'IS F Jiy"\ V T" n r" ^, i). Of i), OCT 28 f£ PRESENTED BY THE ^tatr Centennial Celebration Committee Chairman, Prof. J. A. WooDBURN, State Utii\ersity Bloomington, Ind. Treauinr, Prof. Harlow Lindley, Earlham College Richmond, Ind. AT LARGE Prest. W. L. Bryan, State University Bloomington, Ind. Pres. W. E. Stone, Purdue University Lafayette, Ind. Miss Charity Dye Indianapolis, Ind. Dr. F. B Wynn Indianapolis, Ind. John B. Stoll South Bend, Ind. FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Mrs. Nora Fretageot New Harmony, Ind. SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Royal Purcell Vincennes, Ind. THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Lew O'Bannon Corydon, Ind. FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT I. N. Brown Franklin, Ind. FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT F. M. Tilden Greencastle, Ind. SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Dr. S. E. Smith Richmond, Ind. SEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT John E. Hollett Indianapolis, Ind. EIGHTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Dr. G. W. H. Kemper Muncie, Ind. NINTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Dan Waugh Tipton, Ind. TENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Prof. G. I. Christie, Purdue University Lafayette, Ind. ELEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Frank Stutesman Peru, Ind. TWELFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Theodore Thieme Ft. Wayne, Ind. THIRTEENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Judge Jos. G. Ieaugh Hammond, Ind. u ^^ BURFORD PRINT, NOlANAPOLIS. 'X^l Indiana Centennial Celebration Committee Dr. Frank B. Wynn, Chairman 311 Newton ClayiJOol Building. Indianapolis FIRST DISTRICT John W. Spencer, Evaiisville Judge Supreme Court of Indiana SECOND DISTRICT Wm. L. Bryan, Bloomingtoii President Indiana University THIRD DISTRICT Lew M. O'Bannon, C'orydon Editor and Proprietor the Corvdon Democrat FOURTH DISTRICT I. Newt Brown, Franklin President State Board ol Agriculture FIFTH DISTRICT Albert O. Lockridge, Greencastle Farmer and Lecturer on Agricultural Topics SIXTH DISTRICT Dr. Samuel E. Smith, Richmond Medical Supt. Eastern Indiana Hospital for Insane SEVENTH DISTRICT Cassius C. Hadley, Indianapolis Ex-Judge of the Appellate Court of Indiana JoHF E. Hollett, Indianapolis Ex-President Commercial Club of Indi.an.apnlis EIGHTH DISTRICT W. H. EiCHHORN, Bluffton Circuit Judge 2Sth Judicial Circuit NINTH DISTRICT Dan Waugh, Tipton Ex-Congressman TENTH DISTRICT Winthrop E. Stone, Lafayette President Purdue University ELEVENTH DISTRICT W. H. Sanders, Marion Editor Marion Daily Chronicle TWELFTH DISTRICT Andrew A. Adams, Columbia City Judge of the Appellate Court of Indiana THIRTEENTH DISTRICT Dr. Edward A. Rumely, Laporte Treasurer and Cieneral Manager M. Kuniely Co. Table of Contents PAGE 1. Scope and Character of the Proposed Celebration. By the Committee 9 Let it be conducted along Historical and Educational lines, in which every community is participant. 2. The Indiana Centennial Commission. Demarehus Brown, Secre- tary Commission 16 Its purpose, to select site and prepare plans for a Memorial Library and Museum. In addition, there should be an adequate and appropriate celebra- tion. 3. Growth and Achievements of the Law. Addison C. Harris 19 All historical review with suggestions as to how the evolution of Indiana's laws may be.st be shown. 4. Religion. Frfincis H. Gavisk and M. L. Haines 25 What religion has been to the settlement and development of the St^ite. and suggestions as to how this might be set forth in the celebration. 5. Indiana Histoiy and Its Celebration. James A. Woodburn, Indiana University 30 Showing how tlie whole history of the State might be told impressibly in pageantry; also an argument for historical research and the presenation of historical material. 6. Literature. Meredith Nicholson 38 Besides the historical page:uit it is recommended that a deiiartment be de- voted in the new Librar.v and Museum to Indiana literature and relics per- taining to its development. 7. Elementarj' Education. Charles A. Greathouse, Superintendent of Public Instruction 45 Traces the development of the school building, te.Kt-books, school eijuip- ment, modifications in school discipline, etc., showing liow e.xliiblts cduld be made highly instructive. 8. Collegiate Education in Indiana. William L. Bryan, President Indiana University 51 Outline suggesting collection of books, and pictures, and the preparation ol charts, and the presentation of lectures, setting forth the history and progress of institutions of leiiniing. 9. Music. Edward B. Birge 55 Preparations should be begun at once in all the larger towns and cities for a great Music Fest in 1916. Long preparatory training will be essential for a successful musical event. 10. Art. Frederick Allen Whiting. Director Herron Art Institute, In- dianapolis 58 State has achieved worthily in art, and some of the best men amongst the Indiana group should be chosen to make the mural decorations in the Library and Museum; and the Hoosier spirit should be e.xemplitied in a splen- did sculptural group. 11. Outline of an Exhibit of Technical Education. Winthrop E. Stone, President Purdue University 63 The technical schools of the State would be able to contribute largely toward a centennial celebration, since work of this kind lends itself well for purposes of demonstration. 12. Agriculture. G. I. Christie, Purdue LTniversity 67 Show by scientitically demonstrated exhibits the agricultural resources and possibilities of the State. 8 1>AGK 18. Forestry. Stanley Coiilter. Purdue University 71 Ex'hiliits should set forth lucidly what we origuiall.v li:ul. whiit we havr and what we might have. 14. Public Health. J. N. Hiirty, Secretary State Board of Health 7:i In the celebration health exhiliits would teach the lessfins of preventable diseases: the need of keeping stn ims pure, of better hygiene for towns and cities, and of fostering school-hygit-ne. 15. Outline of Proposed Athletic Events. T. P. Moran and Hugh Nicol, Purdue University 77 Show history of development of athletics in State and proviile tinally in tJie celebration for a great Olympic. 16. Civic Coordination and Park Development. Heniy Jameson, Presi- dent Indianapolis Park Hoard 81 Make survey of cities and towns of State with a view to stimulating civic betterment, lesthetie, hygienic and sanitai'y. 17. C'harities and Correction. Amos W. P>utler, Secretary State Board of Charities 87 Ili.story and progress of Indiana's charitable and penal institutions and methods: how they may best be shown in the celebration. 18. Suggestions for a Display of Indiana's Minerals, Fossils, Quarries, etc. David Worth Dennis, Earlham College 95 Such an exhibition could not only be made very altractive, but very in- structive and practical. 19. Stock and Farming Resources. Charles Downing, Secretary' State Board of Agriculture 99 Exhibition would reveal our vast resources and, scientitically presented. would give tremendous impetus to better stock raising .ind farming methods. 20. Manufactures, Commerce and Trade. Edward A. Kuniely, Laporte. . 10;i A Hist(U-ical and Educational Celebration would unify the divided inter- ests and regions of Indiana, making for a greater future — cununcrciMl. cul- tural and moral. 21. Transportation. Clarence A. Kenyon, Indianapolis 110 Development in Indiana. Exhibits properly demonstrated would teach les- sons about road Imilding and many other subjects relating to transportation. 22. How to Awaken Oeneral Interest in the Centennial Celebration. Lew M. O'Bannon, Corydon 119 Reach |ieople by a booklet in the schiMils, recounting Indiana's history and achievement.s. Every community should participate somehow in the cele- bration. 23. Convention Hall. Indianapolis. Henry H. Danner and L. H. Lewis.. 122 An adeipiate r'onvcntion ball in Indianapolis is a iiresslng need f'lr the city and State, which must and will be met by the public spirited citizen.ship of IndianajMdis in anii)le time for the Centennial Celebration. 24. Going Back Home in 1916. Wilbur D. Nesbit, Chicago 125 To visit again the old scenes and grasp again the hands of old friends, will be the rarest privilege which all ex-Hoosiers will enjoy in the home-coming. 25. Quotations from a Few Letters Relating to the Proposed Centennial Celebration in 1916 l'^'^ 26. Newer Buildings of Indiana Colleges 1'36 27. Illustrations Showing Progress and Development in Various Fields. . 140 4 List of Illustrations Page 1. Soldiers' .iiul Sailui-s' Mi'Duineiit S "2. First StMte House, ( 'iirydon 10 :;. Second State Honse. Indiauniidlis 12 4. Postoftiee, IiidiaiiaiKilis, 1850 14 5. Present Pnstoffice Kiiilding, IndiauaiX)lis ir> (i. rarto(jn showing necessity for more room in State House 16 7. Present Indiana State House 17 S. Indiana Territorial Government House, Vincennes 20 n. First Governor of Indiana 21 1(1. Tip]>efanoe Battle Ground 22 11. Little Cedar Church, near Brookville 25 12. McKendrie Church, near Brookville 20 13. Henry Ward Beecher's Church 2.S 14. St. Mary".s Catholic Church. Indianapolis 2!) 15. Pioneer Hoosier Residence 32 16. Indiana Residence of 1S40 32 17. Group of Modern Residences 34 18. Maps of Early Indiana 36 111. Edward Eggleston 38 •JH. Edward Eggleston's Birthplace 39 21. ( teneral I.,ew Wa 1 lace 40 22. Interior of Lew Wallace's Study 42 23. Exterior of Lew Wallace's Study 43 24. First Log Schotilhouse in Wayne County 45 25. Little Red Schoolhouse 46 2ii. Recent Type of Country Schoolhouse 47 27. Consolidated High School Building 48 28. First Buildings of Indiana Colleges 50 29. First Building Indiana University 52 30. Early Buildings Ashury University 53 31. "On the Banks of the Wabash Far Away" 55 32. Noblesville Band. 1850 56 33. Herron Art Institute. Indianapolis 58 34. Exhibition Art Work. Richmond 59 3.">. Exhibit of Student Art Work 60 36. Purdue School of Jlechanical Engineering 62 37. Purdue Agricultural Building 64 38. The Purdue Herd 66 39. What Indiana Micht Uo for Apple Production 68 40. Giant White Oak 70 41. Rocky Mountain Forest and an Indiana Woods 72 43. Indiana Tuberculosis Hospital 74 44. Protect Indiana Streams 75 4."i. Public Swimming Pool 7S 40. Public Playground 79 47. A Beautiful Stream to Con.serve 82 45. .Vn < lid Wooden Bridge S3 -111. A New Indiana Bridge 84 ."lU. Before and After Treatment by a Park Board 85 ."il . Proposed State House Plaza 86 52. Early Tyiie of Indiana Jail 87 53. State Pris(ui. Michigan City 8S 54. Old Orange County Infirmary 90 55. New Orange County Intirmary 91 56. Administration Building. Northern Hospital for Insane 93 57. An Indiana Quarry 95 58. Skeleton of a Mastodon 96 59. "Shades of Death" 97 60. Indiana4)red Horses 95) 61. ilodel 1 )airy Baru 100 62. Indiami Prize-winning Cow 101 Page 63. Tunnel Mill near Vernon 104 64. Indiana-made Tractor and Plows 105 05. Center of Population of the United States 106 0(1. Old State Bank, Brookville 107 07. Ox-team in Transportation Ill 68. Packet "Governor Morton," First Trip 112 69. First Gasoline Motor Vehicle in United States ll.T 70. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway 114 71. Up-to-date Kailway Transportation 110 72. "The Constitutional Elm" 118 T.'i. I 'rimitive Habitation 120 74. Rocky Mountain and Brown County Roads 121 75. Cartoon— Need of a Coliseum 123 7Y THE Cu.MMITTEE. The Centenary of Indiana's statehood is near at liand. Cognizance ^vas taken of the approaching event by the Legislature of 1911 in the creation of a Centennial Commission to recommend a site and suggest plans for a i)ei-manent memorial. The action of the Connnission in de- ciding- upon a Library and Museum was universally applauded as wise and jjatriotic. That the succeeding Legislature will approve this movement, considering it with that largeness of view, consistent with the State's history, achievements and ]n-ospects, we take for granted. A splendid Libraiy and Museum of the monumental design and fitting environment contemiilated, will sup])ly an urgent present need, tj^pify- ing tlie i)atriotic and intelligent spirit of the Conunonwealth today; and stand a hundred years hence to i)roclaim with dignity the high character of citizenship in 1916. As stated in a succeeding chapter, on authority of the Indiana Centennial Commission, the law of 1911 did not empower them to go farther than recoimnend a site and prepare plans for a permanent memorial. Any consideration of a formal celebration was not con tem])lated in the act. Meantime there has arisen a sjiontaneous and wide-spread sentiment in favor of an adequate and ajjiiropriate cele- bration. In response to this feeling and upon call of the Grovernoi' and Indiana Centennial Commission there was held in Indianapolis, on May 3, 1912, a banquet at which the matter of a suitalile Centennia! Celebration was carefully considered. Various sections of the State were well represented by men of distinction, incluiliiig (lovernor ;\Iar- shall, Charles W. Fairbanks, members of the Indiana Centennial Com- mission, members of the House of Rejiresentatives, eminent jurists, educators, clergy, re]!resentatives of Indiana's leading business or- ganizations, newsjiaper men, and jiuiilic officials. The Hon. Chas. L. Jewett, Chainnan of the Centennial Connnission, presided. As ex- pressing the enthusiastic sense of that meeting, the following resolu tions were adopted: 1. That we conmiend the movement initiated and under the di- rection of the Indiana Centennial Commission, to establish a State Historical Library and Museum building, of am])le size, artistic design, (Loaned !>>■ H.J, 1 rredloy^ First State House of Indiana, located at Corydon. In excellent state of preservation and with proper setting for architectural effect, as a permanent me- morial, to mark the end of the century of the State's existence. 2. That sujiplemental to the historical library and museum, we believe there should be a Centennial Celebration of such dignity and duration as to fittingly typify the State's history, achievements, growth, wealth and resources, and likewise set forth its possibilities; that the celebration in its essential features should be historical and educational in character, with commercial and trade features as secondary. 3. That in the consiunmation of such a celebration Indianapolis should set about to secure the erection of a splendid coliseum and music hall, the same in conjmiction with the Historical Library and Museum, to house such historical, educational and other exhibits as may be developed and demonstrated by experts during the course of the celebration; that for one period of the celebration the coliseum should be used for a great farm machinery and automobile show; at another period, agricultural and horticultural products; for the third, a great Olympic; for the fourth, a great music fest in which trained bands, chonises, orchestras from the various cities of the State, after prolonged coordinated ])repai'ation, might be brought together in a. great music festival, etc. 4. That in our judgment the work of the State Board of Edu- cation, the State Board of Agriculture, the State Board of Health, the State Board of Charities and the Indiana Historical Society should be coordinated and harmonized in any attempt at a celebration. 5. The foregoing plan of celebration in our judgment offers great advantages, amongst which may be enumerated : (a) It is possible of accomjilishment without great expense to the State. (b) The historical exhibits which will be developed will be saved to the State and preserved in the archives of the new Museimi for the instiTiction of present and future generations. Relics and documents of unpurchasable value will be saved which would otherwise drift to other States and be lost to us for all time to come. (c) The plan of educational exhibits demonstrated by trained experts will offer to all our citizenship knowledge of real value which they may cany home and apply. These exhibits will reveal to the people the needs and possibilities of education, in all its phases; will show the unsuspected and undeveloped natural resources about us on every hand; will make plain the necessity of better consei-ving our natural resources, the soil, the forests, the mines, the purity and beauty 11 o X of our streams, and above all teach the lessons relating to the con- servation of human life and liealth. The Indiana Centennial Celebration Coimnittee was created as a result of the general meeting held on May 3d, and the resolutions just quoted have formed the basis for the recommendations which follow. The succeeding chiipters contain suggestive outlines for the Cele- bration prepared by persons especially competent to speak upon the subjects they treat. Their suggestions are earnestly commended for serious consideration by the General Assembly, as the wise and care- fully-thought-out work of experts. Of the State's varied activities only a small ])art has received consideration. It is only oifered as a tentative plan, to be elaborated and perfected by painstaking labor and thought during the three years to come. With the event so near at hand it is well to take reckonings. In so important a matter it is the height of unwisdom to drift. Lagging- will end in conventional mediocrity. Early attention will enable care- fully wrought ])lans and am))le time for their fulfillment. An Educational and Historical Celebration as advised will or should require on the part of thousands of persons, the most pains- taking preparation. It will mean intelligent and well manned central organization, in active touch with all the cultural and moral forces as well as the i^roductive industries. Wise agitation and direction as well as efficient organization will be necessary in eveiy county of the State. This will require time. It wnll likewise take money; not an enor- mous sum and yet sufficient to insure a campaign of instructive ])lan- ning in every community. A liberal fimd should be available for the purchase of historical ]Mctures, manuscripts, relies, specimens of fos- sils, minerals, or archaeological remains for installation in the Museum; also for prizes to stimulate historical research in the schools and pro- mote the preparation of community exhibits. Money invested in this mannei' will be of the greatest practical advantage, in promoting the educational phase of the Celebration, and bring to the Museum material of inestimable value. As the year 1916 approaches there should be regional celebrations and "try-outs," preparing the way for the culminating event. The greatest benefit accruing to the State from such Historical and Edu- cational Celebration will arise from the thorough course of training necessary to its successful achievement. In considering the scope and character of any proposed celebra- tion, the conventional exposition has not been deemed worthy of serious 13 thought. Such are in their essential features great department store exliibits, entailing enormous expense in the construction of temjjorary buildings which serve the puiiiose of a day and are torn down; an unwai-i'antable extravagance. It is the prime purpose of this Commit- tee to inaugurate and promote a method of commemoration which will not only be dignified and appropriate but give permanency of results to the entire citizenship. Our history, achievements and growth are inspirational. Why not let them speak to the world through the people who have wrought so well. Educational and Historical Exhibits, demonstrated by exjterts will insure the greatest good to the greatest nmnber. The)' will give that breadth of knowledge which is an asset of value, powei' and jiermanence. Post Office, Indianapolis, 1850 In the year 1908 the city of Quebec proclaimed in splendid pag- eantry to assembled guests from all the world, the story of her history. For a fortnight the citizens of New York City and every village upon the Hudson consecrated themselves to impressive and ui)lifting cere- monies in commemoration of the work of Hudson and Fulton. It is well that we celebrate each year with proud acclaim the birthday of the nation and of our illustrious national hero. But what of Indiana? Has the Commonwealth an im worthy past! Was it a small matter to struggle with the privations of pioneer life, to brave the terrors of wild beasts and barbarous tribes'? Is it of no moment that in all the national wars of the past century Indiana has ])layed a noble part? Is it a trifling matter that in these hundred 14 years endless forests and swamps have been supplanted by fertile fields and prosperous cities, with humming factories and busy com- merce? Who can contemplate without swelling ])ride the transition from the log schoolhouse to our unexcelled public school system, the growth of our colleges and flowci'iiig out of the simplicity and culture of our Hoosier life a literature to which all the world ]iays homage. Once the term "Hoosier" implied opprobrium. Xow the title is worn proudly, emblematic of character and worth. Present Indianapolis Post Office Building In the face of these facts what Indianian is so unresponsive to patriotic sentiment as to oppose a fitting celebration of Indiana's Cen- tenary in 1916? We refuse to believe there are such. The time and the occasion ai-e not ordinaiy. The situation calls for the broadest cooperation and the most exalted patriotism. It de- mands the abolishment of political lines and sectional feeling. Let us recognize no north, nor south ; no Evansville, no Fort Wajaie, no Indianapolis; but only Indiana. Hoosierdom belongs to us all. Let us celebrate her Centenary worthily. Indiana is the geographical and cultural heart of the Nation. Let it throb with patriotism in 1916! 15 The Indiana Centennial Commission Demarchus Bhown. The Indiana Centennial Commission was created l»y the law of 1911 for the inirpose of selecting a site and preparing plans for the memorial Iniilding to eommeniorate in 1916 tlie admission of Indiana. The Great Question cSHA^gli Where to put 'Em? into the Union. The law defines the purpose of this building to be the "proper housing of the State Libraiy and Musemn, Public Library Commission, and the educational and scientific offices of the State." This memorial shall be known as the "Indiana Educational Building." 16 — V o 15 > 5 ,o £ S E The Centeiiiii;i] ( 'oiiiiiiis.sioii consists of Colonel ('liarles Ij. Jewett of Xew Albany, Senator Frank M. Kistler of I^og-ansport, Kein-osent- ative Joseph ^I. Cravens of Madison, Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks of Indianapolis, and State Librarian Deniarehus C. Brown. This Com- mission nnder the law is concerned only with the plans and the erec- tion of a snital)le memorial bnilding. The members are alive, however, to the importance of a pri)])er celebration of the State's Centennial apart from the dedication of the proposed structure. There should lie a historical pageant which would bring- before the eye of the people the develo|)ment and gro\vth of Indiana. There should be exhibitions in agriculture, manufacturing, education, art, transportation, music, and all departments of life. These will be made as ]")ermanent as possible because the celebration must he far j-emoved from the ejihemeral exjiosition. A worthy celeln'ation carried out in a dignitied manner will not only be instructive but a source of inspiration for the future. While not anthoiized by the statute to do so, the Centennial Com- n]ission called a meeting of public-sjiiiited citizens in May, 1912, to discuss the whole question. The meeting was representative of the entire State and showed great interest in the celebration of the cen- tennial of Indiana's admission into the Union. An organization was formed to arouse public sentiment on the suliject and to keep the mat- ter before the ]ieoi)l('. It is hoped that this organization will be strengthened and supported by the Centennial Commission, even if an enlargement of the powers of the latter should become necessary for that imrpose. The Centennial Commission desii'cs not only Uic collection and preservation of the State's history and relics of all kinds in a great library and miiseum which shall be a useful institution to all the people, but it hopes to see a universal interest in the history and de- velopment of the commonwealth and a profound concern for its i^ast. Indiana has not done what other States have in the preseivation of its liistoiy. Can the public be aroused to a fuller a^jpreeiation of this matter? A great celebration at the time of the dedication of the memorial building in 1916 will do more to awaken and keep alive the public interest than anything else. This means if the celebration be done in a worthy, dignified way, and if the building be a beautiful and useful monument. This is what the Centennial Commission is plaiming, and. what it will recommend to the Legislature. IS Growth and Achievements of the Law Addisox C. Harris. The l)eginuing, growth ami achievements of tlie iaw in Indiana malve an interesting chapter in the history of onr State. This liistory begins with the capture of Post Vineennes, on Febiiiary 25, 1779, by General George Kogers C'lark. He was a commissioned officer in the militai'y sen'ice of the State of Virginia, commissioned by Patrick Henry, as Governor; and so by the rules of international law, the land he took by his conquest, being all the territory northwest of the Rivei' Ohio, became the property of the State of Virginia. There Ix^ing white inhabitants at Post \"incennes and at a few other points in the territory, it became the duty of the State of Virginia to establish a government for their protection. To this end, the House of Burgesses of ^"irginia shortly after the conquest created all the land northwest of the river Ohio into a distinct county, and the Governor ai)pointed a county lieutenant with authority to organize and maintain a proper force for the maintenance of jieace and order, who at the same time established a coui't of civil and criminal jurisdiction at Post Vineennes composed of several magistrates. Colonel J. M. P. Legreas was made president of the court, which court sat from time to time, and some of its decisions were taken on appeal to the court of last resort in Vir- ginia. After the victoiy at Yorktown, in the treaty of peace between the United States and Great Britain, made on our ]jart by Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay and Henry Laurens at Paris on No- vember .30, 1782, this land northwest of the river Ohio was treated a?- being a part of the State of Virginia. But it was the general sentiment of all the ]ieople at that time that inasmuch as all Americans had been engaged in the common cause against Great Britain, that in equity and good conscience, the fruits of Clark's conquest should belong to the T'nited States itself. The statesmen and people of Virginia acknowledged the justness of this claim. And so on December 20, 1783, the Legislature of Virginia, by an act, directed the representa- tives of that State in the Congress In- proper deed to cede all this land to the United States, and the deed was signed, acknowledged, executed and delivered on the first day of March, 178-1, by Thomas Jetferson, Arthur Lee, James Monroe, and Samuel Hardy, then dele- gates in the Congress from the Commonwealth of Virginia. And tliu^ 1!l tliis land beccune tlii' ])roperty and ])assed under the jiirisdictidn of the Federal Government. On July 13, 1787, the Congress passed an act, cdinnionly known as tlie Ordinance of 1787, for the government of the territoiy of the United States northwest of the river Ohio. This ordinance deehired among other things that slavery should never exist on this soil and that the iidiahitants should be entitled to the benefits of .iurv trial, proportionate representation in the Legislature, and that "reiigion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the Governor Jennings, the first Governor of Indiana happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall for- ever be encouraged." It was also declared in the ordinance that the territory should as the ijopulation increased be in time divided into tive States and admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original thirteen States in all respects whatever, and each State when created should be at liberty to form a permanent constitution and State government, and secure to the peo]>le of the several States the funda- n:ental rights of liberty, religion and education, pledged in the ordi- nance. On May 7, 1800, all that ])art of the land Iviug west of the now :ji state of Ohio was hv Congress constituted a separate territory under the name of the Indiana Territory. A territorial govermnent was (iiganized on July 4 of that year. General William Heniy Harrison T\'as appointed Governor. The seat of the territorial govennnent was fixed at Saint Vineennes, and a territorial legislature and a territorial court were at once organized. The house in which the legislature and court sat is still in existence in Vincennes. In the year 1813 the seat of the territorial government was removed to Corydon. On Ai)ril 1!», ISKi, the Congress passed an act to enable the ]ieople of Indiana Territory to form a constitution and State government, and for admission into the Tnion, and authorized the election by the ]ieo]ile, of representatives or delegates to meet at Corydon and then foim a constitution and State government, and declaring that when formed such goveinment shall be republican and not repugnant to the fundamental articles of the Ordinance of 1787. A constitutional con- vention accordingly met on June 10, 181(5, at Corydon and adopted and estalilished a State constitution and form of goveniment. Jona- than Jennings was president of the convention and the first Governor (if Indiana. The Supreme Court asseml)led at Corydon on May 5, 1S17. Shortly afterwards Governor Jennings ajijiointed Isaac Black- ford to the su])reme bench, which position he held as the leading mem- lici- of that tribunal for more than thirty-five years, and until by the adoption of the i)resent constitution of the State (which was but a series of amendments to the old constitution of ISlfi) the Sui)renie Court judges ceased to be appointive and became elective. More than fifty judges have sat upon the supreme bench of the State during its first century, and many are kjiowai throughout the Nation for their learning and ability. The court from the l)eginning had official re- ]ioi-ters, among which n)ay be mentioned Alliert (i. Porter, Benjamin Harrison and John W. Kern. The rights of the State were repre- sented in this great court by attorney-generals, among which may be mentioned Joseph E. McDonald, Oscar B. Hord, and William A. Ketcham. The first Legislature after the adoption of the present con- stitution contained many of the leading lawyers of that period. They revised and reenacted the laws of the State. They abolished tiie old forms of practice in the courts, and adopted the sinijiler methods pi'o- vided by the code wliiih was in fact written liy Lucien i^. Barbour, a leading membei' of the Indiana liar. Another great reform enacted by that Legislature was the statute greatly enlarging the rights of married women, which measure was championed by Richard D. Ovren. 23 A few yeai's ago a great stej) was taken in the administration of ei'iminal law by the adoption of the indeterminate sentence of crim- inals to prison. It is not necessary to name the many I'nrward steps made by the Legislature and the courts of this State throughout the past century towaixls the better form of government. This would require a full chapter in the history of the State. It is l)elieved that the growth and (h'\<'l(>)ini('iit of the legis- lative and judicial dei»artments of the State gov(n'nment could be shown by gathering together in a museum or de]>artment the portraits of the great men of the eai'ly times engaged in hiyino- the foundations of our State government, among which may be men- tioned General (ieorge Rogers (Mai'k, Thomas Jefferson, Governor .Jeimings, and others; and portraits of all the judges of the Suprenu' Court, headed by Judge Blackford, together with the i-eportei's an 1 attorney-generals of the State and men who have distinguished them- selves in the Legislature from year to yeai- in the enactment of good laws. There to lie gathered together, also ])ictures of the first asseml)l\ building as it still exists in Vincennes; the State House at Corydon, with the historic elm under which the cimstitutional convention sat; the first court house in Indianajiolis in which the Supreme Court also sat after the removal of the capitol to this city and before the com- pletion of the old State House; the tii'st State House and Supreme Court building in this city occujjied foi- twenty years and the new State House in which the Legislature and courts now sit; together v>ith ))ictures of the county court houses of the early ])eriod, followed liy a. display of the court houses in the several counties of the State at the ]iresent time. Fn such museum would also he accumulated many historical documents connected with the history of the State, letters, autographs and ]iortraits of the judges and others, including those of laT\yers who, assisting in the administration of justice, elevated and made the bar of Indiana er|iml to that of any other State in the Union. Religion Francis H. Gavisk and M. L. Haines. Tlie coming- State Centennial sliould give an opportunity for pres- ■eiitatious of tlie history of the religious life of the people of Indiana of S])ecial interest and value. Religion in its various forms of manifestation has been the power more potent than any other to mould and inspire the lives of our citi- zens to higlier issues. Little Cedar Baptibt Church, near BrookviUe. Indiana. Begun in 1810, completed in 1812. The earthquake of 1811 came near to causing abandonment of the undertak- ing. After long fasting and prayer, work was resumed and the building completed in 1812 Tlie record of the progress of the various churches and religious societies of the counnonwealth could he set forth in a series of charts and pictures, each denomination furnishing its own. Along with these there should be pro\'ided in a loan exhibition such historic-al mementoes — jjortraits, books, relics — as would be vivid reminders of the religious life of jiast years. A number of the events of imjiortance in the histoiy of the churches could be set forth in historical pageants and tableaux in a m manner similar to thai in whit'li tlie work of \yorld missions has been ] resented by the churclies in London, Boston and Cincinnati. Illnstrated lectures and addresses on the early struggles and various lines of advance of the different religious denominations should have a place on the program. The story of the coming of the heroic Catholic priests and of the devoted Protestant missionaries to the Indian tribes of our territory; the struggles of the scattered pioneer churches in the new settlements : the ex]>eriences of "circuit rider" days; the coming of the Friends to eastern Indiana and what that settlement has meant to the upbuilding of the State, these and many other forms of religious and church life, ]iotent in their influences, should be presented. There should be included also in these exhibits the institutions, educational and philanthropic, that have come directly out of the re- ligious life of the ]ieople. This means that the private schools and seminaries, and the col- leges founded and maintained by the religious denominations should be classified with the churches as expressions of their life. So the hosjutals, and orphanages, and "homes," and other iusti- tutons for the sick and the needy, should not l)e left out when the works of mercy which religion has wrought are presented. This is but a bi'ief outline of what should be done. When the char- acter of the observances of that celebration are more definitely deter- mined upon then plans that will fit in with all the other exhibits can be ju'esented more fully in regai'd to the religious exhil)its and observ- ances. X in a St. Mar>-'s Catholic Church, Indianapolis Indiana History and Its Celebration James A. Woodburn. The Indiana Centemiial should keep in view two aspects in eom- memoration of Indiana history. I. It should 1ie tlie ooeasion and tlie means of i)i'omoting the stvidy, eollection and ])ieservation of materials for tlic history of In- diana. II. It should ])roduee a worthy jmhlic celehration and commemo- ration of the historic past of the State. The first of these ends will relate to what is of the more ]>ermn- nent and enduring- value, the hitter to the moi-e iniiiieiliate, iio|iular, and spectacular side of the centennial cele))ration. jjet us speai< tirst of the second as^ject of the centennial year. I. While a material and sjiectamilar celebration of a hundred years of the State's histoiy will be fleeting and will pass away with the jubilee exercises of tlie year, >'ef its influence may be abiding for years to come. Tliis aspect of the celebration is of iniporlanrc, and much care and attention may wisely be devoted to if. if may he made an expression of noble devotion to the State, of a worthy public spirit and a fine patriotism which may lieget in the rising generation a deeper love for Indiana, and a more infellig-ent appreciation of her achievements, while to the generation that is passing from the stage of action there may be given much joy and satisfaction in having been a part of a worthy ]iast. Let us portray in pageantry a hundred years of Indiana history before the people of the State. This can be done i»y (A) A grand spectacular jjiocession through the streets of the capital city, illustrating many interesting and varied aspects of our history. We would suggest a visual illustration and a representation, by means of foots or a series of iahh'ait.r, of the following: T. Ptoxeee Life. 1. An Indian Group, The AVigwam, showing the induslry and domestic life of the Indians. The descendants of Indiana Indians may be obtained. 2. The Life of the Pioneer Trai)i)er ami Wood Ranger, the Coiirnirs 'i-(niiKl Knilway. L'. Liiifolii Sjeakiiig at Indianapolis r;/ i-oiiti^ to Washing- Ion. ;>. Gov. Morton ofTering- Trooijs to Lincoln for the Union. 4. Uov. Moi-ton Commissioning Union Oilficers, Lew Wal- lace, et al. Union Soldiers Ijeaving for the Front. (!. The Women at Home in War Times. Ai-rival of News from the Front. The Boys Coming Back from the Wai-. Indiana's Kecord in the Civil War; Roster — Numlier En- listed, Dead, Wounded, etc. Tableaux of Arms. IV. Fjater Industrtal and ^Iaterial Development. L Mining. 2. Agriculture. o. uMannfacturing. 4. Transportation. \". A Series of Tableaux. Seitixg Forth the Life of the State IN (a) Literature. (b) Art. (c) Science. (d) Education. (e) Human Welfare. These are tentative suggestions. Other features will be thought of and the details and the execu- tion of the spectacle can l)e wrought out l>y care and thought on the ])art of those who are competent and skilled in tlie art of exhibition. (B) In addition to the s])ectacular procession we could have a play, or a series of talileaux in a fixed ])lace with repeated perform- ances during the centennial celebration. They should be designed to illustrate scenes, incidents, and characters in Indiana life. Men like Mr. McCutcheon could supply a series of popular cartoons to ])icture to us the past, and, no doubt, men of the standing of Mr. Meredith Xicholson, Mr. Booth Tarkington. 'S\v. Charles ^lajor, and Mr. George Ade, would lend theii- literary and dramatic art to promote a suitable memorial celebration in honor of the State. The best mind and talent of Indiana can be brought to the sei'vnce of such a worthy enterju'ise. A good basis for such a diamatic ]iresentation might l)e found in Mr. ^FcKnight's woi-k. "Indiana. .\ Diania nf Progress." c a ■5 o S •*• o a p o II. lUit what we do for Liidiiuia liistory should not i:ass with the day or the year of the ce]e)>rati(ni. The centennial sliould produce a more abiding result. It must leave us richer in historical materials, in the soui-ees from which the history of the State may i)e written, and in crcMlitahle accounts of that history. The occasion should lead the State to do more for the jiresen'ation of materials for her history, and to iiromote the collection, editing, and pulilication of materials that will have a value to the State for the centuries to come. The State should make suitable ]>rovisions for fostering aii ImlhuKt Historical Surrci/, such as is already liegun in Indiana T'ni versify. The sun-ey should keep in view certain definite ends: 1. The preparation and publication of a coiitplcie hibUotjraphi/ of IiuUdiKi Histori/. This should present a list with a brief descrii)tion, of every known work — book, essay, pamphlet, etc. — touching any pei'iod or phase of Indiana history, with a citation as to where the work may be found. This should be supplied to every liluary in the State so that any citi- zen of the State who wishes to know may easily learn what books and sources are available in ]irint on the history of the State. 2. There should be organized and directed effort for the eollec- fion, preservation, and puhlication of Inrliaua historical material. There should be a well-sustained agency constantly at work for the attainment of this end. The materials that are being wasted and lost should he saved and collected, placed in the proper libraries for safe keeping, catalogued and arranged for the use of students and writers. Pamjihlets, books, let- ters, dociunents, newspaper files, journals of travel, diaries, etc., all sucli materials should be saved from being lost or destroyed or carried away from the State. Indiana, from lack of provision and of proper ])ublic concern, l;as been remiss in this respect in the past. The people of the State should be encouraged to save these materials of their history and to place them where tiiey can be safe-giuirded ami 1)e made most easily available for use. 3. In the third place the State should encoui-age and sustain the pul)lication of a scries of monographs on Indiana histoiy. Such monogra]ihs might not be profitable in the book-trade, though they may be of the highest value. They should show the result of a care- ful and scientific study of our histoiy. They can be undertaken and worthily produced only by men or women who have been suitably ti'ained for such work or wlio have a facultv foi- historical research. o 0. X 'o ■a c 3 1/3 a CO D. CD s 'I'iit'ir rt'Jil value will l)t' in exact i^'oportioii as they are the products of serious, scholarly, ])aiiistaking, and scientific study. No conunercial enterprise will produce the results ilesired. The centenuial year will likely hrijig forth for sale to the public a batch of mushroom wiitings called Histories of Indiana. They will generally lie the ]iroducts of a few months or of a single season's hurried work, based on inade- fiuate materials, and generally prepared by persons who have few (;uaiitications foi- writing history. Such publications will add nothing to our real knowledge of the history of the State. Their prime pur- ]iose will be to make money for their publishers and authors. Manv of them will lie carelessly prepared, erroneous and misleading, deal- ing with unauthentic and fanciful stories and exaggerated myths. To ( (umteiact such misinformed and misinforming work, it seems emi- nently desirable that the State should undertake the publication of a seiies of historical collections, comparable to those of Massachusetts, New York, Michigan, etc., and such as Illinois is now carrying out in a notable way. If the centeimial can bring tc^ iiass such a desir- able and lasting result, it will be a cause for praise and gratitude by the gencations that are to come. Literature Meeedith Nicholson. T bave been asked to give an opinion as to the best manner in wbieb the litei-avy acbievements of Indiana might be recognized in the proposed centennial celebration. Tn snch a matter many views Edward Eggleston, Author of the Hoosier Schoolmaster are possible, and it sbonld be understood tliat I make tliese sugges- tions only because they have been asked through the courtesy of the committee having the plans in preparation, and with no feeling that they are tinal at any jidint. 38 House in which Edward Eggleston was born. Vevay, Indiana Author of Ben Hur It occiir> to iiic tli;it a pageant would iiialce po.sfsihie an expression of the life and growth of tlie State that would s|)eak at onee for the pictorial arts, for the drama, and for literature as well ; and that, wisely conceived and generously executed, such an item of the pro- gram would make a very wide ajjpeal. In England the i>agcaiit has in recent years heen carried i'ai' and with distinguished success; and only last summer, in Detroit, an historical pageant was presented that attracted many thousands of visitors to that city. The successful pageant is not turned out lightly in a day, hut requires long and in- telligent study; like an ogg it must be good or it is had; there is no middle ground; and a good pageant costs money. There are in the universities and colleges of Indiana men and women (piite cajiable of putting through a pageant of the first order. Miss Charity Dye. for many years in the English Department of Shortridge High School, at Indianapolis, arranged a number of successful pageants, I believe. and she ])ossesses a great deal of information on the subject, lioth historical and practical. I should think it would be wholly pos sible to arrange a single pageant, or a succession of pageants, expres- sive of Hoosier progress, with the aid of the teaching staffs of the col- leges; and the students of our colleges and high schools would be ob- viously the material from which to draw the active i)artici]iants. Probably in no other way could so many lines be brought together and harmonized — educational, historical, literary and artistic. At tlie time the pro])Osed State l^ibrary and Museum is oi^ened it Avould be well to set apart a division for the preservation of Indiana literature. The i)resent lil)rary has no such department. Recent In- diana fiction is placed in circulation for the use of emi)loyes of the State House and many of the books are badly worn. There is no space in the present library for the maintenance of an Indiana division; but in my judgment all the books of Indiana writers that have any value, particularly those that are interpretative in any degree of the Hoosier people, should be carefully lU'cserved. It can not be pretended that every book written by an Indianian is entitled to such a place. There has been a disposition to claim as Indiana writers men like Joaquin Miller and the late John Hay who, while born within the State's bor- ders, and writers we should be proud to include in our pantheon, were never in any way identified with the State. The line must he drawn somewhere, and both judgment and courage are reipiired in estab- lishing it. Xo one could be better lished Init "confusion and ruin." School legislation under the constitution of 1851 was an early consideration, and in 1852 and 1873 definite and permanent steps were taken toward the establisliment of free public schools, and today In- diana ranks second to no State in the Union in her system of com- mon schools. 4.") In tlie workins;- out of this ]nil>lir school system iiiaii\' iiiipurtant factors and lines of study have develoiieil that are possible of material representation for th:» purpose of a centennial ohservance. The school building in its evolution from the little one-rocnn log schoolhouse to the capacious modern edifice may be shown by actual buildings in miniature and by pictures. School furniture and general equipment in tliiir niarx'clons de- velo})ment, iVom the wooden bench and rongli table to the n]i-to-date steel furniture and adjustable seats with convenient and sanitary desks, may be made an instructive collection. Here, too, will appear the old water-bucket and common gourd or dipper by the side of the automatic sanitary drinking fountains of today, while glolies, nni]i<, charts, and numerous other helpful devices may be added. An interior of the old log building with its l)are walls, puncheon floors, poor light and ventilation may be shown in contrast to the / i 8 ^3 The little red school building was the successor of the log schoolhouse. Picture of the schoolhouse at Kyle, Indiana beautiful, well-lighted, heated and ventilated modern building, with its pictures, statuary, pilants, and many other attractive and useful features. The old ])rinier with its sim])le rhymes and crude pictures will find a ))la('e near the ])ictures cards, letter cards, number cards, care- fully planned charts, and other materials for the primary instruction of today. Text-books in all subjects may be obtained and a valuable ex- hibit made that will show the great improvement not only in suliject- matter, but in kiiul and character of books. The changes in ]iaper, pirint, illustrations and titles will be apparent. Modifications in ideas and methods of discijiline will be in evi- dence, where the ferule, emphasizing the "don't" side of discipline is in strange contrast to the modem basement jilay rooms, nuiterials for games, playground aiii)aratns, and gymnasiums. 46 CO be X ■a U D. 'S i/i C o o X Tlie old stove, roasting the pupils seated near it and allowing those farther away to freeze, may be displayed ^^^th the modern heat- ing and ventilating plants meeting all the sanitaiy requirements of evenly distributed heat and i)ure air. The transportation wagon, a symbol of the consolidated school, can be shown. Schoolroom interiors of manual training and domestic science departments may l)e fashioned, and the ob.iects made in these depart- ments in the schools shown, while l)y jiictures or othei'wise com club contests, poultry and horse judging contests and other agricultural study may be represented. Pictures can be procured not only illustrative of many lines of de- velo))ment, but to show the individuals who have been most active, in times past and present, in shaping the affairs of the school. In collecting, selecting, and arranging these materials, no doubt. other schemes for showing the growth of the common schools in Tn- diaria will suggest themselves. ( )f course the facts of school legislation, the accreditment of training schools for teachers, the classification of high schools, the origin and maintenance of young peojjle's and teachers' leading circles and countless other valuable educational movements in the State can- not be shown in any ob.jective way. 41) s Collegiate Education in Indiana Wm. Lowe Bryan. I. Books. 1. Books and other i)ublications giving contributions of In- diana college and university men of learning. 2. Books and other imblieations giving contributions of In- diana college and university men to general literature. 3. Books, bulletins, catalogues, etc., about the Indiana col- leges and universities. II. Charts. 1. Charts showing the development of the curricula of studies in Indiana colleges and universities, including all jirofessional schools. The curi'iculum is the consti- tution of a college. 2. Charts showing from what States and countries and from what educational institutions the members of the fac- ulties of Indiana colleges and universities have come. These will show from m hat sources our educational in- fluences have come at different periods of our educa- tional history. 3. Charts and maps showing the distribution of our college and university alumni within the State and throughout the country and the world. These will show tlie range of influence in our educational institutions. 4. Charts showing the occupations of alumni at different periods of our history. These will show the influence of oui' educational institutions upon economic and social life. 5. Charts showing enrollment at different periods and the increasing ratio of college enrollment to population. Few social facts are more significant than this increas- ing ratio. 51 III. Pictures. 1. Persons: Loan exhibit of portraits of eminent profess- ors, with large print cards giving brief biographies. 2. Buildings : (a) Pictiires of early buildings. (b) Pictures of present buildings and interiors. 3. Equipment : a and b as for buildings. In this connection also an exhil)it of apparatus. First Buildings of Asbury University, now DePauw IV. Lecttres. A series of lectures adequately illustrated by means of apparatus and pictures, ineludmg moving pictures, setting forth in an attractive way the most important advances in learning between 1816 and 1916. In most fields of learning the advances within that time have ])een of enormous impor- tance. They could be so presented as to be intensely interest- ing. Suppose, for example, an address showing b.y a few striking examples the state of our knowledge in physics in 1816 and then illustrations of the three or four greatest dis- coveries since tliat time. It is true that an indefinitely large series of lectures could be made in tliis way, but also the right men could pick out a few typical things to say and to show. This series could be made one of the most attractive features of the entire celebration. 53 V. Sti'dent Activities. If it is thought best, the student aetivities can be shown in such a way as to add greatly to the entertainment features of the celebration. For example: 1. College plays: Greek, Latin, French, German, Classic. English, Modern. 2. Music, Operas, Choruses, Glee Clubs, etc. 8. Athletic Games. 4. Other Student Clubs and Organizations such as Y. M. C. A. 54 Music Edwaep B. Bikge. Indiana has kept abreast of her sister States in music during the 100 years of lier history*-, the musical foundations laid in the early days having been followed by a remarkable development of choral and instrumental concerts and festivals, while the jjublic high schools and the elementary schools have made very notable progress along these lines during the last twentj'-five years. This rapidly increasing musical activity has not been confined to any cme section of Indiana, but is State wide, as is evidenced by the numerous annual music festivals held in widely separated districts of the commonwealth. ■^ ,tnp Espressivo. *< ^ •« ^- ^~ '^~T-^'^ - p^=^i==f > — "■ Oh, the moon-light's fair to - night a - long the Wa bash, "On the Banks of the Wabash Far Away." by Paul Dressier The proposed centennial celebration of 1916 should recognize to the fullest extent and in as striking a way as possible each of the broad lines of musical activity already mentioned. The most obvious way of doing this would be to organize a great music fest to occupy several days. This festival should bring together in fullest coopera- tion the leaders in music, the singers and instrumentalists of the State. There should be an impressively grand choral concert, combinmg the best singers (to the number of about 1,000) of all the music festi- val societies of the State, and also an orchestral and artist concert of equal significance along the same cooperative and reiiresentative lines. One entire concert should be devoted to public school music. There should also be given opportunity for an address dealing with the history of music in the State of Indiana during the last one hundred veais. .=55 A.s the great luiderlying purpose of the centenuial is au educa- tional awakening throughout the State as to our ])Ower to do things now and also in the future, no time should be lost in so shaping the musical aflairs in the different sections of the State that from now on nil nnisical activities will be a forecast of the ciibninating events of the year i;)l(.i. The first ste]) toward this end should be a i)reliuiinary camjiaign of education in every district as to the purposes and aims of the cen- tennial and ;ni lu-gent invitation should be given everv district to The Noblesville Band. 1850. Led by R. L. Carlin. still living and active at 81 cultivate its musical activities to the utmost with the idea of having representation in the final celebration. As a result of this prelimi- nary campaign musical festivals should s))ring uj) in districts where heretofore such festivals have not \m'u held, and the artistic stand- ards of the existing festivals should by the same means be greatly raised. As the time of the centennial year begins to draw nearer (some time during the year 1914), plans should be made to have the centen- nial music the chief object of musical interest during the year pre- ceding the centennial, and the music should be studied and produced on as large a scale as possible by the musical forces of each district. S6 Finally, after this preliminary waking up, each accredited body of singers and iusti'unientali.sts should be invited to send representa- tives to take i)art in the final cnlniinatiug event. To this great musical fest should be invited the famous singers and other prominent musicians who are native Hoosiers, but who are living in other parts of the country. To sum up, we should — First, have an educational campaigni to awaken interest and arouse ambition. Second, have all musical activities henceforth contributory to the centennial idea. Third, have the centennial music studied and performed by all the various musical bodies of the State. Fourth, a great representative body of musicians from all parts of the State perform the centennial ])rogram. Art FREnEEic Allen Whiting. Tf tlie history of art and its relations to the development of the industries of the State, as well as to its general culture, is to be ade- quately represented at the coming centennial celebration no time sliould be lost in completing the preliminary plans. The proposed State Museum would seem to furnish the natural housing for such aii exhi- bition, and it should be definitely ]ilanned for this end, and the ex- The Herron Art Institute, Indianapolis hibits gatliered foi' the purjiose of installing a })ernuu!ent chrono- logical exhibit. Such an exhibit should include examples which would show the range of work produced by each of the painters, sculptors and other artists who have, since its settlement, done their i»art in giving the State a very definite heritage and tradition in art matters. These works of art should be so arranged as to show the develoji- ment of art in the State, and should fonu part of the permanent col- lection of tlie museum. If for the time of the centennial celebration other exhibits overcrowded the new museum I am sure that the Art Association of Indianapolis, Indiana, can be counted u]ion for th" 58 lieartiest cooperation. In sneli an event the chronological exhibit of paintings, etc., might well be temporarily installed at the John Her ron Art Institute. Such an art exhibit should be based on a thorough study of the liistory of the State, and include examples of the handicraft of the red men who inhal)ited the territory formeiiy. For example, many tine pieces of "Stone Age" craftsmanship have been found within the l^resent borders of the State. It would be well to have the preiiaration of these art exhibits considered in relation to the industries current at the time of their Exhibition of Art Work in Richmond production and to show the part which art has always played in the development of industries; to show also the evolution of such present industries as the autonu)l)ile, from the bicycle, buggy, etc. The building should, of course, be of appropriate character, dig- nified and monumental, and built so far as possible of material pro- cured within the State and by our best artisans. It should represent in itself a monument of the best building our own people can jjroduce after 100 years of statehood guided by the Hoosier spirit. In the building should be some central rotunda or other imi)ortant architectural feature which might well be enriched with mural deco- 59 ■a 3 < o rations by our best local painters. Sucb men as Steele, Forsyth, Bundy, Stark, Adams and ^Hieeler, for instance, would undoubtedly enter with enthusiasm into the spirit of such an undertaking, putting their best effort into the work, which could be done in such a way as to cost a very small amount, while adding a local and appropriate beauty to the building. I would also suggest that arrangements be made with some able artist, as Mr. George Grey Barnard, one of the most virile and original of American sculptors (and having intimate associations with Indiana through the fact that his mother and father are residents of Madison and his sister of Indianapolis), to produce for some a))propriate set- ting at the entrance of the building or within it, a splendid figure or gi'oup to rei)resent, in durable stone or marble, his interpretation of that Hoosier spirit which has given the State its high position and envial)le reputation. Anotliei- artist who might well lie asked to take part in the enri<'hment of the building is Miss Janet Scudder, a sculp- tor of splendid achievement, who was horn and reared iu Terre Haute. Indiana. These arc only tentative suggestions. It is a long task for an able committee to work out the details so that when the building is ready there will be assembled for installation an exhibit which shall visibly and adequately represent to the people of today the past which has aloue made the advantages of the present possible. ci Outline for An Exhibit of Technical Education WiNTHKop E. Stone. Indiana's achievements in technical educatimi will constitute an. interesting and attractive feature of its centennial celebration, particu- larly in connection with the historical and educational exliibits of the State's industrial develoianent. Indiana ranks nintli among the States of the Union in manufae turing and its institutions for technical education stand among the first in their efficiency. While this phase of education did not exist in the earliest days of the State and its development has come \yh.olly in the last fifty years, it has become an important factor in the State's progress and would from its very nature claim a large share in any historical summing up of Indiana's develo})nient. For the pui^^oses of the contemplated exhibit, this sul)ject would be presented under the following heads : (a) Exhibits of illustrative material such as photographs, charts, etc., depicting the buildings, laboratories and classes of the institutions engaged in this field. (b) Exliibits of apparatus, models, machines, drawings, and ]>roducts used in connection with oi- resulting from technical instruc- tion. (c) Exliibits showing actual operations in the laboratories, shops, and classrooms of technical schools. (d) Exhibits of the literature of technical education, text-books, manuals, and publications representing the contrilnitions of teachers and investigators in the held of technology. The State has within its borders two i)i'ominent institutions de- voted to technical education, viz., Purdue University and Rose Poly- technic Institute. Besides these, other higher institutions would con tribute from some deiiartments related to technology. The leading manual training schools at Indiana] )ol is, Richmond, Fort Wayne, Evansville, and elsewhere would show what is being done in second ary education in this field. Doubtless also some of our manufacturing plants could contribute exhibits illustrating their plans for teaching employes for special industrial operations. The Y. M. C. A. classes and night schools would also l»e expected to furnish some material of this kind. C3 The whole exliibit of technical education might be classified under the following groups, in each of which there would be an abundance of material of jjopular and educational interest: 1. Exhil)its illustrating teclmological education in its stricter sense. a. Instruction in shop practice, including pattern making, mold ing. and casting, forging and macliine s]iO]i practice. b. Instniction in mechanical drawing and descriptive geometry c. Tnstniction in civil engineering, including surveying, railway location, municipal engineering (including water supply, sewage dis l)Osal, etc.), masonry and frame stmctures, bridge design, materials testing, hydraulics, road-building, etc. d. Instruction in mechanical engineering, including uuichine de- sign, generation and ti'ansmission of power, steam engineering, rail- way mechanical engineering, gas engineering, heating and ventilation. ('. Instruction in electrical engineering, including engineering design, generation and transmission of electrical power, electrical measurements, electrical railway, telephone, and illuminating engi- neering. /. Instruction in chemical engineering, including technical and manufacturing chemistry, synthetic and analytic manufacturing proc- esses, electro-chemistiy, metallurgy-, etc. g. Instruction in the sciences fimdamental to engineering and technology, viz., chemistry, physics, biology-, mathematics, etc. 2. Exhibits illustrating industrial training, instruction in trade schools, special schools, etc. (I. Special methods, j^rocesses, and classes in connection with any given industry. h. Y. M. C. A. and night classes. 3. Instruction in connection mth transportation. Devices and methods for instruction in railway' operations, signaling, air brake, mechanism, etc. Teclmical ediication more than any other lends itself to exhibition methods on account of dealing with tangible things, materials, iirod- ncts. and lU'ocesses and this department of the State's centennial ex- hibit will, it is believed, be of more than usual interest. An important feature would be the actual operations of laboratories with students and instructors in attendance, testing machinery, conducting experi- ments, making di-a wings, and blueprints, using instruments of yireci- sion, etc., etc., in almost unlimited variety. 65 ^VLi9m^ Gr. I. Christie. [ndiana agriculture should occupy a prominent ijlace in the cen tennial celebration exercises of 1916. While this industiy has been the basis of the progress and the prosperity of Indiana from the begin ning. it is found that agriculture is being recognized more and more by all classes of people. A few of the factors which have brought this condition about are: 1. 2. o o. 4. crops. 5. 6. The rapidly increasing value of land. The extremely high cost of food stutfs. The movement of young peo])le from the countiy to the city. Soil robbing and other wasteful practices resulting in reduced New ideals in education and revised courses for rural schools. The discovery and ])opularizing of facts which mean better and larger crops and a more economical use of same. In the presentation of the subject, attention should be given to the historical, experimental and educational phases of the work. By means of graphic illustrations, moving ]nctures, lectures and demon- strations, everyone, both young and old, should be made to realize the magnitude of agriculture and its development from the earliest days to the present and the future possibilities. 67 What Indiana might do in Apple Production —A. 'W. Brayton, Jr., and A. W Lockhart Soil. — A graphic presentation of the condition of the land of In- diana at the different stages of development during the centuiy; a comparison of the implements used in tilling the soil, seeding the various crops, harvesting and threshing; common methods practiced in depleting soil fertility compared with more modem scientific soil management. Crops. — A presentation of the extent and variety of crops grown in tlie early days and methods of handling and utilizing the same, com- l)ared with those of one-hundred years later. Lift' Stock. — This branch furnishes most interesting and \-aluable material for exhibits and demonstrations. Kinds of live stock, meth- ods of rearing and feeding, marketing and utilization in the early days, compared with the changed conditions of the present. Dairying. — With the increase in population has come an increased demand for dairy products and corresponding changes in the methods employed one-hundred years ago with those of today and a presenta- tion of the various steps taken in the develo])ment. Horticulture. — Fruit growing has occupied an important i)lace in Indiana agriculture from the first. The extent and development of the fruit belt, varieties, cultivation, methods employed in production, marketing, etc. Educational Agencies. — In the early days of Indiana agriculture, fanners gained their information largely from the field of hard, and many times, costly experience. Today, they are given an opportunity to leani and benefit by the experience of others and to gain informa tion from scientific research. To portray the steps of developmcTit along these lines will be of great interest and value. The State School of Agricidture. — A presentation of the work al; different stages in its develo])ment and the methods emploj^ed in in- struction. The State E.rperiinent Station. — A display of the work of this institution covering twenty-five years ; the results of many discoveries relating to farm problems and the extensive system employed to reach and assist all farmers. Tlie Extension Department. — Demonstrations in the use of the educational train; the farmers' moval)le school; the farmers' insti- tute; contests; the county and State fair exhibits and other methods employed now as compared with the old methods of projecting infor- mation or reaching the fanner in his home. The Rural School. — The development of the course of study and the place agriculture occupies in the rural school instiniction, compared with that of the early days. Giant White Oak. A lone monarch of Indiana's primeval forests Forestry Stanley rntTi^TER. In any oliservation of tlie admission of Indiana to the Union, forestry should have an ade<|uate representation. The relation of forestry to progress of the State lias ))een and is so evident as to need no argument. There should be exhibited in an edneative and striking way — First. What we originally had. Second. What we now have. Third. What we might have. Witliout going into speeifie details, under the first head should he shown maps showing the distribution of the original forests of the State, tlie density of the stand, oom]iosi1ion of the stand, size of indi- vidual trees, etc. The progressive clearing of the hind for agricultural purposes. This would make a desirable series representing the condition of the forests by decades. The distribution of this material including the log house, the rail fence, log roll, the rise and fall of wood-working industries. A collection of tlie important economic woods of the State to- gether with photographs of the typical species. "Cut" of Indiana forests for successive decades. Under the second head there slunild be shown maps giving- the distribution of the present forests, the density and comjiosition of the stand, the average size of the individual trees. The distinction between wood lots and wood ]>astures should be demonstrated with a series of illustrations representing good and bad conditions. The higliway and street trees should also be presented in this connection showing tlieir scantness in number, their poor selection, their defective spacing, lack of jirotection, liad treatment, etc. Under the third liead methods for reenforcing existing stands, the formation of new plantations, cleanings and thinnings, protection against fire, insects, fungous diseases, etc., selection of species for reenforcing, for forming new forests and for streets and highways. n This, in a very broad statement, indicates what the purpose should be. Details could be extended almost indefinitely and we are convinced that a definite treatment under the three main heads indicated at tirst would be not only highly attractive but also of educational value. A Rocky Mountain Forest. Rugged and beautiful, but monotonous in the sameness of the trees. Compare this with An Indiana \A^oods. Note the variety of foliage and charming artistic beauty 72 Public Health J. N. HUETY. To help forward the public health cause the Indiana Ceutemiial Celebration would offer many excellent opjiortunities. That the pub- lic health needs to be bettered appears when we remember our sick rate is at least 50 per cent, higiier than it should be, and lowers the public efficiency to an equal degree. To this subnonual efficiency, due to preventable sickness, may in great degree be ascribed the reason why tliat in tbe last fifty years there has not been an increase in the acreage yield of our farming lands. Much sickness is not conducive to ]n-(Mluctiveness. HEALTH EXHIBITS. In the centennial celebration, public health exhibits could l)e made which would exercise a powerful influence for strengthening of the people. By succinct and lucid tables, by gra]ihic charts, drawings and pictures, could be shown the present birth, death and sickness rates, and by comjjarison with the normal rates or rates of other peoples, we could be made to apj)reciate our position and thus excite efforts for bettennent. An exhibit could be arranged to illustrate plainly what the science of hygiene actually is and what it can do to increase strength, wealth and ha])piness. Miinsterburg has said "hygiene can prevent more crime than any law," and this certainly being true, the people would learn from the hygiene exhibit that sole reliance should not rest upon the law and the courts to pi'event crime. They would also learn that "health is wealth" and also the greatest source of happiness. Prei-entable Diseases, from whence they come and how they may be pi-evented, would occupy a good proportion of the exhibit. The im- portance of i)reventing preventable diseases appears when it is known that they kill 1,000 persons monthly in Indiana and cause 10,000 cases of sickness. The annual cost to the people of the State is fully $15,000,000. Even the juost uninformed could imagine an exhibit showing the loss in money, lives and strength, from dijihtheria an- nually. This would be followed by charts, diagrams, pictures and mottoes clearly illustratiug from whence the terror comes and how it can be ]irevented. The same could be done with scarlet fever, ty]ihoid 7.3 fever, infantile jiaralysis, pneumonia, ('(iiisuiuptidn ami the wliolc list of preventable diseases. PuKER Streams. — The streams are not for the imrpose of being made into sewers. They are intended to cany health, Ijeanty and re- freshment throughout tlic land, in many instances the peojjle of In- diana seem to have believed streams were made to be polluted. It is highly essential to our future welfare that the streams slu)ulil be kept pure and reclaimed where they have been abused. It would be imjiortant, therefore, to exhibit majis of tlie streams and water sources of the State, sliow charts of surveys of the same. :-.-' ■■'■ ^ , " ■''■^;9 Indiana Tuberculosis Hospital, Rockville give their sanitary condition, give analyses and statistics as to sewage and industrial wastes cast into them. Also, to sliow by photograjjlis tlie l)eauty and material wealth of pure streams and the ugliness and hann done by pollution. Such an exhibit could not fail to pay its costs many times in wholesome and much needed lessons to us all. The sanitary surveys already made by the State Board of Health of the west fork of White River, of the Wabash River, and of the Ohio River, would, if ))ublicly presented in exhibit as above set forth, be of inestimable value to our State. Hygiene of Municipalities. — Indiana, municipalities need to learn much more of the jn'ofits to be derived from hygiene. An exliibit of 74 hygienic and unhygienic conditions of cities and toTvns would be most profitable and calculated to arouse interest in good munici])al house- keeping. To have our municipal hygienic faults, which i-esnlt in great losses, made clear to us, could not help but start us on the way to health betterment in cities and towns. To make an exhibit at once instructive and stimulating, tables of statistics of the death and sick rates of cities could be prepared; these Sanitary survey should be made of many beautiful Indiana streams for the purpose of protecting and keeping them pure, as a source of water supply for the people figures could be made i)lain by diagrammatic and graphic charts; photographs of good and bad conditions would be placed side by side for their contrast etfect, illustrations and descriptions of sewers and sewage disposal with cost and statistics of efificiency, also full informa tion of water supplies and water works coixld be presented. Paving, parks, public playgrounds and all municipal undertakings for the betterment of living could be illustrated and otherwise exliibited. School Hygiene. — There is no more important governmental matter needing attention than school hygiene. Raise the children in physical health and the matter of intellectual and moral development will in large degree be solved. Realizing this fact our State has enacted school hygiene laws and imder them within two years, new sanitary school houses exceeding three and a half million dollars in value have been built. This great advance in the care of our children could be illustrated most advantageously in a centennial exhibit. A school hygiene exhibit would consist of models and pictures of sanitary school houses; models and illustrations of ventilation and warming methods ; plans and pictures of sewage disposal, of water supiilies, of sanitary drinking fountains, of sanitary clothes lockers, of sanitary furniture and adjustable desks, of baths, jilaygrounds and of sanitary methods of sweeping and cleaning. Lectures and Pamphlets. — Facilities for giving illustrated lec- tures, would, of course, be provided. These lectures would cover all phases of hygiene and teaching of public liealth and preventive medi- cine. Such lectures, illustrated with still slides and moviug pictures would not only instruct bi:t would also greatly entertain all \'isitors. The celebration and the exhibits would fui-nish excellent opportimities to disti-ibute health ))am))hlets to visitors and thus further spread the gospel of good health. Finally. — 1 am heartily and enthusiastically in favor of having a ceuteiunal celebration. It could not fail of instructing the people in ways patriotic and material, in arousing a deeper patriotism and furthering a higher citizenship, in supplying a wholesome and needed public entertainment and establish a moniunent marking progress and achievements in the first hundred years of our State's existence. 7(5 Outline for Proposed Athletic Events T. F. MoRAN AND Hugh Nicol. lu connection with the various historical and educational exhibits with which it is proposed to celebrate the one-hundredth anniversary of the admission of the State of Indiana to the Union, it will be im- portant to present the development of those legitimate means of rec- reation and amusement wliich have found favor with the people of the State. Prominent among these will be athletic sports and contests. While the development of athletics in the modern sense is eoinci dent with the last decades of the centuiy, it must not be overlooked that the early pioneers and settlers had many luiique and interesting foiins of athletic sports. To revive these and present them at the celebration will be of more than usual interest to our citizens. The implements of sjiort, the games themselves, and all that will bring to the minds of our present daj- citizens these old-time sports and con- tests will be both recreative and educational as well as having impor- tant historical bearing. Tt is proposed, therefore, to secure all possible information as to these old-time games and provide ways and means for their actual projection before the spectators at the time of the cele- bration. Another phase of the same subject will be to an-ange for a series of athletic exhibits and contests exemplifying the most modern de- velopment in this field and in which Indiana men and institntions have achieved no small reputation. 77 There sliould l)e, perliaps, some attention given to ])rofessiouaI sport as the development in professional baseball games, bnt for the most part these contests sliould be in accordance with amntenr stand- ards and rules. We should have a variety of classes, in some of which the higher institutions of learning would i>articipate, in others the secondary schools, in others organizations and institutions such as the Young- Men's Christian Associations, in others amateur clubs and teams rep- resenting communities or organizations such as the Tnrnverein, ath- letic clubs, etc. Public Play Ground, Recreation Department, Indianapolis Health Board Wiile to the student these exhibits would present iiiucli of intei-- est, at the same time, tliey would serve for those recreational features which fonu so imjiortant a ]iart of any public exposition. These games might extend over a considerable portion of the sum- mer season or a week oi- two might be set aside during which time these would fonn distinctive features of the celebration. Following is an outline of athletic contests which are suggested. Some of these contests to be restricted to certain classes of athletes, others to be open to all. In connection with these games prominent "old athletes" who have achieved fame in the athletic world, might be called upon to act iis officials and thus bi'ing an added interest to the assemblage. 1. state "Olympic" meet for high school athletes, with teams organized by eoimties. 2. State baseball tournament for high school teams. 3. Track and field meet for colleges and universities. 4. College baseball tournament. 5. Open meet for all amateurs. 6. Gymnastic meet for colleges. 7. Open gymnastic meet, turners, etc. 8. Open obstacle race. 9. Cross country race, open to all amateurs. 10. Water sports — if possible. 11. Wrestling for college teams. 12. Wrestling open to amateurs. 13. Tug of war — colleges vs. athletic clubs. 14. Bulldog tug. 15. Open tennis tournament. 16. Fencing contests. so Civic Co-ordination and Park Development Henry Jameson. Tlie last decade has seen a tremendous impulse toward the Ijettei arrangement of cities. Prior to that time, outside a few of the great Eastern cities, little or nothing- had been accomplished in the way of bringing into systematic relationship those physical features of a city that are now recognized as constituting the inseparable parts of a city's ])ark system, using that term in the broad sense that includes civac centers and all other nuclei of coimnunity activity. By this is meant such things as the great avenues and highways of a city, its parks, open spaces and playgrounds, and the streams and bodies of water lying in and contiguous to it. There is now an awakening in all of the larger cities to the vital iini)ortance of what we term park development, and under this par- ticular head comes, as suggested before, that part of a city's Iniilding which pertains to its better arrangement and coordination, and not merely to the acquisition of parks. From an economic standpoint, there has heretofore been in our American cities tremendous waste of energy on account of the lack of facilities for direct and convenient intercourse and traffic l)etween the various sections of a city that must be reached in the daily life of the ))eople. This spirit of better growth should receive prominent attention at the forthcoming histoi'icnl and educational celebration of the State's centennial. The movement for better parks and jilaygromids^ coujiled with the consei-\'ation of streams and water fronts in our cities, should be given the im])u]se and stimulation essential to its further develoijment l)y liriuging it clearly and emi)hatically before the great- est possible iiumbei- of ])('o]ile. This, it would seem, might be accom- plished in many ways at an educational exhibition of this chai'acter. One of the methods which might be most etfet'tive in showing the progress toward city jalanning in Indiana would be an exhibition of photographs or pictures illustrating the contrast lietween conditions before imju'ovement took ])lace, and after changes were made undei" the direction of competent landscape aivhitects and engineers. In- asmuch as no great conununity work may be carried forward without the knowledge and intelligent cooperation of the great majority of taxpayers, the various things to be accom]>lished by better ])lnnning, SI -3 C o and by tlie establishment of playgrounds and parks and piotecteil streams, sliould be as lucidly set forth as possible. To this end, there should be relief majis on a large scale, illustrating not only the fpsthetic, but the economic effects, in a physical way, of such develop- ment. To stimulate a widespread interest, that would l)e fai'-reaching in its effect, competitive prizes might be ott'ered to the various cities of the different classes for the best plans offered for civic development. l^lavgTonnds, parks and stream conservation. This should not only Old ^A^ooden Bridge, common in the earlier history of the State create a healthful ri\'alry, but .should go far to bring aliout an awaken ing of the people of the various cities to the fact that such intelligent and systematic develojmient is just as essential and possible in the smaller as in the larger cities. In connection with such an exhibition, there might he shown models of the various playgi'ound developments, with demonstratioii- of what may be done in playground instnictioji. This would be an ex- tremely essential feature, as showing the educational character and ^•alue of a complete scheme of park development. At frequent intervals during the period of the exhibition, ilhn- trated lectures might Ite given liy men pi'ominent in tliis field of human 83 endeavor. Tliese sliould touch all the various phases of the work — its effect ui>on the citizens and its absolute necessity, not only from an economic, but also from an .Tsthetic i^oint of view, helping the masses to recognize the intrinsic value of the things in our everyday life that are fine and beautiful, and wliicli arc more essential to tlie humbler citizen than they are to his wealthy and more prominent neighbor. New Bridge, of Indiana stone and concrete, not only artistic but built to stand until the next centennial celebration in 2016 There are so many different avenues and channels through which, by an exhihitiou of this character, the peojjle could be stimulated and brought to realize the necessity of better envii'onment, particularly in our cities, tliat it could be made one of the most important features of such a splendid enterj^rise as is proposed for our centennial cele- bration. Finally, emphasis should be laid on the fact that the factor of quality sliould come to l)e the great essential in our city growth and should dominate the spirit of progress hereafter, rather than, as has too often been the case heretofoi-e, the idea of (|uantity. 84 Showing conditions before treatment by a City Hark Board Same locality as preceding, after clearing of "dumps" and park development s e « i! ■•5 2 •£ •" •a c o D. O t/5 2 0*-- ^ 'i '-r a^ I «j o .2 C 4) W ™ o ^ Id t- ^ ■ ^ 75 m oor by township overseers and justices of the peace. This was modified Ity the act of 1795, wliich provided also for the establishment of woi'khouses for such poor persons as were able to lal)or. These laws were the beginning of oui' system of outdoor poor relief. In 1852 the townshi]! tnistees were made ex-officio overseers of the ]ioor. 87 In 1895 was the beginning of State snpei-\-ision. That year the town- ship overseers of tlie poor spent $630,168.79 for relief. In 1911 the expenditures for tlie same jjurjiose were $271,078.64. The average expenditure from 1907 to 1911. inchisive, was $259,912.41 per year. State sujiervision had brouglit about an average annual reduction of $348,893 below the i^oor relief of 1895. In 1897 there were 82,235 persons aided from public funds; in 1911, 42,993. The first law regarding dependent children was passed in 1795. This and one ])assed in 1821 lu-ovidcd foi- binding out such children. In 1895 authority was given boards of county conunissioners to sub- sidize private orphanages and in 1881 they were authorized to es- tablish orjihan asylums. In 1889 boards of children's guardians were created and further extended in 1901. By the law of 1897 dependent children were made wards of the State and placed under State super- vision. At the present time there are in effect and active operation laws prohibiting the retention of children between the ages of three and seventeen in comity poor asylums longer than sixty days (1897 and 1901 ) ; regiilating the importation of dependent children from other States (1899); requiring the approval of the Boai'd of State Charities before any child-caring institution or association can be incorporated (1903); providing for the punishment of parents or guardians who wilfully neglect their children or allow them to become dependent (1907) ; making the juvenile court the only agency through which a child can become a public ward (1907) ; and lastly, the annual licensing of all child-caring agencies, public and private, including maternity hospitals, by the Board of State Charities (1909). In 1821 was the first attempt to provide a poor asykmi as author- ized in 1816. The first county asylum was established in Knox County. The first State institution was the Indiana State School for the Deaf, founded in 1844. Next came the State School for the Blind, 1847; then the Central Hospital for the Insane, 1848; the Soldiers' and Sailors' Or])hans' Home, 1867; the School for Feeble-Minded Touth, 1879; the Northern Hospital for Insane, 1888; the Eastern and Southern Hospitals for the Insane, 1890; the State Soldiers' Home, 1896; the Village for Epileptics, 1907; the Southeastern Hos- pital for Insane, 1910; the Hospital for the Treatment of Tuberculosis, 1911. In hei' i)enal and correcticmal institutions Indiana has made progress, though the greater part of it has been brought about since 1897. In the early days the guardhouses in the forts were used as 89 o O O •a 5 o 2 places of deteation. In 1792 the Legislature directed the establish- ment of jails, pillories, stocks and whii>i)ins>- ])osts, all to be under the charge of the sherilTs in the different counties. With two exceptions, each county in the State has a jail. The other forms of punishment were abandoned years ago. The first State jirison was established at .Teffersonville in 1821 ; the oue at Michigan City in 1860. In 1868 the House of Refuge, now the Indiana Boys' School, was opened at Plainfield; in 1873, the Indiana Reformatory Institution for Women and Girls, at Indianai)olis. In 1907 the last named institution was divided. The girls were transferred to new quai-ters at Clermont, called the Indiana Girls' School; the old inistitution was called the Woman 's Prison, and in 1907 there was added to it a correctional de- partment for convicted women who would otliei-wise have had to serve their sentences in the county jails. Both the Woman's Prison and the Girls' School are managed solely by women. In 1897 the prison at Jeifersonville became the Indiaua Reformatory, that at Michigan City tlie Indiana State Prison. There are now seventeen State charitable and correctional insti- tutions. On September 30, 1912, they had 12,448 inmates enrolled and an actual population of 11,410. For the fiscal year 1911-12, they cost the State $2,463,032.53. This was 40.7 per cent, of the State expendi- ture for all puqjoses, which amounted to $6,048,127.07. Measured by the good they do for vmfortunate hmuanity and for the protection of society, and by their expense, they are the State's most important agencies, possibly excepting its schools. It is nearly one hundred years since our forefathers decreed that the penal code of Indiana should be founded upon the principle of reformation and not of vindictive justice but it is only recently that we have interpreted this into law. The keynote of recent legislation has lieen prevention and reformation rather than punishment. Briefly it includes the indeterminate sentence and parole law of 1897; the jail matron law of 1901; juvenile court law of 1903; contributory delin- quency law of 1905; adult probation and sterilization laws of 1907; county jail supervision law of 1909. All these charitable and correctional agencies are mider the su- pervision of the Board of State Charities, created by the Legislature of 1889. Its purpose is the supervision of the whole system of public charities of the State ; its duty, to see that every inmate of every pub- lic institution receives proper care; that the public fimds are properly expended; that the institutions are properly conducted and their management protected from unjust criticism. 92 o Z a < A very interesting and conipi'eliensive exhibit could be made of file charities or ]5hihanthropie activities of Indiana. This would il- lusti'ate the beginning and history, showing the development and ex- ])ansion of all the charitable and correctional activities. It would include charts, laws, statistics, general information, concerning all ])hases of i)ublic charities, from the overseer of the poor and the first county jail to the most recent methods of the treatment of i)auperism. the institutions for the care of the insane and feeble-minded, the modern conception of a State jirison and reformatory. In all this work Fndiann has had a conspicuous place and the ])eople of the State can ])oint with i;ride to the evolution of its institutions, to what has been accomi)lished and to the position they now hold. These exliibits could also include all forms of private or voluntaiy charitable activity, such as the work of hospitals, orphan asylmns, homes for the aged, associated charities, children's aid societies. It would also include all forms of ]n'eventive work, including the work of the Red Cross, anti-tuberculosis, fresh air and pure milk campaigns, the jn'oblems of housing, child labor and playgrounds. All these agencies could be il- lusti-ated by photogra])hs of buildings, grounds, equipment, occupa- tion, recreation and amusements. There could further be an exhibit of the plan and scope of the work of each institution, together with coj^ies of blanks and forms used. There could also be a large exhibit showing the result of the activities of the institutions and agencies, the work in the schools, the ]iroduct of the shops, the outiuit of the uianufactories and all lueans and aiijiliances used in the education, treatment, training, employment and diversions of both State and private institutions. In addition to this there could be a library made up of the reports and publications of the different institutions and or- ganizations, and also a selected library of standard works on each subject illustrated bv the exhibit. k)i Suggestions for the Display of Indiana Min- erals, Fossils, Quarries, Mines, Etc, at the 1916 Celebration Davtk Worth Dennis. Stonk (|)uaeries. — Every species of stone (|u;u-rie(l in tiie State should be represented in the exhiliit by one unfiuished hirge l)loelv, and specimens oi" every tint or quality which the (piarry offers for sale. Finished material of whatever sort should also l)e exhibited: foun- tains, eohnnus, ca]iitals, etc. Laluds on cards hirne enough to be easily An Indiana Quarry. The stone of Indiana quarries is more generally used throughout the United States in the erection of public buildings and other large structures, than that of any other State read from the aisk's should accompany each and every exhibit. These should give the commercial name, the chemical analysis if available, the mineralogical name, the geological formation and locality of each exhibit. A map of Indiana locating Indianajiolis and the line or lines by which shipment of the stone may be made to various parts should be added. A large geological map of the State, unencumbered by un- essential details, should go with the entire exhibit. Photographs should accompany the exhibil showing the mode of i|uarryiug and 05 handling the stone, nntil it is on the oars ready for shipment. Photo graphs of exposed bhrffs of the stone will show its weatliering ijuali- ties. In the ease of bnilding stone, photographs of the tinislied l)iiild ings should accompany the exhibits, together with the date of l)uild- ing the same. Our most valuable building stone <|uarries are in the subcarbon- iferous limestone; striking geological and mineralogioal phenomena accompany this linu^stone everywhere. Skeleton of a Mastodon, Earlham College Museum 1. Caves. — Wyandotte, Marengo and other caves sIk fully illustrated with photographs. The largest stalactitic co the world is in Wyandotte Cave, TOO feet in circmnference ; feet high, on its lower side; the formation was able to grow a 160 years. The label should ask liow old is the cave? Marengo, smaller, is more beautiful. 2. Sink holes are cave accompaniments. Thousands of t cur in southern Indiana. Some of these arc dry, others are I ponds. These should be photographed. ?>. Lost River is the best key to the origin of caves, graph it. )iil(l be liuiiii in ind 17.") foot in thougli hem oc- akes or Phot..- 0(! 4. The Scenic. — The Shades of Death, Devil's Den, Turkey Run, Rocky Hollow, Potroek Hollow, The Narrows of Sugar Creek, etc., be- tween Bloomingdale and Crawfordsville, are extraordinary examples of erosion and should be photographed. They belong to the sub- carboniferous gi'oup. Some of the cave mouths are very striking and beautiful as well as instructive. Oil Fields. — These should be represented by crade and refined products, maps, statistics, etc. Natural Gas. — This should have liistoi'ic notice in the mineralog- ical sections. A Charming Ravine at "The Shades" One of the Bluffs in the Gorge at "The Shades' Mineeal Springs. — These are susceptible of notice by samples of water and mineral deposits, etc. Photogi-aphs of resorts. Lodi springs have considerable sulphur deposits. Coal Mines. — These should be represented as under stone quar- ries. Blocks, maps, labels giving heat units, analyses, extent and thickness of strata, and out]Hit. Clay. — Exhibits of the varieties, uses, wares, tiles, bricks, includ- ing of course kaolin and china. Grindstones and Whetstones. — Same treatment. It is probably known to few Indianians even that the finest quarries for these pur- poses are to be found here thai the world affords. 07 IjImestone for Lime and Lime Kilns. — Same treatment. Proe- esses, labels, statistics, gro\vth of industry. Gravel and Sand. — Same treatment. Samples for roads, for glassmaking, concretes, etc. Statistics. Photographs of sandhills near Lake Michigan are of much interest on account of their effects on for- ests and of forests on them. They are jiow disappearing. Fossils. — Indiana exliibits in regular order on a line from Ricli- mond to Evansville; the several strata of rocks from the lower Silur- ian through the Ordovieian, Devonian, snbcarlioniferous and carbon- iferous to the Pennian. Several localities are famous throughout the world as having the richest of beds of fossils. From Richmond to Madison these are Lower Silurian; at Waldron they are Upper Silur- ian; at Crawfordsville they are subcarboniferous ; at Bloomington and many points south from there geodes in great number and variety are to be found. All these should be as thoroughly represented as the S]>aee will jicrmit. Minerals. — Our species and varieties of minerals should be com- pletely represented; a few of them, as sulfid of iron, are of commer cial importance. Glacial Period. — This covers most of the State; nowhere is il susceptible of finer illustration than in Imlinnn. Its minerals, of course, are of accidental distribution. Our many hundreds of lakes are of glacial origin and constitute a very marked scenic feature; they are in size from twenty miles in circuit to extinct lakes, overgrown, if they had no outlets, by tamarac swamps, if they had, by ordinary de- ciduous forests; our moraines, lakes, swamps, drift hills, etc., should all be illustrated by photographs; the abundant glacial striae, etc., by specimens. Fossil ]\Tammals. — These offer an inviting field. A complete mastodon is in the Earlham museum. Also a Castoroides Ohioensis, the only one in existence. If loans could be arranged for with all the museums of the State, an exhibit could be made that would educate on these subjects in a manner otherwise impossible. OS Stock and Farming Resources Charles Downing. A g-oldeu oi:portunity for exjiloiting Indiana's live stock and farm- ing- resources will come in the centennial year of 1916. While the cities of the State abound in manufacturing- enterprises, the fact re- mains that Indiana is tirst of all in output and wealth immeasurably rich in farming and its allied industries. And the wealth of Indiana akmg- agricultural lines is steadily forging ahead. More grouml is Wi I^L^ i & 54 K Wi WSm P N P W *>^ShB n fEZ-vWCa t^ I^WSbL' 1 n E '!'lSSo 1 ^ 1 ^ '. s^^ k^^^^^^K K c ^K. i n 1 hemg from by ye fann State I fanni 1912 ucts. Indiana-Bred Horses. Interior of Coliseum. Indiana State Fair Grounds bi'ought under cultivation, more bushels to the acre are coming better farming methods, more live stoi-k is being produced year ar, and these factors will for generations to come give Indiana activities a long lead over any other line of industry Avithiu the "nited States Government census returns for 1912 show that ng- is the greatest contributor to the nation's prosperity. In these returns showed the fnnns yielded $9,532,000,000 in ]u-od- First in the list was nniiiial pro-lucts, $3,395,000,000; animals 99 sold, $l,:(30,UU0,O00; then came eoi-n with $l,759,00U,UO0. Indiana has been a heavy contribntor to this great volnine of the coimtiy's wealth. In 1912 the State had 642,848 horses, against 596,834 in 1900. In 1911 the State had 964,768 cattle, a steady growth year by year botli in number and in higher qualities of blood. In 1912 Indiana had 73,351 mules, 783,486 shee]) and 1,960,700 hogs. In 1911 Indiana had 16,955,364 fowls in its poultry flocks, which produced 69,446,498 dozen eggs. The above tigures are quoted as evidence that Indiana has im- measiira1»h' resources to draw ii]ion for a centennial exposition. it ik'. 3E*^Sa««r«-" Model Dairy Barn, Acton. Indiana. Otto R. Lieber It has been suggested that the Indiana State Board of Agriculture offer the following plan for celebrating the centennial with a great exposition of tlie State's farming resources along these lines: That the usual Indiana State Fair in 1916 be abandoned. That the Indiana State Fair grounds be turned over rent free to a commission to be named by the Legislature, or some other authority, or, if thought desirable, that the exposition of live stock and farm jjroducts be placed under the charge of the State Board of Agricul- ture because of its experience in this direction. 100 That in general character the centennial exposition of stock and farming resonrces be a modified form of the Indiana State Fair, spread over a ]ieiiod of weeks, as follows: First Week — Exposition of Horses and Mules. Second "Week — Ex]>()sitioii of Beef and Daii-v Cattle, and Dairy products. Third Week — Exposition of Sheep and Swine. Fourth Week — Exposition of Poultry, Fruits, Field and Garden products, ^Nlannfactnred and Home-made Pure Food products. Indiana Guernsey Herd. Prize-winning cow. Otto R. Lieber. Acton. Indiana During the entire period of the exposition that dis])lays of ma- chinery, automobiles, arts and crafts, oils, coal, stone, woods, brick and other Indiana building material be given. That through the exposition period eminent authorities on farm- ing sul)jects give educational lectures and addresses; that band con- certs an 1 other wholesome entertainment be jn-ovided. The exposition as outlined would be of immense educational value not only to the people of the farms, but to those of the city, who are practically unacquainted with the fanning and natural resources of their State, and to visitors who would attend from other States. 101 The exposition would also be an inspiration to Indiana people to strive for still s^reater accomplishment in developing the State's re- sources, in improving the blood of herds and flocks, in obtaining larger and better yields from farm lands. The Indiana State Fair has ample ground room, transportation facilities and other e(|ui)mient for such an exposition. But to give these dis])lays on adequate scale two oi- three additional buildings would be necessary — a cattle barn, a l)uilding for manufactui'ed products, a ])oultry house. These buildings would have to be provided for out of appropria- tions by the Legislature, as the State Board of Agriculture does not have sufficient financial resources upon which to draw for the puriDoso. These additional buildings should lie of ]H'nnanent character so that they could in years to come be utilized for State Fair pur|ioses. Should this or a similar exposition ])lan be adopted and the needed buildings erected, the State could reimburse itself for its out- lay of money by charging the usual State Fair admission and exliib- itors' entry fees, the ])rofits above tlie ex])osition's cost and operating exiienses to go back into tlie State treasuiy. This I'lan for a Centennial exposition would accomplish at least four important results: It would exjiloit the State's resources on a great and comprehensive scale; it would enable the State to commem- orate its one hundredth anniversary at moderate, if any, cost; it woidd give the Indiana State Fail" some ))uildings greatly needed if it is in years to come to measure up to the purposes for which the Legislature created it in 1851 : it would set the State before the American peo])le as a (■ommoiiwealth of culture, ]n'0gress and wealth. KC Manufactures, Commerce and Trade Edwaed a. Rx.'mely. A centennial exposition for the State of Indiana is especially de- sirable ;'.t this time, and if carried through with emphasis sufficient to reach every citizen in the State, it would help us to hind together our State i)opulation and strengthen the feeling of unity and common membership in oui- political organization centralized at Indianapolis. No group can work etfectively tog(41ier unless its constituent units feel themselves strongly as meml)ers of the same body. Indiana lacks a feeling of unity because the settlement of the State did not focus and radiate from a common center. Our transportation systems run east and west and have divided the State into units that belong to different centers: in the north, Chi- cago; in tlie south and west, St. Louis; in the east, Cincinnati. The fact that we have no single newspaper reaching all the ])arts of the State, alile to unify public opinion upon those issues with which our people must deal as a political unit, is a ])roof of this lack of common center. A centennial exhiliit will bring before our eyes a picture of our development up to the ]ij-esent time and it will help give a feeling of unity; also a retrospect showing the continuity of growth up to the present v\-ill lead the thought of the people to the things we are to achieve for ourselves, for our State, and for our Nation. Standards consciously set and recognized are more easily acliieved. An ex])Osition in Indiana ought to be particularly successful, for Indiana is, in a way, a focus point for the entire Nation. Geographic- ally its location is central to the United States. The lines of settle- ment have gone from the (^ast to the west and practically the entire stream of immigration for the Mississippi Valley and the country be- yond has passed through this State. The transportation of goods is still pred(miinatingiy east and west, going through Indiana. The center of population foi- the whole United States has been within the limits of the State of Indiana since 1890. It is now located at a jjoint within eighty miles of Indianapolis. It will always be easier to lirini;- to<>-ether all the citizens of the country at the center of population than in any other place. In ))oint of economic devel()])iiient, Indiana is typical of the Nation. It began in the luoncr days, one hundred years ago, in the 108 I Loaned by A . E. I.cavitt, Harriman. Tennessee Tunnel Mill, near Vernon, Indiana, erected about 1830. Operated at first by huge overshot wheel, later by turbine. One of the finest of its kind in the early days. Flour was shipped from it by water to Cincinnati and Pittsburg prmiitive agricultural coudition. Forests alternated with vast areas of virgin 2>rairie, to the masteiy and exploitation of which tlie energies of the first fil'ty to sixty years were devoted, hut as the virgin fertility was depleted, methods of fanning had to be changed. From the wheat gru\Hng of the frontier State, our farming has been modified and taken in a Avide variety of ])rodncts, representative in the largest way of the mixed agriculture of the jjresent day. Ninety per cent, of the entire population was, in the beginning, supported on the fanu. (Jradually cities grew and industries arose, that drew a larger and An Indiana-made Tractor, drawing 14 Indiana-made Plows larger jiercentage of the population into industrial pursuits, and today, out of every thousand inhabilauts. only three hundred remain on the farm. Qlie industries of Indiana represent a later phase of manufacture. We have highly manufactured products, such as agricultural imple- ments, vehicles, automobiles, engines, sewing machines, etc., all of which are most characteristic of our whole Nation. Also in the output of primary products, Indiana can well tA^Dify American achievement. Steel can be produced in great quantities, and at Gary at a cost un- eqnaled elsewhere in the world. At Whiting petrolemn is refined into its thousand ])roducts and sent broadcast to the world. 105 As shown above, Indiana is in a transition stage. Its develop nient from the jn'imitive ag-rieultural State to the modern, complex organization with vast factories and industries and its network of transportation is tjqDical of what has gone on and what is taking plac3 in the I'^nited States as a whole. Onr P]astern States have become increasingly manufacturing cen- ters; our Western States are still largely agricultural in their inter- ests. Indiana stands midway. Memories of its earlier conditions stil! linger in the minds of many of its citizens and help tlicm to under The Center of Population in the United States. Bloomington. Indiana stand the interests and view-jioints of the West. Indiana has fur- nished more settlers for the Mississippi Valley and the Western States, than any other one State in the Nation, and also through per- sonal contact with these thousands of people do they get an under- standing of the forceful M^'estem sjiirit, which is asserting itself more and more in American jiuhlic life. In tlicir desire for future achievement lies the understanding of the East. The highly organized industrial production with its large wage-eai'uing poj^ulation has forced l)efore it in cities and in State organizations distinctly modem social jiroblems; the capital, the ma- 10(i chinery, the finance, the problems of management of our industries, ;ire similar to those of the East, and througli that we can understand and sympathize with the efforts of the older States. liidiana has opportunity and duty more than any other State of or^'stallizing the economic, social and political forms througli which the Nation shall develoi) during the next generation. An exposition well managed and planned can help us to under- stand one another and act as a whole. This centennial exhibit should be carried into every public school 'C / ^ \ \^^ Ld y '^-Hfei "^ /^ dj ^^":^^w " *' '" w ^^1^1 :-:-^. - ^--.f ' •'1^ ' . WBTT ■ mm.,^.^ Old State Bank Building, Brookville, Indiana. One of the first banks in the State througjiout the State. School children and the youth should he drawn into the work of preparation for the exhibit. Newspapers should co- ordinate, so that the material would become a vital factor in the thought and feeling of everyone within the borders of our State. The records created should be established in pennanent form in photo- gra}3hs and charts and reports so as to l)e available years after the exhibit itself is over. If handled in this way our centennial exhil)it would be the cause of our becoming conscious in a large way of our duties and work as citizens during the next generation. It would be well worth a million dollars and should have the full co()])eration of everyone. 107 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXHIBITS. AGRICULTURE. A log house with the entire equipmeut of the earliest days, in- cluding weapons and other hunting iin])lf'nients of the pioneers. This to he reproduced in exact form. A complete set of agricultural tools. Charts showing the date and progress of the State survey, the laying out of the roads and the products in the 40 's and 50 's. Maps and charts showing the location of earliest settlements, villages and first cities. Interesting manuseri]»t and records of the activity of that period. TRADES. The earliest log cabin was the center of industry as well. Industry was domestic, and most trades centered around the home. The exhibit should include tools, products and i-ecords of earliest industrial work as carried on in ])ioneer homes and in the earliest settlements and villages. The log cabin was not only the center of agTieulture and industry, but also the home. The exhibit could be arranged to show the changes that have transformed home life to its standard of today. In this connection the exhibits of schools, running from the little covmtry school with its three months a year course, that tirst took the child from the home, to our modern city school system. WOMAN. This line of argnment might culminate in an effort to give symbolic expression to the highest conception of what the home should be. At the Conservation Congress, nothing attracted more attention than the model cottage, which was an attem])t to typify, in a hasty way, a few of the materials and mechanical appliances of home life. Our exhibit should be broadly an attempt to bring in the higher and more personal relations of the home. The life and work of woman has undergone, during the last cen- tury, what is ])robably the most profound social change the world has ever known. This drama has taken place in a peculini'ly complete way within our own State from the ti*ansformation of the mother in the log cabin who wove and spun and made soap, educated her children, practising and presei-ving the basic arts and trades, to the factory worker, stenographer, the mistress in the home of leisure. This develo])ment, if properly represented in an exhibit, would be of absorbing interest just now when eveiyone seems to be thinking 108 of the position which woman is occupying in our society. Suggestions for presenting the personal and spiritual changes as well as the ma- terial aspects of the development in a s^anliolie way should be ready for jiresentation to the chairman of the committee. MODBEN CONDITIONS. The University of Purdue should be able to project a picture of four or five modem farms to show the present state of our agriculture. The models of the most efficient miits to be used for the future. In the neighborhood of our cities truck marketing and fruit gardening must make more and more progress. Dairying to supply milk, meat and butter is essential both to the support of our population and the greater prosperity of our famis. The modern agricultural implement owes a considerable share of its development to Indiana. Some of the earliest and most success- ful experiments on reapers, plows, binders, clover huUers and engines have taken place within this State. Exhibits of these tools, with charts and photographs showing their work could be included. Exhibits showing the work and extent of the other principal in- dustries could be secured so as to present in an interesting way subject- matter that has not been brought together before. Maps and charts of transportation to show the volmne and direction of movement. The two State universities should display their work as carried on at present, including an analysis of the future woi-k and earning power of their students, the bearing of their work upon the industries, and especially the agriculture of the State of Indiana. In working out this exhibit, it is quite probable that a better miderstaiiding of their function would gain hold throughout the State, and those in charge would be forced, as well, to realize more fully their relations to the peojile of this State who supjiort the institutions. Finally, a complete joicture of the relations of our State govern- ment and its work, its institutions and its bearing ujion the citizens should be made an important jmrt of the exhibit; because more and more, work that exceeds the power of individuals or of corporations is arising. Modern knowledge and modern tools have created demands which can be realized only through the State. And our connection and our dependence ujion our State organization must become clearer to us if it is to ]ierform its work sufficiently. 109 Transportation Clarence A. Kenyon. An hundred years ago Indiana was a wilderness. Indians, hunt ers and trappers were the only inhabitants. A large part of the State was a forest, and wild beasts and game of every description were abundant; the streams were filled with fish. The only means of trans- portation was the canoe and the pack horse, the only roads were Indian or animal trails. The history of transportation is the history, in a large measure, of civilization. Roads and civilization go hand in hand, each in a way dependent upon the other. As civilization advances roads increase in number and quality, and as the means of easy trans- portation multiply, civilization increases. This is true of all countries. The transition from the nomadic, semibarbarous, and pastoral maimer of life to the commercial, trading, militant, organized civilizations is marked by the means of tr;ins])ortation, which in its broadest sense includes rivers, canoes, i-ailroads, common roads and city streets. The United States has the longest and best roads in the world, and Indiana has its share of such roads, but they are the railroads and they have, in this country been brought to a high degree of perfection, not onlj^ in construction, but in methods of ujikeep and repair. As soon as the trappers and hunters began to settle ])ermanently and the jiioneers came, land was soon cleared and cultivated. It was absolutely necessary to have some means of transporting their excess l)roducts to market. The French came from Canada to the northern l»a.rt of the State and the Virginians and Kentuckians came in fion, the south and settled along the streams and rivers. Flatboats made l)y splitting large trees, tapering them at each end like a sled, were used to float products down the streams ; the boat was sold with the produce, as they had no means of getting it back. Next came the keel boat, Avhieh was transjjorted by poles. For years communication be- tween Indiana and the older colonies was veiy precarious. Thei'e were no roads into the interior. From Vincennes to the Falls of the Ohio the Indian or buffalo trail was the only semblance to a road. When Indianapolis was laid out there were no roads, and one of the first things the Legislature did was to a]ipro))riate money to build roads leading to the caiiital. One led to Lawrenceburg, another to Madison, another to Jeffersonville, but the appropriation for all of these roads was less than $60,000. So it will be seen that the appro- no priation was not sufficient to do nioi-e than clear the roadway, and do a little grading. Tn 1811, Robert Fulton and Kt)bert Livingston [tut a steamljoat on the Ohio River, and in later years a steamboat or two made regular trips to and from Indianapolis. In the early twenties there was great enthusiasm for improved methods of trans]iovtation. Over eight millions of dollars were appropriated for the building of canals; and while they cai'ried considerable freight for a time, were abandoned as soon as the railroads came and the money thus ajjpropriated was The Ox-team was a primitive but sure means of transportation largely wasted. ( )ur nwn canal leading to Broad Ripi)le and lieyoiid, cost the State nearly two millions of dollars and was ultimately sold for about five thousand dollars to private parties. Large sums were appropriated by the Legislature for the purpose of building railroads. The first road which the State attempted to build was to Madison. It vrould be a long story to tell of the ]iitiful failure of the State to bui!d and maintain this road and its final passage into the hands of ])rivate ) arties. But the State was growing and needed transporta- tion. The common roads were in very bad condition. AMieu tlie capital was moved from Cor>'don to Indianapolis, the State records were hauled by wagons, at the s]ie(>d of feu or twelv(^ miles a day. m In those days the nearest gi-ist mill to Indianapolis was sixty miles. Some enterprising citizens established a line of wagons from the Ohio Eiver to the interior. These wagons had a wide hed and were covered with canvas. This was the only way to transport freight. For ])as8engers and mail, stage lines were operated. These stages were great clumsy things, swnng on leather springs, hauled by four or six horses. When the weather was bad they frequently stuck in the mud and the passengers would have to liel]) get them out. Packet Governor Morton, on the first trip up White River in 1860 During the time of Monroe, Clay and Calhoun the problem of internal improvements was one of the burning questions. Agita- tion was great, not only in Indiana but all over the country. As a result, Congress provided for the construction of the Ciunberland or National road, wdiich crossed Indiana from Richmond on the east to Terre Haute on the west. It was never entirely completed and was finally turned over to the States and local authorities. Most of the railroads were built in the forties and fifties, but many of them were projected years before. From 1830 to 18.35, there was a great awaken- ing of the public roads spirit in the United States. The people of 132 Indiana caiiglit tlif I'l'vcr and tlu' Legislature (if 1.S35 authorized sur- veys of six ini])ortant groups, the first, for railroad or turnpike, from Madison via rndiana])olis to Crawfordsville and TjaFayette; tlie sec- ond, from ( "lawfordsville via Greencastle, IMooniington and Salem to Nen' .Mlianv; third, for a railroad from Evansville to V^iucennes; fourth, for a railroad from Vineennes to Terre Hante; fifth, macad- amized turnpike road from Xew Albany via Greenville, Paoli and Mt. Pleasant to Vineennes; sixth, to complete the surveys and estimates on the Lawrenceliurg- and Indianapolis Railway. Many charters "The Pioneer. " First gasoline motor vehicle constructed in the United States. New in the Smithsonian Institution at Washington. Built by Elwood Haynes. Kckomo, Indiana were granted, Imt the money was not forthcoming, and many of the roads were not built. As the railroads began to multiply in the forties and fifties, the necessity for common roads seemed to the people to be less; and it was not foi- some lime after the war that the building; of highways was commenced under the assessment and gravel road 1 lans. In all these later plans the State has been left out. No ai)pro- priations were granted, no highway engineer or State aid of auv kind was provided for, and the era of extreme localization was introduced. Every township has a number of road officers as well as everv countv. 113 ^t ilH J^ mfc 1.. ^HC •1 ^BT ■ «■"— — ^ — ■». ll^|M|y ^mrn^^^^ ■tliliMIK^^. -\_-li the ages, from the e;irth road and tlic pack horse, to the famous Ap])ian Way that still exists after more thau two thousand years of use. to the "flat" and "keel" and canal boats, the stage coach, the prairie schooner, the locomotive, the interirrban, the auto- moliile. and in addition to all this, a vision of the wonders that are almost within our grasp. We must in a way anticipate the future; we need the very great imjjrovements that are now almost within our gTasp. The Japanese have a proverb, "One look is better than a thousand words;" and this great exposition, if properly presented in "looks" will teach, our people that which will be worth moi'e to the State than the entire cost of the exposition. Let us do it. 117 How to Awaken General Interest and Participation Lew M. O'Bannon. In proportion to the number interested and made active partici- pants in any plan devised, will the celebration become a snccess and of largest benefit to all the ])eople. To attain these ends it is sug- gested that there should be: a T. A Campaign of EnrcATioxAL Agitation. 1 . A sj^stematic method of advertising the celebration sliould be inaugurated through the newsjiapers of the State, setting forth the scope and purposes of the proposed celebration. To this end ajipropri- ate copy should )je prepared by a competent person or committee selected for this purpose. 2. An effort might jjroperly be made to get various organizations of men and women, both State and local, to place the stamp of njipi-dval njjon such plans for the celebration as may be worked out by the Centennial Celebration Committee. o. If it would not involve too much labor and too heavy cost it would certainly be a great help if a booklet could be prepared contain- ing in brief what we might jn'operly call an "Inventory" of Indiana's achievements in a hundi'ed years, to be used in all the schools of the State, using, in a limited way, pictures of such historic scenes and of l)ublic and private property covering the entire century, as would illustrate the tremendous progress made in all lines of business in that time. Such a compilation might be made sufficiently valuable and attractive that it could be sold in large numbers over the State, thus serving the double purjiose of creating widespread interest in the proposed celebration and creating a fund to help ])ay necessary expenses, at least in a small measure. In this little volume could be used some of the choicest things that have been said in eulogy of our State, both in ])rose and verse, by Indiana writers, thus sharpening the a]i])etites of the peoi)le for what i.s in ])rospeet. Arouse the pride of Hoosiers in the splendid achieve- ments of themselves and their ancestors during the century and the work of making the celebration a success is made easier. 11!) •4-. Tlicrc inii^lit l>i' some systi'iii ol' luizcs, or prciniuins, offered at the celehration upon e.\'hil)its with a jihiii, in some line or lines, which Avonid admit articles of production by townshi})s and counties. Especially mij>ht this l)e used to advantage in agricultural counties. IT. Local. {*F;rj;i;i;A'rioNS. 1. A date should be fixed for appropriate exercises in all parts of the State — if deemed practical, in all the townships — literary and musical, and jiossibly an exhiliit ol' articles of superior quality in A Primitive Habitation. Let the children in the schools be told again and again the stories of early Hoosier life — its dangers and privations calling for the sturdiest heroism certain lines of ]»r()ductitin ]ieculiar to sucli localities, according to a progi'am as nearly uniform as ]iracMcal for the entire State. l>y this means the largest number of the peo))le of the State could be brought in touch with the nutritive influences that have been potent factors in the development of the industrial, educational, literary and religious interests of the commonwealth during the first hundred years of its existence. 2. Every localitx' in the State could be amply prepared for these local celebrations by means of instruction through the schools during the three years intervening Ix'tween now and IfMl). This jilaii could iiiO be enlari>e(l ujidii and cxtciideil accoriling to tlic degree of interest developed and tlie faoilities availal)le in various i)laces. o. Tt niiolit also he well to hold similar exhibitions and celcbi-a- tions at all tlic ('(umty seats of the nintey-two coimties of the State, especially at such places as C'orydon, Vincennes, Lafayette, Battle- ground, etc., where historical events of State importance have occurred. History occujiies a liigh place in our best ])lans for successful education, and by giving Hoosiers a somewhat clear, though brief, 1 1 M Hi.: i ■^ •i W- \ 1 4 i 1 n * w *«1 1 A Beautiful Road through the Canadian Rocky Mountains Another Beautiful Road over Bear Wallow Hill in Brown County. Indiana look into the past history of Indiana. I doubt not their sympathies can l)e wanned for the celebration ])roposition. Emerson spoke an important truth when he said: "There is a relation between the liours of our life and the centuries of time." The past is ours as well as the present, and upon the proper and wise use of both depends our success in the future. These are only suggestions, and they are modestly submitted in the hope that they may at least lead to something helpful in the ef- forts being made to lay tin- i)lans U)v a successful centennial celebra- tion in Indiana in TDK!. 121 Convention Hall, Indianapolis JIexky K. Uanxek and L. H. Lewis. After iiiontlis of caroful study niid investigation, a coiniiiittee representing- tiie several eommereial organizations of Indianapolis has decided to inaugurate a eampagn to I'aise funds with wliich to erect a large coliseum or convention liall. This campaign will be started as soon as arrangements can ))e made. The conunittee has sent out a call for "volunteers" and the rosponses indicate that the movement has struck a very hearty chord and will l>e consummated with celeiity. No movement ever started in Indianapolis with a better setting. The conditions are ripe. Every citizen realizes that a coliseum is a l>rime necessity. Thousands of visitors could be attracted here an- nually and scores of meritorious propositions could be staged if In- dianapolis possessed such a building. The investigation in other cities conducted by tlie committee pointed out conclusively that one of the things necessary for the success and welfare of any city today is a convention hall large enough to accommodate any gathering. It is a potent factor in community growth and develo]iment. Indianapolis is ideally located as a convention center. Its hotel acconnnodations are a,mi)le, its transportation facilities cannot be ex- celled anywliere, while it is wthin forty miles of the center of i)opula- tion of the I'nited States. Statistics show that conventions held here atti'act more members of the organizations than in other cities because of the first class accommodations in every respect. That is what has made Indiana]iolis known the world over as the "Premier Convention City." A\'itliout a coliseum Indianajxjlis is not in a position to entertain large conventions, and especially those that hold exhibits in connection with their convention. This class of conventions is the best from the "mercenary dollai- and cent standiioint." Indianapolis could easily obtain one of th(> big national ])olitical conventions if it liaolis to this great need until there is absolutely no (jueslion but that the camjjaign for funds could l)e carried to com]iletion si)eedily and with ease. Every person realizes that a coliseum is a business necessity. It is more than that. A coliseum in lndiana]iolis wmiid do more to advance the inter- ests of the entire city than any other single euterjirise. Present indii/atious are that tlic campaign for i'un o])en and the mellow lain}iliglit will fling a ])atliway of its own out into the shadows for us. And next day theie'll l)e the old boys — and the girls who are ever yoiuig — and the old tinie-^ will be lived over again, and Home Coming Return again to the Hoosier haunts of childhood. Lingering in your memory may be the picture of a "homey"' old place like this. Perhaps it may all be changed now. but you can at least tread again the sacred ground Week shall be as Fourth of .Inly and Christmas and New Years and Thanksgiving and all otlier good days rolled into one. And the memories we have cherished shall live foi' us in reality onee moi-e, the old songs sliall have a newer sweetness — even the old stories shall have a newer and fresher tang to them. The haunts of l)oylio()d, that call to us ever out of the silences, and in the clamor of alien streets, shall be ours once more. IL'T ^'^^':-Mi "The Big Woods." Does your memory hark back to the day when every Hoosier community had its "Big Woods' of beech, hickory, giant oak and poplar ? What a charm of mystery there was in following the meandering path, amongst towering trees and tangled thickets, alive with the songs and chatter of wild creatures A Little Hoosier Church on the Hillside. In your travels abrcad to see picturesque and secluded shrines, did you see anything more charmingly artistic than this ? Wlicn tlie Hoosiers go home tliere'Il be shaking of haii(]s And tlie eloquent hiisli tliat tlie lieai't understands. And the smile tliat's a sigh, and the sigh that's a smile When they stand and think hack every won(h'rrnl while, And repeoi)le the town, and undo every change Till in fancy, at least, it no longer is strange. When the Hoosiers go home there'll be welcoming cheers And they'll laugh in rei^ly till they laugli out their tears, For. you know, though forgetfulness comes when we roam There's a surge of old memories when Ave go home. When we wonder where are all the friends we knew there — But we know, and our lijis will not frame tlie word "Where?" When the Hoosiers go home — why, the roads and the trees And the outsin-eading fields, and the Imni of the bees Will be welcoming them ! And the blue of the sky Will be bluer than ever in days long gone by! And the sunshine and shade Avill be flecking the grass Like a mirroring gladness that laughs as they pass. When the Hoosiers go home — O it's splendid to know That you never lose touch with the long, long ago ; That the old gate still swings, and the door is flung wide, And that folks are youi- fi'iends and your fellows beside! There'll be songs that are sweet as the blossomy foam Of the orchards abloom, when the Hoosiers go home. 129 SUPPLEMENT nil Quotations from a Few Letters Relating to the Proposed Centennial Celebration in 1916 DAVID STARR JORDAN, President Leland Stanford Junior University. "Permit iiic t(i at'knowlodoo yonr kind letter of Novoiaber L'iitli. T am very greatly interested in yonr proposed Centennial Celebra- tion, and I shall do ^vhate^■(>r T can at this long range, toward help- ing in the matter.'" JOSEPH SWAIN, President Swarthmore College. ■■ I have your k'tter of November liGth enclosing resolutions con- ceining the contemplated Indiana Centennial Celehration. I am always interested in everytliiiig tliat takes ])]ace iu ni\- native State, and T thank yon for giving- me information concerning this move- ment. You ha^ e a good and representative connnittee and I think tlie plnns are safe in tlieir liands." LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR GORDON, Cincinnati, Ohio. '"As one of the ex-Hoosiers who has always kept in touch with Indiana and her people, and has a great affection for both, I desire to express the lio])e that you will have a Home-Coming feature in connection Avith the Centennial, in order that we ex-Hoosiers may feel on visiting the Centennial that we have a part in it. T am sure that such a feature if carried out, will be a great success." CAPTAIN JAMES B. CURTIS, New York City. "It affords me ])leasure to endorse the plan of a Centennial Celebration in 1916 by the State of Indiana. When a resident there it was always a y)rivilege for me to do everything ])Ossible for the good name of Tndiauaiiolis and Indiana. In leading the old Indian- ajiolis Light Artillei-y to victory for fifteen years in succession, much was accomi)lished along this line. Since leaving yon it has been a delight to me to organize tlse Indiana Society in New York and give diniu'rs wjiich always attracted nnich attention. T sincerely ho])e that vou will ])ush this scheme to a successful conclusion." 1.33 ROBERT JUDSON ALEY, President of the University of Maine. "I am si-eatly interested in tlie Indiana Centennial. As a loyal ex-Hoosier 1 desire to contribnte all that I <'aii for tlic snceess of the celebration. "Indiana in her first hundred years of Statehood, has made for herself a very honorable place. Her public institutions, her laws, her judiciary, her public men, her schools, her colleges, and her literature have taken high rank. It is very important that she should pause for a moment and celebrate in a fitting manner her achieve- ments. Such a celebration would not only be a fitting end to a great century, but also a x«'oper introduction to the still greater century which is to follow. The many Tloosiers who are living and working in orhcr States would hail with ,jov tlic opiiortunity to come home. They would rejoice to see a cele!)ratiou wortliy of the great State they love so well. Each of ns loves his adopted State as he loves his A^'ife, but he loves Indiana as he loves his mother." THE INDIANAPOLIS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. "The Indianapolis Chamlier of Connnerce commends the highly l)atriotic and unselfish motives of your committee and assures you that it has the h.eartiest and best wishes of this organization in your endc:nor to promulgate successfully the movement looking toward a jiroper observance of Indiana's one hundreth l)ii-thday in 191(). "Indiana is a wonderful State. Her growth and development during the last century have been marvelous. How fitting it would be to have a joint exiiibit and celebration in 191() showing the progress made along all lines of community life. "The movement under your auspices is truly meritorious. It de- serves to succeed. The celebration as proposed and tentatively out- lined bv your committee would ini(|uestionably be a revelation to many and act as an incentive to I'aise the standard of ideals, and fostei- that s])irit of good fellowship tliat is always manifest in the citizenslii]! of Indiana. "Staged on a high plane with the educational feature predomi- nating throughout, we believe such an exhibit and celebration would attract thousands of strangers and serve as a means of bringing hack honu' those citizens who have drifted to other shores. "We appreciate your display of fealty and loyalty to old Indi- ana, and hope that the success, your efforts so richly deserve, will be vours." 134 Illustrations Showing Progress of the State in Educational, Industrial and Other Fields 135 Newer Buildings of Colleges in Indiana «*#■ 4»i m - ^7% '##* B Sep ■hf>t>\T^ 4 I I. iW II 11 i •* I. " ^;V- -.. -^ k ^^ ' < • I R I I I I * I Notre Dame University Franklin College Hendricks Memorial Library, Hanover College Butler College Meharrv Hall. EePauw University Pictures Illustrative of Progress and Devel- opment of the State in Various Fields ^..^^-^ RUME LY La Porte ■...,' ■■'J>' S'xV^^: ^UMFLY LA PORTE "IIMELY TORONTO' RUME LY La POfiTE The Beginning The Present Studebaker Plant 1876 Laboratory first established on Pearl Street. The site is now occupied bv the rear of the Indiana|iolis Chamber of Commerce Building 1881 ELI LILLY i: COMPANY Pharmaceutical Chemists Home Office and Laboratories, Indianapolis, Ind. 189(1 i'^i-l^ tM 'f«*sjjjjj'^,«i«. «:U-«»i^*! i .•ijHffff Biological Laboratories, near CJreenfield. Inil Under Construction. 1913) Home Office :ind Ltiboratorics, 1913 KLI LILLY cS; COMPANY Pharmaceiitieal Chemists Home Office and Laboratories, Indianapolis Ind. Branc/ies: New \'ork, Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, New Orleans 1. Y. M. C. A. Building Gary. Indiana. 2. New Theater 3. Steel Mills IS "50 -iqo3. T^E INDIANAPOLIS UtU6 iqi3. NORDYKE &,,MARMQN COMPANY tXitiii V ,1 NK of the oldest and trreatest industries of Indiana is Nordvke & Marmon Company of Indianapolis. Founded in 1851, this concern has built up a world-wide business in the manufac- ture of flour milling machinery, and today the concern is recognized as leading manufacturers in the cereal milling held. Tn addition, new laurels ha\e come to the Company in the manufacture of the Marmon Car, which is designed and constructed completely in this factory. As winner of records and trophies in many of the world's greatest contests on track and road as well as in its records in the hands of owners, the Marmon occupies an enviable position among the best cars of Europe and America. ONE. or THE ■WORLD - FAMED GROUP OF MARMON TROPHIES Making History in Indiana " Ndtioii(7/'' C'.tir Ksta/)/is/it/i\r Jl'or/i/'s Rrcon/ for 500 Miles /t 1\T /^ "f 1 /^ y^ /^ 1 '"*uilt in Indianapolis by the National J-± IM LliLUlltlL Motor Vehicle Company, defeated all comers from the entire world in history's hardest race, May 30, 1912, on the famous Indianapolis Motor Speedway — 500 miles in 381 minutes and 6 seconds. Never before had a man or machine traveled so fast for that distance. You will agree that although you may not be a de\otee of the motor car racing sport you are well enough informed on motor cars to know that when a car with- stands this terrific speed for 500 miles, straining every ounce of power and ever fiber of strength, it is unimpeachable proof of the car's quality and stamina. If there is a fiaw or w eakness in a car it w ill come out in such a white heat analytical test. This triumph on the Indianapolis Speedway in 1912, of an Indiana made car, is not only a splendid testimonial to the maker of the car, but an achievement in w hich all Hoosiers take pride. National Motor Vehicle Co. INDIANAPOLIS Sales Mraiuli, 426 North Capitol Avciuif •a ^ OJ d ■£ . o c ^ £ c O (U o ^ I " c Claypool Hotel. Indianapolis f\ Washington Hotel, Indianapolis Two Indiana Health Resorts of National Reputation French Lick Hotel \A^est Baden Hotel