['readings in ENGLISH ; HISTORY DRAWN FROM I THE ORIGINAL SOURCES ; • I j INTENDED TO ILLUSTRATE I A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLAND nv 6 EDWARD P. CHEYNEY PROFESSOR OF EUROPEAN HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA GINN & COMPANY BOSTON • NEW YORK • CHICAGO • LONDON Copyright, 1908 Hy KUWARD p. CHEYNEY all rights reservbl) 0^-5^11 CINN & COMPANY • PRO- FRltTORS • BOSTON • U.S.A. PREFACE All intelligent teachers of history realize the desira- bility of having their students do more reading of history thari is contained in the text-book, and most of them agree that this is best found in records and writings cent emporary with the events being studied. But the practical problem of providing such readings for classes is by no means easy to solve. Those who have tried to procure the necessary number of copies of books, to dis- cover English translations, to find applicable passages, and to make practicable requirements best know the difficulties of the task. I hope this book of readings frorrj the original sources of English history will help to overcome these obstacles. It provides in easily access- ible form a body of such material as large as can be < dually utilized by most classes. It is intended to be used <'ib I close companion to my S/iort History of England. The matter contained in it is arranged in the same order as the subjects taken up in the text-book, and is selected with a view to the further explanation and illustration of the principal points there discussed. It differs also from previous collections in drawing on a somewhat iter variety of historical material, and in being, it is ;ved, the result of a more extensive and prolonged search for suitable illustrative passages. 1 have, of course, utilized the suggestions of earlier collectors of similar material, and take thi'^ opportunity iv Readings in English History of acknowledging my indebtedness to the ingenuity and intelligence displayed by them in the discovery of certain illustrative documents. I have been constantly aided in the work of selection, translation, and editing by Dr. Helen Gertrude Preston of the Girls' High School of Philadelphia. Professor James Harvey Robinson, the editor of the series of which this volume is a part, through our long labors together over manuscript and proof, has often contributed the last and best wor.j of suggestion, advice, or decision. EDWARD P. CHEYNEY University of Pennsylvania CONTENTS CHAPTER I— THE GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND I. Accounts by Ancient Geographical Observers p^ge 1. Caesar's description of Britain 2 De Bella Gallico, Lib. v, c. 13. 2. Description by Diodorus Siculus 2 Library of His/ories, Lib. v, cc. 21, 22 ; trans, in Monumenta Historica Britannica, p. ii. 3. Tacitus' description 4 Agricola, cc. 10, 12. 4. Gildas' description 6 De Excidio Britanniae, Sect. 3 ; Giles, Six Old English Chroniclers, p. 299. II. Accounts by Modern Observers 5. Paul Hentzner's description of the Downs 6 Travels in England, pp. 80 sq. 6. A modern iiistorian's interest 7 J. R. Green, The Making of England, pp. 8, 9-12. CHAPTER II — PREHISTORIC AND CELTIC BRITAIN I. The First Contact of the Romans with the Britons 7. Cjesar's description of his first invasion 10 De Bella Gallico, Lib. iv, cc. 20-27. 8. Caesar's description of his second invasion 13 Ibid. Lib. v, cc. 8, 9, 18. 9. A letter from Cicero to Atticus, 54 b.c 14 R. Y. Tyrrell, Correspondence of Cicero, No. CXLIV. 10. A letter from Cicero to Atticus, 54 b.c 14 Ibid. No. CLIV. vi Kfiu/ini^y in Jui^lis/t Jlistory PACK IT. The Customs of tho Hritoiis 11. Cvs.u's desciiplion of the Hritons 15 D* IWIlo GiiUiiVy Lib, v, cc. la, 14; lib. iv, c. ;?. 12. Stiuho's description of the Britons i6 (rVty*"''/'"'', l-ib, iv, Aloiiiimt'utii flistoricii BritanHica, pp. v» .»v. ij. T.Kitiis' description of tlic Ihitons 18 Agncoiit, cc. u, I.'. CHAPTER III — ROMAN imilAlN 1. The Conquest of Uritain 14. llic inv.isiiM> under Claudius zo Dion Ciisxius, Lib. 1\, cc. u^-jj; MoHumfnUi Hnhirua HritaHHUtt, p. liv. 15. Outline of the eiirly campaigns 2.1 r.\t.iri's, Ai^riivia, cc. i?, 14. 16. The conquest of Anglesea and the revolt of lH>.ulice.i , j j r.\i iri's, AhmiuVs, Lib. xiv, cc. ^\ j^?-^^. II. The Organization and Oefense of the Froviiire 17. The administration of Agricola -H> 'r.\t."rrus, . f_*,-/7Vi>/.i, cc. 3j, 21. i ;. iS. The building of the wall, A. IV i.'o jS .I'au's Sr.\RTi.\NV»s. /7/ii //iK/r/.:**/', cc. n, u, u>; Aftotu mtHta Historua firitaHHica, p. Ixv. 10. A visit of the Kmpen^r Severus, .v.n. joS-jii .... 28 Mkkoimam's, Lib. iii, c. 46; Monutttfnta Historica liritoH- Ht\\t, pp. Ixiii .vy. 10. The officials of the empire in Hritain jo AV////.I />/>*» /V.;/«»«i,\ol. 11. pp. 1; ;. 74, So. 114 ; c<.i. by Eduard Uot.>cking. 21. Inscriptions from Roman Britain 31 I'homas Wkic.ht. Thf iV.V. t'tf A'i-w.in. un,/ thf Saxon, pp. ij;, 317. jJts j5h^<. 22. British signers at the Christi..m church couircil at .\rles, A.n. 314 3a Hapoan and Stibbs, Comncils and EircUsiasticai Doat- mfHts, Vol. 1, p. 7. III. Lixter Roman Britain 23. An account of the ravaging of Roman Britain . . . . J2 GiLDAS, Df /■r,v»-»«//f Brit.iHHiM, Sects. 14-^4, in A".» OiJ EH^.'is/t CAivMi-Urs, pp. 303-311; trans, by J. A. Giles. Contents vii PAOE 24- The ruins of the city of Kath • • 33 Co'/K and Tinkkk, Translations from Old English Poetry, pp. 56-57 ; trans, by CFiauncey B. Tinker. CHAPTER IV — EARLY SAXON ENGLAND I. The Anglo-Saxon Settlements 25. Gilda.s' account of the settlements 35 De Excidio liritanniae, .Sects. 23, 26 ; Six Old English Chron- iclers, pp. 310, 313; trans, by J. A. Giles. 26. Bede's account of the settlement 37 Ecclesiastical History of England, Lib. i, c. xv ; ed. and trans, by J. A. Giles, pp. 23-25. 27. Extracts from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 39 Trans, by J. A. Giles, pp. 309-312. II, The New Race 28. The Germans at home 41 Tacitus, Germania, cc. 4-16, in Translations and Reprints, University of Pennsylvania, Vol. VI, No. 3; trans, by Arthur C. Howland. 29. A feast in the hall 44 Beowulf, .Sect. 9, lines 1226-1267; adapted from Benjamin Thorpe. 30. Anglo-Saxon charm 45 Cook and Tinkek, Specimens of Old English Poetry, p. 167 ; trans, by W. O. Stevens. III. The Conversion to Christianity y. Scene in the market place at Rome 46 Bede, Ecclesiastical History, Lib. ii, c. i ; trans, by J. A. Giles, p. 67. 32. The arrival of Augustine 47 Ibid. Lib. i, cc. 25, 26; Giles, pp. 36-39. 33. Missions in Northumbria 49 Ibid. Lib. ii, c. 13; Lib. iii, c. 3; Giles, pp. 94-96, 98, 111-112. 34. The conversion of Ea.st Anglia 52 Ibid. Lib. ii, c. 15 ; Lib. iii, c. 18; Giles, pp. 98, 137. 35. Description of Cacdmon 53 Ibid. Lib. iv, c. 24, in Cook and 'Y\iiKv.K,Translations from Old English Poetry, pp. 180-182 ; trans, by A. S. Cook. 36. A selection from the Exodus, a poem in imitation of Caedmon Cook and Tinker, Translations from Old English Poetry, pp. 118-119; trans, by Henry S. Canby. 55 viii Readings in English History PAGE 37. A letter from Charles the Great to Offa, king of Mercia ^6 Haddan and Stubbs, Vol. Ill, pp. 496 sq. CHAPTER V — LATER SAXON ENGLAND I. The Attack of the Danes 38. A letter from Alcum to the Kentishmen 57 Haddan and Stubbs, Vol. Ill, p. 510. 39. Extracts from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 787-882 . . 59 Bede, Ecclesiastical History and the Anglo-Saxon Chron- icle, pp. 341-357; trans, by J. A. Giles. n. Alfred and the Life of his Times 40. From Asser's Life of Alfred 63 Six Old English Chroniclers, pp. 51-77 ; trans, by J. A. Giles. 41. Dialogue between a teacher and pupils 69 Colloquium yElfrici, in Klipstein, Analecta Anglo-Saxon- ica, Vol. I, pp. 195-214. 42. Rectititdines Singulartim Personarum 73 Thorpe, Ancient Laws atid Institutes, Vol. I, p. 434. 43. The battle of Brunanburh 74 Cook and Tinker, Translations from Old English Poetry, pp. 26-30 ; trans, by Alfred Tennyson. in. The Political Organization of England 44. A meeting of a shire moot 77 Thorpe, Diplomatarium Anglicanum, pp. 336 sqq. 45. Ordinance of King Edgar for the meeting of the hun- dred, borough, and shire courts, about a.d. 975 ... 78 Thorpe, Ancient Laws and histitutes of England, Vol. I, p. 258 ; trans, by Benjamin Thorpe. 46. Rules for the ordeal of iron 79 Concilium Greatanlea, can. vii and viii in Harduin, Acta Concilioru>n, Vol. VI, pt. I, col. 569. 47. Extracts from the Dooms of Alfred 80 Thorpe, Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, Vol. I, PP- 49-97- CHAPTER VI— THE DANISH AND THE NORMAN CONQUESTS L The Danish Conquest 48. Extracts from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 991-1031 . . S3 Bede, Ecclesiastical History and the Anglo-Saxon Chron- icle, pp. 389-412; trans, by J. A. Giles. Contents ix PAGE 49. Account from the Z//^ (7/" J^. Oswald 85 Vita Sancti Oswaldi, Atictore Anonymo, R. S., Vol. 71, pt. i, pp. 455 sq. 50. Account from Adam of Bremen 86 Pertz, Scriptores, Vol. VII, pp. 324 sq. 51. Letter from Cnut sent from Rome to the English people 87 Florence of Worcester, Chronicle; trans, by Thomas Forester, pp. 137 sqq. II. The Norman Conquest 52. The events that led to the invasion 90 William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regtttn Anglorum , R. S., Vol. 90, pt. I, p. 278. 53. Preparations for the invasion of England 95 Wace, Roman de Ron., pp. 117-120, 127-128; trans, by Edgar Taylor. 54. The battle of Hastings 98 William of Poitou in Scriptores Normannortim His- toriae, pp. 201 sq. 55. Ravages in the north loi Symeonis Monachi Historia Res^um, R. S., Vol. 75, pt. 2, p. 188. CHAPTER VII — ENGLAND UNDER THE NORMANS I. Immediate Results of the Conquest 56. Description of the Normans 102 William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum, R. S., Vol. 90, pt. 2, p. 306. 57. Grants of lands to Norman nobles and knights . . . 103 Ordericus \ it a-l\s, Historia Ecclesiastica Angliae Nor- manjiiae, Book IV, chap, vii ; trans, by T. Forester, Vol. II, pp. 47-50- 58. Edict concerning the wager of battle 105 Thorpe, Ancient Laws and histitntes of England, Vol. I, p. 488. 59. Coronation oath of William 105 Florence of Worcester, Chronicle ; trans, by Thomas Forester, p. 171. 60. William's grant of liberties to London 105 Liber Custumarum, R. S., Vol. 122, pt. i, pp. 25-26. 6t. William's grant of liberties to an abbey 106 Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon. R. S., Vol. 2, pt. i, p. i. 62. Making of the New Forest 106 Ordericus Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Book X, chap, xiv; trans, by T. Forester, Vol. Ill, p. 260. X Readings in Etiglish History PAGE 63. A description of William 107 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, year 1087 ; Bede and the Anglo- Saxon Chronicle, pp. 461-463; trans, by J. A. Giles. II. William and the Church 64. Strengthening of the church courts 109 Thorpe, Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, Vol. I, p. 495. 65. Letter to Pope Gregory about 1076 no Ellis, Original Letters, Series III, Vol. I, No. IX. 66. William's rules in church matters no Eadmer of Canterbury, Historia Novormn in Anglia, R. S., Vol. 81, p. 10. III. Domesday Book 67. The decree for drawing up Domesday Book, and the Salisbury Oath 11 1 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, yearsjo8ei-ioS6; Bede and the Anglor Saxon Chronicle, pp. 458-459 ; trans, by J. A. Giles. 68. The form of inquisition for Domesday Book . . . . 112 Liber Eliensis, Domesday Book, Vol. IV, p. 497. 69. Extracts from Domesday Book 113 Domesday Book, Vol. II, fo. 330 b., fo. 304. IV. William II and Lanfranc 70. The promises and bad actions of William Rufus . . . 115 Eadmer, Historia Novortim in Anglia, R.S., Vol. 81, pp. 25, 26. 71. William's boldness of spirit 116 William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum, R. S., Vol. 90, pt- 2, p. yji- 72. List of relics in York minster about 1200 117 Historians of the Church of York, R. S., Vol. 71, pt. 3, pp. 106 sqq. V. The Reign of Henry I 73. The coronation charter of Henry I 121 Thorpe, Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, Vol. I, pp. 497-502. 74. The canonization of Edward the Confessor 123 WiLKiNS, Concilia, Vol. I, p. 419. 75. Letter of Henry I to Anselm, archbishop of Canter- bury 124 Anselm^s Letters, torn. 159, pp. iii-xii ; ed. by Migne. 76. Letter from Pope Paschal II to Henry I 126 Eadmer, Historia Novorum, R. S., Vol. 81, pp. 134-136. Contents xi PAGE 77. The compromise concerning investitures 127 Eadmer, Historia Novorum, R. S., Vol. 81, p. 186. VI. Stephen and the Anarchy 78. A description of the anarchy under Stephen .... 128 A7iglo-Saxon Chronicle, years 1135-1137; Bede and the Anglo-Saxo7i Chronicle, pp. 501-504 ; trans, by J. A. Giles. 79. Seizure of the monastery at Ramsey by Geoffrey de Mandeville 130 William of Newburgh, Historia Rerum Anglicamm, R. S., Vol. 82, pt. I, pp. 45-46. VII. FeudaHsm 80. Feudal rules for reliefs 131 Leges Guliehni Co7tqiicsto7-is, XX, De Releviis ; Thorpe, Ancient Laws and Institutes, Vol. I, p. 475. 81. Duties of lords and vassals 132 Leges He7irici Pri/ni, LXXXII, 3, 4; LV, i, 2, 3; Ibid, pp. 552, 590. 82. Acknowledgments of feudal service due to the king . 133 Red Book of the Exchequer, R. S., Vol. 99, pt. i, pp. 233, 400. 83. Records of tenants and subtenants 134 Rotuli Nundrcdorum, Vol. I, pp. 253, 278. 84. Wardship, marriage, and relief 134 Thomas Madox, History and A7itiquities of the Ex- chequer, p. 221. 85. An instance of payment of relief 135 Ibid. p. 218. 86. Guarantee of a feudal court to a monastery .... 135 Chro7iico7i Mo7iasterii de Abi7igdo7i, R. S., Vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 165. 87. Confiscation and regrant of a fief 136 Rotuli Hu7idredorum, Vol. II, p. 783. CHAPTER VIII — FOUNDATIONS OF NATIONAL UNITY I. Henry II and his Reforms 88. A personal description of Henry II 137 GiRALDus Cambrensis, R. S., Vol. 21, pt. 5, pp. 302-306. 89. Removal of the mercenaries and resumption of estates 139 William of Newburgh, Historia Rerum Anglicarum, R. S., Vol. 82, pt. 1, pp. 101-105, xii Readings in English History PAGE 90. Extracts from the Assize of Clarendon 141 Stubbs, Select Charters, pp. \^-^sqq. 91. Extracts from the Assize of Arms 143 Chronica Roger de Hoveden, R. S., Vol. 51, pt. 2, p. 261. II. The Struggle with Thomas 92. Thomas as chancellor 144 William Fitzstephen, Vita St. Thomae, R. S., Vol. 67. pt. 3, pp. 18-25. 93. The struggle between the archbishop and the king, and the council at Clarendon 145 Chronica Roger de Hoveden, R. S., Vol. 51, pt. i, pp. 219-222. 94. Extracts from the Constitutions of Clarendon . . . 148 Stubbs, Select Charters, pp. 137 sqq. 95. An appeal to the pope 151 Alan of Tewksbury, Vita St. Thomae, R. S., Vol. 67, pt. 2, PP- 336-341- 96. The murder of Thomas 155 Edward Grim, R. S., Vol. 67, pt. 2, pp. 435 sqq. 97. The penance of the king 158 Ralph of Diceto, Ymagines Historiaritm, R. S., Vol. 68, pt. I, p. 383. 98. The canonization of Thomas 159 Letter of the pope to Albert and Theodwine, legates to Eng- land ; Life of St. Thomas, R. S , Vol. 67, pt. 7, pp. 544 sqq. 99. Some miracles of St. Thomas 160 Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, R. S., Vol. 67, pt. I, pp. 145 sqq. III. Giraldus Cambrensis and the Conquest of Ireland 100. Extracts from the autobiography of Giraldus Cam- brensis 164 R. S., Vol. 21, pt. I, pp. 21 sqq. 10 1. Stories about Ireland 168 Giraldus Cambrensis, Tofographia Hibernica, R. S., Vol. 21, pt. 5, pp. 26 sqq. 102. Extracts from The Story of Dermot and the Earl . . 169 Trans, by G. H. Orpen, pp. 199, 225, 236-237. IV. Richard I and the Third Crusade 103. Scene at the burial of Henry II 171 Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi, R. S., Vol. 49, pt. 2, p. 71. 104. The character of King Richard 172 Itinerariiim Regis Ricardi, Lib. ii, c. 5 ; trans, by T. A. Archer, The Crusade of Richard I, p. 6. Contents xiii PAGE 105. Ordinances of Richard for order of the crusading fleet given at Chinon, June, 1190 173 Roger de Hoveden, III, 35 ; trans, by T. A. Archer, The Cru- sade of Richard I, p. 8. 106. The penitence of Richard in Sicily 174 Roger de Hoveden, III, 74; trans, by T. A. Archer, Ibid, pp. 39 sqq. 107. A fight with the Saracens in the march from Acre to Caesarea, August 25, 1191 175 Itinerarhim Ricardi, Lib. iv, c. 7 ; trans, by T. A. Archer, Ibid. pp. 134-138. V. The Reign of John 108. The laying of the interdict 177 Annals of Waverley, R. S., Vol. 36, pt. 2, p. 260. 109. The conspiracy of the barons 179 Roger of Wendover, Chronica Majora, Vol. 2, pp. 303-324; trans, by J. A. Giles. 1 10. Extracts from the Great Charter 182 Stubbs, Select Charters, pp. 2()6 sqq. CHAPTER IX — THE FORMATION OF A UNITED ENGLISH NATION I. The Universities 111. College and university rules 188 Muninieiita Acadeiiiica Oxonica, R. S., Vol. 50, pt. i, pp. 58 sqq. 112. Endowment of loans to students and masters .... igo Ibid. pp. 82 sqq. 113. Contests between students in Oxford 191 Chronicon Hcnrici Knighton, R. S., Vol. 92, pt. 2, p. 309. 114. Contests in Cambridge 192 James F. Willard, The Royal Authority; Coroners' Rolls, No. 23, App., p. 84. 1 1 5. Protection of churchmen from death through their ordination 191 Richard of Bury, Philobiblon, chap. iv. 116. A letter asking papal privileges 194 Letters from Northern Registers, R. S., Vol. 61, p. 122. II. The Monasteries 117. Occurrences in the history of St. Albans 195 Gesta Abbatum Motiasterii Sancti Albani, R. S., Vol, 3, pt. I, pp. 182, 189, 192-194, 234, 314, 322, 323, 483. xiv Readings in English History PAGB 118. Occurrences in the history of St. Edmunds 201 Jocelin of Brakelond, pp. i, 11, 21 ; trans, by T. E. Tomlins. 119. Account of the origin of the Cistercians 205 William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum, Lib. iv, R. S., Vol. 90, pt. 2, pp. 380 sqq. III. Towns and Gilds 120. Charter given to the city of Lincoln about 1160 . . . 208 Rymer, Foedera, Vol. I, p. 40. 121. Ordinances of the spurriers of London 209 Riley, Memorials of London, pp. 226 sqq. 122. Extracts from ordinances of the white-tawyers of London 211 Ibid. pp. 232-234. IV. Rural Life 123. Survey of a rural village 212 Cunningham, Growth of English Industry and Commerce, Vol. I, pp. 505-513. 124. Services of a villein tenant 215 Citsttimals of Bait le Abbey, pp. 19-22 ; pub. by The Camden Society. V. Conflicts between Henry III and the Barons 125. Summons of a noble to a Great Council 217 Lords'' Report on the Dignity of a Peer, Vol. II, p. 68. 126. A meeting of the Great Council in 1242 218 Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, R. S., Vol. 57, pt. 4, pp. 181 sqq. 127. An incident in the life of Simon de Montfort .... 221 Ibid. pt. 5, p. 706. 128. The battle of Lewes, 1264 222 William Rishanger, Chronica, R. S., Vol. 114, pp. 25 sqq. VI. The Reign of Edward I 129. Personal description of Edward I 226 Ibid. p. 76. 130. Summons of representatives of the counties and towns to parliament 227 Lords'' Report on the Dignity of a Peer, Vol. II, p. 66. 131. Early riots against the Jews at London 227 William of Newburgh, R. S., Vol. 82, pt. i, pp. 294 sqq. 132. The expulsion of the Jews 230 • John de Trokelowe, R. S., Vol. 115, p. 57. • Contents xv PAGE 133. Decision in favor of John Balliol 231 William Rishanger, Chronica, R. S., Vol. 114, pp. 135- 136. 134. The battle of Bannockburn 232 Chroiiicon Galfridi le Baker de Stvynebroke, pp. 7-8 ; ed. by E. M. Thompson. CHAPTER X — THE FIRST HALF OF THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR I. The Early Occurrences of the War 135. The beginning of the war 233 Froissart, Chronicles, Bk. I, chaps. 5, 35, 36, 43, 50 ; trans, by John Bourchier, Lord Earners. 136. Challenge of Edward III to Philip of Valois .... 240 Continnatio Chronicariim Adae Mtirimtiih, R. S., Vol. 93, pp. 111-112; ed. and trans, by E. M. Thompson. 137. Reply of King Philip 241 Ibid. p. 114. 138. The battle of Crecy 242 Froissart, Chronicles, Bk. I, chap. 130; trans, by John Bourchier, Lord Berners. II. The Culmination of the Reign of Edward III 139. Establishment of the Order of the Garter by Edward III 246 Continuatio Chronicarum Adae Murimuth, R. S., Vol. 93, pp. 155-156. 140. Extracts from the Treaty of Bretigny 247 E. CoSNEAU, Les Grands Traites de la Guerre de Cent Ans, pp. 39-68. 141. Proclamation favoring archery 249 Rymer, Foedera, Hague ed., Vol. Ill, pt. 2, p. 79. III. The Quarrel over Appointments from Rome 142. The evils of appointments of foreigners 250 3 Rich. II, c. 3, Statutes of the Realm, Vol. II, p. 14 143. Prohibition of obtaining appointments from the pope . 251 12 Rich. II, c. 15, Statutes of the Realm, Vol. II, p. 60. 144. A statute of praemunire, 1393 251 16 Rich. II, c. 5, Statutes of the Realm, Vol. Ill, p. 84. 145. A Welsh clergyman seeking appointment from Rome, 1402 252 Adam of Usk, Chronicon, pp. 196 sqq. XVI Readings 2?i Etiglish Histoiy^ ^IV. The Black Death and its Effects 146. The effects of the pestilence 255 Chronicon Hetirici Kttighion, K. S., Vol. 92, pt. 2, pp. 61 sgq. : trans, by W. J. Ashley. 147. A campaign after the renewal of the war 257 Walsingham, Hisioria Anglicann, R. S., Vol. 116, pt. i P-3IS- V. The Political and the Social Struggle 148. The Good Parliament 258 Ibid. pp. 320, 321. 149. The grant of the first poll tax, 1377 260 Rotiili Parliatneniorii7)i, Vol. II, p. 3O4. 150. A sermon of John Ball 260 Froissart, Chronicles, chap. 3S1 ; trans, by John Bour- chier, Lord Berners. \,' 151. The peasants' rising at London 261 Chronicon Henrici Knighton, R. S., Vol. 92, pt. 2, pp. 131- 150. 152. Trial of a rebel 265 Edgar Powell, The Rising in East Anglia, App. II, pp. 126, 127. VI. Wycliffe and the Lollards 153. A contemporary account of Wycliffe 267 Chronicon Henrici Knighton, R. S., Vol. 92, pt. 2, pp. 151, 152. 1 54. Extracts from one of WycUffe's tracts 267 Arnold, Select Works of John Wycliffe, Vol. Ill, p. 433. 155. A statement of Lollard belief 268 Chronicon Henrici Knighton, R. S., Vol. 92, pt. 2, p. 174. 1 56. Two anecdotes of the Lollards 269 Ibid. pp. 163-164, 312, 313. 157. Execution of a Lollard 271 Capgrave, Chronicle of England, R. S., Vol. i, p. 297. VII. The English Language and Literature 158. A law for English to be used in the law courts . . . 272 36 Edward III, stat. i, c. 15, Statutes of the Realm, Vol. I, P- 375- 159. Change of customs from French to English, 1385 . . 273 Ralph Higden. Folychronicon, trans, by John of Trevisa; Morris and Skeat, Specimens of Early English, Vol. II, pp. 240-242. 160. Extract from Chaucer's Prologue to the Canterbury Tales 274 W. W. Skeat, Complete Works of Chaucer, Vol. IV, pp. 9-10, lines 285-309. Contents xvii PAGE i6i. Extract from Chaucer's Treatise on the Astrolabe, 1391 275 W. W. Skeat, Complete Works of Chaucer, Vol. Ill, pp. 175-176, lines 1-15, 35-45. 162. A visit of Froissart to England in 1395 276 FROissART,CAro«ic/^.f,Vol.II,chap. 196; trans. by John Bourchier, Lord Berners. 163. The claim of the duke of Lancaster to the throne . 278 Walsingham, Hisloria Anglicana, R. S., Vol. 116, pt. 2, p. 237. CHAPTER XI — THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK I, The Growth of the Powers of Parliament 164. Conditional grant of taxes, 1348 279 Rotuli Parliameniorum, Vol. II, p. 201. 165. The first instance of impeachment, 1376 280 Ibid. p. 323. 166. Freedom of speech in parliament in the case of Thomas Haxey 282 Ibid. Vol. Ill, p. 434. II. Rising of Glendower and Renewal of the French War 167. A letter from Wales to the king, 1403 283 Ellis, Original Letters, Series II, Vol. I, pp. ly sq. 168. Letter from Prince Henry to his father, 1405 . . . 283 Ibid. pp. 39 sqq. 169. Dispute between French and English 284 Juvenal des Ursins, Histoire de Charles VI, in MiCHAUD, Noiivelle Collection des Memoir es relatifs h V histoire de France, Vol. II, pp. 500-506. 170. Speech of Henry V before the battle of Agincourt . 286 Gesta Henrici, in F. H. Durham, English History from Original Sources, Vol. Ill, pt. i, p. 48. 171. Account of the battle of Agincourt 286 Capgrave, Chronicle of Ettgland, R. S., Vol. i, pp. 311-312. 172. Extracts from the Treaty of-Troyes, 1420. . . . 287 E. Cosneau, Les Grands Traites de la Guerrf de Cent Ans, pp. 103-112. xviii Readings in English History PAGB 173. Arrangements of Henry V on his deathbed .... 288 Thomas Elmham, Vita Henrici Quinti, in F. H. Durham, English History from Original Sources, Vol. Ill, pt. i, p. 66. III. Joan of Arc and the Close of the Hundred Years' War 174. Account of Joan's mission and the rehef of Orleans . 289 Chronicles of Ejignerrand de Mo?tstrelei, Book II, chaps. 57, 59; trans, by Thomas Johnes, Vol. I, pp. 550-553. 175. Letter sent by Joan to the English commander . . . 292 QuiCHERAT, Prods de Condemnation de Jeanne d''Arc, Vol. I, pp. 240-241. 176. Extracts from the testimony of Joan on her trial . . . 293 Ibid. pp. 46-182. 177. Expulsion of the English from France 296 Jehan de Waurin, Recueil des Croniques, R. S., Vol.39, pt. 5, p. 193. IV. The Wars of the Roses 178. The character of Henry VI 296 Blakman, Dc Virtjttibtis et Miraculis Henrici Sexti, in F. H. Durham, English History from Original Sources, Vol. Ill, pt. 2, p. 79. 179. The battle of Blore Heath 297 Chronicle of Hetiry VI, p. 80; ed. by J. S. Davies ; pub. by The Camden Society. 180. Typical execution after the battle of St. Albans . . . 298 Jehan de Waurin, Recueil des Croniques, R. S., Vol. 39, pt. 5, pp. 329 sq. V. The Reigns of Edward IV and Richard III 181. Seizure of the throne by Edward IV 299 Register of Bishop Wheihainstede, R. S., Vol. 113, pt. i, pp. 404-405. 182. The invention of benevolences 300 Fabyan, Concordence of Hi star ie, in F. H. Durham, Eng- lish History from Original Sources, Vol. Ill, pt. 2, p. 92. 183. The wealth of Edward IV 301 Contifiuation of Croyland Chronicle, Ibid. p. 93. 184. The rise of Richard III 301 Thomas More, The Historie of Kyng Richarde the Thirde, pp. 45-116. Contents xix CHAPTER XII — THE EARLY TUDOR PERIOD I. Henry VII and his Policy page 185. Extracts from account book of Henry VII, 1497-1501 306 Samuel Bentley, Excerpta Historica, pp. 85-133. Lon- don, 1833. 186. Account of the voyage of John Cabot to America . .311 (Letter from Soncino to the duke of Milan, from England, December 18,1497.) Original Narratives of Early Ameri- can History, Vol. II, pp. 425-429 ; trans, by Charles Deane and B. H. Nash. 187-190. Letters from Erasmus concerning England . . . 314 F. M. Nichols, The Epistles of Erasmus, pp. 225-226, 215, 38S, 201. 191. Letter from Erasmus to a friend in England .... 316 J. S. Brewer, The Reign of Henry VHI, Vol. I, p. 239. 192. Extracts from More's Utopia 318 In Ideal Coynmoiiweaniis, pp. 54 sqq. ; ed. by Henry Morley. 193. Extracts from Dialogue between Cardinal Pole and Thomas Liipset 326 Ed. by Cowper ; pub. by The Early English Text Society, PP- 134-136- 194. Caxton's difficulties with the English language . . . 328 Prologue to Eneydos, 1490, pp. 1-3 ; pub. by The Early English Text Society. II. Henry VIIL 195. A description of the king in 1 519 330 Sebastian Giustiniani to the Senate, Calendar of State Papers, Venetian, Vol. II, p. 559; translation modified. 196. Anecdotes concerning Henry VIII and Sir Thomas More 331 Roper, Life of More, Camelot Series, Vol. XII, pp. \\sqq ; ed. by M. Adams. 197. Letter from Richard Pace to Cardinal Wolsey, concern- ing Henry's book against Luther 333 Ellis, Original Letters, Series II, Vol. I, p. 286. 198. Extract from satirical poem against Wolsey .... 334 John Skelton, Why come ye not to Court? HI. The Early Stages of the Reformation 199. A love letter from Henry to Anne Boleyn 336 Harleian Miscellany, Vol. I, pp. 189 sq. XX Readings in English History FAGB 200. Opening scene at the court of the legates at Blackfriars 337 Cavendish, Life of Cardinal Wolsey, pp. 11 5-1 16. 201. Extracts from the Submission of the Clergy, 1532 . . 340 Gee and Hardy, Docu^nents illustrative of the History of the English Churchy pp. 176-178. 202. Extract from the first Act of Annates, 1532 .... 341 Ibid. pp. 1 78-18 1. 203. Extracts from the Statute of Appeals, 1533 342 Ibid. pp. 187-190. 204. Extracts from the Act of Supremacy, 1534 343 Ibid. pp. 243-244. 205-206. Two letters from the commissioners for the dis- solution of the monasteries, 1535, 1538 345 Letters relating to the Suppression of the Monasteries, pp. 85-86, 221-223; P^^- ^y T^^ Camden Society. 207. Extracts from Roper's Life of Mo7-e 347 Printed with More, Utopia, Camelot Series, pp. 43-61. IV. The Reign of Edward VI 208. Rapid religious changes in London 351 Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London, pp. 54-67 ; pub. by The Camden Society. 209. More's remarks on the inclosures 353 Utopia, Book I, Camelot Series, pp. 89-90. V. The Reign of Queen Mary 210. A description of Queen Mary 355 Report of Giovanni Michele to the Venetian senate, 1557, in Ellis, Original Letters, Series II, Vol. II, p. 236. 211. Execution of Lady Jane Grey 356 Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary, pp. 55-59; pub. by The Camden Society. 2X2. Two executions for heresy 358 Fox, Book of Martyrs, Book XI, Sect. ix. CHAPTER XIII— THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH I. The Early Period of Queen Elizabeth 213. Description of Elizabeth by the Venetian ambassador, 1556 361 Alberi, Rclazioni. etc., Series I, Vol. II, pp. 289 sqq.; trans, by Rye. Contents xxi PAGE 214. Letters from the Spanish ambassador, 1 558-1 559 . . 363 Calendar of State Papers, Spanish, 1558-1567, pp. 7-67. 215. Extracts from the Act of Supremacy of 1558-1559 . . 369 Gee and Hardy, Documents illustrative of the History of the English Church, pp. 446-453. 216. Extracts from the Act of Uniformity of 1 558-1 559 . . 371 Ibid. pp. 458-463. 217. Letter from Pius IV to Elizabeth, 1560 373 DoDD-TiERNEY, History of the Church of England, Vol. II, App. p. cccxxi. 218-219. Extracts from the Memoirs of Sir James Melville 374 Ed. by George Scott, 1735, pp. 90-112, 138-139. II. The Struggle with the Catholics 220. Bull of excommunication and deposition of Elizabeth 383 DoDD-TiERNEY, History of the Church of England, Vol. Ill, App. pp. ii sqq. 221-223. Questions and answers submitted to Roman Catholics 386 Ibid. pp. iv-xvi. 224-227. Executions of missionary priests for treason . . 389 Richard Challoner, Afemoirs of Alissionary Priests, Vol. I, pp. 45, 81, 123, 149 i-^^. III. Commerce and Explorations 228. Extracts from Frobisher's logbook of his voyage in search of the Northwest passage 394 Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, Vol. VII, pp. 204-211. 229. Extracts from Cavendish's account of Drake's voyage around the world, 1 577-1 580 396 Ibid. Vol. XI, pp. 101-132. 230. Preface to Hakluyt's /'r/«(r?^a/Av7Z'/^a^/w«j, 1589 . . 401 Ibid. Vol. I, pp. xvii-xx. IV. Mary Queen of Scots and the Armada 231. Letter from Queen Elizabeth to James VI of Scotland 403 Ellis, Original Letters, Series I, Vol. Ill, pp. 22-23. 232-234. Letters written during the fight with the Spanish Armada, July and August, 1588 404 Laughton, State Papers relating to the Defeat of the Spatiish Armada, Vol. I, pp. 288, 341; Vol. II, p. 6; pub. by The Navy Records Society, 1894. 235. A narrative of the Armada fight 406 Metnoirs of the Life of Robert Cary, 1577-1625, pp. 17 sqq. xxii Readings in English History PAGE V. Personal Characteristics of Elizabeth 236. Testimony to her acquirements by her teacher . . . 408 Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 139; ed. 1898. 237. Testimony by a learned man of the time 409 Dr. William Turner, Herbal (dedication of), in Rye, England as seen by Foreigners, p. 267. 238. A Fourme of Prayer with thanksgiving, to be used of all the Queene's majesties' loving subjectes every year, the 17 of November 409 Ibid. p. 265. 239. Speech of the queen to the army at Tilbury, 1588 . . 410 Somers'' Tracts, Vol. I, p. 429. 240. Letter from Sir Robert Gary to Lord Hunsdon, Warden of the East Marches 411 Memoirs of the Life of Robert Cary, 1 577-1625, pp. 195-196. 241. Anecdotes of Queen Elizabeth in letters of the Spanish ambassador 412 Calendar of State Papers, Spanish, 1 580-1586, pp. 573, 206. VI. The Close of Elizabeth's Reign 242. Letter from Sir Henry Sidney to his son Philip ... 412 Somers^ Tracts, Vol. I, p. 492. 243. Speech of Queen Elizabeth to parliament, November 30. 1601 415 Ibid. p. 244. CHAPTER XIV — THE PERSONAL MONARCHY OF THE EARLY STUARTS L Royal, Parliamentary, and Puritan Theories 244. Foreign plans of Elizabeth in her last year 418 Metnoircs dti Due de Sully, Vol. Ill, pp. 349 sgq. Paris, 1827. 245. Extracts from the Coutiterblaste to Tobacco 420 Arber, English Reprints, 1869, pp. c)C)sqq. 2S,(i. The Declaration of Sports 421 Arber, English Garner, Vol. V, pp. 311 sqq. 247. A Martin Marprelate tract 423 Arber, Martin Marprelate, the Epistle, Vol. II, pp. 3-34. 248. Extracts from the Millenary Petition 425 Prothero, Statutes and Constitutional Documents, pp. 413-414. Contents xxiii PAGE 249-250. Opinion of James I as to his powers 426 Prothero, Statutes and Constitutional Documents, pp. 293-294, 399-400- 251. Powers of the king according to Dr. Mainwaring . . . 427 Ibid. p. 438. 252. Opinions of the House of Commons on the respective powers of king and parliament 428 Ibid. pp. 286-293. II. The Religious Question 253. The Hampton Court Conference 431 William Barlow, The Sumtne and Substance of the Con- ference at Hampton Court, pp. 78-83. 254. The Gunpowder Plot 432 Diary of Walter Yonge, pp, 1-2 ; pub. by The Camden Society. III. The Spanish Marriage Project 255-256. Letters from James to Buckingham and the prince 433 Ellis, Original Letters, Series I, Vol. Ill, pp. 120, 138- 141. 257. Letter from Buckingham to King James 435 Ibid. pp. 146-147. 258. Letter from an Oxford professor to a friend .... 435 Ibid. pp. 159-160. IV. Francis Bacon and Walter Raleigh 259. Bacon's Essay On Studies 436 Arber, English Reprints ; Bacon's Essays, pp. 7-13. 260. Extract from Raleigh's History of the World .... 438 Walter Raleigh, Works,^o\.V\, ^p.T/b()sqq.; ed. 1829. 261. A letter from Raleigh to Prince Henry 439 Edward Edwards, Life and Letters of Raleigh, Vol. II, PP- 330-332- 262. A letter from Raleigh to his wife 440 Ibid. pp. 347-349- 263. Extracts from a contemporary correspondence . . . 441 Letters of George Lord Carew to Sir Thomas Roe, pp. 10- 97 ; pub. by The Camden Society. V. The Settlement of America 264. The voyage of the first settlers of Jamestown .... 443 George Percy, A Discourse of the Plantation of the Southern Colonies in Virginia, in Purchas, Pilgrims, Vol. XVIII, pp. 403-416. xxiv Readings in English History PAGE 265-266. The Pilgrims in England, Holland, and New England 446 Governor Bradford, History of Plimouth Plania- tioti, and Governor Winslow, Hipocrisy Un- tnasked, in E. Arber, Story of the Pilgrim Fathers, pp. 67-332, 334-351- VI. Contests between King and Parliament 267. Letter of King James to the House of Commons, December 3, 1621 451 RusHWORTH, Historical Collections, Vol. I, pp. 43-44. 268. The Great Protestation of the House of Commons, December 18, 1621 452 Ibid. p. 53. 269. The death of James and the accession of Charles . 453 Familiar Letters of James Howell, Book II, Sect. 4, Letter vii. 270. The contentious session of 1625 455 Autobiography of Sir Simonds D'Ewes, Vol. I, p. 279. 271. The impeachment of Buckingham, 1626 456 RusHWORTH, Historical Collections, Vol. I, p. 307. 272. Extracts from impeachment speeches 457 Ibid. pp. 307, 357, 359. 273. The parliament that adopted the Petition of Right . 457 Letter from Rev. Joseph Mead to Sir Martin Stute- ville, in Court and Times of Charles I. London, 1S48. 274. Extracts from the Petition of Right, 1628 .... 458 Statutes of the Realm, Vol. V, pp. 23, 24. 275. A speech in parliament by Rous, 1629 460 RusHWORTH, Historical Collections, Vol. I, p. 657. 276. A violent scene in parliament 460 MS. of Lord Verulam, in Archceologia, Vol. XXXVIII, pp. 242-244. 277. The three resolutions of March 2, 1629 462 RUSHWORTH, Historical Collections, Vol. I, p. 670. VII. The Period of Personal Government of Charles I 278. Trial and conviction of Prynne in Star Chamber . . 463 Ibid. Vol. II, pp. 220-233. 279. Extracts from the first writ of ship money, 1634 . . 465 Ibid. pp. 257-259. Contents xxv CHAPTER XV — THE GREAT REBELLION AND THE COMMONWEALTH I. The Impeachment of Strafiford page 280. The trial of the earl of Strafford 467 Letters and Jotcrnals of Robert Baillie, Vol. I, pp. 314 sqq. 281. A letter of Charles to Strafford 470 The Earl of Strafford's Letters and Dispatches, Vol. II, p. 416 ; ed. by W. Knowler. 282. Struggle of the king to save Strafford 471 Whitelocke, Memorials, pp. 43 sq. 283. A letter of expostulation from the king to parliament . 472 RusHWORTH, Historical Collections, Vol. IV, p. 265. II. The Crisis of 1642 284. Extracts from the Root and Branch Petition .... 473 Ibid. p. 93. 285. The intrusion of the king into the House of Commons 475 Sir Ralph Verney, Notes of Proceedings in the Long Parliament, pp. 137-139; pub. by The Camden Society. 286. A letter from a Londoner to a friend in the country . 477 The Trevelyan Papers, Vol. Ill, pp. 216-217 ; pub. by The Camden Society. 287. A letter from the king to an adherent, 1642 478 Ellis, Original Letters, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 291. III. The Period of the War 288. Extracts from the Areopagitica 479 Works of John Milton, Vol. IV, pp. 436-438. London, 1867. 289. A letter from Cromwell after the battle of Marston Moor, July 5, 1644 481 Ellis, Origitial Letters, Series I, Vol. Ill, pp. 300-302. 290. A letter from Cromwell after the battle of Naseby, June 14, 1645 4^2 Ibid. pp. 305-307. 291-294. Letters from Charles to Henrietta Maria, 1646 . . 483 Pub. by The Camden Society, pp. 14-16, 18-21, 87. IV. The Trial and Execution of the King 295. The trial of the king 485 Whitelocke, Memorials, pp. 365 sq. xxvi Readings in English History PAGE 296. The sentence of the High Court of Justice upon the king 486 RusHWORTH, Historical Collections, Vol. VII, pp. 1418- 1419. 297. Death warrant of Charles I 489 Ibid. p. 1426. 298. The king's last night 489 Warwick, Memoirs of King Chares II, 2d ed., pp. 336 sqq. 299. The execution of the king 490 Whitelocke, Memorials, p. 370, 300. Two stanzas from a contemporary poem upon Crom- well's return from Ireland 491 A. Marvell, Poetical Works, p. 133. London, 1892. 301. Y.-^X.xz.ct?, l\om.\.\\& Eikon Basilike 492 Eikon Basilike, pp. 1-256. V. The Commonwealth 302. Act declaring England a commonwealth, 1649 . . . 495 ScoBELL, Collection, Vol. II, p. 30. London, 1698. 303. Extracts from the Instrument of Government, 1653 . . 495 Parliamentary History, Vol. XX, p. 248. 304. Extracts from the first Navigation Act, 1651 . . . . 497 ScoBELL, Collection, pp. 165-170; ed. 1653. 305. Expulsion of the Long Parliament by Cromwell, 1653 498 Blencowe, Sydney Papers, p. 139. London, 1825. 306. A contemporary poem on Cromwell, 1652 499 Works of John Milton, Vol. I, pp. 166-167. London, 1867. 307. Extracts from the diary of a Royalist 500 John Evelyn''s Diary, Vol. I, pp. 16 sqq. London, 1872. CHAPTER XVI — RESTORATION AND REVOLUTION I. The Restoration Settlement 308. The Declaration of Breda 505 Parliamentary History, Vol. XXII, p. 238. 309. Reception of the Declaration of Breda by parliament . 507 Parliamentary Intelligeticer, No. 19, pp. 291-293. 310. The arrival of the restored king in England 508 Samuel Pefys' Diary, 1660, Vol. I, pp. 155 sqq. London, 1S97. 311. Character sketches of the king, the duke of York, and the earls of Clarendon and Shaftesbury . . . 511 Burnet, in Ranke, History of England, Vol. VI, pp. 78-86. Contents xxvii PAGE II. Social Conditions under Charles II 312. The persecution of Quakers 515 The Trevelyan Papers, Vol. Ill, pp. 2S9-290 ; pub. by The Camden Society. 313. Sufferings of the Quakers 516 Joseph Besse, A Collection of the Suferings of the People called Quakers, Vol. I, pp. 2S9, 199, 234, 570, 571. Lon- don, 1753. 314. The second Declaration of Indulgence 519 Adams and Stephens, Select Doctanents of English Con- stittttional History, pp. 434 sqq. 315. Register of events connected with the reduction of New Netherlands 520 Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York, Vol. II, pp. 410-414. 316. Extracts from the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 . . . 522 Statutes of the Realm, Vol. V, p. 935. 317. The plague 524 Saintiel Pepys^ Diary, ibb^,Yo\.\ ,Y)'p.^^sqq. London, 1897. 318. The great fire 526 Ibid. pp. 417 sqq. 319-320. Coffee-houses 529 Harleian Miscellany, Vol. VI, pp. 465, ^"josqq. III. Death of Charles II and Accession of James II 321. The death of Charles II 532 Letter of French envoy to Louis XIV, in Dalrymple's Mem- o/rj-. Vol. I, App., p. 152. London, 1790. 322. An epitaph on Charles II 534 Poems of the Earl of Rochester, p. 75. 323. The early actions of James II 534 FouNTAiNHALL, Memoirs, 1685. 324-327. Letters concerning the rebellion of the duke of Monmouth 537 Ellis, Original Letters, Series I, Vol. Ill, pp. 340-341, 342, 346. 328. Statement of the king's powers 538 Dr. Humphrey Gower, in E. Arber, Story of the Pil- grim Fathers, p. 17. IV. The Revolution 329. Declaration of Indulgence of 1687 539 Adams and Stephens, Select Documents of English Con- stitutional History, pp. 451 sqq. xxviii Readings in Efiglish History PAGB 330. Petition of the seven bishops 541 The Humble Petition of Seven Bishops to his Majesty ; a Collection of Papers relating to the Present Juncture of Affairs in England, No. i. London, 1688. 331. The invasion of William 543 Burnet, History of His Own Time, Vol. Ill, pp. 301-328, 2d ed., 1833. 332. Extracts from the Bill of Rights 545 Statutes of the Realm, Vol. VI, pp. 142 sqq. 333. The passage of the Toleration Act 548 Burnet, History of His Own Time, Vol. IV, pp. 16-22. 334. Extracts from the Mutiny Act 549 Statutes of the Realtn, Vol. VI, pp. 55 sqq. CHAPTER XVII— FOUNDATION OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE 1. The Reign of William and Mary 335. The battle of the Boyne 551 Burnet, History of His Oum Time, Vol. Ill, pp. 32-93. 336. The massacre of Glencoe, 1692 ... 554 An anonymous contemporary account, pp. 103-110; pub. by The Clarendon Historical Society, 1885. 337. Condition of parties under William 556 Paul Grimblot, Letters of William HI and Louis XIV, Vol. I, pp. 466-469. 338. Negotiations preceding the War of the Spanish Succes- sion 55^ Ibid. Vol. II, pp. 6-13. II. The Reign of Anne 339. The battle of Blenheim 560 Coxe, Memoirs of the Duke of Marlborough, Vol. I, pp. 206-214. 340. A description of the Dissenters, 1704 562 Edward Chamberlayne, Angliae Notitiae, or the Pres- ent State of England, pp. 252-257. 341. The point of view of the established church .... 565 Daniel Defoe, The Shortest Way with Dissenters; ed. by E. Arber, English Garner, Later Stuart Tracts, p. 191. 342. The union with Scotland 5^6 Statutes of the Realm, Vol. VIII, p. 566; 6 Anne, c. 11. Contents xxix PAGE 343. The condition of Ireland 568 Swift, ^ Short V^iew of the State of Ireland, lyzy, in Works, Vol. VII, pp. 115-117; ed. 1824. 344. The condition of Ireland 569 Swift, The Present Miserable State of Ireland, \n Works, Vol. VII, pp. 194-199. III. George I, George II, and Sir Robert Walpole 345. The characters of George I and George II .... 572 Lord Chesterfield, Works, Vol. IV, App. pp. 1-7. 346. Attitude of George II toward England 573 Lord Hervey, Memoirs, 1735, Vol. II, pp. 29-31 ; ed. 1848. 347. A letter concerning the South Sea Bubble, 1720 . . 574 William Pultney to Daniel Pultney, in Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole, Vol. II, p. 194. 348. A letter from Walpole to Townshend concerning secret-service money 575 Ibid. pp. 469-470. 349. Opposition to Walpole 576 Lord Bolingbroke to Sir William Wyndham, Ibid. Vol. Ill, P- 555- 350. Resignation of Walpole 576 Walpole to the duke of Devonshire, Ibid. pp. 592-593. 351. Marquis of Hartington to duke of Devonshire . , . 577 Ibid. p. 593. 352. Character of Walpole 578 Lord Chesterfield, Works, Vol. IV, App. pp. 35-41. 353. Character of Walpole 579 Pope, in Lord Chesterfield, Works, Vol. IV, App. p. 41. IV. The Rebellion of the Young Pretender and the Wes- leyan Movement 354. Letters of Horace Walpole to Sir Horace Mann . . 580 Letters of Horace Walpole, Vol. I, pp. 384 5-^^. ,■ Vol. II, pp. 18-19. 355. Extracts from Wesley's diary, 1 738-1 760 584 V^nsi.v.y, Journal, pp. 42-267 ; ed. 1902. 356. A description of Wesley 589 Letters of Horace Walpole, Vol. V, pp. 16-17. XXX Readings in English History PAGB V. The Growth of Imperial Interests 357. The " Black Hole " of Calcutta 590 Orme, History of the Military Transactions of the British Nation in Indosian front the year 1745, Vol. II, Sect, i, PP- 74-77- 358. Treaty between Meer Jaffier and the English .... 592 Ibid. pp. 161-162. 359. A French assertion of right to the country west of the Alleghenies 593 Royal Ministerial Minutes, trans, and pub. by E. B. O'Callaghan, Documents relati^ig to the Colotiial History of Nezv York, Vol. X, pp. 242-243. 360. Instructions from the English government to the gov- ernors of the American colonies. Orders trans- mitted by the earl of Holderness 595 Ibid. Vol. VI, p. 794. 361. A French account of Braddock's defeat 596 Ibid. Vol. X, pp. 303-304. 362. A letter from Wolfe before Quebec 597 Annual Register, 1759, p. 246. 363. The capture of Quebec 598 Captain John Knox, Historical Journal, Vol. II, pp. 66- 79- 364. Extracts from the journal of Captain Cook .... 601 Coon's Voyages of Discovery, pp. 151 sqq.; ed. 1904. CHAPTER XVIII— THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION I. George III and the New Ministry 365. Personal description of George III just before he became king 604 Memoirs of Earl Waldegrave, 1758, pp. 8 sqq. ; ed. 1821. 366. The young king 605 Letters of Horace Walpole, Vol. Ill, pp. 356-357. 367. The resignation of Pitt 606 Ibid. p. 446. 368. The character of Pitt 607 Lord Chesterfield, Works, Vol. IV, App. pp. 63-65. 369. The character and services of Pitt 608 Annual Register, 1761, p. 47. Contents xxxi PAGB II. The Industrial Revolution 370. Observations of Arthur Young in 1768 610 A Six Weeks' Tour through the Soittherti Comities, pp. 19-88. Dublin, 1768. 371. The canals in the north of England 612 Arthur Young, A Motith^s Tour in Northamptonshire, etc. in i7<)i. Annals of Agriculture and Other Useful Arts, Vol. XVI, pp. 532-533. 372. Machine manufacture in the north of England . . . 613 Letter from a correspondent in Gloucester, i78i,in Annals of Agriculture and Other Useful Arts, Vol. XVI, p. 422. 373. Notice of the death of Richard Arkwright 613 Gentleman'' s Alagazine and Historical Chronicle, Vol. LXII, pt. 2, pp. 770-771. 374. Importance of the work of James Watt 614 Francis Jeffrey, in Muirhead, Life of Watt, p. 402. New York, 1859. III. The Opposition to the Government 375. The North Briton, No. 45 616 376-379. Letters concerning the Wilkes troubles .... 618 Letters of Horace Walpole, Vol. IV, pp. 131-132, 144, 325 ; Vol. V, pp. 99-100. 380. One of the Junius Letters, 1768 622 Letters ofJu?iius, Vol. Ill, pp. 'J2i~77 i d- i8i4- IV. The Struggle with the American Colonies 381. Speech of Lord Chatham on the troubles in America 623 John Almond, A7iecdotes of the Life of the Right Hon. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, Vol. I, pp. 494-503. 382. The declaratory act of March, 1766 625 6 George III, c. 12; Statutes at Large, Vol. X, p. 152. 383. Speech of Townshend on the taxation of the Ameri- can colonies, 1767 626 Horace Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of George HI, Vol. Ill, pp. 28-32 ; ed. by Sir Lewis le Marchant. 384. A speech by Edmund Burke, 1775 628 Works, Vol. II, pp. 105-nS. Boston, 1881. 385. Journal of an American exile in England 631 Journal and Letters of Samuel Curwen, pp. 61-176 ; ed. by G. A. Ward. Boston, 1864. xxxii Readiiigs in English History PAGE 386. Letters of George III to Lord North during the Amer- ican war 634 Correspondence cf George the Third with Lord North from 1768 to 1783, Vol. I, pp. 2-227 ; sd. by W. B. Downe. 387. The king's acknowledgment of American independence 636 King's speech on opening parliament, December 5, 1782, Annual Register, 17S3, pp. 311-312. 388. Presentation of the first American minister to England 637 Letter of John Adams to John Jay from Westminster, June 2, 1785, in John Adams, Works, Vol. VIII, pp. 255-258. Boston, 1853. V, Dissatisfaction with the Government 3S9-390. Discussions and resolutions in parliament . . . 640 New Annual Register, 1780, pp. 148-153. 391. The Lord George Gordon riots - 641 Sir N. W. Wraxall, Historical Memoirs of My Own Time, Vol. I, pp. 323-341 ; ed. 1815. 392. Buying of seats in parliament 644 Memoirs of Sir Samuel Romilly, Vol. II, pp. 200-202. Lon- don, 1840. 393-394. Buying of seats in parliament 646 Memoirs and Correspondence of Francis Homer, \'ol. II, pp. 127-129. VI. The French Revolution and the Wars of Napoleon 395. Reflections on the Revolution in France 647 Works of Edmund Burke, Vol. Ill, pp. 240-332. Boston, 1881. 396. Act of Union between Great Britain and Ireland . .651 40 George III, c. 67, The Statutes Revised, Vol. II, p. 872. 397. Act abolishing the slave trade 652 47 George III, c. 36, Public General Statutes, First Session, 1807. 398. The insanity of George III 652 Diary of Madame D'Arblay, Vol. IV, pp. 235 sgg. London, 1843. 399. The insanity of George III 654 Journals of Madame Papendieck. London, 1887. 400. Nelson's signal at the battle of Trafalgar 655 Letter from Captain Pascoe, flag lieutenant on board the Victory, in Memoir of Codrington. London, 1873. 401. Contemporary opinion of Nelson 656 Robert Southey, Life of Nelson, pp. 312- -!i4. Boston, 1885. Contents xxxiii PAGE 402-403. Contemporary opinions on the duke of Wellington 657 Parliamentary Debates, Vol. XXXI, pp. 971-993. 404. The news in England of the capture of Napoleon after Waterloo 660 The London Times, July 25, 1815. CHAPTER XIX — THE PERIOD OF REFORM I. Contests between Conservatives and Radicals 405. An appeal to English laborers 663 William Cobbett, The Weekly Register, Nov. 2, 1816. 406-407. Letters concerning the riots of 18 12 and 1819 . . 665 Colonel Lamy to Colonel Lord Rolle, and duke of Welling- ton to Lord Sidniouth, in Pellew, Life and Correspofid- ence of Lord Sidmonth, Vol. Ill, pp. 88-293. 408. An account of the Manchester massacre 667 Sir W. J. H. Joliffe, lieutenant in the 15th Hussars, Ibid, pp. 254-257. 409. Letter of the Prince Regent to Lord Sidmouth . . . 696 Ibid. p. 262. II. Early Reforms 410. Opinion of the Russian emperor on the English penal code 669 Ibid. p. 120. 411. Report of a parliamentary committee favoring repeal of death penalty for many crimes 670 Report of Select Committee of the House of Comtnons on Criminal Laws, 1820, pp. 352-357. 412. Testimony to prove inefficiency of the laws .... 673 Ibid. pp. 358-365. 413. The age and extent of the Roman Catholic Church . 674 Lord Macaulay, Essay on Von Ranke's History of the Popes, Vol. VI, pp. 454-455. London, 1871. 414. The desirability of Roman Catholic emancipation . . 676 Sydney Smith, Peter Plymley^s Letters, Works, p. 452 ; ed. 1844. 415. The Catholic Emancipation Act 678 10 George IV, c. 7, Statutes at Large, Vol. LXV, pt. 2, p. 49. III. The Reform Bill of 1832. 416. The declaration of the duke of Wellington against reform 676 Parliamentary Debates, 3d series. Vol. I, pp. 52-53. xxxiv Readings in English History PAGE 417-418. The introduction of the first Reform Bill . . . 680 Parliamentary Debates, 3d series, Vol. II, pp. 1061-1063, 1090-11 1 1. 419. A speech in opposition to the bill 684 Ibid. Vol. Ill, pp. 115-117. 420. List of towns to be disfranchised 686 MOLESWORTH, History of England from i&so to 1874, Vol. I, pp. 7S-80 421. Macaulay's account of the first passage of the first Reform Bill 688 Letter to Rev. Francis Ellis, in Life atid Letters of Lord Macaulay, Vol. I, pp. 186-188 ; ed. by G. O. Trevelyan. IV. General Reform Legislation 422. A debate on a proposed factory act, June 6, 1815 . . 690 Parliatnentary Debates, Vol. XXXI, pp. 624-626. 423. Testimony given before the parliamentary committee of 1832 692 Charles Wing, Evils of the Factory System, pt. 2, pp. 57- 58. London, 1S37. 424. Speech of Michael Sadler on introducing the bill of 1833 69s Ibid. pp. 275-2S4. 425. The conditions that called for the reform of the post- office 697 Edinburgh Review, January, 1840, pp. 554-556. V. Queen Victoria 426. The coronation of Queen Victoria 699 C. C. F. Greville, Clerk of the Council, A Journal of the Reign of Queen Victoria, Vol. I, pp. 92-94. 427. Queen Victoria's engagement and marriage .... 701 A letter to her uncle the king of Belgium, in Queen Victoria, Memoirs of the Prince Consort, pp. 188-189; compiled by Hon. C. Grey, 1867. VI. Chartism and the Corn Laws 428. The first Chartist petition, 1838 702 R. G. Gammage, History of the Chartist Movement, pp. 87-90. 429. Comment by a contemporary on the Chartist move- ment 704 C. C. F. Greville, Clerk of the Council, A Journal of the Reign of Queen Victoria, Vol. II, pp. 298-321. 430 Poetic attacks on the aristocracy 708 Ebenezer Elliott, Corn-Law Rhymes, Vol. I, pp. 73-97. London, 1834. Contents xxxv PAGE 431. A laborer's mass meeting, 1846 710 The London Times, January 7, 1846. 432. The first appearance of the potato blight in England . 713 Memoirs of Sir Robert Peel, Vol. II, pp. 109-110; pub. by Lord Mahon and Right Hon. Edward Cardwell, M.P. London, 1857. 433. A letter concerning the potato blight and the corn laws 714 Ibid, pp: 114-115. 434. A free-trade resolution in the House of Commons . . 715 Parliametitary Debates, 3d series, Vol. 123, p. 458. CHAPTER XX — THE GROWTH OF DEMOCRACY I. The Middle Years of the Century 435. Scenes from the Sepoy rebellion 716 HoDDER, Twelve Years of a Soldier^ s Life in India, pp. 230-291. 436. Proclamation of Queen Victoria in India in 1858 . . 721 Anm/al Register, 1859, pp. 203-205. 437. Mr. Disraeli and Mr. Gladstone in 1838 723 Grant, Random Recollections of the Lords and the Com- mons, pp. 149-152. 438. Observations in the House of Commons in 1854. . . 726 W. W. Brown, Sketches of Places and People Abroad, pp. 285-293. 11. England and the Civil War in America 439. Speech of John Bright on the Trent affair 729 James E. Thorold Rogers, Speeches on Questions of Public Policy by Right Hon. John Bright, pp. 85-99. London, 1869. 440. Poem on the death of Lincoln 734 London Punch, May 6, 1865. III. The Completion of Parliamentary Reform 441. A debate in the House of Commons on the Reform Bill of 1866 735 Annual Register, 1866, pp. 1 15-135. 442. The law abolishing religious tests at the universities . 739 34 and 35 Victoria, c. 26. 443. The law establishing free public schools 741 Elementary Education Act of 1870; 33 and 34 Victoria, c. 75, par. 5-7. xxxvi Readings in English History PAGE 444. The law legalizing trade unions 742 Trade Union Act of 1871 ; 34 and 35 Victoria, c. 31, par. 2, 3. 6, 7, II- 445. Report to parliament of a committee on trade unions . 743 Eleventh Report of the Royal Commissioners, i8bq, Vol. I, pp. xxxii-xliii. 446. An attack on the House of Lords 747 Letters of Right Hon. John Bright, pp. 224-225 ; ed. by H. J. Leech, 1895 IV. Irish Home Rule 447. The Irish Home Rule Bill in the House of Commons . 748 John Morley, Life of Gladstone, Vol. Ill, pp. 307-340, 559-560. 448. A poem in favor of reconciliation 751 William Watson, England to Ireland, February, 1888. V. The British Empire 449. An opinion adverse to colonization 752 Sir John Sinclair, History of the Public Revenue of the British Empire, Vol. II, p. 87. 450. An argument against colonization in 1830 753 Sir Henry Parnell, On Financial Reform, pp. 250-257. London, 1830. 451. Opposition to the English colonial system 755 Anonymous, in Wakefield, Art of Colonization, pp. 283- 288. 452. Extracts from Lord Durham's report on Canada . . 757 Earl of Durham, Report on the Affairs of British North America, pp. 4-228; ed. 1902. 453. An argument in favor of retaining the colonies . . . 762 W. E. FORSTER, Address to the Edinburgh Philosophical Institution, The London Times, November 6, 1875. 454. An imperialistic sonnet 764 William Watson, To the Colonies, April, 1885. 455. An ode on the colonies 765 Algernon Charles Swinburne, England; an Ode, in Astrophel and Other Odes. 456. An imperialist article 7^6 The London Speaker, June 26, 1897. 457. The significance of the Diamond Jubilee 767 The New York Times, 1897. READINGS IN ENGLISH HISTORY CHAPTER I THE GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND I. Accounts by Ancient Geographical Observers The location, the shape, the surface, the climate, and the natural productions of England having remained much the same in all ages are no better described in early writers than in those of the present day. Indeed, their opportunities for observation and their scientific training in geography were so much less, that it is to modern, not to ancient, authors that we must look for accurate and full descriptions. Nevertheless, it is a matter of interest to see what was the geographical knowledge concerning England of those who lived when its history was opening. Its most prominent features were noticed and described by the earliest travelers that reached Britain from the continent. Its island character, its triangular shape, its long days in summer and long nights in winter, its high tides, its forests, its productions of tin, grain, and cattle, are mentioned by one after another of the Greek and Ro- man writers to whom it seemed a distant and strange land, — almost another continent. 2 Readings in English Histofy Julius Caesar, who began to make inquiries about Britain in the summer of 55 B.C., and visited it for the first time in the fall of that year, describes several of these characteristics, though he saw only its south- eastern portion, and makes many mistakes. 1. Caesar's The island is triangular in form, one side facing Gaul. Of de^ription ^j^jg gj^jg Qj^g angle, which is in Kent, where almost all the ships land from Gaul, looks toward the east ; the lower angle of this same side lies towards the south. Its length is about five hundred miles. The second side of the triangle faces Spain and the west. On this side lies Ireland, an island, as is thought, only half as large as Britain, but separated from it by a dis- tance as great as that of Britain from Gaul. Midway between the two there is an island which is called Mona. Many other islands as well are supposed to lie opposite this coast ; con- cerning these some say that at the time of the winter solstice there is night continuously for thirty days. We found none of these things on inquiry, except we discovered by exact meas- urement of the water clock that the nights were longer than ours on the continent. The length of this side according to their opinion is 700 miles. The third side of the triangle faces the north. No land is directly opposite, but the angle of this side points towards Germany. This is thought to be 800 miles in length. Thus the entire island is in circumference 2000 miles. Diodorus Siculus, a Greek traveler and historian, was born in Sicily, but lived many years at Rome. He wrote in Greek, about ten years after Caesar's invasion of Britain, and gives an interesting account of the pro- duction of tin in Britain and its export to the continent. 2. Account Opposite that part of Gaul which borders on the ocean, by Diodorus ^nd directly across from the Hercynian forests, reported to be the largest in Europe, lie many islands. The largest of these is called Britain. In early times this remained free from The GeograpJiy of England 3 foreign influence ; for neither Bacchus nor Hercules nor any of the other heroes or mighty men, so far as we know, waged war with it. In our time, indeed, Caius Caesar, who has ob- tained the name of a god because of his great deeds, became the first one of all those whose memory is preserved to reduce the island to subjection, and to force the conquered Britons to pay a fixed tribute. These things will be recounted in detail in their own place ; at this time we shall speak a few words about the island and the tin taken from it. It is triangu- The shape lar in shape, the same as Sicily, but its sides are unequal. Since ^"^ ^'^^ '^'^ it extends obliquely from Europe the headland next the con- tinent, which they call Cantium, is only about one hundred stadia from the mainland, at which place a strait runs between. A second angle, Belerium by name, is four days' sail from the continent. The last, called Orca, is said to project out into the sea. The shortest side faces Europe and measures 7500 stadia; the second, extending from the channel to the extreme north, is said to be 15,000 stadia in length ; while the last side measures 20,000 stadia ; so the entire circumference of the island is 42,500 stadia. They allege that the residents are the original inhabitants who still retain their primitive manners and customs. For in their battles they use chariots in the same manner as it is re- ported the ancient Greek heroes fought in the Trojan War. They live in small huts usually built of reeds or wood. When they have reaped their grain they store the ears cut from the stalk in underground storehouses. From thence they take as much of the oldest as will be needed for the day, and after grinding it they prepare their food from it. Their customs are simple, being far removed from the craftiness and wickedness of our time. They are content with frugal fare and do not have the desires which come with riches. The island has a large population, and has a cold climate, since it stretches so far to the north, lying directly under the Great Bear. Many kings and chieftains rule there, usually keeping peace among themselves. Concerning their institutions, and other things peculiar to The produc- the island, we shall speak specially when we come to the ex- *^°" °^ *"^ pedition of Caesar into Britain. At this time we shall treat of Readings iti English History 3. Descrip- tion by Tacitus the tin which is dug from the ground. Those who dwell near Belerium, one of the headlands of Britain, are especially fond of strangers, and on account of their trade with the merchants they have a more civilized manner of living. They collect the tin after the earth has been skillfully forced to yield it. Although the land is stony, it has certain veins of earth from which they melt and purify the metal which has been extracted. After making this into bars they carry it to a certain island near Britain called Ictis. For although the place between is for the most part covered with water, yet in the middle there is dry ground, and over this they carry a great amount of tin in wagons. . . . Thence the merchants carry into Gaul the tin which they have bought from the inhabitants. And after a journey of thirty days on foot through Gaul, they convey their packs carried by horses to the mouths of the Rhone River. By the time of Tacitus, who wrote the following account of Britain about a.d. 100, the island was quite familiar to the Romans, and he is therefore more inter- ested in describing its distant parts, those now known as Scotland, which had but recently been explored. He still repeats the mistaken belief of all the ancients that Spain extended so far to the north that it lay to the west of Britain. It is evident that but few voyages could have been made by sea all the way from the Mediterranean to Britain or this mistake would have been corrected. Since the geography and the peoples of Britain have been already treated by many writers, I shall speak, not with the idea of vying with these authors in art or genius, but because it was at this time first thoroughly subdued. Those things which former writers, not fully comprehending, embeUished' with their eloquence, will be set