' 1.1. 1 .'X^ v^^' ■'^>. ^^ .^^' .^^ A- '^^ ^°.. o> 'c^ .vV .A>' ■^. .-i- o^;o ■-y' -^^ v^ .0'^ iS- v^^' .QV _^,> ■ » # '^^ X'?-' vX^' •^^. ..c^^'' % / .*£ <^ ^'X "^^ * ^ H ^ ^0 V. * ^O. -0^ .^' ■c-' <^^ .A>' ■^. ■/*, ^^ C^' ,<^' <■ .v. * ,-0' x"^ ../K?5, ''^ V - "^. ^^^ v^' 'K\. ^°.. %■ ^•' ^% n V /\ •:/ -A* ^ ^ ^ -■ ^:^^^ •=00^ >•> C' \' , ^''!rl'''- -^ v'^' "-P^ ^ K^^.. .^^% \ ^ p , xx^^' "■^.- t?'. ^^ v-^' 57th Congress, { SENATE. j Document 1st Session. I , 1 No. 412. MISSOURI TROOPS IN SERVICE DURING THE CIVIL WAR. LETTER FROM THE SECRETAKY OF WAR, IN' RESPONSE TO THE SENATE RESOLUTION PASSED ON JUNE 14, 1902, TRANSMITTING A PAPER PREPARED BY THE CHIEF OF RECORD AND PENSION OFFICE OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT. SHOWING VARIOUS CLASSES OF MISSOURI VOLUNTEERS, MILITIA. AND HOME GUARDS IN SERVICE DURING THE CIVIL WAR, AND THE LAWS, ETC., UNDER WHICH THEY WERE RAISED; ALSO WHAT CLASSES OF SUCH ARE RECOGNIZED BY THE WAR DEPARTMENT AS BEING IN THE MILITARY SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES AND WHAT CLASSES ARE NOT SO RECOGNIZED. June 18, 1902. — Laid on the table and ordered to be printed. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1 ; » 2 . ^fy^ jrarsfer Pension Ollice Library Aug. 2, 1933 E 511 LETTEE OF TRANSMITTAL. War Department, Washington ^ June 16^ 190'2. Sir: In response to the Senate resolution of the 14th instant, in which the Secretary of War is directed to transmit to the Senate a statement showing the various classes of Missouri vohmteers, militia, and home guards that were in the service during the civil war, the designations of the organizations composing them, and the laws, orders, and regulations under which they were raised; also what organizations or classes of these troops are recognized by the Wai Department as having been in the military service of the United States and what organizations or classes are not so recognized, I have the honor to transmit herewith a paper on the subject of the Senate res olution, prepared by the Chief of the Record and Pension Office. of this Department. Very respectfully, Elihu Root, Secretary of War. The President pro tempore United States Senate. 3 TABLE OF OOE^TE^TS. ITNION ORGANIZATIONS. Page. Introductory remarks 7 Three Months' Militia, 1861 11 Six Months' Mihtia 18 Missouri State Militia 21 Enrolled Missourf Militia 48 Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia 82 Provisional Enrolled Militia 87 Missouri Militia, organized under authority of State General Orders, No. 3, of January 30, 1865 90 Missouri Militia, organized imder ordinance of State Convention of April 8, 1865 97 United States Reserve Corps, three months' service 98 United States Reserve Corps, three years' service 101 Three Years' Volunteers 122 Six or Twelve Months' Volunteers • 133 One, Two, or Three Years' Volunteers 141 Home Guards, 1861 146 Citizen Guards 165 Mississippi Marine Brigade 194 Marine Corps 195 Irregular organizations and appointments under Major-General Fremont 198 Lis't of Missouri organizations regularly mustered into the military service of the United States or recognized by the War Department as having been in that service 213 List of ^lissouri organizations of Militia, Citizen Guards, and Marine Corps not in the military service of the United States 227 CONFEDERATE ORGANIZATIONS. Introductory remarks 239 Missouri State Guard 246 IMissouri Volunteers, Confederate service 283 Local Defense 320 List of Missouri State Guard organizations cooperating with Confederate troops. 329 List of Missouri organizations in the service of the Confederate States 332 List of Missouri Local Defense organizations, Confederate service 336 5 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. The conditions existing in Missouri during- the civil war were pecul- iar in that the State was represented b}- two governments, one main- taining its allegiance to the Federal Union, the other, after declaring the State a sovereign and independent republic, forming an alliance with the Confederate States and linall}" acknowledging organic union therewith. These exceptional conditions, and others which resulted from the geographical position of the State and the divided sentiment of its people, forming them into hostile factions, resulted in many perplexi- ties and informalities in the organization of the military forces of the State and the creation of a great variety of organizations, especially on the side of the Union, some of them previoush' unknown to the military service of the United States. These irregularities caused much*perplexity and misunderstanding as to the status of some of the organizations and the relations of their members to the State and to the General Government. The nature of these irregularities and their results will be pointed out in the following pages. It is sufficient here to state that not less than seventeen difl'erent classes of troops were organized in the State of Missouri on the Union side alone, not counting the several varieties of^those classified in this paper as Home or Citizen Guards. 7 UNION ORGANIZATIONS. THREE MONTHS' MILITIA, ISGl. On April 15. 1861. the President issued his proclamation calling for 75,000 militia for the purpose of suppressing insurrection and "to cause the laws to be duly executed." This proclamation was in terms as follows: Whereas, the laws of the United States have l)een for goine time past and now are opposed and the execution thereof obstructed in the States of South Carolina, Geor- gia, Ala]>ama, Florida, ]Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas by combinations too power- ful to be suppressed l>y the ordinary course of judicial proceedings or l>y the powers vested in the marshals by law: Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, in virtue of the power in me vested l)y the Constitution and the laws, have thought fit to call forth, and hereby do call forth, the militia of the several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of 75,000, in order to suppress said coml)inations and to cause the laws to be duly executed. The details of this object will V)e immediately communicated to the State authori- ties through the War Department. I appeal to all loyal citizens to favor, facilitate, and aid this effort to maintain the honor, the integrity, and the existence of our national Union and the perjietuity of popular government, and to redress wrongs already long enough endured. I deem it proper to say that the first service assigned to the forces hereby called forth will probably be to repossess the forts, places, and property which have been seized from the Union, and in every event the utmost care will l)e observed consist- ently with the objects aforesaid to avoid any devastation, any destruction of or interference with pi-operty, or any disturbance of peaceful citizens in any part of the country. And I hereby command the persons composing the cond)inations aforesaid to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes within twenty days from date. Deeming that the present condition of puV^lic affairs presents an extraordinary occasion, I do herel)y, in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitution, con- vene both Houses of Congress. Senators and Repre.sentatives are therefore summoned to asseml)le at their respec- tive Chambers at 12 o'clock noon on Thursday, the 4th day of July next, then and there to consider and determine such measures as in their wisdom the pulilic safety and interest may seem to demand. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington this 15th day of April, in the year of our Lord 1861, and of the independence of the United States the eighty-fifth. Abraham Lincoln. By the President:. William H. Seward, Secretary of State. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Annies, Series III, Vol. I, pp. 67,68.] On the date of this proclamation the Secretary of War addressed let- ters to the governors of twenty-four vStates, including one to the gov- ernor of Missouri of which the following is a copy: War Department, Washington, April 15, 1861. Sir: Under the act of Congress "for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, repel invasions," etc., approved February 28, 1795, 11 12 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. I have the lionor to rellnei^t your exeelleney to causae to ])e immediately detached from the militia of your State" the quota det^iguated in the table below, to serve as infantry or ritlemen for tlie period of three months, unless sooner discharged. Your excellency will please conmiunicate to me tiie time at or a))out which your quota will l)e expectiMl at its rendezvous, as it will be met as soon as i)racticable by an orticer or oHicers to muster it into the service and pay of the United States. At the same time the oath of lidelity to the United States will be administered to every otticer and man. The mustering otlicer will be instructed to receive no man under the rank of I'omnussioned otticer who is in years apparently over 45 or under 18, or who is not in physical strength and vigor. ******* SiMox Cameron, Secretari/ of War. [Ibid., PI). (jS, tin.] The quota of the State of Missouri, designated in the table wliioh aooompanied this letter, was four reoinients of infantry, being an agoreoate of 8.123 ofiicers and enlisted men, ineludino- one brio-udier- general. On the same date, also. April 15. 1801. an order was issued from the War Department detailing- ofheers of the Regular Army to muster the troops into the military service of the United States, the order for the State of Missouri being as follows: Speci.vl Orders, \ War Departmext, Aiwutaxt-Gexeral's Office, No. 106. ) Wa.tliitufton, April 15, 1S61. The officers named below are detailed to muster into the service of the United States, for the States, anil at the stations set opposite their names, respectively, the troops called out l\v the President's proclamation of this date. They will acknowledge the receipt of this order, repair to the rendezvous desig- nated,' and report their arrival to the Adjutant-General of the Army and the govern- ors of the respective States, and will execute the duties assigned them with as little delay as practicable, rejiorting the progress and completion of their labors to the Adjutant-General of the Army direct. In addition to these duties, the mustering officers will perform such staff duties as may be assigned them l)y the chiefs of the supply departments of the Army. ******* Missouri, St. Louis. First Lieut. J. M. Schotield, First Artillery, and First Lieut.. George B. Cosby, Second Cavalry. ******* By order of the Secretary of War: L. Thomas, Adjutant-General.. The governor of the State emphatically declined to honor the requi- sition of the President, advising the Secretary of War. in a telegram dated April IT. 18(51, as follows: Execttive Department, Jefferson Citi/, ^[o., April 17, 1861.. Hon. Simon Cameron, Serretarji of War. Sir: Your dispatch of the loth instant, making a call on Missouri for four regi- ments of men for inuuediate service, has been received. There can be, I apprehend, no doubt but the men are intended to form a part of the President's army to make war upon the people of tlie seceded States. Your retiuisition, in my judgment, is illegal, unconstitutional, and revolutionary in its object, inhuman and diabolical, and can not be complied with. Not one man will the State of Missouri furnish to carry on any such unholy crusade. C. F. Jackson, Gorernor of Missouri. [Ibid.,pp. S2,s:5.] THREE months' MILITIA. 13 On the stime date, April IT. 1S<'.1. Mr. Frank P. Blair, jr.. tele- graphed to the Secretary of War: East St. Loris, April 17, 1861. Hon. 8. C.vjiEROx, Secretary of ]\ar: Our o:overnor will not meet your requisition for volunteers. Will you accept inde- pendent companies and regiments from Missouri? If so, please order Captain Lyon to muster them into service. ******* Frank P. Blair, Jr. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. LlII, pp. 488,489.] On April 19, 18«»1, Mr. Blair ao"ain telegraphed the Secretary of War, as follows: East St. Lons, April 19, 1861. Hon. Simon Cajierox: * * * Send order by telegraph at once for mustering men into service to Capt. N. Lyon. It will surely then be executed, and we will fill your requisition in two days. * * * Answer immediately. Frank P. Blair, Jr. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. I, pp. 668, 669.] On April 21. 1S61, Brigadier-General Harney, commanding the Department of the West, denied the request of Captain Lyon, com- manding the troops at the St. Louis Arsenal, that he be authorized to accept the services of volunteers for its defense. General Harney's letter on this subject is as follows: Headquarters Department of the AVest, St. Louis, Mo., April ^1, 1861. Capt. N. Lyon, Second Infantry, Comiiiandiny Troops, St. Louis Arsenal, Mo. Sir: Your two communications of this date, one asking for authority to accept the services of volunteers in the defense of the St. Louis Arsenal, * * * have been laid before the commanding general, who deems it inexpedient to approve the recommendations contained in your communications. I am, sir, verj- respectfully, your obedient servant, S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant- (ieneral. [Book No. 8, Department of the West, pp. 71, 72.] On the same date Brigadier-General Harney was relieved from his command in an order from the War Department of which the follow- ing is a copy: Adjutant-General's Office, WasIn)ii/toii, April 31, 1861. Brig. Gen. W. S. Harney, Commanding Department of the West, St. Louis, Mo. General: I am directed by the Secretary of War to say that you are hereby relieved from the command of the Department of the West," which will devolve upon the senior officer in the department, and you will repair to this city and report to the General in Chief. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. [OfRcial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. I, p. 669.] On the same date also. April 21, 18(U, Captain Lyon was instructed by the War Department to execute the order previously given to pro- » Revoked by Special Orders, No. 128, A. G. O., May 8, 1861. 14 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. tect tho public property and execute the laws, and to "muster four reo-inients into service." The teleg-rani conveying- these instructions is as follows: An.ifTANT-GENERAi.'s Offick, April £1, 1861. Caj)!. N. J.Yox, Second Lifantrji, East St. Louis: General Harney has this day been relieved from his coniniand. The Secretary of War directs that you iinuiediately execute the order previously given to arm the loyal citizens, to protect the public property and execute the laws. ^Muster four regiments into the service. L. Thomas, .[(Ijutant-deiH'ral. [Ibid., p. (>70.] Further correspondence on the same subject was had between Mr. Frank P. Blair, jr., Capt. Fitz John Porter, assistant adjutant-general (then at Harrisburg, Pa,, on a special mission for the War Department), and others. Captain Porter reported: Headquarters Department of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, May 1, 1861. Col. Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant-General U. S. Arm;/, Wasliinyton, D. C. Colonel: I respectfully repeat in writing my rejiort substantially made verbally to the General in Chief of my late expedition from Washington to Harrisl^urg, Pa. ■ir * s * * * Seated in Governor Curtin's telegraph otRce at the capitol Governor Curtin handed me the following dispatch, suggesting at the time I should reply to it as I had to oth- ers already received from the same person: "St. Louis, Mo., April ei, 1861. "Governor A. G. Curtin, Harrishurg, Pa.: "An officer of the Army here has received an order to muster in Missouri regi- ments. General Harney refuses to let them remain in the arsenal grounds or permit them to be armed. I wish these facts to be communicated to the Secretary of War by special messenger and instructions sent immediately to Harney to receive the troops at the arsenal and arm them. Our friends distrust Harney very much. He should be superseded immediately by putting another commander in the district. The object of the secessionists is to seize the arsenal with its 70,000 stand of arms, and he refuses the means of defending it. We have plenty of men but no arms. Fr.\nk p. Blair, Jr." A previous message had been received asking tliat Capt. N. Lyon, Second Infantry, should be assigned as nnistering officer and to arm and equip the troops and to com- mand them, and I had replied that Lieut. J. M. Schotield, then in St. Louis, had been detailed as mustering officer. Other telegrams came urging Lyon's appoint- ment, so when the above dispatch was handed to me, I felt it was my duty, and that I would be justified to use the name and authority of the Secretary of War and of the General in Chief, and I at once telegraphed: "Harrisburg, Pa., April 21, 1861. "General Harney, " Coinmandli}g, St. Louis, Mo.: "Capt. Nathaniel Lyon, Second Infantry, is detailed to muster in the troops at St. Louis and to use them for the protection of public property. You will see that they are properly armed and equipped. "By order of Lieutenant-(Teneral Scott: "F. J. Porter, ' ' Assistant Adjutant- General. ' ' "Harrisburg, Pa., April £1, 1861. "Hon. Frank P. Blair, Jr., St. Louis, Mo.: "Capt. N. Lyon, Second Infantry, has been detailed to muster in the troops at St. Louis and to use them for the protection of public property. "By order of the Secretary of War: "F. J. Porter, ' 'Assistant A djutant- General. ' ' THEEE months' MILITIA. 15 Similar telegrams were sent to Maj. Seth Williams and to Captain Lyon. * * * * * * -X: Very respectfully, your obedient servant, F. J. Porter, Assistant A djatunt- General. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. LI, Part I, pp. 345-351.] The immediate result of the repeated instructions to General Har- ney and Captain Lyon appears in special orders issued b}' the former on April 22, 1861, as follows: Special Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the West, No. 58. i St. Louis, Mo., April 22, 1861. In compliance with instructions which have been received from the headquarters of the Army, "Capt. N. Lyon, Second Infantry, is detailed to muster in the troops at St. Louis and to use them for the defense of the public property." By order of Brigadier-General Harney: S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant- General. [Book No. 87, Departments of the West and Western, p. 294.] On the same date, April 22, 1861, Captain Lyon telegraphed as follows : East St. Louis, [April] 2-2, 1861. Col. L. Thomas, Adjutant-General: Dispatch to muster troops received at twelve (12) o'clock last night. I have to-day received seven hundred (700) men, and armed six hundred (600). N. LvoN, Captain, Second Infantry. [R. & P., 463363.] Under date of April 27, 1861, Captain Lyon, then commanding- the St. Louis Arsenal, made a detailed report of his operations in a letter of which the following is an extract: St. Louis Arsenal, April 27, 1861. Col. L. Thomas, Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C. Sir: Since receiving the authority to receive and muster in Missouri troops at this place, it has been a physical impossibility to write for the purpose of informing the Department of what is transpiring here. The first telegraphic dispatch of the 21st instant, from Major Porter, was received about 12 o'clock of that night, and the vol- unteer companies commenced arriving early next morning. About 700 arrived that day and 600 were armed. On the next day (Tuesday, 23d) nearly the same number arrived and 400 were armed. Through Wednesday and Thursday the arrivals con- tinued about the same, and on Thursday 2,100 had been received, armed, and sworn into the United States service. Through yesterday and to-day about 200 men per day have been received, and all except one company armed. One regiment is full, two others are nearly full, and about half a regiment more is formed. Offers to the extent of several thousands more will doubtless be made, and if it is the wish of the Government to accept them, I shall need to be so informed, as my orders now limit me to four regiments. As there is artillery enough of light and heavy pieces for about three companies, and as there are many excellent artillerists who are exceedingly anxious to organize as artillery companies, I have started a battalion of three com- panies for the purpose of working our pieces, and to be ready for active service with them in the field in case of moving. I also have an application to accept a company of sappers and miners who have had experience in Europe, and I propose to do so. A complete and in a short time an efficient army corps can be thus organized at this point. I desire the instructions of the War "Department upon these matters. As these troops were received at once upon obtaining authority, and without any provisions beforehand for them, and without otfieers of the Subsistence and Quarter- master departments on the spot to attend upon them, and no arrangements for quartering them, great inconvenience to them has occurred, and an overwhelming business devolved upon myself. I have been much in want of officers for company and staff duties. Lieutenant Schofield has cordially cooperated in swearing these troops into the service. Some 16 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNION. buildings outside, havin,;; roniinanding positions, I have hired and occupied with troops in order to obtain additional room, as also to have in possession the positions desired by the secessionists for carrying out their long-cherished scheme of capturing this place. ******* Very resi>ectfully, your obedient servant, N. Lyon, Captain, Second Infantry, Commanding. [9r> L., A. (i.e., 1S61.] On April 30, 1861, Captain Lyon wrote the Adjutant-General: St. Louis Arsenal, Ajiril 30, 1861. Col. L. Thomas, Adjutant-General, V. S. Armn, Washington. Sir: I am accepting all the troops that offer, and at this time some 3,300 have offered, and 8,082 are armed. Deeming the emergencies pressing and fully requir- ing the Government to avail itself of all available resources, I shall still accept these volunteers till countermanding orders are received. This is unavoidal)!e, both because the Ciovernment needs the services of these men, and because of the fear of State tyranny to force them into the secession ranks. No doubt 10,000 men can 1)e raised here, and indications are that they will be needed sooner or later to meet the determined purpose of the State authorities to overturn the authority of the General Government, which, if true to herself, can maintain it here. * * * * * * * Very respectfully, your obedient servant, N. Lyon, Captain, Second Infantry, Commanding. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. I, pp. 675, 676.] Five regiments of infantr}', a battalion of light artillery' and a com- pany of pioneer.s were speedily completed and mustered into the mil- itary service of the United States as Missouri Militia, thus more than tilling the ((uota of the State under the President's proclamation of April 15, 1861; and in another part of this paper it will be seen that another class of troops was subsequently organized, under the title of United States Reserve Corps, for three months' service, which has been recognized as Missouri Militia received under the call of April 15, 1861, making the number furnished under that call something more than 10,000 men. The company and regimental officers of the three months' Missouri Militia of 1861 were elected and were uuistered into service without commissions. Captain Lyon, by whom the regiments had been organized, was elected by the held and company officers of the First Brigade as brigadier-general, and proceeded to assume the com- mand of the several regiments organized by him and to appoint some of the officers of his stati'. His action in this respect is fully set forth in a letter to the Adjutant-General of the Army, dated May 15, 1861. with which he inclosed a cop}' of the orders issued by him on his assumption of the command. The letter and inclosure are as follows: St. Loris Arsen.\l, May 15, 1S61. Col. L. Thomas, Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C. Sir: I have the honor to inclose a copy of a general order issued l)y me upon receiving the certified returns of the election held by the field and company officers of the four regiments called for from Missouri l)y proclamation of the President, vhich constitute the First Brigade of ^Missouri Volunteers, for the l)rigadier-general. By the laws of the State of Missouri a brigadier-general has the power to aiii>oint the "officers of his staff nameil in the order, with the respective rank as therein stated. Besides these, lie can also appoint a quartermaster, judge-advocate, and surgeon, with the rank of major, and an assistant surgeon, with the rank of captain. The office of quartermaster is temporarily filled. No appointments have been made for the other offices last named. THEEE months' MILITIA. 17 The appointments announced were made in conformity witli the Missouri miHtia law and are respectfully i-eferred to the Department, with the request that instruc- tions in regard to them may l)e transmitted to me, setting forth whether or not the laws of Missouri shall be the basis of the formation of this brigade, or, if not, what provisions in respect to the staff officers of the brigade are or will be authorized by the General Government. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, N. Lyon, Captain, Second Infantry, t'onunanding. [Inclosure.] Headqiarters First Brigade Missouri Volunteers, St. Lows Arsenal, May 13, 1861. Orders, No. 1. 1. By the authority of the President of the United States the undersigned will retain the command of the different regiments which have been enrolled at these headquarters. 2. Having been elected brigadier-general of the four regiments which constitute the First Brigade of Missouri Vohinteers, the undersigned accepts the position thus tendered him, suliject to the future action of the proper authorities, and returns his thanks to the officers and men of those regiments for the confidence which they have reposed in him, hoping that his utmost exertions, which he pledges to the proper discharge of this important duty, may contribute to justify this confidence. 3. The following appointnients to fill staff offices of the First Brigade are announced : Chester Harding, jr., to be assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of lieutenant- colonel. Samuel Simmons, to be commissary of the l:)rigade, with the rank of major. Horace A. Conant, to be paymaster of the First and Second regiments, with the rank of major. Chauncey P. E. Johnson, to be paymaster of the Third and Fourth regiments, with the rank of major. Bernard G. Farrar, to be aiile-de-camii, with the rank of major. X. Lyon, Captain, Second Infantry, Commanding. [R. and P., 463367.] No action appears to have been taken upon General L^'on's letter quoted above, but in 1897, the status of the three months' Missouri Militia nnistered into service in 1801 being under consideration, it was decided b}- the Assistant Secretary of War that these troops, officers of all o-nides included, must t)e considered to have been State militia called into the service of the United States by the President, and that the officers are entitled to the same recognition for services rendered that they would have been entitled to had they been appointed and commissioned by the governor of the State. (R. and P., 450639.) As alread}' stated, this force consisted of 1 battalion of light artil- leiy. 5 regiments of infantry, and 1 company of pioneers. It is proper to add that 8 of the infantry regiments consisted of 12 companies each, 2 of which were designated as riflemen, and that a riile battalion of 2 companies and an independent company of riflemen were also attached to the infantry force. S. Doc. 412 2 SIX MONTHS' MILITIA. On Auo'ust :24, 1861. shortly at'ter the t'orniation of the now State oxnornniont. (xovornor (lamblo issued a proclamation callino; into the service of the State of Missouri, for the period of six months. 4'2.000 militia '"to prote^'t the lives and pro]ierty of the citizens of the State."' Follow ino- is a ci>py of the pioclamation: The powers of tlie civil autlu>nties bein<: insutHcient to protect the live? anil prop- erty of the citizens! of the State, I, Hamilton R. GaniMe. governor of the State of Misisonri, do hereby call into the active service of the State 42,000 men of the militia of the State, assigniuir 0.000 as the qnota for eai-h military ilistriet, which is the same as a (.^Mls:ressional district. The force tlins called into the service will be, as far as possible, a volunteer foree and will consist of 10,000 eavalry and oL',000 infantry. If the number volunteerin>r should cxeeed this requisition, the exeess will be held as a rcsi'rve eorps. If there should be a delicieui-y, it n\ay become necessary to resort to a draft. Tlie adjutant-general will issue to the division inspector of the several mil- itary districts the order necessary to carry this requisition into effect. The force called out will be for six months, unless peace in the State be sooner restored. Arms will be fvn-nished as rapidly as they can be had. Ciiven under my hand aii.l the seal of the State at Jefferson City, this 24th day of August, in the vear lSt>l, H. R. G.\Mm.K. By the (.lovcrnor: ^I, (h.ivER, Sccrcfarif of State. [.Vnnual Rej^ort .Vdjutant-Cieneral of Missouri, ISlio, p. 9.] In eomplianee with the terms of the proolamation, the adjutant- oeneial of the State issued a oeneral order relative to the oroanization of the militia foree. as follows: (.iKXKK.M. GrOKKS. I llEAnqiAKTKRS, JkKKEKSON ClTV, No. 1. ) Attgi(.-,OtH) in eai-h military tlistrii-t, to consist of l.oOO cavalry and 4,.=>i>0 infan- try. The inspectm-s will cause elections for othcers of companies to be held, anil election ivturns to be made to these heailquartei-s immediately upon mustering com- panies into service. 'Ihe con\pany olhccrs will proceed to elect the field othiers of rcgiu\ents as soon as {possible. There has beei\ published a synopsis of the law for the oi"gani/ation oi companies, battalions, regiments, brigades, and divisions, wliieh will be folio weii in the oi-gani/ation here ordered. If the inspectors are unable to attend at all the places appointed for mustering the forces, they will give immediate notice to these headquarters, in order that i^thcei-s may be assigned to discharge the duty. " , By order of the (,\Mnmandcr in Chief: (4. R. SMrrn. Adjiitant-Gnwraf. [Ibid., p. 10.] Under date of Auu'ust ot». ISiil, an "explanatory order" was issued from the State headquarters, in which it was tnuunuu-ed that oroani/.ed reuiments of the militia, not exceedino- i:> in numher. would be per- mitted to volunteer into the service of the United States to serve for IS SIX months' mil[tia. v.) the period of three ye:ir,>; jind it ^vas further iuinouiu'ed thiit such of the niilitin iis should not enter the United States serviee would coop- erate with the Federal Cxovenunent in establisjiinsi- ])eaee in the State. Following is a copy of the explanatory order: Kxri.AX.VTORY Uin)EK\ IlEAlHiUAKTERS, JkFKKRSON ClTY, No. 2. i Angn.tt SO, ISOl. Wlien any reiiimeut is organized ami the oflicersi eoimuis^iioiied under the State \a\\\ and desire.s to vohmteer into service of the United States for tiiree years or dur- ing the war, tlie eonunandini: ottii-er will notify the adjutant-general, and a master- ing otRoer of tiie Ignited States will be detailed by the in-oper ottieer of the United States serviee to muster the regiment into serviee. This will extend to lo regiments. The troops organized under the call of the governor which do not enter the service of the United States will cooperate with the Federal CTOvermnent in establishing peace in the State. By onler oi the Conunantler in Chief: Geo. R. Smith, Adjuiant-GeneniL [Ibid., p. 10.] it does not appear that any regiment of the State militia organized under the governor's proclamation of August '2-i:, 1861, which was known as the "Six months" militia," volunteered into the United States service; and although, as stated by the adjutant-general of the State in his annual report of 18t)3 (p. 10). the people of the State responded })romptly to the call of tiie governor, the emliodied force fell far short of the mimber called for. the annual re})ort for 18(51 showing an aggregate strength of only (1.185 officers and men. [Offi- cial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III. \'ol. 1. p. ?.•:.] This militia force, as stated by the State adjutant-general, was made up almost entirely of citizens of the interior of the State, who enrolled themselves into companies for the defense of their homes and families. The service performed by them was principally that of '* scouring their counties in search of rebel camps antl rendezvous, and acting as scouts anil guides to the various bodies of volunteers then in the State." (Annual Kejiort Adjutant-CJeneral of Missouri, 18()o. p. 11.) During the latter part of 1801 and the early part of 186^ a ditferent class of militia (the force known as the " Missouri State ^Militia") was in process of organization, and the governor, linding that the '"six months" militia"" entailed great expense upon the State witlu)ut any corresponding benefit, on the 1-lth of January, 1S&2. issued an order directing its dis])andment on the :25th of the same month. Following is a copy of the order: Gexer.vi. Oriiers, ^ Me.vdqiakteks State of Missouri, |- Adjutant-Gexeral's Office, No. -. j St. Lot(i.<, Jauuan/ 14, 1S62. I. The commander in chief, in view of tlie fact that the organization of the six months" militia entails great expense upon the State without any corresponding ben- efit, ordei-s tliat this class of troops be dislianded on the 25th of "January, ISfii*. II. Commanding officers of the six months' militia will muster their commands for pay and discharge upon the 25th day of January, 18(i2, and will be prepared to deliver up all property of the State in their control, and to account for such as has been lost, consumed, ur destroyed in the service. Upon compliance with these requirements, or as soon thereafter a-sthe rc>lls can be examined, the otHcei-s and men will be paid by the State. III. Companies which shall report themselves ready for muster into the State service for the term of the war in accordance with the conditions of the agreement made between the Untted States and the governor of this State as set forth in Cien- eral Orders, No. 1, series of 1861, will be accei>ted and mustered without delay. After muster they will be subsisted, clothed, armed, and paicl by tlie United States. 20 MISSOUKI TROOPS UNION. IV. The following places are designated as points at which the six niontliH' troops will be mustered out of service on the day aV)ove named, viz, St. Joseph, Cameron, Chillieothe, Macon City, Mexico, and Louisiana. OHlcers conuiiandin^Mhese troops will maich their men to the nearest and most convenient of the above-named places in time to be present at the muster for j)ay and discharge as above ordered. By order of the Commander in Chief: Chester IlAKDixf;, Jr., . .[djutaiit-deiieyal. A small portion of tho force had been disoharg-ed previous to the issue of the order (juoted above, and a larger portion remained in serv- ice for a short period after the date fixed for its disbandnient. The six months' milititi was strictly a State force, organized and employed for the ])rotection of the lives and property of the citizens of the State of Missouri. It Avas paid l)y the- State and the State was subseijuently reimbursed by the I'nited States under the i)rovisions of the act of Cono-ress approved Ajjril IT, lSt>6, entitled '"An act to reim- burse the State of Missouri for moneys expended for the United States in enrolling', equipping, and provisioning militia forces to aid in sup- pressing the rebellion."' (14 Stat. L., pp. 38,89.) The designations of the organizations forming this militia force are given in the schedules accompanying this paper. The organizations numbered 5 regiments, 11 l)attalions, and 10 independent companies. One of the latter was designated as cavalry and one as an artillery company. Some of the organizations of the force are known to have been mounted. MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. The Missouri State Militia was a peculiar force, eiitirel}' separate and distinct from all other militia organizations of the State, and its status in the service was the subject of considerable controversy dur- ing the period of its existence. Its organization was the result of a desire on the part of the officials of the .State to place in the tield a force of State militia at the expense of the General Government (Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1863, p. 11) which should cooperate with the United States troops "in repelling the invasion of the State and supressing rebellion therein." The proposition for the organization of such a force, made to the President by the governor of the State, under direction of the State convention, was as follows: Executive Mansion, Washington, November 5, 1861. The governor of the State of Missouri, acting under the direction of the convention of that State, proposes to the Government of the United States that he will raise a military force, to serve within the State as State militia during the war there, to cooperate with the troops in the service of the United States in repelling the inva- sion of the State and suppressing rebellion therein; the said State militia to be emljodied and to be held in the camp and in the field, drilled, disciplined, and gov- erned according to the Army Regulations and subject to the Articles of War; the said State militia not to be ordered out of the State, except for the immediate defense of the State of Missouri, but to cooperate with the troops in the service of the United States in military operations within the State or necessary to its defense, and when officers of the State militia act with officers in the service of the United States of the same grade the officers of the United States service shall com- mand the combined fonre; the State militia to be armed, equipped, clothed, sub- sisted, transported, and paid l)y the United States during such time as they shall be actually engaged as an embodied military force in service, in accordance with regu- lations of the United States Army or general orders as issued from time to time. In order that the Treasury of the United States may not be burdened with the pay of unnecessary officers, the governor pi'oposes that, although the State law requires him to appoint upon the general staff an ailjutant-general, a commissary- general, an inspector-general, a quartermaster-general, a paymaster-general, and a surgeon-general, each with the rank of colonel of cavalry, yet he proposes that the Government of the United States pay only the adjutant-general, the quartermaster- general, and inspector-general, their services being necessary in the relations which would exist between the State ^Militia and the United States. The governor further proposes that, while he is allowed by the State law to appoint aides-de-camp to the governor at his discretion, with the rank of colonel, three only shall be reported to the United States for i^ayinent. He also proposes that the State Militia shall be commanded by a single major-general and by such number of brigadier-generals as shall allow one for a brigade of not less than four regiments, and that no greater number of staff officers shall be appointed for regimental, bi'igatle, and division duties than as provided for in the act of Congress of the 22d of July, LSlil; and that whatever be the rank of suchVjfficers as fixed by the law of the State, the conqien- sation that they shall receive from the United States shall only be that which belongs to the rank given by said act of Congress to officers in the United States service per- forming the same duties. 21 22 MISSOURI TROOrs UNION. Till' licld oflicei'.s of a n',t,ninrnt in the State IMilitia are one colonel, one lieutenant- colonel, and ouH" major, and the company oHicer,« are a captain, a first lieutenant, and a 8econd lieutenant. The ijovernor jiroposes that, as the money to he dishursed is the money of the United States, such staff oliicers in the service of the United States as may be neces- sary to act as disl)ursin^' oliicers for the State Militia shall be assigned by the War Department for that duty; or, if such can not be spared from their j)reseut ersons disbursint; officers for the State Militia as the President of the United States may designate. Such regulations as may he required, in the judg- ment of the President, to insure regularity of returns and to protect the United States from anv fraudulent practices shall be observed and obeved bv all in ottice in the State INIilitia. The above propositions arc accejjted on the ])art of the United States, and the Sec- retary of War is directe(l to make the necessary orders upon the Ordnance, (Quarter- master's, Commissary, Pay, and Medical Departments to carry this agreement into effect. He will cause the necessary staff oliicers in the United States service to be detailed for duty in connection with the ^lissouri State ]Militia, and will order them to make the necessary i)rovision in their respective offices for fulfilling this agree- ment. All requisitions upon the different officers of the United States, under this agreement, to be made in substance in the same mode for the 3Iissouri State ^lilitia as similar requisitions are made t^r troops in the service of the United States, and the Secretary of War will cause any additional regulations that may be necessary to insure regularity and ec(Uiomy in carrying this agreement into effect to be adopted and comnumicated to the ixovernor of Missouri for the government of the ^Missouri State Militia. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. I, pp. 618,(519.] Tho tinal paraoraph of the payxM' quoted a])ove was evidently intended by its t'ranier tor the sionatiire of the President as hisaceept- anee of the proposition made in behalf of the State authorities, but the President adopted another and a modified form of acceptance, as is shown by his own manuscript indorsement on the back of the paper. This indorsement, dated November (I. 1S61, reads as follows: [Indorsement.] NovEMUEU 6, 1861. This plan apjiroved, with tlie modification that the governor stipulates that when he commissions a majoi-general of militia it shall be the same person at the time in connnantl of the United States DepaT-tment of the West; and in case the United States shall change such connnanmmissioned brigadier-general of the Missouri State Militia, is hereby placed in command of all the militia of the State. H. W. Halleck, Major- General, Missouri State Militia. [Ibid., p. 4.] On the 29th of November, 1861, an order was issued by General Schotield assuming command of the State Militia and announcing that the organization of the "'State forces," according to the arrangement entered into between the President and the governor of ^Missouri, would be prosecuted as rapidly as possible. Following is a copv of the order: General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri Militia, Xo. 1. J St. Louis, yovemher -29, ISGl. I. In compliance with orders from Major-General Halleck, of the Missouri Militia, dated St. Louis, November 27, 1861, I hereby assume command of all the militia X)f the State. II. The organization of the State forces and their muster into service, according to the terms of the arrangement entered into l)etween the President of the United States and the governor of 3Iissouri, will be prosecuted as rapidly as possilile. Mus- tering officei-s will be appointed and rendezvous designated from time to time as circumstances mav re(|uire. III. Mustering "otiicers will be strictly guided l\v the regulations pul)lished here- with. IV. A strict observance of the Army Regulations will be required of all troops mustered into the service of the State. Ordnance, quartermaster, and subsistence stores will be i.«sued only upon requisitions, in due form, made by the proper otiicers. All otticers will be required to render their accounts promptly and accurately. V. C)tticers commanding troops now in the State service will make returns of their respective commands to the adjutant-general of the State immediately, and hereafter on the last dav of everv month. J. M. Schofield, Brigadier-General Commanding. [Ibid., p. 4.] On the same date. November 2!>, 18(>1. General Schotield published detailed instructions for the organization and nuister in of the Missouri State Militia, the preparation "and distribution of nuister-in rolls, the suV)sistence of the troops, and the issue of clothing-, camp and garrison MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 25 equipage, etc. This was done in a general order of which the follow- ing is a copy: General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, No. 2. i ^^- Louis, November 29, 1861. I. The following instrnctions are issued for the information and government of mustering officers and all others interested : II. Whenever a numl>er of individuals, between the ages of eighteen (18) and forty-tive (45) years, not less than eighty-three (83) nor more than one hundred and one"(101) shalf desire to volunteer as a company into the military service of the State, to serve for the term of during the war in the State of Missouri, from the date of organization unless sooner discharged, the inspector-general, his assistant, or some other officer designated to muster them, having been furnished with a complete roll of the men to be mustered, which he will verify by calling their naiues and be assured that all are present, and cause each and every individual to hold up his naked right liand, he will administer the following oath: "You, each and every one of you, do solemnly swear that you will honestly and faithfully serve the State of Missouri against all her enemies, and that you will do your utmost to sustain the Constitution and laws of the United States, and of this State, against all violence of whatsoever kind or description; and you do further swear that you will well and truly execute and obey the lawful orders of all officers properlv placed over you, whilst on duty, so help you God." The oath having been administered as' above, the mustering officer will then direct the company to go into an election of one captain, one first lieutenant, and one second lieutenant, and preside over (superintend) such election. The otfii'ers having been properly elected, the captain will appoint the noncommissioned officers, musicians, and a vvagoner; and the mustering officer will then muster the company into the service of the State. CAPTION OF MUSTEK ROLLS FOR MUSTER INTO SERVICE. III. Muster roll of Captain , Company (A), in the Regiment of Missouri Militia, conmianded by Colonel , called into the service of the State of Missouri by the governor, to serve for the term of during the war in Missouri from the date of organization unless sooner discharged. NUMBER OF ROLLS TO BE MADE. lY. For muster into service there will be four copies of muster rolls, viz, one for the captain, one for the Adjutant-General at Washington, one for the adjutant-general and one for the inspector-general of the State of Missouri. FILLINC; UP THE MUSTEK ROLLS. Y. In making muster rolls, give two lines to each commissioned officer, and leave a blank line between lieutenants and sergeants, between sergeants and corporals, and so of the grades lielow. YI. Number (in the marginal column only) the captain, 1; first lieutenant, 1; sec- ond Ueutenant, 1; sergeants, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; corporals, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; musicians, I, 2; wagoner, 1; privates, 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on, in alphabetical order. Every grade on any roll will commence with No. 1, and the recapitulation will show the corre- sponding number of each grade. YII. The Christian name, or the first one, as "John B. Smith," nmst, in all cases, be written in full, not the first letter of it. YIII. The mustering officer will deliver to the captain one muster roll of his com- pany; the others (three in number) will be sent to the adjutant-general of the State. IX. For periodical payments there will be six copies of the muster roll, four as above, and two for the paymaster. X. The rolls of field and staff will embrace the names of the colonel, lieutenant- colonel, major, adjutant (one of the company lieutenants), regimental quartermaster (one of the company lieutenants), surgeon, assistant surgeons, sergeant-major, regi- mental (luartermaster-sergeant, regimental commissary-sergeant, hospital steward, and two principal musicians. 2() MISSOURI TROOPS I'NIOIN^. ISSl'E OF SUBSISTKXCE STOKES. XL Returns for issues to companies will be made by the captains (see Form 13, Regulations), and, as this is the only mode by which sal)sistence stores can be issued to companies, officers should inform theD:iselves without delay. Returns for issue to companies will, when practicable, be consolidated for the regiment. (See Form 14.) ISSUES OF CLOTHING, CAMP AND (iARRISON EQl'IPACiE. XII. Requisitions for issue to companies will be made by the captains by special requisitions (see Form 40). The number and articles should be written in the body of the requisition. It is desirable that recjuisitions for clothing and requisitions for camp and garrison equipage should be separate tVtr a comi)any equipped for the first time. ISSUES OF ORDNANCE AND ORDNANCE STORES. XIII. Reijuisitions for issues to companies will he made by the captains (see Form 23). The forms referred to in this order will be found in the series of numbers, under the heads of the several departments referred to in the Revised Regulations, and blank returns will be furnished by the mustering officer. XIV. Volunteers are not to be less tiian 18 nor more than 45 years of age. Some exceptions may lie made for overage in commissioned officers, provided they be physically robust and active, and ill all other respects well ((ualified; but in this the mustering officer must exercise a sound and rigid judgment. XV. All officers and men must be sound and active, free from all malformations, defects of sight, heaiing, and diseases of any kind. J. M. SCHOFIKLI), Brigadier-General, Commanding. [Ibid., ])p. 5-7.] On December 2, 1801, additional instructions were issued, as follows: General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri Militia, iSo. 3. *i St. Louis, December :i, 1861. I. The following instructions, in addition to those published in General Orders, No. 2, from these headquarters, are issued for the government of mustering officers and all others interested: II. Immediately after a company is mustered into service the mustering officer will furnish the captain of the company with a certificate of the muster, giving the name of the captain, the number of officers, and number of enlisted men in the company, and the date of muster. III. The captains of companies will make retiuisitions for subsistence, arms and ammunition, clothing, and camp and garrison equipage upon the United States commissary, ordnance officer, and quartermaster at the nearest (or most convenient) post to the place where the troops are stationed. IV. Duplicates of reijuisitions for ordnance or quartermaster stores will be for- warded immeiliately to the adjutant-general of the State. V. ^Mustering officers will make duplicate returns (see form of monthly return) of every com]iany mustered, forwarding one copy immeiliately to the adjutant-general and one for the captain of the company. VI. All mounted companies will be received provided their horses are good and serviceable. The horses and horse equipments will be inspected and appraised as follows: VII. The nmstering officer and captains of companies will select three respectable and impartial men, good judges of the value of horses, and not members of any com- pany nor owning or having interest in any horse therein, to appraise the horses and hor.se eijuipages. The valuation will be the fair cash price at the place and time, Avhat the judges would be willing to give were they purchasing for themselves. And the assessed value for horses and horse equipments — the two separate — will be put on the muster roll opposite the owners' names, and the appraisers, being sworn by the mustering officers, will sign the certificate for that purpose on the roll of muster into service, autl the valuation will l)e continued on the subsequent rolls. VIII. Every man should l)e the owner of the horse in his use. No one belonging to the command ( conqnmy or regiment) can be the owner of, or in any manner have interest in, the horse in use of another. J. M. SCHOFIELD, Brigadier- General, Com manding. [Ibid., pp. 7,8.] MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 27 And on December 13, 1S61, further instructions were given in an order, of which the following is a copy: General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, No. 5.' i St. Lovis, December 13, 1861. The following re.sulations will be observed by post quartermasters and commissa- ries and ofRcers engaged in organizing State troops: I. Any officer authorized by tlie eommander in chief to raise troops for the State service niav enroll men and administer to them the customary oath whereby the men will bind themselves to the service of the State during the war, unless sooner discharged. II. The post quartermaster and eommissary at the nearest post to the place ^vhere the troops are organizing will issue subsistence, clothing, blankets, and camp equipage to men enrolled and sworn in, as prescribed above, upon the reipiisition of the olficer empowered to enroll and administer the oath, with a certificate showing that the men are actually in service and have not drawn any of the articles mentioned in the requisition for the time specified. III. When the number of men enrolled by any one officer shall be sufficient to constitute a company notice shall be given by such officer to the nearest mustering officer, who will, as soon as practicable, regularly organize and muster into service such company. After a company is mustered into service its subsistence will l)e drawn from a United States cominissary, as prescribed in General Orders, Nos. 2 and 3. IV. Arms will not be issued except to full companies mustered into service. All requisitions for arms must bear the certificate of the mustering officer that the company has been regularly mustered into the service, and must be sent to headquar- ters foi' the approval of the conunanding general. The supply of arms being at present somewhat less than the demand, the men entering the service will bring with them such arms as they may have or can procure for use until they can be supplied by the Government. • The supply of arms will very soon be ample. V. Post commissaries will not issue the full rations prescribed by the United States Army Regulations, but a sufficiency of good, wholesome food, such as meat, flour or corn meal, and potatoes, which can be purchased near the post at moderate prices. The men are to be supplied, after being enrolled and until mustered into service by companies, with the necessary amount of food for their health and comfort at the least possible expense to the State; after l)eing mustered, the United States will fur- nish full rations. By order of J. INI. Schofield, brigadier-general, commanding: C. W. IMarsh, Assistant Adjutant-General. [Ibid., pp.9, 10.] By an act of Congress approved February 13, 186^, entitled "An act making appropriation for completing the defenses of Washington, and for other purposes,'' it was provided: Sec. S. And he It further enacted, That no volunteers or militia from any State or Territory shall be mustered into the service of the United States on any terms or conditions confining their service to the limits of said State or Territory, or their vicinities, beyond the nund^er of 10,000 in the State of Miasouri and 4,500 in the State of Maryland, heretofore authorized by the President of the United States, or Secretary of War, to be raised in said States. * " * * * * * * Approved, February 13, 1862. [12 Stat. L., p. 339.] On April 1, 186'2. the numl)er of men enlisted "for the State service" having reached the limit authorized by law, General Schotield issued the following order: General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, No. 8. J St. Louis, Mo., April 1, 1862. The number of men enlisted for the State service having reached the limit author- ized by Congress, all recruiting will cease excepting such as may he necessary to complete the following organizations, viz: Colonels Hall and Penick, St. Joseph, Mo., 20 companies infantry and cavalry; Colonel :McFerran, Gallatin, Mo., 10 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant- 28 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. CdIuiicI C'atluTwood, Cameron, Mo., 6 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant- Colonel Kiiitr, C^liillicothe, Mo., 8 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant-Colonel Crane, Alexandria, Mfi., S companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant-Colonel Guitar, Columbia, Mo., 8 conipanie.s infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant-C'olonel Gil- Htrap, Hudson, Mo., 6 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant-Colonel Lips- cond), Palmyra, Mo., 6 companies; Lieutenant-Colonel Neville, Chillicothe, Mo., 4 companies; Lieutenant-Colonel Smart, Louisiana, Mo., 6 companies; Colonel MctUurii, Lime Creek, Mo., 10 companies; Colonel Philips, Georgetown, Mo., 6 com- panies infantry; at Springfield, Mo., 6 companies infantry; at Ironton, Mo., 3 com- panies infantry; at Kansas City, Mo., — companies infantry; at Jefferson City, Mo., 2 companies infantry; at Greenville, Mo., 2 coin])anies infantry; at Boonville, Mo., 6 comjianics. Whenever the luunher of parts of companii-s nuLstered for a particular battalion or regiment is greater than the nund)er of full companies allowed, the ])arts must be united so as to redui'C the nund)er to tiie limit. Unassigned recruits will be dis- tributed among tlie various companies. AN'hen a company is formed of two parts already mustered in, with first lieutenants, in the election of captain the company will be restricted to a choice between the two lieutenants. By order of Brigadier-General Schofield: C. W. ]\L\RSH, Asxistavt Adjittaut-d'ciierdL [Book No. 92;;, I)ei>artment of the Missouri, pp. 20,21.] Notwithstandiiiu- the restriction.s imposed in General Schotield's order, the enlistments for the Missouri State Militia reached an aggre- gate of more than 13,0(H>, and it became necessary to reduce the force to the limit prescribed by law. Accordingly, on the lOth of Ma}", 18()2, a circular order was issued by General Schotield, of which the following is a copy: CiHcui.Ai;.] HEAi>QrARTERs Missoi'Ri State Militia, St. Louis, Mo., May 16, 1862. The act of Coiigress winch authorizes the governor of the State of Missouri to raise a force of State militia to serve during the war, to be disciplined and governed, armed, equipped, clothed, subsisted, transported, and paid by the United States, in acconlance with the regulations of the United States Army, also provided that this foi'ce shall not exceed in number 10,000. The deinity paymaster of the Department liaving received orders not to pay over the number provided by the act referred to, it is desirable that the fori'e now in the service of the State shall be reduced to the limit jtrescribed liy law. In this view the conunanding ofiicers of regiments and battalions are instructed, ajid medical othcers are directed, to have the men of their conunands critically examined as to their physical ability and furnish certificates of disability for all such as are found to be incapable of ])erforming tlie duties of a soldier in camjt and in the field. And conunanding otticers will report to these headquarters all such men as ai'e, from insulxirdinate and disorderly conduct, habitual drunkenness, or from any cause, unfit for the service, that thev mav sununarilv be discharged bv the connnander in chief. By order t)f Brigadier-! ieneral Schotield: C. W. ]\L\RSH, Aifnixiaiit Adintatii-deticral. [Ibid., p. 28.] There was some cU'lay in the reduction of the force to the authorized limit, which, in connection with the excess in the number of enlist- ments, was the subject of a report by the War Department in response to a Senate resolution. Following is a copy of the report: War Dei'art.mext, WasJiiiigton City, February 16, 1S6S. lion. IIanxusal IIa.mi.i.v, Vice-President of tlw I'nited States. Sir: In reply to the resolution of the Senate of the 16th ultimo, calling for infor- nnition as to whether "the limitation in the third section of the act to authorize the State of -Missouri to raise 10,000 troops for local defense, ai>}»roved February lo, 1862, has been exceeded, and if so, by whose authority such excess has been allowed," I MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 29 have the honor to transmit herewith a letter from the Adjntant-deneral, of the 14th instant, inclosing a report upon this su))jeet, of date the 6th instant, from the acting adjutant-general of Missouri. I am, sir, verv respectfully, your obedient servant, Edwin M. Stanton, Secretarij of War. [Inelosiire.] War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, Washington, February 14, 1863. Hon E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War. Sir: In answer to a call of the Senate, of date the 16th ultimo (copy herewith), in relation to troops for local defense in the State of Miss(iuri, and which was referred to this office for report, I have the honor to submit a communication from the adjutant-general of Missouri, of date the 6th instant, which supplies the information asked for. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. I). Towxseni), ^lxsist((iit Adjntant- General. [Suliinc'losure.] Headquarters State of Missouri, Adjutant-General's Office, St. Louis, February 6, 1863. Col. Thomas M. Vincent, Assistant Adjutant- General, Wasliington, D. C. Sir: I am directed by his excellency the govenor, in answer to your communica- tion of the 26th ultimo relative to the excess of troops raised by Missouri for local defense, to reply as follows: Previous to the act of Congress limiting the number of troops to 10,000, Governor Gamble had made an arrangement with the President whereby he was authorized to raise (not being limited to any specific nund)er) a military force, to be armed, equipped, clothed, subsisted, transported, and paid by the United States during such time as they should be actually engaged as an embodied military force in service. (See Senate Ex. Doc. No. (5, "Thirty-seventh Congress, second session, and General Orders, No. 96, War Department, series 1861.) In accordance with this agreement the organization of this force was commenced in November, 1861 (see co})y of General Orders, No. 1, Headquarters State Militia, November 25, 1861, herewith inclosed, marked A"") , and authority given to parties to recruit for companies and regiments all over the State, and at the time of the passage of the act of Congress limiting the nund:)er to be raised over 13,000 men were enlisted. Preparations were immediately made by the governor, on the receipt of the order limiting the number, to muster out the surplus; and this was being done when the following communication was receivetl from the Adjutant-General. "Adjutant-General's Office, ^'Washington, June 23, 1862. "His Excellency the Governor of Missouri, '■St. Louis, Mo. " Sir: It having been represented at this office that some three regiments of State militia have been raised in your State in excess of the number authorized by Con- gress, I am instructed to inform you that these extra troops will be received into the general service of the United States, provided such is their wish. If they do not desire to come into the general service they will be disl)anded. "I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, "L. Thomas, Adjutant-General." An order was immediately issued to the commanding officers of regiments (copy inclosed, marked C) directing a report to be made to these headquarters of those who desired to be mustered into the United States service. Through their command- ing officers the troops expressed an unwillingness to enter .the service as United States volunteers. The governor then ordered that the surplus force be disbanded, but Brig. Gen. J. M. Schofield, then commanding the District of Missouri, protested against it on the ground of the small force of Ignited States troops in his command and the threaten- »Here omitted; but see pp. 23, 24. 30 MISSOURI TROOPS— UNION. ing aspect of affairs in the State at that time; and the governor, at the request of the general coiiunanding, telegraphed to the War Department informing the authorities of iiis intention to dis))and the s^urphis, and also the reasons urged by General Scho- held that it siiould not l)e done, and received a reply from the (General in Chief of the Army, of uliich tin- following is a copy: "Washington, D. C, August Jo, 1862. "His Excellency (iovkknok Gamble: "The Secretary of War consents to your retaining in service the surplus militia, at least for the present; that all preparation should be made for the draft, and the ques- tion of posti)onement will be decided hereafter. "II. W. Halleck, (hnwral in Chief." The foregoing is the authority by which the surplus militia Vas retained in service during the time the necessity existed for it. As soon as the exigencies of the service would admit orders were issued to reduce the force to the i)roper number, and by the last consolidated return (for December) forwarded from tliis ottice the aggregate is 10,370. An order will be issued in a few days breaking up four of the regiments and dis- tributing the companies among the other regiments to bring them to the standard of twelve companies each, as required by act of Congress approved July 17, 1862, and General Orders, No. 126, War Department, 1861. I am, colonel, verv resi)ectfullv, vour obedient servant, Wm. D. Wood, Colonel and Aide-de-Camj), Acting Adjntant-^ouri State INlilitia and its reorganization into reoiments of 12 companies each, under the provisions of the act oi^ Congress approved ^\\\\ 17. 1862, the adjutant-oeneral of the State said in his annual report of 1863 (p. 49)": The resolution of Congress which confirmed the agreement between your excel- lency and the President in reference to the raising of the "Missouri State Militia," provided that the force should not exceed 10,000 men; and as the numl)er which was enlisted i)rior to .June, 18B2, had exceeded that amount by some 3,000, and as the only reductions during that year had been such as are incident to the ordinary cas- ualties of the service, and a muster out of a portion of the Eleventh (^avalry, ^Missouri State Militia, upon its consolidation with the Second and a portion of the Plrst and Second battalions, and, furthermore, as orders from the Wnv Department had been issued requiring that all cavalry regiments should consist of 12 companies, it became necessary that a ]>lan of consolidation shoulil be adopted in conformity thereto. With this view, the following order was issued, and, with the exception of so much of it as refers to the breaking up and distriiiution of the Fifth Regiment and tiie transfer of Captain Burris's company, was carried into effect: "Here omitted. See Thomas to governor of INIissouri, June 23, 1862, p. 29. MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 31 "General Ordeks, ] "Headquarters State op Missouri, V "Adjutant-General's Office, "No. 5. j "St. Louis, February 2, 1863. "I. In compliance with an act of Congress, 'approved July 17, 1862,' and General Orders, No. 126, series 1862, from the War Department, the following consolidation of the regiments composing the Missouri State Militia, organized under General Orders, No. 96, War Department, series 1861, are announced for the information of all concerned: "First. The Third Regiment of Cavalry, M. S. M., is hereby broken up, and the 10 companies belonging to the same will be attached and distributed as follows: ' Four companies to be attached and one company to be distributed among the Sixth Cavalry, M. S. M. " B'our companies to be attached and one company to be distributed among the Seventh Cavalry, ]\I. S. M. "Second.' The Fifth Regiment of Cavalry, M. S. jVI., is hereby broken up, and the 10 companies belonging to the same will be attached and distributed as follows: "Three companies to be attached and two comimnies to be distributed among the First Cavalry, M. S. M. "Four companies to be attached and one company to I )e distributed among the Ninth Cavalry, M. S. M. "Third. The Twelfth Regiment of Cavalry, M. S. M., is hereby broken up, and the 8 companies belonging to the same will be attached ami distributed as follows: "Three companies to be attached to the Tenth Cavalry, ]M. S. M. "Three companies to be attached and two companies to be distributed among the Thirteenth Cavalry, M. S. M." The Fifth Regiment, Colonel Penick, was subsequently mustered out of service, as was also the remainder of the Second Battalion; thus the force was reduced to the limit mentioned above. It may here be remarked that but one organization of the Missouri State Militia (the Schotield Light Artillery) was ''received into the general service of the United States'" under the invitation extended in the War Department letter of June 23, 1862, (juoted above in the report of the Secretary of War to the President of the Senate. As was to be expected from the peculiar character of the Missouri State Militia, a question soon arose as to its status in the service. If it was a military force in the service of the State of ^Missouri, the gov- ernor of the State was authorized to remove its officers, but if it was in the military service of the United States, the President alone could exercise the power of dismissal. The right to the extra pay subse- quently provided by Congress for officers of the volunteer forces who should serve to the close of the war, the rights of Ijoth officers and enlisted men to pension, and the rights of enlisted men to the bounties provided by law for enli.stments and reenlistments in the United States service were also involved. The question was first brought to the attention of the United States military authorities by Governor Gam- ble in a letter to Major-General Halleck, dated September 22, 1862. That letter and the ensuing correspondence between the governor and the General in Chief are here quoted: Headquarters Missouri State Militia, St. Loui% September 22, 1862. Major-General Halleck. General: I see that questions are about to arise here with some of the United States officers which you can settle without difficulty before they assume an unpleas- ant aspect. You know the character of the force which I raised as State militia under my arrangement with the President. Besides that force I have proceeded to enroll the entire militia of the State. As yet you are the major-general of the State militia. General Schofield was com- missioned brigadier-general of the State militia, and the command was by your order assigned to him. At that time there was no other militia organization than the troops organized under the arrangement with the President. 32 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. Brigadier-General Davidson is now in command of the St. l^ouis District. He is an officer of volunteers, hut not of the State militia. He claims tlie right to com- mand the enrolled militia and to oi'der them into service, they not now being in actual service. Questions arise in respect l)oth to the force organized under my arrangement with the President and the mass of militia enrolled. I assert tiiat the force I raised under my arrangement with the President is a State force and not a United States force. The document lileil in the AVar Department signed l)y the President will determine this. Tliat document provides that the force to be raised shall be ordered to cooperate with the troops in the service of the Unitetl States, and determines what officer shall conunand the (•ond)ined force. The Presi- dent in making the agreement stipulated that the connnanding general of the depart- ment should be comnnssioned by the governor major-general of the State nnlitia. These provisions as well as the whole tenor of the paper show the understanding of the i)arties to l)e that the force was to be a State force, and it was only to prevent a possible dithculty that the unity in the command was provided for by making the same officer the general of ))oth descriptions of forces. I call your attention to this question now, not l)ecause any difficulty has arisen, but to prevent its occurrence. *«*♦** « Very respectfullv, your obedient servant, H. R. Gamble. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series HI, Vol. II, p. 579.] Washix(;ton, September 27, 1862. His Excellencj' Governor Gamble, St. Louis. Governor: Yours of the 22d in relation to command of volunteers and militia officers is received. I am informed that the General Government has uniformly acted on the ground that the clause of the Constitution (Art. I, sec. 8, p. 15) respecting the "appointment of officers and the authority of training the militia" refers only to the officers of the organization under which they are brought into the service of the United States, and that the commanding or "governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States" belongsto the Federal Government; or, in other words, may be "prescribed by Congress." For example, when the militia of a State is called into the service of the United States by regiments, the regimental officers must be appointed by the State; so when called in by l)rigades, the brigade officers must also be so appointed. But it by no means follows that these regiments or brigades when once in the service are to be commanded always and only by officers so apjiointed. On the contrary, such organizations are to be "governed" orcommanded as may be prescribed by Congress; oi-, in the absence of any law on that subject, as may be directed l)y the President as Commander in Chief, always in conformity with the connnon law of military usage. Thus, regiments of militia mustered into the service of the United States would be under the orders of a brigade commander of proper rank designated by law or by the President. The act of July 17, 1862, conforms to the foregoing view of the constitutional pro- vision and to the uniform ])rattice of the Government. Section 2 of that act provides that the n)i]itia when called into service "shall be organized in the mode prescribed l)y law for volunteers" — that is, the organization must be l)y batteries and regiments; and the offic-ers of such batteries and regiments are to Ije appointed by the States, Imt the brigade, division, and army corps commanders are to be appointed by the President. A fannliar and effective mode of testing the correctness of any construction of a constitutional or legal provision is to consider the consequences of a different one. Let us suppose that nulitia in the service of the United States can be commanded only by officers apjiointed by the States, for this matter of command is the real ques- tion involved. Suppose a single l)attery, liattalion, or regiment of militia l)e called into service. It could, under this view, be conunanded only by officers of the State in which it was raised. It nnght be attached to a brigade, division, or army corps of regulars or volunteers, luxt the generals of such commands could give it no orders. No use could be made of it until the particular State appointed an officer of higher rank than the commander of the corps and the Ignited States mu.'^tered him into serv- ice. Again, suppose there are 10 regiments from different States in the same corps, there nmst be 10 distinct and independent commanders to that corps, for the appoint- ment must be l)y the States, respectively, and an officer apjiointed by one State can not command the nulitia of another State while in the service of the United States. MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 33 It can hardly be supposed that the framers of the Constitution intended to authorize the use of tlie State mihtia in the service of the United States and at the same time to put such restrictions upon that use as to render it impossible. Let us now put this question to a practical test. The President, under the author- ity of the law of July 17, has called for a draft of 300,000 men from the militia of the loyal States. The men so drafted are to be organized into regiments by the several States and mustered into the service of the United States by regiments as organized and officered by the States respectively. What is to be done with these militia regi- ments when so mustered into the service of the United States? The law contem- plates that they are to be used the same as any other troops in the United States and to be assigned to brigades, divisions, and army corps under regular or volunteer com- manders legally appointed by the President of the United States. But if State mili- tia can be commanded only by officers appointed by the States, respectively, we have twenty or thirty separate and independent organizations, which can not be made to act in conjunction, and which are bound to obey only the orders of the officers appointed by their own State. Could anyone imagine a more perfect state of mili- tary anarchy? Troops in the service of the United States, paid and subsisted by the United States, and yet not "governed" or commanded by tlie United States ! Such a construction of the Constitution opens to us the shortest possible road to dissolution and anarchy. I have no doubt that the practice of the Government in regard to the militia in the service of the United States is in perfect accordance with the constitu- tional provision referred to, and that a battery, battalion, or regiment of militia when mustered into service can be commanded by any officer of proper rank appointed by the United States. In regard to rank, the Army Regulations are very specific. Paragraph 9 provides that officers commissioned by the United States rank officers of like grade commis- sioned by a State. Adopting this view of the general question, we will now examine how far the terms of the authority given by the President to the governor of Missouri to raise militia for the service of the United States excepts such forces from the general rule of com- mand while in such service. This authority does not prescribe how this militia force was to be received into the service of the United States, but it was in fact, under the orders of the War Department, received by companies and regiments; and when four regiments were received, the governor appointed a brigadier-general and ])rigade staff officers. It seems to have been the intention that when these troops were brigaded they should have their own brigade commanders, and also that they should be sub- ject to the general command only of the commander of that department. But it also seems to have been understood that this militia force might be used in other ways than as separate and distinct brigades and regiments and that the exigencies of the service might require parts of it to serve in conjunction with other troops when the militia officers were to be commanded by United States officers of the same grade. In fact, this militia force has never served in the field by brigades, but by regiments and companies or detachments, and where they act in a district or at a post or in campaign "in conjunction" with other troops they must be commanded by the officer highest in rank, whether he be a militia officer or not. But you draw a distinction between a general of the Regular Army and of volun- t'eers in regard to his right to command the Missouri Militia when acting in conjunc- tion with other troops. I do not think that such a distinction was intended by the President's order, both regulars and volunteers being component parts of the Army. If not so intended, it could not be admitted on the general rule as to command. In regard to the other point presented in your letter, I agree with you that the connnanding officer of a military district can assume no command over the enrolled State militia until the same is brought into the service of the United States. Ver)^ respectfully, your obedient servant, , II. W. Halleck, Genernl in Chief [Ibid., pp. 591-593.] Headquarteks of the Ak.my, Washington, October 3, 1862. His Excellency H. R. Gamble, Governor of Missouri, St. Louis. Governor: Col. Albert Jackson, of the Twelfth Regiment of Cavalry, Missouri State Militia, has appealed to the Secretary of War against the order of your excel- lency revoking his commission and discharging him from service. This case has raised an important question in regard to the authority of the governors of States over the parts of the militia of those States which are received into the service of the S. Doc. 412 3 34 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. United States. The whole matter has been (hily considered, ami I am directed to convey to you the views of the Department. As stated in my letter to you of the 27th ultimo, it is believed that the Constitution has given to Conjjressthe entire "governinji" of the State militia while in the service of the United States. The control of a State over that \ydvt of its militia which enters the service of the United States ceases the moment it is nmstered into that service. It is then governed by the laws of the United States. By these laws and by the Regu- lations of the Army, made in pursuance of an act of Congress, the power to try, pun- ish, or dismiss an othcer of State militia in the service of the United States is vested in the President and in certain otticers of the United States. No such power has been given to a governor of a State over such trooj)s. The act of ('ongress regulating the government of militia in the service of the United States places them on the same footing as to government or command as volunteers. A militia officer in service, therefore, can be discharged from the service only by the President or those acting under his authority. A State governor can till the vacancy so created, but he can not himself create the vacancy. This, I think, will be admitted to be the general rule under the law. Does the authority conferred by the President on the governor of Missouri except the militia of that State in the service of the United States from the operation of this rule? That document says: "It (the militia) is to be held in camps and in the field, drilled, disciplined, and governed, according to the Regulations of the United States Army and subject to the Articles of War." Again, "They shall be considered as disl^anded from the service of the United States whenever the President shall so direct." During such time as they shall be actually engaged as an embodied force in active service, "and they are to be armed, equipped, clothed, subsisted, transported, and paid by the United States." The War Department is of opinion that the militia of Missouri which have been mustered into service under this authority and not disbanded or mustered out by direction of the President are in "the service of the United States," and that they must be "governed" as prescribed by Congress for militia so in service, except where otherwise stipulated in the si:)ecial authority given to the governor of Missouri. It is stiijulated that the governor is authorized to ap{>oint certain officers of such mili- tia; but he is nowhere authorized to try, punish, and discharge or otherwise "gov- ern" and "discipline" the officers of the State militia while in the service of the United States. This can be done only in the manner prescribed, and by the officers designated, in the Rules and Articles of War and in the Regulations of the United States Army. The Secretary of War has therefore decided that your order discharging Colonel Jackson from the service of the United States was given without authority of law. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. Halleck, General in Chief. [Ibid., pp. 646,(547.] St. Louis, October 10, 1862. Major-General Halleck, (kneral in Chief. General: I have received your letter of the 27th of September, in answer to mine of the 22d. I delayed a reply until the receipt of yours of the 3d instant rendered a reply necessary. I confess that upon reading yours of the 27th September [ which has been published in the newspapers) I was greatly surprised at its contents. In my letter, to which it purports to t)e an answer, I had sjwken of a particular body of troops raised l)y me under an agreement with the President and referring you to the terms of that agree- ment. I asked the (piestson whether they were to be regarded as State troops or United States troops. I asserted that they were State troojis. In your answer you proceed to show that militia called into the service of the United States are to be officered by the State according to the organizations called for, but may be com- manded by officers of a higher grade or higher organization belonging to either the regular or volunteer service of the United States; that is, if the call upon the State be for regiments the State authorities commission the officers of the regiments, but the brigade connnanders are designated by the President under the law. The prin- ciple you assume would, in its application to a call for militia by brigades, allow the State authorities to appoint brigadiers, leaving division commanders to be designated by the President. You i)roceeil at great length to show the great inconveniences, if not absurdities, resulting from any other rule for the command of the militia in the service of the United States, and, finally, you apply the rule to the particular fon-e about which I asked the question by assuming that the force is in the service of the United Slates. MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 35 The surprise })ro(Iuced by your reply, general, was not on account of the novelty of your positions, but on at-count of their utter irrelevancy to the question which 1 had submitted to your consideration. I never doubted the authority of United States generals to command regiments of militia called into the service of the United States as regiments. My question concerned a special corps of mihtia raised under a special agreement with the President, in relation to which I sought no other advan- tage than that the expense should be borne by the United States, because the State could not meet it. It was but natural that I should expect that my question — whether this corps raised under the agreement is a United States force or a State force — should be answered by an examination and construction of the written agreement. That agreement is in the form of a proposal by the governor to raise a force of State militia for the declareil purpose of cooperating with the troops in the service of the United States in repelling invasion and suppressing insurrection within the State. The purpose of cooperating with troops in the service of the United States clearly indicates that the force to be raised is not itself in that service. Moreover, it is stipu- lated that the force to be raised " shall be ordered by the governor to cooperate with the troops in the service of the Unitf'd States in military operations." Can it have been the understanding of the parties that this force, which was to cooperate with the troops in the service of the United States, and was to be ordered by the governor thus to cooperate, was itself to be in the service of the United States? It is impossible to believe it. It is provided that in case of such union of the two descriptions of forces " the combined force " shall be commanded by the United States officer. Are the two forces, thus combined, both in the service of the United States? If so, what is the sense of the stipulation? The force to be raised by the governor as State milita is "to be held in the camp and in the field, drilled, disciplined, and governed according to the Army Regula- tions and subject to the Articles of War." If the force is to be in the service of the United States this is all solemnly expressed nonsense, because the Regulations and Articles of War would be the law for its government without any such stipulation. But the clause has meaning and force when we find in the militia ordinance of the State the provision " that when the militia shall be called into the actual service of the State the officers and men shall be subject to the same Rules and Regulations and Articles of War that govern the armies of the United States." The document announces to the President the rule by which the contemplated force is to be governed, while the government is still to be by the State authorities under their own law. Again, the instrument provides that the troops to be raised "shall be armed, equipped, clothed, subsisted, transported, and paid l)y the United States." It is suggested that the parties making the agreement knew that troops in the service of the United States would be armed, equijiped, clothed, i)aid, etc., by the United States, as a matter of course, witliout any stipulation to that effect, and that there- fore this stipulation was inserted for the reason that the force to be raised, being a State force, needed this stipulation to be secure in respect to their pay, etc. In other words, this part of the agreement shows that the parties considered the force a State force and not a United States force, and that therefore this was a necessary provision in the contract. The provision for paying certain officers on the general State staff by the United States, because they were necessary in the relations which this force was to sustain to the United States, proves beyond doubt that the force was not to sustain the rela- tion to the (xovernment borne by troops in its service. The provision ' ' that because the money to be disbursed was to be money of the United States, therefore such staff officers in the service of the United States as may be necessary to act as disbursing officers for the State militia shall be assigned by the War Department for that duty, or, if they can not be spared from their present duty, the governor will appoint such persons disl)ursing officers for the State militia as the President may designate," }>roves beyond doulit that this was not to be a United States force. The President never would have consented to have his disbursing officers app()intens, which I could not do if the troops were in the service of the United States. I have constantly acted upon the belief that they are State troops. Yet I have had no personal feeling in the matter, and if to-day it were deemed best to risk dis- turbing them in their operations against the enemy by [proposing to them to be mus- tered into the service of the United States, I have not the slightest objection to their being so mustered with their consent. In whatever service they now are they have kept the promise I made to the Presi- dent when we made the agreement, and in any service which they may enter hereafter they will be active, gallant soldiers. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. R. Gamble. [Ibid., pp. 658-S62.] MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 37 [Unofficial.] WASHiN(iTON, October 30, 1862. His Excelleney Governor (tambi.e, St. Louis. Governor: Your letter of the 10th is just received and will be submitted to the Secretary of War for his directions, should he decide to give it an official answer. I write this mainly as a i^ersonal explanation. My letter of September 27, in answer to yours of the 22d, was written by direction of the Secretary of War and ordered by him to be pul^lished as a general answer to claims raised in other States in regard to the command of the nine months' militia, then l)eing organized under the law of the last Congress. It would not have been published, but for this circumstance. In regard to the views expressed in my letter of the od instant, I must confess there was some doubt in my mind in regard to the projier construction to be given to the "agreement" referred to. That (locument seemed to have been drawn up for the piirpose of confusing rather than of clearing up this question of command. It certainly looks two ways. It says distinctly that the troops to be raised under it are to be in the service of the United States, and yet in other paragraphs it seems to consider them as in the service of the State. I should suppose from reading it that it was worded expressly to dodge the question and to provide certain exjiedients to pi-event its ever coming up, but like most attempts at dodge it only increased the difficulties of deciding a question which is coming up all the time and must be decided one way or the other. The whole matter was thoroughly discussed, the ' ' agreement ' ' being read paragraph by paragraph and considered with regard to its legal meaning and effect. The con- clusions arrived at were those which I was directed to communicate to you. Perhaps they are right, and perhaps not. I don't think it will make much difference anyway so far as you and I are concerned. 1 am very certain that it will not, for I know that we can cordially cooperate. If left to me, your action will, in all cases, be con- firmed, for I know that you will do nothing which is not right and just. ******* I owe vou many thanks, governor, for your kind courtesies, and am, truly yours, H. W. Halleck. [Il)id., pp. 703, 704.] [Unofficial.] St. Louis, November 4, 1862. Major-General Halleck. General: I have just received your letter of the 30th October, and I am gratified to learn that your former letters of the 27th of September and 3d of October were the expression of the opinions of others rather than your own. I say this, general, because I thought it impossible that you could mistake the meaning of my agreement with the President, particularly when the general order from the War Department for the organization of the State militia had over and over again called them "State forces." But you seem to think that the agreement had been designedly made ambiguous upon the question of the character of the force. This is a mistake. I drew the instrument myself, and whatever obscurity there may })e was introduced by some interpolations made by Colonel Scott, Assistant Secretary of War, after the instrument as I drew it had been approved and indorsed by the President. While I was aston- ished, as an old lawyer would naturally be, by what I regarded as an imprudent act of a subordinate, I did not object, because the alterations did not affect the scope and meaning of the instrument. I concur in the opinion that between us there would never arise any difficulty growing out of a difference in our construction of the paper, Ijecause I am sure that you will never susjiect me of having any concealed purpose of self-aggrandizement. Would to God it were possible for those in power to conceive of a man acting from perfectly unselfish patriotism. ******* Very truly, yours, IT. R. Gamble. [Ibid., pp. 735, 736.] 38 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. The controversy between the War Department and the governor of Missouri tinally reached the President, who. on November 29, 1802, thus addressed the AttornevrGeneral: ExEciTivE Mansion, ]Vashiiu/ion, yoveinbcr 29, 1862. Honorable Attorney-General. My Dear Sir: Few things perplex me more than this question between Governor Gamble and the War Department as to whether the peculiar force organized by the former in Missouri are "State troops" or "United States troops." Now, this is either an immaterial or a mischievous question. First, if no more is desired than to have it settled what name the force is to be called by, it is immaterial. Secondly, if it is desired for more than the iixing a name, it can only be to get a position from which to draw practical inferences. Tlien it is mischievous. Instead of settling onedispute by deciding the question, I should merely furnish a nest full of eggs for hatching new disputes. I believe the force is not strictly either "State troops" or "United States troops." It is of mixed character. I therefore think it is safer, when a practical question arises, to decide that question directly and not indirectly by deciding a general abstraction supposed to include it and also including a great deal more. Without dispute Governor Gamble appoints the oflicers of this force and fills vacancies when they occur. The question now practically in dispute is. Can Governor Gamble make a vacancy by removing an officer or accepting a resignation? Now, while it is proper that this question should be settled, I do not perceive why either Governor Gamble or the Government here should care which way it is settled. I am perplexed W'ith it onlv because there seems to be pertinacity about it. It seems to me that it might be either way without injury to the service, or that the offer of the Secretary of War to let Governor Gamble make vacancies and he (the Secretary) to ratify the making of tiaem ought to be satisfactory. Yours, truly, A. Lincoln. [Ibid., pp. 882, 88.3.] No report of the Attorney-General on the question in dispute has been found of record, })ut the question as to the authority to accept resignations and dismiss officers was determined by the President him- self, in an order from the War Department issued by his direction, from his own manuscript. This order was reproduced in a general order from the headquarters of the State of Missouri, of which the fol- lowing is a copy: General Orders, ") Headquarters State of Missouri, I Adjutant-General's Office, No. 1. J 'SY. Louu, Mo., Januanj 6, 1863. The following special order, received from the War Department, is pul)lished for the information of all concerned: " Special Orders, \ "War Department, Ad.jutant-General's Office, "No. 416. I ''Wushhigton, Decemher 28, 1862. " By direction of the President, it is ordered that His Excellency Governor Gamble may, in his discretion, remove .from office all officers of the peculiar military force organized by hiin in ^lissouri (except the major-general, in regard to whom special provision isalready made), and he may accept resignations tendered by such officers, he notifying this Department of each such acceptance, when his action thereon will be confirmed, and his previous action in similar cases is hereby confirmed. "By order of the Secretarv (if War: " L. Thomas, Adjutant-deneral. "Official. "E. D. Townsend, ^^Amsta n t A djutant- General. ' ' The removals from office in the Missouri State Militia which have been heretofore made bv the governor are thus relieved from all question, and will acci^rdingly have full effect, except in such cases where the governor has revoked the orders of remf>val. All resignations and recommendations will be forwarded by commanding oflicers of regiments, [Missouri State Militia, through brigade and division headquarters to the headquarters of the commanding general of the department, whence they will be forwarded, with his indorsement, to the governor for his action. MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 39 No action will be taken on resignations or appointments which are not transmitted in the manner prescribed above. By order of the Commander in Chief: William D. Wood, Acting Adjutant- General. [J282,;V. S.,1862.] The question as to the status of these troops was again raised in 1864, when they were apph-ing for the bounties pa3"able by Liw for enlist- ments in'^the Unitecf States service, and it was then decided by the Secretary of War, concurring in the opinion of the Solicitor of the War Department, that they were ''militia of the State of Missouri and not a part of the regular or volunteer forces of the United States," and therefore not entitled to bounty under their original enlistments. The text of the Solicitor's opinion is as follows: War Department, Washington City, March 24, 1864- Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War. Sir: In answer to your inquiry, "what bounty, if any, the Missouri State Militia, or recruits for the same, are entitled to, who have been mustered into the United States service for three years, unless sooner discharged (under provisions contained in General Orders, No. 96, of 1861, from the Adjutant-i-ieneral's Office)," I have the honor to reply that the forces referred to were a body of State militia raised by the governor of Missouri, by authority of the general orcler above referred to, to serve during the war, to cooperate with the troops in the service of the United States in repelling the invasion of the State of Missouri and in suppressing rebellion therein, to be governed by the regulations of the United States Army, subject to the Articles of War, but not to be ordered out of the State of Missouri, except for the immediate defense of the said State. The general order above referred to further provides: "The State forces thus authorized will be, during such time as they shall be actually engaged as an embodied military force in active service, armed, equipped, clothed, subsisted, transported, and jmid'by the United States in accordance with the regu- lations of the United States Army and such orders as may from time to time be issued from the War Department, and in no other manner; and they shall be considered as disbanded from the service of the United States whenever the President may direct." The Missouri State Militia, therefore, were, in the language of the order, "State forces," or militia of the State, bound to serve as such during the war, to cooperate with the troops in the service of the United States in repelling invasion and putting down rebellion in their own State, with provision that when such State militia should be engaged in active service they were to be armed, equipped, subsisted, and paid by the United States, but they w"ere not to be ordered out of the State for general service, and they were to be disbanded from the service of the United States (but not from the service of the State) whenever the President might so direct. They are therefore militia of the State of Missouri, and not a part of the regular or vokmteer forces of the United States. Their right to bounty does not depend upon the degree of merit or efficiency of their public services. They are entitled only to what the acts of Congress secure to them. This inquiry does not relate to pensions nor allowances for reenlistments. The statute\jf the United States passed July 22, 1861, section 5, provides that "any volunteer nonconnnissioned officer, private, musician, and artificer who enters the service of the United States under this act shall have" certain jmy and allowances; "and, in addition thereto, if he shall have served for a period of two years or during the war, if sooner ended, the sum of ?100;" and the statute, chapter 24, of 1861, section 5, secures to the men enlisted in the regular forces the same bounties as those allowed, or to be allowed, to the volunteer forces. By statute passed July 22 [5], 1862, chapter 133, section 6, one-quarter part of this bounty may be paid immediately after enlistment to every soldier of the regular and volunteer forces thereafter enlisted. The statute passed July 17, 1862, chapter 201, section 3, gives to men volunteering for nine months a bounty of $25, to be paid when their company or regiment is mus- tered into service, and section 4 of the same statute authorizes the acceptance of vol- unteers for twelve inontlis to fill up regiments of infantry then in the United States service; and these recruits, when mustered in, are to be in all respects on the same 40 MISSOURI TKOOPS UNION. footing; as siniilar ti'Dops in the United States service, except as to service bounty, wliich shall be $50, one-half to be paid upon their joining their rciriments and tiie other half at the expiration of their enlistment. In all these enactments there appears to be no provision for payment of service bounty to State militia. The statute pas.sed Jidy 29, ISBl, chapter 25, authorizes the President of the United States to call into service the militia of the States in cer- tain I'ascs, and in section 3 provides that the nulitia so called into service of the United Stati's shall, during their term of service, be entitled to the same pay, rations, and allowances for clothing as are or may be established by law for the Army of the United States; but no provision is made for payment of any service bounty, and we must infer that it was tlesignedly omitted. The general order (Xo. 96) under which the body of ^lissouri forces referred to W'as raised states that these State forces shall l)e armed, equipped, clothed, sub- sisted, transported, and paid in accordance with the regulations of the Army and such orders as may ))e issued from the War Department, ami in no other manner; and nothing is said of a service bounty, and no regulation of the Army or special order of this Di'partnient is known to exist giving to these troops a bounty of that description. A distinction is clearly made in the statutes between regular and volunteer forces enlisteil into the service of the United States under the special acts and militia of the several States temporarily called into service by the President. Thus in the statute passed February 7, IStio, chapter 28 (which gives authority to the governor of Kentucky to raise in that State a volunteer force to be employed within the limits of Kentucky), the fourth section provides that these troops shall be musteretl into service and be jdaced on the same footing as other volunteers in the service of the United States as to pay, subsistence, clothing, and other emolu- ments, excei>t bounty, for and during the "time they may be in actual service. It may reasonably l)e supposed that Congress intended to give to the militia of Kentucky raised under this act as liberal rewards for patriotic services as to the mili- tia of INlissouri. Neither are entitled to the enlistment bounty or to the service bounty under the statutes and general orders above cited. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, William Whiting, Solicitor of the War Departntent. Wak Department, Marvh SI, 1SG4- Approved. Bv order of the Secretarv of War: Ed. R. S. Caxbv, Brigadier-General and Amstant Adjidant-General. [Official Records of the I'nion and Confederate Armies, Series III. Vol. IV, pp. 196-198.] Prior to tho rendition of the opinion quoted a^ove — that the ]Mis- souri State Militia was a State force and not entitled to the service bounty — the question had been raised as to the riuht of the discharged men of the force to reenlist as veterans under the War Department orders providing for the enlistment of veteran volunteers, and on Sep- tember 1."), 1S(J3, the question Avas decided in the negative, evidently because by the terms of their enlistment their service was contined to II limited locality (A 481, V. S., IStio). But when it was subsequently suggested by the governor of the State and the commanding general of the military department that for special reasons the membei's of the force then in seivii-e be permitted to reentt^r the service as veterans, the necessary authority was granted. The correspondence on thi.s su])ject is deemed to be of sufficient interest to justifv its reproduction in full: Headqcakters Department of the Missocri, St. Louis, Mo., Deceinber S, 1S6S. Col. K. 1». Townsenp, Astti-ttant Adjutant-General, Wa.shington, D. C. Colonel: I inclose herewith a communication from the governor of Missouri rela- tive to the reenlistmcnt of the Missouri State Militia as veteran volunteers. 1 fuUv MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 41 concur in all the governor say? on this subject, and resjiectfully recommend it to the favorable consideration of the A\'ai- Department. In drill, discipline, and etliciency these troops will compare favorably with any volunteer troops which I have seen. Hence the advantages to result from their reenlistment will be as great as in the case of other troops. Also their arduous and efficient services have merited the same reward as that accorded to others who reen- list as veterans. In fact, 1 am aware of no reason why they should not be received into the veteran corps, while there is in favor of it the consideration, in addition to the general one applicable to all troops, that it will do away with this exceptional corps by transferring the men composing it to the general service. This I deem an important consideration, and I trust will be so regarded l)y the Departmejit. If this proposition lie adopted, I will recommend that the men reenlist in their present companies and regiments, the organization remaining unchanged until all the old troops shall have had an opportunity to reenlist liy the expiration of their t\fo vears' service. This will take until May next. Then the veterans can be con- solidated and organized under the V)est officers, if such consolidation be found neces- sary, and those who refuse to reenlist can be also consolidated antl remain in service as militia as long as they may he required. This remainder will doubtless be very small and perhaps will not be needed longer in service. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. yi. SCHOFIELD, Major- General, Commanding. [Iiiclosure.] Headqu.^kters State of Missouri, Office of Commander in Chief, St. Louis, December 7, 1863. Major-General Schofielu. General: You know the interest which I have always felt in the Missouri State ]\Iilitia, a corps of 10,000 men, raised by me under an agreement with the President of the United States of the 7th of November, 1861, of which corps you are the major- general. The service of this corps was, by agreement, limited to the State of Mis- souri, and to its immediate defense. It has now been rendering most laborious and efficient service for nearly two years; some of the men having been full two years enlisted, and by the coming spring most of them will have been two years in service. Although this is a local force, yet there never has been a time since it was organized when a much larger force of volunteers was not required for the defense of the State, so that the Missouri State Militia was engaged in performing precisely the same serv- ice that was required of the volunteers. In everything, then, that gives value to soldiers in their past experience of military life, the State militia stands precisely upon the same footing with volunteers; in drill ancl discipline they are equal to volunteers; in marches and battles they have shown themselves equal to any other troops; their ability to endure the fatigue and priva- tions of a campaign has been fully tested in their past service. The term of service for which these men were enlisted was "during the war in Mis- souri," and, in my judgment, that term has very nearly expired. I am anxious that the Government shall have the services of these men in its opera- tions in other States, because I believe they will be found very efficient in any field in which they may be employed. I wish them to be in the general service without any territorial liniitation, yet I am aware that there is no power by which, without their consent, their terms of enlistment can l)e changed, and I am further aware that any general proposition made to any corps to change their enlistment will not be universally acceded to. I desire,' therefore, that such of the men in the 3Iissouri State Militia as are willin.g to go into the general service of the United States be reenlisted on the footing of veterans, with the l)ounty and privileges given to veterans. I believe that this can not be allowed to them "under existing orders; 1;>ut I am so profoundly convinced that the Government would derive great benefit from the arrangement that I wish you to urge upon the authorities at Washington the propriety of issuing orders which will authorize the soldiers of this corps to enlist as veterans. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. R, Gamble, Governor of Missouri. 4'J MISSOURI TR00P8 UNION. [Indorsements.] War Department, Ad.h-tant-Gexeral's Office," Derembrr 14, 1S6.3. Respectfully submitted to the General in Chief, who has already decided that the Missouri State ^lilitia were not entitled to the benefits of General Orders, No. 191, current series. General Schotield's letter seems to me to give reason for thinking that the good of the service might be promoted by adopting his suggestions. James B. Fry, Prorost- Marshal- (leneral. I respectfully recommend the enlistment of ^lissouri State ^lilitia into the general service of the United States as veterans, without any conditions as to time of reor- ganization or i>lace of service. December 18, I860. H. W. Hali.eck, General in Chief. War Department, Provost-^Iakshal-General's Office, December ;?i', 186S. Maj. Gen. J. M. Sciiofield, U. S. Vobuiteers, Commanding Department of (lie Mlssduri, St. Louis, Mo. General: I have respectfully to acknowledge the ret-eipt of your letter of the 8th instant in reference to the reenlistmeut as veteran volunteers of the Missouri State Militia. In reply I have to inform you that the permission of the Department is hereby given to reenlist the said troops into the volunteer service of the United States, but without any conditions as to time of reorganization or place of service. This must be distinctly understood. The regulations governing the reenlistmeut of other troojts as veterans will be ajjpli- cable to the force in question. I am. general, very respectfully, etc., J. B. Fry, Pror()st-^farshal-General. [M 2520, V. S., 1863.] Under the authority roeeived from the War Department a ciri'iilar was i.s.sued from headquarters Department of the Missouri, of which the following is a copy: Circular.] Headquarters Department of the Missouri, St. Louis, Mo., DecembtT £5, 1S63. Telegraphic instructions have just been received at these headquarters which authorize the reenlistmeut of the Missouri State Militia as veterans with the under- standing that they shall be reorganized on the footing of volunteers in the Fnited States servit'e, to be used wherever the Government may have need of their services. As the time for payment of the veteran bounty is limited by law to the 5th proximo, regimental commanders must appoint their recruiting othcers for veterans in accord- ance with (icneral Orders. No. 150. current series, from these headquarters at once. All men of the Missouri State ^Militia reenlisting as veterans will be retained in their present regimental and company organizations until the original term of service expires, when the veterans will be consolidated under orticei"s selected for their etifi- ciency from the cor|is. By conunand of Major-General Schotield: 0. D. (treene. Assistant Adjatanl-GnieraL Under date of May 10. ISO-t. the adjutant-ueneral of Missouri was advised by the War Dei)artment that the State was entitled to credit for the men reenlisted under the authority of the Department letter of December 22. 1803, quoted above, and that the men were entitled to "This indorsement was prepared for the signature oi an otiicial of the Adjutant- (^eneral's Othce, and, through an inadvertency, when signed by the Provost-Marshal- undant evidence. In his report (not dated) of operations in Mis-souri and northwestern Arkansas from April 10 to November 20, 1862, General Sohoiield stated with reference to this force: The troops were placed upon active duty in the field in conjunction with the United States tioo]is as fast as organized in companies, without waiting for regimental or battalion organizations. In this, the best of all schools for instruction, a degree of effii'iency was acquired seldom equaled by new troops in so short a time. By April 15, 1862, an active, efficient force of lo.SlX) men was placed in the field. * * * As rapidly as this force was placed in the field a corresponding number of United States troops was relieved and sent to join the armies then operating in the more southern States. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 8.] And in a letter heretofore quoted in this paper General Schotield auain bore testimony to the gallantry and ethciency of these troops, statino- that "'in drill, discipline, and etiiciency" they would compare favorably with any volunteer troops he had seen. Similar testimony was oiyen by the oovernor of the State in a letter, also quoted in this paper, in which he stated that *' in drill and efficiency they are equal to volunteers: in marches and battles they have shown themselves ei[ual to any other troops." Testimony as to their u'ood character was also o-iven by the adjutant- o-eneral of the State in his annual report of 186H (p. oO), in which he said: It can be said with truth that in every instance where the Missouri State Militia have met the enemy they have fought like veterans. At no time have they dis- graced their State, and whenever they have been called upon to go beyond its bor- dei's they have done so readily and eagerly, more especially if the prospect of a fight was iuunediate, as, for example, one instivnce niay be noted, where the Sixth Cavalry Missouri State Militia. Colonel Catherwood commanding, with a portion of the Eighth, during the past suuuner marched to Fort Gibson to join Cienenil Blunt, and, crossing the Arkansas Kiver. pursued the rebels to Red River. Arkansas, when it returned with him to Kort Smith and thence to Springfield, making a forced march, with scarcely any supplies, of 700 miles. Even now some of its coujpanies are on duty at some of the most remote outposts of the Kansas frontier. But as a general MISSOrRI STATE MILITTA. 45 thing the Missouri State Militia have t'ounil work enough to do within the l)oini(lanes which the tenns of tlieir enHstnient preseribeil. Since their formation there has been no tight or skirmish of any importance in which they have not jiarticipated. The tights of Kirksville. ^hiore's ^lill, Lone Jack, Springlield, Hartvilie, Cape Girardeau, and scores of others in whicli they have been engaged bear witness to their bravery and endurance. In the late raid made by the rebel Shelby into this State, almost the only troops that could come up with him, and which linally routed him and drove him from our borders, were the class of which I am now writing. To give even a condensed report of all their movements and actions would reipiire more time than I have now at my disposal. And in his report of IStU the State adjiitant-g-enerul .-^aid (p. 'IS): The operations of tliis force during the past year have been mainly conlined to the limits of the State, although portions thereof have been occasionally employed in expeditions beyond its sontliern and western Iwrders. During the most of the time its regiments have been, each of them, widely scat- tered, fretpiently with not more than a single company at any one point. The great extent of ccnmtry which was, necessarily, to lie protected by military ot'cupation has compelled such a disposition, and it was not until the raid of the rel)el forces under Price transpireil, during the past autumn, that anything Hke a general concen- tration i>f regiments could be perfected. During that raid some seven of the ten regiments were brought together and rendered eminent service, when thus concen- trated, in expelling an invasion which was so boastingly commenced and so inglori- ously ended. B}' a re.6, of 1861) authorizing their employment they are referred to as a '"force of State militia''' organized "to cooperate with the troops in the service of the United States" in a limited lield of service: that they were mustered into the service of the State of Missouri by State officers; that the oath administered to them at the time of muster in was that they should "honestly and faithfully serve the State of Missouri;" that the President and the War Department conceded to the governor of the State the right to accept resignations and remove officers; that it was determined by the Secretary of War, concurring in the opinion of the Solicitor of the War Department, that they were "militia of the State of Missouri and not a part of the regular or volunteer forces of the United States," and, therefore, not entitled to the service bounty, and that special legislation by Congress was neces- sary to give to the members of the force the bounties and pensions paya))le to volunteers in the military service of the United States. But it is also to be considered that the act of February 13, 1862, b}' implication, recognized the Missouri State Militia as being then in the military service of the United States; that until December, 1862, when the President recognized the authority of the governor to remove offi- cers, it was uniformly held by the War Department that this militia force was in the United States service; that the War Department authorized the enlistment of members of the force as veteran volun- teers, a privilege generally extended only to those who had served the United States; that after the ruling of 186-1 that the Missouri State Militia was not a part of the regular or volunteer forces of the United States the War Department exercised the authority to determine when their service should terminate, and directed that they should be mus- tered out under the same regulations that were applied to the '"•muster out and discharge of other troops from the service of the I'^nited States." And in this connection it is to be stated that on January 30, 1865, the Provost-Marshal-General, in a letter authorizing the governor of Missouri to organize additional regiments for the volunteer service, excluded from enlistment in the new regiments members of the "Mis- souri State Militia or other troops already in the service of the United States;" that the Missouri State Militia were, in fact, nuistered out of service by United States officers, and that their muster-out rolls report them as having been mustered out of the Ignited States service; that the rolls of the several organizations wer(> received and tiled in the War Department like those of volunteers in the United States service; that these rolls were always reported from by the Adjutant-GeneraFs Office MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 47 to the iU'Coimtiiiii' ollicors of the Ciovoriiment })roci.sely in the form and niannor observed in the prepanition of reports from the rolls of troops rogularl}' mustered into the United States militar}^ service; that the rcmiister and desertion laws applicable to officers and enlisted men in the military service of the United States and the act providino- for the furnishino- of certiticates in lieu of lost discharot\s were applied to the INIissouri State Militia precisely as if that force had ])een regularly in the military service of the United States, and. tinally, that the practice of the Adjutant-Cienerars Office with respect to these troops has been continued by the Kecord and Pension Office, its propriety not having' been called in question. It is evident from the foregoing that the peculiar military force known as the Missouri State ^lilitia was not technically in the military service of the United States, and the practice inaugurated in the Adjutant-GeneraFs Office of treating it as a volunteer force in that service is doubtless open to criticism, but it is to be stated that the reports furnished from the rolls contained the information required in the adjudication of claims arising under the special legislation provid- ing for the payment of bounti(>s and pensions, and that the application of the renmster and other laws applicable to the volunteer forces has an equital)le. if not a strictly legal foundation. However, regardless of the propriety of the action of the War Department with regard to this force, it would seem that it is now, after the lapse of more than a third of a century, too late to change the existing practice, and the Missouri State ]\Iilitia has therefore been scheduled in this paper among the troops recognized as having been in the military service of the United States. As already stated in this ])a])er. the " Missouri State Militia." which originally aggregated 13,000 men, was reduced by special authority of Congress to a maxinunii of 10.000. The force as originally organized included 14 regiments. 3 battalions, and 1 independent company of cavalry, 2 batteries of light artillery, 1 regiment of infantry, and 1 company of sappers and miners. |;NR0LLED MISSOURI MILITIA. OKGANIZATION. STKENCTH. DI8BAND3IENT. Durino- the early summer of 18t)2 a movement was set on foot by the enemies of the Government havino- for its objeet the systematic oriiunization of g-uorrilla bands throughout the State of Missouri. This movement became so formiilabU^ that it was determined by the State autliorities to take strinjient measures for tlie suppression of existinu' disorders. Aei'ordinolv Brio-. (Jen. dohn M. Schotield, the eonunander of the Missouri State Militia and alsi) the United States military eonunander ot" the Distriet of Missouri, was authorized to organize the entire militia force of the State for the purpose of puttino- down marauders and defendino- the peaceable citizens of the State. This was done in orders from State headquarters, (if which the followino- is a copy: Special C^kdkks, ] HEAmirARTERs Statk of Mi^socri, ^ Ap.u'taxt-Ctexeral's Office, No. 101. I .sy. Loais, Jubi 2-2, 1S62. The existonoe of numerous band? of iruevrilla.< in different partf^ of the State, who are en^raged in robbino; and murdering peaceable citizen;? for no other cause than that such citizens are loyal to the Governuient under which they have always lived, renders it necessary that the most stringent measui"es be adopted to punish all such crimes and to destroy sui'h bands. Brig. (.Jen. John M. Sihotield. in command of the ^lissouri State Militia, is hereby authorized to oi-ganize the entire militia of the State into companies, regiments, and brigades, and to order into active service such jiortions of the force thus organized as he may judge necessjiry for the purpose of putting di>wn all maraudei-s and defending the peaceable citizens of the State. H. R. Gamble, Governor of the Statt' of Missouri. [Annual Report Adjutant-Genei-al of Missouri, 186^, p. 1V>.] On the same day. duly 2l\ ISti-J. pursuant to the authority thus con- ferred upon him, Cieneral Schotield issued the following-: Gexeral Orders, \ Headqcarters Missocri State Militia, No. 19. I ^^. Louis, J/o., Juli/ 22, 1S62. An immediate organization of all the militia of Misj?ouri is hereby ordereil, for the purpose of exterminating the guerrillas that infest our State. Every able-bodied man i-apable of bearing arms and subject to military duty is hereby ordere*! to repair, witlunit delay, to the nearest military post and report for duty to the connnanding othcer. Every man will bring with him whatever arms he may have or can proi-ure, and a good horse if he has one. .\11 arms and annnunition of whatever kind and wherever found, not in the hands of the loyal militia, will be taken possession of by the latter and used for the public defense. Those who have no arms and can not procure them in the above manner will be suj>plied as quickly as possible by the ordnance department. The militiamen wlio shall assemble at any post will l>e inuntnliately enrolleranized will be governed by the Articles of Warand .\rmy Kegu- hitions, and will Iv subject to do iluty under the onlers of the eonunaiuUng officers 48 ENKOLLEi) MlSSOrUI MLLLTIA. 49 of tho i^ost whoiv they eiirollod, or such other oltieers of the I'liited States troop? or Missouri ^[ilitia, reirularly mustered into serviee, as may he assigned to their eommand. Commaudiuir ottteeiv will report from day to day, l)y telesrraph when jiraetieable, the progress oi" enrollment at their post.-* and the numl)er of arms reiiuired. Six days after the date of tliis order are allowed for every man tit for military duty to report to the eoinnianding ollieer of the nearest military post and be enrolled. All }H'i"sons so enrolled will be regarded as belonging to the aetive militia of the State until further orders. The eonnnautling otiieer of a post, or any higher couunander, is authorized to give furU>ughs to sueh men of this nulitia foree as ean not 1)e absent from their ordinary business without serious iletriuient or sueh as are not needed for present serviee. Sueh leaves of absenee will in no ease be for a longer j^eriod than ten days, and may be revoked at any time or renewed at their ex|)iration at the diseretiou of the otiieer granting them. The same strict iliseipline and obedienee to orders will be enforced among the militia in serviee lutder this (U'der as amonsj: other troops, and eonnnanding ollieers will l>e held strictly responsible for ail uuauthorizeil acts of the men. The enrollment and organization of tlie militia of St. Louis will be under the gen- eral direction of Col. Lewis ^lerrill, conunamling St. Louis Division, who will estal)- lish rendezvous, appoint enrolling otficers, and make sueh regulations as he shall deem necessary. Bv order of Brigadier-Cieneral Sehotield: C. W. Maksii, As,s-iiiiant Aiijidant- Gcmral. [Official Kecords of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 500.] On the 24th of July an order was issued b}^ General Schofield pro- vidino- for the oro-anizatioii into separate corps of the employees of the United States. State and city governnients, and of railroad and trans- jiortation companies and other corporations. Folh)wino- is a copy of the order: General Orders, \ Headquarteks ^IissiouRi State ^Militia, No. 20. I St. Louis, .^fo., July :^4, 1S6^. All pei"sons in the employ of the United States, State, or city governments will be enrolled and organized by the chiefs of their respective departments, and will act under tlie orders of their respective t-hiefs. All railroad and transi^ortation companies, and other corporations employing large numbei-s of men, will organize their employees into distinct corps, under their respective chiefs. The chiefs of such companies, corporations, and departments of government not now in the military service of the State or of the United States will report to an authorized enrolling oilieer and be themselves sworn into service, when they will proceed to enroll and organize the men under their control. All voluntary organizations of the loyal militia which may be perfected before the expiration of the time specilied for enrollment in General Ordei¥, No. 19, and pre- sent their nuister rolls to the superintendent of enrollment in St. Louis or the nearest enrolling otticer will be recognized and received as such. It is desimble that such voluntary organizations shall, as far as possible, embrace all the men subject to militia duty belonging to the same business tirms located in close proximity to each other, so that a certain portion of the members of sm-h oi-ganizations may be called into active service at any time without interrupting their ordinary business. Bv order of Brigadier-General Sehotield: C. ^^'. Marsh, Assistant Adjutant- General. [Ibid., pp. 508,509.] In conformity with this order, special orders were issued In- Col. Lewis Merrill, commanding- the St. Louis Division, for the organiza- tion of the employees of certain transfer, express, and railroad com- panies, as follows: Special Orders, \ Heaoijiarteks Sr. Loris Divisiox, No. 48. j St. Louis, Mo., Juhj J4, 1863. The officei*s and employees of the St. Louis Transfer Company and of the Adams, American, and United States express companies will be enrolled in a special trans- S. Doc. 412 i 50 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. poitation rorps uiuU'V tb.e diret'tion of the siiporintendent of the transfer comi>any as enroUing othc-er, and will for the present l)i' organized in the same manner as an infantry battalion of fonr eomi>anies. The enrolling oilicer will report for further orders to Capt. R. A. Howard, superin- tendent of enrollment. 11. The otlieiTs and employees of the North Missouri Railroad, the Paeific Rail- road, and the Iron Mountain Railroad will be enrolled and organized into si)eeial corps railroad guards under tlie direction, in eaeh ease, of the superintendent of the road as enrolling otht-er. The enrolling ottieer will report to Capt. R. A. Howard for further orders. •x- ***** * By order of Col. Lewis Merrill: Harrisox a. Gleim, Lietitt'iiarii (trul Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. [Book No. 441, Department of i\w ^Missouri, p. 17;>.] Oil July 24, 1862, a o-onenil order wus i.ssiiod by General Scbotield announeiug the exemption from enrollment of the subjects of foreign powers resident in the State of Missouri. This order reads as follows: General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, No. 21. i St. Louis, Juhj 24, 1862. I. The subjects of foreign powers resident in the Rtate of 31issouri, lawfully pur- suing thejr avocations, are exempt from enrollment in the militia of the State, as required In* Orders, No. 19. Upon such persons, however, enjoying the protection of life and* property and civil rights afforded by the laws, the obligation of a strict and impartial neutrality will be strongly enforced. While maintaining such neu- trality the fullest protection will be accorded, Init any dejiarture from the same by taking up arms, by conveying information, or in any manner, by word oi- deed, aiding or abetting the enemies of the State or United States or encouraging them in reliellion, will place "the offender without the protection accorded to him as a suliject of a for- eign power, and expose him to all the iKMialties visited upon the enemies of the State or United States. II. In order that such protection may be afforded to foreigners resident in the State as they may be entitled to by the laws of nations and under the treaties l)etween the United 'States and friendly powers, it is ordered that at each military post an enrollment be made of all such" persons as claim to be thus exempt from duty. Such enrollment shall be preceded [by a statement] that the parties whose names are subscril)ed are subjects of a foreign power, specifying what power; that they have never become naturalized citizens under the laws of the United States for that pur- pose; that they have never at any time while resident of this State or of the United States exercised any of the rights, privileges, and immunities accorded by law only to citizens; that they have heretofore preserved, and will hereafter during the pres- ent rebellion and while they shall continue to reside within the limits of the United States preserve, a strict and impartial neutrality, and will not give aid, information, or comfort to the enemy. Such enrollment will contain the signature of the party <'laiming exemption, his age, period of residence in thi§ State and in the United States. III. Any citizen of the United States resident in this State who shall make a false and fraudulent statement or claim to exemption under this order will be arrested and subjected to trial and jnuiishment by military commission. IV. Commandants of posts will designate some loyal militiamen to take charge of the enrollment herein ordered, and such enrollment, when completed, will be for- warded to division headquarters to be filed. All persons claiming exemption will report to such enrolling officer within six daj's after published notice of the time and place where such enrollment will be made. By order of Brigadier-General Schofield: C. W. :\1arsh, Assistant Adjutant-GeneraL [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 509.] Under date of July 27, 1862. General Schotield pronudgated an order declarino- the obieet of the organization and modifying the mode of enrollment. FoUowmg is a copy of the order: ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 51 Gexeral Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, No. 22. I St. Louis, July 27, 1862. It being uianifest that the object of the enroUment of the Missouri MiUtia pre- .scrii)e(l hx General Orders, Xo. 19, July 22, 1862, has been misrepresented by the enemies of law and order, and consequently is generally misunderstood, it is herel)y declared that the i>l>ject of such organization is solely to organize law-abiding people of the State capal)le of bearing arms in such complete and thorough manner as to enable them at once and forever to put down robbery, plunder, and guerrilla war- fare, which it is plainly the duty and interest of every citizen to aid in doing. To the end that this object may l)e accomplished and all possible ground for mis- ai^prehension be removed, the mode of enrollment will hereafter be as follows: The militiamen of the various counties will assemble at the nearest military post, the county seat, or other convenient place, and organize themselves into companies and elect their olficers. As soon as a company shall be organized a copy of the roll and a return uf the election, duly certitied, will l>e sent to the headquarters of the division in which the county is situated. At the same time a report of the arms and ammimition on hand will be furnished to the conunandiug officer of the division. A copy of the certificate of election will be forwarded by the division commanders to these headquarters, in order that the officers may be commissioned and thus duly authorized to act when any emergency shall render their services necessary. The time for enrollment, as prescrilied in General Orders, Xo. 19, is extended to the 10th of August proximo, in order that ample time may be given in which to com- ^ilete the voluntary organization of all citizens who are willing to do their duty in maintaining law and order. Bv order of Brigadier-General Schofield: C. W. Marsh, Assistant Adjufmd-Gcneral. [Ibid., p. 516.] On the following day General Schotield published additional regula- tion.s relative to the organization and equipment of the militia, and pro- viding for exemption from personal service bv the pa3'ment of money in lieu thereof, the fund accruing from this source to be applied to the payment of extra expenses in the recruitment of volunteers for the general (United States) service and in defraying the expenses of the militia force itself. Following is a copv of the order: Gexeral Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, No. 23. J St. Louis, July 28, 1862. All pei'sons who prefer to contribute money rather than personal service in the Enrolled Militia can procure exemption fnim military duty fur one year by enrolling their names and paying an exemption fee into the military treasur}- of the State or of the county in which they reside, at the option of the individual. The money paid into the State treasury will be used in paying extra bounty and other extra expenses incurred in raising volunteers for the Unitecl States service, and will be expended under the orders of the governor. That paid into the various county treasuries will be used in defraying the expenses of the State militia when in active service or in camps of instruction, and will l^e disbursed under the orders of the governor. The exemption fee will be $10 for each individual and one-tenth of 1 j^er cent upon all taxable property, as shown by the last assessment. The exemption fee may be paid in money or in supplies for the support of the militia when in active service. It is expected that all persons of means, though legally exempt from military serv- ice, will voluntarily contribute in proportion to their ability to one of these fifnds, and thus enroll themselves among the loyal and willing supporters of law and order. All persons not exempt from military service by law, l)y general orders, or by payment of exemption fee will be enrolled and organized into companies, regiments, and brigades. The organization prescribed by law will be so far modified that each company shall contain of each grade three times the number prescribed by law. On these numbers any proportion not to exceeil one-third may be exempt from service for one year by the payment of the usual exemption fee into the company- treasury. The fund thus formed will constitute a company fund, to be expended under the orders of the council of administration in defraying the expenses incident to the organization, instruction, equipment, etc., of the company when not in active 52 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. servioo, and, if noed be, to moot the necessities arising from any sudden and unex- pected call for active service. That portion of each company not exempt by payment of company fee will be divided into t\vi> equal parts, one of which will at all times be ready for active service. Those at any time ready for active service will be called the tirst class. Those exempt for the time being only will be called the second class, and those exempt at all times the third class. The seniiM- caj^tain of the company will be captain of the third class and ex-otiicio treasurer of the comjiany. The members of the tirst and second class, respectively, in each grade will at tirst be iletermined by lot, after which they will alternate monthly at the end of each month. A member of the tirst class may at any time be transferred to the second class by obtaining a substitute from the latter. The Held and staff otlicers of a regiment will also be three of each grade, having corresponding positions in connnand of the three classes. When companies are organized into regiments, 10 per cent, of each company fund will be paid into the regimental fund for the payment of expenses incidental to a regimental organization. The senior iiuartermar^ter of the regiment will lie regimental treasurer, and will disburse the regimental fund only on the orders of the connuanding othcer of the regiment. Kach cinupany will lu- furnished with arms only sutlicient to arm the tirst class, and the comjiany will pnnide itself with a suitable armory and place for drill, where it will be drilled daily, at least three hours, at sui-h times of day as may be most convenient. At the end oi the month the arms and drill-room will be transferred to the second class, now become the tirst, who will in like manner drill daily at stated hours and be at all times ready for active servii-e during the month. Arms and equipments will not be taken from the armory except for service. AVhen the men are off duty, the arms and equipments will be carefully stored away in the armory, which will at all times be suitably guardeil. Military treasurers of the State and counties will be appointed by the governor. Bv order of Brigadier-Cieneral Schotield: C. W. Marsh. Astpted. T\uf< was done in General Orders. No. '24:, of whieh the followino- is a copy: (.teneral Orpeks. \ IIeaikjiarpeks ^Missouri State Militia, No. 24. I St. Louif, AxgiiM 4, lS6x^. General Orders, Xo. 2o, from these headquarters, dated July 28, 1802, is hereby revoked. AH the loyal men of Missouri subject to military duty will be organized into com- panies, regiments, and brigailes, as ordered in General Ordei"S, No. 19, from these headquarters, dated July 22, 18(i2. All disloyal men and those who have at any time sympathized with the rebellion are recpiired to report at the nearest military post or other enrolling station, be enrolled, surrender their arms, ami return to their homes or ordinary places of busi- ness, where they will be permitted to remain so long as they shall continue quietly attending to their ordinary and legitimate business and in no way give aid or com- fort to the enemy. Disloyal persons or sympathizers with the rebellion will not be oriranized into companies nor required nor permitted to do dutv in the Missouri Militia. Connnanding officers of divisions will appoint enrolling officers and establish ren- dezvous at such places, in addition to the various military posts, as they may deem expedient. As far as practicable, the militia of each county will be organizeil separately, each eonjpany being composed of men resiiling in the inunediate vicinity of each other. The oniv exi-eptions will be the voluntarv organizations authorized bv General Orders, No. 20. The otlicers and employees of all railroad and tninsportation compaTiies will be organizi'd into distinct corps, and will be enq>li>yed as nnlitia only in transporting troops auil public j^n^perty and in protecting their means of transportation. Militiamen employed in any manner by the United States or State of ^lissouri. ENEOLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 53 or engaged in working upon contracts niatie with the United States or State of Mis- souri, for the supply of any article required for the military or naval service, will not, while so employed, be required to do any military duty except for the protec- tion, in case of necessity, of the public property where they are employed. Division commanders are authorized to call into at'tive sei'vice, for the time being, such companies and regiments of the organized militia in their divisions as the exi- gencies of the service may require, and to provide for their maintenance while in active service. But no company will be kept continuously in active service for more than tiiirty days, except by orders from tliese headquarters or in cases of urgent necessity. It must be Iwrne in mind that the main ol>ject of a general organization of the militia is for the protection of their homes, and that they are to be kept from their ordinary business as little as possible. In calling the militia into active service care will lie taken to leave sufficient force to protect the homes of those called out and to distribute the services as uniformly as possible. Every company of militia will have its place of rendezvous, which should be at a military post, if one is convenient; if not. then at a convenient town or general place of resort. The arms and equipments will be kept at the rendezvous, and always properly guarded by detail from the company. In case of alarm companies will lie rallied at the rendezvous and act under their immediate commanders, as circumstances may require, for the protection of their immediate vicinity. In dangerous localities several companies or a regiment will have their rendezvous at the same place, and will keep it guarded by a company or more, as circumstances may require. On the 11th day of August, instant, each enrolling officer will proceed to ascertain and enroll the names of all men in his enrolling district who shall have failed to come forward and be enrolled as required, and report the same to the district com- mander. Bv order of Brigadier-General Schofield: C. W. :Marsh, Assistant Adjutant-General. [Ibid., pp. 534, 535.] The loyal men of the State responded promptly to the call of the governor, and >Yithin thirty days more than '20 regiments were formed in the city and county of St. Louis alone, numbering upward of 17,000 men. and at the close of the year 1S62. 69 regimental, 3 battalion, and 58 independent company organizations had been formed, embracing an aggregate strength of 5:^.056 officers and enlisted men. The total strength of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, as finally organ- ized, has not been discovered. l)ut it has been ascertained from official sources of information that 85 regiments. 16 battalions, and 33 inde- pendent companies were formed, not including some organizations of Citizen Guards which had the status of Enrolled Missouri ]Militia. but which will be treated in this paper under their appropriate designations. The following statement of the Enrolled Missouri Militia in active service in 1864 is copied from the report of the adjutant-general of the State for that year (p. 38) : 1 Districts. Aggre- > First. Second. Third. Fourth. 1 Fifth. Seventh. Eighth. gate. 1.799 1,744 1.235 S70 898 877 2.697 2,621 1.235 1 870 Mav 339 936 1.698 339 1,339 1.774 2,142 45' 45 2,275 July 3,517 i,475 1,306 4,495 3,231 3,662 1,306 October 7, SIO November '• 2. 329 2. 60f. 590 184 1 2,399 248' 374 644 438 4,i5i 474 24,164 4,939 870 54 MISSOURI TKOOPS UNION. It is prol);il)l(' tliat the fort'iioino' stiiteiiiont includes theorounizations of PrDvisional Knrollod ^lissouri Militia luMcniftor to be voferred to. It may l)e here stated that in Noveniher. 18<')'2. an order was issued from State headquarters deelarino- a penalty, ineludinn- a tine of ^10, for failure to enroll for service in the militia. Followino- is a copy of the order: GeNEKAL OkOKKS, \ IlEAlHilAKTERS StATE OF Ml^SOl'KI, ^ Adjutant-Gexekal's Office, No. 48. j St. Louis, XuirmlKV 7, 1S6J. ******* II. Any ptM-fion who has been notified to enroll and fails to comply Avith the order within the time specified by the brijjadiev-iieneral commandinii: the distrii-t shall be subject to a fine of ?10. to be assessed by the colonel of the retriment to which such person should beloni:, subject, however, to the revision of the jrcneral connnandinir; and sui'h offender shall be further liable to imprisonment until his fine is paid and he duly enrolled. Bv order of the Connnander in Chief: Wm. D. Wood, Acthici Adjuiant-deHi'ral, Missouri. [.lournal ^lissinni House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1868-64. Tart I, Appendix, p. 214.] Early in February, 18G3. to quote the annual report of theadjutant- S'eneral of the State for that year (p. 27). "it became evident that the crisis Avhiidi called for the general ai'ming of the people of the State had nu\isurably passed away in consequence of the successes which had attended their eti'orts all over the State." and it was decided by the governor to begin the organization in the various military dis- tricts of a "picked force of men. to be detailed from the diti'erent regiments for a more permanent service, and to consist of those who could the most easily be spared from their ordinary avocations, hav- ing but few if any others dependent upon their labor for support.''* The regiments organized under this plan were designated **]n'()visional regiuunits," and have a history of their own. which will be given under the title. Provisit>nal Enrolled Missouri Militia. It became evident to the State authorities that there was danger that the •• rebel sympathizers" in some portions of the State would form themselves into companies (Report of Adjutant-Cieneral of Missouri, 1803, p. 29), and to prevent this the following order was issued: Gexer.:VL Orders, ^ Headquarters State of ^Iissoiri, >■ Ad.u'taxt-Ctexeual's Office. No. 7. J ^V. Louis, f^hruarii 19, 186S. The orders heretofore issued for the enrollment of the militia of this State did not contemplate the euroUinu: of disloyal persons and their organization into companies indiscriminately with loyal citizens. It was specially reijuired that all disloyal n\en should be enrolled as such, but their oriranization into t'ompanies was strictly for- bidden. Some emoUiui,' officers, however, allowetl disloyal orirauizatiuns to be per- fected, either throuirh neglect or disobedieiu'C of ordei-s. and others are still in progress of organization. For the purpose, therefore, of separating disloyalists from Union men, and in order that proper measures of precaution may be taken to prevent the arming of such as can not be trusted, it is hereby ordereil that all connnandants of regiments and bat- talions of enrolled militia report to the adjutant-general of the State, immediately on the receipt of this order, sui-h companies of their ci^mmands of which all or any considerable portion of the luen have been enrolled as disloyal, or are known to be so. .\11 officers are strictly enjoined to see that no further organizations of this kind are made, and will report to their immediate commanders any which may be in progress of organization. By order of the Commander in Chief: William D. Wot>D, Actiuij Airiuiaiii-General. ENKOLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 55 It is evident that the immediate object of this order was to prevent the organization of disloyal men into companies of Provisional P^nrolled Missouri Militia, but as the order applied to the enrolled militia force in o'oneral. it is here quoted as a part of the histor}" of that force. One object of the oro-;inization of the provisional regiments was to reduce the calls upon the previously organized regiments of Enrolled Missouri ]Militia for ai-tive service, and this object appears to have been accomplished. But disorders continued to prevail, and on June 28, 1864, Major-General Rosecrans, who had succeeded to the command of the Department of the Missouri, issued an order in which he called upon the people-of the State, by public meetings and the selection of local committees, to choose and organize out of the enrolled State militia select companies to serve for the protection of their respective counties. This proposition on the part of the commanding general was in conformity with an agreement with the governor of the State, and resulted in the organization of a number of independent compa- nies known as Provisional CV)mpanies, Enrolled ]Missouri Militia, the history of which will be given under its appropriate head. The Enrolled Missouri Militia maintained its organization as an embodied militar}- force until March, 1865, though several reg'iments (the Tweuty-iifth, Thirty-ninth, Forty-lirst, and Forty -eighth) were disbanded in 1863 pursuant to an order of which the following is a cop3': General Orders, ^ Headquarters State of Missouri, > Adjutant-General's Office, No. 30. J St. Louis, November 1, 1863. I. In consequence of an extraordinary reduction in numbers, from various causes, such as removals from tlie State, volunteering in the United States service, and pay- ment of the commutation tax in lieu of military service, the following regimental organizations of the Enrolled ^Missouri jNIilitia are hereby disbanded, and the com- missions of their officers are, with the exception of the officers hereinafter named, revoked: Twenty-fifth Regiment E. M. M. (Buchanan Coimty), except Companies Fand K. Thirty-ninth Regiment E. 31. M. (Platte County). Forty-first Regiment p]. ~Sl. M. (Andrew County). Forty-eighth Regiment E. M. ~Sl. (Clay and Clinton counties). And all officers of these regiments who have now in their possession any public property are directed to turn over such property to their district commander without delay, taking duplicate receipts therefor in proper form. II. Colonels James H. Moss. Forty-eighth Regiment E. 31. M., and John Scott, Twenty-fifth Regiment E. 31. 31., are hereby retaine Ad.iutant-Genekal's Office, No. 12. J Jcjfh-wn CV///, March 11, 1865. I. All regiineiits, companies, and detaehinents of the Enrolled Missouri INlilitia, including those coiniianies organized under tlie provisions of General Orders, No. 107, series of 1864, from head(|narters Department of the Missouri, who are now in active service, are liereby relieved, to take effect from this date. Commanding otKcers of the above forces are hereby directed to cause to be made out prior to the 15th of April next complete muster and pay rolls for all service rendered under ])roper authority, where they liave not already been made out and forwarded to this office. II. All officers of the Enrolled Missouri Militia who have in their possession pub- lic property belonging to the State or General Government are hereby directed to turn over the same to siu-h officers as may be designated to receive it; and in order to facilitate this transfer, division commanders of the Missouri miUtia will instruct their district commanders to announce in general orders an officer to receive and receipt for the said property, designating the points wliere the same will be received. No officer accountable for public property will receive any payments until they have received from the quartermaster-general a certificate of their nonindebtedness to the State. It is therefore desired that tliey forward their returns at an early date, with a view to a promjit settlement of all accounts and claims growing out of the Enrolled Missouri Militia. By order of the Commander in Chief: Samuel P. Simpson, Adjutant-General. [Ibid., p. 48.] According to the report of the adjutant-oeneral of the State for the j'ear 18()5, the Enrolled Missouri Militia was dis])anded jNIarch 12, 1805, and the eoiuniissions of all of its officers were vacated on that date. EQUIPMENT, SUBSISTENCE, PAY. The (|uestion as to the equipment and support of the Enrolled Mis- souri ]\Iilitia was one that early claimed the attention of the authorities, both of the State and the United States. In the order. No. 19, of July 22. 1862, quoted above, directing- the enrollment of the force, it was provided that every man should bring with him whatever arms he might have or could procure, and a good horse if he had one. It was also annoimced that all arms and amuutnition, of whatever kind and wherever found, not in the hands of the loyal militia, woidd be taken possession of l)v the militia and used for the public defense, and that those of the militia who had no arms and could not procure them in the manner indii-ated would lie supplied as (|uickly as possible by the Ordnance Department — evidently l)v the Lhtited States. In a telegram to the Secretary of War, dated July 20. 1S()2, General Schotield said: "I can not possibly meet them [guerrilla bands] with- out calling out some of the newly enrolled. May I feed them when 1 deem it absolutely necessary T" To this inquiry no answer has been found. On the same date, ,Iuly 20, 1802, General Schotield addressed the General in Ghief through his assistant adjutant-general: HEAlHiUARTERS St. LoUIS DISTRICT, St. Louis, Mo., July 26, 1862. Col. .1. C. Kelton, Assistant Adjutant- General, Washington, D. C. Colonel: * * * -X- * * * I i>ropose to make the militia force thus organized self-sustaining, the expenses of those at any time in active service being paid by those who are exempted. I shall want arms and annnunition onlv from the United States. ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 57 It would, however, greatly aid nie could I l)e authoi'ized to isyue subsistence for a short time, and when necessary only, until the organization should l)e perfected. I must use at once some of this force, and it is ditiicult tti do so without furnishing subsistence in certain cases. There are in the arsenal about 29,000 altered smooth-bore nuiskets not needed for general issue. 1 respectfully request that Colonel Callender be authorized to issue these arms and such others caj)tured in Missouri as may be lit for service, and the necessary ammunition, upon my orders. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your ol^edient servant, J. M. ScHOFiELD, Brigadier- General. [Ofhcial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, pp. 513, 514.] To this letter General Halleck replied, July 30, 1862: War Department, Washington, July 30, 1S62. General Schofield, St. Louis, Mo.: Colonel Callender is authorized to issue such captured arms as he can spare to the militia called into service. I think they should be subsisted by requisitions on rebel sympathizers and the seizure of property of rebels in arms. H. W. Halleck, General in Chief. [Ibid., p. 522.] On August 12, 1862, General Schotield, in his capacity as the rep- resentative of the United States in command of the military District of Missouri, issued a o-eneral order announcing- that during active operations in the pursuit of guerrillas the troops of his command, including the Enrolled jMissouri ]\Iilitia. would, as far as possible, be subsisted upon the enemy and those who had given aid to the rebellion, such necessary subsistence for the militia as could not be obtained from the country to be furnished by the commissary-general of the State. Following is a copy of the order: General Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, No. 9. ) St. Louis, August W, 1862. 1. During active operations in the field in pursuit of guerrilla.s, the troops of this command will not be incumbered with transportation of supplies, but will, as far as possible, obtain subsistence from the enemy and those who aid and encourage the rebellion. Property taken for the use of the troops will be properly accounted for, and nothing will be wantonly destroyed or wasted. The Enrolled ^liliiia, when in active service, will be subsisted in like manner. Such necessary subsistence stores as can not be obtained from the country will be furnished by the commissary-general of the State. Whenever it becomes necessary to use the property of the loyal people, vouchers will be given in due form, which vouchers will constitute claims against the State, to be settled at some future day. * ■?■■ -■? ~r -x * * By order of Brigadier-General Schofield: C. W. Marsh, Assistant A djutant- General. [Book No. 580, Department of the Missouri, p. 49.] On August 29, 1862. the governor of the State issued an order relative to the subsistence of the troops, as follows: General Orders,'] Headquarters St.\te of Missouri, y Ad.iutaxt-General's Office, No. 38. J St. Louis, August 39, 1862. 1. The quartermaster-general will supply the commands of the enrolled militia, called into. active service and performing duty with rations of hard l)read, coffee, sugar, and salt. Subsistence re(iuired in addition to these articles will be taken from disloyal citizens. ***** -x- * By order of the Commander in Chief: Wm. D. Wood, Actiug Adjutant-General. [Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, Appendix, p. 88.] 58 MISSOURI TKOorS UNION. Disordors havinu' i-esultod from the execution of General Orders, No. !», from liead(|uarters District of Missouri, the following- order for their suppression was issued: (teneral Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, No. 23. i St. Louis, September £e, 1862. I. The general commanding has learned, with much regret, that in various parts of the State, under pretense of carrying out General Orders, No. 9, from these head- quarters, dated August 12, 1S()2, there has l)een perpetrated pillage and marauding of the most unsoidierlike and (l 111)011 tlK» foregoing order, the following was issued from State headquarters: SiMX'iAi, Okdijus, 1 Headquarters Rtate of Missouri, V Aimi'tant-Gexeral's Office, No. 4. J St. Louis, January 13, 1863. I. Provision havino; been made by the United States authorities for the supply of subsistence and forage to the Knrolled ^lihtia of ^Missouri when in active service, you are therefore oidercd to suspend at once all assessments made within the Hmits of your couHuand for the support of the enrollelies as are required by the eight provisional regiments now in service. These requisitions will be based upon the numl)er of men now actually in service and will bear the certificate of the regimental commander to their correctness and be approved by the commander of the district in which they are serving. The requisitions so certified to and approved will be forwarded to these headquarters W'ithout delay. (Mlicers of the enrolled militia desiring to draw subsistence for their men must cer- tify upon their jM'ovision returns that the troops returned for are in actual service and that all the men returned for are actually present for duty. The United States oliicers in command of each distrit't will inform the commis- saries in tlieir distrit-ts of the regiments and companies of enrolled militia that are in service, the number of men for duty, and to whom they may issue rations without referring the returns to the district commander. Commissaries will report to the chief commissary of the dei)artment any othcers whom they have reason to believe return for more men than are actually in service and present for duty at the time the return is made. Regimental (luartermasters should draw the subsistence for their regiments upon consolidated jirovision returns and distril>ute them to their companies. ;t * -X- -x- * * * By connnand of ^lajor-General Schofield: A. V. COLBURN, Assistant Adjutant-General. On September 2t). 1864, Major-General Rosecrans. then command- ing the Department of the jNIissouri. issued an address to "Missour- ians," appealing to them to rally in the defense of the State against the invading army of General Price. In this order he said, with refer- ence to the equipment and subsistence of the militia: General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the ^Iissouri, No. 17(5. ) St. Jmuis, Mo., September 26, 1864. Missourinns: ****** * V. The governor of the State has been informed of the threatened raid and requested to call the militia to serve until the invaders are destroyed or driven from ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 61 the State. I rely upon theii* courage and patriotism, and have only to say: Let your assembling be prompt, and let the commissioned officers see that proper steps are at once taken to secure for their commands all needful supplies of arms, equipments, ammunition, camp and garrison equipage, and blankets. Brig. Gen. E. Anson More, chief quartermaster of the State, will furnish these supplies on requisitions made according to his instructions. The chief commissary of the department will furnish subsistence. *•)«■***** By command of Major-General Rosecrans: J. F. Bennett, Assistant Adjutant-General. One method adopted by General Schofield for the support of the Enrolled Missouri jVIilitiawas the assessment of "the secessionists and Southern sj^mpathizers in St. Louis Count3\" For the purpose of carrying- this project into etfect he appointed a board of citizens. This"^ was done in Special Orders. No. Ul. headquarters District of Missouri, August 28, 1862, of which the following is an extract: Special Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, No. 91. i «. Louis, August 28, 1862. ******* III. The following-named gentlemen are hereby appointed a county board for St. Louis County, viz: Messrs. Henry Moore, John Cavender, G. F. Filley, Charles Borg, and Ferdinand Meyer. This board will assess and collect without unnecessary delay the sum of $500,000 from the secessionists and Southern sympathizers in St. Louis Count3\ The money thus obtained will be used in subsisting:, clothing, and arming the enrolled militia while in active service, and in providing for the support of such families of militiamen and United States volunteers as may be left destitute. ******* By order of Brigadier-General Schofield: C. W. Marsh, Assistant A djutant- General. [Book No. 580, Department of the Missouri, p. 69.] On August 30, 1862, three additional members of the board were appointed and one of the original members was relieved. This was done in Special Orders, No. 91, as follows: Special Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, No. 94. i St. Louis, August 30, 1862. The following gentlemen are hereby appointed additional members of the St. Louis County board, appointed by Special Orders, No. 91, from these headquarters, dated August 28, 1862, viz: Col. John 0' Fallon, Mr. Daniel Garrison, and Mr. James S. Thomas. Mr. John Cavender, being president of the committee charged with the disburse- ment of the fund for the relief of soldiers' families, is hereby relieved from serving as a member of the county board. Bv order of Brigadier-General Schofield : C. W. Marsh, Assistant Adjutant-General . [Ibid., p. 73.] Commissioners were appointed for the same purpose in the Central District of Missouri. The tirst announcement on the subject by the commanding general of that district was as follows: Special Orders, \ Headquarters Central District of Missouri, No. 3. I Jeferson Citg, September 29, 1862. I. A large proportion of the wealth of the country is in the hands of disloyal inhab- itants, who have no articles in kind required for the subsistence of troops, whereby they have hitherto escaped bearing a reasonable share of the burdens imposed upon the disloyalists of the county. For the purpose of equalizing such burdens as near as may be, an assessment of §5,000 is hereby levied upon the disloyal inhabitants of 62 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. .lefferf^on City, whereof the sum of $3,000 will lie apijlied to suhsistino: the Enrolled Militia whilst enjjaged in actual service, and the remaining $2,000 is approjiriated to the relief of the destitute families of the soldiers engaged in actual service and to relieve temporarily destitute refugees who have l)een (hiven from their homes by rel)els or i;'uerrillas. II. Dr.' William A. Curry, Dr. Bernard Bruns, P. T. ^Miller, esc}.. Col. Allen P. Richardson, and T. W. (Honey, esq., are herel)y ajtpointed commissioners to assess, \e\Y, and collect said sum of money. They will determine the jx-rsons upon whom the levy shall be made and the amount thereof that each shall pay. III. Said commissioners will at once proceed to determine who shall pay said assessment, and to fix the amount to be paid by each. As soon as this is done they w'ill cause notices to be served upon said persons, notifying them of said assessment, and the amount thereof, which they are respectively required to pay, and requiring them to i)ay the same within ten days from the date of the service of the order. IV. Should any person after being so notified fail, neglect, or refuse to pay the amount so assessed and required to be ])aid l)y liim for ten ilays, he will be arrested and held in close custody, and the provost-marshal will at once seize sufficient of the personal property of such person to pay said assessment, and advertise and sell the same without delay, the sale to be in some public place, to the highest bidder for cash, and to be made between the hours of 9 o'clock in the forenoon and 5 o'clock in the afternoon. V. The money collected for the subsistence of the militia will l)e paid out by the commissioners, from time to time, as it is collected, on the orders of the quartermas- ter and commissary for the Enrolled Militia at this place, who is hereby required to account on his monthly statements and quarterly returns for all supplies paid for by this fund. VI. The money collected for the destitute families and refugees will be paid out on the orders of Dr. A. Peabody or Mrs. A. P. Richardson, INIrs. T. L. Crawford, or of any two of them, they l^eing hereby appointed a board to distribute the same. VII. This assessment may be paid in such articles as would be bought with the money, provided the same will be delivered at cash prices, as required, and at such places as may be designated. Ben. Loax, Brigadier-General, 3£issouri State Militia. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 691.] Similar orders were published relative to the appointment of com- missioners for other localities within the Central District. The commanding creneral of the District of Northeast Missouri also appointed commissioners for the purpose of making- assessments for the support of the '' loyal militia.'' Following is a copy of his order on this subject: General Orders, ) Headquarters District Northeast Missouri, No. 3. J' Maron Cifii, Mo., October 2, ISPyr^. It is only common justice, if the loyal men of Missouri are required to take up arms to preserve the peace of tlie State, that the disloyal, who can not be trusted with the public safety, and the semiloyal, who have enrolled as loyal, but neglect or fail in their duty, should bear their fair share of the burden l)y subsisting and, when necessary, mounting the militia in active service. In order that this may be done systematically and work eijual justice to all who are required to contri])ute, a com- •mittee of honest citizens will be appointed in each comity, whose duty it shall be to levy an assessment for the sustenance of the loyal militia. These committees will be governed by the following regulations: I. The assessment will be levied in money and paid in either money or produce, as the contributor may elect. In case it is paid in money it will be paid into the hands of the committee and l)y them turned over to the local commissary, by whom it will be expended in purchasing in the open mai'ket the subsistence required for the use of the troops; when it is ])aid in proiluce it must be in such kind of i>roduce as is ordered, and the amount must equal in money value at market rates the amount of money levied. II. The amount assessed by the committee will be in proportion to the wealth of tlie persons assessed, and the standard for the estimate of wealth will l>e the last valuation made l)y proi)er State officers. III. The payment of assessments in produce will be made by delivery of the arti- cles to the local commissary, and his receipt to the individual will be submitted to the committee, to be entered on their books, and no payment of an assessment will ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITTA. 63 be complete until the receiirt has been so entered and countersigned l)y a member of the connnittee. IV. No articles of produce will be accepted in payment of an assessment except meat, breadstuffs, and forage, and no money paid for an assessment must be expended except for meat and breadstuffs and cooking utensils for the use of troops. V. The following persons will be subject to assessment: First, all persons who have enrolled themselves as disloyal or in symi^athy with the rel)ellion; second, all persons who have failed or neglected to enroll, whether loj-til or disloyal; third, all persons who have enrolled as loyal or who are or have been notoriously disloyal, and who have done no acts or used their influence to show their loyalty. YI. Property of widows or orphan children less in value than $5,000 will not be assessed unless they have given aid or comfort to guerrillas; in that case it will be included in the assessment. YII. The committee will keep a regular set of books, in which the names and resi- dences of the individuals assessed will be entered, together with the estimated. value of their possessions and the money value of the amount levied, together with the dates and amounts of the payments thereon. Substance taken for thf; subsistence of troops since the 1st of August last will, upon due proof thereof being made to the committee of the fact and of its market value, be credited to the account of the person from whom it was taken in making up the account of his payment. VIII. AVhen an assessment is made and payment refused or neglected, after due notice, the committee will notify the military commander of the fact, who will cause property to four times the amount of the levy to Ije seized from the delinquent and pul)licly sold to pay the amount. IX. Notice of assessment will be made as follows: To persons living 5 miles and less from the point at which the payment must be made four days' notice, and one day longer notice for every additional 8 miles of travel necessary to make delivery of the amount levied. In extreme cases, of which the committee must be the judges, shorter notice, at their discretion, may be given, allowing, however, a reasonable time for the delivery. X. Each member of the committee will take the following oath before entering upon the discharge of his duties: I, , do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully and honestly discharge my duty as a member of the assessment connnittee, constituted by General Orders, No. — , Headquarters Northeast Missouri District, in accordance with the rules therein laid down, to the best of my ability. So help me God. XL Each local commissary will take the following oath before entering upon the discharge of his duties: I, , do solemnly swear that I will honestly and faithfully discharge the duties of commissary for the Enrolled Militia; that 1 will honestly expend the moneys which may come into my hands from the assessment connnittee in the man- ner and for the purpose indicated in General Orders, No. — , Headquarters North- east Missouri District, and that I will not have any pecuniary or other interest in any purchase which I may so make. So help me God. XII. When horses are necessary to mount the local militia they will be obtained by requisition upon the county committee, who [will] direct them to be furnished by those subject to assessment who can l)est spare them, taking care to avoid stripping a farm entirely or seriously crippling its means of cultivation. These horses will be receipted for by the committee and to them by the militiamen to whom they are issued, who will be held responsible for their return and caieful usage. In case they are unavoidably lost or killed in action, of which there must be some proof, the value will be paid the owner by a general assessment ujion those required to furnish horses. Horses so taken will be returned to their owners as soon as the necessity for their use is past. In no case will horses be taken to mount a militiaman who can mount himself, unless by so doing he would entirely strip his own farm. By command of Brigadier-General Merrill: Geo. M. Houston, Major and Assistant Adiutant-General. [Ibid., pp. 704, 705.] On September 1, 1862, immediatel}" after the org-aiiization of the 8t. Louis board of assessment, the governor of the State addressed the banks and banking- institutions of the city of St. Louis, as follows: Headquartees Missovki State Militia, St. Louis, September 1, 1862. Sir: The State requires the sum of $150,000 to purchase arms for the militia, and as you have seen from an order of General Schofield, it is intended to raise the money by as.sessments upon those who are the known enemies of the Government. 64 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. In the meantime it is necessary to have the money for the above purpose imme- diately, an(t I liave caused the sum to be divided among the banks of the city in l)r(>p(irti()n to their cajjital. In such distribution I have to recjuest that you will make provision for ij^ , so that the ^tate can have the use of it until sutticient money shall be collected by the assessments, out of the first of which the money now asked will be repaid. Your obedient servant, H. R. Gamble. [Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, Appendix, p. 354.] The money, $150,000, asked for by Governor Gamble was promptly advanced and was expended in the State service, but the authority for or the expediency of the proposed assessment having- been called in question, the governor, on December 2, 1862, addressed the banks from whom advances had been received, as follows: St. Louis, December 2, 1863. Sir: I appealed some time since to the different banks and banking institutions of the city for an advance of the sum of $150,000 for the purpose of arming the enrolled militia of the State, the advance to be refunded out of the proceeds of an assessment then recently ordered by General Schofield. The banks with commendable promptness made the advance. My present object is to know whether the institutions will release the security afforded by the assessment, and rely upon the State for the repayment of the money which has been expended in its service. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. R. Gamble, Governor of Missouri. [Ibid., p. 354.] To this letter the banking institutions replied in form as follows: St. Louis, December 4, 1S62. Hon. H. R. Gamble, Governor of Missouri. Dear Sir: Understanding from your communication of 2d instant that it is desired that the assessment should be disj^ensed with, I am authorized to say that if such should be ■ the case, the will waive any claim we may have on the funds which would have been collected from that source. Respet'tfuUy, etc., . [Ibid., p. 355.] Under date of December 5. 1862, General Scholield, in answer to a communication from the president of the assessment board, stated that in the matter of the proposed assessment he had acted upon his own responsibility as an officer of the United States and not under the orders of the governor of Missouri, though the measure had the approval of that official. Following is a copy of General Scholield's letter: St. Louis, Mo., Decembers, 1S62. James S. Thomas, Esq., President St. Louis Coioiti/ Board. Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your comnmnication of the 3d instant, in which you request me to answer, for the information of the county board, the following questions touching Special Orders No. 91, issued by me, and under which your Ijoaixl is now acting: First. Is it ordered under the authority or approval of Hamilton R. Gamble as governor of the State of ^lissouri? Second. Is it an order of your own as connuander of the State troops of jNIissouri, or as commander of the militia enrolled under the order of the governor? Third. Is it an order of your own as counnander of the military Di-strict of Mis- souri; and if so, is it recognized by the War Department? These questions can doubtless l)e most satisfactorily answered by a brief reference to the military condition of Missouri at and about the time the order was issued, and to the position occupied by myself at that time. By appointment from the major- general commanding the De]iartment of the ^lississippi, I was commander of tlie ENKOLLED MISSOUKI MILITIA. 65 military Di.-^trift of Missouri, and as guch, acted i>urely under the authority of the United States. I was placed here for a certain definite i)urpose, which may be briefly stated — to restore the authority of the United States throughout the State of Missouri and to restore and preserve the peace of the State. To enable me to accom- plish this, there was placed at my disposal a certain military force, composed of United States Volunteers and the State militia raised for this special service, under an agreement lietween the governor of Missouri and the President of the United States. For a time this force seemed quite sufficient for the purpose, but soon military oi)erations in Arkansas and Tennessee rendered necessary the withdrawal from Mis- souri of a large portion of the troops originally assigned to my command. Soon after this, in pursuani'e of a plan of the rebel government, large numbers of rebel troops from 3Iissouri were sent back into the State with commissions to recruit and organize troops for the Southern army. Some of these returned rebels succeeded in passing secretly through our lines, others were arrested, and others gave them- selves lip and took the required oath and parole, professing their desire to return to their allegiance. These emissaries from the rebel government spread themselves over the State, and secretly enlisted, organized, and officered a very large number of men; places of rendezvous were designated, and all were ordered to hold themselves in readiness to asseml)le when the signal should be given. Their plan was to main- tain their ground in Missouri, if possible, and if not, to make the best of their way into Arkansas. They were pi'omised, and to some extent received, cooperation from the enemy's forces in the latter State. So extensive was their organization that not- withstanding the discovery and partial prostration of the scheme, not less than 10,000 guerrillas were at one time in arms in Missouri. Aware of the impending danger. I called upon the I'nited States Government for more troops. The reply was that not a single regiment could be furnished. There was nothing left, then, but to call forth the latent power of the State to save her from the horrors of guerrilla war, and to preserve the authority of the United States within her borders. I therefore availed myself of my position as brigadier-general of the Missouri militia, and called upon the Government for authority to enroll and organize all the militia of the State and to call into active service such force as I might deem necessary. This authority was readily granted, and the work immediately commenced. With the immense difficulties which lay in the way of its successful prosecution, arising from the appre- hension and distrust excited in the minds of the jieople, both loyal and disloyal, and the doubts existing in the minds of many of the success of so great an experiment, tried for the first time in the country, your board are, perhaps, as familiar as myself. Its final triumph and happy results are known to every one in Missouri. Not the least of the difficulties to be overcome was to provide the means for arming and subsisting this force. Some arms were furnished by the United States, but soon this source failed. Subsistence was entirely denied. I was therefore again thrown upon my own resources to provide the means for performing the duty assigned me by the Government, viz, "to take care of Missouri." Under these circumstances I deter- mined that those who. by their open or secret aid and encouragement to the rebellion, had brought upon the State so great a calamity should bear the extraordinary expense necessary to bring back a state of peace and prosperity, and at the same time be made to realize that such crimes could not be committed with impunity. The mode of accomplishing this was a matter for careful consideration, particularly whether it should be done under State or Federal authority. The money was to be chiefly used for the support of a State force, for whose maintenance the United States were in no way responsible and provided for by no law of Congress. The State was entirely without means to meet such expense, and I was so informed by the governor. On the other hand, this force was called into existence solely to enable me to discharge the important and difficult duty assigned me by the United States Government, and to enable me and my predecessors Jo accomplish which we had been entrusted with all the powers of martial law. There was manifestly no other law, either State or Federal, under which the money required could be raised for the specific purpose, either by assessment of disloyal pei-sons or otherwise, nor by which those guilty of aiding in bringing calamity upon the State could be made to feel the sting of just retribution before it should be too late to produce good results. It was therefore manifest that the order should spring from United States authority, the source of martial law. Hence the order was issued from "Headquarters District of ^Missouii," and possessed whatever of force I could give it in my capacity as representative of the military power of the United States in ^Missouri. The above is substantially an answer to all your questions. I acted in this, as in all other matters, upon my own responsibility as an officer of the United States, and not under the orders of the governor of Missouri. It was a matter with which the S. Doc. 412 5 (U) MISSOUKI TROOPS UNION. governor had otliiially nothiiiii' to do, althouiili he express^ed unhe:?itatingly his approval of the ineat!ure, and j>roeeeded at onee to raise fnnds to meet the prej^ent neeesfsities of tlie niihtary serviee, pledging, as he was anthorized by me to do, the money to he raised by assessment to meet the liabilities thns incurred. Your lirst question may therefore be brielly answered thus: Tlu' order was issued not under the authority Imt with the ajtproval of the governor of Missouri. Your siH-ond nuestion is answered in the negative. In order that your third question may be iuUy answered, it is proper for me to state that no intimation of either approval or disapjiroval of the measure has ever reached me from the AVar Department. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. ^I. SCHOFIELD. Brigadier-GetuvaL [Ollicial Ki'cords of the Fnion and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part I, pp. 8U)-S1L'.] Tho ent'oivoinont ol' the a^ssossnient oidor l\v General Sekorield eve- nted oreat dissatisfaetion and serious opposition. A memorial on the subjeet addressed to the o-overnor of the State Avas l)y him referred to ISIajor-Cieneral Curtis, eommandino- the Department oi the ^Missouri, \vho. on Deeember 5>. lStiL\ referred the matter to the (leneral in Chief, with eomments relative to the h'uality of the tax. Following is a eop3^ of this eonnmmieatiim: IIkaooiartkks Dei'.vkt.mknt of the Ml-XSOIKI. St. Louia, Dvcnnber 9, 186;?. I have carefully read this communication of the Rev. Dr. Eliot, and oonsideved the grave questions involved. An onler was issued by C-ieneral Sehotield, eonnnanding the District of ^lissouri, to levy half a million of dollars from the " secessionists and Southern sympathizers of St. Louis County, for subsisting, clothing, and arming the enrolled nulitia while in ai'tive service and in jn-oviding for the support of such families of militiamen and United States Volunteei-s as may be left destitute." As tlie fund is only to apply to State troops and State paupers. I supposed the order was issued by General Sohofield in his capacity of a State brigadier-general; but the indorsement to me by the gov- ernor and the comnumication of General Sehotield of the oth instant, directed to the board of conuuissioners, seem to invoke the responsibility of the United States as the sole author of this assessment. Before taking any step myself in this matter, 1 there- fore submit certain legal questions which arise in my mind to the consideration of the eonnnanding general in chief: » Can the I'nited States levy and collect a special tax of this sort for a State purpose? Are the enrolled militia iii "active service" a State or United States charge? Does not such direct tax by the United States conflict with the general direct tax levied by Congress? Does it not conflict w ith the contiscation law? Does it not contiict with the Constitution in the mode and object of taxation and the right of the State to provide for its own militia? The right to nn'ct a military necessity by foned laws or forced assessments I claim as a military necessity, but I do not perceive that such a necessity is presented now where the t>rder seems to apply. I have, therefore, to refer the matter to ^Nlaj. Gen*. H. W. Halleck, whose deter- mination will be conmmnicated to theawereuil and very worthy author of this doc- ument and to his excellency the governor. Respectfully, " Sami.. K. Ciktis, ^[ajo)•-Geln^al. [Ibid., pp. S02. 81)8.] On the followino- day, Deeember 10. 18»i:2, General Curtis addressed a letter to Governor (iamble on the same subjeet, in whieh he said: Headqiarteks Depaktmext of the Missouri, ^. Loui.% Dt'ceiuber 10, 1S63. Gov. Hamhtox R. Gamble, .S/. Louis, ifo. Sir: Your note of the 1st instant, on the subject of assessment, saying that yon inform gentlemen who come to you "that the assessment stands upon I'nited States authority, and not upon State authority," was duly received and carefully consid- ENHOLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 67 ered. 1 have supposed it a State prooeedint;, and expressed my determination to support your otHeers in tlieir efforts to exeeute your will, if found necessary. Since you and" (icneral Schotield repird it as an act of the United States, iirave questions arise in mv mind as to tlie harmony of my exercise of such powers in the face of the Constitution, the revenue laws, and the confiscation act. I have, therefore, referred the whole matter to headquarters, for the consider.iUion of (leneral llalleck, pending which the President has directed me to stay all further proceedings. I have the honor to be, governor, your excellency's obedient servant, Saml. E. Curtis, Major-General, Commanding Deimrtment of the Missouri. [Ibid., p. 827.] i The instructions of the President refer rod to in General Curtis's letter to (xovernor (iainl)!*^ were as follows: ExEccTivK ^Mansion, Wa.ression and to prevent confusion. The Enrolled ^Militia are under the exclusive command of their own officers, except when they are by express orders placed under the command of Ignited States oflicers, and they will be governed only by such orders as may be issued from these head- quartei-s. If, therefore, any officers of the Enrolled Militia are engaged in making assessments in pursuance of orders from United States commanders they will imme- diately suspend all action under said orders. Xo orders authorizing assessments have ever been issued from these headquarters, and none will, therefore, be made by the Enrolled IMilitia. Bv order of the Coimnander in Chief: W.M. D. Wood, Acting Adjutant-General. [Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, Appendix, p. 100.] On the following day Governor Gamble advised the President of his action in a communication of which the following is a copy: Jefferson City, Mo., December 31, 1862. His Excellencv Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States: I have stopped all assessments of Enrolled Militia. Please order by telegraph the suspension of all assessments by United States officei-s. Great distress is produced. H. R. Gamble, Governor of Missouri. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part I, p. 888.] 68 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. A few days later, on Januai'v 3, l8t)3, Brigadiei'-Ueneral Merrill, eoininandinn- the District of Northeastern Missouri, instructed his sub- ordinates relative to assessments as follows: CiKCi'LAK.] Headquarters District of Northeastern Missouri, Warrentoti, Mo., Januanj S, 1S63. Gentlemen: I am directed by General Merrill to instruct you that no ordei*s from any competent source have lieen given to stop the as.-?essment in northern Missouri, and that no such order will be made at any future time, except it l)e by some authority of an otti^er superior to himself, and then it will be against his hearty pro- test. You will accordingly proceed with your work as rapidly as possible in order that the amounts assessed may be collected at once. Should any order st(»pping the assessment be made by proper authority you will be at om-e notified. I am directed to state, in addition, that, iu this matter, you are not under the control of any local military commaudei-s. or subject to any orders, except those from General Merrill. Neither are you sul)ject to any control from the governor or any othcer of the Enrolled Militia of this State in regard to the matter. By order of Brigadier-General ^lerrill: Geo. M. HorsTox, Major and Assistant Adjulani-Generah [Ibid., Part II, p. 16.] On Januar}' 5, 1803, the President addressed Major-General Curtis on the same subject in a letter of. which the following is a copj" Executive Maxsiox, Waietter than a secondary spring of action; that hunkerism and a wish for political influence stand before Unionism with him. On the other hand, it is urged that arrests, banish- ments, and assessments are made more for private malice, revenge, and pecuniary interest than for the public good. This morning I was told by a gentlemen, who I have no doubt believes what he says, that in one case of assessments for $10,000, the different jiersons who paid compared receipts, and found they had paid Si30,000. If this l>e true, the inference is that the collecting agents pocketed the odd $i'0,000. And true or not in the instance, nothing but the sternest necessity can justify the making and maintaining of a system so liable to such abuses. Doubtless the neces- sity for the making of the system in ^Missouri did exist, and whether it continues for the maintenance of it is now a practical and very important question. Some days ago Governor Gamble telegraphed me, asking that the assessments outside of St. Louis County might be suspended, as they already have been within it, and this morning all the members of Congress herefrom Missouri but one laid a paper before me asking the same thing. Now, my belief is that Governor Gamble is an honest and true man, not less so than yourself; that you and he could confer together on this and other Missouri questions, with great advantage to the public; that each knows something which the other does not, and that acting together you could about double your stock of pertinent information. ^lay I not hope that you and he will attempt this? I could at once safely do (or you could safely do without me) whatever you and he agree upon. There is absolutely no reason why you should not agree. Yours, as ever, A. Lincoln'. [Ibid., i)p. 17, 18.] On rlanuarv:20, 18(53, the Secretary of War advised General Curtis that the order suspendino- ••assessments for damaoes" was not designed to be limited to St. Louis, but was meant to include all such assess- ments in the State of INIissouri. Following is a copy of his communi- cation: ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 69 War Department, Washington, January 20, 1863. Major- General Curtis, St. Louu, Mo.: The order suspending for the present any further action upon assessments for dam- ages was not designed to be limited to St. Louis, but was meant to include all such assessments in the State of ^Missouri. You will, therefore, suspend them until further instructions. Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War. [Ibid., p. 64.] And on the same day Brigadier-General Morrill, whose order of Januar^^S, 1S63, is quoted al>ove, issued the followino- circuhir. copies of which were addressed to his subordinate commanders: Circular.] Headquarters District of Northeastern Missouri, ]]'arrerit(>n. Mo., January 20, 1863. Gentlemen: You will not, for the present, continue the collection of any assess- ments you have made. It is hoped that the proper knowledge of this matter on the part of the President will soon permit the resumption of your work, which for the present, on account of strong opposition made to it by your representatives in Con- gress and the President, must be suspended. It would be well to let your repre- sentatives have a knowledge of your feelings on the suliject, as they are now work- ing against it with such force as makes it advisable to bend to the pressure for a little while, for fear of a Presidential ()rder revoking the whole thing. With much respect, your obedient servant, Lewis Merrill, Brigadier-General, Commanding District of Northeastern Missouri. [Ibid., p. 64.] It is possible that some of the more recent of the foreg-oing- orders and instructions had reference to assessments for the payment of damages sustained b}' loyal citizens from the depredations of guer- rilla bands, as w^ell as to the assessments for the support of the loyal militia. The history of the former class of assessments, however, is foreign to the subject of this paper. It is sufficient here to state that the project of making assessments upon the alleged disloyalists for the support of the Enrolled Missouri Militia does not appear to have been revived. It will be seen from another part of this paper that about the time the project was aV)andoncd provision was made by the General Government to furnish the Enrolled Missouri Militia with forage, subsistence, and transportation when on active service, and that author- itv was subsequently given by the Secretary of War for the issue of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and medical supplies. Provision was made by the legislature of the State for the "pay- ment and support" of the Enrolled Missouri ^Nlilitiaby an act approved March 9, 1863, of which the following is an extract: AN ACT to provide the means for the payment and support of the enrolled militia forces of the State of Missouri. Be it enacted by the general nss^endihj of the State of Missouri, as folio ira; § 1. For the purpose of paying tlie Enrolled Militia, inclutling surgeons and physi- cians, who have been in the service of the State, and such other militia forces as may be ordered into the service of said State, the governor is hereby authorized and directed to cause to be issued State bonds as the same may be required from time to time, to pay the militia forces aforesaid for services actually rendered to the State, in sums of one, three, five, ten, and twenty dollars each; in all not to exceed in amount three millions of dollars, and which shall be known as "Union Military Bonds," and shall be payable at the office of the treasurer in Jefferson City, ^Missouri, twelve 70 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. inonthti after date, with six jhm- (.-eiitum interest from date, out of tiie Union Military Fund hereinafter providetl, and shall be redeemable at any time thereafter at the pleasure of the State. •X- ***** * §9. A fund is hereby created which shall be denominated the " Union ^Military Fund," and shall consist of all moneys that may come into the Treasury of the State from appropriations made by the Congress of the United States to the State of Mis- souri, for the purpose of ]iayin<: tlie militia forces thereof, or for indemnity for expenses incurred in sujiiiressing the rebellion, or by loan for that purpose: aqd all taxes, dues, assessments, lines, and other liabilities that may l)e levied, assessed, and collected for, or may be due or coming to said State, by virtue of this or any other act for the special purj^ose of paying the militia: and this fund shall l)e and is pledged for the payment and redemption of all the bonds, principal and interest, which may be issued under this act (and sliall be set apart by the Treasurer for that purpose only), and paid out under its provisions. § 10. Facii and every jierson liable to do and perform military service contained within the following classes, shall l)e exempt from such service during each year on the annual payment of a conmmtation tax in consideration of such exemption equal to ten dollars each, and one per cent, upon the assessed value of his property: First, all persons who have refused, or who may hereafter refuse, for any cause, to perform military service. The commutation tax, in this section provided, shall be assessed and collected on assessment rolls, to be made out for each county by such military otticei'f as maybe assigned to that duty, and such commutation tax shall be collected and paid into the State Treasury as part of said fund, as jn-ovided in the next section. ******* § 14. The governor is hereby authorized and directed to borrow any sum of money not exceeding one million live hundred thousand dollars upon bonds of the State, signeil by himself and countersigned by the Secretary of State, with the great seal of the State attached, not having less than one, nor more than three years to run, at seven percent, interest, with i-oupous attached for the interest, payable semiannually at Jefferson City, ^lissouri. Said bonds shall be redeemal>le at maturity, and the principal and interest shall be paid out of the Military Fund i-reated liy this act. The bonds thus issued shall be registered in the secretary's otHce. and the money borrowed thereupon shall be paid out to the Enrolled Militia for active service, as presi'ribed in this act. These loans may be obtained from banks, or individuals, in 3Iissouri paper, United States Treasury notes made a legal tender, or other current funds: anil in case said loan is effected," the bonds in this bill provided shall not be issued. Approved, March 9, 1863. [Laws of ^lissouri, 1868, pp. 25-29.] In an act of the logislature apprDvod Maivli '2o. 18(i3. the tenth sec- tion of the act of Mareh \K 18(io. was so amemled as to require the annual payment of >^oO instead of SlO eoininiitatioi\ tax in lieu of personal service. As reported by the adjutant-o-eneral of the State (Annual Keport, 18G3, p. 30), the provisions of the State law permitting:- exemption from militia duty on the payment of the eommutation tax interfered o-reatly with the etlicieney of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, and it was found expedient by the oovernor of the State to order that the law shoidd not apply to ])ersons who had bi>en detailed for active service in the provisional rciiiments luiless the payment of the tax had been made in advance of the detail. Followino- is a copy of the order: Gener.vl Orders. \ Heaoqi arters State of Missouri, ^ Ap.titaxt-Gexeral's Office, No. 14. j -Sr. Louis, April ^3, 1S6S. ******* II. The section in the act of the general assembly, approved March 3, 1863, which allows of exemption from militia duty npon payment of a commutation tax is not to be so construed as to allow of an exemption to any person who may be detailed for active service in the provisional regiments, unless the i>ayment of the tax shall be made before the pei-son shall be detaileil for service. All pei-sons, thei-efore, who ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 71 are lial)le to detail, and who deisire to obtain exemptions, must comph' with the law by making the payment immediately. "Bv order of the Commander in Chief: John B. Gray, A djutant- General. [Annual Report Adjutant-General of ^Missouri, 186:], p. 30.] Measures were also adopted to compel the service of persons subject to military duty who should fail to pay the couuuutation tax. The orders on this sul)ject were as follows: Gexekai. Okdeks, ) Headquarters State of Missouri, I Adjutant-General's Office, Xo. 28. j St. Louis, September 14, 1S63. 1. All persons subject to military duty in this State who have been assessed by the commissaries of exemption for refusing to perform militia duty, and who fail to pay their connnutation tax to the ])roper collector, when called on for the same, and become delinquent, shall be reported by such collector to the commander of his Enrolled .Missouri Militia district, or to such other person as said district commander shall designate. The district commander shall cause all such persons to lie arrested without delay, and reiiuire them to perform militia duty until said tax is fully discharged. If any delinquent be considered an improper person to liear arms, he will be required to perform fatigue duty. And all sui-h persons will be allowed the same pay as other persons similarly employed in the Enrolled Missouri Militia. By order of the Commander in Chief: John B. Gray, Adjutant- General. [Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, Appendix, p. 214.] General Orders, ^ Headi^uarters State of Missouri, V Adjutant-General's Office, No. 5. ] Si. Loui.'i, February 20, 1864. I. By direction of the commander in chief, the following officers of the Enrolled Missouri ^Militia are hereby detailed for active service as commissaries of exemptions for the counties set opi>osite their names, for the current year, and will at once enter upon the discharge of their duties as such. ******* V. All persons who have heretofore or who shall hereafter fail to pay the com- mutation tax, when properly assessed, are required to perform military service until said tax is paid, they receiving the pay allowed to other persons in the military serv- ice of the same grade, and the commissaries of exemptions will cause all such per- sons to be arrested and require them to perform fatigue duty until said tax is fully discharged. By order of ]Maj. Gen. W. S. Rosecrans: John B. Gray, Adjutant-General. [Annual Report Adjutant-General of ^Missouri, 1864, pp. 38-40.] General Orders, 1 Headquarters State of Missouri, j- Adjutant-General's Office, No. 20. J St. Louis, May 10, 1864. ******* II. Commissaries of exemptions are furthermore directed to forward to the com- manding officers of their respective districts, upon the date above mentioned, a list embracing the names and residence of all persons liable to perform militia duty within their counties who have failed to enroll in compliance with existing orders, and who have t^een assessed in consequence of such failure, or who have failed to pay the comnuitation tax when properly called upon, either for the year 1863 or 1864, in order that such persons may be an-ested and required to perform fatigue duty until said tax be fully discharged, in compliance with the provisions of General Orders, No. 5, current series, from these headquarters. ******* By order of Maj. Gen. W. S. Rosecrans: John B. Gr.vy, Adjutant-General of Missouri, [Ibid., p. 43.] 72 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. OBJECT OF ORGANIZATION, COMMAND, SERVICE, STATUS. The object of the organization of the Enrolled ^Missouri Militia, as given in the general orders relating to their enrollment and embodi- ment as a military force, need not be here repeated. C'ontemporane- ou^ily ^\ith the issue of those orders General Schotield addressed the General in Ghief. through his assistant adjutant-general, a letter in which he said, with regard to the purpose of the organization: Headquarters St. Louis District, St. Loui.% Mo., Julij '26, 1862. Col. J. C. Kelton, Assistant Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C. Colonel: I have the honor to inclose, for the information of tlie major-general commanding, copies of orders recently issued by the governor of ^lissouri and myself, directing an enrollment of all the militia of the State preparatory to calling into service such force as any emergency may render necessary. ^ly reasons for adopting this course are the following: Large numbers of returned soldiers from Price's army, having found their way back to their homes, have secretly organized nearly the entire rebel portion of the State and are beginning to carry out the declared intention of some of their leaders to wage a war of destruction and extermination upon the loyal people, while Price is organizing a force in Arkan- sas with the purpose of reentering Missouri, if possil)le. So much has tlie jn-obabil- ity of this result taken hold of the rebel mind in Missouri that a general rising among them is certain unless prompt and vigorous measures lie taken to put it down. Whether any considerable force will attempt to enter ^Missouri lam hardly able to judge, as it depends mainly upon the movements of General Curtis and their result. One thing is certain, there is now near the Arkansas line, south of Holla, a much larger force than I can cope with unless I concentrate a large portion of my force and leave a corresponding portion of the State to be overrun by guerrillas. This is the immediate and pressing necessity which has induced me to call at once for all of the militia of the State to be in readiness for any emergency that may arise. The ulti- mate and still more important end to be accomplished is to place the State in a condi- tion to take care of itsell without expense to the United States, and thus justify a with- drawal for more important service of troops in the service and pav of the United States. * * * * * ' * * I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. M. SCHOFIELD, Brigadier-(Trueral. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 513.] On August 11, 1862. Governor Gamble, writing to the General in Chief, said: Officers from Price's army have been for some time recruiting in north Missouri. I onlered a general enrollment of militia. [Ibid., p. 557.] A few davs later it was announced in an order from State headquar- ters (General Orders, No. 23, of October 23, 1862): Thev are a bodv organized for the purpose of preventing violations of the law of the State. [Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64. Part I, Appendix, p. 89.] On November 2-1, 1862, Brigadier-General \\'armoth, commanding the Second District, Enrolled Missouri ]\Iilitia, declared in a circular order: "The Enrolled Militia of the State of Missouri is in active serv- ice for the purpose of maintaining and executing the civil laws of the State." The fidl text of the order is as follows: Headquarters Second District, E. M. M., Rolla, Mrember 24, 1862. The Ennilled MiHtia of the State of Missouri is in active service for the purpose of maintaining and executing the t-ivil laws of the State. This being the principal object, it will be well for all militia commanders in this district to fully understand it. ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 73 The laws of the State are for the protection of the hves, liberty, and the property of its citizens. Loyalty is a necessary ingredient to citizenship, and without it no man is entitled to protection, either for himself or his property. Under the laws of the State of Missouri, property is recognized in slaves. Fre- quent letters have been received at these headquarters asking the advice of the com- manding general in regard to fugitive slaves. It h hereby ordered, " That the slaves of all loyal citizens who shall escape to the lines of the militia of this district shall, upon application and full satisfaction of the loyalty of the owner, be given up." "Whatever policy may be adopted by the General Government with regard to this species of property, it is not for the militia to anticipate, but it is hoped that a spe- cial regard will be had for the property of Union men, of whatever description it may consist. While our statute books contain legal enactments and provisions recognizing prop- erty in negroes, it will be the duty of the militia to i^rotect the owner in the free enjoyment of his property. In this way dissimulation and discord will cease, pros- perity, peace, and happiness be welcomed as they return to the hearths of the great Commonwealth. By order of — H. C. Warmoth, Brigadier-General, Comvianding. [Ibid., p. 89.] On December 5, lSr)2, General Schotield, in a letter to the president of the St. Louis Count}- as.sessment board, quoted in full in another part of this report, stated, in etfect. that the purpose of the organiza- tion was to suppress guerrilla warfare in the State of Missouii. "■ and to preserve the authority- of the United States within her borders.'' The objects for Avhich the provisional regiments of Enrolled Mis- souri Militia were formed will appear in a chapter devoted to those regiments. Under date of December 30, 1862, an order was issued by authority of the governor of the State (General Orders, No. 50, quoted above), in which it was declared: The Enrolled INIilitia are under the exclusive command of their own officers,, except when they are by express orders placed under the command of United States officers, and they will be governed only by such orders as may be issued from these [State] headquarters. As regards the status of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, Brigadier- General Vaughan, commanding the Fifth Military District, said, in a general order, dated March 11, 1S63: General Orders, \ Headquarters Fifth Military District, E. M. M., No. 3. J Lexivgton, Mo., March 11, 1S63. The E. M. M. is exclusively a State force, organized by State authority and in accordance with State laws, and as such is not amenable to or ))0und by any other law. You are therefore required in all your dealings to obey and enforce the State law. By order of — Brk4. Gen. R. C. Vaughax. Commanding Fifth Military District, E. M. M. [Ibid., p. 90.] On April 23, 1803, General Orders. No. 1-1, were issued from State headquarters prohibiting enlistments from the Enrolled Militia into the volunteer service of the United States when such militia had been detailed for active service. Following is a copy of the order: General Orders, ^ Headquarters State of ^Missouri, [ Adjutant-General's Office, No. 14. J St. Loim, April ^3, 1863. 1. Hereafter no enlistments will be allowed from any organization of. Enrolled Missouri Militia into the volunteer service of the United States when such militia . -i MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. shall have becMi lU'tailoil for active service, and shall have been embodied as a force in the tield. ******* r>v order of the Comnuuider in Chief: John" B. Gray, Adjiitant-Gi'neral. [Il>id.. p. 257.] On May 29, 18<5o, thiM'onuiiand of tlie Enrolled ^Missouri Militia then in actual service Avithin the State, includinu- the Provisional Reo-inients, was conferred upon Major-General Schotield, who had been assigned to the conunand of the Department of the Missouri. This was done in orders from Stat(^ headquarters put)lished in ueneral orders from headquarters Oepartment of the Missouri, as follows: General Orders, \ IlEAnQiAin-EKs Dei'aktmext of the ^Iissouri, Xo. 45. J St. Louis, May 30, 1863. The following order from headquarters State of Missouri, is published for the infornuition of all concerned: *' General Orders, ^ "Headquarters State of Missouri, \ " Ad.iutant-General's Office, "No. 17. ) "St. Louis, Moil ^'^^, 1S63. "1. The coinniand of the Enrolled Militia now in actual service within the State, including the Provisional Regiments, is conferred upon Maj. Gen. John 31. Schotield, commanding the Department of the Missouri. ******* "By order of the Commander in Chief: "Alexander Lowrv, " C(iptai)i a)id Assistant Adjutant-General." Commanding officers of KnroUed Militia in actual service will make the customary reports and returns to the commanders of the districts in which they may be serv- ing. These returns will be consolidated at district headquarters and forwarded to department headquarters in the usual manner, but separate from the return of other troops. By command of Major-CTeneral Schotield: A. V. COLBURX, Assistant Adjutant- General. Under date of July '2\K ISOo. (xeneral Schotield declared, in an order from headquarters Department of the ]Missoui"i. that the act of Con- gress approved March 13. 18ti-2, prohibiting persons in the military service of the United States from employing any of the force under their command for the purpi>se of returning fugitives from service or lal)or, api)lied to the Enrolled Missouri >Iilitia in active service, and that they woidd not be permitted to aid the civil autlu)rities in the arrest and return of fugitive slaves. Following is a copy of the order: Oexeral Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, No. 75. J St. Louis, Mo., Juhi ;?9, 1S63. The act of Congress approved March 13, 1S62, prohibits all otlicers or persons in the military service of the United States from employing any of the forces imder their command for the juirpose of returning futritives from service or labor. To prevent misapi>rehension as to the scope of this prohibition it is hereby declared to extend to all troops in this department, including the Enrolled Militia of Missouri in active service. The latter, V>eing under the command of the major-seneral commanding the department, can not be permitted to aid civil othcei-s in the arrest or return of fugitive slaves. Bv command of Major-(.Tenen\l Schotield: C. W. Marsh, A ssista nt A djuta nt-Gen eral. ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 75 C)ii Auu'iiNt Jl>. 18<'>8. the oem^nil orders previously is.sued from State head((uarters ])rohil)itiiio- enlistments from the Enrolled Missouri Militia into tlie United States volunteer serviee were revoked. This was done in General Oiders, No. 21, of which the following is a eopy: Gexekai. Orders, ■) Heaixitarters State of ^IissorRi, y Adjutant-General's Office, No. 21. j St. Louis, Angmt 19, 1S63. So much of General Orders, No. 14, current series, from these headquarters, us prohibits euHstments from the Enrolled Militia, while in active service, into the volunteer service, is hereby revoked; provided, however, that enlistments out of this force shall be subjec't to such restrictions as may, for the good of the service, be made In- Major-General Schotield, commandinsr that portion of the Enrolled ^Missouri Militia which is now in active service. By oi-der of tlie Commander in Chief: John B. Gray, Adjutant-GeneraL [Journal ^Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, Appendix, p. 257.] And on August 27, 18(33, the action of the governor in permitting enlistments into the volunteer service of the United States was pro- mulgated in general orders froui headquarters Department of the Missouri, as follows: General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, Xo. 89. I St. Louis, Mo., August 27, 1863. Men belonginir to the Enrolled ]\Iilitia of ^Missouri, in active service, are permit- ted by the order of the governor of Missouri to enlist in United States volunteer regiments. But to prevent abuse, it is ordered that when such men are duly enlisted, their names, with the company to which they belong, and a certificate of their enlist- ment, shall V>e sent by the recruiting offieer to the colonel of their regiment, with the request for their discharge. The colonel will order their discharge from his regi- ment, provided there be no charges against them. But if they are charged with any offense, they will not be dischargetl, but will be held for trial and punishment. No militiaman so enlisted will leave his militia company until he shall receive his discharge from the colonel of his regiment. Without such discharge, his enlistment in a volunteer regiment will be regarded null and void. Bv command of Major-3eneral Si-hotield: C. ^\. Marsh, Aily to all Missouri militia called into active service under the orders of the department commander. * * * * * * * By command of Major-General Schofield: J. A. Campbell, Assistant Adjutant-Geueral. On September 26, 1863, the militia of the State, whether in active service or not, was placed by the governor under the command of 76 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. jSIajor-Cicnoral Schotield until further orders. This was done in (leiKM-al Orders, No. 24. from headcpiarters State of Missouri, which Avere published in orders from department lieadcjuarters, as foUows: General Okders, \ Headquarters Department of the MissorRi. No. 102. ( St. Loui.% Mo., Srpfeinher J.. 1864, and. in (icneral Orders. No, 4. headtjuarters State of Missouri, dated Fel)ruary 2. lS(t4. Oeneral Rosecrans was phiced in conunand "of all the militia of tin^ St:ite." thus suct'ceding to the authority, with respect to tiie State militia, previously bestowed upon his immediate prede- cessor in conunand of the militar}- department. General RosciM'ans .Avas siieceeded on December !•, 1864, by Major- (xeneral Dodge. l)ut it does not appear that the latter was invested with the command of the Enrolled Missouri Militia. In his report (not dated) of operations in Missouri and northwestern Arkansas from April 10 to Nc^vember 2ected, and this was regarded as a step toward preparation for it. Thousands fled from the State to avoid the enrollment. By the disloyal of all shades it was assumed as part of a general conscription, intended to force them into the ranks to fight against their Southern friends. Many young men, who would otherwise have been glad to remain quietly at home, were induced by these misrepresentations to enter the rebel ranks. Indeed, the question what to do with the disloyal among those subject to military duty was the most difficult one to settle. Their obligation to do the required service was certainly no less, if not far greater, than that of the loyal. It was regarded by the loyal jieople, and apparently with justice, a great hardship that rebel sympathizers should be excused from the military duty which was required of those who had been faithful to their allegiance. Whatever may be said of the policy of embodying unfaithful men in a large army it would manifestly have l^een ruinous in a scattered force, such as the militia must often be, and where the loyal would often be outnumbered by the traitors. It was first proposed to exempt them upon payment of a certain fee, but this proved impracticable. A sum which the poor man in the country could pay was 78 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. ridiculously small wheu required of the \vealth.y man in the eity. ^lany reputed loyal men, but more mindful of their comforts than of the salvation of their coun- try, would willingly pay a hiu;h fee, which the really loyal [joor man could not, and thus throw upon the shoulders of his poor neighbor the l)urdens, of which the latter was willing to ))ear his share but not the whole. Finally it wa^; determined to take the high ground that none but those of approved lo\'alty should be required or per- mittetl to bear arms in defense of the State. I have had no reason since to doubt the correctness of the principle thus established nor the wisdom of the policy pur- sued under it. Another serious question was how to provide the means for arming, subsisting, and clothing this force. A portion of the arms required were supplied from the United States Arsenal, but they were of a kind poorly adapted to the service required of the militia. Subsistence was entirely denied, and clothing was out of the question. The State was entirely without means. The calamity under which the State was suffering had been brought upon her by the influence of prominent and wealthy persons, thou-sands of whom were still living in the State, and even in the city of St. Louis, enjoying the protection of the Gov- ernment, and many of them growing rich upon their country's calamity. These persons even yet did not hesitate to talk annrolled Militia Viave been of great value, not only during the summer of 1862, when they were first organized, but also during the jiresent year. The ten Provisional Regiments which tlie governor organized for continuous service, and placed under my connnand, enabled me to relieve an equal force of United States troops and send them to (Tcneral ( irant. On several occasions I have called out from one to four additi(jnal regiments for temporary service, to meet emergencies as they have arisen. With a few exceptions, they have resi:)onded with pronqjtness and alacrity, and have done good service. As an example, illustrating the value of this organization, on the 18th instant I called out the Seventh Regiment of St. Louis to relieve troops in the city which 1 wished to send after Shelby. Within six hours after the orcler was made the whole city was under the guard of this regiment and a few colored recruits, and the old troops were on their way to Jefferson City. The regiment was just as valuable to me during the short time that its services were required as a regiment of regular troops would have l)een. There are some points of objection to the Enrolled ^Militia organization, arising from defects in the State laws. ^Militiamen are exempted from active service for one year upon payment of the small sum of $30. The consequence of this is that, as a rule, only the most worthless class of men are found in its ranks. The company officers are elected by the men, and share their social and political prejudices, in addition to being generally incompetent, and in some instances disloyal, or at best of doubted loyalty. To remedy these defects the Provisional Regiments were formed Ijy details of' both officers and men from all the regiments, eighty in number, of Enrolled Militia. In this manner ten regiments were formed for continuous active service of as good material as could be expected in a militia organization. They were troops of about an average quality, varying, however, greatly, some being very good and others verj' bad. From their intimate knowledge of the country and people they have been able to render quite as valuable service, in most cases, as United States troops could have done. In some cases they have been a positive injury, in conse- quence of their participation in the unfortunate partisan feeling which has sprung up in the State. This fact is the most serious objection to retaining them in service. There are also other objections which I will enumerate. This detail, by which the active regiments are formed, is an arl)itrary conscription, at least in many cases, and hence is more odious to the men than a regular draft. While these troops are Suji- plied by the United States with quartermaster, commissary, and ordnance stores, they must look to the State for pay. The resources of the State available for this purpose are now nearly exhausted, and hence if these troops serve much longer they must do so without pay. It will be impossible to preserve among them the discipline and good feeling necessary to their efficiency for any considerable time after their pay is stopped. For these reasons I have proposed to myself to gradually dispense with the serv- ices of these troops as fast as their places can be virtually supplied by new troo])s raised in Missouri for the general service, by volunteering or draft, and as fast as my success in Arkansas, and consequent increased securitj^ to Missouri, shall diminish the force necessary to be kept in service here. I have every reason to hope that in two or three months from this time these ten regiments can all l)e discharged; while, so far from having to recall troops from the main armies to take their place, addi- tional reenforcements can be sent from INIissouri to those armies. My original design in organizing the militia of ^Missouri was to prepare the entire military force of the State so that it could be quickly called into active service in any emergency; such, for example, as a raid from Arkansas, thus diminishing greatly the United States force necessary to be kept in Missouri. I still propose to carry out this plan, preserving and perfecting the organization of the militia regiments so that they will be available whenever they may be required. For the reasons I have stated, I would not recommend that these troops be kept in continuous service longer than nei-essary to prevent an actual withdrawal of troops from more important service. But I would not, for any reasons which now exist, or which I can now foresee, recommend that they be discharged until they can be spared without any diminution of the main armies. I have the honor to l)e, verj^ r^pectfully, your obedient servant, J. M. Schofield, 3/ajor- General. [Ibid., Vol. XXII, Part II, p. 666.] 80 MISSOUKI TROOPS UNION. In SrptiMuber, 1864, when Missouri was invaded ))v the Confederate forces under Maj, (ren. Sterlino- Price. ^lajor-General Rosecrans, then in command of the militar}" Department of the Missouri, issued an order callino' upon the citizens of the State to rally in its defense, stating- that the trovernor of the State had been informed of the threatened raid and requested to call the militia to serve until the invaders were destroyed or driven from the State, and on December 8. 18»>4, he issued a cono-ratulatory order (General Orders, No. 220), in which he returned thanks to the Enrolled Missouri Militia, among other troops, *'for the zeal and energ-y with which they performed all the duties devolving- upon them in the campaign which brought to nauglit Price's formidable raid and defeated the schemes of the rebels and traitors in Missouri and elsewhere against the State and the nation.'' Of the service of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, the adjutant-general of the State said in his annual report for the 3'ear 1803 (p. 22): Regiments and parts of regiments were ordered into active service and relieved therefrom at various times throughout the State whenever the emergency required it, and hfe and property, either from bands of guerrillas or an invasion of the enemy in force, became unsafe in any locality. In doing this a sound discretion was used, so as not to involve the State in too great an expense for their payment. Again, in the same report (p. 2-t), the adjutant-general said: During the month of January the Enrolled 31ilitia in active service were continu- ally engaged in skirmishes and fights with small bands of guerrillas and bushwhack- ers, in all of which they invariably routed the enemy whenever a fight could be gotten out of them or a stand was made. The heaviest engagement in which the enemy was in any considerable force was at the battle of Springfield, upon the 8th of that month, and the gallant part taken by the Enrolled Missouri Militia, under the com- mand of Brigadier-General Holland, in the defense of that point against the attack of the greatly outnumbering forces of the rebels under Marmaduke, forms a bright page in the history of our State troops. In his annual report for the year 1864, the adjutant-general said (p. 37): This body of our State forces, thus designated to distinguish it from other local troops in the service of the United States, .and which is properly the vulitia of the State, has performed an immense amount of duty throughout the State during the past year, and has proved a valuable adjunct to the troops in the service of the United States in not only repelling invasion in force, but in suppressing the bands of guer- rillas and cutthroats which, under the name of "Confederate soldiers," have, in a' great measure, succeeded in their attempts to desolate Missouri. In 1863 a concurrent resolution was passed by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Missouri as follows: Resolved hy the Senate {and House of Representatires concurring tlierehi), That a com- mittee of two (2) on the part of the senate and three (3) on the part of the house be appointed to memorialize Congress to extend to the Missouri State Militia and the Enrolled ^lissouri Militia the benefit of the pension laws of the United States and all other laws conferring rights and privileges upon the volunteer soldiers in the United States service. [Laws of Missouri, adjourned session, 1863-64, p. 102.] And in 1864 the following joint resolution was adopted: Refiolred by the general assembly of the State of Missouri, That our Senators in Con- gress be instructed and our Representatives be requested to jjrepare and sujiport the passage of an act through the Congress of tlie United States to secure to the widows and orphans of deceased .soldiers of the Enrolled Militia of this State who died or have been killed in actual service, and to such soldiers of the same as have been wounded in the service of the State in the present rebellion, such pension and bounty as may be allowed by the laws of Congress to the volutiteer soldiers of the United States. Approved, February 15, 1864. [Ibid.] ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 81 It does not appear that any special legislation lias been enacted by Congress for the benefit of the Enrolled ^lissouri Militia, except for that portion of the force known as the "Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia" and certain companies of Citizen Guards, which classes of the Enrolled Missouri Militia will be treated in this paper under their appro- priate designations. It is to be understood, however, that menil)ers of the Enrolled Militia who w^ore disabled by wounds or injuries received in engagements with the Confederate forces while temporarily serving under the command of United States oflicers were entitled to the pen- sions provided by the general laws (sec. 4093, Revised Statutes) to militiamen disabled under such conditions of service whose claims were prosecuted to a successful issue prior to July 4:, 1874. By an act approved April 17, 186<5, Congress authorized the reim- bursement of the State of Missouri for moneys expended "in enrolling, equipping, subsisting, and paying such State forces as have [had] been called into service in said State since the !^l:th day of August, 1861, to act in concert with the United States forces in the suppression of the rebellion against the United States." (14 Stat. L., p. 38.) And under that enactment the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred in con- nection Avith the organization and service of the Enrolled Missouri Militia. On September 28, 1878, an opinion was rendered by the Attorney- General that the Enrolled Missouri Militia "did not constitute a part of the Army of the United States, but w^ere a force acting from time to time in cooperation with it; " '" that the order dis])anding such troops can not be considered the equivalent of an honorable discharge in the sense in which those words are used in section 2304, Revised Statutes;" and that the persons who served as members of the Enrolled Missouri Militia are not, therefore, entitled to the benefits accruing under the homestead laws from service in the Army of the United States. (Opinions of the Attorneys-General, Vol. XVl, p. 148.) It will be seen from the foregoing that the Enrolled Missouri Militia was a State force, organized under the militia law of the State for State service; that portions of it served, at various times and for short l^eriods, under United States officers, and in cooperation with United States troops in defense of the State and, incidental!}', in defense of the United States; and that such portions of the force as were in active service, under proper authority, were subsisted hy the United States and were paid by the State, as State troops, for which payment and the expenses of organization and service the State was reimbursed by the United States under special legislation providing therefor. Three companies of the Fii-st Regiment and four companies of the Sixty-third Regiment were mustered into the United States service in 1864, the former to serve thirty da3^s and the latter to serve sixt}' days. During the short periods mentioned these companies were in the mili- tary service of the United States. As before stated in this paper, the Enrolled Missouri Militia num- bered 85 regiments, 16 battalions, and 33 independent companies, not includingthe companies of Citizen Guards having the status of Elnrolled Missouri Militia. It may also be stated that this enumeration does not include the Provisional Regiments and Provisional Companies formed by detail from the Enrolled jNlissouri Miltia. S. Doc. 412 6 • PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. As stated in the last preceding- chapter, the crisis which had called for the general arming of the people of the State had measurably passed away (Annual Report of the Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1863. p. L^T). and it was decided by the governor to organize a "picked force of men." to be detailed from the ditferent regiments of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, "for a more permanent service," to consist of those of the original force "who could most easily be spared from their ordinary avocations, having but few if any others dependent upon their labor for support." Accordingly, on the 3d of February. 1863, a letter was addressed to the commanding general of the Eighth Mili- tary District of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, as follows: Headquarters State of Missoiri. Ad.htaxt-Gexeral's Office, St. Louis, February 3, 1863. Brig. Gen. T. J. Bartuoi.ow. Commanding Elghlji Miliiary District of Mii^soari, Glasgow, Mo. (texeral: By direotimi of the Coinniandev in Chief, yon are instrncted to detail from the organized force of Enrolled ^Militia within the P^ighth Military DLstrict, for at'tive service, 24 mounted companies, of approved loyalty and efficiency, to be pro- visionally commanded as f(^llo\vs: First. Each comixmy will consist of SO noncommissioned officers and privates, with 1 captain, 1 tirst and 1 second lieutenant. For this special service you will divide this force into two commands of 12 companies; each command divided into 3 battalions of 4 companies each, and will assign to each command 1 colonel, 1 lieu- tenant-colonel, 3 majors, 1 adjutant, 1 quartermaster (who will act as connnissary), 1 surgeon, and 2 assistant surgeons. And for this purpose you will detail from the regiments oi your district 2 colonels, 2 lieutenant-colonels, 6 majors, 2 adjutants, 2 quartermasters. 2 surgeons, and 4 assistant surgeons, whom you know to be reliable anil efficient officers for this duty. For the purj^ose of regularity in reports, returns, etc., these commands will be known respectively as tlie First and Secontl Provisional Regiments of the Eighth ^Military District, Enrolled Missouri Militia. As s(ion as these details are effected you will cause a consolidated report to be for- warded to the adjutant-general, giving the names of all commissioned officers, their rank, and ivom what regiments of Enrolled ]\lilitia assigned, with the total of non- connnissioned officers and privates. Dui^lii-ate nuister rolls will be made of each company, showing the letter by which it is (iesignated, as also dujilicate field and staff rolls, one of each of which will be forwarded to tlie adjutant-general at the sanu' time with the consolidated report. As it is designed that this force shall be ke)it in active service cimtinuously as long as their service may be recpiired, you will direct that periodical muster rolls be made in the manner prescribed l)y Army Regulations. These commands, while in active service, will be governed by the rules and regu- lations of the United States Army and the Articles of War contained in Revised Army- Regulations; and as the ilesign of this force is to rejiress any attempt at insurrection and ti) prevent any combinations for rebellion against the Government and to main- tain the laws of the State, you are enjoined to hoM every officer to a rigid account- ability in regard to his innnediate command, and suppress at once, with a strong hand, any attempt at marauding, plundering, or insubordination of any kind. Innftediately upon these details being completed you Mill make the necessary requisitions for clothing and camp equipage upon the quartermaster-general, who 82 PKOVISIONAL ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 83 will be instructed to fill the requisitions upon the approval of the governor. For the necessary supply of arms you will issue the arms heretofore issiieil to troops of your district, so far as the same may be required, takin": care, as far as possible, to arm each battalion with the same caliber. It is deemed unnecessary to go further into details, as these will suggest themselves in the process of completing the commands. Great confidence is reposed by his excellency in the energy and fidelity of the gen- eral commanding in carrying out these instructions promptly, and much good will result from a hearty cooperation of the officers and men detailed for this duty. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Wm. D. Wood, Acting Adjutant-General Missouri. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part II, p. 95.] A similar letter was addressed to each of the other coramanding- generals of the militar}" districts of the Enrolled Missioiiri Militia, moditied in some instances as to .the numl^er of regiments and com- panies to be organized. The result of these instructions was the formation of eleven regi- ments, denominated Provisional Regiments, Enrolled Missouri Militia, and one company of the Twenty-sixth Provisional Regiment. One effect of the organization of these Provisional Regiments, as was intended, was the relief from duty of a large portion of the original force of Enrolled Missouri Militia, which was thereafter to be called into active service only in cases of emergency, while the Provisional Regiments were intended for ""a more permanent service," or, as stated in the orders for their organization, to be ''kept in service con- tinually '' as long as their services might be required. Another result, as stated by the adjutant-general of the State (Annual Report of 1863, p. 27), was that the effectiveness of the militia was "greatly increased, for, although the number of men in service was in the aggregate fewer, still that loss would be more than counterbalanced by the degree of discipline which could be obtained in a permanent organization, so to speak, commanded by judiciously selected officers.'^ To prevent the organization of dislo3'al men into companies of the Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia an order was issued from State headquarters, February 19, 1863, which has been quoted under the title of "Enrolled Missouri Militia." On May 29, 1863, in orders from headquarters State of Missouri, the command of the Enrolled Missouri Militia then in actual service, including the Provisional Regiments, was conferred upon Major- General Schotield, commanding the Department of the Missouri, and, in General Orders, No. 47, of June 7, 1863, from department head- quarters, it was announced that, under authority from the War Department, clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and medical sup- plies would be furnished by the United States to the Enrolled Missouri Militia (including the Provisional Regiments) in active service. On September 26, 1863, all of the militia of the State, whether in active service or not, was placed by the governor under the command of General Schotield, as military commander of the Department of the Missouri, who, on September 28, announced the following: General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, No. 102. / St. Louis, Mo., September -28, 1863. ******* Militia in active service are placed on the same footing as United States troops, so far as regards their duties and subordination to the district or subordinate com- 84 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. nuuuk'rs uikUt wiunu they may l>e s^orvinfr; Init no militia ofticer will l>e jtlaoed uiulor I'ommaiul of a United States? officer of a lower jrratle. « * * * * * * The followiiiir ivjrimeutsof Enrolled ^li^sonri ^Militia are now in active service, viz: First Provisional Kej^iment, Col. J. B. Donijlass, commandinir; Second Provisional Reijiment, !.ientenant-(.''olonel Harrison, comniandintj;; Third Provisional Re.iriment, Co\. 15ennett Piki', t'ommanding; Fonrth Provisional Keiriment, Col. J. B. Male, conunandinu; Fifth Provisional Ketrinient, Col. Henry Neill, commandiiiir; Sixth Provisional Keiriment, Col. lleiu-y Sheppard. conunandinj;; Seventh Provisional Rciriment. Col. J. D. Allen, connnanding; Eighth Provisional Regiment, Col. Wm. H. Mcliane, commanding; Ninth Provisional Regiment, Col. Thos. L. Crawford, commanding; Twenty-sixth Provisional Regiment, one company. Captain Kelly, conunanding. ******* Bv order of Major-Cieneral Schotield: . C. AV. jNIarsh, Aiii^istcDit AdjnfiUit-Genertil. On eluiumry 30. 18(34. Muj. Gon. W. S. Rosoi-rans a.ssunied command of the Dopartniont of the Missouri, and on Februarv '2, ISH-t. he was invested with the command of the militia of the State. The Tenth and Eleventh Provisional Keoiments Avere disbanded pur- suant to si)ecial orders from State headquarters, dated September 18, 1803, of which the followino- i.>^ a copy: Special Okdeks, \ Hkadqcarters Depart.mkxt of the ^Iissocri, No. 255. I St. Louis, September IS, 1S6S. ******* 5. The emergency for which the Tenth and Eleventh Provisional Regiments, Enrolled Missonri Militia, were called into active service having passed, they will be dischargetl from fnrther service, except the mutineers of the Eleventh Regiment, who will be i-ontined at hard labor until further orders. ti. The leading mutineers of the Eleventh Provisional Regiment, Enrolled Missouri ^lilitia, to be selected by the conunanding officer of the regiment, will be confined m the military prison and tried by general court-martial. All others engaged in the mutiny will be sent under guard to RoUa, 3Io., where they will be confined at hard labor until further ordei-s. ******* By connnand of ]Maior-General Schotield: Fraxk Exo, Asmtant Adjutant-General. [Book No. i>4, Department of the Missouri, p. 69.] On May 8, 1864. as reported by General Rosecrans, then c-onunand- ino- the lV]^artnient of the ^lissouri. but thirty-five companies of the Provisional Keoiments remained in service. Of these thirty-tive com- panies, two reii'iments. the Sixth and Seventh, were mustered into the military service of the United States for the period of twenty months from November 1, 1S03. and were finally desio-nated the Sixteenth and Fifteenth Regiments Missouri Cavalry, respectively. The date of the disbandment of the remainino- rcmipanics has not been found of record. As reported by the adjntant-oeneral of the State (Annual Report of 18(>5, p. 43). the Enrolled Missouri Militia, which eml)raced the Provisional Regiments, if any. then in .service, was disbanded March 1*2, lS(i5. under the provisions of section 2(3 of an act of the State leo-islature. a]iproved February 1(>, 18()5, quoted in the preceding- chapter. However, as also stated by the adjutant-oeneral, "but few I'ompanies remained in active service up to the time of disbandment. anil they were chietly those oro-anized under General Orders, No. 107, Oepiirtment of the ^lissouri. seriesof 1S()4." hereafter to be referred to. The objects of the organization of the Provisional Regiments, as PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 85 stated in the ordors for their formation. t[Uoted above, were: (1) "To repress any attempt at insurrection;'' (2) "To prevent any com- binations for rebellion against the Government;"' and (3) *'To main- tain the laws of the Statt.'"' The italicized words just quoted were emphasized by the adjutant-g-eneral of the State in his annual re]iort for the year l.stJo. Other reasons for the oriianization of tiie Provisional Kegiments, as already shown, were: (1) The crisis Avhich called for a general arming of the i)eople had passed; (2) a reduced force under the new plan of organization would be as effective as a larger force not subject to the same degree of discipline; (3) a large portion of the original force would l)e relieved from active service. Reports and orders relative to the character and services of the Enrolled Missouri ]SIilitia, either directly or indirecth' applicable to the Provisional Kegiments. have already been quoted in this paper under the head of " Enrolled Missouri ^lilitia." The following addi- tional mention by (Tcneral Schotield of the Provisional Kegiments is here given as pertaining exclusively to the history of those organizations: Headquarters Department of the Missouri, St. Louis, Mo., December 10, 1863. Col. E. D. TowNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General, Washington, D. C. Colonel: I have the honor to submit a general summary of military operations in this department since the 24th of May, 1863, when I assumed this command. * . * * * * * « In addition to the above, the governor of Missouri had commenced the organiza- tion of nine regiments of militia, styled "Provisional Regiments," intended for con- tinuous active service. A portion of this militia had been in active service for a considerable length of time, but not under the orders of the departuient commander, and not acting in concert with the United States troops. At mj- suggestion the gov- ernor placed these nine regiments under my command, whereupon the War Depart- ment gave me authority to su})ply them with everything necessary to their etficiency, and thev became a real addition to the effective force in the department. * " * * * * * * I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. M. Schofield", Major- General. [Official Eecords of the Union and Confederate Armies, Seines I, Vol. XXII, Parti, pp. 12, 13.] The members of the Provisional Regiments Enrolled Missouri Militia, organized under the authority of the governor of the State of February 3, 1863, were (oflicers and enlisti^d men) simply detailed from the regiments of Enrolled Missouri Militia, and their military status Avas precisely the same as that of the original force. They were Missouri militia organized under the militia law of the State for State service, were paid by the State, and while on duty under the command of United States officers were clothed and subsisted by the United States. Like the original force, they served in defense of the State of Missotiri and incidentally in defense of the United States. But their service was of a more permanent character than that of the regiments from which they were detailed, and probably for that reason a pensionable status was given them wljich was not extended to members of the original organization who were not detailed for membership of the Provisional Regiments. Like the ^Missouri State Militia organized under the provisions of War Department General Orders, No. lH),of 1861, the surviving officers and enlisted men of the Provisional Regiments, and the heirs of those deceased, acquired a pensionable status under the general law b}- a provision of section 8 86 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. of the act of ^Nlaivh 3, 1873, entitled "An act to revise, consolidate, and amend the hnvs ivlating- to pensions," The clause referred to reads tis foHows: Sec. S. * * * That the j)rovi8ions of this m-t are hereby extended to and made to embrace the otiicers? and privates? of the * * * and the Provisional Missouri ^lihtia, disabled by reason of injury received or disease contracted in the line of duty while such militia was cooperating with United States forces, and the widow or chil- dren of any such i^erson dying of injury received or disease contracted under the circumstances herein set forth shall be entitled to the benefits of this act: Provided, That the pensions on account of such militia shall not conmience prior to the date of the passage ot thisact. That the provisions of this section shall lie so interpreted as to apply to the widows, child, or children of officers and privates of the * * * and the Provisional Missouri Militia, if the husband or father was wounded or con- tracted the disease of which he died while in the service of the Government of the United States. * * ***** Approved, jNIarch 3, 1873. [17 Stat. L., pp. 569, 570.] The provisions of the pension act of June 27, 1890. were subse- quently extended to the niem))ers of the Provisional Keo-iments and their representtitives by a joint resolution approved February 15, 1895, of which the foliowino- is an extract: JOINT RESOLUTION to restore the status of the Misssouri Militia who served during the late war. Resolved Ini the Senate and House of Re]>resentatives of the r»ited States of America in Coiiffress assembled, That the provisions of the act of June twenty-seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety, be, and are hereby, extended to include the offit'ers and pri- vates of the * * * and the Provisional ^Missouri ^Militia who served ninety days during the late war of the rel)ellion and were honorably discharged, and to the widows and minor children of such persons. The provisions of this act shall include all such persons now on the i)ension rolls, or who may hereafter apply to be admit- ted thereto. Approved, February 15, 1895. [28 Stat. L., p. 970.] With the exception of the Sixth and Seventh Reoiments. whose muster into the United States service has been referred to, none of the Provisional Reoiments of P]nrolled Missouri iNIilitia was in the mili- tary service of the United States. As already stated, the Provisional P^nrolled Missouri Militia num- bered eleven reoiments and one company. PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MILITIA. The "'Provisional Enrolled Militia," or "Provisional (.'ompanies of Enrolled Missouri Militia,'" as the organizations of this force are des- ignated by the adjutant-general of the State in his oflicial reports, was entirely separate and distinct from the *"' Provisional Enrolled ^Missouri Militia" referred to in the i)receding cha^jter. The Provisional Enrolled Militia was organized under General Orders No. 107. lu^adciuarters Department of the Missouri, dated June 28, 186-i, of which the following is a cop}': General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, No. 107. J St. Loim, Mo., June 2S, 1864. People of Missouri: For several months I have been carefully oonsiderinof your situation, influenced by a due sense of the responsibility of my position and a sincere desire for your welfare. With a great and populous State, a fertile soil, vast mineral wealth, supplied with outlets by water and railroad for all your productions, no actual war within your borders for the last two years, and yet plunderinjr, robbery, and arson have pre- vailed everywhere to a certain extent, except at points garrisoned by troops and some few strictly loyal sections of the State. Daily appeals come to me from all quarters, invoking protection for persons, prop- erty, industry and its fruits, accompanied by assurances from all, without regard to political or sectional sympathies, that the great mass of the peojile are ready and w'illing to unite for the preservation of the pul>lic peace against those who, in viola- tion of every law of war and humanity, under the title of Confederate soldiers, guerrillas, and bushwhackers, invade, plunder, and nunxler the peaceful inhabitants of your State. With this condition of things in view, being fully determined as far as possible to restore civil law and order, and persuaded that you have the intelligence and public spirit to see that the question whether you will have a government of law and order or one of lirute force is before you to be met, and that you are ready to forego all party considerations to cooperate with the military authorities for the purpose of securing protection, I have determined upon the following measures: First. You are requested immediately, by jiublic meetings in tow nships or coun- ties, to unite in saying whether you will take the ground abt)ve indicated or not; and nonaction will be considered as a refusal to aid in the work of peace and pro- tection. Township committees of public safety, composed of three of the most dis- creet citizens, in whom all will have confidence, should be chosen at these meetings, to correspond with a committee of five similarly selected in each county, who will correspond with the local district conmianders, and through them with department commanders, as often as necessary, giving them such advice and information as may be useful against the pul)lic and private enemies of your peace, and safety. By agreement with the governor of this State, you will choose and organize, out of the Enrolled State Militia of your locality, one or two companies of about 100 men each, selected for courage, energy, and willingness to serve for the protection of your respective counties. They ought to be so chosen as to command the confidence of citizens generally, without regard to party, and the best officers selected and reconnnended by the proper Enrolled Militia colonels and brigadier-generals of the districts in which they belong, approved ))y the I'nited States district commander, who will forward these names and the rolls of the men to his excellency the governor, through these 87 88 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. headquarters, as soon as possible, upon whicli commissions and orders will be issued from the i^tate headquarters for armiuij:, equippinir, and calling the men into service, so far as may b? deemed nec^'ssary for the ends of loi-al defense. Such organizations will b." paid by the State when actually on duty, but in all cases they must be on duty with the approval of the governor to receive pay. In organizing these forces and in all local m^'asures for active defense after organ- ization, the district commanders of this department and the brigadier-generals of the various districts of the Enrolled Missouri Militia are desired to cooperate and consult constantly and freely. I c(iutidently rely upon all good men in the State to unite in this movement in behalf of humanity and for the protection of life and property. I am fully per- suaded if you do so unite with zeal, energy, and in good faith a short time will restore a state of profound quiet within your now distracteil borders. W. S. ROSECR.^NS, Major- General, Commanding. District commanders are charged with the prompt publication of this order, so far as practicable, to every citizen resident within the limits of their commands and will afford all necessary aid and protection to the meetings which may be called. B)- command of Major-General Rosecrans: O. D. Greene, Asfiistant Adjutant-General. In his address to •' Missourians," in General Orders, No. 134, of Jul}^ 28, 1864, General Rosecrans said: He.\dquarters Department of the ^Missouri, St. Louis, Mo., July -28, 1S64- General Orders, \ No. 134.- / Miswurmns: ******* To enable you to cope with small roving squads of guerrillas, the commanding general urged you, in General Orders, No. 107, to organize and select trustworthy companies of your citizens, to be armed and empowered to act as Provisional Enrolled ]\Iilitia for local defense, and trusts you will complete the rolls, carefully i-evise and submit them,. through the channels prescribed, for his approval, without ilelay. * * * * * * * By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 0. D. Greene, Assistant Adjutant-General. And in General Orders, No. 192, of October 9, ISO-l, General Rose- crans referred to Cxeneral Orders, No. 1(>T, as "having been promul- gated to provide for local defense against ])ands of bushwhackers and other disturbers of the public peace, and for the maintenance of law and order more efl'ectually than could be done by calling out the Enrolled Militia, as well as to engage all good citizens in tlie work.'' Sixty-two companies of Provisional f^nroUed Militia were organized under the provisions of General Orders, No. 107. quoted above. But little information has been obtained relative to their service, but from data tiled in the office of the Commissioner of Pensions it appears that some of these Provisional Companies "were brought into active service and sustained heavy losses outside of the counties to which thej' belonged.'" (Digest of Pension Laws, Decisions, etc., 1885, p. 309.) Some of them are known to have "remained in active service" until March 12, 1865, when they were disbanded under the pro^•isions of the act of the Missouri legislature, approved February 10, 1865. (Annual Report Adjutant-CTcneral of ^Missouri, 1865. p. 43.) As reciuired by the order for their organization, the members of the Provisional Companies of Kniolled Missouri ]Militia were chosen "out of the Enrolled State Militia," but as ai)pears from the annual report PROVISIOKAL ENROLLED MILITIA. 89 of the adjutant-o-eneral of the State for the year 1S04 (pag-e 372) the companies were " organized both by vohmteering- and detail." The object of their organization is clearlj' shown. They were organized for local and temporary service, in their ''"respective counties," for protection against the outrages of guerrilla bands, were to be armed and equipped by the State, and were to be paid by the State, "when actualh" on duty, * * * with the approval of the governor."' Their military- status did not ditfer in any essential respect from that of other bodies of the Enrolled Missouri ]Militia in the State service. They were not in the military service of the United States. It has been decided by the Interior Department that the members of these local companies are not of the class of Provisional Missouri Militia to which a pensionable status was given b}^ section 8 of the act of March 3, 1873 (section 4722, Revised Statutes), and the joint reso- lution of February 15, 1805. (Decisions of the Department of the Interior, Pension and Bounty Land, Vol. VIII, pp. 518-530.) In this respect they ditfer from the Provisional Regiments. Enrolled Missouri Militia, which were organized for a more permanent service. As before stated, the Provisional Enrolled Militia numl)ered sixt}'- two companies. MISSOURI MILITIA, ORGANIZED UNDER AUTHORITY OF STATE GENERAL ORDERS, NO. 3, OF JANUARY 30, 18G5. The Enrolled Missouri Militia was disbanded March 12, 1S65, under the provisions of section 26 of the State militia act approved Februaiy 10, 1865. This section reads as follows: Sec. 26. All organizations of the Enrolled Missouri IMilitia shall cease to exist on the expiration of thirty days after the approval of this act, and the commissions of all officers of the Enrollerh fear of action of the State convention. I believe most of the loyal men, and those who have determined to i)ecome loyal, are determined to stay. Those of them that do go flee from guerrillas, which no order or proclamation would reach. The bushwhackers can only be put down and kept down by holding the citizens who aid, feed, and harbor them responsible. Loyal Ux'al organizatii)ns I consider the best troops to keep these outlaws under, and 1 had settled in my own mind upon the policy to pursue, viz: As soon as the State legislature passes the new militia bill, to raise under it 100 men from each of the.se disloyal counties, jtlace them under competent and reliable officei-s, citizens oi the State who have seen service. Let the Government arm, equip, and feed thenx, and the counties pay them. Place one of these companies on duty in each of the dis- loyal counties where these troubles exist; withdraw therefrom the United States vol- unteers, and call upon the citizens to support and aid these organizations. To a great extent they will cheerfully do it. Those who will not, and who persist in giving aid to l>ushwhai'kers, to be sent out of the department. I have issued stringent orders to all the troops in regard to committing depredations and acts through pei^sonal enmity, aTid good effects are hereliy being ])roduced. I hear of but very few deju-eda- itons by troops recently, but l>ushwhackersare robbing and murdering in many places. During the winter it is to the interest of these outlaws and their friends to keep our troops away. As soon as spring comes they expect to obtain reenforcenients from the South, and even from the loyal States, where many have gone to winter, and who, when the leaves come, will all return. What troops I have are kept very active, and they are doing good work in the way of breaking up guerrillas and marauding bands. The troops in north Missouri are nearly all Missouri State ^lilitia, whose term of service is fast expiring. Their discipline has been very lax, and on account of the defective nature of that organization, they have not' been etlii'ient. I have taken measures to hold the othcers responsible for the discipline and ai'ts of these troops. 1 do believe that the system of local organization that 1 intend to inaugurate will prove effective for the special reason that we will have the selection of the otiicers, and most of them will be old, tried, and experienced soldiers, fully imbued with the right sentiment, and feeling a personal interest in restoring law and order. .Vllow me to assure you that the coui-se you proj^ose would be {irotested against by the State authorities, the legislature, the convention, and by nearly every loyal man in north Missouri, while it wmild receive the sjinction of nearly every disloyal, semiloyal, and nonconunittal pei-son there. All such could, under that course, live, and would would want to stay in that country, while every loyal man would have to leave those counties where the disloyal sentiment is in'the ast'cndeucy. I take it that the only sure road to peace in this State is through the aid and support of its undoubtedly loyal population, and with the organization I speak of 1 am satisfied 1 can restore and maintain quiet in north Missouri. It is my wish and earnest endeavor to have every jHM-son in the State and elsewhere to come up tirmly to the support of the Government, no matter what their antecedents are, and I have in my orders and instructions to my troops commanded them to give all ent'ouragement, aid. and protection in their power to any and every i>erson who shows an honest and earnest desire and intention to support the Government, and assist in ]nUtiug down guerrilla warfare. I herewith inclose my Grder. No. 7,* which embodies some of the views in your tlispatch, and which will receive the cordial indoi-sement and cheerful support of every person in the State who is not aiding and abetting the bushwliackers, or who are so disloyal that they would not agree to or approve of anything issued by a Federal otficer. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant. G. M. DooGE, Major- General. [Ibid., p, o4(5.] "This order does not relate to the organization of troops and is not, therefore, re reproduced. MISSOUKl MILITIA, GKNKKAL OKDEKS, NO. o, 18(v). V)3 On fliinutu'v "28. 18(>5, Genenil Dodo-e requestod of the o-overnor the •oruanizatioii of thirty-one conipunies for service in certain counties •aiui localities. FoUoAvino- is a copy of his letter of that date: UkAIHJIAKTEKS DeI'AKTMENT of THK ^IlSSOlRI. St. Louis, M(i., January :Jti, 1S65. Thomas C. Fi.ktchick, (toirrnor of ^flx■^romery: one company for Callaway and Audrain; one comiwny for Boone; one company for Kails. IMonroe, and Marion; one company to be raised at Hannibal; one conijiany for Howard; one company for Kandolph; one company for Chariton; one cominuiy for Carroll and Livingston, to he stationed in Carroll; one c(nniiany for Kay and Caldwell, to be stationed in Kay; one company for Clay and Clinton, to be stationed in Clay; one company for Platte; one company for Jackson; one comjiany for La Fayette; one company for Saline; one company for Cooper and Moniteau: one com})any for Osage and Maries; one •company for' Stoddard; one company for Johnson; one company for Pettis; onecom- panv for 3Iorgan; one company for Mississip]ii; one comj^any for Scott; one com- pany for Perry, one company for New Madrid; one company for Cape Oirardeau; one company for Sainte Oenevieve. Infantry: One comjniny for bridge on Pacific Kailroad: one comjiany for bridge on Southwest Branch [Pacific] Kailroatl; one company for bridge on Iron ^Mountain Railroad; one company for bridge on North Missouri Kailroad. As soon as raised to be turned over to the subdistrict connnanders for the respec- tive counties. I will order them subsisted as soon as they rendezvous. I most earnestly request that none but experienced othcers and also old soldiers be placed at the head of these organizations— men who will enforce orders and maintain strict discipline. The (Tovernment will issue clothing, forage, arms, and e(juipuients ( when the State has not snUicieut arms and equipments to supply them, already issued to the Enrolled Missouri ^Militia) upon proper reiiuisitions. I deem it important that this force be put in the field within the next thirty days. 1 am, governor, very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. M. Dodge, Major- General. [Ibid., p. 620.] Governor Fletcher promptly responded to this request by the issue of General Orders, No. 3, from State headquarters, dated eTanuary 30, 1865, of which the followino- i.s a copy: General Orders, "j Headqi'akters State of Missouri, I Adjut.vnt-General's Office, No. 3. j St. Louis, Januani SO, 1865. 1. At the request of ^laj. Gen. G. "SI. Hodge, commanding Department of the Missouri, and for the purpose of repressing lawlessness and to secure safety of life and property to all good citizens, and to strengthen tln^ hands of legal justice, by enabling the officers of the law to execute its processes and judgments, it is ordered that the following companies of militia be raised by volunteering for a term of serv- ice not to exceed one year. • TO BE MOrXTED. One company for Warren and ^Montgomery; 1 company for Callaway and Audrain: 1 company for Boone; I comjiany for Kails, ^Monroe, and Marion, to be raised at Hannil>al; 1 company for Howard; 1 conipany for Kandolph; 1 company for Chari- ton; 1 company for Carroll aild Livingston, to ])e stationed in Carroll; 1 company for Ray and Caldwell, to l)e stationed in Kay; 1 company for Clay and Clinton, to be stationed in Clay; 1 company for Platte; 1 company" for Jackson; 1 company for La Fayette; 1 company for Saline; 1 company for Cer ami INIoniteau; 1 company for Osage and Maries; 1 company for Stoddard; .1 comjiany for Johnson; 1 company for Pettis; 1 company for Morgan; 1 comj^any for INIississippi; 1 company for Scott 1 company for Perry; 1 company for New !\Iadrid. 94 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. INFANTRY. One company for Cape Girardeau; 1 roni]iany forSainte Genevieve; 1 company for bridtres on Pacific Railroad: 1 comi)any for bridtres on Southwestern Pacific Rail- road; 1 company for hridi^es on North Missouri Railroad. II. These companies will l)e turned over to the United States subdistrict com- manders for their resi>ective counties, as soon as they are fully or<);anized. They will be clothed and subsisted l)y the General Government, and" armed, equipped, and ]>aid by the State, as provided in the new militia l)ill, but in case the State is unable to supjtly sufficient arms and equi])nients, they will then be furnished by the T'nited States on pro]>er reiiuisition. As soon as the troops are in the rendezvous, orders will be issued by the department commander for their subsistence. III. It is desired thar the officers to be appointed to conunand this force should be men who have had experience in the field; and all ajiplications for authority to raise said comjianies and for commissions in the same will be made through "the dei)artment connnander, forwarded through headquarters of district and subdistrict connuanders, and upon his approval authority will be granted and commissions wull be issued. IV. The companies will consist of not less than the minimum number of officers, nonciMnmissioned officers, and privates as provided by regulations for like organiza- tions in the United States service; and not more than the maximum thereof, viz: One captain, 1 first lieutenant, 1 second lieutenant, 5 sergeants, 8 corporals, 1 wagoner, 2 musicians, 64 privates minimum, 82 privates maxinunn. The necessities of the service require that the companies should be placed in the field at an early date — the time thereof for their completion is limited to the 28th proximo. By order of the Commander in Chief: Samuel P. Simpson, Adjutant-General. [Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1865, p. 53.] It will be observed that the foreo-oing order provided for the organ- ization of two companies less than the number requested by General Dodge, but as the muster out of the Missouri State Militia progressed and additional companies were found necessary, authority for their recruitment was given. Notwithstanding that they were militia of the State of Missouri, the recruitment and organization of these companies were placed in the hands of United States officers. This was done in general orders from headquarters of the Department of the jNlissouri, dated February 1, 1865, of which the following is a copy: General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, No. 28. J St. Louis, Mo., February 1, 1865. District or subdistrict commanders will detail a line officer to take charge of the recruiting of each of the companies called for by Governor Thomas C. Fletcher, in General Orders, No. 3, from headquarters State of Missouri (Adjutant-General's Office) for the respective counties in their commands. Officers most noted for efficiency and good discipline will be selected for this duty. They will remain in charge until they are relieved by officers commissioned by the governor to conunand these companies, and great effort will be made by them to fill tiie companies innnediately, and to .secure in them the services of as many hon- oral)ly discharged soldiers from United States Volunteers and Missouri State 3Iilitia who iiave seen actual service, as possible. The commissary department will, upon proper requisitions, issue rations to men recruited for these companies. As soon as sworn into the service by officers desig- nated by district connnanders, they will be furnished clothing and such other arti- cles as are allowed ])y the quartermaster's department. Requisitions for arms and equiimients will be made upon the State authorities, who, when they have them in store, or in the hands of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, will sup])ly them. Wlien they can not meet these re(iuisitions they will so indorse upon them, and the ordnance officer of the district or (lepartment will fill the requi- sition from arms and equi]iments turned over V>y the JMissouri State Militia whose term of service has expired. MISSOURI MILITIA, GPZNERAL ORDERS, NO. 3, I8()5. 95 As soon as a sufficient nnmber of men are recruited for a company to entitle them to a conunissit)ne(l officer, as provided by tleneral Orders, No. 01, War Department (Adjutant-CieneraTs Office), series of 1801, they will be placed on duty. Couunanding officers of these companies will make, through su'bdistrict com- manders, all reports required by Army Regulations and existing orders. These comi)anies will act solely under the orders of subdistrict, district, or depart- ment commandei's, as the exigencies of the service may retjuire, and their officers will be held to a strict personal at'countability for the discijiline, drill, and efficiency of the nien, and for unauthorized depredations of any kind connnittecl by them. All efficient officers of United States Volunteers or ^lissouri State ^Nlilitia whose term of service is expiring or who have been honorably discharged or nu;stered out, and who desire connnissions in these companies, will make inunediate application therefor through the proper channels, and subdistrict and district commanders will indorse their approval or disapproval, from their knowledge or information, stating the services of the applicant, his qualifications, and ability to command implicit obedience from his men, and the reputation of his former company for discipline. The indorsement of the district inspector as to the latter, if the ap])licant has served in the district, will be reijuired. District and subdistrict commanders have control of the organization of these companies, and will give them proper attention and see that they are placed upon an efficient footing in all respects. By connnand of Major-(4eneral Dodge: J. \V. Barnes, Assistant Adjutant- General. On February 5, 1865, instruction.s were given to the commanding- officer of the District of Rolla as follows: Headquarters Department of the Missouri, St. Louis, Fchruary 5, 1865. Commanding Officer District of Rolla, Mo. Sir: Your attention is called to the orders of the governor of the State and from these headquarters in relation to raising volunteer militia for service in certain counties. In recommending officers great care must be observed and none recom- mended except they are of good character, habits, etc., and good disciplinarians. The frequent unauthorized depredations committed by troops must be stopped, and in the organization of these companies we must put men at the head of them who can and will control their men. Officers will be held strictly accountable for all unauthorized dejiredations connnitted by their men, no matter upon whom com- mitted. If you have good officers under you in the ^Missouri State ]\Iilitia whose term of service is about expiring, and who desire to take connnand in some of these companies, they can be assigned to duty in recruiting them, and applications can be made for their commissions. Old soldiers will, as far as possible, be selected in recommending for commissions. The men as fast as recruited will be rendezvoused at such point in the county as you may designate. They will be armed as pro- vided in General Orders, No. 28, current series, from these headquarters. All their spare time will be occupied in drilling and perfecting themselves as soldiers. You will report weekly the progress made in the district and sulxlistricts in organizing these companies. By command of Major-General Dodge: J. W. Barnes, Assistant Adjutant-denerul. [Official records of the Union and Confederate Annie.*, Series I, Vol. XLVIII, Part I, p. 750.] It will be observed that these companies were organized for active •service, mider United States officers, ''for the purpose of repressing- lawlessness and to secure safet}' of life and property to all good citi- zens, and to strengthen the hands of legal justice by enabling the offi- cers of the law to execute its processes and judgments,'' that they were to be clothed and subsisted by the General Government and armed, equipped, and paid by the State, any deficiency in arms or equipments to be supplied by the United States; and that their officers 96 MISSOURI TROOPS TTNION. were to Ijeconiniissioned by the governor of the State upon the recom- mendution of tlio coniniandino- general of the Department of the JNIissouri. Detailed reports of their operations are lacking-, but it is known that they remained on duty from the time of their organization until relieved, in June and July, 1S«35, under orders from the department t'ouuuander, and, as reported by the adjutant-general of the State' (annual report of 1S65, p. 700), '" they were generally engaged in guarding posts and lines of communication, doing escort dutj^ and hunting guerrillas and bushwhackers." They are, according to the same authority, "'deserving of the thanks of all well-dispoie selected by the general commanding. The otficers of the regiment having been decided upon, the reorganization of the regiment, and, if possible, also that of the reserve companies should he immediately completed and the returns sul^mitted to this department. You will communicate this order to all the memliers of j'our regiment and pro- ceed with the execution of it until the election and approval of a colonel, who will, immediately after his appointment, report himself with his officers to these head- quarters, when the regiment will be uniformed, armed, equipped, and provided with everything necessary for actual service and at ttie same time with special instructions for drill and di.^cipline. The rolls of those men who should prefer to join the cavalry or artillery you will also submit as eaj-ly as possiltle, with tlie otficers suggested, to "these head(iuarters. Should any ileticiency exist this department will supply all the different com- panies with efficient otficers and complete their organization. As it is my design to have in each regiment one i-ompany of shar)ishooters and one company of pioneers, all the best marksmen should l)e concentrated in one com- pany and all the best mechanics in another, under otficers best adapted to the com- mand of tho.se companies. J. C. Fremoxt, Mr improper organizations you will give to the officers and men an opportunity to enter tlie legal military estal)Ushment under general laws and orders from the War l)ei>artment, reporting in full to these headquarters any officer or organization that may decline. * ***** * I am, general, etc., Geo. B. McClellan, M(ijor-Centhlii(/lon, D. ^'." Officers appointed from these headquarters to nuister troops are authorized to' muster or renuister into the service of the United States all such bodies of troops for three years or during the war, unless sooner discharged, as directed by the act of Congress on the sul)iect, provided their plan of organization conforms to the orders of the War Department, including in the muster or remuster so made the period during which the bodies of troops above referred to have been in actual service. * * * * * * • «■ By order of Major-Ueneral Halleck : J. C. Kelton, Assistant Adjutant-General . It does not appear that any of the Reserve Corps organizations were mustered or reniustered under the provisions of the order quoted above, but the announcement that such troops were not to be recog- nized as entitled to pay created great dissatisfaction. On the 12th of Decenil)er. 1861, Brig, Gen, Alexander Asboth. com- manding the division in which two of the regiments were servings addressed to the commanding general a letter, of which the following is a copy : Headqi'arters Fourth Division*, Camp Halleck, near Rolla, Decemher 12, 1S61. Assistant Adjutant General, Department of the Missouri. Sir: I herewith inclose, in connection with my telegram of to-day to the com- manding general, the oi'der for the reorganization of the "Eeserve Corps " regiments, issued on the 12th day of August, 1861, from the headquarters of the Western Department. The order shows that the regiments were organizeSf. Louis, December 14, 1861. Col. J. C. Kelton, Assistant Adjutant-General, Department of the Missouri. Colonel: I respectfully ask the attention of the major-general commanding to the condition of the "Reserve Corps" regimenffe now in service. The effect of the letter of the Adjutant-General of the Army, published in General Ortlers, No. 21, head(inarters De})artnient of the Missouri, has been to convince the men serving in the Reserve Corps regiments that they are not recognized as Ignited States soldiers by the Government, are not regarded as entitled to any pay for past services, and, in short, while they have faithfully perf(jrmed their part of the agree- ment undei- which they are serving the Government repudiates its part of the con- tract, though made by the major-general commanding this department. It must be admitted that this is a legitimate inference from the letter referred to, and I am informed by the officers of some of these regiments that unless something is done at once to remove this impression it will be impossible longer to restrain their men and that they will disband and go home. They have seen other troops who have been serving with them in the field paid and tliey passed by, with a statement to the effect that they need never expect any pay for their service, either past or future, unless they accept the conditions of Gen- eral Orders, No. 21. This the great body of them are unwilling to do. Although their muster-in rolls contain no (inalitieation as to service in or out of this State they were organized under written authority from Major-General Fremont containing the condition that they were to serve in the State, and the men were enlisted and "sworn in " under this condition. Very naturally they are unwilling to serve any longer without some assurance that this condition will be complied with and that they will at some time be paid for their services. I am informed that the men of these regiments almost unanimously desire to join the State militia. The conditions of this service being })recisely the same as that to which they are pledged, it has occurred to me that the general commanding might have the jjower to transfer these regiments as they now exist to the State service; or, if necessary, an order to this effect might be obtained from the AVar Department. If this can l)e done, it will be the siuiplest and most satisfactory method of settling the ([uestion of their future condition and avoid the loss of the services of these regi- ments during reorganization. If this transfer can not be made, I respectfully suggest the propriety of imme- diately mustering these regiments out of service. There are in various parts of the State large numbers of men organized as "Home Guards" and "Reserve Corps" who wish to enter the State service if they can be officially released from their obligations to the United States in such a manner as to preserve some legal evidence of their past services whereljy they may hope to obtain pay for their services at some future time. it seems to me desirable to biing these irregular l)odies of men under one or the other of the regular organizations as (juickly as possil)le. IVIany of the men wish to enlist in the United States Volunteers, while many prefer to serve in the militia, l)ut they will do neither until some official rec(jrd is made of their j^ast services. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. M. SCHOFIELD, Briqudier-Geivntl, Counnanding Missouri Militia. [S. 1315, V. S., 1862.] A letter was also addressed to department head([uarters l)y General Asboth. under date of Decem])er l4, 1861, as follows; Headquarters Fourth Division, Cant}) Halleck, near Holla, December 14, 1861. Assistant Ad.iutant-General, Department of the Missouri. Siu: Although the payment of the regiments here has ])een already commenced and decisive directions have been esj)ecially given, as I am informed, to the pay- masters for the payment of Wright's cavalry battalion and Boyd's infantry regi- ment (h>oth originally Home Guard organizations), no orders have been rereived by the paymasters to disburse the sums due the two reserve volunteer regiments, of which I the day l)efore yesterday reported by telegraph and mail. In (jrder, therefore, to remove as soon as possible the difficulties in which the men 106 MISSOURI TKOOI'S UNION. heiv of those rciriiiu'iits and tlirir faniilii-s at St. Louis aiv involvrd, I lu'tr leave to havi' laid l>efi)iv the e(nuniandin>r yciieral mure fully, thmuiih Acting- I'>ri<:adier-(ien- eral Alhrrt, to whose ln-iirade they lieioiiLr, the importance of an immediate order to the paymasters in accordance with the tele.iiram issut'd to mt' the day Itefore yester- day from head(|uarters. Have tlie kindness to secure Colonel Aft)ert an early interview with the command- ing general. Very respectfully, youi- ohedient servant, [Ale.\.\noi:r] Asboth, Artin;/ }htjijr-(U'iu'nd, Coiiunanditir/ Fourth Dirhron. (A. 49, department of the Missouri, 1801.) Apparently as a result of these representations. Major-General Hal- leek issued an order in which he directed that all corps reoularly mus- tered into service for three years, with a leo-ul oroanization. including- the Tnited States Reserve Cor})s, should he paid for past services actiudly rendered l>v theni. and that irreuidar organizations mustered in with an unauthorized limitation as to place of service slioidd be allowed the option of ])ein,o- reoiilurly mustered into service for three years or durino- the war. with i)ay for past ser\ice, or of being mus- tered out with pa3^ only for the period of actual service in Missouri away from their homes. Following is a copy of the order: Gen'kral Okdeks, 1 Headqu.\rteks Department of the Missouri, No. 25. / St. Louis, Decemhir 14, 1S61. w -Ir * * * * * II. All corps regularly mustered into the service of the United States for three years or during the war, unless sooner discharged, in accordance with General ()rders of the War Department, current series. No. lo, plan of organization, and No. t)l, declaring when certain officers are to be mustered in, according to the number of men enrolled, and in case of cavalry regiments, with (General Orders, Xo. 78, allowing 3 majors to a regiment when consisting of 11' companies, and 2 majors to a regiment of 8 or 10 companies, no matter what the descrii>tive designation, whether United States Reserve C'orjis or whatever it may be, will l)e paid to cover the period of past service actually rendered by them, and they will be paid hereafter at the regular peri(Mlical nuisters until further orders. * * * III. Home Guards and otlier irregular organizations mustered in with an unau- thorized limitation as to place of service, or in service without having been mustered in, will be allowed the option to be now regularly mu-tered in for three years or during the war, according to law and regulations, to cover the full time of back servii-e, so that they can be regularly paid and furnished with supplies, or to be mustered out of service and receive pay only for the period they " liave done active service in Missouri away from their homes." * -Jr * -It * * * By order of ^hijor-General llalleck: J. C. Keltox, Asmtant Adpitant-General. In a letter addressed to the Adjutant-General of the Army under date of December 13, 1801, General llalleck said of the United States Reserve Corps: There seems to have been some misapi»rehension at Washington in respect to the "Reserve Corps" and '' Home Guards." The former, at least the regiment stationed in this city [St. Louis], are regularly mustered into service for three years without any limitation as to their place of service. They are regularly organized Missouri Volunteers and entitled to pay au. 4:^4.] U. 8. RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS ' SERVICE. 107 And in ;i lotter iiddivssod to Major-Goiu'nd McClolhm, De('eml)er 11), 1861, (xenerul llalU'ck said: llKAixirAiJi'i:'^^ 1)i:i-aktmi:nt of the Missouri, .Sy. Lull is, December 19, 1S61. ]Maj. (ten. (iEowiE B. McClei.i.an, (tenkual in Chikf ok the Ahmy, Wdxiiington < 'it;/. Gen'ekal: ;;. * •::• » * ■» * I am proiiri'ssint,' slowly with the renrsanization (if tlic forces here. It is a most ditticult task, incroasod by the iujudicious orders of the War Department and the jealousies of the irovernoVs of States. * * * The United States Reserve Corps, as they are ealled, are treneraliy regularly orjranized ^li.sxouri Vohiiiteers, mustered in for tliree years or the war, without hmitation a.s to place of serviee. The pay department has objected to pay tliese troops, on the urround that there was some out- side verbal or tacit understanding that they would not lie onlered out of the State. I can not recognize any such unrecorded verbal understanding, and must be guided alone by the muster rolls, which are perfectly regular. Moreover, General Curtis informs'me that he refu.()ve. and on Deeeniher IS, ISdl, General Asi)oth addressed Alajor-General Halleck as follows: HEAi)(ir.\RTERs Fourth Division, Cuiiij) Halleck, near RoLla, December 18, 1861. Assistant Ad.) utant-Genera i., Hendqitdrters Departmenf of the Mixi^onr'i. Sir: Owing to the agitation in St. Louis, through the (Jerman papers, well calcu- lated to increase the' dissatisfaction of the Reserve Corps \'olunteer regiments despite the ])ublication of General Orders No. 25, 1 have thought proper to issue the inclosed circular to the troops embodying the letter of the conimanding general received to-day. I have been especially induced to this course by the interjuetation which the x^ommander of the First Reserve Corjis Volunteers, Colonel Rombauer, insists upon api)lying to the General Order above, claiming as he does an authority under it to muster his regiment out of the service. Major Crane, the senior i)aymaster, has not yet received orders to pay those reg- iments and I have therefore again to trouble the commanding general to have them sent here through Colonel Andrews in accordance with (ieneral Oiders, No. 25, whii-h covers the wliole case. Very respectfully, y<)ur obedient servant, [Alexander] Asboth, Actiiit/ .Udjur-Uencral, Commanding Fourth Dicision. [A 56, Department of the Missouri, 1861.] The circidar referred to hy GcMieral Asboth is as follows: Circular \ HEADciUARTERs Fourth Division, No. ;:>. ) * Cdiiij) Halleck, near Holla, December 18, 1861. In answer to my report submitted to the general commanding Department of the Missouri, through Actg. Brig. (ten. Albert, soliciting an immediate order to the 108 MlSSorUI TROOPS UNION. Ituyiniister for the luiyiuent o( the First and Seeond Reserve Corps Missouri Vohiii- teer regiments, the eununanding general iiiniself writes as follows: " llKAixiiAHrKKs Department oe the Missouri, "»S^ Loitis, Drcriiihcr J,'), 1S61. " General Asiunii, " ('a))ip )H'. Kverything will be done to have the troops pai(i as soon as possible. " \'ery respectfully, " 11. W. Hauleck., Major-doural.'^ In the Cieneral Orders, No. 25, I see a full guaranty for the payment of the regiments in (jucstion, and if any doubt were left the commanding general's above explanation entirely dispels it. To pri'vi'ut, tiieri'l'ore, any misrepresentation or misapprehension 1 deem it proper to accpiaint all the conunands of my division and espei-ially tlie members of the two regiments named witii the autograph letter of the gt>neral commanding and its satis- factory contents. Conuuanders will publish this i-iri'ular in full to ofhcers and men. [ A I.E\ A XDEU] ASBOTH, Aci'nui Mdjor-dnicnil, ('i>i)ii)i(nidi}ig Fourth J>irii6, 1S61. Capt. John C. Kei.ton, . [sxiMaiit Adi>itant-(ui\eral. Captain: The general directs me to transmit to you for the consideration of the couuuaniling general the accompanying reports of the colonel of the First Regiment rnitetl States Reserve Ci>rjis, and of the lieutenant-colonel of the Second Regiment I'liited States Reserve Corps, First Brigade, Fourth Division. These regiments are actually niitit for tlu" lielil and can not 1h' relied on, It would therefore be ailvisable to leave one of them as garrison at this post, together with Colonel Phelps's regiment, ill casi' of a forward movement, and the other might be ordered to Franklin to relieve the Ninth Iowa, including the battery at that piist. which conunand is very aiwious to get something to do and which would render very etticient service in the lield. The general therefore urges the necessity of making the i>roposed change, and respei'tfuUy retpiests the I'ommanding general to attach the Ninth Iowa Regi- ment with the iiatteiy to this conunaml. By order of Brigailier-tieneral Sigel, conunanding: Very resjiectfuUy, your obeiUent servant. T. A. MEYSEXBrRG, Second Lietdotaxt and Aldi-dt-Ci>. [S. 1315. V. S., 18(^2.] On flaniiafv IT. ISii-J. (Jenefal llalUn-k issued an order,in wliieh he warned the di.^eontented nieiuhers of the Reserve Corps of the results to he expected from a violation of their tuilitarv ohliu'ations. Follow- iiio' is a copy of the order: U. S. RESKKVK ('ORTS, THRKK YKARs' SERVICK. 109 GeNKKAI. OkDKHS, "1 UKAIXilAinKUS Din'AKTMKNT OF TlIK >[ ISSOf UI , No. 22. i .S?. Loiii^!, ./'niiKir;/ 11, 18t:2. ******* II. Offianization* which liave been inusteivd into the (inited States service u.ider the title of " Keserve Corps," or other (lesiiinations, are re^aihirly in the niiHtary serv- ice of the United States, and are to he paid and snp[)Hed tlie same as any otiier troops. It is not tlie intention to require the service of such troops out of this State, except in cases of cncr^ency, l)ut they must (h) the same (hity as other tr.)ops, and any refusal on tlieir part to obey order.-* will be punished to the full extent of the law. if they altsent themselves from their post without proper leaves, they will be treati'd as deserters. Olliccrs who may neglect their duties and fail to preserve order and discipline anions tlu-ir men will be dismissed the service. Anyi)er.>Jou found creatiiiij; dissatisfaction and mutiny amonij the troops will be seized and (!on- tined, and if found }j;uilty will suffer death. I'y ordei' of ,Major-(ieneral iialleck: J. C. Kki.ton, Assistanf Adjutaiit-dcnetdl. Ill Jiuuuirv, 1S()2, the Tliii'd UiiitiHl St;it(>s Reserve Corps was con- .solidiited with the (laseonade County Hattalion and other lie.scrve Corp.s oro-anizatioiis to form the Fourth Missouri Infantry Volunteers. This was followed by a mutiny and the disarming- and confinement of the meml)(M-s of sevei'al companies, as amiounced in (uMieral Orders, No. 28, hca(l(|uarters I)ei)artment of the Missouri, dated February 2, 1862, of which the foUowino- i.s a copy: GeNI:KAL OkUEHS, 1 IllCAOtiUAHTEKS DkI'AHTMENT of TlIK MlS.SOl'Ul, No. 28. ) St. Lonix, Fchraarii i^, IS6i^. Several companies of the Fourth Ke^nment of ^Missouri Volunteers, lately called the Third United States Keserve C-orps, having shown themselves mutinous and dis- obedient of orders, have l)een disarmed and i>laced in confinement at Benton Har- 'racks. The privates and noncommissioned othcers of these companies will be sent under a suitable jruard to ('airo to work on the fortifications at that i)lace until further orders. The commanding ofiicer of that post will see that these companies arc made to work faithfully on the fortilications, and will report to these hea(l(|uarters the names of any who !)y their repentance and obedience to orders and discipline desei've pardon and restoration to military raidc and respect. The oflicers of these companies have not joined in this nuitinous demonstration, but they have failed or ne<_dected to enforce order, obedience, and military discipline; tliey will therefore l)e mustered out of service and discharjjed. The major-j^eneral conmiandinti; this departnu'ut is always willing to listen to com- plaints and ready to redress well-founded ^'rievances; but, at the same time, he is determined to enforce discipline and obedience to orders, and any conii)anies, rejj;i- ments, or corps which shall hereafter disobey orders or exhibit a nmtinous dis)>osi- tion, will l)e dealt with in a most smnmary manner. The Rules and Articlesof War in respect to mutiny will be ri<>()rously enforced. ^^y command of >Iajor-(ieneral Iialleck: N. II. McLean, As>^istai)t A(ljntiint-(unier((f. This order was followed by one dated February 26, 1862, threaten- inof with arrest and punishment '"certain parties" accused of practices calculated to produce dissiitisf action and mutinous conduct. Follow- ing is a copy of the order: General Ordeks, 1 IIkaixjuakters l)Fi'Ai{T>rKNT of tue Mlssocri, No. 4S. r ,S7. Lniik, Mil., Fdirnarij m, 1862. ****** * IV. It is otlicially represented to the cummandinti general that certain parties in this city and el.'^ewhere have bt'cn neuotiatinj,' with companies and rejiiments, orijri- nally, i>erhai)s, irrcirularly organized, to obtain for a certain price tlieir disbandnu-nt or discharjie, and encourat^dni,' expressions of dissatisfaction ans soon after occurrod in the First United States Reserve Corps, and also in the Fourth and Fifth Missouri Cavalry reuinients. eonjposed jiartially of the Ilollan Horse, whieh was originally formed as a Reserve Corps oro-ani/ation. Coni'ernino- these mutinies. Hrioadier- (xeneral SehotieUl. then eonnnandino- the Oistrietof Missouri, repoi'ted. uniU'r ilate of ,Iuly lo. 18():^. as follows: HkAIHHAKTKKS DlSTKlCT OK MiSSOlKI, St. /.(>!( /.v, ,////// ],i. 1S6J. Col. John (,'. Kkiton. Axsistaiit AdJHtiint-dt'nt'raly Deimrtrntiit <>/ the .IZ/.w/x'?//)^)/, ('uriiitJi, Miss.: I have the honor to report for the information of the eonnnandino; general the mutinous conduct of a portion of the troops under my command ami the ihspositiou 1 have made of them. When the connnandinir ucneial directetl me to reinforce (Jeneral Curtis by all my available force. I had no infantry that could l)e u.>^ed at once exi'cpt Colonel liom- bauer's rcirinient, the First I'nitcd States Ke.^^erve Corjis. then stationed aioiiir the Pai'itic Kailroad. I at once concentrateil this reiriment at Uolla and ordered it for- ward to Batesville. It jM-oceeded as far as Wi'st Plains, and there mutinied, all except the ottii-crs and about 2S7 men. refusin^r to so farther. Colonel Kombauer detailed 12 olticcrs and a iruard of I'M men to remain with the nuitineers. directing them to guard the post of West Plains. But the otticer left in command, finding that his men could not be relied upon to defend the jilace in case of attack, returned to Holla with his entire i-ommand. At Kolla L\SS nonconunissioned othtrrs and men broke out in opi'u mutiny, refus- ing to do any duty whatever, antl declaring their determination to break up and ct>me to St. Louis. They were promptly arrested. di.e most etlicient and the remaining ottii-ers be mustered out of service. I have also to report a nmtiny in one company of the Fourth Missouri Cavalry and three companies of the Fifth Mis.ops that gave so uuu-h trouble in north Missfi('r-(ieneral. [Ixiok No. 5ti8. Department of the Missouri, p. -M.] On Auo-ust 1(5. 18(i:2. Brio-. Cien. Lewis Merrill, eonunantlino- the Division of Xorth(>ast MW;souri. reported in a letter to General Seho- tield that there was likelv to he trouble with the mutineers;, and that U. S. RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS SERVICE. Ill as they were evidently acting under tlie conviction tliat they were clearly within their rights he was U>ath to proceed to extrenit^ measures. His letter is as follows: llK.VnQrAKTKKS DlVlSIOX XORTIIEAST MlSSe troiil)le with the mutineers. I inelose herewith a translation from one of the Saint Louis (lerman papers, and would state, for tlie information of the ,u:eneral, that upon thonuiiih iuvestiization of the whole mat- ter, partly pei-sonal and partly throuuh Lieutenant Brandt, that the men have become thorouixhly convinced that they are dointr riirht and will suhmit to any })unishment rather than work beyond the thirty days, which, they claim, is the limit of the time for which they can be maile to work without trial. Thinkiuii at lirst that it wassimi)ly insubordination incited by some of the mi.schievous leaders amonu; them, 1 had intended issuing an order requiring them to [go to] work and enforce the order to the extreniest severity, if neeil be, but became satisfied, on fuller investigation, that the whole of them are acting njion what they believe to be a principle of right, and that the result of the attempt would have been the necessity of shooting at least half of them. Had I been convinced that they had no justice in their claims I should not have hesitated to tio so; but believing, as 1 am compelled to, that theilistinct under- standing on their {lart on enlistment was that they were to serve only in the State, and that that statement was made l)y authority, I am loath to push to extremities men who, however wrong (I think), are acting upon principle. I submit the whole matter to the general for his decision, with the assurance that his orders will be enforced, whatever they nuiy be. I am, colonel^ very I'espectfuUy, your obedient servant, Lewis Merrill, Brigailier-Oeneral, Commandhtg. [Book No. 647, Department of the Missouri, j). 6.] This letter was forwarded by General Schotield to department heade regularly nuistered in as volunteers or to lie nuistered out has reuilered them discontented and dissatistied with service even in Missouri. They are mostly troops of that character which can be kept in a tolerable state of discipline only by the presence of other troops who can be relied on to enforce orders. You are aware that this is impossible in ^lissouri, where troojis are necessarily very much scattered. With a few honorable excejitions the othci-rs of these regiments are utterly ineth- cient. They have no control whatever over their men. If disbanded most of the men who are tit for active service will reenlist in other regiments, while the (iovernment will be relieved from the support of the old and worthless, of which there are a large number. 112 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. Trt'o of tho regiments, the First and Second, are n(j\v doing no service whatever. One of them ha-* been under punishment more than a month, and not a single man is wilHng to return to duty on any terms. They seem to liave a fixed conviction that tiiey have 'Ijeen unjustly dealt with and an obstinate determination to suffer any punishment rather than to return to duty. I inclose a lett.^r receive! fro:n Colonel Merrill on the subject which exhibits the state of fcMiuij among the raea t) whom I refer. Notwithstanding that I am now in'neel of more troops, I am satisfied it will bean actual relief to m ^ to get rid of the^e men. I therefore respectfully but earnestly request tha commanding general to authorize me to have them mustered out of service. I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. M. SciiOKiELD, Brigadier-General. [Book No. 568, Department of the Missouri, ]>. 95.] General ScotieldVs letter was forw.ii-ded to tho Hoad [uartei-s of the Army, and, on Aiu^ust 2S, 1832, he was authorized to muster out of service the Rjserve Corps reo-hnents in his district. This authority was conveyed in a letter of which the following is a copy: Ap.IUTANT-GeNEKAI.'s Ol<"FICE, Washington, I). C, August SS, 1862. Brig. Uen. J. M. Schofiei.d, Commanding District Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receiptof your letter of the 22d instant, in reference to the mustering out of service of the "Reserve Ci)rps" regiments of ^lis- souri. In reply I am directed to inform you that you are hereby auth(jrized to have the said regiments in your district mustered out of the service of the United States. Fj. D. Townsend, Assist(tnt Adjutant- General. [Letters sent, A. G. O., Vol. 2, 1862, p. 404.] Immediately upon the receipt of this letter General Schotield issued the following- order: Special Orders, \ HEADciUARXERs District of Missouri, No. 98. J ,S'/. Louis, September 1, 1862. Authority having been received from the War Department to muster out of service the Reserve Corps regiments in this district, they will be mustered out as rapidly as their places can be supplied by other troops. The Second Regiment (Colonel Kallman), now at Benton Barracks, will be mustered out without delay by Lieut. J. T. Price, Fiftli Uuite conduct and complaints of certain officers and enlisted men of the S 'cond Regiment Missouri Artillery.'"' The findings of the hoard, of whicii B'.'ig. Gen. Fitz Henry Warren was president, and which met April 8, 1863, at St. Louis, Mo., were as follows: First. The present Second Regiment Artillery Missouri Volunteers was originally enlisted and mustered into service as the First Regiment Artillery FnitedStates Reserve Corps, with tlie understanding on the part of the men that they were to serve only in the State of Missouri and princi])ally in the St. Louis fortifications. Second. The change of the name (jf the regiment on November 20, 1861, by order of the eoramander of the district of St. Louis could not change the nature vi service due by the men, except, first, it was made with their full consent; and, second, unless they were renuistered into the United States service as volunteers. Third. The men of this regiment have never consented to a change of the nature of the service due by them to the United States. Fourth. This regiment has never lieen renuistered into the United States service as volunteers. Fifth. The conclusion from the above is that the Second Regiment Artillery Mis- souri Volunteers is a Reserve Corps regiment, and entitled to be treated as such in all respects. Sixth. The letter from the War Department to Brigadier-General Schofield, stat- ing that he is authorized to nuister out of service the Reserve Corps, although permissive rather than directory in its language, yet when taken in connection with the letter of General Schofield, to which it is in reply, should be deemed an order to muster out all Reserve Corps, and that General Schofield himself so construed it is apparent from his Special Orders, No. 98, in relation to tiie regiments of Colonels Kail- man and Rombauer. This board is therefore of the opinion tliat the present so-called Second Regiment Missouri Volunteers, being in reality a Reserve Corps regiment, should be mustered out of the service. Seventh. In case the regiment, as such, is mustered out of the service, still the 600 men now in it who have been recruited since the change of name and under the notice that they were to serve as volunteers, and have been mustered into the United States service as volunteers, are not entitled to be mustered out, but should be reor- ganized and assigned to duty. Eighth. The original muster-ing in of this regiment as a Reserve Corps regiment was illegal, being in opposition to existing orders. Ninth. When this regiment was originally mustered in, it contained nearly oOO men unfit for duty, and who have since been discharged for physical disability exi.st- ing at the time they were enlisted, and for this the United States nmstering officer and the inspecting surgeon should be held to answer. Tenth. The evidence discloses such a condition of affairs in the regiment as to render its reorganization indispensal)ly essential to its efficiency in the event of its being retained in the service. P^leventh. The order convening this board calls upon them to report upon the "conduct" of the legiment. The evidence discloses the fact that most of the com- panies have at some period or otlier been in a state of mutiny, the alleged reason in each instance being that they were illegally changed from United States Reserve 11 (i MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. Corps to United State? Volunteers without their consent and a^'ainst their will. While the l)oard can never l)elieve that nmtiny was justifiable, they express the opinion tliat the t;rievanee alk'LH'd was i-eal. [Ihid-l Tho pi'oc'iMHiiiiy's :uul liiuliiiiis of the boanl wito forwarded ))y Major- Goneral Curtis by iiidor.scnient dated May 7. ISi;;;. as follo\v.><: llE.VD(irAKTEKS DkPA KTM KNT OF THE MISSOURI, St. Louh, Man 7, 1S03. Respectfully fnrwanleil to the Adjutant-deneral of the Army, accompanying letter to the (uMieral in Chief of date of .May 4. Attention is respi'ctfully called to the pro- ceeilinns and (indiiiii of the i-onrt of inquiry, and the atiiilavits, orders, letters, and other |)ai>ers attaciied. Should the liiiding of the court be approved, I have the honor to reiiuest that tlu'se pajiers be returned with full instructions as? to the dis- position to be made of the "Reserve Corps" portion of tiie Second Missouri Artillery. S. R. CiRTis, M(tj'jr-(ie)a'n(l. [Ibid.] The letter of May -1, lS(io. referred to in (Jeneral C'urtis's indorse- ment, is as t'olU)ws: IIkaihuakteks 1)ei'autment of the Missoi-Ri, ,St. Louis, May 4, 1S63. Maj. (ien. II. AV. IIai.i.eck, (hnvrid in Chief. CiEXEKAl: Yours of the 2v)th ultimo, concerninir the Second Artillery Reiiiment, is received. You are mistaken in supposinj; all are to be mustered out. None will l)e if you are sure a full "thorouirh examination" was had last year and the matter was properly then and there decided that "they were regularly mustered in for the war." The order to remuster was given by me and I had been assured b\- the ottit-ers they luul been remustered, and so they were. But it was for pay and not for muster in again. I have tried to force these men to do duty. Tl;ey have been jmnished almost to the death; but they have demanded a liearing on a charge of fraud in this second muster. Ceneral Davidson, a severe disciplinarian, and Ciciieral Warren, and Colonel Glover, who had detachments of these troops and in Vioious ways endeav- ored to force obedieui-e, assured me there wa-: some mistake, and tiie facts should be iiuiuired into. They would not do duty and were worse than u-^eless. The men asked to have the facts determined. There is nothing on record that shows the men had been heard in the premises. They claimed the benefit of tl;e order re(|uiring me to muster out the Reserve Corps, and if the fact existtnl as they still averred, I supposctl my duty plain. On their petition, properly indorsed, I finally submitted the matter to discrci't. unprejudiced officers. They called in the ollicers and i)rob- ably some of the men, and the proof shows that they were not rcmnstereil and sworn as three-year volunteers They did not so understand it. and the rolls do not show it, but on the contrary show they are i^till a s|>ei'ialty. No one was more vexed and siu-prised than I have l)een in this matter. It was a remuster under j^vtense of pay muster, and the rolls show it was only muster for pay. The court, I l>elieve, decided unanimously that they were not renmstered; that they are a Reserve Corjis, and ought to be mustered out ]>ui-suant to your order. I have suspended the muster out as your telegraph expressed disapproval, and I shall still await your further orders. Ahhough only ]x\rt of the corj^s iiave been regarded as Home (iuards, the whole regiment is demoralized. 1 am sure no one knows bet- ter than I do the troubles that have arisen from these irregular organizations, and I have always regretted the order which they persistently claim as a right to be mus- tered out. Properly enntUed we have no better soldiers, but as now organized they are only useful when they think their homes are in danger. I have resisted step In- step these losses of Home (uiard troops, and my utmost efforts fail. The proof is irresistil^le. They are included within the st-ope of my orders from you and the honorable Secretary of War. Shall 1 proceed to execute the order and try to get new and unquestional>le musters? Tt seems to me necessary. I remain, ctinunishment in order that the.^^e men may be ol)liged to do their duty be disjiensed with, then T would most respectfully and earnestly reconuuend that all those claiming to belong to the Reserve Corps be immediately nuistered out of service. J AS. TOITEX, Brigadier- (General, Lis perl or- (h'neraVs Depdrtmctit. [Ibid.] 118 MTSSOTTRT TROOPS UNION. The inspection report was forwarded to the Adjutant-General of the Army, accoinpiinied l\y a letter from (leneral Schofield as follows: lIliADQUARTEKS DKl-AltTMENT (IF TIIK MISSOURI, ,S'/. Lonly, Mo., Juhj 27, 1863. Col. E. D. TOWXSEND, Aio^ixbDit Adjutant-(re)i(;rid, U. S. A., WdKhiiKjImi, J)^ C. Coi-onel: I have the lionor to transmit herewith inspection report of the Second Artillery Missonri Volunteers, with request that it l)e laid l)efore the General in Chief, and his special attentidn asked to the facts as set forth in the report and the recommendations of the insjiecting- officers. I am aware that in Novend)er, 1861, this rei^iment was reorjjanized and remustered with the intention of making it a volunteer I'eginient. Whatever else may have been done it is quite certain that the men were entirely deceived as to the nature and object of this remuster. Whether this deception was intentional or ntit on the part of their otticers, it would be ditficult, if not impossible, to ascertain. Wliether intentional or not the effect is the same. The feeling of the men is too unanimous to admit of a doubt as to their sincerity. I am satisfied, therefore, that the men and officers who were in the regiment at the time of remuster in 1861 should be mustered out of service as a simple act of justice, even were there no other considerations involved. Unfortunately this question has been discussed during the last year in a party spirit, by the press of St. l^ouis, and has been made the occasion for reflection upon the othcial conduct of the several officers involved in it here, also that of the (ien- eral in Chief and War Department. This, added to the repeated promises that have been made to the men that they should be mustered out, has so increased the dis- order and mutinous spirit in the regiment that any remedy short of muster out would, in my opinion, lie unavailing. I have determined riot to make the attempt to return the men to duty without once more appealing to the (leneral in Chief to permit me to reorganize the regiment and muster out the "Reserves." With this authority I can soon make it a good regiment, efficient for service where it will be needefl. It never has been, and never will be, of any use whatever in St. Louis. Now it is a disgrace to the service, as well as utterh' useless. I respectfully request an early decision of this question. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. M. ScnoFiELD, Major-Gencral. Ilbid.] On Auo-ust ;-), 18«!;-), the General in Chief, to whom the inspection report had been submitted, authorized General Scholield to muster out such officers and men of the Second Artillery as he mio-ht deem necessary. Thereupon General Schotield issued the following- order: Special ORnEKs, \ Headquarters I)epartme\t of the ]Miss()rRi, Xo. 219. ) ,Sf. Lo>ti.'<, Mo., August 13, 1S03. * * ":■ vr -X- * •/: 'A. All the noncommissioned oflicers and privates of the Second Regiment Artillery Missouri Voluntt'crs, with the exceptions hereinafter referred to, who were enlistc^l before the 20th day of Xtivember, 1861, will be nmstered out of service without delay. All men who are now under punishment by .ser.tence of general court-martial or military connnission, all who have l)een tried and are awaiting sentence, and certain others against whom grave charges have been preferred (a list of which men accom- panies this order for the infornnition of the mustering officer) will be excepted from tills muster out of .service. -X- •:<- w -X- -A- * * The Second Missouri Artillery Volunteers will be reorganized and recruited to its maxinuun as rapidly a-^ i)racticable. For this purpose a military board will be apiiointed to examine the capacity, (|uali- fications, propriety of conduct, and etfiriency of all the commissioned otHcers of the regiment, anefore cited directing the muster out of the Reserve Corps regiments. ARTILLERY. First Reqiriwnt. — This regiment, composed of twelve companies of heavy artillery and three light ])atteries. was organized at St. Louis, Mo., from' Septemi)er to November, 186L On November 20, 1861, its des- ignation was changed bv order of Brigadier-General Curtis, command- ing the St. Louis District, to the "Second Regiment Missouri Volun- teers. '' The number of companies was subsequently reduced by consol- idation to the regulation standard. The enlisted men who belonged to the original Reserve Corps regiment, except those who were reserved for punishment, were mustered out of service under the provisions of Special Orders, No. 219'' of August 13. 1863. headquarters Department of the Missouri. INFANTRY. First Regimerd. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis, Mo., during the month of Septeml)er. 1861. and was mustered out of serv- ice during the months of September and October. 1862. under the pro- visions of Special Orders. No. 98.'' headquarters District of ^Missouri, dated September 1, 1862, authorizing the muster out of the Reserve Corps regiments. Second Regiment. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis. Mo., during the months of August and September, 1861, and was mustered out of service in Septeml)er, 1862, under the provisions of Special Orders, No. 98.*' headquarters District of Missouri, dated September 1, 1862, authorizing the muster out of the Reserve Corps regiments. Third RKiihient. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis, Mo., during the months of August and Septe!iil)er, 1861. It was consoli- dated w'ith the Gasconade County Battalion. I'nited States Reserve Corps, to form the Fourth ^Missouri ^'olunteers, Avhich latter regiment was mustered out of service February 1. 1863, apparently under the "Order quoted on page 106. "Order quoted on page 112. ^Order quoted on page 118. 120 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. provisions of Spooiiil Orders, No. 98," ho;id([uarters District of Mis- souri, dated Septeiiil)er 1, I80:i. authorizinii' the muster out of tlie Reserve Corps reg-inients. Fourth Riij'nmnt. — This reo-inient was or^i'anized at St. Louis. Mo., during the uionths of September and October, 18H1, and was nuistered out of service January 13. 1862. apparently under the provisions of General Orders, No. 25'' of December 14, 1801, headquarters Depart- uieut of the Missouri. Fifth Reijiineitt. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis. ]SIo., froiu September to Decem1)er. IS()1. and was consolidated with certain independent companies to form the Fifth ^Missouri Volunteers. The com})anies originally forming tlu> Reserve Corps regiment were uuis- tennl out of service Noveud)er 22. 1S«;2. under the ])rovisions of S})e- cial Orders, No. H8," headquarters District of Missouri, dated Septem- ber 1, 1802, authorizing- the muster out of the Reserve Corps regi- ments. Gmconadt Count;/ Buttullon. — This battalion was organized at Her- mann, ]\Io., from October. iSfU. to Jaiuiary. 18()2. It was consolidated with the Third Infantry, United States Reserve Corps, to form the Fourth Missouri Volunteers, which latter regiment was nuistered out of service February 1, LSiio, api)arently under the provisions of Special Orders, No. 98." headquarters District of ^Missouri, dated September 1, 1862, authorizing the uuister out of the Reserve Corps regiments. KreJcePs Battalion. — This battalion was organized at St. Louis. Mo., during the month of August. 1861. It was uuistered out of service January 8. 1862. a})parently under the provisions of Geneial Orders. No. 25.'' of December 14. 18()1. hcad(juart(u-s Department of the Missouri. Van ILn'n's Batt'tlion. — This battalion was organized at Kansas City, Mo., during the months of June. July, and August. 1S61. under authority of General Lyon. It Avas captui-ed and paroled at Ijcxington. Mo., September 20, 1861. and the greater portion of the enlisted uien were mustered out of service October 29, 1861. The reuiaining mem- bers were consolidated with the Thirteenth Regiment Missouri Infantry in December. 1861, the consolidated force forming the Twenty-tifth Missouri Infantry. No claim ajipinirs to hav(^ been made l>y uiembers of this regiment for discharge under the orders directing the muster out of the I'nited States Reserve Corps regiments. Dietrich\'< lndt'j)tn(l('nt Conijxoii/. — This company was organized at ^Manchester. Mo., August 15, 186 L It was mustered out of service February 3. 1862, apparently under the provisions of General Orders, No. 25,** of December 14. 1861. headquarters Department of the Missouri. King-s Indiqyendcnt Com pant/. — This company was organized at Fraidvlin, ]Mo.. during the months of September and October. 1861. It was uuistered out of service January 23, 1862. apparently under the provisions of (Jeneral Orders. No. 25.'' of Deceml)er 14, 1861, headquarters Department of the Missouri. The status of the United States Reserve Corps accepted into the service for the period of three years was that of Missouri volunteers in the service of the United States. It formed a part of the military establishment of the United States during- the short period of its "Order quoted on page 112. ''Order quoted on page 106. U. S. RESEKVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 121 existence. Its history iiiis been given soniewhtit in dettiil and at con- siderable length, especially with regard to individual organizations, because the peculiar conditions of acceptance, the incidents of service, and the cause of disbandnient may be of importance in the determina- tion of questions that may arise rehitive to the rights of officers and .enlisted men. or their representatives, under the bounty and pension laws and the statutes with regard to tiavel-pay. and other allowances. These questions, however, are not within the jurisdiction of the War Department, except so far as they involve ([uestions with regard to military status or service. As shown in this report, the United States Reserve Corps organiza- tions, three years' service, were one battalion of cavalry, one regiment of artillery, and tive regiments, three battalions, and two independent companies of infantry. THREE YEARS' VOLUNTEERS. Like the ^Missouri luilititi of IStil. the throo years' voluntcors acoopted into the servico from that State duriiio- the early period of tlie eivil war were enrolUvl and oroanizixl under the supervision of the United States military authorities. No speeitic authority for their oro-aniza- tion has been found of record, but that such authority was o^ivon is shown by the recorded correspondence. In a hotter dated May '24:. 18(U. addressed to the Secretary of War. Col. F. P. Blair, jr. (colonel of the First Missouri Militia, three months' sorvice). referred to "the four reo-iments assionod to Missouri for three y*»ars' sei'vice." and to an "order reipiirino- two-thirds of the othctM-s to be appointed ])v the ^•overnor of the State." which order he said would not be i-om])lied with, ""and the (lovernment could not accept officers appointed l)y a traitor under anv circumstances." Followino- is a copv of Colonel Blair's letter: St. Loris, Mo., Maii ;?4, 1S61. Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretarij of ^yar: The fitur iviriments assitrnt'd to ^lisjsouri for tlu-ee yearsi' service ran easily Vie raised, but tlie order requiring; two-thirds of the ottieers to l>e apixnnted hy the governor of the State will not he complied with, and the (.Tovernnient could not accept officers appointed by a traitor under any circumstances. As the brijiade will be under command of Creneral Lyon, will it not be best to allow him to nominate the officers, sul^ject to the ajipnnal of the President? Send him tlie onler by telcirniph immediately. ******* F. P. Bl.vu?. Jr. [Official Keciirds of the Tnion and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, pp. 375, 376.] UntliM- date of flune 1. IStil. Brio-. Gon. Nathaniel Lyon, who had succeeded to the command of the DepartnuMit of the West, addressed a letter to the President in which (subscribino- himself as connuandino- the arsenal at St. Louis) he referred to ** four reo-iments for the three years* service" as the quota of the State of Missouri, and reconnnended the acceptance of the "American Zouave Corps," of St. Louis, as an additional reo-iment. This letter is as follows: Arsenal, .SY. LokIk, Jtoit' 1, 1S61. His Kxcellency Ahuaham Lincoln, Pi-t'sident of the United States. Dear Sir: The ".Vmerii-an Zouave Corps," of St. Louis, composed of some of the best younsr men of the city, have earnestly entreated me to receive them into the Vniteil States service, whiih I reirvet I have not the ]>ower to do. I have referred them ti> Your Kxcellem-y. and Charles P. Johnson, esq., one of their number, visits Washiuirton City for the purpose of tenderinjr the services of the regiment to the Administration for such time as may lie required by the public neces- 122 THREE YEAP.s' YOLTTNTEERS. 123 pitiPiJ. You can place full reliance upon the representati(ins of Lieutenant Johnson, and r tru8t I may \m permitted to hope that the tender of this valuable corps, com- ing as it does from this locality, will be accepted at once. If more than four regi- ments for the three years' service are to be accepted from this State, it is important this should l)e known, and how many, as five regiments have already offered besides the above. At the request of parties interested the al)ove is submitted to the President. Very respectfully, N. Lyon, Jiri(/i(dier-Gi'it<'r, 1S61. Hon. SiMox Cameron, Sen-etdri/ of ]\\(r: I think it of the utmost importance that an additional regiment, consisting exclu- sively of Irishmen, should be raised in St. Louis. It will at om-e settle matters in St. Louis and do away with tlie prejudice against the Government troops, which consist almost exclusively of (Tcrmans. W.M. S. Harney, BrigdiUer-dinu'rul, Commanding. I i-cmcur in the iuii)ortance and]tolicy of General Harney's recommendations, and believe that it will end our troubles here and enable our tniops to do service else- where. Fraxk p. Blair, Jr., Coloufl Fir.tf l\('r/imrnf }fli^wuri J'ohuifeers. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, pp. 373-374.] No record has been found of a reply to (loneral Harney's h'tter of May 15, 1861, or to Colonel Blairs letter of May '2-i:, ISiU. but on June 7. 1861, the Secretary of War addressed General Lyon as follows: War Department, Wnxhiiigton, June 7, 186 1. Brig. Gen. N. Lyon, (hmmanding Mix-souri M)hnitccrs, Sf. Loni---. General: You are directed to muster in for the war the regiment known as the "American Zouaves," ^lorgan L. Smith, colonel. In explanation of orders heretofore given, it is proper to say that it was intended to allow all the men already in service in Missouri to be nuistered in for the war, or others to be received in lieu of them for that term. Simon Ca:merox. [503 W., A. a. O., 1861.] 124 MISSOUKI TKOOPS UNION. It will 1)3 seen th it, altlioa^'h the orio-inal ''orders'" or instructions have not baen dis.- )v^ered, thi militar\^ authorities at St. Louis were authorized to receive into the service of the United States for the threo vears' term all of the militia and United States Reserve Corps troops then in sei'viee, or their equivalent, numbering- upward of 1(),0(><) men. This authority was evidently given under the Presi- dent's call of May 3, 1861, for 42.03-1 volunteers. The question as to the appointment of otficers. raised in Colonel Blair's letter of May 2-1, IStil. appears to have l)een io-norcd. The organization of volunteer regiments for the long term was at once begun, the First Missouri Militia being reorganized during the month of June, 18t)l, and accepted into service for the period of three years under authoi-ity of General Lyon, by whom authority was also given for the organization of a number of new regiments. The work thus begun l)v Gerieral Lyon was continued by his successor, Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont, who. on July 25, 1861. assumed commtuid of the newly created Western Department. Under date of August 5, 1861, the governor of the State, under the neAV State government, was authorized l)v the War Department to raise 15 regiments — 10 of infantry, 3 of cavalry, and 2 of artillery. This authority, which was evidently given under the acts of July 22 and 25, 1861, was conveyed in a letter of which the following is a copy: War Dei'aktmext, Washington, August 5, 1S61. His Excellency H. R. Gamble. Sir: Hon. F. P. Blair, jr., has tendered to this department 15 additional regiments, to be organized in ^lissouri, for the several arms of the service, as hereinafter stated. You are therefore authorized aud euipo\veree treated in a .separate chapter. On Novenil)or 2, 1801, General Fremont was relieved from the com- mand of tho Western Department, and on November 1!>, 1861, Maj. Gen. [I. W. Halleck assumed connnand of the newly organized Department of the Missouri. The methods adopted })v General Hal- leck for the correction of existing irregularties will, like the irregu- larities themselves, be described in another chapter. One result of his action was to place the organization of Missouri volunteers where it lielonged — with the State authorities. The Secretary of War had, on December 3, 1861, ordered that ''no more regiments, Ijatteries, or independent companies" be raised by the governors of States, except upon the special requisition of the War D.M^artnivMit, and that those then forming in the several States be completed, under the direction of the respective governors thereof, unless it be deemed more advantageous to the service to assign the men alread}' recruited to organizations then in the tield. (General Orders, No. 105, Headquarters of the xlrmy. 1801.) On December 81, 1801, evidently under theprovisionsof this order, the governor of Missouri, in special orders from State headquarters, consolidated several fragmentary organizations, forming from them the Twenty-tirst and Twenty -sixth Missouri Volunteers, and on Jan- uary "2, 1802, General Halleck issued a general order (No. 4), in which he directed that '" under General Orders, No. 105, Adjulant-Generars Office, Washington. December 3. 1861," all corps of Missouri volun- teers not completed be reported to the governor for such action as he might deem expedient to adopt. These orders from the State and department headquarters were fol- lowed in quick succession by other orders from the State executive consolidating incomplete organiz dions, and from the military com- mander mustering out such organizations as had ])een accepted with unauthorized conditions of service, until the organization of the three 3'ears" volunteers was placed upon the basis required by law and the regulations of the War Department. The question of the issue of commissions to officers of the Missouri volunteer regiments early received the attention of the major-general commanding the Department of the Missouri. Those officers had been mustered into service upon apointments received from General Fre- mont, oi' without regular appointments or commissions from any source, and the questionable status of the officers so serving not only caused embarrassment to the commanding general but impaired the efficiency of the troops with which the officers were serving. On December 11, 1801, General Halleck nominated to the governor of the State the officers of the "Merrill Horse" (Second Cavalry) for commissions, to rank from the respective dates on which the officers were mustered into service in the grades for which they were recom- mended. On the same date an order was issued by the State execu- tive announcing, among other things, that commissions would not be issued to officers of Missouri volunteers in the service of the United States until authenticated copies of the muster-in rolls of the corps to which they belonged had been tiled in the office of the adjutant-gen- eral of the State. This order (General Orders, No. 1, of the State of Missouri) was promulgated in General Orders, No. 31, Department of 126 MissoriM ruooi's— UNION. tiic Missouri, (lati'd Dei^'inhcr 20, Istil, of which (he t'oUowiii^- is a ropy: GiiNKKAL OUDEKS, \ 1 1 ICA DiiUAKTIClW I )i;i'.\ KTM KNT OK TIIIC Ml.SfSOrKl, No. ;!1. ( St. l.iinis, iKrcmhcr ;^(J, ISiJl. The attcnliou of Minsouri volunteers is ealli'il to tlic t'ollowiim or'dcrs of the L'<)Ver- iioi' ()f this State: "CiENKKAi, ( )i;i)i:i;s, 1 " 1 1 KAoiiC autkhs Static of IMissoi'hi, ^ "Ad.IUTANT-OkN'KKAI/.S Ol'l'MCK, "No. 4. J ''St. Loitls, Ihnnnhcr J4, 1S61. "I. Cuininissions will not he issued to otlicers of the Missouri volunteers in the serviee of the Ignited Stati's until authenticated copies of the muster-in rolls of the corps to which they belonii' shall have been tiled in theotlice of the adjntant-^i-nei'al of the State; nor will jn'oniotions or appointments to fill vacancies in any particular corps be made unless tht' i-ommander thereof shall have transmitted to the same otlice a formal return, exhibiting' all chanj^es which have taken ])lace in his command from the time of original muster up to and includinjj; llu- dati' of the event by which tlie vacancy sou<.dit to be tilled was occasioned. "II. The major-<;eneral commandin>i- the Department of the ^Missouri, haviuii in view the better discii)line and increaseil etliciency of tlu' troops, has re(iuestt>d that applicati(>ns for commissions or ai)pointments in the Missouri volnnteersshall be sub- mitted to him for his approval before beinj.;' considered by the fi:ovei'nor. "This course will be adojitcd, and will bi' pursued as well in regard to the i.ssue of c'onuni.Msions to ollicers now servini; with the volunteers as to original ai)pointments and ])romotions. " Hy oi'der of the Commandei- in Chief : "('ukstkk a. Hahdino, Jr., ".{(IjntdHt-d'i'tii'rdl." Authenticated coi)ies of musti'r-in rolls will be immediately transmitted incom- pliance witli the above orders. By order of INIajor-deneral llalleck: .1. ('. Kklton, AsxiHi(t)it Adjntiirit-Ciowral. The necivssity for the iimuocliate eoininissiioning' of the ollioer.s was, however, considered by Genertil Halleck to be so pressiiij^- that he iiro'ed upon the g'overnor the importance of reconsideriniJ" his deteriiii- natioM to wait for authenticated co])i(^s of the rolls. The exio-encies of the case as viewed l)y ( Jeneral IlaUeck, ;ind the necessity for ])roMipt action on the j);irt of the oovernor of the State, were stilted l)y the former in a h'tter of ^^•hich (he foMowino- i,s«a copy: St. Louis, Deccniher IS, 1S61. His Kxcellcncy II. K. (iAMni.i:, (Inrcrnor <;/' Mhxonri. (iovEKXou: r>y a letter from your adjutant-general of this date I am informed that conunissions will not be issued to otticers of volunteers now in the service of the United States until authenticated copies of the muster-in rolls shall have been tiled in the office of the adjutant-genei'al of the State and other conditions are com- plied with. in many casi's it will be alnutst impossible at the presi'nt time to i)i'ocu re these authenticated t'o|)ieH for lile, as re(iuired, as the troops are scattered on duty in vari- ous part'J of the State, and months must elapse before such copies can be obtaiiUMl from the paymaster, mustering otlicers, or the Adjiitant-( Jeneral at Washington. The ollicers of tlu'se volunteer companies and n'giments have been in active serv- ice for months under mere appointments, and some have been i>aid as such. I'ut ditliculties now arise in making such jiayments, and the men in many cases, linding that the otlicers have no commissions, refuse to obey them. INIoreover, it is doubt- ful whether such officers, not being commissioned, can legally .^erve on courts-martial. These dithculties are becoming of a very serious i-haracter, and threaten a total dis- organi/ation of some of our best regiments; in some cases the men are on the verge of mutiny. These things call fora jirompt riMuedy. It will not eriiai)s moiitbs, nnist elapse belore com- niissicjns can issue. In tbe meantime disorjianization and want of dis(^i|)iin(' must increase. I may wisb to semi tbese regiments into tbe Held in a very few days. If you ri'fuse to connnission tbe otlicers, bow can they legally exercise conunanflV By delaying tbese commissions you delay tbe pacniication of Missouri, and greatly eml)arrass all plans of idterior operations. 1 hope, governor, yon will I'cconsider this maltcr and issue commissions as fast as I oi)tain satisfactory ])roof of tbe service and nmster in of tbe (illicers. It is tbe only means of getting order out of (;baos. Your order is a very proper one for ordinary times and ordinary circumstances, but J most strenuously urge yon to make an exception in tbe cases I submit to you as requiring innner.s from (JeiuMul llallcck, with which he .suf)niittcd lists of officers whom he dcsii-cd to l)e com- missioned, not from the dates of muster in. as })revioiisly recommended in the case of the officers of th(^ Merrill Horse, hut from the dates of their enrollment, it appearino- that in many cases companies had been "fidl and ready for service icwio- before they \\(\n^ actually nmstered." (Book No. is. Department of tlu^, Missouri, p. SS.) The adjutant-o-(MU'ral of Missouri, in his annual report to the ^"ov- ernor of the State, dated December 81, 1S()8 (p. 17), states: The otbcers of all tbe regiments which were raised in Missouri were, as soon as the machinery of the State government was properly put in operation, connnissioned by your excelknicy in due foiin. On January 1. lS()j{, uccordino- to the adjutant-oeiierars i-eport of that (lat(5, the Missouri volunteers in the service of the United States luunbered ;->!2,82l; but these included some organizations which were subsequently nmstered out of service by reason of unauthorized limi- tations in their contracts of service, besides several organizations, composed of citizens of other States, which were finally transferred to the States to which a majority of their members belonged. Of this latter class of troops t\\v. State adjutant-general says in his amuial report of 18(58, page 18: Owing to tbe refusal of the (iovei-mnent to accept all the. men who offered their services in the loyal States at the l)eginning of the war, large numbers of perstnis came to Mis.souri to enlist, and in some instances nearly wholes regiments were mustered into service, and denominated Missouri regiments, while their mendxn-s were, a large majority of them, residents of other States. As a result, upon tbe ai>))lication, either of the governors of their States or of the organizations them- selves, the following regiments were transferred toother States, and lost their bi.s- tory as .Missouri troops: The Ninth ^Missouri Infantry was madetlie Fifty-ninth Illi- nois Infantry; tbe Thirteenlb Missouri Infantry was inadi" Ibe Twenty-second Ohio Infantry; the Fourteenth Missouri Infantry oi- "Western Sharpshooters" was made the Sixty-sixth Illinois Infantry, and Schwartz's Battery transferred to Second Illinois Artillery. ■ Continuing, the adjutant-general says in the .same rc])ort, page IS: These are all the transfers of organizations tbat have been made to other States, although in some of the present regiments of Missouri volunteers a majority of the 12S MISSOURI TKOOI'S UNION. men liavf coinc Iroiii otiu'r Slatt's tluin Missouri, Ixit in lU'iirly ;ill suili, tlic iiiiiul)i'r from till- (ritTcrciit Slates has hoeii so e.iually divided tliat tliey liave pri't'erred to retain tlieir orisiinal d"siu;iiati()u, ratli.'i- tlian loso th.-ir history as .Missouri resjci- ments. Tiiey ir.ivi' felt, and still feel, a pride in beinj? called Missourians, for tliey can Hay with truth that ii i .][! '<■ .I;iuiiiU\v L, 1S()2, Ity roiisoii of (he reoii^iiMizatioii of the State o-overiunenl and the coopefation oi' its ollicials with thi> Ihiited States luilitarv author- ities, thi> machinery I'of the oi'oanization of Missouri troops for the vohintcer ser\ic(> and the appoiiitineiit of their ollicers, had been ])la<-('d ill the hands of the Slat(> e\e('iiti\'e, where, under the hnv, it properh' l)eloMepaftment to raise, as a part of the State's (juota, four regiments of infaiiti'V to serve three years, I'nder this call, as staled l»y tlu> adjutant ^cnc'ral of the State (Annual Report of lSti;i. p. Is), se\(Mi reoinients of infatilry atid three rciiinuMits of cav- alry were rais(>d, and an additional reoinient of ca\alry was oriijinized under spiH'ial authority of the Wat- Depai'tment, FoUowine- the call (if the ['resident of October 17, LSti;}, for ;50(),000 voliniteers to till the raidrvice, all autliority here- tofore •j;iveu to recruit in Missouri for re,u;iments l)eloui>ing to other State.s is hereby revoUed. X- ***** * r.v command of Major-( !enerai Scliolield: (). D. (iUKKNK, Asxintaii' Aiijiilinit- Gt'iieral. An order was also issued l»\ the oc)\H>rnor of the State as follows: Adjut.vnt-Gknuuai.'s Okkick, No. L'S. ) St. Loaitt, Octoher £7, 1S6S. ■X- x- -x- * * * * 111. .\s Missomi must furnish its i|uota of troops undi'r the I'residiMit's late call for .UK), 000 nu'u, it is impoi'tant that all recrnitiuij; within the limits of the State .should Iti- I'oulined to Missouri regiments only; and, to this end, ret-ruiting for regi- nu>nts of other States is .sVc/c/Zy/ /orlnddcii, and all persons engaged in such un /*('/•<■/(// intnird tlmt inii/ recruits icliicli lluii iinni ohtidii irill he token from tlieui (111(1 placed III MissDiirl re(/iineiilx, and tlu'y themselves will he arrested and punished for violation of this order. I'ly ord(>r of the Commander in Chief: ,l(Ui\ 1>. (Ji!AV, Adjittaiit-Ci'eiierdl. [.\nnual Ueport .Vdjutant-(ieueral of Missouri, ISli;!, p. 41. J \{ th(> l)eii"inninu' of the year 1S()4 l)ut one reeiment of Missouri volunteers, the 'Pw(dflh Cavalry, was in process of oroanization. It was fidly oruani/ed and turned over {o the l^nitetl States authorities on the -J-Mli of March. IStil. (.Vinuial Report Adjutant-tieneral of Mis- THREK years' VOLUNTKEKS. 129 souri, 1S(»4, p. 5.) On the l»tli of -Iuiu\ lst!4, in ;i Icticr of wliicli (lie followiiiu- is ii copy, the iiovcriioi' of the State was authorized to raise two rciiiinoiits of infantry: WaI{ Dui'AUTMICNT, Prdvost-M a KSI I A \A i i<:n eu a l' s ( )ffick, June !>, ISO/,. GevicKNOR OK Missoi'iu, »8V. LokIs, Mo. 8[u: On (lie recomiiK'ndatinn of Miijor-Geiu'ral Rosecnuis by indorseiuciit on a letter dated the ITtli ultimo, fidin the Hon. 11. S. IJoyd, relative to nuHiuf,' additional troop.s for tlu' protcctioM of (ho Hdiithwest part of the State, yon are hereby anthuii/.ed to raise two rej^iinents of volunteer infantry under the follo\vin<4 cduditions: First. The re;j;inients to be reeruiti'd to serve three years or durint,' the war, the reernitnient to be eondueted in the State of Missouri. Second. The rej^inients to be recruited without conditions as to place of service. Third. The lirst rejj:inient nnist be eoni|)]etely organized and mustered into the United States service before the second one is connnenced. Fom'th. The or, without conditions as to the place of their service, and on flune 10, lyt)4, the War Departnu^nt authorized the formation of regiments from the recnlisted men and such oth(M' nuMubers of the State militia as should be willing- to r(>enlist for luiconditioniil service. This iiuthority was granted in a letter of which the following isaco})y: \\'ai{ Dici'Airr.MKNT, AD.nn'A.vi-CiKNKUAi.'s Okkkk, Jane 10, ISC/,. Maj. Gen. W. S. Roskckans, Co)iiinaiuUn(/ Depaiiiiicnt of the Miswurl, St. Loids, Mo. Genkkal: In answer to your indorsement of the 1st instant relative to veterans and reenlistments in and from the Missouri State Militia, the same having l)een sub- mitted to the War Department by his excellency the governor of Missouri, I am directed by the Secretary of War to comnumicate the following: I. You are authorized to collect i\\v. veteran vohmleers reenlisted from the regi- ments of the Missouri State Militia and foiin them into a regiment, or in case the nund)er reenlisted is not suHicient to form a regiment, into a battalion. II. If there are other men in the regiments of Missouri State Militia, who desire to reenlist f(n' unconditional volunteer .service, they may do so, and will be received under the following conditions: 1. The number in each regiment will be ascertained, dischai'ged, and reenlistt'(t Thii-teeiitli C'avalry, was oro-aiiized, and another reoinient, the Fourteenth Cavalry, was par- tially completed. Of this hitter reoiment the adiiitant-oeneral of the State says in his annual report of 18(55, pa^es 4,5: The Fourteenth Cavalry, under the supervision of the dei)artuient commander, was in process of organization at the date of the last report l)y the transfer of such veterans of the Missouri State :Militia as had not been assigned to the Thirteenth Cavalry. There not being a sntlicient number- of these veterans to complete the regi^nent, authority was obtained to till it up by volunteering under the laws governing the general i-eirniting service. Nine companies were [had ])een] nmstered in at the time of the suspension of enlistments, April lo, 18(55. The Fourteenth Cavalry was the last regiment raised in the State of Missouri for three years' service. ITnder date of January 30, 1865, authority wtis oi\cn by the War Department to raise six reo-iments, com])()sed of men enlisted for one, two, or three years, as the recruits mioht elect (Animal Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1805, p. 6), ])iit the suspension of hos- tilities soon followed and recruiting ceased, the recruits procured under the tiuthority of January 30 being formed into one regiment, the Fifty-tirst Missouri Infiintry. In this chapter noatteni])! has been made to show th(> etlorts put forth ])y the State authorities to secure recruits for the old regiments in the field to till the ((uotas of the State under the various ('alls of the President, the contemporaneous action of the State oilicials in the organiztition of regiments for short periods of servi(;e, or the action of the United States officials in the drafting of recruits under tlie enrollment acts. The object has been to show in a general way the history of the organization of the three years' regiments of Missouri volunteers in service durinu' the civil war. That thev rendered gal- 182 MISSOURI TK(»<»PS UNION. laiit sorviro in dofcnso of the Union i.s abundiintly shown by the official records. As to the status of these troops in <»-eneral, no comment is necessary be3'^ond the mere statement of the fact that they Avere in the military service of the United States and tliat the surviving- members of the force, and the heirs of those deceased, are entitled to all of the benefits accruing- from such service. It is true that uiidei' the administration of Major-Cfeneral Fremont some organi/aiiotis not authorized by law were rectMved into the mili- tary service of the United States, but tlu^ unauthorized organizations were promptly dis))and(Hl or converted into organizations ha\ ing a legal basis, or were, as in the case of the engineer troops, pioneers, and sappers and miners, subsequently legalized by act of Congress. This act, approved July 17, 1802, is as follows: AN ACT todoliiio the ]>i\\ anil I'inoliiiiieiits of I'ci-tain otlici'r.s of the Army, mid for ollu'f |inr|>osos. ******* Sec. 20. And be it. further enacted, That the different rejiinients and iiKU'iii'iident companies heretofore mustered into the service of the United States as volunteer enjxineers, pioneers, or sappers and miners, under the calls of the President oi' Secre- tary of War, or by authority of the counnandiufj; jieneral of any military dejjartment of the United States, or which, having been nuistered into the service as infantry, sliall have been reorganized and employed as entjineers, jiioneers, or sap]iers and miners, shall be, and the same are hereby, reco^niz(>d and accepted as volunteer engineers, ofi the same footini;;, in all respeets, in regard to their organization, i)ay, and emoluments, as the Cori)S of Engineers of the Regular Army of the United States, and they shall be ])aid f()r their services, already perfornied, as is now pro- vided by law for the payment of oilicers and noncounnissioned otticers and privates of the Engineer Corps of the Regular Army. Ajiproved, July 17, 18(52. [12 Stat. L., pp. r)i)4-5i)7.] As regards the oflicers appointed by (ieneral Fremont to the organi- zations formed by him and thos(> nuistered into servic(^ without a])])()int- ments or conuuissions, they were tinally connnissiont'd ))y the governor ,of the State; and with regard to tii(> nunc pro tunc action of the gov- enu)r in giving or attem])ting to give them rtmk from dates prior to the issue of tiieir commissions, it is necessary onl}' to remark that the remuster act of February 21, 1897, authorizes recognition and pay- ment for service rendered with duly authorized commands from the dates of rank given in commissions issued by competent authority. The status of the genei-al aiui staff oflicers and pei'sons appointed b}' (Jeneral Fremont to otlices which had no legal existence need not l)e hei-e considered. Of the Three Years' Volunteers, 15 regiments, 10 battalions, and 2 independent companies of cavalry, 1 regiment of engineers. 2 regi- ments and () batteries of artiller}^ 41 regiments and 1 battalion of infantry, 1 companies of pioneers, sappers and miners, and a companj'' designated a ''Telegraph Corps" were partially or completely organ- ized. Some of these were disbanded after a short period of service ])ecause of their illegal organization or ])ecause of an unlawful limita- tion in their contracts of servici^; sonu^ were consolidat(>d to foi-m com- plete organizations, and others were transferred to the States from which a majority of their members were recruited. As finally reor- ganized an(l held to service as Missouri volunteers the force iiududed 18 regiments of cavalry, 2 regiments of artillery, 1 regiment of engi- neers, and 28 regiments of infantr}'. These do not include the United States Reserve Corps reginuMits organized for three years' service, which are treated under their ai)proi)riate title. SIX OR TWELVE MONTHS' VOLUNTEERS. Under date of August 6, IJSOL, Hon. John S. Phelps and lion. P'rank P. Blair, jr., members of the House of Representatives from the State of Missouri, addressed to the President a letter, in which they recom- mended the organization of a volunteer force to serve for six months, "to be employed in preservino- peace and quiet" in the State of Mis- souri, to repel threatencnl invasion, "to remove the scat of war from among the people of that State to the southward, to invade Arkansas, and to keep the Indians west of that State under subjection." Fol- lowing is a copy of the joint letter of Messrs. Phelps and Blair on this subject: The Pkksident. Sir: An invasion of tlie State of Missouri by troo])s under tiie eoinmand of Gen- eral McCulloch iias taken phme. Other invasions of tliat State are threatened by troops from the States of Arkansas and Tennessee. We recommend you n^ceive into the service of the ruited States' from the State of Missouri tr()o])S to serve for six mouths, to l)e employed in preservin<,' peace and quiet in that State, and to rejiel the threatened izivasion, and to remove the seat of war from among the people of that State to the southward, to invade Arkansas, and to keep the Indians west of that State under subjection. If this suggestion shall be ado])ted I recoumieud 5,000 stand of improved arms in addition to those already sent to ^Hssouri he forthwith sent, with a proper supply of clothing, camp and tent equipage, ammunition, and means with which to obtain commissary and other (|uartermaster supplies, and also medical supplies, etc. Arms for cavalry and equipmezits should also he furnished for a battalion or regi- ment of mounted men, to he raised in southwest Missouri, in addition to the arms before mentioned. Arms will he needcsd when Arkansas shall he invaded to arm men of that State who are Union men and willing to enter the military service of the United States. The munitions of war we have mentione\(\ Ml". riud|).>< \v:is iuitliori/.ed by tlu^ Actino- Scrretarv oi Will' to ofoani/c live rcoimcnts of iid'imtrv iind one rcoiinciitof ciiviilry, ft) s(M'\ (' six moiitiis Of sucli loiio'or pcM'iod, not cxciMHlinu- the duration of the wai'. as the men niio'ht elect. This authofity Wiis ^Tsmted in a h'tter of which the t'oHowino- is a eojjy: \V\i; Dki'aktmkn I', Aiii/iisl S, ISlU. Hon. .liuiN S, I'nin.i's, Spriiif/Jii/d, Mo. Siu: r>y direction of tiu' I'ri'sidi'nt of the I'nitcd States, I am autiiori/ed to ai'cejjt from von live regiments of iid'anlry and one rejiiment of cavalry for six months, or such lon^iM' period, not ( xci'cdin;:: tiie duration of the war, as the respective regi- ments may be enlisted for — the several re;;!».] On Aiio'lisl ;>, liStil.Mr. IMudps acUh-esscnl iMaj()i--(ieneral Ffemont, eoiuinaiidino- (he Western l)epaftnient, on th(> suhj(>et of his pi-ojeetas l'oih)\vs: \V AsniNtrroN CiTV, Ain/iixl 9, 1S61. Maj. (ien. .Ioun C Fr^.^ont, St. Loitis, Mo. (iKNKK'Ai,: I made represi'ntation to the President that 1 was desirous to raise in southwest Mi.ssonri live reiiiments of infantry and one rej;iment of cavalry to serve in Missouri, in .\ikansas, and tlu' hulian country west of .\rkansas, with the distinct understaudiuu; that tlu-se troops should be so stationed that ()n lirst Monday of November all who wert> (pialilied to vote miji'ht vote in State eU'ction for State otii- ci'rs and on (luestion of ratifvini;' the acts of the convention. 1 desire to or>ianize these tro(H)s as a brijji'de umler our State law and shall serve with them. I wish to command the.si' troops. They will compt>se a j>art of your army and I desire your cordial approval of this movi'ment. • I couM not perceivi' that this arransiXMuent could in the least embarrass, bnt on the contrary would aid you. The 1 lome ( luards, as you are aware, have not a leual organi- zation. Not an olFicer of those guaitls is commissiiau'd. Inderour State law 1 pro- l)ose the oilici'rs of these troops shall lu' conuuissiout'd. Inclosed you have a copy of tin- letter of .\ctiug Secri-tary of War to me. 1 have a prospei't of obiaining souu' I'aitield rilles, but may be disappointi'il. 1 am waiting foi' arms, and if 1 do not get them before 1 leave fear I will not get them. I wish to obtain the best arms 1 can, as the men who I expect will enter tlie serviceare accustomed to thi> use of tireainis and in a short timt' can be made good soldiers. Yours, respectfully, ,IiUlN S. I'UKI.l'S. I sliall come to St. Louis as soon as 1 can, consistt-nt with the object I have in view. If (ieneral Lyon can maintain his position at S[>ringlield I can raise the troops in a short time, luit if lu' shall be compelled to retire and the country shall be oecu- ]>ied by the enemy. 1 shall Ih" dt-layed in the raising of troops. SrX OK TVVKLVK MONTHs' VOLU NT KKKS. 135 Will you r(_M|iicst < iovcriKir ( iaiiiWIo to aid me in IIiIh iiiatlcr? I vvi'oU' hiiii j'chUt- day. J have no doui)t lie will aid inc. Will send liiiii a copy of li'tlci- of Secretary of War to ine. l*iii;i,i's. [12(J.S. V. S., IKSl.] No rurlluM* (•()iT('s))<)ti(l(Mi('e relative, to the |)n)})<)se(l ore-jiiii/alioii of ji luilitarv iovcv by Mr. I*liel|)s lias Ixmmi i'ouiul of feeord, l)iil it appears that he succeeded in ofoaiii/iiio- one i"eoim(>iit or hatlalion of ei«>'ht coiiipaiiies, of which he was coimiiissioiied coh)nel hy the troNcrnor of tiio State. Tiiis reoiment, known as IMielps's Reoiment, Missouri Volunteers, wjis oroanized at lloUa, iMo., (hii'iii}^- th(! fall of l(St)J,and was mustei-od into tlio service of the United States for the period of six months. It was actively enj>1io-(Ml aoainst the enemy, ])artici])at- ino- in the battle of Pea Rid.oe, AiU. This reoiment lias been chissed as a ca\'alrv reoiment by (he adjutant- general of Missoui"i. but there is nothino- in (he rolls or other recoi'ds of the I'eoinient to show that it was mounted. Durino- the sunuuer of 1S»)4, while the invasion of the State of Mis- souri by the (oid'ederate (l(!n(>ral Price was impending, and iji pre})- aration for the defiitisc of the State against the ex})ected invasion, it was found expedient to organize volunteer i-egiments for service during the pei'iod of twelve months, or to acc(;pt them for six months' service if they coidd not be procured for the longei* term. It appeal's that the (piestion of the organization of a number of six months' regiments was discussed at a personal iiit(!rvievv between the Seci'ctary of ^\'ar and the govei'iior of Missouri in rJime, IStM (Annual Ke])()rt Adju(ant-( JeiKM'al of Missouri, lS»i4, j). 7), but for some reason the desired authority was not then gi-anted. Later, however, oiirliily 18, 18(!1, the (conditions of the Stat(^, had become so thrtiatiMiing that Major-General Kosecrans, commanding the Department of the Mis- souri, telegra])h(Kl the Secretary of War suggesting that if additional troops could not othcn'wise l)e procured, authority be given for the organization of a for(;e of Missouri volunteers for the defense of the State. Following is a copy of his telegram: St. Louis, ,/»/// /.v, /so/,. Hon. E. M. Stanton: I regret to say matters in north MisKouri are very disturbed and threatening. Union men are fleeing from the river counties and (central i)art of tlie State. Tlie malcontent spirits, and uprising of hushwluK^kers, with threats from the conspira- tors, are ominous of evil. The ro})lK!ry of four towns, and the hanging of nine Union men in oiu; of them, compelled me to take the First Iowa Cavalry Veterans, on their way down to Memj)his, to give tem[)orary relief ovcu- there. Informing you of these things, 1 suggest that wc; will Ik; obliged to hav(i some (itlier tnjops here, ami if noth- ing better can be done, the state of things would be best met from our own resources, by authority from me to accept the services of, say, r),()()0 voluntc;ers for the defi'iisc; of the State, in comiianit'S, to be armed, equipped, and paid by the (iovtu-nment. W, S. Kosecrans, Mnjur-dciicriil. [Odicial ivccords of the I'nion and ( !onlederate Armies, Series 1, Vol. Xld; I'art II, p. 2:54.] To this t(degram the Secretary of War replied: WASniN(iTON, D. C, ./"/,'/ IS, ISli//. Major-General Uoskckans: Your telegram of this date has been received and Hu])mitted to the ('resident for his directions, which will be communicated to you iimnediately n|)on tiieir being given by him. Im)win M. Stanton, Secretary of W<(r. [Ibid., i>. L':;.-).] 136 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. On July 22, ISO-t, (xoiionil Rosecrans ao-ain invited the attention of the Secretary of War to the pressing need of troops in Missouri. He said: Headquartkks, Si. Louh, Mo., Juhj 22, 1864. Hon. KnwiN ]M. Stanton, Secretary of Wixr: What I feared and telegraphed you about has come to ])ass. We are havino; a very i^erious rising in north Missouri, and have grave reason to think a powerful cooperative raid may i-ome from Arkans-as. The following rebel otticers are north of the river: (TeneraUackman, Colonels Thornton, Perkins, White, and Percy. They are rejiorted at Plattsburg and Kingston with 2,000 men yesterday. We had only eight com]>anies of Missouri State Militia cavalry north of the river when the move- ment liegan. I have sent two fractions of I'egiments of veterans up by the North INIissouri Railroad. You nuist bear in mind tliat tlie stores, depots, arsenal, etc., of this jilace arc now mainly guarded by raw militia called out for thirty days. It will be sutlii-icntly o))vious how thi.s stands as a matter of military jirudence. I think I have csta])lished some credit for prudence and foresight, and in my judgment I ought to have some troops from abroad to guard this depot and the i)rit!ons, and authority to call out and arm volunteers for some definite period in consonance with law and policy to meet exigencies which mav arise. * * * * ' * * * W. S. RosKCKANs, Ma'jor-General. [Ibid., p. 332.] And on the foliowino- day, July 23, IStU, General Rosecrans was authorized to ""call out and arm for service," for such ]ieriod as in his opinion the exio-ency niioht re(|uire, "such force of volunteers'"' in his department as mii>ht W deemed necessary for "" its security and for the protection of the depots, prisons, and public property therein.'' This authority was given in a letter of which the following is an extract: ■ Washington, D. C, Jnhj 23, 1864. Major-Cieneral Roskckans: The Secretary of War directs me to inform you that you are authorized to call out and arm for service, for such period as in your opinion tlie exigency may require, such force of volunteers in your department as may be deemed necessary for its security and for the protectiiin of the depots, prisons, and public property therein, reporting to the Adjutant-General a copy of such call, and making upon the proper bureaus requisitions for arms and supplies. * * * The Secretary further direct me to say that there are not any troops at the disposal of the Department that can be sent you from al)roatl, and that if there were any they would be sent. He directs that you communicate to ^lajor-Cieneral Canl)y, commanding the division to which your dejiartment ])elongs, the military condition and necessity of your department, in order that he nuiy render you any aid and supply any force that may be in his jiower. E. D. TowNSENn, jUnstdut A (Jjutaut- General. [Ibid., p. 358.] Upon the receipt of thi>. authority, and after a conference with the governor of the State (Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 18t)4, p. 11), General Rosecrans issued a general order calling for '* nine regiments of six and twelve months' vohmteers," the regiments to be recruited for twelve months' service if they could l>e promptly raised for that period: otherwise to be accepted for six months. Fol- lowing is a co])y of the order: General Orders, \ Headqcakters Department of the Missoiri, No. 134. I St. Louis, Mo., Jvh/ 28, 1864. Mis.^ourian.^: I. Rebel officers and soldiers front Price's army have been sent or permitted to come among you to recruit, rob, plunder, and nmrder, as best they can, in violation of the laws of war and of humanity. Spread over the country, with robliers and desperadoes from home and al>road, they carry spoliation, terror, and death intodis- SIX OR TWELVE MONTHs' VOLUNTEERS. 187 tricts wliere peare and (\u\v\ sliouM iviun uiulistmlicil, and tln\v a(lm necessary. Under this authority he calls on "the gallant and loyal jjcople of Missouri for nine regiments of six and twelve montlis' ivlnvteerx, to l)e oi'ganized and mustered into the United States service at tlu' following designated points: Two regiments at Renton Barracks, St. Louis, Mo. One regiment at St. Jose])h, .Mo. One regiment at Macon, ^L). One regiment at Hannibal, Mo. One regiment at RoUa, INlo. One regiment at Pilot Knob, Mo. One regiment at Sedalia, Mo. One regiment at Springfield, Mo. In all cases these regiments will be recruited for twelve months' service when thej' can be promptly raised for that period; otherwise they will be accepted for six months. IL Organizations of volunteers by comjianies, or half companies, whether from the militia oi- elsewhere, rejHirting to theilistrict commander, will be at once accepted, subject to the LTnited States Mustering Regulations, and on his ajiproval nuistered into the service of the United States by tlie officers assigned for that i)ur])ose. The otiicers will be commissioned by the governor, on the reconunendation of the Ihiited States district commander, with the apitroval of the general connnanding the depart- ment. III. Field officers of regiments and battalions, on like reconunendation anda])proval, will be commissioned and mustered in, so soon as their connnands have the legal numbers. I V. The assistant commissaries of musters of districts are assigned to duty as nmstering-in officers for this organization, and will make their reports in that con- nection r/rrw/ to Col. E. B. Alexander, United States Army, superintendent volunteer recruiting service for the State. V. Volunteers or militia now in service under the recent emergencies have the thanks of the commanding general for their ])rompt and patriotic response to the call of the country in which they have jieriled life, serving at their own expense; and are informed that as far as practicable they will be nuistered in to cover the period of their actual service as citizens. \l. The commaniling general calls attention to the great importance to all con- cerned of selecting for officers none but capable, brave, loyal, honest, sober, and industrious and law-aliiding men. He hopes that every word of this may be fully weighed, assuring them that in his experience most of the demoralization, suffering, and inefficiency which it has been his lot everywhere to see lias arisen from not tak- ing due.precaution in the selection of officers. Let soldiers beware especially of good, easy fel/o)i's, who have not the indeiiendeiice and energy of character to command. Misery, demoralization, and favoritism will be their lot under all sucli conmianders. VIl". United States district commanders will give strict attention to this, aiding in the selection, and recommending none without satisfactory evidence of fitness for command. VIII. The organization of these troops will Vie under the direction of the adjutant- general of the State, and correspondence, rolls, and recommendations for commissions, approved by the United States district commanders, as has been directed, will be addressed to Brig. Gen. John B. (iray, adjutant-general, St. Louis, INIo. IX. District commanders will make the necessary recjuisitions for arms,_ clothing, camp and garrison ecpiipage and subsistence, and supjily these volunteers in accord- ance with general onlers and Army Regulations. The commanding general confidently expects a i)rom])t and cordial response to 138 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNION. this call, and invokes tlie efforts of the entire loyal people, nnitin» with their gov- ernor and the (U'partnient commander to have these troops ready for service in a very few days. By command of I\Iajor-( Jeneral Kosecrans: O. D. Greene, Ax.^lst(in( Adjutant-fi'rurral. It will he observed from the term.s of thi.s order that the officers of the new regiments were to be commissioned by the governor of the State, upon the recommendation of United States district command- ers, with tlie approval of the commandino- general of the Department of the Missouri. On August 1, 1S()4. General Kosecrans advised the War Depart- ment tiiat he had culled for nine regiments of twelve months' volun- teers, and would pi'obably call for three more if they could be raised. Following is a copy of his telegram of that date: St. Lons, Mo., Aiu/iisf 1, 1S64. Col. K. 1>. TowNsENO, Aiisixtdiit AdjiildiU-deiu'rctl: I have already called for nine regiments of twelve months' volunteer infantry, and will jirobably call for three more if they can be rai.sed. With these we shall be able to organize the Missouri State Militia now in service and enf(jrce the draft. \V. S. Kosecrans, Major- General. [Ibid., p. 504.] On th(> 0th of August a general order was issiunl from State head- ([uarters concerning the details of organization and announcing the designations of the regiments to be formed. This order reads as follows: General Orders, ^ Headquarters State op Missouri, > Ad.iutant-General's Office, No. ;^0. j St. Loni% August 9, 1864. I. Inasmuch as many incjuiries are daily l)eing made regarding the details of the organization of the regiments which are proposed to be raised in this State, under General Orders, No. L'!4, current series, headtjuarters Department of the Missouri, the following announcement is made for the information of all concerned: .^ First. The above-named regiments will be organized and mustered into service as infantry regiments, and ujjon the authorized infantry basis. No cavalry regiments are permitted to be raised, and no authorization to raise regiments, or parts of regi- ments, for that arm of the service, I'an, therefore, be made. This restriction will not, however, prevent the general conuiianding the dejiartment from mounting such portion of the force as he may deem necessary for scouting i)ur])oses, etc.; and as the pay and emoluments of the cavalry and the infantry soldier are made alike by the late act of Congress, no objecttion to enlistments in this respect can be oftered. Second. Regiments or companies will be accepted for either six or twelve months from date of muster. The latter term is, however, to l)e preferred, inasmuch as each person so enlisting will be credited to the quota of his locality upon the api)roacliing draft, and will receive from the United States a l)ounty of $100 for such enlistment, in addition to any local bounty that maybe offered. On the other hand, six-mouths' men receive no bounty; can not be credited to the quotas of their j'espect- ive localities, although they will be individually exempt from draft while tiiey are in the United States .service, if such exemption is duly claimed.. Third. The following regimental organizations have been decided upon, together with their couunanding otiicers and places of rendezvous; and their recruitment and formation will l)e governed by existing orders and regulations controlling the United States recruiting service: The Thirty-ninth Regiment Missoui'i Volunteers, Col. E. A. Kutzner, to rendez- vouz at Hannibal, 'S\o. The Fortieth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. Samuel A. Holmes, to rendez- vous at St. Ixniis, Mo. The Forty-first Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. J. Weydemeyer, to rendezvous at St. Louis, Mo. The Forty-second Regiment ]\Iissouii Volunteers, Col. R. J. Fberman. to rendez- vous at Macon C>ty, Mo. SIX OK TWELVE MONTHs' VOLUNTEERS. 139 The Forty-third Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. Chester Harding, jr., to ren- dezvous at St. Joseph, Mo. The Forty-fourth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. R. C. Bradshaw, t(j rendez- vous at St. Joseph, Mo. The Forty-fifth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. T. A. Switzler, to rendezvous at VVan-ensburg, ]Mo. The Forty-sixth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. S. 11. Boyd, to rendezvous at Springfield, Mo. The Forty-seventh Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. T. C. Fletcher, to rendez- vous at Pilot Knob, Mo. The Forty-eighth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. W. II. Blodgett, to rendez- vous at Rolla, Mo. The Forty-ninth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. D. P. Dyer, to rendezvous at Warrenton, Mo. By order of the Commander in Chief: John B. Gray, Adjvtunt-Genenil. [Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1864, p. 12.] The people of the State responded promptly, and the nine regiments called for, besides the Fiftieth Reo-inient, which was also authorized, were speedily organized and placed in the field, participatino- in the defense of the State against invasion, and some of them were subse- quently sent to distant fields of service outside of the State of Missouri. Four of the regiments (the Fortieth, Forty-first, Forty-third, and Forty-ninth) were mustered into service for twelve months, six (the Thirty-ninth, Forty-second, Forty-fourth, Fort3^-fifth, Forty-eighth, and Fiftieth regiments) were mustered in for different periods of service, six and twelve months, and two (the Fort^-sixth and Forty- seventh regiments) were accepted for the period of six months. As the terms of service of the six-months' men approached comple- tion the adjutant-general of the State applied to the War Department for authority for their reenlistment for another term of six months, dating from their original enlistments, thus entitling the men to the Government bounty and giving the State credit for their services as twelve months' men, no credit l)eing allowed on the quota of the State for six months' enlistments. Following- is a copy of the letter of the adjutant-general on this subject: HEADfitJARTERS StATE OF MISSOURI, Adjutant-General's Office, St. Louis, January 17, 1SG5. Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of TlV/r. Sir: Applications are being made to this office to allow the men who enlisted for six months under General Orders, No. 134, from headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated July 28, 1864, to reenlist for six months and be considered twelve months' men, dating from their first enlistment, allowing them bounty and giving the State credit for them as twelve months' men. The term of service of the six months' men organized under the above order will expire during the next three months. They did good service in this State during the recent invasion by (General Price. Four of the regiments are now in the army of General Thomas in Tennessee. I respectfully ask that an order be made permitting them to reenlist for six months longer, giving them bounty and crediting the State with them from the date of their first enlistment. 1 am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Samuel P. Simpson, Adjutant- General. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. IV, p. 1058.] It was evidently a matter of considerable interest to the State that this request should be granted, in view of the impending draft under the President's call of December 19, 1864, for 3(J(),()00 men, but the 140 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. request was not favoral)ly considered ])y the War Department, as evidenced ))v the following from the Provost-Marshal-General: Washington, D. C, January 37, 1865. Adjctant-Oiexeral of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo.: It is not deemed expedient to authorize the six months' men to reenlist for six months longer, as requested in your letter of January 17. James B. Fry, Provost- Manhal- General. [Ibid., p. 1086.] It will be seen from the foregoing that, including Phelps's regiment, organized in 1S61, eleven regiments of six or twelve months' volunteers were organized in the State of Missouri during the civil war. Their status was that of volunteers in the military service of the United States. ONE, TWO, OR THREE YEARS' VOLUNTEERS. On December 19, 1864, the President issued a proelaniation calling" for 3»>0,0U0 volunteers to serve foi- one, two, or three years, the quota of the State of Missouri ])einodied in a letter to Major-General Dodge, oomniandino- the Department of the ^Missouri, of which the following is a copy: Executive Department, City of Jejf'erson, Januari/ 11, 1S65. Maj. Gen. G. M. Dodge. General: Another draft is coming; our State will be depopulated unless something is done to prevent it. Since the enrollment thousands of men are gone into rebel army, and as many more left the State. The loyal men, who have braved every- thing to stay in INlissouri, will all be drafted, and all i>eaceful avocation be completely abandoned. Can not something be done to save us? I propose to raise six regiments of cavalry. United States Volunteers, for service in the State during time tr(.)ops may be necessary here. The ten regiments, Missouri State 'Militia, are going out of service; will all be out by April next. If the Departnient will jiermit us at once to organize the six regiments, we can get volunteers to till them, provided we have permission to recruit out of any ^lissouri regiment whitse term of servii-e expires within, say, nine months. Let the term of service of the new regiments be two or three veai-s. ONE, TWO. OR THKKK YKAKs' VOLUNTKKKS. 143 1 am confident of l)ein'r able to raise the refiiincnts if usual bounties are allowed. If vou concur in this proposition, will von indDrsc and forward it to Secretary of War? Very respectfully, ynur obcdienl siTvant, Tiios. C. Fi,i:tciii:i!. Will send vou copy of miiitarv !>ili in a dav or twn; have adojiti'd your sug>;estions. [M. 209, V. S., lS(>r>.] This letter was indorsed t)v (Tonenil Dodo-c us follows: IIlCADlH'Alvl'EUS DkI'AUTMKNT OK TME INIl.SSOrKI, St. Louis, JiDiiiarii 14, 1S63. Respectfully forwarded to the War Di'partnient. 1 am satisfied that the successful way to ol)tain the quota of this Stati' is to allow (iovcrnor Fletcher to raise new regi- ments. We can hold the ^lissouri State ISIilitia, or a jireat portion of it, if this is done. We will haye to obtain troops to replaci' the Missouri State Militia; their time expiies about the time we may expect trouble in the State. 1 am doing all I can to have them reenlist, but it is an uphill business, as they are placed on a differ- ent footing as to bounties from other troops. 1 urgently request that the War Depart- ment take some action in this matter. G. M. Dodge, Mdjor-d'encraJ, Coinmandiiuj. The authority reciiiested by the ooveruor was denied in a t(deo'ram from the War l)e])artnient, dated January iii, 18(ir), in which, how- over, the o-overnor Avas advisi^l that if he desired to raise new regi- ments of volunt(H>r infantry for general service, without conditions as to enlistments from the Missouri State jNlilitia. the necessary authority would l)e given. Following is a copy of the Wnv Department telegram: War Department, Provost-Marshal-Geuerarx Office, Janum-y 24, 1865. Governor of INIissouri, Jefferson City, Mo.: Your letter of 11th instant to General Dodge proposing to raise six regiments of volunteer cavalry has ])een forwarded to this Department. Authority for additional cavalry can not be granted, as new regiments of that arm are not needed, but if you desire to raise new regiments of volunteer infantry for general service, and without conditions as to recruitment from the Missouri State Militia, jilease inform me, and authority, say for six new regiments, will be promptly sent you. James B. Fry, rrot'ost-MarsJial-Ge)ieraL [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. IV, p. 1075.] Following the proposition of flanuary 11, the adjutant-general of the State, under date of January 17, 18()5, re(iuested authority to reenlist the six months' men whose terms of service were ex])iring for ail additional term of six months, dating from th(Mr original enlist- ments, thus securing to the State credits for twelve months' service. This ])roposition. which, with the reply of the Way Department, is quoted in full in the preceding chapter, was also declined. On the 29th of January, 1865, a new proposal was mad(\ This was that regiments be organized for twelve months' service in the State of Missouri, the proportions of infantry and cavalry to be determined by the commanding general of the Department of the Missouri. This new proposition was embodied in a letter (or [)ossibly a telegram) to the Secretary of War, of which the following is a copy: Executive Dei'art.ment, Jefferson City, Mo., January 29, 1S65. Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War, Uniled States. Sir: I have the honor to submit that the condition of INIissouri justifies me in making and the United States in accepting the following proposition: That I will 144 MISfiOURI TROOPS UNION. call out and orjjanize for twelve inouthH' service in the State of Missouri the number of men embrai'cd in the quota of the State, under the recent call of the President, in such proportions of infantry and cavalry as the commanding general of this department may direct, tiiey to Ije accepted in satisfaction of the quota of the State. 1 am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Tnos. C. Fletcher, Governor of Missouri [Ibid., Series I, Vol. XLVIII, Part I, p. 678.] On the same date another communication embodyino- the same propo- sition in another form was addressed to the Secretary of War, as follows: Executive Deiwktmext, Jeffcrtion City, Mo., Janudrn ,i9, 1865. Hon. E. ^I. Stan'ton, Secrdwi/ of War. Sir: I propose to raise a force equal in number to the quota of the State under call of December 19, 1SG4 (18,984 men), for, say, one year for service in the State, while troops are necessary in this department, in such proj)ortion of infantry and cavalry as the major-general commanding may direct, such force to be credited to our quota under said call. Very res{)ectfully, your obedient servant, Thomas C. Fletcher, Governor of Missouri. [Ibid., Series III, Vol. IV, p. 1090.] The letter last quoted was inclosed in one to the commanding- gen- eral, Department of the Missouri, of which the following is a copy: Executive Mansion, Jefferson City, Mo. , January 30, 1865. jNIaj. Gen. G. M. DonoE, . Commamliny Ikpnrhnfnt of the ^[i.%^ouri. General: I have the honor herewith to inclose a proposition to Secretary of War for organizing a force of say 14,000 men, for service in Missouri for twelve months, in such proportion of infantry and cavalry as you may direct, to be credited the State on quota under call of December 19, 18(34. You are aware of our condition, and appreciate the hardships of a draft for 13,984 men out of a population worn down with militia duty as ours. The injustice of reciuir- ing us to furnish men to the United States service while we are compelled to keep so large a number of our people constantly in service as militia, is so ajiimrent that it needs only to l)e understood to be acknowledged. Your department has Ijeen well- nigh stripped of effective force, the new regiments raised for service in the State are all gone, the Missouri State ^lilitia is rapidly being mustered out; it is necessary now to keep in active service a large number of men organiz'ed under General Orders, No. 107, as well as other Enrolled Missouri ^lilitia, for none of which do we get any credits. We will be compelled to keep, say, 14,000 militia in active service, and if we furnish 14,000 on our (juota under recent call, the effect is to make us furnish double the number we should be rec|uired to furnish, and the people of the State prevented from cultivating their farms. I know you fully understand the condition of the State and the justice of what I have asked of the War Dejiartment. Will you please indorse and forward accompanying letter? I have forwarded copy to delega- tion in Congress. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Thomas C. Fletcher, Governor of Mi.'pt:ince of the AVar l)i>partnuMit plan was as follows: IlEADtilARTKUS STATIC OF MlSSOlKI, Al),IUTANT-(iKNKKAI;'s OkKICK, following is a copy: ^VAK Department, FuovosT-INlAusnAi.-GENEUAiAs Oeeice, Jitniuinj SO, 1865. GovEKNOK of MissouKi, Si. Louin, Mi>.: You are authorized by the Secretary of War to raise six regiments of volunteer infantry under the eall of December 19, 18()4. Tlie jieriod of service will l)e for one, two, or three years, as the recruits may elect. The saitl troops should Ih' mustered into service by February 15 next, in order that they may be crediti'd on the (luota of the State under the call before tiie draft i-onnnences. Inconn)lete regiments whicli fail to organize within a reasonable time will be con- solidated, so as to form and be mustered in with complete regimental organization. The recruitment, organization, and nnisters nnist conform to existing regulations. The regiments will \iv for general service whci-ever re(iuired. In raising them no enlistments from the INli.ssouri State IMilitia or other troops already in the service of the United States will be sanctioned. James B. Fry, Provoi p(>riod of twelvemonths. Hostilities having ceased, this regiment rendered no active ser\ice, but was employed u])on guard and escort duty in St. Louis until its mus- ter out of service, August 31, 1865. It is evident from the meager results of this last effort to organize volunteer regiments in Missouri that in that State, as well as ih other States of the L^^nion, the eagerness manifested in the early days of the war to enter the military service of the United States had, in the (dos- ing months of hostilities, become materially relaxed, a condition doubt- less duo to four years' experience of the dangers and hardships of war. S. Doc. 412 10 A HOME GUARDS, ISGl. On May 31, IStil, Brig-. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, United States Volun- teers, relieved Brig-adier-Generel Harne}^ of the conniiand of the Department of the West, and on the 11th of June he was authorized by the War Department to enlist in the service of the United States such loval citizens of the State of Missouri as he might think proper, to be armed ])y the United States, l)ut not to be paid except when called into active service by the War Department. This authority was granted in a letter of which the folloAving is an extract: War Department, Wushhujton, June 11, 1861. General Lyon: You are authorized to enlist in the service of the United States such loj'al citizens of the State of Missouri as you think proper, who shall not receive pay except when called into active service by this Department. Five thousand additional stand of arms have been ordered to be forwarded to you for distribution among them. ******* Simon Cameron, Si'crctari/ of ]Var. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, j). 384.] The letter quoted above is the authority for the organization of the Missouri Home Guards of 1861. The records relative to their organ- ization and service, and even with regard to the authority granted to individuals for the formation of companies and regiments, and the specitic conditions of service, are very meager. It appears, however, that some such organizations had an existence even before General Lyon was authorized to make enlistments for local service; that such organizations were subsequently recognized and armed by General Lyon and his successor, Major-General Fremont; that ))v these officers, and their subordinate commanders, numerous individuals were author- ized to enroll companies and regiments of Home Guards, and that such guards rendered valuable service to the Government. Some of them were organized and armed for the purpose of protecting their own homes and neighl)orho()ds, not receiving or expecting to receive com- pensation therefor, while others were enrolled for more active service, for which they were assured they would have a valid claim for pa3^ Concerning these irregular organizations. General Chester Harding, jr., adjutant-general of the State of Missouri, said in an official report, dated January 1, 1862: A DJ utant-General' s Office, St. Louis, Jauuari/l, 1862. His Excellency Governor II. R. Gamrle: ******* In June, 1861, the Government of the United States sent to the arsenal for dis- tribution among the loyal inhabitants of ^lissouri 10,000 stand of arms and sets of accouterments. These were placed in the hands of the so-called Home Guards in 146 HOME GUARDS, 18()1. 147 different parts of the State. No accurate account can be jjiven of tlu- Home Guards. Tp the jjreat majority of them tliese arms and accouterments were yiven for the purpose of enaUHuy; them to ]>rotect their own Iiomes and neij^hborhoods. They ex]>ected neither pay nor subsistence from the (iovernment, and made no reports to its autliorities. Tliey have been of ^rreat service to the State and to the Union cause, and have exliibited nmcli iiaUantry when brouglit in contact witli the enemy. Besides those armed by the United States, there were i)robably enoufih more in the Home (luard orj);ainzation who furnished their own arms to make tlie whole nund^er in the State upward of b^,000. There was a class of Home liuards, however, which should properly be considered a part of our volunteer force. Tliese troops were raised under the foUowinji: circumstances: For a long time Missouri was not per- nutted to i)lace in the field all men who desired to serve as volunteers for the war. Until late in the sunmiei' the State was limitt'd as to the number of regiments that would be accepteattalion 400 St. ( -harles I'.attalioii 300 Jefferson City Battalion 200 Hannibal iiattalion 304 Total 2, 209 These troops, although they were necessarily stationed where they were most exposed to the malarious fevers of the country during the sunnner and fall without adecjuate supplies, and although in faithfully i)erforming an important duty they have been more than decimated by diseases, are yet unrecognized and unpaid by the Government. ******* I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Chester H.\rding, Jh., Ailjiitant-dciifral. [Ibid., Series III, Vol. I, pp. 794-796.] The author of the report from which the above quotation i.s made wa.s well (iiuiliticd to speak with reference to the Missouri Home Guards of 1801, having- been himself an assistant adjutant-oenei'al on the statf.of General Lyoji and fidly conversant with tlie whoh^ subject. The question of the pa3'ment of the Home Guards was early brought to the attention oi Major-General Fremont, and in a letter from his assistant adjutant-g-eneral, dated September 7, 1861, it was stated: The general commanding does not intend to make any decision in the case, it never having been his intention to order the pavment of the Home Guards. [Book No. 8, Western Department, pp. 498, 499.] A few days later, on September 12, 1861, another correspondent was advised: General Fremont has decided not to order the Home Guards to be mustered at all, either for pay or out of service, as they were never mustered in. They are to seek relief through Congress, as it was understood between them and General Lyon that thev expected nothing but arms and subsistence. [ibid, p. 509.] On October 25, 1861, the Adjutant-CTcneral of the Army addressed the Paymaster-General, cautioning- him against the payment of Home 148 MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION. Guards and other ti-oops or^-anized in the vicinity of St. Louis "for duty only in limited localities or upon certain c-ontingencies." His letter is as follows: Ad.utant-Gexeral's Office, Washington, October 25, 1861. Paymaster-General, ]\'(i.slniiellatioiis, are being mustered into the service of the United States for (hity only in Hmited locahties or upon certain contingencies, you are hereby cautioned that such organizations are entirely without authority, anil no ])ayments made to them will be sanctioned by the Government. I am, sir, verj' respectfulh', your obedient servant, L. Thomas, Adjnfnnt-Gcnend. [Letters Sent, A. G. O., Vol. 33, p. 468.] It is probable that this letter was intended to apply especialh^ to the Keserve Corps regiments which were at the time in process of organi- zation at St. Louis. On November 9, 1861* Major-General Halleck was assigned to the command of the newly created Department of the Missouri. In his instructions from Major-General McClellan, commanding the Army of th^ United States, he was required to examine into the legality of the organization of the troops serving in the department, and when he found any illegal, unusual, or improper organization, to give to the officers and men an opportunity to enter the legal militar}' establish- ment under the general laws and the orders of the War Department. (Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, V^ol. III. p. 5t38.) On December 2, 1861, General Halleck was addressed by the War Department as follows: Ad.ictant-Gexeral's Office, ]V(ishington, December 2, 1861. Commanding Officer of the Department of Missouri. Sir: The Secretary of War directs that such of the Home Guards or Eeserve Corps of INIissouri as have done active service in Missouri away from their homes be paid for the period thus served in the same manner as other volunteer regiments of their respective arms. You will take such further action in regard to these troops as the interest of the service may demand. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. I, p. 709.] This letter was based upon correspondence of which the following is a copy : Washington, November 16, 1861. Gen. L. Thomas, Adjutant-General United States Army. Sir: I have been requested to state, for the information of the Department, the facts relative to the Reserve Corps and Home Guards in the State of Missouri. I was assistant adjutant-general upon the staff of General Lyon at the time of the formation of these corps, and am acquainted with the whole subject. General Lyon authorized parties residing in different parts of the State to organize as Home Guards for their own protection and the preservation of peace in their respective neighborhoods. These were armed by the United States upon proof of their organization being fur- nished. They were also supplied with amnumition, but were not to receive rations, clothing, or pay. General Lyon also authorized Col. J. W. Owens, Maj. William C. Inks, Captain Nagcl, and Captain Cook to raise conmiands corresponding with their titles, for three numths' term, for the purjxKse of guarding the railroail lines, with the assurance that services which they might render the Government woidd con- stitute a valid claim for pay, and that he would use his influence and authority to have this claim recognized. Maj. Josiah Hunt was authorized to raise a battalioii HOME GUARDS, 18(11. 149 upon the same footing as had been the basis of the St. Louis United States Reserve Corps, viz, that actual service was to be paid for. p]ach of the officers above named raised their respective command. They were armed, equipped, and furnished with camp and garrison equipage as fast as possible. Clothing was not to be had for troops in the field, and of course the Home Gnards got none. They were all ordered upon duty. Colonel Owens's regiment guarrled the Pacific Railroad on the South- west Branch and on a portion of the main line. Major Inks' s battalion guarded the line from Franklin to St. Louis; Captain Nagel's company (from Carondelet) guarded the Iron Mountain Railroad from St. Louis to and including the Meramec bridge; Captain Cook's company (from De Soto) guarded another important portion of the same line. Major Hunt was at Hannibal protecting the raih-oad property there and for some distance west. I omitted to mention Col. (then ]Maj.) E. Pealjody's Reserve Corps at St. Joseph. It was organized upon ^;imilar authority to that given to Major Hunt. From the time of the enrollment of Colonel Owens's, Major Inks's, Captains Nagel's and Cook's commands to the expiration of their three months, and longer, these troops were on constant active duty and duty of the most disagreeable nature. To give an instance: Captain JNIaupin, of Owens's regiment, with a fine company of about ninety men, was ordered to guard the second crossing of the ileramec River, on the Southwest Branch. When he was relieved he had but twenty men fit for duty. The rest were disat)led by fever and ague and other dis- eases incident to that service. That Colonel Peabody's and Major Hunt's commands performed arduous duty also I know, but can not state how much, as they were placed under the immediate control of the commanding officer on the line of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, and did not report to General Lyon. The United States Reserve Corps of St. Louis (five full regiments) have been paid for term of their enlistment, and the others, in my opinion, are justly entitled to their pay. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Chester Harding, Jr., Colonel Tenth Mkwurl VolanteerH. [First indorsement.] Adjutant-General's Office, November 19, 1861. Respectfully referred to the Secretary of War, with the recommendation that such of the Home Guards or Reserve Corps of Missouri as have done active service be paid in the same manner as other volunteer regiments. L. Thomas, Adjutant- General. [Second indorsement.] War Department, November 35, ISHl. Approved, as recommended. Thomas A. Scott, Acting Secretary of War. [Ibid., pp. 651, 652.] With a view to the reorganization of the forces of his department in accordance with in.structions, General Halleck issued General Oi'ders, No. 14, of 1861: General Orders, \ Headcjuarters Department of the Missouri, No. 14. J St. Louis, December 4, 1861. With a view to the systematic organization of the forces of this department, all commanders of regiments, batteries, troops, and companies, raised under authoriza- tions from any source whatever, now in the service of the United States in this depart- ment, will forward certified copies of their "muster-in rolls," including those of the field and staff, as well as those of companies, to these headquarters. The rolls will be accompanied by a letter of advice, stating the i:)resent station of the force, giving the town and county, also whether the officers are commissioned, and by whom. These rolls wdll be forwarded through the commanders of districts, divisions, bri- gades, or posts, who will see that it is done as promptly as possible. Where there are corps or detachments which have not been mustered, but have been in service, the commanding officer will make affidavit before an officer authorized to administer oaths, that the rolls are correct, and that the men and officers on the rolls thus authenticated have been in service for the period set opposite their respective names, which affidavit will be forwarded with the rolls. The o))ject of this order being to have commissions furnished to those officers who are without them, and the troops mustered, so that they can be paid and supplied 150 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. with clothing and sul)sistence, in accordance with law and regulations, the interests of the service as well as those of men and officers prompt the utmost diligence in comiilying with this order. They will be addresseil to the assistant adjutant-general at these headcpxarters, marked on the envelojie "Muster-in rolls." By order of Major-General Halleck: J. C. Keltox, Amstant Adjutant- General. Oil Decemher 0, 18(51, the War Department letter of October 25, 1861. quoted in this paper, havino' been broug-ht to his notice, the commanding general issued the following: General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, No. 21. / St. Louis, December 9, 1861. 1. The following letter having been brought to the notice of the Major-General commanding this department, is published for the information of all concerned, viz: " Adjutant-General's Office, " Washington, October 25, 1861. "The Paymaster-General, Washington, D. C: "Sir: Information having been received that bodies of troops are being formed in and about St. Louis, Mo., which, under the name of Home Guards, Reserve Corps, and other appellations, are being mustered into the service of the United States for duty only in limited localities, or upon certain contingencies, you are hereby cautioned that such organizations are entirely without authority, and that no payments made to them will be sanctioned by the Government. "I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, " L. Thomas, Adjutant-General." Officers appointed from these headquarters to muster troops are authorized to muster or reinuster into the service of the United States all such bodies of troops, for three years or during the war, unless sooner discharged, as directed l^y the act of Congress on the subject, provided their plan of organization conforms to the orders of the War Department, including in the muster or remuster so made the period during which the bodies of troops above referred to have been in actual service. ******* By order of Major-General Halleck: J. C. Kelton, Assistant Adjutant- General. Reporting to the Adjutant-General of the Army, under date of December 18, 1861, General Halleck said: Headquarters Department of the Missouri, St. Louis, December 13, 1861. Brig. Gen. L. Thomas, Adjutant-General of tlie Arnvj, Washington Citij: ******* The "Home (nuirds" are not a regular organization ; some have been mustered in with the reservation of serving onl}' in this State, while others, although long in service, have never been mustered at all. I have offered them the option to l)e nmstered in according to law, so as to cover their past services, or to be mustered out and receive pay only for "active service in Missouri avag from their homes," in ac- cordance with your instructions of the 2d instant. ISIost of them will probably pre- fer the latter alternative. If they do, it will ])e very difficult to ascertain the length of their service "away from home." ******* [1257, Missouri Department, 1861.] The offer referred to above, giving the Home Guards the option of being regularly mustered into service or mustered out with pay for services rendered away from their homes, was published in General Orders, No. 25, of December 11, 18t;i: General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, No. 25. / St. Louis, December 14, 1861. ******* III. Home Guards and other irregular organizations mustered in with an unau- thorized limitation as to place of service, or in service without having been mustered HOMK GUARDS, 18(51. 151 in, will lie allowed the option to be now reirulivrly niustered in for three 3'ears, or dnrinir the war, acvordinu' to law and rey;ulatious, to cover the full time of back service, so tluit they can be regularly i>aid ami furnished with supplies, or to be mus- tered out of service, and receive pay only for the period they "have done active service in Missouri away from their homes." ******* By order of INIajor-General llalleck: J. C. Kelton, Ai^slstant AdJKtai)t-General. On Deccinbor 18, isOi, (xtMionil llulleck iiiforniod a correspondent that no more Home Guards would be org-anized to be paid and sup- ported by the United States (Letters sent. Department of the Missouri, VoL XVI, p. 116), and on the following- day. in a letter addressed to Major-General McClellan, conunandino- the Army, he stated that the Home Guards were ))eino- dis])aiKled as rapidly as he could supply their places. Within a few days all of the organizations of the Missouri Home Guards formed by atithority of Generals Lyon and Fremont, and their subordinate commanders, had ceased to exist. To quote the report of the Hawkins Taylor Conuuission, subsequently appointed, "these organizations were kej)t up from one to six months, and in a few cases for a longer period;" all had now been disbanded, either by orders from the connnanding general or through their own independent action. As stated in the annual report of the adjutant-general of the State for the year 18(13 (p}). 15, 16): The various organizations of Home Guanls throughout tlie State had either been disbanded by orders from competent autliority, or else, linding that there was no prospect, either innnediate or remote, of ol)taining any jiay from the General Gov- ernment, had relieved fliemselvci^ from duti/, for the ])urj)ose of })roviding for their families, in such localities as were nominally witlun the lines of loyal troops and where the danger appeared to be not too inuninent. The italics used above are in the original, but lUMther th(\v nor the language of the report should he construed as a r(>tlection upon the patriotic citizens to whoiu the report refers, as these citizcMis had not been formally mustered into the service of the State or of the United States and were luider no legal obligations of service. The organizations in existence when General Halleck assumed com- mand of the department had not accepted his oli'er to ))e "regularly mustered" into the United States service, and on February 21, 1862, a general order was issued from department headquarters directing that "all arms and accout(M"ments issued to ^Missouri Home Guards by order of the late Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon," ])e turned over to the United States authorities. It does not appear that the members of the Home Guard organizations were paid, either during the period of their service or at the dates of the disbandment of the organizations to which the}' belonged, the pay promised them for the time they were in active service away from their homes. In a letter from General Halleck, heretofore quoted in this paper, it was said of the Home Guards then in service that it would be '"very difficult to ascertain the length of their service 'away from home.'" and in a letter dated flanuary 18. 1862, GeiuM-al Halleck said of the organizations disbanded l)efore he took conunand: HEAIHiUAKTEKS DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI, St. Louis, Mo., Jatinary 18, 1862. Brig. Gen. L. Thomas, Adjutant-General of the Army, WasJiliu/lon. General: Several liodies of men wlio were organized under (ieneral Lyon and General Fremont, and have done service in the field, were disbanded before I took 152 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. the foinmand. It appears that the\^ were promised pay, but they can not l>e paid under the Secretary's order to nie in rehvtion to Home Guards, because they can not be brouirlit together for mustering in and out. It has been proposed that such troops be permitted to be mustered into tlie State militia to inchide the time they actually served away from their homes (the proper atlidavits, etc., being required on the muster rolls, as in the case of Home Guards), and to be paid the same as State troojis. The governor thinks this measure would greatly ini-rease nmstering in the militia. I reconunend the measure for the action of the War Department. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. H.VLLECK, Major-Genoxd. [M. 77, Y. S., 1862.] To this letter the Adjutiiiit-Geiienil replied as follows: Ad.iutant-Genkkal's Office, ]VashiiKjto)i, Febmunj 8, 1862. Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, Commanding Department of the Missouri, St. Loitis, Mo. General: In reply to your communication of January 18, I am instructed to say that if the men organized under Generals Lyon and Fremont and disbanded before you took conunand of the department, can not again be collected to be mustered in and out, you will take such measures as you may deem best calculated to niuster them indivitUially, if necessary. It is not cousideretl advisable to cover the time already served by them by antedat- ing their enlistments in the State service. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. [Letters sent, Adjutant-General's Office (V. S.), Vol. I, p. 418.] The difficulties in the waj'^ of the payment of the Missotiri Home Guards do not appear to have been easily overcome, as considerable legislation and the appointment of connnissioners were found to be a necessary prerequisite. The lirst legislation on the subject is found in an act approved March 25, 1862, of which the following is a copy: AN ACT to secure to the officers and men actually employed in the Western Department, or Depart- ment of Missouri, their pay, bounty, and pension. Be it eiHtdcd b>/ the Senate and Ifoxse of Bepresentatires of t}ie United States of America in Vo)Hjress ast^etnUed, That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereliy, authorized and required to allow and }>ay to the officers, nonconunissioned officers, musicians, and ]irivates who have been heretofore actually employed in the military service of the I'nited States, whether nnistered into actual service or not, where their services were accepted and actually emjtloyed l)y the generals who have been in conunand of the Deinirtment of tlie West, or the Department of the ^Missouri, the pay and bounty as in cases of regular enlistment. Sec. 2. And tie it furtlier enacted. That the officers, noncommissioned officers, musi- cians, and ))rivates so employed, who may have been wounded or incapacitated for service, shall be entitled to and receive the pension allowed for such disaltility: Pro- vided, That the length and character of their enlistment and service l)e such as to entitle them under existing laws to such pension. Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the heirs of those killed in Vuittle, or of those who may have dieil from wounds received while so in service, shall be entitled to receive the liounty and pay to which they would have been entitled liad they been regularly mustered into service: Prorided, That the bounty and pay referred to in this act shall not l)e jntyable unless their term of enlistment and service V)e of such duration as to entitle them to receive the same, according to existing laws. Approved, 3Iarch 25, 1862. [12 Stat. L., p. 374.] By an act approved May 1-t. 181)2. an appropriation was made to carry into eti'ect the previous legislation. This act was as follows: AN ACT to provide for the dotieiency in the nppronriation for the pay of the two and three years' volunteers and the otticers and men ai'tually employed in the Western Department. * * -X- * * * w Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That there be, and hereby is, appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of one hundred homt: guards, isgi. 153 thousand dollars, or so much thereof as ma\' be necessary, to carry into effect the act approved ^Nlarch twenty-tifth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, to secure pay, ])i)unty, and pensions to othcers and men actually employed in the Western Department or Department of Missouri. Approved, May 14, 1862. [12 Stat. L., p. 385.] Subseqaently, b}^ a resolution approved July 12, 1862, it was enacted that all pa^nnents under the act of March 25, 1862, be sits- pended and that a commission be appointed to examine the claims arising under the provisions of that act. Following- is a cop}' of the resolution: A RESOLUTION to suspend all payments under the act approved 25tli of March, 18(i'2, entitled "An act to secure to the officers and nien actually employed in the Western Department or I)ci)artment of Missouri their pay, bounty, and pension," and for other purposes. Resolved by the Senate and House of Eepresentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to suspend all paymeirts under the act approved 25th March, 1862, enti- tled "An act to secure to the officers and men actualh' employed in the Western Department or Department of Missouri their pay, bounty, and pension;" and that there shall be appointed by the President, immediately after the passage of this reso- lution, by and witli the advice and i-onsent of the Senate, three commissioners to examine all claims arising under the provisions of that act, and report the same, with the facts connected therewith, to- the Secretary of War; said commissioners to have such compensation for their services as the Secretary of War may consider just and reasonable:. Provided, That said conunissioners shall be required to examine and report within sixty days after the passage of this resolution upon all such claims as may be presented by persons claiming to have been organized or employed in the State of Missouri, and to have performed service according to the provisions of the said recited act, whereupon payments shall be made as recommended by said com- missioners and as required by said act: And provided further. That within ninety days from the passage of this resolution the said commissioners shall examine and report upon all other claims arising under the act aforesaid, when payments shall be made as herein prescribed. Approved, July 12, 1862. [12 Stat. L., p. 623.] For some reason not discovered the commissioners provided for by the resolution of July 12, 1862, were not innnediateh" appointed and the pro\ isions of that resolution were accordingly revived l)v a joint resolution approved February 16, 1863, as follows: JOINT RESOLUTION to revive "An act to secure to the officers and men actually em])lc>ye(l in the Western Department or Department of Missouri their pay, bounty, and pension, and for other i)ur- poses." Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatires of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That the provisions of a joint resolution entitled "A resolution, to suspend all payments under the act approved the 25th of ^Nlarch, 1862, entitled 'An act to secure to the officers and men actual!}' employed in the Western Depart- ment or Department of Missouri their pay, bounty, and pension, and for other pur- poses,'" approved July 12, 1862, be, and they are hereby, revived, and the commis- sioners therein provided for shall be allowed six months from the passage of this resolution within which to make their report. Ajiproved, February 16, 1863. [12 Stat. L., p. 82-l!] Messrs. Hawkins Taylor, Charles T. Sherman, and Francis T. Rus- sell were appointed commissioners under the provisions of the revived resolution, and their appointment was announced in a general order from the War Department of which the following i,s a copy: General Orders, \ War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, No. 64. J Washington, March 16, 1863. Hawkins Tajdor, esq., of ; Charles T. Sherman, esq., of Ohio, and Francis T. Russell, esq., of Missouri, are appointed by the President commissioners under the 154 MISSOUKT TROOPS UNION. joint ivsolution of July 12. 1802, revived, to examine claims of otKcers and men iU'tually employed in the Western Department, or Department of -Missouri. James H. Moss, esq., is ap[)ointed .soUeitor for the Conuuission. V'Y order of the Secretary of War: L. Thomas, Ailjn(a)}t-Gt)ural. I'lio commissioMOvs pioiuiitly (Mitored upon the dutios for which they had l)oen upi)()inted. (^stahli.shino- thoir hoad(|uart(M's at St. Louis, Mo. Soon after assiMiihlino- a fin-iilar was issued, (luotino- tiie acts of Con- j^-ress under which the C\nnmi.>artment, or Department of Missouri, the foUowiui: suLTiiestions are made and forms recommended in regard to presenting tes- timony in support of claims, viz: It is desiral>le that a short and comprehensive statement should accompany the papers of each claimant, whether an individual claim or conqtauy claim, showing the date, locality, authority, and inunediate causes for the organization or services, the county or counties in which the services were rendered, the nature and extent of such services, and the date and place when discharged, and such other facts and cir- cumstances that may thnnv light upon his or their claim or claims. Company rolls should in all cases, when olitainable, be tiled as the evidence of claim, and when so tiled they must be malace of the certificate must be made and be on the same sheet of paper or form on which the roll is made out, ami may be in the following form, viz: State of Missouri, Count ij of : A B makes oath, and says: I am the identical individual who was of Com- pany — , called into the military service of the I'nited States, in the Department of Missouri, by order of ; that this roll exhibits the true state of the company for the ]H'riod herein mentioned; that the remarks set opposite each officer's and si>ldier"s name are accurate and true, and that the recapitulation exhibits the true state of the company, and that I have no knowledge of any member of said company having received jniy. or anything in lieu thereof, either from the State or General Government for services rendered, except as stated in sjiid roll. A B. The individual claimant's application may be made out as follows, viz: State of Missocki, County of : A B makes oath, and says: I am the identical jHMson who was a in Com- pany [A], conuuaudcd by t'aptain (if a regiment, here insert the number of the regiment and the name of colonel), in the military service of the United States in the Department of ^lissouri: that I rendered service in said company from the day of , 18t>-, to the day of , 18(>-, making continuously days; that I have received for said service dollars and cents, and that the amount due me yet for said service is dollai-s and cents, for which I have received no equivalent, or anything in lieu thereof, and that I have accounted for all public propertv that has come into mv hands or under mv control. A B. All atfidavits to be sworn to before a notary public, clerk or judge of court having a seal, or justice of the peace whose official i-haracter is properly attested. When the claims of single individuals are presented, they should be accompanied by the .^Jjime evidence of the authoritv for such service as is required in cases of presentation of claims by company rolls, as explained above, and must be verified in the sjime way. The certificate of the officer administering the oath to claimants must certify to the identity of the claimant as the individual who rendered the service when the facts are personally known to him. and when he has no pei-sonal knowledge of the identity of the claimant that fact must be proven by other testimony. HOME GUARDS, 18(>1. 155 Whilst (onlVinnity to tlie above rules, as nearly as may be, is ri'tranled as iinportant to the proteetioii of the (lovernment, yet in extreme or excejjtional eases the eoni- niissioners will not hesitate to allow bona tide elaims established to their satisfaction. In all eases deemed proper by the eommissioners oi'al testimony will be reqnired. The Commission is now in session in tiie circnit eonrt room of the eourt-honse, in St. Lonis, and claimants are notitied to present their elaims, with proofs, as early as may be. Hawkins Tayi.ok, Charlks T. Shkhmax, Francis T. Risseli,, Conuiiixxio)!. J A Mies II. IMOSS, ■ Solicitor for the Co)iimix>>ioneri^. James Fletcher, Secrrfan/. [7412, V. 8., 1871.] In a later edition of the '' Tnstnictions/' the followiiio- Avas sul)sti- tutecl for the hist two parao-ra])hs ({noted abo\e: Evidence of present loyalty of all claimants will be reqnired. Proof of actnal service must be matle, at least in part, by persons other than ofiieers and members of retjiments and companies havinu' a connnon interest therein. Evidence in writing, l)y anthenticated allidavits and certilicates, is desired, bnt in all cases deemed pr(»per the Connnission will require oral testimony, and, if neces- sary, furnish subjxxnias for witnesses and allow mileage and per diem attendance. The Commission is now in continuous session in the circuit court room of the conrt- house in 8t. Louis, and claimants are notitied to present their claims with jiroofs as early as may be. The time of the Connnission is limited to the Kith of August next, and many claims may be excluded for want of time. A delegate from the Connnission will attend at Des Moines City, Iowa, from and after June 8, and at Leavenworth City, Kans., Jidy 6, and St. Jose]ih, ^lo., July — , for the convenieni'e of claimants in those sections for a few days only; but an acting quorum will remain contimiallv in St. Louis. [Ibid.] On May 1^. 18()8, the coniniis.sioners addressed to the Seeretary of War a letter in which they reported proor(\ss. and reqnested in.struc- tions relative to their jurisdiction of certain claims. Following is an extract of the letter: St. Louis, Mo., .¥«»/ i;?, 1S6S. Hon. E. M. Stanton, Senrtdrn of liar. Sir: The Commission to examine claims for services in the Western de]>artment, under the act of Congress of INlarch 2^^, 1882, have the honor to report that since the date of their last letter it has been establishing rules of evidence and n'ceiving and examining claims. The number of claims Iteforo us is about 9,000, with a large number yet to come in. Various disputed questions have arisen and been decided. The one of the most frequent occurrence is whether claims of otllcers for services rendered between the time of appointment and time of being mustered in the regular three years' volun- teer service ai'e within the jurisdiction of the Commission. A majority of us, and not without doubts, are im-lined to hold tliat the Commission have no right to exam- ine and allow for services rendered in the three years' volunteer service, but must confine themselves to inquiry of the services rendered by the Home Guards or irreg- ular troojis. We would respectfully ask for instructions on that subject. * * * * ■ * * * Respectfully, yours, FLvwkixs Taylor, CiiAs. T. Sherman, F. T. Russell, Commisi^ioners. _ P. S. — The solicitor for the Government, James H. Moss, decides that the Commis- sion has jurisdiction over claims ]iresentc-d by the regular tiiree years' volunteers for services rendered prior to the time of their being mustered into the regular three years' service. I concur with Mr. Moss in the o])inion he gives. F. T. Russell. [Ibid.] 156 MISSOURI TEOOPS inSTION. The question submitted by the commissioners was referred to the Solicitor of the War Department, whose views were concurred in by the Secretary- of War and conmumicated to the Connnission for its information and o-uidance. These views were expressed in a letter of which the followiiiii' is a cop}": War Department, WasJiington CH)i, June 4, 1863. Hon. Kdwin ^I. Stantox, Sccretarij of War. Sir: The letter of Hawkins Taylor, chairman of the Committee on Claims, as organized under General Oi'ders, Xo. 62 [64], having been referred to me, I have the honor to say: That it was enacted l)y the statute of :\hirch 25, 1862. chapter 49, section 1, that the Secretary of War be, and he is hereljy, authorized and required to allow and pay to the officers, noncommissioned officers, nmsicians, and privates who have been heretofore (uinalh/ muploiu'd in the military service of the United States, whether nmstered into actual service or not, where "their services were arcepied and actually eniplot/cd by the (jeucrah trjto have been in command of the Dejiartment of the West or the Department of the Missouri, the pay and bounty as in cases of regular enlistment. Section 2 provides for the payment of pensions in I'crtain cases. Section 8 provides that in certain cases the bounty shall be paid to the heirs of those who have been killed. By the act of July 12, 1862, payments under the former act were suspended, and commissioners were appointed to exanune and report upon all claims arising under that ai't. within periods of time therein stated. By the act of February 16, 1863, the time for making report of these claims was extended to six months from that date. The design of the act of ^Nlarch 25, 1862, was to place volunteers in Missouri, who had at some period enlisted in the service of the United States, upon the same footing as to pay, pensions, and bounty as though they had been regularly nmstered into the servii-e at the time when they actually entered the service and were actually accepted as United States soldiers by the military commander of the dejiartment' to which they belonged, thereby placing the volunteers of Missouri upon an equal footing with the volunteers of other States. Hence, by the true construction of tlie act, no claims can be allowed for volunteers who were not actually in the service of the United States. Xo claims can be allowed for volunteers, whether in the service of the United States or not, unless their services were accepted and actually employed by the gen- erals u-ho liad connnand of the departments. The payment for services is to be commensurate with those services; to begin when the services began and to end when the services ended. X"o services can be allowed for by the connnissioners for any period prior to the acceptance and actual employment of these volunteers by the aforesaid connnanders of de]iartments. Thus no claims can be allowed for recruiting officerM who were not at the time when so employed in recruiting actually in the employ and service of said commanders of departments. All ])ay of officers or men, and all expenses of getting up the regiment in the State servii'e, such as recruiting, rations, transportation, etc., may be just claims against the State of Missouri, l)ut they are not in the class of claims' of whi-h this board has cognizance. The duty of the commissioners is to treat the claims of the volunteers in the same way as though they had for the first time been nmstered into the service of the United States at the date when their services were actually accepted and employed by the conunauder of the dejiartment to which they lielonged. Of claims for serv- ii-es prior to that date they have no jurisdiction. This board has no jurisdiction over claims for service of troops who have been reg- ularly organized and nmstered into the service in the usual way under the laws of the United States by comjtetent authority. Such claims are to be jiresented to the proper dej>artments at Washington. I have the honor to be, sir, your obeilient servant, William Whitixu, Solicitor of the War Department. [Ibid.] The tinal report of the Commission appointed under the revived joint resolution of July 1'2, l86i^ now known as the Hawkins Taylor Commission, is as follows: " " HOME GUARDS, 18()1. 157 St. Louis Court-House, St. Luuis, Mo., September —, 1863. Hon. E. M. 'Stantox, Secretary of War. Sir: The undersigned, appointed under General Orders, No. 64, to examine all claims arising under the act of Congress approved Rlarch 25, 1862, entitled "An act to secure to the officers and men actually employed in the Western Department, or Department of the Missouri, their pay, bounty, and pensions," have the honor to submit the following report: Through the courtesy of the county court a room was furnished in the court-house in the city of St. Louis, where they met, and continued their daily sessions uninter- rupted until this date. Owing to the very limited time given the Commission in which to examine and pass upon the claims arising under said act, one member of the Commission was sent to the State of Iowa to give information and collect evi- dence as regards claims arising in that State, and remained there some two weeks. At another time another meml)er was sent to the State of Kansas for the same purpose, and remained about the same length of time. At all times continuing a majority of the Commission at St. Louis for the transaction of business. Immediately after our assemblage we appointed Dr. James Fletcher, of Kansas, as principal secretary, and shortly after A. C. Cummins, of Ohio, chief clerk. Subse- quently and for different periods we employed the following persons as assistant clerks, viz: Thomas J. Sutton, Ferdinand Hess, AVilliam H. Sirmscoe, Henry Rohe, and Peter A. Feldmear, and Joseph Taylor, messenger. The services of Dr. Fletcher and Captain Cummins were very efficient and valu- able. They are entitled to our thanks for their industry and attention to the business of the Commission. We cannot speak too highly of the valuable assistance and services rendered to us and to our business by the Hon. James H. Moss, the solicitor to the Commission. His untiring industry and his intelligence and legal skill light- ened our labors and afforded much valuable aid in tlie investigation of all classes of claims before us. A regular docket of all claims was carefully kept, and public notice was given of our sessions in the leading newspapers published in St. Louis and in the States of Missouri, Iowa, and Kansas, giving notice of the sitting and organization of the Commission. The Commission also issued a circular giving the laws under ^\'hich they acted, together with instructions as to the form and manner of presenting claims, a copy of which is annexed. The number of claims filed for services of companies was 274, of which number we allowed 247. The number of individual claims was 307, of which 97 were allowed. Number of field and staff claims 31; allowed, 28. The total amount allowed for claims of serv- ices of companies is §735,256.04, and for individual claims is 122,426.68, and for field and staff, ?;42,y2U.41. Total amount allowed, $800,612.13. The amount claimed as due by the parties we can not state, as the larger portion of the companies' claims stated only the time claimed and not the amount, but we doubt not but the aggregate sum claimed by the parties would amount to over $1,500,000. No claim was allowed unless it was strictly for personal service in the military service, and all were not only required to show that they were called out or accepted by proper authority, but performed actual military service in the field as distin- guished from services in organizing, drilling, recruiting, or in camp. We required proof of actual service other than the oath of the claimant, and generalh' the serv- ices were proven by the testimony of one or more disinterested witnesses or the cer- tificate of well-known officers now in service. The services of a very great portion of the company claimants were necessarily desultory and not continuous. At the breaking out of the rebellion the State of Missouri had the misfortune to have her entire State government, and a large portion of her American-born citizens either active sympathizers with the South or neutral in the contest. In some sections of the State nearly the entire population were loyal, in others almost entirely disloyal, and in others they were divided. For months previous Governor Claiborne F. Jackson and the State authorities had been collecting powder and lead and arms, and organizing the militia of the State, under the pretense of preserving the neutrality of the State, but really with the design of taking the State out of the Union. Everything seemed to favor their plans, and they would inevitably have succeeded had it not been for the foresight, boldness, and unswerving patriotism of Gen. Nathaniel Lyon. He penetrated their designs and took prompt measures to defeat them, and unquestionably saved Missouri. He found the people of St. Louis and the State divided in opinion. While the State authorities were organizing the militia for treasonal^le purj^oses, he encouraged the formation of 158 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. Plome Guards and other irregular forces, and by a few bold and decisive measures, sucli as the taking of Camp Jackson, completely ted their ai^point- ments with the under.«tanding that they should raise the men required for tlie com- mand they sought, and, if successful, a connnission would follow; if they failed, they lost their time and expenses. Such, we understand, has been the practice in the Western States. In other cases claims liave been presented by officers for serv- "No record of this general authority has been found. HOME GUARDS, 1861. 159 ice rendered between the time of appointment and the time of Vjeinjr mustered into- the service of the United States. This class of claims were all rejected, in accordance with the practice of the State government, and agreeably to the instructions of the Solicitor of the War Department. We have been obliged, necessarily, to exercise discretion and adopt rules as regards the amounts to be allowed that are not known or recognized by Army Regulations. But in these cases we thought justice to the service and the claimant required some allowance should be made. The amount allowed is universally less than the amount named in the regulations. The cases alluded to are chiefly surgeons and chaplains. A large proportion of the companies claim that the services performed were as cavalry, each man furnishing his own horse and horse equipments, and therefore entitled to the usual pay and allowance for such service. With few exceptions we refused to allow such claims. It was in evidence before us that the service was either cavalry or infantry, as the exigencies of the time required; that forage for the horses was furnished by Government when in actual service; and in the o]nnion that it was better for the owners to use their horses in the service, and therebj' prevent them from being taken by the rebels — for this reason, mainly, we have allowed no pay for horses, only when it was proved clearly that the company was organized as cavalry, and that by special authority from the general commanding having such authority. There have been many cases presented for subsistence, transportation, and other expenses attending this service, but the law under which we were actijig, in our opinion, gave us no jurisdiction over such cases. The amounts are generally small, and in the hands of loyal men who have suffered in the cause. We would, therefore, respectfully reconnnend that this class of cases be promptly investigated and paid. It appeared upon investigation that two regiments from the State of Iowa, under the conmiand of Colonels Morledge and Edwards, and one company under Capt. W. C. Jones, were called out by proper authority, and did service in Missouri. That the legislature of Iowa made provisions for the pay- ment of the officers and men, and that part have been paid, and the balance are being paid upon presentation of their claims. Satisfactory evidence was produced of their service and that the claim was within our jurisdiction, but as the State of Iowa had partly paid them and had assumed the payment of the balance, we did not enter them upon our books, but gave the State officers a certificate of facts that will assist the State in settling the same with the War Department. No claims were presented from the State of Kansas, though we were advised that services were rendered by officers and men that would probably come within our jurisdiction. None were presented, probably because of the absence of officers in active service in the field and the distracted condition of things in that State. Among other claims presented to us were some for services rendered as "spies and scouts," employed by the different commanders of the department. The serv- ices were performed either by regularly organized conqianies, or bands, or by indi- viduals. We are satisfied that the services were performed, that they were valuable and dangerous, and should be paid; but in the absence of any rule of compensation established, either by law or custom, or of a knowledge on our part of the prices usually paid, we have inserted the names of the companies and individuals on our books, leaving the department to give the customary compensation to such persons for such services. By reference to our books the claim of Capt. J. M. Richardson's company will be found in volume 1, on page 112. That of Capt. Emory S. Foster's company will be found in volume 1, on page 96. That of Cicero A. Lewis in volume 1, page 53. That of Jenisha Page in volume 1, page 53. The paper annexed hereto, marked A,'' contains a statement of our expenditures, and are the vouchers for such payments. Herewith is $1,983.80, the Imlance of the money placed in our hands to pay the expenses of the Commission. Hawkins Taylor, Chas. T. Sherman, Francis T. Russell, Comnrissioners. I have cheerfully concurred in the findings of my associate commissioners so far as they go, as giving thus much to the early and worthy defenders of my State; but to the ])rave and ruined men of the Southwest and the Northwest, 1 deeply regret that a little more could not have been awarded. In the matter of pay for horses, too, I respectfully submit that I have steadfastly *Not here reproduced. 100 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. differed witli tlieiii. I take the ground that the law directing us to allow pay to ofKeers, noneoniiui.ssioned ofiicers, nuisiciant?, and privates, who have been hereto- foreaetually employed in the military service of tlie United States, whether mustered into actual service or not, when their services were accejjted and actually employed by the generals, etc., the same pay as in cases of regular enlistment authorized us to allow to private soldiers using their horses in a mounted service the army pay in such cases. The law in general is not limited to an infantry, eavah-y, or artillery service, but embraces all, and if mounted men were accei>ted and used should be paid for as «uch. The argument of risk to horses at home, and that they were i)ut in the Army for safety and fed by the Government, is of no force if the Government really used them. And l)esides, if it is valid, it goes too far, and would on its own principle exclude thousands of the men, too, forto my certain knowledge thousands of exposed Union men in ^Missouri could not stay at their homes and went to the service for safety, at li'ast in i)art, and were there both fed and clothed. Many poor Union men have ridden to death in this service and some of them had killed under them their only horse, and that, too, without pay per diem or a valuation. Of course we have no jurisdiction to award an allowance for the valuation of such horses. The enemy were well mounted, and against them infantry was mostly use- less, anil the horses of these men were neeiled, accepted, and hardly used by our Government, and I hold should be paid for. I also wish to call attentii)n a little specially to the matter of transportation and supplies for these Home Guards, and to add my sincere regret that these matters were clearly outside our jurisdiction. It is shown on the rolls and by other good evidence that almost every company used from two to four wagons haviling for them in their campaigns, and necessarily so, and had them of the best of Union men. Some of these teams were lost and worn out by the chances and service of war, and should be paid for accordingly by the Ciovernment. The same is true of sujiplies for these troojis, who, being delicient in ordinary army experience and of facilities for procuring them, and forced by want to have them, procured bacon. Hour, groceries, horse feed and all necessaries at large from both farmers and merchants. ]\Iany of these were violent Union men, who thus upheld our cause with their own means when it could not be bought elsewhei'e, and did it for the sake of the cause, and did it, too, to prevent injury to our cause by violent .seizures. I beg leave to be thus earnest on these points, because I myself only of the com- missioners have had opportunity for personal experience and observation in regard to them. The cases in both classes are mostly small claims, l)ut numerous and held by needy persons, and are susceptible of plain and clear proof, and I earnestly insist should be early provided for and paid. F. T. Russell, Commisdoner. Washington, September 31, 1S6S. The Commission when in St. Louis neglected to state that proof was made to them that Colonel Eppstein, of the Boonville Home Guards, advanced money and supplies to his otlicers and men, with the agreement that the money so advanced by him should be deducted from their pay and paid to Colonel Eppstein when the Government made payment. In Volume No. 2, pages 236-243, will be found his companies. There is a column in each showing the amount advanced to each otlicer and man. All these sums should be paid to Colonel P^^pstein. Hawkins Taylok, Chairman, Commission. [Ibid.] B}" an act approved January 22, 1864, an appropriation was made to provide for the deficiency in the previous appropriation for the pay- ment of the claims adjudicated ])y tlie Connnis.sion. and. amono- other thino-s, it \Yas provided that payment of the awards l)e made by pay- masters of the United States Army. Followino- is a copy of tlie act: AX ACT to provide for the deficiency in the appropriation for tlio pay of officers and men actually employed in the Western Department, or Department of Missouri. Be It exacted by the Sotate and House of Represeniatlres of the United States of A)))erica in Congress assembled, That there be, and hereby is, appropriated out of any money HOME GUARDS, 18til. 161 in the Treasury not otherwise approi)riateil the sum of seven hundred thousand six liundred and twelve dollars and thirteen cents, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to carry into effect the act approved March twenty-fifth, eighteen hun- dred and sixty-two, to secure to the otiicers and men actually emi)loyed in the Western Department, or Department of ^lissouri, their pay, bounty, and pen- sion: Provided, hoircirr, That in the i)ayment of the money hereby appropriated such payment shall be matle tlirectly to the othcers or soldiers by whom the services were rendered, or to their personal representatives, or to their agents appointed by powers of attorney; and no assignment of any sum due to any officer or soldier shall be valid; such payments to be made by paymasters of the United States Army: Provided farther, Itoivever, That any person holding a power of attorney authorizing the receipt by him of the amount to be paid to any officer or soldier may upon mak- ing and filing an affidavit to the effect that he is acting in the premises purely as agent without personal interest, and tliat he will pay over the amount received either to the soldier or (in his absence) to his wife or childen for their benefit, be entitled to receive such amount. Approved, January 22, 1864. [13 Stat. L., pp. 1, 2.] . This act was amended by a joint resolution approved June 25, 1804, as follows: JOINT RESOLUTION amendatory of "An act to provide for the deficiency in the appropriation for the pay of officers and men actnaily employed in the Western Department, or Department of Missouri." Be it resolved hi/ tite Senate (i)ui House of Representatives of the United States of America ia Congress assembled, That where any person or persons holding any power of attorney or assignment executed subsequent to August sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and prior to January twenty-second, eighteen hundred and sixty- four, for the sum adjudged due to any officer or soldier by the commissioners appointed under j' the issue of dischiiry-e certiHeutes to the representatives of deceased members of Home (xuard organizations who woidd themselves, if livino-, have been entitU>d to receive them. (K. & P., 74ot;(;.) The Missouri Home (iriuirds of ISCl ditlered from local oroaniza- tions o-enerally in that they were orotini/ed under the authority of Unitinl Stat<\s oflicials and wei'e called into actual service, if at all, thiouoh tlu' aoency of the General Government and not throuoh the action of the State otiicials. In \icw of this fact, and of the recocrni- tion oi\en them by the act of ISIarch 1^5, 18(52, it has been decided by the War Department, concurring in the opinion of the Judge- Advocate- General of the Arm}^, that the meml)ers of those organizations whose claims of service were recognized by the Hawkins Taylor Gonnnission are to be regarded by this Dcpai'tmiMit as having ])een in the militaiy service of the United States and as having formed a part of the United States militarv establishment durini»- the civil war. (K. & P., 430878.) With regard to the records of the Hawkins Taylor Conunission, a letter was addressed by this otHce to Hon. F. M. Cockrell, United States Senate, under date of Deceml)er 18, 11K)0, and was published in Senate Doc. No. 5(), Fifty-sixth Congress, second session. Folio wing- is a co})y : Rkcokd .\nd Pension Office, War Department, Wdxlihuitori City, December IS, 1900. Hon. F. M CocKKELi,, (Jiiited States Senate. Deau Sir: In reply to your letter without date, received this mornintr, in which you requt'st to he adviseil what records of the Hawkins Taylor Coinniission are on tile in the War DopartnuMit, and esju'cially whether there is record of the jjroofs presented to the Coinniission showiuii length of actual service, also whether the rolls showiiijj: the names and services gave tlates of enrollment and ex]nration of term and the jieriod of actual service less than the period between enrollment and expiration of service, I have the honor to advise you as follows: As you were advisi'd in the letter addressed to you by this office under date of December 5, 1900, n>lative to the case of .1. P. Hoj)kins — " The rei'ords of the proceedings of the Hawkins Taylor Commission, or other retained ri'cords of the Commission, arc not filed in this Department, and nothing is known at this otHce relative to their whereabouts, if they are in existence. The registers prepared by the Commission, tiled in this otHce, contain the only known record of the Commission relative to individual service." The registers of the Commission show, in the case of each man whose claim for service was adjudicated by it, the "date of organization " of the command of which he was a meml)er, and the date of his discharge, and in addition to this the period which the Commissicni "allowed as ai'tual military service rendered the United States." It was frequently the case that the jieriod allowed a man l)y tlu' Commis- sion as actual military service ri'udercd the rnited States was considerably less than the period that t'lajtsed between the date of organization of his command and the date of his discharge. For instance, in the case of William Walton, orYalton, Com- pany K, First Northeast Missouri HomeCnards, referred to in your letter, the register of the Hawkins Taylor Commission shows .June 17, 1861, as "date of organization," and October 1, ISOl, as "date of discharge," but the register also shows that the period of two months and twenty-one days was "allowed as actual military service rendered the Unitef the TiiitiMl States such loyjil citizens of the State of Missouri" as he niiiiiit think i)roi)er. who should "not receive pay except whvu caUed into active service.'' [h) Some of them had an organized existence ])rior to June 11, lcS()l, hut ail were either orij;anized or recognized by (renerals Lyon and Fremont, or their sul)ordinate commanders, if recognized at all, under the authority granted General L^'on on that date. (r) They were composed of two classes: (1) Those who were organ- ized for their own ])r()tection and the preservation of peace in their own neighborhoods, and were armed by the Tnited States l)ut were to receiv*' neither ]«iv, clothing, nor rations, and (2) those who were organized, armed, and e(|uipped for more active local st>rvice, foi' which .service it was undt>rstood they would have a valid claim for pay, {(/) With the exception of the members of some two or three organ- izations which were mustered into the L^nited States service and have been paid as United States troops, they were not formally mustered into the service of the United States. (() Those who were ''actually (Muployed in the military service of the l^nittnl States" ('"called out or acceptinl by proper authoi'ity ") have, through Congressional l(\gislation, the action of the Hawkins Taylor Uonunissioii, and the rulings of the Wiiv Department, been })laced upon the same footing as volunteers in the service of the United States with regard to pay. bounty, and pension; and they or their representatives have received, or are entitled to reeeive, certiticates of honorable discharge if there is nothing in their personal records to show a dishonoral)le termination of service. (/') Members of those organizations whose services were not recog- nized by the Hawkins Taylor Commission havt^ no legal status as volunteers or militia in the service of the United States, or, ))y virtue of their mcml)(>rship in the Home (iuard organizations, any legal status as militia in the service of the State of rilissouri. As stated in the report of the Hawkins Taylor Commission, quoted in this paper, ''the luunber of claims tiled for services of companies was 274,'' of which number 247 claims were "' allowed." The records of the Conunission tiled in the War Department show that of the organiza- tions represented in the allowances made ♦> regiments and 22 l)attal- ions, aggiegating l!t2 companies, and 4t> independent companies, making a total of 241 com})anies, were Home-Cniard organizations, the other () companies reported by the Conunission (5 companies, as shi)wn by the records, consisting of scouts, spies, and others) evidently not being of that class. The number of allowances to individual mem- bers of Home-Guard organizations was li>,lT3. The rolls of cotnpanies not represented in the allowances made by the Conunission are not known to be in existence, and even the desig- nations of such companies are unknown to the ^Var Department. CITIZEN GUARDS. Under the title of "Home Glul^d.■^, iSOl," it has been seen that soon after the beginning- of hostilities in Missouri numerous bodies of citizens Avere oi'gani/ed, ))y authoi'ity of the War I)ei)artni(Mit, for home protection and local service, atul that those on active duty weie paid for their services, through the agency of a connnission appoint(^d undci- authority of Congress. These early organizations of Home Guards were disbanded after a few months' service. Later in the progress of the war it was found expedient to form other companies of citizens for the protection of their homes and for local service in .various localities and under divers conditions. A iiiajority of these organizations, designated as "Citizen (juards." were formed for protection against the aggressions of gucu'i-iila bands. Tn some instances they were recognized as Enrolled Missouri Militia and paid l)y the State, and in a few cases they have been paid under s})ecial legislation by Congress, ))ut in a large ruunl)er of cases no provision has ever been made for their payment, either b}' the State or the United States, the service having been rendered without promise or expectation of pay. On August 25, 1803, Major-General Schofield, the commanding general of the Department of the Missouri, and also a major-general of the State of Missouri, connnanding, by authority of the governor, all of the militia of the State, issued a general order in which he invoked the active cooperation of citizens in the extermination of guerrillas and directed that, to protect themselves fi-om violence, and to aid the troops when necessary, all loyal and peacea))Ie citizens be permitted to beai- ai-ms. Following is a copy of the order: General Orders, \ IlEADtjiAH'i'ERW Department Or the Misssocri, No. 86. i St. Louis, August 35, 1863. Large immber.s of men are leavinji: the l)r()keii rel>el aniiies in the MisHissi))pi Val- ley and returning to Missouri. Many of them, doubtless, come back witii the jnir- pose of following a career of pliiuder and uuirder under the form of guerrilla warfare, while others would gladly retuin to their homes as peaceable citizens if permitted to do so and protected fmm violence. The State is in danger of a rei)etition of the scenes of violence and bloodshed which characterized the months of .July and August, 1862. The united efforts of all loyal and peaceably disposed citizens, as well as of the troops of this department, will be re(|uired to avert this evil. Jt is the desire of the commanding general that all those who voluntarily abandon the rebel cause and desirt' to return to their allegiance to the I'nited States shall be permitted to do so, under such restrictions as the i)ublic ]ieace shall re(iuire. All such })ersons niay surrender themselves and their arms at the nearest military post, and will be released upon taking the oath of allegiance and giving bond for their future good conduct. They will be recpiired to reside in such portion of Mi.ssouri or other State as the jirovost-marshal who releases them shall direct. All who shall fail to comply with these conditions, and shall remain within our lines without renewing their allegiance, will be treated as criminals according to the laws of war. Those who shall engage in robbery, murder, or other similar crimes will ])e exterminated without mercy. Humanity demands of every citizen active and earnest cooperation with the mili- tary authorities in jjutting down these common enemies of mankind. The com- 165 1(U> MISSOrKl TROOPS T^NION. luandiiiLr ireiu'ral (U'lnaiuls of every eitizen the full disehari^e of liis duty in this rejranl. Those who negleet it will he held resjioiisihle in tlieir j)ersoiis and property for the daniajie tliat may result from their negleet, and will he jiunished at the dis- cretion of a military commission. If milder means shall fail, the connnandins general will order the destruction or seizure m such citizens will be returned to them. Bv eonnnand of ]\Iajor-(ieneral Schotield: C. W. Marsh, Assistant Adintaid- General. DISTRICT OF THE BORDER. Oil tho dato of the order quoted above. Auoust '2b. 18()3. Brig-. Gen. Thomas Ewino-. coinniandino- the District of the Border, issued from his headquarters at Kansas City. Mo., a oeneral order requiring- all of the inhabitants of certain counties and districts to remove from their homes \vithin fifteen da\'s from the date of the order. This order reads as follows: GeXER.VL OrDEK.s, 1 liEAOia AKTEKS DISTRICT OF THE BoROER, No. 11. )' Kansa.< Citi/, Mo., Augnsf :.^o, 186S. I. .\11 ]iersons living in .lackson, Cass, and Rates counties, ^fo., and in that part of Vernon incUuled in this district, except tluise living within one mile of thelimitsof Independence, Hickman .Mills, Pleasant Hill, and llarrisonville, and except those in that part of Kaw Township, Jackson County, iu>rth of Brush Creek and west of the Big Blue, are hereby ordered to remove from their present places of residence within fifteen days from the date hereof. Tlmse who, within that time, establish their loy- alty to the satisfaction of the commaiuhng othcerof the military station nearest their present (daces of residence will receive fnun him certificates stating the fact of their loyalty, and the names of the witnesses by whom it can be shown. All who receive such certificates will be permitted to remove to any mihtary station in this district, or to any part of the State of Kansas, except the counties on the eastern border of the State. All others shall remove out of this district. Otiicers commauthng compa- nies and detachments serving in the ctnmties named will see that this paragraph is promptly obeyed. II. All grain and hay in the field or under shelter in the district from which the inhabitants are reijuired to remove within reach of military stations after the V*th day of September next will be taken to such stations and turned over to the [u-oper offi- cers there, and report of the amount so turneil over made to district headquarters, specifying the names of all loyal owners and the amount of such produce taken from them. AH grain and hay found in such ilistrii-t after the 9th day of Septembernext not convenient to such stations will be destroyed. By order of th'igadier-(ieneral Ewing: M. Haxxahs, AdiiKj Assistant .[(.liiifiDit-General. [Othcial Eecords of the Cnion and Confcilerate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part II, J). 478.] This order followed a few days after the l)urniiig of the town of Ltiwrence. Kans.. and the massacre of its inhabitants by guerrilla- bands from the bonier counties of Missouri. Concerning- tlu^ conditions whicli prompted its issue Ceneral Ewing wrote: Heaikjiakteks District of the Border, Kansas Citu, Mo., Auifiist 3J, 1S6S. Col. C. \V. Marsh. Assistant Adjutniif-Gcntral, Dcpartnnnt of tlw Missouri. St. Louis. Mo. Sir: Some commandeiv of detachments engaged in the pui"suit of Quantrill are still out after his scattered forces. In advance of their return I submit a report of the CITIZEN GUARDS. 1G7 raid, wliidi, in some respects», may be deficient for want of ofiioial information from them. Three or four times this summer the guerrillas have assembled to the number of several hundred within twenty or thirty miles of the Ivansas border. They have threatened, alternately, Lexington, Independence, Warrensl)urg, and Ilarrisonville, and fretiuent reports have reached me from scouts and sjiies that they meant to sack and destroy Shawnee, Olathe, Paola, IMound City, and other towns in Kansas near the eastern border. ****** * On the 2ritii instant I issued an order reiiuiring all residents of the counties of Jackson, Cass, Bates, and that jiart of Vernon included in this district, except those within one mile of the limits of the military stations and the garrisoned towns, and those north of Brush Creek and west of Big i>lue, to remove from their present places of residence within lifteen days from that date; those who prove their loyalty to be allowed to move out of the distrit^t or to any military station in it, or to any part of Kansas west of the border counties; all others to move out of the district. When the war broke out, the district to which this order ajiplies was peopled by a commu- nity three-fourths of whom were intensely disloyal. The avowed loyalists have been driven from their farms long since, and their houses and improvement.s generally destroyed. They are living in Kansas and at military stations in [Missouri, iniable to return to their homes. None remain on their farms but rebels and neutral fami- lies; and practically the condition of their tenure is that they shall feed, clothe, and shelter the guerrillas, furnish them information, and deceive or withhold information from us. The exceptions are few, perhaps twenty families in those i)arts of the counties to which the order applies. Two-thirds of those who left their families on the border and went to the rebel armies have returned. They dare not stay at home, and no matter what terms of amnesty may be granted, they can never live in the country except as brigands; and so long as their families and associates remain, they will stay until the last man is killed, to ravage every neigidxirhood of the border. With your approval, I was about adopting, before this raid, measures for the renaoval of the families of the guerrillas and of known rebels, under which two-thirds of the families affected by this order woidd have been compelled to go. That order would have been most clitHcult of execution, and not half so effectual as this. Though this measure may seem too severe, I believe it will prove not inhuman, but merciful, to the noncond)atants affected Ijy it. Those who prove their loyalty will find houses enough at the stations, and will not be allowed to suffer for want of food. Among them there are but few dissatisfied with the order, notwithstanding the present liardship it imposes. Among the I'nion refugees it is regarded as the best assurance they have ever had of a return to their homes and j^ermanent peace there. To obtain the full military advantages of this removal of the ])eople, I have ordered the destruc- tion of all grain and hay, in shed or in the field, not near enough to military stations for removal there. I have also ordered from the towns occupied a.s military stations a large number of persons, either openly or secretly disloyal, to prevent the guerrillas getting information of the townspeople which they will no longer l)e able to get of the farmers. The execution of these orders will possibly lead to a still fiercer and more active struggle, reiiuiring the best use of the additional troops the general com- manding has sent me, Itnt will soon result, though with nuich unmerited loss and suffering, in putting an end to this savage border war. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Thomas Ewino, Jr., Brigctdicr-General. [Ibid., Vol. XXir, Part I, pp. 579-585.] On the same subjoct, Major-Geneviil Schofiold. conimandinjj;' the Department of the Missouri, stated in a letter to the Adjutant-Cieneral of the Army: HKAOtJlAKTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE MlSSOl'RI, St. fjjuh, Mo., September 14, 1863. Col. E. D. ToWNSEND, As.'iii^tKut Adjutdnt-General, Wa.^liington, I). C. Colonel: I have the honor to forward herewith, for the information of the General in Chief, Brigadier-General Ewing's report of the l)virning of Lawrence, Kans., and massacre of its inhabitants, an(l of the operations of his trooi)s in the pursuit and punishment of tlie rebels and assassins who committed the atrocious deed. Immeiliately after his return from the [)ursuit of Quantrill, on the 25th of August, General Ewing issued an order depopulating certain counties, and destroying all forage and subsistence therein. The reasons which led him to adopt this severe measure are given in his report. The people of Kansas were, very naturally, intensely excited over the destruction 168 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. of one of tlu'ir fairest towns, and tlie murder of a large number of its unarmed citi- zens, and many of them called loudly for vengeance, not only upon the perpetrators of the horrible crime, but also ujion all the people residing in the western counties of INIissouri, and who were assumed to be more or less guilty of aiding the criminals. It would be greatly unjust to the people of Kansas, in general, to say that they shared in this desire for indiscriminate vengeance; l)ut there were not wanting uni)i'int'ipU'd leaders to fan the flame of pojiular excitement and goad the people to madness, in tlu^hope of thereby accomplishing their own seltish ends. On the L'tUh of August a mass meeting was held in the city of Leavenworth, at which it was resolved that the people should meet at Paola on the 8th of Sejitember, armed and sui)i)lied for a campaign of fifteen days, for the purpose of entering Mis- souri to search for tiieir stolen property and retaliate upon the people of Missouri for the outrages conunitted in Kansas. This meeting was addressed by some of the leading men of Kansas in the most violent and inllammatory manner, and the temper of these leadiM-s and of their followers was such that there seemeil to l)e great danger of an indiscriminate slaughter of the jieople in western Missouri, or of a col- lision with the troojis, under (ieneral Ewing, in their efforts to prevent it. Under these circumstances, I determined to visit Kansas and western ^lissouri for the pur- pose of settling tlie difliculty, if possible, and also for the purj^ose of gaining more accurate information of the condition of the border counties of Missouri, and thus making myself able to judge of the wisdom and necessity of the severe measures which had been adopted 'oy (Tcneral Ewing. 1 arrived at Leavenworth City on the 2d of September and obtained an interview with the governor of the State and other prominent citizens. I found the gcivernor and his sui)])orters opjjosed to all unauthorized movement on the part of the people of Kansas, and willing to cooperate with me in restoring (juiet and in providing for future security. I then sought anii obtained an interview with the Hon. J. H. Lane, United States Senator, wlio was the recognized leader of those engaged in the Paola movement. Mr. Lane explained to me his views of the necessity, as he l)elieved, of making a large portion of A\-estern ^Missouri a desert waste, in order that Kansas might be secure against future invasion. He proposed to tender to the district com- mander the services of all the armed citizens of Kansas to aid in executing this policy. This, I informed him, was impossible; that whatever measures of this kind it might be necessary to adopt must be executed by United States troops; that irre- sponsible citizens could not l)e intrusted with the discharge of such duties. He then insisted that the peoi)le wlio might asseml)le at Paola should be permitteil to enter Missouri "in search of their stolen property," and desired to place them under my command, he (General Lane) pledging himself that they should strictly confine themselves to such search, abstaining entirely from all unlawful acts. General Lane professed entire confidence in his aljility to control, absolutely, the enragee held responsible for the nuniler and rol)l)ery whii-h nnist neces- sarily ensue. I soon becaine satisfied that, notwith.«tanding Mr. Lane's assertion to the contrary, he had no thought of trying to carry out his scheme in ojiposition to my orders, and that tile vast majority of the people of Kansas were entirely opposed to any such movement. On the 4th of September 1 published an order, a copy of which is inclosed, ]>rohi]>iting armed men, not in the military service, from passing from one State into the other, and sent a sulhcient force along the State line to enforce the order against any who might be disposed to disobey it. The peoi)le tpiietly ac(j|ui- esced. The Paida meeting, which had promised to l)e of gigantic ])rop(n-tions, dwindled down to a few hundred people, who spent a rainy day in listening to speeches and passing resolutions relative to the Senator from Kansas and the com- mander of the Department of the Missouri. ******* CITIZEN GUARDS. 169 Not the least of the objects of my visit to the border was to see for myself the condition of the border comities, and determine what modilication, if any, ought to be made in the policy which ( ieneral Ewing had adopted. I spent several days in visiting various points in the counties affected by General Kwing's order; and in con- versing with the people of all shades of politics who are most deeply affected by the measures adopted, 1 became fully satisfied that the order depopulating certain counties, with the exception of specified districts, was wise and necessary. That portion of the order which directed the destruction of property I did not approve, and it was modified accordingly. The evil which exists upon the border of Kansas ami Missouri is somewhat dif- ferent in kind and far greater in degree than in other parts of Missouri. It is the old border hatred intensified by the rebellion and by the murders, robberies, and arson which have characterized the irregular warfare carried on during the early periods of the rebellion, not only by the rebels, but by our own troops and people. The effect of this has been to render it impossible for any man who openly avowed and maintained his loyalty to the Government to live in the border counties of Mis- souri outside of military" posts. A large majority of the people remaining were open rebels, while the remainder were compelled to abstain from any word or acts in opposition to the rebellion at the peril of their lives. All were practicallv enemies of the Government and friends of the rebel guerrillas. The latter found no diffi- culty in supplying their commissariat wherever they went, and, what was of vastly greater importance to them, they obtained prompt and accurate information of every movement of our troops, while" no citizen was so bold as to give us information in regard to the guerrillas. In a country remarkably well adapted by nature for guer- rilla warfare, with all the inliabitants practically the friends of the guerrillas, it has been found impossible to rid the country of .such enemies. At no time during the war have these counties been free from them. No remedy short of destroying the source of their great advantage over our troops could cure the evil. I did not approve of the destruction of pi'operty, at first contemplated by General Kwing, for two reasons, viz, I lielieve the end can be accomplished without it, and it can not be done in a reasoua])le time so effectually as to very much embarrass the guerrillas. The country is full of hogs and cattle, running in the woods, and of potatoes in the ground and corn in the field, which can not be destroyed or moved in a reason- able time. I hope the time is not far distant when the loyal people can return in safety to their homes, and when those vacated by rebels will be purchased and settled by people who are willing to live in peace with their neighbors on both sides of the line. The measure which has 1)een adopted seems a very harsh one; but, after the full- est exapiination and consideration of which I am capable, I am satisfied it is wise and humane. It was not adojited hastily, as a consequence of the Lawrence mas- sacre. The sul)ject had long been discussed between General Ewing and myself, and its necessity recognized as at least probable. I had determined to adopt the milder l)olicy of removing all families known to be connected with or in sympathy with the guerrillas, and had connnenced its execution before the raid ujxin Lawrence. The utter impossibilitv of deciding who were guilty and who innocent, and the great dan- ger of retaliation" by the guerrillas upon those who should remain, were the chief reasons for adopting the present policy. In executing it a liberal test of loyaltj^ is adopted. Persons who come to the military posts and claim protection as loyal citi- zens are not turned away without perfectlysatisfactory evidence of disloyalty. It is the fir,st opportunity which those people have had since the war began of openly proclaiming their attachment to the I'nion without fear of rebel vengeance. * • * ~ * * * * I am, colonel, very resiiectfully, your obedient servant, J. M. SciioFiELD, Major-Geneml. [Ibid., pp. 572-575.] On November 18, 1863, General Ewing, having- in contemplation the return to their hornet of the loyal residents of the border counties, telegraphed Major-General Schotield as follows: Kansas [Gitv], Xocenihcr 18, 1863. Maj. Gen. J. M. Schofield, St. Louis: I shall endeavor to get the settlements in neighborhoods where men can maintain military organizations. It is important to provide my [by] order for the organiza- tion of small companies to whom issues should be made of guns and pistols and cloth- 170 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. iufr. There will be about 300 of such reliable men in the three counties. Shall I provide in the order for such organization and issues? Thomas Ewixg, ,Tr., Brif/adier-General. [Book No. 407, Department of the Missouri, p. 164.] To this telegram General Schotiekl replied, also by telegraph, on the same date, authorizing the organization of the border men into com- panies of convenient size, as proposed by General Ewing. stating that he would recognize them as militia in active service and authorize the issue of arms, clothing. luid subsistence. Following is a copy of Gen- eral Schotield's telegram: November 18, 1863. Brigadier-General Ewixg, Kansas CUij, Mo.: Organize the men who return to the border counties into companies of convenient size, a*; you propose. I will recognize them as militia in active service and authorize the issue of arms, t'lothing, and subsistence. I will send from here clothing for that specific purpose. J. M. ScHOFiELD, Majof-Geiieral. [Book No. 108, Department of the Missoui'i, p. 261.] On the 2(>th of November General Ewing issued a general order announcing the conditions under which former residents of the depopu- lated districts might return to their homes. This order provided, among other things, that all men permitted to return (loyal men only) should be organized, as far as practicable, into companies of •"militia of the State in active service" for the protection of their homes against the attacks of guerrilla bands. Following is a copy of the order: General Orders, \ Headquarters District of the Border, No. 20. J Kansas CiUj, Mo., November 20, 1863. I. Loyal persons, formerly resident in that part of the district from which the inhabitants were required to remove by General Orders, No. 11, may obtain permits to return and safeguards for persons and jiroperty in the manner and on the terms herein prescribed. Apj-dications for such permits and safeguards will be made to the othcer commanding at one of the following stations nearest the ajiplicant's jilace of residence, to wit, Westport, Independence, Hickman Mills, Pleasant Hill, Harrisoa- ville. Trading Post, and must be accompanied with satisfactory proof of tlie uniform loyal conduct and reputation of the ajiplicants. When the applicant is the head of a family, the permit or safeguard will name the applii-ant and the nonadult children of the family. Each adult of a family will make separate pmofs and receive a sepa- rate permit and safeguard. The connnanding officer of each of the stations named will keejt a record of the names, ages, and places of residence of persons to whom such permits and safeguards are issued by him, and of the persons by whom their loyalty is shown, and al.-^o, in like manner, a record of persons to whom he refuses to issue such permits and safeguards. Transcripts of the record will be sent to these head(|uarters from time to time with the trimonthly reports. Such permits and safe- guards will be in the form hereinafter prescribed. When proof is made in any case to the satisfaction of the station commander, he will till up carefully the blanks in such form, and sign the permit and safeguard, and forward the same to these head- quarters for the ajiproval of the general commanding. No such permit and safe- guard will be valid without sucli approval indorsed upon it. Save in excejitional instances, such permits will not be given at present to persons owning no lands or crops or having no sufticient means of support in the distrit't named, nor to persons living in the timber more than three miles distant from any station, nor to ))ersons having near relatives or connections in the rebel service. Where in their judgment sucli exceptions should be made, commanders of stations will send to these head(|uar- ters, in writing, the reasons for such exception. II. If any jierson in the military service of the United States shall knowingly and willfully commit any act of injury to the person or property of any resident iiolding such safeguard, he shall be arrested and sent here for trial l)y court-martial for the offense of forcing a safeguard, which is one of the gravest in the Articles of War. If any person not in the military service of the United States shall knowingly and willfully connnit such act of injury, he shall be arrested and sent here for trial by military commission. When any person holding such safeguard or permit shall CITIZEN GUARDS. l7l willfully violate any one of the conditions on which it is given, such person shall be arrested and sent here by the nearest station commander for trial and punishment. In case the person so offending is a woman, and the head of a family, she shall be ordered out of the district by such commander, and failing to go, will be sent here with her family for removal. III. If any person or persons shall settle in the district named without such per- mission in writing being first regularly obtained, such person or persons will be notified by the nearest station commander to leave the district, and on failure to do so will be arrested and sent here for removal. IV. The requisite authority having been obtained, commanders of stations named above will cause all the menwho are allowed to return to be organized, as far as practicable, in companies in the several neighborhoods. Each company will consist of not less than thirty men, living within convenient distances of the place of rendez- vous, and arms, clothing, and rations will be issued to them. They will be received by the proper authorities as militia of the State in active service. The general com- manding attem]^ts this early settlement of the depopulated district at the urgent solicitation of many loyal inen, who are now willing to try to live again at their homes. He will aicl them to the utmost with the troops under his command, and assure them that no rebel families will be allowed to return to entice back and sup- port the guerrillas. But, after all, the question whether the guerrillas can come back to resume their ravages, depends nmch upon the action of the loyal inhabitants themselves. They must return to their farms, not as noncombatants, but thoroughly armed and organized in each neighborhood. It is chiefly by such neighborhood OH-ganization that they can hope to save themselves and their property, keep out the guerrillas, and insure a permanent and prosperous resettlement of the border. By order of Brigadier-General Ewing: H. Hannahs, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. (Here follows a form of permit and safeguard.) [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part II, p. 713.] On the date of this order, November 20, ISti?), a letter was addressed b}^ (ireneral Ewing- to the military commanders at Harrisonville, West- port, Hickiimn Mills, Independence, Trading Post, and Pleasant Hill, as follows: Headquarters District of the Border, Kansas City, Mo., November 20, 1863. Commanding Officer of . Sir: I inclose you a copy of Order No. 20, and forms of permits and safeguards. I want you to devote your most careful attention to the due execution of this order, as the success of the effort depends chiefly on the manner of its execution. Let no men of doubtful loyalty have permits. Give no permits under any circum- stances to women of bad character, though they be loyal. And, in fact, discourage the idea of women going to places remote from the station unless they have visible means of honest support. The great evil of the border was the multitude of lewd women infesting it heretofore and attracting the guerrillas. That evil must not be allowed to take root again. In doubtful cases throw the doubt against the applicant, so that all may under- stand distinctlj' that this step is for the loyal alone. If possible, get one or more companies organized to go out from the post and form a nucleus for resettlement. The more of such centers of settlement that can be established, the more prompt will be the resettlement of the country. The men so organized will- be allowere to l)e remarked that (leneral Ewing's order No. 1'2. referred to in his telegram of December 2. has not been discovered, but on September 24. 1808, an order was issued by the commanding officer of the post of Kansas City. ** in pursuance of General Orders. No. 12. dated headquarters District of the Border." directing the organiza- tion of the loyal citizens of the post into companies "for the defense of the station." Following is a copy of the order: General Orders, 1 Headqiarters Post, No. 3. J Kansas Cit}/, Mo., September 24, 1863. I. In }mi-suance of General Orders, Xo. 12. dated headquartei-s District of the Bor- der, the loyal citizens of this military j^ost will be organized into companies, drilled and armed for the defense of the station. II. The loyal citizens of this station are called upon to organize themselves into companies of not less than 40 nor more than 100 men, elect their otficei-s. and report to these headciuarters.when they will be armed ami equipped ready for service. III. It is not the intention of the commanding othcer of this station to use the troo|>s thus organized for active service except in case of emei*gency. and then only for the defense of the station. IV. The commanding officer of this station trusts that the citizens will see the importance and necessity of this organization, and that they will respond to the call, and by so doing avoid the necessity of more stringent measures to enforce this order. By order of H. II. Williams, major Tenth Kansas Volunteei-s, commanding post: I. M. Kith, Lieutenant and Post .Idjutant. [Book No. 942. Dei>artnient of the Missouri.] CITIZEN GUARDS. 173 The border c'oiupan it's were as follows: ILiri'hon vllle C ^ornpan ies. Capt. Alexander Robinson's company: This company was accepted into service Deceml)er 24, ISO;^, at Harrisonville, Mo., under authority of Major-General Schotield. dated November lb, 18()3, quoted above, as a compan}' of Enrolled Missouri ]Militia. The records, however, show that it was ordered into aetive serviee September 14, 1803, and continued in active service until March 12, 1865, when it was relieved from dutv. It was recognized hy the State of Missoui'i as an inde- pendent company of Cass County Enrolled Missouri Militia, and was paid by the State. A majority of its members were over the military ag'e and were mustered ''only to secure for them the pay for s(>rvices rendered." Capt. Elias P. West's company: This company was accepted into service December 25, 1868, at Harrisonville, Mo., under authorit}- of Major-General Schotield, dated November 18, 1863, quoted above, as a company of Enrolled Missouri Militia. The records, however, show that it was ordered into active service September 14, 1863, and con- tinued in active service until November 18, 18(i4, when it was relieved from duty. It was recognized by the State of Missouri as Company K, Seventy-seventh Enrolled Missouri Militia, and was paid by the State. A majorit}' of its meml)ers were over the military age and were mustered ''only to secure for them the paj' for services rendered."' TUcknuni Mills Companies. Eirst Lieut, ffacob Axline's company: This compan}- was organized December 25, 1863, at Hickman Mills, Mo. , under authority granted by General Schoheld to General Ewing, November 18, 1863, quoted above. It was accepted into service January 1, 1864. as a company of Enrolled Missouri Militia. A large percentage of the men were over the military age and were mustered ""only to secure for them the ptiy for serA'ices rendered," It was relieved from duty jNIarch 25, 1864. Although mustered in as an Enrolled ]\lilitia company, it was not recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization and was not paid b_v the State, but was paid b}' the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to.** Capt. David Tate's Company of Mounted ]Men: This company was organised April 9, 1864, at Hickman Mills, jMo., ordered into active service on the same date, and was relieved from duty March 12, 1865. No specitic authority for its organization has ])een discovered. It was not recognized l)v the State authorities' as a militia organization and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to." Independence L ^nnpa n les. Company A, Independence Home Guard, Enrolled Missouri Militia, commanded by Capt. Peter Hinter: This company was oi'ganized August 14, 1863, at Independence, Mo., was ordered into active service August IT, 1863, at the place of organization, by General Thomas Ewing, and was relieved from duty Eebruary 17, 1864, by the same "Seep. 177. 174 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNION. officer. This company performed guard and picket dut}'' during- the period of its service and was paid by the State of Missouri as a militia organization. Compiiny A, Independence Citizen Home Guards: This company was organized June 11, 1801, at Independence, Mo., ordei'ed into actiye service ehine 14, iSfil, and was relieved from duty Decemlx'r 14, 1864. During the period of its service it })erfornied guard and ])icket duty and some scouting during the period of "Price's raid." It was conunanded. by Capt. Peter Hinter, but its personnel is different from that of the original company commanded l)y that oificer. It was paid by the State of Missouri as Missouri militia. Company B. Citizen Home Guards, ]Missouri Militia, commanded by Capt. Francis Little: This company was organized August IT, 1863, at Independence, Mo., Avas ordered into active service on the same date, and was relieved fiom duty February IT, 18(J4, ])y order of General Ewing. During the period of its service it performed guard and picket duty at Independence, JNIo. It was paid by the State of Missouri as a militia organization. First Lieut. William N. O. Monroe's company (also known as Wayne Cit}^ Independent Company): This company was accepted into service January 15, 1864, at Kansas City, Mo., under authority of Major-General Schotield, dated November 18, 1863, quoted above, as a company of Enrolled Missouri Militia. The records, however, show that it was ordered into active service December 23, 1863, and continued in active service until December 14, 1864, when it was relieved from duty. It was paid by the State of Missouri as a militia organization. luiiisas Cltii Station Guarch. Company A (Independent), Kansas City Station Guards, commanded by Capt. Caleb A. Carpenter: This company was organized October 3, 1863, at Kansas City, Mo., under the provisions of General Orders, No. 3, headquarters Post of Kansas City, dated September 24, 1863, quoted above. It was ordered into active service on the date of its organization and was relieved from duty Jul}' 9, 1864. As will be seen from the text of the order the company was organized ""for the defense of the station." It was not recognized by the State authori- ties as a militia organization and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of Congress, Ijereafter to be referred to."" Company A, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded by 'Capt. Caleb A. Carpenter: This company was organized September 1, 1864. at Kansas City. Mo., ordered into active service on the same date and relieved from duty March 12, 18().'). It was not recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to." Company B, Kansas City Station Guards, Missouri State Militia, commanded ])y Capt. James Hickman: This company was organized October 3, 1863, at Kansas City, Mo., by authority of General Ewing, and a])parently under the provisions of General Orders, No. 3, head- quarters Post of Kansas City, September 24, 1863. before referred to. It was ordered into active service on the date of its organization and was relieved from duty fluly 9. 1864. It was not recognized by the •Seep. 177. CITIZEN GUARDS. 175 State authorities as a militia organization and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to l)e referred to/' Company B, Kansas City Station (xuards, commanded by Capt. Rufus Montgall: This company was organized August 9, 1864, at Kansas City, Mo., l)y authority of GcMieral Schotield, and was on actiye duty from the date of its organization to March 12, 186.5. It was not recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization and was not i)aid b}- the State, but was })aid l)y the Lbiited States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to." Company C, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded by Capt. Jesse P. Alexander: This company was organized October 10, 1868, pursuant to General Orders, No. 3, headquarters Post of Kansas City, Septem- ber 2-1, 1863, before referred to, was ordered into actiye service on the date of its organization, and was relieved from dut}^ July 9, 1864. It was again ordered into active service September 1, 1864, and con- tinued on active duty until March 12, 1865, when it was relieved. It was not recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization and was not paid l)y the State, but was paid by the United States under special l«»gislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to." Company D. Kansas City Station Guards, conmianded by First Lieut. William J. Gault: This company was oiganized Octol>er 3, 1863, at Kansas City, Mo., "under a general order from Maj. Gen. John M. Schotield, United States Volunteers" (evidently under the provisions of General Orders, No. 3, headquarters Post of Kansas City. September 24, 1863, before referred to), was ordered into active service on the date of its organization and was relieved from duty July 9, 1864. It was not recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to." Company D, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded M' Capt. B. F. Newgent: This company (or "detachment," as it is designated in the pay roll) was organized March 10, 1864, at Kansas City, Mo., ordered into active service on the same date, and relieved from duty March 12, 1865. No specitic authority for its organization has been discovered, but it was evidently formed under the general authority given to General Ewing to organize companies of citizen guards for local service. It was not recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to." Company D, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded by Capt. B. L. Kiggins: This company was organized (or reorganized, as stated in the roll) June 12, 1864. at Kansas City, Mo., was ordered into active serv- ice June 13, 1864, and was relieved from duty November 15. 1864. During the period of its service it performed guard duty at Kansas City and was employed in "digging trenches and throwing up bieast- woi'ks preparing against an anticijjated attack ))y Price's army." It was not recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization and was not paid by the State, but w^as paid by the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to." Compan}' E, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded l)y Capt AVil- liam O. Shouse: This company" was organized June 13, 1864, at Kan- "See p. 177. I7(i MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. sas City, Mo., was ordored into active service on the same date, and was relieved from duty November IH, i8n4. No specific authority for its org-anization has Ijeen discovered, but it was evidently formed under the general authority given to General Ewing* to organize com- panies of citizen guards for local service. It was "on constant duty durino- Price's raid protecting- commissary stores, etc." It was not recognized by the State authorities as ii militia org'anization and was not paid 1)V the State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to 1)3 referred to." Company E, Militia, of the Kansas City Guards, commanded by Capt. Peter Causey: This compan\^ was org-anized June 13, IS^i-t, at Kansas City, Mo., "in pursuance of general orders, dated head- quarters Fourth Subdistrict, District of Central Missouri, Kansas City, Mo., June 12, ISGi." No original record of this order has been discovered, but the quotation on the roll reads as follows: Those citizens who have not already enrolled themselves in either the Enrolled Missouri Militia, Captain Carpenter's or Captain Hickman's company, will immedi- ately proceed to organize themselves into companies of 100, electing their own offi- cers, and report to these headquarters in. twenty-four hours. This company was "on constant duty as picket and station guard from 13th day of June, 1864, to 15th day of November, 1804, and during the time of Price's raid in the month of October, 1864, the entire company was constantly engaged on fortifications. " It was relieved from duty November 15, 1864. It was not recognized by the State authoritie.-? as a militia organization and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to." Plenxiint mil C<)}iip((ny. Pleasant Hill Company, coumianded by Capt. Andrew Allen: This company was accepted into service December 25. 1863, at Pleasant Hill, Mo., under authority of General Schofield. dated November IS, 1863, quoted above, as a company of Enrolled Missouri Militia. The records, however, show that it was ordered into active service Sep- tember 18, 1863, and continued in active service until November 18, 1864, when it was relieved from duty. It was recognized by the State of Missouri as Company I, Seventy-seventh Enrolled Missouri Militia, and was paid by the State. A large percentage of its members were over the military age, and were mustered " only to secure for them the pa}" for services rendered." Westjjort Police Guard. Capt. William A. Bevis's company": This company was organized October 9, 1863, at Westport, Mo.; was ordered into active service on the same date, and was relieved from duty July 9, 1864. It was again ordered into active service September I, 1864, and relieved from duty March 12. 1865. No specific authority for the organization of this company has been discovered, but it was evidently organized under General Ewing's (ieneral Orders, No. 12, which has not been found of record. It was not I'ecognized by the State authorities as a militia organization and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to." ''Seep. 177. CITIZEN GUARDS. 177 The niu.ster-in rolls of tive of the companies whose histories are given above, viz, those commanded l)v Capts. Alexander Robinson, Elias P. West, and Andrew Allen, and Lieuts. Jacob Axline and Wil- liam N. O. Monroe, indicate that it was the intention of the mustering officer, who was a United States nmstering officer, to muster the com- panies, which were designated as Enrolled Missouri Militia, into the service of the United States. Jt will be ol)served, however, that the authority given by Major-Oeneral Schoiield (November 18, 15, that the companies designated above by the names of their commanding officers were not in the militar}^ serv- ice of the United States, the action of the mustering officer evidenth^ having been ''a mistake on his part,'' and certainly, if intended to muster the companies into the United States service, was without authority, and therefore void. (R. & P., 886101.) It is now seen that all of these companies, with the single exception of the company commanded l)y Lieutenant Axline, were recognized and paid b}^ the State as Enrolled Missouri Militia. By an act of Congress approved April 1:3, 1871, the " Westport Police Guards,"" "Hickman Mills Company," and the "Kansas City Station Guards,'' were placed on the .same footing as to pay and allow^- ances as volunteers in the service of the United States. This act of Congress is in ternTs as follows: Be it enacted ht/ tJie Senate and Tlouxe of Representatives of tJie United States of America in Congress assembled, That the military organizations known as the " Westport Police Guards," "Hickman Mills Company," and companies A, B, C, D, and E, of the "Kansas City Station Guards," having been called into the service of the United States, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-three, in the District of the Border, Department of the Missouri, under authority derived from Maj. Gen. John ^I. Scho- field, United States Army, be, and they are hereby, placed on the same footing as to pay and allowances as volunteers in the service of the United States. See. 2. That it shall be the duty of the proper accounting otticers of the Treasury Department to ailjust the accounts of all members of the aliove-described organiza- S. Doc. 412 -12 178 MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION. tions, and, on presentation of properly authenticated rolls, showing the names of all officers and men belonging to such organizations and the term of service of each, and of such other evideme as may be required to fully prove such service, the said accounting officers shall pay the accounts out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated: I'rorided, hoirecer, That this act shall not be so construed as to entitle the members of said military organizations to bounty or pensions under any law of the United States. Approved, April 12, 1871. [17 Stat. L., p. 641.] It will be observed that this act specitically provides that it shall not ])e so construed as to entitle the members of the organizations referred to to bounty or pension. As regards the companies for whose relief the legislation of April^ 1871, was enacted, a former adjutant-general of the State said in an affidavit dated Januar}' 3, 1870: State of Missouri, County of St. Louis: John B. Gray, of St. Louis, Mo., who, being duly sworn according to law, deposes and says: That he was State adjutant-general of the State of Missouri during the years of 1863, 1864, and part of the year 1865. That the companies of troops called the " Kansas City Station Guards" and "Hickman Mills Company," and the "West- port Police Guards," organized by General Thos. Ewing, Jr., United States Army, in October, 1863, were not formed under authority of the State of Missouri, and made no returns to the headquarters of the State of Missouri. That the organizations aforesaid were created and supported by the United States and were not subject to orders of State officers. Deponent further states that in the reimbursement made by the United States to the State of Missouri by the operations of the act of Congress of April 17, 1866, for moneys expended by the State of Missouri in support of her militia during the war, the payment for the services rendered by the companies aforesaid was not included, said companies never having been paid anything by the State of Missouri, for the reason that they were not considered as State troops, as heretofore stated; and deponent further states that he acted as agent for the State of Missouri in the matter of her reimbursement, presenting all of the claims to the com- mission appointed under the act aforesaid, as well as to the United States Treasury, and that he is personally knowing to the facts stated, and further deponent says not. John B. Gray. Sworn and subscribed to before me this 3d day of January, A. D. 1870, at St. Louis, Mo. G. D. O. Kellman, Notary Public, St. Louis County, Mo. [E116, V. S., 1869.] It will be seen from the foregoing that the companies of Citizen Guards formed in the District of the Border were organized for then- own protection, or for purely local service, and that they were either recognized and paid b}- the State as Enrolled Missouri Militia, or have been paid by the United States, under special legislation authorizing it, for the time they were in active service. They were not in the military service of the United States, either as volunteers or as State militia. As shown in this paper there were twenty companies of Citizen Guards organized in the District of the Border. These are all of which a record has been discovered. DISTRICT OF SOUTHWEST MISSOURI. Under date of September 13, 1863, an order was issued by Brig. Gen. John McNeil, United States Volunteers, commanding the District of Southwest Missouri, in which he authorized the loj'al citizens of (CITIZEN GUARDS. 179 the district lo as.sociate themselves together for the defense of their homes and families "ag-ainst the hiwless invasion of guerrillas, or the depredations of bushwhackers and horse thieves." Following is a copy of the order: General Orders, \ Headquahters District of Southwest Missouri, No. 84. J Springjield, Mo., Septonber 13, 1863. I. All loyal citizens of this district ai)i)lyiiiiy; to these headquarters to carry arms in their own (lefense, or to assofuate with their loyal neighbors for the defense of tlieir homes and their fannlies against the lawless invasion of guerrillas, or the depreda- tions of bushwhackers and horse thieves, can have a jtermit for that i)urpose on the certificate of any properly aj^pointed provost-marshal nearest their place of abode certifying to their loyalty. II. These certificates of loyalty will only be issued to those who have been actively loyal during all the time of this rebellion; and to be loyal at these headquarters means to have been an active and sympathetic suppoi'ter of the Government of the United States in all its measures to suppress this rebellion. The citizen who has chosen the position of neutrality, and who claims or has claimed to have "done nothing on nary side," is not loyal and will not be trusted with arms. III. When the inhabitants of neighborhoods associate under this order they will select from their fellows a responsible citizen as captain, and such other officers as may be necessary for a proper organization. A roster of the officers and a roll of the members will be furnished to the district provost-marshal at Si)ringlield, Mo., imme- diately after their associating forthe purpose indicated. IV. These associations being expressly authorized for the defense and protection of persons and neighborhoods from lawless violence in the absence of legally author- ized force, it is distinctly announced that the}^ will not be allowed to set on foot any military expedition or enterprise, or to make prize of war for their own profit or advantage. If assailed they must repel, pursue, and, if possible, destroy the assailing foe. If justly apprehensive of assault they can anticipate such assault by attack, and do all such acts as would be justified in times of peace in protecting themselves against lawless depredators. All such expeditions and their results will be reported to these headquarters, and all property seized will be turned over to the district provost-marshal. V. Violation of the above orders will subject the parties found guilty to be treated as bushwhackers, and it is to be distim;tly understood that in issuing this order the district commander has alone in view the protection of the loyal and peaceful citi- zens, and will, with all the power in his control, punish and repress lawless violence and brigandism. By order of Brig. Gen. John McNeil: [C. G. Laurant,] Assldanl Adjutant- General. [Book No. 607, Department of the Missouri, p. 38.] Under authority of this order a company or detachment commanded o}" Capt. T, J. Stemons, consisting of three officers and fourteen men, was organized February 27, 1864, in Jasper County. It is evident from the order that the detachment was organized solely for home defense. It was not recognized or paid by the State of Missouri as a militia organization, nor was it accepted into the service of the United States. No record has been found that it rendered any service, either to the State or the United States. It is possible that other organizations were formed under the pro- yisions of General Orders, No. 34, but no record of any such addi- tional organizations has been discovered. DISTRICT OF CENTRAL MISSOURI. un March 10, 1804, Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown, United States Volun- leers, commanding the District of Central Missouri, authorized the organization of the loyal citizens of his district into companies '' to 180 MISSOURI TROOI'S UNION. assist in tho ostablishiiient of law and ordoi-" and '"for local defense and police." This was done in an oi'der of which the foUowino- is a copy: General Orders, "I Headquarters District of Central Missoiri, No. 12. i Warrennhurij, Mo., March 10, 1864. The protection of the citizens of the country from the acts of bad men demands tnat every person should be required to assist in the reestablishment of law and order, and that this may be the more effectually done, all male citizens capable of handlinji: a jjun who are known to be reliable, honest men, and who will support and defend the Government of the United States, will be organized into companies for tocal defense and jxilice. Commanding officers of the Second and Third Subdistricts will detail competent officers with sufficient fori-e, to whom will be assigned the duty of enrolling the citizens, and who will be stationed at central points in the vicinity of whit-h there are a sufficient numl)er of inhabitants to form comjianies. As soon as the lists of names, with those of the officers selected, are made they will oe forwarded to these headquarters, and the re(juisite arms and ammunition will be f urnifshed. When the companies are organized and armed, one-tenth of the whole n unil>er will be detailed by the commanding officers for patrol and guard duty. This duty will be confined to the j)recincts within which the companies are organized, and the details may be changed every three days, so that the whole company will be OH duty once in a month's time. The detail will be increased when, in the opinion of the company commander, the public good demands it. In case of danger the alarm will be given and every man will be put under ai'ms. Commanding officers of companies will give timely notice of the number of the detail for patrol duty, so that the necessary arrangements can Ije made to promptly comply with them, and do as little injury to private inter- ests as possible. The officers will be elected in the same manner as is required by law for the organization of the p]nrolled Missouri State Militia. INIaj. M. Chapman, acting assistant adjutant-general Fifth Military District, will have special charge of the arming of this irregular force in La Fayette, Johnson, and Saline counties. As soon as the enrollment and organization of the Fnrolled Missouri Militia is perfected, the companies on duty in obedience to this order will be relieved by companies of Enrolled ^Missouri Militia. By order of Brigadier-General Brown: J. H. Steger, Ani^ldunf Adjutant- General. [Official Eecords of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXXIV, Part II, p. 568.] With reo-ard to the neeessit}^ for this organization, General Brown wrote to department headquarters, March 13, 1864, as follows: Headquarters District of Central Missouri, Warremhnrg, Mo., March 13, 1864- Maj. O. D. Greene, Assistant Adjutant-General, St. Louis, Mo. Major: I have the honor to transmit, for tlie information of the major-general commanding, General Orders, No. 12, from these headcjuarters, requiring the citizens to organize companies for local police duty. The few guerrillas and bandits in the countiy are in parties of from two to fifteen; though active scouts on foot in the brush and mounteii in the more open country have killed several of them in the past twenty days, and will eventually clear the country of them, yet it fails to inspire confidence and self-reliance in the i)eople, and it is deemed l)est to form these organizations immediately. The enrollment of the Enrolled Missouri Militia would be sufiicient in the populous districts if it was or could be completed soon enough to meet the present emergency, but this would fail to afford the necessary jirotection in the more sparsely settled districts, as the majority of aljle-bodied citizens who are liable to military duty have entered one of the armies, while the exempts, Avith those who would pay, not fight, would leave few or none for military service. These reasons will explain why I have thought it was necessary to make a general organization of tlie citizens of the district before the militia enrollment was c()mi)leted. There is this objection to a volunteer organization: The pco]>le fear the vengeance of the bushwhackers, and say tliey would l)e exposed to being made victims if they join in an attenq)t to drive them out; and in many localities no combined action could l)e CITIZEN GUARDS. 181 had unless it is compelled by military orders. So far as I can learn the order meets with general ap[)roval witli the people, and in some cases similar organizations have been concurred in by the general commanding. I am, very truly, your obedient servant, E. B. Brown, Brigadier-General of Volunteers, Commanding. [Ibid., p. 589.] On March 30, 1864, General Brown issued a supplementary order in which, among other things, he announced that the organizations of citizens authorized b}' General Orders, No. 12, would be known as Citizen Guards, and that as they were intended simply as a "citizen patrol, for the protection of themselves and their homes,'" no claim against the Government could arise on account of their services. Fol- lowing is a copy of this supplementary order: General Orders, \ Headquarters District op Central Missouri, No. 19. I Warrensharg, y[o., March 30, 1864. I. The organization of citizens, as directed in General Orders, No. 12, current series, from these headquarters, will be known as Citizen Guards. II. Immediately upon the organization of a company and the election of officers, the commander thereof will report by letter to the connnanding officer of the sub- district in which the comjiany is organized, in order that the organization and elec- tion of officers may be confirmed. III. The reports will state the number and kind of arms then in the possession of the company, and will be accompanied by requisitions for sufficient arms and ammunition to supply those who require them. IV. All members of the Citizen Guards will l)e furnished by the district provost- marshal, on the approval of the subdistrict commander, with permits allowing them to keep at their residence the requisite arms and ammunition. V. As the organization is intended simply as a citizen jiatrol, for the protection of themselves and their homes, no claim against the Government can arise from services thus rendered. VI. It is earnestly enjoined upon all officers chargetl with the organization of this force to admit of no person of doubtful loyalty or honesty becoming a member thereof. By order of Brigadier-General Brown: J. H. Steger, Assistant Adjvtant-Creneral. [Ibid., p. 788. J On the date of this order General Brown addressed the governor of the State, emphasizing the fact that the Citizen Guards were to serve without pay, and requesting that he ])e permitted to arm some of them "■from the arms of the State.'' His letter was as follows: Headquarters District of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, Mo., Marclt SO, 1S64. His Excellency Willard P. Hall, Gorernor of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. Governor: I have the honor to inclose to you an order directing the citizens to organize Citizen Guards for local police. The duty will be performed without pay. The order gives general satisfaction to honest men: the rogues do not like it. I respectfully ask that I may be permitted to arm some of the citizens who have none from the arms of the State. The captains or leaders of the several companies will make requisitions and receipts for them. The men who are elected and who will be recognized as captains will l>e good, responsible parties. None other will be received into service. This part of the State is very quiet. More ground will be tilled this season than has been done since the war began. I am, very truly, your obedient servant, Yj. B. Brown, Briqctdier-General of Volunteers, Commanding. [Ibid., p. 7i most of the steamers formerly in the Government employment and mustering out of service what is called the "5larine Corps," which are nothing more than hired men on these boats. This will be a great saving of expense. [1291, Missouri Department, 1861.] MARINE CORPS. 197 This remark of General Halleck was evidently based, in part at least, upon a report made the da^' previous b}^ Capt. P. T. Turnley, assistant quartermaster, relative to Captain Reily's company of the "Marine Corps." Following is a copy of that report: December 18, 1861. In September last this crew and two others were sworn into service for and during the war, unless sooner discharged, by order of General Fremont. General Fremont also ordered all officers and employees on steam transports to be sworn in in like manner, and all teamsters on land. This moro('eeded to St. Louis, where, on the 14th of October, 1861, the Adjutant-General addressed General Fremont relative to the administration of atfairs in his department, referring, among other things, to military appointments as follows: St. Louis, Mo., Ortoher 14, 1861. Maj. (ien. Joiix C. Fremont, CommdudliKj Deparlment of the ^Yest, Tipton, Mo. (tenkhai.: The Secretary of War dii'eets me to eominunicate the following; as his instructions for your government: ******* In this connection it is seen that a number of commissions have been given by you. No payment will l)e made to such otficers, except to those whose appoint- ments havt,' lieen ai)]>rove(l l)y the President. This, of course, does not aitply to the officers with volunteer commissions. Colonel Andrews has been verbally so instructed by the Secretary. ******* I have the honor to be, etc., L. THO>r.\s, Adjutant-General, [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 532.] While the Secretary of War and the Adjutant-General of the Army were still on their tour of inspection, Gustave Koerner, an aide-de-camp on General Fremont's statf, telegraphed the President as follows: St. Louis, October 16, 1861. His Excellency the President: Deputy Paymaster-General Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews refuses to honor General Fremont's commissions, which have heretofore invariably been accepted by him. Officers of tlie Army v/ho have sacrificed their all to take up arms for their country are thus left destitute, and their families in want of the most urgent necessities of life. Very many of tliese officers are now in the field and in face of the enemy. Their efficiency and the spirits of many of the troops serving under them will be most seriously affcctetl by this course. Unless you will provide a remedy to insure these men in their well-deserved remuneration a portion of the Armj- will necessarily disband, as no officers will or can serve without a valid commission. Gustave Koerner, Aide-de-Camp. [Ibid., 11. oli*^.] To this telegram the Acting Secretary of War replied: United States Military Telegraph, Tlar Department, October 16, 1861. Gustave Koerner, Alde-dc-Carnp, St. Lo^iis, Mo.: Your message to the President has been sent to tliis Dei)artment for attention. Arrangements will be made to examine and duly commission such officers as the service rerton, November 12, 1801, who have actu- ally rendered service, siiall be jiaid for such service. The rolls of the persons so discharged will inunediately be copied and furnished to the c-hief of the pay department in this city, and also regulations will l)e adopted for determining iu each case the time of service. By order of ]\lajor-Cieneral Halleck: J. C. Kelton, Assistant A djutant- General. St. Louis, December 5, 1861. Lieut. Col. T. P. Andrews, Chief, Pay De}>artment, St. Louis. Colonel: You will receive herewith a list of apjiointments made by ^Major-General Fremont, sent to me from the office of the Adjutant-C-reneral of the Army with the following indor-«ement: ''The Secretary of War directs that all persons discharged under the second paragrai)h of the accompanying Sjiei'ial Orders, No. 304, who have actually rendered service shall be })aid." You will make the jiayment as directed, taking projier precautions to ascertain the time of service "actually rendered," and requiring for that purpose the affidavits of the claimants. An additional list will be furnished as soon as it can be prepared. Very respectfully, yayment to the Adjutant-General at Washington, the commanding-general of this department not being authorized to act u]ion such claims. By order of Major-General Halleck: J. C. Kelton, Assistant A djutant- General. Headquarters Depart.ment of the Missouri, .S7. Louiii, December 9, 1861. Adjt. (ien. L. Thomas, Head(jU(irters of the Armi/, Wasliington, D. C. General: There are a number of officers in this department in possession of com- missions from (ieneral Fremont who have done valuable service, but whi^se names do not appear on either of the lists sent from the .Vdjutant-lieneral's Office with orders for payment. These men are ileserving. N(U having received any comjien- sation for their services, they are now in destitute circumstances. I resiHH'tfully ask authority to order jiayment for their services to November 12, the day on which the appointments of (ieneral Fremont expired. Very resi>ectfully, your oliedient servant, II. W. Halleck, }f"iiially Pfennig- hausen's; ])ecame Battery F, Second Artillery lieo-iment. three j^ears' volunteers.) Lovejoy's HoAvitzer Battery. (A temporary organization formed of men detached from various companies of the Second Cavalry Regi- ment, three years' volunteers.) JNIcClanahan's l^atterv. (A temporary organization formed of men detached from the Second Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State ]\lilitia.) McMurray's Batteries. (Battery L. First, and Battery L. Second Artillery Regiment, three years" volunteers.) Mann's Battery. (Battery B, Backof's Artillery Battalion, three years volunteers; became Battery C, First Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Manter's Battery. (Battery A, First Artiller}^ Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Marr's l^atttn-ies. (Batteries K and M, First Artillery Regiment. throe years' volunteers.) Matthaei's Battery. (Battery C, First Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Maurice's Batteries. (Batteries B and K, First Artillery Regiment, three j^ears' volunteers.) Miller's Battery. (Battery I, First Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Montgomery's Battery. (Battery H, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Murphy's Battery. (Batterv F, First Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Neustaedter's Batterv. (Battery C, Backof's Artillery Battalion, three months' militia, 1861.) Nichols's Battery. (Battery E, First Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Pfennighausen's Battery. (First Independent Battery, Flying Artil- lerv; l)ecame liandgraeber's First Independent Batterv, Flving Artillery.) Powell's Batterv. (Battery M. First Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Randol's Battery. (Battery L, First Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Richardson's Battery. (Battery D, First Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Riemann's Battery, (Battery A, First Artillery Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service; subsequently Battery L, Second Artillery Regiment, three vears' volunteers.) Rinne's Battery. (Battery C, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Rowland's Battery. (Battery K. Second Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Schaerrt's Iktteiy. (Battery D, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Schotield's Battery. (Battery A. First Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Schotield Light Artillery. Missouri State Militia. Schotield Light Artillery, three years' volunteers. (Became Battery L. First Light Artillerv Regiment, three years' volunteers.) ORGANIZATIONS IN U. S. SERVICE. 219 Schwarz's Batteiy. (Battery E, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Sheldon's Battery. (Trevioiislv Buel's and Bulliss's; became Bat- ter}' 1, First Artillery Keginient. three years' volunteers.) Simonton's Battery. (Battery B. Second Artillery Kegiment, three years' volunteers.) Stange's Batteries. (Batter}^ C, First Artillery Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' serv.ce, and Batteries E and M, Second Artillery Regimeiit. three years' volunteers.) Stone's Batteries. (Batteries C and K. First Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Strodtman's Batteries. (Batteries A and G, Second Artillerv Regi- ment, three years' volunteers.) Sutter's Battery. (Battery B, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Tannrath's Battery. (Battery I, First Artillery Regiment, three 3"ears' volunteers.) Thurber's Batteries. (First Batter}', Missouri State Militia — origi- nally Wachsman's — and Battery L, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Thurneck's Battery. (Battery B, First Artillery Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three }' ears' service.) Tieme3"er's Battery. (Battery M, First Artillery Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers.) Troll's Battery. (Battery A, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Voelkner's Battery. (Battery F, Second Artillerv Regiment, three vears' volunteers.) Wachsman's Batter3\ (First Battery, Missouri State Militia, and Battery A, Second Artillerv Regiment, three years' volunteers.) AVeliiey's Battery. (Battery A, Backof's ArtiUeiy Battalion, three 3-ears' volunteers; )>ecame Battery B, First Artillery Regiment, three vears' volunteers.) Welker's Battery. (Batter3' H. First Artillery Regiment, three vears' volunteers.) Wilkins's Battery. (Batter3- B, Backof's Artillery Battalion, three months' militia, lS*il.) Yates's Battery. (Batterv H. First Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) INFANTRY. First Regiment, three months' militia, 1S(!1. (Also known as Ger- man Turners; composed of 12 companies, 2 of which were known as Companies A and B, Ritle Battalion.) First Regiment, ]Missouri State ]Militia. First Regiment, Enrolled Missouri Militia. (Three companies in United States service thirty days in 1S04.) First Regiment. United States Reserve Cor})s, three months' service. (Composed of 12 companies.) First Regiment. United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. First Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Became First Artillerv Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers.) First Regiment, Rifles. (Eleventh Infantry, three 3'ears' volunteers.) 220 MISSOUKI TROOPS UNION. First Northeast Battalion, three years' volunteers/' Second Keo-inient, three months' militia, 18^)1. Second Reo'iment, United States Reserve Corps, three months' service^ Second Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three ^^ears' service. Second Regiment, three vears' volunteers. (Also known as Asboth Rifles.) Second Northeast Battalion, three years' volunteers." Second Regiment, Rifles. (Twelfth Infantry, three years' volunteers.) Third Regiment, three months' militia, 1S()1. (Composed of 12 compa- nies, 2 of which were known as Companies A and B, Rifle Biittalion.) Third Reg-iment, United States Reserve Corps, three months' service. Third Regiment. United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. (Consolidated with the Gasconade County Infantry Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service, to form the Fourth Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Third Regiment, three years' volunteers. Fourth Regiment, three months' militia, ISOl. (Also known as Schwarze or Black Jager Regiment; composed of 1'2 companies, 2 of which were known as Companies L and M, Rifle Battalion.) Fourth Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three months' service. (Composed of 12 companies, 2 of which were known as Companies ^ L and M, Rifle Battalion.) Fourth Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. Fourth Regiment, three years' volunteers. Fifth Regiment, three months' militia, 1861. Fifth Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three months' service. Fifth Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service^ (Became the Fifth Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Fifth Regiment, three years' volunteers. Sixth Regiment, three years' volunteers. Seventh Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Irish Seventh.) Eighth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Americau Zouaves.) Ninth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Zouaves; became Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry.) Tenth Regiment, three years' volunteers. Eleventh Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as First Regiment, Rifles.) Twelfth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Second Regiment, Rifles.) Thirteenth Regiment, three years' volunteers, old. (Also known as Up])er Thirteenth; l)ecame Twenty-fifth Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Thirteenth Regiment, three years' volunteers, new. (Became Twent}'- second Ohi(^ Volunteers.) Fourteenth Regiment, three years' vohmteers. (Also known as Birge's or Western Sharpshooters ; became Sixty-sixth lUino'i^ Infantry.) Fifteenth Regiment, three vears' volunteers. (Also known as Swiss Rifles.) ''The First and Second Northeast battahons mentioned in this list were consoli- dated to form the Twenty-first [Missouri Infantry, three years' volunteers. They are separate and distinct from the oriianizations of the same desi.irnations mentioned in the list of Home Guard organizations i)aid throutrh the agency of the Hawkins Taylor Commission. ORGANIZATIONS IN U. 8. SERVICE. 221 Sixteenth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Organization not com- pleted; Compan}^ A became Compan}^ A, Twentv-seventh Infantry Kegiment, three 3"ears' volunteers; the remaining members of the regiment were assigned to Ill/nofs regiments.) Seventeenth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Western Turner Rifles.) Eighteenth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Morgan Rangers.) Nineteenth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Lyon Regiment; 4 companies organized; consolidated with Third Infantr}' Regin^ent, three years' volunteers.) Twenty-lirst Regiment, three years' volunteers." Twent3'-second Battalion, three years' volunteers. (Consolidated with Tenth and Twenty-fourth Infantry Regiments, three 3'ears' volun- teers. ) Twenty-third Regiment, three vears" volunteers. Twenty-fourth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Lyon Legion.) Twenty-tifth Regiment, three gears' volunteers. (Consolidated with the Engineer Regiment of the West to form the First Engineer Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Twenty-sixth Regiment, three years' volunteers. Twenty-seventh Regiment, three years' volunteers. Twent3'-seventh Regiment, Mounted Infantry, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Johnson County Home Guards.) Twentv-eighth Regiment, three vears' volunteers. (Organization not completed; changed to form Tenth Cavalry Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers.) TwenH'-ninth Regiment, three 3^ears' volunteers. Thirtieth Regiment, three 3"ears' volunteers. (Also known as Sham- rock Regiment.) Thirt3"-tirst Regiment, three vears' volunteers.'' Thirt3'-second Regiment, three 3^oars' volunteers.'' Thirty-third Regiment, three years" volunteers. (Also known as Mer- chants' Regiment.) Thirty-fourth Regiment, three vears' volunteers. (Organization not completed; consolidated with Thirtieth Regiment.) Thirty-tifth Regiment, three years' volunteers. Thirty-sixth Regiment, three 3^ears' volunteers. (Organization not completed; consolidated with Thirty-second Infantry, three years' volunteers.) Thirt3^-se^'enth Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers. (Organization not completed; one oiScer mustered in and out of service; no record of enlisted men.) Thirty-eighth Regiment, three 3"ears' volunteers. (Organization not completed; officers mustered out; no record of enlisted men.) Thirty-ninth Regiment, six and twelve months' volunteers. ■' The Twentieth Eegiment was not organized. The Twenty-first Regiment was formed by consoHdation of the First and Second Northeast Infantry battalions, tliree years' volunteers. '' The Thirty-first and Thirty-second Infantry, three years' volunteers, were con- solidated into a battalion known as the Consolidated Battalion, Thirty-first and Thirty-second Missouri Volunteers, sulxsequently designated the Thirty-second Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers. 222 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. Fortieth Ketji-iment, twelve months' volunteers. Fortv-Hrst Regiment, twelve months' volunteers. Forty-second Resiiment, six and twelve months' volunteers. Forty-third Reoiiuont, twelve months' volunteer^s. Forty-fourth Reu-inieiit, six and twelve months" volunteers. Forty-tit'th Reo-inient. six and twelve months' volunteers. Forty- sixth Reoiment. six months' volunteei's. Forty-seventh Regiment, six months' volunteers. Forty-eighth Reg-iment, six and twelve months' volunteers. Forty-ninth Regiment, twelve months' volunteers. Fiftieth Regiment, six and twelve months' volunteers. Fifty-first Regiment, twelve months' volunteei's." Sixty-third Regiment, Enrolled Missouri Militia. (Four companies in United States service in 1804. ) American Zouaves. (Eighth Infantry Regiment, three 3'ears' volun- teers. ) Asboth Rides. (Second Infantry Reg'iment, three 3'ears' volunteers.) Bayles's Independent Company, Rilies, three months' militia, ISOl. (Also known as Lyon Guard.) Benton Cadets (regiment), three 3'ears' volunteers. Birge's Shari)shooters. (Fourteenth Infantry Regiment, three j'ears^ volunteers.) Black Jager. (Fourth Infantry Regiment, three months' militia, 1861.) Byrne's Unattached Company, Missouri State ^lilitia. (Became Com- pany A, First Infantry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) Dietrich's Independent Company, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. Gasconade County Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. (Consolidated with the Third Infantry Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service, to form the Fourth Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) German Turners. (First Infantry Regiment, three months' militia.) Holman's Battalion (sharpshooters), three years' volunteers. (Con- solidated with the Twenty-sixth Infantry Reg'iment, three 3^ears^ volunteers.) Irish Seventh. (Seventh Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Kansas C'it}^ Battalion, United States Reserve Corps. (Van Horn's Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service.) Kendrick Guards. (Companv I, First Infantrv Reoiment, Missouri State Militia.) King's Independent (^'ompany A, Railroad Patrol (iuard. United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. (Also known as Railroad Patrol Guard.) Krekel's Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. Lyon Guard. (Bayles's Independent Company, Ritles, three months' militia, 1861.) Lyon Leg-ion. (Twenty-fourth Infantry Regiment, three years' vol- unteers.) Lyon Regiment. (Nineteenth Infantrv Regiment, three years' volun- teers.) " Recruiting was begun for the Fifty-second to the Fifty-sixth Regiment, inclusive, lint none of these regiments was completed, and the recruits were assigned to the Fifty-first Regiment. ORGANIZATEONS IN U. S. SERVICE. 22S Marion Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. (Companies C and D became Companies D and C, respectivel}^ of the Twenty-second Infantry Battalion, three years' volunteers. See also Marion County oro-anization, Home Guards.) Merchants' Regiment. (Thirty-third Infantrj^ Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers.) Morgan Rangers. (Eighteenth Infantry Regiment, three 3"ears' vol- unteers.) Osterhaus's Battalion, three months' militia, 18H1. (Also known as Ritie Battalion; attached to Second Regiment, three months' militia.) Phelps's Regiment, six months' volunteers. Railroad Patrol Guard. (King's Independent Company, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service.) Schwarze Jager. (Fourth Infantry Regiment, three months' militia^ 18H1.) Shamrock Regiment. (Thirtieth Infantrv Regiment, three years^ volunteers.) Swiss Rifles. (Fifteenth Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Upper Thirteenth. (Thirteenth Infantrv Regiment, old, three years' volunteers.) Van Horn's Battalion, United States Reserve (yorps, three years' serv- ice, (Also known as Kansas Cit}' Battalion, United States Reserve Corps.) Western Sharpshooters. (Fourteenth Infantry Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers.) Western Turner Rifles. (Seventeenth Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) Zouaves. (Ninth Infantrj^ Regiment, three years' volunteers.) ENGINEERS. First Regiment, three years' volunteers. Engineer Regiment of the West, three years' volunteers. (Consoli- dated with the Twenty -fifth Infantry Regiment, three years' volun- teers, to form the First Engineer Regiment, three years' volunteers.) PIONEERS. Voerster's Independent Compan}^ three months' militia, 186] . PIONEERS, SAPPERS AND MINERS. Gerster's Company A, three years' volunteers. (Became Company H, Fifth Infantry Regiment, three vears' volunteers.) PONTONIERS. Winklemaier's Company, three years' volunteers. (Became Company K, Fifth Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) SAPPERS AND MINERS. Balz's Company, three years' volunteers. Veith's Company, Missouri State Militia. (Became Company H, First Infantry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 224 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. SAPPERS, MINERS, AND PONTONIERS. Voerster\s Company, three 3'ear8' volunteers. (Became Company' 1, Fifth Infantry Regiment, three 3^ears' volunteers.) TELEGRAPH CORPS. Smith's Company, three years' volunteers. HOME GUARDS, 1.%!. [Called into active service and paid through the agency of the Hawkins Taylor Coiumission.] First Reoinient, Northeast Missouri, consisting of 4 cavalry and 12 infantry companies. First Regiment, United States Reserve Corps. (Also known as Union Home Guards, and Cole Count}" Home Guards.) Second Regiment, Northeast Missouri. (Also known as Knox County Home Guards.) Fourteenth Battalion, Missouri Volunteers. Fifteenth Battalion. United States Reserve Corps. (Also known as Polk County Home Guards.) Adair County Company. (Shibley's Point Home Guards.) Adair County Company, commanded by Capt. James E. Gordon. Alexandria Home Guard Cavalry. (Company C, First Northeast Missouri Regiment.) Benton County Battalion, commanded by Col. Henry Imhauser. (Also known as German Battalion.) Boonville Battalion Reserve Corps, commanded bv Maj. Joseph A. Eppstein. Boonville Reserve Corps, Independent Company A, commanded by Capt. Joseph A. Eppstein. Boonville Company, commanded b}^ Capt. Frederick AV. Becker. Brooktield (yompany, commanded by Capt. Watson E. Crandall. (Also known as Independent Company A, Missouri Reserve Corps. See Linn Count}' Company.) Caldwell County Company, commanded by Capt. Moses L. James. Caldwell County Company, commanded by Capt. Ed. D. Johnson. Caldwell County Company (cavalrv), commanded by Capt. Washing- ton T. Fillson. Caldwell County Independent Company, commanded by Capt. James R. Murphy. (Shoal Creek Rangers.) Cape Girardeau County Battalion, commanded by Maj. George H. Cramer. Cape Gii'ardeau Battalion, commanded by Lieut. Col. Lindsa}" Mur- doch. (Also known as Fremont Rangers Battalion.) Carondelet Company, United States Reserve Corps, commanded bv Capt. Henry Nagel. (Also known as United States Reserve Corps, Independent Company A; )>ecame Company F, Fifth Infantry- Regi- ment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service.) Cass Countv Company, commanded by Capt. Aaron Thomas. Christian Countv. (See Greene and (Christian Counties organization.) Clinton County Company, commanded ])y Capt. William A. Edgar. Clinton County Company, conunanded by Capt. Hugh L. W. Rogers. Cole County Regiment, commanded l)y Col. Allen P. Richardson. (First United States Reserve Corps. Home Guards.) Dade Coiuitv Company, commanded ))y Capt. Theodore A. Switzler. (Also known as Fremont Rangers.) ORGANIZATIONS IN U. S. SERVICE. 225 Dallas County Battalion, commanded by Col. William B. Edwards. De Soto Company, commanded b}^ Capt. Allen Cook, (Also known as Jefferson Count}' Compan3\) Douglas County Compan}" (cavahy), commanded by Capt. John S. Upsbaw. Franklin County Battalion, conmianded by Maj. William C. Inks. (Pacitic City Battalion.) Franklin County Battalion, Reserve Corps, commanded by Col. James W. Owens. Fremont Rangers, Independent Compan}', conunanded b}- Capt. Wil- liam J. Budd. Fremont Rangers Battalion. (Cape Girardeau Battalion.) Fremont Rangers. (Dade County Company.) Gasconade County Battalion, commanded by Lieut. Col. Julius Hundhausen. Gasconade County Battalion, conunanded by Col. James A. Matthews. Gentry County Battalion, commanded by Col. Manlove Cranor. German Battalion. (Benton County Battalion.) Greene County Company, commanded b}- Capt. Colley B. Holland. Greene and Christian Counties organization, consisting of 14 companiesN commanded by Col. John S. Phelps. • Harrison County Regiment, commanded by Col. Henry O. Nevill. Hickor}' County Battalion, commanded by Maj. J. B. Hastain. Jefferson Coimty Company. (De Soto Company.) Johnson Count}' Regiment, conuuanded by Col. James D. Eads.'' Johnson County Company, commanded by Capt. John P. McCluney. Knox County Regiment. (Second Regiment, Northeast Missouri Home Guards.) Lawrence County Battalion, commanded by Col. James C. Martin. Lawrence County Cavalry Company, commanded by Capt. Peter F. Clark. Lawrence County Company. (Stone Prairie Company.) Lexington County Company, conmianded by Capt. Frederick R. Neet. (Company K, Fourteenth Battalion, Home Guards.) Linn County Company, commanded by Capt. Robert McCollum. Linn County Company. (Brookiield Companj-.) Livingston County Company, conmianded by Capt. Peter Sutlifl'. Marion County organization, consisting of Company A, commanded by Capt. Joseph Loomis, and Company B, commanded by Capt. Louis Souther.** Missouri Reserve Corps, Independent Company A. (Brookiield Com- pany.) Moniteau County Compan}-, commanded by Capt. John F. Pothoft'. Nodawav County Battalion, commanded by Col. William J. W. Bickett. Osage County Battalion, commanded by Maj. Chesley Glover. Osage Count}' Company B, Independent, commanded by Capt. John B. Cooper. ''Only the field and Mtaff of this regiment were paid l)y the Hawkins Taylor Com- mission. The regiment became the Twenty-seventh Mounted Infantry, three years' volunteers. ''It appears that there were four companies organized imder the command of Maj. Josiah Hunt, but Only Companies A and B were paid by the Hawkins Taylor Commission. Companies C and D became Companies D and C, respectively, of the Twenty-second Infantry Battalion, three years' volunteers. S. Doc. 412 15 226 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. Osage and Hickory County organization, consisting of IT companies, eonimandod l)y Col. Josepli \V. McClurg. Ozark County Company, conmianded by Capt. W. F. Martindale. Ozark County Company. United States Reserve Corps Cavalry, com- manded l)y Capt. Thomas B. S. Stone. (Also known as United States Reserve Corps, Company A. Ozark County.) Pacitic City Battalion, (See Franklin County Battalion.) Pettis County Company, connuanded by Capt. William H. Burke. Pettis County Company, commanded by Capt. John P. Thatcher. Pettis County Detachment, Companv A, commanded by Capt. Samuel Montgomery. Phelps t'ounty Company, commanded by Capt. William Wenzel. Phelps County Company, commanded by Capt. John W. Bennight. Pike County Battalion, commanded by Col. George W. Anderson. Pilot Knob Company, commanded by Capt. Ferdinand Schmitz. Polk County Battalion. (Fifteenth United States Reserve Corps.) Potosi County Compau}', connuanded l^y Capt. George R. French. Putnam County Compau}-, connuanded by Capt. James G. Gyles. Putnam County Company, commanded l)y Capt. Hugh Rol)erts. Putnam County Company, commanded by Capt. William H. Bogle. Putnam County Company, commanded by Capt. Sylvester S. Collins. Putnau-i County Company. (Shawneetown Company.) Schuyler County Company, commanded by Capt. William H. Bolander. Scott County Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, commanded b}^ Maj. Daniel Abbey. Scouts and Guides, Independent Companv, commanded bv Capt. Wil- liam J. Budd.'' Shawneetown Company, commanded by Capt. James Ewing. (See Putnam County Company.) Shelby County Conijmny, United States Reserve Corps, connuanded by Capt. Joseph H. Fojiuan. Shibley's Point Company, commanded by Capt. Jacob R. Cook. (See Adair County Company.) Shoal Creek Rangers, commanded by Capt. James R. Murphy. (See Caldwell County Independent Company.) Spies, Scouts, and Messengers, Independent Company, commanded by Capt. John M. Richardson.''' St, Charles County Regiment, commanded l^y Col. Arnold Krekel. Stone Count}^ Battalion, commanded by Col. Asa G. Smith. Stone County Companv, Independent, connuanded T)y Capt. James M. Moore. Stone Prairie Company, commanded by Capt, John Sexton. (Also known as Lawrence County Company.) Sullivan County Company, commanded by Capt. Victor Doze. Sullivan County Company, commanded by Capt, James W. Cooper. Sullivan County Company, commanded by Capt. William S. Meals. Sullivan County Company, commanded by Capt, Aaron P. Connaughty. Union Home Guards. (First United States Reserve Cori)s.) United States Reserve Corps, Independent Company A. (Carondelet Company.) United States Reserve Corps Cavalry, Company A, Ozark County. (Ozark County Company.) Webster County Battalion, commanded by Col. Noah H. Hampton. "Though not Home Guards, this company was jiaid on the report of the Hawkins Taylor Commission. LIST OF MISSOURI ORGANIZATIONS OF MILITIA, Oil [ZEN GUARDS. AND MARINE CORPS NOT IN THE MILITARY SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES.' SIX months' militia.'' First Battalion (Albin\s). Second Battalion (Cox's). Third Regiment (Dallnieyer's). Third Battalion (Joseph's). Fourth Regiment (Simpson's). Fourth Battalion (Thompson's). Fifth Regiment (Fagg's), Sixth Regiment (Cranor's). Sixth Battalion (Burris's). Seventh Battalion (Harri.son County). Albin's Battalion. (Also known as First Battalion.) Brewer's Independent Company. (Attached to Simpson's Regiment.) Burris's Battalion. (Also known as Sixth Battalion.) Castleman's Independent Company. (Attached to Washington County Battalion.) Cox's Battalion. (Also known as Second Battalion.) Cochran's Independent Company C. Cranor's Regiment. (Also known as Sixth Regiment.) Dallmeyer's Regiment. (Also known as Third Regiment.) Fagg's Regiment. (Also known as Fifth Regiment.) Fen wick's Independent Company. (Attached to Simpson's Regiment.) Grundy County Battalion, commanded by Lieut. Col. Walter King. Harrison County Battalion, commanded by Maj. J. W. Caseboth. (Also known as Seventh Battalion.) James's Battalion. Joseph's Battalion. (Also known as Third Battalion.) Kimball's Regiment. Leg's Independent Compan3^ Man's Independent Compan3^ ''This list was compiled from the official reports of the adjutant-general of the State of Missouri, the records of the War Department, and the rolls filed in the office of the Auditor for the War Department upon which the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred in the organization and maintenance of its militia. Although based upon such data as are accessible to the War Department, it is possible that it does not include some organizations that were in the State service, and it is known that it does not include some organizations of Citizen and Home Guards which were not recognized either as militia of the State or as in the service of the United States. The records of these organizations are very meager, especially of those formed in 1861 which were not paid through the agency of the Hawkins Taylor Commission. ''The rolls upon which the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred are filed in the office of the Auditor for the War Department. 227 228 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION Meiver County Battalion, commanded by Lieut. Col. James J.Clark. Murdock's Independent Compun\\ Rice's Independent Compan3\ Lig-ht Artillery. (Attached to Fagg-.s Regiment.) Richardson's Battalion. Simpson's RegimiMit. (Also known as Fourth Regiment.) Thompson's Battalion, (Also known as Fourth Battalion.) Turley's Independent Company. Washington County Battalion, commanded b}' Lieut. Col. F. B. Elmer. Wayne County Cavalry Company, commanded b\^ Capt. P. L. Powers. ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA.'' First Regiment.'' First St. Louis County Cavalry Battalion. Second to Thirteenth Regiment, inclusive. Sixteenth and Seventeenth regiments. Nineteenth and Twentieth regiments. Twenty-second to Twenty-fourth Regiment, inclusive. Twenty-tit'th Regiment, including an attached battalion of 3 addi- tional companies. Twenty-sixth Regiment. Twenty-seventh Regiment, including an additional attached company. Twenty-eighth Regiment, including an attached battalion of '2 addi- tional companies. Twenty-ninth to Thirty-ninth Regiment, inclusive. Fortieth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 3 additional companies. Forty-tirst and Fortv-second regiments. Forty-third Regiment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional companies. Forty-fourth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional f companies. Forty-fifth to Fifty-ninth Regiment, inclusive. Sixtieth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional companies. Sixtj'-first and Sixty-second regiments. Sixty-third Regiment, including an additional attached company. "' Sixty-fourth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional companies. Sixty-fifth to Sixty-eighth Regiment, inclusive. Sixty-ninth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional companies. Seventieth Regiment. Seventy-first Regiment, including an attached battalion of 5 additional companies. Seventy-second and Sevent3''-thii*d regiments. Seventy-fourth Regiment, includingan attached battalion of 2 additional companies. SeventA^-fifth to Eighty-ninth Regiment, inclusive. " The rolls upon which the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred are filed in tlie otlice of the Auditor for the AVar Dei^artnient. '' Three companies of the First Regiment were mustered into the United States service in 1S(>4 for thirty days. "=Four companies of the Sixty-third Regiment were mustered into the United States service in 1864 for thirty days. ORGA.NIZATIONS NOT IIST LT. S. SERVICE. 229 AUensville Company (unattached), commanded In^Capt. David Fouts. Andrew County Battalion (name of battalion commander not ascer- tained). Bollinger County Companj^ (unattached), commanded by Capt, John R. Cochran. Bollinger County Company (unattached), commanded 1)}^ Capt. James Johnson. Bollinger Countv Conipanv (unattached), commanded bv Capt. George W. Reynold. "^ " Bollinger County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. James Rogers. Buchanan County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. G. E. Landry. Buchanan County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. William Randall. Callawav County Company (unattached), commanded bv Capt. Hiram Cornell. Callaway County Company (unattached), originally commanded by Capt. William T. Snell, subsequently by Capt. Isaac T. Snedecor. Cass County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. Alexander Robinson. Clay County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. John W. Younger. Howard County Battalion, commanded by Maj. Benjamin Reeves. Independence Company A, Home Guards, commanded by Capt. Peter Hinter. Independence Company A, Citizen Home Guards, commanded by Capt. Peter Hinter. Independence Company B, Citizen Home Guards, conunandcd l\y Capt. Francis Little. Independence Company, commanded by First Lieut. William N. O. Monroe. (Also known as Wavne City Independent Company.) Iron Countv Company (unattached), conmianded by Capt. Joseph Wilson. Iron ^lountain Railroad Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. John Buchanan. Iron ^Mountain Railroad Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. Phineas J. Warren. Maries County Company (unattached), commanded ])y Capt. John M. Beezley. Maries County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. V. G. Latham. Meramee Iron Works Company, conuuanded l)}^ Lieut. Thomas J. Griffith. (Attached to Sixty -third Regiment.) " Mississippi Countv Battalion, commanded by Col. Henry J. Deal. (Consolidated with the Seventy-ninth Regiment.) Mississippi County Company (unattached), conmianded bj^Capt. Edwin P. Diehl. (Became Company A, Seventy-ninth Regiment.) Mississippi County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. L. W. Pritchett. (Became Company B, Seventy-ninth Regiment.) Montgomery's Company (unattached). New Madrid County Company (unattached), commanded ))y Capt. H. A. Applegate. New Madrid County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. Samuel Coleman. 280 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. Pike County Battalion (name of battalion commander not ascertained). Platte Count}' Company Railroad Guards (luiattached), commanded by i\ Capt. flohn S, KellotJg-. ™ Randolpii County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. John A. Hix. Randolph Count}^ Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. Silas Rice. Rayenna Battalion, commanded by Capt. John O. Williams. (Attached to Forty-fourth Regiment). St. Louis County Company (unattached), City Post Band, commanded l)y Capt. Frank Boehm. St. Louis County Company (unattached), Corps of Detectiyes, com- manded by Capt. George Deagle. St. Louis County Company (unattached). Old Guard, commanded by Capt. N. H. Clark. St. Louis County Compan}^ (unattached), cayalry, commanded l)y Capt. Frederick Walter. St. Louis Police Battalion, commanded by Maj. J. E. D. Couzens. Scott County Company (unattached), commanded b}' Capt. James T. Anderson. Scott County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt.^^'illiam W. Campbell. Scott County Company (unattached), conmianded b}' Capt. Samuel Tanner. Wayne City Independent Company, Independence Compan3% com- manded by First Lieut. William N. O. Monroe. PROyiSIONAL ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA." [Organized under authority of the governor of the State, dated February 3, 1863.] First to Eleyenth Regiment, inclusiye.'' Company D, Twenty -sixth Regiment. PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MILITIA. [Organized under General Orders, No. 107, headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated June 28, 1804.] -i Anderson's Company. Babcoke's Compan3\ Baker's Company. Baskins's Company. Beden's (Company. Bingham's Company. Bollinger's Company. Boyd's C()m])any. Bray'.'^ Con!{)any. Brown's Company. Carrothers's Company. Castor's Company. Dawson's Company (originally ]McCaslen's). Day's Company. Dietrich's Compaii} . ''The rolls upon wliich the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred are filed in the office of the Auditor for the "War Department. * -~' ''The Sixth and Seventh regiments were mustered ,into the service of the United States for the ])eriod of twenty months, and became the Sixteenth and Fifteenth regiments, Missouri Cavalry, respectively. ORGANIZATIONS NOT IN U. S. SERVICE. 231 Ferguson's Co'mpan}'. Filson\s Company. Fink's Compan3\ Foster's C()mpan3\ / Frazer's Company. Gaddy's Company. Garth's Company. Gatzweller's Company. Green's Compan3^ Hale's Company. Harris's Company, commanded by Capt.^A. J. Harris. Harris's Company, commanded by Capt.^ohn A. Harris. Hart's Company. Hartwig-'s Compan}^ (artillery). Holland's Company. Hoover's Company. Hume's Company. Johnson's Company, commanded by Capt. Abraham Johnson. Johnson's Company, commanded by Capt. Henry D. Johnson. Kenclrick's Company. Legg's Compan}". Lennon's Company. Long's Compan}'. Mace's Compan3\ McCaslen's Company (finally Dawson's). McNeill's Compan3^ McNutt's Company. Major's Company'. Mason's Company. Ma3"o's Compan3^ Miller's Compan\\ Morehouse's Compan3\ Morris's Compan3\ Newman's Company. Pabr.er's Compan\^. Parpam's Compan3". Finger's Company. Pwiehaus's Compan3^ Rallston's Compan3\ Real's Compan3". Renshaw's Compan3\ . Schelsk3 's Compan3^ Shoem:\ ker's Compan3^ Spickard's Compan3\ Steines's (Jompan3". Wehde's Compan3^ Winters's Compan3^ MISSOURI MILITIA.'' [Organized under General Orders, No. 3, headquarters State of Missouri, dated January 30, 18(i5.] Audrain Count3" Company, commanded hv First Lieut. John L. ^Mitchell. Babcoke's Company. " The rolls upon whicli the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred are filed in the office of the Auditor for the War Department. 232 MISSOUKI TROOPS FNION. Bates County Company, oouinianded b_y First Lieut. John Atkinson. B(Miton Count}' Company, conuuiinded by First Liout. Jolm Cosorove. Bollinger County Company, connuanded by Capt. flolin R. Cochran. lV>one County Comi)aiiy. commanded by Cai)t. Heiu-y N. Cook. Boone County Platoon, conunanded by First Lieut. D. P. ,]. Dozier. Bridges North Missouri Knilroad Company, conunanded by Capt. Luman A\'. Story. Callaway County Compan}-, commanded ))y First Lieut. William IL Thomas. Camden County Company, conunanded ))y Capt. Henry G. Bollinger. Cape Girardeau County Company, connuanded by Capt. P^zra King. Carroll and Livingston Counties Company, commanded ])y First Lieut. Daniel Hoover. Cass County Company, commanded by First Lieut. Joseph Burk. Chariton County Company, connuanded by Capt. Peter II. Dolman. Christian Coiuity Company, connuanded by First Lieut. T. J. Gideon. Clay County Company, conunanded h\ Capt. Rol)ert jVIcMillan. Clay and Clinton Counties Company', commanded ])y Capt. John W. Young-er. Cooper County Company, commanded by Cai)t. George Miller. Cooper and Moniteau Counties Company, connuanded by Capt. John B. Calhoun. Crawford County Compan3% commanded by Capt. N. G. Clark. Dent County Company, conmianded l)y Capt. G. A. Kenamore. Dunklin County Company, commanded by First Lieut. William L. White. Henry and Bates Counties Compan3% commanded by Capt. William Weayer. Howard County Company, conmianded by Cai)t. William R. Forbes. Howard County Company, conunanded by Capt. AVarren AV. Harris. Jackson County Company, commanded l)y Capt. William S. Smith. Jasper County Company, conunanded by First Lieut. Lyman J. Burch. plohnson County Company, conunanded l)y Capt. A\'illiam E. Chester. La Fayette County Company, conunanded l)y First Lieut. R. W. P. Mooney. Lincoln County Company, commanded by Capt. John M. Reed. Linn County Company, conmianded by First Lieut. B. F. Carter. Linn County Company, commanded by Capt. Rice Morris. Liyingston County Company, commanded l)y First Lieut. A. J. Boucher. Macon County C'ompany, command(Hl by First Lieut. Robert Dayis. Miller County Company, commanded ))y Capt. John P>. Salsman. Mississippi County Company, commanded by Capt. flohn A. Rice. Montgomery and Warren Counties Company, commanded by Capt. S. W. Hopkins. Morgan County Company, commanded by Capt. R. P. Huley. Newton County Company, commanded by First Lieut. Samuel Achord. Osage and Maries Counties Company, commanded ))v Capt. rTanies M. Denni>. Ozark and Douglas Counties Company, commanded t)v Capt. Charles K. Ford. Pacitic Railroad Company, commanded by Capt. H. P. Dow. Perry County Company, commanded b}' Capt. Hiram Minor. ORGANIZATIONS NOT IN U. S. SERVICE. 233 Petti.s County Company, commanded by Capt. II. C. Donnohuc. Pike County Company, commanded by Capt. William Kerr. Platte County Compaiiy, commanded by Firt^st Lieut. Franklin Luthey. Pulaski and Texas Counties Company, commanded ))v Capt. Kichard ]\iurphy. Ralls. 5lonroe, and Marion Counties Compan}-, commanded b\' First Lieut. Henry C. Gentry. Kandolpli County Company, conmianded l)y Capt. Alexander Denny. Randolph Count}' Company-, commanded by Capt. Charles F. Ma^'o. Rav and Caldwell Counties Compan}^ commanded by Capt. Clayton tiffin. St. Clair County Company, conmianded hx Capt. Benjamin F. Cook. St. Francois County Company, commanded by First Lieut. F. A. Millert. Ste. Geneyieve Count}' Company, commanded h\ First Lieut. Dayid Flood. Saline County Company, commanded by Capt. John S. Grain. Southwest Branch Pacitic Railroad Company, commanded by Capt. Thomas Thomas. Stoddard County Company, commanded by First Lieut. Louis M, Ringer. Stoddard and Dunklin Counties Company, commanded by Capt. J. C. Thompson. Stone County Company, conmianded by Capt. Patrick C. Pierry. Taney County Company, commanded by Capt. William L. Fenex. Wright County Company, commanded by Capt. Thomas K. Paul. MISSOURI MILITIA.'' [Organized under the ordinance of the State Convention of April &, 1865.] First to Third Regiment, inclusiye. First to Third Battalion, inclusiye. Fourth and Fifth regiments. Fifth Battalion. Sixth Regiment. Sixth Battalion. Eighth to Eighty-fouith Regiment, inclusive. Benton Barracks Battalion, commanded l)y Maj. «7ohn W, McHarg. Clark County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt, D. A. Day. Fletcher Guards Company (unattached), conmianded by Capt. S. W. Ham mack. National Guard Regiment of St. Louis, commanded by Col. H. Klein- schmidt. CITIZEN GUARDS.'' First Regiment, Militia Exempts. First Battalion, Militia Exempts. " Rolls of these organizations are donbtless filed in the office of the adjutant-general of the State. None are filed in tlie War Department or in the office of the Auditor for the War Department. •^The rolls of the few organizations of Citizen Guards mentioned in this list that were recognized and paid Ijy the State, and for which the State was reimbursed l>y the United States, are tiled in the otiice of the Auditor for the War Dej)artment, as are also those of the few companies (Hickman ^lills Companies, Kansas City Station Guards and Westport Police (iuards) that were paiil through special legislation l»y Congress. Such rolls as are known to Ije in existence, of the organizations not jiaid either by the State or the United States, are filed in the War Department. 234 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. Second Rog'iment, Militia Exempts. Second pjattalion, Militia Exempts (colored). Third Regiment, Militia Exempts. Third Battalion. Militia Exempts (unorganized)." Fourth Iveoimcnt, Militia Exempts. Fifth Regiment, Militia Exempts. Allen's Company. Asher's Company. Baker's Compan}-. Baldwin's Compan}'. Bale's Compan3^ Beaty's Company (Carroll County (iuards). Beesle^y 's C^ompany . * Berry's Company. Berry man's Compan}^ Birchtield's Compan^^ Black's Company. Bogard Guards (Wells's Company). Brown's ( -ompany, commanded by Capt. James H. Brown. Brown's Compan\', commanded by Capt. Josiah Brown. Burkler's Company. Calhoun Guaixls (Squire's Company). Carroll County Guards (Beaty's Compaii}'). Cavness's Company. Cleveland's Company. Cole's Company. Cope nha v er's Company. Davis's Company. Deegan's Company. Derrick's Company. Devinny's Company. Dillon's Company. Donnohue's Compan}". Dorman's Company. Eaton's Company."' pjllis's Company. Eneberg's Company. Ewing's Company. Fisher's Company.'' Foster's Company. Freeman's Compan}'. Good's Company. Gorrell's Company. Gould's Company. Grayson's Company. Grover's Company. "^ Harrison's Comptiny." Harrisonville Company, commanded ])y Capt. Alexander Robinson.^ Harrisonville Compan}^, commanded bv Capt. Elias P. West.^ ^Organization not confinned. •^ There i.« official evidence that tliis company was .in existence, but no rolls of the organization luive l)een found. "^ Recognized bv State authorities as an independent company, Enrolled [Missouri Militia. '' i\ecognized by State authorities as Company K, Seventy-seventli Enrolled Missouri ^lilitia. ORGANIZATIONS NOT IN U. S. SERVICE. 235 Hattoii'.s Compan3^ Hajis's Company. Heismeir's Compan}-. Henderson's Company. Hickman Mills Company, commanded by First Lieut, Jacob Axline. Hickman Mills Company of Mounted Men, commanded by Capt. David Tate. Hoge\s Company. Hollanbeck's Compan3\ Holt's Company. Hudson's Company. Independence Company A, Home Guard, Enrolled Missouri Militia, commanded by Capt. Peter Hinter.'' Independence Company A, Citizen Home Guards, commanded by Capt. Peter Hinter.'' Independence Company B, Citizen Home Guards, Missouri Militia, commanded by Capt. Francis Little. *" Independence Company, commanded by First Lieut. William N. O. Monroe. (Also known as Wayne City Independent Company.)'' Isrigg-'s Company.'' Jennings's Company, commanded by Capt. Jesse Jennings. Jennings's Company, commanded by Capt. William Jennings. Johnson's Company. Jones's Company, commanded by Capt. Daniel S. Jones. Jones's Company, commanded by Capt. James M. Jones. Kansas City Guards (Militia), "^ Company E, commanded by Capt. Peter Causey. Kansas City Station Guards, Company A, commanded by Capt. Caleb A. Carpenter. Kansas City Station Guards, Company A (Independent), commanded by Capt. Caleb A. Carpenter. Kansas City Station Guards, Company B, Missouri State INIilitia, commanded by Capt. James Hickman. Kansas City Station Guards, Company B, commanded by Capt. Ruf us Montgall. Kansas Cit}" Station Guards, Company C, commanded by Capt, Jesse P. Alexander. Kansas City Station Guards, Companv D, commanded by First Lieut. William J. Gault. Kansas City Station Guards, Company D, commanded by Capt. B. F. Newgent. Kansas City Station Guards, Company D, commanded by Capt. B. L. Higgins. Kansas City Station Guards, Compan}^ E, commanded by Capt. William O. Shouse. Key's Company. "^ Kirby's Company. Lower's Company. McBride's Company. McMahan's Company. Mahnken's Company. Martin's Company. "■Recognized by State authorities as an independent company, Enrolled Missouri Militia. * Organization not confirmed. 236 MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION. Middleton's Compaiij^* Miller's Company. B, Jefferson City Citizens' Guard, Mitcheirs Company, commanded by Capt. E. G. Mitchell. Mitcheirs Company, commanded by Capt. William A. Mitchell. MizelTs Company. Morgan's Company. Murray's Company, commanded b}^ Capt. W. V. Murra}'. Murray's Compan}-, commanded by Capt. William W. Murray. Norris's Company. Parazett's Company. Parker's Company. Jj Pitts's Company. 1 Pleasant Hill Compan}^, commanded by Capt. Andrew Allen.'' Porter's Company. Potter's Company, commanded b}^ Capt. James M. Potter. || Potter's Company, commanded by Capt. Thomas P. Potter. ' Preston's Company. Price's Company. Peeves's Company. "^ Robinson's Company. 1 Samples's Compan}-. ll Seaton's Company. Smith's Company.'' Sorrell's Company. Squires's Company (Calhoun Guards). Stark's Company. Stemons's Company. Taggart's Company. Thompson's Company. Tinken's Company. Turner's Company. Tutt's Compan3\ Tyre's Com pany . '' Walde's Company. Wall's Company. Ward's Company. Wear's Company. AVehde's Company. Wells's Company (Bogard Guards). Westport Police Guard, commanded by Capt. William A. Be vis. Whelchel's Company. Whitaker's Compan}'. Williams's Compan}-. Yancy's Company. Zeiler's Company. MARINE CORPS.'' First to Third Compan}-, inclusive. "Organization not confirmed. ''Recognized by State authorities aa Company I, Seventy -seventh Enrolled Mis- souri Militia. "The rolls of the Marine Corj^s are filed in the War Depai'tment, l»ut the rolls upon which payment was made by the Quartermaster's Deimrtment are filed in the office of the Auditor for tlie \Yar Department. CONFEDERATE ORGANIZATIONS. INTRODl'CTORY REMARKS. In order that the status of the Missouri troops in the service of the State and of the Confederate States daring the civil war may be fully understood, it appears to be necessary to advert to the political rela- tions of the State as maintained b}^ the State government in athliation with the Confederate States as distinguished from the government that represented the State as a member of the Federal Union. That the State legislature in existence at the outbreak of hostilities was opposed to the coercion of the seceding States is shown by joint resolutions adopted at its regular session in February, 1861, in which it was declared to be the opinion of the general assembly that in the event of the invasion of the slave States the people of Missouri would instantly rally in defense of their Southern brethren. Following is a copy of the resolutions: JOINT KESOLUTION ON THE SUBJECT OF COERCION. Whereas, we have learned, with profound regret, that the States of New York and Ohio have recently tendered men and money to the President of the United States for the avowed purpose of coercing certain sovereign States of the South which have seceded, or may secede, from the Federal LTnion, into obedience to the Federal Gov- ernment: Therefore, Resolved hy the House of Representatives, the Senate concurr'mg therein, That we regard with the utmost abhorrence the doctrine of coercion as indicated by the action of the States aforesaid, believing that the same would result in civil war, and forever destroy any hope of reconstructing the Federal Union. So believing, we deem it our duty to declare that if there is any invasion of the slave States for the purpose of carrying such doctrine into effect, it is the opinion of this general assembly that the people of Missouri will instantly rally on the side of their Southern brethren, to resist the invaders at all hazards and to the last extremity. Resolved, That the governor of the State be requested to transmit to the governors of New York and Ohio the above resolutions. Approved, February 21, 1861. [Laws of the State of Missouri, Regular Session, Twenty-first General Assembly, p. 773.] In a proclamation dated June 12, 1861, calling the militia into the active sea'vice of the State for the purpose of repelling invasion, and for other purposes, Governor Jackson said of the political relations of the State: In issuing this proclamation I hold it to be my solemn duty to remind you that Missouri is still one of the United States; that the executive department of the State government does not arrogate to itself the power to disturb that relation; that that power has been wisely ves'ted in a convention, which will at the proper time express your sovereign will, and that meanwhile it is your duty to obey all the constitutional requirements of the Federal Government; but it is equally my duty to advise you that your first allegiance is due to your own State, and that you are under no obliga- tion whatever to obey the unconstitutional edicts of the military despotism which has enthroned itself at Washington, nor to submit to the infamous and degrading sway of its wicked minions in this State. [OfRcial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, A"ol. LIII, p. 698.] On August 8, 1861, writing from jNIemphis, Tenn., to Hon. E. C. Cabell, Governor Jackson referred to a "declaration of independence" 239 240 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. issued by him on the 5th of Aug-iist (Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Scries I, Vol. Ill, p. G'-id). No official record of this proclamation has been discovered, Imt it is published in Moore's ''llel)elli()n Record;"' and as itg'ivesat length theAMCAVs of the oovornor as to the i)()litical status of the State and his reasons and authority for declaring- it a "sovereiu-n, free, and indepiMident republic," with full power to levy war, contract alliances, and " do ail other acts and things which independent States may of rig-ht do,"' it is here (pioted in full: III the exercise of the right reHerve' inva- sion by the United States and to authorize the admission of the State as a member of the Confederate States of America. The act also pro- vided for an alliance, offensive and defensive, between the Confederate States and the State of Missouri, as a preliminary to the admission of the State as a member of the Confederacy. That portion of the act relating to admission and the proposed alliance is here quoted: AN ACT to t\U\ the State of Missouri in repelling invasion by tlie United States, and to authorize the admission of said State as a member of the Confederate States of Amerioa, and for other purposes. ******* Sec. 2. That t!ie State of ^Missouri shall be admitted a member of the Confederate States of America, upon an equal footing with the other States, under the constitu- tion for the provisional government of the same, upon the condition that the said con- stitution for tlie provisional government of the Confederate States shall ])e ado])ted and ratified by the properly and legally constituted authorities of said State; and the governor of said State shall transmit to the President of the Confederate States an authentic copy of the proceedings touching said adoption and ratification l_\v said State of said provisional constitution; upon the receipt whereof the President, by procla- mation, shall announce the fact; whei'eujion and without any further proceedings upon the i>art of Congress the admission of said State of ^Missouri into this confed- eracy under said constitution for the provisional government of the Confederate States shall be considered as complete; and the laws of this Confederacy shall be thereby extended over said State of Missouri as fully and completely as over other States now composing the same. Sec. 3. That the Congress of the Confederate States recognize the government of which Claiborne F. Jackson is the chief magistrate to be the legally elected and reg- ularly constituted government of the people and State of Missouri, and that the President of the Confederate States be, and he is hereby, empowered, at his discre- tion, at any time prior to the admission of said State as a member of this Confed- eracy, to perfect and proclaim an alliance, offensive and defensive, with the said government, limitearty, has wantonly violated the compact originally made between said Government and the State of Missouri by invading with hostile armies the soil of the State, attacking and making prisoners the militia whilst legally assembled under the State laws, forcibly occupying the State capitol and attempting through the instrumentality of domestic traitors to usurp the government, seizing and destroying private proi^erty, and murdering with fiendish malignity peaceable 244 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. citizens, men, women, and children, together with other acts of atrocity, indicating a deep-settled hostility toward the people of JVIissouri and their institutions; and Whereas, the present Administration of the Ciovernment of the United States has utterly ignored tlie Constitution, subverted the (iovernment as constructed and intended by its makers, and established a despotic and arbitrary power instead thereof: Now, therefore. Be it enacted b;/ the general assembh/ of the State of Mif1, declared itself opposed to the coercion of the .secedino- States. It is now pro- posed to narrate some other events precedino- the organization of the Missouri State Guard, the military force called into the service of the State prior to the act of admission to the Confederacy, and which had an organized existence for some time subse(iuent to that event. On April 17. ls61. the Governor of Missouri declined to furnish the State's quota of 75.000 militia called for by the President of the United States, declaring the requisition to be "'illegal, unconstitutional, and revolutionary in its object, inhuman and diabolical,"' and that "not one man" would be furnished by the State of Missouri to carry on the proposed unholy crusade against the people of the seceded States. (Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III^ Vol. I, p. 82.) On April 20, 1861, the United States ordnance depot at Li])erty, Mo., was seized by armed men from the adjacent counties (Ibid., Series I, Vol. 1, p. 649). and on May 4 the ordnance stores at Kansas City were taken by force. On May 6. 1861, the State militia force of St. Louis County went into camp at Camp Jackson, in the city of St. Louis, and on the 10th of May the troops forming the encampment were surrendered as pris- oners of war to the United States forces under Capt. (subsequently Brig. Gen.) Nathaniel Lyon, commanding the United States arsenal at St. Louis, The preliminary correspondence between General Frost, commanding the State militia, and Captain Lyon on the sul)ject of the surrender was as follows: Headquarters Camp Jackson, Missouri Militia, Ma;/ 10, 1861. Capt. N. Lyon, Commanding United Stales Troops in and about St. Louis Arsenal Sir: I am oonstantly in receipt of information that you contemplate an attack upon my camj), ^vllils"t I understand that you are impressed with tlie idea tluit an attack upon the arsenal and United States troops is intended on the jtart of the militia of ]Missouri. I am greatly at a loss to know what could justify you in attacking citi- zens of the United States who are in the lawful perfoiinance of duties devolving upon them under the Constitution in organizing and instructing the militia of the State in obedience to her laws, and therefore have l)een disposed to doubt the cor- rectness of the information I have received. I would l)e glad to know from you jiersonally whether there is any truth in the statements tliat are constantly i)Ou"red into my ears. So far as regards any hostility being intended toward the I'nited States or "its property or representative.^ by any portion of my command, or, as far as I can learn (and I think I am fully informed), of any other" part of the State forces, I can .«ay positively that the idea has never been entertained. On the contrary, prior to your taking connnand of tiie arsenal, I proffered to Major Bell, then in lonimand of the very few troops constituting its guard, 246 STATE GUARD. 247 the services of myself and all my command, and, if necessary, the whole power of the State, to protect the United States in the full possession of all her property. Upon General Harney's taking command of this department I made the same prof- fer of services to him, and authorized his adjutant-general, Captain Williams, to com- municate the fact that such had been done to the War Department. I have had no occasion since to change any of the views I entertained at that time, neither of my own volition nor through the orders of my constitutional commander. I trust that, after this explicit statement, we may be able, by fally understanding each other, to keep far from our borders the misfortunes which so unhappily afflict our common country. This comnuinication will be handed to you by Colonel Bowen, my chief of staff, who will be able to explain anything not fully set forth in the foregoing. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. M. Frost, Brkjadler- General, Coinimindlng Camp Jackson, Missouri Volunteer Militia. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series II, Vol. I, p. 109.] Headqu.vrters United States Troops, St. Louis, Mo., May 10, 1S61. General D. M. Frost, Commanrling Camp .Tack.wn. Sir: Your command is regarded as evidently hostile toward the Government of the United States. It is, for the most part, made up of those secessionists who have openly avowed their hostility to the General Government, and have been plotting at the seizure of its property and the overthrow of its authority. You are openly in conmiunication with the so-called Southern Confederacy, which is now at war with the United States, and you are receiving at your camp from the said Confederacy and under its flag large supplies of the material of war, most of which is known to be the property of the United States. These extraordinary preparations plainly indicate none other than the well-known purpose of the governor of this State, under whose orders you are acting, and whose purposes, recently communicated to the legislature, have just been responded to by that body in the most unparalleled legislation, having in direct view hostilities to the General Government and cooperation with its enemies. In view of these considerations, and of your failure to disperse in obedience to the proclamation of the President, and of the eminent necessities of State policy and wel- fare, and the obligations imposed upon me by instructions from Washington, it is my duty to demand, and I do hereby demand, of you an immediate surrender of your command, with no other conditions tlian that all persons surrendering under this demand shall be humanely and kindly treated. Believing myself prepared to enforce this demand, one-half hour's time before doing so will be allowed for your compli- ance therewith. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, N. LvoN, Captain, Second Infantrt/, Commanding IVoops. [Ibid., p. 110.] A copy of the reph- of General Frost to Captain Lyon's demand for the surrender of the camp is embodied in a letter from the former to Brig-. Gen. William S. Harney, commanding the United States Depart- ment of the West, dated May 11, 1861, in which General Frost referred at some length to the object of the encampment and its purpose with reference to the United States property at the St. Louis Arsenal. His letter to General Harney is as follows: St. Louis Arsenal, Mo., Mai/ 11, 1861. General William S. Harney, United States Army, Commanding Department of the West. Sir: In accordance with the laws of the State of Missouri which have been existing for some years and in obedience to the orders of the governor, on Monday last [Mon- day, May 6, 1861] I entered into an encampment with the militia force of St. Louis (,'ounty for the purpose of instructing the same in accordance with the laws of the United States and of this State. Every officer and soldier in my command had taken with uplifted hand the following oath^ to wit: "You, each and every one of you, do solemnly swear that you will honestly and faithfully serve th^ State of Missouri against all her enemies, and that you will do 248 MISSOTTRI TROOPS — rONB'EDP:RATP:. your utmost to sustain the Constitution and laws of tlic Tnited States and of this State atjainst all violence of whatsoever kind or descrij)tion; and you do further swear that you will well and truly execute and obey the legal orders of all oliicers proi)er!y ))Uu'ed over you whilst on «luty, so heli> you (iod." Whilst in the peaceable performance of the duties devolved upon me and my com- mand under these laws, my encampment was yesterday surroundeil by an over- whelmiuii- force of armed men, actini,'' ■lUider tlic command of ('apt. X. Lyon, Second Infantry, Fnited States Army, and called ujidu by liim through a written command accompanying this. To which communication I replie J.\cKsox, Mo., Mail 10, 1S61. "Capt. N. Lyon, Commanding United States Troops. •'Sir: I never for a moment having conceived the idea that so illegal and uncon- stitutional a demand as I have just received from you would be made by an officer of the United States Army, I am wholly unprejiared to defend my conmiand from this unwarranted attack, and shall therefore be forced to comply with your demand. " I am, sir, very respectfullv, vour o])edient servant, "D. M. Frost, "Brigadier-General, Covtmai/ding Can)p Jackson, Missouri Volwiteer Militia." i\Iy command was in accordance with the above deprived of their arms and sur- rendered into the hands of Captain Lyon. After which, whilst thus disarmed and surrouncied, a fire was opened upon a portion of it by his troops and a number of my men put to death, together with several innocent lookers-on — men, women, and chil- dren. My command was then marched as prisoners of war in trium})h to this place. I am now informed, as I was at the time of the surrender, by the captain, that my command may be released upon the officers and men giving their parole "not to take up arms or to serve in a military capacity against the United States during the pres- ent civil war." Against the whole proceeding of Captain Lyon as well as against the terms of release I most earnestly protest, for the following reasons: That, in addition to the obligation of loyalty which rests upon every citizen, every man of my command now held as a prisoner has voluntarily taken an oath to sustain the Constitution and laws of the United States. That when my camp was attacked in this unwarrantable manner and during the previous days of its existence the only flags that floateil there were those of the United States with all the stars, and its fellow bearing alone tlie coat of arms of the State of Missouri. That, in addition to all this, on the morning before this attack was made 1 addressed to Captain Lyon a communication informing him of the i)roffer of services I had pre- viously made of myself and of all my connnand, and if necessary the whole power of the State of ^Missouri, to protect the United States property, and assuring him that I had in no respect changed those views or opinions, either of my own volition or through any orders emanating from my constitutional commander. Under all these circumstances I appeal to you as the chief representative of the Uniteut that }-ou will order our restoration to the liberties of which we have lieen illegally dejirived, as well as of the property of the State and individuals, as the larger portion of the e(]uip- nients hav' li.'en purchased with the private funds of the individuals of my t'om- mand, both othcers ane designated the "Missouri State Guard," it provided for the organization of "Home Guards" for local service, and prohibited the formation of "armed clubs" or other military organizations except as provided by the terms of the act. 252 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. Such portions of the oiiactnieiit :is are necessary for the pui'i)oses of this paper, omitting unnecessary details, are (juoted ])el<)w: AN ACT to provide for the organization, governnu'iit, ami support of tlie military forces of the State of Missouri. Be it enacted b>/ tlie general asiiemblii of the State nf Missouri nsfnlhurx: MILITARY nit^TKICTS. Section 1. All able-bctdied free white male inhabitants of the State of Missouri between the ages of 18 and 45 years who shall be enrolled or liable to military duty under the provisions of this act shall constitute, be known, and designated as the "3Iissouri State (Tiiard;" and the State of ^Missouri is hereby divided into nine mili- tary districts and divisions, as follows, viz: Sec 12. It shall be the duty of the governor to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, to appoint the following general officers, to wit: One brigadier-general for each military district in the State, who shall command the whole military force therein: Prorided, That the whole number of brigadier- generals in the State shall never exceed nine who shall be in commission at any one time besfdes the governor's staff, and every brigadier-general shall reside in the military district comprising his command; and the brigadier-generals thus appointed shall Iiold their offices until their successors shall be elected and qualified. Sec 13. Whenever in any one military district the numlier of organized companies shall reach twenty-four, there shall be elected a brigadier-general l)y the commis- sioned officers of the line of such district, who shall hold his office during good behavior. COMMANDER IN CHIEF. Sec 16. It shall be the duty of the commander in chief to require that a uniform system of drill, discipline, returns, reports, and accounts is observed throughout the State, and that all commanding officers of districts shall make such reports and returns as will enable him at all times to have exact information of the strength and military condition of all the State forces. COMMANDING OFFICERS OF DISTRICTS^DCTIES AND POWERS. ******* Sec 24. It shall be his duty to report at once to the commander in chief, and also to the governor, any insurrection in or invasion of his district, and until he shall receive special orders in the case from his superiors he shall take such measures to repel the invasion or supjjress the insurrection as are at his command and best cal- .culated to maintain the peace and dignity of the State. ORGANIZATION. Sec 38. All troops mustered into the service of the State, whether the same be volunteers or drafted, shall l)e officially known and designated as the "Missouri State Guard;" and all companies shall l)e known and designated in tiieir respective regi- ments, battalions, or squadrons l)y the letters of the alphabet, l)eginning with the letter "A," but may have special company designations. VOUNTEERS. Sec 39. The active force of the line of the Missouri State (iuard shall, in time of peace, be raised and kept up by voluntary enlistment, which enlistment shall be for a term of seven vears. STATE GUARD. 253 Sec. 40. The companies of infantrj- shall not contain less than 50 nor more than 100 members; of cavalry, not less than 50 nor more than 80; of artillery, not less than 48 nor more than 100. Sec. 41. Whenever an association of individuals shall desire to volunteer as a com- pany, into the military service of the State of ^Missouri, they shall procure, in accord- ance with the preceding section, the number of men inquired for the particular arm to which they wish to attach themselves, all of whom must Vje able-bodied citizens of the State of Missouri and not less than 18 years of age. * * * The members of the association, to the number required by law for ttieir particular arm, having assembled at the time and place specified, the mustering officer will then proceed to muster them into the service of the State in the following manner: Causing each and every individual to hold up his naked right hand he shall administer the fol- lowing oath: "You, each and every one of you, do solemnly swear, or affirm (as the case may be) , that you will bear true allegiance to the State of Missouri, and that you will serve her honestly and faithfully against all her enemies or opposers what- soever; that you will support the constitution of the State of Missouri and observe and obey the orders of the governor of Missouri, and the orders of the officers appointed over you, whilst on duty, according to the rules and articles for the govern- ment of the Missouri State Guard; so help you God." The foregoing oath having been administered to at least 50 members, the nuistering officer will then direct the company to go into an election of one captain, one first, one second, and one third lieutenant; and, presiding over such election, shall appoint three discreet and disin- terested persons to receive and count the ballots in his presence; and no officer shall, at any time, be considered elected unless he shall receive a majority of the votes cast; and no election for company officers shall be valid unless at least 35 legal votes are polled, and each officer elected must accept such election in writing. RECilMENT — HOW COXSTITCTED. Sec. 50. A regiment shall consist of not less than six nor more than eight com- panies of the same arm, but companies of other arms may be attached by order of the commanding officer of district. DIVISION — HOW CONSTITUTED. Sec. 54. The military force, enlisted and enrolled in any one military district, shall constitute a division. ARMY CORPS. Sec. 56. An armj^ corps shall consist only of troojis actually in the field, and may comprise one or more regiments, uniting the different arms of infantry, cavalry, and artillery, with the proper staff corps, thus forming a complete army in itself, and may be composed of a quota of troops from the different military districts, all of whom shall be commanded by the senior officer of the line in the field, the commander in chief in person, or by a brigadier-general specially detailed thereto bv the commander in chief. DIFFERENT CORPS. Sec. 67. Nothing in this act shall be so construed as to deprive any portion of the volunteer forces now organized under the name of "Volunteer Militia of INIissouri," saving and excepting division inspectors, of the rights, privileges, immunities, or rank acquired by them under existing laws; but all companies so organized shall, as quickly as possible, recruit their companies to the legal standard, and in all other respects conform to this law. Sec. 94. It shall be the duty of the auditor of public accounts to set apart and cause to be retained by itself one-twentieth of the general revenue of this State, which shall be and constitute the general military fund of the State, and out of 254 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. which shall be paid the salaries of the adjutant-general, (luartennaster-general, and all other aeeounts retiuired ))y the provisions of this act to be paid, on any account audited bv the military board for the benefit of the Missouri State Guard. BRIXGIXG TROOPS INTO THE FIELD. Sec. 135. Whenever it shall be necessary for the defense of the State, the main- tenance of public tranquillity, the suppression of riot, rebellion, or insurrection, or the repelling of invasion, that the military force of the State, or any part thereof, be called into the field, the commanding officers of districts shall first have recourse to the organized enlisted force in their respective districts (having due regard to the appropriateness of arms to the kind of service required, and giving preference to troops nearest the place of disturbance); and should such organized enlisted force be deemed insufficient for the requirements of the service such commanding officer of the district in which such disturbance may exist shall be authorized to accept the services of a sufficient numl)er of volunteers from the enrolled force of such dis- trict; and should there continue to be an insufficiency of force in the field for the requirements of the service, then the commander in chief may, in his discretion, order the commanding officer of such district to draft from the enrolled force of his district, as shall be hereinafter provided, such number of men as may be required; or the commander in chief may order the organized enlisted force from any other or adjoining distiict to the sujiport and defense of the district wherein such dis- turbance may exist. Si5c. 136. Whenever the necessities of the public may require that troops shall be retained in the field for a longer period than six months, the commander in chief shall first determine the number of troops required for the service, and apportion the same among the military districts, having reference to the enrolled force in each district. He shall then issue his order to the commanding officers of districts, wherein shall be stated the total number of men required, the period for which such troops shall be called into service, the particular arm of the service in which such troops shall be required to serve, and the place and time for general rendez- vous; and the commanding officers of districts shall, immediately upon the reception of such orders from the commander in chief, proceed to raise, organize, and forward to the place of general rendezvous the quota as retjuired in the order of the com- mander in chief; and in order thereto they shall be authorized to accept the services of such persons as may volunteer, first, from the organized enlisted force of their respective districts; second, from the enrolled military force of their respective dis- tricts; and should there be an insufficiency of men to supply the quota required, such commanding officers of districts will at once apportion the deficit of men among the counties comprised in their respective districts, having reference to the enrolled force therein, and proceed to draft from the same as hereinafter provided. And whenever troops shall be called into the field under the provisions of this section, the same shall constitute, be known and designated as a distinct army corps; and the commander in chief may order, at his discretion, by special detail, any one of the connnanding officers of'any military district in the State to the command of such army corps, and relieve such officer at pleasure. And whenever an army corps shall be commanded by any officer of lower rank than the commanding officer of the military district in which such corps may be serving, such officer of such corps shall be subordinate to such commanding officer of such military district and subject to his orders. .\RMED CLUBS PROHIBITED. Sec. 167. It is hereby declared unlawful for any number of the inhal)itants of this State to unite together in the semblance of an armed organization without hav- ing been first duly organized and mustered into the service of the State under the provisions of this act; and whenever it shall come to the knowledge of any officer or soldier of the Missouri State Guard that su^h an armed organization has been or is likely to be attempted, it shall be his duty to immediately notify the command- ing officer of the district in which such organization has been or is to be attempted of the fact, and it shall l)e the duty of the commanding otficer of such district to immediately disarm the same; and to this end he shall have authority to use so much of the military force at his command as will obtain that end; and all arms found in possession of such organization shall he confiscated to the State, and be seized and forwarded to the State arsenal: Pmridcd, That nothing in this section shall be so construed as to prevent the sunnnoning a jiosse comitatus ])y a sheriff or other civil officer to enforce the execution of any civil process. STATE GUARD, 255 HOME GUARD. Sec. 168. The division inspector of the district, or his assistant, may organize, under and according to the provisions of this act, one or more companies of men for a Home Guard, to remain in and perform military service in the county in which *hey are organized, and shall be under the control of the commanding officer of the district. Sec. 169. The county in which such Home Guards shall be raised shall pay all the expenses of such companies. * * * Sec. 170. All white person* over the age of fourteen and under the age of eighteen years (with the consent of their parents, guardians, or masters), and all white persons over the age of forty-tive years, and none others, shall be competent to serve in the Home Guard. , STATE TROOPS — HOW C.\LLED OUT. Sec. 171. The commander in chief shall have power at any time (when the gen- eral assembly is not in session) to call into the active service of the State any num- ber of the State forces that he may deem necessary for the purpose of suppressing insurrection, repelUng invasion, or for the protection of the lives, liberty, or property of any citizens of this State. Sec. 172. If any officer of the State Guard shall willfully fail or refuse to comply with the orders of the connnander in chief, under the foregoing section, such officer shall, on conviction before a court-martial, be cashiered, and otherwise punished by fine or imprisonment, as may be adjudged by such court. * * * ' * * * * SERVICE OUTSIDE OF THE STATE. Sec. 177. "Wheiiever volunteers may be required to serve outside the limits of the State, the preference shall be given to the companies organized under this act; and the commander iii chief shall proclaim the number of companies he requires and the day on which the selection will ))e made; and if on that day more companies have applied than are necessary he shall decide by lot which shall be received of those that' have so volunteered. ******* This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved, May 14, 1861. [Ibid., pp. 3-43.] On the 15th of May special provision was made for the distribution of the militia act. This was done by an act of the assembly of which the following is a copy: AN ACT to provide for the distribution of the militia law. Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Missouri, as follows: Section 1. That the secretary of state is hereby authorized and directed to have 5,000 copies of the act to provide for the organization, government, and support of the military force of the State of Missouri printed in pamphlet form, and distribute the same immediately, by mail or otherwise, under tlie direction of the adjutant-general of the State, according to the population of each county, respectively. This act to take effect from its passage. Approved, ^lay 15, 1861. [Ibid., p. 44.] On the same date an act was passed authorizing the appointment of a major-general to command the militia. This act is as follows: AN ACT to authorize the appointment of one major-general for the Missouri militia. Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Missouri, as follows: Section 1._ The governor is hereby authorized to appoint one major-general, who shall, in time of insurrection, invasion, or war, command the entire military force in the field, and shall hold his office during good behavior. Sec. 2. The appointment of said major-general shall be subject to the confirmation of the senate; and should the general assembly not be in session at the time of the 256 MISSOUKI TROOPS — CONFEDERATE. appointment of said major-general, said appointment shall l)e subject to confirma- tion at the next session thereafter. iSEC. 8. The said major-general shall be ex officio president of the military board authorized to be created by an act to ]irovide for the organization and government of the militia, ai)proved May 13, 1861; but shall have no command, except of troops actually in the field. This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved, May 15, 1861. [Ibid., p. 43.] The organization of the Missouri State Guard was at once begun. On the LSth of May, Maj. Gen. Sterlino- Price assumed command and announced his staff in the following general order: General Orders, \ Headqu.^rters Missouri State Guard, No. 3. i Jefferson Citi/, May 18, 1861. 1. The undersigned hereby assumes command of the Missouri State Guard. 2. The following-named officers are announced as composing the staff of the major- general conmianding: Col. Henry Little, assistant adjutant-general; Lieut. Col. A. VV. Jones, aide-de-camp; Lieut. Col. R. T. ]\I(>rriSon, aide-de-camp; .Surg. William N. Snodgrass, medical director; Asst. Surg. H. W. Cross, assistant medical director. 3. All communications for the commanding general will be addressed to the "Assistant Adjutant-General, Headquarters of the Missouri State Cniard," and until further orders will l>e directed to Jefferson City, Mo. Steruxg Price, Major- General, Couimanding. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LIU, p. 686.] On the following day special orders for the organization of the troops of the Sixth Military District were issued, as follows: Special Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, No. 4. ( Jefferson Citi/, May 19, 1861. 1. The brigadier-general commanding the Sixth ]\lilitary District, Missouri State Guard, will take immediate steps to organize into regiments all the troops in his district now in the field. This organization will be made in accordance with the new military laws of the State. 2. It is left to the discretion of the brigadier-general commanding the district to organize the regiments of six or eight comjtanies, and the mounted companies may be attached to the regiments as provided for in section .50 of the military laws. 3. After the organization of regiments is complete, should there lie surplus com- panies not sufficient in number to form a regiment of six, they will be organized into a battalion of two or four companies, in accordance with sectit)n 48, military laws. When by the arrival of other companies these battalions are augmented to the requisite number they will be organized into regiments. By command of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price: Henry Little, Assistant Adiutant-General. [Ibid., p. 686.] The War Department records of appointment and organization are incomplete and no record has been found of the orders issued at this time to the other district commanders, but it is stated by Thomas L. Snead in his history. The Fight for Missouri (p. 184), that on the 21st of May the governor announced the appointment of nine brigadier- generals (one for each military district) and that "their connnissions were forthwith transmitted to all, with orders to enroll at once the men within thtMr respective districts, and get them ready for active service."" The author of this publication was an aide-de-camp on the staff of the governor, and acting adjutant-general of the Missouri State Guard. He gives the names of the nine brigadier-gee.erals, as follows: Alexander W. Doniphan, M. ]\Ionroe Parsons, James S. Rains, John B. Glark, Meriwether Lewis Clark, Nathaniel W. A\'atkins, lieverly Randolph, William Y. Slack, and James H. McBride. STATE GUARD. 257 On the 21st of May Col. John R eid, ""commissary-ofeneral," was announced as '"chief of the subsistence department '' on the staff of the major-general commandino-. (Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LI II, p. 687.) While the organi- zation of the Missouri State Guard was thus in progress, a convention was entered into between General Price, the major-general commanding, and Brig. Gen. W. S. Harney, commanding the Cnited States forces, in which it was declared to be their nmtual object to restore peace and good order to the people of the State. Following is a copy of the agreement: 8t. Louis, M(hj 21, 1861. The undersigned, officers of the United States (iovernment and of the government of the State of Missouri, for the purpose of removing misapprehensions and allaying public excitenient, deem it proper to declare publicly that they have this day had a personal interview in this city, in which it has been mutually understood, witliout the semblance of dissent on either part, that each of them has no other than a com- mon object, e(iually interesting and important to every citizen of ^Missouri — that of restoring peace and good order to the people of the State in subordination to the laws of the (ieneral and State governments. It being thus understood, there seems no reason why every citizen should not confide in the proper officers of the General and State governments to restore quiet, and, as among the best means of offering no coun- terintluences, we nmtually recommend to all persons to respect each other's rights throughout the State, making no attempt to exei'cise unauthorized powers, as it is the determination of the proper authorities to suppress all unlawful proceedings, which can only disturb the pul)lic peace. General Price, having by commission full authority over the militia of the State of Missouri, undertakes, with the sanction of the governor of the State already declared, to direct the whole power of the State officers to maintain order within the State among the people thereof, and General Harney publicly declares that, this object being thus assured, he can have no occasion, as he has no wish, to make military movements which might otherwise create excitements and jealousies, which he most earnestly desires to avoid. ^^'e, the undersigned, do therefore mutually enjoin upon the people of the State to attend to their civil business of whatsoever sort it may be, and it is to be hoped that the unquiet elements, which have threatened so seriously to disturb the public peace, may soon subside and be remembered only to be deplored. Sterling Price, Mtable to the Lincoln Administration. This fixed [oolicy has already been exhibited in several instances, particularly in the affair at Camp Jackson, near St. Louis, accounts of which I here- with inclose. The answer made by General Harney to the writ of hal)eas corpus issued by the Uniteil States district judge for the eastern district of Missouri, in the case of Emmett MacDonald (an extract from which is herewith inclosed), shows clearly the intention of the United States authorities to act under a "higher law," and disregard even the Constitution of the Cnited States itself in their attempt to reduce Missouri to the I'ondition of a subject province. The jiosition assumed by her general asseml)ly in this matter is shown in the resolutions (heiewitli inclosed) unanimously adojited l)y both branches of that body. The people, however, are unorganized, but not entirely unarmed. Good judges assure me that 60,000 rifles and shotguns are in the hands of true Southein men in our State, and my own knowledge of our people convinces me that at least two-thirds, and possibly three- fourths, of the voters of ^Missouri desire a speedy union with the Confederate States; but in our present condition it is impossible to call together our convention or take a popular vote on the question. That l)ody can not now diret't any such vote, for the plain reason that the United States authorities have the will and physical power to prevent the polls from l)eing opened, nor can either the general asseml)ly or the convention sit in safety or tranquillity except under the j^rotection of a friendly armed force. It is to the Confederate States alone, to her sister Southern States, that JNIis- souri can look for the necessary aid for that purpose. Missouri l)eing still uoininally one of the United States, no legal or constitutional express authority exists in any- one to invite your government to send us aid. No duties or powers are intrusted to the governor in view of any such emergency. The manifold civil duties he has to perform at the capital of the State require his presence, and the necessity of his avoid- ing acts compromising his jiosition toward the United States Government or endan- gering his person and the State records is ajijiarent to anyone who is aware how greatly the interests and convenience of the jieojile dejiend on the governor's atten- tion to those civil duties. It can not, therefore, be expected that he should assume, without express direction of the constitution, duties of a military and quasi- international character. On mature consideration, examination of the laws and constitution of ^Missouri, and consultation with leading men of mature judgment and sound patriotism, I have come to the conclusion that, in the absence of any provision of our constitution applicable to such a state of affairs, the high moral duty of leading an armed effort to redeem the State from sul)jection, and its governor and other authorities from virtual captivity, devolves not u}>on the governor, but upon me. As lieutenant- governor I am, by our constitution, president of the senate, and I am also by law president of the general assendily when in joint session. That body has adjourned to meet at the capital on the third ^Monday of September, next. As their presiding olhcer I am the only person armed with power by law to arrest disturbers of their delil)erations when they are in actual session, and I con- ceive it to be but a small extension of this authority for me to take necessary meas- ures to put down those who intend to disturb those delil)erations l>y jiossilily even preventing a session. To wait until the general assendtly meets and attemjjt to punish such disturbance after it is committed would be sheer folly, as it would have been cominitted by a force suthcient to defy i)unishnient. Moreover, 1 have entirely relial)le inforination that an attempt on my part to perform the duties of presiding officer of the senate would be prevented l)"y the United States authorities; and even if the information be incorrect, I do not consider it becoming the dignity of a free State that one of its jirincipal ofhcers should exercise his powers virtually at the suf- ferance of a military dictator claiming the right to suspend even the writ of hal)eas corpus. I believe hi.story will furnish exanqiles of protection given to such an officer in such an emergency In' friendly foreign powers; and should no precisely similar examjde exist, I feel assured that the imblic opinion of your confederacy, as STATE GUARD. 261 well as that of Missouri, would fully justify you in extending protection to the pre- siding officer of a body which, as the general assembly of Missouri has done, has unmistakably evinced its sympathy with your cause. lender this sense of duty to the general assemldy and people of Missouri I intend to return to the State, and, as soon as I can dt) so with a reasonable prospect of suc- cess, call around me such of her citizens (and 1 know they can be counted by tens of thousands) who are willing to join me in the attempt to free her from the mili- tary rule now imposed upon her. To do so without meeting with prompt expulsion (more injurious to our cause than it would be not to make the attempt at all) is impossibly unless I am accomjjanied by an army of the Confederate States. Offi- cially, as presiding officer of the general assembly, I hereby request the aid of your government, and invite it to send with me a body of Confederate States troops suffi- cient to i)revent a failure at the start, and to serve as a nucleus around which the Missourians may gather to form a home force to protect their menaced liberties. If you are willing to accept this invitation, the conditions and extent of the assistance can be settled hereafter in a personal interview or otherwise. Hoping for a prompt and, if possible, favorable answer, I have the honor to be, Mr. President, Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Thomas C. Reynolds, Lieufenant-(iover)ior of the State of Missouri. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 692.] The proclamation of General Harney, inclosed by the lieutenant- governor, waj> evidently the following: Military Department of the West, St. Louis, May U, 1861. To the people of tJie State of Missouri: On my return to the duties of the command of this department I find, greatly to my astonishment and mortification, a most extraordinary state of things existing in this State, deeply affecting the stability of the Government of the United States as well as the governmental and other interests of Missouri itself. As a citizen of Missouri, owing allegiance to the United States and having interests in common with you, I feel it my duty as well as privilege to extend a warning voice to my fellow-citizens against the common dangers that threaten us, and to appeal to your patriotism and sense of justice to exert all your moral power to avert them. It is with regret that I feel it my duty to call your attention to the recent act of the general assembly of Missouri, known as the "military bill," which is the result no doubt of the temporary excitement that now pervades the public mind. This bill can not be regarded in any other light than an indirect secession ordinance, ignoring even the forms resorted to by other States. Manifestly its most material provisions are in conflict with the Constitution and laws of the United States. To this extent it is a nullity, and can not and ought not to be upheld or regarded by the good citizens of Missouri. There are obligations and duties resting upon the people of Missouri under the Constitution and laws of the United States which are paramount, and which, I trust, you will carefully consider and weigh well before you \A ill allow yourselves to be carried out of the Union under the form of yielding obedience to this military bill, which is clearly in violation of your duties as citizens of the United States. It must be apparent to everyone who has taken a proper and unbiased view of the subject that, whatever may be the termination of the unfortunate condition of things in respect to the so-called cotton States, ^Missouri must share the destiny of the I'nion. Her geographical position, her soil, productions, and, in short, all her material interests, point to this result. We can not shut our eyes against this con- trolling fact. It is seen and its force is felt throughout the nation. So important is this regarded to the great interests of the country that I venture to express the opin- ion that the whole power of the Government of the United States, if necessary, will be exerted to maintain Missouri in her present position in the Union. 1 express to you, in all frankness and sincerity, ni}- own deliberate convictions, without assum- ing to si)eak for the (Government of the United States, whose authority here and elsewhere I shall at all times and under all circumstances endeavor faithfully to uphold. I desire above all things most earnestly to invite my fellow-i'itizens dis- passionately to consider their true interests as well" as their true relation to the Gov- ernment under which we live and to which we owe so much. In this connection I desire to direct attention to one subject which, no doubt, will be made the pretext for more or less popular excitement. I allude to the recent trans- 2(52 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. actions at Camp Jackson, near St. liouis. It is not proper for nie to comment upon the otiicial conduct of my predecessor in conunand of this depai'tment, hut it is right and proper for the people of Missouri to know that the main avenue of Camp Jack- son, recently under t'ommand of General Frost, had the name of Davis, and a prin- cipal street of the same camp that of Beauregard, and that a hody of men had heen received into that camp by its conunander whit'h had been notoriously organized in the interests of the secessionists, the men openly wearing the dress and badge dis- tinguishing the army of the so-called Southern Confederacy. It is also a notorious fact that a quantity of arms had been received into the camp which wei'e unlawfully taken from the United States arsenal at Baton Rouge and surreptitiously passed up the river in boxes marked "Marble." Upon facts like these, and having in view what occurred at Liberty, the people can draw their own inferences, and it can not be dithcult for anyone to arrive at a correct conclusion as to the character and ultimate jun-jiose of that encampment. No government in the world would lie entitled to resjject that would tolerate for a moment such openly treasonable preparations. It is but simple justice, however, that I should state the fact that there were many good and loyal men in the camp who were in no manner responsible foi' its treasonable character. Disclaiming as I do all desire or intention to interfere in any way with the pre- rogatives of the State of ^lissouri, or with the functions of its executive or other authorities, yet I regard it as my plain path of duty to express to the people, in respectful but at the same time decided language, that within the field and scope of my command and authority the "supreme law" of the land must and shall be main- tained, and no subterfuges, whether in the forms of legislative acts or otherwise, can be permitted to harass or oppress the good and law-abiding peojile of [Missouri. I shall exert my authority to protect their persons and property from violations of every kind, and I shall deem it my duty to suppress all vinlawful combinations of men, whether formed under pretext of military organizations or otherwise. Wm. S. Harney, Brigadier-General, United Slates Army, Commanding [Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 371.] On June 5. 1861. an ofder was issued to hasten the equipment of the State Guard. Followino- is a copy of the order: General Orders, \ Headquarteks ^Iissouri State Guard, "No. 8. i Jefferson City, June 5, 1861. I. To hasten and facilitate the equipment of the Missouri State Guard the com- mander of each military district will cause to be purchased and inanufactured in their respective districts such articles of camp and garrison equipage as can be obtained therein; and for this purpose the captains or commanders of companies will be authorized to procure, as far as they can, the equipments for their companies in their immediate localities. The certitied account of all such camp and garrison equipage, together with the bond of such commanders, will lie forwarded to the division qvuirtermaster of the district, and liy him transmitted to the quartermaster- general of the State, who will furnish the division quartermaster with necessary means to pay for same. II. The following is the allowance of canqi and garrison eqiiipage to each officer and company: Each general, 3 tents in the field, 1 ax, 1 hatchet; field and staff offi- cers above rank of captain, 2 tents in the field, 1 ax, 1 hatchet; other staff officers and captains, 1 tent in the field, 1 ax, 1 hatchet; to every 15 foot and 13 mounted men, 1 tent in the field, 2 spades, 2 axes, 2 pickets, 2 camp kettles. 2 mess pans, 5 hatchets, 1 iron pot; subaltei'ns of companies (to every 2), 1 tent in the field, 1 ax, 1 hatchet. III. Each regiment Avill adojjt the State fiag, made of blue merino, by 5 feet, with the Missouri coat of arms in gold gilt on each side. P^ach mounted company will have a guidon, the fiag of which will l>e of white merino, 3 by '1\ feet, with tlie letters M. S. G. in gilt on each side. The length of the pike for colors ami trnidons will be 9 feet long, including spear and ferule. Each company of infantry will have 1 drum and 1 fife. Each company of mounted men will have 2 bugles or trumpets. If the colors, guidons, drums, fifes, and bugles can not be procured in the district, requi- sitions will be made on the quartermaster-general of the State. By command of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price: Henry Little, Assistant Adjnta)it-(TeneraL If the tents be of the small, triangular pattern, allow (3 of foot and 5 of mounted men to each. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 694.] STATE GUARD. 263 On June 11, 1861, a conference was held at the city of St. Louis between Governor Jackson and Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, who had succeeded General Harney in the command of the Department of the West, the object, as stated l)y the governor, being- to avert the horrors of civil war. The conference failed in its object, and on the 12th of June the governor issued his proclamation calling for 50. 000 militia for the active service of the State. This proclamation, which recites the reasons for its issue, the objects for which the militia was to be em- ployed, the status of the State with reference to the Federal Union, and the duty of citizens to the State and the United States, is here given in full: A PROCLAMATION. To the People of Missouri : A series of unprovoked and unparalleled outrages have been inflicted upon the I^eace and dignity of this Commonwealth and upon the rights and liberties of its jieople by wicked and unprincipled men, professing to act under the authority of the United States Government. The solemn enactments of your legislature have been nullified, your volunteer soldiers have been taken prisoners, your commerce with your sister States has been suspended, your trade with your own fellow-citizens has been and is subjected to the harassing control of an armed soldiery, peaceful citizens have been imprisoned without warrant of law, unoffending antl defenseless men, women, and children have been ruthlessly shot down and murdered, and other unbearable indignities have been heaped upon your State and yourselves. To all these outrages and indignities you have submitted with a patriotic forbear- ance which has only encouraged the perpetrators of these grievous wrongs to attempt still bolder and more daring usurpations. It has been my earnest endeavor under all these embarrassing circumstances to maintain the peace of the State and to avert, if jjossible, from our borders the desolating effects of a civil war. With that object in view I authorized ^lajor-General Price several weeks ago to arrange with General Harney, commanding the Federal forces in this State, the terms of an agreement by which the peace of the State might be preserved. They came, on the 21st of May, to an understanding, which was made public. The State authorities have faithfully labored to carry out the terms of that agreement. The Federal Government, on the other hand, not only manifested its strong disapprobation of it by the instant dis- missal of the distinguished officer who on its part entered into it, but it at once began and has unintermittingly carried out a system of hostile operations in utter contempt of that agreement and in reckless disregard of its own plighted faith. These acts have latterly portended revolution and civil war so unmistakably that I resolved to make one further effort to avert these dangers from you. I therefore solicited an interview with Brigadier-General Lyon, commanding the Federal arniy in Missouri. It was granted, and on the 10th instant, waiving all questions of personal and official dignity, I went to St. Louis, accompanied by Major-General Price. We had an interview on the 11th instant with General Lyon and Col. F. P. Blair, jr., at which I suVjmitted to them this proposition: That I WDuld disband the State Guard and break up its organization; that I would disarm all the companies which have been armed by the State; that I would pledge myself not to attempt to organize 'the militia under the military Ijill; that no arms or muniti(ins of war should be brought into the State; that I would protect all citizens equally in all their rights, regardless of their political opinions; that I would repress all insurrectionary move- ments within the State; that I would repel all attempts to invade it, fi(im whatever quarter and bv whomsoever made, and that I would thus maintain a strict neutrality in the present unhajipy contest, and preserve the peace of the State. And I further proposed that I would, if necessary, invoke the assistance of the United States troops to carry out these ])ledges. All this I proposed to do upon condition that the Federal Government would" undertake to disarm the Home Guards, which it has illegally organized and armed throughout the State, and pledge itself not to occui>y with its troops any localities in the State not occupied by them at this time. Nothing but the most earnest desire to avert the horrors of civil war from our beloved State could have tempted me to propose these humiliating terms. They were rejected by the Federal officers. They demanded not only the disorganization and disarming of the State militia and the nullification of the military l)ill, but they refused to disarm their own Home Guards, and insisted that the Federal Government should enjoy an unrestricted right to move and station its troops throughout the State whenever and wherever that might, in the opinion of its officers, be necessary, 264 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. either for the protection of the "loyal .subjects" of the Federal Government or for the repellinjj of invasion, and they plainly announi'ed that it was the intention of the Administration to take military occupation under these pretexts of the whole State, and to R'duce it, as avowed by General Lyon himself, to the "exact condition of Maryland." The acceptance by me of these degrading terms would not only have sullied the honor of ^lissouri, but would have arou.sed the indignation of every brave citizen, and precipitated the very conflict which it has been my aim to prevent. AVe refused to accede to them, and the conference was broken up. Fellow-citizens, all our efforts toward conciliation have failed. We can hope nothing from the justice or modera- tion of the agents of the Federal Government in this State. They are energetically hastening the execution of their bloody and revolutionary schemes for the inaugura- tion of a civil war in your midst; for the military occupation of your State by armed bands of lawless invaders; for the overthrow of your State government, and for the subversion of those liberties which that g(jvernment has always sought to protect, and they intend to exert their whole power to subjugate you, if possible, to the military despotism which has usurped the powers of the Federal Government. Now, therefore, I, C. F. Jackson, governor of the State of Missouri, do, in view of the foregoing facts and by virtue of the powers vested in me by the constitution and laws of this Commonwealth, issue this my proclamation, calling the militia of the State, to the number of 50,000, into the active service of the State, for the purpose of repelling said invasion, and for the protection of the lives, liberty, and property of the citizens of this State, and I earnestly exhort all good citizens of ]\Iissouri to rally under the flag of their State for the protection of their endangered homes and firesides, and for the defense of their most sacred rights and dearest liberties. In issuing this proclamation, I hold it to be my solemn duty to remind you that Missouri is still one of the United States; that the executive department of the State government does not arrogate to itself the power to disturb that relation; that that power has been wisely vested in a convention, which will at the proper time express your sovereign will, and that meanwhile it is your duty to obey all the constitu- tional requirements of the Federal Government; but it is equally my duty to advise you that your first allegiance is due to your own State, and that you are under no obligation whatever to obey the unconstitutional edicts of the military despotism which has enthroned itself at Wasl%igtou, nor to submit to the infamous and degrad- ing sway of its wicked minions in this State. No brave and true-hearted Missourian will obey the one or submit to the other. Rise, then, and drive out ignominiouslv the invaders who have dared to desecrate the soil which your labors have made fruitful and which is consecrated by your homes. Given umler my hand as governor and under the great seal of the State of Missouri at Jefferson City this 12th day of June, 1861. Cl.\iborxe F. Jackson. By the Governor: B. F. MAi^iiEX, Secretxiry of State. [Ibid., p. 696.] On the date of the governoi'.s proclamation the oommander.s of the several district.^ of the ^Missouri State Guard were directed to immedi- ately as.semble all available troops in their respective districts "for actual service.'' The order for this purpose was in the following', terms: Gener.\l Orders, | Headqu.vrters ^Iissoiri State Guard, No. 11. i Jerf'crson Citi/, Mo., June 12, 18H1. I. The commanders of the military districts of the Missouri State Guard will immediately assemble all the available troops in their respective districts for actual service. II. The forces of the Third District will, as they assemble, march by regiments, battalions, or companies, without delay, to Boonville, Cooper County, which will be the rendezvous. ()n their arrival at this place the commanders of such regi- ments, battalions, and companies will report to the senior officer j)resent, who will report each arrival to these headquarters and to the commander of the Sixth ^Mili- tary District. III. The forces of the first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth will assemble in camp, the place to be designated by the respective district com- manders, who will repair in person to said camp and superintend the organization and equipment of their commands. They will, from time to time, report to these headquarters the number and condition of their command. STATE GUARD. 265 IV. The district quartermastersi and commissaries will use all the means at their command in their respective districts to furnish supplies for this movement, and will make requisitions on the quartermaster-general and commissary-general for funds. By command of Maj. Gen. S. Price: Henky Little, Asswtaaf Adjutant- General. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 592.] The governor's proclamation and the order for the assemblage of the Missouri State Guard was followed almost immediately b}- open hostilities, which it is not the purpose of this paper to discuss. On June 16, 1861, General Parsons was directed to hasten with his command to Boonville, ])rinoino- with him such men as might join him on the wa}' (Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 699), and on Jul}' 4, 1861, the following general order was issued for the organization of the forces in the field: General Orders, \ Headquarters MrssouRi State Guard, No. 16. J Camp Lamar, July 4-, 1861. The commander in chief issues the following general orders for the government of the forces now in the field: I. The several brigadier-generals now in the field will proceed forthwith to the organization of the forces from their respective districts, and all companies or parts of companies from the Second District will report their strength and equipments, together with a list of their commissioned oflicers, to Gen. John B. Clark and be attached to his command. All companies and parts of companies from the Fifth Dis- trict will make a like report to Gen. W. Y. Slack and be attached to his command. All companies and parts of companies from the First, Eighth, and Ninth districts will make a like report to Gen. M. M. Parsons and be attached to his command. II. Col. John Reid is hereby detailed as commissary -general of the forces now in the field, and the commissaries of the several brigades will make to him a full and complete return as soon as practicable of all the commissary stores under their con- trol, which will be equitably distributed by him to the several brigades upon requisi- tions from the proper officers. III. In the absence of the quartermaster-general. Acting Quartermaster Edward Haren will, through himself and the quartermasters of brigades and their assistants, have charge of the transportation of the forces now in the field, as provided by law. By order of C. F. Jackson, Commander in Chief: Warwick Houcjh, Adjutant-General. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 705.] On July 10, 1861, Brig. Gen. A. E. Steen, commanding the Fifth Military District, was directed to organize his division (Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 710), and on the 11th of July the following order was issued: General Orders, 1 Headquarters Missouri State Guard, No. %. / Coirskin Prairie, July 11, 1861. I. The State troops now in the field will be designated as follows: First Division, Missouri State Forces, Brig. Gen. M. M. Parsons; Second Division, Missouri State Forces, Brig. Gen. J. S. Rains; Third Division, Missouri State Forces, Brig. Gen. J. B. Clark; Fourth Division, Missouri State Forces, Brig. Gen. "\V. Y. Slack; Fifth Division, Missouri State Forces, Brig. Gen. A. E. Steen. II. Brigadier-generals commanding divisions will proceed to organize into regi- ments and battalions all the companies in their commands not already so organized. This organization, being bj' divisions, will be entered accordingly, as First, Second, or Third Regiment of Infantry; First, Second, or Third Division; the same in regard to other arms of artillery or cavalry. The companies in each regiment or battalion will be lettered as A, B, C, etc. Each division commander will report such organiza- tion, with the names of the field officers elected, to headquarters. ******** By order of Gen. S. Price, commanding: H. Little, Amstant Adjutant-General. [Ibid., p. 710.] 26() MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. On the 16th of Jul_v Brig'. Gen. M. M. Parsons, the senior brig'adier- general of the Missouri State Guard, was assigned to the command of the forces in the tield during the temporary absence of Major-General Price, and Col. Horace Brand, First Regiment Ritiemen, Sixth District, was appointed inspector-general on the statf of the major-general com- manding, (Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LIIl. p. 713.) On August 1, 18<)1, Brig. Gen. M. Jeff. Thompson issued from the headquarters of the First Military District of the Missouri State Guard at Bloomlield, Mo., a proclamation appealing to the ''people of Missouri'' to rally to his standard. Again it becomes necessar}^ to refer to Moore's Rebellion Record, no official copy of this procla- mation having been found. As recorded in the publication referred to (Vol. II, Docs., p. -157) the proclamation reads: Headquarters Missouri State Guard, Bloomfield, Mo., August 1, 1861. missourians! strike for your firesides and your homes! To the people of Mhsuuri: Having been elected to command tlie gallant sons of the F^rst Military District of Missouri in the second war of independence, I appeal to all whose hearts are with us immediately to take the field. By a speedy and simultaneous assault on our foes we can, like a hurricane, scatter them to the winds; while tardy action, like the gentle south wind, will only meet with northern frosts, and advance and recede, and like the seasons will be like the history of the war, and will last forever. Come, now; strike while the iron is hot! Our enemies are whipped in Vix'ginia. They have been whipped in Missouri. General Hardee advances in the center, (.Teneral Pillow on the right, and General McCulIoch on the left, with 20,000 brave Southern hearts to our aid. So leave your plows in the furrow and your oxen in the yoke, and rush like a tornado upon our invaders and foes, to sweep them from the face of the earth or force them from the soil of our State! Brave sons of the Ninth District, come and join us! We have plenty of ammunition and the cattle on ten thousand hills are ours. We have 40,000 Belgian muskets coming; but bring your guns and muskets with you, if you have them; if not, come without them. We will strike your foes like a Southern thunderbolt, and soon our camp fires will illuminate the iVIeramec and Missouri. Come, turn out! Jeff. Thompson, Brigadier- General Commanding. On August 11:, 1861, General Price announced in orders the appoint- ment of Phineas M. Savery as provost-marshal of the Missouri army, with the rank of major, and directed him to recruit a company. He also congratulated the army on the brilliant victory won at the battle of Wilson's Creek on the 10th of August (Official Recoi'dsof the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol, LIII. p. T"2T), and on the 20th of the same month he issued a proclamation announcing ''to the people of Missouri " that the army under his conuiiand had been orgiinized under the laws of the State for the protection of their homes and tiresides and for the maintenance of the rights, dignit}', and honor of Missouri. He assured them that he was determined to protect every peacea])le citizen in the full enjoyment of his rights, whatever may have been his sympathies, if he had not taken an active part in the warfare that had been waged against the good people of the State, at the same time warning evil-disposed per.sons who should sup])ort the usurpation of anyone claiming to be the provisional or temporary governor of the State, or who should in any other wa}^ give aid or comfort to the enemv. that they would be held as enemies STATE GUARD, 267 and treated accordinolv. The full text of the proclamation is as follows : Jefferson City, August 20, 1861. To the people of Missouri Fellow-Citizens: The army under my command has been organized under the laws of the State for the protection of your homes and tii'esides and for tlie mainte- nance of the rights, dignity, and honor of Missouri. It is kept in the field for these purposes alone, and to aid in accomplishing them our gallant Southern brethren have come into our State. With these we have achieved a glorious victory over the foe, and scattered far anil wide the well-appointed army which the usurper at Washington has been more than six months gatliering for your subjugation and enslavement. This victory frees a large portion of the State from the power of the invaders and restores it to the protection of its army. It consequently becomes my duty to assure you that it is my firm determination to protect every peaceable citizen in the full enjoyment of all his rights, whatever may have been his sympathies in the present unhappy struggle, if he has not taken an active part in the cruel warfare which has been waged against the good people of this State by the ruthless enemies whom we have just defeated. 1 therefore invite all good citizens to return to their homes and the practice of their ordinary avocations, with the full assurance that they, their families, their homes, and their property shall be carefully protected. I at the same time warn all evil-disposed persons who may support the usurpations of anyone claiming to be provisional or temporary governor of Missouri, or who shall in any other way give aid or comfort to the enemy, that they will be held as enemies and treated accordingly. Sterling Price, Major-General, Commanding Missouri State Guard. [Ibid., p. 730.] On October 23, 1861, an order was issued by Major-General' Price for the reorg-anization of the divisions of the Missouri State Guard. This order is as follows: Cteneral Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, No. 63. j Camp near Neosho, October 23, 1861. Paragraph No. 1, of General Orders, No. 3, July, 1861, organizing and designating the divisions, being an error, is hereby corrected, and in accordance with the require- ments of the military bill the divisions will in future be designated as follows: First Division, composed of troops from the counties of St. Francois, Ste. Genevieve, Perry, Cape Girardeau, Bollinger, Madison, Iron, Wayne, Stoddard, Scott, Missis- sippi, New Madrid, Butler, Dunklin, Pemiscot; Second Division, composed of troops from the counties of Scotlanrig. (Jen. K. W. Price of the Third Division, and Brig. (ien. W. Y. Slack will coutinue in command of the Fourth Division, which he has heretofore conuuanded as brigadier-general of the Fourth Military District by virtue of appointment of the governor of the State. By order of Major-( ieneral Price: H. Little, Adjulant-Ceneral. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. LI II, p. 758.] STATE GUARD. 271 General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, No. 115. i Camp on Sac Brver, December 4, 1861. I. In accordance with General Orders, No. 89, of November 20, 1861, an election was held in the Seventh and Eighth Divisions December 2, 1861, and the following- named officers were declareil anies and regiments are allowed to break ui> and form at different times there will be no enthusiasm and a great falling off in nundx'rs. I have a great many men sick and they are dying by the wholesale. Please send me some orders on the subject (jf reorganization. Yours, most resp(H'tfully, M. Jeff. Thompson, Brigadier- ( linirral, ( 'ommanding. [Ibid., p. 704.] On the Dth of December Governor Jackson was at General Thomp- son's headquarters, and the latter wrote concerning- the plan of reor- ganization: HEAD(iUARTERS FiRST MILITARY DISTRICT, MISSOURI StATE GtARD, New Madrid, Mo., Ikceiuher 9, 1861. Col. W. G. Pheelan, Missouri State Gaard, Camp Blanton, Mo. Dear Colonel: Governor Jackson is here, and I can now begin to talk with some knowledge of the plan of reorganization. It is proposed that all the able-bodied men shall enlist in the Confederate service, and from among themselves elect their field officers up to the colonel. The balance are to form themselves into new companies and regiments of Missouri State Guard under the old law, subject to be called out at any time the governor may see tit. ******* M. Jeff. Thompson, Brigadier- General, Co/iimanding. [Ibid., p. 705.] Again, on the 26th of December, General Thompson wrote: Headquarters First Military District, Missouri State Guard, New Madrid, Mu., December :^6, 1861. Maj. (Jen. Leonidas Polk, C. S. A., Columbus, Ky. Dear Gexeral: Nearly all my men are disbanded and comparatively but few have reenlisted. They seemed determined to take the Cliristmas holidays to themselves and are having a real noisy time of it. Two-thirds of those who have enlisted are "for the war," and I expect that all of those who join in January will be for the war. Those that come in later will be twelve-months' men. I have allowed each aspirant for office to open a kind of recruiting office, and I swear in each man myself, intend- ing to coinljine them as soon as I find elements which suit. I disband the cavalry to-morrow, and will l)e without pickets for a few days. * * * * * * * Yours, most respectfully, M. Jeff. Thompson, Brigadier-General, Commatiding. • [Il)id., p. 722.] Relative to the disbandment of the regiments of General Thompson's command, that officer wrote to General Price, January 1, 1862: New Madrid, Mo., Jaimanj 1, 1862. Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, MiHHouri State Guard, in. Camp. Dear General: The instructions from your headquarters and your circular were received, and I have endeavored as far as possible to comply with your orders. I have, however, been very much discouraged l)y the action of my command and, from newspaper rumors, I am fearful you have suffered in the same way. I endeavored to get all to disband and reorganize on the same day, each company of meu selecting at once their new officers, and without any cessation to go on with our good work, l)ut 1 could not get a corporal's guard to agree to reenlist without first returning home or STATE GUARD. 273 taking the Christinas hoUciays or some other excuse, and 1 had to adopt a plan to suit the condition of things; it was to march each regiment to the nearest safe point to the majority of their homes, and, setting different days for them to disband, to endeavor to induce them to reenlist. Of those disbanded at this place but few have vohinteered up to this time. The Stoddard County regiment disbands this day at Camp Blanton, in Stoddard County. The Dunklin County regiment disbands on the 4th at Clarkton, and the Ripley County regiment disbands on the 8th at Pitman's Ferry. How many of these will vokmteer it is impossible to tell, but I am sure I will have but a skeleton force until February or JNIarch. The men are all sounder than the officers, and if I could but stop their croaking all would V>e well. I do not censure all, for many of them are patriotic gentlemen, who are willing to serve any- where or work in any kind of harness, but many also who can not be reelected, from incompetency or other causes, for the purpose of covering their own defeat, hunt a thousand excuses, and delay others who would immediately join. I am now without an army, but still have hope, and if left single-handed and alone, I will keep the enemy in my neighborhood uneasy and on guard. * ****** Yours, most respectfully, M. Jeff. Thompson, [Ibid., p. 727.] Brigadier- General, Commanding. What with the disbandment of the old regiments, the organization of new ones for the State service, and the formation of volunte'er regi- ments for the service of the Confederate States, to be treated in this paper under a separate head, the Missouri State Guard appears to have been at this time in a chaotic condition. The complex character of the command is illustrated by the following: General Orders, ) Headquarters Missouri State Guard, No. 47. J Camp on Cove Creek, Ark., February 23, 1862. Brig. Gen. D. M. Frost is assigned to duty as the commander of the Seventh Divi- sion, in place of Brig. (tch. J. H. [NIcBride, resigned. He will remain in command of the division until it contains twenty companies, when an election of a brigadier- general will be ordered. General Frost will also have the command of the Third Brigade of Missouri Volunteers. By order of ]\Iaj. Gen. S. Price: Wm. H. Brand, Acl'mg Assistant Adjutant-General. [Ibid., p. 755.] On April 8, 1862, at his headquarters at Des Arc, Ark., Maj. Gen. Sterling Price retired from the Missouri State Guard, which he had conmianded since its organization. He had been commissioned a major- general in the Confederate service, and had been followed into that service by hve thousand of those who had fought with him under the State Hag. He appealed to others to go with them. His address on this occasion was as follows: General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, No. 79. ) Des Arc, Ark., Aprils, 1862. Soldiers of the State Guard: I command you no longer. I have this day resigned the commission which your patient endurance, your devoted patriotism, and your dauntless bravery have made so honorable. 1 have done this that I may the better serve you, our State, and our country; that I may the sooner lead you V)ack to the fertile prairies, the rich wood- lands, and majestic streams of our beloved Missouri; that I may the more certainly restore you to your once happy homes and to the loved ones there. Five thousand of those who have fought side b}^ side with us under the Grizzly Bears of Missouri have followed me into the Confederate camp. They appeal to yon, as I do, by all the tender memories of the past, not to leave us now, but to go with us wherever the path of duty may lead, till we shall have conquered a peace, and won our independence by brilliant deeds upon new fields of battle. Soldiers of the State Guard! Veterans of six pitched battles and nearly twenty skirmishes! Conquerors in them all! Your country, with its "ruined hearths and S. Doc. 412 18 274 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. shrines," calls upon you to rally once more in hei' defense, and rescue her forever from the terrible thraldom which threatens her. I know that she will not call in vain. The insolent and barbarous hordes which have dared to invade our soil and to desecrate our homes have just met with a sijjnal overthrow beyond the Mississippi. Now is the time to end this unhappy war. If every man will Init do his duty, his own roof will shelter him in peace from the storms of the coming winter. Let not history record that the men who bore with patience the privations of Cow- skin Prairie, who endured uncomplainingly the buriiing heat of a Missouri summer, and the frosts and snows of a Missouri winter; that the men who met the enemy at Carthage, at Oak Hills, at Fort Scott, at Lexington, and in numberless lesser liattle- lields in Missouri, and met them Init to conquer them; that the men who fought so bravely and so well at Elkhorn; that the unpaid soldiery of Missouri were, after so many victories and after S() nuich suffering, uneijual to the great task of achieving the independence of their magnificent State. Soldiers!. I go but to mark a pathway to our homes. Follow me! Sterling Price. [Ibid., p. 814.] In accepting- General Price's resignation of his State commission Governor Jackson referred to him in the following- complimentarj^ terms: The commander in chief takes this occasion to express his sincere regret to the Missouri State Guard at the loss of so gallant, experienced, and distinguished an officer from their councils, and to encourage them in such a performance of their duties in the future as will keep bright the fame they have so nobly won under his leadership. [Ibid., p. 813.] On the .same date, April 8, 1862, the governor assigned Brig. Gen. M. M. Parsons, the senior division commander, to the command of all the Missouri State Guard then in the field, with instructions to organize them into companies, battalions, and regiments, "according to law." The governor's order is as follows: General Orders, ) Headquarters Adjutant-General's Office, >- Missouri State Guard, No. 26. j Deii Arc, Ark., April 8, 1862. I. Brig. (len. M. M. Parsons is hereby specially detailed to the command of all the Missouri State Guard now in the field, and will immediately organize them into companies, battalions, and regiments, according to law. II. The army corps to be thus organized will consist exclusively of infantry and artillery. III. The general commanding will report as soon as practicable the entire force in the Missouri State Guard now remaining, rank and file. By order of the Governor: Warwick Hough, Adjutant-General of Missouri. [Ibid., p. 814.] On assuming connnand, pursuant to the preceding order. General Parsons issued the following: General Orders. \ Headqu.arters Missouri State Guard, No. 1. j Des Arc, Ark., April 9, 1862. I. By order of the governor of the State of INIissouri, bearing date April 8, 1862, I have this day assumed the command of the Missouri State Guard. II. The al)ove-meutioned troops will be immediately organized into companies, l)attalions, and regiments, according to the laws of the State of INIissouri. III. Lieutenant-Colonel Shields is hereby detailed as inspector to nuister and report the troops to these headciuarters. IV. Generals of divisions will report immediately the entire force of their respec- tive commands. V. Division quartermasters, or, in their absence, regimental (]uartermasters, will immediately report all honses, mules, wagons, tents, camp equipage, and other property in their respective commands and belonging to the State of Missouri. They STATE GUARD. 275 will also especially report all State property which has been transferred to the armies of the Confederate States. VI. Division oi'dnance officers will forthwith report all arms, ammunition, and artillery now belonging to the State of Missouri, and also all arms, ammunition, and artillery which may have been transferred to the Confederate Army. VII. Generals of division will cause the pay rolls of their respective commands to be made out and certified to without delay, as the funds for their payment are daily expected. VIII. Col. Joseph Kelly will, until further orders, assume command of the Sixth Division of Missouri State Guard. By order of M. 31. Parsons, brigadier-general, commanding Missouri State Guard: Austin M. Standish, Assistant Adjutant-General. [Ibid., p. 815.] On the following- day an order was issued by Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn, relieving- the Missouri State Guard from duty with his army; but this order, having been issued through a misunderstanding of Gov- ernor Jackson's intention with regard to the control of the State force, was promptly revoked. Owing to a then existing emergency, however, the contemplated reorganization of the State Guard was temporarih' deferred. The orders of General Van Doi'n are as follows: Special Orders, \ Headquarters Trans-Mississippi District, No. 46. ( Des Arc, Ark:, April 10, 1862. ******* III. In consequence of the governor of Missouri having assumed the control of the Missouri State Guard and its organization, it is hereby relieved from further duty with this army, and will report for orders to his excellency. By order of Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn: D. H. Maury, Assistant Adjutant-General. [Ibid., p. 816.] Special Orders, \ Headquarters Trans-Mississippi District, No. 48. j Des Are, Ark., April 11, 1862. The major-general commanding this district has ascertained, in an interview with Governor Jackson, of Missouri, that it was not his excellency's intention, by his order of the 8th instant, to assume control over the troops of the Missouri State Guard now in this army. Therefore Paragraph III, of Special Orders, No. 46, is hereby revoked. The present emergency demands the immediate services of every soldier of the army, and does not admit of the delay which will be unavoidable in making changes of organization. Therefore the reorganization of the Missouri State Guard, now serving under the orders of the major-general commanding this district, will be deferred until the earliest moment compatible with the interest of the service. By order of Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn: Dabney H. Maury, Assistant Adjutant- General. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 814.] It appears that the Missouri State Guard became an integral part of the Army of the West, under the command of Major-General Van Dorn, and that it was transferred to the east side of the Mississippi River, thus diverting it from the service for which it was organized, viz, the defense of the State of Missouri. The "emergency'' which delayed itrs reorganization, however, appears to have passed, and on the 18th of April General Van Dorn issued the following order: Special Orders, \ Headquarters Army op the West, No. 55. i Memphis, Tenn., April 18, 1862. ******* II. The troops of the Army of the West, known as the Missouri State Guard, will at once be organized into companies, battalions, and regiments, in conformity to the laws of Congress. 276 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. Those who have been, or may hereafter be, enrolled into the Confederate service will in like manner be organized in companies, battalions, and regiments. Major-(Teneral Price, to whose division these troops belong, is charged with the execution of this order. By order of Maj. Gen. Karl Van Dorn: Dabney H. Maury, A.ssistaiit A iljiita nt- General. [Ibid., Series 1, Vol. X, Part II, p. 428.] On the 21tth of April General Van Dorn thus addressed the governor of the State: Headquarters Army of the West, .}feii>plil.'<, Tenn., April 29, 1S62. C. F. Jackson, Governor of Missouri. Governor: I have the honor to inform you that I have just learned that a battle near Corinth is imminent. This and other considerations induce me to say that unless the organization of the State Guard is completed to-morrow it will be impossi- ble for me to provide any further for them. The army has nearly all gone on. I go in the morning. If the organization of the guard is completed to-morrow it will at once be on the same footing as the other troops of the Confederacy with respect to supplies of every description. I hope, sir, that in the coming battle the country will not lose the services of so gallant a corps as that under your command. With great respect, your obedient servant. Earl Van Dorn, Major- General. [Ibid., p. 465.] It will be observed that General Van Dorn's orders contemplated the organization of the State Guard in conforniity with the laws of the Confederate Congress, and that in his letter to Governor Jackson he referred to them as ''troops of the Confederac3^'" Whether they w^ere actualh^ reorganized under the Confederate statutes does not appear of record, but that they retained their status as State troops is shown by subsequent correspondence and orders. On June IS, 1862, the Missouri State Guard was relieved from duty in the Army of the West, in an order of which the following is a copy: Special Orders, \ Headquarters Army op the AVest, No. 117. J PriceviUe, Miss., .lime IS, 1862. ****** * II. The troops under the command of Gen. ]\I. ~Sl. Parscms, known as the Mis- souri State Guard, are relieved from duty with this army and will prepare to march to-morrow with eight days' rations. The Confederate troo^ts under General Parsons will, if artillery, report to the commanding otticer of the artillery brigade; if infantry or cavalry, will report to the commanding officer of their division (General Little). A battery of four pieces of artillery will march with them. The rest of the artillery of Parsons's brigade will be turned over to the chief of artillery, or such officers as he may order to receive it, who will give the necessary receipts for the same. Gen- eral Parsons will cause descriptive lists to be furnished to the Confederate troops under his command. By order of ]\Iaj. Gen. p]arl Van Dorn: M. 31. Klmmel, fissistant Adjutant-General. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. XVII, Part II, p. 610.] Referring to this order, Lieut. Col. George William Brent, writing on the same date from headquarters Western Department, 'said: The troops that have been discharged from the army of Major-General Van Dorn are not in the service of the Confederate States Army, but ^Missouri State Guard. All such troops may be allowed to go hence. [Ibid., p. 609.1 On the 13th of July, the ]Missouri State Guard was relieved from further service east of the Mississippi River and ordered to join the STATE GUARD. 277 command of Major-General Hindman in the Trans-Mississippi Dis- trict. General Braog-, by wlioni this order was given, took occasion to express his appreciation of tlie soldierly qualities of the State troops. His order is as follows: Special Orders, "I Headquarters Department No. 2, No. 115. j ' Tupelo, Mm., July IS, 1862. I. The Missouri State Guard, under command of Brig. Gen. M. M. Parsons, are relieved from further service east of the Mississippi River, and will proceed with the least practicable delay to join the forces of Major-General Hindman as soon as prac- ticable. The general commanding desires to express to General Parsons and his gallant officers and men his high appreciation of their patriotic devotion to the cause in which we are engaged, which has ever distinguished the citizens of Missouri in the armies of the Confe i)ayment of the troops in the service of the State prior to their nmster into the Con- federate service, and in an act approved February la. 1S&2. an addi- tional advance of $1,000,000 was authoiized for "military purposes" not specitied. Following are copies of the enactments referred to: AN ACT for the relief of the State of Missouri. Tin' Congrexit of tJie Confederate Slat e.'t (f Amern-a do enact. That the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby directed to issue to the State of Missouri, upoi^. the application of STATE GUARD. 281 the fund commissioners for said State, $1,000,000 in treasury notes, upon the condi- tion that the said State of Missouri deposit with tlie Secretary of the Treasury of the Confederate States an equal sum in the bonds of the State of Missouri, authorized to be issued under an act of the legislature of said State, entitled "An act to provide for the defense of said State, and for other purposes," which bonds shall be held by the Secretary of the Treasury until the accounts of the State of Missouri for advances made for military purposes are adjusted as Congress may direct. Sec. 2. That upon the final adjustment of the accounts of the State of Missouri against the Confederate States, the sum hereby advanced shall be deducted from the amount found due to said State. Sec. 3. The sum hereby appropriated shall be applied by the State of Missouri to the payment of troops in the service of the said State prior to their muster into the Confederate service. ApproA^ed, January 27, 1862. [Ibid., Series IV, Vol. I, p. 882.] AN ACT for the relief of the State of Missouri. Tlie Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby directed to issue to the State of ^Missouri, upon the apijlication of the fund commissioners for said State, $1,000,000 in treasury notes, upon the condi- tion that the said State of Missouri deposit with the Secretary of the Treasury of the Confederate States an equal sum in the bonds of the State of Missouri, authorized to be issued under an act of the legislature of said State, entitled "An act to provide for the defense of the State of Missouri, and for other purposes," which bonds shall be held by the Secretary of the Treasury until the accounts of the State of Missouri for advances made for military purposes are adjusted as Congress may direct. Sec. 2. That upon the linal adjustment of the accounts of the State of Missouri against the Confederate States the sum hereby advanced shall be deducted from the amount found due to said State. Approved, February 15, 1865. [Ibid., p. 939.] In a later act, approved September 23, 1862, heretofore referred to in this paper, provision was made for the payment of officers and enlisted men of the Missouri State Guard who had been called into the service of the Confederate States b}^ military commanders, or by agree- ment between the authorities of the State and the Confederate States, their pay to be the same that they would have been entitled to receive "if belonging- to the Confederate Army." That portion of the act containing this provision is here r^uoted: AN ACT to provide for the payment of certain claims against the Confederate States in the State of Missouri. ******* Sec. 2. All officers and soldiers of the Missouri State Guard, called into the service of the Confederate States by the order of any commanding officer of the Confederate Army, and rendering service to the Confederate States under any agreement made between the authorities of the State of Missouri and those of the Confederate States, shall receive the same pay for the time during which such officers and soldiers may have been in such service as they would have been entitled to receive if belonging to the Confederate Army: Provided, hovever, That all staff officers belonging to said Missouri State Guard shall only receive for their services the same compensation with staff officers discharging like duties in the Confederate Army. * * * * * , * * Approved, September 23, 1862. [Ibid., Series IV, Vol. II, p. 91.] Finally, by tm act approved April 16, 1863, provision was made for the payment of meml)ers of the Missouri State Guard "after their 282 MISSOUET TROOPS CONFEDERATE. transfer to the Confederate States," who, for certain reasons, had not received their pay. This act reads as follows: AN ACT for the relief of certain ottieers and soldiers from the State of Missonri. Till' Congress of the Coiifederaie States of America do enact, That the sum of $75,000 be, and in hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the treasvary not otherwise appropriated, to pay the officers and men of the ^Missouri State Guard (after their transfer to the Confederate States) who, from imprisonment, absence, and other accidental causes, have not received their pay, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of War may prescribe. Approved, April 16, 1863. [Ibid., p. 496.] The military force known as the Missouri State Guard was peculiar, if not unparalleled in the history of the civil war, in that it formed the army of a State which was declared by its chief magistrate to be a "sovereign, free, and independent republic," having "full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and do all other things which independent States may of right do." and as such independent republic formed an alliance, offensive and defensive, with the Confederate States. That these troops rendered gallant service is abundantly shown by the official reports, and to the testimony already recorded in these pages may be added that of the Confederate Congress in a resolution, approved December 3, 1861, of which the following is a copy : A RESOLUTION of thanks to Maj. Gen. Sterling Price and the otficers and soldiers under his com- mand for gallant and meritorious conduct in the present war. Be it resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of the jieople of the Confederate States are eminently due, and are hereby tendered, to Maj. Gen. Sterling Price and the Missouri army under his command for the gallant conduct they have displayed throughout their service in the present war, and espe- cially for the skill, fortitude, and courage by which they gained the ])rilliant achieve- ment at Lexington, Mo., resulting, on the 20th day of September last, in the reduc- tion of that town and the surrender of the entire Federal army there employed. Be it farther resolved, That a copy of this resolution be commuciated by the Presi- dent to General Price, and through him to the army then under his command. Approved, December 3, 1861. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 758.] In the absence of the official returns, the number of men who served in the Missouri State Guard during the period of its service can not be correctly stated, and there are no records on tile in the War Department from which the nuni})er can be approximated with any degree of accu- racy. That the number was large is evident from the documents quoted in this paper and from the number of organizations mentioned in the accompanying schedule, which, in the absence of the muster rolls, has been prepared from such official mention and other data as have been found of record. These schedules show a total of 27 regiments and 3 battalions of cavalry, 10 companies of artillery and 2-7 regiments and 11 battalions of infantry. At the minimum strength of company organi- zations and the mininuun number of companies to a regiment, as hxed by the State law, these would represent a total of about 17,500 men. But it is reasonable to suppose that some of the companies and regi- ments were of the maximum strength, and that large numbers of recruits were received to supply losses f I'om the casualties of the serv- ice. Considering this in connection with the fact that the schedule probably does not inchide all of the organizations actually in existence, it is evident that the luunbers of the Missouri State Guard were very much in excess of the possible minimum above given. MISSOURI VOLUNTEERS, CONFEDERATE SERVICE. Although the early efforts of the authorities of the State of Missouri were directed mainly toward the organization of the Missouri State Guard, a military force formed for the service and in defense of the State of Missouri, measures were simultaneously taken having for their object the enlistment of Missouri volunteers for the Confed- erate service. As early as April 15, 1861, Col, M. Jeff'. Thompson of the Missouri militia, subsequentl}^ a brigadier-general of the Missouri State Guard, offered to the President of the Confederate States the services of several companies of Missouri volunteers. His offer was made in the following terms: St. Joseph, Mo., April 15, 1861. His Excellency Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States, Montgomery, Ala. Sir: Not knowing the name of your adjutant-general or any other proper person to make the inquiries of which I desire, I have taken the liberty of addressing you direct. I am anxious to know whether the Confederate States desire volunteers from the border States, and if there is any regular arrangement for their reception, or whether it is necessary to have any authority Irom. your government before volunteers should be raised. My object in asking is that, should Missouri refuse to join her Southern sisters, I desire and intend to move South, and I can, if acceptable, bring one, two, or three companies of as good and true men as the Southern sun ever shone on, if I can assure them that their officers will be confirmed and commissioned by your government. ******* Yours, respectfully, M. Jeff. Thompson, Colonel, Inspector Fourth Militanj District, Missouri Militia. [Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. I, p. 684.] To this letter the Confederate War Department replied, April 29, 1861, advising Colonel Thompson that in the opinion of the depart- ment the time was rapidly approaching when, with the concurrence of the governor of Missouri, military assistance might be accepted from that State by the Confederate authorities. It was therefore advised that companies, battalions, and regiments be organized and held in readiness for future service. Following is a copy of the War Department letter: War Department, Confederate States of America, Montgomery, April 29, 1861. Col. M. J. Thompson, St. .Toseph, Mo. Sir: Your letter of the 15th of April, addressed to the President, has been referred to this Department, and I am instructed by the Secretary of War to say, in answer to 283 284 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. your proposition, that the time is rapidly approaching, in his opinion, when, with the concurrence of the governor of ^lissouri, military assistance may be accepted from that State by the Confederate States. In view of this gratifying fact, those among you sympathizing with our cause would do well to organize military compa- nies, battalions, and regiments and hold them in readiness for action against our incendiary foe, equally hostile to the entire South. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JoHX Tyler, Jr. [Ibid.., p. 689.] Three days before this respon.se to Colonel Thompson's offer the Confederate Secretary of War had called upon Governor Jackson for a reg-iment of infantry- for service in Viro-inia. His letter is as follows: Montgomery, April 26, 1861. Governor C. F. Jacksox, Jefferson City, Mo.: Can you arm and equip one regiment of infantry for service in Virginia, to rendez- vous at Eichmond? Transportation will be provided by this government. The regiment to elect its own otRcers, and must enlist for not less than twelve months, unless sooner discharged. L. P. AVai.ker. [Ibid.] Governor Jackson replied, in effect, that the State of Missouri was yet in union with the Government of the United States: that he had therefore no legal authority to furnish the men desired, and that the State was deficient in arms. l)ut that there were plent}' of men ready and willing- to march to the defense of the South, and Mis.souri would put 100.000 men in the field, if required. FoUowino- is a copy of his letter: ExEci'TivE Departmext, Jefferson Cit;/, Mo., May 5, 1861. Hon. L. P. "Walker, Sea'etary of TT'or, Montgomery. Sir: Yours of the 26th ultimo, via Louisville, is received. I have no legal author- ity to furnish the men you desire. Missouri, you know, is yet under the tyranny of Lincoln's Government, so far, at least, as forms go. We are woefully deficient here in arms, and can not furnish them at present; but so far as men are concerned we have plenty of them, ready, willing, and anxious t(j max-ch at any moment to the defense of the South. Our legislature has just met, and I doubt not will give me all necessary authority over the matter. If you can arm the men they will go when- ever wanted, and to any point where they may be most needed. I send this to Memphis oy yi ivate hand, being afraid to trust our mails or telegraphs. Let me hear from you by the same means. ^Missouri can and will put 100,000 men in the field if required. We are using every means to arm our people, and until we are better prepared must move cautiously. I write this in confidence. With my prayers for your success, I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. F. Jacksox, Governor of Missouri. [Ibid., p. 690.] On the tith of May Colonel Thompson, of the Missouri militia, again addressed the President, advising him that he was then of the opinion that he and his men would be needed at home. He .said: Headquarters Fourth Military District, Missouri Volunteer Militia, Camp C. F. Jackson, Near St. Joseph. Mo., Monday, May 6, 1861. His Excellency Jeffersox Davis, President of the Confederate States, Montgomery, Ala. Sir: Your favor of the 2.5th ultimo has been received, and I am thankful for your courtesy. I hope, and have reasonable expectations now, that IVIissouri will soon wheel into line with her Southern sisters, in which case I and my men will be needed here at home. I believe that this portion of ^lissouri (north of the 3Iissouri VOLUNTEERS. 285 River) will be the principal battle ground between the North and the South, as St. Joseph, with its railroad connections, is the key to Kansas, New Mexico, Jeffer- son [?], and I'tah, and we have alread}^ been notiified that the North has determined to hold this portion of the State, even though they lose all the rest of the slavehold- ing States, and they will either cover it over with dollars or blood, and the choice is for us to make. I have eight companies here in a camp of instruction by order of our governor, and can assure you that they are all Blue Cockade boys, and if our leaders are disposed to sell this territory for money our blood will remain at jour service. Yours, most respectfully, M. Jeff. Thompson, Colonel, Inspector of Fourtlt Military District. [Ibid.] Under date of July 6, 1861, Hon. E. C. Cabell strongly urg-ed upon the Confederate Gov'ernment the invasion of Missouri b}' the Confed- erate forces and the organization of Missouri troops for the Confederate service. His letter to the President o!i this subject is as follows: Richmond, Va., July 6, 1861. His Excellency Jefferson Davis, Premlent of Confederate States of America. Sir: If not inconsistent with your views of constitutional powers, and if you have the troops at your command, I respectfully recommend that at least 10,000 well- appointed troops be concentrated on the northern border of Arkansas at the earliest practicable moment, within the military district of Brigadier-General Hardee, and a like number, if possible, within the department of Major-General Polk, and that both of these officers be distinctly authorized to enter the State of Missouri, to drive back and to jjursue the enemy now threatening the invasion of Arkansas and a descent on Tennessee, as far into Missouri as they deem prudent and advisal)le. I would also respectfully ask that more specific instructions be given to General McCulloch, author- izing him to enter the State of Missouri with the same object and for the same pur- pose. None but the enemies of the Confederate States and of Missouri will protest against this — none others will object; but all whose wishes you would respect invite and will cordially welcome your troops in the State. I make this request because I have reason to know that the instructions to these officers are of so guarded a character as to produce doubt as to their authority and embarrassment as to their movements. , I also respectfully recommend that, if practicable, the troops destined to operate in north Arkansas and Missouri be armed with umskets with bayonets and that an extra amount of field artillery be sent with them. Any army you maj' send will be immediately reenforced to any extent you may desire by Missourians, armed with the ordinary guns and rifles of the country, and volunteers from that State will be on the spot to serve all the field pieces your army may have.' There will also be at hand as many cavalry as you may want, but not regularly equipped. The INIissourians will furnish promptly men and horses enough to drive every man of the enemy's forces far from Arkansas and back into Illinois. They want arms and organization, espe- cially muskets with bayonets and field artillery. Under command of the accom- plished generals you have sent to Arkansas organizatfon will soon be effected, and the deficiency of small arms, which you can not furnish, will be partially, and per- haps effectively, supplied by the private arms of the Missouri volunteers. In this way, I confidently believe, the enemy may be driven out of Missouri, and thus the safety of Arkansas and Tennessee and of the whole valley of the Mississippi be effectu- ally secured; for the troops of Mr. I^incoln will never venture to descend the river with an enemy in their rear so powerful as the State of Missouri in arms against them and threatening Illinois and Iowa. Thus may the military operations be transferred from Arkansas and Tennessee to Missouri, and the battles of those States be fought on Missouri soil, to which the people of Missouri cordially invite you. The danger of the invasion of Arkansas and the difficulty of driving back the enem3''s forces threatening that State have been greatly increased by the delaj^, for the most part unavoidaV^le, in sending troops to north Arkansas. Three weeks ago half the number would have accomplished the oljject, and every day's delay adds to the difliculties to be overcome. In view of the imjiortance of promjtt action and of the magnitude of the object to be effected, I trust you will pardon me for suggesting that a portion of the troo])s now organized and ready for the field in Noith Carolina, or some other of the Confederate States, be dispatched to General Hardee's com- mand, and that General Polk be instructed to inquire if a portion of his command 286 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. now in Tennessee could not with advantage to the service be ordered to northeast Arkansas. On the ajiproach of any force you may order to the Missouri frontier the citizens of ^Missouri will, as I have intimated, tlock to your standard. They, as well as the executive of the State, desire that the I'hief military operations in the State shall be under the direction of your couinianding otticers when they enti'r ^lissouri. I would therefore suggest that provision l)e made for a much larger force than you may send to Arkansas. There are thousands of Missourians willing and anxious to volunteer in the service of the Confederate States, with the expectation of being emjiloyed in rejKdling the threatened invasion of Arkan.sas, which they know can best, an(i indeed alone, be effected l)y driving l)ack the enemy's forces now in ^Missouri and approach- ing the borders of Arkansas. Please inform me if you will receive vokmteers from INIissouri in companies or regiments, and how many and on what conditions. Their organization may be effected in Missouri, 1)ut if that is deemed unadvisable they may organize iu Arkansas. ]More troo])s will certainly be wanted in that quarter, and 1 suggest that ilissouri volunteers be organized and received, whether they can be armed at present or not. We hope that arms may be had soon, and when they come these troops will be on the spot, ready for action. Missouri can supply brave and loyal men, if organized and armed, not only to drive out the invaders of her soil, but enough to furnish oO,000 good soldiers to tight the l)attles of the Confederate States elsewhere. Colonel Bowen's regiment at ^lemphis is by this time full and with but few arms. It seems to me that there can be no more urgent demand fi>r arms than to complete the arming of this regiment, which I recommend to be sent to General Hardee. I have felt authorized to make these suggestions and recommendations in conse- quence of your invitation to do so at our last personal interview. Your consideration of them, and as earh' a reph' as convenient, will greatly olilige me. I hoped before this to have received an answer to my communication of Ihe 22d of Jime. I have the honor to be, very resjiectfully, your obedient servant, E. C. Cabell. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 603.] To this letter the President replied: Richmond, \a., July S, 1861. Hon. E. C. Cabell. Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge your several letters of June — , 1861, of July 6, 1861, and another of same date, marked private; also a printed copy of the proc- lamation of the governor of Missouri, bearing date June 12, 1861, which was inclosed in the first-named communication. The last paragraph of the proclamation does not quite accord with the general pi'oposition submitted liy you. Accept my thanks for the information furnished In' you. Your recommendations, requests, and sugges- tions have been noted, and your letters referred to the Secretary of War for file and future reference. You have been heretofore advised of the sympathy I feel for the cause of Missouri, so graphically and feelingly described. Constant occupation leaves me little time for correspondence; but, were it otherwise, you surely would not expect me to reply to your requisitions by stating the force and stores of the Confed- erate States to show that your large wants could not now be supplied, or by discuss- ing with you questions of the constitutional power of the Executive. Very respectfully, yours, Jeffehson Davis. [Ibid., p. 605.] Prior to this correspondence, however, one regiment of Missouri volunteers had been accepted into the Confederate service. This reg- iment. Col. John S. Bowen's First Missouri Infantry, was organized June 2-?. 1S«)1. at Memphi.s. Tenn.. and was nuistered into the service of the Confederate States for the period of twelve months. The specitic authority for its oroanization has not been found of I'ecord, but it was probably organized and accepted under an act of the Confederate Con- gress, approved May 11. IStil, which provided, among other things, VOLUNTEERS. 287 that battalions and regiments might )>e enlisted from States not in union with the Confederacy. The text of this enactment is as follows: AN ACT to make further provisions for the [mblic defense. Whereas, war exists l)etween the United States and the Confederate States; and Whereas, the pubHc welfare may require the reception of volunteer forces into the service of the Confederate States without the formality and delay of a call upon the respective states: [Therefore,] TJie Congrefis of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the Pi'esident be authorized to receive into service such companies, battalions, or regiments, either mounted or on foot, as may tender themselves, and he may require, without the delay of a formal call ujion the respective States, to serve for such time as he may pi'escribe. Sec. 2. Such volunteer forces who may be accepted under this act, except as herein differently provided, shall be organized in accordance with and subject to all the provisions of the act entitled "An act to provide for the public defense," and be entitled to all the allowances provided therein; and when mustered into service may be attached to such divisions, brigades, or regiments as the President may direct, or ordered upon such independent or detached service as the President may deem expedient: Provided, hoverer, That battalions and regiments may be enlisted from States not of this Confederacy, and the President may appoint all or any of the field officers thereof. Sec. 3. The President shall be authorized to commission all officers entitled to commissions of such volunteer forces as may ))e received under the provisions of this act. And upon the request of the officer ^commanding such volunteer regiment, bat- talion, or company the President may attach a supernumerary officer to each com- pany, detailed from the Regular Army for that purpose, and for such time as the President may direct. Approved, May 11, 1861. [Ibid., Series IV, Vol. I, p. 310.] Further legislation followed, authorizing the organization for the Confederate service of troops from States not of the Confederacy. By an act of the Confederate Congress approved August 8, 1861, the President was authorized to grant commissions for the purpose of raising regiments and battalions to be composed of residents of certain border States, including the State of Missouri. Following is a cop3^ of the act: AN ACT to authorize the President of the Confederate States to grant commissions to raise volunteer regiments and battalii )ns comijosed of persons who are or have been residents of the States of Ken- tuclcy, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware. The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the President of the Confederate States be, and he is hereby, authorized to grant commissions to officers above the grade of captain to such persons as he may think fit, to raise and command volunteer regiments and battalions for the service of the Confederate States, said regiments and battalions to be composed of persons who are or have been residents of the States of Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, or Delaware, and who have enlisted or may enlist under said officers, upon the condition, however, that such officers shall not hold rank or receive pay until such regiments or battalions have been raised and are mustered into service. Approved, August 8, 1861. [Ibid., p. 536.] The iirst legislative authority for the organization within the State of Missouri of volunteers for the Confederate service is, however, foimd in an act of the Confederate Congress, approved August 20, 1861, entitled "An act to aid the State of Missouri in repelling inva- sion by the United States, and to authorize the admission of said State as a member of the Confederate States of America, and for other pur- poses." This act, in so far as it relates to the admission of the State of Missouri to the Confederate States and the formation of a prelimi- 288 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. nary alliance between the Confederacy and the State of Missouri, has heretofore been quoted in this paper. That portion of the act relating- to the admission of Missouri tro()i)s to the Confederate service is as follows: AVhereas, the iH'o])le of the State of Missouri have been prevented ))y tiie unconsti- tutional interference of the (ioverinnent of the United States from expressing their will tlirou<);li their leijally constituted authorities in regard to a union with the Con- federate States of America, and are now engageti in repelling a lawless invasion of tlieir territory by armed forces; and Whereas, it is the right and dtity of the C-onfederate States to aid the people and government of the said State in resisting such invasion, and in securing the means and the opportunity of expressing their will upon all questions affecting their rights and liberties: Now, therefore. The C())i(/ri'S!< of the Confi'(ler(tte StatcH of America do mart, That tlie President of the Confederate States of America be, and he is herel)y, authorized to cooperate through the military power of this (.lovernment with the authorities and the people of the State of Missouri in defending tliat State against a lawless invasion by the United States, and in maintaining the liberty and independence of her people, and that he be authorized and empowered, at his discretion, to receive and nnister into the service of tlie Confederate States, in the State of Missouri, such troops of that State as may volunteer to serve in the Army of the Confederate States, subject to the rules and regulations uf saition of volunteers into the military service of the Confederate States from among persons who are, or have been, residents of the States of Ken- tucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware. Sec. 2. That the President be authorized to grant commissions as captains to such persons as he may think tit to raise and command companies to be composed of .such volunteers; upon the condition, however, that such officers shall not hold rank or receive pay until such companies have been raised and are mustered into service. Sec. 3. Whenever such recruits shall amount to a sufficient number to be formed into companies, the President may direct the same to be so organized, a]>poiiiting all connnissioned oihcers of the several companies in aildition to the captains provided for in the iireceding section. And such companies may be organizetl into regiments in like manner under the direction of the President. Sicc. 4. Until such recruits shall aniovmt to a sufiicient number to be organized into comjtanies, they shall receive no comi)cnsation except their clothing anpointmi'ut of officerf<. — Company officers: Each company elects its captain and lieutenants. The captain of each company selects the ser- geants, corporals, nuisicians, and artificers from his company, and they receive their warrants from the colonel upon his approval of tlie appointments. Regimental officers: The connnissioned officers of eacli regiment elect the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major. The I'olonel appoints the adjutant from the lieutenants of the regiment, and the sergeant-major and (luartermaster-sergeant from the enlisted men. The President will, ujion the colonel's recommendation, appoint, whenever their services are recjuired, an assistant quartermaster and assistant commissary, a surgeon and assistant surgeon, for each regiment. Fifth. Whenever a sufficient numlier of troops shall have been thus enlisted, organized, armed, and ecjuii^ped, the muster rolls will l)e sent to the Secretary of War, and the troops will therel)v l)e transferred to the Confederate Army. Tlie President will immediately coimnission the oflicers and provide for and jiay the troops. The President will at the .^ame time organize the troops thus transferreoiut l)rigadier-geni'rais and a major-general from Missouri. Sixth. The term of service will l)egin froni the day of the organizati(jn of the company and will end twelve months after that date. VOLUNTEERS. 291 Seventh. The officers will be commissioned in the Confederate Army, and their commissions will be dated upon the day of their transfer to that service. Eighth. Pcni, etc.: Until the troops shall have been transferred to the Confederate States they will be j^aid by the State, the Confederate States guaranteeing, however, that they will be pai men, but it is probable that the object of that call was to secure men for the Missouri State Guard. On the 9th of December, 1861, Col. Henry Little was assigned b}" General Price to the command of the new volunteer corps. He was directed to select a suitable encampment and proceed with the work of organization. Following is a copy of General Price's order: General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, No. 119. j Camp on Sac River, December 9, 1861. I. In accordance with General Orders, No. 109, Col. Henry Little, Missouri State Guard and Confederate States Army, is hereby assigned to the command of the new volunteer corps. Colonel Little will select a suitable encampment and proceed to organize the volunteers as prescribed in said order. All companies, squads, and indi- viduals will report to him without delay. To all squads who haA'e entered this vol- unteer corps the commander of the division to which they belonged will cause to be delivered a pro rata proportion of the camp and garrison equipage and transporta- tion. A whole company will bring with them the camp and garrison equipage which thej^ now have in possession. All such articles will be receipted for by the quarter- master of the volunteer corps. This will also apply to arms, equipments, and ammunition, which will be receipted for by the ordnance officer of the volunteer corps. II. Capt. Wright C. Schaumburg is appointed adjutant and quartermaster and commissar v of the corps. * ' * * * * * * By order of Maj. Gen. S. Price: H. Little, Adjutant- Genera I. [Ibid. p. 7o9.] 292 MISSOURI TR(H^PS CONFEDERATE. No official copy of (roneral Orders, No. 109, mentioned in the order just quoted, has been found, but it is pul)lishod in full by R. S. Bevier in his History of the First and Second ^lissouri Confederate Brio-ade.';> (p. 74), from which it is here reproduced: General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, No. 109. i Cam2J on Sac River, December 2, 1861. I. A separate encampment will be forthwith established for the troops voluntering- to enter the Provisional Army of the Confederate States, npon the terms stated in the circniar issned by Major-General Price on the 25th day of November last. II. All such volunteers will be admitted into the encampment either by companies, in squads, or individually. III. All individual volunteers and squads of less than twenty-five men will be organized into detachments for the purpose of transportation, subsistence, drill, and discipline, and temporary othcers will be appointed over them by Major-General Price. IV. Muster rolls will, however, be furnished to squads of ten men or more pro- posing to organize a company, and they may establish within the encampment a recruiting rendezvous for such company. V. Whenever twenty-tive or more men may volunteer to form a company, or any squad referred to in the last section shall be augmented to twenty-five men, they may be temporarily organized into a separate detachment, under the command of an officer to be appointed by the major-general, and who shall hold his office until the detach- ment shall have recruited to the leg&l standard, when an election of company officers will be held and the company duly organized. VI. The major-general will appoint a competent officer with a sufficient staff to^ command this volunteer corps. A regiment will be duly organized whenever a suffi- cient number of companies shall have been formed. VII. Companies may be organized without regard to the division of the State inta military districts, and the major-general will furnish discharges to any number of the State Guard who will enlist in the volunteer corps. VIII. Until the muster rolls shall have been transferred to the Confederate gov- ernment the major-general will grant a discharge to any volunteer who shall furnish a substitute who will serve twelve months from the date of his substitution. IX. The volunteeer corps will be armed, equipped, tented, and clothed by the government, with as much uniformity as possible, out of the first supplies which shall be received. X. The regulations for the government of the Army of the Confederate States will be enforced in this corps. XI. Volunteers will report themselves to Col. Thomas L. Snead, so that they may be duly sworn into the service. By order of Maj. Gen. S. Price: H. Little, Adjutant- General. On the 13th of December Governor Jackson issued an address to the officers and soldiers of the Missouri State Guard and his fellow-citizens of the State, appealing- to them to enter the service of the Confederate States. Again it becomes necessary to refer to an unofficial publication, no copy of Governor Jackson's proclamation having been found among the records preserved in the War Department. The proclamation, as published in Moore's Rebellion Record (Vol. Ill, Docs., p. 471), reads as follows: Officers and Soldiers of tlie Missouri State Guard, and Fellow-citizens: In the month of June last, after having exhausted every honorable means of avert- ing the calamities of civil war, I called upon the State for 50,000 vohinteers to drive the ruthless bands of hired invaders from our soil. Before making that call, I had asked that you might have the privilege of determining at the polls in a peaceable manner your future political relations with the United States, determined on my part to abide that decision whatever it might be. That privilege — a right which belongs to every freeman — was denied you. Our enemies chose to submit your rights to the arbitrament of the sword, and we accept the issue so boastingly ten- dered us. VOLUNTEERS. 293 There was no alternative left. We had either to draw the sword and defend our rights or, like slaves, submit to the worst despotism on earth. Between these I could not and did not hesitate. I chose the former, and hence, from that time to the present, grim-visaged war has stalkeil through our State from the Nishnabotna to the St. Francois; from the Des Moines to the Neosha, and in his trail have fol- lowed charred walls, blood-stained fields, and desolate homes. When the circumstances by which we were surrounded are considered, it must be acknowledged that the State responded nobly to my call; and to you who left all the comforts of home and for six long months have been enduring all the hardshii:)S and sufferings of a soldier's life, too much praise and credit can not l^e given. Patiently have you borne the burning rays of the summer's sun, the beating storm, chilling blasts, and sickening hunger pains; and nobly have you stood upon the battlefield amid showering balls, bursting bombs, and charging horse. Yea, more than this, you have dared the burning fever, the feeble pulse, and risked the solitary grave with all of a patriot's faith and hope. These things have you done, my brave soldiers, but our work is not complete yet, for war, with its horrors and train of suffering, still hovers over our beloved State. We are fighting for liberty, equality, and independence, and can never leave the field while the foot of an enemy shall be left to pollute our soil. Everything on earth that renders life valuable and dear to freemen is at stake, and none but the basest slave and craven coward can yield in such a contest. Not so with the enemy. We seek not his subjugation, his country, or his home. He can quit the field, retire to his home, and thereby give peace and happiness to a bleeding and suffering country. He can by these means at once close the unrelenting crusade which he is now wag- ing against us. Our enemies in the State, though impudently and arrogantly asserting that a majority of the people are on their side, have by their own conduct given most indu- bitable evidence that all their claims are false, or that they themselves are too cow- ardly to fight their own battles. Are there any so blind among them as not to see that the predominant feeling in the State is with the South? Do they not know that an overwhelming majority of the people will never submit to the rule of an abolition despotism? Are they not aware that the usurpations of their defunct convention are almost universally con- demned by the people? If all these things are not well known to them, why did the convention, at its recent sitting, rescind their ordinance of a former session, sul)- mitting their high-handed usurpations to a vote of the people for ratification? They know, and everybody knows, that the people would have put their seal of condem- nation, in thunder tones, upon all their unholy deeds, had the opportunity been afforded them. Why, if they have the majority, did they import regiment after regiment, brigade after brigade, general after general, from the ranks of Lincoln's hired hordes in the North to fight their battles in Missouri? Our friends from the South were never invited into Missouri until the Lincoln Government had quartered their Hessian troops all over the State. These troops thus quartered in our midst have been met upon every field, with few exceptions, by Missouri's sons alone, and with almost unvaried success. Now, when we have the assistance of the rich and powerful Southern Confederacy, with all her vast resources, and her gallant sons to stand by our sides, what must be the result? If any among us have hitherto entertained the idea that Missouri can be conquered, let them at once and forever banish the delu- sion from their minds. By your own strong arms and willing hearts, and dauntless courage, you have passed successfully through the darkest hour and greatest peril which can possibly attend the unholy crusade now being waged against you. Our enemies must have been brought to know that a bloody revenge must and Avill follow a co^jtinuance of our persecution. It can not be supposed that a large majority of our people are to be driven from their homes and firesides, and forced to surrender up the graves of their fathers and their children to Northern invaders. This can never be done as long as a man can be found or an arm shall be left to strike a blow. Overwhelming numVjers may sometimes force us to retreat; circumstances may occasionally cause us to fall back; l)ut, as certain as God reigns in Heaven, we will return again and again, until the last man shall have perished, or we shall have reclaimed our homes. I have said, and now rejieat it, that our enemies can at any moment leave the field in safety and retire to their homes, whereas we can never lay down our arms with- out dishonor while an enemy shall pollute our soil with his unhallowed tread. Honor and patriotism alike forliid it. The memories of the past and the hopes of the future equally forbid it. The question for Missouri to determine is now resolved into this single proposition: Shall she be the empire State of the glorious Southern Confed- 294 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. eracy, the l)riy:ht star and peer of Vir^nnia, in tlie Southern cons^tellation, or nhall she ignoniiniously submit to the abolition yf)ke of Northern fanaticism — c'onassage; also an amendment to the sequestration act protecting our people against the confiscations of the Gamble government in Missouri and to secui'e us against the payment of taxes to both governments. It is with the highest gratification we are able to state that our reception here by the Congress and people has been of the kindest nature, and permit us to say further that your name and praise are identical with that of Missouri in the gallant struggle through which she is passing. We inclose instructions from the Secretary of War in regard to the organization of our forces as Confederate troops, and would suggest that the transfer be made as soon as possible, and we would further suggest that you dispatch to us immediately a courier with any suggestions in relation to the service you may think proper, and any intelligence of interest to the pul)lic. We will, as soon as possible, establish a line of coui'iers to your headquarters by an act of Congress. Very respectfully, John B. Cl.\kk. C. W. Bell. TiioM.\s A. Hakris. Thos. W. Freeman. Wm. ]M. Cooke. G. G. Vest. A. H. CONKOW. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. LI 1 1, p. 7(31.] The criticism of Governor Jack.soii in the k'tter Ui.st quoted was doubtless due to certain expressions in a letter addressed b}^ him to VOLUNTEERS. 297 the President, November 5, 1861, tran.smitting- the acts of the general assenibl}' of the State prepai'atory to organic union with the Con- federate States. In that letter Governor Jackson said, referring to the expected union: As soon as this may be done I desire that the Missouri forces shall be reorganized at the earliest practicable moment under the Confederate Government and a general appointed at once to command all the forces that may be ordered to Missouri. Who the man shall be is of no consequence to me. I have full confidence in your good judgment, and doubt not you will give us the best man you can. General Bragg would be very acceptable, but we will all be satisfied with anyone you may select. You know better than I that an army to be successful can have but one head, and that should be a good one. It may possibly be known to you that heretofore there has not been that degree of harmonj' and concert of action between (jenerals Price and ]McCulloch that should exist between officers laboring in a common cause. While this has been the case hitherto to some extent, I am rejoiced now to be able to say that a restoration of the most amicable relations has been effected and that they and their armies are now cooperating together in the most harmonious manner. [Ibid., p. 755.] On December 20, 1801, the President wrote to General Price, express- ing his regard for the welfare of Missouri and his desire for a tender of troops from that State, to be organized into l)rigades and divisions under the laws of the Confederate States. Following is a copy of his letter: Richmond, Va., December 20, 1861. Gen. Sterling Price, Commanding Miswuri Force'?. My Dear General: I have received, with much pleasure, your letter of the 10th ultimo, with the inclosed correspondence. It was not needed to make me appreciate the difficulties and embarrassments under which you have labored nor the sacrifices and devotion displayed in the cause of Missouri and the South. For all this you have not only my thanks and those of the good people of your own State, but also those of the whole South. We here have not forgotten you; but, on the contrary, have been most anxious to give to Missouri all the aid in our power, and have been hope- fully looking for the tender of troops from ^Missouri and Arkan.sas, to be organized into brigades and divisions imder the laws of the Confederate States. We have at present no troops to give you except those under General McCuUoch, and you are aware of their condition. I was sorry to learn from Colonel Cooke that the term of service of your forces is for so short a ]ieriod, and that the term of enlistment of so many is about to expire. You know the disadvantage of short terms of service. Can you not organize a force for the war? So long as it lasts the people of the country in which it is carried on must engage in it, and, until our independence is recognized and peace restored, the onlv question should be, how can these ends be l)est promoted? "* «■ * * * * * You may rest assured that the welfare of Missouri is as dear to me as that of other States of the Confederacy, and that I will do all in my power to assist her in her struggle to maintain the common cause and to vindicate her freedom and sovereignty. Accept my most friendly remem))rance and assurances of my best wishes for your success and happiness. Very respectfully and truly, yours, Jefferson Davis. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 716.] On the following day the President addressed Governor Jackson, urging the tender of troops to the Confederate Government, in order that they might ))e duly organized and general officers appointed. He .*^aid : Richmond, Va., December 21, 1861. His Excellency the Governor of Missouri. Mv Dear Sir: We are anxious that the troops of Missouri should be tendered to the Confederate Government, in order that they may be organized into Ijrigades and divisions and general officers appointed for tiiem, or if preferable to them, received 298 MISSOURI TROOPS CONBEDEKATE. as independent companies or battalions, for such further organization as the interest of the service and the character of the troops may indicate. By this it is thought that their etticiency will be increased, and that they will be relieved from the anomalous position they now occupy as militia of the Confederate States without being a |)art of their organized army. Tliis arrangement seems very desirable to me, both for the sake of the Missouri troops and the advancement of our cause, and I hope it will meet with your concur- rence. Very respectfully and truly, yours, Jeffeksox Davis. [Ibid., p. 717.] To this letter Governor Jackson replied, December 30, 1861, as follows: New Orleans, December 30, 18H1. His Excellency the President of the Confederate States. Sir: Your letter of the 21st instant, forwarded by Colonel Uaines, has been received. With respect to the matter of transferring the Missouri troops to the Con- federate (lovernment, I have to say that the measure has not only my concurrence but my hearty approval. The moment I received intelligence that Missouri had been admitted a mend^er of the Confederacy I wrote to General Price, urging him to have the transfer made at the earliest moment and to get the troops ''jor the war" if possible. What success has attended the general's efforts I have no means of knowing, not having heard from him since. Surrounded, however, as he is with embarrassments of the greatest magnitude, his men borne down by all the hardships and privations of a summer's campaign, dis- couraged and disheartened as they must feel from having been abandoned by every Confederate soldier from the other States, and being left alone to face a foe of more than five times their strength, poorly clad, and suffering for the want of a proper supply of provisions, I can scarcely expect the most favorable results. For more than six month the ^Missouri army, almost single-handed, have successfully held in check the Lincoln forces in our State. From time to time they have been promised assistance from the C'onfederate States, but it has not come — so far from it, indeed, what few Confederate troops were upon our border and within the State have been withdrawn from it, marched down to the Arkansas River, and put into winter quarters more than iwo months before winter had set in. Not the foot of a Southern soldier now treads the soil of Missouri, except the men under the command of Price and Thompson. General Price and his men being thus forsaken by those on whom they relied for aid, their State being left to the mercy of the thieving Jayhawker and murderous Hessian, their towns and their houses destroyed by tire, their property stolen, their country laid waste, and their wives and children driven from their homes to perish or to live as best they can, you may rely upon it, Mr. President, that men thus abandoned, however nuich they may love the gallant chief who has so nobly and successfully led them to victory upon every field, and however much they may be devoted to the cause for which they have so fearlessly and cheerfully fought, it can scarcely be expected they will enter the Confederate Army with tliat alacrity and promptness they would do under more favorable auspices. Their confidence in the good faith of the Co^nfederate Government has to some extent been shaken in not having received the support of the Confederate troops stationed upon their border during the summer. They have not been able to see why the troops under General McCulloch did not cooperate with them in their march to Lexington, and in the reduction of that place. They believe that with the aid of the Confederate forces then in the State we could have held that place, and by so doing could have doubled the strength of our army. Deprived of that support, the army was forced by the overwhelming numbers of the enemy to fall back upon our southern border. After the evacuation of Springfield by the Federal forces General Price again determined to march toward Lexington and try once more to strengthen liis army with new recruits and turn over to the Confederate Government his entire force, Imt in this effort, as in the former, he was unsupi)orted by the Confederate troops, and doomed to the alternative of going alone. What success has attended him I am unable to say. AVith all ni_v confidence in his energy, skill, and courage, I can not but feel the most anxious solicitude for the safety of himself and men, knowing as I do the difficulties and perils by which he is surrounded. VOLUNTEERS. 299 It gives me no pleasure to recite these recurrences, and I pray you not to under- stand me as doing so in any spirit of complaint against tlie good faith of the Con- federate Government toward Missouri. An imperative sense of duty to my State, to General Price, and the brave men who have so faithfully served their country under him, require, in my judgment, that you should know all the facts in the case, and I ask that you will give them the consideration due them. That General Price will exert himself to the utmost in raising men for the Con- federate service I have no shadow of doubt; but if his efforts shall not be crowned ■with that success we have so earnestly hoped for, it is due to him and to the country that the reasons should be known. Without intending to have been importunate I have felt it my duty to urge again and again, as you are aware, the appointment of General Price to the chief command of the Western Department. I think him the man for the place. Those who have served under him and who know him best, as well as the whole country, believe him to be the man. If it could be announced in his camp to-day that he is to command, there would be one universal shout of joy, and such an impetus would be given to the work of recruiting as nothing else can impart to it. If I did not feel so deeply impressed with the importance of an early, if not imme- diate, appointment for the Western Dei^artment, I should not press the matter further upon your consideration. ^Nluch, very much, in my judgment, depends upon early action. I hope you have already been clothed with power to make the appoint- ment. If you have not, Congress surely will not delay in conferring it when interests so vital to the safety of the country are at stake. I have the honor to be, etc., C. F. Jackson. [Ibid., p. 724.] On the same date Governor Jackson wrote to General Price: New Orleans, December 30, 1861. Major-General Price: My Dear General: The bearer of this letter will hand you several dispatches from Richmond, which will acquaint you with what is going on there. I have read the letter which the President has addressed to you. I send you the one he addressed to me, and likewise a copy of my answer to him. I think the time has come when we should speak out in plain terms. I have endeavored to call the attention of Mr. Davis to the true condition of things in Missouri, and have urged the necessity of prompt action in the premises. Whether we shall succeed in getting it I am unable to say. Why it is that he can not give you the appointment at once I am utterly at a loss to determine. He c-ertainly had it in contemplation to appoint Colonel Heth to the chief command, or Mr. Hunter's dispatch to me was sent with- out authority, and this Mr. Hunter certainly would not do. If, then, the President had the power to appoint Colonel Heth, I can not see why he has not the authority to appoint you. I am free to acknowledge there is a mystery about this whole affair which I do not comprehend. I hope all is right, and, indeed, I have the strongest faith that you will yet receive the appointment. I know- how easy it is for the acts and intentions of public men to be misunderstood, and how common it is for ill-disposed persons to cry a man down without any just cause, and therefore I will not censure the President until I know he has wronged us. ******* Faithfully, your friend, C. F. Jackson. [Ibid., p. 725.] On the 8th of January, 1802, the President replied to Governor Jackson's letter of December 30, 1861, as follows: Richmond, Va., Januarys, 1862. Governor C. F. Jackson. Sir: Your letter of the 30th ultimo, sent me through the Hon. Jno. B. Clark, together with one addressed to himself, has been this day received. Viewed as a reply to mine of the 21st, it is most extraordinary that you should recite the suffer- ings and ask me to appoint a commander of the militia over which you have control, and concerning the transfer of whom I iiad written to you, pointing" out the necessity for their tender to the Confederate Government in order that they might be put on 300 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. the footing of other voUiiiteers in the Confederate service, that brigades and divisions might be organizeii, and commanding generals be appointed for them. You seem only to remember what others have not done, else in enumerating the privations of your own militia, not mustered into the Confederate service, you would have men- tioned the relief afforded to them by the agent of the Confederate Government, sent by me with money to cover more than the objects you and General Atchison origi- nally specified. Yuu speak of delay and neglect of Missouri by the authorities at Richmond. In ■what our delay consists and wherein our neglect has been manifested you do not state, but it would seem to have been in not appointing a general before we had troops for him, or in not appinnting him to command your militia, and in not having an organized army in your State when you have not furnished to me a regiment; and now when we want muster rolls, to send me only your reasons why the Missouri volunteers may not be willing to enter the service of the Confederate States and con- tribute to make up the army which is needed to defend Missouri. Though your letter was written at New Orleans, as you do not say how long you will remain there I send this to Memphis under the expectation that you will return to that place or to Missouri, and take the occasion to renew my request for the tender of any armed troops which you may be able to offer to the Confederate States for the common defense or for the local defense of Missouri. Very respectfully, yours, etc., Jefferson Davis. [Ibid., p. 733.] On the same date the President also wrote to Hon. John B. Clark: Richmond, Va., January 8, 1862. Hon. John B. Clark, Richmond, Va. Sir: I have read the two letters from Governor Jackson sent by you this day. The governor speaks of delay by the authorities at Richmond and neglect of the interests of Missouri, and expresses the hope that he has said enough to be well understood by me. When I remember that he writes in reply to my call upon him to hasten the tender of Missouri troops, so that they should l)e put upon the footing of those of other States, and with a knowledge that as militia of the State I had no power to organize or appoint a commander for them, and that it was his duty to attend to their wants, but that I had sent an agent for the Confederate Government as far as prac- ticable to furnish the necessary supplies to the militia of Missouri actually in serv- ice, I can only say I hope he is not understood by me. It is but a short time since, in a conversation of ours, I freely explained to you the case so far as I am connected with it, and there is nothing for me to add to what you then seemed to consider conclusive. Very respectfully, yours, etc., Jefferson Davis. [Ibid., Series I, VoI.'lIII, p. 767.] On the 1st of January, 1862, Brig. Gen. M. Jeff. Thompson, of the Missouri State Guard, addressed a letter to General Price in which he said, relative to the discouragements met with in the enlistment of troops for the Confederate service: New Madrid, Mo., January 1, 1862. Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, Missouri Slate Guard, in Camp. Dear General: The instructions from your headquarters and your circular were received, and 1 have endeavored as far as possible to comply with your orders. I have, however, l)een very much discouraged l)y the action of my command and, from newspaper rumors, I am fearful you have suffered in the same way. I endeavored to get all to disband and reorganize on the same day, each company of men selecting at once their new othcers, and without any cessation to go on with our good work, but I could not get a ciirporal's guard to agree to reenlist without fir.-^t returning home, or taking the Christmas holidays, or some other excuse, and I had to adoj^t a plan to suit the condition of things; it was to march each regiment to the nearest safe point to the majority of their homes, and, setting different days for them to dis- band, to endeavor to induce them to reenlist. Of those disbanded at this place but few have volunteered up to this time. The Stoddard County regiment disl)ands this (lay at Camj) Blanton, in Stoddard County. The Dunklin County regiment disl)ands on the 4th at Clarkton, and the Ripley County regiment disbands on the e, and he is hereby, anthorized to appoint, by and with tlie advice and consent of Congress, such major and lirigadier generals, field, staff, and company officers, as the interests of the connnon defense may require. Skc. 2. The officers appointed under the provisions of this act shall be entitled to rank and receive pay from the date of their respective apj)ointments, and shall be assigned to the innnediate duty of raising and organizing Confederate troops in the State of Missouri; and if such officers shall not, within a reasonable time, report their appropriate commands organized and ready for duty, the President may, in his dis- cretion, vacate their commissions. Sec. 3. The officers and men raised under the provisions of this act shall be subject to all the rules and regulations for the government of tlie Provisional Army of the Confederate States, in like manner as other troops of the Provisional Army. Alexander H. Stephens, I certify that this act passed the Congress. [Ibid.] Pre»ident of iJie Congress, jvo tempore. January 13, 1862. J. J. Hooper, Secretary. This bill was returned by the President without his approval, for reasons stated ])v him, as follows: Executive Office, .Tdnuanj 22, 1862. To the Congress of the Confederate States: After mature deliberation I have not been able to approve the bill herewith returned, entitled "An act to provide for raising and organizing in the State of Mis- souri additional forces for the Provisional Army of the Confederate States." In a message just submitted to the Congress in relation to certain forces to be raised in the State of Texas, I have stated the objections entertained to any legislative discrimina- tion for or against a jiarticular State, thereby disturbing the harmony of the sys- tem adopted for the common defense. In a bill very recently passed by the Congress a new plan has been established for raising and organizing troops for the Confederate service. P>y the provisions of this last-mentioned law you have given me authority to raise aiul organize troops in all the States by granting commissions in advance of the actual enlistment of the troops to officers below the grade of general officers and above that of subalterns. To the officers thus commissioned yon do not give any pay or allowances until the actual organization of the companies, l)attalions, or regi- ments that the officers so commissioned were empowered to raise, and you do not allow pay, but have even prohibited the allowance of subsistence or transportation to the men enrolled in order to enable them to reach the rendezvous of their com- panies. By the terms of the bill now returned an exception is made in favor of the State of ^Missouri alone. By the provisions of the liill it is contemplated that advance commissions shall be granted to officers of all grades from the highest general officer of the Provisional Army to the lowest suljaltern of a company, and that the officers whether of the staff or the line thus appointed shall receive pay from the date of their respective appointments without any condition rendering this pay dependent on their success in raising troops. The general bill which has now become a law ajiplicable to ^Missouri as to all the other States fixes a reasonable term within which officers commissioned in advance must succeed in raising troops under jienalty of forfeiting their commissions. The present bill removes this salutary restriction and vests in the Executive the dangerous power not only of ajipointing at his discretion an unliniite(l number of military ofiicers irrespective of any troops to be commanded by them, but allows him to retain the officers so appointed in the public service at the pul>Hc exi)ense (luring the Exectitive pleasure. I am not able to perceive in the present condition of public affairs in the State of ^Missouri the necessity which would form the only possible excuse for a grant of such power to a constitutional Executive. I receive assurances from those whose sources of information are entirely relialile that the raising and organization of troops in ^Missouri for service in the Confederate Army are successfully progressing, and that within a very few days the muster rolls will be received, thus placing it in my power voluntep:rs. 803 to organize the army in tliat State on precisely the same footing as in all the others, and thus avoid any need for exceptional legislation. In addition to these objections founded on principle there would be a practicable difficulty in the operation of the bill, which appears insurmountable. All the troops now in service in the State of Missouri are State troops, commanded bj' State officers, which have never been tendered or received in the Confederate service. In exercis- ing the power of appointment proposeci to be vested in me by the bill the best hope for success in its purpose would be founded on selecting those officers who had dis- tinguished themselves in command and had become endeared to the troops. But this would l)e to deprive the State troops of their commanding officers during the ■whole period necessary for the enrollment and organization of the troops unfler Con- federate laws. Missouri would thus be left comparatively defenseless while the reorganization was progressing. Therefore, regarding this bill as impolitic and tinnecessary, it is submitted for your reconsideration. Jefferson Davis. [Ibid., p. 771.] It may here be stated that by an act approved February 17, 1862, the act "passed January ninth, eighteen hundred and sixty -two," quoted above, was repealed. (Official Records of the Union and Con- federate Armies, Series IV, Vol. 1, p. 943.) Notwithstanding" the obstacles in the way of recruiting for the Con- federate service, General Price was a))le to report on the 17th of January, 1802, that two regiments of infantry, one of cavalry, and two batteries of light artiller}^ had been organized, and that several other regiments of infantry, a regiment of cavalry, and several com- panies of artillery were in a forward state of enlistment. Following is a copy of his report: Headquarters Missouri State Guard, Springfield, Januarij 17, 1862. Hon. J. P. Ben.tamin, Secret ary of War, Richiiiorid, Va. Sir: I have the honor to inform you that two regiments of infantry, Colonels Bur- bridge and Rives; one regiment of cavalry, Colonel Gates; two light batteries, one of six pieces, Captain Wade, the other of four pieces, Capt. S. Churchill Clark, have been organized here in conformity to the laws of the Confederate States for service in the Provisional Army. The muster rolls are being rapidly made out, and will be transmitted to you within five or six days. I have organized these regiments and batteries into a temporary brigade, under the command of Col. Henry Little, Confedera'te States Army. I hope that it will be the President's pleasure to accept the transfer of these troops without any unnece.ssary delay and as tendered of this date. The infantry regiments and the artillery companies are fully armed and equipped. The cavalry I'egiment is well armed and equipped, and will be completely armed and equipped by the State. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Sterling Price, Major -General, Commanding Missouri State Guard. P. S. — Several other regiments of infantry, a regiment of cavalry (for the war), and several companies of artillery are in a forward state of enlistment, and I expect to have the pleasure of transmitting to you the nmster rolls of several additional brigades within a very few weeks. Yours, very respectfully, Sterling Price, Major-General, Mis.wxri State Guard. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 736.] On the 2;3d of January General Price pronuilgated a general order providing, among other things, for the distribution of the volunteer troops into brigades and battalions. This order reads as follows: General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, No. 26. i Springfield, Mo., January 33, 186£. I. The volunteer force will be distributed until further orders into two brigades and an extra battalion. 304 MISSOURI TROOPS CONB'EDERATE. II. The following troops will constitute the First Brigade: 1. The First Regiment Cavalry, Colonel (Jates. 2. The First Ivegiincnt Infantry, Colonel Hurbridge. ;-{. The Second keginient Infantry, Colonel Uives. 4. Captain Wade's battery. 5. Cajitain Clark's battery. Col. Henry Little will assume command of this brigade, and appoint, witli the major-general's ap|)roval. a brigade staff, consisting of: 1. An adjutant, with the rank of captain. 2. An inspector, with the rank of caiitain. 3. An ordnance otlicer, with the rank of captain. 4. A quartermaster, with the rank of major. 5. A commissary, with the rank of major. 6. An aide-de-camp, with the rank of first lieutenant. 7. A surgeon. III. The following troops will, until further orders, constitute the Second Brigade: 1. Colonel Bevier's battalion of infantry. 2. Colonel Rosser's battalion of infantry. 3. Colonel McCulIoch's })attalion of cavalry. 4. Captain Lucas's s(|uatl of artillery. 5. Captain Landis's s(|uad of artillery, together with all other battalions, S(juads, and individuals that do not enlist in either the First Brigade or the extra 1)attalion. IV. The extra battalion will compose all volunteers who do not enlist in either the First or Secontl Brigades, and will be under the command of General JMcBride or some officer designated by him. V. Gen. William Y. Slack will assume connnand of the Second Brigade, and, with the major-general's ai>proval, appoint such staff officers as the exigencies of the service may require. He will, further, establish an encampment and order into it all volunteers who have not already been enrolled in or who shall not innnediately cause themselves to l)e enrolled in either the First Brigade or the extra battalion. This order will be rigirmgjield, Mo. Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter of 17th ultimo. I am much gratified to learn that you are proceeding successfully in the effort to organize troops for service under the Confederacy and have already a brigade under Col. Henry Little. The President, whose intention it has always been to secure your services in the common cause as soon as a numVjer of troops could be mustered in from Missouri sufficient to form a division, at first thought of tendering you the nomination of com- mander of the brigade already formed as a preliminary to the further nomination to command a division as soon as another brigade could be formed, but he has been arrested by the fear that your removal from the command of the State troops before the transfer was complete might have the effect of breaking up your present forces before your new command was organized. I have to request that at your earliest convenience you forward to me (and it will be held confidential if you wish it ) a list of the officers of your State troops compe- tent, in your opinion, to command brigades, in the order of their merit. It is a most difficult and thankless task to select commanders, and at this distance from the scene of action we are entirely at a loss how to determine on the capacity of those recommended for high military commands. You seem from the terms of your letter to be under some misapprehension when you say that you hope the transfer of the troops already brigaded will be accepted without any unnecessary delay. The troops are already accepted at the instant you have them mustered into service; we require nothing further, but in order to secure the return of the muster rolls to this department I have generally refused to furnish the commissions for the regimental staff until 1 had the muster rolls. ' You are aware that under our organization each regiment is entitled to the follow- ing staff, viz: One assistant quartermaster, one assistant commissary, one surgeon, one assistant surgeon, one chaplain, and one adjutant. We are in the habit of nomi- nating these on the recommendation of the colonels of the regiments, and as fast as regiments are formed the colonels ought to consult their regiments and send me a list of the staff they desire to have nominated. We are making every effort to raise for your aid such a force in Arkansas, Texas, northern Louisiana, as shall be able, when combined with your own troops, to make a vigorous campaign, commencing, if possible, by 10th to 15th next month. I am, your obedient servant, J. P. Ben.ja.min, Secretary of War. [Ibid., p. 747.] On the 3d of February, 1862, luider the provisions of an act approved Januar}' 28, 1862, entitled "An act to authorize the President to call upon the several States for troops to serve for three years or during S. Doc. 412 20 306 MISSOURI TROOPS CONB"p]DERATE. the war," tho j>'overnor of ^Missouri was called u]:)()ii to furnish the State's ([uota of '■'at)out 71,eculiar circumstances in which Missouri is placed, and the ditticulties which embarrass her authorities, I can not lioi)e that you will be able at present to meet the requisition, which it is, however, my chity to make. I therefore respectfully call on your excellency to raise and have mustered into the Confederate service the al)ove-named number of regiments, or so many thereof as it may he possiV)le for you to (jbtain. These regiments will be called into camps of instruction, which you are invited to select. They will there be clothed, sub- sisteil, and armeil at the expense iif the Confe; John H. Halley, of Putnam; Richard H.'Musser, of Chariton; Ebenezer Magoffin, of Pettis; R. A. Boughan, of Vernon; Benjamin F. Walker, of Cedar; Francis J. Smith, of Jefferson; W. L. Jef- fers, of Cape Clirardeau; William H. Matthews, of Washingtxm; [W. C] Quantrill, of Jackson; John T. Coffee, of Dade; Alonzo W. Slayback, of Buchanan; Louis A. AVelton, of Saint Louis; David C. Woods, of Saint Louis; Bruce, of Monroe; Fritz McCulloch, of Shelby. I have directed INIr. Edward T. Fristoe to accompany Colonel Johnson as acting assistant adjutant-general to aid in the organization of the troops. He is a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, and was at the break- ing out of the war ])rofessor of mathematics in the Cniveiisity of Missouri. Pie has ■ been with the army for some time, and is a gentleman of high character, ability, and experience, and I hope that the President may be pleased to confer upon him an appointment with appropriate rank. 1 have the honor to be, with the greatest respect, your obedient servant. Sterling Price, Major-GeneraJ, ( 'ommandivg. [Ibid., p. S2:i.] No re<'ord has been found of any action having l)een taken by the "War Department on General Price's recommendations, but Lieutenant- VOLUNTEERS. 309 Colonel Johnson, whose aiithoiity was enhiro'ed by General Holmes, soon dispatched agents to Missouri for tlie purpose of ret^ruiting within the borders of the State. On the loth of September he wrote to General Price: " LrrTLE Rock, Ark., Sfjdetnhcr 15, 1862, Maj. (Jen. Stermnc; Price. General: I arrived here about one week since, reported to Major-(ieneral Holmes, who confirmed and enlarged my authority, modifying it in one particular only, requir- ing me to report to him alone officially the result of my efforts at recruiting in Mis- souri, and requesting me at the same time to advise you of the change. Soon after I reached here I dispatche 1 al)out thirty persons to different parts of Missouri for the purpose of enlisting and swearing into the service of the Confederate States Army all tlie able-bo. <)].] On the 2d of October, 1y reason of their being kept upon this side of the Mississippi River, and particularly by the (letention in the service ))eyond their original term of enlistment. He has been informed that there is danger that some of them may, under the impulse of this disaffection (whi<'h has been artfully intensified l)y designing men), do acts which will not only l)ring er the fate which awaits him. From that fate the major-general conunanding can not save him if he would. Be then patient for awhile. Every effort is })eing made to accomj)lish your wishes and to take you back to your homes. Thwart not those efforts by nmtinous behavior or dastardly desertion. The major-general commanding claims the right to speak to you plainly. He has never deceived you. He has never hesitated to share your every discomfort and your every danger. He miglit at any time have gone back to Missouri to connnand a new army had he been willing to part from you. He nnghtgo there to-morrow if he would consent to leave you ; but lie will never al)andon the brave soldiers and long- suffering men whom he has led from the beginning, who have always followed him so nobly, and who have won for him all the honor and glory which a partial i)eople has lavished u{)on him. He asks that you will continue to stand by him as he has stood by you and as he will stand by you to the end. By order of Major-General Price : Thos. L. Snead, Asmtant Ad'mtaitt-General. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. XVII, Part II, p. 794.] As regards the recruiting- service west of the Mississippi, Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Hohnes, commanding the Trans-Mississippi Department, wrote November 15, 1862, that he had in his arm}^ about 6,000 Missouri recruits that he had caused to be organized into regi- ments and mustered into the Confederate service for three years or the war. The entire recruiting service, he said, had been placed in the hands of Col. Waldo P. Johnson. Following is an extract of his report : Headquarters Traxs-Mississippi Department, Little Rock, Ark., November 13, 1862. Hon. Secretary of War: ******* There are in this army about 6,000 Missouri recruits. They are in the service in all sorts of ways, having been raised, some under the Missouri authorities, some under the Confederate authorities, and some under no authority at all, except that of the officers raising them. I have had them all organized into regiments and regu- larly mustered into the service for three years or the war. The entire recruiting service I have placed under ('ol. W. P. Johnson, who was sent here for that jnirpose by General Price, acting under your authority. * . * * * * * * I am, sir, very respectively, your oliedient servant, T}i. H. Holmes, M((jor-f!e)ieral. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 918.] Writing on the same subject, June 29, 1S68, Maj. Gen. T. C. Hind- man referred to the difficulties encountered in procuring recruits and the measure of success ol)tained under the discouraging circimistances under which the service was conducted, there l)eing tluMi twelve tine reo-iments and three batteries of Missouri troops serving in the Trans- Mississippi Department. He said: Richmond, Va., June 29, 1863. Gen. S. (Cooper, Adjatunt (iiid Inspector General. Ge.veral: As a report supplementary to the one made by me on the 19tli instant, I beg to mention here the otHcers to whom I am most indebted for assistance in the labor performed wliile conmianding the Traus-Mississijipi District. In the enrollment and organization of troops from Missouri Brigadier-Generals Parsons and ^IcBride, Colonels Clark, Payne, Jackman, Thompson, Porter, IMac- Donald, and Shelby, Lieutenant-Colonels Caldwell, i-,ewis, and Johnson, Majors VOLUNTEERS. 318 Murra^y, Musser, and Pindall, and Captains Standish, Buchanan, Cravens, Peery, Qiiantrill, and Harrison were especially zealous and useful. In estimating the value of their labors and of the many other devoted men who assisteci them, it is to be con- sidered that, in order to bring out recruits from their State, it was necessary to go within the enemy's lines, taking the risks of detection and punishment as spies, secretly collecting the men in scjuads and companies, arnung, equipping, and sub- sisting them by stealth, and then moving them rai)idly southward through a country swarming with Fedetal soldiers and an organized militia, and whose population could only give assistance at the hazard of confiscation of propert}' and even death itself. That they succeeded at all under such circumstances is attributable to a cour- age and fidelity unsurpassed in the history of the war. That they did succeed beyond all expectation is shown b}^ the twelve fine regiments and three batteries of Missouri troops now serving in the Traus-^Mississippi Department. ******* I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. C. HiNDMAN, Major- General. [Ibid., p. 45.] Besides the general authority before given to C'ol. Waldo P. John- son as recruiting agent for the State of Missouri, it appears that spe- cial authority was given him by Lieut. Gen. E. Kirby Smith, then commanding the Trans-Mississippi Department, to go into the State of Missouri and there enlist, for twelve months, volunteer companies for the Confederate service. No record of this special authority has been found, but, based thereon, authority was given Colonel Johnson by Governor Re3'nolds to impress, in the name of the State and on its credit, such supplies as he might deem necessary in the prosecu- tion of his work. A copy of the governor's order on this subject dated June 27, 1863, with other orders thereto attached, was ca])tured by the Federal troops and is here reproduced: Military Special Orders, \ Executive Department, State of Missouri, No. 12. i Little Rock; Ark., .Tune 27, 1863. I. Col. Waldo P. Johnson, of the Provisional Army of the Confederate States of America, having been authorized by Lieutenant-General Smith, commanding the Trans-Mississiijpi Department, to go into the State of ]Missouri and there enlist, for twelve months, volunteer companies for the service of the Confederate States, author- ity is hereby granted to Col. Waldo P. Johnson, by himself, or his agent therefor by him appointed in writing, to impress, in the name of the State of ^Missouri and on its credit, all supplies which he may deem necessary or useful in his recruiting service. II. Whenever supplies are impressed under this order a written certificate shall be given to the person from whom the same are impressed, setting forth the quan- tity, description, and market value thereof, the person from whom and the place at which the}^ are taken, that the same are impressed under this order, and that com- pensation will hereafter be made therefor on satisfactory evidence of the loyalty of the owner thereof to the State of Missouri and the Confederate States of America during the present war. III. A full and accurate account shall be rendered to the quartermaster-general of the State of Missouri of all property impressed under this order, specifying as far as possible the supplies used before and those used after the muster into the Confeder- ate service of the company to which the recruits receiving such supplies may belong. IV. Every appointment by Col. Waldo P. Johnson of an agent under this order shall be accompanied by a copy of this order, certified by Col. Waldo P. Johnson, and no such agent shall have any authority to appoint anysubagent unless expressly thereto authorized in writing by Col. Waldo P. Johnson. Thos. C. Reynolds, Governor of Mis.9ouri and Commander in Chief Missouri State Guards. A true copy: Waldo P. Johnson, Lieutenant- Colonel Fourth Missouri Infantry. 314 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. JiTXE 27, 1863. Haviiifx anthorizefl Col. Edward B. Hull to recruit in tlie State of Missouri, he is hereby authorized to exercise the following powers granted in the foregoing order of Tiionias C Reynolds, governor of tiie State of Missouri, to wit: When lit^ recruits troops for the Confederate service he isautliorized to impress pro- visions for his men and forage for their teams, and also the necessary transportation, kee])ingan accurati' account of the amount taken and thedis])osition made of the same, being careful in all proceedings to conform strictly with the provisions of said order. Wai.do p. Johnson, Lieutenant- Colonel Fourth Mi>isonri Infantry. Colonel Hull is authorized to empower as many as six persons to impress supplies in coini)liance with the f(jregoing order. Waldo P. Johnson, Lieutenant- Colonel Fourth Miswuri Infantry . Captain Chand)ers is authorized to exercise the powers granted in the foregoing order for all troops raised under my orders. E. B. Hull, Colonel on Recruiting Service. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. XX XIV, Part I, p. 645.] As a part of the record it may bo here .stated that ou Aiij^-ust S, 1803, Lieutenaiit-General Smith, commaiidinjj' the Trans-Mississippi Depart- ment, re(]itested (rovernor Reynolds to furnish from his State a bri- gade of cavalry (Ofiicial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series IV, Vol. II, p. 7<>2), hut no record has been foimd of the action taken on this reciuest. On the lL>th of September, ISOS, Brio-. (Wm. F. M. Cockrell. of the First Missouri Brioade, then conunanding the division of Missouri troops east of the Mississipj)! River, in parole camp at Demopolis, Ala., addressed the War Department relative to the condition of the division, its reduction l)v losses in battle, and the impossibility of obtaining recruits from the west side of the river. In view of exist- ing conditions he reijuested that Missourians belonging to the Trans- Mississippi Department, captured by the Federal troops and returned to the Confederate lines east of the river, be attached permanently to the regiments and batteries of the division under his conunand. Fol- lowing is a copy of his letter: Demopolis, Ala., September 12, 186S. Gen. S. Cooper, Adiutant and Inspector General, Richmond, ]'a. General: I most resjxM^tfulIy and earnestly apply through you to tlie Secretary of War to have all the ISIissouiians belonging to the Trans-Mississiiij)! Department who have been and nuiy herc^after be cajiturecl and sent into our lines l)y way of City Point and Richmond, Va., ordered into and attached }X'niiaiiently to the Missouri regiments and l)atteries of this division, now east of the ]Mississip|)i River. There are six infantry regiments and two cavalry regiments and five batteries in this division. The six infantry regiments and three batteries compose the First Brigade, Missouri Volunteers, to conunand which I am assigned, by order of the Secretary of War, in my appointment as brigadier-general. This First Brigade lost in the series of battles preceding and during the siege of Vicksburg, in killed, wounded, and missing, 1,889 men — about one-half of its streiigth. These regiments and batteries are greatly reduced. The First and Fourth Infantry regiments were consolidated last fall by mutual consent of theotlicers, the ten companies of each regiment l)eing consolidated into five companies, making one consolidated regiment of ten comjianies. The First Regiment of INIissouri C'avalry and Third Battalion of Mi.'isouri Cavalry, both now- dismounted and having si^rved as infantry since Ai)ril, 18(52, and two batteries, now comjiose the Second Brigade, lately commanded by Brig. Gen. ]\I. 11 plication may be cordially approved and receive earliest prac- ticable attention, ane till further orders. J. A. S. [Seddon.] [Ibid., p. 526.] 316 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. Pursuant to the instructions of the Secrotavy, an order was issued from the ottiee of the Adjutant and Inspector (leneral directing- that "all Missouri sokliers not cni>ao-od in actual service east of the Mis- sissi])])i Rixer," (i. e., those east of the Mississippi River not eno-aoed in actual service) be attached to General CockrelFs (First ^Missouri) l)rioade; those helongino- to military org-anizations west of the Mis- sissippi to be temporarily and all others permanently so attached. The chief of the conscription bureau was also directed to assign to the same f)rigade all Missourians east of the Mississippi liable to con- scription. 'Fhe order on this subject reads as follows: Special Orders, \ Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, No. 247. ) RU-hmond, October 17, 1863. ******* IX. All Missouri soldiers not engaged in actual service east of the Mississippi River will report to the commanding general of the First Missouri Brigade at Demopo- lis, Ala. The men belonging to military organizations west of the Mississippi River will be temporarily attached to the above-mentioned brigade. The remainder will be per- manently attached. The chief of the conscription bureau will order all Missourians east side of the Mississippi liable to conscription to the same brigade. ******* By command of the Secretary of War: Jno. Withers, AssiMant Adjutant- General. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. XXXII, Part III, p. 678.] On the 21»th of February, 1864:, Licutenant-General Polk, then com- manding at Demopolis, directed that all unattached men in his depart- ment belonging to regiments in the Trans-Mississippi Department be formed into a trans-Mississippi battalion. His order was published in a circular of which the following is a copy: Circular.] Headquarters, Demopolis, February 29, 1864. All unattached men in this department belonging to the regiments in the Trans- Mississippi Department are ordered to report to Lieut. Col. H. C. Davis, Cahaba, Ala., for the jnirpose of l)eing organized into a trans-Mississii)pi battalion. By command of Lieutenant-General Polk: Thos. M. Jack, Assistant Adjutant-General. [D.id.] This circular being in conflict with War Department Special Orders, No. 247, (pioted al)ove, Lieut. Col. R. S. Bevier, a recruiting officer for General CockrelFs brigade, addressed the Secretary of War as foUow^s: Richmond, Va., March 24, 1864. Hon. J. A. Seddon, Secretary of War. Sir: I append herewith an order or circular issued by Lieut. Gen. L. Polk, which conflicts with Special Orders, No. 247, of October 17, 186:?, issued l)y yourself in regard to Missourians, and attaching all east of the Mississippi River and not in active service at that tim(> to the First Missouri Brigade, (General Cockrell. Fearing this circular of Li('atenant-(ieneral Polk might produce a c(mtlict of interests, and be con- sidered ti) attach to Missourians who come through by the exchange and are sent on to Cockrell's brigade by me to be temporarily attached, although belonging to organ- izations in the Trans-Mississii)pi Dej)artment, I therefore respectfully ask that ( ieneral Polk's circular, as far as it applies to Missourians, may be susi^ended, as conflicting with the said Special ( )rders. No. 247. Verv respectfullv, vour obedient servant, R. S. Bevier, Lieutenant-Colonel and Recruiting Officer, Cockrell's Missouri Briyade. [Ibid., p. 672.] VOLUNTEERS. 317 Upon this repre.sentiition of the case (jeneral Polk was reciuested to so modify his order that it would not conflict with the previous order of the War Department respectinj>- the assignment of Missouri soldiers to General Cockrell's brijjade. The action of the War Department, as indorsed on Colonel Bevier's letter, was as follows: March 28, 1864. Ad.iutant-Gkneral: Call General Polk's attention to the order respecting ]Missourians to be attached temporarily to General Cockrell's brigade, and request that his order be so modified as not to conflict with it. J. A. S. [Seddon.] Ad.iutant and Inspector General's Office, March 28, 1864. Respectfully referred to Lieutenant-General Polk, with attention invited to the indorsement of the Secretary of War, and to Special Orders, No. 247, last series, from this office, a copy of which is inclosed. By order of Adjutant and Inspector General. H. L. Clav, Amistant Adjutant-General. [Ibid., pp. 672, 673.] No record has been found of the action, if any, taken by General Polk on the order of the Secretary of War. During- the summer and autumn of 1864, an invasion of the State of Missouri b}^ General Price being- in contemplation, special attention was given to the subject of recruiting the Missouri forces in the Trans- Mississippi Department. On this subject General Price .said in a letter to Governor Re3aiolds, June 2i<, 1864: I believe, as General Rains suggests, that we should send good recruiting officers in advance of the army, supported by a cavalry force toenaljle him [them] to organize their recruits, and they should be joined by the army before the enemy would have time to concentrate a force to overwhelm them. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 999.] In the same letter (Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 1000) General Price said: He [Col. Sam. Woodson, an ex-member of Congress] says there are 20,000 men in St. Louis alone now armed and waiting to join me. On the 3d of October, Col. W. R. Gause. Third Missouri Infantry, was ordered by the Secretary of War to report to General Price in Missouri for the purpose of raising troops in that State, or for such other assignment as General Price should direct. Following is a copy of the Secretar3''s order: Special Orders, \ Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, No. 2:^7. j Richmond, October 6, 1864. ******* X. Col. W. R. Gause, Third Missouri Infantry, will proceed with least practicable delay to the State of Missouri and report to Maj. (Jen. S. Price for the i)urpose of raising troops in that State, or such other assignment as may be diret:ted by General Price. ******* By command of the Secretary of War: John WrrnicRS, Assistant . 1 djutant- General [Ibid., Series IV, Vol. Ill, p. 713.] 318 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. Of the results of General Price's campaio-n, in so far as the}" related to the number of recruits obtained and the proposed distribution of them. Maj. Gen. M. M. Parsons wrote, Noveml)er IH, 1864: Headquarters Parsons' Division, Otmden, Ark., November 16, 1864. Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, Commanding Missouri Expeditiortr. General: Allow me to congratulate you on your successful campaign in Missouri. Though you were unable to hold the State, the injury you inflicted on the enemy and the large number of reciuits brought out by you exceeded my most sanguine calcu- lations. * ****** As you stated to me your purpose before leaving for JNIissouri was, if you succeeded in recruiting suthciently, to till my old regiments to their maximum, a new regiment should be added to my division in order to equalize the brigades. I have now five regiments, one battalion sharpshooters, and two batteries. To fill all to the maxi- mum and form the new regiment would take 5,900 men. I, by your direction, stated to my officers on my return from my last visit to you your intentions on this sub- ject. It was highly satisfactory. They and the men were all content. Only two desertions since you left. After giving the complement of men 1 ask, I should like very much to see another infantry division organized of Missourians, then take mine and that and make a corps for you. You would have a conunand of infantry about 20,000 strong, which, drilled and equipped, would be the finest corps in the service. ******* With great respect and esteem, your friend, truly, M. M. Parsons, Major- General. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. XLI, Part IV, p. 1054.1 On this subject General Price said, in his report dated December 28, 1864, of his expedition into Missouri: I brought with me at least 5,000 new recruits, and they are still arriving in large numbers daily within our lines, who bring the cheering intelligence that there are more 'on their way to the army. After I passed the German settlements in Missouri my march was an ovation. The people thronged around us and welcomed us with open hearts and hands. Recruits flocked to our flag in such numbers as to threaten to become a burden instead of a benefit, as they were mostly unarmed. In some counties the question was not who should go to the army, but who should stay at home. I am satisfied that could I have remained in Missouri this winter the army would have been increased 50,000 men. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. XLI, Part I, p. 640.] Like the Missouri State Guard, the Missouri volunteers in the Con- federate service achieved for themselves an enviable reputation for gallantry in the tield, and such prestige as may have been lost to the Missouri troops by the temporary disaU'ection among the members of one brigade at the expiration of their original term of enlistment appears ,to have been regained b}- the pledges subsequently given by certain regiments of service '' for forty years," if necessary to the suc- cess of the cause in which they were engaged. In acknowledgment of these " pledges of fidelity to the cause of Southern independence" the Confederate Congress voted a resolution of thanks, of which the following is a copy: JOINT RESOLUTION of thanks to Missouri officers and soldiers in the Confederate service east of the Mississippi River. Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of A)nerica, That the thanks of Con- gress are eminently due, and are hereby tendered, to Brig. Gen. F. M. Cockrell, and the officers and soldiers composing the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth regiments of Missouri Infantry, First, Second, and Third regiments of Missouri Cav- alry, the batteries of Bleds(je, Landis, Guibor, Walsh, Dawson, and Barret, and Woodson's detached company, all in the service of the Confederacy, east of the Mis- VOLUNTEERS. 819 sissippi River, for the prompt renewal of their pledges of fidelity to the cause of Southern independence for forty years, unless independence an^ peace, without cur- tailment of boundaries, shall be sooner secured. Approved, May 23, 1864. [Djid., Series I, Vol. XXXVIII, Part III, p. 1008.] In the absence of the oiEcial returns and many of the muster rolls it. is impossible to determine the number of Missouri volunteers in the Confederate service, but after the consolidation of incomplete organi- zations there were, as nearly as can be ascertained, sixteen regiments and twelve battalions of cavalry, fourteen regiments and two bat- talions of infantry, and twenty-one companies of artiller}', which, at the minimum strength, according to the Confederate plan of organiza- tion, would aggregate al)out 31, 000 men of all arms. In estimating the number of volunteer troops furnished by Missouri to the Confederate States during the civil war it should, however, be considered that man}^ of the regiments were prol)abl\' above the mini- mum strength, and that large numbers of recruits were received to supply the losses in battle, and from other casualties of the service. LOCAL DEFENSE. In the act of the g-eneral assembly of the State of Missouri, approved Ma}" 14, 1861. quoted in this paper under the title of "'jNlissouri State Guard," division inspectors were authorized to org'anize companies of Home Guards, to be composed of persons not within the ao'e limits required for membership of the regiments of the State Guard organ- ized for general service. Provision was also made by the Confederate Government for the organization of corps for local defense. By an act of Congress approved August 21, ISOl, the President w^as authorized to accept volunteers ''for the defense of exposed places or localities,'"' or for such special service as he might deem expedient, such troops to be mustered into the service of the Confederate States and to be subsisted and paid for such time as they should l)e employed under the orders of the President. Following is a copy of the act: AN ACT to provide for local defense and special service. The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the President be, and he is herebj^ authorized to accept the services of volunteers of such kind and in such proportion as he may deem expedient, to serve for such time as he may prescribe, for the defense of exposed places or localities, or such special service as he may deem expedient. Sec. 2. And such forces shall be mustered into the service of the Confederate States, for the local defense or special service aforesaid, the muster roll setting forth distinctly the services to be performed; and the said volunteers shall not he consid- ered in actual service until thereunto specially ordered by the President. And they shall be entitled to pay or sulisistence only for such time as they may be on duty under the orders of the President or by his direction. Sec. 3. Such volunteer forces, when so accepted and ordered into service, shall be organized in accordance with and subject to all the provisii;)ns of the act entitled "An act to provide for the public defense," approved ]March sixth, one thousand eight hunrox- iniate equality with other soldiers of the Confederate Army. But should your reply be in the negative, is it not proper and expedient that the Goveinment of the Con- federate States should interpose so far as to t'onvey to the people of ^Missouri an ex- pression of its disapproval of the policy there inaugurated, and indicate such a line of policy for them to pursue as would harmonize with the views of the Government? It is for the Government to judge of the difficulty, sacrifice, and advantage to result from maintaining military operations in Missouri hundreds of miles from any efficient supporting column, in which determination the extraordinary difficulties of comnm- nication and transportation will of course receive due consideration. * * * • * * * * Thomas A. Harris, Mcmher of Congress. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 833.] Further evidence on the same subject is found in a letter from Gen- eral Price to Governor Reynolds, dated Noveml)cr 2, 1863, of \yhich the following is an extract: Camp Brac4G, Ark., November 2, 1863. His Excellency Governor Thomas C. Reynolds, Marshall, Tex. Dear Sir: I have the honor to inclose to you an official copy of Colonel Quantrill's report of his march from Missouri River to Canadian, detailing in a terse but graidiic style his attack upon Fort Baxter and upon Major-(ieneral Blunt and escort. This report was handed to me by Captain Brinker, whom you will see bore a conspicuous part in the attack. Colonel Quantrill has now with him some 350 men of that dar- ing and dashing character which has made the name of Quantrill so feared by our enemies, and have aided so much to keep Missouri, though overrun by Federals, identified with the Confederacy. The services of these men can not be spared, but an obstacle presents itself which I fear will require more than my exertions to over- come. To engage your valualile assistance in the task is the object of this communi- cation. It is with much regret that I find a disposition in these men to avoid coming into the service of the Confederacy. Indeed, it is this reluctance which has caused them to avoid the iiroximity of this army in the march southward in search of that rest which they and their horses require so much. Yet they have sent Captain Brinker to me to make known their wants as to the selection of service, for as to cloth- ing, arms, ammunition, horses, they want nothing, and indeed they are totally indif- ferent as to i)ay. They desire to serve with me as partisans, and in this they are adepts, and could be made very valuable as such to the army; but for reasons which they hold good they will not come under the direct command of General Holmes, nor will they 1)6 attached to any brigade, l)ut are willing and anxious to serve if allowed to do so as above. I have urged upon them to join regularlv our army and subject themselves to such orders as its welfare might require. As it is jmssilile they will visit your neighborhood, you could use your influence to good advantage by urging them to attach themselves to the army. Their ol)jections are not without foundation. In the first plac-e, ujany of those restless spirits, chafing under the inac- tivity of the army in Arkansas during the la.'^t winter and spring, deserted from General Hindman's and (ieneral Holmes's commands to seek more active scenes of operations — errors might be overlooked by an extension of the President's clem- ency toward deserters. Again, they have been outlawed by the Federal authorities, and" expect no mercy or clemency at their hands, not even the chances of ]n-isoners of war; and they think that if used only as scouts and rangers, to ascertain and wati'h the movements "of an enemy, they would l)e able to protect themselves against any LOCAL DEFENSE. 325 surrender of our forces, should such a calamity overtake us. Captain Brinker reports to me that he has now a Imttalioif of these men which he would brin<^ into the serv- ice for such a purpose if allowed to place them under my immediate command. ******* With considerations of personal regard and esteem, I remain, Your obedient servant. Sterling Price. [Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 907.] It is probable that many of the irregular organizations in Missouri, especially those which existed prior to the Confederate legislation of October 13, 1862, were formed without any authority, either military or legislative, but those formed after that date should probably be classed among the squads and companies organized under the act referred to for local defense; and in this connection it is to be noted that Missouri was one of the kStates in which the conscription act was suspended, and that therefore all citizens of whatever age were author- ized by the act of October 13, 1862, to form themselves into companies for local defense. It is not the purpose to here quote the v^oluminous correspondence and orders relative to the treatment of members of partisan corps and companies organized for local defense when captured b}' the enemy, but it may be stated that troops of the former class were recognized as entitled to the privileges of prisoners of war, while those of the latter class, commonly called guerrillas, were, in the State of Missouri, summarily shot when captured by the enemy within his own lines. This treatment of guerrillas is believed to have been accorded by both belligerents. As before stated, the number of partisan or local troops organized in Missouri during the civil war is not known and there arc no records on file from which a satisfactor}'^ approximation can be made. It was, however, sufficientl}^ large to give the Federal authorities much annoy- ance and to occupy the attention of a militar}^ force that Avould other- wise have been available for other fields of service. A list of the few organizations of which official mention has been found accompanies this paper. I LISTS OF CONFEDERATE ORGANIZATIONS. 327 LIST OF MISSOURI STATE GUARD ORGANIZATIONS COOPERATING WITH CONFEDERATE TROOPS. CAVALRY. First Regiment, First Division. First Battalion, First Division. (Became Third Cavahy Regiment^ First Division.) First Battalion, Independent Rangers. (Second Cavalry Battalion, First Division.) First Regiment, Fourth Division. First Regiment, Fifth Division. First Regiment, Sixth Division. First Battalion, Seventh Division. First Regiment, Eighth Division. Second Regiment, First Division. Second Battalion, First Division. (Also known as First Cavalry Bat- talion, Independent Rangers.) Second Regiment, Sixth Division. Second Regiment, Eighth Division. Third Regiment, First Division. (See First Cavalry Battalion, First Division.) Third Regiment, Eighth Division. Fourth Regiment, Eighth Division. Fifth Regiment, Eighth Division. Sixth Regiment, Eighth Division. Seventh Regiment. Eighth Division. (See Vernon County Cavalry Battalion.) Eighth Regiment, Eighth Division. Ninth Regiment, Eighth Division. Tenth Regiment, Eighth Division. Eleventh Regiment, Eighth Division. Twelfth Regiment, Eighth Division. Thirteenth Regiment, Eighth Division. Fourteenth Regiment, P^ighth Division. Bruce's Regiment, Second Division. Bur bridge's Regiment, Second Division. Callaway Guards. (Capt. D. H. Mclntyre's company, Second Divi- sion. Probably cavalry, but not positively ascertained.) Extra Battalion, Fourth Division. (Attached to First Infantry Regi- ment. ) ■'This list is made up from such official data as have been discovered on the files of the War Department, but the rolls of the State Guard organizations are not on file, and other records are meager. The list, although probably not complete, is as nearly complete as it can be made from the records of the Department. .329 B30 MISSOURI TROOrS CONFEDERATE. Franklin's Regiment, Second Division, Green's Reoinient. Second Division. Hawkins's Re^jjinient, Second Division. Kennett Rovers. (Company B, First Cavahy Regiment, First Divi- sion.) Major's Regiment, Third Division. Missouri Rangers. (Company A, First Cavalry Regiment, First Division.) Plattin Rangers. (Capt. White Kennett's company. Pro])ably cav- alry, ])ut not positively ascertained.) Yernon County Battalion. (Became Seventh Cavahy, Eighth Divi- sion.) ARTILLERY. First Battalion, Fifth Division. (Pro])ably composed of O'Reirdon's Richardson's, and McDonald's batteries, Companies A, B, and C.) Bledsoe's Battery, commanded by Capt. H. M. Bledsoe. (Reorgan- ized for Confederate service.) Clark's Battery. (Reorganized for Confederate service.) Gorham's Battery. (Reorganized for Confederate service.) Guibor's Battery. (Reorganized for Confederate service.) Kelly's Battery.' Kneisley's Battery. McDonald's Battery C, commanded by Capt. Robert McDonald. (Reorganized for Confederate service. See First Artillery Bat- talion.) O'Reirdon's Battery A. (See First Artillery Battalion.) Richardson's Battery B. (See First Artillery Battalion.) Wade's Battery. (Reorganized for Confederate service.) INFANTRY. First Regiment, First Division. First Battalion, First Division. First Regiment, Third Division. First Regiment, Fourth Division. First Regiment, Fifth Division. First Battalion, Fifth Division. First Battalion, Seventh Division. First Regiment, Eighth Division. Second Regiment, First Division. Second Battalion, First Division. Second Regiment, Third Division. Second Regiment, Fourth Division. Second Regiment, Fifth Division. Second Regiment, Eighth Division. Third Regiment, First Division. Third Battalion, First Division. Third Regiment, Third Division. Third Regiment, Fifth Division. Third Regiment, Eighth Division. Fourth Regiment, First Division. Fourth Regiment, Third Division. Fourth Regiment, Eighth Division. ORGANIZATIONS OF STATE GUARD. 331 Fifth Reg'iment, First Division. Fifth Eeginient, Third Division. Fifth Regiment, mounted. Fifth Division. Fifth Regiment. Eighth Division. Fifth Battalion. (Division not ascertained.) Sixth Regiment, Third Division. Sixth Regiment, Eighth Division. Alexander's Regiment. Sixth Division. Bhie Rangers. (Company P^. First Infantry Regiment, Eighth Divi- sion.) Coleman's Regiment. (Division not ascertained.) Dill's Battalion, Sixth Division. Extra Battalion. Fourth Division. (Attached to First Infantry Regi- ment, Fourth Division.) Kelly's Regiment, Sixth Division. Marble City Guards. ((Company A, First Infantr^^ Battalion, First Division.) Rawling's Battalion, Second Division. Robinson's Battalion, Second Division. Ross's Regiment. (Division not ascertained.) Thornton's Battalion, Fourth Division. LIST OF MISSOURI ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SERVICE OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES. CAVALRY. First (Gates'.s) Regiment. First (Elliott's) Battalion. (Also known as Tenth Cavalry Battalion^ Recruited to a reg-inient.) First Battalion. (See Fourth Cavalry Battalion.) First Northeast Regiment. (Consolidated with Second Northeast Cavahy Regiment to form Franklin's Seventh Infantry Regiment.) First Battalion, First Indian Brigade. First and Third Regiment, dismounted. (Formed October 1, 1863, by the consolidation of dismounted men of different organizations.) Second Regiment. Second Northeast Regiment. (See First Northeast Cavalry Regi- ment.) Third Regiment. Third Battalion. (Also know^n as Fifth and Sixth Cavalry Battal- ion. Temporarilj^ consolidated with First Cavalry Regiment.) Fourth Regiment. Fourth Battalion. (Also known as First Cavalry Battalion. Con- solidated with Second Cavalry Regiment.) Fifth Regiment. (Also known as La Fayette County Regiment.) Fifth Battalion. (See Third Cavalry Battalion.) Sixth Regiment, (Also known as SouthAvest Cavalry; became Eleventh Cavalry Regiment.) Sixth Battalion. (See Third Cavalry Battalion.) Seventh Regiment. (Also known as Kitchen's Tenth Cavalry Regi- ment.) Eighth Regiment. Tenth (Lawther's) Regiment. Tenth (Kitchen's) Regiment. (See Seventh Cavalry Regiment.) Tenth Battalion. (See First Cavalry Battalion.) Eleventh Regiment. Eleventh Battalion. (Consolidated with Lawther's Tenth Cavahy Regiment.) Twelfth Regiment. Twelfth Battalion. Fourteenth Battalion. Fifteenth Regiment. Clark's Regiment. (Also known as Clark's Recruits.) » This list is made up from such official data as have been discovered on the files of the War Department, but the rolls and other records of Confederate organizations are incomplete, and the list is not given as a complete roster of Missouri organiza- tions in the Cc^ifederate service. It is as nearly complete as it can be made from the records on file. 332 ORGANIZATIONS IN CONFEDERATE STATES SERVICE. 833 Clark's Recruits. (Clark's Cavahy Regiment.) Clarkson's Battalion Independent Rangers. (Missouri and Arkansas troops, merged into Clark's Ninth Infantry Regiment.) Cotfee's Regiment. CrandalFs Battalion. Davies\s Battalion. Freeman's Regiment. Fristoe's Regiment. Hunter's Regiment. Jackman's Regiment. Jackson County Regiment. (Became Twelfth Cavalry Regiment.) Jetiers's Battalion. (Became P^ighth Cavalry Regiment.) Kitchen's Battalion. (Became Seventh Cavalry Regiment.) La Fa3'ette County Regiment. (Fifth Cavahy Regiment.) Lawther's Temporary Regiment, dismounted. (Organized in August, 1863, b}^ assignment of companies from the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Tenth, and Twelfth Cavalry regiments.) MacDonald's Regiment. (Became Eleventh Cavalry Battalion.) Northeast Battalion. (Snider's Cavalry Battalion.) Perkins's Regiment. Preston's Battalion. (Consolidated with Fourth Cavalry Regiment.) JReves's Battalion. Roberts's Compan3\ Schnable's Battalion. Searcy's Regiment. Slayback's Battalion. Snider's Battalion. (Also known as Northeast Cavalry.) Southwest Regiment. (Sixth, subsequently Eleventh, Cavalry Regi- ment.) Western Rangers. (Company C, Second Cavalry.) Williams's Battalion. Windsor Guards. (Company I, Second Cavalry.) ARTILLERY. Barret's Battery. (See Rice's Battery.) Bell's Battery. (See Hamilton's Battery.) Bledsoe's Battery, commanded ly Capt. Hiram M. Bledsoe. Bledsoe's Battery, commanded by Capt. Joseph Bledsoe. Bowman's Battery. (Subsequently Parson's Battery.) Clark Artillery, commanded by Capt. S. Churchill Clark; subse- quently ]y^ Capt. Clark W. Kennerly and Capt. Houston King. Collins's Batter}'. Dawson's Battery. (See St. Louis Battery.) Foster's Battery. (Consolidated with Ninth Battalion, Sharpshooters.) Gorham's Battery. (Subsequent!}' Tilden's Battery and Lesueur's Battery.) Griswold's Battery. Guibor's Battery. Hamilton's Battery. (Subsequently Bell's Battery. Also known as Prairie Gun Battery. Attached to Eleventh Cavalry Battalion.) Harris's Battery, old. (Consolidated with McDonald's (Ro))ert) Bat- tery to form Company D, Sixth Infantry.) Harris's Battery, new. Hunter's Battery. 384 MISSOURI TROOPS (CONFEDERATE. .liicksoii Huttury. (Also known us Lucas's Hattery. and Lowe's Bat- tery. Consolidated with 8t. Louis Battery.) Kennerly's Battery. (See Clark Artillery.). Kin'. (See »Iack.son Battiny.) Lucas's Battery. (See Jackson Battery.) McDonaUrs Batter}', c(Minnanded l)y Capt. PjUimett McDonald. (See St. Louis Battery.) McDonaUrs Battery, commanded by Capt. Robert McDonald. (Orioinally Company C, Missoui'i State (xuard Artillery; consoli- dated with Harris's Battery, old, to form Company D, Sixtli Infantry Keoiment.) Parson's Battery. (Became Company I, Sixth Infantry Regiment. See Bowman's Battery.) Prairie (iuii Battery. (See Hamilton's Battery.) Rice's Battery. (Subsequently Bari-et's Battery.) Rol)erts's Batter}'. (Subsequently Rutfner's Battery.) Rurt'ner's Batter}'. (See Robert's Battery.) St. Louis Battery. (Also known as McDonald's (Enunett) Battery and Dawson's Battery.) Tilden's Battery. (See (Jorham's Batterv.) Tull's Battery.' Wade's Battery. (Sul)se(juentlv Walsh's liattcry.) Walsh's Battery. (See \\'ade's" Battery.) A\'oods(^n',s Battery. (Company C, Fourteenth Cavalry Battalion.) INFANTRY. First (Bowen's) Heo'iment. First (Burbridgc's) Regiment. (See Burbridge's Second Infantry Regiment.) First Regiment. (See Tenth Infantry Regiment.) First (Johnson's) Battalion. (Consolidated with Fourth Infantry Regiment.) First Battalion, First Brigade, Army of Tennessee. (See Second Infantry Battalion.) First and Fourth Regiment, consolidated. Second (Burbridge's) Regiment. (Also known as'First Infantry Regi- Regiment.) Sec^ond (Hunter's) Regiment. (Served as cavalry until dismounted, August 31, 1862. Subsecjuently Eighth, changed to Eleventh, Infantry Regiment.) Second Reginu'nt. (See (Jause's Third Infantry Regiment.) Second Battalion. (Also known as First Infantry liattalion, First Bi'igade, Ai'my of Tenn(\ss(H'. Consolidated wilh Fifth Infantry Regiment.) Second and Sixth Regiment. (Formed by consolidation of the Sec- ond and Sixth Infantry regiments October 1, 1868.) Third (Clause's) Regiment. (Also known as Second Infantry Regi- ment.) Third Regiment. (See White's Ninth Infantry Regiment.) Third (Erwin's) Battalion. (Also known as Fifth Infantry Battalion. ^Merged into Sixth Infantry Regiment.) ORGANIZATIONS IN CONFEDERATE STATES SERVICE. 335 Third and Fifth Keg-iuient. (Formed by consolidation of the Third and t'dth Infantry regiiiients.) Fourth Regiment. "(Consolidated Avith First Infantry liegiment ) -b itth Keoiment. (Consolidated with Third Infantry ^Reo-iment.) Sixth Reo-iuient. (Formed from Erwin\s Third and Hedopeth's bat- ^ talions. Consolidated with Second Infantry Reoiment.)^ Seyenth (Frankliirs) Regiment. (Formed by consolidation of First ^ and Seeond Northeast Cavalry regiments.)' Seventh (Jackmarrs) Regiment (Also called First, Third, P^ourth I^oiirteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Infantry Regiment.) Seventh (Mitcheirs) Battalion. (Consolidated with Fraziers Battalion to form MitchelFs Eighth Infantry Regiment.) Eighth (Burns's) Regiment. (Forinerly Hunters Second Infantry Regiment; subsequently Eleventh Infantry Regiment.) Eighth (MitchelFs) Regiment. (Also known as Fifth Infantry Reo-i- ment. Formed by consolidation of MitchelFs Seventh and Frazier's Infantry battalions.) Eighth P>attalion. (Consolidated with Clark's Ninth Infantry Reo-i- ment.) " *' Ninth (Clark's) Regiment. (Formed from Eighth Infantry Battalion and the Missouri companies of Clark's Arkansas and Missouri Bat- talion.) Ninth (White's) Regiment. (Also known as Third and Twelfth Infan- try Regiment.) Ninth Battalion, Sharpshooters. (Also known as Pindall's Sharp- shooters.) ^ Tenth Regiment. (Also known as First Infantry Regiment.) Eleventh Regnnent. (See Hunter's Second and Burns's Eio-hth Infan- try regiments.) Twelfth Regiment. (See White's Ninth Infantry Regiment.) Ihirteenth Regiment. (Also known as Fourteenth Infantry Reo-i- ment.) '^ Thirteenth Battalion, mounted. Fourteenth Regiment. Fourteenth Regiment. (See Thirteenth Infantrv Regiment.) I^itteenth Regiment. Sixteenth Regiment. Clarksoirs Battalion, Arkansas and Missouri volunteers. (The Mis- souri companies were consolidated with the Eighth Infantry Bat- talion to form Clark's Ninth Infantry Regiment.) Frazier's Battalion. (Consolidated Avith Mitchell's Eighth Infantrv Regiment.) Hedgpeth's Battalion. (Consolidated with Sixth Infantry Regiment.) Flughes's Battalion. -^ '' ' HunteFs l>attalion. (Became Hunter's Second Infantry Reoini'Mit ) Macfarlane's Battalion. (Consolidated with Fourth IiifantiT Reei- ment.) ^ Pickett's Battalion. Pindall's Sharpshooters. (Ninth Infantry Battalion.) Rosser's Battalion. Stern's Battalion. Winston's Rco-iment. LIST OF MISSOURI LOCAL DEFENSE ORGANIZATIONS, CONFEDERATE SERVICE. Boone's. Cameron's. Cobb's. Cockrell's. Coleman's. Crabtree's. Crow's. Hawthorne's. Hindman's. Hudson's. Hunter's. Irwin's. ParcePs. Quantriir Reves's. Tracy's. "This list is made up from such official mention of the Missouri local defense orjranizations as has been discovered, Imt the rolls of the organizations are not on tile in the War Department, and it is pro)>aljle that none were ever prepared. The num- ber of such local orgawizations is not known, but there is reason to believe that it was very largely in excess of the number here given. 336 O I C^ , ''Vf^ iMMBMMlllriMtt LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 006 670 544 4 vt: ■t^•.::; c'wi^^.'