, and I remarked that they 
 were unaccompanied, except by those who bore them. The 
 bearers w^ere generally two : the unfortunate man was laid on 
 a sort of litter, made of two long poles, resting on the shoulders 
 of the two men, and the sufferer was borne gently, but quickly. 
 At the end of the Rue Vivienne is the Bourse, a noble build- 
 ing answering to our Exchange. At this place I beheld a ci- 
 tizen bear the dead body of a woman on his shoulder, and cast 
 it among the people collected to hear the news. He spoke in 
 French a few. words, which were answered by a loud and con- 
 tinued shout, and the people hurried from the spot. I, with a 
 few others, remained to gaze on the lifeless body. She was 
 about forty years of age, and had been shot by one of the Swiss 
 Guards. I learned that the address, delivered the moment be- 
 fore, was to the effect that the hearers would be justly punished 
 for their inactivity and debasement, if the hfe or death of their 
 mothers and wives was of equal consequence in their eyes. 
 The sight of the dead body, and this address, aroused the peo- 
 ple to whom it was delivered. They instantly rushed off to 
 attack the Swiss guard-house at the end of the Rue Richelieu ; 
 and, out of 300 men stationed there, twenty only escaped death. 
 The houses about this place have marks of the balls in every 
 part. I made many excursions from Galignani's during the 
 day, and never without seeing something indicatory of war- 
 fare. We returned home about five o'clock, and about seven 
 went to the quay. On the opposite side of the river, near the 
 Louvre, were the King's troops, and on our quay were the ci- 
 tizens and National Guard. They were loading, firing, and 
 falling. That more have not been killed has astonished me ; 
 for artillery was playing the whole time. I left this place 
 about eight o'clock, and retired to bed at ten ; and the can- 
 nonade continued all night. 
 
 The next morning, Thursday, I saw but little change in the 
 positions. The troops were nearer to the entrance of the 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. HI 
 
 Louvre, and the National Guard and the people farther down 
 the quay, showing that the latter had gained some ground. It 
 was here that the military made their last stand. They were 
 beaten into the Louvre. It was stormed, and the National 
 Guard became masters of France. 
 
 When we heard that the citizens were conquerors, we be- 
 came anxious as to the fate of the foreigners in Paris, and went 
 to Galignani's. In every direction were the citizens discharg- 
 ing firearms, shouting " Vive la Chartel" and forcing every 
 one they met to do the same. We of course joined in the 
 shout. The first thing we beheld on crossing the bridge, on the 
 other side, was a heap of bodies from yesterday's firing. We 
 hastened from the sight, but only to witness similar scenes at 
 every turn. One heap in particular attracted my attention. It 
 was a small one — All the faces were upwards and covered with 
 blood : on the summit was a youth of about sixteen, beautiful 
 in face, and with a skin like snow — he appeared asIeep^ — in 
 one hand was the remnant of some paper which he had used 
 perhaps for wadding. I could hardly persuade myself that he 
 was dead ; he lay so calm. We hastened on and lost our- 
 selves in endeavouring to find Galignani's. On entering a street, 
 we came upon a single body of tremendous size ; I knew it at 
 once — it was the man that fell in the contest of Tuesday from 
 the first fire. We then discovered where we were. At Ga- 
 lignani's they said a siege was threatened, and that the English 
 were in great odium with the French. The tri-coloured cock- 
 ade was at this time worn by every body, and of course by me. 
 On our return home we found the Place du Carousel, which is 
 the square of the Tuileries, occupied by the National Guard, 
 who were then refreshing themselves. Many hundreds had 
 neither taken food nor tasted drink for six-and- thirty hours, and 
 this in such scorching weather as I never before endured. We 
 hastened to^the Champs- Elysees, but every gate was occupied 
 by citizens of the National Guard reeking from victory, and 
 animated w^ith draughts of wine, which they were obliged to 
 take unmixed to slake their thirst : water could not be obtained 
 to mix with it. I presented myself boldly at one of the gates : 
 it opened ; I entered, and my friend followed. We made for 
 the other gate, not doubting but that we could depart as easily 
 as we entered. What was our horror to find that every per- 
 son that presented himself was searched! I had about 
 me our passports, a letter to you giving some account of 
 affairs here, and some letters of introduction which I had not 
 
!1£ ANNALS OF THE 
 
 yet delivered. My friend had also letters of introduction to an 
 officer of the Royal Guard, which woukl have been sufficient 
 to seal our warrant, even could we have spoken to thenn in 
 French. To retreat was impossible ; I therefore assumed a 
 bold appearance. One of the searchers was in a state of in- 
 toxication. In his hands at that moment was an old man with 
 a small vessel of earthen-ware containing sugar ; tbis was 
 dashed to the ground, after ascertaining that no paper was con- 
 cealed in it. In a side pocket he had some printed papers, 
 which the searcher paused to examine. While engaged in this 
 work, a person came up briskly and demanded instant egress. 
 He was known, and the gate immediately opened. I pushed 
 after him, and was stopped. The searcher of the sugar vessel 
 pulled open my coat, took off my hat, pressed his hands 
 down my sides, and finally suffered me to pass. My friend 
 followed, and thus we got free : — he forgot to examine our 
 hind pockets. 
 
 In looking at all this extraordinary business, I know not whe- 
 ther more to admire the determination and bravery of the peo- 
 ple, or the extreme mildness with which they have used their 
 ^ victory. People goaded to resistance by arbitrary power, and 
 maddened by the loss of comrades, friends, and relatives in 
 the struggle, were likely to commit excesses, while their ex- 
 citation lasted. These high-spirited men, who risked their 
 lives for liberty, showed that they wanted no more than they 
 claimed—they avenged themselves, without revenge against 
 their enemies. 
 
 We came to Paris for recreation, and in a week saw the 
 breaking out and termination of a mighty revolution. On the 
 Monday following, the shops were open, people at their usual 
 business, and gayety, ^ though with a subdued mien,' presiding 
 in the public walks. The barriers in the streets are now mostly 
 displaced, and the lamps are restored. 
 
 I went on Sunday to view the place where some thousands 
 of the citizens who fell on the three days are interred. Where 
 the pit was dug it is enclosed by a railing. Flowers are sus- 
 pended around, and there is intimation that subscriptions will 
 be accepted for the widows and children of the deceased, and 
 for the wounded. 
 
 On the day of the victory, when all was over, the National 
 Guard marched to the Bourse ; they were well armed, and a 
 young girl, about seventeen years of age, and very handsome, 
 was carried in triumph. She fought like a man — a second 
 Joan of Arc — the whole time. 
 
HEVOXUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 113 
 
 ANOTHER LETTER. 
 
 Mr. Philip Taylor, formerly of Norwich, and long settled 
 
 in the neighbourhood of Paris, writes as follows to his brother, 
 
 ^ Mr. Richard Taylor, of London, a gentleman well known as a 
 
 learned printer, and a resolute asserter and defender of the 
 
 principles of civil and religious liberty. 
 
 Grenelle, Paris^ August dthy 1830. 
 My dear R. 
 
 On my return from Paris this evening, I found your letter 
 of the 6th instant. I wrote to my nephew, J. E. T., on Friday^ 
 the 30th of July, while bullets were still whistling over out 
 heads, and while with my telescope I could see the tri-coloured 
 flag on Notre Dame, and the white one on the Palace of St. 
 Cloud. Expecting the Post would be interrupted, I took this 
 letter to the English Ambassador's and enclosed it in a cover 
 to J. We are all quite safe and well ; but you must have been 
 anxious about us. The incessantroarof guns, the distant shouts, 
 the tocsin, and the very sight of men nobly fighting in so sacred a 
 cause, gave rise to feelings which you may in some faint degree 
 imagine. I was much out of humour with the clogs which pre- 
 vented my lending a hand. Never was a righteous end more 
 righteously obtained ! The praises bestowed on the people 
 in the newspapers are not more than they richly deserve. In 
 a letter which I wrote to my nephew, jusl after the elections, I 
 said that these people knew their rights and would defend them. 
 I told him that the French army, that is, the line, could not be 
 depended upon in any attack on the people. I never doubted 
 as to the result, if such a conflict was commenced ; but I 
 certainly did not calculate on such wicked fools as those 
 who brought all this about. I have often expressed to you my 
 opinion as to the sobriety, prudence, and -honesty of the lower 
 classes in France ; but I did not expect to see the most un- 
 daunted valour united with such moderation and forbearance. 
 1 myself have seen what by some would be called the rabbh 
 performing acts of the most generous kindness even to the 
 Swiss who had been firing incessantly on them ! The instant 
 they struck the banners of despotism, every angry feeling 
 seemed to vanish. The last body of troops were driven from 
 I'Ecole Militaire. I was among them, and the people on the 
 plain of Grenelle. They were dreadfully cut up and exhausted* 
 Wine and food were hberally given to them while their arms 
 
 L 
 
1 14 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 remained in their hands. During this conflict every sort of re- 
 straint was at an end, yet was every description of property 
 most religiously respected. After the fight was won, 1 had a 
 multitude of poor fellows all around me in the Champ de Mars, 
 &c., absolutely in want of food. I expected they would come 
 and help themselves in my potato field, which was open to them. 
 - — Nothing was touched — and, when I and my man dug up a 
 load and sent to them, a person instantly begged my name, and 
 put it down, stating the gift. Those who bore the brunt of the 
 battle were chiefly the working men, and a vast proportion of 
 these were little more than boys. Still they all appeared 
 to knov/ and feel why they ought to fight. It was not for the 
 sake of a row, nor had personal animosity any thing to do 
 with it. AH appeared anxious to give their lives for their 
 country, 
 
 1 have always been the friend of the working classes in 
 England as far as I had power of being so, and I do ardently 
 wish that they could be deeply impressed by the example 
 lately ^et them by the same class in France. As to bravery 
 and intelligence, I have no doubt of their being equal ; but it 
 is the independence and manliness of character which they 
 should admire and imitate. It is this which makes the lower 
 orders in France prudent, honest, and civil. This glorious battle 
 was fought during three of the hottest days I ever remember. 
 The quays were covered with casks of wine and brandy ; none 
 was pillaged, nor did I see a drunken man during the fray. 
 They certainly have triumphed most gloriously, and they appear 
 jdelighted with their victory : still they can enjoy all this without 
 getting drunk and making a tumult. This has been such a 
 Cleansing Weeh"^ as no Norwich man ever before witnessed ; 
 but, alas ! as a Norwich man, 1 feel mortified when I remember 
 that in a mere ward election I have seen more that was dis- 
 graceful, both in battle and triumph, than has here taken j)lace 
 in turning out a King and all his vile crew. 
 
 I believe the working classes in England are more to be 
 pitied than blamed. They are generally treated like an infe- 
 rior race of animals by the rich ; for mere money in England 
 produces the vilest of all aristocratical feelings and conduct. 
 These are most naturally met by either servility or brutality. 
 If this haughty feeling on the part of the rich were in a degree 
 neutralized by an equal degree of virtue and honesty, there 
 
 • * A name given to the week appointed for the annual election of 
 the Common Council, 
 
HEVOLUllON IN FllANCE, 1830. Il5 
 
 itiight be something to say for it : but look at the English 
 newspapers ; they are filled with examples of infamy in the 
 higher^classes. Let us remember that there is scarcely a parish 
 in Great Britain in which you may not find an unprincipled 
 lawyer, ready to put all the infernal machinery of English 
 law in motion, for the service of any rogue who can pay 
 him. Look to Poor laws 1 Game laws ! and Excise laws I 
 which are enforced by petty tyrants called Squires, or, worse, 
 by men who are called Ministers of the Gospel. I don't 
 wonder that the poor are reckless in England ; — the more they 
 are enlightened, the more will they feel indignant; and it is 
 natural that they should be ferocious. All these evils were 
 put an end to by the former revolution in France, and what 
 has been the consequence ? The regeneration of the national 
 character, or rather the creation of a people virtuous enough 
 to overthrow a bad government, and wise enough to form a 
 good one, with the least possible quantity of tumult or sufiering. 
 It is folly to say they might have done all this in 1789 ; — it was 
 impossible, the materials were not fit for the work. Nor could 
 such a change as this recent one in France be effected iri Eng- 
 land. The very state of society is a bar to such a change. 
 You must go on quietly getting what you can, and you can aim 
 at no object more important than Election by Ballot. Look 
 at the present Chamber of Deputies, actually elected during 
 the reign of Charles X,, who with his wicked Ministers did 
 all they could to trick, awe, and bribe the voters. Yet this 
 present Chamber has the full confidence of the people, and is 
 • equally well suited to the present order of things. The only 
 change required is an extension of the right of voting, whiph 
 w^iil be made. That accursed contrivance to destroy both re- 
 ligion and good government, by the union of Church and 
 State, is at an end. There will no longer exist a political 
 religion to disgust men with the very name ; and the true 
 spirit of religion will soon find its place in the minds of the- 
 people. 
 
 As the newspapers have given you full details as to what has 
 been done, and is doing, I have not thought it necessary to re- 
 peat them. I saw Louis Philippe L go to the Chamber; he 
 is a fine hearty fellow. I saw that man of men, the good old 
 General, yesterday. Oh, lie looks so happy ! What a de- 
 lightful finish to a long and well-spent life ! 
 
 I am glad to see that you have started a subscription among 
 ihe working classesv Nothing is more important for the peace 
 
Its ANNALS OP THE 
 
 and welfare of both countries than a friendly feeling, and no- 
 thing will do more to bring this about than the very thing yoii^ 
 propose. The number of subscribers is far more important 
 tban the sum subscribed ; I almost wish a portion of this money 
 could be employed in placing some lasting memorial of the 
 English feeling on this occasion. I shall call on La Fayette 
 in a few days. I beheve he is as anxious for peace abroad 
 as for good government at home, and this sentiment is^ 
 general. 
 
 Let me hear how this subscription goes on; and, if 1 can 
 do any thing here, set me to work. We are all quite well. 
 All the young ones are in high go. The boys came home on^ 
 Saturday with their colours mounted. S. is playing La Mar- 
 seillaise, and E. acts the whole Garde Nationale. AH is per- 
 fectly tranquil ; the streets are repaying, and every thing looks 
 as gay and bus3f as if nothing had happened. No one of 
 my acquaintance has suffered in any way. Public credit stands 
 higher than ever. The exchange with England is almost at 
 par. 
 
 lam glad to hear that the B. & W. cockade has triumphed 
 in Norwich. I remember wearing the tri-colour there nearly 
 forty years ago.— May nothing soil this glorious badge of 
 liberty I Send me, if you can, the music of '* Fall, Tyrants, 
 fall !" O, how I wish you and E. had come here, just for the 
 revolution I You might have seen the whole performance in a 
 week. He must come and see us. This France will be a bettei? 
 country than ever to live in. Believe me 
 
 Your affectionate Brother, 
 
 P. 
 
 FRIDAY, JULY 30. 
 
 The Moniieur, in the absence of an acknowledged govern- 
 ment, was not published yesterday. This morning it appeared^ 
 bearing the dates of the 29th and 30th of July. The follow- 
 ing officii article constituted its entire contents : — 
 
 *' PROVISIONAL GOVERISMENT. 
 
 '* The Deputies present at Paris have found it necessary to 
 assemble to remedy the serious dangers which threatened the 
 security of persons and groijerty. A. commissiaq, hasi b.e,ea, ap- 
 
lifiVOliFTIOrJ IN FRANCE, iSSO. 117 
 
 jDointed to watch over the interests of all, in the entire absence 
 of a regular organization. 
 
 *' Messrs. Audry de Puiraveau, Comte Gerard, Jacques La- 
 fitte, Cornte de Lobau, Mauguin, Odier, Casimir Perrier, and 
 De Schonen, compose thi§ Commission. 
 
 '* General Lafayette is Commander-in-chief of the National' 
 Guard. 
 
 " The National Guard are masters of Paris at all points." 
 
 At two o'clock in the morning the mails with yesterday's let- 
 ters were despatched under the protection of the National 
 Guard. The carriages were at the barriers, and the bags were 
 conveyed to them. 
 
 Not a soldier was to be seen in Paris, excepting those of the' 
 line, who had refused to fire. Yesterday evening the division 
 of General Bourdesouille appeared at the iron gate of the ave- 
 nue to Paris, desiring permission to re-enter Versailles, in order 
 to return to its quarters ; but the National Guards informed the 
 General that his troops must not return into the city unless they 
 laid down their arms, and that if they used force they would be 
 resisted. The General did not venture an attack ; his troops 
 bivouacked on the road, and this morning, after some parley- 
 ing, an arrangement was made, and the whole division entered, 
 amid cries of ""Vive la Gharte P^ This division was com- 
 posed of a battalion of the gen-d'armerie of Paris, both horse 
 and foot ; of a regiment of grenadiers, on horseback ; of a 
 company of horse artillery ; and a regiment of cuirassiers. 
 
 The furious and deadly struggle of yesterday had decided 
 the question between Charles X. and the people ; and they re- 
 posed in security. This morning there prevailed a perfect calm 
 and stillness throughout the city. Until a late hour the com- 
 batants for liberty were reposing from fatigue and exhaustion. 
 Some who lived in distant quarters, and had been too wearied 
 to reach their humble homes, threw themselves into recesses or 
 any places they could find convenient for rest. At noon, on 
 the stalls of the Palais Royal, there were young men lying ap- 
 parently dead, without their coats, with their muskets across 
 their breasts ; they were buried in p^rofound sleep. It was a^ 
 delicious morning — as warm as during the three days, when^ 
 the glass, wi^h little variation, was at 86°. 
 
 Orders had been given the evening before for military ra- 
 tions of provisions,' and by noon 60,000 rations of bread were 
 i?eady tx) be distributed^ to^ the national volunteers, who hadi 
 
 La 
 
118 A^JfALS 01* TiM' 
 
 left their work to fight for the <^good old cause.'^ TliW 
 precaution, in their behalf, was prudent and just. They were 
 workmen who had been paid their wages on the Satur- 
 day, most of which had been exhausted by claims the same 
 evening ; and, probably, little was left on Monday for them- 
 selves or their families, since when they had earned nothing but- 
 laurels. 
 
 The markets to-day were well sui>plied with provisions, which= 
 were sold with the same security as usual. The vehicles which 
 brought provisions from the environs of Paris remained at the 
 barriers, because the streets were barricaded and otherwise 
 impassable. The dealers went and fetched their supplies in 
 baskets. 
 
 To succour the wounded, and dispose of the killed, were im- 
 mediate cares. The dead were buried in the streets, markets, 
 and other convenient spots. The number that perished in the 
 Louvre was great. Eighty were borne to a spot opposite the 
 eastern gate, and buried with military honours. Those that 
 fell near the Seine were stripped and tied in sacks, put on board 
 lighters, carried down the Seine, and interred in the Champ 
 de Mars, A considerable number, among whom were four 
 Englishmen, were buried ia the Marche des Innocens. In the 
 Quartier des Halles there had been terrible carnage. The in- 
 habitants at the corner of the Rue de la Cordonnerie dug a 
 temporary grave, which they ornamented with flowers, laurels, 
 and funeral elegies, in honour of the brave defenders of their 
 country buried in that place. 
 
 The Bourse and other public buildings were converted into 
 hospitals, where the wounded were attended by hundreds of 
 ladies ; for the men were under arms, or occupied with other 
 important duties. The Rue Basse des Ramparts was con- 
 verted, even during the battle, into one large receptacle for the 
 wounded, by extending sheets from the houses to the wall of the 
 Boulevards. At every instant were to be met biers with such 
 of the mutilated defenders of public liberty as could be trans- 
 ported to the hospitals with safety ; 1500 of all parties were 
 in the Hotel Dieu alone. While each of these unfortunates 
 passed, every man present spontaneously and respectfully took 
 off his hat. The galleries of Vivienne and Colbert displayed 
 a noble sight. All the merchandise deposited there, the linens^^ 
 calicoes, &c., were torn up for bandages for the wounded. 
 
 At an early hour the following, address was widely circu- 
 lated :-— 
 
Devolution in franoe, 183t). 11§^ 
 
 " ORDE OFFICIAL. 
 
 ^' Vive la patrie ! vive la liberte ! vive la Charte I et a bas 
 Charles Dix ! 
 
 ^^ Vive le Due (I'Orleans, notre RoiP^ 
 
 This paper obtained great attention, because it was printed 
 at the Office of the National^ a journal greatly esteemed by the 
 republicans, and usually deemed their organ. The reflecting 
 men of this party were for the greatest happiness of the greater 
 number ; agd being well acquainted with the character of 
 the Duke of Orleans, they were convinced that all the advan- 
 tages of a commonwealth, which France could enjoy, would be 
 ensured by calling him to fill the vacant throne, upon condi- 
 tions to be stipulated. The ultra-republicans were fewer in 
 number, and not so well pleased. They cried, especially in 
 the Faubourg, '-'- Vive la Republique /" A i^ew shouted, '' Vive 
 Napoleon II. /" It was understood that Lafayette and the De- 
 puties of the Extreme Left, in the Chamber, had consented, on 
 certain guarantees for public liberty, to support the nomination 
 of the Duke of Orleans. The prospect of this settlement was 
 gratifying to the merchants, tradesmen, and wealthy classes, 
 because it promised security for property. No one spoke of 
 the return of Charles X. His adherents, and the only con- 
 tenders for succession in his line, were returned emigrants, or 
 their descendants, born with hereditary hatred to freedom ; and 
 a band of slave-making priests, who glorified the monarchy, 
 because it assisted them to dazzle the ignorant with the 
 scorching splendour of the church, and obscure the light of the 
 pure and^ undefiled religion of universal liberty. They were 
 few in number, and desperate in purpose, and, under a disaster 
 that deprived them of their rallying point, and which seemed 
 to portend an end to priestcraft, and kings of the old school, 
 they preserved a wily silence. 
 
 The National contained an article declaratory of the gene- 
 ral feeling, commencing as follows : — 
 
 '^ Paris, July 3(y. 
 
 '^ After fifteen years of an odious and dishonourable reigny 
 the house of Bourbon is for the second time excluded from the 
 throne. The Chamber of Deputies has this day pronounced 
 this grand resolution, by calling the house of Orleans to the 
 Lieutenant-Generalship of the kingdom. 
 
 *^ This satisfaction was due to the French people, who have 
 endured, during fifteen years, a Government incapable, vexa- 
 t4ou3, prodigal, and injurious to the country. 
 
f20 ANNAIS OF THE 
 
 " For fifteen years past, France has not been at liberty tb^ 
 pronounce with eulogiuni the glorious names of the men who 
 delivered her in 1789. The revolution was held to be an act 
 for which the country was bound to repent, and to ask pardon. 
 France was obliged to apologize for having wished to be free. 
 
 " The brave men of the old army were almost compelled to 
 find an excuse for their victories, or were obliged to receive 
 from foreign hands the confirmation of their glory. 
 
 " Trade was without protection. Our foreign intBrests 
 were surrendered to the chances of alliance, calculated accord- 
 ing to what was called an interest of dynasty. It is proper to 
 be a friend of all, but it is not well to be weak with respect to 
 any one. 
 
 *' Our finances were the prey of a frightful system of waste ; 
 our roads in a vvoful state of neglect. France, the most civil- 
 ized nation of Europe, has the worst roads. Our fortresses 
 were all dismantled. The milliard which has been given to 
 the emigrants would have sufiiced to put our roads and our 
 fortresses in the best possible condition. 
 
 ^' France was subject to the command of incapable and de- 
 generate princes, in-no way in harmony with the spirit of the 
 nation. 
 
 '< The throne was destined to pass from a feeble and obsti- 
 nate father, destitute of all sort of knowledge, to a son without 
 intelligence, and uriacqaainted with the interests he was to di- 
 rect. 
 
 ** The future was as gloomy for France as the present. 
 
 '^ Finally, this deposed family shed oceans of French blood 
 for the cause of usurped power,— that comprehended in the 
 ordinances. 
 
 " But punishment was not long delayed. The ordinances 
 subversive of our rights appeared on Monday, and this day, 
 Friday, the forfeiture is pronounced. 
 
 " The Chamber felt the necessity of establishing a govern- 
 ment in lieu of that just overthrown. We need a prompt, vi^ 
 gorous, and active organization. Situated in the centre of Eu- 
 rope, amid a number of rival powers, v*^e require a firm and 
 stable government. The republic, which has so many attrac- 
 tions for generous minds, succeeded ill with us thirty years 
 ago. Exposed to the rivalry of the generals, it fell under the 
 blows of the first man of genius who tried to make himself its 
 master. What we want is that republic, disguised under 
 a monarchy, by means of representative government. The- 
 
REVOLTTTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 121 
 
 Charter, always the Charter, with such modifications as rea- 
 son and the pubUc interest indicate. In fine, the tri-colours." 
 
 The streets were crowded with people of all classes ; senti- 
 nels of the National Guard regulated the passage through them. 
 The barricades having been opened on each side, the tide of 
 passengers moved forward on the one hand, and those descend- 
 ing the street kept the other. There were no groups, no shout- 
 ing : not the least disturbance. If a child had known its way, 
 it could have walked from one end of the city to the other, un- 
 molested ; if it had strayed, it would have been conveyed to its 
 home. The people, who had been two days fighting, had be- 
 come the police. 
 
 It is a fact suflicient to characterize the glorious revolution 
 which delivered France from an odious and humiHating yoke, 
 that to-day the Bank was guarded in part by the National Guard?^ 
 and in part by those of the people whom an insolent aristocracy 
 called canaille. The National Guard was mounted at other 
 public edifices, and at the barriers, where neither exit nor en~ 
 trance was allowed without an order. 
 
 In different quarters of the city, the population endured se- 
 vere privations. They mt3stly declined to accept assistance 
 from those who were moved by their destitution. A gentlertian 
 on several occasions proflTered money to persons who had hardly 
 a shoe to their feet f in one instance only could he prevail upon 
 a poor fellov/ to accept money. The man was oflfered five 
 francs ; he refused that sum, and consented to take twenty sous^ 
 which he said was to buy a few glasses of wine for himself and 
 his comrades, who were ready to drop down in the street. 
 
 There were scenes more agreeable and even ludicrous. Pro- 
 cessions of armed men carried bread and other provisions, with 
 exulting and whimsical devices, on the points of their bayonets. 
 Workmen were mounted on the horses of cuirassiers, and 
 horses of the guard of Charles X., whom they had defeated yes- 
 terday. Boys, almost clotheless, wore the plumed hats of of- 
 ficers and generals, and court swords dangled from the sides of 
 porters and kennel-rakers. 
 
 Whatever was the character of the Paris populace under 
 the former revolution, when emerging from thorough slavery^ 
 its passions were suddenly let loose and excited, and suflfered to 
 rage uncontrolled, it is certain that its moderation during the 
 last three days of sanguinary conflict is without parallel. The 
 people waged war with desperate determination to conquer ; 
 but their vengeance was without ill-blood.. They were resolved 
 
122 ANNALS OP TfiE 
 
 to destroy the system of oppression, but they did not massacre^ 
 its instruments. Many of them led off wounded soldiers with' 
 as much care as they did each other ; and to-day after the vic- 
 tory had been achieved, they met and mingled with those who 
 had been opposed to them in the onset with high-minded gene- 
 rosity and even kindly feelings. 
 
 The 53d of the line, a fine regiment, upwards of 1000 strong, 
 which had refused to continue in arms against the cause of their 
 country, went to-day to receive its orders from the provisional 
 government at the Hotel de Ville. The officers were cheered, 
 ai)d returned the cheers .with expressions of good will : the 
 soldiers and the people cordially grasped each other's hands. 
 The 15th had been more hostile : small parties of this regi- 
 ment walked about this morning with a certain subdued air, 
 characteristic of the disarmed soldier. It was the business of 
 the people to lighten their care : they stopped and talked, and 
 mingled and drank with them, to put them at ease. 
 
 Yesterday, the Hotel d'Invalides was not summoned and had 
 not surrendered. This was memorable for having been the first 
 place which the people assaulted and obtained arms from in the 
 rovolution of 1789. To-day the white flag of Charles X. was 
 not flying, but it had not mounted the tri-colours. A party of the 
 people, headed by one of the Polytechnic Bchool, was ordered to 
 march there. The governor refused to surrender it to that force. 
 General Gerard then sent one of his aids-de-camp, and after 
 some conversation the gates were opened, and about 600 other 
 persons entered. The arms, consisting of about 300 firelocks 
 and as many pikes, were given up. Several imagined that there 
 was a greater stock, but the governor answered that all the 
 arms belonging to the hospital had been kept in the Salle 
 d'armes, which had been attacked the day before, and the^armg 
 carried away. The -answer was satisfactory. Another com- 
 mander was left, and the tri-coloured flag hoisted. When the 
 people were about to depart, the invalids in the court yard 
 said *' Eh bien, messieurs, have you hanged our dog of a go- 
 vernor."—" No."' — " You would have done him no great in- 
 justice. He yesterday made us charge the cannon, and the 
 firelocks, to fire upon you in case of your coming to attack the 
 Hospital, but he has given us no such orders to-day, and we 
 have assisted you in entering." The people then, to the num- 
 ber of 800, drew up in order in the Court Royal, and proceeded 
 towards St. Cloud, where the king's troops were posted. 
 
 While the conflict was raging in Paris yesterday, and the 
 fesue uncertain, some young men, who wished to propagate 
 
EEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1B3Q, 123 
 
 die impulse beyond the capital, hurried to the communes in the 
 neighbourhood of Paris, and circulated proclamations inviting 
 the citizens to form themselves into national guards. At half 
 past four this morning, the tocsin was sounded at Mont Rouge, 
 Vaugirard, Isay, and Vanvres. At Versailles the generale was 
 beat at eleven, and the guard-house forced to surrender its arms. 
 The National Guard immediately occupied all the posts. Yes- 
 terday a squadron of carbineers, which fought with the Paris- 
 ians before the Hotel de Ville at Paris, arrived at Versailles, so 
 cruelly handled, that out of 130 or 160 men it could not count 
 more than 40. Other squadrons which charged in other quar- 
 ters of the capital masses of people originally inoffensive, ex- 
 perienced losses in the same proportion. To-day the duke 
 d' Angouleme distributed money among the defeated troops who 
 fell upon the Parisians, with a promise of more, if they suc- 
 ceeded in re-entering Paris, and the soldiers filled the public- 
 houses at the neighbouring communes, to which they effected 
 their retreat, eating and drinking away their gratuities. 
 
 At the Tuileries was found the following paper, referring to 
 the services of the military :— 
 
 TO THE ROYAL GUARD. 
 
 '* His majesty orders the duke of Ragusa to inform the troops 
 of the line of his entire satisfaction at their good conduct dur- 
 ing the last two days ; and orders that they shall receive one 
 month and a half's pay." 
 
 It was ascertained that the soldiers of the Royal Guard had 
 already received from the royal treasury thirty francs a man, 
 in order to induce them to fire upon the people. The soldiers 
 of the 5th regiment of the line declared that they were pro- 
 mised five-and-twenty, but had only received ten francs a man. 
 
 The retreat of the troops did not engender security. Gene- 
 ral Gerard posted strong detachments along the road towards 
 St. Cloud, where there still remained theyung,the due d'Angou- 
 leme, and several of the ministers. All the heights, however, 
 were guarded, so as to prevent surprise from Paris. Some 
 little skirmishing took place between the videttes of the people 
 and the troops which commanded the bridges of Sevres and St. 
 Cloud, 
 
 At St. Cloud, the king reviewed the troops and harangued 
 them ; but the soldiers were silent as the grave. The officers 
 informed him that they were not to be relied on. He again pre- 
 sented himself to the troops, and told them he should abdicate 
 in favour of the duke of Angouleme. This was received with 
 
it4 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 some applause. It is stated that he said, " My ministers have 
 deceived me ! My army has deserted me ! Nothing remains 
 but to remain at St. Cloud." He then informed the troops that 
 both himself and his son would abdicate in favour of the ^* young 
 duke of Bourdeaux, provided the duke of Orleans would be re- 
 gent for him !" This proposition was received with coolness ; 
 some cried ^^Vive le due de Bourdeaux^^^ most of them shouted 
 •^ Vive la Charter^ — '^ Vive la liberie /" During the issuing 
 of the ordinances and the commencement of the conflict, the 
 dutchess of Angouleme had been at the baths of Vichy. On 
 Tuesday she had gone to the theatre at Dijon, and was received 
 with cries of" Vive la Charte!'"—'' Vive le 221." To-day, 
 on arriving at Charenton, she was informed of the defeat of the 
 military yesterday^ and proceeded incognito in a close carriage 
 to St. Cloud. It is said that she reproached the king for the 
 ordinances, and the attempt to enforce them by military execu- 
 tion. Her opportunities of knowing and her capacity for judg- 
 ing of the people and the troops were greater than the king's. 
 In the afternoon, Charles was walking melancholy and pensive 
 with^the dutchess of Berri and a nobleman of the court. " I 
 have but one resource left," said Charles X. ; " it is, let our 
 troops make a last effort." The dutchess of Berri threw her- 
 self at his feet to dissuade him from this foolish idea. " But 
 what can I do ?^' said the king. " Send to the duke of Or- 
 leans," replied the courtier. Charles X. had sent the day be- 
 fore to arrest the duke. To the very last moment he believed 
 that force could subdue the feeling at Paris, and render him 
 master of the capital. 
 
 The appointment of General Lafayette to the command of 
 the National Guard had the happiest effect. Forty years be- 
 fore, at the beginning of the former Revolution, he had called 
 out and organized that national and constitutional force for 
 the preservation of the public safety. Under the Republic he 
 laid down his hereditary title of Marquis, and never resumed 
 it. He was exiled and proscribed by factions of his native 
 land, and endured years of rigorous imprisonment in the dun- 
 geons of foreign tyranny. He refused to aid despotism whether 
 under Napoleon or the Bourbons. He rejected place, com- 
 mand, honours, and titles, whether offered to him by usurped 
 or right-divine royalty. Loving liberty above all things, this 
 pre-eminent patriot had reaped a rich harvest of its principles 
 in America, carefully cultured the seeds in France, and lived 
 to see them take root. As the undeviating and undaunted 
 
RKVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 125 
 
 champion of freedom, the peo|)]e now hoped for his assistance 
 in preserving the fruit of iiis hibours. The public safety was 
 committed to his keeping as Commander-in-Chief of the Na- 
 tional Guard. Ills name and fame electrified the disbanded 
 individuals of this civic body ; they rallied and resumed their 
 arms, and to-day Lafayette was at the head of 80,000 enrolled 
 citizens and tradesmen of Paris, as its National Guard. 
 
 To-day thfe first care of the Provisional Government and the 
 authorities in Paris was to maintain order. The venerable 
 and good Lafayette indefatigably engaged himself to that end, 
 and commenced by issuing the following 
 
 '' ORDER OF THE DAY, July 30. 
 
 " Let the means of defence be so organized in each legion, 
 and let communications be .established, so that the weakest 
 points may be most strongly guarded. Let a reserve be made 
 for such of the legions as are least in danger, and be formed 
 of a moiety of the disposable force, and let the abandoned 
 barracks be as much as possible re-established. Let them be 
 put into relation with the environs, so that no person may be 
 permitted to pass beyond the barriers without a permission 
 from the Commandant-in- Chief, or from the Commission of 
 Government. Let a daily return be made to head-quarters of 
 the numbers of each legion, and the state of the arras and am- 
 munition. The Commandant renews his order to the Com- 
 manders of legions for them to send daily an officer with 
 twenty-five men to form the guard at head-quarters. There 
 shall be established at head-quarters a body of twenty-five 
 young men, to be employed in carrying out orders, and who 
 shall be distinguished by a badge on the arm. 
 
 '' From the Hotel de* Ville, this 30th of Julv. 
 
 ^^ LAFAYETTE." 
 
 The Municipal Commission of Government appointed Baron 
 Louis Minister of Finance. The troops of the Ministers had 
 not time to carry away the public treasure, and this appoint- 
 ment was immediately requisite. M. Bavoux, Deputy for the 
 Department of the Seine, was nominated Prefect of Police, 
 M. Alexander Delaborde was appointed Prefect of the Seine, 
 and he immediately issued the subjoined address. 
 
 M 
 
126 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 " DEPARTMENTAL ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 ^* Brave Inhabitants of Paris ! 
 ^' Dear Fellow- Citizens ! — 
 
 '^ The Municipal Commission, by investing me provisionally 
 v^ith the Prefecture of the Seine, has intrusted to me functions 
 at once delightful and difficult to fulfil. Who can flatter him- 
 self with being worthy of the rank of first magistrate of a 
 population whose heroic conduct has just saved France, free- 
 dom, and civilization— of a population that embraces within 
 its bosom all that is most worthy of distinction in commerce, 
 property, the magistracy, the sciences, and the arts ? But it is 
 you, of whom it is impossible to pronounce an adequate 
 eulogy, or whose interests can be suflSciently promoted. In^ 
 dustrious citizens of every profession, — you whose spontaneous 
 efforts, without a guide, without a plan, have found means to 
 overcome oppression, without polluting victory with one single 
 stain, — you have been found ingenious and sublime in danger, 
 generous and modest in the midst of triumph. Ah ! believe 
 me when I acknowledge that from among you I have learned 
 the full extent of my duties, by being taught to appreciate the 
 full extent of your sacrifices. 
 
 '' A detailed report of all the glorious actions of this day^ 
 and more particularly of the losses and misfortunes they have 
 occasioned, is in preparation. Already public beneficence is 
 engaged in repairing them. We will not remain behind in 
 zeal. 
 
 *' Electors of Paris, who, for the third time, have called me 
 by a free exercise of your suflfrages to the honour of represent- 
 ing you, may I venture to hope for your continued support in 
 the new functions with which I have just been invested ? 
 
 '^ Inhabitants of the capital, — Your magistrates do not wish 
 to make you feel their presence but by the good they perform. 
 You, on your side, will second their endeavours ; you will add 
 double honour to your triumph, by observing that calmness 
 and order which accords so well v/ith success. Assist us in 
 rendering yourselves happy ; this is the only recompense we 
 will ask for our labours. 
 
 " ALEXANDER DELABORDE, 
 '^ Provisional Prefect of the Seine. 
 
 '^ Paris, July 30,'' 
 
IIEVOLTJTION IN FRATs'CE, 1830. 127 
 
 A. deputation from Charles X. at St. Cloud, arrived at the 
 Hotel de Ville early in the morning. It consisted of the Mar- 
 quis de Pastoret, Chancellor of France ; M. Semonville, Grand 
 E-eferendary ; and Count d'Agout, Peer of France. They 
 announced that Charles X. had named the Duke de Morte- 
 mart President of the Council, and that he had declared him- 
 self wilhng to accept a Ministry chosen by him. 
 
 At eleven o'clock, the Deputies and Peers then in Paris 
 assembled in their respective halls and established regular com- 
 munications with each other. The Duke de Mortemart was 
 introduced to the Chamber of Deputies, and delivered four 
 ordinances signed yesterday by Charles X. One of them re- 
 called the fatal ordinances of the 25th ; another convoked the 
 Chambers on the 3d ; the third appointed the Duke de Morte- 
 mart President of the Council ; and the fourth appointed Count 
 Gerard Minister of War, and M. Casimir Perrier Minister of 
 Franbe. The reading of these ordinances was listened to with 
 the greatest attention. At the termination the profound silence 
 continued ; — no observation was made ! — the Deputies passed 
 to other business. The Duke de Mortemart returned to ac- 
 quaint his master that he was no longer acknowledged as King 
 of France. The manner wherein tho Dake and his communi- 
 cations were received by the Deputies was an announcement 
 that Charles X. had ceased to reign. 
 
 In the course of their proceedings a petition was addressed 
 to the Deputies which terminated thus : — 
 
 *^On the 5th of July, 1815, the Chamber of Representa- 
 tives, under the fire of a foreign enemy, in the presence of hos- 
 tile bayonets, proclaimed principles conservatory of the rights 
 of citizens, and protested against every act which was calcu- 
 lated to impose upon France a Government and institutions 
 which were not in sympathy with its wishes and interests. 
 
 " These are the principles which we ought to adopt at pre- 
 sent. Let them serve as a rallying point. The Chamber of 
 1815 bequeathed them to a futurity which now belongs to us. 
 Let us enter into the enjoyment of that inheritance, and turn 
 it to the advantage of the people and liberty. 
 
 " The members of a committee, named by a great number 
 of the different arrondissements of Paris, meeting in the Rue 
 de Richelieu, No. 47. 
 
 '' Paris, July 30. 
 
 (Signed) '^ Chevalier, President." 
 
128 ANNALS 6F the 
 
 The following are the guarantees which the Representative 
 Chamber, during the Hundred Days, called upon Napoleon to 
 ratify, and to which allusion is made in the above petition : — 
 The liberty of the citizens — the equality of civil and political 
 rights — the liberty of the press— liberty of v/orship — the repre- 
 sentative system — the free consent of the people to the con- 
 ticription and the taxes — -the responsibility of Ministers — the 
 irrevocability of all sales of national property of every descrip- 
 tion — the inviolability of property — the abolition of tithes^ of 
 the ancient and the newly hereditary nobility, and of feudality 
 — the abolition of confiscation of property — the entire oblivion 
 of all political opinions and movements up to that day — the 
 institution of tlm.Legion of Honour — compensation to officers 
 and soldiers — institution of jury— judges for life — and the 
 payment of the public debt. 
 
 A Commission of Deputies is appointed to confer for the 
 public safety with the Peers, assembled in their chamber. 
 The Commission of Deputies 3;eturned at nine o'clock in the 
 evening to give an account of their mission. The Peers unani- 
 mously declared that th.ere was no other hope of safety but the 
 intervention of the Duke of Orleans, and were of opinion that 
 lie should be asked to assume the government, in the character 
 of Lieutenant-General of the kingdom. The Deputies no 
 longer hesitated, and hastened to devise measures for calling 
 in the Duke of Orleans immediately. 
 
 To-day, Sevres, from the commencement of the park of St. 
 Cloud to the bridge, was occupied by battalions of the Royal 
 Guard, of the artillery, and of the Swiss regiments. Two 
 pieces of cannon were planted on the road to Versailles, and 
 two others towards Paris. The Due d'Angouleme on horse- 
 back, accompanied by two superior officers of the Garde du 
 Corps, walking on foot by the side of his horse, and followed 
 by seven or eight Gardes du Corps, passed through the midst 
 of the troops. The Swiss alone received him with cries of 
 ^'- Vive le Roi !" Throughout the afternoon the Swiss were 
 going towards Neuilly, throwing away their arms, expressing 
 the most poignant regret at having fought, and vowing that 
 they would never fight again for tl^e same cause. In the 
 morning and afternoon, addresses to the soldiers, from the pro- 
 visional government, were every where circulated, inviting 
 them to join the people ; and great numbers came into Paris 
 unarmed. In the afternoon a deputation of officers of the 
 line aiid pupils of the Polylechaic School waited on the officera 
 
DEVOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1830. 129 
 
 of the Guard, inviting their services to the Provisional Govern- 
 ment. They answered that they were resolved not to bear 
 arms against their fellow-citizens ; that they conceived them- 
 selves bound to respect oaths which prevented them from join- 
 ing their brother officers in Paris ; but they hoped soon to see 
 themselves free. 
 
 Not a hand was lifted up, nor a word uttered, in behalf of 
 Charles X., during the last three days or to-day. In the 
 course of the morning, many remaining emblems of his reign 
 were removed or effaced, but not a single insult or term of 
 offence was offered to the few who had been notoriously loyal 
 to his lawless power, and were justly suspected of desiring his 
 restoration, or the restoration of what, was called the monarchy 
 in the person of any of his line. Those who had the esteem 
 of the people, and appeared in public, were hailed with enthu- 
 siastic cheers. Benjamin Constant, a consistent and firm 
 friend to freedom, was recognised at the Bourse, and others 
 were distinguished by the people ; but he whom they most de- 
 lighted to honour, and who most deserved their gratitude, was 
 Lafayette, and they loudly testified their affection as often as 
 they saw him. 
 
 The victory was achieved yesterday, and celebrated to-day 
 by respect for order. Already measures were tajcen for re- 
 pairing the streets, and the shops were opened. There was 
 no appearance of a recent — a mighty Revolution, but of some 
 great deliverance having been effected. The people wore the 
 tri-coloured cockade, and their countenance expressed satis- 
 faction and happiness, rather than tumultuous joy. The Pro- 
 visional Government recommended that at night, in the ab- 
 sence of the usual lamps, lights should be placed in the windows. 
 The illumination was general ; it tended to the preservation of 
 order, and was the only demonstration of public rejoicing. 
 Along the quays and streets, the female inhabitants were seated 
 in groups, preparing bandages and lint for the wounded. The 
 passages (arcades) afforded striking instances of this benevo- 
 lent disposition. All the milliners, and their shopwomen and 
 workwomen, were sitting outside their shops (because those 
 being closed afforded no light), busily engaged in making lint. 
 
 An estafet of the king's, disguised in a smock frock, was 
 stopped and conducted to the Hotel de Ville. His despatches, 
 addressed to Vincennes, were delivered to the Provisional 
 Government. 
 
 In the evening, the mails were forwarded at the usual hour. 
 
 M2 
 
ISO ANNALS OF TBTB 
 
 SATURDAY, JULY 31. 
 
 The Press to-day, by means of the Journals, actively dis=* 
 cussed and suggested different forms of future government. 
 There was no proposition for replacing Charles X. or calling 
 either the Duke of Angouleme or the Duke of Bourdeaux ta 
 the throne. That line of the Bourbon family was hateful to 
 6\^ery constitutional ear. The Messager des Chamhres said, 
 *' Let us trust to history. It shows us that in England, the 
 substitution of the patriotic William for the hypocritical 
 Stuarts secured both liberty and order. Every thing was easy 
 for the cause of the laws. Blood ceased to flow, resistance 
 became impossible, and Europe and Foreign Powers opened 
 their negotiations and treaties with England after it was rege- 
 nerated." 
 
 In a nation which had been distracted forty years by despot- 
 isms of all kinds, and with successions of convulsive misrule 
 under all denominations of government, there were philoso- 
 phical theorists, and contenders for theories utterly inapplicable 
 at the moment, and even adherents to one who shackled free- 
 dom in the name of liberty. Some desired a republic and no- 
 thing but a republic : a few desired nothing more than Napo- 
 leon II., — a boy with a regency ! — to settle and to govern 
 France. The general disposition was for a government that 
 ensured freedom to all, and this desire was well expressed in a 
 Journal of to-day. The following is an extract. 
 
 (F rQxn the French Globe.) 
 
 *< AH compromise is now impracticable. Some good mean- 
 ings men have tried to bring it about, but without success* 
 Even were an amnesty of certain acts JHst and moral, they 
 could not be forgotten : a barrier of blood would rise between 
 the King and the people. Imagine a King guilty and humi- 
 liated, stained with French blood, and conquered — a King at 
 once odious and degraded ! No, no, he must depart, — he 
 must bid an eternal adieu to France. — The throne being va- 
 cant, a great question presents itself, — viz. what will be the 
 government of France ? Only two forms of government are 
 possible — a republic and a monarchy. 
 
 ''' The republic has but one fault, which is that it is not 
 deemed possible in France. Perhaps it may one day become 
 possible, — perhaps it is the definitive government to which all 
 
DEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1850. ISI 
 
 nations are advancing, but its time has not yet come. The 
 heroes of the few last days exclaimed Vive la Charte 1 What 
 was meant by that cry, which inspired such noble conduct ? 
 May the Charter, developed and amended by victory, prove an 
 equivalent for the republic. — Supposing this point decided, the 
 next question is, to whom shall the throne be given ? 
 
 *^ The name of the Duke of Orleans presents itself. The 
 necessity of speedily establishing a government is universally 
 felt. The Duke of Orleans is among us, and his situation is 
 such that he maybe the meansof pacifying France, and saving 
 us from the hostihty of the rest of Europe. — He has as yet 
 neither popularity nor power on his side. This is an advan- 
 tage ; for he cannot presume to dictate conditions to us, and 
 must accept ours. 
 
 *' These are circumstances which may turn the scale in his 
 favour; but far more important than all this are the constitu- 
 tional stipulations which would precede his accession to the 
 throne. These must be thought of before every thing, and 
 their consideration will be the first duty of the Chamber of 
 Deputies as soon as it shall be formed !" 
 
 These expressions represented the feelings and opinions that 
 prevailed in Paris. Last night, M. Lafitte and the other depu- 
 ties assembled at his house, sent an express to the Duke of 
 Orleans at Neuilly, summoning him to Paris for the purpose of 
 taking upon him the duties of Lieuten ant-General of the king- 
 dom. Charles X. and his advisers at St. Cloud had deemed it 
 probable that the Duke of Orleans might be a rallying point 
 in opposition to the court, and while the deputies were arrang- 
 ing for his reception in Paris, the king ordered a body of 
 troops to arrest him at Neuilly. He had already left that 
 place : this was reported to the king, and he, who had lost a 
 throne by ordinances, issued an ordinance outlawing the duke, 
 and authorizing his "subjects" to slay him. The imbecile 
 king had abjects— -but no subjects. 
 
 In the course of the night the Duke of Orleans arrived in 
 Paris : he wore the national tri-colours. Early in the morning 
 the committee appointed by the deputies waited upon him, and 
 represented that extreme danger would arise from delay ; that 
 agitators as well as sincere enthusiasts would proclaim a re- 
 public in the streets ; and that the fruit of so just and dear a 
 victory would become the prey of a most frightful anarchy. 
 Two hours afterward appeared the following 
 
132 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 PROCLAMATION OF THE DUKE OF ORLEANS. 
 
 Paris^ July 31, JYo on. 
 >* Inhabitants of Paeip, — 
 
 **The Deputies of France, at .this moment assembled at 
 Paris, have expressed to me the desire that I should repair to 
 this capital to exercise the functions of Lieutenant-General of 
 the kingdom. 
 
 '' I have not hesitated to come and share your dangers, to 
 place myself in the midst of your heroic population, and to 
 €xert all py efforts to preserve you from the calamities of civil 
 war and of anarchy. 
 
 *' On returning to the city of Paris, I wore with pride those 
 glorious colours which you have resumed, and which I myself 
 long wore. 
 
 " The Chambers are going to assemble ; they will consider 
 of the means of securing the reign of the laws, and the main- 
 tenance of the rights of the nation. 
 
 '^ The Charter will henceforth be a truth. 
 
 '^^ LoUIS-PniLiPrE D'ORIiEANS." 
 
 The appearance of this proclamation was hailed by the ma- 
 jority with transport and gratitude ; but it was soon understood 
 that, on the preceding evening, a number of persons, excited 
 by the success of the conflict in which they had been engaged, 
 and fir^d by natural resentment, had declared their distrust of 
 both branches of the HoQse of Bcfurbon, and exhorted General 
 Lafayette to become the President of at least a Provisional 
 Government. This portion of the populace overpowered by 
 clamour the rest of the public, who were silent and willing to , 
 concur in measures that might be adopted by the Deputies. 
 
 At one o'clock the Deputies assembled in greater numbers 
 than before at M. Lafitte- s. The principal object of the meet- 
 was to hear the report of the committee charged to carry to 
 the Duke of Orleans a declaration agreed to at tlieir last sitting. 
 The President read the Duke's Proclamation. It was received 
 with acclamation, and 10,000 copies were ordered to be printed 
 at the government printing office. Messrs. Guizot, Ville- 
 main, Berard, and Benjamin Constant were appointed secre- 
 taries. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1830. 133 
 
 General Sebastiani said, that the committee, of which he 
 was one, repaired the evening before to the Palais Royal, but 
 the Duke was absent, and they wTOte him a note, mentioning 
 the declaration of which they were the bearers. The Duke 
 had hastened to Paris, where he arrived at eleven the same 
 night. The deputation were informed of it in the morning, 
 and assembled at nine o'clock. They were admitted into the 
 presence of the Duke, and his language breathed love of order 
 and the laws — the ardent desire of sparing France the scourge 
 of civil and foreign war — the firm purpose of securing the 
 liberty of the country — and as his highness had himself said, 
 in a proclamation full of clearness and frankness, the wish to 
 make the Charter, which was long but a delusion at last a 
 reality. The General added, tliat the Duke was about to take, 
 without delay, the most urgent measures, and especially that of 
 the immediate convocation of the Chambers. 
 
 The President said it was necessary to consider the situation 
 of the capital, and whether it would not be advisable that some 
 address should be published, to quiet the minds of the peo- 
 ple as to what had been done for the public good, at Paris and 
 in the departments. All had been surprised by the late mea- 
 sures of the ministry, and waited in security for the 3d of Au- 
 gust. The letters for their meeting were delivered to the de- 
 puties at the same time with the ordinances of the 26th. In 
 such circumstances, it was necessary to tell France what had 
 been done : it would be proper to draw up an accurate account 
 of the means by which the country had been saved. In ex- 
 plaining their acts they would reap a harvest of eternal praise 
 and public blessing. 
 
 On the motion of M. Benjamin Delessert, the drawing up 
 of this proclamation was intrusted to the provisional Members 
 of the Bureau. After some discussion M. Salverte desired 
 that this manifesto should indicate in a strong and explicit 
 manner the guarantees which the people had a right to expect. 
 M. de Corceiles insisted on the necessity of these stipulations, 
 inordertocalm the effervescence which appeared to him to show 
 itself by alarming symptoms. M. Benjamin Constant said it 
 was indispensable that these guarantees should be enumerated. 
 At the same time, it appeared to him easy to dissipate disqui- 
 etude. He had passed through the streets of the capital, and 
 had found every where a population full of enthusiasm and en- 
 ergy, but enlightened and full of confidence in the wisdom and 
 patriotism of their deputies ; they wished for guarantees, they 
 T(Vished for them strongly, but they wished for nothing else. 
 
134 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 He added, that he had thought it his duty to make an enumera- 
 tion of the guarantees which he thought indispensable, and 
 which the Bureau first, and then the capsulated deputies, would 
 decide upon. M. Villemain said they had only to make a 
 commentary on the expression in the proclamation of the Duke 
 of Orleans '' the Chartershall be a truth. "—M, Salverte thought 
 that the declaration of the Chamber of 1815 would be a satis- 
 factory text, and one in which' only slight modifications could 
 be made. M. Augustin Perier observed, that this was not 
 the time for entering into an endless discussion of principles ; 
 in the capacity of provisional Secretary, M.Benjamin Constant 
 could communicate his ideas to his colleagues, and cause them 
 to be transfused into the proclamation. 
 
 The president said the business of the day would naturally 
 open v/ith the report of the Secretaries, when they should sub- 
 mit to the meeting the draught of the proclamation. Among 
 the numerous communications he had received, there were two 
 concerning which he thought it his duty to speak to his col- 
 leagues. Both had for their object to call the serious atten- 
 tion of the Deputies to the acts which might emanate from 
 themselves, and to the necessity of calming an effervescence, 
 dangerous in itself, but which he considered as overcome and 
 dissipated, because he relied on the efficacy of the proclama- 
 tion which the Deputies were about to issue. 
 
 The sitting of the Deputies was then for some time suspend- 
 ed, while Messrs. Guizot, Villemain, Berard, and Benjamin 
 Constant, in the capacity of Secretaries, drew up the paper for 
 which they had received instructions. 
 
 On the Deputies resuming their sitting, the President com- 
 municated to the meeting some information which he had re- 
 ceived concerning the proclamation of the Duke of Orleans. 
 According to the account, great agitation prevailed among 
 the people, in consequence, as it was presumed, of the omis- 
 sion of the date, and the want of the countersignature of the 
 Municipal Committee. M. Persil wished the Lieutenant- 
 General of the kingdom to be invited to pass through the capi- 
 tal with a deputation of the Chamber, or to cause the procla- 
 tion to be countersigned by General Lafayette. M. Jacque- 
 minot thought the first expedient quicker and more certain, 
 and suggested that his royal Highness should get immediately 
 on horseback, and show himself to the people-~'M. de Laborde 
 conceived that the effervescence and disquietude were exag- 
 gerated. In his opinion it would be sufficient that the Depu- 
 ties, after the sitting, should repair to the Palais RoyaL 
 
REVOLUTION IN IRANCE, 1830. 135 
 
 There was a prevailing cry among the Deputies, '' Let us go 
 immediately ; let us all go," and M. Bernard thought M. de 
 Laborde had been wrong informed. He said the greatest alarm 
 agitated men's minds ; the most disquieting rumours were in 
 circulation, especially about the Hotel de Ville. Many voices 
 cried, <* Let us go, let us go." The president calmed the 
 meeting by saying — ^^ No precipitation in such grave circum- 
 stances." M. Etienne represented in a strong light the abso- 
 lute necessity of an immediate and decisive step. M. Charles 
 Dupin thought that the Deputies could proceed to the Hotel 
 de Ville after going to the Palais Royal, and that their pre- 
 sence and exhortations would be sufficient to silence dissension 
 and dissipate alarm. M. Benjamin Delessert conceived that 
 the proclamation which the Bureau had drawn up was of a na- 
 ture to exercise the happiest influence on the public mind. 
 M. Guizot, by desire of the Deputies, mounted the tribune, and 
 read the following — 
 
 " PROCLAMATION ADDRESSED TO THE FRENCH 
 BY THE DEPUTIES OF DEPARTMENTS AS- 
 SEMBLED AT PARIS. 
 
 '* Freischmen I — 
 
 ^' France is free. Absolute power raised its standard— the 
 heroic population of Paris has overthrown it. Paris attacked, 
 has made the sacred cause triumph by arms which had tri- 
 umphed in vain in the elections. A power which usurped 
 our rights, and disturbed our repose, threatened at once liberty 
 and order. We return to the possession of order and lioerty. 
 There is no more fear for acquired rights — no more barrier 
 between us and the rights which we still want. A government 
 which may, without delay, secure to us these advantages is now 
 the first want of our country. Frenchmen, those of your De- 
 puties who are already at Paris have assembled ; and, till the 
 Chambers can regularly intervene, they have invited a French- 
 man who has never fought but for France — the Duke of Or- 
 leans — to exercise the functions of Lieutenant-General of the 
 kingdom. This is in their opinion the surest means promptly 
 to accomplish by peace the success of the most legitimate 
 defence. 
 
 '^ The Duke of Orleans is devoted to the national and consti- 
 tutional cause. He has always defended its interests, and pro- 
 fessed its principles. He will respect our rights ; for he will 
 derive his own from us. We shall secure to ourselves by laws 
 
136 A2\NALS OF THE 
 
 all the guarantees necessary to liberty strong and durable— 
 viz. 
 
 " The re-establishment of the National Guard, with the inter- 
 vention of the National Guards in the choice of the officers : 
 
 " The intervention of the citizens in the formation of the de- 
 partmental and municipal administrations : 
 
 *' The jury for the transgressions of the press ; the legally 
 organized responsibility of the ministers and the secondary 
 agents of the administration : 
 
 '^ The situation of the military legally secured : 
 
 " The re-election of deputies appointed to public offices we 
 shall give at length to our institutions, in concert with the 
 head of the state, the developements of which they have need. 
 
 *^ Frenchmen^ — The Duke of Orleans himself has already 
 spoken, and his language is that which is suitable to a free 
 country. 
 
 ^^ ^ The Chambers,' says he, ' are going to assemble ; they 
 will consider of means to ensure the reign of the laws and the 
 maintenance of the rights of the nation. The Charter will hence- 
 forward be a truth.' " 
 
 The reading of this manifesto w^is often interrupted by una- 
 nimous acclamations, and at the termination M. Girod de I'Ain 
 demanded that, if the proclamation were adopted, it should be 
 instantly sent to the press, circulated in thousands of copies, and 
 that it should be carried to the Lieutenant-Generalof the king- 
 dom. This was ordered, and the draught of the proclam^ation 
 put to the vote, and passed with enthusiasm. It was then pro- 
 posed to rise and go in a body to the Palais Royal. The pre- 
 sident observed that ail the Deputies, and himself among the 
 rest, could not go there, as the state of his health did not allow 
 it. Several voices cried, '^ Let us go, alll" — ^< Yes, all!" — 
 ^' Our president at our head !" — *'• Let him come in a sedan." 
 M. Benjamin Constant observed — " It was in that way that I 
 came.'* President — *•• Very well, be it so. I shall open the 
 march and M. Benjamin Constant will close it." The sitting 
 closed with these easy pleasantries, and the Deputies left the 
 hall together. On their way to the Palais Royal the Deputies 
 passed through immense crowds, and were greeted with tumult- 
 uous applause. This first appearance of a public authority in 
 the midst of disorder, brought with it hope and security. 
 
 Before the Deputies the barricades fell. At the Palais Royal 
 the Duke of Orleans received them with extreme affability, and 
 with expressions which produced a marked effect on every one. 
 It was a happy meeting, in which a glorious contract was about 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 137 
 
 to be concluded between a free people and a prince, the friend 
 of liberty. The manner in which he addressed M. Lafitte, the 
 president, added still more to the joy excited by the dignified 
 language of the assembly and the people whom they repre- 
 sented. M. Lafitte read the proclamation of the Deputies. The 
 Duke listened attentively, and seemed to punctuate it by the 
 marks of assent with which he noted each of the guarantees 
 stipulating for the rights of the nation, and the maintenance and 
 developement of its liberties. His words, his gestures, and his 
 physiognomy contended in expressing satisfaction and pride on 
 being associated in the regeneration of constitutional order. 
 To a speech by M. Viennet, in the name of the Deputies, the 
 Duke answered, *' I deplore as a Frenchman the injury done to 
 my country, and the blood which has flowed. As a prince, I 
 am happy to contribute to the happiness of the nation. Gen- 
 tlemen, {ve are about to go to the Hotel de Ville." The Duke 
 had been going thither on horseback and alone when the De- 
 puties arrived at the Palais Royal. 
 
 The passage of the Deputies and the Duke of Orleans to the 
 Hotel de Ville was long and wearisome, across barricades and 
 in the scorching heat of tlie sun. The people were in immense 
 multitudes, and constantly acclaiming with shouts of *^ Vive la 
 Charter'—'' Vive la liberie P'—"- Vive le Due d' Orleans!'' 
 for nearly two hours, during which time the procession was in 
 motion. On arriving at the Hotel de Ville, General Lafayette, 
 as commander-in-chief of the National Guard, attended by the 
 pupils of the Polytechnic School, advanced to meet the Duke 
 of Orleans in the great hall of arms. A circle was formed, 
 and the deputy M. Viennet pronounced an address full of frank- 
 ness. The Duke replied with simplicity. He mentioned all the 
 guarantees which ought to be granted to the country, and on 
 this enumeration the venerable countenance of Lafayette 
 beamed with joy ; his hand approached that of the Duke, and he 
 grasped it heartily. They went to a window and waved before 
 them a tri-coloured flag to the people ; who, by this movement, 
 were excited to indescribable enthusiasm. They testified their 
 joy by tremendous vociferations. 
 
 During these proceedings in Paris the movements at St. Cloud 
 were of a different order. Until this morning, Charles X. de- 
 luded himself by believing that Paris could be recaptured. 
 Last night a large body of citizens who had assisted in defeating 
 the Royal Guard, and driving them and the other troops from 
 the Tuileries and heart of the metropolis, determined that he 
 should not remain another day undisturbed at St. Cloud, Un- 
 
 N 
 
138 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 der the direction of three youths of the Polytechnic School, they 
 made preparations for an early march and assault. Sevres was 
 fortified, and the military occupied Meudon and other heights 
 in the vicinity of the court. No considerable number of these 
 could be prevailed on to attempt achieving "' the downfall of 
 Paris;" and news speedily arrived that Paris itself was getting 
 ready to send forth its legions to attack St. Cloud. Flight — 
 the first and only successful resort of terrified tyranny — flight, 
 was instantly resolved on. The troops were withdrawn from 
 the heights, and posted around the royal abode. About three 
 o'clock in the morning, the troops quartered in the Bois de 
 Boulogne were called. At four o'clock the order Was given to 
 march. The procession commenced with a squadron of 
 mounted gens-d'armes ; then came a regiment of hussars, 
 which arrived on Thursday morning at four o'clock, when they 
 learned the retreat of some of the king's troops during the night ; 
 next, a brigade of artillery ; afterward a regiment of the Royal 
 Guard (infantry) ; then tw^o squadrons of cuirassiers, followed 
 by two brigades of (field) artillery. These were succeeded by 
 the Garde du Corps a Pied {Cents Swisses)^ and these by a com- 
 pany of the Garde du Corps du Roi. Immediately afterward fol- 
 lowed the carriages of the king, the royal family, and the minis- 
 ters and great officers, with two companies of the Garde du Corps, 
 and 150 other carriages, containing persons of distinction at- 
 tached to, or who wished to follow the royal family. The royal 
 carriages ten or twelve in number, were, according to etiquette, 
 drawn each by eight horses. A large body of cavalry, infan- 
 try, and artillery, closed the procession. With the exception 
 of the 3d regiment, which had been nearly cut to pieces, and 
 the remains of the lancers, who had so murderously manifested 
 theroyalism of their principles, extreme depression was observ- 
 able in the countenances of all. A great number of officers 
 without soldiers accompanied them. In Ville d'Array, nearly 
 an entire regiment of the line threw down their arms and dis- 
 persed. The progress halted at Versailles, by desire of the king, 
 but the towns-people hoisted the tri-coloured flag, and would 
 not suflTer them to enter. They breakfasted at Trianon and pro- 
 ceeded to Rambouillet. Numbers of the men deserted at every 
 opportunity, in defiance of the firing which was kept up after 
 them while flying. 
 
 Immediately after the departure of Charles X. from St. 
 Cloud, M. Collas, Mayor of Boulogne, sent a detachment of 
 the National Guard and firemen to the palace ; and in the pre- 
 sence of two members of the municipal council, and of several 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830: 139 
 
 officers, an inventory of the plate was drawn up. This plate 
 was afterward delivered, in the presence of the Mayor of St. 
 Cloud, to M. de Villeneuve, the commissioner of the govern- 
 ment. When the National Guard with the armed populace 
 from Paris arrived, they found a detachment of the Royal Guards 
 which had been left to protect the retreat. They had been at- 
 tacked by armed citizens from the neighbouring communes, and 
 when the Parisians arrived, at daybreak, the last remains of 
 royal power retired, throwing away their muskets, after taking 
 the precaution to break their locks. The National Guards when 
 they entered the palace took care, as they had done at the Tui- 
 leries, to hinder any thing being carried away. But the peo- 
 ple visited the wine-cellars and larders, and though no furni- 
 ture or ornaments were damaged or removed, the wine was 
 drunk, and the preserves eaten, and a few letters and papers 
 which remained were thrown out of the window. The guards 
 liad left their breakfasts uneaten on the tables, and the cooks in 
 the royal kitchen had fled in such haste that the preparations 
 for the royal dejeuners remained on the stoves and fires. About 
 2000 excellent firelocks of the body-guard were found in the 
 palace. On the return of the National Guard to Paris they 
 searched the environs of St. Cloud, and collected about 100 
 Swiss, who laid down their arms and surrendered, on being 
 assured that they should be well treated. They said that the 
 king had reviewed them on the evening before, and had given 
 them thirty francs a piece. Not one of them was deprived of 
 a sous. On their arrival at Paris, they were conducted to the 
 Louvre, where they were ordered to sit down, and wi»e and 
 victuals were furnished to them. They were then conducted to 
 their barracks, Rue de Babylone, from which, as the only pu- 
 nishment, they were ordered not to come out, lest they should 
 he attacked by the relations of some of their victims. 
 
 With the exception of the affair at St. Cloud there were no 
 hostile movements. The prisoners in la Force attempting to 
 escape were prevented by the National Guard, who were reluc- 
 tantly compelled to fire, and two convicts were killed and 
 about a dozen wounded. In the departments, wherever the 
 ordinances and the events of Paris were known, the sentiments 
 of the people had been expressed with the same indignation 
 against the measures of the court, and the same enthusiasm for 
 the Charter and the liberty of the press displayed. The follow- 
 ing letter from General BourdesouUe to the Due d'Angouleme 
 was intercepted : — ' 
 
14& ~ AKNALS OF THE- 
 
 ^^ Versailles f Julj/M. 
 ^^ Monseigneur,— Your Royal Highness has no doubt re- 
 ceived the report which I had the honour to send you this morn- 
 ing, and in which I gave }ou an account ofthe passage of a consid- 
 erable number of soldiers of the 60th regiment of the line through 
 this town, where they were introduced by the inhabitants, without 
 being presented at the gates, but all passed over, and we have 
 been tranquil all night.— As I have received the letter of General 
 Gressot,which announced to me the arrival of the King, I thought 
 it my duty to place the troops under arms, and in a position to 
 execute the orders of your Highness. [ am waiting for them. 
 If your Highness orders, I am ready to march where you may 
 think.proper. In case your Royal Highness should not order 
 me to make any movement during the day, I shall send the 
 troops to their quarters to rest. Their spirit is still firm,, though 
 some discontent be already manifested in different regiments^ 
 which are almost without money. It would bo very desirable 
 that your Royal Highness should cause some advances to be 
 made, particularly to the 4tli regiment of Infantry, and to the 
 gen-d'armerie, the men of which have only a white pair of trou- 
 sers, and no shoes.— I ihave the honour, &c., 
 
 " Lieutenant- General Bourdesoulle." 
 
 The King's appearance at Versailles on his flight from St. 
 Cloud, and the spirit prevailing among the inhabitants, con- 
 vinced Bourdesoulle that he had nothing to hope and every, 
 thing to fear, and in the course of the day he made his sub- 
 mission to the Lieutenant-General of the kingdom. Madame 
 de Polignac, in passing through Versailles, was recognised and 
 stopped by the people, but permitted to proceed on her journey- 
 *' Go on, Madame," they said to her, " but let his Excellency 
 take care l" General Gerard, at the head of the troops of the 
 line, fixed his quarters beyond the Hospital of Invalids, where 
 all stragglers, as well as old officers of the army, were directed 
 to join him. In the course of the day, a workman, named 
 John Grenier, presented himself to the Commandant of the post 
 of the Hotel St. Aignau, and said, " Serjeant, here is my sword. 
 I have employed it well for three days ; I now return to my 
 work. It is useless to me, and T make a gift of it to the Na- 
 tional Guard." The sabre was richly mounted, and several of 
 the National Guard wished to pay for it ; " I do not sell my 
 sword," said he; " I give it :" and he immediately presented 
 it to a grenadier who was without a sword. The inhabitants, 
 of the environs emulated each other in enthusiasm and patriot- 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRATsCE, 1830. 141 
 
 ism. There was not a hamlet in which the tri-coloured flag 
 had not been flying since yesterday. Every where ihe National 
 Guards spontaneously organized themselves. Had the capital 
 been threatened, its outposts were under arms. At Corbeil, 
 the National Guard took possession of I20,0001bs. of gunpow- 
 der at the Vouchet, and immediately sent 9,0001bs. to Paris. 
 These were the chief incidents of a warlike nature in the 
 course of the day ; but during the night some musket-shots were 
 fired against the post of the National Guard of Paris by seve- 
 ral men, some of whom were arrested. The old Royal Police 
 had given them money to excite commotions in the capital — 
 they might have murdered some citizens, and that would have 
 been the utmost mischief they could effect. There is no rais- 
 ing an insurrection against a whole, people. 
 
 As respects the Municipal Government to-day, they had lit- 
 tle of real difficulty, though, from the state of affairs, they had 
 much work. The crown diamonds had been carried ofi\. The 
 person who usually had the care of them held a receipt for them, 
 signed by M. de la Bouillerie, who had withdrawn them and 
 then withdrawn himself. He had taken them to the king, by 
 whose order they had been abstracted. It was determined to 
 reclaim, and, if refused, retake them, as belonging to the 
 crown, in which its wearer had only a life interest — ^subj^ect to 
 contingencies. Jn the course of the day, the Archbishop of 
 Paris attempted to depart from the capital. At the Te Deum 
 sung for the capture of Algiers, this mischievous man told 
 Charles X. he hoped God would give his Majesty strength 
 to overcome his enemies at homis as well as those whom 
 he had conquered abroad. In his carriage the people found 
 an enormous sum in gold, which they brought away. This mo- 
 ney, being the property of the prelate, was ordered to be re- 
 stored to him. 
 
 The municipal committee had to determine what course 
 should be adopted with respect to commercial engagements, 
 which had been embarrassed and obstructed by the late politi- 
 cal derangement ; and they resolved that acceptances payable 
 in Paris, and due between the 26th of July and the 15th of 
 August inclusive, should be extended ten days, so that bills 
 falling due on the 26th of July would only be payable on the 6th 
 of August, and so on. Conformably to this regulation, the 
 Tribi^nal of Commerce, of the department of the Seine, issued 
 an ordinance concurring in the measure, and clearly stating 
 the reasons for its adoption, in these terms ; — " The tribunal, 
 
 N2 
 
342 ANNALS OF TH^ 
 
 having deliberated, acknowledges that the defence of otif 
 rights and ljtt)erties, called forth by the Ordinances of the 26th 
 of July, was legitimate ; that the necessity of resisting violence 
 and military force compelled the whole population of Paris to 
 arm themselves j that the city having been placed in a state of 
 siege, the course of business has been interrupted, the shops and 
 warehouses have been closed, the tribunals have ceased to admi- 
 nister justice ; and thus all commercial transactions having been 
 forcibly suspended, and communications interrupted, the pay- 
 ment of bills on the day of their being due has become imprac- 
 ticable ; that superior force has interfered } that the necessity 
 of the case is of an imperious kind ; and that it authorizes a 
 course which, though deviating from the ordinary rules of trade 
 and ihi prescription of the laws, ensures against effects which 
 would prove injurious to all." By these proceedings of the 
 municipal and legal authorities, all protests and claims relative 
 to commercial bills were hkewise, with strict prudence and 
 Justice, suspended. The bank of France and nearly ail the pri- 
 vate bankers opened their counting-houses, and paid and re- 
 ceived as usual. The exchange had not been opened since the 
 27th ; for during the panic, the prices could only have been 
 nominal. 
 
 Yesterday, several of the clerks in the post-office resumed 
 their duty, and to-day the whole of them. In this department, 
 there was found a list of forty-five peers whom Charles X. and 
 his ministers proposed to exclude from the Chamb^^r, and not 
 only deprive of their peerage, but bring to trial. During the 
 excitement, there had been seized at the post-office despatches 
 intended for the ambassadors. These were now delivered to 
 them unopened. The ambassadors were sensible to the atten- 
 tion, and complimented the citizens on their bravery and mo- 
 deration in victory. 
 
 Except M. Count Appouy, ambassador of Austria, who op- 
 portunely went away on the 25th of July, to take the waters 
 at Dieppe, none of the ambassadors of foreign powers quitted 
 Paris. Witnesses of the perfidious conduct of the ex-King, 
 they expected to see civil war break out^ but they knew that 
 they should be respected in the midst of disorder, and were 
 enabled to state to their governments that the French, in the 
 exultation and pride of victory, were as cahn and prudent as 
 they were brave, and that the tranquillity of Europe was not 
 likely to be disturbed by such a people. The minister pleni- 
 potentiary of the United States was among the first diplomatic 
 
HEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 145 
 
 personages who paid their respects to the Lieutenant- General 
 of the kingdom. 
 
 At his residence, the Palais Royal, the Duke received num- 
 berless persons, whom mere royalty would have excluded from 
 its presence. The wife of a citizen had distinguished herself, 
 in this sanguinary contest, by a courage and prowess truly 
 heroic. She never for an instant quitted the side of her hus- 
 band, and, being armed with a musket, loaded and fired with 
 as much coolness and precision as a veteran soldier. She 
 mainly contributed, by her aid and example, to the capture of a 
 cannon, entered the guard-house at the head of the citizens, 
 and fought hand to hand with the troops till they were finally 
 expelled. Her grateful fellow-citizens were desirous that she 
 should be presented to the Lieutenant-General of the kingdom, 
 who at the first intimation directed that she should be intro- 
 duced. She was accordingly conducted to the Palais Royal 
 between nine and ten o'clock this evening, where the Duke, 
 standing in a circle of the brave youths of the Polytechnic 
 School, received her with the utmost courtesy, and testified his 
 admiration of her prowess in the strongest terms. At her de- 
 parture the guard on duty received orders to present arms to 
 her on her passing, as if she had been a general officer. 
 
 Many who imagined France utterly depraved by the sangui- 
 nary scenes of her former revolution, by her long wars and 
 appalling despotisms, now confess their error with exultation, 
 and hope that her present moral elevation may be as secure as 
 her present political grandeur. The sight of public order and 
 respect for property, after three days' battles, and in the ab- 
 sence of all competent authority, inspired every foreigner at 
 Paris with the most lively admiration. The English, in par- 
 ticular, were astonished. They took the liveliest interest in 
 the important occurrences to day in the Chamber of Deputies 
 and at the Hotel de Ville. 
 
 Circumspection against the chance of surprise stayed the 
 destruction of the barricades. An invader would have found, 
 not only in the capital, but in and near many great towns, the 
 streets unpaved, the roads obstructed, the houses embattled, 
 and obstacles of every conceivable kind. To-day the munici- 
 pality, as a measure of salubrity during the heats, requested 
 the inhabitants to make gutters in the- streets, for carrying off 
 the stagnant water, without endangering the barricades. They 
 were also invited to open their shops and conduct business as 
 formerly, and to light up their windows until the lamps were 
 repaired, More subscriptions were opened for the wounded, 
 
144 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 the widows, and the fatherless. Families requiring aid received 
 bread and other provisions. The men on duty, in like manner, 
 received bread, cheese, meat, and wine, which different parties 
 paraded throu^rh the streets, preceded by a drum. 
 
 Since yesterday, the streets were crowded to excess with 
 people going about from curiosity : the fair sex almost out- 
 numbered the men. It was amusing to see them, in full dress, 
 skipping over wet trenches and huge paving-stone defences, 
 or creeping through trees laid hastily across the ways. The 
 assemblages of armed people exceeded, in grotesque charac- 
 ter, whatever Hogarth ever painted. Charcoal-men, with cui- 
 rasses on, slender lads with heavy helmets and muskets, a 
 well-dressed man with, possibly, only a pocket pistol, making 
 it a point of honour to place himself in the ranks with them ; 
 and the whole directed by the will, perhaps, of an old-fashioned 
 drummer, elated with the importance of his station. 
 
 An incident strongly exemplifies the character of things to- 
 day. At about half past eleven at night, the 53d regiment of 
 the line marched with their band playing along the Rue Rivoli. 
 A sentinel stationed at the corner of the Pavilion M arson 
 awaited their arrival. He was one of the captors of the Tui- 
 leries ; his age about twenty ; his costume a blue linen blause 
 (precisely the garment worn by the Chinese we see in Lon- 
 don), and trousers of the same kind. He had a musket and 
 bayonet, and an ample canvass bag full of cartridges suspended 
 by a stout cord over his shoulder. The regiment approached. 
 With all the gravity of a veteran grenadier he stepped forward, 
 cocked his musket, and challenged the approaching column. 
 The pass was given, the usual forms were gone through, and 
 the regiment marched on, and, with their band playing, entered 
 the Place du Carousel, to occupy the barrack, lately that of 
 the Garde Royale. 
 
 This evening, families promenaded much as usual in the 
 boulevards, and harps, guitars, violins, and other musical in- 
 struments once more enlivened a scene always unique in its 
 kind. The only novelties were the absence of lamps (sup- 
 plied, however, by gay illuminations) and the half-peaceable 
 and half-warlike sight of groups of females sitting on the trees 
 which had been felled for the purpose of forming blockades. 
 Here, on the first evening of disturbance, a wretched little 
 Savoyard, in the midst of war and bustle on his right and left, 
 continued to wind his little organ at his usual post— actually 
 playing, if not to empty benches, to empty chairs. 
 
REVOLUTION O FRANCE, 1830. [ 145 
 
 Until to-day carriages were not allowed to quit Paris. This 
 morning the barriers were thrown open, and the Calais dili- 
 gence of the Messagerie Royale was the first that left. Several 
 EngHshmen availed themselves of this opportunity to depart, 
 and among them Mr. Young, the actor. Along the road, no 
 information, that could be relied on, had been obtained from 
 the capital. At every town and village the inhabitants crowded 
 to the diligence as a novelty, and most of them were astonished 
 on perceiving that the royal arms had been effaced from the 
 panels, and after "Messagerie," the word ''Royale" carefully 
 scratched out. These appearances excited enthusiastic shouts. 
 The desire for news was intense, and the inquiries were inces- 
 sant. The duty of answering usually devolved on the con- 
 ducteur, whose intelligence was received with rapturous cries 
 of " Vive la Charte !" Even during the night the country 
 people were out awaiting an arrival. After midnight, on the 
 diligence proceeding through Lillers, a village between Amiens 
 and St. Omers, there was an anxious, assemblage of people, 
 who required the diligence to stop. On the postillion attempt- 
 ing to pass, they seized the wheels, clung to his boots, and in- 
 sisted on his telling the news^ Others opened the doors and 
 eagerly inquired of the passengers, nor would they suffer the 
 vehicle to move until they gained their object, which was by 
 slow degrees ; for their expressions of pleasure burst out on 
 the mention of each fact. Mr. Young's observation while in 
 Paris, and his thorough knowledge of the French language, 
 enabled him to communicate the news thoroughly, and at one 
 or two places the popular exhilaration it produced animated 
 him to speeches which produced vociferous shouts of '' VivQ 
 la Charte 1"— '^ Yive PAnglais l"~" Vive. la Patrie V 
 
 SUNDAY, AUGUST 1. 
 
 This was the first Sunday after a week of wonders. 
 
 Last Sunday Charles X. signed arbitrary ordinances ; on 
 Monday they were published and denounced by the press, and 
 he dechned to receive a deputation of Peers ; on Tuesday the 
 press refused obedience, the people flew to arms, and he re- 
 fused to receive a conciliatory deputation from their represent- 
 atives ; on Wednesday he rejected renewed advice from his 
 peers, and his troops were in bloody combat with the people 
 throughout the day ; on Thursday his palaces were stormed 
 
146 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 ^ 
 
 and taken, and his military defeated and driven out of the 
 capital ; on Friday, when all political power was in the hands 
 of the people, and after the provisional government had de- 
 clared that he had ceased to reign, he condescended to an- 
 nounce that he had revoked the ordinances, and was willing 
 to form a new administration ; on Saturday he fled, covered 
 with shame and guilt, and the provisional government intrusted 
 the lawful power he had abused to the Duke of Orleans. All 
 these astonishing events had happened since last Sunday. 
 
 The power of Charles X. was at an end, and the will of 
 France was expressed by the authorities in Paris who had 
 restored order. They issued the following Proclamation : — 
 
 " Municipal Commission op Paris. 
 
 ** Inhabitants of Paris 1 — Charles X. has ceased to reign in 
 France. Not being able to forget the origin of his authority, 
 he has always considered himself as the enemy of our country 
 and of its liberties, which he could not understand. After 
 having secretly attacked our institutions by every means that 
 hypocrisy sind fraud furnished him with, until he believed him- 
 self sufficiently strong to destroy them openly, he had resolved 
 to drown them in the blood of Frenchmen. Thanks to your 
 heroism, the crimes of his power are at an end. 
 
 '* A few moments have been sufficient to annihilate this cor- 
 rupt Governhient, which had been nothing but a constant con- 
 spiracy against the liberty and prosperity of France. The 
 nation only is stirring, adorned with its national colours, which 
 she has won at the expense of her blood. She wishes for a 
 Government and laws worthy of her. 
 
 " What nation in the world deserves liberty better than she 
 does ? In the battle you have been heroes. 
 
 " Victory has shown us in you those sentiments of modera- 
 tion and humanity which evidence in so high a degree the pro- 
 gress of our civilization. 
 
 '' Conquerors and deliverers of yourselves, without police, 
 without magistrates, your virtue has taken the place of all or- 
 ganization, and never were the rights of every individual more 
 religiously respected. Inhabitants of Paris ! we are proud of 
 being your brothers. In accepting, under present circum- 
 stances, a mandate so grave and difficult, your municipal com- 
 mission has desired to associate with your devotion and effi)rts. 
 Its members want means to express to you the admiration and 
 gratitude of the country. 
 
 " Their sentiments, their principles, are yours. In place of 
 
REVOLUTION IN FEANCE, 1830. 147 
 
 an authority imposed on you by foreign arms, you will have a 
 Government which will owe its origin to you. Merit is in all 
 classes. All classes have the same rights ; these rights are 
 assured to them. Vive la France ! Vive h peuple de Paris ! 
 Vive la Liberty !^ 
 
 *' LoBAU, AuDRY, De PiTiRAVEAr, Mangitin, De Schonen. 
 
 '*The Secretary of the Municipal Commission, 
 
 " O'DiLLON Barrett." 
 
 To-day, after the utmost order throughout the night, the 
 National Guard and armed citizens quietly occupied every 
 point. Each hour added proofs of the wishes of the mass, lately 
 so terrific, to conform to whatever was necessary for the pre- 
 servation of tranquillity. Being Sunday, the churches were 
 opened, and the priests offered up prayers for the Lieutenant- 
 General of the kingdom, instead of Charles X. He had 
 arrived at Rambouillet, and in the course of to-day sent com- 
 missaries to Paris, to ask for a safeguard through the king- 
 dom ; with an offer to abdicate and a request for gold, in ex- 
 change for Bank notes, which the people refused to take from 
 him. 
 
 In aid of the subscription for the wounded, and the widows 
 and orphans of the brave men who distinguished themselves 
 and fell in the mighty struggle last week, the Duke of Orleans 
 subscribed 100,000 francs. As Lieutenant-General of the 
 kingdom he issued the following 
 
 ORDINANCES. 
 " Ordinances of the Lieutenant-General of the 
 
 Kingdom. 
 '* Art. 1. The French nation resumes its colours. No 
 other cockade shall henceforth be worn than the tri-coloured 
 cockade. 
 
 '^2. The Commissioners charged provisionally with the several 
 departments of the Ministry shall provide each, as far as he is 
 concerned, for the execution of the present ordinance. 
 "Paris, Aug. 1, 1830. 
 
 " Louis Philippe D'Orleans. 
 (Countersigned) 
 " The Commissioners charged provisionally with the War 
 Department, *' Count Gerard. 
 
 " No. 2. The Chamber of Peers and Chamber of Deputies 
 shall meet on the 3d of August next, in the usual place. 
 
14S ANNALS OP THE 
 
 ^< The five following Ordiriiances appoint the Commissioners 
 for the several departments of the Ministry, viz : — 
 *' War — General Gerard. 
 " Justice — Dupont de L'Eure. 
 *' Interior — Guizot. 
 " Finance — Baron Louis. 
 "Prefect of Police— Girod de L'Ain." 
 
 The first sentence of tlie first ordinance, '* The French na- 
 tion resumes its colours," is^expressed by the Duke of Orleans 
 as an ordinance of the French people, to which he, as their 
 executive power, ordains obedience. Never will these colours 
 —the/* three bright colours, each divine" — be forgotten, by 
 either friends or enemies to liberty. Lord Byron's matchless 
 verse describes them, in a poem of great beauty on the decora- 
 tion of an order instituted by one who knew better how to 
 humble despotism, and direct the energies of France against 
 confederated powers, than how to restore its wounded libert}'. 
 The verses alluded to are the fourth and fifth stanzas in the 
 poem. 
 
 ON THE STAR OF ''THE LEGION OF HONOUR." 
 
 " Star of the brave ! — whose beam hath shed 
 Such glory o'er the quick and dead — 
 Thou radiant and adored deceit ! — 
 Which milHons rushed in arms to greet, — 
 Wild meteor of immortal birth ! 
 Why rise in Heaven to set on earth ? 
 
 Souls of slain heroes formed thy rays ; 
 Eternity flashed through thy blaze ; 
 The music of thy martial sphere 
 Was fame on high and honour here ; 
 And thy light broke bn human eyes, 
 Like a volcano of the skies. 
 
 Like lava rolled thy stream of blood, 
 ■ And swept down empires with its flood ; 
 Earth rocked beneath thee to her base, 
 As thou didst lighten, through all space ; 
 And the shorn Sun grew dim in air, 
 And set while thou wert dwelling there 
 
 Before thee rose, and with thee grew, 
 
 A rainbow of the loveliest hue 
 
 Of three bright colours, each divine, 
 
 And fit for that celestial sign ; 
 
 For Freedom's hand had blended them, 
 
 Like tints in an immortal gem. 
 
hevolution in FRA^^CE, 183U. 149 
 
 One tint was of the sunbeam's days ; 
 One the blue depth of Seraph's eyes ; 
 One the pure Spirit's veil of white 
 Had robed in radiance of its light : 
 The three so mingled did beseem 
 The texture of a heavenly dream. 
 
 Star of the brave ! thy ray is pale, 
 i^Lud darkness must again prevail 1 
 But oh, thou Rainbow of the free ! 
 Our tears and blood must flow for thee. 
 When thy bright promise fades away, 
 Our life is but a load of clay. 
 
 And Freedom hallows with her tread 
 The silent cities of the dead ; 
 F.or beautiful in death are they 
 Who proudly fall in her array ; 
 And soon, oh Goddess I may we be 
 For evermore with them or thee !'^ 
 
 During the day, the Duke of Orleans showed himself re^ 
 peatedly at the balcony of the Palais Royal, and threw his pro- 
 clamations among the people amid their loud acclamations. 
 The cries of '' Vive le Due d'Orleans !" were incessant. Peo- 
 ple of eminence flocked to his saloon of audience. The Na- 
 tional Guard were on duty outside ; he crossed their ranks re- 
 peatedly, notwithstanding casualties to which he was exposed 
 from being surrounded by a crowd of armed men, unaccus- 
 tomed to handle heavy arms, and most of them exhausted with 
 fatigue. He often gently lifted the sloping musket, armed with 
 shot and bayonet, which impeded his passage through the mis- 
 shapen ranks. The gate of the Tuileries was guarded by a 
 man with bare arms, without coat or waistcoat^ a strange, 
 wild-looking substitute for the spruce sentry formerly there. 
 The people with their arms slung over a browm coat — sotne 
 with no coat at all, some wdth the tri-coloured ribands stream- 
 ing from a helmet, others with a neat cockade in a Sunday hat, 
 and others again in an enormous fur cap stripped from some 
 unfortunate iRoyal Guard — had a much more formidable ap- 
 pearance than regular troops. Their brown coats Seemed to 
 speak of things for vvhich men fight better and longer than for 
 a soldier's pay and barrack room. 
 
 In the evening the crowd of promenaders and loungers was 
 immense. All Paris had turned out ; the artisans andlabourr 
 ers to drink the cheap liquors their scanty means afforded ; and 
 the richer to eat ices. All the bon-bons in the town must have 
 been eaten up. 
 
 O 
 
150 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 MONDAY, AUGUST £. 
 
 To-day the weather continued as warm and fine as it had 
 been from the day Charles X. signed the ordinances ; the streets 
 were crowded, but without confusion, and every where the 
 pavement was renewing. 
 
 The journals had now reappeared, except the London Ex-, 
 press, the Drapeau Blanc, and the Universel, which were pro- 
 bably given up. The National took a decided step at first, 
 and held its fearless course throughout the struggle. To-day 
 it asserted, that if the king intended to abdicate in favour of 
 the Duke of Bourdeaux, it was visibly for the purpose of put- 
 ting the crown on the head of a child to whom no reproach 
 could be applied, and of preventing, by these means, the ex- 
 tinction of the pretended rights of the Bourbon family. But, 
 says this Journal, *^ We have victory on our side. Victory 
 gives and takes away empires. It has placed in our hands the 
 disposal of the Crown of France. We shall do so as we please, 
 and in favour of a Prince acknowledging to hold it from us. 
 This is an important condition for France. The Duke of Bour- 
 deaux would still hold his crown ' by the grace of God.' The 
 Prince we shall make choice of will hold it from us alone ; we 
 must therefore reject this wretched remnant of pretension. 
 Once more we are the conquerors, and we ought to profit by 
 our victory.'* 
 
 The walls were placarded with appeals in favour of invest- 
 ing the Duke of Orleans with the sovereignty ; among others, 
 his letter in *1 8 15 to Marshal Mortier : but there was a gene- 
 ral conviction of the necessity for leaving the discussion of all 
 points respecting the future King — the future constitution — r 
 and the future government — to the Chambers. A commis- 
 sion consisting of MM. Odillon, Barrot De Schonen, Jacqu- 
 eminot, the Duke de Coigny, an^d the Duke de Proviso^ left 
 Paris this afternoon for Rambouillet, with a safe-conduct for 
 Charles X., and to arrange and forward his departure. 
 
 The judges of the ancient Cour Royale of Paris engaged in 
 a small way to help the lameness of legitimacy. On Friday 
 the 30th, the day after Paris was delivered from its invaders by 
 the energies of thepeople, and when St. Cloud itself was about 
 to fall into their power, the Cour Royale kept up its intercourse 
 with Charles X., whose very shadow inspired it with awe^ 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 151 
 
 Messrs. de Mortemart and de Semonville requested M. Se- 
 guier, the first president, to convoke the Court, and prevail 
 upon it to adopt some step favourable to the Royal cause. M. 
 Seguier consented, and drew up with his own hand the draught 
 of the letter of convocation ^'in the name of his majesty.*' 
 When the letters were all prepared, the porters of the Court 
 were not inclined to carry them, for fear of being stopped by 
 the patrols of citizens ; but at length they v/ere prevailed upon, 
 and the next day, Saturday the 31st, the major part of the Ma- 
 gistrates assembled to administer justice, ^^ in the name of his 
 Majesty ^^^ to '< his Majesty's people.''^ They assembled alone 
 — not a single Advocate — not a single Attorney appeared. 
 This absence might have admonished the ancient Court that 
 it no longer existed. It persisted, however, in holding its im- 
 portant sittings, and to-day sat again. A number of advocates 
 and solicitors appeared, but without their robes. M. Seguier, 
 discovering that the ancient Cour Royale was as little agree- 
 able to the bar as to the people, closed the sitting instantly. 
 Two or three of the advocates, famed for monarch- worship, 
 defended the Cour Royale, borrowing the hypocritical phrases of 
 the ex-king : — " Justice is the prime want of the people ; the 
 magistrates are irremoveable in virtue of the Charter." The 
 answer was — ** It is true, justice is the prime need ot the peo- 
 ple, but justice can only proceed from pure lips ; true, the ma- 
 gistrates are irremoveable, but where is the principle of their 
 immoveabiiity ? In the Charter. But what has become of 
 the Charter ? It has been torn to pieces by the late King, 
 who has violated his oath, and we are absolved from ours. 
 The Charter no longer exists ; you, magistrates of th^i Charter, 
 have disappeared along with it. A new government is erecting 
 on the will of the people — -have you received your appoint- 
 ment from this new Government ?" Thus terminated the at- 
 tempt of the ancient Cour Royale to disturb the peace. 
 
 To-day the Lieutenant-General of the kingdom issued an 
 ordinance repealing condemnations for political offences of 
 the press, directing the liberation of all persons confined for 
 such offences, remitting their fines and expenses, and quash- 
 ing prosecutions. Other ordinances appointed M. Bernard, of 
 Rennes, Procureur-General at the Royal Court ; M. Barthe, 
 Procureur du Roi at the tribunal of First Instance ; and M. 
 Joseph Morilhon, Secretary-General of the Ministry of Justice. 
 These appointments gavo much satisfaction, especially the 
 latter. 
 
 On the Duke of Orleanfs becoming Lieutenant-General, Ge- 
 
152 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 neral Lafayette had resigned the command of the Nationgi! 
 Gu^rd ; but the Duke prevailed on him to accept it again, and 
 thus continue to the rising government the important sanction 
 of his venerated narne. 
 
 General Lafayette, on resuming his command, issued the 
 following 
 
 ORDER OF THE DAY. 
 
 '* August 2, 
 *' During the glorious crisis in which the Parisian energy has 
 conquered our rights, every thing still remains provisional: 
 there is nothing definitive but the sovereignty of those national 
 rights, and the eternal remembrance of the glorious work of 
 the people ; but, amid the various powers instituted through 
 the necessity of our situation, the re-organization of the Na« 
 tional Guards is a most necessary defence for the public ord^r, 
 and one which is highly called tor. The opinion of the 
 Prince exercising the high station of Lieutenant- General of 
 the Kingdom, most honourable to myself, is, that I should for 
 the present take that command. In 1 790 I refused to accept 
 such an offer, made to me by S.OOOjOOO of my comrades, as 
 that office would have been a permanent one, and might one 
 day have become a very dangerous one. Now that circum- 
 stances are-altered, I think it my duty, in order to serve liberty 
 and my country, to accept the station of General-Commandant 
 of the National Guards of France. 
 
 " Lafayette." 
 
 Another order of the day directed the general organization 
 of the National Guards, upon the principles of that formed 
 in 1791, without any change in the uniform, except that of the 
 cutf being white instead of blue. 
 
 In the National Guard consists the physical strength of the 
 people. The measure which of all others most contributed to 
 the preservation of tranquillity was the promptitude with which 
 the Provisional Government, on the recommendation of La- 
 fayette, proceeded to the organization of twenty regiments of 
 this civic force. This arrangement had the effect of clearing 
 the streets of all who, in a moment of excitement, might have 
 become disturbers, and converting all into protectors of the 
 public peace. The rapidity with which the lists had been filled 
 up assured the minds of the most timid that, if danger were to 
 arise, there would be no want of a powerful body of able, 
 valiant, and disinterested defenders. Thjs mpTOn^ there was 
 
KlEVOLUTION IN FRANCE) 1830. 153 
 
 ^ surplus of 70,000 or 80,000 beyond the number requisite 
 under ordinary circumstances. A proclamation this morning, 
 from the Municipal Government, invited patriotic offerings. 
 
 The Peers and Deputies held separate meetings to-day, pre- 
 paratory to the important opening of the Chambers to-morrow 
 by the Lieutenant-General of the kingdom. The Deputies 
 drew lots for a grand deputation to receive him. Nearly all 
 the members present were of the centre and extreme left ; 
 several of the centre right attended. Very few of the extreme 
 right were expected to attend the Chamber to-morrow. 
 
 The treasure of the Dutchess d'Angouleme, amounting to 
 £60,000 sterHng, fell into the hands of the government. 
 Among her papers a plan of a counter-revolution was found. 
 The fall of the Court of Charles X. caused confusion and 
 alarm among the superior clergy. Several prelates fled from 
 their diocesses, loaded with the same maledictions which ac- 
 companied the King's precipitate retreat. His noted confi- 
 dant and adviser, M. Latiel, archbishop of Rheims, was 
 stopped at Vaugirard with a great quantity of church plate in 
 his carriage. This was taken away, and he was allowed to 
 proceed. 
 
 During the whole day the roads leading to Paris were covered 
 with soldiers of all descriptions coming in to join the popular 
 ranks : they were immediately directed to the various depots 
 appointed to receive them. The arrival of old officers and 
 sub-ofl[icers was also constant ; all those in Paris had already 
 submitted. The appearance of the old soldiers excited deep 
 interest. They were the remnants of the old grand army, and, 
 excited by recent and passing events, now displayed a spirit 
 sometimes beyond their corporeal powers. This morning, at 
 the Palais Royal, an elderly man in the costume of a Colonel 
 of the old army was seen to limp along the galleries with great 
 animation. He was attended by a man older than himself, in 
 the uniform of the Veterans, who seemed to act as a species of 
 orderly. They stopped at several houses to leave orders, and 
 were two of the most interesting figures imaginable. The 
 sight of an old officer and an old soldier in the Palais Royal, 
 and on business^ excited the attention and curiosity of the 
 news-loving citizens. The Colonel could not be approached, 
 and his Aid-de-Camp had such an air of importance and occu- 
 pation as to repel idle curiosity. A man at last ventured, vv^ith 
 great humility, to ask the veteran who was the officer before 
 them? The orderly abruptly replied — " Cest un ancien^^ 
 (He is an old 'un) — ^^ Comment T^ — '^ Mais oui,^^ said the 
 
 02 
 
154 ANNALS OF Till;: 
 
 Serjeant, with a look of pity for the ignorance of the inquirer^* 
 and of complacent pride, " tons les anciens s out Za"~( All 
 the old 'uns are here). This brusque reply diffused pleasure 
 among all who heard it. The old army lives in the affections 
 and the confidence of the French. They call the conscripts 
 and young rrencji soldiers "Jean-Jean," playfully, as we call 
 our sailors ^' Jack." The old soldiers are looked upon with 
 great reverence by Jean-Jean, and are called in the same way 
 " les anciens" (the old fellows), or '^ old 'uns." 
 
 This morning the admirers of court dignity received a dread- 
 ful shock. The Dutchess of Orleans and her daughters came 
 to the Palais Royal from their country seat near Courvevoie, 
 as simple passengers, in a Caroline, a carriage similar to the 
 omnibus. So notorious an irruption upon etiquette, by a 
 lady of royal blood, crushed all hope of living under such 
 an order of things as it portended. It was clear that the 
 world — the great world — was at an end. The Dutchess of 
 Orleans^ accompanied by her numerous family, visited the 
 wounded at the Hotel Dieu. They there dispensed consola- 
 tion and succour to the wives and children of the brave citi- 
 zens. Enthusiastic acclamations greeted this solemn homage 
 to courage in misfortune. The Dutchess replied by tears. In 
 the evening, the young ladies of the Orleans family were em- 
 ployed in making lint for the wounded. They sat in Ihe bal- 
 cony of the terrace of the Palais Royal, but were concealed 
 from public view. 
 
 At night the National Guard were preparing to assist in the 
 solemn ceremony of the opening of the Chamber to-morrow« 
 
 TUESDAY, AUGUSTS. 
 
 The opening of the Chambers, which had been fixed for to- 
 day, and which, as it approached, was anticipated with in- 
 creasing anxiety, now took place at the Palais du Corps Legis- 
 latif, heretofore called the Chamber of Deputies. 
 
 There were present at the opening of the session one hundred 
 and ninety-four Deputies. They were chiefly of the extreme 
 left, consisting mostly of Repubhcans and some Buonaparteans ; 
 the centre left, consisting of moderate Reformers, and a few 
 opponents to ministers, desiring their places rather than dis- 
 liking their measures ; and about a dozen moderate adherents 
 to the expelled dynasty : there were no ultra-royalists. The 
 
EEVOLUTION IN FnANCE, 1830. 155 
 
 g'alleries were crowded with peers, general officers of the old 
 army, the diplomatic body, and other auditors. In the body of 
 the Ciiamber were the Deputies, who, instead of appearhig in 
 their royal costume, preserved their ordinary black clothing. 
 A few of them who were generals appeared in uniform. The 
 most conspicuous military man was General Sebastiani, wha, 
 though dressed in black, wore over his coat the grand cordon 
 of the Legion of Honour. They awaited the arrival of the 
 Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom. There were about sixty- 
 nine peers present. 
 
 At one o'clock, the Duke of Orleans, dressed in the uniform 
 of a Lieutenant-General, and accompanied by detachments of 
 the National Guard of each arrondissement, left the Palais 
 Royal. He was received on his passage with enthusiastic 
 cries of ^* Vive d'Orleans !" and " Vive la Liberte !" On 
 arriving at the Palais of the Legislatif body, the music of the 
 legions struck up the air of *' La victoire est a nous." The 
 Duke, preceded by his family, was ushered into the hall of 
 the sittings, by the grand deputation appointed lo receive him. 
 On their entrance they were received by the Deputies standing, 
 and with loud cries of " Vive d'Orleans !" — *' Vive la Liberte I'' 
 The Dutchess of Orleans appeared greatly affected by the 
 scene, and, notwithstanding the efforts she made to conceal 
 her feelings, the redness of her eyes betrayed recent emotions? 
 occasioned by the joyous acclamations of the people, during 
 the progress from the Palais Royal. 
 
 The Duke of Orleans, as Lieutenant-General of the King- 
 dom, opened the sittings by the following speech : — 
 
 " Peers and Deputies, 
 
 Paris, troubled in its repose by a deplorable violation of 
 the Charter and of the laws, defended them with heroic cou- 
 rage ! f n the midst of this sanguinary struggle, all the guaran- 
 tees of social order no longer subsisted. Persons, property, 
 rights, every thing that is most valuable and dear to men and 
 to citizens, was exposed to the most serious danger. 
 
 " In this absence of all public power, the wishes of the 
 public citizens turned towards me ; they have judged me 
 worthy to concur with them in the salvation of the country ; 
 they have invited me to exercise the functions of Lieutenant- 
 General of the kingdom. 
 
 '* Their cause appeared to me to be just, — the danger im- 
 mense — the necessity imperative, — my duty sacred. I hastened 
 to the midst of this valiant people, followed by my family^ and 
 
156 ' AKNAIS OF THE ^ 
 
 wearing those colours^vhich, for the second time, have marked 
 among us the triumph of liberty. 
 
 '* I liave coQie, firmly resolved to devote myself to all that 
 circumstances should require of me in the situation in which 
 they have placed me, to establish the empire of the laws, to 
 save liberty, which was threatened, and render impossible the 
 return of such great evils, by securing for ever the power of 
 that Charter whose name, invoked during the combat, was also 
 appealed to after the victory, i^ Applauses,) 
 
 '^ In the accomplishment of this nobk task it is for the Cham- 
 bers to guide ine. All rights must be solenmlf guaranteed, all 
 the institutions necessary to their full and free exercise must re- 
 ceive the developements of which they have tieed. Attached 
 by inclination and conviction to the principles of a free govern- 
 ment) I accept beforehand all the consequences of it. I think 
 it my duty immediately to call your attention to the organiza- 
 tion of the National Guards, to the application of the jury to 
 the crimes of the press, the formation of the departmental and 
 municipal administrations, and above all to that fourteenth ar- 
 ticle of the Charter which has been so hatefully interpreted. 
 {Fresh applauses,) 
 
 '« It is with these sentiments, gentlemen, that I come to open 
 this session. 
 
 *' The past is painful to me. I deplore misfortunes which I 
 could have wished to prevent ; but in the midst of this mag- 
 nanimous transport of the capital, and of all the other French 
 cities, at the sight of order reviving with marvellous prompt- 
 ness, after a resistance pure from all excesses, a just national 
 pride moves my heart, and I look forward with confidence to 
 the future destiny of the country. 
 
 " Yes, gentlemen, France, which is so dear to us, will be 
 happy and free; it will show to Europe that, solely engaged 
 with its internal prosperity, it loves peace as well as liberty, and 
 desires only the happiness and the repose of its neighbours. 
 
 " Respect for all rights, care for alt interests, good faith in 
 the government, are the best means to disarm parties, and to 
 bring back to people's minds that confidence, to the institi^ions 
 that stability, which are the only certain pledges of the happi- 
 ness of the people, and of the strength of the states. 
 " Peers and Deputies, — 
 
 «' As soon as the Chambers shall be constituted, I shall have 
 laid before you the acts of abdication of his majesty King Charles 
 X. By the same act his royal highness Louis Antoine de 
 France also renounces his rights. This act was plated in my 
 
KEVOLUTIOX IN FRANCE, 1830. 15T 
 
 hands yesterday, the 2d of August, at 1 1 o'clock at night. I 
 have this morning ordered it to be deposited in the archives of 
 the Chamber of Peers, and I caused it to be inserted in the offi- 
 cial part of the Moniteur,^' 
 
 The Duke pronounced his speech in a very audible voice, 
 and laid peculiar emphasis on the passages in which he alluded 
 to the violations of the Charter, and the guarantees against fu- 
 ture encroachments. The instant he concluded, the cries of 
 *' Vive d' Orleans J^'^ — '•' Vive la liberty T^ were repeated more 
 loudly than before. The Duke appeared to be deeply affected : 
 he saluted the assembly several times, and withdrew with his 
 sons, attended by the great deputation, which conducted him 
 back to the door. 
 
 M. Lafitte then advanced towards the centre of the assembly 
 and said, " I think, gentlemen, that we ought to separate to- 
 day, to meet again to-morrow at noon.*' Some members pro- 
 posed to form bureaux (committees), and appoint a president 
 at once ; but the Chamber adjourned till to-morrow. 
 
 The opening of the Chamber was of necessity an affair of 
 mere ceremony, and in five minutes the sitting was ended. The 
 immense crowd which surrounded the palace filled the air wdth 
 the loudest acclamations. The National Guard alone, in their 
 best uniforms, lined the way ; but they seemed to have come ra- 
 ther to take part in the fete than to maintain order, for nobody 
 thought of disturbing it. At the slightest injunction of a citizen- 
 soldier, the groups dispersed as if by enchantment to make room 
 for the Deputies. An individual, who used some expressions 
 of loyalty to the ex-King, was escorted to the guard-house : in 
 the former revolution such a manifestation would have con- 
 ducted him to the next lamp-iron. A single incident inter- 
 rupted tranquillity for a moment at one point. Some persons 
 carried about the square a tri-coloured flag covered with crape, 
 crying, '^ Liberty or death !" The National Guard speedily 
 dispersed this assemblage : a few of them w-ere for a moment 
 arrested* They were found to have pistols about them, but not 
 loaded, and the prisoners were immediately released. 
 
 The act of abdication of Charles X., and of the Due d'An- 
 gouleme, referred to by the Duke of Orleans in his speech, as 
 having been received by him at midnight, i^ annexed : — It was 
 addressed, '•' To my cousin, the Duke of Orleans, Lieutenant' 
 General of the Kingdom :" — 
 
 *' Rambouillet, Aug. 2. 
 
 " My Cousin, — lam too profoundly grieved by the evils 
 \yhich afflict, or might threaten my people, not to have sought a 
 
158 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 means of preventing them. I have therefore taken the reso- 
 lution to abdicate the crown in favour of my grandson, the 
 Due de Bourdeaux. 
 
 ''The Dauphin, who partakes my sentiments, also re- 
 nounces his rights in favour of his nephew. 
 
 '' You will have, then, in your quahty of Lieutenant-General 
 of the Kingdom, to cause the accession of Henry V. to the 
 crown to be proclaimed. You will take, besides, all the mea- 
 sures which concern you to regulate the form for the govern- 
 ment during the minority of the new King. Here I confine 
 myself to making known these dispositions^ : it is ti means to 
 ayoid many evils. 
 
 " You will communicate my intentions to the diplomatic 
 body ; arid you will acquaint me as soon as possible with the 
 proclamation by which my grandson shall have been recognised 
 King of France, under the name of Henry V. 
 
 " I charge Lieutenant-General Viscount de Foissac-Latour 
 to deliver ^his letter to you. He has orders to settle with you 
 the arrangements to be made in favour of the person^ who have 
 accompanied me, as well as the arrangements necessary for 
 what concerns me and the rest of my family. 
 
 " We will afterward regulate the other measures which will 
 be the consequence of the change of the reign. 
 
 " I repeat to you, my cousin, the assurance of the senti- 
 ments with which I am your affectionate cousin, 
 
 '' Charles, 
 
 " Louis Antoine.*' 
 
 This act of a man in dotage was in exact conformity with 
 every movement of the weakness he had always evinced, and 
 which^seemed to appertain to the family. When the fortress of 
 the Bastile was stormed and taken in July, 1789, and poor 
 Louis XVL was informed of it, he thought it might be more 
 than a street riot, and he called it '' a revolt :" the Due de Li- 
 ancourt — w^ith the honesty of Trim towards his master my un- 
 cle Toby— said to the king '' Please your Majesty, it is a revo- 
 lution I" On Wednesday, when a terrified miniature painter, 
 covered with the gore of a man shot by his side in Paris, told 
 Charles X. of the insurrection of the people, the king said '^ It 
 is nothing 1 — begin ;" and he calmly sat down to have his like- 
 ness taken. After the insurrection had become a revolution, 
 and the provisional government appointed the Duke of Orleans 
 Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, Charles X. — at that time 
 actually the creature of the people's mercy — dreamed of still 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. l59 
 
 possessing power, and he appointed the Duke Lieutenant-Ge- 
 neral of the Kingdom. At St. Cloud , where the people allowed 
 him to remain on sufferance, he imagined " his people 1" would , 
 petition him to return ; — '^ his people," whom his troops had 
 been for three days, by his order, endeavouring to butcher into 
 submission I This was too much to bear, and, on " his people" 
 preparing to force him from St, Cloud, he escaped to Ram- 
 bouillet J from thence he sent to the provisional government 
 then established in Paris, and got his bank notes changed, in 
 order, as they supposed, to enable him to continue his flight to 
 the coast. No. Still they were " his people!" — still their 
 loyalty might return ! — still they might want him in Paris I He 
 now had a camp at Rambouillet, with several corps of the 
 Royal Guards around him. It was impossible to suffer within 
 thirty miles of the capital an armed force which did not depend 
 upon the established government, and which, by its bare pre- 
 sence near Paris, kept the people there in a state of dangerous 
 irritation. In fact, the agitation against him increased alarm- 
 ingly in the capital, and there was every moment reason to fear 
 that masses of the population would, of their own accord^ 
 march to attack him. 
 
 The Duke of Orleans perceived the necessity of anticipating 
 movements which the prolongation of the abode of Charles X. 
 at Rambouillet could not fail to produce, and he selected chiefs 
 who, by regulating the people, might prevent excesses. He 
 felt also, that sentiments of affection and relationship dictated 
 to him the same measures that were commanded by his public 
 duties. The people were ringing the tocsin, and arming of 
 themselves. The drum of the government called the National 
 Guards ta their posts. It was then announced to them that 
 the attitude taken by the King required that he should be 
 brought to reason — be compelled to go, or surrender— and that 
 to effect one or the other, the citizens of Paris were required 
 by government to march on Rambouillet. The command of 
 the force was given to General Pajol, and under him were Ge- 
 neral Excelmans, Colonel Jacqueminot, and M. George La- 
 fayette. The pupils of the Polytechnic School were to act as 
 they directed, and no regular or organJ2«d troops were to be 
 employed. Volunteers, including lill those who had retained 
 muskets since the day of their trfiimph, presented themselves in 
 every direction. Six thousand departed within two hours. To 
 despatch them quickly, and save them from fatigue, the omni- 
 buses, and all the other carriages of that class, with hackney 
 coaches, and cabriolets,, were put in requisition. Thousands of 
 
160 AJ^NALS OF THE 
 
 others set out on foot, not in bodies, but in a continued stream* 
 They marched by the Champs^Elysees to the Bois de Boulogne^ 
 where the first attempt to reduce them to order was made, and 
 from thence by St. Cloud and Versailles. Hundreds of this 
 multitude were burning with inveteracy against a despot who 
 had remorselessly persisted in ordering the daily slaughter of 
 the people. The sons of an old man of seventy, who was shot 
 while standing at his window, joined in the march, fully re- 
 solved, if the slightest occasion should offer, to destroy some 
 of the royal family. The equipments were motley in the ex- 
 treme. Some were armed with rusty bayonets, some with 
 swords of one shape, some of another ; some with pikes at the 
 end of a pole, some with horse pistols ; some were without 
 shirts, some without jackets, others without stockings ; some 
 were in aprons, with part of the spoils of the soldiers over them ; 
 some in ragged caps, and some with the caps of the Swiss, who 
 with hundreds of others^ were in the bed of the river. Had 
 these people come in contact with Charles X., whom they 
 deemed the author of the late scenes in Paris, his head might 
 probably have preceded them into Paris. Such an act was 
 happily provided against by the Lieutenant-General. He had 
 hoped that the march of 6000 of the National Guard, which 
 was the force ordered against Rambouillet, would direct the 
 popular movements, and be such a demonstration as would in- 
 duce Charles X. to take the only step which so many circum- 
 stances united to make him adopt — that of retiring, and dis- 
 solving the armed force with which he was still surrounded. 
 The National Guard was joined by between 50,000 and 60,000 
 men, with that eagerness which distinguishes the French nation 
 in its enterprises. But at the same time that the Duke of Or- 
 leans fulfilled with resolution his duties as head of the state, he 
 gave every thing that he owed to misfortune and to the dignity 
 of France. Three commissioners. Marshal Maison, M. de 
 Schonen, and M. Odellon Barrot, were ordered to go to Charles 
 X., and protect him as far as the frontier. These commis- 
 sioners preceded the column advancing from Paris by some 
 hours. They saw the King, and urged him, in the name of 
 humanity, not to cause French blood to be shed in vain, and 
 at length induced him to depart. There were previous stipu- 
 lations on both sides. Charles was to restore the crown dia- 
 monds, and the provisional government was to furnish him with 
 4,000,000 of francs (about 170,000Z. sterling) ; and one-fourth 
 of this sum was required immediately. Such matters were 
 soon arranged, the commissioners obtained possession of the 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 16i 
 
 diamonds, and Charles having determined on proceeding to 
 Cherbourg, they notified it by the following letter. 
 
 TO THE LIEUTENANT-GENERAL OF THE KINGDOM. 
 
 " Ramhouillet^ Aug, 3. 
 "Monseigneur, — It is with joy that we announce the success 
 of our mission. The King has determined to depart with all 
 his family. We shall bring you all the incidents and details 
 of the journey with the greatest precision. May it terminate 
 happily ! 
 
 ••^ We follow the route to Cherbourg. All the troops are 
 directed to march on Epernon. To-morrow morning it will be 
 decided which shall definitively follow the King. 
 
 '' We are, with respect and devotion, 
 
 " Your Royal Highness's 
 ** Most humble and obedient servants, 
 '* De Schonen, 
 '* Le Marechal Maison, 
 "Odillon Barrot." 
 
 After Charles X. had dismissed his infantry, the Royal 
 Guard capitulated, and he quitted Rambouillet, with all his 
 family, abandoning every thing, except however his hopes that 
 the Duke of Bourdeaux or himself might regain the proprietor- 
 ship of "his people." The National Guards and the people 
 had bivouacked at Coignieres, and at daybreak desired to enter 
 Rambouillet. They were restrained by their commanders 
 until after the commissioners and their charge had left the 
 town, and the people even then had the good sense to depute 
 a vanguard of 3G0 men, who entered alone. The only abuse 
 of the victory was the possession of some of the King's bedi- 
 zened carriages, which they drove back to Paris in state, with 
 eight horses to each, and each with overfull loads of mostun- 
 genteel passengers inside and outside. Meantime Charles X., 
 with his family and the commissioners, arrived at Dreaux, 
 where the day's journey was to terminate. The town had 
 hoisted the tri-coloured flag. Its National Guard occupied th^ 
 outposts, and had detained the officers who had been sent 
 forward to prepare quarters. The Commissioners appeared, 
 and, at the sight of their tri-coloured scarf, the barriers were 
 opened ; the commissioners entered alone, and announced to 
 the National Guard that hostilities had terminated, that Charles 
 
 P 
 
162 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 X. was no longer sovereign of the country, but unhappy, and 
 had a claim to all the attention due to misfortune. The Na- 
 tional Guard declared their assent by acclamations, and car- 
 ried their delicacy so far as to hide as much as possible their 
 tri-coloured cockades when the King passed by. 
 
 In this posture of affairs all desired a permanent government, 
 but all were not agreed as to the form it should assume. The 
 real state of the public mind, and the reasons of each party, 
 with suggestions calculated to reconcile their differences, were 
 set forth in the following able article, from a careful perusal of 
 which sticklers for forms of government may gain knowledge, 
 and, if they have the power of reflection, derive wisdom. 
 
 {From the Journal des Dehats.) 
 
 ^'' A new order of things commences. We think it our 
 duty to explain openly our opinions and principles upon the 
 subject. 
 
 " The eldest branch of the House of Bourbon has ceased to 
 govern. His fall has been rapid. In less than eight days he 
 has fallen from his throne. He departs to-day, carrying 
 with him from France only an eternal farewell, mingled in 
 compassionate minds with pity, alas ! but without regret. He 
 departs : — he goes to seek his old exile. He is about to cross 
 the sea once more. No more France tor hitn ! No more 
 country ! It was his own seeking. He has by his errors 
 defeated the work of Providence, which had beyond all hope 
 recalled him from exile to place him on the greatest throne 
 in Christendom. 
 
 '' However well deserved the catastrophe may be- we 
 cannot contemplate it entirely without emotion. We pity the 
 ,daughter of Louis XVI., who has suffered so much, and always 
 heroically, and who returned hastily from her journey to ac- 
 company the flight of her family. We pity the Princess, whose 
 happiness her sister envied when she was going to reign in 
 Spain a few months since, and who loses, at one blow, the Ma-^ 
 jesty of her widowhood and the future Royalty of her son. We 
 commiserate so many rapid changes of fortune, and we bring 
 to mind the expression of Massillon, ^^God is great." We 
 may add that if God alone is great, it is because God alone is 
 just, and that according to the words of the poet— - 
 
 ^* Sa parole est stable et ne troinpe jamais," 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 163 
 
 " These are our sentiments. We do not make a mystery of 
 them, believing that we should not offend that branch of the 
 Bourbons about to govern us by stating how very fragile is 
 the greatness of those whose oaths are fragile ; believing also 
 that we shall not displease France by reminding it of misfor- 
 tunes which it sought to prevent by its representations, but 
 which were doomed to be accomplished, accompanied by the 
 agg^-avation of two crimes which can never be effaced— the 
 violation of sworn faith, and the effusion of French blood. 
 
 '* We come now to the principles which will be the rule of 
 our conduct in the new order of things. 
 
 " The eldest branch of the Bourbons fell the first time in 
 1 789, in conjunction with the whole of social order. Notwith* 
 standing the violence of the revolution, it did not entirely de-^ 
 stroy the old social order. There were opinions and powerful 
 interests which clung to it. These assisted the restoration. 
 Now the eldest branch of the same family falls ; but falls alone. 
 No part of our existing social order has perished with it— nay, 
 more, it is because this branch wished to overthrow social 
 order, that it has been itself overthrown. Its return, therefore, 
 is impossible. Persons are never considered for themselves, 
 but for the things which they lepreseni and personify , Now the 
 eldest branch of the Bourbons represents at the present time 
 only itself, — itself alone, and perhaps also the power of the 
 clergy ; that is to say, a thing which is more superannuated 
 and defunct in France than absolute power — -a thing which 
 dates from the middle age, while absolute loyalty dates only 
 from the sixteenth century. Its return is therefore impos- 
 sible, — nothing of our actual social order having perished 
 with it; 
 
 " But, in order that its return maybe impossible, it is neces- 
 sary to maintain the existing social order. We must maintain 
 our institutions, and only develop them according to the 
 means which they themselves furnish us with for doing so. 
 Let us maintain what is, since what is is not opposed to what 
 ought to he^ since what is favours the regular development of 
 society. Let us maintain the Representative Government, 
 which is at once conservative and progressive. 
 
 *' In France, if our power is employed to maintain the ex- 
 isting social order, it is invincible ; for it is supported by the 
 wishes of the majority. If it be employed against the main- 
 tenance of our institutions— if we desire to establish the re- 
 public, this power becomes more doubtful and uncertain, be- 
 
164 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 cause it is necessary to measure it no longer in its relation witli' 
 France, but with Europe. 
 
 " In effect, every thing which is done in France is a Euro- 
 pean event. We do not labour for ourselves alone, but for all 
 the continent. Such is our destiny ; grand and majestic, 
 doubtless, but one which Ought to occasion us serious reflec- 
 tions. The French revolution shook the whole continent, 
 overthrew states, changed the old European society. What we 
 do at this moment will also have its effect on Europe ; that we 
 may be certain of. The question to be decided now is, whe- 
 ther the republic has the majority of Europe in its favour. 
 
 ** We believe for our own parts, that a republic has not the 
 majority of France in its favour ; but it is certain, it is evident, 
 that it has not the majority of Europe in its favour. If, then, 
 we form ourselves into a republic, we must republicanise the 
 whole of Europe, whether it will or no. The experience of 
 the revolution proves that it will be a necessity more powerful 
 than all the promises we may make of occupying ourselves 
 with our own affairs, without concerning ourselves with our 
 neighbours. This selfishness is possible only in England, In 
 France it is impossible. 
 
 '' To republicanise Europe is a formidable task, when we 
 reflect that the representative government, the inevitable pre- 
 face to a republican state, has scarcely begun to exist without 
 strength and power in some of the small states of Germany, 
 and that it does not exist at all in Prussia, Austria, Italy, and 
 Spain. — What wars, what blood, w^hat money, would it not 
 cost to bring Europe to an order of things from which she is 
 still removed ! — But w^e will conquer as we have already done. 
 Yes ; but on what condition have you conquered ? On condi- 
 tion of having a Buonaparte. We will have one. Yes ; but 
 at the same price as the other— that is to say, at the price of 
 liberty ; so that, by an inevitable circle, a republic brings war 
 - — war brings a Buonaparte — and Buonaparte brings the aboli- 
 tion of the republic. But if we had a republican Buonaparte ! 
 — it is impossible. What made Buonaparte's power was his 
 having all the energies of France in his hands. But in order to 
 obtain them he was obliged to protect the interests of the ancient 
 regime, to raise up the altars, to recall the emigrants, and to do 
 all this he was compelled to make himself Emperor. There 
 is, therefore, ahvays the same inevitable circle — the republic, 
 war, the empire — that is to say, the abolition of the republic. 
 
 '^ The maintenance of the easting social order,, and its pro- 
 
liMott/TION IN FRANCE J 18 30* 165 
 
 gressive and regular development — those are our principles. 
 Existing society has for its object the union of liberty and or- 
 der. This union France has sought for forty years. Under 
 Buonaparte it had order without liberty ; under Louis XVIII. 
 an able king, they succeeded each other in turn rather than co- 
 existed ; it was all, we believe, that the difficulties of the times 
 permitted. To secure order, our first care should be to get 
 rid of provisional government; for that would soon be anar- 
 chy ! It is for the Chamber of Peers and the Chamber of De-* 
 puties to provide for the safety of France. We await their 
 decision." 
 
 An English lady, in a letter to her husband in London, plea- 
 santly expresses her opinion of the important movements in 
 Paris. She says — " What a pity — you that are an amateur 
 ^ — that you have not been here to see a pattern revolution. 
 The French, from being, a warning, have become an ex- 
 ample — a glorious example to all nations; Never was any 
 thing more prompt, more- vigorous, more intelligent, and, after 
 the most triumphant success, more moderate. And all con- 
 ducted by a populace unprepared, and absolutely without 
 Chiefs. Not a single act of unnecessary destruction or vio- 
 lence of any sort has been committed. Yesterday evening we 
 walked through crowds of armed men in all the intoxication of 
 victory, without the slightest inconvenience. The tri-coloUred 
 flag and cockade were displayed in all directions ; the people 
 were parading the streets with garlands of roses hung on the 
 points of their bayonets, and from one end of Paris to the other 
 nothing was heard but one universal cry of * Vive la Charte /' ^^ 
 She then briefly relates scenes that preceded this tranquillity, 
 and carelessly adds, the '> poor Garde Royale — my good 
 friends of Notre Dame— how bravely have they sold their lives 
 for sixpence a day, and for that which they have been educated 
 to believe right. And this poor foolish King ! — can you be- 
 lieve such profound infatuation ?- — yesterday, at noon, he gra* 
 ciously granted an amnesty to his loving subjects ! I dare say 
 the poor man will retire to Hartwell, or elsewhere, with a con- 
 science void of offence towards God and man. In fact, the 
 being a century behind their subjects in knowledge is the only 
 fault of the Bourbons ; and, perhaps, they ought no more to be 
 held responsible for the calamities they have been the cause o^ 
 than the bull Apis, if his worshippers had chosen to cut their 
 throats on his account. However, it is to be hoped that the 
 feign of oxen and asses is nearly at an end all over the worlds 
 
 P 2: 
 
166 AINNALS OF 'ftl^E^ 
 
 —My brother Charles was at the taking of the Tuileries, aiid 
 went m with the rest. He brought nie some scented wood 
 from the toilette of the Ducthess de Berri. He said the peo- 
 ple did no mischief except tearing down the curtains to make 
 themselves scarfs. Only one picture was shot through with 
 hundreds of balls — it was the portrait of the Due de Ragusa. 
 Notwithstanding their moderation, the people seemed to think 
 that they had a fair right to make themselves welcome to the 
 contents of the cellar. Charles says a'bottle which fell to his 
 share tasted exactly like the sacramental wine at Queen's. — It is 
 ROW reported that the Due d'Orleans is to be King ; but I do 
 not believe any thing is yet known. As far as the nation is 
 concerned all is finished ; for it is little mischief that seven 
 madmen, with the poor unfortunate King at their head, could 
 do. But, if they should bring down others of their clan from 
 foreign countries, this may be only the beginning of misfor- 
 timeg. I cannot help thinking it is lucky that George IV. is 
 gathered to his fathers ; for he might have taken it into his 
 head to meddle in the matter.— The preparations for defence 
 are not in the least relaxed, and there are said to be in Paris 
 70,000 men under arms. Except for the 1500 killed and 
 wounded, lliis would almost have been what Mirabeau said- 
 was impossible — a revolution of rose-water." 
 
 To-day, the duke de Chartres, eldest son of the Lieuten- 
 ant-General, entered Paris at the head of his regiment, preced- 
 ed and followed by the National Guards of Rouen and Evreux, 
 and a very considerable number of young men. He proceed- 
 ed along the boulevards to the Palais Royal, with the duke 
 of Orleans, and the duke of Nemours, on his right and left. 
 The assembled crowd welcomed him with the most lively ac- 
 clamations. 
 
 The officers of the old army were flocking in all day. It 
 was amusing to observe with what importance the old (private) 
 soldiers bore themselves. The '^ young ones," the men who 
 fought so bravely last week, were still in possession of many of 
 the posts they took ; the Bank Guard w^as composed of them 
 and the National Guards, half and half, and the same in the 
 Palais Roy^al ; but the Tuileries has been continued to thern- 
 aelves, with the tri-coloured flag they hoisted on it when they 
 took it, consisting of three pocket handkerchiefs, subscribed by 
 the captors, pinned together to form the tri-colour. 
 
 This afternoon the volunteers of Elbeuf made their en- 
 tree into the ci-devant caserne of the Garde du Corps. They 
 were a fine body of men, abo^t 400 in number, all armed 
 
Revolution in France, 1830. 167 
 
 with muskets and bayonets, and more than one half of them 
 in the full uniform of the National Guards. Immense bodies 
 from other quarters were on their march to succour the Pari- 
 sians, if necessary. An '^ old 'un," who stood to see the El- 
 beuf battahon enter— a man of about sixty — his hair black, but 
 his mustaches and whiskers gray — -wore a sky-blue vest, a 
 scarlet dolman or pelisse, buff leather breeches, boots, a square 
 fur cap, and sabretache — all ornamented with the letter " N" 
 and Bees. He said he had been a Quartermaster of the Corps 
 of Guides of the Imperial Guard. He had resumed his well- 
 preserved uniform, and left his house at Chaton, near St. 
 Germaine-en-Laye, on Sunday last, to join the *' new army," 
 as he called it, and narrowly escaped a volley fired at him by( 
 some retreating Swiss. He had been restored to his old rank 
 by the existing Government. The careful preservation of 
 every article of their ancient costume, by those veterans, tends 
 to prove that what happened last week would have happened, 
 sooner or later, even though the charter had not been openly 
 violated. 
 
 An English gentleman relates an amusing anecdote. He 
 was walking to-day in the plain of Grenelle, and met a coun- 
 tryman armed with a fowling-piece, accompanied by a tall, sol- 
 dier-like young man, with his arm in a sling. In reply to in- 
 quiry for news of the king, the countryman said the Sacre had 
 fled. "This man with his arm in a sling," added he, ''is 
 my prisoner. Is it not true, Jean ?" '•'' Yes," said the young 
 man, with a humble shake of the head. "He was a soldierj- 
 and so I fired at him," said the countryman, '^ and shot him 
 through the arm, which reminded him that I was the friend of 
 his cousin. He told me he was from Issy (a village near Paris), 
 and would join the people ; so I took him into a public-house, 
 and gave him some wine, and a pair of trousers, and that 
 jacket ; for I could not hear the sight of his butcher's dress. 
 1 then had his moustaches shaved, and we are now on our way 
 across the plain, to spend the evening with his cousin." This 
 incident shows the kindly disposition that prevailed among the- 
 people towards each oth^r. 
 
t6i ANNALS QF TH^ 
 
 WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 4. 
 
 At noon to-day the Chamber of Deputies met, and proceed- 
 ed to business under M. Labbey de Pompierre, President* by 
 seniority, when the nine bureaux (committees) were formed 
 by ballot. The validity of the elections was discussed. A 
 great number of members were declared duly elected, and the 
 decision upon others postponed. M. Charles Dupin said that 
 oh account of the crisis of affairs it was highly important to pro- 
 ceed rapidly, and therefore to declare that the Chamber would 
 sit permanently till it had verified the powers of all the mem- 
 bers who had presented their papers. This was agreed to, 
 and the Chamber proceeded to vote for five candidates, one of 
 whom was finally to be elected President. The five members 
 chosen were M. CassimirPerrier,M. Jacques Lafit-te, M. Benja- 
 min Delessert, M. Dupin, sen., and M. Royer Collard. 
 Towards the close of the sitting, M. Charles Dupin said, 
 
 " With the Charter in my hand, I say " M. de Corcelles 
 
 interrupted him — *' The Charter is defunct." During the bal- 
 loting, groups were formed in different parts of the hall, and, 
 from some words that fell, it was evident that they were dis- 
 cussing the propriety of forming a Secret Committee, to which 
 the majority evidently were opposed ; the words " point de 
 Comite Secret ! jamais de Comite Secret ! set the question at 
 rest. The abdication of Charles X. offered matter for much 
 remark : a member of the extreme left exclaimed, with vehe- 
 mence, *^ We do not want his abdication : in our quality of re- 
 presentatives of the French people, we have a right to impose 
 upon him the forfeiture of the throne." 
 
 In the Chamber of Peers, Baron Pasquier, appointed Presi- 
 dent of the Chamber by an Ordinance of yesterday, took the 
 Chair, and an Ordinance was read, by which the Dukes de 
 Chartres and Nemours, sons of the Lieutenant-General, were 
 authorized to sit during the Session. The Chamber appointed 
 Secretaries, and a Committee to draw up the Address, and 
 balloted for the bureaux. 
 
 It is not proposed to follow Charles X. in his progress witfr 
 the Commissioners. The foUow^ing document from Marmont^* 
 dated to-day, appears to have been the last document issued im 
 Ihe GX-King's behalf. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 169 
 
 '' ORDER OF THE DAY. 
 
 " Moulins^ August 4. 
 
 *' Immediately after the departure of the King, all the regi- 
 ments of infantry and artillery of the guards and of the gen- 
 d'armerie will commence their march to Chartres, where they 
 will receive all the provisions necessary for them. Messrs. 
 the chiefs of the corps, after having called their regiments to- 
 gether, will declare to them that His Majesty, with the most 
 profound affliction, finds himself obliged to separate from 
 them ; that he commands them to express his satisfaction to 
 the troops ; and that he will always preserve the remembrance 
 of their admirable conduct, of their devotedness and their pa- 
 tience in enduring the hardships and privations under which 
 they have laboured during the late unfortunate events. 
 
 '' The King, for the lae^t time, transmitted his orders to the 
 brave troops of the guards and of the line who have accom- 
 panied him. They are to go to Paris, where they will make 
 their submission to the Prince Lieutenant-General of the king- 
 dom, who has taken all necessary measures for their safety and 
 their future welfare. (Signed) 
 
 " The Marshal Duke of RAGUSA. 
 (Countersiijned) 
 
 *' The Chief of the Staff", the Mirquis de CHOISEUIL,'' 
 
 A letter was seized from the Duchess d'Angouleme to a 
 friend, in which she says that, '' after such decisive steps as 
 those, she really commences to love her uncle." This de- 
 monstrates her approbation of the manners of the ex-King, 
 who is her uncle and also her father-in-law. Papers were 
 stated to have been found, clearly establishing the fact of the 
 formation of prevotal qpurts, and of the determination of the 
 ex-minister to have condemned more than forty peers to death. 
 Upon authority which the Journal du Commerce believes au- 
 thentic, it publishes a list of persons for whose arrest warrants 
 were signed on the 25th of July. Many of these were depu- 
 ties duly elected, though in the warrants they are styled " for- 
 mer deputies." The warrants weje dated on the 26th, in 
 order that the ordinances of the day before, which annulled 
 the rights of these deputies, might colour the disojvnment. A 
 magistrate of the Tribunal de Premiere Instance, whose name 
 the Journal du Commerce purposely conceals, signed the war- 
 rants. The following is the list of the individuals singled out 
 
170 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 for court vengeance : — Messrs. Eusebe de Salverte ; General 
 Dernar9ay ; General Count Clausel ; General Lamarque ; 
 Tircuir de Corcelles ; Benjamin Constant ; the Count de 
 Bondy \ Duris Dufresne ; Viennet ; Daunon ; General Mou- 
 ton ; Count de Lobau ; Labbey de Pompieres : Manguin, 
 Advocate; Devaux, Advocate ; the Marquis de Grammont ; 
 Mercier, President of the Tribunal of Commerce at Alengon; 
 Colonel de Briqueville ; Colonel de Jacqueminot ; Dupont (de 
 FEure) ; and Audry de Puiraveau, all former Deputies ; Isam- 
 bert, Advocate: Odillon Barrot, Advocate; Merilhon ; Cb. 
 Dunoyer, Publicist ; Lieutenant-General Pafol ; Chatelain and 
 de Lapenauze, editors of the Courrier Frangais ; Ch. Fabre, 
 editor of the Tribune des Departemens ; Evariste, Dumou- 
 lin, Cauchois, Lemaire, and x\nnees, editors of the Constitu- 
 tionnel ; L. Pillet, editor of the Journal de Paris ; Roqueplan 
 and Bohain, editors of the Figaro ; Bert, editor of the Journal 
 du Commerce ; J. Coste, Baude, and Barbaroiix, editors of the 
 Temps ; Gauja, editor of the National; and P. Leroux, editor 
 of the Globe. Five vtrarrants of depot were issued against 
 Messrs. De Schonen, Counseller at Paris; de Podenas, Coun- 
 sellor at Toulouse ; Chardel, Judge of the Tribunal of the 
 Seine ; and Bavoux, Judge, all former Deputies ; and Madier 
 Montjau, Counsellor at Nismes. Orders were also issued to 
 exercise surveillance over Messrs. Jacques Lafitte, Banker ; 
 Cassimir Perrier, Banker ; Baron Louis, formerly a Minister ; 
 Lieutenant-General Count Gerard ; Lieutenant-General Du- 
 mas ; General Lafayette ; Destult de Tracy, jun. ; and Vatis- 
 menil, Minister of State, former Deputies ; Colonel Fabvier ; 
 Vice- Admiral Truguet, Peer of France ; Montalivet, Peer of 
 France ; Charles Comte, formerly editor of the Censeur Eu- 
 rojjeen ; Barthe, Advocate ; and Leon Thiesse, Journalist. 
 Among these will be perceived the names of some of the 
 ablest and most venerated men in Frar^ce. 
 
 To-day there was posted up in all the streets of Paris the 
 following 
 
 PLAeARD. 
 
 '* Charles X. can never again enter Paris ; he has caused 
 the blood of his people to flow. 
 
 " A republic will expose us to dreadful divisions and causo- 
 quarrels with Europe. 
 
 *' The Duke of Orleans never fought against us. 
 
 *' The Duke of Orleans was at Jemappe. 
 
 ^* The Duke of Orleans is a Citizen King^ 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 17l 
 
 ** The Duke of Orleans wore the tri-coloured cockade in 
 battle, and he will wear it again — we will have no other. 
 
 " The Duke of Orleans has not proclaimed himself, but 
 waits our wishes. Let us proclaim him : he will accept the 
 Charter, and the French people will support his throne." 
 
 The Duke of Bourbon (Conde), an aged prince of the 
 blood, who kept at a distance from the court of Charles X., 
 declared his adhesion to his relative the Duke of Orleans as 
 Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom. He was at St. Leu, 
 where he resided, on the 28th and 29th July, when the in- 
 habitants, irritated at the ordinances of Charles X., rose and 
 resolved to overthrow the local authorities and the ensigns of 
 royalty. Their first care, however, was to proceed to the resi- 
 dence of the prince, and to assure him that they would respect 
 his person, offering him a guard. To this offer the Prince 
 replied that he was in the midst of Frenchmen ; that, being a 
 citizen like them, he had nothing to fear. The next day they 
 returned to him and said, — *' Prince, the tri-coloured flag is 
 hoisted on all the public monuments and edifices. We should 
 like to hoist it in our Commune." '* My friends," replied he, 
 fastening a cockade to his button-hole, " these colours, which 
 the nation has just adopted, will henceforth be mine, and I 
 shall see them with pleasure at the Hotel of the Mayor ; for I 
 shall readily w^ear them myself." About three ^eeks after- 
 ward, in a state of nervous irritation, produced by harassing 
 taunts and reproaches of adherents to Charles X., which the 
 feebleness of age could not sustain, he committed suicide. 
 
 Attention was now resumed to the regulation of the me- 
 tropolis. The duties payable to the city of Paris on the entry 
 of goods and merchandise were re-established. The service 
 of water to the streets and houses was no longer suspended. 
 From the 27th of July to the 4th of August, it was impossible 
 for carts to pass freely, and all merchandise was carried on 
 men's shoulders. The pavement, which in every street had 
 been simultaneously raised and formed into barricades, was 
 now replaced. The boulevards were, in a great degree, dis- 
 encumbered from the trees which had been felled, and which 
 time only can repair. The chief loss of these ornaments was 
 from the Rue Montmartre to the Cafe de la Paix, where not 
 a tree was left. 
 
 A Paris letter, dated to-day, speaks of the hope and alarm 
 sometimes excited in the city. — " When a drum beats the Roy- 
 alists run in doors and the Liberals run out. The former ima- 
 gine that they are about to be guillotined, while the latter 
 
172 AlJ^NAXS OP THE 
 
 know it is merely the signal for the assemblage of the National 
 Guards.'* There was no ground for fear in either ; for there 
 was no enemy. Still, precautions were adopted, and these 
 kept on the alert as many of the people as had taken an active 
 share in the struggle. It was wise to use the unextinguished 
 feelings in the agreeable service of civic duties. They were 
 employed during the day, and in the evening there were the 
 recreations of the boulevards, and the theatres. The Marseil- 
 lais Hymn was now resumed, and chanted with fervour in 
 every street and almost in every house. It was the earliest 
 and most popular air of the old Revolution, never to be for- 
 gotten by men who sung it, or remembered that their fathers 
 sang it, in the first days of freedom. 
 
 The history of music records no production of the science 
 so wonderful in eflect as the Marseillais Hymn. When the 
 sword was drawn to cut down the pen— when the sovereigns 
 of Europe combined their armies to conquer France, and the 
 Duke of Brunswick issued a manifesto, threatening to march 
 to Paris— and France without a military force, or a hand to 
 help her, but confiding in the power of her will and the justice 
 of her purpose to be free, indignantly defied the hostility of her 
 insolent, invaders — the people sang the Marseillais Hymn, and, 
 shouting " Death or Liberty," dealt death to the legions of 
 despotism,^nd won liberty for France. Early in that awful 
 struggle the population of Paris had yielded so largely and 
 frequently to the armies on the frontiers, that the city was 
 emptied of almost every citizen that could bear arms. Fresh 
 levies were imperative, and attempted in vain, until on one 
 particular evening the Marseillais Hymn was sung at every 
 theatre in Paris. All the vocal performers at each house ap- 
 peared on the stage, and by voice and gesture, and scenic 
 accompaniment and reference to the victories already achieved, 
 the feelings of the audiences were transported. They sung 
 with the performers, encored, sung again, and w^ien they left 
 the theatre they still sung. On their way home the different 
 audiences met and joined in the national song. The effect 
 was electrical. By daybreak the next morning 40,000 of the 
 people marched out of Paris, singing the Marseillais Hymn, 
 to join the armies of their country. 
 
 The air derives its name from its having been the march 
 played by the band of the Marseillais Deputies on their en- 
 trance into the Champ de Mars, at the Grand Confederation 
 of the French people, in 1790. It was the cradle-hymn of 
 new-born liberty. The words were written by M. Rouget 
 
KETVOHrriON IN FRANCE, 1830. HS 
 
 Delisle. For five-and-thirty years the singing of the Marseil- 
 Jais hymn was prohibited by the ruHng factions in France, 
 while it was equally honoured by the detestation and oppro- 
 bium of tyranny abroad. In the mean time its author lived in 
 obscurity, and survived to witness the present Revolution, and 
 to be sought and honoured for his wonder-working words. 
 The Duke of Orleans, on becoming Lieutenant-General of 
 the kingdom, granted a pension of 1500 francs from his pri- 
 vate purse to M. Delisle. It was announced by a kind letter 
 from the Duke with this passage — ''The Hymn of the Mar- 
 seillais has revived in the heart of the Duke d'Orleans recol- 
 lections that are dear to him. He has not forgotten that the 
 author of that patriotic hymn was formerly his companion in 
 arms." 
 
 THE MARSEILLAIS HYMN. 
 
 Allons, enfans de la patrie, 
 Le jour de gloire est arrive ; 
 Centre nous, de la tyrannic 
 L'etendart sanglant est eleve — 
 L'etendart sanglant est eleve. 
 Entendez-vous, dans les campagnes. 
 Rugir ces feroces soldats ; 
 lis viennent jusques dans vos bras^ 
 Eo-orger vos fils, vos compagnes. 
 
 Aux armes, Citoyens, 
 
 Formez vos battaillons ; 
 
 Marchez, marchez, 
 
 Q'un sang impur 
 
 Abreuve nos sillonSe 
 
 'Que veut cet horde d'esclaves, 
 De traitres, de Rois conjures? 
 Pour qui ces ignobles entraves, 
 Ces fers des long temps prepares ? 
 Ces fers des long temps prepares ? 
 Fr an^ais, pour nous, ah ! quel outrage 
 Quels transports il doit exciter I 
 Cest nous qu'on ose mediter 
 De render a Pantique esclavage, 
 Aux armes, &C, 
 
 Quoi ! des cohortes etrangeres, 
 Feroient la loi dans nos foyers ; 
 Quoi ] ces phalanges mercenaires, 
 Terrasseroient nos fiers guerriers ! 
 Terrasseroient nos fiers guerriers j 
 
 Q 
 
174 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 Grand D5eu I pars des mains enchainees, 
 Nos fronts sou le joug se ploieroient ; 
 Des vils devotes deviendroient, 
 Les maitres de nos destinees. 
 Aux armes, &c. 
 
 Tremblez, tyrans ! et vous perfides, 
 L'opprobe de tons les parties — 
 Tremblez, — vos projet parricides, 
 Vont, enfin, receivoir leur prix. 
 Vont, enfin, receivoir leur prix. 
 Tout est soldat pour vos combattre, 
 S'ils tombent nos jeunes heros, 
 La France en produit de nouveaux, 
 Contre vous tous prets a se battr^. 
 Aux armes, &:c. 
 
 Fran§ais en guerriers magnanimes, 
 Portez ou retenez vos coupt ; 
 Epargnez ces tristes victimes, 
 A regret s'armant contre nous, 
 A regret s'armant contre nous ; 
 Mais, les despots sanguinaire, 
 Mais, les complices de Bouille 
 Tous ces tigres, qui sans pitie, 
 Dechirent le rien de leur mere. 
 Aux armes, &;c. 
 
 Amour sacre de la patrie, 
 Conduit, soutiens nos bras vengeurs ; 
 Liberte, Liberte ! cherie, 
 Combats avec tes defenseurs. 
 Combats avec tes defenseurs. 
 Sous nos drapeaux, que la victoire 
 Accoure a tes males accents : 
 Que les ennerais expirants, 
 Voient ton triomph et ta gloire. 
 Aux armes, &;c. 
 
 This evening the Opera House was opened with " La Mu- 
 etto di Portici," an opera full of sentiments applicable to the 
 battles and other events of last week ; they were applauded 
 with tremendous energy. In a rebellion scene there was a 
 simultaneous demand throughout the house for the Marseillais 
 Hymn. It was sung by the entire strength of the company, 
 the audience enthusiastically joining and vociferating the 
 chorus. The opera terminated by M, Norrit singing, in the 
 uniform of the National Guard, Casimir Delavigne's song, *^ La 
 Marche Parisienne," It was received with shouts of delight. 
 Norrit himself had valiantly fought with his fellow-citizens, 
 and at the end of the song the audience forced upoft him a 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 175 
 
 crown of laurel : he modestly placed it upon the tri-coloured 
 standard — the noble sentiment which inspired the act raised 
 the rapture of the spectators to a height that defies description. 
 There is no passable translation of the Marseillais Hymn. 
 The following is a version of the popular patriotic effusion of 
 M. Casimir Delavigne. 
 
 THE PARISIENNE. 
 
 Ye men of France ! the patriot brave ! 
 See freedom spreads her arms again ; 
 The daring tyrants call'd ye slaves ! 
 Ye answered, we are martial men I 
 And Paris, in her memory hoary, 
 Woke in her ancient shout of glory. 
 
 To the fight— to the fight, 
 
 In their guns' despite, 
 
 And the clashing sword, and the flashing light, 
 
 To the victory of right ! 
 
 Now close your ranks, heroic men I 
 
 On — on ! each cartridge that ye spread 
 
 Is incense of a citizen 
 
 Upon his country's altar-head. 
 
 O day, 'bove other days of story, 
 
 When Paris heard her shout of glory ! 
 To the fight, kc. 
 
 The grape-shot's murderous harvesting 
 But wakens many an unknown name ; 
 And 'neath the balls — youth's early spring 
 ^ Kipens to autumn's steady fame. 
 O day of bright and splendid story, 
 When Paris heard her shout of glory ! 
 To the fight, &c. m 
 
 Who, yonder marshalPd masses through, 
 Conducts -our flag with life-blood wet? 
 
 The saviour of two worlds — the true. 
 The hoary-headed Lafayette. 
 
 O day of fame, of hallowed story, 
 
 When Paris heard her shout of glory ! 
 To the fight, kc. 
 
 The glorious tints have hither march'd — 
 Again the blazing columns rise ; 
 
 And 'midst the clouds sees over-arch'd 
 Freedom's bright rainbow in the skies. 
 
 O day of fame — O pride of story, 
 
 When Paris heard the shout of glory I 
 To the fight, &:c. « 
 
ITS'^ ANNALS OF THE 
 
 Thou, soldier of the tri-colour I 
 
 Orleans ! — thy heart's blood thou would'st s^ill 
 With ours for banners borne before, ^ 
 
 Which thou art proud to honour still. 
 As in our brightest days of story, 
 Thou wilt repeat the cry of glory. 
 To the fight, fee. 
 
 But, hark ! the deep funereal drum I 
 
 They bear our brethren to their tomb I 
 And bearing laurel-crowns we come 
 To shrine them in immortal bloom ! 
 1 Temple of sorrow and of glory — 
 Pantheon ! guard their sacred story ! 
 
 We depose them here, 
 
 And our brows we bare 
 And we say live for ever — while we drop the tear — - 
 
 Martyrs of victory I 
 
 Morning Chronicle^ 
 
 THURSDAY, AUGUST 5. 
 
 The Chamber of Deputies to-day was ehieidy occupied m 
 deciding on the late elections of Members for the Chamber^ 
 and in formalities for the final election of its president. In 
 the preliminaries for that office a circumstance of some note 
 occurred. A deputation had waited on the Lieutenant-Ge- 
 neral to present to him the list of candidates^and on its return 
 reported to the Chamber that the Lieutenant-General had said 
 — "I should have wished that the Chamber had made the nomi- 
 siation directly itself, but we must submit to the law. Of this 
 I shall always give the example. I hope that this will be the 
 last time that this list will be presented to me." This answer 
 excited strong marks of approbation in the Chamber. 
 
 In the Chamber of Peers there were no proceedings of con-^ 
 sequence. 
 
 Prince Talleyrand was this morning among the number of 
 persons received by the Duke of Orleans. 
 
 The Bourse (Stock Exchange) opened to-day. 
 
 Lord Cochrane sent to General Lafayette, for the relief of 
 the wounded, 5000 francs from himself, and 5M0 from Lady 
 Cochrane. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, J 830. 177 
 
 Among the exiled French Conventionalists whom the new 
 Revolution may probably allow to return to France are — 
 
 Sieyes — Formerly a member of the Assemblee Constituante, 
 of the Convention, and Directory; afterward a Senator 
 during the empire. 
 
 Merlin of Douay — Ex-Procurator General of the Court of 
 Cassation, and author of the ** Repository of Jurisprudence." 
 
 Berlier — formerly Councillor of State. 
 
 Barrere — Formerly Member of the Committee of Public 
 Safety. 
 
 Mailles — Ex-counsellor of the Court of Cassation. 
 
 Ingraud — Formerly Member of the Committee of General 
 Safety. 
 
 Thiebaudeau — Formerly Counsellor of State, and Prefect of 
 Marseilles. 
 
 Gaultier. 
 
 Levasseur of La Sarthe — Author of the " Memoirs of the 
 Convention." -^ 
 
 Chazalle — Formerly Prefect of the Lower Pyrenees. 
 
 Procholle — Formerly Sub-Prefect of Neufchatel. 
 
 An incident of rather a ludicrous nature occurred at a 
 church in the neighbourhood of Paris. A cure, not remarkable 
 for his attainments in Latinity, in reading the morning service, 
 was staggered when he came to the word regem, in the prayer 
 for the King, and after the words Domme, sahmmfac^ abruptly 
 introduced the words le gouvernment provisoire. 
 
 FRIDAY, AUGUST 6. 
 
 The proceedings of the Chamber of Deputies to-day'w^re 
 very important. 
 
 M. Labbey Pompierre, provisional president, opened the 
 sitting by presenting an ordinance of the Lieutenant-General, 
 appointing M. Cassimir Perrier President of the Chamber, in 
 whose absence, from ill health, the chair was taken by M.Lafitte. 
 
 The first vice president received from one of the secretaries 
 an open paper, which he read as follows : — 
 
 '' The Chamber of Deputies accuses of high treason the 
 Ministers who signed the report to the King, and the ordinances, 
 dated the 25th of July, 1830. 
 
 " Etjsebe Salverte, 
 Q2 " Deputy of th^ Seine/* 
 
17 a ANNALS OF T^M 
 
 On the left and in the centre there were loud cheers. On 
 the extreme right, a mournful silence was observed. 
 
 M. Eusebe Salverte. — This proposition must be submitted to 
 the bureaux, according to the usual form ; but as the Cham- 
 ber, however important this matter may be, has still more im- 
 portant business to settle, I do not wish to address the Chamber 
 in explanation of my proposition, supposing it to need expla- 
 nation, until the expiration of eight days. 
 
 M. Berryer opened the important business of the day by 
 saying — '-' A solemn compact-united the French people to their 
 Monarch. This compact has been broken. The violators of 
 the contract cannot, with any title, claim the execution of it. 
 Charles X. and his son in vain pretend to transmit a power 
 which they n6 longer possess. That power is washed away by 
 the blood of many thousands of victims. The act of abdica- 
 tion with which you are acquainted is a fresh perfidy. The ap- 
 pearance of legality with which it is closed is a deception. It 
 is a brand of discord which it is wished to throw among us. 
 The real enemies of our country, and those who by flattery 
 urged the last government on to its ruin, are stirring in all 
 quarters ; they assume all colours, and proclaim all opinions. 
 A desire of indefinite liberty possesses some generous indivi- 
 duals, and the enemies to whom I speak hasten to encourage a 
 sentiment which they are incapable of comprehending, and 
 ultra-royalists appear in the guise of republican regicides. 
 Some others affect to have for the child of the forgotten con- 
 queror of Europe a hypocritical attachment, which would be 
 converted into hate if there could be any question of making 
 him chief of France. The unavoidable instability of the ex- 
 isting means of governing encourage the promoters of discord. 
 Let us hasten, then, to put an end to it. A supreme law, — 
 that of necessity, — has placed arms in the hands of the people 
 of Paris, for the purpose of opposing oppression. This law 
 induced us to adopt for a provisionary chief, and as the only 
 means of safety, a Prince who is the sincere friend of constitu- 
 tional institutions. The same law would lead us to adopt, 
 without delay, a definitive head of our government. But, 
 whatever may be the confidence with which this chief inspires 
 us, the rights which we are called upon to defend exact from 
 us that we should fix the conditions on which he shall obtain 
 power. Shamefully deceived as we have been repeatedly, it is 
 allowable in us to stipulate severe guarantees. Our institu- 
 tions are incompatible,- — vicious even in many respects. It is 
 fitting that we extend and ameliorate them. The prince who 
 
HEV LUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 119 
 
 is at our head is already aware of our just wants. The princi- 
 ples of many fundamental laws have been proposed by the 
 Chamber and recognised by him. Other principles, other 
 laws, are not less indispensable, and will likewise be obtained. 
 We are elected by the peoi)le. They have confided to us^the 
 defence of their interests and the expression of their wants* 
 Their first wants, their dearest interests, are liberty and repose. 
 They have conquered their liberty ; it is for us to secure their 
 repose ; and we cannot do so except by giving them a stable 
 and just government. It is vainly pretended that by agitating 
 these questions we overstep our rights. 1 would get rid of 
 that objection, if it were necessary, by referring to the law 
 which 1 have already invoked— that of imperious, invincible 
 necessity. In this state of things, taking^into consideration 
 the grave and pressing situation in which the country is placed, 
 the indispensable necessity which it experiences of changing 
 its precarious positions, and the universal wish expressed by 
 France to obtain the completion of,her institutions, I have th© 
 honour to propose the foliovying 
 
 Resolutions, 
 
 a i • 
 
 • The qhamber of deputies, taking into consideration^ 
 with a view to the public interests, the imperious necessity 
 which results from the events of the 26th, 27th, 28th, and 
 29th of July last, and the following days, and the general situa- 
 of France, declare, 1st., that the throne is vacant, and that it 
 is indispensably necessary to provide for that circumstance. 
 
 . "'The Chamber of Deputies declares, 2dly, that, accord- 
 ing to the wish and for the interest of the people of France^ 
 the preamble and following articles of the constitutional Char- 
 ter should be suppressed or modified in the manner here 
 
 pointed out.' " 
 
 M. Berryer then detailed the proposed suppressions or mo- 
 difications. Among the provisions were — the suppressions of 
 the article on the religion of the state — that the King is the 
 supreme chief of the state, he commands the forces by land 
 and sea, declares war, makes treaties of peace, of alliance, and 
 commerce, nominates to all the employments in the public ad- 
 ministration, and frames the regulations and ordinances neces- 
 sary for the execution of the laws, and for the safety of the 
 state, all under the responsibility of his ministers — laws of 
 impost to originate in the Chamber of Deputies — peers to sit 
 in their chamber and vote at twenty-five years of age — princes 
 
180 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 of the blood peers by right of birth— sittings of the Chambers 
 of Peers to be public — deputies to be elected for five years — 
 deputies and electors to be twenty-five years of age— the Presi- 
 dent of the Chamber of Deputies to be elected by the Cham- 
 ber, and continue in office while the Chamber lasts — no com- 
 mission or extraordinary tribunals to be created under any de- 
 nomination whatsoever — ^'' the King and his successors shall 
 swear, at their accession (instead of in the solemnity of their' 
 coronation) faithfully to observe the present Constitutional 
 Charter : the present Charter, and all the rights which it con- 
 secrates, will remain confided to the patriotism and courage of 
 the National Guards, and all citizens." 
 
 M. Berryer — " The Chamber of Deputies declares, 3dly, 
 that it is necessary to provide successively, by separate laws, 
 and with the shortest delay possible, — 
 
 '^ 1. For the extension of the trial by jury to correctionnel 
 offences, and particularly to those of the press ; 
 
 '' 2. For the responsibility of Ministers and the secondary 
 agents of power ; 
 
 '^ 3. For the re-elections of deputies raised to public offices ; 
 
 ^* 4. For the annual vote for the contingency of the army ; 
 
 "5. For the organization of the National Guard, v/ith the 
 intervention of the National Guards in the choice of their 
 officers ; _ 
 
 ^' 6. For a military code, establishing in a legal manner the 
 condition of officers of all ranks ; 
 
 ^^7. For the departmental and municipal administration, 
 with the intervention of citizens in their formation ; 
 
 '' 8. For public instruction and the liberty of teaching ; 
 
 ^' 9. For the abolition of the double]vote, and for the establish- 
 ment of electoral conditions, and eligibility. 
 
 '' And, besides, that all the nominations and new creations 
 of peers made during the reign of Charles X. be declared 
 null and. void." (Very w^arm marks of approbation on the left 
 and the centre left.) 
 
 '^ In consideration of these conditions being accepted, the 
 Chamber of Deputies finally declares that the universal and 
 pressing interest of the French people calls to the throne bis 
 Royal Highness Philip of Orleans, Duke of Orleans, Lieute- 
 nant-General of the Kingdom, and his descendants in perpe- 
 tuity, from male to male, in the order of primogeniture, to the 
 perpetual exclusion of females and their descendants. 
 
 *^ In consequence, his Royal Highness Louis Philip of Or- 
 leans, Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, shall be invited to 
 
KEYOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 1P1 
 
 accept and swear to the clauses and engagements above an- 
 nounced, to the observance of the Charter, and the modifica- 
 tions stated ; and, after having done so, take the title of King 
 of the French,^'' (Loud cheers.) 
 
 M. Ayde de Neuville. — Will the Chamber hear these pro- 
 positions discussed immediately ? 
 
 A voice on the right. — They completely overthrow the 
 Charter. 
 
 The Vice President. — At present nothing can be done but 
 to send these propositions to the bureaux. 
 
 M. Aug. Perrier was of opinion that the propositions 
 should be maturely considered. The committee appointed to 
 draw up the address would necessarily have to discuss a por- 
 tion of the fimdamental questions. It was unnecessary to da 
 any thing with precipitation. They could not forget the cele- 
 brated revolution of 1688, which gave to the Enghsh the same 
 benefit which the French nation was about to enjoy. The Eng- 
 lish parliament at that period, without forgetting the situation 
 in which it was placed, without snflTering itself to be led away 
 by honourable desires or laudable intentions, adopted the wisest 
 measures. He believed that, notwithstanding the prejudices 
 and the fears which he was astonished to see occasionally ex- 
 pressed in the public journals, the Chamber would not be 
 wanting, either to itself or to the people, and that, profiting by 
 victory without abusing it, it would answer the just expecta- 
 tions of the one party withoutjustifying the apprehensions of 
 the other. He proposed thafuie project just read should be 
 sent to the bureaux, and afterward submitted to the committee 
 for framing the address. 
 
 M. Eusebe Salverte thought that a special committee 
 should be appointed. 
 
 Mc Hyde de Neuville said, he abstained from speaking now, 
 because these important questions would be maturely exam- 
 ined in the bureaux. He therefore hoped that no one would 
 condemn him for his silence. 
 
 M. Mathieu Dumas, as a member of the address committee, 
 stated that the members of the committee had no idea that 
 they were to be charged with the consideration of such im- 
 portant propositions as those just submitted to the Chamber. 
 It was not the object of their appointment. He therefore 
 thought that a special committee should be appointed to con- 
 sider such important and salutary propositions. 
 
 M. Etienne wished a new committee to be appointed 
 instantly. 
 
182 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 M. Villemain. — The proceedings of this Chamber cannot 
 be in vain. You have appointed an address committee : 
 that committee is not charged with effecting merely a sort 
 of ceremonial. In a certain respect its functions are elevated 
 with the immensity of the circumstances in which we are 
 placed. I think, then, that it was called upon by its first nomi- 
 nation to discuss beforehand some of the questions included 
 in the propositions submitted to the Chamber. If the com- 
 mittee restricted itself to discussing only the questions which 
 were presented to us in the speech delivered in this place a few 
 days ago, what would result from it ? An incomplete labour, 
 worthy neither of the Chamber nor of the committee. The 
 hon. deputy then expressed a wish that a special committee for 
 the consideration of the propositions should be united with the 
 address committee. (** To the vote.") 
 
 M. Demarcay said it was proposed to preserve the Charter 
 with the modifications mentioned — (" Yesy yes^^) ; but it 
 would be necessary to make much more important modifications 
 still. The Charter contained dispositions which were adverse 
 to the French people, to their opinions, to their interests. 
 That consideration induced him strongly to oppose the propo- 
 sition which had been submitted. [Violent murmurs.) 
 
 Many voices — "Allow the spirit of the Charter to re- 
 main." 
 
 M. Demarcay. — I consent that conditions should be offered, 
 and that upon acceding to those conditions the Lieutenant- 
 General should be proclaimed King of the French ; but I can 
 never see retained in the Charter dispositions which are adverse 
 to the national wish and the interest of the country. 
 
 Several voices — "That is not the question." 
 
 After some farther discussion, the proposition of appointing 
 a special committee, to examine the articles presented by M. 
 Berryer, was carried by a great majority, composed of the left 
 and centre left, and a part of the centre right. The remainder 
 of the centre right and the extreme right did not vote one way 
 or the other. 
 
 The proposal for joining the two committees was carried by 
 a majority rather less numerous, fifteen or twenty of the 
 extreme left having voted against it. 
 
 The deputies then retired into the bureatix, and when they 
 returned, the Vice-President stated that the following members 
 had been nominated to the special committee : — M. Berfyer, 
 M. Perrier (Augustin), M. Ilumann, M. Benjamin Delessert, 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 183 
 
 M. Count de Sade, M. Count de Sebastiani, M. Bertin de 
 Veaux, M. Count de Bondy, and M. de Tracy. 
 
 On the motion of M. Keratry, the^ Chamber adjourned to 
 eight o'clock in the evening. 
 
 At tbe sitting in the evening, an%ssemblage of young men 
 \vent to the court, before the Chamber of Deputies, in order, 
 as they declared, to protest against the acknowledgment of aa - 
 hereditary peerage. They formed a double line, and, when a 
 deputy passed, saluted him with cries of '* Down with the here- 
 ditary peerage !" At the same time the whole group took off 
 their hats, and mingled with their cries, '* Long live the De- 
 puties !" " Honour to the Deputies !" The disorder increased, 
 and many orators appeared. Several groups were formed 
 
 xWithin the Chamber, in the space in front of the tribune. 
 
 ^^ M. Aug. Perrier entered, evidently agitated. He repeatedly 
 said to one of the groups, " You announced this yesterday, and 
 it is realized to-day. Let us propose the adjournment of every 
 deliberation until the mob disperse, and the tumult be ap- 
 peased." M. Benjamin Constant went to the outer door and 
 addressed the people. He said, " We . defended your rights, 
 and we v^ere in a minority. It is not necessary that now the 
 minority should oppress the only authority, although provisional, 
 which remains in existence." 
 
 M. Lafitte, the vice-president, took the chair. General La- 
 fayette conversed with him, and afterward went out upon the 
 steps and addressed the people. After bearing testimony to 
 their noble conduct, he said, " I am entitled to your attention, 
 because the opinions that have induced you to come here are 
 my own. I know how to support them, while I fear you may 
 fall into errors. Permit me, in addition to so many motives, 
 to require you to consider my personal feelings. I have en- 
 gaged my honour that no disturbance shall interrupt the pro- 
 ceedings of the Chamber. If the Deputies should be inter- 
 rupted, and any painful scenes pass at the doors, I shall be as 
 it were responsible. It is with me a point of honour, and I 
 place my honour under the protection of your friendship," This 
 had the desired effect, and the group dispersed, singing the 
 Marseillais hymn. 
 
 The Vice-President informed the Chamber that the two 
 Committees had examined M. Berryer's proposition, and 
 would report upon it at nine o'clock. In the mean time he 
 begged to inform them that M. Guizot, the Provisional Minister 
 for the Interior, had, by order of the Lieutenant-Genera], sent 
 
184 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 him a copy of the abdication of Charles X., and the Dauphin, 
 which he desired to be communicated to the Chamber. — (A 
 great number of voices—" We do not want it : it is an act of 
 no consequence.") 
 
 After some discussion respecting the act of abdication of 
 Charles X.,it was resolved to deposite it in the archives of the 
 Chamber, contrary to the opinion of some Members, who 
 would have passed to the order of the day, considering that 
 act as in itself a nullity. 
 
 On the motion of M. Bavoux, it was resolved that the thanks 
 of the Chamber should be given to the city of Paris, and that 
 the Lieutenant-General should be invited to provide for the 
 erection of a monument, worthy to transmit to posterity the 
 remembrance of the events which it will be destined to preserve. 
 — " To the City of Paris, the grateful country.'' 
 
 M. Dupin, Sen., Reporter of the Committee, said — " 1 
 obey your Committee, and the just impatience of the Chamber, 
 by presenting to you its report. I do not intend to add any 
 thing to the excellent reason so ably developed by the au- 
 thor of the proposal (namely, M. Berryer's proposal to revise 
 the Charter). I shall speak to you only of the modifications 
 made by the Committee on the proposal itself. The Com- 
 mittee has unanimously recognized the vacancy of the throne ; 
 but, at the same time that it recognises it as a fact, it has thought 
 it its duty to declare it as a right emanating from the legitimate 
 resistance of the people to the violation of its rights. For the 
 fifteen years we have been the victims of violation, sometimes 
 of the letter, and sometimes of the spirit of the Charter." 
 After mentioning alterations proposed by the Committee res- 
 pecting Religion, the Press, the Elections, the prohibition of 
 extraordinary tribunals, and other points suggested by M. 
 Berryer in his speech, M. Dupin conchided by saying — " The 
 74th article has undergone an important modification ; it is in 
 the presence of the Peers and the Deputies that the King at his 
 accession will swear to observe the laws confided to the patri- 
 otism of the National Guard. The article on the Chamber of 
 Peers has drawn our attention. That Chamber, the protector 
 of the laws, ceased to fulfil its duties on the creation of the 
 seventy-six new Peers : it seems to us that the Chamber of 
 Peers ought to annul those nominations. The last part of 
 the proposal has for its object to found a new establishment in 
 favour of a Noble Prince. This Prince is an honest man ; if 
 he swears the observance of the Charter, it will be a truth. 
 We act under the influence of a great necessity, and our deci- 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 185 
 
 sions will be bailed by tbe public gratitude. The Chamber of 
 Deputies, taking into consideration the urgency of the occa- 
 sion, and the events of the 2(3th, 27th, and 28th of July, de- 
 clares that the preamble of the Charter is suppressed, and 
 that the other articles may be modified as follows :"- — 
 
 M. Dupin then read the proposal, as amended by the Com- 
 mittee. 
 
 After some farther debate it was resolved to adjourn the 
 discussions till to-morrow. 
 
 On the praposition for calling the Duke of Orleans to the 
 throne, a French journal makes these judicious observa- 
 tions — 
 
 " It is said that the Chamber of Deputies are to offer lo the 
 Lieutenant-General the Crown of France, with the conditions 
 on which the country consents to nominate him their head. This 
 seems to us high and firm policy. Some persons dispute the 
 power of the Chamber. However, it is undoubted that this 
 Chamber, legally elected, represents the real opinion of the 
 electors ; and it is for the indirect i]e^enee of this principle 
 that we have struggled. We say to the dissentients, '' In the 
 danger of firing and balls did you see any leaders legally cho- 
 sen ? Did not each receive his mandate from his courage ? 
 Did he not act the best who defended the cause with the greatest 
 ardour and talent ?" 
 
 '' We have another danger at this moment. The friends of 
 the republic, men of pure and generous feeling, publicly call 
 upon their followers ; the partisans of a sinking power may 
 find recruits. One only mode, prompt, expeditious, of cut- 
 ting short the wild measures of the one and the intrigues of the 
 other is to choose a chief, and that him whom France demands. 
 Let our deputies propose the conditions ; let him sign them, 
 and let him be king ; legitimate power is that which com- 
 prises the state of the public mind, the urgencies of the 
 epoch, and will devote itself to satisfy them. The French 
 people have shown their greatness, and are too just to 
 reproach any authority for having usurped the right of saving 
 the state." 
 
 R 
 
186 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 SATURDAY, AUGUST 7. 
 
 To-day the sitting of t^ Chambers of Deputies was still 
 more important than the sitting of yesterday. 
 
 At eleven o'clock the President took the chair. 
 
 The Chamber of Peers, by a message, informed the Cham- 
 ber of Deputies that it was regularly formed by the elections of 
 its Officers. 
 
 The order of the day was the debate upon the articles pro- 
 posed yesterday. 
 
 M. de Conny. — In the terrible circumstances in which we 
 are placed, freedom of debate is more than ever a sacred law. 
 I came forward at the voice of my conscience ; silence would 
 be cowardice. Social order is shaken to its foundations. These 
 tumultuous commotions, which suddenly suspend the action of 
 the legitimate powers instituted to establish order in society, 
 are epochs of calamity which exercise upon the destiny of na- 
 tions the most fatal influence. Inexorable history, rising above 
 contemporary passions, will impress upon these lamentable 
 days the character which belongs to them, and the cry of hu- 
 man conscience is raised to consecrate this eternal truth — 
 force constitutes no right. In these times of trouble, liberty is 
 invoked ; but the expression of thought has ceased to be free. 
 Liberty is stifled by the sanguinary cries which carry alarm in 
 every direction. You will not suffer yourselves to be subju- 
 gated by the cries which resound around you. Statesmen, re- 
 main calm in the midst of perils, and when confused voices call 
 to France the son of Napoleon, invoke the republic, and pro- 
 claim the Duke of Orleans, unshaken in your duties, you will 
 remember your oaths, and acknowledge the sacred rights of 
 the royal infant, which, after so many misfortunes, Providence 
 has given to France. Think of the judgment of posterity — it 
 would be terrible. You would not wish that history should say 
 you were faithless to your oaths. The eyes of Europe are 
 upon us. We have too long exhibited to her a spectacle of 
 strange instability ; too long have we changed sides, as often 
 as victory changed colours. Brought back to truth by misfor- 
 tune, let us remain calm in the midst of so many turbulent pas- 
 sions, and let us bestow our respect and tears upon great and 
 royal misfortunes. By remaining faithful to our duties, I wish 
 to spare our country all the calamities and crimes consequent 
 UT^'^n usurpations. Viewing with an anxious mind the destiny 
 ^ perceive, gentlemen, the twofold scourge of civil 
 
REVOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1830. 187 
 
 and foreign war threatening our noble country; I perceive 
 liberty disappearing for ever ; I perceive French blood flowing, 
 and this blood would recoil upon our heads. The consider- 
 ation of the principle of legitimacy, of this principle established 
 by the Charter, can alone preserve our country from this fear- 
 ful destiny. All France is bound by oaths ; the army, ever 
 faithful, will bend their arms before the young king ; 1 call to 
 witness our national honour. Let us not exhibit to the world 
 the scandal of perjury. In the presence of the sacred rights of 
 the Due de Bourdeaux, the act which should raise the Duke of 
 Orleans to the throne would be a violation of all human laws. 
 As a deputy, remembering my oaths before God, who will 
 judge us, I have declared the whole truth. I should have for- 
 feited the esteem of my adversaries, if, in the perils which sur- 
 round us, I had remained silent. I declare the sentiments which 
 animate me in the face of heaven ; I would express them at the 
 cannon's mouth. If the principle of legitimacy be not recog- 
 nised by the Charter, I must declare that I have no right to par- 
 ticipate in the deliberations which are submitted to you. 
 
 M. Benjamin Constant said that, though there was still some 
 agitation among the people, it was not sufficient to excite any 
 alarm. Proceeding to thejquestion, he said, we want a prince, 
 of a different character from him whose acts hav^ been so de- 
 plorable and afflicting. I will not anticipate the discus^on, 
 but I cannot refrain from saying, that we want a citizen prince 
 who has fought in our ranks and worn our colours. Legiti- 
 macy, in its ordinary acceptation, can no longer be invoked ; 
 there is, in truth, no legitimacy but that which is derived from 
 the people and the laws. All Europe knows that we are re- 
 solved to be free. We have no hostility against any nation. 
 Proof of this will be found in the moderation we have displayed 
 after the victory. I abhor and abjure legitimacy, wljich has 
 dyed our streets with the blood of our citizens. 
 
 M. Hyde de Neuville. — I judge nobody. In politics, as in 
 religion, all consciences are not subject to the same influences. 
 Men seeking what is good may follow different directions. 
 Each of us follows his conscience : mine is my only guide. If 
 you do not partake of my sentiments, you will not refuse me 
 your esteem. I have done every thing which a Frenchman 
 could do to prevent the calamities which we have experienced. 
 {Assent.) I have been faithful to my oaths ; I have not be- 
 trayed that family which false friends have precipitated into an 
 abyss. {Cheers). I should contradict my life and dishonour 
 myself by changing my sentiments were I to assent to the pro- 
 
188 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 positions. With my hand upon my heart I cannot but reject 
 the dangerous sovereignty which the committee purposes to es- 
 tablish. The measure which you are going to take is very se- 
 rious, and ought to have been subjected to longer examination. 
 It seems to me that it would be dangerous to rest the future 
 lestinies of a great people on the impressions of a moment. 
 I have not received from heaven the power to arrest the thun- 
 derbolt. To the acts which are proposed to be consummated I 
 can but oppose my wishes. I shall put up very sincere prayers 
 for the repose and liberty of my country* 
 
 M. Alex, de Laborde. — Do you know, gentlemen, what 
 would be the consequence of recognising the legitimacy of the 
 Duke of Bordeaux ? It would be to subject the virtuous prince 
 whom we wish to place upon the throne, as well as his family, 
 to bow his head before that child whose presence would remind 
 us only of crimes and misfortunes. If you desire to attach your- 
 selves to an historical legitimacy, the prince, whom we are 
 anxious to seat upon the throne, descends more directly than 
 the fallen king from the monarch whose memory the people 
 cherish. 
 
 M. Lezardiere.— As deputy I have sworn fidelity to the king 
 and to the constitutional Charter ; and, having consulted my con- 
 science, I feel myself bound, together with every true French- 
 man, to pay a tribute of gratitude to the prince who- has con- 
 curred in maintaining tranquillity. I cannot go farther, and 
 change the order of succession ; for I foresee heavy clouds of 
 misfortune hanging over France if the Chamber changes this 
 order. 
 
 M. Eusebe Salverte, — I am sensible of the full extent of the 
 duties imposed upon me this day. They have been augmented 
 by existing circumstances, and I do not hesitate to incur all the 
 responsibility that may fall upon me from the votes T give. The 
 hon. deputy then came to the matter in question, which he 
 illustrated by referring to the course pursued by England in 
 1688. 
 
 M. Pas de Beaulieu.— The sacred law of my country teaclres 
 me that the Duke of Orleans is capable, beyond all others, of 
 restoring peace and happiness to France ; but I have not been 
 commissioned by my constituents to pronounce upon this ques- 
 tion. I therefore refrain. 
 
 M. Anisson du Pevron. — The arrondissement I represent 
 is desirous of a monarchy purely constitutional. The gift is 
 indeed valuable, but our now king will make us a more valu- 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 189 
 
 able return ; he will present to us peace and liberty, which are 
 not less difficult to preserve than to gain. 
 
 M. Arthur; de la Bourdonnaie. — More than any other I 
 mourn the broken social compact, but this is not a reason that, 
 its fragments should be trampled under our feet. If it is to be 
 reformed or modified, it can only be done by the three powers 
 united. (Interruption.) If the discussion is to be conducted 
 in this manner, the Chamber will not be astonished at our 
 silence, and remaining immoveable upon our seats. (Several 
 voices — Be it as you please.) 
 
 M. Letou. — I have been, gentlemen, as well as yourselves, 
 attached to the dynasty ; but I was fvir from imagining that in- 
 famous ministers were silently plotting the ruin of our liberties, 
 and preparing against us lists of proscriptions. We have ar- 
 rived at the point, where we at this moment find ourselves, 
 through seas of blood, which have overwhelmed legitimacy. 
 
 M. Berryer. — I am as sincerely attached as any man can be 
 to our public liberties. I am as fully inspired with the love of 
 my coujitry. I equally feel the want of repose and security for 
 all. I think, nevertheless, that the proposition, as settled by the 
 report, should be divided. I admit that modifications are ne- 
 cessary, but as to the exercise of supreme powers, I have re- 
 ferred to my conscience, and I cannot believe T am warranted 
 i» voting that the throne is vacant both in fact and law, and 
 in usurping the right of electing a new King for France. I, 
 therefore, feel it my duty to abstain. 
 
 M. Villemain.— Montesquieu has said, *- During a frightful 
 calm all combine against the power that violates the laws." 
 With us, it was not a frightful calm that followed the irrevoca- 
 ble deed which hurled the King from his throne. Public au- 
 thority was broken to pieces by the thunders of the people's 
 wrath. The necessity of restoring public order calls to 
 the throne the Prince Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom. 
 Let a public act proclaim our independence, and stipulating 
 guarantees for the stability of order, and protecting it against 
 all vengeance or reaction, be at once prepared. It is thus 
 that the throne may be nobly and securely offered to the Duke 
 of Orleans. 
 
 The President then read the first paragraph of the Report. 
 
 M. Podemos proposed the following amendment :~*'^The 
 throne is vacant in consequence of the violation of the Charter 
 and the laws." He drew a striking picture of the events 
 which led to the fall of the ex-King, who, he said, was the 
 
 R2 
 
190 ANNALS OF TIIIE 
 
 worthy heir of Charles the IXth's ferocity, and had not tlie 
 courage to show himself in the hour of danger. 
 
 M. de Martignac. — 1 feel compelled to raise, in behalf of a 
 family plunged in misfortune, a voice which forbade it to go 
 to the height of its power. I could not hear, without deep 
 sorrow, the words that fell from the last speaker. Ah 1 gen- 
 tlemen, I, who knew this prince intimately, cannot hear him 
 accused of ferocity without indignation. (Cheers from the 
 right.) No, gentlemen, this man was not ferocious — he was 
 deceived. (Ah! ah!) It was not his heart which dictated 
 the infamous ordinances. They were the work of those per- 
 fidious counsellors whom I abandon to you. Let not your in- 
 dignation be raised against him. Ahl believe me, gentlemen, 
 believe me, who have lived in close intercourse with him, 
 that the love of his country animated his heart. (Miirmurs 
 from the extreme left.) lam not astonished at the truly heroic 
 resistance which has been provoked by these infamous ordi- 
 nances ; for I do not hesitate to call them so : but I ask again, 
 after power is humbled, why utter words which will give addi- 
 tional pangs to a heart already crushed by misfortune ? I do 
 not know, gentlemen, whether I have followed the rules of pru- 
 dence and moderation~(Oh ! Oh!) — It was my heart that 
 spoke. 
 
 M. Bernard. — You have applauded what has been said by 
 M. de Martignac ; in France, the defence of misfortune will 
 always be heard with favour. But, on the other hand, we 
 could not with indifference hear it stated that the heart of 
 Charles glowed with the sacred fire of love for his country. 
 The sceptre in his hand was the sign of proteciion ; and he 
 broke it in pieces upon his people. ]\o ! he never cherished 
 the love of his country. (Loud cheers.) 
 
 M. Alexis de Noailles. — I support what M. Martignac has 
 said, and will mention one fact. When it was proposed to 
 revoke the ordinances which had been the cause of the car- 
 nage, you all know, gentlemen, who replied, and took the 
 results upon himself; it was not the sovereign—it was the 
 Minister. — (Numerous voices — ^' Oh, oh ! what a subter- 
 fuge !") 
 
 The first paragraph of the report was adopted. It runs 
 thus : — ^* The Chamber of Deputies, taking into consideration 
 the imperious necessity which results from the events of July 
 26, 27, 28, and 29, and regarding the situation in which 
 France is placed at the end of the violation of the constitu- 
 tional charter ; — ^^nsidering, besides, that in consequence of 
 
l?EVOLUriON IN FRANCE, 1830. 191 
 
 this violation, and the heroic resistance of the citizens of Paris, 
 his Majesty King Charles X., Louis Antoine his son, and all 
 the members of the eldest branch of the Bourbons, are leaving 
 the territory, — declare that the throne is vacant in fact and in 
 law {en fait et en droit), and that it is indispensably necessary 
 that it should be provided for." 
 
 M. Persil proposed, by way of amendment, to declare that 
 " The sovereignty belongs to the nation : it is inalienable and 
 imprescriptable.*' 
 
 The President observed that this provision was comprised 
 in this paragraph : — " The Chamber of Deputies declares that, 
 according to the wish and in the interest of the French people, 
 the preamble of the constitutional charter is suppressed, as inju- 
 rious to the national dignity, by appearing to grant to the 
 French people rights which essentially belong to them." 
 
 The article concerning the support of the ministers of the Ca- 
 tholic religion was then discitssed. 
 
 M. Viennet. — In the number of Frenchmen are included 
 150,000 Israelites, citizens like ourselves; like us they render 
 homage to the Sovereign, and defend their country and liberty ; 
 it is an odious prejudice which excludes them. 1 therefore de- 
 mand that ihe article be thus amended: — ^' The ministers of 
 every form of worship,negally recognized, shall be supported 
 by the public treasure." 
 
 A warm conversation ensued. An amendment by M. Mar- 
 schall was adopted, which renders the article as follows : — 
 " The ministers of the Catholic Apostolic and Roman Reli- 
 gion, professed by the majority of Frenchmen, together with 
 those of other Christian doctrines, shall be supported at the 
 public expense." 
 
 The article relating to the press was voted unanimously, 
 with the following amendment :— -" Frenchmen have the right 
 of publishing and printing their opinions, in conformity to the 
 laws. The censorship shall never be re-established." 
 
 On the article regulating the royal prerogative, M. Jacquemi- 
 not proposed the following addition, which was immediately 
 adopted by acclamation : — ** Nevertheless, no foreign troops 
 can ever b,e admitted into the service of the state without an 
 express law." 
 
 M. Devaux proposed an amendment to submit treaties of 
 peace and declarations of war to the two Chambers. This was 
 rejected. 
 
 M, Jacqueminot proposed that from the article declaring that 
 " the legislative power is collectively exercised by the King, 
 
192 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 the Chamber of Peers, and the Chamber of Deputies of De- 
 partments," the words " of Departments" be omitted, which 
 amendment was carried. 
 
 Other articles were discussed and agreed to. By an article 
 of the commission — " No deputy can be admitted into the 
 Chamber who is not of the age of thirty, and uniting qualifi- 
 tiations required by the law." M. Villemain pressed to fix the 
 age of eligibility at twenty-five, which amendment, after a brief 
 discussion, was rejected ; as w^s also another, by M. de la 
 Rochefoucauld, for loweriiigJJie qualification. 
 
 Several succeeding articles were agreed to without discus- 
 sion. 
 
 The article of the commission, " That the King and his suc- 
 cessors shall in future swear, in the presence of the assembled 
 Chambers, to observe faithfully the present constitutional Char- 
 ter," was carried without discussion. 
 
 Another article of the commission—" The present Charter, 
 and all the rights which it consecrates, remain confided to the 
 patriotism and courage of the National Guard and all the citi- 
 zens of France," was adopted with acclamation. 
 
 Special provisions proposed by the commission remained to 
 be considered next, viz. 
 
 '< All the creations of peers during the reign of Charles X, 
 are declared null and void. 
 
 " And in order to prevent the recurrence of the abuses which 
 have destroyed the principle of the estabhshment of the peer- 
 age, the article (27 of the commission) which gives to the King 
 an unlimited faculty of creating peers shall be submitted t6 a 
 revision in the course of the session of 1831." 
 
 M. Berard required that the right of provision should be full 
 and unrestrained, so that not only the recurrence of the abuses 
 complained of might be rendered impossible, but that the here- 
 ditary principle might be submitted to examination. 
 
 General Lafayette then mounted the tribune, and a profound 
 silence prevailed. He said, " On ascending this tribune, at this 
 solemn juncture, I do not yield to any momentary excitement. 
 I will not seek here a popularity which I shall never prefer to my 
 duties. (Cheers.) The republican sentiments which I have 
 manifested in all times and under all powers are well known ; 
 but these sentiments do not prevent me from being the defender 
 of a constitutional throne, raised by the will of the nation. 
 The same sentiments animate me under the present circum- 
 stances, in which it is judged fitting to elevate to the constitu- 
 tional throne the Prince Lieutenant-General ; and I am bound 
 
REVOLUTION IN FEANCI}, 1830. 19S 
 
 to avow that the choice coincides with my own desires, the 
 more in proportion as I know him more. (Cheers!) I do 
 not share the opinion of many of my fellow-citizens with re- 
 spect to hereditary Peerage. (Hear, hear.) I have always 
 thought it was necessary that legislative bodies should be di- 
 vided into two chambers differently constituted ; but I never 
 thought it useful to create hereditary legislators, who are in 
 certain cases judges. I have always thought that the intro- 
 duction of aristocracy into a public institution was a bad ingre- 
 dient. It is, therefore, with great pleasure that 1 find you 
 engaged in a measure conformable to sentiments which I have 
 all my life declared, and which I qan now only repeat. My 
 conscience forces me to repeat this opinion, and it is with 
 pleasure that I hope shortly to see the hereditary peerage sup- 
 pressed. My fellow-citizens will do me the justice to acknow- 
 ledge that, if I have always been the supporter of liberty, I 
 have always been the supporter of public order. (Loud cheers.) 
 
 M. Berry er. — Two questions occupy the Chamber at this 
 moment — the proposition of M. Berard, and the'* amendment 
 proposed against the hereditary peerage. With regard to the- 
 amendment, I oppose the method already adopted by you. I 
 demand the previous question. It is not the time to discuss 
 the question of the peerage ; but we must not lose sight of 
 M. Berard's proposition. As to the question of inheritance, it 
 is not possible to pronounce the annulling of the acts done by 
 virtue of the laws and the Constitutional Charter. 
 
 M. Peton voted for the amendment, and urged the necessity 
 of putting an end to the agitation which prevailed in Paris. 
 
 M. A. Labourdonnaie. — You insult Paris. 
 
 M. Peton. — I know Paris and its wishes better than you for 
 these six years. I contend for legality, and you— if my ef- 
 forts had been crowned with success, Charles X. would stilt 
 be upon the throne. 
 
 M. Sebastiani seconded the amendment. 
 
 M. Berryer still opposed it, and contended that to the King 
 alone belonged the right of creating or deposing peers. 
 
 M. Bernard. — The gentleman who spoke last seems to have 
 mistaken the atmosphere of the Chamber. Tke throne has 
 been overthrown. Legitimacy no longer exists. As to he- 
 reditary peerage, we are not sufliciently prepared for the dis- 
 cussion. I propose to replace the article and the amendment 
 by the following :■ — 
 
 " Article 27 of the Charter (on the King's right to create 
 peers) shall be the subject of a fresh examination in the session 
 of 1831," 
 
194 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 M. B. Constant seconded the amendment, and it was adopted. 
 
 The first paragraph, nullifying the Peers of Charles X., was 
 adopted. 
 
 M. de Brigode propoied the following additional article: 
 '* The Judges shall receive a new institution before January 
 1st, 1831" (much agitation). 
 
 M. Guetan de la Rochefoucald required that they should npt 
 confound the appointments made during the ministry of M. 
 Portalis, with those made by M. de Polignac, and moved the 
 previous question. 
 
 M. Benjamin Constant opposed the previous question ; and 
 required that M. Brigode should be heard. 
 
 The President read the following amendment proposed by M^ 
 Manguin ;— '' The present Magistrates shall cease their func- 
 tions in six months from the present time, if before that period 
 they do not receive new appointments" [on the left supported]. 
 
 M. de Brigode. — The irremoveabiiity of the Magistracy 
 ought not to be separated from the hereditary right of the 
 Crown— the former is a necessary result of the latter ; but, if 
 there shall be a change in the race, there is a rupture of all 
 legitimacies. It was in virtue of this principle that at the 
 restoration (of Louis XYIII.) a new appointment of Judges 
 took place. At present the circumstances are identical : and 
 let it be remarked that there will be no inconvenience from the 
 proposition we make ; for the present judges will continue to 
 dispense justice till a decision is come to with respect to them ; 
 but the character of irremoveabiiity cannot be given to them but 
 by the new King of the French. 
 
 M. Dupin (Senior). — When we are endeavouring to settle 
 France, and desire to avoid every political shock, it would, in 
 my opinion, be very imprudent to meddle with the institution 
 of the magistracy — the only organized body that we possess 
 at this moment. I do not deny that among them may be found 
 some improper selections, and that often they have desired to 
 connect themselves with party excesses by a melancholy exer- 
 cise of power. I know, too, that every one of the Govern- 
 ments which have succeeded each other in France has wished 
 to make itself master of the judicial influence by its own ap- 
 pointments ; but it is necessary that our conduct at present 
 should be different from what it was at former periods on this 
 point as on many others. Our object is to put an end to a 
 troublesome agitation ; do not let us make it more troublesome. 
 I could conceive that we should run the risk, if there was any 
 urgent necessity for this measure; but let us make good ap- 
 pointments in the law officers of the Crown ; let us suppress 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 195 
 
 the juges-auditeurs ; let us fill up with discernment existing 
 vacancies, and those which may arise, and we shall have suffi- 
 cient guarantees, v/ith the immense advantage of giving to the 
 present change the particular characteristic that it in no wise 
 resembles a reaction. You may, moreover, reckon on the in- 
 fluence of the atmosphere which surrounds the Magistracy ; 
 and which has, in itself, I know not what sort of magic, that 
 gives to them the inspiration of justice. Above all, remember, 
 if there are some men so base as to do evil when they are 
 commanded, they will be much more ready to do good when 
 it is required of them. 
 
 M. Eusebe Salverte proposed to submit to a new appoint- 
 ment the Magistrates appointed during the reign of Charles X. 
 Gentlemen, he said, since you have meddled with the Peerage, 
 you can also change the Magistracy, and never was a wiser 
 measure. We have seen the Courts condemn the public pa- 
 pers for having calumniated^ the Ministers, in attributing to 
 them the project of committing Coups d'Etat ; and you are 
 sensible whether they could or not be calumniated, while the 
 same Courts were acquitting or sentencing to trifling punish- 
 ments the men who, every day, endeavoured to bring about a 
 counter Revolution. You have been told that there are among 
 the Judges honourable men — let them remain. You have 
 been made to fear that you may stop the administration of jus- 
 tice ; but remember that we have arrived nearly at the holydays, 
 that never were the circumstances more favourable to effect a 
 reform without causing a shock, 
 
 M. Villemain. — If it were necessary to add any thing to 
 what has been said by an eloquent representative of the judi- 
 cial defence, I might observe that when the Magistrates know 
 that they are only indebted for the continuance of their offices 
 to an effort that we make against ourselves, and only for the 
 sake of stability, the necessity of which we all feel, they will 
 only be the more disposed to proceed with the present move- 
 ment ; and the effect at which you wish to arrive will be pro- 
 duced by the words which have been pronounced at the Tri- 
 bune. In 1815 that was demanded which you now demand, 
 and then some generous voices were raised against the mea- 
 sure ; those voices which defended fallen royalty and liberty 
 which will not fall. It is this irremoveability which is strength 
 to the weak, and renders the selections that are objectionable 
 excellent ; and it is the less contrary to the pi^esent order of 
 things, inasmuch as the courts have nothing to do with politics. 
 (Dissent.) At least, they ought not to have, and they will 
 
] 96 ^ ANNALS OF THE 
 
 henceforward not have, beqau^e you are about to assign to a 
 jury the power of judging the crimes of the Press. This irre- 
 moveabihty has ah'eady produced good fruit. In the midst of 
 many lamentable decisions, have you not known the Cottfs 
 Royales^ when other authorities were silent, declare that to 
 suppose in the Ministers the intention of being guilty of coups 
 d'etat was to suppose in tlieni monstrous and criminal projects, 
 and to designate them as capable of committing crimes. If 
 the Judges had been provisional, do you suppose that they 
 would have decided with so much vigour ? Above all, do not 
 forget that in England it was irremoveable. Judges who dared 
 to refuse illegal taxes to Cromw^ell as well as to Charles II. 
 Do not proclaim, I beg of you, the abolition of the conservative 
 principle. (Several voices, ^^ Never, Never.") 
 
 M. Manguin. — Gentlemen, when you are engaged in such 
 important business as that now before you, you ought not to 
 decide by any considerations derived from sentiments, 
 
 M. de Villemain (warmly). — These are not considerations 
 derived from sentiments, but from justice. 
 
 The President. — You ought not to interrupt. 
 
 M. de Manguin.— -You are, gentlemen— do not forget it — 
 you are the product of a Revolution, and you organize a Re- 
 volution. Will you establish on the one hand, and leave on 
 the other the germs of destruction ? The principle ought to 
 be followed oiit in all its consequences. A fortnight ago you 
 were under the empire of Legitimacy, and of Divine Right. 
 Now you are acting in virtue of, and under the influence of 
 the principle of National Sovereignty. When you place it on ' 
 the summit, do not leave at the base the consequences of a 
 hostile principle. (Lively sensation.) Do you think that 
 those who have been appointed under the Empire of Divine 
 Right, and the Congregation, will aid us in sustaining the prin* 
 eiple of National Sovereignty ? When a Revolution has been 
 effected in the highest parts, it ought to go through all the sub- 
 ordinate ranks. (Murmurs in the centre. — M. Manguin re- 
 peated the phrase without being affected, and in the midst of 
 applause from the left side). What is this irremoveability ? It 
 is the certainty of not being dismissed as long as the principle 
 of Government lasts under which the appointment is made. 
 Charles X. could only promise irremoveability as long as his 
 race was on the throne. The irremoveability instituted by the 
 Charter of Louis XVIIL could only last as long as that Char- 
 ter. The irremoveability ceases since the Charter is overthrown. 
 (Many voices: '^No, nol") In the name of God, gentle- 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 197 
 
 men, let us not dispute about words — compare — look at the 
 changes, and say if the Charter of Louis XVIII. still exists. 
 In 1814 every thing was renewed in the Magistracy. (Dis- 
 sent.) The Judges were appointed for a fixed period, and 
 they were refused the royal sanction before the expiration of 
 that period. You are told to be aware of giving yourselves up 
 to a movement of reaction ; but I ask, when the force ap- 
 plied has been so violent, is not reaction a matter of right ? 
 Are you ignorant what the courts have dared to undertake? 
 Learn, then, gentlemen, that eight days ago, in consequence 
 of an extraordinary decree of the Cour Royale at Caen, which 
 declared the form of oath of 1815 obligatory — that is to say, 
 declared the necessity of acknowledging Ordinances and regu- 
 lations — that one of your colleagues, M. Mercier, President of 
 the Tribunal de Commerce of xllengon, was obliged to appear 
 before the Court of Correctional Police, because he would not 
 adopt that form of oath. (Agitation.) You have been told 
 with confidence of that atmosphere of justice which surrodndi 
 the magistrates. He who told you of this has no doubt expe- 
 rienced its effects ; but I must say that his situation is very 
 different from mine, for I must say that, even in civil causes^ 
 political opinions have exercised a considerable influence. 
 (Sudden interruption.) 
 
 M. Dupin signified dissent. A member near him cried out, 
 with a loud voice, '* At Paris it is possible that it may not be so, 
 but nothing is more true in the provinces." 
 
 M. Madier de Montjau. — It is not only the irremovability of 
 the Magistrates which is attacked, but the regulation of the 
 Magistrates of France ; they are calumniated (murmurs) — 
 they are unintentionally calumniated. (Murmurs redoubled.) 
 M. Madier de Montjau, in the midst of interruptions and con- 
 versation among the Deputies, terminated his discourse by 
 strongly opposing the amendment. 
 
 The amendment of M. Brigode was rejected by a majority 
 composed of a small compact number who sat on the right, 
 and of members in the two centres. It was supported by forty 
 members on the left side. 
 
 The amendment of M. Eusebe Salverte, to submit to new 
 appointments the Magistrates appointed under Charles X., 
 was rejected by the same majority. 
 
 The Chamber of Deputies declared and resolved, thirdly, 
 that it was necessary to provide successively by separate laws, 
 and in the shortest method possible, for several very important 
 objects. (These are set forth at the end of the Declara- 
 
 S 
 
198 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 tion of Rights presented by the Chamber to the Duke of Or- 
 leans.) 
 
 M. de Padenas proposed to apply the jury to political of- 
 fences as well as the offences of the press. — Adopted. 
 
 M. E. Salverte proposed that all laws and ordinances con- 
 trary to the reformation of the Charter be null and void." — 
 Adopted. 
 
 The President read as follows : — '' Upon condition of ac- 
 cepting these dispositions and propositions, the Chamber of De- 
 puties declares that the universal and pressing interest of the 
 French people calls to the throne His Royal Highness Louis 
 Philippe d'Orleans, Due d'Orleans, Lieutenant>General of 
 the Kingdom, and his d6>soendants in perpetuity, from male to 
 male in the order of primogeniture, to the perpetual exclusion 
 of the female branches and their descendants." 
 
 The President proposed to vote by ballot on the whole pf 
 the report, and that it should be presented to His Royal High- 
 ness, not by a deputation, but their whole Chamber in a body. 
 
 M. Etienne moved, and the Chamber decided, ^' That no 
 address should, be carried up in answer to the speech of the 
 Duke of Orleans, as the declaration they were about to present 
 would be the best address that could be offered to him." 
 
 M. Dupin, Sen., proposed, '^France resumes her colours. 
 In future no other cockade shall be worn but the tri-coloured 
 one."-— Adopted with acclamations. 
 
 The Chamber then proceeded to the ballot upon the whole 
 of the articles previously agreed to, and forming the Declara- 
 tion. 
 
 . The result of the scrutiny : — Number of voters, 2b2 ; white 
 balls, 219 ; black balls, 33.— ^Majority, 186. 
 
 M, Le President. — -The Chamber is now going immediately 
 on foot to convey this message ; we shall be accompanied by 
 the brave National Guard. To go in order, I beg the Deputies 
 to walk four and four abreast. There v;ill be no sitting tOr 
 morrow (Sunday). On Alonday, a^t noon, a public sitting. 
 
 The Chamber of Peers had met at two o'clock, and, after 
 routine business, adjourned till nine o'clock in the evening. 
 There were then 114 Peers present, and the Chamber received 
 a communication of the Declaration of Rights adoptied by the 
 Chamber of Deputies. Several Peers briefly remarked upon it, 
 and M. de Chateaubriand delivered a remarkable speech. 
 
 M. de Chateaubriand. — " The declaration brought to this 
 Chamber is much less complicated with respect to me than to 
 
HEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 199 
 
 those who profess an opinion different from mine. One fact 
 in the declaration predominates in my eyes over every other, 
 or rather supersedes them. Were we under a regular order of 
 things, I should doubtless carefully examine the changes pro- 
 posed in the Charter. Many of these changes have been pro- 
 posed by myself. I am, however, astonished that the reac- 
 tionary measures respecting the Peers created by Charles X* 
 should be proposed to this Chamber. 1 cannot be suspected of 
 any liking for these hatches, and you know that I combated 
 even the menace of them : but to render us the judges of our 
 colleagues, — to erase from the list of Peers whom we please, 
 whenever we happen to be the stronger party, — too much re- 
 sembles a proscription. Is it wished to suppress the peerage ? 
 So be it. Better lose life than beg for it. I re{)roach myself 
 for these few words on a point which, important as it is, disap- 
 pears amid the greatness of the event. France is without a 
 guide, and I am called upon to consider what ought to be added 
 to or taken from the masts of a vessel which has lost its helm. 
 I lay aside, then, every thing which is of a secondary interest 
 in the declaration of the elective chamber, and fixing on the 
 single fact announced, the vacancy of the throne, 1 advance 
 straight to the object. 
 
 *' A previous question ought to be discussed : if the throne 
 be vacant, we are free to choose the form of our government. 
 Before offering the crown to any individaal, it is proper to as- 
 certain into what kind of political order we should constitute 
 the social order. Shall we establish a republic or a new 
 monarchy ? 
 
 " Does a republic or a new monarchy offer France sufficient 
 guarantees for durability, strength, and tranquillity ? A republic 
 would, in the first place, raise against it the recollections of the 
 republic. These recollections are not effaced. The time is 
 not yet forgotten when death walked between liberty and 
 equality, supported by their arms. When you are plunged into 
 a new anarchy, can you reanimate on his rock the Hercules 
 who was alone capable of strangling the monster ? Of these 
 lofty characters history contains some five or six : in another 
 thousand years your posterity may see another Napoleon ; — you 
 must not expect it. 
 
 " In the existing state of our manners, and in our relations 
 with surrounding states, a republic does not appear to me prac- 
 ticable. The first difficulty is to bring Frenchmen to a unani- 
 mous vote upon the subject. What right has the population 
 of Paris to constrain the population of Marseilles, or of any 
 
200 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 ©ther place^ to adopt a republic ? Is there to be a single re^ 
 public, or are we to have twenty or thirty republics ? Are 
 they to be federative or independent? Suppose we have a 
 single republic, do you imagine that a president, let him be 
 ever so grave, respectable, or able, would be a year at the 
 head of affairs without wishing to retire ? Ill-protected by the 
 laws, insulted hourly by secret rivals and by factious agents, 
 he would possess neither the dignity requisite to treat with fo- 
 reign governments, nor the power necessary to the maintenance- 
 of internal order. 
 
 " J pass to a monarchy. A king named by the Chambers, 
 or elected by the people, will always be a novelty. Suppose 
 the object sought be liberty, — the liberty of the press ; every 
 new monarchy will be forced, sooner or later, to gag this liberty. 
 Could Napoleon himself admit it ? Offspring of our misfor- 
 tunes, and the slave of our glory, the liberty of the press lives- 
 in surety only under a g()vernment whose roots are deeply 
 fixed. Will a monarchy which has been the bastard of a san- 
 guinary night have nothing to dread from the independence of 
 the opinions of the press ? If one can preach up a republic, 
 and another some other system, do you not fear to be soon 
 obliged to have recourse to laws of exception, in spite of the 
 eight words expun^jed from the eighth article of the Charter ? 
 Then, O friends of regulated liberty, what will you have gained 
 by your proposed change ? You will sink of necessity into a 
 republic, or into legal slavery. The monarchy will be over- 
 whelmed and swept away by the torrent of democratical laws,, 
 or the monarch by the operation of factions. 
 
 " I exhibit to you only some of the inconveniences attending 
 the formation of a republic or of a new monarchy. If either 
 has its perils, there remains a third course. 
 
 " There never was a more just and a more heroic existence 
 than that of the people of Paris. They did not rise against tho; 
 law, but in support of the law. So long as the social compact 
 remained inviolate, the people were patient. But when a con- 
 spiracy of fools and hypocrites was suddenly revealed, when the 
 terror of the chateau, organized by eunuchs, was to replace the 
 terror of the republic and the iron yoke of the empire, then the 
 people exerted their understanding and their courage ; and it 
 was found that these shopkeepers could breathe the smoke of 
 gunpowder, and it required more than five soldiers and a cor- 
 poral to remove them. A century could not so have matured 
 the destinies of .a people, as the tbr^Q last su^s- wbi<?!j to^^ 
 &hone upon France,, 
 
 \ 
 
RtJVOLtJTIcm IN FKANCE, 1830. ^01 
 
 " Chatles X. and his son are dethroned, or have abdicated, 
 as you please ; but the throne is not vacant. After them comes 
 a child. Is his innocence to be condemned ? What blood 
 now cries out against him ? Will you dare to say it is that of 
 his father ? This tender orphan, educated in the schools of his 
 country — in the love of constitutional government, and in the 
 ideas of the age — might have become a king in relation with 
 the wants of futurity. It is to the guardian of his minority that 
 the oath you are about to vote upon should be sworn. The 
 present, the actual King, should be the Duke of Orleans, Re- 
 gent of the Kingdom. 
 
 '' It is through no sentimental devotion, or nursery affection 
 transmitted from the cradle of St. Louis to that of the young 
 Henry, that I plead this cause* I am no believer in the creed 
 of the right divine of Royalty ; I believe in the power of revo- 
 lutions and of facts. I do not even invoke the Charter ; I take 
 my ideas from a higher source ; I draw them from the philo- 
 sophical sphere — from the epoch when my life expires. I pro 
 pose the Duke of Bourdeaux solely as a necessity for a better 
 alloy than that on which we are arguing, 
 
 '* I know that by removing this infant the object is to esta- 
 blish the principle of the sovereignty of the people, that con- 
 temptible nonsense of the old school, which proves that in re- 
 spect to politics, our old democrats have not made more pro- 
 gress than the veterans of royalty. No where is there absolute 
 sovereignty ; liberty does not flow from political right, as was 
 supposed in the 18th century ; it springs from natural right, 
 and therefore exists under all forms of government : so that a 
 monarcliy may be free, and much more free than a republic. 
 But this is neither the time nor the place for a course of politics. 
 " I shall content myself with observing that, when the peo- 
 ple dispose of thrones,^ they also often dispose of their liberty. 
 The principle of hereditary monarchy, absurd as it is at first 
 sight, has been recognised in practice as preferable to the 
 principle of elective monarchy. The reason is so palpable that 
 1 need not explain it. You choose a king to-day. What will 
 prevent you from choosing one to-morrow ? The law, you 
 will say — the law! Ahl but you are the makers of the law I 
 There is still a plainer way of putting the question. We will 
 no longer have the elder branch of the Bourbons. But why? 
 Because we are victorious : we have triumphed in a just and 
 sacred causCy and we exercise a double right of conquest* 
 Well, you proclaim the sovereignty of force. Then take good' 
 eare of that force 5 for if it escape from you in a few monthsh 
 
you will have no right to complain. But, tlioiigH X Wei*e te* 
 stir the dust of thirty-five Capets, I could not draw an argu- 
 ment from it which would be listened to. The idolatry of a' 
 name is abolished. The monarchy is no longer a religion ; 
 but it is a political form preferable at this moment to every 
 other, because it best introduces order into liberty. An unsuc- 
 cessful Cassandra, I have sufficiently fatigued the throne and 
 the peerage with my disdained advice. I can now only sit 
 down on the ruins of a shipwreck which I have so often fore- 
 told. I give to misfortune every sort of power except that of 
 releasing me from my oaths of fidelity. I am bound also to 
 make my life consistent. After all that I have done, said, and 
 written for tiie Bourbons, I should be the basest of wretches if 
 I renounced them at the very moment when they are for the 
 third and last time going into exile. 
 
 " Fear I leave to those generous Royalists who have never 
 sacrificed a farthing or a place to their loyalty, — to those 
 champions of the throne and the altar who lately called me 
 renegade, apostate, and revolutionist. Pious libellers, the 
 renegade appeals to you ! Cqme and join me, just to stammer 
 out a word, a single word, for the unfortunate master who 
 loaded you with favours, and whom you hnve undone. Insti- 
 tutors of coups d'etat, preachers of the royal constituent power, 
 where are you now? Your present silence is worthy of your 
 past language. What ! those Preux Chevaliers whose medi- 
 tated exploits have made the descendants of Henry IV. be 
 driven away with pitchforks, now tremble crouching under the 
 tri-coloured cockade ! This is quite natural. The noble co- 
 lours with which they decorate themselves protect their per- 
 sons, but do not conceal their infamy. 
 
 ''- In thus frankly expressing my apinion, I do not conceive 
 that I am performing an act of heroism. Weliave nothing to 
 fear from a people whose judgment and courage are equal, nor 
 from the generous youth whom I admire, with whom 1 sympa- 
 thize with all my soul, and to whom, as to my countFy, I wish 
 honour, glory, and liberty. Had 1 the right to dispose of a 
 crown, I would willingly lay it at the feet of the Duke of 
 Orleans. But I see no vacancy, except that of a tomb at St. 
 Denis, and not a throne. Whatever destiny may await the 
 Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, 1 shall never be his enemy^ 
 if he makes my country happy. I ask only to retain the liberty 
 of my conscience, and the right of going to die wherever I 
 may find independence and repose. I vot^ against the deck- 
 ration." 
 
KEVoxtTTidN IN fhanoje, 183X). 203 
 
 This speech of M. de Chateaubriand, especially his sarcastic 
 invective, produced a great sensation. His chivalrous devotion 
 to the justly excluded line was poetical — his logic amusing. 
 
 The Chamber adopted all the articles of the Declaration of 
 Rights, except that whi<ih declared the creations of Peers by 
 Charles X. n-oll and void. This question the Chamber left to 
 the decision of the Lieutenant-General. Upon the ballot 
 there were eighty Peers, for the Declaration, and ten against 
 it. A grand Deputation was appointed to carry it up to the 
 Duke of Orleans, and at ten o'clock the Chamber went to the 
 Palais Royal for that purpose. 
 
 In the mean timethe Chamber of Deputies proceeded to the 
 Palais Royal, attended by the National Guards. The Duke, 
 surrounded by his family, received them. M. Lafitte having 
 read to his Royal Highness the act of the Constitution, the 
 Duke replied in the following terms :— 
 
 " I receive with deep emotion the declaration you present 
 tome; I regard it as the expression of the national will, 
 which appears to me to be conformable to the political prin- 
 ciples I have professed throughout my life. 
 
 ^* Filled with recollections which have always made me hope 
 never to be called to ascend the throne, exempt from ambition, 
 and habituated to the life of peace which I led with my family, 
 I cannot conceal from you the sentiments which agitate my 
 mind at this great conjuncture ; but there is one whioh entirely 
 predominates over all the rest — the love of my country. I am 
 fully impressed with the duties it prescribes to me, an-d I will 
 perform them." 
 
 His Royal Highness was deeply affected. Surrounded by 
 his family, he embracefl M. Lafitte. Acclamations of «^ Vive 
 le RoiT'' ^' Vive la ReinaT' '* Vive la Famille RoyaleP'' 
 burst from every voice present, and were reiterated by thousands 
 in the courts of the palace. The voice of the multitude called 
 forth the Prince to the balcony, accompanied by M. La- 
 fayette. They were both received with acclamations, which 
 were redoubled when the Dutchess of Orleans presented her 
 children to the people. M. Lafayette, struck by this unanimity 
 of feeling, took the hand of the Duke of Orleans, sayings 
 " We have done well ; you are the Prince we want ; this is the 
 best of republics 1" After dinner, an innumerable crowd de- 
 manded to see the Duke, and he made his appearance at the 
 balcony, with his whole family. 
 
 At foalf-past ten the Chamber of Peers arrived to presenl 
 
S04 ANNALS OF THif 
 
 the Declaration which they had agreed to. Bai'on Pasquler^ 
 the President, delivered the following address to the Duke of 
 Orleans. 
 
 " Mon seigneur, -—The Chamber of Peers are come to present 
 to your Royal Highness the act which is to secure our future 
 destiny. You formerly defended with arms our'new and inex- 
 perienced liberties ; to-day you are about to consecrate them 
 by institutions and laws. Your exalted understanding, your 
 inclinations, the recollections of your whole life, promise that 
 we shall find in you a citizen king. You will respect our 
 guarantees, which are at the same time your own. This noble 
 family we see around you, brought up in the love of their 
 country, of justice, and of truth, will ensure to our children 
 the peaceable enjoyment of that Charier you are about to 
 swear to maintain, and the benefits of a government at once 
 stable and free." 
 
 To this address his Royal Highness replied as follows :— 
 
 '^ Gentlemen,^ — By presenting to me this Declaration you 
 have testified a confidence which deeply affects me. Attached 
 from conviction to constitutional principles, 1 desire nothing so 
 much as a good understanding between the two Chambers. I 
 thank you for affording me ground to reckon upon it. You 
 have imposed upon me a great task : I will endeavour to prove 
 myself worthy of it." 
 
 There is only one thing remarkable in the Duke's answer 
 to the Baron's address ; it is a word — the first word— he-styled 
 the peers " Gentlemen." 
 
 Whatever was the difference of opinion as to the form of go* 
 vernment to be established, at a moment when the nation was 
 free to choose between a limited monarchy and a republic, it 
 existed only among those classes whose opportunities of ap- 
 preciating the fitness or applicability of either system to the 
 situation of France had been limited by youth and inexperience 
 on the one hand, or by a want of the necessary degree of po- 
 litical knowledge and information on the other. 
 
 The students, for instance, in the schools of law and medi- 
 cine, of whom there are many thousands in Paris, were almost? 
 all, more or less, deeply tinged with republican opinions. 
 Yesterday and to-day the courts and passages connected with 
 the Chamber of Deputies were crow^ded with these youthful 
 publicists^ in their anxiety to witness, and, as some asserted, to 
 overawe the important deliberations of the representative 
 Chamber.. 
 
RETOLUTIOK IN FRANCE, 1830. 20S 
 
 A scene of an interesting nature took place this morning at 
 the Palais Royal, in consequence of their enthusiastic demon- 
 strations in favour of what was thought to be essential to public 
 liberty. It strikingly indicates the sentiments entertained by 
 those of the French youth enjoying the greatest advantages in 
 point of education, and throws light on the plain good sense 
 of the Duke of Orleans. 
 
 A number of these young men, most conspicuous for the 
 warmth with which they had expressed their political senti- 
 ments, were carried to the Palais Royal, and introduced to the 
 Duke of Orleans by a gentleman, who, on presenting them^ 
 informed his Royal Highness that he brought with him a i^ew 
 of his young friends, who, he observed with a smile, were all 
 zealous republicans. 
 
 *^ That does not surprise me," replied the Duke : "at their 
 age, I too was a republican. I was a Girondist, but never a 
 Montagnard." 
 
 " Cependant^ Monseigneur^^^ interposed one of the young 
 men, with some hesitation. 
 
 " The Montagnards have done a great deal of mischief, 
 gentlemen," continued the Duke. 
 
 " But," replied another of the party, " my father was ona 
 of them." 
 
 " And so was mine," rejoined the Prince. 
 
 " We know very well," added the young man who had pre- 
 viously spoken, '^ that at present a republic is out of the 
 question ; but we wish at least to see our liberties secured by 
 sufficient guarantees." 
 
 "On that point," said the Duke, "we perfectly understand^ 
 each other." 
 
 On this the young republicans withdrew, expressing to each 
 other much less exalted opinions as to the nature and supre- 
 macy of popular right than before their admission into the 
 presence of royalty. On descending the last steps of the 
 Palace, one of the most enthusiastic of their number observed 
 to his companions, "Eh bien, mes amis, Le Prince est un 
 brave homme : c'estun221." 
 
 The "221" was the number of a majority of Deputies in 
 the former Chamber, who voted what was called an " insolent 
 address" to Charles X., against the measure of the ministers, 
 and defeated their desire of effecting unconstitutional purposes 
 by legislative forms. The address was the main ground for 
 dis^oJving the Chamber, and having recourse to a new election,. 
 
£06 ANNALS OF TH£ 
 
 The electors returned the present Deputies, the majority of 
 whom, had they been convoked, would have been as refractory 
 as the Deputies of the former Chamber. 
 
 The last ordinance signed by Charles X was for the sup- 
 pression of the Polytechnic School. One of the pupils related, 
 in conversation, the feeling which induced the students to join 
 the people of Paris, and the manner in which the citizens 
 received them. 
 
 '^ We knew that our school was soon to be abolished, and 
 that the studies at which we had so lang burned tlie midnight 
 lamp would become useless to us. If we therefore required 
 any thing more than a love of country to do our duty — and 
 thank God," added he, striking his breast, ** not one among us 
 did — we should have found it in our own personal interests. 
 We had no sooner received intelligence that from the excessive 
 state of excitement created throughout the town, by the ob- 
 noxious measures of Polignac, a popular commotion was to 
 be apprehended, than we sallied forth en masse. We had 
 scarcely traversed three streets, when our farther progress was 
 arrested by an armed mob. '' Is not (they said) the Ecole 
 Polytechnique what it was in 1814 ? Do you mean to sully its 
 fair fame ?" Our surprise at first at such a reception, from 
 those whose interests it was our intention to espouse, was ex- 
 treme, until one of our companions fortunately perceived 
 that in our hurry to participate in what was passing, we had 
 neglected to take the fleurs-de-lis from our hats. To give 
 you aa idea of the enthusiastic cheers with which we were 
 greeted when we dashed this tyrannic badge to the ground, 
 would be in vain. Many among us were elected chiefs by the 
 people themselves, a still greater number rose themselves un- 
 solicited to that dignity ; in the course of the day each leader 
 succeeded in procuring a horse, the greater number of which 
 w-ere taken from the gen-d'armes, and, if we did not raise, we 
 at least maintained unsullied the reputation of the Ecole PqIj/" 
 technique. But, where all proved themselves heroes, none 
 deserve praise. A companion of mine fought beside a wine- 
 merchant ; a Swiss aimed at him a sabre blow with such vio- 
 lence, that the blade broke in his chest; the patriot's gun fell 
 from his hand, his lips quivered, and he remained for a moment, 
 as it were, unconscious of what was passing around him ; but 
 it was but for a moment, for, with a resolution of purpose 
 which mocks description, dragging the broken sword from his 
 mutilated body, he handed it to my friend, '' Apportez le a mm 
 femme^ dis luiqueje s^ai recu pour lapatrie.^^ 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 207 
 
 MONDAY, AUGUST 9. 
 
 Yesterday (Sunday) nothing of public interest occurred. It 
 was the anniversary of the accession of the Polignac adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 To-day the Duke of Orleans was to be enthroned King of 
 the French, upon condition of his accepting the Declaration of 
 Rights. 
 
 By seven o'clock in the morning, the people anxiously 
 crowded round the gates of the Palace of Deputies. At ten 
 o'clock, the)5 jiad occupied the Tribunes. At noon, all the 
 Deputies wej^e present. Only four or five members of the 
 right were observed, Messrs. Berryer de Lardemelle, Murat, 
 Paul de Chateaudouble, &c. At one o'clock, the Peers be- 
 gan to occupy the benches assigned them on the right of the 
 throne. The tribune of the diplomatic body was almost en- 
 tirely filled with ladies. There were a few Charges d'Affaires 
 and a general officer, who appeared to be an Englishman. 
 
 The fleur-de-lis, which decorated the velvet curtain of the 
 throne, had been removed. Four large tri-coloured flags were . 
 displayed to the right and left of the throne. Three red velvet 
 stools were before it. Lower down, to the right and left^ were 
 the benches for the provisional Ministers. The National 
 Guard alone were on duty at the Palace. 
 
 Two seats covered with pink silk were placed in the centre 
 of the Assembly, on the last bench generally occupied by the 
 Ministers, Secretaries of State ; they were for the Presidents of 
 the Chamber of Deputies and the Chamber of Peers. The 
 Peers were to the number of ninety. 
 
 Soon after one o'clock, the provisional Commissioners for 
 the several departments of Justice, the Interior, Foreign Af- 
 fairs, War, Finance, Public Instruction, entered the Hall. 
 
 The tribune intended for the family of the Lieutenant-General 
 was opened at a quarter past two, and all eyes were turned to 
 that side. Her Royal Highness the Dutchess of Orleans entered 
 first ; Mademoiselle d'Orleans, the Prince de Joinville, and the 
 Duke de Montpensier, seated themselves on her right hand ; 
 Mademoiselles de Valois and Beaujolais on her left. The 
 Princess appeared to be greatly moved. She several times sa- 
 luted the assembly. Her dress and that of the young Princesses 
 were plain white robes. The Princes were dressed in sky- 
 blue frock coats. 
 
 The crown, the sceptre, the sword, and the hand of justice, 
 
208 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 were brought upon a rich cushion, and placed upon a table to 
 the right of the throne. \ 
 
 Four Marshals of France, the Dukes of Treviso, Tarentem, 
 and Reggio, and Count Molitor, placed themselves standing 
 behind the throne. 
 
 At half-past two, sounds of warlike music were heard in the 
 assembly, announcing the arrival of the Prince. Profound si- 
 lence ensued. The great deputation returned to the Hall, 
 M. Cassimir Perrier, President of the Chamber of Deputies, 
 and M. Pasquier, President of the Chamber of Peers, took the 
 two seats prepared for them. 
 
 The Duke of Orleans entered the Hall, followjed by his two 
 sons, the Dukes de Chartres and Nemours, arni took their 
 places some feet before the throne. 
 
 Cries a thousand times repeated of '^ Vive le Due d^ Orleans ^"^"^ 
 &^c., were heard from all the benches ; the public in the gal- 
 leries joined in these acclamations. The Prince bowed seve- 
 ral times, and said, *'• Gentlemen, be seated." The Prince 
 himself sat down and put on his hat, and requested the Presi- 
 dent to read to him the Declaration of the Chamber of De- 
 puties. 
 
 M. Cassimir Perrier, the President, then read with a firm 
 and loud voice, during a most solemn silence, the Declaration 
 of the Chamber of Deputies. He then ascended the steps, 
 bowed to the Prince, who rose, received the declaration from 
 his hands, and said : — 
 
 " Monsieur the President of the Chamber of Peers, I request 
 you to deliver to me the act of adherence given by the Peers 
 of France to the Declaration of the Chamber of Deputies." 
 
 Baron Pasquier delivered to the Duke, with the same cere- 
 monial, the act of adherence of the Chamber of Peers. 
 
 The Prince Lieutenant-General then said, ia a strong and 
 sonorous voice, 
 
 *' Gentlemen, Peers, and Deputies, 
 ** I have read with great attention the Declaration of the 
 Chamber of Deputies, and the adherence of the Chamber of 
 Peers. I have weighed and meditated all the expressions of 
 them. I accept, without restriction or reserve, all the clauses 
 and engagements which this declaration contains, and the title 
 of King of the French which it confers upon me. I am ready 
 to swear to the observance of them*" 
 
 Scarcely were these words pronounced, when cries of*' Vim 
 
RETOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 209 
 
 hRoiP^ ^^Vive Philippe J./" resounded through the Hall, 
 The King bowed, and, raising his hand towards heaven, pro- 
 nounced th€ following oath : — 
 
 "In the presence of God I swear faithfully to observe the 
 Constitutional Charter, with the changes and modifications ex- 
 pressed in the declaration of the Chamber of Deputies ; to go- 
 vern only by the laws, and according to the laws ; to cause 
 good and strict justice to be done to every body according to 
 his right ; and to act in all things solely with a view to promote 
 the happiness and the glory of the French people." 
 
 This solemn oath was received with new acclamations. The 
 Chambers and the galleries were turned towards the gallery of 
 the Royal Famity, and cries of ^^Vive la ReineP^ ^^Vive la 
 Famille Roy ale P^ arose from all. parts of the Hall, and were 
 repeated by the immense crowd that surrounded the Palace. 
 
 The King immediately signed the declaration, the act of ad- 
 herence, and the oath. 
 
 PhiUppe I. then sat down on the throne, and delivered the 
 following speech : — 
 
 '^ Messrs, Peers und Deputies , 
 
 " I have maturely reflected on the extent of the duties which 
 are imposed upon me. 1 have the consciousness of being able 
 to fulfil them, by causing the compact of alliance which has 
 been proposed to me to be observed. 
 
 *^I should have ardently desired never to fill the throne to 
 which the national will calls me ; but I yield to this will, ex- 
 pressed to the Chambers in the name of the French people, for 
 the maintenance of the Charter and the laws. 
 
 " The modifications which we have just made in the Charter 
 guarantee the security of the future and the prosperity of 
 France. Happy at home, respected abroad, at peace with 
 Europe, it will be more consolidated." 
 
 Fresh acclamations rose in the Hall, and did not cease till 
 long after the departure of the King and his august family. 
 
 M. Dupont de TEure, Commissioner for the department of 
 Justice, said, " The King invites the members of the two 
 Chambers to meet to-morrow in their respective palaces, to 
 make oath to the Charter, and to continue their labours." 
 
 The crowd dispersed slowly to the sound of military music, 
 and the Queen mingled in the Hail of Conferences with the 
 people, amid their acclamations. 
 
 T 
 
210 ANNALS or THE 
 
 DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.— THE CHARTER 
 OF 1830. 
 
 The provisions and propositions upon which, in behalf of the 
 people, the Chamber of Deputies called the Duke of Orleans 
 to the throne, and which, having been acceded to by the Cham- 
 ber of Peers, he accepted and swore to observe as the Charter 
 of the nation, are contained in the annexed document, signed 
 by the President, Vice-president, and Secretary ; and signed 
 by the Duke of Orleans in the presence of the two Chambers, 
 in the morning above related, previous to his taking the oath, 
 and being admitted to sit down upon the throne. 
 
 " DECLARATION OF THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES. 
 
 ^' The Chamber of Deputies, taking into consideration the 
 imperious necessity which is the result of the 26th, 27tb, 28th, 
 and 29th of July, and the following days, and the situation in 
 which France is at this moment placed, inconsequence of this 
 violation of the Constitutional Charter ; considering, however, 
 that by this violation, and the heroic resistance of the citizens 
 of Paris, his Majesty King Charles X., his RoyaKHighness 
 Louis Antoine his son, and the senior members of the Royal 
 House, are leaving the kingdom of France, — declares that the 
 throne is vacant de facto et de jure^ and that there is an abso- 
 lute necessity of providing for it. 
 
 *' The Chamber of Deputies declare, secondly, that accord- 
 ing to the wish, and for the interest of the people of France, 
 the preamble of the Constitutional Charter is omitted, as 
 wounding the national dignity, in appearing to grant to them 
 rights which essentially belong to them ; and that the follow- 
 ing articles of the same Charter ought to be suppressed, or mo- 
 dified in the following manner : — 
 
 "Article 1. Frenchmen are to be equal before the law, 
 w^hatever may be their titles or their ranks. 
 
 " Art. 2. They are to contribute in proportion to their for- 
 tunes to the charges of the State. 
 
 " Art. 3. They are all to be equally admissible to civil and 
 military employments. 
 
 '' Art. 4. Their individual liberty is equally guaranteed. 
 No person can be either prosecuted or arrested, except in cases 
 prescribed by the law. 
 
 " Art, 5. Each one may profess his religion with equal 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 18S0. 211 
 
 liberty, and shall obtain for his religious worship the same pro- 
 tection. 
 
 *^ Art. 6. The Ministers of the Catholic Apostolic and Ro- 
 man Religion, professed by a majority of the French, and 
 those of other Christian worship, receive stipends from the 
 Public Treasury. 
 
 ** Art. 7. Frenchmen have the right of publishing and print- 
 ing their opinions, provided they conform themselves to the 
 laws. The Censorship can never be re-estabHshed. 
 
 *' Art. 8. All property, without exception, is to be invio- 
 lable ; of that which is called national, the law makes no dif- 
 ference. 
 
 '« Art. 9. The State can exact the sacrifice of property for 
 the good of the public, legally proved ; but an indemnity shall 
 be first given to those who may suffer from the change. 
 
 ** Art. 10. All searching into the opinions and votes given 
 before the restoration is interdicted, and the same forgetful- 
 ness is commanded to be adopted by the tribunals and by the 
 citizens. 
 
 '* Art. 11. The conscription is abolished ; the method of re- 
 cruiting the army for land and sea is to be determined by the 
 law. 
 
 . *' Forms op the King's Govern^ment. 
 
 " Art. 12. The person of the King is inviolable and sacred : 
 his ministers are responsible ; to the King alone belongs exe- 
 cutive power. 
 
 " Art. 13. The King is to be the chief supreme of the 
 State ; to command the forces by sea and by land ; to declare 
 war ° to make treaties of peace and alliances of commerce ; 
 to name all those who are employed in the public administra- 
 tions, and to make all the regulations necessary for the execu- 
 tion of the laws, without having power either to suspend the 
 laws themselves or dispense with their execution. Neverthe- 
 less, no foreign troops can ever be admitted into the service of 
 the state without an express law. 
 
 " Art. 14. The legislative power is to be exercised collect- 
 ively by the King, the Chamber of Peers, and the Chamber 
 of Deputies. 
 
 '' Art. 15. The proposition of the laws is to belong to the 
 King, to the Chamber of Peers, and to the Chamber of Depu- 
 ties. Nevertheless, all the laws of taxes are to be first vot<^d 
 by the Chamber of Deputies. 
 
212 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 ^* Art. 16. Every law to be freely discussed, and voted hj 
 a majority of each of the tvi^o Chambers. 
 
 '^ Art. 17. If a proposed law be rejected by one of the three 
 powers, it cannot be brought forward again in the same ses- 
 sion. 
 
 *^^Art. 18. The King can alone sanction and promulgate 
 the laws. 
 
 '^ Art. 19. The Civil List is to be fixed for the duration of 
 the reign, by the Legislative Assembly, after the accession of 
 the King. 
 
 ** Of the Chamber of Peeks. 
 
 " Art. 20. The Chamber of Peers is to form an essential 
 portion of the Legislative Power. 
 
 '^ Art, 21. It is to be convoked by the King at the same 
 time as the Chamber of Deputies of the Departments. The 
 session of one is^to begin and finish at the same time as the 
 other. 
 
 '^ Art. 22. Any assembly of the Chamber of Peers which 
 shall be held at a time which is not that of the session of the 
 Chamber of Deputies is illicit, and null of full right, except 
 the case in which it is assembled as a Court of Justice, and 
 then it can only exercise judicial functions. 
 
 " Art. 22. The nomination of the Peers of France is the 
 prerogative of the King. Their number is unlimited. He 
 can vary their dignities, and name them Peers for life, or make 
 them hereditary, at his pleasure. 
 
 /'Art. 24. Peers can enter the Chamber at 26 years of 
 
 age, but have only a deliberative voice at the age of 30 years. 
 
 ^' Art. 25. The Chamber of Peers is to be presided over by 
 
 the Chancellor of France, and in his absence by a Peer named 
 
 by the King. 
 
 "Art. 2«. The Princes of the Blood are to be Peers bjr 
 right of birth. They are to take their seats next to the Pre- 
 sident. 
 
 *^ Art. 27. The sittings of the Chamber of Peers are to be 
 public, as well as those of the Chamber of Deputies. 
 
 " Art. 28. The Chamber of Peers takes cognizance of higli- 
 treason, and of attempts against the surety of the state. Which 
 is to be defined by the law. 
 
 " Art. 29. No Peer can be arrested but by the authority of 
 the Chamber, or judged but by it in a criminal matter* 
 
BEV0LI7M0N IN FRANCE, 1830. 213 
 
 *^ Of the Ghamber of Deputies of the DEPARTMENTi. 
 
 " Art. 30. The Chamber of Deputies will be composed of 
 Deputies elected by the Electoral Colleges, of which the or- 
 ganization is to be determined by the laws. 
 
 " Art. 31. The Deputies are to be elected for the space of 
 five years. 
 
 *' Art. 32. No Deputy can be admitted into the Chamber 
 till he has attained the age of thirty years, and if he do^s not 
 possess the other conditions prescribed by law. 
 
 v" Art. 33. If, however, there should not be in the depart- 
 ment fifty persons of the age specified, paying the amount of 
 taxes fixed by law, their number shall be completed from the 
 persons who pay the greatest amount of taxes under the amount 
 fixed by law. 
 
 ^' Art. 34. No person can be an elector if he is under twen- 
 ty-five years of age ; and if he does not possess all the other 
 conditions determined upon by the law. 
 
 '^ Art. 33. The Presidents of the Electoral Colleges are to 
 be named by the electors. 
 
 *' Art. 36. The half at least of the Deputies are to be 
 chosen from those who have their political residence in the de- 
 partments. 
 
 *' Art. 37. ,The President of the Chamber of Deputies is to 
 be elected by itself at the opening of each session. 
 
 '* Art. 38. The sittings of the Chambers are to be public, 
 but the request of five members will be sufficient to form a 
 select committee. 
 
 "Art. 39. The Chamber to be divided into secret commit- 
 tees, to discuss laws which may be presented from the King. 
 
 ^' Art. 40. No tax can be established or imposed, if it has 
 not been consented to by the two Chambers, and sanctioned 
 by the King. 
 
 "Art. 41. The land and house tax can only be voted for 
 one year. The indirect taxes may be voted for many years. 
 
 *' Art. 42. The King is to convoke every year the two 
 Chambers, and he has the right to prorogue them, and to dis- 
 solve that of the Deputies of the Departments ; but in this 
 case he must convoke a new one within the period of three 
 months. 
 
 " Art. 43. No bodily restraint can* be exercised against a 
 member of the Chamber during the session, nor for six weeks 
 which precede or follow the session. 
 
 '* Art. 44. No member of the Chamber can be, during tb© 
 T2 
 
^14 ANNAIS OF TEM 
 
 session, prosecuted or arrested in a criminal matter, except 
 taken in the act, till after the Chamber has permitted his ar- 
 rest, 
 
 " Art. 45. Every petition to either of the Chambers must 
 be made in writing. The law interdicts its being carried in 
 person to the bar. 
 
 " Of THE Ministers. 
 
 *' Art. 46. The Ministers can be Members of the Chamber 
 of Peers or the Chamber of Deputies. They have, moreover, 
 tiieir entrance into either Chamber, and are entitled to be 
 heard when they demand it. 
 
 '' Art. 47. The Chamber of Deputies have the right of. im- 
 peaching the Ministers, or of transferring them before the 
 Chamber of Peers, who alone can judge them. 
 
 '^Judicial Regulations, 
 
 " Art. 48. All justice emanates from the King ; he admi- 
 nisters in his name by the judges, whom he names, and whom 
 he institutes. 
 
 ^' Art. 49. The judges named by the King are immoveable. 
 
 '* Art. 60. The ordinary courts and tribunals existing are to 
 be maintained, and there is to be no change but by virtue of 
 a law. 
 
 "Art. 51. The actual institution of the Judges of Com- 
 merce is preserved. 
 
 *^ Art. 52. The office of Justice of Peace is equally pre- 
 served. The justices of peace, though named by the King, 
 are not immoveable. 
 
 " Art. 53. No one can be deprived of his natural judges. 
 
 " Art. 54. There camiot, in consequence, be extraordinary 
 commissions and tribunals created by any title or denomina- 
 tion whatever. 
 
 '^ Art. 55. The debates will be public in criminal matters, 
 at least when that publicity will not be dangerous to the pub- 
 lic order and manners, and in that case the tribunal is to de- 
 clare so by a distinct judgment* 
 
 " Art. 56. The institution of juries is to be preserved ; the 
 changes which a longer 'experience may render necessary can 
 only be effected by a distinct law. 
 
 " Art. 57. The punishment of the conifiscation of goods is 
 abolished, and cannot be re-established. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 215 
 
 '* Art. 58. The King has the right to pardon, and to com- 
 mute the punishment. 
 
 " Art. 69. The Civil Code, and the actual laws existing, 
 that are not contrary to the present Charter, will remain in full 
 force until they shall be legally derogated. 
 
 " Particular rights guaranteed by the State. 
 
 ** Art. 60 The military in actual service, officers and soldiers, 
 retired widows, officers and soldiers pensioned, are to preserve 
 their grades, honours, and pensions. 
 
 "Art. 61. The public debt is guaranteed — every sort of 
 engagement made by the state with its creditors is to be in- 
 violable. 
 
 " Art, 62. The ancient nobility are to resume their titles ; 
 the new are to preserve theirs ; the King is to create Nofeles 
 at his pleasure ; but he only grants to them rank and honours, 
 without exemption from the charges and duties imposed on 
 them as members of society. 
 
 " Art. 63. The Legion of Honour is to be maintained. — 
 The King is to determine the regulations and decorations. 
 
 " Art. 64. The French Colonies are to be governed by par- 
 ticular laws. 
 
 " Art. 65. The King and his successors are to swear, on 
 their accession, in presence of the assembled Chambers, to ob- 
 serve faithfully the Constitutional Charter. 
 
 ** Art. 66. The present Charter, and the rights it consecrates, 
 shall be entrusted to the patriotism and courage of the National 
 Guard and all the French citizens. 
 
 ** Art. 67. France resumes her colours ; for the future there 
 will be no other cockade than the tri-coloured. 
 
 " Special provisions. 
 
 '* All the creations of Peers during the reign of Charles X. 
 are declared null and void. 
 
 " Art. 27 of the Charter will undergo a fresh examination 
 during the session of 1831. 
 
 " The Chamber of Deputies declare, thirdly, that it is ne- 
 cessary to provide successively for separate laws, and that with 
 the shortest possible delay. 
 
 '< 1 . For the extension of the trial by jury to misdemeanors, 
 and particularly those of the press. 
 
 ^^ 2. For the responsibility of Ministers and the secondary 
 agents of Government. 
 
216 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 " 3. For the re-election of Deputies appointed to public 
 functions. t 
 
 *^ 4. For the annual voting of the army estimates. 
 
 '* 6. For the organization of the National Guards, and for 
 the choice of their own officers. 
 
 " 6. For a military code, ensuring in a legal manner the si- 
 tuation of officers of all ranks. 
 
 '^ 7. For the departmental and municipal administrations. 
 
 *' 8. For public instruction and the freedom of tuition. 
 
 " 9. For the abolition of the double vote, and for the fixing 
 of the qualification for electors and deputies. 
 
 " 10. Declaring that all laws and ordinances which are con- 
 trary to the measures adopted for the reform of the Charter are 
 thenceforward annulled and abrogated. 
 
 •* Upon condition of accepting these provisions and propo- 
 sitions, the Chamber of Deputies declares, that the universal 
 and pressing interest of the French people calls to the throne 
 his Royal Highness Louis Philippe ©'Orleans, Due d'Or- 
 LEANs, Lieutenant- General of the Kingdom^ and his descendants 
 for ever, from male to male, in the order of primogeniture, and 
 to the perpetual exclusion of the female branches and their 
 descendants. 
 
 ^' In consequence his Royal Highness Louis Philippe d'Or- 
 LEANS, Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, shall be invited to 
 accept and make oath to the above clauses and engagements — 
 the observance of the Constitutional Charter, and the modifi- 
 cations indicated — and, after having made oath before the as- 
 sembled Chambers, to assume the title of the King of the 
 French. 
 
 *« Debated at the Palace of the Chamber of Depwties, 
 7th of August^ 1830. 
 
 " President and Secretaries. 
 
 "Lafitte, Vice-President. 
 
 " Jacqueminot. 
 
 *' Payee de Vendeuvre. 
 
 '' Cunin-Gridaine, 
 
 "Jars. 
 
 "Examined with the origins^l by us, President and Secre- 
 taries — 
 
 " Lafitte. 
 
 " Jars. 
 
 "Jacqueminot. 
 
 " Payee de Vendeuyre, Deputy de I'Aube. 
 
 '* Cukin-Gridaine, Depute des Ardennes," 
 
BEVOLUTION IN FKAKCE, 1850. 217 
 
 " FRENCH PRINCIPLES.'* 
 
 The preceding, being the Constitutional Charter of 1830, 
 is grounded upon '* French Principles. ^^ Many persons in 
 England know nothing of these principles but the familiar use 
 of the term. Some may incline to acquaint themselves with 
 its meaning. 
 
 French principles are a series of Articles which were 
 drawn up and agreed upon by the National iVssembly at Paris 
 in 1789- These Principles or articles they call " The Decla- 
 ration of Rights," and proposed as the basis of a government 
 they desired to establish. The document is annexed, viz. — 
 
 " The Declaration of Rights. 
 
 '* The Representatives of the people of France formed 
 into a National Assembly, considering that ignorance, neglect, 
 or contempt of human rights are the sole causes of pubhc mis- 
 fortunes and corruptions of government, have resolved to set 
 forth in a solemn Declaration these natural, imprescriptible, 
 and unalienable rights — that this Declaration being constantly 
 present to the minds of the members of the body social, they 
 may be ever kept attentive to their rights and their duties— that 
 the acts of the legislative and executive powers of governnojent, 
 being capable of being every moment compared with the end 
 of political institutions, may be more respected ; and also, — 
 that the future claims of the citizens, being directed by simple 
 and incontestible principles, may always tend to the mainte- 
 nance of the constitution, and the general happiness. 
 
 " For these reasons the National Assembly doth recognize 
 and declare, in the presence of the supreme Being, and with 
 the hope of his blessing and favour, the following sacred rights 
 of men and of citizens : — 
 
 '^ I. Men were born, and always continue, free and equal, 
 in respect of their rights. Civil distinctions, therefore, can be 
 founded only on public utility. 
 
 *' II. The end of all political associations is the preserva- 
 tion of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man ; and these 
 rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance of op- 
 pression. 
 
 " III. The nation is essentially the source of all sovereignty ; 
 nor can any individual, or any body of men, be entitled to any 
 authority which is not expressly derived from it. 
 
 ** Vfi Political liberty consists in the power of doing what^ 
 
218 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 ever does not injure another. The exercise of the natural 
 rights of every man has no other limits than those which are 
 necessary to secure to every other man the free exercise of 
 the same rights ; and these limits are determinable only by 
 the law. 
 
 " V, The law ought to prohibit only actions hurtful to soci- 
 ety. What is not prohibited by the law should not be hin- 
 dered ; nor should any one be compelled to that which the law 
 does not require. 
 
 " VI. The law is^ an expression of the will of the commu- 
 nity. All citizens have a right to concur, either personally or 
 by their representatives, in its formation. It should be the 
 same to all, whether it protects or punishes ; and all, being 
 equal in its sight, are equally eligible to all honours, places, and 
 employments, according to their different abilities, vvithout any 
 other distinction than that created by their virtues and talents. 
 
 *' VIL No man should be accused, arrested, or held in con- 
 finement, except in cases determined by the law, and accord- 
 ing to the forms which it has prescribed. All who promote, 
 solicit, execute, or cause to be executed arbitrary orders, ought 
 to be punished : and every citizen called upon or apprehended 
 by virtue of the law, ought immediately to obey, and renders 
 himself culpable by resistance. 
 
 *' VIII. The law ought to impose no other penalties than 
 such as are absolutely and evidently necessary ; and no one 
 ought to be punished but in virtue of a law promulgated before 
 the offence, and legally applied. 
 
 " IX. Every man being presumed innocent till he has been 
 convicted, whenever his detention becomes indispensable, all 
 rigour to him,' more than is necessary to secure his person, ought 
 to be provided against by law. 
 
 " X. No man ought to be molested on account of his opi- 
 nions, not even on account of his religious opinions, provided his 
 avowal of them does not disturb the pubhc order established 
 by the law. 
 
 " XI. The unrestrained communication of thoughts and 
 opinions being one of the most precious rights of man, every 
 citizen may speak, write, and publish freely, provided he is 
 responsible for the abuse of this liberty in cases determined by 
 the law. 
 
 *' XII. A public force being necessary to give security to the 
 rights of men and of citizens, that force is instituted for the 
 benefit of the community, and not for the particular benefit of 
 the persons to whom it js entrusted* 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 219 
 
 *' XIII. A common contribution being necessary for the sup- 
 port of the public force, and for defraying the other expenses 
 of government, it ought to be divided equally among the mem- 
 bers of the community, according to their abilities. 
 
 '" XIV. Every citizen has a right, either by himself or his 
 representative, to a free voice in determining the necessity of 
 public contributions, the appropriation of them, and their 
 amount, mode of assessment, and duration. 
 
 "XV. Every community has a right to demand of all its 
 agents an account of their conduct. 
 
 "XVI. Every community, in which a separation of powers 
 and a security of rights is not provided for, wants a constitution.' 
 
 '' XVII. The right of property being inviolable and sacred, 
 no one ought to be deprived of it, except in cases of evident 
 public necessity legally ascertained, and on condition of a pre- 
 vious just indemnity. 
 
 French Principles being thus stated by the National As- 
 sembly of 1789, it is proper to subjoin the motives by which, 
 in their first address to their constituents, they represent them- 
 solves to have been actuated. Their observations are applica- 
 ble to the situation of France in 1830. They say, — 
 
 " We should betray you were we capable of concealing the 
 truth. The nation is at this moment on the point of rising to 
 the most illustrious destiny, or of sinking into the gulf of mis- 
 fortune. 
 
 " A great revolution has been effected, the very project of 
 which, a few months ago, would have appeared chimerical. 
 Accelerated by circumstances, which no human prudence 
 could calculate, this revolution has involved the entire subver- 
 sion of the ancient system ; and, without leaving us the time to 
 prop up that part of the fabric which ought still to be preserved, 
 or to replace what ought to be destroyed, it has on a sudden 
 surrounded us with ruins. 
 
 " If you do not, by your immediate assistance, restore motion 
 and life to the political body, the most glorious of revolutions 
 must perish almost as soon as it saw^ the light ; it will return into 
 that chaos whence so many generous efforts called it forth into 
 existence : and those who are determined to preserve, for ever, 
 the invincible love of liberty, would not leave, even to unwor- 
 thy citizens, the shameful consolation of resuming the fetters 
 of slavery. 
 
 *' Since the moment that your deputies, forming a just and 
 necessary union, have sacrificed to concord every species of 
 
220 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 rivalship and opposition of interest, the National Assembly 
 have not ceased to toil for the establishment of laws, which, 
 being the same for all, should form the safeguard of all. The 
 National Assembly have repaired the most important errors ; 
 they have broken the bonds of a multitude of slavish oppres- 
 sions, which degraded humanity ; they have filled with joy 
 and hope the hearts of the peasants, those creditors of the 
 earth and of nature, so long discouraged and despised ; they 
 have established that precious equality too much unknown to 
 the French — the common right to serve the state, to enjoy its 
 protection, and to merit its favours ; in short, according to 
 your instructions, the National Assembly are employed in 
 erecting gradually, on the immoveable basis of the unalienable 
 rights of man, a constitution mild as nature herself, durable as 
 justice, and of which the imperfections, an unavoidable conse- 
 quence of the inexperience of its authors, will easily be re- 
 paired. 
 
 *' We have had to combat with the inveterate prejudices of 
 ages, and great changes are attended by a thousand uncertainties. 
 Our successors will be enlightened by experience; but we 
 have endeavoured to trace a new route by the light of prin- 
 ciples only. They will labour in peace, but we have been 
 tried with dreadful storms. They will know their rights, and 
 the limits of the several powers ; we have recovered the first, 
 and fixed the second. They will consolidate our work-— they 
 will surpass us; and that shall be our recompense. Who 
 shall now presume to limit the grandeur of France ? Who 
 would not elevate his hopes ? Who would not rejoice to be a 
 citizen of this empire ?" 
 
 Fkench Principles were frustrated in their progress, and 
 the objects of the individuals who promulgated them were de- 
 feated by circumstances which are now matter of history. 
 Some of the ablest men among those that framed the Decla- 
 ration of Rights fell in defence of their principles^ by the axe 
 of the guillotine, during a reign of terror which subdued order 
 and virtue, and deluged France with blood. The individuals 
 perished, but their principles survive. 
 
 French Pkincii'les have worked, are working, and will 
 work. 
 
 French Principles became the admiration of the enlight- 
 ened and the wise. In this excellent class ranked Roscoe of 
 Liverpool, — whose honoured name will be ever venerated by 
 the lovers of literature and liberty. He hailed the new birth 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, IB 30. 221 
 
 of Freedom forty years ago, in verses of lasting renown ; and 
 he yet lives — though gently fading from the earth — to be re- 
 vived by the reappearance and application of the principles 
 which, through good and evil report, he has advocated during 
 a long 1 f e of high-minded philanthropy, and intense devotion 
 to the abolition of slavery all over the world. 
 
 SONG. 
 By William Roscoe, Esq. 
 
 O'er the vine-cover'd hills and gay regions of France, 
 
 See the day-star of Liberty rise, 
 Through the clouds of detraction unwearied advance. 
 
 And hold its gay course through the skies. 
 An effulgence so mild, with a lustre so bright. 
 
 All Europe with wonder surveys; 
 And, from deserts of darkness and dungeons of night, 
 
 Contends foj a share of the blaze. 
 
 Let Burke like a bat from its splendour retire, 
 
 A splendour too strong for his eyes ; 
 Let pedants and fools his effusions admire, 
 
 Entrapp'd in his cobwebs like flies; 
 Shall Phrensy and Sophistry hope to p*-evail 
 
 When Reason oppo ses its weight, 
 When the welfare of millions is hung in the scale. 
 
 An d the balance yet trembles with fate ? 
 
 Ahl who, 'midst the horrors of night would abide. 
 
 That can taste the pure breezes of morn? 
 Or who that has drank of the crystalline tide 
 
 To the feculent flood would return ? 
 When the bosom of beauty the throbbing heart meets, 
 
 Ah 1 who can its transport's decline ? 
 Then who, that has tasted of Liberty's s^yeets, 
 
 The prize but with life would resign? 
 
 But 'tis over ; high Heaven the decision approver, 
 
 Oppression has struggled in vain. 
 To the hell she has form'd Superstition removes. 
 
 And Tyranny gnaws his own chain ; 
 In the records of Time a new era unfolds. 
 
 All nature exults in its birth. 
 The Creator benign his creation beholds, 
 
 And gives a new charter to earth. 
 
 O catch its high import, ye winds, as ye blowj 
 
 O bear it ye waves as ye roll. 
 From regions that feel the sun's yertical glow 
 
 To the farthest extremes of the pole: 
 
 u 
 
ANNALS OF THE 
 
 Equal laws, equal rights, to the nations around, 
 Peace and friendship their precepts impart ; 
 
 And, wherever the footsteps of Man shall be found. 
 May he bind the decree on his heart ! 
 
 CONDUCT OF THE FRENCH. 
 
 Right thinking people in every country have duly estimated 
 the people of Paris, in the noble stand they made for Liberty. 
 Meetings were held at London, Liverpool, Manchester, Bir- 
 mingham, and other towns throughout the kingdom, to testify 
 public ap^irobation of their conduct, and to raise and transmit 
 money for the relief of the wounded, and the widows and or- 
 phans of those who fell. 
 
 At a public meeting in Edinburgh, Francis Jeffhey, Esq., 
 Dean of Faculty, moved the following noble resolution : — 
 
 '' That the people of France having, with unexampled efforts 
 of courage, and under every disadvantage of preparation, 
 baffled the profligate attempt of their late monarch to violate 
 the sacred compact by which he held his jcrown, and to sup- 
 port that aggression by the most atrocious abuse of his mili- 
 tary authority ; and having, in the very moment of their sudden 
 triumph, and while yet excited by the sanguinary struggle 
 through which it had been obtained, made no other use of the 
 power with which it invested them than to exclude from the 
 throne the tyrant and his descendants, and to make such alter- 
 ations only in the Charter of their liberties as were calculated 
 to prevent the recurrence of similar calamities, and give secu- 
 rity and permanence to their free institutions ; have, by thus 
 uniting wisdom with heroism, and moderation with victory, 
 not only vindicated their own rights in ^ manner the most 
 glorious, but done all that in them lay to maintain the peace 
 of Europe ; and Have consequently entitled themselves to the 
 high admiration and gratitude of all the frie-nds of good order, 
 and especially of the people of Britain, who wrought out and 
 established their own freedom by kindred measures, and have, 
 of all nations, most cause to rejoice in the liberty and happi- 
 ness of France." 
 
 Mr. Jeffrey, in the course of an able speech, delivered 
 sentiments which in justice to the French people and to our- 
 selves it is important to recollect, and therefore to record. 
 
 He said — *' Let the meeting contrast the revolution of 1790 
 with that of 1830. The former characterized by insane coun- 
 oils, and by the atrocities of those wicked instruments by 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 223 
 
 which those councils were carried into execution— when every 
 thing venerable — every thing established — every thing sacred 
 — every thing human or divine which could command venera- 
 tion or respect — when religion, dignity, rank — all that had 
 pretensions to superior worth, was levelled in one chaos of ruin 
 and disorder — when a series of abominations were committed, 
 almost incredible in a Christian land. Then no quarter was 
 given — no offence was requisite to justify the slaughter of all 
 who v,rere suspected as being defenders of ancient royalty : 
 women and children — ladies of rank, delicacy, and unimpeach- 
 able virtue, were treated with cruelty, brutality, and insult, 
 merely because they bore names which had adorned the his- 
 tory of France — the guillotine was the remedy for every ex- 
 cess — the country was deluged by a sea of blood — and all the 
 porters at tlie gates or hotels of Paris were indiscriminately 
 massacred in cold blood, merely because known by the general 
 name of Swiss, to which many of them had no title. Look 
 at the contrast of 1830. Although employed in the first days 
 of the revolution in cutting down and slaughtering the people, 
 not one of those same Swiss who asked quarter was refused it 
 — not a single atrocity — not a single excess had been com- 
 mitted even in the excitement of victory. {Applause.) Asa 
 consummation of the whole, look at the treatment of Charles 
 X. and of Louis XVL Contrast the total forbearance from 
 violence or even insult — the respect and gravity with which 
 that infatuated, he might say guilty tyrant, was ushered out of 
 that kingdom, the dominion of which he had forfeited. Guards 
 of honour attending him — riding proudly in his carriage, sur- 
 rounded by his family, and conducted by the representatives of 
 the people, he passed through the country, amidst a mixed feel- 
 ing o«f sympathy and contempt no doubt, but unhurt by either in- 
 sult or injury. {Loud applauses.) Compare this proud triumph 
 of noble minds — this moderation in the exercise of the rights 
 of a free and magnanimous people — compare this, he said, 
 with the atrocities which marked the conduct of their fathers, 
 and even of some of themselves, when they brought to the 
 scaffold a benevolent Prince, whose whole reign had been 
 marked by a series of concessions to his people. {Loud ap- 
 plauses.) This was well calculated to command the admira,- 
 tion of the people of this country, were the fact merely before 
 them. But they had the theory as well the fact to explain this^ 
 extraordinary contrast. The excesses of 1790 were those of 
 slaves broken loose, who were as unfit for liberty as they were 
 unworthy of it. {Cheers.) The conduct of the French in 
 
^24 ANNAtS OF THE 
 
 1830 was that of men proud of rational liberty, and warned 
 by the excesses of their ancestors — aware that the noblest at- 
 tributes of a free people were patience, long-suffering, and 
 abstinence from vengeance on a fallen enemy. What a glo-- 
 rious lesson did this afford to those who were always afraid of 
 the effects of liberty on the people, who considered that there 
 was no safety but in bonds — and that, when the people were 
 entrusted with rights, nothing could follow but disorder and 
 bloodshed ! {Loud applause.) What a proof did this afford 
 that liberty was the only safe preventive of all excesses I 
 {Applause,) This was not only the cause of France, it was 
 the cause of England, it was the cause of Europe, it was the 
 cause of the whole human race. {Cheers,) It was a lesson^ 
 which had now been a second time repeated, and it was won- 
 derful how accurately it resembled that shown by this country 
 above fOO years ago. On this occasion the people had heen 
 taught a lesson ; and at last atoned for the crimes of their 
 fathers. (Applause.) On this occasion the stability of the 
 throne or the altar was not aimed at; on the contrary, the 
 throne and the altar were more firmly established, and on a 
 basis of security on which they had never stood before; and it 
 would go far to disarm all those prejudices which were enter- 
 tained by some even in this country against rational liberty, 
 and to do away those jealousies of popular rights which occa- 
 sioned alarms in the minds of many by whom he believed they 
 were conscientiously entertained. (Applause.) The example 
 they had now seen would do two things. It would illuminate 
 the people on the one hand, in giving free vent to their opinions, 
 —an;', on the other, thrones and altars, principalities and 
 poweiv, would be taught to look for an augmentation of 
 their strength in seeking the fair support and affections of the 
 people. {Loud cheers.) In this country even the most de- 
 voted and inveterate Tories were found congratulating them- 
 selves and their Sovereign on the triumph which monarchy, 
 principle, law, and religion had obtained on this glorious occa- 
 sion ; and he looked forward to the time when men of all par- 
 ties, of all shades and distinctions, would mingle in the ex- 
 pressions of their opinions, free from all the acrimony of party 
 feelings and jealousies. This was already effected in the reli- 
 gious, and why not in the political world? At home, this 
 approximation of good feeling and good will had been conspi- 
 cuous of late years : men of different designations in religion 
 no longer denounced damnation against each other ; but treated 
 each other with Christian charity,^ altiiough same shades of 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 225 
 
 difference might exist between them on the less important and 
 indifferent points of religion ; and why should not political 
 parties exercise the same forbearance and charity towards each 
 other ? The time, he hoped, was not far distant, indeed it wa» 
 almost present, when the names of Fox and Pitt, and the de- 
 signations of Whig and Tory, as party distinctions, would fall 
 into utter disuse ; and when, in all the practical points of good 
 government, all parties would be united. Party animosity 
 was every day going down ; and the same feelings which had 
 now directed the French people, he hoped, would soon draw 
 all the nations of the earth into one common union for the 
 preservation of rational liberty, and the interchange of that 
 benevolence by which the whole race of men would be exalted 
 and ennobled. (^Loud cheering,) Why had we in this coun- 
 try been so long accustomed to regard the French people with 
 contempt ? Why, because we thought them too submissive to 
 arbitrary government, — too proud of their own national cha- 
 racter — too proud of conquest, and too little fit to govern and 
 restrain themselves. They had on this great occasion shown 
 the reverse of all these faults ; they had been so moderate and 
 forbearing that he could not help hoping that the two nations 
 would be henceforth so united, that there should be no rivalry 
 between them but in the practice of virtue and benevolence, 
 and in the honourable rivalry of philosophy and the arts. 
 {Loud cheers.) It had been insinuated in some quarters that 
 the British government patronised the measures of the French 
 ministry. When Parliament met, he had no doubt that the 
 calumny would be put down. In the mean time, be thought 
 it was proper that the sense of the nation should be expressed 
 upon the subject ; and that meetings like the present should 
 take place in all quarters for that purpose." 
 
 CHARLES X. 
 
 (From the " Chat of the WeeJc.'') 
 
 Charles Philip, formerly Count d'Artois, brother and suc- 
 cessor of Louis XVIII., was born at Versailles the 9th of 
 October, 1757. He married, in 1773, Maria Teresa of Savoy, 
 and had issue the Due d' Angouleme, (late Dauphin) the Due de 
 Berri (assassinated), and the Princess Sophia, who died young. 
 His wife is also deadl He was brought up in the Court of hir 
 
226 awnals of~ Tirs;;' 
 
 grandfather, Louis XV., one of the most exacting, foolisHyand' 
 dissipated men that ever existed, which ought to be remem- 
 bered in excuse of his grandson, who showed from an early age 
 ail the fruits of such a soil. He was a rake and a ruffler. At 
 a ball, v/hen he was nineteen, he publicly tore a mask from 
 the face of the Dutchess de Bourbon, for which he had to fight 
 the Duke. The moment the disorders began in the state, the 
 Count d'Artois set his face against all change and all amelio- 
 ration, and became very unpopular. On one occasion, when 
 his brother^ the late King Louis the XVJIL, was received with 
 acclamation, it was with difficulty that the count was escorted 
 through the indignant multitude. He affected to treat the Re- 
 volution as a mutiny. The destruction of the Bastile showed 
 him tbit it was something more. He began, with alarm, to 
 get a glimpse of the new power coming up in the world, called 
 ])ublic opinion, showed symptoms of agitation at the National 
 Assembly, when he was obliged to appear with Louis XVf., 
 and two days afterward left France, to concert the means of 
 invading it with an army of foreigners, and of setting up the 
 first holy alliance, justly called at the time a '* conspiracy 
 of kings." In the manifesto pubhshed at his instigation, and 
 in the joint names of himself and his brother, by the Emperor 
 and the King of Prussia, the King of France was declared to 
 be an object of common interest to '' all the sovereigns of Eu- 
 rope" (not to justice or humanity^, and a resolution was an- 
 nounced to restore the monarchal government of France to 
 a condition '* equally suitable to the rights of sovereigns, and" 
 — what ? the happiness of the people ? no — ** the welfare of 
 the French ^^o&^7^^^/." The manifesto came to nothing at the 
 time ; but the Count d'Artois made an incursion into Cham- 
 pagne with a corps of emigrants. The incursion came 
 to as little. After other ineffectual attempts to get up an 
 army, he returned into Great Britain, resided a long time 
 in Edinburgh, at Holyrood House, and afterward, with the 
 rest of the family, at Hartwell, where he remained till Buona- 
 parte overshot himself in Russia. He then went poking 
 about the French frontiers, to see where foreign invasion could 
 come in ; and upon Buonaparte's abdication, issued a manifesto, 
 announcing, among other blessings, ''- the triumph of liberty, 
 and the reign of the laws !" It is needless to state the parti- 
 culars of either his subsequent flight and return, as Napoleon 
 came and went, or of his various face-makings for and ag.ainst 
 the Charter, in quality of prince and sovereign His public 
 professions and his real feelings were well understood. He took- 
 oath upon oath to adhere to the Charter, and we see what they 
 
IKEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1330. 22T 
 
 have come to. He dissolved the last Chamber, because it 
 thwarted his views ; and, upon seeing that the next was likely 
 to thwart them more, he dissolved that before it had 
 assembled ! 
 
 The whole secret of the matter is, that Charles X. is a com- 
 monplace Prince of the violent order ; an old rake who has 
 become a devotee, and who was willing to compound for his 
 own offences, and those of freedom, by one grand coup-de- 
 main in favour of priestcraft and tyranny. The priests were 
 evidently at the bottom of it, from the bitterness of what is 
 said against their adversaries in the Report of the ministers. 
 The weak, obstinate King took his feebleness for his strength ; 
 and he had as weak a minister in Polignac, to do likewise. 
 Polignac seems a simpleton like the rest of his family, whose 
 influence was wondered at whentliey helped to ruin Marie An- 
 toinette. Twice had his family been obliged to quit France, 
 and both times with the Count d'Artois. 
 
 Charles X. has been a vain, headstrong, unteachable man, 
 badly brought up, forgetting none of his old quarrels with free- 
 dom, and resolved to have '* that matter out," as the phrase 
 is, the first opportunity. He has had it out, and is out himself. 
 
 Charles X. is not wanting in the physical part of firmness 
 and bravery. He keeps up his strength and activity by hunt- 
 ing ; and, corporeally speaking, is a respectable old prince of 
 seventy-three, being intemperate in nothing but his bigotries. 
 His face is against him. He shows his teeth like an old hyena, 
 and his smile is as silly as his purposes. 
 
 The duel between Charles X., when Count d'Artois, and 
 the Duke of Bourbon, originated in a masquerade frolic. The 
 count having a lady with him, was followed by the Dutchess of 
 Bourbon. She seized his mask by the beard and the strings 
 snapped ; the count seized the Dutchess's mask and broke it. 
 The Duke of Bourbon, conceiving that the sex of the Dut- 
 chess should have protected her from rude retaliation, sent the 
 count d'Artois a message. The duel took place at the Bois 
 de Boulogne, near the Port des Princes ; and, as related by the 
 Chevalier de Crussol, the count's second, is a curiosity, as a 
 specimen of old court manners. The chevalier says,— 
 
 *' When we reached the Port des Princes I perceived the 
 Duke de Bourbon on foot, surrounded by several persons. As 
 soon as the Count d'Artois perceived the Duke, he got out of the 
 carriage, and wentstraight up to him, and said smiling, * Sir, it is 
 mid that you and I are looking for each othcF.' The Duke de 
 
2^8 ANNALS Of THE 
 
 Bourbon, taking off his hat, replied, ' Sir, I am here to receife 
 your commands.' ^ In order to execute yours,' replied the prince, 
 'you must allow me to return to my carriage.' He then went 
 back to his carriage, and having taken from it his sword, he rejoined 
 the Duke, and they entered the wood for about twenty paces ; 
 they then stopped, and each took his station opposite to the other^ 
 sword in hand. They were on the point of commencing the 
 combat, when the Duke de Bourbon, addressing the Prince, said, 
 ^ Perhaps, sir, you do not observe that you stand in a very un- 
 favourable position, as the sun is directly in your eyes.' ' Right,' 
 said the Prince, * there is as yet little or no foliage on the 
 trees, and the sun is inconvenient ; — we shall, however, not 
 find a shady place unless in the shadow of yonder wall. It is 
 not far off — let us go to it.' Accordingly, each put his naked 
 sword under his arm, and they walked to the proposed spot,^ 
 side by side, and conversing together. The Duke de Bourbon 
 asked the Count if he had any objection to his (the Duke's), 
 taking off his coat. The proposal was immediately agreed to 
 by the Count, who took off his also, andy their breasts thus 
 entirely open, the combat commenced. They were a long time 
 in position, without either of them making a pass. Suddenly, 
 however," continued M. de Crussol, " I saw the blood mount 
 to the cheeks of the Count d'Artois — from which I could 
 judge that he was growing impatient. In fact, he now began 
 to press upon the Duke rather violently, with the view, as it 
 seemed, of causing him to lose his caution ; and I perceived 
 the Duke waver a little. At this instant the Count d'Artois 
 made a lunge, in which his sword seemed to pass under the 
 arm of the Duke de Bourbon. Believing that the Duke must 
 have been wounded, 1 now stepped forward with a view of 
 staying the proceedings. ' Stay, for a moment, gentlemen,' 
 said I ; 'it seems to me that already more than enough has- 
 been done to satisfy the trifling character of the difference 
 which led to this meeting. 1 appeal to M. de Vibraye (whose 
 judgment should bear great weight in matters of this nature), 
 whether I am not correct in what I state.' * I entirely agree 
 with M. de Crussol,' said M. de Vibraye, ' in thinking that 
 enough has been done to satisfy the most scrupulous delicacy.' 
 * I am riot entitled,' said the Count d'Artois, * to have any 
 opinion on the matter. It is for the Duke de Bourbon to 
 express his wishes. I am entirely at his disposal,' ' Sir,' re- 
 plied the Duke de Bourbon, addressing himself to the Prince^ 
 and at the same time lowering the point of his sword,^ — ' I 
 kave only tasay that I am overwhelmed with gratitude for your 
 
REVOLTjTIOW in FRANCE, 1 830. 229 
 
 kindness to me in this affair, and shall never cease to remember 
 the honour you have conferred on me.' At these words the 
 Count d'Artois opened his arms, and, running towards the 
 Duke, they embraced each other, — and the affair ended." 
 
 It was the fashion in France, under tl^e old regime^ to elevate . 
 trifles : a courtier present at this duel, said, " They have fought 
 like a couple of grenadiers!" The Count d'Artois's conduct 
 was a topic for lavish encomiums. 
 
 When Mr. Brougham visited Sheffield as a candidate to re- 
 present the county of York, the measures of Charles X. and 
 his ministers had just become known. Mr. Broui^ham's opi- 
 nion upon the subject was requested, and he said, with a power 
 and an energy peculiarly his own, — '*Alas! the news has 
 reached us that a frantic tyrant (for I can call him nothing 
 else), bent upon mischief, and guided by an ignorant and be- 
 sotted priesthood — led by the most despicable advisers — for- 
 getful of the obligation he owes to his people — forgetful of 
 the duty he owes to that Providence which restored him to his 
 throne, — has, in the face of that Providence, and in defiance 
 of that people, declared that he will trample on the liberties 
 of his country, and rule 30,000,000 of its people by the sword. 
 I heartily pray that his advisers will meet with that punish- 
 ment which they so richly merit. The minister who could 
 give such counsels deserves that his head should be severed from 
 his body and rolled in the dust. If it woro nnociVvi- *'^<*^ ^^7 
 orxc could dare to give such advice to our Kmg, the same 
 punishment ought to be inflicted upon him, and his head 
 should roil in the dust the same day, before sunset, on which 
 he gave that counsel. Gentlemen, it is no business of ours 
 to interfere with that country ; the French have their own 
 liberty in their own keeping, and no nation ever showed itself 
 more disposed to keep it, or seemed to me to have more right, 
 to possess it. And 1 pray to heaven that they may speedily 
 crush their enemies and establish their liberties." 
 
 To keep room for more interesting matter, none has been 
 appropriated to the progress of the late King and his family 
 from Rambouillet to the coast. He landed at Poole, in Dor- 
 setshire ; and an alderman of that corporation immortalized 
 himself by handing him to a carriage, in which he went to Lul- 
 worth, where he cleanses himself with daily confession. For 
 having ordered fusilades upon the people of Paris, he appears 
 to have been enjoined the penance of shooting all day at Eng- 
 lish pheasants and partridges,^ 
 
2S0 ANNALS OE THE 
 
 Some of the Ministers who signed the ordinances were dis^- 
 covered in different disguises, and arrested. The premier, 
 Prince Polignac, assumed the character of a servant. On 
 being brought in strict custody to St. Lo, he wrote a letter to 
 Baron Pasquier, which is subjoined, as published in the Chat 
 of the Week. 
 
 LETTER OF THE PRINCE DE POLIGNAC, 
 
 Late Prime Minister of King Charles X., to the President 
 of the French Chamber of Peers, 
 
 Saint Lo, Aug. 17. 
 " Monsieur le Baron, 
 
 *' Having been arrested at Granville, at the moment 
 when I was flying from the sad and deplorable events which 
 have just taken place, and seeking an opportunity to retire to 
 the Island of Jersey, I have surrendered myself a prisoner 
 into the hands of the Provisional Commission of the Prefect- 
 ure of the department of La Manche, neither the Procureur 
 du Roi for the arrondissement of Saint Lo, nor the juge dHn- 
 struction, hdiv'mg any power, according to the terms of the 
 Charter, to commit me, in case (of which, however, I am igno- 
 rant) the Government had given orders for my arrest. ^ It is 
 >nly by the authority of the Chamber of Peers,' says article 
 29 of the Charter, and which, in this respect, is conformable 
 to the oiu oi;^.w-, - ^u^*. ^ ^^^^iK^- ^f *^^ ^.hamhRr of Pecrs 
 can be arrested.' I know not what steps the Chamber uf 
 Peers may take on this subject, or whether it will charge me 
 with the lamentable events of the two days, which I deplore 
 more than any many which came on with the rapidity of 
 the thunderbolt in the midst of the tempest, and which no 
 human strength nor prudence could arrest^ since in those ter- 
 rible moments it was impossible to know to whom to listen, or 
 to whom to apply, and every man's eflforts were required to 
 defend his own life. My only desire, M. Le Baron, is, that i 
 may be permitted to retire to my own home^ and there resume 
 those peaceful habits of private life which alone are suited to 
 my taste, and from which I was torn in spite of myself, as is 
 well known to all who are acquainted with me. Vicissitudes 
 enough have filled my days — reverses enough have whitened 
 my head, in the course of the stormy hfe I have led. I can- 
 not in any degree be reproached with having in the time of 
 my prosperity preserved any vengeful recollections against 
 those who used their power with undue severity against mo- 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 231 
 
 in adversity. Indeed, M. Le Baron, in what position should 
 we all be placed, surrounded as we are by those continual 
 changes presented by the age in which we live, if the poli- 
 tical opinions of those who are smitten by the tempest are to 
 become misdemeanors or crimes in the eyes of those who have 
 embraced a more fortunate Me of the question ? If I cannot 
 obtain permission to retire quietly to my home, I entreat to be 
 allowed to withdraw into a foreign country with my wife and 
 my children. Lastly, if the Chamber of Peers determine to 
 decree my arrest, I solicit that they will fix as the place of my 
 detention the fortress of Ham, in Picardy, where I was for a 
 long time in captivity in my youth, or in some other fortress 
 at once commodious and spacious. (Loud laughter.) That 
 of Ham would agree better than any other with the state of 
 my health, which has been for some time enfeebled, and which 
 the late events have greatly injured. The misfortunes of an 
 upright man ought in France to meet with some sympathy ; 
 but at all events, M. le Baron, I may almost venture to say 
 that it would be barbarous to bring me into the capital at a 
 time when so many prejudices have been raised against me- — 
 prejudices which my unsupported voice cannot appease, and 
 which time alone can calm. I have been long and too much 
 accustomed to see all my intentions misrepresented and placed 
 in the most odious hght. To you, M. le Baron, I have sub- 
 mitted all my wishes, not knowing to whom I ought to address 
 myself, and at the same time I request you to lay them before 
 those to whom it of right belongs, begging you to accept the 
 assurance of my high consideration. 
 
 (Signed) '^ The Prince de Polignac. 
 
 '^ P. S. 1 beg you to do me the favour to acknowledge the 
 receipt of this letter." 
 
 THE BOURBONS. 
 
 Charles (Louis Philippe) X. was the most aged Sovereign 
 in Europe, having been born the 9th of October, 1 757. He 
 succeeded his brother, Louis XVHL, whose dissolution oc- 
 curred in the 69th year of his age, on the 16th of September, 
 1824, and made his public entry into Paris, as King, on the 
 27th of the same month. Charles X. (at that period the 
 Count d' Artois) married the 17th November, 1773, when 
 he was in the 17th year of his age, the Princess Maria The- 
 
232 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 resa, daughter of Victor Amadeus, the third king of Sardinia, 
 Louis XVIII. having been united, in 1771, to the Princess 
 Maria, a daughter of the sanie Monarch. By this Princess, 
 who died at Gratz, in Hungary, June 2, 18G6, Charles X. had 
 issue Louis Antoine, Due d'Angouleme, late Dauphin of 
 France, born August 6, 1775, married, the lOthof June, 1799, 
 Maria Theresa Charlotte, only surviving child of Louis XVI. , 
 born the 19th of December, 177B ; Henry Charles, Due de 
 Berri, married, in 1818, Maria Caroline, daughter of Francis I., 
 the late King of the Two Sicilies, by Maria Clementina, sister of 
 the present Emperor of Austria, by whom the Due de Berri had 
 issue, Maria Theresa Louisa (Mademoiselle), born September 
 28, 1819, and Henry Charles Ferdinand, Dieudonne d'Artois 
 (a posthumous Prince), born the 29th of September, 1820. 
 The Due de Berri was assassinated, in Paris, February 14, 1820. 
 
 While Charles X. and his profligate ministers were cannon- 
 ading the people of Paris, William IV., who had recently as- 
 cended the throne of England, animated the people of London by 
 appearing in public, and manifesting a free-hearted and kind dis- 
 position. The contrast was obvious, and stirred the pen of Elia 
 to the effusion below, which he communicated to The Times, 
 
 THE ROYAL WONDERS. 
 
 Two miracles at once ! Compeird by fate, 
 His tarnish'd throne the Bourbon doth vacate ; 
 While English William, — a diviner thing, — 
 Of his free pleasure hath put o^ the king. 
 The forms of distant old respect lets pass, 
 And melts his crown into the common mass. 
 Health to fair France, and fine regeneration ! 
 But England's is the nobler abdication. 
 
 Charles Lamb. 
 
 There is an historical coincidence which owing to existing 
 circumstances strikes every body as singular. Thrice has the 
 crown of the Capets fallen from the elder to the younger 
 branch, and the consecutive reigns of three brothers have, always 
 preceded that change in the reigning family. After Philip le 
 Bel followed the reign of the brothers Louis le Hutin, Philip le 
 Long, and Charles le Bel. Then the sceptre fell into the 
 hands of Valois. The three brothers Francis IL, Charles IX., 
 and Henry IIL, finished the career of the royal family, and 
 called the Bourbons to the throne. Louis XVL, Louis XVIII , 
 and Charles X., terminate the list of the monarchs of that 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 233 
 
 family, and the House of Orleans rises in the midst of a tem- 
 pest. — The Times, 
 
 Family of Orleans. 
 
 Louis Philippe (Due d 'Orleans) born the 6th of October, 
 1 773, married November 25, 1809, the Princess Maria Amelia, 
 born December 14, 1782, second daughter of Ferdinand IV., 
 King of the Two Sicihes, sister of Francis L, and aunt to the 
 present Dutchess of Orleans, and by whom his Royal Highness 
 has a surviving family of nine children — -viz. 1. Ferdinand 
 Louis Philip, Due de Chartres, born the 8th of September, 
 1810; 2. Louisa Maria Theresa Charlotte Isabella, Dutchess 
 d'Orleans, born April 3, 1812 ; 3. Maria Christiana Caroline, 
 Dutchess de Valois, born April 12, 1813; 4. Louis Charles, 
 Ducde Nemours, born October 25, 1814; 5. Maria Clotilda, 
 born June 3, 1817; 6. Francis Ferdinand Philippe, Due de 
 Joinvijle, born August 14, 1818 ; 7.. Charles, Due de Ponthi- 
 evre, born July 1, 1820 ; 8. Henry, Ducd'Aumale, born June 
 \Qj 182^; 9. Anthony, Due de Montpensier, born July 31, 
 1824. Louis PhiUppe I. has an only sister unmarried, the 
 Princess Adelaide Eugene Louisa, Mademoiselle d'Orljeans, 
 born August 23, 1777. 
 
 FRANCE UNDER NAPOLEON. 
 
 Many excellent men viewed the admiration of the French 
 nation for the military power of Napoleon, and their acquies- 
 cence in his despotism, as a national blindness, which might 
 end in utter dereliction from the principles of Freedom. A 
 prophetic anticipation that France would again break her bonds, 
 closes the following lay of a distinguished minstrel of Liberty, 
 the late Mr. Edward Rushton, of Liverpool. 
 
 TO FRANCE. 
 
 . Canst thou, who burst with proud disdain 
 Each high-wrought link of slaverj^'s chain]; 
 Canst thou who cleansed with noble rage 
 Th' Augean filth of many an age ; 
 Canst thou, whose mighty vengeance hurPd 
 Destruction on thy foes — the world, 
 X 
 
2S4 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 Yet bade the infuriate slaughter cease, 
 When vanquish'd despots whined for peace ; 
 Ganst thou, O France I from heights like these descend, 
 And with each nerve unbraced — to proud Napoleon bend I 
 
 Was it for this thy warriors rose, 
 
 And paralyzed vast hordes of foes ? 
 
 For this, all prodigal* of life, 
 
 They rush*d amid the bellowing strife, 
 
 And, like the deserf^s burning breath, 
 
 Where'er they rush'd, they scattered death ? 
 
 For this, with many a gaping wound, 
 
 Thy daring sons have strew'd the ground, 
 And girt with smoking gore, and hills of slain, 
 Have gloried in their cause, and spurn'd the oppressor's chain ! 
 
 When vaunting freemen join'd the array, 
 And gloomy squadrons prowl'd for prey. 
 Was it for this, beneath the wave 
 Thy seamen found an oozy grave? 
 For this, when all around was wreck. 
 And mingled horrors stain'd the deck. 
 When slowly setting towards their fate, 
 While the broad banners wav'd elate, 
 Was it for this they Vive le Nation ! cried, 
 Scorn'd the submissive act, and felt the o'erwhelming tide ? 
 
 Was it for this the sorrowing sire 
 
 Has seen his Weeding boy expire ? 
 
 For this, the matron, sad and pale, 
 
 Has told her son's disastrous tale ? ' 
 
 For this, the widow oft has press'd, 
 
 With tears, the nursling to her breast ? 
 
 Was it to lift the ambitious soul 
 
 Of ONE above the law's control, 
 That thus dire war left millions to deplore, 
 And the broad earth and seas were tinged with human gore r 
 
 No ! — fearless France shall ne'er be found 
 Like the huge brute on India's ground, 
 That through the ranks impetuous sweeps. 
 And loads the field with mangled heaps, 
 And yet, each scene of carnage o^er, 
 Obeys that goad he felt before ; 
 No ! — fearless France shall still maintain 
 Those rights that millions died to gain, 
 And soon, though laurel wreaths her chains adorn, 
 ^hall show a grov'ling world that chains are still her scorn. 
 
 O France ! thy energetic soul 
 Will never brook unjust control ; 
 Will never crouch to Slavery's load, 
 Nor bear the oppressor's iron goad : 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE j 1830. 235 
 
 No ! — France, who bade her monarch fall, 
 
 Will ne'er before this idol crawl ; 
 
 Will ne'er receive with abject awe 
 
 A martial miscreant's will as law ; 
 j^o; — ^banish fear, ye friends of human kind, 
 France to a giant's arm unites a towering mind. 
 
 Ho who o'erwhelms his country's foe, 
 *: Yet lays his country's freedom low, 
 
 Must fear, though girt with guards and state, 
 From each bold arm the stroke of fate ; 
 And thou, usurping warrior, thou 
 To whom the weak and timid bow ; 
 Thou splendid curse, whose actions prove 
 That states may be undone by love: 
 . Thou foe to man, upheld by martial breath. 
 Thy march is on a mine — thy every dream is death. 
 
 And when this meteor's baleful rays 
 
 Are lost in Freedom's ardent blaze, 
 
 Yes, when indignant France shall rise, 
 
 Hej form all nerve, all fire her eyes. 
 
 And, scorning e'en the bayonet's sway, 
 
 Shall sweep the audacious.wretch away; — 
 
 Then, with degraded mien, no more 
 
 Shall man his fellow-man adore ; 
 Then o'er his powers shall Principle preside. 
 And the bright star of Truth shall prove his polar guide., 
 
 FRENCH AND ENGLISH REVOLUTIONS. 
 
 The following Historical Parallel is from Le Glohey^ French 
 
 Journal. 
 
 ENGLISH REVOLUTION. FRENCH REVOLUTION. 
 
 THE STUAKTS. CAPETS* 
 
 Charles L Louis XVI. 
 
 Resistance of the Parliament. Assembly of Notables. 
 
 Refusal of Subsidies. Refusal of Subsidies, 
 
 Parliament dissolved. Oath of the Tennis Court. 
 
 The Long Parliament. Legislative Assemblies. 
 
 Increasing irritation. Increasing irritation. 
 
 Charles I. at York. Louis XVI. at Versailles. 
 
 Civil War. Emigration, Vendee, &>c. 
 
 Flight of Charles, taken at the Flight of Louis, taken at Va- 
 Isle of Wight. rennes. 
 
236 
 
 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 THE STUAIITS. 
 
 Trial and death of Charles. 
 
 English Republic. 
 
 Oliver Cron^well, Protector. 
 
 Parliament dissolved. 
 
 New Parliament. 
 
 Military despotism and foreign 
 aid. 
 
 Alliance of Cromwell with Ma- 
 zarin and Louis XIV. 
 
 Fall of Richard Cromwell. 
 
 General Monck. 
 .Restoration. 
 
 Charles II. 
 
 Promise to maintain the Con- 
 stitution. 
 
 Amnesty (excepting to Regi- 
 cides). 
 
 Cromwell's army disbanded. 
 
 Triumph of the Royalists. 
 
 Parliamentary discussions. 
 
 Whigs and Tories. 
 
 Catholic and Royalist. 
 
 Reaction. 
 
 Death of Russell and Sydney. 
 
 Influence of the Duke of York, 
 brother to the King. 
 
 James II. 
 
 Fine speech on his accession ; 
 deception. 
 
 Triumph of the Catholics and 
 Tories. 
 
 JefFeries and his accomplices. 
 
 National indignation. 
 
 William of Nassau. 
 
 Fall of James and the Stuarts, 
 called the Glorious Revolu- 
 tion. 
 
 CAPETS. 
 
 Trial and death of Louis. 
 
 French Republic. 
 
 Buonaparte, ConsuL 
 
 Eighteenth Brumaire. 
 
 Senate. 
 
 Military despotism and foreign 
 
 aid. 
 Marriage of Napoleon with an 
 
 Archdutcbess of Austria. 
 Fall of Napoleon. 
 Talleyrand, Fouche, fcc. 
 Restoration. 
 Louis XVlll. 
 Charter. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 The army of the Loire, dittOo 
 
 Triumph of the Royalists. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Liberals and Ultras. 
 
 Catholic and Royalist. 
 
 Reaction. 
 
 Death of Berton, Bories, 6lc. 
 
 Influence of the Pavilion Mar- 
 
 san. 
 Charles X. 
 Ditto. 
 
 Triumph of the Jesuits and 
 Ultras. 
 
 Villele and Polignac's ministry. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Philip of Orleans. 
 
 Fall of Charles and the Bour- 
 bons, the Glorious Revolu- 
 tion. 
 
 Of all the authorities upon which people can rely, in a grand 
 political crisis, history is the most powerful. In the pi:eseBt 
 state of affairs it will be seen on which side it leanSo, 
 
REVOLUTION IIV FRANCE, 1830. 237 
 
 EX-DEY, AND EX-KING. 
 
 At Paris, on the receipt of the news of the surrender of 
 Algiers, Charles X. resolved to commemorate the event by a 
 royal procession of great pomp. A splendid pageant was ac- 
 cordingly got up on Sunday, the Uth July, and the King, 
 attended by an immense retinue of his Ministers and other offi- 
 cials of his government, proceeded to the church of Notre 
 Dame, followed by twenty-eighfe coaches, with eight horses 
 each ; — altogether presenting a spectacle calculated to call 
 forth the enthusiasm of the people. To add to the solemnity, 
 mass was celebrated at all the other churches. A great mul- 
 titude collected to witness the procession ; but although the 
 King had taken the precaution to avail himself of the pre- 
 sence of the Dutchess of Berri, as a kind of protection, he was 
 unable to elicit any warm expressions of loyalty. There was 
 an occasional attempt at " Vive le Roi," but the exclamation, 
 instead of spreading throughout the dense mass, died away a 
 solitary sound. It was altogether one of the most mournful 
 rejoicings that can possibly be imagined. Notwithstanding 
 the event which was the occasion of the procession, and the 
 means adopted to increase the splendour of the show and 
 render it imposing, yet the unpopularity of the King threw a - 
 gloom over the whole proceeding, which no effort on the part 
 of the court could dissipate. So strong and unconquerable, 
 even then, v/asthe feeling of the French against Charles X. 
 and his Government. 
 
 On Wednesday, the 28th of July, while the people were 
 braving his troops in battle, and hurling him from the throne, 
 the Semaphore of Marseilles published the following extract 
 of a document from Algiers : — " In the name of God, &c., I 
 renounce the absolute sovereignty to the victorious and grand 
 Charles the Tenth ; and I agree to pay him the tribute ; and 
 will also furnish him with the contingent, obeying him in the 
 same manner and in the same form as my predecessors and the 
 Dey of Algiers. I also expect to receive from the virtuous 
 Charles the Tenth all succour and protection that a subject has 
 to expect from his legitimate King. 
 
 When the Ex-Dey of Algiers was informed of the Revolu- 
 tion in France, he exclaimed, — " God is great ! — the King of 
 France dethroned me, and now he is dethroned himself 1- — 
 God is great !" 
 
 X2 
 
238 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE DUKE OF ORLEANS— LOUIS 
 PHILIPPE L 
 
 Although the Duke of Orleans, now Philippe L King of 
 the French, was usually called a cousin of Charles X., the re- 
 lationship they bear to each other is very remote. The com- 
 mon ancestor of both was Louis XIIL, in 1640, and, conse- 
 quently, as the line of each lengthened from him, the consan- 
 guinity of the descendants became more distant. . 
 
 Louis Philippe, eldest son of the late Due d'Orleans, and 
 of Marie Adelaide of Bourbon Penthievre, was born on Oc- 
 tober 6, 1773. At first he was named Due de Valois ; but 
 afterward Due de Che^rtres. Early in the Revolution, his fa- 
 ther dropped his title, assumed the name of Egalite (Equality), 
 and under that denomination associated himself with men of 
 sanguinary violence, in the horrible scenes of the first Revo- 
 lution. At nine years of age the Due de Chartres and his 
 brothers, the Due de Montpensier and the Count de Beaujo- 
 lais, were entrusted to the care of the celebrated Madame de 
 Genlis, who conducted his entire education upon the plan of 
 Rousseau's t^milius, until he was seventeen years old. She 
 strengthened both his body and mind. Early in childhood, she 
 taught him the principal modern languages ; accustomed him 
 to serve himself wijlhout assistance — to despise every kind of 
 • effeminacy — to sleep habitually on a wooden bed, merely co- 
 vered with a straw mat — to face the sun, cold, and rain — to 
 habituate himself to fatigue, by daily violent exercises, and hj 
 walking five or six leagues with leaden soles to his shoes. By 
 her aid he acquired many branches of useful knowledge, and 
 she inspired him with a taste for travelling. Since his great 
 ancestor, Henry IV., no other prince had bcQn so trained to 
 hardihood ; and, at the present dary, few persons in any station 
 have been so properly and so thoroughly qualified to engage in 
 the business of life. 
 
 When fifteen years old, during a tour with Madame de Gen- 
 lis, and his brothers, and their sister, Mademoiselle d'Orleans, 
 into Normandy, he was at Mont St. Michael, a place then re- 
 markable for a cage in which a Dutch newspaper editor had 
 been confined seventeen years, for writing against Louis XIV. 
 Madame de Genlis acquainted her pupils with every thing that 
 could improve or usefully inform their minds, and, deeming 
 this an opportunity for enabling them to take a lesson, she in- 
 quired of the people in the neighbourhood respecting the 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 23^ 
 
 '* prisoner's cage," which gave celebrity to the spot. " I in- 
 terrogated them," she says, ** about the famous iron cage. 
 They told me it was not of iron, but of wood, framed of enor- 
 mous logs, between which were interstices of the width of 
 three or four fingers'-breadth. It was about fifteen years 
 since any prisoners were confined there wholly, but they still 
 put in those who were obstreperous for twenty-four hours, or 
 two days, though the place was horribly damp and unwhole- 
 some, and though there was another prison as strong, and 
 more healthy. 1 expressed surprise, and the Prior assured me 
 that it was his intention, at some future time, to destroy this 
 monument of cruelty. Upon this Mademoiselle d'Orleans 
 and her brothers cried out, that they should be delighted to 
 see it destroyed in their presence. The Prior said that he ' 
 could afford them the satisfaction they desired the next morn- 
 ing, and that this would be assuredly the finest entertainment 
 he could give them. — -A few hours before our departure for 
 St. Michael, the Prior, followed by the monks^ two carpenters, 
 one of the Swiss of the Castle, and the greater part of the 
 prisoners, who, at our request, were allowed to be present, 
 acompanied us to the place containing this horrible cage. In 
 order to reach it, we traversed caverns so dark that we were 
 obliged to use lighted flambeaux. After descending many 
 . steps, we reached a frightful cavern, where stood this abomi- 
 nable cage. It was extremely small, and placed on ground 
 so damp that the water ran under it The Duke of Chartres, 
 with enthusiastic expression, and with a force beyond his years, 
 gave the first blow with his axe to the cage, after which the 
 carpenters cut down the door, and removed some of the wood. 
 I never witnessed anything so interesting as the transports, 
 the acclamations, and the applauses of the prisoners, during 
 this demolition. In the midst of the tumult, I was struck with 
 the melancholy and miserable looks of tlje Swiss, who regarded 
 the operation with the greatest signs -of gri^f. I mentioned 
 this to the Prior, who told me that the man regretted the de- 
 struction of the cage, because he made money by showing it 
 to strangers. The Duke of Chartres gave ten louis to him, 
 saying that for the future, instead of showing the cage to tra- 
 vellers, he would have to point out to them the place where it 
 once stood, and that surely that view would be much more 
 agreeable to them." At so early an age such an expression 
 bespoke a rectitude of mind which marked the desire and act 
 of destroying the cage as more than boyish. 
 
 The destruction of the Bastile in July, 1789, was another 
 
240' ANNALS OF THE 
 
 opportunity for the instruction of youth upon Madame de Gen- 
 lis's plan. She says, " The desire I had of showing my pupils 
 every thing induced me to come from St. Leu, and spend a few 
 hours at Paris, to witness from the garden of Beaumarchais 
 the assembling of the whole population of the capital, for the 
 purpose of pulling dow^n and demolishing the Bastile. It is 
 impossible to give an idea of the scene ; you must have seen it 
 in order to conceive of it. This redoubtable fortress was co- 
 vered with men, women, and children, working with unequalled 
 ardour, on the loftiest parts of the building, even on its turrets. 
 The astonishing number of these voluntary workmen, their ac* 
 tivity, their enthusiasm, their pleasure at seeing the fall of that 
 terrible monument of tyranny, their avenging hands, which 
 seemed consecrated by Providence, and which annihilated with 
 astonishing rapidity the work of many centuries — all this spoke 
 at once to the imagination and to the heart. No one had been 
 more shocked than I at the excesses committed at the taking 
 of the Bastile; but as I had also been witness for twenty 
 years of many arbitrary imprisonments, I never cast my eyes 
 on that fortress without shuddering, and its demolition afforded 
 me unspeakable delight." It is not to be doubted, that in 
 company with such an instructress, v/hom he regarded as a 
 mother, the Due de Chartres witnessed this extraordinary scene 
 with equal pleasure, and derived a moral from it which influ- 
 enced his public and private life. At this age, when the pas- 
 sions develop themselves, he w^as training in virtuous and 
 manly habits, under a woman of cheerful temper and e:xcellent 
 s^nse. His conduct was amiable and prudent, and he ac- 
 quired a sedate and reserved character, which slibsequent 
 events strengthened and confirmed. 
 
 About the same time, Madame de Genlis received a letter 
 from him, which she justly calls '^ most touching," and cites 
 the passage from it by which she was most affected. '' I pro- 
 pose," says he,'*' to deprive myself of my pocket-money up to 
 the conclusion of my education, that is to say, up to the first 
 of April, 1790, and to devote that money to beneficent pur- 
 poses. On the first of each month we will decide the use that 
 is to be made of it. I beg you to receive on this subject my 
 most sacred word of honour, that I should wish this to remain 
 a secret between ourselves ; but you know well, that all my se- 
 crets are, and always shall be, yours." When the Due de Char- 
 tres thus wrote and determined, he was barely sixteen years 
 old. 
 
 On attaining seventeea, his father, the Due d'Orleans, in- 
 
REVOLTTTION IN FRANCE, 1830. ^4 1 
 
 formed Madame de Genlis. that the education of the Due de 
 Chartres had terminated. His father was immensely rich, and 
 accordint^to a usage of the French court, the Due de Chartres 
 was provided with a separate establishment, and a large annual 
 allowance, as a Prince of the Blood Royal. It may be ima- 
 gined that now, being independent of control, he indulged in 
 pleasures usual to youth of high birth, and that, dazzled by the 
 attractions of a luxurious metropolis, and with the power of 
 enjoying its novelties and charms to excess, he lost sight and 
 shunned the presence of his former monitress. His course was 
 highly honourable to her and to himself. He had been taught 
 the importance, and now he realized the lesson, of self control. 
 The first use he made of his liberty was to acquaint Madame 
 de Genlis, that until he was eighteen years of age he should 
 visit her daily at Belle Chasse, to take his lessons as usual, and 
 he kept his word. 
 
 By the wish of Madame de Genlis, her exemplary pupil be- 
 came a member of the Philanthropic Society. In her presence 
 he was informed of a decree of the National Convention, an- 
 nulling the rights of elder brothers : he embraced his brother 
 the Due de Montpensier, w^hom he tenderly loved, and ex- 
 claimed, '* Ah, how dehghted I am !" 
 
 An earlier decree allowed colonels proprietors the option of 
 either quitting the service, or assuming active command, in 
 consideration of his high birth, the court had given two to 
 the Due de Chartres. He entered the national service by re- 
 taining one of the regiments, the I4th Dragoons, and in June, 
 1791, he joined it in garrison at Vendome. 
 
 Within a few days after taking the command of his regiment, 
 he had bathed .in the river, and was dressing on the shore, 
 .when one of the bathers was seized with a violent cramp,- and 
 cried for assistance ; the Duke instantly jumped into the water, 
 swam to. him, seized him by the hair, and at Hhe imminent 
 hazard of his own life brought him to the shore. The man 
 v/as a custom-house officer, and the next day he went to the 
 Duke's with his wife and children, and threw himself in grati- 
 tude at his feet The man w^as saved in the middle of the day, 
 in presence of many spectators, and the humanity and courage 
 of the Duke were rewarded with the solemn presentation of a 
 civic crown by the city. He enclosed a leaf of it in an affec- 
 tionate letter to Madame de Genlis, and warmly thanked her 
 for having made him learn to swim. '^ In fact," says Madame 
 de Genhs, when I sent him and his brothers to the swimming 
 school, I often told them that it was a branch of knowledge 
 
£42 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 they ought to acquire, both for themselves and for others. For 
 the same reason I taught them to bleed and to dress wounds. 
 During a whole winter I took them regularly to the Hotel Dieu, 
 to dress the wounds of the poor." Such an education as Ma- 
 dame de Genlis bestowed on the Due de Chartres and his bro- 
 thers is unknown to England. 
 
 About this time, the Due de Chartres, at the instigation of 
 his father, the Due d'Orleans, became a member of the Jacobin 
 club ; and at a meeting of the club in Vendome, on the 7th of 
 August, 1791, he acquiesced in the principles of the revolu- 
 tion, and laid on the table the decoration of the order of the 
 Holy Ghost, which he had been accustomed to wear. He was 
 then in his nineteenth year. That he had an enhghtened love 
 of liberty was manifested by signal humanity and respect for 
 order. A priest, who had refused to conform to the new con- 
 stitution, was accused by the infuriated populace of Vendome 
 with having derided the procession of a constitutional curate. 
 The Due de Chartres courageously interposed, and rescued th© 
 man at the moment he was about to perish under their brutal 
 rage. 
 
 The Duke marched with his regiment, and joined the army 
 of the north. His first military .achievements were under Ge- 
 neral Biron. He fought in the action of Quicoriun, on the 28th 
 of April, 1792, and in the action of Bossu the next day. As 
 mareschal de camp, under General Luckner, he commanded a 
 brigade of cavalry in the action before CourtTay. In July, his 
 brigade was detached, and served with the army, a 25,000 
 men, ordered to oppose the Duke of Brunswick and 80,000 
 Prussians. In the dilTerent engagements he was distinguished 
 by valour and penetration i He attained the rank of lieutenant- 
 general ; and on the 20th of September, commanded the se- 
 cond line of Kellerman's army at the battle of Valmy. His 
 obstinate defence of a mill in front of the village contributed 
 mainly to the success of the day. He was offered the post of 
 governor of Strasbourg, which he declined, because he must 
 have remained inactive. He joined the army of Flanders 
 under General Dumouriez, who entrusted him with the com- 
 mand of the second column. On the 5th of November he bi- 
 vouacked with his division on the heights of Jemappe, and, on 
 the following day, commanded the centre of Dumouri^z's 
 army in the decisive battle of Jemappe. He rallied a body of 
 troops which fled in the heat of the engagement, and led them 
 back to the charge ; his military abilities and persevering cou- 
 rage were mentioned with high praise by Duniouriez in his 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 243 
 
 despatches. On the 13th he headed the right wing of the 
 army at Anderlecht ; entered Brussels with Dumouriez the 
 next day ; and, on the 27th, was engaged for ten hours in the 
 attack and rout of the Austrian rear-guard at Varroux, which 
 put the French in possession of Liege. On these occasions, 
 his brothers also had commands. 
 
 in several other engagements the Due de Chartres com- 
 manded with distinction. In a memorial by Dumouriez against 
 the Due d'Orleans, he says, *' his sons have effectually served 
 their country in the armies I commanded, without displaying, 
 at any time, the least tinge of ambition. For the eldest of 
 them [the Due de Chartres] I entertain the highest friendship, 
 founded on the best merited esteem." 
 
 ^ After the execution of Louis XVL, Dumouriez, who had 
 desired to see order restored to France under a constitutional 
 monarchy, was unjustly suspected of designing to place the 
 Due d'Orleans on the throne ; and the National Convention 
 sent commissioners tOL arrest him. He seized the commis- 
 sioners, and sent them prisoners to the Austrians, and, to save 
 his own life, fled for protection within the Austrian lines. 
 About the same time, the brave Due de Chartres and his 
 brothers had been unjustly proscribed and declared outlaws, 
 and a decree for their arrest was issued by the National Con- 
 vention. Their crime was relationship to the late King. On 
 the 6th of April, 1793, the Due de Chartres escaped to Mons, 
 the head-quarters of the Prince of Saxe-Cobdurg. The Arch- 
 duke Charles offered him a Lieutenant-Generalship, the. com- 
 mand of a division in the Austrian service, and the honours 
 due to his birth. These prt)ffer3 he immediately declined ; 
 for he had resolved never to bear arms against his country : 
 the only favour he required or accepted was a passport. His 
 brothers were less fortunate. They were seized at Nice, and 
 rigorously confined at Marseilles. Their father, tha Due 
 d'Orleans, was dungeoned in the Conciergerie at Paris. Their 
 mother had long been separated from him, and lived se- 
 cluded. 
 
 While the brothers had been thua engaged and were thus 
 circumstanced, their sister, Mademoiselle d'Orleans, with whom 
 they had been reared, was taken charge of by Madame de 
 Genlis, and brought to England in October, 1791. The ladies 
 resided about three months at Bath ; several months at Bury 
 St. Edmunds, and made a tour through different parts of the ^ 
 kingdom, and on account of their connexion with the late 
 Duke, and their liberal sentiments, received many insults from 
 
244 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 the insolence of emigrants of the old Court of France. In 
 September, ITOS, the Convention issued a decree respecting 
 emigrants, which compelled Madame de Genlis, for the sake 
 of Mademoiselle d'Orleans, to return with her immediately to 
 Paris. On the following day, they were ordered to quit Paris, 
 within forty- eight hours, and France without delay. They 
 retired to Tournay, and from thence, on tfe reconquest *of 
 Flanders, to a temporary asylum at Zug, in Switzerland. 
 
 The Due de Chartres remained at Mons only twenty-four 
 hours, while his passport wss preparing, and with^ less than a 
 hundred louis-d'ors, b^ing the whole df his wealth, set out 
 for Sw itzerland, and joined his sister at Zug. The magistrates 
 of the town would not permit them to remain, and they with- 
 drew to Zurich, whence they were also expelled. From the 
 moment of the Duke's arrival in Switzerland, he was perse- 
 cuted by the aristocratical party there; and, knowing that 
 Robespierre would hold his relatives in France responsible 
 for his fliglit, he determined to disappear so completely that it 
 should be supposed he was no longer in existence. He there- 
 fore placed his sister in a convent, and afterward journeyed 
 on foot to the loftiest mountains of the Alps ; but, not daring 
 to show himself in places which are commonly the resort of 
 the curious, he pursued an interesting and wholly unknown 
 route. As he had left with his sister the little money which 
 be possessed, he passed four months of his retreat in extreme 
 penury and privation. On great days and holydays his expen- 
 diture, the cost of lodging and diet for himself and a faithful 
 valet, who could not be prevailed upon to quit him, amounted 
 to 30 sols. (Is. 3d.) ; but, being at length reduced to his last 
 louis, the Duke was obliged to relinquish his only servant. 
 
 No man, more than the Due de Chartres, preserved by firm 
 and prudent; demeanour the respect due to great misfortunes. 
 Persons, who in the flourishing state of the Orleans family 
 would have bent before him, had dared to treat him arrogantly. 
 He was now scarcely twenty years of age ; had commanded 
 in the field of battle, and shown the most impetuous and dis- 
 tinguished gallantry ; and at this age, wben reason' scarcely 
 begins to allay the heat of youthful blood, his firmness and 
 constancy were unalterable. He calmly suffered the severity 
 of his lot and harsh treatment without complaint, and without 
 even seeming to regard them as out of the ordinary course. 
 On the departure of his servant, which was about the end of 
 the year 1793, he heard of a vacancy in the professorship of 
 mathematics at Reichenau, a college of the Grisons, and, with 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCi3, 1830. 245 
 
 'Others, he became a candidate for it, under a borrowed name : 
 be satisfactorily replied to the questions of the examiners, and 
 obtained the appointment. The name he assumed was Corby. 
 He recollected it as belonging to a shoemaker in the Palais 
 Royal ; and it served to recall to his mind his beloved country, 
 and the palace of his ancestors. About this time Robespierre 
 succeeded in obtaining the death of the Due d'Orleans, and 
 consequently the Due de Chartres succeeded to his father'^ 
 title. 
 
 In the college of Riechenau the Due d'Orleans taught ma- 
 thematics in the German language, besides geography, history, 
 and the French and English languages ; and so won the affec- 
 tion of the pupils by his kindness, and the respect of the 
 masters by his intellectual attainments, that M. de Salis, who 
 had persecuted him as Due d'Orleans without having known 
 him personally, entertained great respect for the good sense 
 and merits of the young professor of Reichenau, whom he 
 knew only as M. Corby, and invited him to become the pre- 
 ceptor of his sons. The duke declined, and for eight months 
 he remained in his college, rising at four o'clock every morn- 
 ing, and fulfilling his duties with scrupulous punctuality and 
 care. The death of Robespierre, and a more moderate exer- 
 cise of power in the succeeding government, removing his 
 apprehensions for the safety of his mother and brothers, he re- 
 linquished his professorship, with an honourable certificate of 
 the services and abilities of M. Corby, from the authorities of 
 the college. The simplicity of his manners prevented the least 
 suspicion of his rank, and he vt/ithdrew to renew an affectionate 
 correspondence with a few friends, who furnished him with a 
 small sum of money. 
 
 He desired to go to America, but there were difficulties he 
 could not surmount, and he walked through several countries 
 in Europe. He economized and maintained his health by 
 travelling on foot, and in that manner, about the middle of 
 1794, arrived at Hamburg. From thence he went to Copen- 
 hagen, explored Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, and visited 
 the Mahlstrom, or Great Whirlpool, notwithstanding the dan- 
 gers besetting the approach. He penetrated to the North 
 Cape, and within thirteen degrees of the Pole, wandered in 
 Finland, and returned by the way of Sweden to Hamburgh. 
 On his route he had been recognised, and offered military 
 command, which he refused, in pursuance of his resolve never 
 to serve against France. His mind had expanded wijth his 
 studies in the college of the Grisons, was strengthened by self- 
 
 Y 
 
246 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 examination and reflection in solitude, and was elevated by the 
 sublime scenes of nature. Mixing with persons of all classes 
 and opinions, he gained such a knowledge of mankind as few 
 can attain. Perhaps such moral and physical acquirements 
 were never united in an individual of such station ; and cer- 
 tainly no individual of any station ever rose to such high moral 
 dignity without severe and long probation in adversity. 
 
 On the Due d'Orleans contemplating retirement to America, 
 it was with a view of enabling himself to procure the means 
 of existence. Some land in that country, which required 
 clearing, was offered to him by an American: in answering 
 the proposition he expressed himself in terms which beautifully 
 exemplify his character. He says, " I am heartily disposed to 
 labour for the acquisition of an independence. Misfortune has 
 smitten, but, thank God, it has not prostrated me. I am more 
 than happy that misfortunes in my youth prevented the forma- 
 tion of habits difficult to break through, and that prosperity 
 was snatched from me before I could either use or abuse it." 
 He that has dispositions and feelings like these may be injured, 
 but cannot be destroyed. A man that conquers himself is 
 tinsubduable by the evils of life : in his integrity he smiles 
 upon afflictions, as an able commander in an impregnable 
 fortress during an assault, and holds out against the combined 
 forces of the worhj. 
 
 From before the escape of the Duke of Orleans to Mons in 
 April 1793, and during his pedestrian wanderings, his brothers 
 remained in prison, frequently apprehensive of death from the 
 factions alternately ruHng in France. In 1796, while the Duke 
 was in concealment in the dutchy of Holstein, and his brothers 
 were in the fourth year of their imprisonment, he received a 
 letter from his mother, in which she earnestly expresses a hope 
 " that the prospect of relieving the misfortunes of his afflicted 
 mother and his unhappy family may induce his generous spirit 
 to contribute to the peace and security of his country." The 
 Dutchess had received intimation that the French Executive 
 Directory would liberate his brothers on condition that the 
 Duke of Orleans left Europe, and that his brothers followed his 
 example. This she informed him of, and his affectionate an- 
 swer to her letter was : — ^' When my dearest mother shall have 
 received this letter, her orders will have been executed — I shall 
 already have departed for America. I seem to be in a dream 
 when I think how soon I shall again embrace my brothers and 
 be reunited to them. I, who formerly imagined that our sepa- 
 ration was impossible. Think not, however, that in any thing 
 
REVOLUTION IN PRANCE, 1830. 247 
 
 I complain of my destiny. Oh, no ! T feel too sensibly how 
 much more frightful it might really be. I shall not even deem 
 it unfortunate, if, after being restored to my brothers, I learn 
 that my dear mother is also well and comfortable, and especially 
 if I may indulge the thought of contributing in any manner to 
 the tranquillity and happiness of France. For my country I 
 cannot feel any thing personal as a sacrifice; and, while I live, 
 there is none that I am not prepared to make her." He im- 
 mediately prepared to embark for America under the stipula- 
 tions of the Directory, and with their passport embarked at 
 Hamburgh for an asylum in the transatlantic world. 
 
 In October, 1796, the Duke of Orleans arrived at Philadel- 
 phia, where in the course of a few months he experienced the 
 pleasure of a most affectionate meeting with his brothers, the 
 Due de Montpensier and the Count de Beaujolais, on their 
 landing from France. They mutually resolved to part no 
 more, and arranged a mode of living together in mutual happi- 
 ness. They kept one servant, and, attended by him, made an 
 extensive tour, in which they visited General Washington, who 
 cordially and hospitably received and entertained them at Mount 
 Vernon. On parting from their venerably host, they penetrated 
 into the interior, went to the great lakes, traversed forests and 
 savannas, and spent much time in living among the native 
 Indians. On returning to Philadelphia, their residence in that 
 city was enlivened by intelligent society, until they set out for 
 New- York, whence they went to Massachusetts and other 
 states, leisurely sojourning in each, particularly at New- Or- 
 leans. They inquired into the institutions and government of 
 the union and the different states, observed their operation, and 
 acquainted themselves with the laws and constitution of Eng^ 
 land. While thus occupied, they learned that their mother, the 
 Dutchess of Orleans, had been forced into Spain. Anxiously 
 desiring to see her, they proceeded down the Ohio and the 
 Mississippi to the Havana, where the Duke of Orleans wrote 
 to the King of Spain for permission to pass into that kingdom 
 for the purpose of visiting her. After a tedious waiting of 
 eighteen months at the Havana, an answer was returned to the 
 application, and they embarked for the Isle of Providence, 
 whence they sailed in an English vessel for Halifax. On their 
 arrival they were kindly welcomed by the Duke of Kent, then 
 Governor of Nova Scotia. Here they spent some time, during 
 which the Duke of Kent entertained them handsomely, and 
 frequently and pressingly invited them to take up their resi* 
 
248 ANNALS OF THE' 
 
 dence in England. They returned to New-York, whence thef 
 mailed in a packet-boat for Falmouth. 
 
 In February, 1800, the Duke of Orleans with his brothers ar- 
 rived in London, and was formally introduced at the court of 
 St. James's. After a short stay, the Duke of Orleans made an 
 effort to see his mother, and sailed for a Spanish port, but in 
 consequence of the war he was not allowed to land, the ship 
 was ordered away, and he returned, smarting with disappoint- 
 ment, to England, The three brothers took up their residence 
 at Twickenham, and lived in retirement, frowned upon from 
 Hartwell, where Louis XYIL lived with the Count d'Artois 
 (afterward Charles X.), the Due d'Angouleme, and the rest of 
 the Bourbon family, in the midst of adherents to the old regime. 
 The independent spirit and the known liberal sentiments of 
 the Due d' Orleans and his brothers were not to be tolerated. 
 Neither of the brothers would accept a shilling from the En- 
 glish Government, and the Royalists at Hartwell were all in the 
 receipt of pensions — ^this was an additional offence — such an 
 offence as could only have been committed by those who loved 
 their country better than the *' right divine of kings to govern 
 wrong." Slights of this kind such culprits were well able to 
 bear, and they spent their time in mutual instructions and ra- 
 tional pleasures, without an inroad upon their happiness till the 
 health of the two younger brothers declined. The Duke de 
 Montpensier fell into a consumption, and to the inexpressible 
 grief of his brothers died in May, 1807. He was buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. This affliction increased certain symp- 
 toms of the same disease in the Count de Beaujolais. In the 
 following year he was advised to go to a milder climate, and 
 was attended to Malta by the Due d'Orleans, whose attentions 
 to him were unremitting and unavailing ; for he died a few days 
 after their landing. Thus bereaved, the Due d'Orleans left 
 Malta for Messina, and visited the court of Palermo. Thence 
 he went to Gibraltar, and thence returned to England. 
 
 The Duke's sister, Mademoiselle d'Orleans, whom in 179S 
 he had placed in a convent at Bremgarten, had removed to 
 the convent of Fribourg under the protection of her aunt the 
 Princess Conti. They afterward went to Bavaria, and into 
 Hungary, where Mademoiselle d'Orleans remained until the 
 Princess died. In 1802, her mother, the venerable Dutchess 
 of Orleans, then residing in Catalonia, wishing to see her once 
 more, sent a lady to conduct her from Presburg, and in the 
 month of March they joyfully met after a separation of many 
 years, and lived together at Figueras. In 1808 the French ia- 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 249 
 
 vaded Spain, suddenly bombarded Figuerag, and the ladies 
 were compelled to escape in the night, and seek shelter with 
 the Spaniards in arms. Information of their situation reached 
 the Dae d'Orleans. He arranged to convey them from the 
 scene of war. The Dutchess preferred to remain in Spain, but 
 sent her daughter to join the Duke. Mademoiselle d'Orleans, 
 expecting to find her brother at Malta, arrived there after his 
 departure ; she sought him at Gibraltar with like ill success ; 
 she then came to England, and missed him at London. Hast- 
 ening to Portsmouth she met with him just as he was about to 
 embark in an English frigate for the Mediterranean, and they 
 sailed together for Palermo. 
 
 At the former visit of the Due d'Orleans to the court of 
 Sicily, he had become attached to the Princess Amelia, daugh- 
 ter of Ferdinand IV., who had been educated by a lady of sin- 
 gular merit. This princess possessed many amiable qualities 
 and domestic qualifications, which she had exercised in a sea- 
 son of adversity, to the astonishment of most, and the admira- 
 tion of all, of the court ladies. In 1 798, on the invasion of the 
 French, she had been hastily driven from Italy, to take refuge 
 in Sicily with her brother, a child of six years, who perished 
 during the horrors of a tempestuous and dangerous voyage. 
 On her landing, nothing had been prepared, she was in distress 
 from the death of her brother — in a new residence — in a strange 
 country, with a iif ifling pittance. Notwithstanding rigid eco- 
 nomy, she endured many privations ; but the qualifications she 
 had derived from an excellent education her industry turned to 
 account, and she presetted herself from dependence. This 
 was the lady whom the Due d'Orleans esteemed, and she equally 
 esteemed him. It was on a visit to her that he embarked with 
 his sister. At Palermo the marriage between the duke and 
 the princess was settled. Besides his sister, he had but one 
 dear relative — his mother ; and he was anxious that both should 
 be present at the ceremony — the only ceremony in the world, 
 perhaps, that contributed to his happiness. He had commis- 
 sioned the Chevalier de Broval to arrange the means of con- 
 ducting his venerated parent from a Spanish port to the island 
 of Minorca ; and the Duke himself sailed to Port Mahon, and 
 conducted her to Palermo, where, for the first time in sixteen 
 years, the members of the Orleans family met together on the 
 25th of November, 1809, when the Duke's marriage was so- 
 lemnized. 
 
 In May, 1810, the regency of Cadiz sent a frigate with de- 
 spatches to the Due d'Orleans, requesting him to accept of a 
 
 Y2 
 
25Q ANNALS OF THE 
 
 military command in Catalonia. He went on board — landed 
 at Saragossa — was received with distinguished honours — viewed 
 the fortifications of the place — hastened to Cadiz — but the 
 commission he had been solicited to receive was withheld. 
 The government of Spain was divided by faction, and he re- 
 turned to Palermo in September, a few days after the birth of 
 his first son. Shortly afterward pohtical dissensions com- 
 menced in Sicily, and agitated the island for four years. In 
 these the duke took no part except to conciliate. During this 
 period he had another son and two daughters. 
 
 On the recall of Louis XVIII. to France, by the operations 
 of the combined army, the Due d'Orleans proceeded to Paris 
 alone, where he made a short stay, and then returned to Sicily 
 for his family. Shortly after their arrival, Louis XVIII. ap- 
 pointed him colonel-general of the Hussars. On the news of 
 Napoleon's landing from Elba, in March 1815, the king or- 
 dered the duke to Lyons ; but effectual resistance could not 
 be made in that quarter, and the duke hastened back to Paris. 
 On the 16th the king appointed him to command the army of 
 the North, with the Duke of Treviso (Mortier). The duke 
 adopted every possible means to secure the fidelity of the 
 troops to the royal cause. The king was at Lisle, in person. 
 It was his desire to make a stand there with the household 
 troops, and the force that could be obtained from the National 
 Guard, but all endeavour was fruitless, and to avoid capture 
 he hastened away. On the 24th, the Due d'Orleans followed 
 him. A French paper reports that, yhen the duke took leave^ 
 of his officers, he said to one of themj '' Go, and resume the 
 national cockade. I feel honoured by having worn it, and 
 would wish to wear it still." If he said this, it was in refer- 
 ence to his having served under the tri-colour early in the revo- 
 lution. On quitting Lisle he addressed the following letter to' 
 Mortier : — 
 
 " My dear Marshal, — I give up to you entirely the com- 
 mand which I have had the happiness of exercising conjointly 
 with you in the department of the North. I am too good a 
 Frenchman to sacrifice the interests of France because new 
 misfortunes compel me to quit it. I go to hide myself in re- 
 tirement and oblivion. It only remains for me to release you 
 from all the orders which I have given you, and to recommend 
 you to do what your excellent judgment and patriotism may 
 suggest as best for the interests of France. 
 
 ^< Louis PHiiipPE d'Okleans. 
 
REVOLUflON IN FIlANCE, 1830. £51 
 
 On this letter being shown to Napoleon, he turned to the 
 Duke de Bassano, and said, ^* See what the Duke of Orleans 
 has written to Mortier. This letter does him honour ; he 
 always had a French heart." 
 
 During the Hundred Days, the Due d'Orleans retired to 
 England ; and Louis XVIII. was again seated on the throne 
 of France. The Duke returned to Paris, but visited this 
 country afterward. In the summer of 1816 he was residing 
 at Twickenham and received a respectful invitation from the 
 Society for the relief of Distressed Schoolmasters to honour 
 their annual dinner in London with his company. He ad- 
 dressed an answer to the Treasurer of the Society, regretting 
 his inability to attend, enclosing a liberal donation for the cha- 
 rity, and adding, " that among the motives which made him feel 
 an attachment to school-masters was that of having been him- 
 self once a member of the profession. It was one of the 
 many vicissitudes which had fallen to his lot, that, at a period 
 of severe distress and persecution, he had good luck of being 
 admitted as teacher in a college, where he gave lessons re- 
 gularly for the space of eight months. He hoped, therefore, 
 that the Society for distressed Schoolmasters would permit him 
 to tender his mite as a fellow-schoolmaster." It is affirnoed that 
 some prophecies have a double sense. Mr. Brougham's me- 
 morable saying, " the Schoolmaster is abroad," and his views 
 of what the Schoolmaster was capable of effecting were in one 
 sense almost prophetic. The Due d'Orleans, of ancient royal 
 ancestry, and affianced to royalty — with the blood of Henry the 
 Great running in his veins — with a landed income far greater 
 than the richest in France to support his title — voluntarily fell into 
 the ranks of a Society of Schoolmasters, and called himself '* a 
 fellow Schoolmaster." True, indeed, it is, figuratively, that " the 
 schoolmaster is abroad ;" and that, figuratively and literally, "the 
 schoolmaster is enthroned," and teaching nations how to live. 
 
 It happened that, in the same year, 1816, during the absence 
 of the late Duke of Kent at Brussels, his birth-day, November 
 2, was celebrated by a splendid public festival, at Fishmongers* 
 Hall, and the Due d'Orleans, as a personal and warmly-attached 
 friend of the Duke of Kent, was one of the numerous guests. 
 On giving the health of the royal visiter, the Lord Mayor, as 
 chairman, particularly congratulated him on many circum- 
 stances connected with his residence in England. The Due 
 d'Orleans returned thanks in a brief but elegant address, de- 
 livered with peculiar fluency and force. He had been engaged, 
 he said, as was flatteringly observed by the Lord Mayor, in 
 
25f ANNALS OF THE 
 
 rearing his infant family in this country, and the best acknow* 
 ledgment he could make, in return for the many kindnesses he 
 had received here, was the assurance that, in his parental in- 
 structions, he should ever inculcate in the minds of his chil- 
 dren the purest principles of the British constitution, and an 
 endearing attachment to its institutions and liberties. There 
 existed a warm friendship between the Due d'Orleans and the 
 late Duke of Kent, who a short time before his death wrote a 
 letter with this passage : — '^ the Due d'Orleans is my particular 
 friend, and I consider him, without a single exception, as one 
 of the most judicious and sensible men that I ever knew, or 
 can ever hope to know, lie is perfectly well disposed ; but 
 has many illiberal enemies among those who, with most cruel 
 injustice, visit upon him their just hatred of the father." 
 
 Paul Courier, vine dresser, a French writer, distinguished 
 for talent and honoured for honesty, two qualities seldom com- 
 bined, in a letter printed in 1822, says : — 
 
 '' I love the Duke of Orleans, because, although born a 
 prince, he deifjned to become a man. He never made any pro- 
 mise to me ; but, had the occasion occurred, I would have 
 trusted in him, and, the compact once made, I think he would 
 have adhered to it without deception, without deliberating 
 about it with gentlemen, or consulting Jesuits on the subject. 
 My reason for thinking so is this :■ — He is of our own time — 
 this age, not of another ; and has seen little of what we call 
 the ancient r^egime. He fought in our ranks, and therefore is 
 not afraid of interior officers. He afterward became an emi- 
 grant, contrary to his wish ; but he never made war against us, 
 knowing too well what was due to his native soil, and that one 
 cannot be in the right against one's country. He was aware 
 of that and many other things which are not to be learned in 
 the rank to which he belonged. Fortune willed that he should 
 descend from that rank, and while young live like ourselves. 
 In France he fought our common enemies ; out of France he 
 laboured for his daily bread. It cannot be said of him that 
 > he has forgot nothing, and learned nothing.' Among for- 
 eigners his business was instruction, not asking alms. He 
 did not urge Pitt nor implore Cobourg to avenge the cause 
 of aristocracy by ravaging our plains and burning our vil- 
 lages. Since his return he has not founded masses and semi- 
 naries, nor endowed convents, at our expense ; but, respectable 
 in his conduct and in his morals, he has given an example 
 which preaches better than the missionaries. Tn a word, he is 
 a good man. For my part, I wish that all princes were like 
 
HEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 18S0. 253 
 
 him : none of them would lose by that, and we should be 
 gainers. If he should ever govern he will put many things in 
 order, not merely by the prudence which he may possess, but by 
 another virtue not less considerable, but too little celebrated — 
 I mean his economy ; a citizen-like quality, if you will, which 
 the court abhors in a prince, but which is so valuable, so ex- 
 cellent, for us tax-payers. What do I say ? — so divine, that 
 with it I would almost quit him for every other quality. 
 While I speak of him in this way, it is not because I know 
 him better than you ; nay, perhaps I do not know him so wellj 
 having never seen him. I know only what is said ; but the 
 public is not stupid, and can judge princes, for they live in 
 public. Neither is it because I am his partizan, for I have 
 never been of any man's party, I do not follow any one ; for 
 I do not seek my fortune in revolutions and counter-revolutions, 
 which always turn to the profit of some folks. Born one of 
 the people, I remain in my place by choice ; and, were I 
 obliged to choose, I should still be of the party of the people-— 
 of the peasants like myself." 
 
 When the Duo d'Orleans settled in France, after the Hun- 
 dred Days, he quietly retired within his domestic circle. His 
 children have been educated with the care which it may be 
 imagined such parents would affectionately bestow on the off- 
 spring of their affection. Their mother, in every sense an 
 excellent woman, has found constant employment in the regu- 
 lation of her household, and in the education and management 
 of her daughters. It is a happy family, characterized by a 
 simplicity of manners inexplicable to people of fashion. 
 
 The chief estate of the Due d'Orleans is the Palais Royal, 
 so called from Louis XIII. and the Queen regent, with th@ 
 Royal Family, having taken up their residence there in 1643. 
 It was originally commenced in 16^9 by the Cardinal Riche- 
 lieu as a mere hotel, but by his enlargements it at length as- 
 sumed the name of the Palais Cardinal. It was presented by 
 him to Louis XIII. , who formed the Place du Palais Royal in 
 front of it to afford apartments to Louis XIV. He, on com- 
 ing to the throne, increased the Palais Royal in size, and gave 
 it to Philippe of Orleans, Due de Chartres, upon his marriage 
 with Marie Fran^oise de Bourbon. It was afterward suc- 
 cessively modified, rebuilt, and embellished. In the former 
 revolution it was called the Palais EgaHte, and after the death 
 of the late Due d'Orleans was converted into caf6s, ball-rooms, 
 and places for gambling. In 1795 a military commission was 
 established here, and it was the residence of the president an«J 
 
^54 ANNALS OF THE 
 
 other officers: it was then called the Palais du Tribunat. On 
 the return of Louis XVIIf ., in 1814, the present Dae d'Orleans 
 furnished it for his own residence. Daring the Hundred Days 
 Lucien Buonaparte established himself in the Palais Royal 
 and received the ministers and grand dignitaries of Napoleon, 
 On the return of the King, the Due d'Orleans resumed pos- 
 session of the Palais Royal. The Duke's principal business 
 and recreation in Paris have consisted in altering and improv- 
 ing this edifice, and in planting and adorning the gardens : 
 his works of this kind have enabled him to give daily employ- 
 ment to upwards of 500 persons. He has been a judicious 
 promoter of art, and contributed largely to the diffusion of 
 useful knowledge and enlightened opinions. 
 
 Since the Due d'Orleans finally settled in France, he has 
 appeared very little in public affairs, and was seldom heard of 
 but through the revilings of courtiers. The breaker of the 
 prisoner's cage at St. Michael's, the proscribed and exiled of 
 his country, the pennyless wanderer in the high Alps, the teacher 
 of the mathematics in the Grisons, the pedestrian traveller 
 to the North Pole, the traverser of the American wilds, 
 the observer of the people of despotic and free states, the stu- 
 dent of the laws and usages of nations, the valiant warrior, the 
 accomplished scholar, the lover of truth, the practical philoso- 
 pher, the friend of Washington and Lafayette, knew all that 
 passed, and said nothing. The cherished advisers of the living 
 representative of divine right on the throne of France were emi- 
 nent intriguers and fanatic priests, hoary in ignorance and su- 
 perstition — believers in few things credible and in all things 
 incredible, — confirmed disbelievers of " facts and revolutions,'* 
 which they knew of and had witnessed. By them and by their 
 master the opinions of the Due d'Orleans were derided, and 
 his advice scorned. H^ad he lifted his voice aloud he would 
 have excited their imperishable hate, and perhaps fallen a vic- 
 tim to precautionary malice. He could not be the counsellor 
 of him who counselled only with fools and flatterers, and he 
 would not be the instigator of the people. He knew that the 
 ripening of knowledge was not to be hastened, and that until 
 ripened it would not work its perfect work. Wisely, therefore, 
 he had calmly observed in silence the march of events which 
 commenced with the principles that he grew up with, and with 
 which he knew the procession would terminate. To ac- 
 knowledge these principles was not etiquette at court. They 
 had demanded introduction and were refused. The people 
 determined to stay the plague of legitimacy — the principles 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. ^65 
 
 burst in — Charles X. bowed, and fell before them, as Dagon 
 fell before the ark — and the schoolmaster of the Grisons be- 
 came King of the French. An old courtier eagerly knelt to kiss 
 his hands ; Louis Philippe I., with the tri-colour on his heart, 
 drew back, ^' We shall have done with this !" he said, and of- 
 fered his hand for a friendly shake ; the courtier drew back in rec- 
 tum; '^ By the holy bottle of the holy oil of Rheims," exclaimed 
 the terrified ex-minion, " this is not a Kingr^ 
 
FUIiL ACCOUNT 
 
 CEIiEBRATION 
 
 REVOIiFTIOSr IN FRAXCE^ 
 
 CITY OF NEW-YORK, 
 
 ON THE 25th NOVEMBER, 1830: 
 
 BEING THE FORTY-SEVENTH ANNIVERSARY OF AN EVENT THAT 
 
 RESTORED OUR CITIZENS TO THEIR HOMES 
 
 AND TO THE ENJOYMENT 
 
 OP 
 
 THEIR RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES, 
 
 BY 
 
 MYER MOSES. 
 
J 
 
REMARKS. 
 
 If there be any event calculated to excite the noblest feelings 
 of our nature^, it is that of a great nation successfully contending 
 against tyranny and oppression. The struggles and sufferings 
 of the Greeks in the cause of freedom, elicited our warmest 
 sympathy. Their emancipation from Turkish slavery was 
 hailed by us with a generous enthusiasm, commensurate only 
 to the subsequent disappointment occasioned by the annihilation 
 of the hopes we had formed of the estabhshment of freedom 
 upon the ruins of despotism, in that land where a republic had 
 once so gloriously flourished. The crowned despots, who, under 
 the guise of humanity, interposed between the heroic Greeks 
 and their Moslem oppressors, willed it otherwise ; and the de- 
 scendants of Lycurgus and of Aristides, of Xenophon and of 
 Pericles, read their destiny in the fetters which they are doomed 
 to wear, as the vassals of some crowned despot. 
 
 The recent glorious and unprecedented revolution in France^ 
 which the world beholds with amazement, and regards with ad- 
 miration, presents to us a picture of a more cheering descrip- 
 tion. We behold a great nation majestically resume its rights, 
 and severing in a moment the chains which a vile despotism 
 attempted to fasten upon it. Tyranny, resistance, and vic- 
 tory followed in a space so brief, as to seem the effect of mi- 
 racle. The revolution was efffected : its consequences will be 
 felt by all nations, and extended to future ages. No individual 
 can claim the merit of having originated it. Austerlitz had 
 its Napoleon — Waterloo had its Wellington ; but the victory of 
 Paris belongs alone to its heroic people. It has been achieved 
 by the people, and for the people ; and to them attaches an 
 unrivalled glory, whose brightness shall serve as a guiding 
 light to the world, until nations cease to exist. 
 
 During the twenty-five years which the Bourbons had been 
 exiled (a period of regeneration and grandeur for France), 
 the condition of society and government had been changed : 
 the principles of equality had been introduced into the former, 
 and that of liberty into the latter. Restored in 1814 by the 
 enemies of vanquished France — the armies of all Europe com- 
 bined — the Bourbons were incapable of appreciating those 
 
4 GELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 institutions, which had rendered France enlightened and great?,, 
 and which had cost oceans of blood, and millions of treasure^ 
 to establish. Their first essay at innovation was to proscribe 
 that flag whose variegated colours had, during one quarter 
 of a century, shed a lustre over France, and led her sons |p 
 victory and to glory. As a substitute, they displayed that 
 standard which had been so often covered by defeat and dis- 
 grace. They at once showed themselves to be the dynasty 
 of the priests and emigrants, and surrendered to their crea- 
 tures the government, and all else that belonged to, and was^ 
 dear to the people. It was impossible that liberal and enlight- 
 ened France could long endure such a state of things. Be- 
 tween the nation changed by the revolution, and the dynasty 
 of the Bourbons, there existed an incompatibility which placed 
 ♦ reconciliation out of the question ; a contest between the 
 two flags, the white and the tri-coloured — between the two 
 principles, despotism and liberty — between the emigrants and 
 the mass of the nation, was unavoidable. It was necessary 
 that the Bourbons should vanquish and enslave France for 
 ever, or that France^ by a bold and determined blow, should 
 exterminate the Bourbons from the land which they had dis- 
 graced. That great question has been decided : mistaking 
 the moderation of the people for weakness, their patience 
 for fear, the oppressors heaped wrong upon wrong, until the 
 eup was filled to overflowing. The fire was now to kindle : 
 the blaze was lighted by the heroic Parisians^ and the three 
 days of their brilliant illumination soon spread throughout re- 
 generated France. The king of France '* by the grace of 
 God," whose misrule had made him and his royal house exiles 
 for ever from the land of their fathers, had ceased to govern ; 
 and the people, who had conquered for themselves, were fully 
 competent to reflect, and to decide for themselves. France^ 
 beautiful France, now happy and free, illustrates the power 
 vested in the majesty of the people. 
 
 It is not difficult to foretel the consequences which must 
 result from this glorious event. A revolution in France is a 
 revolution in Europe — her position constitutes her a centre of 
 motion, and the slightest agitation which affects her, causes a 
 vibration through every other part of the world. Belgium has 
 already manifested its influence, in the successful accomplish- 
 ment of her freedom and independence. A few noble and 
 patriotic souls have raised the shout of liberty in the now 
 gloomy regions of Spain and Portugal, which will reverberate 
 triumphantly through their vine-cls^d mountain.^ aijcl festije valf 
 
UEVOLUTION IN TRANCE, 1830. B 
 
 leys. Prussia will feel its effects in Poland, and in its own do* 
 minions. Austria trembles for its consequences in Italy and 
 Germany ; and even in Great Britain the cause of reform will 
 be advanced by it, in a manner the most effectual. Russia^ 
 remote as she is, with her extensive territory, her millions of 
 population, her vassals^ her lords, and her absolute government, 
 swayed with a despot's power, yet has had scattered within 
 her dominions sparks of the great fire wafted from revolution- 
 ary France ; they will not become extinguished — some patriot 
 hand will J^eep them alive. 
 
 In our own happy country, the sympathy which it has ex- 
 cited has been general and overwhelming. Statesmen, orators, 
 poets, all contend in amicable rivalry for the honour of be- 
 coming its eulogists. The gallant veteran of our own glo- 
 rious revolution, animated by the triumph of our ancient 
 ally, grows young again in the recollection of his former 
 achievements ; with honest exultation he beholds his com- 
 patriot and fellow-soldier, the great and gallant Lafayette, by 
 the unanimous acclamation of his chivalric countrymen, ex- 
 alted to that distinguished situation to which his godlike devo- 
 tion in the sacred cause of liberty so pre-eminently entitles 
 him. Our yeomanry, the zealous advocates of liberty, the de- 
 fenders of the oppressed and persecuted of the regions of the 
 earth, the legitimate possessors of feelings and principles by 
 the right of heritage from patriot fathers ; freemen, not be- 
 cause they are the offspring of the Republic^ but because they 
 are noble in mind and exalted m character — because they look 
 far beyond their own happy country, and rejoice or regret as 
 their fellow-man becomes unfettered of the chains of tyranny, 
 or sinks the devoted victim of the oppressor's wrongs : — with 
 such a race of men, how boundless the sympathy, how im- 
 measurable the excitement in all that relates to France and to 
 Frenchmen ; to that beautiful land that rose from the ruins 
 and devastation of long-protracted wars, and that replaced 
 what the invader's band had despoiled, with a brilliancy and 
 lustre that bedazzled the admiring world — to that nation of 
 men, identified for the last forty years with all the great poli- 
 tical events of the world, and with the most glorious and war- 
 like achievements that the annals of history can produce ; look- 
 ing back to the battle of Jemmapes, tracing the long chain of 
 brilliant victories, and at last resting the finger upon that link 
 which points to Lutsen and Bautzen, These men, and the 
 sons of these men, liave, for themselves and for posterity, broken 
 the sceptre of despotism : they now stand in the erect and 
 
 1* 
 
6 CELKBR ATIOI^f OF THl ■ 
 
 noble position of man. What their magnanimity claimed frotH' 
 us, they have — our sympathies, our rejoicings. For their hap- 
 piness and prosperity we offer up our wishes, our hopes, and our 
 desires. For the perpetuity of their institutions based upon 
 liberal principles, a solemn invocation to Almighty God. 
 
 One other cause existed ; one other motive influenced ; one 
 other feeling excited and pervaded all ranks of the people 
 of this country — the good, the virtuous, the patriotic Lafayette. 
 As in '' 1776" so was he found in '' 1789 ;" as in " '89" so 
 was he to be approached in ^' 1830," — the firm, undeviating 
 advocate of the rights of man. Was this not enough to make 
 proud his fellow-citizens of this Republic, to raise the smile 
 of approbation upon the furrowed cheek of his veteran asso- 
 ciate, to rouse a spirit of exultation in their sons, to spread a 
 great glory and rejoicing, and to proclaim from the mountain's 
 top, and from the recess of the valley that our own Lafayette 
 — he, true to the principles that moved him to action in early 
 youth — sought the standard of freedom, fought and conquered 
 under it, and returning home triumphant, he gave to his 
 native France his love, but to liberty his devotion. Firm and 
 consistent, for forty years he has braved the storms of revolu- 
 tion. The advocate of Liberty, he rallied around her banner, 
 and was alone impelled by her destinies. Now, in green old 
 age, he stands in his regenerated land, as his and our dear 
 Washington did in ours, ^' First in war, first in peace, and firsfe 
 in the hearts of his countrymen." 
 
 PRIMARY MEETING, 
 
 Held at Westchester House, Oct. 6th, 1830, by the Working: 
 Men of the city of New-York, to take into consideration the 
 propriety of celebrating the late glorious Rfwolution in France 
 
 The meeting being organized, the following resolutions were 
 submitted by Mr. Robert Walker, and unanimously adopted: — 
 
 Resolved, That this meeting cannot but express their admi- 
 ration and esteem for the brave and magnanimous daring of 
 their brother mechanics and working men of Paris, who, rising 
 in their strength, regardless of consequences to themselves, nobly 
 burst asunder the chains which an ignorant and bigoted aris- 
 tocracy had forged to subvert the rights and liberties of France. 
 
 Animated by a desire of discharging the debt of gratitude- 
 which every friend of freedom feels himself under to thes©^ 
 noble heroes, be it 
 
9th 
 
 <; 
 
 John Alwaise. 
 
 10th 
 
 a 
 
 Eben'r. Whiting. 
 
 11th 
 
 u 
 
 James Wheeler. 
 
 12th 
 
 6i 
 
 Thomas Cooper. 
 
 13th 
 
 6i 
 
 Robert Hogbin. 
 
 14th 
 
 a 
 
 Andrew Jackson 
 
 liEt^OLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 7 
 
 Resolved, That a Committee of one from each Ward be ap- 
 pointed to prepare an address and call a public meeting for the 
 purpose of congratulating (to use the words of that veteran of 
 liberty, Lafayette) '* the glorious Parisian population," on the 
 happy result of their noble devotion and sacrifices to the cause 
 of the liberties of mankind. 
 
 In accordance with the last resolution, the following persons 
 were named : 
 
 1st Ward, Willoughby Lynde. TUh Ward, Geo. H. Evans. 
 2d " John Ditchett. 
 3d '' Joel Curtis. 
 4th '* George Anderson. 
 5th *' Robert Walker. 
 6th " Henry Durell. 
 7th " David Byng. 
 
 Resolved, That Mr. Paul M. P. Durando be added to the 
 committee. 
 
 Resolved, That this meeting adjourn. 
 
 JOSEPH PERKINS, Chairman. 
 
 Edw. C. Cooper, Secretary. 
 
 It was contemplated to have convened the above committee 
 on the evening of the 8th, but the fast approaching period of 
 the elections throughout the state, and the general excitement 
 that prevailed with all the conflicting parties, induced the com- 
 mittee to defer any farther arrangements, until that period, 
 when all parties having exercised their right of active exertion 
 and their right of suffrage, should be restored to that calm of 
 feeling, which always in our happy country succeeds the storm 
 of political contest ; accordingly, no measures in advance of 
 the grateful object contemplated were adopted until therneet- 
 ingheld at Westchester House, November 8th, 1830^ 
 
 CELEBRATION OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. 
 
 At a meeting of the Committee of Mechanics and Working 
 Men, appointed by a public meeting of their fellow-citizens,, 
 held at the Westchester House, Bowery, Nov. 8, 1830, in the 
 absence of the chairman, Mr. Robert Walker was called to 
 the chair, and John Alwaise appointed Secretary ; the sub- 
 jpined resolution was adopted. 
 
 Resolved, that in order to render the coiatemplated' eele 
 
CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 bration more effective, and to divest it of all party feeling, the 
 committee increase their numbers, by adding to the list the 
 names of the following citizens. 
 
 Willoughby Lynde 
 John Ditchett 
 Joel Curtis 
 George Anderson 
 Robert Walker 
 
 ORIGINAL COMMITTEE. 
 
 Henry Durell 
 David Byng 
 George H. Evans 
 John Alwaise 
 Ebenezer Whitinof 
 
 James Wheeler 
 Thos. Cooper 
 Robert Hogbin 
 Andrew Jackson 
 R M. P. Durando 
 
 Walter Bowne 
 Thos. Hertell 
 M. M. Noah 
 H. C. Stinemets 
 George D. Strong 
 Joseph Dreyfous 
 John B. Cazeaux 
 Henry Riell 
 Joel P. White 
 Billings Hayward 
 R. C. M'Cormick 
 George Deloines 
 
 A. Brunei 
 Fulgence Chegary 
 John Bruce 
 
 • — — - Chevrolat 
 Peter Mondon 
 James R. Page 
 Addison Hill 
 C. B. Marshall 
 John Haggerty 
 John P. White 
 Joseph Perkins 
 John Remick 
 Russel White 
 Jonathan Osborn 
 
 B. J. Meserole 
 J. M. Jaquelin 
 General Morton 
 Elisha W. King 
 
 P. C. M. Andrews 
 Francis Pares 
 
 ADDITIONAL NAMES. 
 
 Gen. Lamb 
 N. Schureman 
 George Seaman 
 Henry S. Watson 
 Henry Durell 
 W. W. Russell 
 George Gorum 
 Seth Geer 
 Azariah Ross 
 Wm. P. Hallett 
 Gideon Tucker 
 Campbell P. White 
 Henry W. Titus 
 Jona. Thompson 
 Daniel Gorham 
 Francis Kain 
 John Holly 
 Charles Mills 
 G. C. Verplanck 
 Wm. H. Bunn 
 John Swain 
 Francis Cutting 
 C. C. Cambreleng 
 John Ferguson, Na- 
 val Officer 
 George C. Morgan 
 Wm. Froment 
 John Lang 
 Archibald Tappan 
 John L Mumford 
 Alex. Brady 
 Col. G. P. Morris 
 
 G. C. Verplanck 
 T. M. W. Young 
 Jona. Thompson 
 O. W. M. Price 
 
 Peter Stagg 
 Isaac Webb 
 John Webb 
 Geo. W. Niven 
 Isaac Smith 
 Joseph C. Hart 
 
 Vouthier 
 
 Louis Gayot 
 Dr. J. Dekay 
 Clarkson. Crolius 
 Henry Hone 
 David Austin 
 Albert Gallatin 
 James Monroe 
 S. L. Gouverneur 
 Thomas H. Green 
 Capt. Monroe 
 Ebenezer Ford 
 E. J. Webb 
 John Eastmond 
 Thos. H. Legget 
 E. McGaraghan 
 Charles O'Conner 
 Cass. Childs 
 Henry S. Meeks 
 FitzG. Hallock 
 Alfred S. Pell 
 C, Darbefeuille 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 
 
 9 
 
 Barnabas Bates 
 Wm. Jas. M'Neven 
 Jacob Perkins 
 Paul Grout 
 E. Bijota 
 James Palmer 
 James W. Webb 
 Daniel Jackson 
 Israel Pinckney 
 S. T. McKinney 
 Reuben Withers 
 Jas. G. Bennet 
 Philip Hone 
 Danl. Ward 
 Jonathan Marshall 
 James A. Robinson 
 John Robinson 
 George Bruce 
 John Hillyer 
 Wm. Leavins 
 Thos. Tate 
 Wm. Kelly 
 Fred. S. Cozzens 
 John Y. Cebra 
 P. Pitou" 
 Henry McKee 
 N. Darling 
 D. C.Pell 
 Robert Emmett 
 Oliver M. Lowndes 
 H. L. Glen 
 Levi F. Prescott 
 John Dean 
 John Paterson 
 M. Van Schaick 
 John Frazee 
 Wm. H. Ball 
 Peter King 
 George W. Arnold 
 S. Sherlette 
 J. PL Potts 
 Henry Eckford 
 James Shaw 
 Wm. S. Coe 
 
 Anthony Haff 
 Wm. H. Peck 
 Mordecai Myers 
 E. C. Coopet 
 J. J. Cameron 
 Thomas Wills 
 John F. Sibell 
 Saml. Swartwout 
 Joseph Baggot 
 Adam Thompson 
 John L. Graham 
 James Morgan 
 Elijah F. Purdy 
 J. W. Barney 
 Col. Murray 
 Col. N. F. Arnold 
 Charles Wilkes 
 Isaac Wright 
 D. Crassous 
 John Harris 
 Simon Clannon 
 John Fowler 
 Cornelius McLean 
 John Morrison 
 Joseph Hunt 
 Preserved Fish 
 Elisha Tibbitts 
 Charles Egleson 
 Isaac Pierce 
 Gen. Doughty 
 John L. Graham 
 Hugh Maxwell 
 Gen. Manley 
 Andrew Wilson 
 David Rogers 
 Dudley Selden 
 George Curtis 
 Silas M. Stillwell 
 John M. Bloodgood 
 Gen. Spicer 
 David M'Gee 
 Samuel Lloyd 
 Joseph Durell 
 Wm. Geib 
 
 Joseph Perkins 
 Jacob Wyckoflf 
 Nicholas Dean 
 Richard Riker 
 Henry Crevolin 
 Dennis McCarthy 
 Edward M'Ginni© 
 Gen. Muir 
 Robert M'Queen 
 John Lozier 
 John Latham 
 Oliver White 
 Abm. Kershaw 
 Jacob Lorillard 
 Gideon Lee 
 David Bryson 
 Thos. W. Harper 
 Com. Chauncey 
 W. Seaman 
 Col. Trumbull 
 Henry Egbert 
 Rembrandt Peale 
 Judge Oakley 
 Benjamin Bailey 
 Asher Martin 
 Peter Young 
 Timothy Woodruff 
 Thos. Snowden 
 John R. Peters 
 Doctor Pascalis 
 Doct. Peixotto 
 Duncan Phyfe 
 Col. Alexr. Ming, jr. 
 W. B. Townsend 
 Michael Burnham 
 Amos Butler 
 Myer Moses 
 Mr. Stanislaus 
 Mr. Denman (Editor 
 
 Truth Teller) 
 Wm, Marshall 
 Jeremiah Dodge 
 Peter Pinckney 
 J. W. Walker 
 
10 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 David Ramsay Maturin Livingston Elias Wade, Jr. 
 
 S. Van Rensselaer Col. Varick Isaac Cross 
 
 Morgan Lewis Abm. Martling Nicholas C. Everett 
 
 Nicholas Fish Ogden Hoffman Thomas Whale 
 
 Wm. W. Gilbert Col. Charles King Doct. Kipp 
 Comfort Sands Col. diaries Mapes A. Le Foy 
 
 Dr. McCormick Lt 'v., of the Navy Amos Palmer 
 Governor Yates J i lesca John Wallis 
 
 Gen. Coates C ^. iojims, Jr. Joseph Mount 
 
 J. Sands (Brooklyn) 
 
 On motion, E.esolved, that the recent triumph of Liberty in 
 France be celebrated in this city, on the 26th inst. 
 
 On motion, Resolved, that this committee adjourn, to meet 
 on Friday evening next, Nov. 12, at 7 o'clock, at Tammany 
 Hall, and that the above named citizens consider themselves 
 members of the committee, and as such are respectfully invited 
 to attend. 
 
 On motion. Resolved, that the daily and weekly papers in 
 this city be requested to publish the foregoing proceedings 
 including the list of names. 
 
 ROBERT WALKER, Chairman. 
 John Alwaise, Secretary. 
 
 At a subsequent meeting of the original Committee, it was 
 resolved that the Hon. James Monroe be requested to act as 
 President of the meeting to be held at Tammany Hall on the 
 12th in;^tant ; and the Hon. Walter Bowne, and Judge Herttell, 
 were Appointed a committee to address him upon the subject. 
 The following correspondence took place upon this interesting 
 occasion. 
 
 New-Yokk, Nov. 12th, 1830. 
 
 The Committee of Mechanics and Working Men, and other 
 citizens of New-York, appointed by a public meeting held at 
 the Westchester House on the 8th inst. to make arrangements 
 to celebrate the recent glorious triumph of Liberty in France, 
 respectfully invite Col. Monroe, late President of the United 
 States, to preside at the meeting to be held this evening at 
 Tammany Hall, to adopt measures to celebrate the great event 
 in a suitable manner. 
 
 The Committee, in making this request of their venerable 
 and highly esteemed fellow- citizen, are fully aware of the truth, 
 and duly appreciate the facts, that the earliest efforts of his 
 youth — the energies of his manhood, and the decline of life^ 
 
REVOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1830. 11 
 
 have been marked both in the cabinet and the field, with a con- 
 stant and untiring zeal in the cause of liberty and free princi- 
 ples. — Though the late signal overthrow of despotic misrule 
 and oppression in France cannot but be interesting to all the 
 friends of civil and religious liberty throughout the world, it 
 must be peculiarly gratifying to a veteran and companion in 
 arms of our great and good fellow-citizen, the venerable La 
 Fayette. 
 
 The Committee therefore hope that the health of Colonel 
 Monroe will enable him to indulge his fellow-citizens with his 
 presence at the meeting this evening, to preside over their de- 
 liberations. 
 
 In behalf of the Committee. 
 
 WALTER BOVVNE. 
 
 THOMAS HERTTELL. 
 Col. James Monroe, late President of the United States. 
 
 New- York, Nov. 12th, 1830. 
 
 I have received your invitation to attend the meeting, to be 
 held this evening at Tammany Hall, of the Mechanics, Work- 
 ing-Men, and other citizens of New-York, to celebrate the late 
 glorious revolution in France, in favour of liberty, with the 
 sensibility which so generous a mark of your confidence was 
 calculated to excite. 
 
 An effort in favour of liberty, by the people of any country, 
 has always commanded my high respect, and its failure excited 
 my deep regret. This remark applies with peculiar force to 
 France, from whom we derived great aid in our revolutionary 
 contest. Having witnessed for several years, in my mission to 
 that country, the exertions of that people in support of that 
 great cause, in which they displayed a gallantry and patriotism, 
 which repulsed the surrounding nations, and astonished the 
 civilized world, I could not otherwise than be deeply affected 
 by its failure. 1 have rejoiced to find, that the most afflicting 
 disaster did not extinguish, nor even diminish the spirit, as has 
 been proved by the recent most glorious event. The modera- 
 tion and humanity which they have displayed, show that they 
 have derived useful admonition from the errors of their former 
 struggle. The prudence, also, with which they have adopted 
 the council of virtuous and enlightened men, to whom they have 
 committed the direction of affairs, affords an additional strong 
 ground on v/hich to confide in their success. 
 
 Having seen in our revolutionary struggle, the most satisfac- 
 tory proofs of the talent, virtue, and gallantry of our feilow-citi- 
 
12 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 zen, General La Fayette, and been closely connected with 
 him and his affairs, in my missions to France, in which his de- 
 votion to liberty, and every previous impression in his favour, 
 were confirmed, I have seen with delight, his call by the nation 
 to the station which he now holds, because I find in it a gene- 
 rous reward of bis merit, and great support from his councils, 
 to the cause in which France is engaged. 
 
 It is my intention to attend your meeting, if my health will 
 permit, and I shall do it, delicate as it is, if no unfavourable 
 change occurs. 
 
 JAMES MONROE. 
 
 Walter Bowne, Thomas Herttell, Esqs. 
 
 MEETING AT TAMMANY HALL, NOV. 12th. 
 
 Honourable James Monroe, President ; Albert Gallatin, 
 Thomas Herttell, Walter Bowne, Esqs., Vice-Presidents ; Da- 
 niel Jackson, of the 1st Ward, M. M. Noah, Esqs., Secre- 
 taries. 
 
 There are circumstances of occasional occurrence, that, ab- 
 stracted from all other considerations, seem to carry with them 
 their own consequence, and to be sustained alone upon their 
 exclusive merits ; such indeed may be said of 3Ir. Monroe's 
 presiding at this meeting. Notwithstanding the call was 
 only upon the General Committee, yet the great Hall of St. 
 Tammany was crowded to excess, a fact highly comphmentary 
 to the feehngs of those who were present, as it was not only 
 evincive of their desire to join in the contemplated celebra- 
 tion, but was also a testimonial of respect towards one of the 
 earliest Patriots of the Republic, who had consented to preside 
 upon the occasion. 
 
 With this numerous assemblage, all was dignified silence, — • 
 all respectful attention,^ — when the venerable President rose to 
 address the meeting. He spoke of the hallowed events of our 
 ovv^n glorious revolution, and remarked upon the admirable 
 form of our government, as fully illustrative of the happy re- 
 sults of our Independence. He reverted to this period of 
 history as making the first serious impression upon the feelings 
 of the people of Europe, and considered the events of those 
 days as materially instrumental in directing the mass of man- 
 kind to a proper consideration of their condition ; it aroused 
 their latent faculties and energies, and pointed to the barriers 
 that had so long impeded their course to the enjoyment of ra- 
 
REVCLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 13 
 
 tienal liberty. He then drew the attention of the meeting to 
 the first revolution o^ France^ and took an enlightened view of 
 the circumstances connected with it, comparatively with those 
 identified with the events of the 27lh, 28th, and 29th July, 1830, 
 — the tendency of which was to show the distinction between 
 the corrupt material that unfortunately was permitted to amalga- 
 mate with the pure spirits of 1789, and v/hich destroyed the 
 glorious ends then contemplated to be realized ; but now, the 
 people were moved to action by one virtuous feeling — one 
 glorious impulse — and therefore every rational inference would 
 lead to the conclusion, that the present revolution would not 
 only secure to the French people happiness and freedom, but 
 would also be generally beneficial to mankind. 
 
 Mr. Monroe remarked upon the character of the illustrious 
 Lafayette, the early and untiring advocate in the cause of 
 freedom ; he portrayed with feeling emotion the services ren- 
 dered by that distinguished individual to our beloved country, 
 and claimed for him a large share of the enviable honour con- 
 nected with the glorious results of the Revolutionary War ; he 
 reverted to the virtuous and patriotic course adopted by his 
 friend Lafayette^ in both the revolutions of France, and re- 
 marked, that under the most severe and difficult trials called 
 for from exigencies peculiarly interesting to the whole civilized 
 world, and upon which were suspended the destinies of his 
 country, that Lafayette w^s alone influenced by the purest feel- 
 ings of patriotism. He slightly touched upon the interesting 
 crisis of his embassy to France, and spoke of scenes that he 
 had witnessed, and events with which he had been identi- 
 fied, the better to illustrate the purity of character that marked 
 his early and distinguished friend, in order to strengthen, if pos- 
 sible, a sense of the claim of gratitude due to the services, and 
 of admiration to the virtues, of this firm and determined advo- 
 cate in the cause of rational liberty. 
 
 The respected speaker highly commended the objects of the 
 meeting, he observed that it particularly belonged to the people 
 of this happy country, to commemorate an event that must 
 come home to the feelings of all ; that none could so well ap- 
 preciate the noble efforts of a people to disenthral themselves 
 from oppression, than that nation who had fought their way to 
 liberty, and were now in the full enjoyment of their emancipa- 
 tion. He spoke of the great State of New-York, — of her vast 
 resources ; and what in the course of no distant period, they 
 would develope, and add to her unparalleled prosperity. 
 
14 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 He thanlied the meeting for the distinction manifest-ed to- 
 wards hinri, and hegged them to believe that he fully partici- 
 pated in their feelings upon this grateful occasion. The vene- 
 rable President then took his seat, amid the thrice reiterated 
 cheers and acclamations of the numerous assemblage. 
 
 The following preamble and resolutions were then offered 
 and unanimously adopted : 
 
 Whereas the late revolution in France? by the bravery, jus- 
 tice, and moderation which characterized it, is worthy ofbe- 
 ing celebrated by the freemen of this country, as a signal 
 triumph of an enlightened people, who have merited the en- 
 joyment of liberty by their gallant resistance to tyranny and 
 oppression,— Therefore 
 
 Resolved, That the 25th of Navember, being the anniver- 
 sary of the evacuation of this city in 1783, be fixed upon to 
 commemorate the glorious results of the French Revolution, 
 and that a procession of the working men, artisans, mechanics, 
 charitable and literary societies, and other citizens, be recom- 
 mended on that day. 
 
 Resolved^ That a committee be appointed to confer with, 
 and ask the co-operation of our uniform corps, in the celebra- 
 tion of this glorious event. 
 
 Resolved^ That the Major-Generals of Infantry be re- 
 quested to invite the officers of their respective commands to 
 join in the celebration of the day. 
 
 - Resolved^ That the Honourable the Mayor and Common- 
 alty of the city of New-York be invited to participate in the 
 festivities of the day, under such arrangements as that honour- 
 able body shall deem proper. 
 
 Resolved, That the natives of France be invited to unite in 
 the celebration of the day, and that the tri-coloured flag be 
 displayed on that day from all the public places. 
 
 Resolved, That the Firemen, with their badges and ban- 
 ners, be invited to join the procession. 
 
 Resolved, That the Students of Columbia College, with 
 ' their President and Professois, together with the Scholars of 
 the Public Schools, be requested to join in the procession. 
 
 Resolved, That a com.mittee of seven persons be appointed 
 to receive delegates from the different mechanic and charitable 
 societies disposed to participate in the celebration, and -that 
 such societies under their respective officers will assemble oij 
 that day, at places to be appointed for that purpose. 
 
 Resolved^ That a committee of seven persons be appointed 
 to prepare an Address to the French people, expressive of the 
 
REVOLUTIOIs IN FRAKCE, 1830. 15 
 
 feelings of the people of New-York on their recent and glo- 
 rious triumphs. 
 
 Resolved^ That a committee of seven persons be appointed 
 to select an Orator on the occasion. 
 
 Resolved, That a- committee of seven persons be appointed 
 to choose a Grand Marshal of the day. 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of seven persons be appointed 
 to make the necessary arrangements for the Students of the 
 College and Scholars of the Public Schools. 
 
 Resolved^ That a committee of fifty persons be appointed 
 as a General Executive Committee of Arrangements, vi^ho 
 shall be authorized to take measures for the accommodation 
 and order of the different societies — for the accommodation of 
 public functionaries — to fix the time and place of the Oration, 
 and to do such other acts as may be calculated to carry into 
 effect the foregoing resolutions, and that they publish the order 
 of the day in the different papers. 
 
 Committee to receive Deputations from the different Mechanic 
 
 Societies disposed to join in the celebration, 
 Robert Walker Ebenezer Ford Francis Cain 
 
 Joel Curtis James Conner P. M. Durando 
 
 Paul Grout 
 
 Committee to receive Deputations from Colleges and Public 
 
 Schools. 
 Samuel Stevens Hugh Maxwell Richard Riker 
 
 Dr. D. L. Peixotto Gideon Lee Wiiloughby Lynde 
 
 Oliver M. Lownds 
 
 Committee to prepare an Address to the French People. 
 Thomas Herttell Charles King Dudley Selden 
 
 John Duer Dr. McNevin John Frazee 
 
 Samuel Swartwout 
 
 Committee to select an Orator. 
 Wm. M. Price S. L. Gouverneur Geo. D. Strong 
 
 Dr. DeKay Henry Hone Alex. M. Muir 
 
 Jos. Perkins 
 
 Committee to select Grand Marshal. 
 Andrew Jackson B. J. Meserole David Byng 
 
 Col. xMurray John Alwaise Frederick Groshon 
 
 John Ditchitt 
 
16 
 
 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 Geo. P. Morris 
 Jas. Bellanay 
 Joseph Bouchaud 
 
 Music Committee. 
 Clarkson Crolius, jr. Geo. W. Arnold 
 Joseph Dreyfous Paul Grout 
 
 Committee to confer with the Military, to produce their co-ope- 
 
 ration in the celebration, 
 Jas. Watson Webb Jas. A. Moore Saml. J. Hunt 
 
 J. J. Manning H. A. Simmons 
 
 General Committee of Superintendence and Arrangement. 
 
 Philip Hone 
 Geo. Bruce 
 Jos. Baggott 
 Charles O'Connor 
 Lewis A. Brunei 
 Geo. W. Arnold 
 C. Crolius, sen. 
 Sylvanus Miller 
 'Joseph Bouchaud 
 Edward J. Webb 
 Thomas Tate 
 Geo. H. Evans 
 Wm. Seaman 
 N. Dean 
 Doct. Pascalis 
 Simon Clannon 
 Cornelius McLane 
 Nicholas C. Everett 
 Henry Eckford 
 
 M. Van Schaick 
 Amos Palmer 
 Jacob Lorillard 
 Jas. Watson Webb 
 Daniel E. Tylee 
 John I. Mumford 
 John Lang 
 Wm. M. Price 
 Walter Bowne 
 J. B. Cazeaux 
 Elisha Tibbits 
 M. M. Noah 
 Col. Pentz 
 Daniel Jackson 
 Gen. Spicer 
 Wm. Leavins 
 Col. Mumford 
 James G. Bennett 
 
 P. C. Peaquet 
 Antoine S. Perrott 
 Joseph Dreyfous 
 John Lozier 
 Barnabas Bates 
 Lewis Gerjot 
 Col. G. P. Morris 
 Alderman Strong 
 Wm. B. Townsend 
 Campbell P. White 
 Henry Arcularius 
 James Auchincloss 
 Amos Butler 
 Michael Burnh^m 
 Francis Hall 
 David Hale 
 John L. Graham 
 P. C. M. Andrews 
 
 Resolved, That these proceedings be signed by the Presi^ 
 dent, Vice-Presidents, and Secretaries, and published; 
 JAMES MONROE, President. 
 ALBERT GALLATIN, ) 
 WALTER BOWNE, ) Vice-Presidents. 
 THOMAS HERTTELL, ) 
 Daniel Jackson, 
 M. M.NoAH, 
 
 Secretaries. 
 
 Governor Olivek Wolcott, then in this city, was waited 
 upon by Mr. Herttell, in behalf of tlie Committee, whore-, 
 quested him to act as one of the Vice-Presidents of the meet- 
 ing at Tammany Hall, to make arrangements for the celebra^^ 
 
EEYOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 17 
 
 tion of the late glorious Revolution in France. He stated to 
 Mr. Herttell, and desired him to say to the Committee, that 
 he participated largely in the feelings which prompted this cele- 
 bration, and, did his health permit, he would be most happy in 
 uniting with the. citizens of New- York, in testifying his high 
 estimation of the successful struggle of the Patriots of France 
 against their Bourbon oppressors. He hoped, however, that 
 his name might appear among the friends of liberty, who upon 
 this occasion may assemble to commemorate one of the most 
 important events which has marked the nineteenth century. 
 
 At a meeting of the General Committee of Superintendence 
 and Arrangements for the Celebration of the French Revolu- 
 tion, held at Tammany Hall on Saturday evening, the 13th 
 inst. Philip Hone was appointed Chairman, and Wm. M. 
 Price and Daniel Jackson Secretaries. 
 
 The following committee was appointed to originate a plan of 
 celebration, and to report the same to a meeting of the Gene- 
 ral Committee of Arrangements on Tuesday evening next at 
 7 O'clock. Walter Bowne, John B. Cazeaux, John Lozier, 
 P. C. Montgomery Andrews, Wm. B. Townsend, Simon Clan- 
 non, Daniel Jackson, Philip Hone, and the chairmen of the se- 
 veral special Committees heretofore appointed ; viz. Jas. Wat- 
 son Webb, Robt. Walker, Samuel Stevens, Thos. Herttell, 
 Wm. M. Price, and Andrew Jackson. 
 
 Resolved^ That the above committee be directed to meet at 
 this place on Monday evening, at 7 o'clock. 
 
 A Committee of Finance was appointed as follows : — Saml. 
 Swartwout, Lewis A. Brunei, J. B. Cazeaux, Geo. Bruce, and 
 Myndert Van Schaick. 
 
 Resolved^ That the committee to receive deputations from 
 colleges and public schools, be requested to invite the Super- 
 intendents, Professors, and Cadets of the United States* Mili- 
 tary Academy at West Point, to unite in the celebration of the 
 day. 
 
 The following committee was appointed to take charge of 
 the subject of printinof, viz. Wm. B. Townsend, Geo. H. Evans» 
 Daniel £. Tylee. 
 
 Resolved^ That the Chairman be empowered to appoint a 
 committee of seven, to confer with the Fire Department, on 
 the subject of the above celebration. 
 
 PHILIP HONE, Chairman. 
 
 Wm. M. PiucE, > c5 
 
 Danl. Jackson, \ Secretaries. 
 
 2* 
 
18 CJH^EBRATION OF THE 
 
 The Cbairman of the Committee of ArraDgementsextien&(? 
 invitations to the Cincinnati Society — to the U. S. Officers of 
 the revolutionary and of the late war— to the Albany Military 
 Association—to the Superintendent, Professors, and Cadets of 
 the Military Academy at West Point — to the Honourable the 
 Corporation of the village of Brooklyn — to the College of 
 Piiysiclans and Surgeons — to the Library Association of Clin-> 
 ton Hall, and to the Apprentices' Association. The follow- 
 ing veterans of 1776 were also invited : Anthony Glenn? 
 Enoch Crosby, David Williams, Alexander Whalley, and John 
 Van Norsdale. These, together with such other invitations as 
 are embraced in the resolutions of the general meeting of the 
 12th, were all accepted, with the exception of the West Point 
 Institution, which was declined, not because that fair propor- 
 tion of our youths identified with that National School were 
 r.ot alive to the cause, and fired to the same '^ amor patria" 
 that so recently had blazed forth in the Polytechnic School of 
 Paris, — but growing out of the necessity incumbent upon the 
 Principal^ rigidly to conform to the laws prescribed, and not 
 to bt encroached upon even for a cause so peculiarly interest^ 
 ing, and one that must have elicited at West Point a more 
 than common sympathy. 
 
 The Committees specially appointed made the following 
 nominations-— 
 
 Samuel L. Gouverneur, Orator of the Day. 
 
 The Reverend Richard Varick Dey was requested to pro- 
 nounce a prayer upon tbe occasion of the Celebration. 
 
 Sarnuel Swartwout, Marshal-in-Chief ; 
 
 Who appointed the following Gentlemen as Aids : 
 M. M. Noah, George Davis, B. Delapier, 
 
 Charles Clinton, John L. Graham, Wm. Dumont, 
 Joel Curtis, T. Gro^hon, E. M. Greenway, 
 
 John R. Livingston, Silas E. Burrows, Robt. Lawrence, 
 C. De Colden, DanL Jackson, Charles McEvers^ jr. 
 
 Mc M. Quackenbos, Amos Palmer, Richard PennelL 
 
 Prosper M.Wetmore,G. D. Strong, Henry Ogden.. 
 
 Dress of the Marshal in- Chief and his Aids, 
 Blue Coat, with white facings and gilt buttons. 
 Buff Vest, with plain gilt buttons. 
 A¥hite Pantaloons. 
 
 Chapeau-de-bras, tri-coloured Cockade and Plume o. 
 Tri-coloured Scarfs. 
 
llEV05>tTTI0N ITf FRANCE, 1830. U 
 
 Tri-colonred Badge, with the stripes of the United States' 
 flag to be worn on each lappel. 
 Dress SwortJ and gilt Spurs. 
 
 The Marshal'in-Chief received a deputation from a number 
 of French gentlemen, who volunteered to attend him as an 
 escort, on the part of the French population of this city. The 
 following is the correspondence upon the subject. 
 
 NeW'YorJc, Nov. 19, 1830. 
 Gentlemen—Your obliging offer to attend the Marshal-in- 
 Chief, on the 25th, as an escort, on the part of the French 
 population of this city, is accepted with great satisfaction. 
 
 It will afford me the greatest pleasure to be associated with 
 and have near me on that day, young and chivalric Frenchmen, 
 the natives of that noble nation whose wonderful achieve- 
 ments and astonishing moderation during the recent revolu- 
 tion, have filled the world with admiration. 
 
 The dress and other equestrian equipments to be used on 
 the occasion, will be selected by yourselves. The time and 
 place of meeting on the celebration will be communicated in 
 general orders. 
 
 I am, Gentlemen, with great respect. 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 S. SWARTWOUT, Marshal-in-Chief, 
 
 To Martins Panon, H. Chevrolat, G. Duvivier, Th. Auber, G. 
 Calemard, Dr. Depeyre, A. Lemoyne, A. S. Perrot, Esquires. 
 
 NeW'Yorlc, Nov. 22, 1830. 
 Saml. Swartwout, Marshal-in-Chief, 
 
 Sir — In the name of my comrades, as well as in my own, I 
 acknowledge the receipt of the letter you addressed to us, on 
 the 19th inst., and return you our sincere thanks for the flat- 
 tering expressions it contains. 
 
 Permit me to avail myself of this opportunity to inform you, 
 that Mr. T. Auber having declined the honour conferred upon 
 him, Mr. Vouthier has been elected in his place. 
 
 I am. Sir, with great respect, 
 
 Your obedient servant, M. PANON. 
 
 The Marshal-in-Chief appointed Col. James B. Murray as 
 officer of the day of celebration to take charge of the Wash- 
 ington Parade Ground, who associated with him Col, S. J, 
 Mumford, 
 
 Capt. John D. Jackson, of the ''Scott Cadets'"^ was also 
 
^0 CELEBRATION OF.THS 
 
 appointed to mount guard at the Washington Parade Ground, 
 and to report to Col. Murray for orders. 
 
 Committee to 'prepare an Address to the French People. 
 The above Committee appointed William M. Price, Esq, 
 to read said Address. 
 
 Meeting of the Committee of Arrangements subsequent to the 
 day of Celebration, 
 At a meeting of the Committee of Arrangements, the Com- 
 mittee to prepare an Address to the French People, and the 
 Finance Committee, P. Hone, Chairman, Wm. M. Price, 
 Daniel Jackson, Secretaries. The Committee to whom 
 was referred the application to Mr. Gouverneur for a copy 
 of his oration, reported, that Mr. Gouverneur complied with 
 their request. 
 
 [Correspondence.] 
 
 New-Yoek, November 30th, 1830. 
 Samuel L. Gouverneur, Esquire. 
 
 Sir-^We have the honour of enclosing to you a copy of the 
 proceedings of the Committee of Arrangements for the cele- 
 bration of the late Revolution in France, held at Tammany 
 Hall, on Monday, 29th November, 1830. As the Committee 
 appointed at that meeting, we request you will favour us with 
 a copy of your oration for publication, at such time as may be 
 most convenient. We are with great regard, 
 
 WILLIAM M. PRICE, 
 ANDREW JACKSON, 
 SAMUEL SWARTWOUT, 
 
 Gentlemen — I have just received your very flattering note 
 of this date ; my oration was* delivered at your request, I 
 enclose the only copy in existence, which is subject to your 
 control. With great respect, your obed't serv't, 
 
 SAML. L. GOUVERNEUR. 
 
 New-York, 30th Nov. 1830. 
 
 To Messrs. Wm. M. Price, 
 
 Samuel Swartwout, 
 Andrew Jackson. 
 
 Resolved, That the ^bove Committee, be empowered to 
 publish the oration in the^ manner they may deem proper. 
 
EEVOLUTIOK IN FRANCE, 1830, £1' 
 
 Resolved, That the Chairman and Secretaries address a let- 
 ter to Gen. Lafayette^ introducing Messrs. Thos. Herttell, J. 
 B. Cazeaux, Hopkins McCracken, and Frederick Bronson, as 
 bearers of the address to the French People. 
 
 Resolved, That the thanks of the Committee of Arrange- 
 ments for celebrating the French Revolution, are hereby pre- 
 sented to Samuel Swartwout, Esq. Marshal-in-chief, for the 
 able manner in which he carried into effect the regulations of 
 the Committee, and that his arrangements of the procession, 
 and the final completion of the proceedings at the Washington 
 Parade Ground, are highly satisflictory to this Committee, as 
 they believe to the public at large. 
 
 PHILIP HONE, Chairman. 
 
 Wm. M. Price, ) Secretaries. J 
 
 Daniel Jackson, ) ;, 
 
 Immediately after the publication of the proceedings at 
 Tammany Hall on the 12th instant, meetings were held of va- 
 rious societies, and associations, and we give an account o£ 
 such meetings, as illustrative of the ardent feeling that pre- 
 vailed, and as indicative not of a momentary excitement, but 
 of the deep impression made, and of the lively interest that 
 existed towards an enlightened and valiant people ; of a nation 
 who had delivered themselves from oppression, and who had 
 given to the world a grand and noble scene to gaze upon, 
 — that while in amazement they viewed the unparalleled 
 achievement, they were lost in admiration of the prudence and 
 moderation which succeeded it. 
 
 MEETING OF PRINTERS. 
 
 A meeting of the Printers of the city of New-York was held 
 at the Shakspeare Hotel, on Wednesday evening, November 
 17tb, 1830. Mr. John Lang was appointed Chairman, and 
 William W. Vermilye and John W. Walker were appointed 
 Secretaries. 
 
 The following preamble and resolutions were offered, and 
 unanimously adopted : — 
 
 ** That all men are created equal ; that they are endowed 
 by their Creator with certain inalienable rights ; that among 
 these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness ;" are truths 
 which our fathers of the Revolution, at a fearful crisis, pr.Q^ 
 
22 ' CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 noiinced to the world as " self- evident, ^^ In support of tlie 
 great principles involved in them, their swords were un- 
 sheathed — their blood was split, and their treasure lavished. 
 During the seven years' struggle which followed the noble de- 
 claration, in which the natural rights of man are clearly and 
 boldly defined, the influence of the PRESS was powerfully 
 felt. The Press was then, as now, 'Uhe great LEVER of 
 public opinion." By its exercise, the spirit of liberty and 
 patriotism was instilled into the bosom of the American public ; 
 and truly has it been said, that its influence, in those dark 
 days, " was powerful enough to break the way for the march 
 and the swords of heroes ; and did as much as thei/^ to sever 
 the chains which tyranny would have perpetuated." It is 
 acknowledged, that principally through the agency of the Press, 
 and those immediately connected with it, was the recent im- 
 portant and glorious Revolution in France effected — a Revo- 
 lution which is destined ultimately to shake to its centre every 
 despotism in the old world 1 The march of human iniprove- 
 ment is onward. The rays of truth and of knowledge, lighted 
 into eternal existence by the Press, are already searching the 
 dark places of tyranny, and dazzling the eyes, and striking dis- 
 may to the hearts, of the deluded believers in "• the divine 
 right of Kings." 
 
 It is with sentiments of pride, arising from an intimate con- 
 nexion with the Press, and by the ties of fellow craftsmen with 
 those who were among the first to step forth boldly in defence 
 of the rights of man, in the perilous hour, do we declare our 
 participation, in commensurate degree, in the patriotic enthu- 
 siasm which animates the bosom of our whole community ; 
 and rejoicing, as we do, in common with our fellow-citizens 
 generally, that the noble spirit of our patriot fathers which 
 triumphed over the hosts of tyranny, and lighted the way to 
 the enjoyment of our many civil and religious blessings, has 
 aroused the slumbering energies of the French peopte to a 
 struggle which has resulted so gloriously, and which will be 
 felt by all future generations of men : therefore, ' 
 
 Resolved, That we consider the late glorious triumph of 
 liberal principles in France, as an event second in importance 
 only to our oivn great and memorable achievement of indepen- 
 dence. 
 
 Resolved, as Americans, friends of civil liberty and social 
 order, we hold in high veneration the character of that great 
 and good man, who, after passing the storms of two revolu- 
 tions, one in the new, and the other in the old world, has, m 
 
REVOLUTION IN FIIANCE, 1830, 523 
 
 tlie evening of his days, afforded a new and brilliant instance 
 tf his wisdom and patriotism, in the events which have re- 
 cently transpired in his native land. 
 
 Kesolved, That as this brilliant revolution originated with 
 and was principally effected by the talents, patriotism, enter- 
 prise, and undaunted public spirit of our typographical brethren 
 in Paris, it particularly becomes us to unite in the proposed 
 celebration on the 25th instant. Therefore 
 
 Resolved, That we cordially accept the invitation of the 
 *' Committee appointed at Tammany Hall, on the 1 2th instant, 
 to receive deputations from the different Societies." 
 
 Resolved, That Messrs. Chandler, Buckingham, and Van 
 Norden be, and they are hereby appointed delegates to confer 
 with the above-named committee at Tammany Hall on Thurs- 
 day evening. 
 
 Resolved, That Messrs. Morris, Conner, and M'Devitt, be 
 a committee to select a suitable person to prepare an ode for 
 the occasion. 
 
 Resolved, That John Lang be appointed Grand Marshal, and 
 
 A. Ming, Jr. and Thomas W. Renne, Deputy Marshals for the day. 
 Resolved, That William E. Dean, WiUiam Osborne, and Charles 
 
 M'Devitt be a committee to confer with Messrs. Hoe and Rust, 
 on the subject of presses and a moveable stage. 
 
 Resolved, That John W. Walker, Hugh Pattinson, and Thomas 
 Orooker be a Finance and Printing Committee. 
 
 Resolved, That the following be a General Committee, with 
 full powers to appoint Sub-Committees, and make all such 
 arrangements as they may deem expedient, for the purpose of 
 carrying into effect the object of this meeting: — George F. Hop- 
 kins, James Swords, George Long, Michael Burnham, Wm. L. 
 Stone, Amos Butler, John W. Walker, Jonathan Seymour, John 
 Turner, Cornelius S. Van Winkle, John Elliott, Thomas Snow- 
 den, David ReiUvSey, E. B. Clayton, Daniel Fanshaw, P. C. M. 
 Andrews, A. Chandler, H. C. Sleight, T. A. Greene, D. K. Minor, 
 ThomasW. Renne,Wlii. G. Heyer,Wm. A. Mercein, Justis S. Red- 
 field, John Watt, John Wlndt, James Smithy Wm. Osborne, Wm. 
 L. Pelsue, N. L. Coombes, James Thomas, Hugh Pattinson,. John 
 Finch, Wm. E. Dean, Harris Sage, Jacob P. Jones, S. H. Harris, 
 T. Fish, I. Hoit, Geo. Mather, N. Penfold, Hammond Wallis, A. 
 Sherman, W. l^ynde, S. Bartlett, Thomas Jordan, G. L. Austin, 
 
 B. C. Brown, James Booth, H. A. Brown, Wm. S. Dorr, Robert 
 Vanderpool, J. M. Danforth, Edward Grattan, Thomas George, 
 John Lintz, M. Van Yorx, Joseph W. Hynde, Benjamin G. Jan- 
 sen, John C. Morrison, John M'Kay, Alexander Newman, John 
 Naid, H. R. Piercey, vS. R. Parker, Samuel Rust, Jesse Rice, F. 
 S. Scatchard, Alexander Taylor, James Turney, William Van 
 Norden, Thomas Crooker, Alex,* Ming, jun. 
 
f4 CELEBRATION OF THl 
 
 Resolved, That a request be made to the publishers of dailj 
 papers to suspend the publication, of their papers one day, in 
 order that those engaged upon them may have an opportunity to 
 join in the celebration. 
 
 Resolved, That these proceedings be signed by the Chairman 
 and Secretaries, and pubHshed in all the papers in the city. 
 
 JOHN LANG, Chairman. 
 
 ■ f""- ^T/ ^f'^''^^'^' ^ Secretaries. ^ ^ 
 
 John W, Walker, > 
 
 At a meeting of the Students of Columbia College, held, 
 by permission of the President, in the College Chapel, Nov. 
 19, 1830, to adopt measures relative to the approaching cele- 
 bration of the French Revolution, President Duer vt^as re- 
 quested to act as Chairman, and Robert G. Vermilye ap- 
 pointed Secretary. 
 
 The President communicated to the meeting an invitation 
 he had received from a committee appointed at a late meet- 
 ing of the citizens, for making arrangements for celebrating 
 the late glorious French Revolution, to unite in the ceremo- 
 nies of the 25th Nov. inst. Whereupon the following resolu- 
 tions were unanimously adopted. 
 
 Resolved, That we join in congratulation with our fellow- 
 citizens, on the recent triuniph of Liberty in France, and hail 
 the event with the warmest feelings of interest and joy. 
 
 Resolved) That we participate fully in the feelings w^hich 
 animated the French people, and are happy to bear witness to 
 the brave conduct, on that memorable occasion, of the stu- 
 dents of Paris, who contributed so largely to the glory of the 
 event. 
 
 Resolvedi, That while the congratulation is general, it be-* 
 comes us especially to rejoice in the prospect of literary and 
 intellectual improvement, which must be intimately connected 
 with the progress of civil freedom. 
 
 Resolved, That, actuated by these motives, we will cordially 
 unite in the ensuing^ celebration of the French Revolution. 
 
 Resolved, That the above resolutions be signed by the 
 Chairman and Secretary of the meeting, and communicated to 
 the Chairman of the Committee from whom the invitation was 
 received. -WM. A. DUER, Ch'n. 
 
 Ronr. G. Vermilye, Sec'y. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FilANCE, 1830. 25 
 
 MEETING OF PRINTERS, AT ALBANY. 
 
 At a meeting of the Printers of the city of Albany, held pursuant 
 to adjournment, at Bement's Recess, on Monday evening, 22d 
 November, CHARLES R. WEBSTER was appointed chair- 
 man, and EDWIN CROSWELL and JOHN B. VAN STEEN- 
 BERG assistant chairmen; and THOMAS R. RANNEY and 
 JOHN VISSCHER, secretaries. 
 
 The proceedings on a former meeting having been read, at 
 which it was resolved to appoint delegates to attend the cele- 
 bration in the city of New-York, on the 25th inst.j in honour 
 of the late glorious revolution, were reported by a committee 
 appointed for that purpose, and unanimously adopted : — 
 
 The age in which we live is full of remarkable incidents. 
 The scenes which are now acting, will form a fruitful theme 
 for the future historian ; and the present era will be celebrated 
 by after ages as the period when the foundation of old and op- 
 pressive systems of society were rooted up, — the right of self- 
 oovEKNMENT boldly claimed, and the power of choosing rulers 
 freely exercised. Truths of which the mass of the human 
 race have heretofore been ignorant, are now generally diffusing, 
 giving to man the capacity to understand, and the spirit to 
 assert, his '^natural and inalienable rights." Knowledge 
 (which is power) is leaving the recesses of cloisters and the 
 precincts of palaces, to enlighten the world, and level all arbi- 
 trary and unnatural distinctions. The principle acted on in 
 the American Revolution — that all governments derive their 
 power solely from the consent of the governed — is now^ recog- 
 nised by a great portion of the civilized world, and must event- 
 ually explode the old theory of the '' divine right of kings," 
 and the unlawfulness of resistance to regal or pontifical autho- 
 rity. THE PRESS has been the chief instrument in this great 
 political renovation — the principal agent in effecting the many 
 meliorations in the social condition of the human family. 
 
 The friends of freedom — the believers in the equality of man- 
 hind — have recently achieved a signal victory, at which all true 
 philanthropists rejoice, and which we feel called upon to cele- 
 brate in an especial manner. The late revolution in France 
 was incited mainly by an encroachment on the liberty of the 
 Press. Among the " ordonnances" which provoked the citi- 
 zens of Paris to drive from power those who evinced that they 
 no longer held it by the proper tenure, that which excited the 
 
26 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 deepest indignation was in the significant words — " The Li- 
 berty of the Press is abolished!" 
 
 In view of these considerations, and in proud gratification 
 that we are workers in an art whose labours are productive of 
 results so innportant and so beneficial to mankind, we do re- 
 solve, — 
 
 That we join our hearty congratulations to those of our ty- 
 pographical brethren in the city of New-York, on the auspi- 
 cious event to be celebrated by them, in connexion with other 
 citizens, on the 25th inst. 
 
 That Charles R. Webster, Robert Packard, Jesse Buel, Aza- 
 riah C, Flagg, Edwin Crosvvell, Elisha W. Skinner, John B. 
 Van Steenbergh, Robert Martin, Thurlow Weed, Gerrit W. 
 Ryckman, Solomon Baker, G. K. Winne, M. MTherson, L. 
 G. Hoffman, H. H. Van Dyck, John Visscher, W. R. Ford, 
 S. Southwick, jr., Jas. BuWy^ H. D. Stone, Thos. O. Wands, 
 A. L. Stewart, F. J. Hosford, A. H. Glenn, and J. Malcom, 
 be delegated to convey to our New- York brethren the senti^ 
 ments of the Printers of Albany, and to unite with them in 
 person, as we all do in heart, in the public manifestation of 
 their joy at the triumph of liberal principles in France. 
 
 That, as lovers of liberty, we hail that event as indicative of 
 the profluence of the great principles contended for by our 
 fathers, and a proof of the doctrine of popular supremacy, so 
 well taught by the heroic citizens of Paris, during the memorable 
 ^* three days' struggle.'' 
 
 That, as Americans, we rejoice at the progress of the spirit 
 of resistance to tyranny which received its first impulse in our 
 own country ; and that we look with admiration on the part 
 taken by that justly renowned and revered citizen, whom Ame- 
 rica claims in common with France. 
 
 That, as Printers, we regard the influence of the Press in the 
 event which we celebrate, as a signal instance of the benign 
 effects flowing from our art ; and that we ardently hope that 
 this is the harbinger of future and more important triumphs, 
 and that the march of free principles may be steadfast, until all 
 rulers, by whatever title known, shall be acknowledged as the 
 servants of the people, holding their power by their will, and 
 exercising it solely for their benefit. 
 
 CHAS. R. WEBSTER; Chairman. 
 
 E. CROSWELL, ( Assistant 
 
 J. B. VAN STEENBERGH, ^ Chairmen, 
 
 Thos. S. Rannay, ) q . . 
 
 J.VisscuEE, '^Secretaries. 
 
HEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 27 
 
 DAILY JOURNAL PRINTERS. 
 At a meeting of the Printers, attached to the Daily Journals 
 in this City, at Tulley's Exchange Coffee- Flouse, Saturday, 
 Nov. 20th, it was unanimously resolved to celebrate in a suita- 
 ble manner the event of the recent triumph of liberal princi- 
 ples in France, by joining in the procession. Thomas A. 
 Green was appointed Marshal, who selected for his aids Caspar 
 Childs, and John H. Potts. — Wm. H. Brown was delegated 
 to bear the banner to be painted for the occasion, and Wm. W. 
 Tindall, Caspar C. Childs, Charles R. Lincoln, Adrastua 
 Fish, Stephen R. Butler, John C. Harwood, John H. Potts, 
 and Cornehus B. Marshall, a Committee of Arrangements. 
 CHARLES R. LINCOLN, Chairman. 
 
 Wm. W. Tindall, 7^1 
 
 T T» ? Secretaries. 
 
 Joseph Phillips, j 
 
 CELEBRATION OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. 
 
 At a meeting of the Committee appointed at a numerous 
 meeting of the Natives of France, residenf in New- York, Mr. 
 Joseph Bouchard was appointed President, and Messrs. J. B. 
 Caseaux and L, A. Brunei, Secretaries : the following resolu- 
 tion was adopted. 
 
 Resolved, That the French, and descendants of French, re- 
 siding in New- York, be invited to meet to-morrow evening at 
 Tammany Hall, to deliberate upon the best means of cele- 
 brating the late glorious Revolution, to take place on the 25th 
 inst. as determined upon by a meeting of the citizens of New- 
 York, of which the venerable James Monroe was President. 
 
 Nov. 17, 1830. 
 
 JOSEPH BOUCHARD, President. " 
 
 L. A. Brunel, / c, ^ . 
 T D r« } Secretaries. 
 
 J. J3. Caseaux, S 
 
 CELEBRATION OF THE LATE FRENCH REVOLUTION. 
 
 A Meeting of the French inhabitants of this city was 
 held, pursuant to public notice, at Tammany Hall on Wednes- 
 day evening, 17th inst. Mr. Joseph Bouchard having been 
 called to the chair, and Messrs. Geo. de Loynes and C. Dar- 
 befeuille, appointed Secretaries, the following resolutions were 
 proposed, and subsequently adopted :■ — 
 
 Resolved, That all French and descendants of French in 
 this city, be invited, through the medium of the public papers, 
 to assemble on the morning of the 25th inst. at Combault's, 
 No. 599 Broadway, at the hour which shall be designated by 
 the General Committee of Arrangements. 
 
£8 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 Resolved, That a Committee be appointed with power fo 
 have a tri-coloured flag made for the occasion, as well as tri- 
 coloured cockades and badges. 
 
 Resolved, That Messrs. H. Peugnet and L. Peugnet, be the 
 bearers of the colours during the procession. 
 
 Resolved, That at the close of the ceremony, those colours 
 be presented, in the name of the French residents of this city,, 
 to the 1st division of New- York State Artillery. 
 
 Resolved, That the badges and cockades worn on the occa- 
 sion shall be uniform. 
 
 Resolved, That the President and Secretaries shall form a 
 Committee to communicate these resolutions to the General 
 Committee of Arrangements. 
 
 Resolved, That these proceedings shall be inserted in the 
 public papers. 
 
 Several committees were appointed, and among them a 
 
 Committee of Arrangements, composed of Messrs. Gayot,. 
 
 Trusson, Darbefeuille, Tardy, Dreyfous, and Allain, sen. and 
 
 a Committee of Fii^nces, composed of Messrs. Brunei, Bou- 
 
 chaud, Brugiere, De Loynes, Jacquelin, D'Hervilly, and 
 
 Crevolin. 
 
 JOSEPH BOUCHARD, President. 
 
 G. De Loynes, > ^ . • 
 r^ T\ } Secretaries. 
 
 C Darbefeuille, j 
 
 NATIVES OF FRANCE. 
 At a meeting of the Committee of Arrangements ap- 
 pointed by the French citizens residents of New-York, on the 
 evening of 22d inst. the following resolutions were adopted : — 
 Resolved, That the officers and crews of the French vessels 
 now in port be invited to join their fellow-citizens in the pro- 
 cession of the 26th November. 
 
 Resolved, That the order of procession be as follows : 
 Eight Guards on Horseback. 
 Music. 
 Do. Committee. 
 Committee of Address. 
 The Flag. 
 Finance Committee. 
 French Consul and Chancellor. 
 Officers and Crews of French Vessels. 
 Frenchmen and descendants of Frenchmen, six abreast. 
 The members of the Committee of Arrangements will act 
 as Marshals of the day. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 29 
 
 The procession will be formed at Combault's House, Broad- 
 way, and move at half-past eight o'clock precisely, down Broad- 
 way to Walker-street, down Walker to Beach and Hudson, 
 up Hudson to the line in Canal-street. 
 
 Resolved, That, to conclude the ceremonies and amuse- 
 ments of the day, it is recommended that the different Com- 
 mittees attend the Park Theatre on the evening of the SSth, 
 with their banners and decorations, where the Military Officers, 
 Grand Marshal, Aids, and Chief of other Societies will be 
 present. 
 
 Resolved, That the officers and crews of the French vessels 
 as well as the French residents of New- York in general, be 
 also requested to attend the performances of the Park Theatre 
 on the above evening. 
 
 Resolved, That Messrs. Louis Loutrel and G. Chastelain 
 be added to the Committee of Arrangements. 
 
 James Allain, sen. John A. Tardy, 
 
 C. Darbefeuille, Louis Gayot, 
 
 Julian Chastelain, Louis Loutrel, 
 
 Joseph Dreyfous, G. Trusson. 
 
 0^ All the French, and descendants of the French, wha 
 intend to join in the procession to celebrate the late Revolution 
 m France, are requested to assemble at Combault's Hotel, No* 
 599 Broadway, on Thursday morning, 26th inst. at 8 o'clock, 
 precisely. Tri-coloured badges and cockades, as adopted at 
 the general meeting held at Tammany Hall on the 17th inst. 
 will be furnished without any charge. 
 
 L. Gayot, Jos. Dreyfous, 
 
 J. A. Tardy, C. Darbefeuille, 
 
 Allain, sen., G. E. Trusson, 
 
 J. Chastelain, L. Loutrel, 
 
 Committee of Arrangements. 
 
 TAILORS. 
 At a meeting of Tailors, held at the Sbakspeare Hotels 
 corner of Nassau and Fulton streets, on Monday, the 15th instr 
 it was 
 
 Unanimously resolved^ That a committee of five be appointed 
 to call a General M eeting of the Trade, at No. 1 1 Spruce- 
 street, on Thursday the 18th inst., at 7 o'clock, for the purpose 
 of appointing delegates to co-operate with those of other trades 
 on the 25th inst, to celebrate the recent Revolution in France* 
 JOHN D. BRASHEARS, Chairman. 
 James Ukswarth, Secretary. 
 3^ 
 
30 CELEBRATION OF Tff^' 
 
 A CARD. 
 The Journeymen Coopers' Society, having \in2imm6mfy m^-' 
 solved to join in the celebration of the late French Revolution^ 
 on the 25th inst, respectfully invite the Masters and Journej- 
 men of this city, not members of the Society, to unite with 
 them on the occasion, from their place of meeting at the Third 
 Ward Hotel, No. 19 Warren-street. 
 
 JAMES SEGUINE, President. 
 William Asten, Secretary. 
 
 GOOPERS' APPRENTICES. 
 
 At an adjourned meeting of Coopers' Apprentices, convened 
 at the Cooper Shop, No. 89 Pine-street, Charles Dykes being 
 called to the Barrel, and Jacob Tremper and Francis Giraud, 
 appointed Secretaries, the following preamble and resolutions 
 were unanimously adopted ; 
 
 Feeling a proper sense of the benefits that will be realized 
 by the achievement of the late glorious Revolution in France — 
 
 Resolved, That we sympathize with the relatives and friends 
 of those youthful patriots who perished. 
 
 Resolved, That we rejoice at the triumphant success of those 
 surviving young heroes, who, by their courage and good con- 
 duct, have added additional lustre to their country's glory. 
 
 Resolved, That our employers be requested to allow us to 
 participate in the approaching celebration. 
 
 Resolved, ThaJt they are requested to render us such suitable 
 facilities as will add to our credit and respectability on this oc- 
 casion. 
 
 Resolved, That our Standard shall bear the motto of '" Free 
 Trade and Coopers' Rights.'' 
 
 And it was further resolved. That Master Charles Dykes 
 shall be the Marshal of the dav. 
 
 CHARLES DYKES, Chairman. 
 
 Jacob Tremper, } ci ^ • 
 
 FRAI.CIS GlKAUD, r ^^'"*^^^"'- 
 
 BUTCHERS. 
 
 At a numerous meeting of the Butchers of the city of New- 
 York, convened pursuant to public notice at J. Acker's Tavern, 
 Bowery, for the purpose of considering the propriety of joining 
 in the approaching celebration of the 25th of November, 
 Jacob Aims was called to the chair, and Thomas Jeremiah ap^ 
 pointed Secretary. 
 
 The following resolutions were then submitted and passed 
 unanimously. 
 
IREfOLtfTlON IN FRANCE, 1830. 3 J 
 
 Resolved, That whereas a very general sentiment prevails 
 among our fellow-citizens, that the late successful struggle of 
 the French People in favour of Constitutional Liberty should 
 receive their public approbation ; and whereas the period ap- 
 pointed for that purpose is one which we hail among the 
 proudest in the history of our RepubUc ; therefore 
 
 Resolved, That we will cheerfully unite with the various 
 associations who propose to celebrate the 25th Nov. 1830. 
 
 Resolved, That in common with our fellow-citizens, we feel 
 the mighty debt incurred during the period of our revolutionary 
 struggle, in consequence of the voluntary and generous aid 
 furnished by the French People, and that in rendering them 
 the tribute now proposed, we but act on the side of simple 
 justice, while at the same time we feel assured that the noble 
 spirits who guard the destinies of France will be more grati- 
 fied than though our national treasury had showered upon them 
 its millions. 
 
 Resolved, That we view in the recent movements in Europe, 
 exemplified by the brief but conclusive war of Paris, a happy 
 evidence that man is free when he wills to be free ; while at 
 the same time the solemn admonition is conveyed to us, that 
 freedom may be lost when we cease to appreciate its blessings. 
 
 Resolved, That with the view of giving effect to our in- 
 tended celebration, that a committee of twenty be appointed 
 from the several markets, with the chairman and secretary, and 
 that said committee have full power to appoint sub-committees 
 and make every necessary arrangement to accomplish the ob- 
 ject of the meeting. Whereupon the following gentlemen were 
 named and unanimously approved : John Henning, Albert 
 Fisher, Jacob Ridabock, Mathevv Bird, John P. Aims, Henry 
 Hide, Thomas Winship, Benjamin Ward, Leonard Smith, Joho 
 Flock, Daniel S. Hide, Arnest Fisk, Jacob Vogell, George 
 Clinch, John Fash, William Vanch, George Vaughan> Christian 
 Harriet, P. Underbill, J. Wheaton, Jacob Aims, Thos. Jere- 
 miah. 
 
 Resolved, That Jacob Aims, George Clinch, and Thos. Je- 
 remiah be, and the same are hereby appointed delegates to con- 
 fer with the General Committee of Arrangements at Tammany 
 Hall. 
 
 Resolved, That the Butchers of Brooklyn village and Jersey 
 city be invited to partake with us in the proposed celebration. 
 
 Resolved, That the following gentlemen form a committee 
 auxiliary to the general committee. John Trigler, John Scott^ 
 Walter Desbrow, Daniel Winship, Wm. Rellenger, Wm. Mook^ 
 Charles Gwyer, John Perrin, Lansing Jervis, B. Granger, 
 
32 CELEBRATION OP THE 
 
 Resolved, That John Trigler be requested to serve as Grand 
 Marshal, with power to appoint his aids. 
 
 Jacob Aims, President. 
 Thos. Jeremiah, Secretary. 
 
 TO SADDLERS. 
 
 The Saddlers of the city of New York, are requested to 
 attend a general meeting of the trade, to be held at Phenix Ho- 
 tel, 142 Fulton-street, this evening, at 7 o'clock, to take into 
 consideration the propriety of joining our fellow-citizens in ce- 
 lebrating the glorious events in France. 
 
 Such evening papers as are friendly to the objects of this^ 
 meeting are requested to copy the above. 
 
 LEATHER DRESSERS. 
 
 At a numerous and respectable meeting of Leather Dres- 
 sers held last evening at Hamilton House, 216 William- 
 street, it was unanimously resolved, that we join in the ensuing' 
 celebration on the 23th Nov. next, in honour of the late glo- 
 rious French revolution. John E. Cameneyr.^ Joseph Watson^ 
 and John H. Bowie were appointed delegates to meet the ge- 
 neral committee at Tammany Hall. Signed 
 
 Joseph Watson, President. 
 
 John H. Bowie, Secretary. 
 
 CORDWAINERS. 
 
 At a numerous and respectable meeting of Ae Cord- 
 wainers held last evening, the 1 7th instant, at the Sixth Ward* 
 Hotel, Duane-street,,at which Mathew Armstrong was called 
 to the chair, and Thomas Baker appointed Secretary, it was 
 unanimously 
 
 Resolved, That we join in the ensuing celebration on the 26th 
 Nov. in honour of the late glorious event of the French revo- 
 lution. Accordingly Henry Walton, Mathew Armstrong, and 
 John Scribner were appointed to meet the general committee 
 at Tammany Hall, on the 18th instant. 
 
 Mathjew Armstrong, President. 
 
 Thomas Baker, Secretary. 
 
 PAINTERS, ATTEND. 
 The general committee of arrangements will meet on^ 
 Tuesday evening, the 23d instant, at Harmony Hall, corner of 
 William and Duane Streets, to transact such business as may 
 be connected with the celebration of the French revolution. 
 Those painters who feel disposed to join the procession, are 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 18S0. 33 
 
 requested to be present at the meeting, to obtain suitable 
 badges for the occasion. 
 
 Thomas W. Pooley, President. 
 Michael Ryan, Secretary. 
 
 ^BRICKLAYERS, PLASTERERS, AND SLATERS. 
 
 At an adjourned meeting of the Bricklayers, Plasterers, and 
 Slaters, held at Broadway House, on Thursday evening, 18tb 
 instant, it was 
 
 Resolved, That all disposed to unite with them in the cele- 
 bration of the glorious French revolution, are requested to meet 
 with them at Broadway House on Tuesday evening next, at 7 
 o'clock. 
 
 BLACK AND WHITE SMITHS. 
 
 At a well attended meeting of the Black and White Smiths 
 of the city and county of New-York, held at Broadway House 
 on the evening of the 18th instant, Mr. William Gamble was 
 called to the chair, and Moses l^^vans appointed Secretary, it was 
 
 Resolved, That John Kneringer, Colin Tolme, and Moses 
 Evans be a delegation appointed to meet the general committee 
 of arrangements at Tammany Hall, and to unite with them in 
 celebrating the late extraordinary revolution in France. It was 
 further 
 
 Resolved, That a general invitation be given to the Black 
 and White Smiths of the city and county of New- York, to Join 
 in common with their fellow citizens, in the celebration of that 
 event ; and that the meeting adjourn, to meet again at the pre- 
 sent place of meeting on the evening of Monday, the 22d in- 
 stant, for making farther arrangements to that effect ; and 
 that the proceedings of this meeting be signed by the chair- 
 man and secretary, and published in the city papers. 
 
 William Gamble, Chairman. 
 
 Moses Evans, Secretary. 
 
 HOUSE CARPENTERS, SHIP JOINERS, SASH AND BLIND 
 
 MAKERS. 
 
 At a meeting of the House Carpenters, Ship Joiners, Sash 
 and Blind Makers, held last evening at the Westchester House, 
 Bowery, according to notice, John Dean was appointed 
 chairman, and Wm. Morris, Secretary. The following was 
 
 Resolved, That John McCoy, Wm. Morris, Hendrickson 
 Waters, Moses E. Oakley, and Samuel Burrows, form a com- 
 mittee of arrangements. 
 
 John Dean, Chairman. 
 
 W. MoKRis, Secretary. 
 
34 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 STEAM ENGINE BUILDERS. 
 
 At a meeting of the Steam Engine Builders and Boiler Ma- 
 kers, held last evening, at No. 426 Lombardy Street, Mr. 
 George Newcom was called to the chair, and Mr. Richard Bar- 
 ton appointed Secretary. On motion, 
 
 Resolved, That measures be adopted for celebrating the 
 late glorious revolution in France. 
 
 Again, on motion, resolved. That a committee of five be ap- 
 pointed to wait on the general committee at Tammany Hall, 
 on Monday evening next, at 7 o'clock. 
 
 On motion resolved, That the following gentlemen here ap- 
 pointed on the committee, Wm. Leister, Charles Makepeace, 
 Sherman Havens, Cornelius Canoun, and John Richester. 
 
 Resolved, That a general invitation be given to all steam 
 engine builders and boiler makers in the city, to join with us 
 on the occasion. 
 
 Further resolved, That a committee of three be appointed for 
 that purpose. 
 
 Resolved, That the committee consist of the following gen- 
 tlemen : W. Lowery, Benj. GofF, and Wm. Jusuck. 
 
 George Newgom, Chairman. 
 
 Richard Barton, Secretary. 
 
 STONE CUTTERS. 
 
 At a general meeting of Stone Cutters, held at the Working 
 Men's House, 95 Chapel-street, on Wednesday evening, Nov. 
 17th, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That we consider the French revolution of 1830 
 an event of deep interest, not only to France but to the world ; 
 an event calculated to arouse throughout Europe the spirit of 
 liberty, to teach monarchs that they cannot always with im- 
 punity sport with the lives and property of their subjects, re- 
 gardless of their rights and their happiness — to teach them that 
 there is in reahty no sovereign power but the will of the 
 people. 
 
 Resolved, therefore, That with appropriate dresses and ban- 
 ners, we will un e with the numerous mechanic, literary, and 
 other societies, c ri the 25th instant, in the celebration of that 
 truly memorable event. 
 
 Andrew Wilson, Chairman. 
 
 W. B. Sawyer, ) g^.^etaries 
 James Clark, 3 
 
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MAKERS. 
 At a meeting composed of the Musical Instrument Makers 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 35 
 
 of the city, held at 66 Division-street, for the purpose of join- 
 ing in the celebration, Mr. John Black was called to^the chair, 
 and Thomas Kearsey and John Pethick were appointed secre- 
 taries. 
 
 On motion, resolved. That we join as a body in the celebra- 
 tion of the ensuing anniversary of the evacuation of our city by 
 the British forces, and the recent glorious events in France. 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of arrangements be appointed 
 to meet at the Westchester House to-morrow evening at 7 
 o'clock. 
 
 Resolved, That these proceedings be published in all friendly 
 papers. 
 
 Resolved, That we now adjourn to meet at the Westchester 
 House on Wednesday evening at 7 o'clock, and that manufac- 
 turers generally be invited to attend. 
 
 N. B. Professors of music are respectfully invited to attend. 
 
 TO THE CABINET MAKERS. 
 
 The Committee of Arrangements, according to a resolution 
 of the 23d inst. do hereby notify the trade in general, that 
 they have appointed Broadway Hall, as a place of meeting on 
 the morning of the 25th inst. at 8 o'clock precisely. The Ca- 
 binet Makers who feel disposed to unite with us on the occa- 
 sion, are > requested to furnish themselves with Badges and 
 Cockades, at John Ford's, No. 208 Broadway. 
 
 The Committee have appointed Samuel Waterbery as Mar- 
 shal for the occasion, assisted by the Committee of Arrange- 
 ments. Samuel Waterbery, Chairman. 
 
 Henry A. Berniaud, Secretary. 
 
 UPHOLSTERERS. 
 The Upholsterers of the city of_ New- York are requested to 
 attend a meeting to be held at the Shakspeare Hotel, corneir 
 of Nassau and Fulton-streets, on Thursday evening the 18th 
 inst. at 8 o'clock, for the purpose of taking measures to cele- 
 brate the late glorious Revolution in France, 
 
 CARVERS, GILDERS, &c. 
 
 At the meeting of Carvers, Gilders, and Frame-makers, 
 held on Friday last, the following persons were appointed a 
 Committee of Arrangement, to provide Banners, Badges, dz^c. 
 suitable for the approaching celebration : David Stewart, Fran- 
 cis Renouf, John Shimmins, Edwin T. Bennet, Samuel Ken- 
 nedy, and Wm. S. Conely. 
 
 Chs. Del Vecchio was elected Marshal of the day, Thomas 
 
36 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 Millard and Edwin T. Bennett as aids. On motion, re- 
 solved, That we hereby invite the Gold Beaters and Looking 
 Glass Storekeepers, to attend our next meetini^ and co-operate 
 with us on the occasion. The apprentices are also invited to 
 attend. 
 
 Adjourned, to meet next Tuesday evening at 8 o'clock, at 
 Westchester House. Chs. Del Vecchio, Chairman. 
 
 Jas. S. Greig, Secretary. 
 
 CHAIR MAKERS. 
 
 At a meeting of the Fancy and Windsor Chair Makers and 
 Gilders of the city of New-York, held at the corner of Mott 
 and Chatham streets on Wednesday evening the 1 7th inst. ,Mr. 
 John R. Cowperthwaite was called to the chair, and Mr. Daniel 
 Smith appointed secretary, when, on motion. 
 
 Resolved, That we will join with our fellow-citizens in cele- 
 brating the glorious Revolution of France. 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to confer 
 with the Delegates at Tammany Hall, in relation to the cele- 
 bration on the 25th inst. Mr. John K. Cowperthwaite, Mr. H. 
 Bunnell, Mr. J. Robertson, committee. 
 
 John K. Cowperthwaite, Chairman. 
 
 Daniel Smith, Secretary. 
 
 SADDLERS. 
 
 A meeting of the Saddlers will be held this evening, at 7 
 o'clock, at the Phceoix Hotel, 142 Fulton-st., to hear the re- 
 ports of the Committees appointed to make preparations for the 
 approaching Celebration. General and punctual attendance is 
 requested. Rob r. Dingee, Chairman. 
 
 P. C. Metcalf, Secretary. 
 
 TOBACCONISTS. 
 The several Tobacconists of the city of New- York and its 
 vicinity who feel disposed to join in the celebration of the late 
 glorious Revolution in France, are requested to meet on Mon- 
 day evening next, 22d inst. at half past seven o'clock, at West- 
 chester House, Bowery, to make the necessary arrangements 
 therefor. 
 
 NEWS CARRIERS. 
 At a meeting of the New- York News Carriers Benerolent 
 Association, held at the house of Mrs. A. L. Delamater, on 
 Monday evening, the 22d day of Nov. 1830. Mr. Wm. Jones, 
 the President, in the chair, and Mr. James Moore, was appointed 
 Seoret^iry. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 37 
 
 Resolved, That we will join with our fellow-citizens on the 
 25th inst. in celebrating the recent Revolution in France. 
 
 Resolved, That we do hereby invite the News Carriers 
 generally, of the Daily and Weekly Publications in this city, to 
 join our procession on the above day. 
 
 Resolved that Mr. Abraham Ridgeway, Mr. John Kelly, and 
 Samuel G. WyckofT, act as our delegates to represent us to the 
 General Committee at Tammany Hall. 
 
 Resolved, That the Association meet at Montgomery House, 
 338 Broadway, on Thursday the 2bih inst. at half past 8 o'clock 
 precisely. Wm. Jones, Chairman. 
 
 James Moore, Secretary, pro tem. 
 
 N. B, Badges furnished by the Association. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Board of Engineers and Fore- 
 men, held on Thursday evening last, the 18 th inst. at Firemen's 
 Hall, it was unanimously 
 
 Resolved, That the members of this Department will unite 
 with their fellow-citizens in celebrating the late triumphant and 
 glorious contest for Liberty, and the overthrow of Tyranny in 
 France. 
 
 Resolved, That the following persons constitute the several 
 Committees to make the necessary arrangements : — 
 
 Badge Committee — F. R. Lee, G. De Angelis, J. Murphy, 
 
 D. B. Palmer, G. Hamilton. 
 
 Music Committee — James Gulick, J. S. Huggitt, D. Weeden, 
 
 E. VVinhip, P. Baseter. 
 
 Marshal's Committee — D. J. Williams, T. Howe, D. Die- 
 trich, R. F. North, Isaac Rhodes. 
 
 Finance Committee — Morris Franklin, A. B. Rich, W. B. 
 Townsend, E. T. Lewis, J. A. Roome. 
 
 Resolved, That Uzziah Wenman, W. P. Disosway, and D. 
 B. Palmer, be a Committee to inform the Grand Marshal of 
 the da^ of the proceedings of this meeting. 
 
 Resolved, that James Gulick be appointed Grand Marshal, 
 and John Ryket, Jr. and Thomas Howe, Deputy Marshals for 
 the Fire Department. Uzziah Wenman, Chairman. 
 
 Wm. p. Disosway, Secretary. 
 
 TO THE EXEMPT FIREMEN. 
 At a meeting of the Board of Engineers and Foremen, held 
 at Firemen's Hall, on Thursday evening last, the 18th inst. it 
 was unanimously 
 
 4 
 
S8 CELEBEATION OF THE 
 
 Resolved, That the Exempt Members of the Fire Depart- 
 ment be respectfully invited to join with the Firemen in cele- 
 brating the late Revolution in France. 
 
 UzziAH Wenman, Chairman. 
 
 Wm. p. Discs way, Secretary. 
 
 At a meeting of the Fire Wardens, held at Firemen's Hall, 
 on the 22d inst. it was on motion unanimously 
 
 Resolved, That, participating in the feelings of our brother 
 Firemen, in celebrating the recent success of the hberties of the 
 French people, that we, as a body, join in the procession with 
 our brother Firemen. 
 
 Resolved, That we assemble at the Hospital Green (in 
 Broadway), at 8 o'clock, on the 25th inst. and that the exempt 
 Wardens are respectfully invited to join with us on the occa- 
 sion. John W. Degraw, Chairman. 
 
 Cornelius Agnew, Secretary. 
 
 SEAMEN'S SOCIETY. 
 At a meeting of this Society, held at Hamilton House, on 
 Friday evening, 19th inst. it was unanimously 
 
 Resolved, That the members of this Society will unite with 
 their fellow-citizens in celebrating the late triumphant victory 
 and overthrow of tyranny in France. 
 
 JoNo. MuNsoN, President. 
 J. C. Nicholson, Secretary. 
 
 PILOTS OF THE PORT. 
 
 At a meeting of the Pilots of the Port of New-York, by 
 way of Sandy Hook, held on Monday morning, at Germaine 
 Hotel, it was unanimously resolved that they join in the ensuing 
 celebration on the 25th November, in honour of the late glo- 
 rious French Revolution, whereupon, John Minugh, Renben 
 Hope, Thomas Hope, John Tennure, and Robert T. Norris 
 were appointed a Committeeof Arrangements to meet the Ge- 
 neral Committee at Tammany Hall. 
 
 Resolved, That v/e invite the Hurl Gate Pilots to join us in 
 the procession. 
 
 Resolved, That David Mitchell be appointed Marshal of 
 the Day. John White, Chairman. 
 
 RoBT. T. B, Mitchell, Secretary. 
 
 WATERMEN. 
 At a meeting of the Watermen of the city of New- York and 
 its vicinity, held last evening at the News Office, Whitehall, 
 
rbvoltjtion in prance, 1830* Si 
 
 Mi". Ilichard'Robins was called to the Chair, and Wm. Gibson 
 appointed Secretary, and the following preamble and resolutions 
 unanimously adopted : — 
 
 Whereas it has been determined by a meeting of citizens 
 held recently at Tammany Hall, to celebrate, on the 25th inst- 
 the late triumph of liberal principles in France. 
 
 Therefore, resolved. That in accordance with a general invi- 
 tation of the Committee of Arrangements, we will unite with 
 our fellow-citizens in the procession on that occasion. 
 
 Resolved, That Mr. Cornelius Cammeyer be appointed Mar- 
 shal of the day. 
 
 Resolved, That we will unite with the Printers of the daily 
 journals in the procession ; and that the Marshal be requested 
 to confer with them on the subject. 
 
 Resolved, That the thanks of the meeting be transmitted to 
 Major George V. Howard, for the tender of his elegant race 
 boat Whitehall, for the occasion, and that the same be accepted. 
 
 Resolved, That the Chairman and Secretary of this meeting, 
 and the Marshal of the day, constitute a Committee of Arrange- 
 ments to prepare the emblems, &c., for the procession. 
 
 Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be published 
 in all the daily papers. Richard Robbins, Chairman* 
 
 Wm. Gibson, Secretary. 
 
 JEWELLERS AND SILVERSMITHS. 
 The Jewellers and Silversmitlis are requested to meet at the 
 Exchange Coffee House, corner of Nassau and Pine Streets, 
 this evening precisely at 7 o'clock, to make arrangements to 
 celebrate the late French Revolution. By the request of many 
 Jewellers and Silversmiths. 
 
 COMB MAKERS. 
 
 At a meeting of the Comb Makers held at the Bowery 
 House, corner of Broome-st. and Bowery, on Friday evening 
 the 19th inst., it was 
 
 Resolved, That we, as a body of mechanics, do participate 
 with our fellow-citizens on the approaching celebration of the 
 late events in France. 
 
 Resolved, That the Comb Makers in this, and the adjoining 
 States, together with others friendly to our intentions, be invited 
 to join with us in the proposed celebration. 
 
 Resolved, That the Comb Makers meet on Tuesday evening, 
 the 23d inst. at 7 o'clock, P. M. to make the necessary pre- 
 parations, preparatory to the celebration, and that general and 
 punctual attendance be requested* 
 
40 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 Resolved, That the proceedings be signed by the Chairman 
 and Secretary, and published, E. B. Thayer, Chairman. 
 Abraham Weeks, Secretary, 
 
 THE NEW-YORK GAS WORKMEN'S FRIENDLY SOCIETY, 
 
 At a meeting of this Society, called for the purpose of taking 
 into consideration the propriety of joining our fellow-citi- 
 zens in celebrating the late glorious French Revolution, the 
 following resolutions were adopted. 
 
 Resolved, That we, as a body, do participate with our fellow- 
 citizens in the approaching celebration of the late events in 
 France^ 
 
 Resolved, That Robert H. Todd, Daniel Wishart, and Alex- 
 ander Marshall, be our delegates to represent us at the General 
 Committee. 
 
 Resolved, That Alexander Marshall, Robert H. Todd, Wm. 
 Davies, Thomas Marsh, Wm. Greenfield, be a Committee of 
 Arrangement to provide a suitable banner, badges, &c. 
 
 Resolved, That the Society meet at the sign of the Blue 
 Bonnet, Frankfort street^ on Thursday the £5th,^at half past eight 
 o'clock, A. M, Alexander Marshall, President, 
 
 Thomas Marsh, Secretary. 
 
 HIBERNIAN UNIVERSAL BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. 
 An extra meeting of the '^Hibernian Universal Benevolent 
 Society," of the city of New- York," will be held this evening 
 (Monday), at Mr.McDermott's, Sixth Ward Hotel, at 7 o'clock, 
 precisely, to make appropriate arrangements for celebrating on 
 the £5th inst, the late glorious events in France, A punctual 
 attendance of the members is requested. 
 
 By order of the President. 
 B. M'AvoY, Secretary. 
 
 TYPE FOUNDERS. 
 
 At a numerous and respectable meeting of Type Founders? 
 assembled pursuant to notice, at the Franklin buildings, on 
 Friday evening, Nov. 19, Peter C. Cortelyou, was called to 
 the Chair, and David Bruce, jun. chosen Secretary; it was, on 
 motion, 
 
 Resolved, That conceiving as we do. the late important 
 change produced in the condition of France, is greatly to be 
 attributed to the constant discharge of the Artillery of the 
 Press, bravely levelled in defence of their political liberty, and 
 i^eling ever ready to furnish ammunition to maintain so glo* 
 
Mt^CrLTfTiOl^ IN FRANCE, 1830, 41 
 
 rious a warfare, we most cordially determine to joifi in the 
 celebration of so joyful a victory. 
 
 Resolved, That we now adjourn to meet again on Tuesday 
 evening next, at 7 o'clock, at St. John's Hall. 
 
 Peter C. Cortelyou, Chairman. 
 
 David Bruce, Jun. Secretary. 
 
 BOOKBINDERS. 
 At an extra meeting of ^e New York Association of Jour- 
 neymen Bookbinders, heW at Ira Clark's, Park Row, on 
 Monday, 16th Nov. it was unanimously resolved, that the So- 
 ciety unite with their fellow-citizens in celebrating this glorious 
 event ; and that a meeting of the Association be held on Fri- 
 day evening next, to make the necessary preparations. 
 By order of the President. 
 
 John Salmon, Secretary. 
 
 CARTMEN'S MEETING. 
 At a meeting held according to adjournment at Acker's 
 Hotel, corner Bowery and Stanton streets, on Monday even- 
 ing, the 22d instant, Wm. Whitley was called to the chair, and' 
 James Lattin and Jonathan Knapp were chosen secretaries^ 
 and it was resolved unanimously that Mr. Jonathan Knapp 
 address the meeting ; accordingly the following was delivered. 
 P Mr. Chairman, and fellow-cartmen, — I take the liberty of 
 offering a few remarks to this meeting upon the propriety of 
 our celebrating the late Revolution in France. — Many of our 
 citizens consider the event of little or no importance to the 
 inhabitants of the United States ; but, Mr. Chairman, I think 
 very different of such an event when France is concerned. 
 Let us look back to the history of our own country during the 
 struggle for independence, a contest which gave birth to a na- 
 tion, ifjt is not already, it bids fair to be the greatest among 
 the nations of the earth, and permit me to tell you, fellow- 
 cartmen, in my humble opinion, that had it not been for the 
 assistance of Lafayette, and the French army and fleet that' 
 were sent to this country, that we would have been groaning 
 under the British yoke of tyranny to this day ; and there is 
 no doubt but oppression upon oppression would have been 
 heaped upon our necks far more burthensome than our fathers 
 before the Revolution experienced— and shall we refuse to 
 show our gratitude and respect to France and the companion 
 of Washington, the father of our country. Where is the 
 tiinn that has done so great a deed as Lafayette, without ih& 
 
 4* 
 
42 CELEBRATI0H €^ Tir£ 
 
 hope or expectation of reward ? It is true that we had mrm 
 of the best generals that history gives any account of. But 
 our men were nearly worn out by fatigue, and our army re- 
 duced to a handful of good rneuj and our ways and means for 
 carrying on the war were entirely expended, and at this awful 
 ^ijd critical juncture, the French having a spirit of independ- 
 ence, flew to our aid, and the combined forces freed us from 
 the tyrannical grasp of the British king : and, fellow-cartmen, 
 let our conduct on the approaching 25th instant show to the 
 world that we are Americans at h^art, and let us beware of 
 that destroyer of the character of mankind, let our conduct on 
 that day particularly, be such that we may gain the respect of 
 all classes of the American community, that the character of 
 the cartmen of the city of New York may rank as high as 
 any other class of the community. 
 
 It was further resolved, that a committee be appointed to 
 wait on the cartmen of Brooklyn, requesting them to associate 
 with us. 
 
 Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be published, 
 together with the above address. 
 
 Wm. Whitley, Chairman. 
 
 James Lattiis, ? ^ ^ • 
 T Tz } becretaries. 
 
 JoNATHArv' KnAPP, ) 
 
 At a very numerous meeting of public cartmen, held accord- 
 ing to public notice at the Military Hall, corner of Grand and 
 Ludlow streets, on the evening of the 19th Nov. 1830, for the 
 purpose of adopting a plan of organization to be observed at 
 the celebration of the French Revolution on the 25th instant, 
 Wm. Whitley was chosen chairman, and Jonathan Knapp and 
 James Lattin appointed secretaries. The following resolu- 
 tions were unanimously adopted, viz. 
 
 Resolved, That Richard Robinson (Foreman of Class 
 No. 1) officiate as Grand Foreman, and Garrit Van Ostrand, 
 and Abm. Voorhees, assistants. 
 
 Resolved, That Maj.. John Carnes be Grand Marshal, and 
 Wm. Whitley, Wm. B. Traph Hagen, George Sibelt, John 
 Van Wart, Jonathan Knapp, and Thomas Bloomer, assistants. 
 
 Resolved, That the cartmen assemble at the junction of the 
 Bowery and Third Avenue, on the 25th instant, and that the 
 line be formed at 8 o'clock A. M. precisely. 
 
 Resolved, that the cartmen appear on horseback, wearing a 
 white frock, cartmen's badge on the left breast, and tri-coloure4 
 cockade. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 43 
 
 Resolved, That such other regulations as are necessary, be 
 made by the different committees appointed for that purpose, 
 and by future meetings of the cartmen. 
 
 Resolved, That these proceedings be published in the papers 
 friendly to the cause of liberty, 
 
 William Whitley, Chairman. 
 
 Jonathan Knapp, ) g^^^etaries. 
 James Lattin, ^ 
 
 APPRENTICES. 
 
 A meeting of the New- York Apprentices was held at Broad- 
 way Hall on the 23d instant, agreeably to pubHc notice, to take 
 into consideration the propriety of celebrating the late Revo- 
 lution in France — on motion, Mr. John Green was appointed 
 chairman, and Wm. H. Chandler, secretary, for the evening. 
 
 Resolved, That it is considered expedient to celebrate, with 
 the citizens of this city, the late Revolution in France. 
 
 Resolved, That we nominate three candidates to meet the 
 Committee of Arrangements this evening at Tammany Hall, 
 viz. Wm. S. More, Josephus N. Crain, and Robert Hoey, 
 who reported their success, and their place in the procession, 
 immediately after the cartmen. 
 
 Resolved, That the apprentices who intend to take part in 
 the celebration on that day, are requested to invite their asso- 
 ciates, and to wear the tri-coloured cockade. 
 
 On motion, it was resolved, That a committee be appointed 
 to make the necessary arrangements for the day, to consist of 
 six ; viz. Achilles R. Crain, Robert Hoey, Josephus N. Crain, 
 Wm. S. More, Charles Byram, and John Ball. 
 
 The Committee of Arrangements have taken into considera- 
 tion, the duty they owe, as a society of young men, to celebrate, 
 as far as in them lies, the 25tb of November, in unison with 
 their seniors, in commemoration of the glorious Revolution in 
 France, and do unanimously recommend to the association the 
 following resolutions : 
 
 Resolved, That the apprentices now present will ask their 
 fellow-apprentices to meet with them on the 26th of November, 
 at No. 440, Broadway Hall, half past 7 o'clock. 
 
 Resolved, That every apprentice will furnish himself with a 
 tri-coloured cockade for the occasion. 
 
 Resolved, That a marshal and two aids be appointed to su- 
 perintend and direct the order of the day—Robert Hoey for 
 marshal, and Charles Byram and Wm. S, More, appointed as^ 
 aids. 
 
44 CELEBRATION GF TSiE 
 
 Resolved, Thsit any young mechanic who feels disposed to 
 bring out any piece of work on that day, be allowed the privi- 
 lege to do the same. 
 
 Resolved, That the proceedings ofthis meeting be published 
 in all the papers friendly to the cause. 
 
 Resolved, That the master mechanics be requested to allow 
 their apprentices to take part in the celebration of the day. 
 
 John Green, Chairman. 
 
 Wm. H. Chandler, Secretary. 
 
 AUCTIONEERS' CLERKS. 
 
 At a meeting held on Saturday evening, it was unanimously 
 resolved, to celebrate the triumph of liberal principles, by join- 
 ing in the celebration on the 25th instant. The bamjiers of 
 the auctioneers will be borne by the chairman and secretary of 
 the meeting. Samuel Peck, Chairman. 
 
 James Morrison, Secretary, 
 
 ^ MERCHANTS' CLERKS. 
 
 At a meetingof the merchants' clerks of the city of New-York, 
 at the Shakspeare Hotel, on Tuesday evening, November 23d, 
 Joseph Breck was called to the chair, and T. Tuttle, jun. ap- 
 pointed secretary. The following preamble and resolutions 
 were unanimously adopted : 
 
 That in consideration of the late glorious events in France, 
 which have placed her among the free nations of the earth, we 
 deem it expedient to join with the other associations in the 
 celebration to take place on the 25th inst. Therefore, Re- 
 solved, 
 
 1st. That we join with our fellow-citizens in celebrating the 
 late Revolution in France. 
 
 2d. That a committee of three be appointed to wait on the 
 Tammany Hall Committee, and request that a suitable place 
 be assigned us in the procession. 
 
 3d. That this committee consist of the chairman, secretary, 
 and Wm. M'Cauley. 
 
 4th. That a suitable badge and cockade be obtained for the 
 occasion. 
 
 5th. That a committee be appointed to prepare an invitation 
 to the clerks generally to co-operate with us. When all classes^ 
 of our fellow-citizens are taking active measures to celebrate 
 the late glorious Revolution in France, it would ill become the 
 merchants' clerks of this city to remain inactive on the occa- 
 sion^ We, the eommittee (xippointed for that" purpose), dw 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 45 
 
 respectfully request them to participate with us in the festivities 
 of the day. As the means of doing this with the more unani- 
 mity, they would earnestly request them to meet this evening 
 at the Exchange Coffee-House, to receive the reports of the 
 various committees appointed last evening. 
 
 6tb. That this meeting be adjourned till Wednesday evening, 
 at the Exchange Coffee-House, corner of Nassau and Pine 
 streets, ^t 7 o'clock. 
 
 7th. Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be 
 pubhshed in the Daily Advertiser, and Courier and Enquirer. 
 
 Joseph Breck, Chairman. 
 
 T. M. Tuttle, Secretary. 
 
 FIRST DIVISION NEVV^-YORK STATE ARTILLERY. 
 Division Orders, 
 
 New-York, Nov. Id, IS30. 
 
 The several societies and associations of the citizens having 
 agreed to celebrate by a public procession the glorious events 
 which took place in France on the 27th, 28th, and 29th days 
 of July last, have invited the corps of Artillery to unite with 
 them on the occasion. They have selected for the time of the 
 celebration the 25th instant, a day rendered interesting to us 
 as the anniversary of the day which restored our citizens to 
 their altars and their homes, at the close of the Revolutionary 
 War. 
 
 As members of this free Republic we cannot but hail with 
 joy the extension of the blessings of freedom to the other 
 members of the great family of mankind. And we cannot 
 but view with feelings of the deepest interest and pleasure, the 
 establishment of the principles of freedom and self-government 
 in that nation, whose gallant soldiers shed their blood with 
 ours in the War of Independence. 
 
 The Major-General was therefore pleased with the ready 
 assent of the corps t^ co-operate with their fellow-citizens in 
 the proposed celebration. 
 
 The Committee of Arrangements for the civic procession 
 have directed the several societies to assemble in Canal-street, 
 to move at 10 o'clock. 
 
 The Major-General therefore directs the troops of the division 
 to form in Hudson-street, on Thursday, the 25th instant, the 
 right resting on Canal-street, so that the line be prepared for 
 review at a quarter before ten o'clock precisely. Brigadier- 
 General Hopkins, of the Foot Artillery,^ will cause the national 
 flag to be hoisted at the Battery at sunrise, and will fire a na- 
 
46 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 tional salute at Washington Parade Ground, at the close of 
 the Address, which will be delivered by Samuel L. Gouver- 
 neur, Esq. 
 
 Col. A. Ming, jun. and Lieut.-CoL Andrew Warner, of the 
 13th regiment, will officiate in the staff of the Major-General, 
 and will be recognised accordingly. 
 
 The Committee of Arrangements having recommended the 
 tri-coloured badge to be worn in the procession, the Major- 
 General recommends to the corps the adoption of the same. 
 
 Commissary-General Muir will furnish the necessary ammu- 
 nition for a salute, and for nine rounds of musketry, upon re- 
 quisition from the proper authorities. 
 
 By order of Major-General Morton. 
 
 S. D. Jackson, Division Inspector. 
 
 INFANTRY OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF |NEW-YORK. 
 The officers of the Infantry of the city and county of New 
 York, will assemble in Varick-street, opposite St.' John's Cha- 
 pel, on the 25th instant, at 9 o'clock, A. M. precisely, in full 
 uniform, and on foot, for the purpose of joining in the con- 
 templated celebration of the late triumph of Freedom in 
 France. 
 
 George S, Doughty, Brig. Gen. 
 
 3d Div. Infantry. 
 Wm. L. Morris, Col. 97th Reg. 
 
 46th Brig. 28th Div. Infantry. 
 John Lloyd, Col. iOth Reg. 
 
 3d Brig. 2d Div. Infantry. 
 
 
 s 
 s 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 N.B» The appropriate tri-coloured badge to be worn on' the 
 breast, may be obtained on the ground at the time of assem- 
 bling. 
 
 The letter of the regulations of the U. S. Army and the 
 practice of the officers under it, appear to have varied in rela- 
 tion to v)earing the sash when off duty ; but in accordance 
 with the practice adopted in the Army — the sash will he worn 
 on the present occasion. 
 
 THIRD DIVISION OF N. Y. S. INFANTRY. 
 The officers of this division are invited to join in the cele- 
 bration, on the 25lh instant, of the Revolution in France. They 
 will assemble in the uniform of their corps, on Thursday next, 
 at 9 o'clock A. M. precisely, in Varick-street, in front of St. 
 John's Church.^ Augustus Fleming, 
 
 Maj. Gen. of 3d Div. Inf. 
 
 ^mt 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 47 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT N. Y. S. ARTILLERY. 
 4^/i Company Jackson Guards, 
 
 This company will assemble for parade in full uniform at 
 the Arsenal Yard, on the 25th instant, at half past 7 o'clock, 
 A. M. to commemorate the Evacuation of this City by the 
 British in 1783, and also the late glorious Revolution in 
 France, which has set so happy an example to the oppressed 
 of all nations. 
 
 The members will call for badges at the Captain's quarters, 
 75 Catharine-street. 
 
 By order of Captain Ridden. 
 
 Charles Doherty, O. S. 
 
 WASHINGTON GUARDS. 
 
 Second Regiment N, Y. S. Light Infantry. 
 
 Regimental Orders. 
 
 New- York, November 11 tk, 1830, 
 
 The Commandant cannot allow this, the first opportunity, to 
 pass, without expressing the pleasure he experienced on the 
 day of the last inspection parade. The prompt attention, sol- 
 dier-like deportment, and neat appearance of the regiment, 
 were such as to merit his most decided approbation. 
 
 The late glorious Revolution in France, by which a whole na- 
 tion was delivered from the iron hand of oppression, and made 
 free and independent, having received the unanimous applause 
 of every friend of Liberty — it is therefore with peculiar satis- 
 faction that the Commandant announces to the regiment, that 
 he has received an invitation from the Committee appointed 
 (by the meeting at which James Monroe, formerly President 
 of the United States, presided) to make arrangements for 
 the commemoration of this grand event ; and likewise from 
 the Commandant of the First Brigade of New- York Artillery, 
 to join his command. The Commandant cannot refrain from 
 exprevSsing his belief, that every man attached to his command 
 who glories in the name of an American, and who values the 
 liberty of his own country, will ha^il with delight the opportunity 
 of celebrating the *^ Three Glorious Days" — the harbingers of 
 universal liberty to Europe. 
 
 The regiment will parade in full uniform, without knapsacks, 
 on Thursday, the 25th instant. The line to be formed in 
 Chatham square at 8^ o'clock, A. M. Commandants of Com- 
 panies will order their commands sufficiently early to enable 
 the Adjutant to have the line formed by the time specified. 
 
48 CELEBKAiTION OS THE 
 
 A tri-coloured breast-knot will be furnished each officer, non- 
 commissioned officer, and private on the ground. 
 By order of G. P. Hewitt, Colonel. 
 
 H. M*CuTCHEN, Acting Adjutant. 
 
 THE OFFICERS OF THE U. S. ARMY. 
 The officers of the U. S. Army during the late war will 
 meet at the Adelphi Hotel, in Canal-street, on the morning of 
 the 25th instant, at half past 8 o'clock, with black cockade 
 and eagle, as worn during that war, and the French badge of 
 the day, to join in the celebration of French emancipation. 
 By order of Major Howakd, President. 
 W. T. WiLLARD, Secretary, 
 
 25th NOVEMBER, 1830. 
 
 This day, ever memorable from an event so peculiarly iden- 
 tified with our Revolutionary history, was at this crisis to burst 
 upon us with an increase of intense interest. It was the day 
 appointed to commingle with our own rejoicings events 
 equally glorious to France, and of promising benefit to all 
 mankind — to commemorate the disenthralment of our early 
 ally upon that very day, the return of which, for forty-seven 
 yearS; had been signalized as one of enthusiastic recollection. 
 The patriotic feeling was not circumscribed to this great city : 
 it spread throughout the State and the adjacent country ; and 
 its influence conducted thousands to the spot where was to be 
 presented a sublime and imposing spectacle, rendered so by 
 thie hallowed causes that called for it, and by the zealous and 
 undivided effort to make it worthy the great objects contem- 
 plated. 
 
 For several days preceding, our steamboats and stages 
 were in continual requisition, conveying throngs of our fair 
 countrywomen, who, with fathers, husbands, and brothers, 
 participating in the noble feeling, were desirous to be present, 
 — to look upon and to share in all of grateful pleasure, and 
 of pure delight, that would grow out of the events of the day. 
 The Committee of Arrangement had notified, that should the 
 weather be unfavourable, the celebration would be postponed 
 to the first fair day succeeding. The morning of the 24th was 
 indicative of such postponement — the evening realized all 
 doubt; and the 25th was ushered in, not by the bells' merry 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 49 
 
 peal, the loud sounding cannon, and alJ the active and joyful 
 note of preparation, but by a continuation of the north- east 
 storm, which unceasingly raged in despite of disappointed 
 man. The day, however, was yet the ^2bth of J^ovember^ 
 and was not to be forgotten by the Veteran Corps of Artillery ; 
 they had braved the missiles of battle in the gloomy hour that 
 tried men's souls, and they were not to be dismayed by the 
 pelting of the storm. These men of '' 1776" at early light 
 repaired to the Battery, and from the cannon's mouth told, 
 in loud re-echoing sound, that it was the proud and hearty 
 welcome of the return of a day glorious in our nation's his- 
 tory. The stars and stripes waved majestically from the 
 summit of our batteries, our national vessels, and our public 
 edifices. The shipping also exhibited this proud insignia of 
 the Republic^ and several societies, as they were wont to do, 
 celebrated the day around the festive board. 
 
 The morning of the 26th opened to view under a more aus- 
 picious sky ; and, at early dawn, nearly the whole population 
 ©f this immense city were in active movement. One spirit, 
 one feeling seemed to pervade all ranks and ages ; and, save 
 a pitiful few, whom nothing generous can inspire, nothing 
 noble can actuate, and nothing patriotic can excite — all were 
 enthusiastically alive to the cel€bration of the French Revo- 
 lution, The feuds of party were immolated at the shrine of 
 patriotism ; political partisans, who, but one short month pre- 
 vious, were arrayed in determined opposition, were now seen 
 amalgamating, and alone contending who should best promote 
 the cause of liberal principles. Nor were these the most gra- 
 tifying of the passing scenes. Our countrytvomen, the virtuous 
 and patriotic daughters of the matrons of 1776 — they who 
 bear their heritage so fit and proper — they who, in our second 
 war, were distinguished for devotedness to their country — 
 were now to be seen wearing the smile of cheering approval, 
 which seemed to say, we participate with you. 
 
 At sunrise, the Veteran Corps of Artillery , true to thf ir post, 
 went over the order of the preceding morning, and fired a salute 
 from the Battery. The bells of the various churches rang a 
 merry peal throughout the day ; all the public vessels, and the 
 shipping in the harbour, made the most brilliant dis[)lay of the 
 various national flags, and of signals, that has ever been wit- 
 nessed in this city ; and from the public houses were seen 
 waving the tri-coloured flag and the star-spangled banner. In 
 the city, all business was suspended ; the stores and shops 
 were closed ; the wharves presented a striking contrast to that 
 
 5 
 
j50 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 bustle and activity that, at times of business, we are accus» 
 tomed to witness. Wall-street, even that busy mart, was de- 
 serted. The Exchange in vain asked for its usual occupants ; 
 and the Customs looked as though the days of the embargo had 
 revived. 
 
 It is worthy of remark, and speaks volumes in praise of the 
 character of our population, that this grand celebration, in 
 which it is calculated upwards of 100,000 souls were actu- 
 ally engaged, passed off without any serious disturbance — 
 without a solitary accident, and without any of those encroach- 
 ments upon 'personal property ^ so common upon these occa- 
 sions. Upon this last astonishing fact we must put the most 
 liberal construction, and say, that the day was considered so 
 sacred in its character, that even viilany and depravity were 
 constrained for the time, to wear a virtue. 
 
 THE PROCESSION. 
 
 The appointment of Samuel Swartwout, Esq. as Marshal- 
 in-Chief^ was judiciously made, and met with general appro- 
 bation. His active mind, promptitude of action, and acknow- 
 ledged experience, were qualifications essentially necessary 
 upon the present occasion. Each hour of the day was valu- 
 able ; and to move off, at the time appointed, at least 26,000 
 men, with the numerous appendages of the pageant that ne- 
 cessarily impeded such movement, was not easily to be effected ; 
 yet this was promptly done, and we owe to the Marshal-in- 
 Chief, and his well-appointed aids, the measure of keeping 
 alive the interest of the anxious multitude ; for their activity 
 would not permit even the most restless to remark, that they 
 sickened from delay. 
 
 MARCH. 
 
 The line of march was taken up at about half past 10 
 o'clock, and the right of the procession reached Washington 
 Square at about 1 o'clock. At this time the extreme rear was 
 passing the corner of Canal and Sullivan streets. The streets 
 through which the procession passed were thronged to excess ; 
 and it was delightful to behold, throughout the whole distance, 
 the balconies, porticoes, and windows of nearly every dwell- 
 ing crowded with spectators, and these bespreading a halcyon 
 liiht around, for they were the virtuous and patriotic daugh- 
 ters of a great and happy republic — of a land consecrated 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 61 
 
 to liberty — the land of WasMngton and of Hancocle — -of 
 Greene and of Adams — of WafTen and of Jefferson — of 
 FranJclin and of Madison — of Laurens and of Monroe; — 
 the land that in '' 1812" called to the battle-field, and to the 
 councils of the nation, " sons worthy their sires^^^ and whose 
 deeds of valour, and minds capacious, proclaimed to the 
 world, that '* the mantle had descended.''^ 
 
 CELEBRATION OF THE LATE REVOLUTION IN 
 FRANCE, November 25th, 1830. 
 
 At sunrise a salute will be fired by the Veteran Corps of 
 Artillery, from the Battery. 
 
 At eight o'clock, twelve o'clock, and five o'clock in tlii^ 
 afternoon, the bells will ring a merry peal. 
 
 The American and tri-coloured flags will be displayed from 
 public places, and the shipping in the harbour will hoist the 
 various flags of their nations. 
 
 At eight o'clock, each society or association will assemble 
 at their respective rendezvous, and at nine o* oXook, precisely , be 
 at head-quarters, on the north side of Canal-street. The 
 military will form on the south side of Canal-street, their right 
 on Broadway, and precisely at ten o'clock the whole will move 
 in the following order : 
 
 A SQUADRON OF CAVALRY. 
 
 Trumpets, 
 SAML. SWARTWOUT, Marshal-in-Chief. 
 M. M. Noah, ] 
 
 Charles A. Clinton, ! a^i 
 Silas E. Burrows, ( 
 Daniel Jackson, J 
 
 Barouche containing Colonel Monroe, late President of 
 the United States, and President of -the Committee of two 
 hundred and fifty, accompanied by the Vice Presidents Gal- 
 latin, Herttell, and Bowne. 
 
 The General Committee of Arrangements, composed of the 
 original Committee of Fifteen, and the Committee of Fifty, 
 and such members of the Committee of Two Hundred as are 
 not assigned to other places. 
 
 Orator of the day and Reader of the Address. 
 
B2 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 Band of Music. 
 Choristers, 
 
 Mayor and Corporation, with their Staffs of Office. 
 
 High Sheriff and Deputies. 
 
 Acting Governor, and the Lt. Governor elect of the State^ 
 and Governor of New- Jersey. 
 
 Members of Congress and the State Legislature. 
 
 Judges of the United States and State Courts, with their 
 officers, and the Marshal of the United States. , 
 
 Corporation of the village of Brooklyn. 
 
 President and Trustees of Jersey City. 
 
 FIRST ©IVISIOIf. 
 
 M. M. Quackenboss, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in- 
 Chief. 
 
 Society of the Cincinnati, together with Revolutionary Offi- 
 cers, and officers of the late war. 
 
 Foreign Ministers and Consuls. 
 
 Albany Delegation. 
 
 New-York Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Mr. Anthony Glenn, an officer of the Navy of the Revolu- 
 tion, in a barouche, bearing the identical standard of the 
 United States, which was haisted by him immediately on the 
 British evacuating this city, in 1783 ; also, in the same ba- 
 rouche, Alexander VVhaley, David Williams, and Enoch Crosby. 
 
 Mr. John Van Norsdale, on horseback. On the evacuation 
 of the city, in 1783, Mr. Van Norsdale pulled down the Bri- 
 tish flag, and ran the halliards with which Mr. Glenn hoisted 
 the American standard. 
 
 SECOND DIVISION. 
 
 Edward M. Green way. Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in- 
 Chief. 
 
 Citizens of France, bearing the tri- coloured flag, with ap- 
 propriate emblems and devices. 
 
 Rev. Clergy of all denominations. 
 
 Trustees, Faculty, and Students of Columbia College. 
 
 Trustees of the N. Y. University. 
 
 Teachers of the Public and Private Schools. 
 
 Members of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the 
 State of New- York. 
 
 Members of the Medical Faculty, Physicians arid Students. 
 
 Members of the Bar, and Students at Law. 
 
 THIRD DIVISION. 
 
 Joel Curtis, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 
 Officers of the Army, of the Navy, and of the Marine Corps 
 of the United States. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 53 
 
 Delegation from the Boston Light Infantry. 
 Albany Military Association, and Military Officers of other 
 States. 
 
 Albany Delegation of Printers. 
 Officers of the Militia in uniform, off duty. 
 Band of Music. 
 
 FOURTH DIVISION. 
 
 Prosper M. Wetmore, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in- 
 Chief. 
 
 Printers, and Members of the Typographical Society, and 
 Typefounders. 
 
 Tailors, and Journeynian Tailors' Society. 
 
 FIFTH DIVISION. 
 
 John L. Graham, Aid, delegated by the Marshal- in- Chief. 
 Bakers, and Bakers' Benefit Society. 
 Coopers, and Journeymen Coopers' Society. 
 
 SIXTH DIVISION. 
 
 Richard Pennel, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 
 
 Butchers. 
 
 Tanners, Curriers, and Leather Dressers. 
 
 Cordwainers' Society, and Cordvi^ainers in general. 
 
 SEVENTH DIVISION. 
 
 Charles McEvers, Jr., Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in- 
 Chief. 
 Hatters. 
 
 Masons, and Journeynian Masons. 
 House Carpenters and Joiners, 
 Black and White Smiths. 
 Manufacturers of Steam Engines and Boilers. 
 Moulders. 
 
 EIGHTH DIVISION. 
 
 C. D. Colden, Aid, delegated by the Marshal in-Chief. 
 Painters, Glaziers, and House Painters' Society. 
 Stone Cutters. 
 Musical Instrument Makers. 
 
 NINTH DIVISION. 
 
 Wm. Dumont, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 
 
 Cabinet Makers. 
 
 Patent Bedstead Manufacturers. 
 
 Upholsterers. 
 
 TENTH DIVISION. 
 
 George D. Strong, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 
 Carvers and Gilders. 
 
 6* 
 
54 CELEBRATION QF THU 
 
 ELEVENTH DIVISION. 
 
 F. Groshon, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 
 Coach Makers, Saddlers, and Harness Makers. 
 Bricklayers, Plasterers, and Slaters. 
 Tobacconists. 
 
 News Carriers' Benevolent Society. 
 Band of Music. 
 
 TWELFTH DIVISION. 
 
 John R. Livingston, Jr., Aid, delegated by the Marshal-iu* 
 Chief. 
 
 Firemen and Fire Department. 
 The Pilot Society. 
 New-York Watermen's Society. 
 Chair Makers' Society. 
 Comb Makers in general. 
 
 THIRTEENTH DIVISION. 
 
 Amos Palmer, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 
 
 Book Binders' Society. 
 
 New- York Gas Workmen's Friendly Society. 
 
 FOURTEENTH DIVISION. 
 
 Robert Lawrence, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-ChieC 
 Hibernian Universal Benevolent Society. 
 Erin Friendly Society, of Brooklyn. 
 Landlords' Society for Sea-faring Men. 
 
 FIFTEENTH DIVISION. 
 
 B. Delapiere, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 
 
 Cartmen. 
 
 Apprentices in general. 
 
 Clerks in general. 
 
 SIXTEENTH DIVISION. 
 
 George Davis, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in- Chief. 
 Dyers and Printers. 
 
 Citizens, Artizans, and Mechanics, not embraced in the 
 foregoing arrangements. 
 
 THE MILITARY. 
 
 The civic part of the procession will form in Canal street, 
 the right on the North River, its left on the corner of Canal- 
 street, extending up Broadway. They will countermarch by 
 the left, and move up Canal-street to Broadway, down Broad- 
 way to the Park, around the Park, up Chatham-street, up the 
 Bowery to Broome, through Broome-street to Broadway, up 
 Broadway to Fourth-street, down Fourth-street to Washington 
 Square. 
 
REVOLUTION IN PKANCE, 1830. 55 
 
 On arriving at Washington Square, the procession will 
 enter at the eastern gate (the cars, engines, &c. to be left out- . 
 side), and will pass round the Square until all the Societies 
 are within the enclosure ; — the military forming in such order 
 as the Major General shall direct. 
 
 When the Grand Marshal and Aids, the Orator, and the 
 Reader of the Address, President, Vice Presidents and Secre- 
 taries of the General Meeting, the Sub Committee of Arrange- 
 ments, and the Cincinnati, shall be seated on the stage erected 
 for the purpose, a grand roll of the drums shall be the signal 
 for the ceremonies to commence, as follows : 
 
 PRAYER, 
 
 Address from the people of New- York to the French peo- 
 ple, to be read by Wm. M. Price, Esq. 
 
 ORATION 
 
 By Samuel L. Gouverneur, Esq. 
 
 ODE, 
 
 Written for the occasion, by Samuel Wood worth. Printer, and 
 printed during the march of the procession, to be sung by the 
 choir. 
 
 Presentation of the tri-coloured flag, by Ihe natives of 
 France resident in New-York, to the First Division of Artillery. 
 
 Marsellois Hymn, to be sung by the choir. 
 
 Feu dejoie to be fired by the troops. 
 
 Bands to play Hail Columbia, and dismiss. 
 
 Colonel James B. Murray is appointed to take charge of 
 Washington Square, as Officer of the Day, and will be re- 
 spected accordingly. 
 
 Capt. John D. Jackson, of the Scott Cadets, will mount 
 guard at Washington Square, on the 25th, and will report to 
 Col. Murray for orders. 
 
 It is respectfully requested that the citizens suspend business 
 on the day of celebration. 
 
 All persons in the procession will wear the tri-coloured 
 badge in the button hole of the left breast. 
 
 It is requested that all obstructions be removed from the 
 streets through which the procession will march, and that no 
 carriages or carts occupy such streets during the procession. 
 
 In case the weather should prove so unfavourable as to ren- 
 der a postponement necessary, the Grand Marshal will give 
 notice thereof, by causing a red flag to be hoisted at 8 o'clock 
 A. M., at the City Hall, at Niblo's, at the Parade Ground 
 Castle Garden, and the Liberty Pole, Grand Street, in the 
 tenth Ward : and, in case of such postponement, the cere- 
 
66 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 monies will take place on the following day, unless a similar 
 flag is displayed. 
 
 By order of the Committee of Arrangements. 
 
 PHILIP HONE, Chairman. 
 
 Wm. M. Price, ) ^ 
 
 Daniel Jackson, J Secretaries. 
 
 The above regulations will be carried into operation this day. 
 S. SWARTWOUT, Marshal-in-Chief. 
 
 ORDER OF THE PROCESSION. 
 
 The following description of the Procession is in a great mea- 
 sure taken from the " New- York Courier and Enquirer," and 
 the *' New-York Standard." It has been improved upon, 
 by introducing many names of the Military, Marshals, and 
 others, who were prominent in the Pageant. 
 
 First came a Squadron of Cavalry elegantly uniformed, and 
 mounted upon beautiful chargers, who appeared to have been 
 selected for the purpose, and whose fine appearance gave an 
 earnest of what was to follow. 
 
 The Marshal-in-Chief, accompanied by four of his Aids, the 
 Surgeon of the day, and Messrs. J. F. N. Vouthier, Martins 
 Parvou, H. Chevrelat, G. Duvivier, C. Colemard, Dr. Depeyre, 
 A. Lemoyne, and A. S. Perrot, wearing the beautiful and ap- 
 propri^ite uniform of the National Guards of France. 
 
 A barouche containing Messrs. Gallatin and Herttell, the 
 Vice-Presidents of the Committee of two hundred and fifty, and 
 the Orator of the day, and the reader of the Address. Col. 
 Monroe was expected to occupy a seat in this barouche, but 
 the feeble state of his health /orbade his joining the procession 
 until within a short distance of Washington Square. 
 
 The original Committee of fifteen appointed by the Work- 
 ing Men at Westchester House, Robert Walker, Esq. Chair- 
 man ; the Committee of Arrangements and the Sub- Committee 
 of fourteen, carrying batons as insignia of their authority, 
 Philip Hone, Esq., Chairman ; together with such members of 
 the Committee of two hundred and fifty as were not on duty 
 with the different societies or Military — all wearing a badge 
 engraved for the purpose by Mr. T. R. Whitney. 
 
 Band of Music. 
 
 Choristers belonging to the Park Theatre. 
 
 Mayor and Corporation, with their Staffs of Office. 
 
 High Sheriff and Deputies. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 57 
 
 Members of Congress and of the State Legislature. 
 
 Judges of the United States and State Courts, with their offi- 
 cers, and the Marshal of the United States. 
 
 Foreign Ministers and Consuls. 
 
 Albany Delegation of Printers. 
 
 New- York Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Mr. Anthony Glenn, an officer of the Navy of the Revolu- 
 tion, in a barouche, bearing the identical standard of the 
 United States which was hoisted by him immediately on the 
 British evacuating the city in 1783 — also in the same barouch© 
 Alexander Whaley, David Williams, and Enoch Crosby. 
 
 Side by side with the Standard borne by Mr. Glenn, and which 
 was loaned for the occasion by the Proprietors of the American 
 Museum — floated a beautiful tri-coloured flag, forwarded from 
 Philadelphia by Colonel James Page, Commandant of the 
 State Fencibles, to whom it was lately presented by Miss 
 Emilie Chapron. 
 
 This group attracted great attention, and from time to time 
 received enthusiastic cheers from the assembled multitude. 
 The venerable Patriots who composed it appeared to partici- 
 pate largely in the feelings of the day, while their countenances 
 beamed with smiles of pleasure at recollections of the past ani 
 anticipations of the future. We thought we could occasionally 
 see a tear trickling down their aged cheeks — but it was not in 
 sorrow ; the smile which played on their lips, and the eye 
 that turned towards heaven, spoke only of heartfelt satisfaction,, 
 and a half-breathed prayer for the happiness and freedom of 
 mankind. 
 
 Mr. John Van Norsdale, on horseback, who, on the evacua- 
 tion of the city in 1783, pulled down the British flag, and 
 reeved the halliards with which Mr Glenn hoisted the Ame- 
 rican standard. 
 
 Citizens of France, about ^ve hundred in number, under the 
 direction of their Marshals on horseback, wearing the uniform 
 of the National Guards. The brothers Peugnet carried alter- 
 nately the tri-coloured flag of France, and immediately after 
 them followed the French Consul and his suite. The whole 
 marched six abreast, and wore the tri-coloured cockade, with 
 appropriate badges. Their appearance was imposing, and every 
 eye turned to them as the immediate representatives of the 
 brave people whose triumph we were celebrating. 
 
 Trustees, Faculty, and Students of Columbia College, pre- 
 ceded by their President, William A. Duer, and Professor Ren- 
 wick, The Students wore their gowns with a tri-coloured 
 
68 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 badge, and one of them bore a beautiful Banner, which had 
 been prepared for the occasion, presenting a nnedallion of La* 
 fayette, with a Greek legend, importing, '* The glory of this 
 man shall be for ever*" 
 
 Trustees of the N. Y. University. 
 
 Teachers of the Public and Private Schools. 
 
 Members of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the 
 State of New- York. 
 ^ Members of the Medical Faculty, Physicians and Students. 
 
 Members of the Bar and Students at Law. 
 
 Officers of the Army, of the Navy, and of the Marine corps 
 of the United States in uniform, headed by Major-General 
 Scott, Commodore Chauncey, and Colonel Gamble. Belong- 
 ing to the Army, were Colonels Croghan, Vose, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel J. B. Crane, Majors H. Stanton, C. B. Tallmadge, 
 Captains L. Whiting, J. Schmuck, Lieutenants Mahan, and 
 Kennedy, Doctors Macomb and Russel. The Navy, Captains 
 Leonard, Chauncey, Kearney, Gregory, and Cooper, Lieu- 
 tenants Mix, Hudson, Auchmuty and Craven, Doctor Cook 
 
 Delegation from the Boston Light Infantry, wearing the uni- 
 form of their corps with side-arms. Consisting of Messrs. 
 James L. Hewett, William H. Tilleston, H. B. Humphrey, 
 Joseph T. Atwill, William H. Hudson, Thomas Minns, Jr., J. 
 E. Hazleton, H. B. Willis. 
 
 Albany Military Association and also Military officers of other 
 States. Consisting of Generals Van Renssalear, Cooper, and 
 Dewitt, Colonels Van Schaick and Van Veaghten, Majors 
 Sheppard, Eights, Lieutenants King and Townsend, with many 
 others. 
 
 Officers of the Infantry in uniform, about two hundred in 
 nnmber, and marching in platoons with a front of six files. The 
 effect of this part of the procession was very fine, and exceeded 
 any thing of the kind we have witnessed. A correct idea of 
 it, can only be formed by imagining a well drilled Regiment of 
 men wearing the neat yet beautiful uniform of our United 
 States Infantry Officers. 
 
 Printers, and Members of the Typographical Society and 
 Typefounders, preceded by their venerable Marshal John Lang, 
 one of the proprietors of the Gazette, and who has been con- 
 nected with the press of this city for more than forty years. 
 
 Immediately after the Marshal, marched those who are con- 
 nected with Morning and Evening Papers, bearing a large 
 and beautiful Banner, having the device a Clymer Printing 
 Press, over which soared, with wide extended wings, the Am^ 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1 830. 59 
 
 rican Eagle, holding in its talons the bust of Frankhn ; and in 
 its beak, the following motto : Verite sans peur — truth without 
 fear. On the right, was the goddess of liberty, supporting the 
 American flag : on the left, a full-sized figure of a slave, bound 
 in chains, who had burst the shackles from one arm, and had 
 laid hold of the press for emancipation. Behind him was a 
 crown reversed, and the sceptre broken in three pieces, in allu- 
 sion to the late Revolution in France. Then followed the 
 Printers generally, with appropriate banners, and two platforms, 
 each drawn by four horses, the first having on it two printing 
 presses, striking off an Ode, written for the occasion to the air of 
 the Marseillois Hymn, and distributing them to the crowd. On 
 the other platform was one of the new invented printing presses, 
 also, in operation, at intervals, throwing off various publications. 
 On each platform were several printer's boys, dressed in green 
 frocks, with three-cornered cocked hats, who received the sheets 
 as they came from the press, and threw them out to the multi- 
 tude, as they passed along the streets. 
 
 The Typefounders followed the Printers, their Grand Mar- 
 shal, W. Hagar, preceded them ; and each member of the society 
 wore a tri-coloured cockade, and a badge with the likeness of 
 Washington and Lafayette, with an appropriate inscription 
 commemorative of the events of the 27th, 28th, 29th July. 
 Under the head of Washington was incribed — " Our Coun- 
 try's Father" and under Lafayette '• Our Country's Friend," 
 At the head of the society Mr. Jonn Thompson carriexl a large 
 banner. He was attended by two small boys who wore white 
 silk aprons trimmed with blue and red. The banner had in- 
 scribed on it the name of the society, and a workman in the 
 operation of casting type, and a boy in attendance. On the top 
 the likenesses of the three reputed fathers of the profession, 
 Guttenberg, Faust, and Schaeffer. 
 
 The second division had a blue banner carried by E. Pe- 
 louse ; the third division a white banner, carried by D. C. Lam- 
 pard, and the fourth division a red banner borne by P. Hast- 
 ings. Each of the banners exhibited appropriate inscriptions, 
 and were handsomely executed. 
 
 The Tailors and Journeymen Tailors' Society followed the 
 Printers, and with their numerous and beautifully executed 
 banners and devices, made a gorgeous and appropriate display. 
 Their Marshal, John Brashears, with the President, Secretary, 
 and four Assistant Marshals, mounted, with white silk sashes 
 spangled. 
 
 The Bakers and Bakers' Benefit Society, turned out in their 
 
60 €ELEBRATION OF THB 
 
 strength, and like the Tailors, exhibited on this occasion their 
 numerous and appropriate banners. IN either of these societies 
 have furnished us with a description of them, and we can only 
 say, in general terms, that they were important parts of the 
 pageant, and never appeared better. 
 
 Coopers and Journeymen Coopers' Society, with their ban- 
 ners, devices, &c. made aline display. Mr. MfCallum, Mar- 
 shal, was fbllowed by the officers of the Society: James Se- 
 guine. President ; E. M. Luther, Vice-President ; John Moore, 
 Treasurer, and Wm. Asten, Secretary. 
 
 The grand banner, seven feet by eight, borne by Mr. C. 
 Brownell, representing Commerce and Industry, in a branch 
 of the trade — the finishing of a buoy and a view of the East Ri- 
 ver, encircled by a white oak branch, in which was inscribed 
 the motto '* Love as Brethren," next followed. After several 
 files of members came the American and tri-coloured flags, 
 borne by distinguished members ; and situated about central of 
 the Society was the banner which belonged to the Coopers' 
 Society, and was carried by them in the procession of 1789 ; 
 this banner is six by seven feet, representing the arms of the 
 State of New-York, with the union over — and same motto as 
 before, underneath. 
 
 After this followed a small banner, representing in front a 
 finished cask with a part motto over, '' United we stand," and 
 on the reverse a cask stripped of the hoops, and staves falling, 
 with the motto ** Divided we fall." 
 
 The Society was followed by a corps of the apprentices to 
 the trade, who displayed a banner of blue, about three feet by 
 four, borne by Master Robert G. Getty, with the motto in- 
 scribed on it, " Free Trade and Coopers' Rights," and having 
 suspended at the head of the staff a small keg elegantly gilt, 
 &c. 
 
 The badges worn by the membei;s were composed of tri- 
 coloured ribands, bearing the impression at the top of Lafay- 
 ette, under, the title of the Society, the buoy in a finished state, 
 and implements of the trade. 
 
 Butchers' Society, about three hundred, on horseback, with 
 white aprons, check sleeves, and tri-coloured cockades. In 
 front, the Marshal, John Trigler, and four Aids, Arnest Fink, 
 Johj;! Perrin, Walter Disbrow, and George Clinch, wearing 
 tri-coloured scarfs and sashes, chapeaus-du-bras and' small 
 swords. In a barouche were the following veterans of the 
 trade, Jacob Aims, David Marsh, Daniel Winship, George Hut- 
 ton, Caleb Vanderberg, and Jacob Varian. The whole wear- 
 
KEVOLiUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 6! 
 
 iRg a badge, having beautifully engraved upon it an ox about 
 to be slaughtered, attended by a butcher ; at his foot the horn 
 of plenty, and over head '* Public spirit is national wealth," — 
 also, inscriptions referring to the revolution in Paris, and me- 
 dallions of Washington and Lafayette, with striped and tri- 
 Goloured flags festooned around them. 
 
 A car drawn by four oxen contained the skin of the ox Pre- 
 slident, so admirably stuffed^ that we for a time supposed that it 
 could be no less than the ghost of his venerable oxship ; and it 
 was not until we called to mind that we had partaken of a sir- 
 loin of this noble animal, that we perceived it was his skin only 
 which we saw before us. The car was adorned with tri-co- 
 loured ribands, and the star-spangled banner and the tri-colour 
 of the French floated over it. A band of music, in uniform, 
 occupied a car drawn by four horses, led by blacks in oriental 
 costume. A third car contained two lambs, with four boys 
 dressed in white. One of the butchers had a car of his own, 
 on which were a variety of meats, and persons employed in 
 making sausages. All the cars were decorated with tri-co- 
 loured ribands, and the banners were numerous and appro- 
 priate. -^; 
 
 Hatters. 
 
 Masons and Journeymen Masons. 
 
 House Carpenters and Joiners, with their appropriate ban- 
 ners and insignias. Robert Townsend, Jr., and Nathan H. 
 Topping, Marshals. 
 
 Smiths' Society. — All wore trio-badges ; motto ** Working 
 Men of Paris." 
 
 Tliree banners. One large, two small. On the large, ia 
 oil painting, Vulcan at his forge, no motto. On the reverse, 
 Venus. 
 
 One small banner — motto " Sons of Vulcan," blue ground. 
 
 One small oil painting with yellow fringe. Hammer and 
 Anvil, motto '* Strike the iron while it is hot." 
 
 All these societies carried appropriate banners, with appro- 
 priante devices, and^ like all who joined the procession, wore 
 badges and tri -coloured cockades. 
 
 The Manufacturers of Steam Engines and Boilers formed a 
 striking part of the procession, and their beautiful steamboat 
 ploughed our streets, instead of our waters, without intermission. 
 She was the object of attraction to all who beheld her, and was 
 preceded by the manufacturers and their marshals. Next, 
 Mr. Charles E. Duncan, jun., and his aids Capt. Wm. Wis- 
 wall and Mr. William Leicester. Then on the car drawn by 
 
 6 
 
02 CELEBRATION OF TH^ 
 
 four horses, mounted on a stage richly carpeted and handsomely 
 decorated with a tri-coloured drapery, came the steamboat, 
 furnished with all its equipments, and apparatus, thoroughly 
 manned with her officers and crew, cables, anchors, steering 
 wheel, bell, and fuel ; surmounted by flags ornamented with a 
 portrait of Louis Philippe, with the names inscribed of Fulton, 
 Livingston, and J. ?• Allaire. The brass steam engine, fitted 
 to the boat, and complete in all its parts, was on the principle 
 of the high and low pressure combined, such as are used in the 
 powerful /to wing-boats on the North River, and which were 
 first applied by Mr. James P, Allaire to that purpose. This 
 elegant engine was made by Gilbert Gray, an apprentice in the 
 establishment of Mr. Allaire, and works with admirable pre^ 
 cision ; and though the cylinders are only one and one half, 
 and three inches in diameter, its power is calculated to be 
 nearly equal to half that of a horse. 
 
 Painters, Glaziers, and House Painters' Society, Stone Cut- 
 ters, Musical Instrument Makers, and Iron Founders, all with 
 appropriate banners, &c. &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers. Besides banners, flags, and badges, the 
 CabinetMakers presented a beautiful car drawn by four horses, 
 on which was displayed a variety of elegant cabinet furniture, 
 consisting of pier- tables, &c. &c. — ^the whole handsomely de^ 
 corated with tri-coloured ribands. 
 
 Next after the Cabinet Makers, came the Patent' Sofa Bed^ 
 stead Manufacturers, with a car containing a beautiful sofa 
 bedstead, on which Mr. Johnson, his son, and his foreman, 
 were seated during the march of the procession. 
 
 Carvers, Gilders, and Frame Makers, Charles del Vecchio, 
 Marshal, carried portraits of Washington and Lafayette, in su* 
 perb frames, elegantly carved and richly gilded ; also a large 
 banner, on which was painted ^' The sun rising in the east, and 
 the Goddess of Liberty supporting the American flag in the 
 west — the flag surmounted with- a liberty cap. Lafayette sup- 
 porting the tri-coloured flag in the east, with the white flag of 
 France under his feet. An eagle sent by the goddess, passing 
 through the air with a liberty cap in its beak, in the act of de- 
 scending to place it on the stafl'of the tri-coloured flag ; in his 
 claw, a riband, with the words '^ Universal Sufl'rage." Borne 
 by a carver, 
 
 The Apprentices to the Carvers and Gilders also carried a 
 very pretty banner, designed and executed for the purpose, and 
 all wore the same badge as the French citizens, with the excep* 
 tion that** Liberty" was substituted for <* D'Grleans," 
 
RlSVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 63 
 
 The Coach Makers, Saddlers and Harness Makers, made a 
 beautiful display. They were arranged in the following order : 
 Music ; Marshal ; Military Charger in full costume and tri-co- 
 loured plume, led by two grooms ; Grand Banner ; Committee 
 of Arrangements, with tri-coloured sashes ; Gentleman's Saddle 
 Ho?se, led by groom ; Lady's Saddle Horse, led by groom ; 
 Aid ; Washington Banner ; Employers ; a Race Horse in full 
 dress, led by a groom ; a Race Horse equipped for the course, 
 rode by a jockey ; Clinton Banner ; Six Men ; pair of Coach 
 Horses harnessed complete, led by two grooms ; Six j\len ; 
 Small Banner ; Six Men ; two Gig Horses abreast, harnessed 
 complete, led by two grooms; Six Men ; Small Banner ; Six 
 Men ; a pair of Coach Horses harnessed complete, led by two 
 grooms ; Six Men ; Small Banner ; Coachmakers, Saddlers and 
 Harness Makers in general ; Small Banner ; Apprentices. 
 
 Bricklayers, Plasterers, and Slaters, with banners, flags, and 
 badges. Among other things we noticed a beautiful cornice 
 borne in procession, and decorated with tri-coloured ribands. 
 
 Tobacconists, with banners, a car, and abundance of the 
 weed." On the car, a number of persons were employed in 
 manufacturing tobacco, snufF, and segars, which were liberally 
 distributed to the people, and by them pronounced *^ excel- 
 lent." They were great favourites throughout the day, and 
 had no lack of customers for the produce of their labours. 
 
 News Carriers' Benevolent Society, with banner and flags. 
 
 Fire Department. That portion of the procession composed 
 of this^Jdepartment contributed greatly to the display, and was 
 under the direction of Mr. James Gulick, one of the engineers. 
 In numbers, including those from Brooklyn, they amounted to 
 upwards of a thousand, and occupied more than a mile of the 
 route, marching in the following order : — Engine No. 4, from 
 the village of Brooklyn, mounted on a car erected on four 
 wheels, which were nearly concealed by elegant festoons of tri- 
 coloured cloths, suspended from the stage, and supported by 
 gilded pins. The platform on which the engine was placed, 
 was covered with handsome carpet, and a grand triumphal 
 arch composed of laurel and other evergreens, was erected over 
 the heads of three men, who were on the stage, to represent the 
 company in their working costume ; in the centre the motto 
 " 1776, Liberty, 1830," and many appropriate devices, the 
 whole drawn by four horses, followed by the Brooklyn firemen. 
 
 Next in order was engine No. 28, of the New-York depart- 
 ment, drawn by two horses, and decorated with American and 
 tri-coloured flags and ribands ;. No. 12^ placed on a car simi- 
 
64 CELEBRATION OP THIf 
 
 lar to the first in line, covered with a costly Brussels carpef^ 
 and decorated with luxurious festoons of drapery, composed 
 of the three colours ; the horses were led by negroes in Moor- 
 ish attire, the hose covered with a patent leather case — the 
 pipes, levers, &c. elegantly entwined with appropriate ribands, 
 followed by brass signal lantern, torches, and other imple- 
 ments, elegantly polished and decorated ; on either side of the 
 stage was a large American and tri-coloured standard — the 
 members followed. Next came Hook and Ladder Truck No. 1 r 
 drawn by members — the drag-rope covered with tri-coloia"ed 
 ribands, carriage, ladders, hooks, ife^c. painted tri-coloured, the 
 bottom ladder being blue, centre white, and upper one red, 
 two small ladders and a hook were erected from the centre, 
 from the summit of which were displayed tri-coloured and Ame- 
 rican flags. Next came Engine No. 1, on a car drawn by 
 four superb horses, each nearly 18 hands high, and said to be 
 the finest team in point of size and power rn the State ; the car 
 and engine handsomely decorated. No. 37, without a car, 
 drawn by six black ponies. No. 23 had four bay horses, driven 
 by a member seated on the box of the engine, who gave evi- 
 dence that he was no novice in the situation assigned to him — 
 the company followed, bearing the signal lantern (in which was 
 a lighted lamp) and torches, a beautiful miniature engine, and 
 other emblems. Engine No. 2, on a stage drawn by four horses, 
 and handsomely ornamented, displaying at each end an Ame- 
 rican Standard and tri-coloured Banner. Hook and Ladder 
 Truck, No. 3, drawn by members, flags waving from either 
 extremity. Engine No. 52 drawn by four brown horses. No. 
 5, drawn by members bearing tri-coloured and American Stan- 
 dard, together with appropriate emblems, the machine beau- 
 tifully decorated with ribands, flowers, &c. No. 40, mounted 
 on a car drawn by four horses, and decorated with the Ameri- 
 can Standard and tri-coloured Banner, and a superb gilded 
 eagle suspended over the engine. West Point Band. Then 
 Engine No. 4B, drawn by four horses without a car. Minia- 
 ture No. 33, drawn by one small poney. No. 33, on a stage 
 drawn by four horses, decorated with tri-eolours. No. 26, with- 
 out a car, drawn by six horses followed by members bearing 
 miniature engines and other emblems. No. 27, drawn by mem- 
 bers, and ornamented with American and tri-coloured flags. 
 Lafayette Company No. 19, and a car superbly ornamentedj 
 and drawn by four horses, members following, bearing a ban- 
 ner, on which Was a well-executed fall length portrait of GeH« 
 Lafayette. No. 14, decorated with flags^ and drawu by foiij 
 
MfottfiO^ IN FRANCE, 1830. 65 
 
 #&ite horses, led by negroes in Turkish costume, and followed 
 by members. Lafayette company, No. 7, drawn by two horses, 
 the company displaying a banner, on which was an elegant 
 figure of Gen. Lafayette, as in his youth, on horseback. Hook 
 gmd Ladder Truck No. 5, drawn by four horses. Engine No. 
 13, ornamented with flags, &c. and drawn by four gray horses, 
 led by negroes in Arabian dresses. No. 20, drawn by mem- 
 bers. No. 29, also drawn by members, the hose covered with a 
 tri-coloured case. Nos. 4 1 and 44, on separate cars, ornamented 
 Jls others previously described, and each drawn by four horses, 
 which were driven by members in a masterly style. No. 11 
 was drawn by members in full working dress, exhibiting a strik- 
 ing contrast with their precursors in the line, which elicited 
 the most enthusiastic plaudits from the multitude. 
 
 The Pilots' Society made a most interesting and impos- 
 img appearance. The society was preceded by a stage drawn 
 by two horses, on the fore-part of which was placed a ship, 
 representing a French ship of war under her three topsails, 
 having just shortened sail to receive a pilot on board — she had 
 a tri-coloured pendant flying at the main, and tri-coloured flags 
 at the fore and mizen skysail mast head, and one at the mizen 
 peak — directly astern of the ship a handsome modelled and^ 
 complete-rigged pilot-boat was placed under full sail, with her 
 yawl in readiness to put a pilot on board of the ship — the boat 
 had American colours flying at the main, and her number in 
 her sails — ^^on each side of the stage, abreast of the ship, a lad 
 was stationed to heave the lead, and frequently gave us the well 
 known song of '^ by the mark seven," &c. — on the fore-part 
 of the stage, in the centre, the tri-coloured flag was hoisted on 
 a staff*; and on each side of the stage,^ the American flag was 
 also flying. Unfortunately soon after starting to join the pro- 
 cession, one of the flag-stalFs came in contact with a limb of s^ 
 tree and was carried away, and having no means of fishing it, 
 for the sake of uniformity, the seamen cut the other to the 
 same lengt^h, which left the tri-coloured the most taunt, and 
 caused some ill-natured remarks. Next to the stage, the band, 
 followed by the Marshal and his Aids — then the banner of the 
 society on one side, and the following motto on the other,>* The 
 People, the only conipetent Pilots to guide the Nation.'^ The' 
 society followed, with their medals- and tri-coloured badges on> 
 ^le right and left breasts. 
 
 The New-York Watermen followed the Pilots, and' were pre- 
 ceded by their MarshalsV and the barge oti a car drawn by fom 
 Morsesr, which m 1825 was victorious in a^ Contest! with the crew 
 
66 CELEBIlATfON 6¥ Tfl'l^ 
 
 of His Britannic Majesty's ship Hussar. The boat was tiiannad' 
 by eight boys dressed in '' red, white, and blue,'' with thek 
 oars shipped and pulling away in seamen's style. 
 
 Chair Makers' Society, under the direction of its Marshal 
 and his Aids — in front a large banner, emblematical of. the 
 trade, with the following mottos : " Rest for the weary." — 
 '* By industry we thrive." Next were carried three tri-coloured 
 chairs, on which were painted the names of Washington, La- 
 fayette, and Jefferson; 27th, 28th, 29tb July 1830; next the 
 tri-coloured flag ; next a member of the society with two small 
 chairs and one settee, with the American and tri-coloured flags 
 and liberty-cap with the motto ^' We make the chair of go- 
 vernment, the people designate the occupant." Next a banner 
 with the mc»tto '^ Support the chair," and shortly after another 
 banner, with the words '' Liberty and Peace." In the centre, 
 an elegant car drawn by two horses, in which were men at 
 work, who during the procession, manufactured a handsome 
 curled maple cane seat chair, and presented it to ex-president 
 Monroe on the stage in Washington-square. A tri-coloured 
 banner with 27th, 28th, 29th July^ and several small chairs 
 borne on a pole, were in the rear of the society. Each mem- 
 ber of the society wore a badge prepared for the occasion. 
 
 The Comb Makers in general, with banners, &c. &c. 
 
 Book Binders, Robert Beatty, Marshal, Wm. A. Day, and 
 John Day, Assistant Marshals, Banner of the Associatioil, 
 borne by Christian Brown, supporters, F. Grant and G. Jarvis ; 
 device of the banner — on the left Time with his scythe, pre- 
 pared to destroy the literature with which the v^orld is favoured, 
 through the instrumentality of the press ; on the right, with a 
 scroll in her hand, the Genius of Literature, with a smiling 
 countenanccy pointing to the centre of the device, representing 
 the interior of a bindery, workmen in the act of binding books 
 to preserve them from the ravages of Time : on the reverse, 
 the Arms of the State of New York. The procession followed, 
 each wearing a tri-coloured badge, surmounted by the star 
 badge of the Association, prepared for the occasion by the 
 Committees of Arrangements. Officers of the Association. 
 Committee of Arrangement. Employers. Division of Jour- 
 neymen. In the centre of the line a ponderous volume, en- 
 titled French Revolution, July 1830, elevated on a stage drawn 
 by horses, splendidly decorated, supported by four boys on each 
 side. From the centre of the stage a tri-coloured flag was dis- 
 played, immediately in the rear of which a miniature standin'g: 
 press, with a copy of the classics. 
 
HEVOLUtlON IN FRANCE, 1830. &f 
 
 Preceding the stage, Mr. John T. Bradford, principal finisher 
 of the book. 
 
 2d division, Blr. John Day, Assistant Marshal. 
 
 Banner borne by A. D. Bower ; supporters M. Palmer and 
 J. Nailor. Inscrijition — Book Binding, the art preservative of 
 all arts. Division of Journeymen. Banner borne by Mr. Wmi 
 Walker ; supporters H. Vyvyan and R. H. Arison. This splen 
 did banner is the same that was displayed by the booksellers at 
 the Canal Celebration, 1825. The device, a figure of Mi- 
 nerva with a lighted torch in her right hand, emblematical of 
 the effects of learning on science and the mechanic arts. On 
 the reverse, '' Knowledge is power." Apprenti?ces of the 
 trade. 
 
 The New-York Gas Workmen's Friendly Society, instituted 
 Dec. 18'^5. 
 
 The Marshal with tri-coloured badge and sash, and bright ga?s 
 ornament with badges, &c. 
 
 The President and Vice President of the Society with tri- 
 coloured badges and sashes. The star spangled banner on the 
 right of the President, and the tri-coloured flag on the left of the 
 Vice President. 
 
 The Banner, blue ground and gold letters. 
 
 The Secretary, Treasurer, Committees, and Members, with 
 badges. 
 
 Hibernian Universal Benevolent Society 
 
 Erin Friendly Society of Brooklyn. 
 
 Both of these societies made a fine display with their banners 
 and badges ; their harp tastefully decorated and borne on^ a 
 car, and each of the members wearing scarfs and badges. We 
 regret that we have not received a detailed description of their 
 appearance. 
 
 Seamen's Society, conaposed of a number of respectable ship- 
 masters. 
 
 The Cartmen numbered about 300, in white frocks, and all 
 on horseback, wearing on their left breast a tri-coloured cock- 
 ade, and a badge printed on white satin, designed and executed 
 by B. G. Jansen, of this city. The badge representing a horse 
 and cart, harnessed, and standing, with the word " Cartmen" 
 over it ; and beneath, the words ^' Evacuation, Nov. 25, 1783 ;" 
 after which a motto, " Lafayette, disciplus' Washingtonis, Gal- 
 liae, insignis Liberator," over a beautiful engraving on v/ood, 
 illustrative of the triumph of liberal principles, and the disen- 
 thraknent of a nation from the shackles of tyranny and oppres- 
 sion. In the back ground was seen the sun of science rising 
 
68 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 in splendour, and dispelling the dark clouds of ignorance and su- 
 perstition which have obscured the vision of the oppressed be- 
 ing in the foreground ; who now beholds the Goddess of Li- 
 berty approaching, to whom he prostrates himself, when the 
 chains fall from his wrists and ankles, and he becomes a freeman. 
 A branch of laurel and lily, tied together beneath, spreads out 
 on either side of the design, and on the top are the arms of the 
 United States and France, surmounted by the eagle of Ame- 
 rica, whose protecting wings are extended over both ; and un- 
 derneath the whole, in plain type, '* 27, 28, 29th, July, 1830.'' 
 
 Their arrangement was as follows — Two Trumpeters. 
 Grand Marshal and his Aids. A standard on which was re- 
 presented a horse and cart encircled with a wreath of olive on 
 a white ground, borne by the Foreman of the first class, as- 
 sisted by two of the oldest Cartmen, and drawn on cart No. 1, 
 painted in tri-colours. A division of cartmen. The standards 
 of the United States and France, borne by the Foreman of the 
 2d class, and supported by four elderly cartmen, drawn on carf 
 No. 2, painted similar to No. 1. 
 
 Apprentices in general, with badges. 
 
 Clerks in general, with badges. 
 
 Dyers and Printers with banners, badges, and a great variety 
 of printed shawls, in which the *' red, white, and blue" were 
 beautifully and strikingly blended. 
 
 They were headed by the Messrs. Bryan, each member had' 
 an elegant silk shawl or handkerchief as a banner, with m ottos, 
 ** We die to live," — "We live to die," — '^ Our impressions 
 are lasting." 
 
 Citizens, Artisans, and Mechanics, not embraced in the fore- 
 going. 
 
 The Cord wainers' Association, James Lennon, Marshal, was' 
 formed in three divisions, the front and rear divisions containing 
 one hundred men each, all wearing tri- coloured badges and 
 cockades. Front Division under the direction of Matthew Arm- 
 strong. President of the day, carrying an elegant hammer, sup- 
 ported on the right by Thomas Bennef, Treasurer, bearing a 
 gilt key, and on the left by Thomas Baker, Secretary, carrying 
 a gilt pen. Immediately behind these, was the grand Standard^ 
 painted on blue silk, and displaying in the centre the arms of the' 
 craft. The supporters, on the right, a daughter of Crispin, in 
 Mer fight hand a scroll, with the worfs ^^ Industry rewarded in 
 America." On the left, Crispin in proper costume, in the at 
 Mtude of being crowned with a' wreath of oak leaves by the" 
 ©enius of Liberty^ appearing abote,^ encompassed with rays o# 
 
REVOLUTION IN I^RANCE, 1830. 63' 
 
 glory ; the motto, " Union is our strength ;" underneath^ wreaths 
 of flowers ; the horn of plenty, and the inscription, " Cord- 
 wainers of the city of New- York ;" the whole surmounted with 
 a gilt Eagle, and tastefully ornamented with bows, festoons, and 
 perpendicular stripes of tri-coloured ribands. 
 
 In the centre of the front division were the American and 
 tri-coloured flags. Three small banners of blue silk, having on 
 them the names of Washington, Lafayette, Warren, Montgo- 
 mery, and other distinguished heroes, were borne in the differ- 
 ent parts of the procession. 
 
 In the centre division was a magnificent car drawn by fonr 
 white horses, the front horses rode by jockies in tri-coloured 
 dresses. The body of the car was entirely covered with hori- 
 zontal stripes of red and white, the floor with a carpet of Ame- 
 rican manufacture. A canopy of white muslin, hung round with 
 festoons of blue drapery, and supported on six columns con- 
 cealed beneath spiral stripes of the same tri-coloured material, 
 covered the whole. The interior representing a shoe shop in 
 full operation, and filled with boots, shoes, rolls of leatlier, &c., 
 was under the care of Matthew Vanderhofl", who was busily 
 employed in preparing work for the two boys and the two young 
 ladies engaged in trimming shoes, which were afterward sus- 
 pended between the columns. In the front of the car was a 
 mammoth boot with a tri-coloured top, and a small French flag 
 above it. Behind the car were twenty-four little boys walking 
 arm-in-arm, and four abreast, dressed in red pantaloons, white 
 frocks girt round the waist with tri-coloured sashes, and blue 
 caps, all wearing tri-coloured cockades and badges ; two small 
 French flags and one American, and also two boots of very 
 diminutive size and curious workmanship, were carried by these 
 boys, who excited great interest in all who saw them. The 
 youngest was not more than three years old. 
 
 The rear division was conducted by John C. Ruby, Vice- 
 President of the day, carrying a scroll, with the inscription 
 "La Charte de la France," supported on the ri^ht by John 
 Ennis, and on the left by Lewis Judson. — In this division was 
 borne a large standard of blue silky having in the centre the 
 arms of the craft. The supporters, two sons of Crispin in full 
 costume, representing two branches of the trade, the figure oh 
 the right holding up a lady's slipper, the one on the left, a man's 
 boot. Over the arms, the half of the globe surmounted with 
 the eagle, and the mottos, "Liberty and Independence," "United 
 we stand, divided we fall." The whole surmounted with ais, 
 eagle, and decorated like the standard before mentioned, . 
 
W CiJLEBRATION Ot TUM 
 
 All the officers, in addition to the badges and cockadesf 
 Wore tri-coloured sashes. The badges were those prepared 
 by Mr. P. M. P. Durando, with the words La Fayette, D'Or- 
 leans j La France, Paris, entwined in wreaths of olive, sur- . 
 irounded with rays of light, and the date Juillet 27, 28, 29, 
 1830* 
 
 Tanners, Carriers, and Leather Dressers' Society, four hun- 
 dred in number, followed the Butchers, preceded by their Grand 
 Marshal, John E. Cammeyer, and his aid, George W. Taylor ; 
 the President and Vice-President ; the Secretary and Trea- 
 surer, bearing the emblems of their respective offices ^ the 
 Grand Standard-- ^on the front a Tanner and Currier were re-^ 
 presented in their working dresses ; in the centre a Heart sup- 
 ported by an Oak Tree, upon which are drawings of a Curry- 
 ing Knife and Flesher ; above, on the tree, a Bullock's Head, 
 the sun at meridian, and a landscape in the back ground — 
 motto, " By union we arise to splendour." On the reverse, 
 full length figures of a morocco dresser and a skinner in theii' 
 working dresses, resting on a heart supported by a mahogany 
 tree, bearmg in the centre their coat of arms ; above the heart 
 against the trunk of the tree, a Deer's Head, on the right, a 
 Ram's Head, and on the left a Goat's Head ; a landscape in 
 Jhe distance with the sun rising, motto, *'• Industry, the support 
 of our Nation." The staff surmounted by a gilded eagle. A 
 tri-coloured flag. A full band of music. Employers and in- 
 vited guests. 
 
 The Tanners. — Marshal, Thomas Wilson. Banner of blue 
 silk three feet square, — a gilded flesher in the centre, and the 
 word '' Tanners" in letters of gold. On the top of the staff 
 a gilded Ox. 
 
 The Curriers, &c. of Newark^ with their banners. The 
 Curriers of New- York. Banner three feet square, the word 
 " Currier" in letters of gold, and a correct representation of a 
 currying knife ; on the top of the staff a gilded horse ; in the 
 centre of the Curriers, a tri-coloured calf-skin banner, carried 
 by a young man, and supported by two little boys. Mottos,-- 
 front— July 4th, 1776, Juillet 27, 28, and 29, 1830, birth-day& 
 of liberty," — on the reverse, <' France and Belgium. We re- 
 joice our brothers are free." 
 
 The Skinners.-- Banner of blue silk, moon knife in the cen- 
 tre, the word '' Skinners" in gold letters, a golden ram on the 
 top of the staff. In the centre of the skinners a tri-coloured 
 sheep-skin banner. 
 
 Morocco Dressers. — Banner of blue silk, the words ** Mo- 
 rocco Dressers" in gold, and the emblems of the trade gilt m 
 
REVOIiUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 71 
 
 the centre ; on the top of the staff a gilded goat. In the cen- 
 tre of the morocco dressers were displayed three banners of 
 morocco, red, white, and blue — red with the following inscrip- 
 tions : July 27th, 28th, and 29th, 1830 ; on the red the name 
 of " La Fayette'* encircled by a wreath ; on the white and on 
 the blue " Triumph of Principle," with a cock, the arms of 
 France. 
 
 MILITARY. 
 
 Order of the Procession of the Military under Arms. ^ 
 
 The Troops made a most brilliant and imposing appearance, 
 surpassing any former display within our recollection ; they 
 were formed on Hudson- street, the right resting on Canal- 
 street ; the hne extending through Hudson-street to Chamber- 
 street, and from thence up lo Broadway, forming two divisions, 
 the whole under the command of Major General Jacob Morton, 
 of the 1st Division of New- York State Artillery; by whom 
 they were reviewed at 10 o'clock, A. M. 
 
 Order of the Column of Route. 
 
 Three Trumpeters, mounted, in uniform, and richly capari- 
 Boned. 
 
 Major General Morton, Commanding. 
 
 Division Inspectors for the Day. 
 
 Colonel Nathan T. Arnold, Division Inspector for 1st Divi- 
 sion of N.Y. S. A, ; Col. Saml. D. Jackson, Division Inspector 
 2d do ; Col. Alexander Ming, Jr. of the 13th Regiment N. Y. 
 S. A, ; Lt. Col Andrew Warner, do. do. 
 
 General's suite, mounted, and riding fourabreast. 
 
 Major General Van Beuren, of Staten Island, commanding 
 22d Division of N. Y. S. Infantry; Brigadier General Henry 
 Arcularius, of 1st Brigade N. Y. S. Horse Artillery ; Brigadier 
 Gen. Alexander M. Muir, Commissary General of State of N. 
 Y. ; Brigadier Gen. George S. Doughty, of — - Brigade of N. 
 Y. S. I. ; Brigadier Gen. Striker, of- — do. ; Lieut^ Colonel 
 " — ™- Gamble, of the U. S. Marine Corps ; Col. John L. Gra- 
 ham, Aid-de-Camp to the Commander'in-Chief ; Col. Daniel 
 P. Ingraham, Division Judge Advocate ; Lieut. Col. Peter H. 
 Schenck, Division Quartermaster ; Col. Griffin Tompkins, of 
 Gen. Van Beuren's Staff ; Major Robert C. Wetmore, Major 
 Daniel M. Tompkins, Aids-de-Camp of General Morton ; 
 Capt. Robert Brown, Paymaster of 1st Brigade N. Y. S. Horse 
 Artillery; Capt. Striker, Aid-de-Camp of Gen. Striker. 
 
72 CELEBKATION OF THE 
 
 Escort, 
 
 Capt. Beach's Company of Lancers of the 9th Brigade N. 
 Y. S. A., their lances decorated with tri-coloured silk-streamers ; 
 1st Brigade Horse Artillery ; 1st Regiment Horse Artillery ; 
 two Trumpeters ; Col. Henry Storms, Commandant ; Lieut. 
 
 Col. — ; Major Henry Burger ; the horses drawing 
 
 the field-pieces and caisons, each caparisoned with tri-coloured 
 trappings, the pieces alternately bearing the American and 
 tri-coloured flags ; Staff-Officers, mounted. 
 Foot Artillery, 
 
 Ninth Brigade New York State Artillery ; two Trumpeters ; 
 Brigadier General Gilbert Hopkins, Commandant ; Major 
 
 John Harris, Brigade Inspector ; Capt. ■ , Brigade 
 
 Quartermaster ; Captain Thomas Wills, Brigade Paymaster ; 
 
 Capt. Barker, xlid-de-Camp. 
 
 Eleventh Regiment ofN.Y.S.A, 
 
 Colonel Townsend W. Burtis, Comd't. ; Lieut. Col. 
 
 Smith ; Major Stacy Pancoast ; the field-pieces, caisons, and 
 horses, ornamented with tri-coloured trappings and equipments; 
 Martial Band of Music ; United States and State Standards, 
 with tri-coloured streamers ; Staff Officers, mounted ; a Com- 
 pany of Infantry from Williamsburgh, L. I. 
 
 Thirty -first Regiment N. Y. S, A. 
 
 Col. William P. Robertson, Comd't. ; Lieut. Col. Robert 
 
 Steele ; Major ; Ihe field-pieces and caisons of 
 
 each company with tri-coloured ornaments ; Martial Band of 
 Music ; United States and State Standards, with tri-coloured 
 streamers; Staff Officers, mounted. 
 
 SECOND DIVISION. 
 
 Three Trumpeters richly caparisoned. 
 
 Sixth Brigade N. Y, S. A. 
 
 Brigadier General Peter W. Spicer, of 6th Brigade, Com- 
 manding 2d Division ; Major Rene Pardessus, Brigade In- 
 spector (this officer was several years in the French Republi- 
 can Army) ; Major James T. Cromwell, Hospital Surgeon ; 
 Capt. Edward L. Walker, Brigade Q^uartermaster ; Captain 
 Wm. Spendlove, Brigade Paymaster ; Capt. John Bant, Aid- 
 de-Camp ; Capt. Charles B. Talmidge, Voir. do. ; Quarter- 
 master Dillon, of Clinton Horse Guards. 
 Escort of Cavalry. 
 
 Squadron of Clinton Horse Guards ; two Trumpeters ; Capt. 
 Wm. P. Morris, Comd't. ; Company of City Guard of Troop; 
 Capt. Smith's Company of New- York State Lancers, under 
 command of Lieut. Waddell ; Company of Governor's Guards ; 
 Staff Officers, mounted. 
 
KEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 73 
 
 Company of United States Marines, from Navy Yard at 
 Brooklyn, commanded by Captain Nicholson, of the U. S. Ma- 
 rine Corps ; Band of Martial Music. 
 
 Third Regiment N. Y. S. A. 
 
 Jackson Guards, performing duty as Infantry ; Martial Band 
 of Music, and Corps of Drums and Fifes; Colonel Charles W. 
 Sandford, Comd't. ; Lieut. Col. George P. Morris ; Major 
 Andrew H. Bennet ; Adj. James M. Lownds ; Staff Officers, 
 nfvounted ; Capt. Seely's Company of Tompkins BUies, per- 
 forming duty as Light Infantry ; right Companies of Jackson 
 Guards ; Infantry. 
 
 First Brigade New- York State Artillery ^ performing duty as 
 Infantry and Rijlemen. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Robert F. Manley, Com't. ; Major John D. 
 Everson, Brigade Inspector ; Capt. Abraham Mason, Brigade 
 Quartermaster ; Capt. Samuel T. Ross, Brigade Paymas- 
 ter ; Major Peter Forrester, Hospital Surgeon. 
 Ninth Regiment K Y> S. A. 
 
 Col. James Lefferts, Comd't. ; Lt. Col. E. H. Warner ; 
 Major Abraham Cooper ; Band of Music ; Major Wm. J. 
 Benjamin's Battalion of Light Infantry ; Staff Officers, mounted. 
 Fourtanth Re<^iment N, F. S. A, 
 
 Col. JothamW. Post, Comd't. ; Lt. Col. James Watson Webb ; 
 Major Joseph C. Hart ; Band of Music ; Capt. Benjamin W. 
 Benson's Company of Light Infantry ; Capt. Riley's Com- 
 pany of N. Y. Cadets, as Light Infantry ; a Company of In- 
 fanti7 ; five Companies of Riflemen ; Staff Officers, mounted. 
 Second Regiment N. Y, S, A, 
 
 Col. Isaac Reed, Comd't. ; Lt. Col. Wm. D. Craft ; Major 
 George W. Heelas ; Band of Martial Music : the guide colours 
 of this regiment were composed of tri-colour ; Staff Officers, 
 mounted. 
 
 Twenty -seventh Regiment N. Y. S. A, 
 
 National Guards ; Col. L. W. Stevens, Comd't. ; Lt. CoL 
 Morgan L. Smith ; Major John M. Catiin ; Band of Music ; 
 Staff Officers, mounted. 
 
 Second Regiment N, F. S. Light Infantry. 
 
 Washington Guards; Col. G. P. Hewitt, Comd't.; Lt. 
 Col. Victor B. Waldron ; Major Daniel Ward ; Band of Mu- 
 sic ; Staff Officers, mounted. 
 
 The Company of Williamson Guards, Capt. Dusenbury, 
 from Newark, N. J. and Capt. Seely's Company of Tompkins 
 Blues^ associated themselves with Gen. Manley's Brigade, 
 and took the right of the Washington Guards. 
 7 
 
74 CELEBRATION 6r THE 
 
 Battalion of Presidenfs Guards. 
 
 Light Infantry ; Major Debaun, Comd't. ; Band of Music; 
 Staff Officers, mounted. 
 
 N. B. AH the officers and privates wore upon the occasion, 
 either a tri-coloured badge or breast-knot. 
 
 The citizens of France, escorted by the French gentlemen 
 uniformed as the Nationaf Horse Guards of Paris, presented 
 the tri-coloured banner to the Division of Artillery in the open 
 field north of the parade ground, by Joseph Bouchaud, Esq. 
 who made an appropriate address to Gen. Morton, who re- 
 ceived it and replied. It was escorted to Gen. Morton's quar- 
 ters by the hands of Col. Jackson, accompanied by the suite 
 of #je Major Gen. and the Company of Lancers under com- 
 mand of Capt. Beach. 
 
 It being ascertained, that inconsequence of the delicate state 
 of the health of Mr. Monroe^ he could not occupy the conspi- 
 cuous position designated for him in the procession, and a gene- 
 ral desire prevailing that he should be present during the inter- 
 eating ceremonies at Washington- Square^ the Marshal-in- chief 
 promptly acted upon the measure, and appointed Governeur S. 
 Bibb, Esq., a special Aid, to wait upon this respected citizen, 
 to express to him the feeling that existed, and to request that 
 he would endeavour to meet the wishes of his fellow-citizens. 
 Mr. Monroe acquiesced ; he entered a carriage in waiting, 
 iccompanied by Mr. Bibb, and proceeded from the house of 
 his son-in-law, S. L. Gouverneur, Esq.^ — met the procession at 
 the corner of Broadway and Prince-street, and much to the 
 gratification of those who witnessed the scene, took a position 
 in line immediately preceding the barouche occupied by the 
 Hon. Albert Gallatin, Judge Herttell,S.L. Gouverneur, and VVm. 
 M. Price, Esq's. The van of the procession having reached 
 Washington-Square, the carriage of the Ex-President and the ba- 
 rouche left the line, and proceeded to the mansion of Col. J. B. 
 Murray. Upon Mr. Monroe alighting from the carriage, he was 
 received a la militaire^ by a portion of the " Scotfs Guards ^^^ 
 and accompanied by the prator, and other gentlemen who had 
 occupied the barouche, together with Mr. Bibb, were met by 
 Col. Murray and conducted to his mansion, where that measure 
 of courtesy and attention that so peculiarly attaches to this 
 patriotic citizen, were extended towards his respectable guests. 
 After the civil procession had entered Washington-Square^ a 
 deputation of the aids of the Marshal-in-Chief waited upon 
 Col. Monroe, and announced to him that the Committee of 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 75 
 
 Arrangements were ready to receive him, the orator, and other 
 gentlemen who accompanied him ; and that they would feel 
 honoured in conducting them to the seats appropriated for 
 them. The Ex-President, with the Hon. Mr. Gallatin, and 
 Judge Herttell, entered a barouche, and followed by the other 
 gentlemen, proceeded lo the spot designated. When the 
 barouche arrived at the stage, CoL Monroe was received by 
 the assembled multitude v^/ith the heart-felt cheering of wel- 
 come, thrice resounding, and thrice grateful to every patriot 
 ear. As he ascended the platform, those who were near 
 enough to witness it, participated in a most interesting scene. 
 A deputation from the Chairmakers Society met Col. Monroe, 
 and presented to him an elegant arm-chair, made during the 
 procession, accompanied with the following Address : — 
 
 To the Honourable James Monroe^ Ex- President of the 
 United States, 
 
 The Chairmakers of New-York, sensible of the services 
 which you have rendered your country, request you to accept^ 
 through their Committee, this chair, as a testimony of their 
 gratitude. The Committee beg leave to remark, that whild 
 we are actuated with a due sense of what we owe to France 
 for former services, we cannot neglect that remnant of Heroes 
 with which you are associated : the achievements they per- 
 formed during our revolution, shall always have a prior claim 
 to our acknowledgments. 
 
 The noble sentiments which animated the French people 
 during their conflict for liberty, was engendered by the precepts 
 of you and your revolutionary brethren. The interest which 
 you have taken in advancing the welfare of the American 
 people is an ample proof to us that you view the present libe- 
 ration of France as a benefit to mankind. 
 
 The Committee congratulate you on being permitted, by 
 Divine Providence, to preside on this important occasion. The 
 chair which we have the satisfaction of presenting you with, 
 for your use on this day, was manufactured during the proces- 
 sion, and is not intended as a gift on account of its worth, but 
 as a testimony of regard and esteem which we entertain as a 
 portion of your fellow-citizens, for your invaluable services. 
 We hope it may prove an easy support for your declining years. 
 
 New-York, Nov. 26, 1830. 
 
 SJrrno^ J' K. CO WPERTHWAITE, > ^ 
 
 %ned, VVM.OSBOIIN, ' J Committee. 
 
76 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 To the above, Mr. Monroe made the following Reply : — - 
 
 New- York, Nov. 26, 1830. 
 
 The chair with which you have presented me to-day on the 
 part of the Chairmakers of this city, I accept with the most 
 grateful emotion. The accommodation which it afforded me 
 while I remained on the platform was sensibly felt ; but the ex- 
 citement produced by your attention, and the motives which led 
 to it, roused feelings of a different character. That you should 
 recollect the humble services which I rendered in early youth 
 in our Revolutionary struggle, and have taken so kind and ge- 
 nerous a view of my conduct in all the important trusts with 
 which I have since been honoured by my country, has made a 
 lasting impression. 
 
 The Revolution in France undoubtedly took its origin in 
 that of the United States : her citizens fought and bled in our 
 service, they caught the spirit of liberty here, and carried it 
 home with them* I have no doubt that the late glorious tri- 
 umph which has been achieved by that people will promote the 
 general interest of the civilized world. We can never review 
 their patriotic and gallant efforts, without fixing our eyes on an 
 illustrious individual, who has been equally distinguished for 
 his service in support of that great cause in both hemispheres. 
 
 That you should have manufactured this chair in so solemn 
 a procession, is a proof of your talent in the art, which affords 
 me great pleasure. 
 
 I beg you to assure the Chairmakers of the city that I shall 
 preserve it, as a testimonial of their approbation, to which I 
 shall always attach a high value. 
 
 (Signed) JAMES MONROE. 
 
 To J. K. COWPERTHWAITE, 
 
 and William Osborn, 
 
 Committee on the part of the 
 
 Chairmakers of the city of New-York. 
 
 The extreme bleakness of the day would not permit our 
 venerable fellow-citizen to remain but a few minutes to witness 
 the grateful scene. The Marshal-in-Chief, with his aid, G. S. 
 Bibb, Esq., conducted him from the stage to the barouche, 
 which, as he entered, a fresh manifestation of the enthusiastic 
 feehng of the thousands of freemen assembled, again in loud 
 acclamation reverberated, afforded to the illustrious object, 
 who, uncovered, bowed in thanks— the most conclusive evi- 
 dence, that the people, at least, were sensible who were the 
 men that in the dark and gloomy days of the Revolution nea- 
 
HBVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 77 
 
 dered lo their beloved country the essential services that led 
 to the securing their rights, their liberties, and their hap- 
 piness. 
 
 The moment that silence was restored, it was announced, 
 that progressive with the order of the day, the Rev. Richard 
 Varick Dey would offer up a prayer. In a manner solemn, 
 fervent, and emphatic, the Reverend gentleman pronounced the 
 following eloquent prayer ; which was listened to with that 
 profound silence becoming an enlightened and moral people, 
 whose feelings upon all occasions have been regulated by that 
 measure of propriety and consistency corresponding with the 
 immediate subject by which it is excited. 
 
 Prayer hy the Rev. Richard Varick Dey, Pastor of Paraclete 
 Churchf in the city of New- York* 
 
 Almighty and ever blessed God ! Thou King of kings and 
 Lord of lords, who rulest in the armies of heaven and among 
 the inhabitants of earth, bow thine Heavens and come down, 
 and meet with us in this Temple not made with hands ! Give 
 us, on this signal celebration of the Liberty thou hast vouch- 
 safed to the nations, an anthem voice to proclaim the profound 
 gratitude of the heart. Replenish our cold bosoms with the 
 incense of thy worship and the light of thy glory ; and permit 
 us, in utter lowliness and contrition of spirit, to invoke thy 
 mercy for the numberless offences we have committed against 
 thy righteous laws, when in the manifest possession and enjoy- 
 ment of thy privileges : and while we offer at thy holy throne 
 the repentant prayer-— while we devoutly lament the allure- 
 ments and assailments of passion, we render the most fervent 
 acknowledgments to thy Almighty Name, that ^hy voice hath 
 spoken liberty to the vassals of the despot, and that thy hand 
 hath unchained from the Bastile and the galley the high-souled 
 spirits of an age that is darkened by the bigotry, and hardened 
 by the madness, of a royal race, whom prosperity never taught 
 magnanimity, nor adversity the wisdom of the persecuted brute. 
 
 Father of our Mercies, may thy benediction rest on all the 
 engagements of this interesting and joyous occasion ! Bless, we 
 beseech thee, the fair land whose glorious achievements we have 
 assembled to commemorate. Bless all the valiant and the free 
 who are connected with its destinies. Behold in thy benignant 
 grace the Hero of three revolutions — the asserter of freedom — 
 
 7* 
 
78 CELEBRATION OP ItM^ 
 
 the youthful adventurer in a doubtful cause— the uinCDmpi*d'^ 
 raising assailant of the tyrant's edict-— the generous worshipper 
 of constitutional liberty. Unite, O God, in perpetual harmony 
 the names of Washington and Lafayette — unite the peril with 
 the triumph — the early sacrifice with the final victory ! And 
 accept our heartfelt thanks tiiat these time-honoured names 
 have been united throuorhout our federal republic with every 
 great and glorious deed — that, unlike the common day, the Sun 
 of Liberty hath ascended from the western hemisphere — that 
 the glory of the free hath mounted to heaven from a land 
 unknown to feudal bondage and oppression — that right is no 
 longer subject to miscalled "-Right Divine'' — and that the great 
 and good who have toiled, and bled, and triumphed, in the 
 cause of Freedom, are now receiving on earth, or in paradise? 
 the reward of their long and patient labour. 
 
 Hear us, Omnipotent ! Behold us, God ! We hail the day 
 that made us free I VYe hail the day that rent the chain of tyrant 
 kings, and gave equal rights to the powerful and the poor ! Ac- 
 cept our ofl^ering. Bless, we beseech thee, our beloved countryo 
 May no unhallowed hand ever profane that Ark of our Constitu- 
 tion, which contains at once the altar of our faith, and the charter 
 of our freedom. May peace be within our walls, and plente- 
 ousness within our palaces ! From sire to son, in long suc- 
 cession, may the great inheritance of Liberty be transmitted ; 
 and may our Republic endure to the latest generations, as the 
 highly favoured land, which alone, in the annals of recorded 
 time, hath never practically acknowledged any master but the 
 Geeat Spirit— the Almighty King ! Bless, we pray thee, 
 the President of these United States, and all others in authority. 
 May the Divine wisdom preside in our councils ; the Divine 
 protection preserve our institutions ! And oh ! Thou sole 
 Ruler of the Universe, to whom the shields of the earth 
 belong, gird on thy sword, O Most Mighty I Go forth con- 
 quering and to conquer ; and hasten the glorious period when, 
 throughout the world, the Temple of Civil and Religious 
 Liberty shall be erected on the tomb of tyranny, superstition, 
 and error. 
 
 And when we have served God and our Country with 
 fidelity on earth, may ^ve all participate in the enjoyment of 
 that blood-bought Freedom '' wherewith Christ makes us 
 free," and unite in that heaven-born song — ^'Allelulia! 
 Salvation I for the Lord God Omnipotent reigneth !" 
 which mercy we humbly ask in the name and for the sake of 
 Him, in whose sublime and comprehensive language we would 
 
JlEVOLtTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 7^ 
 
 ever sum up our petitions : *' Our Father which art in heaven; 
 Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will he 
 done in earthy as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily 
 bread. And forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who 
 trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation; but 
 deliver us from evil: For thine is the Kingdom^ and the 
 Power, and the Glory, for ever, Jlmen. 
 
 Immediately after this eloquent appeal to the eternal Throne 
 of Grace and Mercy, the Address to the French People was 
 read by William M. Price, Esq. The long-established and 
 progressive fame of this patriotic citizen — his popular charac- 
 ter with his countrymen — his power of eloquence, and his 
 manner, always peculiarly happy, aided by his early and zea- 
 lous feeling in the cause, were ail brought to act most effect- 
 ually upon the interesting subject. We regret that the address 
 can form no part of this volume ; the reasons are obvious and 
 proper why they should not. It is an address from the citizens 
 to the King of the French and to the French people. It is to be 
 presented to Louis Philippe the First, by a deputation specially 
 appointed. It would lose of its interest, and lessen in its value, 
 if it met the public eye before it had reached the exalted indi- 
 vidual and his patriotic countrymen to whom it is addressed : 
 however anxious, therefore, we may be that it should be embo- 
 died in this work, the propriety of withholding it must be most 
 apparent and satisfactory. 
 
 Closing with the reading of the address, the Orator of the 
 Day presented himself to his fellow-citizens. In this we are 
 not restricted. We rejoice that we are permitted to identify 
 with these pages a production, at once chaste and classic — 
 patriotic and enlightened — nervous and elegant — the emana- 
 tions of a liberal and rich-stored mind, scattering profusely its 
 treasures, and extending in no limited measure the extreme of 
 pleasure and satisfaction,. 
 
ORATION 
 
 OK THE dELEBr*ATION OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTIOIs?. 
 DELIVERED BY 
 
 SAMUEL L. GOUVERNEUR, ESQ. 
 
 Pellow-Citizens : — 
 
 The feeling which animates the mass of our people proclaims 
 that this day is consecrate^to the celebration of signal events. 
 Forty-seven years since, it witnessed the retirement of the 
 British troops from this city — among the last acts which an- 
 nounced that our title had been acknowledged, to take rank 
 among the nations of the Earth. A population of less than 
 thirty thousand souls were spectators of this imposing scene. 
 The smoke which marked the dwellings of our fathers, as- 
 cended from a narrow circle of their social homes. Few were 
 the houses dedicated to the service of Heaven. The spot from 
 which I address you, far distant from the scene of city noise 
 and strife, furnished a smiling subject for the skill of the hus- 
 bandman, and a lonely range for his lowing herds. 
 
 We are assembled this day, under the broad canopy of Hea- 
 ven, surrounded on all sides by a vigorous population, rising 
 200,000 souls, devoted to the diffusion of intelligence, and the 
 great principles of rational liberty. The hundred spires which 
 attract our notice mark the altars sacred to the pure purposes 
 of Religion, and the various forms in which we enjoy the pri- 
 vilege, to worship the God of our choice. The dense column of 
 smoke which hovers around our countless buildings announces 
 that our people are in the full enjoyment of all the comforts 
 of life — and all the endearing relations of "wife, children, and 
 friends*" Happy are we to behold this day. The scenes it 
 presents are not the fictions of fancy. They are the blessings 
 of reality. It is the birthright of our liberties — it is the un- 
 questioned title to our homes. We have reason to rejoice. 
 
 From "ou^ own, our native land," the happiest subjects of 
 reflection press upon our minds ; — they alone would inspire 
 universal emotion. But, fellow-citizens, we have received 
 this day in " double trust." The revolution of years brings it 
 
OKATION. 81 
 
 to US in no ** questionable shape." It comes surrounded with 
 all the engaging '•' airs from Heaven." It appeals to us, in the 
 universal language of nature, strikes every chord of feelingy 
 and addresses every patriotic emotion, when it is announced 
 to celebrate the recent events which have occurred in France — • 
 France! our country's *^ friend and ally" — the blood of whose 
 sons mingled with our own — fertilizes the scenes of our Revo- 
 lutionary struggles — while their bones moulder together on 
 the plains of York. They appeal to our sympathies, as bre- 
 thren, and as men — deeply affecting the happiness of a great 
 and gallant nation — deeply affecting the fate of the civilized 
 world. A signal Revolution, accomplished in three short days, 
 has terminated the growing spirit of oppression, which threat- 
 ened to blast for ever the blossoms of hope, which have 
 bloomed without despair, in the hearts of the distinguished 
 friends of Liberty in France. The blow which has been struck, 
 has vibrated throughout our land. Our cities, rising en 
 masse, and assembling all ranks of our people, from the most dis- 
 tinguished functionaries of our land to the humblest individual 
 who breathes our air, have given a united expression of their 
 general joy. The silence of our valleys is broken by the plaint- 
 ive strains of the enthusiastic song of liberty in France ; and 
 our hills echo back the shouts of triumph and applause, 
 Hope and enjoyment come together. The intelligence that a 
 Revolution has begun, brings the fact that it is ended. Like 
 the sound which proclaims that the natural elements are in- 
 commotion, the report which announces the strife, proclaims 
 that the danger is past. The atmosphere, purified by the con- 
 flict, assumes its usual aspect — order and silence reign over 
 tumult and confusion. Peace spreads her downy wings over 
 the great family of nations, and all is hushed and still. 
 
 Europe has felt the shock. Her nations, aroused from their 
 growing lethargy, gaze with amazement at the stupendous re- 
 sult, and, catching the inspiration which lives in all France^ 
 begin to examine the weight of their own chains. Rulers are 
 devising imaginary ramparts against the growing spirit of the 
 age ; while the united cheers of the friends of Liberty in both 
 worlds proclaim the direful fact, that in each palace of Europe 
 hangs a '• sword suspended by a hair." 
 
 Let them learn from these events, that if they would govern 
 with safety, they must rule with wisdom. Beholding the glim- 
 merings of reason and intelligence, which steal through every 
 portion of the civilized world, let them prepare their thrones for 
 the approach of intelligent subjects, and their soil for that blaze 
 of liberty and light, vvhich is destined to illuminate all there- 
 
82 ORATION. 
 
 gions of the earth. They may raise ramparts of sand against 
 the encroaching wave of reformation ; but without an ark of 
 safety, founded upon a just estimate of popular rights, and 
 guided by submission to their influence, it will deluge their 
 thrones, though it be tinged with their blood. 
 
 Fellow-Citizens : — Our sympathies are justly excited. The 
 cause of France is that of America — the cause of America is 
 the liberty of man. It brings into direct discussion the great 
 principles of our own Revolution, and by their triumph or their 
 fall, must stamp us as a nation " of right free and independent," 
 or a band of traitors to the British crown. It is in defence of 
 these great and important principles, " that all men are born 
 free and equal ;*' that the multitude are not " to be saddled for 
 the few ;" and that man is competent to govern himself, that 
 the "King of the French" has terminated a long line of the 
 *' Kings of France." It is in admiration of our free system of 
 government, founded on rights in defence of which our fathers 
 bled, that the streets of Paris have been stained with blood. 
 The spirit of Washington is up, " and armed." Rejoice, then, 
 people of America ! extend your united arms to the great body 
 of the French nation — bid them welcome to the enjoyment of 
 a portion of that happiness which flows from a free government 
 wisely administered— invite them to join in the cheers with 
 which you hail their Constitutional King, while they hear in re- 
 turn the concentrated applause of the only Fiepublic on earth. 
 
 Among all the gifts of a merciful Providence, there is none 
 so conspicuous in our nature, so consoling in its influence, so 
 searching in its power, — as that great principle which, by a 
 common sympathy of feehng, endears man to man throughout 
 the world. It is that hallowed feeling of sympathetic emotion, 
 which binds individuals together as families — families as socie- 
 ties — societies as nations — and nations as a world. It is the 
 chain which connects earth and heaven — guiding the eye of 
 man in grateful acknowledgments, when his fellow-creatures 
 are prosperous ; or in humble supplication to offended Deity, 
 when they are cursed by affliction and want. It lives through- 
 out all the scenes of varied animated nature. It beats in every 
 pulse. It throbs in every heart. It has sustained the patriot 
 on the field, the martyr at the stake. It is the language which 
 enrols in its calendar the fields of Marathon and the straits 
 of Thermopylae ; and uttering with deep emotion the names of 
 Koskiusko and Montgomery, points to the fields of Warsavir 
 and the walls of Quebec. It gave decision and firmness to 
 Washington, in the retreat through the Jerseys — and at New- 
 burgh, — it made him the envy of mankind on the banks of th^ 
 
ORATION. 83 
 
 Potomac. It cherished the noble spirit of Lafayette in the 
 dungeon of Olmutz, and provides him a monurtient of glory in 
 the united affections of France and America. It bent with 
 mournful foreboding over the spark which appeared in Greece, 
 and hangs in tremulous emotion over the suffering population 
 of the Emerald Isle. It yet lingers in the breast of the Grecian 
 mother, who sees in the features of her son the sparkling of a 
 soul, which she devotes to the future vengeance of her coun- 
 try's wrongs. It breathes in the dying accents of Emmett, and 
 whispers hope to the great body of the Irish nation. It Hves 
 in the memory of Riego, and casts a beam on the fortunes of ill- 
 fated Spain. It speaks in the violated constitution of England, 
 and points to the execution of the first Charles, and the expulsion 
 of the second James. It triumphs in the fire of enthusiasm 
 which illumines the streets of Paris, and bursts upon our admi- 
 ration and applause in a heroic revolution of three days. By 
 this holy sympathy, France and America are united ; and by 
 cherishing fond sentiments of justice and regard, may they 
 jointly contribute to the emancipation of mankind. 
 
 But, Fellow- Citizens, there are great points of reflection 
 which distinguish the late events. Th©y bespeak the march of 
 intellect and liberty, distinguished from the prevalence of fac- 
 tion and licentiousness, which marked the revolutions of former 
 years. They display a people moving en masse without riot, 
 and claiming liberty without excess. They present the altars 
 of religion unpolluted — rights of property respected — order 
 obeyed — vices repressed — and reason triumphant in the full 
 display of the virtues of a great nation unsullied by cruelties, 
 moving in firm submission to the dictates of individual integrity 
 and national honour. The Revolution of '89 was the vindic- 
 tive movement of the great body of a people, burning with re- 
 venge and frantic with despair. That of 1830 is the effort of 
 an enlightened nation, profiting by the errors of the past, and 
 looking firmly but calmly to the prospects of the future. Rea- 
 son and reflection had furnished the theory that free government 
 can be sustained — and the example of America has established 
 the fact. Profiting by the great lesson which she has afforded, 
 the people of France have discovered that to be free they must 
 be virtuous and intelligent — that Liberty is to be wooed by the 
 practice of all the virtues — nor can she live in the family of all 
 the vices. 
 
 It is the existence of these great features in the late Revolu- 
 tion, which stamps the era as decisive, and confounds by their 
 presence the council of Kings. The approach of the friends 
 of Liberty to their thrones, presents facts addressed to their 
 
^4 ORATION. 
 
 reason, without excesses of passion and feeling which appeal to 
 their fears. It wears the aspect of man, under the influence of 
 reflecting inquiry into his future destiny ; comparing with calm, 
 but determined composure, the various duties which he owes to 
 himself, to his posterity, to his country — to his God. Faction 
 is awed — while a nation speaks. This distinguished modera- 
 tion has marked the Revolution of France. In addressing itself 
 to the sympathies of man, it presents a well-grounded hope 
 that its results will be permanent. Contrasting its influence at 
 the present time with the wild excesses which deluged France 
 with blood, and the prevalence of passions productive of efiects 
 at which Religion grew pale and Humanity shuddered, — we 
 behold the influence of reason, attended by the train of all the 
 virtues, and the light of intelligence beaming with a steady 
 lustre upon the fate of nations. Humanity may now dispel her 
 fears — displaying her attractive loveliness, where all her dic- 
 tates are respected. Religion may hold her olive branch on 
 her thousand altars, among a virtuous people, who presume 
 not to question her blessings, or to violate her sanctuaries. In 
 the tears which both may shed over the scene of carnage and 
 of death, inseparable from human strife, we recognise the mys- 
 terious working of Providence ; but firm in the persuasion that 
 they will be succeeded by smiles of joy at the ameliorated con- 
 dition of our nature, we mourn with them over the field of civil 
 commotion, and exult in the return of order and peace. 
 
 But Fellow-Citizens, forgetting for a moment the excesses 
 which distinguished the first Revolution in France, we owe a 
 passing tribute to the gallantry of her people at that distin- 
 guished era. The unrestrained passions which rioted in ex- 
 cess at home, when directed against the enemies of her Re- 
 publican Freedom, and called in defence of the inviolability 
 of her soil, blazed forth in a series of military eflforts, which 
 astonished the world. Her armies traversed the fields of Eu- 
 rope, and flushed with successive conquests, seemed intrusted 
 _ to make it, but the field of France. Animated by a wild en- 
 thusiasm, which disdained restraint, they attempted the vision- 
 ary notion of propagating the principles of Liberty at the point 
 of the sword. Like the mistaken zealots of former days, who 
 represented themselves as the champions of Religion, in the 
 armour of death-— they dreamed that they were doing homage 
 to the principles of Freedom, by subjugating the nations of 
 the earth. It was this mixture of passions — mingled with con- 
 tributions from the best of virtues and the worst of vices-- 
 which roused that spirit of desperate resistance to foreign dic- 
 tation, which while its object was Liberty, its end was Despair. 
 
ORATION. 85 
 
 The admiration of their military conquests gradually dimi- 
 nished the spirit with which the first efforts for Liberty were 
 inspired- — and each successive triumph of their arms made 
 them the safer subjects for the approach of despotic sway. 
 The Eagles of France soared over the fields of Holland, 
 of Germany, and of Spain — looked with exultation at the 
 tomb of the Oassars: — flapped their wings in triumph over the 
 pyramids of Egypt, and perched in proud defiance on the 
 palace of the Czars. But the page of history which glows 
 with this record of her glory — faithful to her purpose — finds 
 in it the death-blow to her freedom. In giving chains to other 
 nations they learned to forge their own. In the blaze of tri- 
 umph which had captivated their hearts and seduced their 
 senses, they saw not the funeral pile of their Liberties — which 
 they had bathed in blood. Too late awaking from their delu- 
 sion, they found that the Revolution had ended in a change 
 of masters, and that the spirit of Freedom had left France in 
 despair. 
 
 The peace which succeeded the revolution of '89, and the 
 few succeeding years, became necessary to recruit the ex- 
 hausted efforts of nations. The intervals which had marked 
 the progress of their w^ars, founded in the devices of their 
 leaders, were used with spirit and effect for more gigantic 
 efforts in the field. Exhausted nature demanded repose. The 
 spear yields to the olive. The god of warj satiated with vic- 
 tims, and drenched in blood, retires from the scene of his tri- 
 umph. Peace, with her attendant virtues, descends from the 
 Heavens, and takes possession of the earth. The friends of 
 Liberty in France, weeping over her prostrate altars, bathed 
 in the blood of their countrymen, pause over the accumulated 
 horrors, which had desolated their happy land. Despair, with 
 her sable train, hovers over the region of their hopes. They 
 had heard the mournful^strains, and seen Liberty, like the fabled 
 bird, consumed by the fire of her own emqtions on the fields 
 of her former flight. P^atriotic ardour dared to hope, that 
 fired by some spark from some more happy land^ its ashes 
 w^ould yet blaze forth with regenerated light, and live in im- 
 bodied form. That spark is the spirit of our government, and 
 that country is our own. The present charter of France is 
 the consummation of their prayers. The intelligence that it 
 exists, is the herald of their triumph. 
 
 Space will not permit, nor will time allow, a critical 
 examination of the great features of liberty, which that record 
 of their power oflfers to the people of that now happy land. It 
 
 8 
 
d6 ORATION. 
 
 claims, however, all the respect of which the occasion admits. 
 Umanating directly from the spirit of the nation, it points to a 
 king reigning by the will of the people, and not by the grace 
 of God. When the combined armies of Europe had tenni- 
 nated the imperial sway, and forced a monarch on the throne 
 of France, he approached his subjects professing a spirit of feel- 
 ing for their rights. In the charter of that day, specious de- 
 vices were framed to captivate their hearts with a show of free- 
 dom, while the means were in preparation to enslave their 
 minds by the gradual approaches of power. In the first viola- 
 tion of the rights of the press, guarantied on its face- — in the 
 diversion of property by newly devised doctrines of descent — in 
 the great and sweeping effort to control the elective franchise of 
 the people, aiming at the very soul of free government, France 
 witnessed the symptoms of a tyranny as despotic as that which 
 marked the reign of a king, who boldly proclaimed he ^^ was the 
 state." These gradual efforts to undermine all the great pil- 
 lars, upon which the fabric of human liberty rests, terminated 
 in a series of measures, which, announcing that the cup of her 
 sorrows was full, aroused all the latent energies of the people 
 of France, which burst in indignation on the fortunes of their 
 infatuated king. An odious ministry, rendered still more hate- 
 ful, as the willing instrumentg of his power, becoming the cap- 
 tive subjects of vindictive resentment, gave a new incen- 
 tive to the expulsion of arbitrary rule. You have lingered with 
 admiration upon these spirited efforts for liberty in France, and 
 marked with enthusiastic applause the moderation and firmness 
 with which they are peculiarly distinguished. Let us then 
 hope, that the farther effusion of blood rnay be stayed ; and 
 that the lives which may be the gift of popular mercy and for- 
 bearance, may yet be spared to repent of their follies, and wash 
 out the stains of their guilt, at the only legitimate fountain of 
 power. 
 
 Learn then, nations of the earth, that the charter of France 
 is hereafter to be a sacred truth. It rests upon a firm demand 
 of the people, and the wilhng submission of the present king. 
 It has been consecrated to their purposes by the unanimous 
 voice of the French people, and is recognised by the nations of 
 Europe at large. It lays its broad foundation on the imperish- 
 able rights of man. In the right of extension of the elective 
 franchise, at pleasure, by the people — in the security to per- 
 sonal liberty and property, by jury trial — in the protection of 
 the press from the power of the crown — in its open and avowed 
 declaration that resistance to oppression is the duty of man — 
 it aspires, under the forms of a constiiutienal monarchy, to pre- 
 
ORATION. 8t 
 
 serve all the essence of republican liberty. The doctrines of 
 reliofion are separated from the principles of instruction ; and 
 the education of their rising youth is confided to the civil 
 state. It has been sealed with the oath of the king, who is en- 
 rolled with his subjects to defend the throne. They have re- 
 sumed the colours which were once the terror of Europe, and 
 the admiration of the world ; and, fired with enthusiastic ardour, 
 they now look to the prophetic vision, which signified that, as 
 emblems of hberty and light, they would w^ave in triumph over 
 all the kingdoms of the earth. They have the breath of the 
 friends of hberty throughout the world ; they have the blessing 
 of heaven, and the prayers of Lafayette. 
 
 Fellow-Citizens — If we have already too long delayed to re- 
 cognise the debt of gratitude which we, in common with the 
 people of France, owe to this distinguished veteran in the cause 
 ©f Hberty, it was only that, in the progress of human affairs, we 
 might mark more distinctly the endearing periods of his most 
 eventful life. The dignity and decision which have signalized 
 the late scene of his labours — and the influence of his com- 
 manding name — have hushed into calm composure the elements 
 of passion and feeling which threatened to burst in a storm 
 of desolating vengeance, over the streets of his once devoted 
 city. At his approach, the friends of good government rally 
 round him, and the enemies to order and peace fly from his 
 presence. 
 
 The principles of Washington have been illustrated with 
 beautiful effect in the practice of his thrice happy pupil and 
 friend. He who might have aspired to wear the crown, ani- 
 mates by choice the councils of a patriotic king. The throne is 
 shorn of its rays of glory — and the crown of its honour — wfiile 
 the universal voice of the present age, proclaims Lafayette 
 the benefactor of man. With that title, friend of our revolu^ 
 tionary efforts, we greet you this day. — You have mingled with 
 our fathers iu the bloody scenes of their day, and beheld the 
 fruits of your youthful exertions, in your recent triumphantrye 1 
 to our shores. — May the choicest gifts of a merciful Providence 
 bespeak its approving smiles. — May your days be crowned with 
 peace, and your nights with sweet repose. — May you long live 
 to behold France united and happy — and oh, when your spirit 
 shall be summoned from the scenes of earth, may you be per- 
 mitted to behold from the realms of hope, countless generations, 
 breathing blessings on your memory, and pointing with exulting 
 pride to that page of history which shall be the record of your 
 life. 
 
^8 ORATION. 
 
 Here, Fellow- Citizens, we turn with fond admiration to the 
 envied institutions of our own dear land. From the period of 
 its existence, we have enjoyed, in an unbounded measure, the 
 blessings of a merciful God. Our march to the point of honour 
 and prosperity w^hich we behold this day, h^is confounded the 
 powers of numbers, and made prophecy dumb. But little 
 more than 350 years, and the continent of which we form so 
 important a part, existed only in the spirited imagination of the 
 ill-fated Columbus. His inspired visions of the Western 
 World, supposed the coinings of a '* mind diseased," awaked no 
 spirit of inquiry but his own — till, warmed by the glow of emo- 
 tion with which he urged his theory — ^he was furnished by 
 royal bounty with the means of testing its truth. Like the 
 great Prophet of Israel, he had seen in imagination the pro- 
 mised land ; but, more blessed by Heaven, after enduring all the 
 trials of affliction, he was permitted to touch its happy shores. 
 The glowing destinies of this continent are the records of his 
 fame, and a world is the monument which covers his tomb. 
 This event, which was destined to give anew turn to the great 
 current of time, excited but little feeling in the eastern world. 
 The gradual rise of our continent from the ocean of uncer- 
 tainty and doubt, gave it a place on the chart of the Earth ; 
 but excited little other desire with the people of Europe, than 
 to make it the instrument to contribute to their avarice, and 
 swell the boundaries of their empires. But man soared not 
 into the regions of Heaven, nor pierced into the inscrutable 
 means by which the wise purposes of Providence are effected. 
 The beams of the same great orb which in its daily revolutions 
 gilded the kingdoms of Europe, pierced the dark forests of 
 this land, and, inviting the industry of man, promised to bless 
 the fruit of his labours. Imagination, lend me your wings! 
 while I skim the surface of the great events which gave pre- 
 sage of the destinies of America, and proclaimed to the world 
 that she would be great. Let your boldest flights animate our 
 theme, and paint the approach of our fathers to the shores of 
 this thrice happy land. Let us behold them, on the broad 
 weaves of ocean, flying from the persecution which dwelt in 
 the hall of their fathers, and the thousand fires which the 
 rage of phrensied zeal kindled in their land. Show them in 
 search of the promised chme, where conscience might whisper 
 safely with its God. Bring us back to the great temple of na» 
 tare, where the untutored savage heard God in the wind and 
 worshipped him in the sky ; while the humble Christian at his 
 side, Ufting the eye of faith to the Throne of Mercy, recog-^ 
 
OKATION. 89 
 
 iHsed the fertile source of all blessing to man. Point ns to 
 the cabin of the poor Indian — retreating before the dwellings 
 of the white man; and well digested notions of government 
 realized in the clusters of families, which sparkled on the 
 ihores of our rivers and our bays. Here let us realize attach- 
 ments, engaging all the broader appeals to our nature, and 
 rapidly rising to the highest sympathies of our hearts, which 
 make country — home. Civilization penetrates the forests, and 
 cultivation smiles upon the abundant produce of the field. 
 Institutions reared on the broad basis of religious freedom, 
 begin to live in the land, and scatter the fruits of knowledge 
 and the seeds of happiness over the face of our chosen realm. 
 Her history is attended with all the qualities of fiction ; and 
 her existence at the present hour, seems to be accompanied 
 with all the doubts of a dream. 
 
 Fellow-Citizens : — Liberty is the inhabitant of no peculiar 
 age or place. Its principles are coeval with the world, coex- 
 tensive with its limits. Where intelligence meets them they 
 speak — where ignorance sleeps they are silent- — where order 
 and system govern they live — where discord triumphs they die. 
 When the floods of desolation and misery covered the face of 
 the old world, like the faithful messenger of the Ark, they 
 ranged the earth in search of the emblems of Peace. Here 
 they arrested their flight, and here they established their home. 
 They invigorated the air which our fathers breathed — and as 
 distance broke the chords which had fastened their affections 
 to their native soil — they cemented the bonds of attachment 
 which bound them to this. Persecutions of all kind are nearly 
 rJlied. They are members of the same great family of instru- 
 ments, by which the rich oppress the poor — the guilty, the in- 
 nocent — the powerful, the weak — and the tyraiit, the slave. 
 The boundaries of nature upon which they separately act being 
 to us invisible — the sympathies which awaken, at one form of 
 oppression, wait upon them all. Our fathers in the school of 
 religious freedom, had tasted of the fruits of political equality. 
 The cruelty of governments had convinced them that they 
 were guided by man™ all the moral attributes of whom they 
 possessed in themselves. Here was the first dawn of that 
 spirit of resistance to oppression, which finally severed their 
 connexion with Europe, and dictated the noble array of '^ self- 
 evident truths," which gave spirit and life to the great prin- 
 ciples of the American Revolution. A common origin, mu- 
 tual wants, and common defence, had long been binding round 
 the thirteen colonies of America, all the tiea of national feel- 
 
 8* 
 
9§ ouATion. 
 
 ing-- and when the period of the Revolution approached, ha^ 
 taught them to wield their united energies with force and effect. 
 ' The Declaration of Independence was their appeal to man- 
 kind. Wiien the assembled fathers of our liberties placed their 
 seals upon its face, they pledged their " lives, their fortunes, 
 and their sacred honours," to its immortal use. Its illustrious 
 author, with its ablest advocate, have been gathered to their 
 fathers ; and of that circle, whose honoured names it bears to 
 immortality, but one exists — Like the lonely pillar of some 
 ancient temple, sketching to the passing eye the splendour of 
 a structure whicn it once adorned, he stands the envied repre- 
 sentative of all. 
 
 Fellow-Citizens : — We are allowed but little time to realize 
 the interesting progress of that great era in our history, or the 
 lasting results by which it has affected the family of nations. 
 We are forbidden by time to invade the pagesof history by any 
 detail of the distinguished events which successively animated 
 and depressed the spirit of our Fathers, in that memorabl© 
 struggle for their liberties. They have been faithfully pre- 
 served, and are familiar to your ears. They are interwoven with 
 the tales which enliven our childhood and form the text-book 
 of our schools. We lisp them in our infancy, and linger over 
 the page which records them, in the bloom of life. We see 
 them in attractive perspective through all the courses of our 
 ascent to the hills of knowledge — till they are disclosed to us 
 by education in bold relief — arresting all the feelings of nature, 
 aud embracing all the avenues to the human heart. Animated 
 by the theme of our joy this day — -we are only permitted to 
 ti^uch, in he moment of enthusiasm, a portion of the sacred 
 soil on wuich the battles of our freedom were " fought, and 
 won." Y^^e may pause for an instant^ — hear the cannon roar 
 on Bunke 's Hill—and, with trembling fears for Liberty, see 
 Warren d e. We may accompany, with agitated hearts, our 
 little band of patriots leaving the streets of this city — follow 
 them to the Heights of Harlem — among the gallant sons of 
 Jersey — till we ^'breathe again" with the immortal Washington, 
 on the southern bank of the Delaware. We see the small detach- 
 ment, with which he strikes at Trenton, and look with apprehen- 
 sion for th;^ preservation of a spirit,which has since presided,with 
 iirm, but prudent council, over the interests of our happy land, 
 and now at pears among us the honoured object of our grateful 
 hearts. \^e hover around the army of Washington, while 
 ascending he fertile banks of the Delaware; and, hailing th© 
 presence of Lafayette on the field of Brandywine, we dedi- 
 e^te his youthful blood to the service of Liberty in FraEC€u 
 
We follow, with hopes and fears, the receding ranks of our 
 soldiers, as they are gradually pressed among the sons of the 
 generous South ; till, joinin'g in the shout of victory, we behold 
 the star-spangled banner of our own Republic waving in tri- 
 umph on the " outer walls" of York. 
 
 But the falling emblems of our country's foes fill not our 
 hearts. Our institutions are the inestimable trophies of that 
 war. The Constitution of our country is the monument around 
 which they are planted — inscribed with the names of Patriot 
 Soldiers and Statesmen, and dedicated to the memory of the 
 ^immortal Father of his country. Its blessings speak over the sur- 
 face of a boundless region, holding in its fond embrace twenty- 
 four separate — but united — happy States ; and diffusing all 
 the blessings of life, liberty, and hope, over 13,000,000 of 
 souls, devoted to its principles. These- are the great objects, 
 which give real enjoyment to the present, and blaze with the 
 hopes of the future. These proclaim us the guardians of Free- 
 dom, and the hope of nations. Animated by these to all the 
 ecstasy of which nature can taste, we stand on the verge which 
 separates time from eternity — implore the blessings of our 
 fathers, and breathe them on our sons. 
 
 The great curtain of destiny is rapidly rising upon the fate 
 of our land — Time, in its resistless current, has swept away 
 almost every living spectator of the scenes of old. Their 
 works of virtue have followed the flight of their sacred spirits 
 to the bosom of their God— and the labours of well-spent lives 
 are the lasting records of their deeds of fame. As each suc- 
 ceeding year summons a portion of these veterans in the ser- 
 vice of Liberty from the scenes of life — like the books of in- 
 spiration, their number is diminished, but their value is the 
 more enhanced. Posterity will envy us their possession — 
 They will cling to their neglected ashes, ahd will build up the 
 spots where they lay, to incite future generations to illustrious 
 deeds. They will hear with amazement that neglect and in- 
 difference, were ever permitted to chill the hearts of our Revo- 
 lutionary Fathers— or that want was permitted to approach 
 their doors. They wilH)lush for themselves and for us, when 
 stern History tells that the very pay which the plighted faith 
 of their country guarantied is still withheld— and the petition 
 which claims it lies on the table in our Legislative Hall. 
 Will they not believe that the inspired visions of the world's 
 Immortal Bard, gave a perspective reproach upon our land in 
 that masterpiece of genius, which displays the children rioting 
 on the inheritance of a living parent, and the rightful owner 
 
91 ORATION. 
 
 of their possessions—exposed to the keen results of ingratitude 
 — driven to despair, 
 
 Feiiow-Citizens :-— The tree of Liberty has taken a deep 
 and lasting root in our soil, lifting its luxuriant branches to the 
 sky. Its blossoms of hope, wafted by the pure winds of 
 IJeaven over the land of our Southern neighbours, warmed in 
 her genial clime, ripened in her air, and scattered the seeds of 
 liberty and light over the whole extent of their fertile plains. 
 Infant States reared their heads, and exhibited their claims to 
 be ranked among the nations of the earth. Their rights have 
 been nurtured in the prudent councils of our country, and we 
 gave them the history of our own revolutionary struggles, as 
 the model on which they might found their own. We rejoiced 
 in the victories of their arms, and mourned over the fields of 
 their defeat. The tongues of our orators dwelt with rapture 
 on the display of their virtues ; and the excited feeling of our 
 people would have made their cause our own. Watching with 
 anxious solicitude their approach to the Temple of Freedom, 
 the Genius of America met them at its gates, and firmly pointed 
 to their seats among the people of the Earth. Yes, South 
 Americans, we have been faithful to our trust, and true to your 
 interests. The watchful eye of our Government has followed 
 with sleepless vigilance the advance of your liberties, and de- 
 fended you with its energetic efforts from the machinations of 
 your foes. History will hereafter tell you, how her enlightened 
 councils penetrated the cabinets of Europe, and pierced their 
 deep designs. The records of Time will unfold to you, how 
 she ** clamoured" for you throughout the world, addressing 
 argument to reason, and persuasion to interest. You will yet 
 learn ; that appealing to patriotic emotion, she had caused the 
 spirit of Hamden and Sydney to stir in your behalf, and brought 
 the shades of Burke and of Sheridan, of Chatham and of Fox, 
 to unite with blessings on your rising fate. If we have not 
 unsheathed the sword in your cause, we have laid deep the 
 foundations of your freedom by our earnest appeals to Hu- 
 manity, to Religion, to Reason, and to God ; and when the 
 voice of our country was heard in a tone which electrified the 
 people of America, and confounded the councils of Europe, 
 by the wise and prudent measures of a government always 
 devoted to your liberties, she had laid the basis of a power to 
 which they might have been safely confided against a world in 
 arms. 
 
 People of South America : — By the blood which you have 
 shed in defence of your freedom — by your soil still polluted 
 
ORATION* 95 
 
 by the feet of your invaders — by the calamities of war — by the 
 blessings of peace ; by the fears of your friends — by the hopes 
 of your foes — by the duty you owe to yourselves — by the debt 
 you owe to us — by the sympathy which your efforts have roused 
 in the hearts of civilized man — we implore you, cease the inter- 
 nal commotion by which your prospects are blighted, and your 
 liberties are endangered. Lay broad the foundations of intel- 
 ligence and virtue on which your freedom must be erected. 
 Rear up your statesmen upon the inimitable models of Wash- 
 ington and Lafayette — learning them to prefer honour to power 
 — their country to themselves. Look to the late events which 
 have occurred in France ; imitate the moderation by which 
 they have triumphed. May the dawn of that day be not far 
 distant, when the same feeling which gladdens the hearts of 
 that gallant people shall be beautifully illustrated in the sta- 
 bihty of your governments, devoted to the preservation of free 
 principles and the happiness of man. We invite you this day 
 to taste of the holy enthusiasm which pervades our land, and 
 let your prayers mingle with our own for the prosperity and 
 happiness of our common world. 
 
 To the cabinets of Europe the late events in France ar© 
 the handwriting on the wall — the prophetic spirit of the age 
 interprets the signs. It tells of revolutions and of strifes. The 
 spirit of vengeance sleeps in every portion of the land. As 
 knowledge becomes extended, improvement will follow. Where 
 a true estimate of his rights is established, man will perceive 
 in himself a spirit able to sustain them. We hail, then, the light 
 which gleams on the future destinies of France, as a beam of 
 that Sun which shall arise with " healing in its wings," to dis- 
 pel the clouds of superstition and igr>orance which envelope a 
 portion of mankind, and finally pierce with its penetrating rays 
 all the regions of the earth. 
 
 People of France, here we give you our cheers. People of 
 South America, here we extend to you our arms. Friends of li- 
 berty throughout the world, here we take you by the hand. Unite 
 with us in the general joy which pervades our land. Shades of 
 Washington and of Franklin, of Adams and of Jefferson, descend 
 from your peaceful abodes, and smile upon this work. We 
 follow not the shouts of victory. — -We triumph in the march of 
 mind. Bless Liberty wherever she dwells, and interposing 
 your prayers between us and all the dangers which menace our 
 fate, intercede with Heaven to make America prosperous aad 
 her people happy. 
 
94 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 Immediately after the Oration, the following Ode, written by 
 Samuel Woodworth, Esq. — a production of no ordinary merit 
 —was sung by the entire band of choristers attached to the 
 Park Theatre, — Mr. E. Richings, Leader. 
 
 ODE, 
 
 1. 
 O'er regal domes renown'd in story, 
 
 The trinal banner proudly waves ; 
 And France resumes the nrtarch of glory, 
 
 Her gallant sons no longer slaves. 
 With tyrants vainly had they pleaded — 
 
 But when the PRESS in thunder spoke, 
 
 It burst their chains with lightning-stroke, 
 And peace and liberty succeeded. 
 
 CHORUS. 
 
 Then swell the choral strain. 
 
 To hail the blest decree ; 
 Rejoice ! Rejoice ! the PRESS shall reign ^ 
 
 And all the world be free. 
 
 All hail, renowned chivalric nation ! 
 
 Land of the olive and the vine ; 
 Inspired with kindred emulation. 
 
 Our bosoms glow with joy like thine. 
 Columbia's grateful sons am never 
 
 Forget that in her darkest hour 
 
 She owed to Gallic arms the power 
 To disenthrall her PRESS for ever, 
 
 S. 
 
 The day which saw the sceptre shivered, 
 
 And hailed Columbia truly free, 
 From every hireling foe delivered. 
 
 We consecrate to joy and thee. 
 For tyrants tremble now before thee, 
 
 And a free PRESS, the beacoD light 
 
 That burst upon oppression's night, 
 Has spread eternal glory o'er thee. 
 
 4. 
 Thy chartered rights, with lawless darings 
 Beneath oppressors' feet were trod^ 
 
KEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 95 
 
 Tiil startled despots heard, despairing, 
 The people's voice, the voice of God ! 
 
 Their sovereign will was loudly spoken--- 
 The PRESS proclaimed it to the world, — 
 Till Freedom's ensign waved unfurled. 
 
 And Gallia's galling chains were broken. 
 
 5. 
 Thy gallant band of youthful heroes, 
 
 Roused by their bleeding country's prayers, 
 Undaunted hurled on ruthless Neroes 
 
 The vengeance due to crimes like theirs. 
 Too late they see their fatal error — 
 
 Their hireling guards by ^-N^usands fall — - 
 
 The PRESS resigns it.: 'j^es for ball, 
 And despots fly the scene in terror ! 
 
 6. 
 Their deeds shall live in deathless story, 
 
 And song preserve their chaplets green, 
 Yet still the brightest rays of glory, 
 
 Circle one godlike brow serene. 
 'Tis his, whose youthful valour aided 
 
 Columbia's cause, when hostile bands 
 
 Were laying waste her fairest lands, 
 And all her blooming hopes had faded. 
 
 7. 
 Immortal La Fayette, we hail thee ; 
 
 The friend of equal rights on earth : 
 Though servile tools of kings assail thee, 
 
 Columbia knows and owns thy worth. 
 Thou first of heroes, best of sages. 
 
 The glorious chaplet thou hast won, 
 
 Disciple of our Washington, 
 Shall bloom like his for endless ages. 
 
 An interesting ceremony now took place, the presentation 
 of the elegant tri-coloured flag borne in the procession by the 
 brothers Peuguet, which M/as presented in behalf of the natives 
 of France, resident in New- York, by Joseph Bouchaud, Esq., 
 their Chairman, to the First Division of New-York State Ar- 
 tillery, commanded by Major General Morton, who received it 
 at the head of the Division. The following is the Address of 
 Mr. Bouchaud upon presenting the Standard. 
 
98 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 ADDRESS. 
 General, 
 
 The French Residents in New-York have not seen, without 
 a deep feeling of gratitude, the lively enthusiasm with which 
 the American nation has hailed the glorious regeneration of 
 France. This sympathy was natural, for our cause is yours, 
 and in your annals of July 1776, we read our history of July 
 1830. France, like America, has roused herself against Ty- 
 ranny, like her, too, she has fought and bled for Liberty, and 
 both have, for the trophies of Victory, recovered by conquest, 
 the sacred rights of millions. It is with this analogy in the 
 destinies of the two people that we owe the peculiar aspect 
 which distinguishes this great solemnity, that of a family festi- 
 val, where united Americans and Frenchmen have determined 
 to mingle their transports of joy. In testimony of this union, 
 so precious to us, we come to deposit in your hands, the banner 
 we have followed. To us, it is the emblem of Liberty and 
 Honour, and as such we confide it to the free and the brave. 
 Placed among your archives, by the side of your own colours, 
 it will preserve the remembrance of this bright day, and will 
 likewise recall an epoch that is not without glory, that which 
 witnessed the triumph of the standards of France and America, 
 united under Washington arid La Fayette. 
 
 To which General Morton made the following 
 
 REPLY. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 The feelings which have actuated the citizens of New- York, 
 in thus celebrating the late glorious events in France, have been 
 justly viewed and are elegantly expressed in your address. The 
 late struggle in France against despotism, could not but recall 
 to our itiinds our own contest for freedom, and the success of 
 the French was hailed with increased joy, when we reflected, 
 that to the union of their arms with our own, we are indebted 
 for the blessings we now enjoy. 
 
 We receive, with great pleasure, the Standard under which 
 you have marched in this day's Celebration. It will, when dis- 
 played with our own colors, be an evidence of the friendly and 
 respectful feelings of the French Residents of this city towards 
 the Militia of our Country, and the union of the two standards, 
 as you feelingly remark, will remind us of the united Flags of 
 America and France, under which Washington and La Fayette 
 led the way to Victory and Independence. In our celebration 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 97 
 
 this day, while the heart is rejoiced at the victory achieved in 
 the cause of Freedom, it is cheered by the reflection, that, in 
 the conflict, no act occurred to sully its holy and sacred cause. 
 — And permit us, gentlemen, to express the hope, that a new day 
 of glory and happiness is now opened to your beloved France, 
 under the reign of the patriot, Louis Philip the First, King of 
 the French. Called to the throne by the voice of the People, 
 he may, we trust, rule for the People, for the People only, and 
 with the People's love." 
 
 [The Standard borne by Colonel Jackson, was escorted to 
 General Morton's quarters by the suite of the Major General, 
 and the company of Lancers under command of Captain 
 Beach.] 
 
 The Marseillois hymn was now sung by the whole Choir, the 
 citizens joining in the chorus. 
 
 A feu dejoie by the troops closed the all-enlivening and in- 
 teresting scenes and events of Washington Square, — of things 
 enacted in honour of '' the glorious Parisian population^ ^ and 
 all else of France, and that shall redound to the honour of the 
 men who first conceived and acted upon the principle that 
 Freemen should not be silent when a great nation was regene- 
 rated. To the immense population of our city, who at once 
 coalesced in this hberal and patriotic feeling, an equal share of 
 admiration will attach. — The day will long Hve in story, and 
 fill up many a pleasant hour when the children of 1830, in the 
 winter of their day, shall speak of the events in olden times, 
 among the least interesting of which, shall not be numbered 
 the Celebration of the Revolution of France in the City of 
 New- York. 
 
 The following happy description of the scene at Washington 
 Square, is taken from the Daily Advertiser. 
 
 " The whole scene, when viewed together at the Washington 
 Parade Ground, was grand and imposing. The stage for the 
 Orator of the day, &lc, was erected near the centre of the en- 
 closure, and this being the great point of attraction, the mass 
 of societies and citizens, to the number of about fifty thousand 
 persons, drew as near as circumstances would admit during the 
 performance of the ceremonies. The stage itself was richly 
 ornamented with the various standards, &c. To the south of 
 this great enclosure, there is a row of beautiful marble build- 
 ings, from the windows of which, flags were arranged, and so 
 festooned from the lower to the upper windows, as to present 
 to the spectator at a distance, a magnificent Military Tent, 60 
 feet in height. On the north, upon the open fields, at several 
 
 9 
 
98 , C^ELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 hundred yards distance, the whole of the military were drawii 
 up, while the streets and intermediate grounds around the 
 whole square were lined with the various cars, which formed 
 part of the procession, with whole lines of butchers and cart- 
 men on horseback, and thousands viewing the various emblems 
 and decorations. For nearly a quarter of a mile square, the 
 scene exhibited a mass of people well dressed and decorated 
 with tri-coloured sashes, badges, and cockades, while the great 
 profusion of standards and decorations, formed of striking co- 
 lours, added a richness and splendour, that can better be con- 
 ceived than described. Among other scenes which attracted 
 much curiosity, were the several presses at work upon their 
 cars in the open field, while the ceremonies were performihg, 
 and thousands crowding around them eager to obtain an ode.'* 
 
 In addition to what has been borrowed from the '* Daily," 
 we would observe that the balconies adjacent to the square, 
 were graced with our countrywomen uniformly dressed in 
 white, wearing tri-coloured scarfs, and turbans, giving to the 
 scene an enchanting effect, heightened by the gallantry of the 
 numerous societies of artisans and mechanics, distributing 
 among them the various products of their ingenuity and labour. 
 In this, the Printers were peculiarly distinguished by throwing 
 inform as they pressed forward, the impressions of the day, 
 in the cast of odes, &c. which were worked off " en passant.^^ 
 
 In front of Col. Murray's quarters (one of the block of mar- 
 ble buildings, and which was designated as such for the day), 
 a marquee was pitched, and tents at each corner of the 
 square, where the well-disciplined corps of '' Scott's Cadets," 
 commanded by Capt. John D. Jackson^ mounted guard and 
 discharged their duty in the most spirited and soldierhk@ 
 manner. 
 
 THE REMAINDER OF THE DAY. 
 
 It was the FeopWs Jubilee^ and one in which they had en- 
 listed with heart and soul. The ceremonies at Washington 
 Square were closed at about three o'clock, and the immense 
 body there assembled, branched off in a regular manner, but 
 in great variety of direction. All the implements of the sol- 
 dier, that in the piping times of peace are used but in the 
 harmless way of parade and as a brilliant and winning pageant, 
 were to be restored to their respective places of deposite : the 
 banners, the insignias, the stages, the printing presses, the en- 
 gines, the ladders, the steam-boat, the race-boat, and Jast though 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 99 
 
 not least, the oxen, were at once seen upon the move under 
 the direction of their various " attaches," and all were quickly 
 deposited.'where they were wont to be. Then, lighted of their 
 charges and responsibilities, a new scene presented itself. 
 Dinner parties, balls, routes, and theatres — all these had their 
 votaries, and all were liberally patronized. We give, as filling 
 up the measure of the day and night, all that occurred con- 
 nected with the celebration coming under our knowledge. 
 
 EIGHTH WARD CELEJ3RATI0N. 
 
 In commemoration of the 25th of November and of the late 
 Revolution in France, a numerous company partook of an ex- 
 cellent repast prepared by Mr. Wm. Butler, at the Richmond 
 Hill House. Seth Geer, Esq., presided, assisted by Messrs. Ho- 
 nay, Lawrence, and Ross. In the course of the evening a depu- 
 tation was sent to the citizens dining in the 9th Ward, which 
 courtesy was promptly returned. The company had also the 
 pleasure of receiving a visit from the Hon. E. P. Livingston, 
 the Mayor and Recorder of this city, and David Williams, the 
 only surviving captor of Major Andre. After a very pertinent 
 address from Dr. John F. Gray, the following regular toasts 
 were drank. 
 
 Regular Toasts. 
 
 1. The President of the United States. Hail Columbia. 
 
 2. Lafayette, the disciple of Washington, though misfor- 
 tunes for awhile overclouded him, he at length emerged, and 
 now shines a brilliant star in the horizon of political and reli- 
 gious freedom. Hail to the Chief. 
 
 3. Louis Philippe. The citizen king. A Bourbon in no- 
 thing but the name. 
 
 4. The Tri-coloured Flag. We hail its appearance as the 
 harbinger of liberty throughout Europe. 
 
 Marseillois Hymn. 
 6. This memorable day, on which the Lion and Unicorn 
 crouched to the American Eagle, and the bands of the enemy 
 evacuated this city, and left it as it now is, free and happy. 
 
 Yankee Doodle. 
 
 6. The 27th, 28th, and 29th days of July, 1830, glorious in 
 the annals of the F'rench people. La Parisien. 
 
 7. Our native land. Star Spangled Banner. 
 
 8. Dupont D'Eure, Minister of Justice, the Aristides of 
 France. 
 
 9. France, the ally of America in the war of Independence. 
 
100 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 She aided in the cause of freedom, and has at lengfii gained for 
 herself the blessings of liberty. Rural Felicity. 
 
 10. The champions of freedom throughout the world. 
 
 Washington's March. 
 
 1 1. The memory of the Patriots who fell in the contest for 
 liberty on the memorable 27th, 28th, and 29th days of July, 
 1830. Pleyel'sHymn. 
 
 12. Prosperity to the Arts and Sciences in France and 
 America — May their Agriculture flourish, and their Commerce 
 bring wealth and abundance to both countries. 
 
 13. The Press — A powerful engine in freedom's cause, and 
 the dread of tyrants. 
 
 14. The Students of the Polytechnic School — May those 
 who succeed them emulate their principles. 
 
 Lafayette's March. 
 
 15. The conquest of Algiers—an event hanourable to the 
 French arms, and beneficial to the whole civilized world. 
 
 Battle of Marengo. 
 
 16. The National Guards, Citizen Soldiers — the only army 
 a free people require. Jackson's March. 
 
 17. The heroes and patriots of the Revolution — Let the 
 grass be verdant on their graves, and the recollection of their 
 virtues never perish. Sicilian Hymn. 
 
 18. Spain and Portugal— May they arise in their strength, 
 and say unto their tyrants, the '' measure of your crimes is fulL'^ 
 
 Spanish Constitution March. 
 
 19. Let tyrants tremble — The period has arrived when 
 kings must be taught that they are men. 
 
 Go to the Devi], &:c. 
 
 20. Education — Let its blessings be diffused, and mankind 
 must be free. 
 
 21. The memory of Washington. Dirge. 
 
 22. The Constitution of the United States—- The most per- 
 fect now presented to the view of the nations of the earth. 
 
 Jefferson and Liberty. 
 
 23. The State of New-York — Let her relative importance 
 speak for itself and pronounce her encomium. 
 
 New- York State March. 
 
 24. The Fair. Come haste to the Wedding. 
 
 VOLXJISTEERS. 
 
 By the President- — Lafayette at Yorktown. 
 
 By the Vice-President. — The Late French Revolution-— 
 
EEVOLUTION IN FRANOB, 1830. 101 
 
 May it be as extensive as the universe in its effects, and its in- 
 fluence as lasting as time. 
 
 By the second Vice-President. — Jaques Lafitte, President of 
 the French Chamber of Deputies. 
 
 By the third Vice-President. — Hon. Martin Van Buren Secre- 
 tary of the United States — The state of New- York has reason 
 to be proud of her son . 
 
 By the Deputation from the Ninth Ward.— The Eighth 
 Ward, first in population, may it ever be the first in the cause 
 of liberty. 
 
 By W. W. Cowan. — The inhabitants of Belgium — Freed 
 from the yoke imposed on them by the Holy Alliance, may no 
 despot again lord it over their ancient city. 
 
 By John S. Banta, Esq.— The 25th of November, 1783— 
 the day we celebrate — may it ever be held in grateful remem- 
 brance. 
 
 By the Hon. E. P. Livingston. — The city of New- York. 
 
 By Walter Bowne, Esq.— The Eighth Ward. 
 
 By Samuel Y. Clark. — Education, the handmaid of liberty. 
 
 By Col. Harsen. — The liberty of the press, and the liberty 
 of conscience (the fear of tyrants, and the enemy of bigots), 
 their rhardh, if governed by. reason and prudence, will emanci- 
 pate a world. 
 
 By E. S. Connor. — Napoleon Buonaparte — The victim of 
 the Holy Alliance. 
 
 By Gen. Van Zandt. — The conflicting powers of Europe — 
 Let the sword of America be drawn in defence of her people's 
 rights, but not in the quarrels of foreign nations. 
 
 By Dr. H. Van Hoevenbergh.— -The memory of De Witt 
 Clinton. 
 
 By John Stebbins.— The Hero of Liberty — the veteran of 
 three revolutions. 
 
 By J. Ruden. — Former days to good old Holland, when the 
 Stadtholder was at the head of affairs, and the republican form 
 of government existed and flourished. 
 
 By Dr. J. Harsen. — The progress of education — May it 
 speedily abolish every species of dangerous distinction, and 
 render every American a patriot from principle. 
 
 By G. S. Bogert. — The late Revolution in France — May 
 it prove the happy precursor to the downfall of all tyrants and 
 their satellites. 
 
 By Chs. Jones. — Maria Amelia, Queen of the French — An 
 exalted example of female excellence and virtue. 
 
10£ CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 NINTH WARD DINNER. 
 
 In commemoration of the Evacuation of New- York, on the 
 25th day of November, 1783, and of the recent triumph of 
 liberty in France^ a pubhc dinner was given at Military Hall. 
 Thomas Morris, Esq. presided, assisted by Messrs. Nathan 
 Darling and Richard Cromwell, as Vice-Presidents. 
 
 Among the guests present on the occasion, were Mr. David 
 Williams, the only surviving captor of Andre, Mr. Young, a 
 compatriot in arms with Williams ; the Lieutenant Governor 
 of the State, elect ; Hon. Isaac Hill, U. S. Senator from 
 New-Hampshire ; the Mayor and Recorder of the city, A, C. 
 Flagg, Secretary of State, and E. Croswell, of Albany, with 
 many other distinguished individuals, members of assembly^ 
 &/C. An Address was delivered by Richard Cromwell, Esq. 
 the Orator of the day, which was listened to with great atten- 
 tion, and produced no small effect, particularly when the ora- 
 tor alluded to Williams, his services, and incorruptible inte- 
 grity at that trying period. The venerable old gentleman in- 
 voluntarily arose from his seat and burst into tears, which 
 were mingled with those of many present. The orator also 
 made a very happy allusion to the acquaintance of the vener- 
 able President of the feast with the Duke of Orleans, when 
 travelling in the western wilds of our country, where he shared 
 with him his roof and table, and that the lapse of time, the 
 splendour of a court, and the cares of a kingdom, had not 
 prevented him from conveying lately to our worthy fellow-citi- 
 zen the testimony of his grateful remembrance and continued 
 regard. 
 
 During the evening, deputations were received from the As- 
 sociation of the Friends of Ireland, dining at Tammany Hall, 
 and from a dinner given in the Sth Ward. 
 
 After the cloth was removed, the following regular toasts 
 were drank, accompanied with appropriate music. 
 
 1. The twenty- lifth day of November. 
 
 2. The 27th, 28th, and 29th days of July, 1830. 
 
 3. The President of the United States. 
 
 4. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor of the State of 
 New- York. 
 
 5. General Lafayette. 
 
 6. The Constitution of the United States. 
 ^. France, the Ally of our infant Republic. 
 8. The Heroes of the Revolution. 
 
RETOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1880. 103 
 
 9. The Students of the French Polytechnic School. 
 
 10. Fidelity and Integrity — David Williams and Enoch 
 Croshy. 
 
 11. Liberty of the Press. 
 
 12. The Army and Navy of the United States. 
 
 13. The Women of France : like the American Amazons 
 — On their Standard was vt'ritten, " A soldier's vi^idow, in pre- 
 ference to a coward's wife.'' 
 
 Volunteers. 
 
 By Thomas Morris, Esq. President. — The purity of Elec- 
 tions, the best safeguard of our Republic. 
 
 By E. P. Livingston (Lieut; Governor elect). — New- York 
 city and county — May the civilities which unite us, ever be 
 strengthened by those of friendship and patriotism. 
 
 By His Hon. the Mayor. — The empire of reason, controll- 
 ing the destinies of the world. 
 
 By His Hon. the Recorder. — The People — The only legiti- 
 mate source of political power. 
 
 By Mr. David Williams (surviving captor of Andre). — Our 
 Constitution — May it ever remain what it now is. If ever al- 
 tered, the whole fabric will be defaced. 
 
 By Mr. Young (one of the surviving officers of the Ame- 
 rican Revolution). — The People of France—May they, in 
 their glorious struggle for liberty, be governed by moderation 
 and wisdom. 
 
 By the Hon. Isaac Hill (U. S. Senator from New-Hamp- 
 shire). — The great state of New- York — Her democratic Work- 
 ing Men always united, will for ever prevent the nation from 
 falling within the grasp of an unrelenting, unwearied aris- 
 tocracy. 
 
 ByE. Croswell, of Albany. — The Popular Sentiment — Al- 
 ways honest, and under a free government, omnipotent. 
 
 By A. C. Flagg, Esq. (Secretary of State). —The Repub- 
 licans of the Ninth Ward — An important branch of that great 
 democratic party, which has always contended for an exten- 
 sion of the privileges of the people, and whose energy in the 
 last war was our country's shield. 
 
 By N. Darling (first Vice-President).— Col. R. M. John- 
 son — The hero in combat, and distinguished in Congress by 
 his report on the Sunday Mail question. 
 
 By R. Cromwell, Esq. (second Vice-President).— The 
 
104 CELEBRATION OF TH^ 
 
 French People — May their wisdom keep pace with their pa- 
 triotism. 
 
 By E. R. Billings.— Martin Van Buren — The enlightened 
 statesman, the consistent advocate of those three living inte- 
 rests, on which is founded the wealth of the world — agricul- 
 ture, commerce, and manufactures. 
 
 By Wm. K. Strong. — The American Revolution — There 
 never was a nobler spirit manifested in the deliverance of a 
 country. 
 
 By Warren Curtis. — The people of France and America — 
 May they ever have in remembrance the example of one revo- 
 lution, to prevent the necessity of another. 
 
 By S. M. Stil well. —Moral and political honesty— <* One 
 and indivisible." 
 
 By L. Kidder. — The daughters of France — Gay as the 
 balmy breezes that play among their native groves, and fair as 
 the ski»3s that arch their lovely plains, their intelligence has 
 taught their sons to love liberty. 
 
 By Col. N. T. Arnold.— Ex-President Monroe— The early 
 companion of Washington and Lafayette, the untiring friend 
 of liberty. 
 
 By John Harris.— The memory of the immortal trio-— 
 Washington, Jefferson, and Franklin— -drunk standing — Dirge. 
 
 By Wm. Allen.— Owr oion Lafayette, the farmer of La 
 Grange — from what in the spring of life he planted, and in 
 summer tilled, he has in autumn gathered a rich and glorious 
 harvest. 
 
 By Richard B. Fosdick. — The tri-coloured flag, emblem- 
 atical of the three glorious days in Paris— 
 
 1st. The Red-^of their blood so freely shed. 
 
 2d. The White— the purity of their principles. 
 ^ 3d. The Blue — the colour of their discomfited runaway 
 Princes. 
 
 By Garrit Gilbert. — The two Hemispheres, America and 
 France — The parents of liberty — their sons born in the glo- 
 rious month of July — the first in '76, the last in 183U. 
 
 By L. Cruttenden, of Albany. — The voice of the people of 
 the continent of Europe— May its effects on their tyrants be 
 like that of the rams' horns of old on the walls of Jericho. 
 
 By Col. J. B. Murray. — The Press — Public opinion its only 
 legitimate censor. 
 
 By Isaac Amerman, — Lights Life, and Liberty, one and in- 
 dissoluble — right of opinion, freedom of speech, and the 
 
EBVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1850. 10* 
 
 liberty of the press — consecrated privileges, purchased by th© 
 blood of our fathers. 
 
 By Aaron O. Dayton. — The independence of the Press-— 
 the hope of liberty in the old world, the safeguard in the new. 
 
 By Alderman WelU. — Absent Friends. 
 
 By Assistant Alderman Rogers. —The people's rights — - 
 May their echoes resound from the remotest corners of the 
 Republic. 
 
 By Dr. Charles A. Lee. — The nations of Europe having 
 long studied the theory of free institutions on our own Char* 
 ter of Rights, they have at length taken license to practise — 
 their Patients are Royal subjects — the disease — the King^s 
 Evil^ or the evil of Kings. 
 
 By Hamilton Wilson. — Daniel O'Connell, the uncompro- 
 mising advocate — May the voice of the Polytechnic School 
 thunder at the gates of St. James', and echo at the Castle of 
 Dublin, until Ireland is free. 
 
 By Wm. A. Thompson. — The memory of the Parisian pa- 
 triots, who on the 27th, 28th, and 29th of July, 1830, gloriously 
 sacrificed their lives at the altar of freedom — '^ may the earth 
 rest light upon their bosoms." 
 
 By Charles M. Hay. — Mr. David Williams, the surviving 
 captor of Andre — his hoary locks, a sight more beautiful to 
 the eyes of freemen than the richest crown that ever^^^ked a 
 monarch's brow, and the brightest ornament that adorns this 
 day's festival. 
 
 By John F. Adriance. — Our fathers of yore reared their 
 standard for the rights of man, and were triumphant ; their 
 sons appreciate their virtues, and will maintain the same even 
 unto death. 
 
 By J, S. Bogart. — The press, its fulcrum reason, its power 
 the lever that moves the world. 
 
 By Nathaniel Jarvis — Liberty, the true patriot's gratulation. 
 
 By H. H. Walker — Gen. Lafayette, who, having passed 
 through three fiery furnaces, has, like Shadrach, Meschec, and 
 Abednego, corne forth without scorch or blemish. 
 
 By John Flint. — The Revolution of the three days — If men 
 have French souls, how short the road to freedom. 
 
 By Alexander Knox, jr. — The French, brave, generous, 
 and patriotic, surely they deserve freedom who can so glori- 
 ously achieve it, and so temperately enjoy it. 
 
 By W. D. N. Cook. — [Accompanied with a mammoth loaf 
 of bread, since presented to persons confined in the Debtors* 
 Jail] — May we never be backward in coming forward. 
 
106 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 By M. Anderson. — The three Working Men who saved our 
 northern army from capture — Williams, Paulding, and Van 
 Wart. 
 
 By G. W. Stoutenburgh. France and America — Jackson 
 and Lafayette — '* the men who have filled the measure of their 
 Country's Glory." 
 
 By Walter Morton. The Hon. Wm. C. Rives, our Minister 
 to France — His talents have secured to him the respect of 
 strangers abroad, and the confidence of his countrymen at 
 home. 
 
 By F. Lane. — Our Country — may it grow stronger and 
 stronger, no link of its union be broken, and should its Liberties 
 be hereafter assailed, may we every man defend it. 
 
 By. C. M. Day.— The author of the " rights of man." 
 
 By W. M. Haxtun. — Liberty — may its temple be enlarged 
 until all the nations of the earth are gathered together under its 
 mighty dome. 
 
 By R. R. Lorton. — The youth of the United States, may 
 they emulate the virtues of their sires. 
 
 By Charles W. Teller. — The sons of America, may they 
 possess the spirit of Generals Washington and La Fayette. 
 
 By Israel Ketchum. — Th^ Gallic Cock — a few more spurs 
 in the sides of despotism, and he will place himself on a par 
 with the American Eagle. 
 
 By Cornelius Tan Cleef. — L'Ecole Polytechnique-^When 
 boys act as men, they must rule. 
 
 By James Smith.— The Heroes of the Revolution — They 
 kindled their torch on the altar of reason, and saw themselves 
 free — its benign radiance still cheers their children, and ani- 
 mates tlie people of France to noble deeds — its fainter lights 
 glimmer on the outposts of Europe ; but ere long will flash 
 despotism in the face. 
 
 By Mr. Davis. — Edward P. Livingston, our truly republican 
 Lieut. Gov. elect. 
 
 By Thomas Parker, of New Jersey (accompanied with a ^3 
 note, as a donation to our imprisoned debtors). — As this day 
 is set apart to celebrate the Liberty of France, let us not forget 
 our imprisoned debtors. 
 
 By Daniel French. — The Grand Nation, its armies humbled 
 kings to the dust, its Patriots will exalt slaves to the dignity of 
 freemen. 
 
 In the course of the evening the following Ode, written for 
 the occasion by a gentleman of the 9th ward, was sung by an^ 
 other gentleman ; 
 
KEVOLUTION IN PRANCE, 1830. 107 
 
 France, oppress'd by tyrant's claims, 
 
 Wash away a nation's stains, 
 
 Rise and break the pond'rous chains, 
 
 By a mighty stroke ! 
 Charles, the hour of wrath is nigh ; 
 Despots only live to fly, 
 Gallia's sons will freely die — 
 
 But, they spurn the yoke ! 
 
 Now's the hour of conflict dire, 
 Raise the banner — raise it higher ; 
 Let it wave from every spire, 
 
 Mocking tyranny ; 
 On for Freedom, meet the foe 1 
 Heaven above, and earth below, 
 Witness this decisive blow ; 
 
 'Tis for Liberty. 
 
 Now the arm of vengeance stay : 
 Mercy's purest, brightest ray, 
 Let the victor's heart display, 
 
 To a prostrate foe. 
 Foreign Courts imposed the king — 
 Take again the fallen thing ; 
 We inflict no fatal sting. 
 
 But, we bid him go! 
 
 France no more shall bow the knee- 
 Peace restored and country free — 
 Sing a nation's Jubilee ! 
 
 Nations, proud and great ; 
 Home of him, who, great and good, 
 Freely shed the purple flood, 
 Gave for freemen youthful blood ; 
 • Noble Lafayette ! — 
 
 The toasts were interspersed with songs and recitations, 
 giving animation and zest to the entertainment. The room 
 was very tastefolly decorated. The fare was excellent, and 
 served up in a tnanner reflecting great credit on the proprietors 
 of Military Hall, Messrs. Campbell and Baldwin. • 
 
108 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 WORKING MEN'S DINNER. 
 
 In honour of the French Revolution of July, 1830, and in 
 Commemoration of the Evacuation of New- York by the 
 British Troops^ on the 25th of November, 
 
 On the 26th day of November, 1830, in the city of New 
 York, after the splendid procession to celebrate the glorious 
 events above mentioned, a number of Working Men repaired 
 to the Masonic Hall, Broadway, according to previous arrange- 
 ment, to partake of the festivities of a Public Dinner in honour 
 thereof 
 
 There were present on the occasion a Delegation from the 
 Working Men of Brooklyn, and during a part of the evening, 
 a Delegation from the citizens dining in the Ninth Ward. Mr. 
 Morrison officiated as President, supported by Mr. Raymond 
 of Brooklyn ; Mr. John Frazee, and Mr. John Ditchett, 
 as Vice Presidents. 
 
 The company were seated at table about half past 5 o'clock, 
 P.M., and were soon prepared, by partaking of a well pro- 
 vided entertainment, for the enjoyment of the mental repast. 
 
 As soon as the cloth was removed, the following Toast was 
 given from the chair : 
 
 1 . The day we commemorate. — Its annual observance repays 
 but a moiety of that gratitude for which every American stands 
 indebted to those heroic Patriots who so nobly fought and bled 
 in Freedom's cause. 
 
 The Address which follows was then delivered by Mr. 
 Walker : 
 
 Mr. Chairman, and Fellow Citizens — Unaccustomed as I 
 am to public speaking, I throw myself upon your liberality. 
 The habits of my life, which has been that of a mechanic from 
 my youth, and the cons'^equent Vv ant of that education necessary 
 to form a public speaker, will, I trust, induce you to bear with 
 my inability, while I offer a few remarks on the important 
 event which we have this evening met to celebrate. 
 
 Fellow Citizens — We live in an age pregnant with import- 
 ant consequences to the whole human family. The improve- 
 ments which have been effected in the arts and sciences, have 
 spread abroad among the producing classes of society an intel- 
 ligence, which has elevated this too long oppressed class to a 
 power and influence in the governments of civilized man, 
 which enlivens and animates the philanthropist and the patriot 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830., 109 
 
 with the brilliant hope that the day is at hand when education^ 
 the regenerator of man, will be universally diffused — when the 
 foul and hideous monster ignorance^ the greatest curse of our 
 species, will have no resting place, at least among those na- 
 tions who claim the pre-eminence of being civilized ; and in 
 the place of degrading ignorance and consequent vice, health- 
 ful and invigorating knowledge and consequent virtue shall 
 reign triumphant. 
 
 To accomplish and hasten on this glorious work, government 
 must be changed or renovated. Too long has might usurped 
 the place of right. Too long have the rights and the interest^' 
 of the many, been sacrificed at the shrine of the usurped in- 
 terests of the few : Too long have mankind been deceived by 
 the cant of the interested, that they are unqualified to govern 
 themselves. But little more than half a century ago, the idea 
 of man's capability of self-government was considered Eutopian 
 and visionary — as principles suited only for the minds and the 
 pens of Historians, Poets and Philosophers : but to reduce 
 them to practice, by putting them in active operation, was 
 considered as " the wildest dream that ever entered the brain 
 of a visionary fanatic,^ ^ who was considered better fitted for 
 the inmate of some madhouse, than to be allov^ed to roam 
 at large in society, propagating his " disorganizing and dan- 
 gerous principles!" 
 
 But thanks 1 immortal thanks ! to the bold, daring and de- 
 voted spirits of a Jefferson, a Washington, a Franklin, an 
 Adams, and a Paine, with the whole host of noble worthies, 
 who placed in bold relief, and in practical operation, the 
 ''Equal Rights of man, and his capability for self-government." 
 Yes, fellow citizens, the American Revolution was one of the 
 greatest and most glorious events which the annals of tho 
 world can boast of. its consummation marks a new and im- 
 portant era in the history of man. Till that period, mankind 
 were but the dupes and the playthings of the triple unholy 
 alliance of kings, nobles, and priests ; who, in whatever else 
 they might disagree, agreed in ruling and fleecing the people 
 for their own selfish purposes. Yes, they displayed great 
 unanimity in considering the producing and useful classes of 
 society, but as '^ hewers of wood and drawers of water ;" or, 
 as Jefferson has it, as «* born with saddles on their backs, for 
 them to ride booted and spurred ;" as merely brought into 
 being for their special use, and to be their humble dependents 
 and slaves ! 
 
 . Fellow Citizens — Your Fathers' Declaration of 4th July, 
 
 10 
 
no CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 1776, burst these despotic chains asunder, and boldly pro 
 claimed to an astonished world, " the unalienable and equal 
 rights of man to self-government." Yes, and your patriot 
 fathers boldly drew the sword to seal with their blood the 
 rights they had dared to proclaim and to establish. 
 
 The lesson which the heroes of your revolution practically 
 taught the haughty aristocracy of Britain, stood, in the politi- 
 cal wilderness, as a pillar of fire to light the way of the 
 oppressed of every clime to the hallowed temple of liberty. 
 Your fathers' noble daring stood as a bright beacon to de- 
 graded man, and successfully established the maxim, '' That a 
 nation to be free need but will it." 
 
 The successful issue of your fathers' resistance to tyranny 
 was soon wafted across the Atlantic's wave. The noble and 
 gallant French, who assisted in the struggle, carried with them, 
 individually, on their return to their native country, a spark of 
 that liberty they had imbibed ; and it was not long till it burst 
 into a flame. But a few years after your independence was esta- 
 blished, the oppressed population of France rose in their might, 
 and burst asunder the chains which for ages had been riveted 
 around their necks. Yes, they nobly rose, and hurled the 
 manacles which had too long enslaved them, at the heads of 
 their oppressors, and boldly proclaimed their determination to 
 be a free people, exercising the rights of freemen. These 
 noble resolves were more than the despots of Europe were 
 prepared to stand. They determined not only to crush the 
 spirit of liberty which the French exhibited, but to extinguish 
 the holy flame in every country of Europe — by extirpating 
 those from the face of the earth, who had dared to burst the 
 chains of slavery, and assert their dignity as freemen. To ac- 
 complish their accursed and hellish purposes, they marched 
 their armed slaves to overwhelm the gallant French ; but never 
 was more completely verified the profound maxim of th6 poet, 
 that 
 
 " Thrice is he armedjjhat hath his quarrel just." 
 
 It is not necessary to occupy your time by detailing any of 
 the horrid scenes, which this unjust aggression of the kings of 
 Europe upon the rights of France produced. The appalling 
 and horrifying butcheries which for near a quarter of a cen- 
 tury drenched the soil of Europe with human blood, must be 
 fresh in all your recollections. SuflBce it to say, that the com- 
 bined despots of Europe succeeded to a certain extent, in the 
 object they had unsheathed the sword to accomplish. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRxiNCE, 1830. Ill 
 
 The " right divine of kings to govern wrong," was esta- 
 bUshed. The Bourbons were restored : or, to use the lan- 
 guage of Gouverneur Morris, at a meeting held in this city, in 
 Murray-street church, to celebrate the restoration of the Bour- 
 bons, " The long agony is over, (he exultingly exclaimed), 
 Europe once more reposes in the arms of her legitimate 
 princes." 
 
 Need I advert to the impious and detestable conspiracy of 
 the despots of Europe, against the rights and hberties of man, 
 which they had the insolence and hardihood to stamp as a 
 holy alliance. Its holy^ I should say its unholy proscriptions, 
 which but too justly entitle it to the latter epithet, was an ex- 
 plicit understanding, that if the subjects of any of these tyrants 
 should dare to demand their right to self-government, one and 
 all of them should hold themselves in readiness to march their 
 armed mercenaries, to crush the bold spirits who would dare 
 to assert their dignity as men. 
 
 Under the protecting influence of this despotic league, the 
 kings of France pursued one steady, one undeviating course, 
 and with a pertinacity worthy of a better cause, they en- 
 deavoured to replace the French people in the same degraded 
 situation as they were prior to the revolution of 1789. But ' 
 the French had become too enlightened ; they had acquired 
 too much real knowledge at the school of dear-bought expe- 
 rience to be duped by such clumsy craftsmen as wielded 
 the energies of despotism in France. Often, often were the 
 minions of tyranny frustrated in their accursed projects ; but 
 as often did they return to their unholy work, till tired out by 
 the firmness, the moderation, but determined perseverance of~ 
 the Liberals of France, the aristocrats, as a last grand effort, 
 boldly determined to trust all to one sweeping proclamation, 
 which at one fell swoop would ingulf in its vortex the rights 
 and liberties of France, guarantied by the Charter, and there- 
 by place the King absolute, and the rights of the people would 
 be prostrated and trampled under foot. 
 
 To succeed in their infamous purposes, it is evident they 
 disregarded every thing that stood in the way of accomplishing 
 their despotic acts. Even if obedience was not rendered, or 
 resistance offered, French blood must be shed. The prime 
 mover in the scheme, Polignac, when remonstrated with on 
 the impropriety of taking such steps, scornfully replied, «' 'Tia 
 done, the soldiers must do the rest!" thus plainly intimating 
 that physical force would be employed to bear down all oppo 
 fiition to their despotic decrees. 
 
112 CELEBRATION OP THE 
 
 Blind and infatuated men ! They fancied themselves armed 
 with omnipotence. But the " glorious population of Paris," 
 the brave and daring mechanics and working men, taught 
 them practically, with a vengeance, that it is much easier to 
 issue decrees than to put them in operation. 
 
 The 27th, 28th, and 29th of July, 1830, are already immor- 
 talized in the annals of history. No where in its pages can 
 we find days to compete with these. In the short space of 
 three days, upwards of thirty millions of Frenchmen stand 
 ''redeemed, regenerated, and disenthralled." And by whom, 
 fellow-citizens, has this mighty change been accomplished. 
 By the noble and the rich of France ? no ! no ! but by men 
 like yourselves — mechanics and working men : or, to use the 
 chaste and elegant language of the tory editor of the Commer- 
 cial, as applied to ourselves a little more than a year ago, the 
 revolution in France was effected by " the slime of the commu- 
 nity, more beastly and terrible than the Egyptian typhon^ 
 Let the aristocrats of every land now talk of " the rabble," 
 " the swinish multitude," '^ the lower orders," " the sans cu- 
 lottes f^ point them to France, and dare them to bring their 
 ''upper classes" — their boasted ''good society,'^ in any one 
 instance, in the history of man, as having exhibited such de- 
 voted bravery in the conflict — such generosity to the con- 
 quered,*end such rarignanimous disinterestedness as the working 
 men of Paris displayed when every thing was in their power ; 
 and yet nothing was wantonly destroyed — no, not even so much 
 as pilfered. 
 
 Away then with the foul calumnies which the tories of every 
 age and country have attempted to fasten upon the producing 
 classes of society, as being degraded in every qualification that 
 constitutes the true dignity of man. 
 
 Fellow citizens : have you forgotten, or can you ever forget 
 the privation and suffering which the gallant Lafayette and his 
 brave associates in arms endured, to assist your fathers to burst 
 and overthrow their galling yoke. Without their aid, the issue 
 of your fathers' struggle would have been protracted and 
 doubtful ; with their assistance, your liberties were secured, 
 your national independence effectually accomplished, and your 
 country enabled to take her place and her rank among the 
 nations of the earth. 
 
 Twofold then is your obligation to the gallant French : you 
 owe them the debt of gratitude for their past services, and shall 
 you hesitate now to award to the gallant, brave working men 
 of Paris the wreath of glory they have so nobly won, not only 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 113 
 
 for themselves but for the producing classes of the world ? Yes, 
 their noble efforts in freedom's cause have done more to ele- 
 vate and ennoble the working classes, than ages of despotism 
 will obliterate. Does not the upHfted voice of their brethren 
 in every land where they dare express it, re-echo their praise ? 
 Have not our brother Working Men of Philadelphia already 
 sent off their congratulations ? And shall we, the Working 
 Men of New- York allow our remissness to place us in the 
 back ground ? 
 
 Your actions this day will, I trust, show that you fully appre- 
 ciate the iioble devotion of the Working Men of Paris, and 
 that you will instruct your Chairman and Secretaries to trans- 
 mit to the hands of the brave, the honest, and the devoted 
 friend of the rights of man, the '* Hero of three Revolutions,*' 
 the Father of the French, the glorious Lafayette, your con- 
 gratulatory address, to be by him presented to the glorious 
 Parisian population. 
 
 Fellow-citizens ; the spirit of liberty which the Working Men 
 of Paris displayed, is already yielding an abundant harvest. 
 The blaze which traversed France with the rapidity of the 
 lightning's flash, already kindles beyond her frontiers. 
 
 The noble Belgians are up demanding with a voice of thunder 
 redress and reform. And the high-minded but long oppressed 
 and degraded Spaniards exhibit unequivocal symptoms of 
 speedily checking if not overthrowing the cowardly and fero- 
 cious monster, Ferdinand. Even in Germany, the spirit of 
 liberty is up and doing, and threatens ere long to regenerate 
 that mighty Empire. Throughout Europe I trust the impetus 
 given to the friends of liberty by the Working Men of Paris, 
 will induce degraded man to assert his dignity and evince his 
 capability for self-government, by the firmness and moderation 
 he displays. And while Europe is thus convulsed to its centre 
 by the struggles of the oppressed against their oppressors, shall 
 we the favoured sons of this western hemisphere allow ourselves 
 to be despoiled of those rights which the Constitution of our 
 Country guarantees us ? while the Working Men of Paris have 
 hurled their oppressors to the dust, shall we the Mechanics and 
 Working Men of America, stand idly by, and allow a moneyed 
 aristocracy to usurp our rights by having all the laws made by 
 them with an eye to their special benefit, when they should be 
 enacted for the interest of the whole and not of a part ? 
 
 Is it, fellow-citizens, in accordance with either the letter or 
 the spirit of our constitution, for our Legislature to endow Col- 
 
 10* 
 
114 CELEBRATION OF TUB 
 
 leges for the children of the rich, and only establish paltry 
 common schools for the children of the poor ? 
 
 Is it in keeping with the Declaration of Independence, to 
 proclaim " equal rights" the birthright of every American 
 citizen, and yet charter monopolies for the benefit of the few, 
 at the expense of the rights and the interests of the many ? 
 
 Is it consistent with republicanism to keep up an antiquated, 
 complicated, and expensive system of civil law, which ema- 
 nated from aristocratic Britain, but which is at war with the 
 rights and the Interests of republican America ? 
 
 Is it in unison with our constitution, with the improvements of 
 man, or the intelligence of the age, to punish poverty as a crimCj 
 and brand with a stigma the unfortunate but honest debtor ? 
 
 Think not, fellow-citizens, I wish to urge you to overthrow 
 our constitution, as based on the declaration of independence ; 
 far from it : those evils I have hinted at are but excrescences 
 fastened by the interested on our glorious constitution, and 
 which require but the caustic of reform, efficiently applied, to 
 remove them from the glorious edifice they contaminate and 
 deface. 
 
 Move on, then, mechanics and working men, in your glo- 
 rious career of mental independence, with republican educa- 
 tion for your polar star, union and firmness your sheet-anchor, 
 and the day is not far distant which shall crown your noble 
 efforts with victory ; and your country shall stand redeemed 
 from the poison of fashion, and the canker-worm of party ; 
 and in their place shall spring up the tree of genuine republic- 
 anism, yi@lding the choice fruits of real equality of rights. 
 Then man shall be judged by his actions, and not by his pro- 
 fessions ; by his usefulness to society, as an industrious citizen, 
 and not by the texture of the garb which covers him. 
 
 2. The glorious event we have this day (Celebrated. — It 
 stands as a pillar of fire, to light the oppressed of every clime 
 to the hallowed temple of liberty. 
 
 Song — Freemen ! rise in proud array — by Mr. Morrison. 
 
 3. The noble heroes of July, 1776. — The first to lead the 
 vray of the oppressed, by bursting asunder the magic sway of 
 the triple and unholy alliance of kings, nobles, and priests. 
 May their descendants ever appreciate their sacrifices, and 
 never forget the same principles which animated their nobla 
 exertions. 
 
 Song — Star Spangled Banner — by Mr. Graham. 
 
 4. Our brethren, the Working Men of Paris,— -They have 
 
KEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 115 
 
 successfully demonstrated, that they can evince a courage, a 
 moderation, and a magnanimity, which the boasted *' upper 
 classes" have never equalled, far less surpassed. 
 
 Song — Marsellois Hymn — by Mr. Durando. 
 6. The students of the Polytechnic Schools. — Their no- 
 ble devotion and heroism during the three days, prove to a de- 
 monstration, that National Schools promote national feelings, 
 and engender principles of equality, and an excited devotion 
 to their country's cause, and the rights and interests of their 
 fellow citizens. 
 
 Song — Hail Columbia — by Mr. Graham. 
 
 6. The glorious French population. — In their devotion and 
 noble daring in defence of their own rights, they have vindi- 
 cated the right of all mankind to self-government, and com- 
 pletely established the maxim, that '' a nation to be free, need 
 but will it." 
 
 Song — A man's a man for a' that—by Mr. Walker. 
 
 7. The producing classes of Society over the globe. — Their 
 interest and their cause are one — may they appreciate and un- 
 derstand their rights, and have firmness to demand and exer- 
 cise them. 
 
 Original Ode— -by Mr. Webb. 
 
 8. The three days. — Unequalled in the annals of the world, 
 they stand as a bright beacon to animate the oppressed of every 
 country, and as a buoy to tyrants, to warn them of the danger 
 of trampling on public opinion. 
 
 Song — Quevedo's Vision — by Mr. Pares. 
 
 9. M. Hubert, and the Society of the Friends of the People. 
 — May they continue their labours till France be in fact, what 
 we fear she is now only in name, a free and a happy people. 
 
 10. The noble Belgians. — Though second in the start, they 
 may be first at the goal, by descarding all Kingcraft, and 
 basing their constitution on the unalienable and equal rights 
 of man to self-government. 
 
 11. Mina and the noble patriots of Spain.— May success 
 attend their glorious enterprise ; may they drive from their soil 
 the heau ideal of tyranny, the ferocious Ferdinand, and erect 
 in his place a government of equal rights. 
 
 12. The memory of Thomas Jefferson, the author of the 
 Declaration which stamped our national existence. — The bold 
 and intrepid advocate of the principles which animate the me- 
 chanics and working men of the present day ; — may they, 
 like him, follow a just cause, regardless of the calumny and 
 the sneers of an interested aristocracy, which now assails them 
 as it assailed him. 
 
I 1 6 CELEBKATION OF THE 
 
 13. Lafayette. — The pupil of the first patriot sa^es of Ame- 
 rican liberty — the patriot soldier, statesman and philanthropist, 
 who, like the surviving relics of our own revolution, views the 
 revolution in France, not as having restored liberty and equal- 
 ity to a just extent, but as an advancing step towards a com- 
 plete restoration. 
 
 14. Universal Education, the regeneration of the moral 
 world. — Without its genial influence, man is a slave, even 
 though nominally free. — May its refreshing and invigorating in- 
 fluence be universally diffused. 
 
 VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 By John Morrison. — The Working Men ofParis — May their 
 noble example spread, until every nation is emancipated from 
 tyranny and bigotry of every description. 
 
 By Charles Crocker. — -Paris in 1830 — The lighthouse of 
 the world. 
 
 By Mr. Raymond. — The working men of the city of New- 
 York. 
 
 By Mr. Frazee. — The working men of Brooklyn. — With 
 their aid, we cannot doubt of success. 
 
 By George H. Evans. — The working men of Paris — The 
 job commenced by them, on the 27th July, has so far been 
 executed in a workmanhke manner ; may ihe finishing stroke 
 be applied with equal skill. 
 
 By 3aml. Robinson. — The original working men — May 
 they not oblique to the right or left. 
 
 By John B. White.-- -Prayer — ^Like a bolus^ very good on 
 certain occasions; both, however, rather unsuitable at a tea 
 party. 
 
 By John Ditchett. — Free Inquiry — The only sure guide to 
 truth : opposed by imposture, hypocrisy, and ignorance alone. 
 May it rapidly spread its genial rays, with benign influence, 
 over the benighted mental faculties of man throughout a priest- 
 craft and kingcraft ridden world. 
 
 By S. Back, of Brooklyn. — The working men of New York 
 and Kings — Although defeated in 1830, may they again enter 
 the field for 1831. 
 
 By W. H. Ball. — -The provision made by the French go- 
 vernment for the maintenance and education of the orphans, 
 whose parents fell in the recent glorious struggle for liberty — 
 An act worthy of the magnanimous people of France. May 
 it be imitated by all civilized nations. 
 
 By Simon Clannon. — The memory of the 48 Painters who 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 117 
 
 fell in July last, in giving freedom to France. The Painters of 
 New York have shown by their patriotic conduct on this, and 
 on former occasions, that they duly appreciate the blessings 
 of liberty, and that on its altar they are, at any time, ready to 
 ofier their lives a willing sacrifice. 
 
 By Mr. Walker.— The "faithful and fearless" Daily Senti- 
 nel — May public opinion support it, so that instead of shrink- 
 ing to a pigmy, it may, under the revivifying influence of in- 
 creased patronage, be expanded to a mammoth. 
 
 By Paul Grout. — The man whose heaven-born heart caused 
 the national banner of France to be adorned with the sacred 
 motto of " Liberty, Equality, Public Order," and who said, 
 *' To it will I be ever faithful." Who shall doubt his sin- 
 cerity 1 None but the recreant. 
 
 By Robert Walker. — The memory of Franklin and Sher- 
 man—Mechanics who understood the rights of man, and who 
 ably assisted to assert, and successfully establish them. 
 
 By Paul Grout. — The Polytechnic Youths of Paris — Who, 
 like our beloved JL.afayette, were first at the post of danger oa 
 the memorable three days of July ; and who were the first 
 gratuitously to step forward and open the book of scientific 
 instruction to the industrious poor of Paris. With hearts of 
 gratitude should every patriot Frenchman shower down bless- 
 ings on their heads. 
 
 By Thomas Cooper. — The Rights of Man — To which, 
 while France is advancing, let not the United States halt. 
 
 By Robert Walker. — The memory of the brave who fell in 
 Paris — May their blood electrify the old world, as that shed at 
 Lexington did the ne^o. 
 
 By Wm. Leavens. — Lafayette, Jefferson, and Franklin. — - 
 The political trinity of our salvation. 
 
 By the delegation from the Ninth Ward. — The 25th of No- 
 vember, and the last of July — The first saw tyranny shrink 
 from our borders ; the latter witnessed its funeral pile in the 
 streets of Paris. 
 
 By R. Walker. — Albert Gallatin — Who left his native coun- 
 try to enjoy liberty in this. His speech at the recent Lite- 
 rary Convention, evinces him the ardent advocate of universal 
 scientific education, as a necessary qualification to constitute 
 freemen. 
 
 By one of the Delegates of the Ninth Ward. — The day we 
 celebrate — May we have many more such, until every crowned 
 head is no more. 
 
 By Wm. Froment. — The working women of Paris — Who, 
 
118 • CELEBRATION OP THE 
 
 by their example, encouraged their husbands, sons, and bro- 
 thers, to deeds of patriotic valour. May the poet mention 
 them in song— may the historian transmit to posterity a faith- 
 ful account of their actions. 
 
 By Robert Walker. — True Democrats of every name, who 
 advocate measures in preference to men — May they all unite 
 in propagating and establishing the principles of Thomas Jef- 
 ferson. 
 
 By Charles Crocker. — The modern Balaam, Talleyrand — 
 Novr that honest Philip has transported him to his brother 
 William, he will not know on what mountain to prophesy. 
 
 By Henry Walton. — The Working Men — May their hands 
 never be idle, nor their heads dull, while they have rights to 
 be secured. 
 
 By John Deen. — Gen. Lafayette — Great in the field, wise 
 in council. 
 
 By a Working Man. — The right of Nomination — A right 
 too precious to be delegated. 
 
 By Paul Grout. — Lafayette — The broth^* in arms of our 
 patriot fathers ; the great Washington of France, and paragon 
 of American freemen, America anxiously awaits the time 
 when the Council Chambers of France shall be filled with such 
 men as Lafayette. Frenchmen ! verify this our wish, and 
 your liberties are safe. 
 
 By Simon Clannon. —Thomas Herttell — The powerful ad- 
 vocate for the abolishment of imprisonment for debt, and of 
 all the measures of the working men. 
 
 By Thomas G. Spear. — Bolivar — Once more reinstated in 
 the affections of his countrymen. May he wear his laurels 
 untarnished, and come forth redeemed as a true patriot, and 
 the saviour of his country. 
 
 By James R. Paige. — The Simon Pures~May they not be 
 frightened by the cries of Fanny Wrightism, Agrarianism, or 
 any other zVm, but stick to true republicanism. 
 
 The volunter toasts were interspersed with a number of ap- 
 propriate songs, odes, and recitations, several of which were 
 original. We are furnished with the following? 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 119 
 
 SONG. 
 
 THE TRI-COLOURED BANNER IS WAVING AGAIN. 
 
 AIR — Ken m ore's on an' aw a'. 
 
 Written for the Celebration of the French Revolution^ by John 
 
 Graham, 
 Behold ! where the tyrant was forging new chains, 
 
 And wrenching new pleasures from slavery's plains, 
 No\v freedom commands her glorious bands, 
 And the tri-coloured banner is waving again : 
 
 CHORUS. 
 
 O ! see the banner of liberty fly, 
 
 O 1 see the banner of liberty fly ; 
 
 Now sunk in disdain is oppression's proud reign, 
 
 And the tri-coloured baniier is waving again. 
 
 The tyrant still thought at his mandate would stream 
 The blood of the slave, where the dastard might swim 
 
 In his crime-cover'd shrine, since the right was divine ; 
 But see, the proud thought was a maniac's dream. 
 
 lie thought that fair liberty's light in the west, 
 Was a phantom of fools in a meteor drest ; 
 
 But all his proud might could not dim the pure light, 
 For its glory had shone in a Washington's breast. 
 
 That light, said the tyrant, by bayonets met, 
 Though liberty's day, on her points it will set ; 
 
 No ! spurning the night, in its pure native light. 
 Behold ! how it beams o'er the brave La Fayette. 
 
 And vainly shall might the effulgence control, 
 'Twill blaze o'er the world, from pole unto pole ; 
 
 For brightly from heaven to man it was given, 
 To show him that freedom 's the right of the soul 
 
 Oppression, with gold and gay purple from yore. 
 Long aped at the god, and made slaves to adore ; 
 
 Now garments may flow, and bright gold gild the brow, 
 But, idols of falsehood, their worship is o'er. 
 
120 CELEBKATION OF THE 
 
 DINNER OF THE LITERARY ASSOCIATION OF THE 
 FRIENDS OF IRELAND. 
 
 The Literary Association of the Friends of Ireland dined at 
 Tammany Hall on Thursday last. About seventy persons were 
 present. Dr. Macneven officiating as President, and Messrs. 
 W. Sampson, D. McCarthy, and E. Wheaton, as Vice-Pre- 
 sidents. Dr. Macneven, on proposing the first regul'ar toast, 
 delivered the following speech. 
 
 Gentlemen, — The great event which we celebrate this day 
 with so much joy, while it has a natural and especial claim on 
 the feelings of Americans, is also of a nature to interest all 
 mankind. Here it can never be forgotten by a happy people 
 in the plenitude of freedom and all its attendant power and 
 prosperity, that the gallant soldiers of France, in concert with 
 our fathers, fought and bled, side by side, to vindicate the rights 
 of man, and the independence of these United States, and to 
 lay the foundation of our well poised system of liberty, the fairest 
 and most felicitous the world ever saw. It does not, and should 
 not, diminish our gratitude to the great nation of France that the 
 succours forwarded from thence to assist the war of our inde- 
 pendence to a happy issue, were sent by an enlightened minister 
 and a beneficent monarch through motives of state policy. 
 We should remember that in those days the people of France 
 had no voice in the public councils, and could not directly par- 
 ticipate in the acts of its government ; but that it applauded 
 universally and enthusiastically all that was done in behalf of 
 America. The devoted, the magnanimous Lafayette was the 
 true interpreter and the living type of the sentiments of all 
 France on that occasion. With our habitual and affectionate 
 recollection of those events, how great must be our exultation 
 at seeing her redeemed once more from despotism and misrule ; 
 at seeing her throw off* the vile encumbrance of those bad men 
 whose presence alone at the Tuileries was a mark of her sub- 
 jugation and dishonour. Men desecrated by the very fact that 
 they were forced upon her by foreign bayonets, and whose im- 
 posed dominion was equally incompatible with her dignity and 
 her rights. The hostilities of the Court were long threatened, 
 long foreseen ; and here the glory of the Parisians shines conspi- 
 cuous, that having been placed by circumstances in the van of 
 danger, they espoused their part with cool and intrepid deter- 
 mination. The first attempt on the hberty of the Press and on 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 121 
 
 the paramount sovereignty of the people, in the person of its 
 representatives, was the point of resistance or of slavery. They 
 <3id not hesitate. — From the highest to the lowest, from Lafayette 
 to the labourer who toiled along the quays, every man took his 
 station in the fight. No one, whether young or old, would 
 wait till he felt the grinding tread of tyranny on his neck, when 
 even the worm will turn, but all, high minded and resolute, took 
 their stand upon a principle, and, in the alternative before them, 
 embraced the nobler choice of liberty or death. This magna- 
 nimous daring, no less heroic than wise, finds its counterpart 
 in what I always thought the finest trait in the history of this 
 Union, showing the highest intelligence with the greatest for- 
 titude. When our Revolution began, the aggressions of Eng- 
 land on the rights of the colonies were almost theoretical ; she 
 had not inflicted on them those acts of practical severity which 
 are habitual to her nearer home, but she opened upon them a 
 fertile source of robbery and oppression, — and they saw it ; see- 
 ing, they were informed enough to discern the whole scheme 
 of evil, present and future ; and understanding the nefarious 
 plan, they had the generous courage to resist it in their own 
 persons. Than this first act of the American nation there is 
 none more admirable. It has done nothing to surpass the 
 throwing of the tea overboard at Boston. That was a defiance 
 to arbitrary power at the threshold. The high-minded men 
 who counselled and who executed this declaration of war saw all 
 the consequences and courted all the cost ; nor did they shrink 
 in their generation from a conflict that would come inevitable 
 after long-suflfering. Their spirit and their intelligence were 
 equal : they displayed the one at the Long wharf, and the other 
 at Lexington. So the people of Papis, with one fixed accord, 
 beheld the coming conflict. Without debate or public meeting.^ 
 so universal was the same feeling, the same resolution, the same 
 courage, that the signal of attack which served the enemy 
 served them. It is not their obstinate, untiring valour in a 
 battle of three days that excites surprise — from Frenchmen 
 w^e could expect no less ; but it is th^ir use of victory that is 
 wonderful, and this flowing from a cause of deepest concern- 
 ment to the happiness of mankind.— They made the wisest use 
 of power, and showed that if knowledge had not reached the 
 pinnacles of society, it pervaded all the mass below. Forty 
 years since they first emancipated themselves, but they misused 
 the great opportunity. From that time bitter experience, every 
 sort of vicissitude, humiliation, and tyrannical government have 
 come upon them with their wholesome instructions, and we 
 
 11 
 
122 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 now see, that if they learned their rights they also learned 
 their duties ; and that if knowledge be wisdom, in hke manner 
 it is virtue. The principles of the first revolution, purified by 
 long-suffering, have sprung up in the vigour of their former 
 youth and in the sobriety of accumulated knowledge. Most 
 fortunately, this has occurred in a nation enlightened and 
 powerful, and best fitted by its past fortunes to guide in the pe- 
 rilous transition from servitude to freedom throughout Europe. 
 With its concihating manners, its universal language, its en- 
 couraging protection, its science, and its moral empire, it is 
 able to diffuse the blessings of the revolution far and wide, and 
 forbid the hostile interruption of the league of kings. It has 
 dethroned arbitrary power — it has dissipated the insane preju- 
 dice that monarchs reign of right divine. The free and the 
 enslaved turn their eyes towards France with exultation and 
 hope. We glory that she has caught the sacred flame of liberty 
 from the allar of those States where liberty has ever had her 
 worship. The despoiled of their rights in climes less favoured 
 already feel their bonds slacken ; the insolence of power no 
 longer riots in security ; the conspiracy of thrones is dissolved, 
 and the uplifted sword is stayed through fear of retributive jus- 
 tice. We willdrink — 
 
 La Belle France — beautiful France — regenerated and re- 
 deemed. Humanity approves and freedom rejoices in your 
 triumph. 
 
 2. The heroic youth and brave populace of Paris — In every 
 street you reared a trophy, and the stones rose up in judgment 
 against your oppressors. 
 
 3. The Rights of Man — Universal, inalienable, impre- 
 scriptible. 
 
 4. The Soldier's new road to Glory — Loyalty to his country. 
 Vive La Lignei 
 
 5. Printing — An art prohibited by the Turks. 
 
 6. Andrew Jackson, President of the United States — Ter- 
 rible to the foe, obedient to the law, and worthy of trust ; he- 
 will ask for nothing more than justice, and accept of nothing 
 less. 
 
 7. Louis Philippe, the Republican King of the French — We 
 hail the People's King ; not the King '* my people." 
 
 8. Ex-President Monroe — Consistent and virtuous throughout 
 his long and arduous life. 
 
 9. The Belgians — Wisdom to their councils, strength to 
 their arms, prosperity to their cause. 
 
REVOLUTION IN PRANCE, 1830. 123 
 
 10. The Tri-colour of both Revolutions — Emblem of per- 
 sonal safety, security of property, liberty of conscience. 
 
 11. Daniel O^Connell — May he crown his patriotic ser- 
 vices by dissolving the united bonds of perfidy, cruelty, and 
 corruption. 
 
 12. Lafayette, the Republican Sage, who dropped the name 
 to secure the reality. 
 
 13. Reform by the ballot box — The preventive of revolution 
 by the sword. 
 
 14. The American Fair. 
 
 On the health of Lafayette being toasted, Mr. Sampson 
 was called upon by the Chair, and spoke as follows : — 
 
 I rise, Mr. President, in obedience to your call, fully sen- 
 sible the honour intended me, and yet, were I an ambitious 
 orator, aiming to catch applause, I should not have made 
 choice of a topic upon which every power of eloquence has 
 been exhausted. 
 
 To s[)eak of Lafayette is to praise him •, and what is that 
 but as if one should go about '"• to gild refined gold, to paint 
 the rose, or to add a perfume to the violet." 
 
 Still, as the mightiest floods are but the aggregate of small 
 and tributary streams, we must not withhold our contribution to 
 the general cheer of all the friends of virtue and of freedom 
 towards him on whom all eyes are now intent, who forms a 
 great connecting link between nations and people, various and 
 remote. Whose wisdom and integrity is as a guarantee of liberty, 
 and of social order, without which liberty cannot long subsist. 
 It is because his principles have been true and unchangeable 
 that we find him now, at the end of forty years and more of 
 stormy revolution, again at the same post of command and con- 
 fidence as when the French people demolished the Bastile, and 
 rose up in mass against the feijdal institutions, the usurped pri- 
 vileges, and oppressive abuses which policy, and reason, and 
 philosophy had long denounced as grievous and iniquitous, in- 
 asmuch as they gave to the drones the honey of the hive. And 
 though the words that are here spoken may be trivial and insig- 
 nificant, yet under propitious circumstances they may not prove 
 altogether w^orthless. For words are as winged seeds, light 
 and impalpable ; they mount the air, and ride upon the winds, 
 bearing along with them their quickening powers, and when 
 they settle on some friendly and congenial soil may fructify again 
 a thousand fold. We must all then do our best to make it 
 felt by him whose name we honour, and by all whom it con- 
 cerns to know it, that wherever humanity is cherished, or 
 
124 CELEBRATION OF Tlim 
 
 liberty is prized, there vows are made and wishes breathed for 
 his success and happiness, whose life has been devoted to the* 
 welfare of his species. And what to ourselves more profitable 
 in this festive hour, when our hearts are most warm and sus- 
 ceptible, than to impress upon them the image and example of 
 such worth. The example of a good man's life is a light 
 that shines in upon the soul, and charms to virtue. Its rebuke® 
 are gentle, its admonitions never out of season ; it acts upon 
 the moral being like to the noiseless, viewless process by which 
 kind nature works her most beneficent ends. 
 
 But how to speak worthily of one whose every step throughout 
 a long and trying career has been marked by some peculiar 
 grace or excellence. The painter, the sculptor, or the poet, 
 whose muse may hereafter be the ornament and admiration of 
 his country, may select abundant passages to suit the inspiration 
 of his genius, or treat with epic dignity the one great continued 
 labour of his hero for the deliverance of humanity from the 
 triple-headed monster, despotism, bigotry, and corruption. 
 What scenes, what animating subjects. Figure first of all the 
 bright and sparkling youth, idol of the gay and fair, favourite 
 of a brilliant and luxurious court, enjoying wealth and rank and 
 station, united in wedded love to a woman young and fair and 
 chaste and amiable, escaping from the entreaties of friends, and 
 stealing from the embraces of that wife, that he might return 
 again more worthy of them. And why ? Because a generous 
 instinct made him feel that there were worthier honours than those 
 that lay in fortune's gift, and that he had other destinies to 
 accomplish than to waste his manhood in the effeminating plea- 
 sures of a court. And what was this field that fixed his young 
 ambition^ — an infant nation struggling against power and ter- 
 ror, and almost against hope, for its dear and new-born liberty* 
 What a subject for delineation when he presents himself to 
 Franklin and his colleagues to be recommended to Congress^ 
 for liberty to serve their drooping cause ; and when that sage, 
 and sagacious statesman read his heart and sounded his intel- 
 ligence, and discovered with admiration and delight that his 
 was not the giddy project of buoyant youth, but the result of 
 deep reflection and deep-rooted principle. Again, when with 
 a ship and military stores, purchased with his own private 
 means, he landed in the new world, and stood reverently and 
 modestly before that Congress over whom the name of rebels 
 and the threatened pains of treason still impended, and prayed 
 for no greater favour than to serve as a private volunteer^ 
 
REVOLTTTION IN FRANCE, 183G. 1?5 
 
 and to receive no pay — this too is a subject worthy to be 
 treated of. 
 
 More characteristic still was the reply that laid tlie founda- 
 tion of that affection which the great patriot chief and father 
 of his country ever after bore to him, when urged to take the 
 high rank which Congress had conferred upon him — " Let me 
 first learn to obey before I venture to command." From that 
 time forth he became the adoptive son of Washington ; and 
 never did the mutual ties of filial and parental love attach two 
 purer and two nobler spirits. But I feel how exhaustless the 
 subject would be if I should attempt to follow its details, how 
 it would lengthen out discourse to tediousness. How faithfully 
 he served, how freely he shed his blood and bestowed his trea- 
 sure, a grateful country has acknowledged in a manner most 
 worthy of itself. 
 
 We have witnessed and happily partaken in the triumph 
 of that memorable year which was marked by his progress 
 through our states and territories, of which no history affords 
 a parallel. We may indeed read of the superb and splendid 
 triumphs decreed in the temple of Bellona, in the very magni- 
 ficence of which we learn the only moral worth our knowing, 
 — to how low a pitch of degradation man's nature sinks where 
 virtue is fled and liberty surrendered. When we see cor- 
 rupted senators conferring impious honours on a u'surper's 
 head, whom, had they dared, they would have doomed to igno- 
 miny ; matrons of consular dignity rejoicing in the cruel spec- 
 tacles of gladiators purchased to slay each other, or be torn by 
 wild beasts, or of noble captives, whose crime was to have 
 fought for their country, with their wives and children dragging 
 their chains after the conqueror's car, amid shouts and songs 
 of mockery, till the vile and venal populace were satiated 
 with their tears of anguish, and then led back to merciless 
 execution. 
 
 Turn from this to the triumph decreed by the voice of a free 
 people to their early and beloved benefactor : where every 
 word, and thought, and act bespoke the noblest and the 
 kindest feelings that can animate the heart of man, and all 
 the virtues that can adorn his nature, shed their happiest influ- 
 ence. Old men shed tears of ecstasy, to see again the com- 
 panion of their youthful arms and toils, and of the well-fought 
 field : the young looked on with reverence, and beauty lighted 
 up by delighted emotion, beamed more lovely ; and the entire 
 population of great cities, poured out spontaneously, gave proof 
 that the most refined and delicate observances of taste and 
 
 11* 
 
116 CELEBRATION OP THE 
 
 courtesy, are consistent and compatible with the most per^ 
 feet freedom ; and that in the school of equality, men learn to 
 respect the laws which they themselves ordain. Would that 
 Lafayette had never witnessed less joyous scenes : but in his 
 own France that seat of knowledge, intelligence, and social 
 polish, he was doomed to suffer much calamity. There inve- 
 terate abuses, conflicting orders, and jarring interests had en- 
 gendered passions and jealousies that bid defiance to the 
 voice of wisdom and moderation, and foreign interference, 
 which freemen ought not, and Frenchmen will not, brook, 
 added to the terrible and volcanic explosion. Had the voice 
 and counsel of Lafayette been then listened to, such heavy 
 afflictions would not have lighted on the royal house, nor 
 would that fair land have been the scene of such prolonged 
 and cruel horrors. He who was too good to imbrue his hands 
 in crime, and too faithful to join with the enemies of his 
 country, suffered what virtue must expect in such an exigence. 
 He was at the same time denounced by a Jacobin ai'istocracy^ 
 and made the victim of the brutal vengeance of despots, by 
 whom the friend of Washington, and the soldier of free Ame- 
 rica, was never to be forgiven. After every principle of hu- 
 man justice or international law was violated towards him, 
 dragged from prison to prison, handed over from despot to 
 despot, loaded with chains and exposed to every insult, five years 
 of his precious existence spent in dismal and solitary dungeons 
 —but I will not touch on that wound which he suffered through 
 the tenderest point of human sensibility. It is too sad. Let 
 the minions of despotism then cease their pharisaical cant, 
 on the crimes and disorders incident to revolutions, which 
 are but the natural offspring of corruption and abuses. As 
 it was in France, so it will be every where : for, when the 
 measure is full it will run over, and when ^^the fathers 
 have eaten sour grapes, the children's teeth will be set on 
 edge." 
 
 But, sir, I must check my tongue, lest in the greatness of 
 my subject I should forget the limits of discretion. A few 
 words more, and I have done. 
 
 From the evils that grow out of long misrule, from the hard 
 sufferings that await the devoted patriot, from the cruelty of 
 despotic power, from the horrors of provoked rebellion, from 
 the snares which crafty policy lays for the feet of freedom's 
 honest champions, from dissensions artfully fomented to divide 
 brother from brother, and which lend the very heart-strings of 
 the best and bravest, the transition is too natural to that unhappy 
 
RlVOIiUTIOH IH FRANCE, 1830. 127 
 
 country which gave birth to most of us, and in whose fate all 
 pr^esent deeply sympathize, and which has been like France for 
 more than forty years in a state of revolution, whereof the issue 
 yet rests in the womb of time. Brave men have fallen, and brave 
 men have filled the ranks. May their hearts be as true, and 
 their fortunes better. If from human frailty any errors have 
 been committed by those who have gone before, let them wisely 
 profit by them, while they generously honour their virtues and 
 imitate their devotion ; and if victory should crown their 
 efforts, as they enter the breach let them tread lightly on the 
 necks of those who fell on the first onset. So shall they add 
 strength to their strength and glory to their glory, by marshalling 
 together the virtues of the living and the dead; the voice of 
 the martyred hero then shall rise from out the tomb, and his 
 spirit be with them in the battle hour, if battle there must be. 
 Thus shall they destroy the tares which the enemy has sown, 
 and gather the wheat into the barn. So shall they draw closer 
 and closer the bond of union, the -only rallying word of vic- 
 tory ; thus only shall true and happy union be cemented, and 
 that (so called) union be dissolved which like an ill-assorted, 
 ill-omened match of force was achieved through the instrument- 
 ality of perverted religion, of inflamed bigotry, of whips and 
 tortures, and conflagrations, bribes, and blood knee-deep. 
 Enough of this. We have poured out our first grateful liba- 
 tions to the shades of those to whom we owe the happy and 
 peaceful security, under the shade whereof we are assembled, 
 and free to interchange our sentiments of brotherly affection ; 
 and to speak without molestation the sacred words of truth. 
 We have offered our homage to the most perfect of all living 
 heroes. • We have pledged with fervour the health of one in 
 whom the great mass of his countrymen have placed their un- 
 bounded confidence, and whose great energies we cannot but 
 admire. Let us now remember him who first inculcated the 
 saving principle of union among Irishmen of every religious 
 persuasion, w^ith all the force of atranscendant intellect, and died 
 the faithful champion of the cause. 1 conclude, sir, by pro- 
 posing 
 
 r The memory of Theobald Wolfe Tone — than whom no man 
 better understood the interests of his country, or pursued them 
 more devotedly. 
 
 This toast was drank standing, and in silence. 
 
 By M. O'Shannessy, Esq. the Royal Function Charles X. 
 — in which X is equal to zero. 
 
128 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 PRINTERS' REPAST AT SHAKSPEARE HOUSE. 
 
 In the evening the Printers partook of a social repast at 
 the Shakspeare House, prepared at very short notice by Mr. 
 Stoneall, in his usual style of profusion and elegance. The 
 Grand Marshal of the day, Mr. Lang, presided, assisted by 
 George F. Hopkins, Esq. as Vice-President. The President 
 was supported on his right and left by gentlemen of the Albany 
 Delegation, the Committee of Arrangements, Poet-Laureate, 
 &c. After doing full justice to the more savoury and solid 
 department of the banquet, " the sparkling glasses" were put 
 in motion, and the following sentiments elicited from the com- 
 pany and their guests. 
 
 By Mr. Webster, Chairman of the Delegates from Albany. 
 The press — its liberty the pride of our citizens and the palla- 
 dium of our rights — may it speedily be equally the pride and 
 boast of every civilized country. 
 
 After Mr. Webster retired, his health was drunk. 
 
 By G. F. Hopkins, Vice-President. May those nations 
 who adopt revolutionary moveiftents follow the example of 
 France, and stop at the point of temperate liberty. 
 
 By Mr. Walker. Benjamin Franklin's motto — "Where 
 liberty dwells, there is my country." 
 
 By Mr. A. Chandler. The Press — free as air, but not licen- 
 tious. W^hen it becomes so, its atmosphere will be dangerous 
 to human happiness : but, virtuous, it casts a halo round all 
 the enjoyments of life, flourishing, and destined to flourish, 
 long after kings and tyrants shall have been forgotten. 
 
 By Mr. Lang, the President. Worn out ty^es, that have 
 never been used for licentious purposes. 
 
 By a Member. The Printers of Albany, and their honour- 
 able Delegation. 
 
 By Mr. John Hancock, Editor Rockland Gazette, Tappan, 
 N. Y. Our Fathers — who are now reposing their wearied 
 limbs in the shades of solitude and peace, by whose toil and 
 blood we now enjoy the rights and privileges of Freedom 
 and Independence — may their spirit of patriotism never depart 
 from the hearts of their children. 
 
 <' Would ye sacrifice Liberty ? No ! 
 Our blood hath come down from the line of the brave, 
 Let us die like the Free, and not live lil^e the slave. 
 
 By Judge Buel. The Press — the lever of Faust, which is 
 moving the political world. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 129 
 
 By Mr. Flagg, Secretary of State. The Typographical So- 
 ciety of New- York. 
 
 By Mr. Croswell. Our Art — the pioneer of revolutions, for 
 the elevation of the moral and political condition of the people. 
 
 By S. Southwick, Jun. Washington, Lafayette, and Jack- 
 son — the tri-coloured flags of former days — may our future im- 
 pressions never want for the same colours. 
 
 By a Guest. The three States of the Union, whose Go- 
 vernors, during the seven years' war of the Revolution, stood 
 shoulder to shoulder with General Washington — New-York, 
 Connecticut, and New-Jersey ; Clinton, Trumbull, and Livings- 
 ton, their revered names. 
 
 By Mr. Hoffman, from Albany. The French Revolution-— 
 a new edition of an old primer, lately revised Sind corrected^ in 
 which the people are made to understand the difference be- 
 tween a King of the People, and a People's King. 
 
 By the Hon. Isaac Hill. The progress of liberal principles 
 — the speedy abolishment of incarceration for debt, followed 
 by the abrogation of punishment of death, will afford ample 
 demonstration that individual honour is the best sponsor for 
 property, and that crime is more effectually restrained by the 
 certainty than by the severity of punishment. 
 
 By Mr. Flanagan. General Lafayette, the Father of the 
 I'rench Revolution of 1 830 — freemen honour him — types speak 
 gloriously of him — tyrants hate him. 
 
 By Mr. Trumbull, of Albany. Lafayette. May he never 
 have fewer hearts to respond to his sentiments than there were 
 patriotic ones in the procession to-day. 
 
 By Mr. Hinkley, of Albany. The State of New- York. 
 May her favourite Son be set up in the next Presidential Chair. 
 
 By Mr. Ford, of Albany. Col. Richard M. Johnson. A 
 good Printer, and an enemy of Priestcraft. 
 
 By Mr. S. Woodworth. The Civic Procession of Nov. 26, 
 1830. — Forty thousand Freemen rejoicing at the downfall of 
 tyranny — its moral influence will be felt f6r ages. Let the 
 Despots of Europe take the hint^ 
 
 By Mr. Hutton. Lafayette, the son of Washington — the 
 second in America, and the first in France. 
 
 By Mr. Grattan. Our Typographical Brethren of Paris, 
 who dropped their shooting-sticks for muskets, their bodkins for 
 bayonets, their mallets for battering-rams, and their presses 
 for pressing of a different nature. 
 
 By Mr. Marshall. Lafayette and Clinton — names never 
 to be forgotten, 
 
130 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 By Mr. Southwick. The Printers of New- York — May they 
 never want for matter to fill the cases of our Delegation. 
 
 By Mr. Van Norden. The friends of Liberty in every land 
 —Let them "calculate the value of UNION." 
 
 By Mr. William Cully. The Press— When shackled and 
 subverted, the tyrant's minion, the demagogue's pander, and 
 the people's curse — when untrammelled and free, the recent 
 mighty Revolution in France has emphatically demonstrated 
 '* The tyrant's foe and the people's friend." 
 
 By Mr. Rice. The March of Reform throughout the World 
 —may it march over the bodies of those who will not march 
 with it. 
 
 By Mr. Childs. Liberty of Opinion, the basis of every free 
 governnoent. 
 
 By Mr. Watson. The Press — By its expression^ has made 
 an impression which we all know is the cause of depression to 
 despots. 
 
 By Mr. M^Kee. The Press — ^May its eternal purpose be 
 the dissemination of virtuous aijd honourable principles, and all 
 who labour in its vocation, take data from their handiwork. 
 
 By Mr. VVendell. Pointers — May they always forget the 
 old motto, " Chanty begins at home," when they see a brother 
 in distress. 
 
 By Mr. Flanagan. Gen. Marion, a second Washington — 
 the same in a mud cabin as he would have been in a palace — 
 one of America's precious heroes — May his memory never be 
 forgotten. 
 
 By Mr. Frazee. Freedom and Equal Rights, the founda- 
 tion of national happiness and prosperity — May France, like 
 America, enjoy them under a Republican Government. 
 
 By Mr. Mercein. May the stain of tyranny be obliterated 
 by the indelible impressions of the Press. 
 
 By Mr. Ramsay. The Proprietors of the Daily Press — 
 Liberal in their expenditures, may they be liberally supported 
 by an enlightened and equally liberal public. 
 
 The utmost harmony and hilarity prevailed during the en- 
 tertainment, and the company separated at a seasonable hour, 
 pleased with themselves and each other — grateful to their pro- 
 fessional brethren in Albany—delighted with their guests, and 
 daly impressed with the taste, skill, and accommodating spirit 
 of their provider, Mr. Stoneall. 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 131 
 
 PLACES OF PUBLIC AMUSEMENT. 
 
 The Park and Bowery Theatres were brilliantly illuminated, 
 and the representations were of a character corresponding 
 I with the joyful occasion. 
 
 PARK THEATRE. 
 
 A " petite" Drama, w; ■ 'ten by J. B. Phillips, Esq., entitled 
 *' Three Days in Paris, or the Triumph of Liberty ^^^ was pre- 
 sented. The title was sufficient, exclusive of the merit that 
 attached to the piece, to secure for it a hearty reception. 
 The national Ode — '' Hymn to Liberty ^^^ written by Samuel 
 Woodworth, Esq., and sung at Washington Square, as forming 
 a part of the celebration of the day, was repeated by the entire 
 operatique strength of the Company, with great effect. The 
 patriotic sentiments so happily interwoven by this pleasing 
 poet, together with the music, being adapted to the Marseillois 
 Hymn, won for the Ode the most unbounded applause. 
 
 The following was sung by Mr. Richings in the Drama of 
 ^' Three Days in Paris," — Air — ^^Le petit Tambour^ 
 
 Sound, sound the martial strain, 
 Hail the joyous day again. 
 
 When the Sons of I^rance 
 
 Made bold advance. 
 And broke the despot's chain ; 
 When their heroes of noble name, 
 Their freedom did proclaim, 
 
 And to the world 
 
 The flag unfurled. 
 Of glpry and of fame ; 
 Our watch- word ever be. 
 All hail to the great and free, 
 
 Oh long may wave 
 
 The flag of the brave, 
 The banner of liberty. 
 
 The interior of the Theatre abounded with appropriate ban- 
 ners and transparencies, evincive both of the taste and of the 
 unceasing efforts of the indefatigable manager, E. Simpson, 
 Esq., to please the public. On this night the " quid pro quo" 
 was amply afforded. Never had the Theatre been so crowded ; 
 
132 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 hundreds were sent away for want of rdom, and a part of the 
 audience intruded upon the boundary line of those whose voca- 
 tion it was to " speak the speech.' 
 
 BOWERY THEATRE; 
 
 This Theatre was brilliantly illuminated. The interior was 
 rendered peculiarly interesting by the display of a grand trans- 
 parency painted by that gifted aitist, Mr. Reinagle, in comme- 
 moration of the triumph of liberty in France. — The foreground 
 of the picture presented full length Wkenesses o{ Lafayette 
 and Louis Philippe the First, standing at the foot of the statue 
 of Washington- — Lafayette directing the attention of the king 
 to the inscription on the pedestal of the immortal patriot — the 
 father of his country — of the man, " first in war, first in peace, 
 and first in the hearts of his countrymen" — of him whose tran- 
 scendant virtues were worthy the imitation of the King of the 
 French, In the upper part of the picture were the geniuses 
 of Liberty and Immortality entwining the tri-colored flag with 
 the star-spangled banner, and holding two wreaths of laurel 
 over the dates of *< 1776*' and '' 1830"— the remainder of the 
 picture was occupied with a view of the harbour of New- York, 
 and the British fleet saihng out, in allusion to the 25th No- 
 vember, 1783. 
 
 The selections were judiciously made, and well adapted to 
 the feelings of the people ; embracing, in a great measure, 
 representations of the events that had called for the celebra- 
 tion of the day. 
 
 A translation of the grand national ode ^^ La Parisiene^^\ 
 by Casimir Delavigne, was sung by the corps operatique with 
 fine effect. 
 
 A melo-dramatic spectacle, written for the occasion, entitled 
 *' France Triumphant, or the Downfall of Tyranny" was pro- 
 duced, and received rounds of applause. 
 
 Mrs, Hamblin, in the character of the Goddess of Liberty^ 
 spoke, in a style pre-eminently happy, the following Ode to 
 " France^'' written by J. B. Phillips, Esq. 
 
 Hark ! 't was a battle shout, stern war's alarms 
 
 Rend the still air, the cry is on " to arms !" 
 
 'Tis heard, and 'tis obey'd ; the sons of France, 
 
 Prom vale and mount, with hearts resolved, advance, 
 
 To strike for freedom, and their native land. 
 
 And snatch the sceptre from a despot's hand, 
 
HEVOLtJTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 133 
 
 Bravely they battle for their charter'd rights, 
 
 And freedom's banner, raise again on high ; 
 
 While smiling vale and lofty mountain height 
 
 Ring loudly, with the soul-inspiring cry. 
 ^^ To arjns I to arms !" the signal word is given ; 
 High floats their banner, — smile upon them Heaven ! 
 Lo ! 't is an Eagle soars o'er yonder dome. 
 The bird of Freedom seeks her early home. 
 Now on the air a shout of triumph swells, 
 A tale of wonder, that proud Paean tells, 
 *'• Free ! we are free !" the words of joy are spoken, 
 The tyrant flies, the despot's chains are broken. 
 Land of the vine-clad hills and fertile vale ! 
 Thy songs of triumph rise upon th€ gale ; 
 The flag of freedom is again unfurl'd — 
 And hail'd with plaudits by th' admiring world. 
 
 Now o'er the sea 
 
 To the land of the free, 
 Thy triumphant shouts are brought, 
 
 And the tale is told 
 
 How thy children bold. 
 For the rights of their fathers fought. 
 And millions of freemen fair France arise, 
 And echo back thy rejoicing cries ; 
 And glad is the greeting, fair France, they send 
 To their ancient ally, and their early friend ; 
 Nation of gallant hearts 1 when tyrant power 
 Spread desolation through our native land,- 
 Thy hero came to aid us in that hour. 
 With noble heart and ever ready hand. 
 He fought and bled in our country's cause, 
 Gain'd our love, and won the vvorld's applause-^ 
 'T^was Lafayette, last of the gallant band 
 That crush'd oppression in this western world, 
 Who wrench'd the sceptre from his iron hand 
 And the bright flag of liberty unfurl'd ; 
 He led thy champions to the gallant fight 
 Which burst thy chains, proclaim'd the people's right ; 
 Who sees again, as in his life's young dream 
 The star of freedom on his country beam. 
 
 Long may the banner of both nations wave 
 In proud alliance over land and sea ; 
 
 And teach the world, the virtuous and brave 
 Alike are mighty, and alike are free. 
 12 
 
134 CELEBRATIOT^ OF THE 
 
 The manager of this Theatre, Tkomds Hamhlin^ Esq,, was 
 assiduous in his efforts to cater richly for his patrons ; their 
 applause was the evidence of his success, and he had afforded 
 another solid proof, — a house crowded to excess. Here also 
 were seen hundreds on the stage, not hitherto known sls^ ^knights 
 of the Sock and Buskin ;^^ they were however only recognised 
 by the Veterans of the Corps as Supernumeraries, and conse- 
 quently attracted but little attention. 
 
 The following patriotic Ode is from the inimitable pen of 
 Prosper M. Wetmore, Esq., and is well worthy its author : it 
 was written for the occasion of the celebration, and was in- 
 tended to have been read at one of the public dinners, by a 
 gentleman, who was unavoidably prevented joining the party. 
 
 ODE. 
 
 FOR THE CELEBRATION IN HONOUR OP THE FRENCH 
 REVOLUTION. 
 
 A voice on every wave, 
 
 A sound o'er every sea ! 
 The war-note of the brave. 
 The anthem of the free ! 
 From steep to steep it rings. 
 
 Through Europe's many climes — 
 " A knell to despot kings, 
 
 A sentence on their crimes ; 
 From every giant hill companion of the cloud, 
 The startled echo leaps to give it back aloud I 
 
 Where'er a wind is rushing — 
 
 Where'er a stream is gushing — 
 The swelling sounds are heard, 
 
 Of man to freeman calhng-*- 
 
 Of broken fetters falling — * 
 
 And, like the carol of an uncaged bird. 
 The bursting shout of Freedom's battle-word : 
 
 Spirit of Freedom 1 from thy home. 
 
 Beneath our western skies, 
 W^e gave thee forth the shackled earth to roam-— 
 That red oppression's heart might quail, 
 And shuddering tyranny grow pale, 
 
 Before the lightning of thine eyes ! 
 Thy course hath been a glorious one — 
 For nations now are basking in thy light, 
 That ere the trial-deed was done, , 
 
 Were grovellers in being's night ; 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1€30. 136 
 
 Upstarting from their sleep, 
 
 They grasp the dooming brand, 
 And, vengeance-nerved, the spoilers sweep 
 From off the trampled land ; 
 They give them not to death—contempt can punish more — 
 But frowningly and stern they wave them from the shore I 
 
 From the North's frozen regions, 
 
 Ice-fetter'd in gloom — 
 Where slavery's legions. 
 
 Are wailing their doom ; 
 From Italy's clime„ 
 
 The brightest of earth — 
 Where man lives in crime, 
 
 Polluted from birth ; 
 From Spain's death-like trance, 
 
 And from Portugal's blight. 
 We turn to thee, France ! 
 And we turn with delight, 
 Where the eyes of our fathers were turned — 
 To the land of the warm-hearted Gaul I 
 When dimly the flame on their altar-stones burned, 
 And their hopes were as dark as the pall ; 
 To the land of the noble in soul. 
 The mighty in spirit and name. 
 Where vengeance hath listened to reason's control, 
 And the doom of the tyrant was — shame 1 
 Oh ! deeper and darker that doom, than if blood 
 Had been poured o'er regenerate France like a flood ! 
 
 Joy to thee, France ! in thy pride. 
 
 The world shall rejoice at thy deed ; 
 Long may the hearts that the despot defied, 
 
 Ennoble the land they have freed 1 
 Away with the flag of the Bourbon — away ! 
 
 Oh ! never again let it wave, 
 Where glory hath marshall'd her chosen array — 
 
 To earth with the flag of the slave ! 
 Down, down with the banner of shame, 
 
 And trample its folds in the dust ; 
 Away with the race that have blighted its fame, 
 
 Where the fetters of tyranny rust : 
 Come from the gloom of thy cloud, 
 
 Come with thy splendour of yore, 
 Thou pennant of glory 1 each Gaul shall be proud. 
 
 As he welcomes his own tri- color / 
 
fSS CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 And thou ! the ruler of the storm, 
 Whose hand put back the wave, 
 When anarchy upreared his awful forni— 
 Whose voice went forth to save ; 
 Thou 1 whom we proudly call our own-— 
 Tl]e warrior of the free I 
 Among earth's mighty ones thou stand'st alone — 
 The delegate of liberty ! 
 Kingdoms nor crowns — the patriot warriors name ;; 
 
 Thy nobler recompense shall be — 
 No brighter record gilds the page of fame i 
 
 Spirit of Freedom t on — 
 
 Obt pause not in thy flighty 
 Till every chme is won 
 
 To worship in thy light ; 
 Speed on thy glorious way, 
 
 And wake the sleeping lands- 
 Millions are watching for thy ray^^^ 
 
 And lift to thee their hands ; 
 Still, onward ^ be thy cry — 
 
 Thy banner on the blast-— 
 And like a tempest as thou rushest by^^ 
 
 D8S[>ots shall shrink aghast 1 
 On 1 till thy name is known, 
 
 Throughout the peopled earth — ' 
 
 On ! till thou reign^st alone, 
 
 Man's heritage by birth ; 
 On ! till from every vale, and where the mountains rises. 
 The beacon light of liberty, shall kindle to the skies I 
 
 DINNER TO SAMUEL SWARTWOUT, Esq. 
 
 The citizens, aids to the Marshal- in- Chief, together with the 
 gentlemen, natives of France, who formed a part of his suite on 
 the day of the celebration, addressed the following letter ta 
 that gentleman, which is accompanied with the reply. 
 
 The sentiments of feeling and approbation which it expresses 
 towards 31r. Swartivoui, are such as prevail generally through- 
 out this great community. We also give below an account of 
 the dinner, taken from the Eyening Post of the 6th. Decenoit^c. 
 
REVOLtJTION m FRANCE, 1830. 137 
 
 To Samuel Swartwout, Esq. 
 
 Sir, — The undersigned, members of the suite attached to 
 your person, as Marshal-in-Chief, on the recent celebration of 
 the triumph of civil liberty in France, beg leave respectfully 
 to express their gratification at having been associated with 
 you in the discharge of a duty so perfectly in consonance with 
 their feehngs as individuals, and so creditable to the liberal 
 opinions which pervade the community in which they reside. 
 
 For any merit which may belong to the undersigned for the 
 successful termination of their pleasing duties, they are per- 
 fectly conscious that it has been won for them by the correctness 
 of judgment, decision, and energy which have been apparent 
 throughout the whole progress and completion of your arrange- 
 ments ; but they feel not the less flattered at having assisted to 
 carry those arrangements into execution. 
 
 As an evidence of their respect for your public character, 
 and in testimony of their individual esteem, the undersigned 
 respectfully request your presence at an entertainment to be 
 given at the City Hotel, on Saturday next, the 4th inst., at five 
 o'clock. With sentiments of the highest respect, we are, your 
 obedient servants. 
 
 Signed — -Daniel Jackson, Prosper M. Wetmore, William 
 Dumont, RobertXawrence, Silas E. Burrows, Edw. IVL Green- 
 way, Amos Palmer, George D. Strong, Charles McEvers, Jr., 
 John R. Livingston, Jr., Chas. A. Clinton, George Davis, H. 
 Chevrolat, J. F. N. Vouthier, H. G. Duvivier, M. Panon, A. 
 Le Moyne, C. Calemare, A. S. Perrot, Richard Pennell, M. 
 M. Quackenboss, Frederick Groshon, John L. Graham, John 
 T. Ferguson, M. M. Noah, L. Depeyre, B. De La Pierre, Da- 
 vid C. Colden, Joel Curtis, Henry Ogden, Gouvr. S. Bibb. 
 
 Nem-YorJc, 29tk Nov. 1830. 
 
 The following is the reply of Mr. Swartwout : — 
 
 NeW'YorJc^ 2d December, 1830, 
 
 Gentlemen, — I have received from your Chairman, Silas E. 
 Burrows, Esq., your very kind letter of the 29th ult., express- 
 ing your approval of the manner in which the arrangements 
 made for the celebration of the late Revolution in France had 
 been conducted on the 26th ultimo ; accompanied by an invi- 
 tation to partake of an entertainment to be given by you on 
 Saturday next^ at the City Hotel. 
 
 While I feel gratified at your partial notice of my conduct 
 on that occasion, I am persuaded, gentlemen, that to the intel- 
 
 12* 
 
i3B CSLEBRATION OF TWtMl 
 
 ligence, activity, promptitude, and courteous deportment' of 
 those who were associated with me as Aids, I owe entirely the 
 accurate and timely movements of the procession ; and I hope 
 I may be permitted to avail myself of this opportunity to statCj^ 
 that to the cordial support, and friendly and accommodating 
 spirit of the officers of the different societies, of the military^ 
 and of the splendid escort of French gentlemen, were we in- 
 del)ted for the beautiful and gratifying display made by our fel- 
 low-citizens on that proud day. 
 
 Permit me, gentlemen, in conclusion, to say, that I am sensi- 
 bly affected by this marked token of your personal regard, and 
 that I accept your friendly invitation with sentiments of pride 
 and pleasure. 
 
 Allow me to tender yon my thanks for the kind manner in 
 which you have been pleased to communicate your invitation -^^ 
 and believe me, gentlemen, most sincerely and respectfully, 
 your obedient servant, 
 
 SAMUEL SWARTWOUT. 
 
 Among the guests were many of the oldest and most respect- 
 able of our citizens, including the Orator, and Reader of the 
 Address to the French people, on the late celebration. Mr, 
 Monroe, late President of the United States, and Mr. Albert 
 Gallatin, were invited, but were prevented from attending, the 
 former by indisposition, the latter by a prior engagement. The 
 following is the reply received by the committee of invitation 
 from Mr. Monroe. 
 
 New-YorJc, Dec, 4, 1830. 
 
 Gentlemen,-—! regret tBat the infirm and weak state of my 
 health deprives me of the pleasure of accepting your invitation 
 to a dinner given to-day, by the suite of Mr. Swart wout, as 
 Marshal-in-Chief in the late celebration of the French Revolu- 
 tion, as a testimony of their regard for him, and of their appro- 
 bation of his conduct on that interesting occasion. 
 
 It was my intention to have called at the hour appointed, at 
 the City Hotel, to make my acknowledgment to you for your 
 kind invitation, and to meet the respectable party assembled 
 there ; and to express my high approbation of his conduct in 
 the management of the procession, and performance of all the 
 duties of the day ; but I find it impossible, without the most 
 serious exposure of my health. 
 
 J cannot withhold the expression of my grateful acknow- 
 
SEVOLtTTION IN PRANCE, 1830. 139 
 
 ledgment, for the many acts of kindness which I have received 
 from my fellow-citizens here, since my arrival among them. 
 With great respect, I am your very ob't servant, 
 
 JAMES MONROE. 
 To Charles A. Clinton, Prosper M. Wetmore, Amos Palmer, 
 Charles McEvers, junr., E. M. Greenway, Esquires. 
 
 Upon the removal of the cloth, the following regular toasts 
 were given : 
 
 1. Our Country, Sovereign and independent, uniting 
 liberty and law, energy and moderation, justice and gene- 
 rosity. — May we ever be enabled to appreciate and enjoy the 
 blessings we possess. 3 cheers. 
 
 2. General Andrew Jackson, President of the United 
 States. 9 cheers. 
 
 In introducing the next toast, the following remarks were 
 made by the President. 
 
 I rise, gentlemen, to announce a toast, that I presume yoo 
 all anticipate, and which will be received with all the warmth 
 of friendly feeling. When the name of a distinguished indi- 
 vidual is introduced, and that individual a guest of this com- 
 pany, 1 am justified in believing it will be received with no 
 ordinary applause ; bui, gentlemen, when with that name the 
 honourable person is introduced with whom our daily business 
 brings us in connexion, and from whom we receive every aid 
 and attention, to divest business of its natural perplexities ; 
 who, instead of adding to our labours by inattention or dis- 
 regard, is assiduous to know, to learn, and to remove all the 
 difficulties that his legal powers can counteract ; I cannot be 
 mistaken in anticipating a prodigal effusion of the heart. I 
 therefore give you, gentlemen, 
 
 3. Our GtrEST, the Marshal-in-Chief of the late celebration 
 in honour of the French Revolution.- — In the discharge of his 
 duty on that day, or in discharge of any duty confided to him^ 
 we find him ever prompt and decisive — blending industry with 
 integrity, intelligence, and courtesy. • 
 
 This toast was received with all the enthusiasm anticipated 
 by the President. After nine hearty cheers, Mr. Swartwout 
 rose amid the warmest greetings of the company, and replied 
 in the following terms. 
 
 Mr. President. — I beg you, and this most respectable com- 
 pany, to accept my warmest thanks for the very flattering and 
 gratifying notice you have been pleased to take of my conduct 
 on the occasion of the late celebration. 
 
 That celebration, sir, was a splendid and most honourable 
 
140 CELEBRATION OP THE 
 
 display of the public sentiment in our city. The people of 
 New- York, who have so long enjoyed the blessings of civil 
 and religious liberty, could not but feel their sympathies ex- 
 cited in the cause of France, our friend and ancient ally ; they 
 rejoiced in her freedom, and gloried in her triumphs. They 
 beheld with amazement a mighty empire revolutionized, re- 
 generated, and disenthralled, in three days ; and thirty millions 
 of people receiving their impulse, their liberty, and their laws 
 from a single city. They could not but be proud of the influence 
 of their own example, and they were grateful to Heaven for it. 
 
 In order to give to France the most public and heartfelt tes- 
 timony of our admiration of her conduct, the people of New- 
 York poured out, in a blaze of civic glory, the warmest emo- 
 tions of their hearts. They devoted days and nights to the 
 celebration of her principles and her triumphs. They deco- 
 rated themselves with the emblems of her national faith, and 
 re-echoed her national hymns. Our whole population united 
 in oneVoice, and were marshalled under one banner. It was the 
 most impressive scene ever before witnessed among us, and 
 the mode adopted the only one, perhaps, that could have been 
 selected to give full effect to the scene, in a community com- 
 posed of so many different interests, associations, and occupa- 
 tions. 
 
 So cordial was the feeling, so unanimous the sentiment, and 
 so splendid the pageant, that it may be fairly questioned whe- 
 ther Paris herself, the mistress of the continent, and the seat 
 of the wonders which we have just been celebrating, with all 
 her wealth and numbers, could have produced a more imposing 
 spectacle, or one surpassing in splendour and effect, that 
 beautiful offering on the Altar of Liberty. It was worthy 
 of our fellow-citizens and of the cause they celebrated. 
 
 Mr. President, the station assigned to us on that day, and 
 the share we were permitted to take in the exhibition, were, 
 in the highest degree, honourable and gratifying, and should 
 be long held in remembrance by us. — We will send back to 
 the land of Lafayette the sympathy so nobly and so generously 
 extended to us in the day of our own trials ; and the people 
 of France will soon learn, that we have honoured their cause 
 and venerate their principles. 
 
 Frenchmen, receive from us this tribute to your patriotism, 
 your valour, and your moderation. Carry with you while you 
 live, and wherever you go, the remembrance of that day ; may 
 it have a place in your recollections and affections, next only 
 to that which marked the political regeneration of your own 
 native land! 
 
RETOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1830. 141 
 
 Before I sit down, Mr. President, permit me to give you as 
 a sentiment — 
 
 Patriotism, friendship, and gratitude, the triune banner of 
 the heart. 
 
 4. France — our ancient Ally — our early and tried friend i 
 '* We, the People of the United States," rejoice in every tri- 
 umph which secures Freedom to her Government and happi- 
 ness to her-people. Nine cheers. Song — Marseilles Hymn. 
 
 6. Our fellow-citizen, Gen. Lafayette — the friend of Liberty 
 and personal rights — the friend of justice and moderation. — 
 May the setting sun of his life be as glorious as its dawn was 
 brilliant and its meridian splendid. Nine cheers. 
 
 6. The memory of Washington, and of his fellow-soldiers 
 of the Revolutionary War. — Their example continuing to live 
 wherever freedom is triumphant. Drank standing, and in 
 silence. 
 
 7. Agriculture, Commerce, and Manufactures. — The three 
 great Pillars of the Republic, whose united force even Sam- 
 son himself could not shake. 
 
 8. The various Mechanic and other Societies which cor« 
 dially united in celebrating the recent Revolution in France — 
 Their splendid appearance and good conduct render them the 
 pride, as they are the bulwark, of our yeomanry. 
 
 9. Education. — The main-spring of the whole system of 
 government, moral and political. — May it bestride the universe, 
 the real Colossus of light and liberty. 
 
 10. The Mihtia of the United States— the National Guards 
 of our country — The best protectors of laws which they them- 
 selves assist in creating. Three cheers. 
 
 In reply to this toast, Major-General Morton, the senior offi- 
 cer of the Militia in the United States, made a few pertinent 
 remarks, and proposed the following : 
 
 The Militia, of France, the National Guards — In conduct 
 brave, in victory humane. 
 
 11. The State of New- York, and its favourite daughter, 
 our fair city — May she ever bestow her smiles on the enter- 
 prising, her hospitality to the deserving, and her hand to the 
 brave and patriotic. 
 
 12. Paris — the emporium of taste and lalent, of beauty and 
 bravery. — The mistress of Europe in all that embrace the cir- 
 cle of arts, science, and fashion. Six cheers. 
 
 13. The Fair — The pure red and ivMte, which he, w^ho 
 made the rainbow mingles on their cheeks, and the ethereal 
 Uue of their mild and radiant eyes, exhibit charms only ex- 
 
142 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 celled by their virtue, and the constancy of their affection. 
 Nine cheers. 
 
 VOLUNTEER TOASTS. 
 
 By Silas E. Burrows, Esq. President. — The memory of De 
 Witt Clinton. (Drank standingj in silence.) 
 
 By Daniel Jackson, First Vice-President. — Our associate 
 Aids, natives of France, who participated in the late celebra- 
 tion. Their gallant appearance on the 26th called to mind 
 the days of chivalry, in which their countrymen were as dis- 
 tinguished in feats of arms, as were their glorious contempo- 
 rary patriots of the 27th, 28th, and 29th July last. 
 
 In reply to the preceding toast, Mr. Marius Panon arose, 
 and spoke as follows : — Gentlemen, I rise to return, in the 
 name of my comrades, their heartfelt thanks for the flattering 
 compliment just paid them by our courteous First Vice Pre- 
 sident; and on their behalf I propose — Our associate Aids, 
 natives of that happy land where liberty first breathed, liberty 
 dwells, and, I most sincerely hope, liberty shall never die. 
 
 By Charles A. Clinton, Esq., Second Vice-President.— The 
 Merchants of the city of New-York ; distinguished for their 
 enterprise, intelligence, and public spirit. 
 
 This toast was replied to by Alderman Strong, who pro- 
 posed the following : — The Members of the Bar of the city of 
 New- York. 
 
 The toast which follows was intended to be given by the 
 Chair, but out pf respect to a sister State — ^that State which 
 had the honour of giving birth to the distinguished individual 
 who is the subject of the sentiment" — the pleasing task or pro- 
 posing it was allotted to a gentleman who is also a native of 
 Virginia. 
 
 By E. M. Greenway.^ — Our invited, but absent guest, James 
 Monroe, Ex-President of the United States. His devotion to 
 his country— -his honesty, integrity, and patriotism, can never 
 be forgotten by his grateful countrymen. 
 
 After the acclamations with which the preceding toast was 
 received had subsided, Mr. Samuel L. Gouverneur, the son- 
 in-law of Mr. Monroe, arose to reply in his behalf, and to 
 convey to the assemblage the sentiments of that venerable ci- 
 tizen, and his acknowledgments for the many tokens of re- 
 spect he had received from this community, during his brief 
 residence. The remarks of Mr. Gouverneur were exceedingly 
 happy, and afforded a beautiful specimen of the highest order 
 
REVOLrXION IN FRANCE, 1830. 143 
 
 of eloquence. They were the ardent outpourings of a warm 
 and generous mind, and conveyed the sentiments of a feeling 
 heart, with a felicity of language, and a force of expression, 
 that ^uch an occasion only could inspire. In conclusion, Mr. 
 Gouverneur, with peculiar delicacy, transferred the honour 
 which the company had rendered to Mr. Monroe, from that 
 gentleman to the State of Virginia ; expressing it as his opi- 
 nion, that the many gratifying tokens of their respect which 
 this community had conferred upon one of her favourite sons, 
 were intended as compliments to a sister State. Mr. Gou- 
 verneur also alluded very happily to the fact, that the toast had 
 been offered by a native Virginian, and closed his remarks by 
 offering the following : 
 
 The State of Virginia — In doing honour to one of her dis- 
 tinguished sons, we do honour to her. 
 
 The warmth of expression, and the enthusiastic applause 
 with which the succeeding toast was received, was a sufficient 
 evidence of the correct estimation it gives of the feelings enter- 
 tained by this community for an illustrious individual, who was 
 among the earliest supporters of his country's rights, in the 
 dark period of the Revolution ; and who, under the happy 
 Government which he assisted in creating, has been called 
 upon to fill successively the highest offices in the gift of the 
 people of the Kepublic. \ 
 
 By Prosper M. Wetmore. — James Monroe — A living evi- 
 dence of the injustice of a government, and of the gratitude 
 of a people. 
 
 In reply to the preceding toasts in honour of the Ex-Presi- 
 dent, speeches, characterized by great warmth of feeling, de- 
 voted attachment, and the true spirit of eloquence, were elicited 
 from Mr. Burrows, the President of the day, Mr. Swartwout, 
 the principal guest, and Mr. John I. Mumford. The following 
 toast was introduced with appropriate remarks by its author. 
 
 By Philip Hone. — The school of patriotism, in which 
 Washington was the preceptor, and Lafayette the pupil — well 
 have the precepts of the one been obeyed, and nobly has his 
 example been followed by the other. 
 
 By Wm. M. Price. — The French people — The first and best 
 friends of our Republic. 
 
 By C. D. Golden.— The March of Intellect, guided by the 
 press — May it lead to national liberty and the happiness of all 
 nations. 
 
 By Colonel Murray. — Our adopted French brethren — Their 
 exemplary conduct as American citizens, the highest eulogium 
 L on the land of their nativity. 
 
144 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 By Gen. Cooper. — The people of Paris—An example to this 
 world, and to all revolutionists, of courage and moderation. 
 
 By Mons. St. Andre, Consul General of France— -Aux ha- 
 bitants de New- York qui viennent de donner un temoignage si 
 touchant d'interet pour le people Fran9ais — Les iliens d'an- 
 cienne amitie unissent les Etats Unis a La France ne peuvent 
 que se fortifier sous les auspices d'un gouvernment ami detoute 
 la liberte. 
 
 By Joseph Bouchaud.— The American nation^ free, power- 
 ful, and happy. She has proved to the world that liberty, when 
 supported by wisdom, is imperishable. 
 
 By C. Calemard. — The recognition by France of the young 
 Republics of South America and Mexico- — May they imitate 
 the noble example of their elder Sister, the Republic of the 
 United States. 
 
 By Col. T. Morris.^ — General Bernard, formerly a scientific 
 and distinguished Ofiicer in the Republican and Imperial ar- 
 mies of France, and now devoting his unrivalled talents as a 
 General of Engineers in the fortification of our coast. 
 
 By M. M. Noah.— The Press of France— Not to be pros- 
 trated by Ministerial Decrees, nor intimidated by the cannon 
 of hired soldier^. 
 
 By Marius Panon.— The Union of our Banners ; it secured 
 the freedom of America, and now affords the world an exem- 
 plary lesson of reciprocal gratitude — May it teach all nations 
 how to win and appreciate Liberty. 
 
 By F. G. Halieck. — A nation's love of National Glory — 
 It has made France what she is— a glorious land. 
 
 By James Lawson.— T. Rouget de Lisle, author of Le Mar- 
 sellois — The Poet's pen has been as instrumental in awaken- 
 ing a nation to a consciousness of its wrongs, as the Patriot's 
 sword has been keen to avenge them. 
 
 By Girault Du Vivier.— The Citizen Soldiers— The Militia 
 of the United States ; tlie National Guards of France — Real 
 bulwarks of the country, in arms without danger to its indepen- 
 dence. 
 
 By Dr. J. Dekay. — France — May her National Bird always 
 be Cock of the Walk among the nations of Europe. 
 
 By John I. Mumford. — Public Sentiment — The parent of a 
 free Press, which like the fabled Antoesus in his combat with 
 Hercules, received new strength at every fall in the contest for 
 Liberty. 
 
 By George D. Strong. — The Students of the Polytechnic 
 School — ^Their subtraction from the forces of the foes of Free- 
 
:aEVO!HJTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 145 
 
 dom; theiT addition to the killed, wounded, and missing of a 
 venal soldiery ; and their multiplication of adherents to the 
 cause of civil and religious Liberty ; have evinced that their 
 education in the arithmetic of Liberty is complete. 
 
 By Mr. Gravillon. July, 1776, and July, 1830— Two great 
 epochs, which, like beacons, will indicate to the nations of the 
 new and of the old world the way to the port of Liberty. 
 
 By D. C. Golden, The Press— Maf it never be oppressed 
 or depressed. 
 
 By Henry Ogden. The Song of Freedom— Awakened July 
 4th, 1776 — Its Carrol yet exists. 
 
 By M. M. Quackenboss. Samuel Swartwout, Esq.— The 
 efficient soldier and patriotic citizen. 
 
 By Mr. Magennis, of Missouri. The Union, the whole 
 Union, and nothing but the Union. 
 
 By Robert Lawrence. Our Country— Courteous in peace, 
 undaunted in war. 
 
 By a Guest. The Hon, Cadwallader D. Colden — Like his 
 great compeer, our late lamented Chief aad Governor, De 
 Witt Clinton, by untiring assiduity, the jfirst to introduce the 
 inclined plane to successful operation. 
 
 By Amos Palmer. The Olive of France, the Oak of Eng- 
 land, and the Hickory of America — united, they defy enemies 
 abroad, and despots at home. 
 
 By J. F. N. Vouthier. The young Citizens of France — 
 f;trong in hand and firm in heart : if ever the American cause 
 should require foreign assistance, she will find that the present 
 youth of France will rouse in its behalf, with that j^alour and 
 energy which characterized their forefathers. 
 
 By B. J. Messerole. The Lamp of Liberty, that first shone 
 in the United States of America, and now shines in France — 
 may it be a light to all nations that are in darkness. 
 
 By J. L. Joseph. The bright rainbow of Freedom, spread- 
 ing its broad arch from America to the French hemisphere, 
 will illuminate the world with the light of liberty, intelligence, 
 and happiness. 
 
 By Li Dupeyre. Our fellow-aids of the late celebration — 
 we have shared with them the honours of the parade, we should 
 be proad to share with them the perils of the battle-field. 
 
 By P. Thomas. Charles Carrol, of Carrolton — the only 
 surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence. 
 
 By Major Rossel, of New- Jersey. New- York — the enter- 
 prise of her citizens equalled only by their hospitality. 
 
 13 
 
146 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 By L. Peugnet. The United States — the cradle of liberty 
 — the asylum of the unfortunate. 
 
 By Robert Emmet. The Castle of Olmutz — The crucible 
 in which a patriot's constancy was tried, and out of which it 
 came like thrice-refined gold. 
 
 By a French Guest. The Gallic Cock, and the American 
 Eagle — Two birds of the same feather. 
 
 By A. Le Moyne. The Pupils of West Point — who, in the 
 hour of. danger, would, like the immortal Pupils of the Poly- 
 technic School, fight and conquer, or die for their country. 
 
 By W. Seaman. The Marshal-in-Chief — *^ In peace, the 
 gentle gale of spring ; in war, the mountain storm." 
 
 By Mr. Harvey. The race of Freedom in Europe — " The 
 Devil take the hindmost." 
 
 By S. M. Stilwell. The Constitution of the United States 
 — The pearl of great price. 
 
 By B. De la Pierre, in manners, in sentiments, in love of 
 liberty, in all that is noble and generous, may Frenchmen and 
 Americans be ever united. 
 
 By John Ditchett. The Tree of Liberty, a native American 
 —May its roots spread to all nations, and its fruit be wisdom, 
 peace, and love. 
 
 By Isaac S. Hone (after the President had retired). The 
 President of the day, Silas E. Burrows — a generous and ardent 
 man, whom we all respect and esteem. 
 
 Toasts complimentary to each of the Vice-Presidents were 
 drank on those gentlemen leaving their seats. 
 
 The hilarity of the evening was increased by numerous 
 songs and recitations, and the company retired at a seasonable 
 hour, delighted with the conviviality they had enjoyed, and 
 with sentiments of increased attachment for the individual out 
 of respect to whom they had assembled. 
 
 The five Veteran Soldiers of ^* 1776," invited by the Com* 
 mittee of Arrangements to participate in the celebration of the 
 day, and who were conspicuous in the procession. 
 
 Enoch Crosby is the original Harvey Birch, of Cooper^s 
 excellent novel of the '' Spy," and the individual whose me- 
 moirs have been so faithfully written by H. L, Barnum^ in a 
 work entitled the " Spy Unmasked.^ ^ The celebrity of these 
 works, the one of truth, and the other of fiction, will supersede 
 the necessity of a detailed account of this fearless and patriotic 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830, 147 
 
 man, whose services during the war of the Revolution give 
 him a claim of gratitude upon his country, and of unbounded 
 admiration and respect upon his fellow-citizens. Mr. Crosby 
 was born in Harwich, Massachusetts, on the 4th of January, 
 1750 ; but removed with his parents to Dutchess County in this 
 State, when he was but three years of age. He received a 
 plain education, and from reverses in the affairs of his parents, 
 he left their roof when sixteen years of age, the director of his 
 own fortunes. He apprenticed himself to a shoemaker, and 
 served his time until he reached his twenty-first year ; and if 
 Roger Sherman^ the shoemaker, the signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, the enlightened statesman, and honest man, 
 could, in his elevated sphere of action, say, " I have done the 
 State some service, and they know it ;" so, without arrogating 
 to himself, may the humble subject of our remarks have also 
 exclaimed ; and should any skeptic doubt and be slow to be- 
 lieve, he could tell o'er his tale again, speak of '^ hair-breadth 
 'scapes," and appeal to the shade of the immaculate John Jay, 
 to sustain him in his assertion. 
 
 On the 19th April, 1775, immediately after the massacre at 
 Lexington, he joined the company of Capt. Benedict, in Dan- 
 bury, Connecticut, where he then resided. After a service of 
 six months he left the army, and rejoined it in 1776 ; and in the 
 month of September in the same year, he became the " Spy" 
 on the " neutral ground ;" an office which he undertook at the 
 earnest of the Committee of Safety assembled at <* White 
 PlainSj^^ and for which his address, coolness, and sagacity 
 admirably qualified him. He resumed his trade, as a cover to 
 the perilous and by no means honourable character in which he 
 was to appear : having furnished himself with a pedler's pack, 
 which he filled with the implements of his trade, Mr. Crosby 
 set out on his hazardous adventures. With promptitude he 
 entered upon the duties that devolved upon him, and with an 
 adroitness that belongs to but few, he quickly became possessed 
 of the secrets of the enemy — communicated the most correct, 
 satisfactory, and valuable information, at the imminent risk 
 of life, and endured sufferings, privations, and temporary igno- 
 miny that few would be able to bear, and none would be willing 
 to undergo. After a series of adventures almost bordering on 
 romance, Mr. Crosby was, as a measure of personal safety, 
 induced to abandon the pursuit of a Spy^ and he was appointed 
 to a suboi'dinate command in the troops under the command 
 of General Lafayette, where he distinguished himself in several 
 engagements. He continued in the army until 1783, and 
 
148 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 served wherever duty called him. He retired to SoutheasC^, 
 where he still lives, cultivating a small farm, and enjoying the 
 society of his affectionate children. For twenty-eight year^ 
 he has been a Justice of the Peace, and for the last twenty 
 years a Deacon of the Presbyterian Church. His form is still 
 erect and athletic ; evincing a green old age, and a constitution 
 unimpaired by the hardships he has encountered. 
 
 Anthony Gleen.— The tide of feeling is so strong in favour 
 of the French, that a double relish is given to all incidents of our 
 Revolution, particularly when related by the active survivors of 
 those " days which tried men's souls ;" and having enjoyed the 
 pleasing sensations which the recital of the events of those days 
 afford, in the company of the venerable Anthony Gleen, Esq., 
 of Saratoga county, whose recollection and mental faculties are 
 still remarkably clear, I now present you with a brief account 
 (^ this old gentleman's revolutionary career, which I have 
 drawn from conversations with him ; but it can give you only 
 an idea of the sel'viees of this respectable and good man, who 
 is an old resident farmer near Saratoga Springs, and who has. 
 never received but ^60 old continental money for seven 
 years' service in the Navy of the United States. 
 
 Previous to the Revolution, he had made several voyages to 
 Europe and the West Indies, and had accumulated a handsome 
 property, and was a thorough seaman. In 1775, he was in this 
 city with his vessel, when he volunteered in a company of 
 masters of vessels and seamen, under Captain Malcolm. On 
 the approach of the English fleet to this city, after the landing 
 of Lord Howe on Long Island, he fired the first gun from the 
 Battery, which took effect in the hull of the British 20 gun 
 sloop of war Rose. On the American army leaving this city, 
 and while the enemy's fleet lay at anchor off the Battery, he 
 succeeded in getting his vessel, called the Fortune, at dead of 
 night, loaded with provisions and military stores for the Ame- 
 rican army, from the Ea:st river, around the Battery, into the 
 North river, and landed them at Fort Washington. General 
 Washington then furnished him with a Serjeant's guard of 
 twelve men, with which he returned to this city and took 57 dis- 
 abled and wounded men from fhe Hospital, with some military 
 stores, and landed them safe at Dobb's Ferry, and the stores at 
 Fort Constitution ; after which, his vessel was taken into the 
 U. S. service, as a transport, and in 1776 he was ordered fa 
 take charge of the United States' frigate Montgomery, as sail- 
 ing-master, under Captain John Hodge— the launching of 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 149 
 
 which frigate, at Poughkeepsie, he superintended. He re- 
 mained on board this frigate about eight months, when he was 
 transferred to the Lady Washington, Captain Lewis. 
 
 He was in the bloody battle at Fort Montgomery, when it 
 was taken by Sir Henry Clinton, After which, he was pro- 
 moted to the office of First Lieutenant, an-d was in the battle 
 of Esopus. In this battle he elevated and fired a 32 pounder 
 twenty-eight times himself at the enemy, and had the mortifi- 
 cation of seeing his own vessel, the Fortune, burnt by the Bri- 
 tish ; for which loss he never received a farthing fromjiis country* 
 He was in the battle at Stony Point, and held his commis- 
 sion, both a^ Sailing-master and First Lieutenant of the Lady 
 Washington, till 1779. 
 
 In the spring of 1780, he was ordered with Captain Lewis to 
 take command at Verplanck Point, and there he witnessed and 
 encountered many and various important scenes, of which that 
 vicinity was the theatre. He remained at this post till the end 
 of the war ; and in 1783 was invited by General Washington, 
 with other of the heroic officers who had served their country 
 during the Revolution, to march with him into this city, on the 
 25th of November of that year. Accordingly, Lieut. Anthony 
 Gleen, with about thirty others, joined him on that day near 
 Fort Washington, and marched with the main army into the 
 city, filing and occupying the different posts that the British 
 evacuated. Gen. Washington halted the army near the old 
 tea- water pump, when the officers of the Revolution formed into 
 aline, and marched through the British army, then in the fields 
 (now the Park), Avhich was on the eve of embarking — while 
 the American army proceeded down Pearl-street and up Wall- 
 street to Trinity Church (then burnt), and there again met 
 Jhose officers, and fired a salute of 13 guns. 
 
 Gen. Washington then ordered Com. Thomas GrinnelJ, with 
 Gen. Hull's regiment and one company of artillery, to take pos- 
 session of the JBattery, hoist the American standard, and fire a 
 salute. The Commodore deputed the gallant Lieut. Gleen to 
 raise the standard — but the British had unreaved the halliards, 
 broke off the stepping cleats, and slushed the flagstaffi This, 
 however, was no impediment to him, he soon procured a ready 
 and willing sailor, who, by the aid of a ladder, ascended the 
 pole and reaved the halliards ; when, by the hands of Lieutenant 
 Anthony Gleen, the American standard was first raised, while 
 the British were still getting into their boats and evacuating 
 this city. 
 
 The standard waving in the air, the artillery again fired a 
 
150 CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 salute of 13 guns, which was politely answered from the Ad- 
 miral's ship, with 21 guns. 
 
 Com. Grinnell, Lieut. Gleen, and the revolutionary officers 
 who had been disbanded, and who had accompanied General 
 Washington on this day, then marched to his head-quarters, and 
 there remained with him for three days, and then took their 
 final leave of each other. — N. Y. Gaz. 
 
 John Van Norsdale. — ^This venerable citizen is promi- 
 nently identified with an event peculiarly interesting to the in- 
 habitants of New- York. On the 25th November, 1783, to Mr. 
 Van Norsdale attaches the act of pulling down the last Bri- 
 tish flag that waved in the United States during the Revolu- 
 tionary War, and to him also did the pleasing task devolve of 
 running the halliards with which Anthony Gleen hoisted the 
 American flag. 
 
 David Williams. — The name of this soldier of the Revo- 
 lution is familiar to almost every child, who in the history of 
 our country recognised in this individual one of the three cap- 
 tors of the unfortunate Andre ; one of three soldiers who af- 
 forded an evidence that their love of country was above all 
 price. 
 
 Alexander Whaley. — One of the earliest in the cause 
 of the Revolution, beginning his career with the destroying of 
 the ' Tea at Boston,' subsequently serving in the armies of his 
 country, and particularly at the capture of Cornwallis. 
 
 The Brothers Peugnet. — It will be recollected that those 
 gentlemen were selected by the Committee of Arrangements 
 of the resident French in the city of New- York, as Standard 
 Bearers in the procession ; the motives that induced the Com- 
 mittee to appoint them will be properly appreciated by the 
 following sketch, taken from the '^ New- York Evening 
 Journal." 
 
 Mr. L. Peugnet v^as an officer of the old Imperial army, and 
 was severely wounded at the battle of Waterloo. The plan that 
 was arranged to ovenhrow the ^' Bourbon'^ dynasty in 1822, was 
 warmly espoused by him ; and when betrayed by some of his com- 
 panions, he escaped by fighting single-handed a detachment of 
 troops, headed by the Governor of Belfort, whom he shot in the 
 rencounter. The account of his escape fs-om the gens-d'armes 
 when they entered the farm house where he was secreted, a»d 
 
REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 151 
 
 when his safety depended upon the fidelity of two children, is 
 thrilling ; and the subsequent history of his journeys through 
 France to his father's house, and his privations and sufferings 
 after his arrival in this country, is a narrative of a most singular 
 and interesting character. While on his way to America he 
 was tried and condemned to death — he was executed in effigy, 
 Mr. H. Peugnet, his brother, also an officer of the old Impe- 
 rial army, was arrested at Strasburg, as connected in the 
 revolution there ; having been tried by a military tribunal, and 
 after suffering long and severe confinement in several dun- 
 geons, he was acquitted for want of proof. Being discharged, 
 he followed his brother Louis into the woods of Canada, where 
 for some time they worked and fared hard, but to little profit. 
 They arrived in New- York in 1825, with impaired health and 
 limited means, and by their abilities and industry secured 
 friends and a competence. Being known by Lafayette^ on 
 his arrival in this country, he introduced them to the acquaint- 
 ance of his friends ; since which they have been engaged in con- 
 ducting one of the best schools in the vicinity of this city. 
 Such is a brief sketch of the history of the Brothers Peugnet, 
 who were appointed by the French citizens of this city to bear 
 the Tri-coloured Flag on the 25th. 
 
 J. F. N. VouTHiER. — This gentleman was attached to the 
 suite of the Marshal-in-Chief — the following sketch will show 
 how worthy he was of the distinction extended to him on this 
 ^particular occasion. 
 
 Mr. Vouthier is a merchant of this city, and was at Paris 
 during the '' trois jours^^^ — he was on the Exchange on the 
 27th July, when the people, led by the Printers, surrounded the 
 Bourse; a gun was put into his hands, amid the cries of ^' Vive 
 la liberteP^ '^ a has les Bourbons, ^^ He instantly embraced 
 the cause — was elected by a band of volunteers their leader or 
 captain — fought during the three days as should become a man, 
 and was the fifth citizen who entered the Tuileries, when it 
 was carried by the brave Parisians under the tri-coloured flag. 
 When the drums beat a second time a call on the Parisians, to 
 march on Rambouillet, where 15,000 soldiers still upheld 
 Charles the Tenth ; he was among the first at the rendezvous 
 of Gen. Pajol and George Lafayette. The gun used by Mr, 
 Vouthier during the combats, he brought with him to New- 
 York, to use his own words — not as a trophy but as a memento. 
 
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