74 C4 C4 opy 1 PROCEEDINGS DEDICATION Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument CITY COUNCIL OF CHARLESTOWN, June "17, 1872. CHARLESTOWN: PRINTED AT THE CHRONICLR OFFICE, 30 MAIN STREKT. 1872. iitj) of ij^arkslotoin. DEDICATION OF THE IN WINTHROP SQUARE, mmmmm^^ © itm^ ISfl^ PPMMITT^^ Of /H^f^/Np^^M^NJ^: GEORGE B. NEAL. JOSEPH SOUTHER; J. w. HILL, JOSEPH DICKSON, F. E. DOWNER. iu 31 USIC B Y 7i ' " « yj) S ' ii J ND. FBAYEB BY BEV. OX riBKEB. Composed for the occasion by A. K. Cutter, Ksq., and sang by a select Clioir of thepui'il> of the lUiblic ScIiodIs, under the diret-tion of Mr. J. M. Jliison. l> iiatidii i;rc:itl thy i)eril caiiu' Js'ut I'rimi ail (ntt\vari(!ken ehaiiis. and shai^klfS loosed, I'roi-laim re.liellion's doom. 'L'he iiiDridw iMiiii-s that hrinus sweet ]jeace' 'J'lie dai; <-olinfs iiu star lost-- Biit. <>l the tears, liie i>aiiv;s. the deaths. Of Slave it's hol.xanst : (.» natimi givatl madivureater yet, 1>\ \\iestlini; with ihy wroni;: ■|'hy di'Stiny i.-{ l-Veedom's ho|ie: — Thy heroes" deeds lier .-^oni;. B EM ARKS BY ^' "' '^^XOB MAYOR KENT, OX BELJvr.iijy '>\j-mt:xt to the Ml', SIC BY THE BANB. JSjietHl our ropublic, O Futlier on liigli. Lead us in patliway.s of justice aud light; Kulcrs as well a.s the ruled, "One and all," Girdle with virtue the armor of niii;ht; Hail! three tiniej! hail tt) our country and dagl Poreuiost in battle fur Frei'doin to >:tand, We rush to arms when aroused by its call ; 5>tilJ as of yore, when George Washiugtou led, Thunders our war-cry — AVe ennyuer or fall; Hail! threi^ times liail to our eounti'v and tlag! Faithful aud liouesl to friend aud to foe, Williiit; to die in humanity's cause — Thus we defy all tyrannical pow'r, \\'hile we contend for our Union and laws: Haill tlij-ei' times hail to our country and tiag! Kise up, proud ea,i;le, rise u]) to the clouds. Spread thy brnatl wings o'er this fair western worldj Fling from thy beak our dear banner of old — Show that it still is for freedoui unfurled; Haill three riines hail t" our conntrv and tia":I XATIOAAL AIRS BY TB tnVKKTISHK PKKSS PROCEEDINGS DEDICATION Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument CITY COUNCIL OF CHARLESTOWN, June 17, 1872. CHARLESTOWN: PRINTED AT THE CHKONICLE OFFICE, 30 MAIN STREET. 1872, eiioi 1 s [From the Report of the CharJestown Chronicle of Jinie 22, 1872.] The Seveiiteeiitli of June is a day ever glorious in the memories of the citizens of this city; and the ninety-seventh anniversary of the event, which oc- curred last Monday, was celebrated with all the old- time enthusiasm, while the additional feature of the day — the dedicating of a monument to the memory of the honored dead of the- rebellion — lent additional interest to the occasion. The day opened clear and bright, and, as has been the custom from time imme- morial, was welcomed by the clanging of bells and the firing of a national salute. As the day advanced, it grew warmer, and at high noon the heat was rather uncomfortable, especially to those who participated m the procession. Aside from this, the day was all that could be desired, and the programme prepared by the commitee appointed by the City Council was carried out with great success. THE CITY PEOCESSION. Soon after nine o'clock, the various organizations began to assem])le and to take the positions assigned to them by the Chief Marshal, Colonel "Walter Ev- erett. They all repoited with commendable prompt- ness, and a very few minutes after ten o'clock the procession was started in the following order: — FIRST DIVISION. Detachment of Police, under command of Captain Little. Edmands' IJand. Military Escort, under command of Senior-Captain S. R. Marple — W. H. Doyle, Acting Adjutant. Charlestown City Guard, Co. H, Fifth Regiment, Lieut. George H. Monroe — 30 men. Jackson Guards, Company G,Ninth Regiment, Capt. T. J Harrington — 40 men. Charlestown Artillery, Co. D, Fifth Regiment, Capt. F. B. Bogan — 33 men. High School Battalion, Major F. J. Pope — Adjutant O. Smith. First Company, Capt. E. C. Merritt — 40 men. Second Company, Capt. G. F. O'Meara — 30 men. Chelsea Brass Band. Prescott Light Guards, Capt. AVm. H. Roberts — 125 men. SECOND DIVISION. Chief Marshal — Walter Everett. Chief of Staff— Capt. Ezra J. Trull. AIDS. Major T. E. Ames, Major J. Homer Edgerly, Capt. O. H. P. Smith, Col. Solomon Hovey, Capt. S. A. Dalton, Lieut. John T. Bolton, Dr. E. J. Forster, Dr. Geo. W. Herrick, R. H. Parker, Esq., T. T. Sawyer, jr., Esq., P. O'Riordan, Esq., Edwin Tufts, Esq., J. H. Caldwell, Esq., Charles Curtis, Esq., John Burchmore, Esq., E. A. Williston, Esq. GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. Department Commander, Col. II. R. Sibley, Conunanding Grand Army of the Repul)lic, with the Ibllowing stall': R. B. Pierce, of Al)iugton, Assistant-Adjutant-General. Charles O. AVelch, of Cambridge, Inspector. AIDS. George U. Kelso, of Cliarlostowii. Charles B. Fox, of Boston. S. W. Wheeler, of Chelsea. S. C. WaTriuer, of Springfield. Charles H. Chase, of Salem. C. G. Attwood, of Boston. J. G. B. Adams, of Lynn. Geo. H. Howard, of CamlH-idge. Lynn Brass Band. G. A. R., FIRST DIVISION. Commanded by Department Junior Vice-Commander Gardner A. Churchill, with the following staft': Gen. J. H. Barnes, Chief of Staflf. Capt. S. M. Weale, A. A. G. Lieut. Lemuel Pope, U. S. N"., Aid. Comrade T. M. Wade, U. S. N., Aid. Gen. Lander Post No. 5, of Lynn, George F. Ames, Commander — 175 men. John A. Andrew Post No. 15, of Boston, William S. Frost, Acting Commander — 45 men. Joseph Hooker Post No. 23, of East Boston, Edw. Pearl, Commander — 50 men. William H. Smart Post No. 30, of Cambridgeport, George S. Evans, Commander — 125 men. Washington Post No. 32, of South Boston, K. W. Kane, Commander — GO men. I. Burbank Post No. 33, of Wobnrn — 30 men. American Brass Band, Boston. Phil. II. Sheridan Post No. 34, of Salem, G A. Andrews, Commander — 210 men. G. A R., SECOND DIVISION. Commanded i>.v Capt. (Jporgc H. Long, with tl>e following staff: Deijartment JNlustering Officer, Geo. T. Cliilds. Dr. Wm. L. Bond. Dr. J. G. Dearborn. Cai^t. G. F. Green. Col. Moses B. Lakeman, of Maiden. Capt.D. W. Lee, of Chelsea. Capt. Wm Spalding. Capt. C. Campbell, of Chelsea. Comrade J. M. Kirkland. Johnston's Brass Band. Tlieodore Winthrop Post No. 35, of Chelsea, W. IL Wilson, Comman- der — 50 men. Charles Beck Post No. 5G, of Old Cambridge, George H. Prior, Com- mander — 40 men. P. S. Uavis Post No. 57, of East Cambridge. C. A. Austin, Comman- der — 60 men. BenJ. Stone, jr. Post No. G8, of Dorchester, Wm. C. Clark, Acting Commander — 60 men. Clark's Drum Corps. Robert A. Bell Post No. 134, of Boston, E G. Biddle, Commander — 35 men. Montgomery Drum Corps. Wm. Washlnirn, jr. Post No. 138, of Boston, "Wm. Washl)urn, jr., Commander — 56 men. Somerville Brass Band. Willard C. Kingsley Post 139, of Somerville, II. E. Hill, Commander — 100 men. O'Connor's Brass Band. Abraham Lincoln Post 11, of Charlestown, A. J. Bailey, Commander — 175 men. Ills Honor Mayor Kent, Martin Miimore, Kcv. Addison Parker, and Mr. J. II. Hill, President of the Common Council. Chairman of th(; Committee of Arrangements. Committee of ArrangenKints and of Soldiers' INIonnment. Board of Aldermen and City Clerk. ]Meml)ers of the Common Council. Other membi;rs of the City Government. Ex-^NIayors and ex-Members of the City (lovernment. Chief Enginec-r Delano. Assistant Engineers ]5arllett. Boor, Loner, and Clark. Mystic Band of ^ledford. feitg of Sl^arkstaton* i. .1 'r^sX 1 1. 3718 AilVEBiiMy II THE Bimi OF BilER IIU. DEDICATION OF THE ,0'/- ^^di .(\y^ ni mm% m s-v-^ IN WINTHROP SQUARE, M#atf»r^ Jim® Ifito^ I.8T& GEORGE B. NEAL. JOSEPH SOUTHER,' J- W. HILL, JOSEPH DICKSON, F. E. DOWNER. )ti3itt of feurists*. MUSIC BY EDMANJJS' BAND. r BAYER BY BEV, ADDISON FABKEB. ODE CumpoiMl for the uccaUon lyrA. E,. CiUtibr, Esq., a,Tid sphb by:a select CItoir of the l)tll.i^^ of tbe I'ublic Schools, under the dircrtion of Mi. J. M. Jlason. O nation icrejit: thy ]>eril camt- Js'ot from an outward fiK': But by an inwanl ritttklinj; wmng, Tliat tlarod {l\.v oNtTflirow. Hark I shot tlics lii^isinu: at the Hag', Aimed hy red tn-ason's hand: Comtfs brave resjionpi*' from Siunpter's j;uuj. And war is in t}i« 1a»id. Trailed in the dnst that ri-.ig otict- loved. With traitor's j;ilH? and fling: Meanwhile o'er loyal Innnes it. floats. (>ut-hlospM>nnn<; the Sprinir. Then come the tninip of armeeliion's doom. The nmrvow c.nme.-* that lirinus sweet peat«-: The riai; coinits no star lost — But. (►! the tears, the panys, the deuths, C>f Sl:i\ery'j« holocaust ! U nation ijreat' n)ade jLiivater yet. V>\ wrostlin;i' with thy wron;:; Thy destiny i^ Freedom's hope; — Thy homes" deeds )iej- sony. a EM AUKS BY HIS HOJS'OIt MAT OR KEXT, OX DELIVEIIING THE MOXUMEXT TO THE CITY GOTEUXMEXT A XI) THE eiTIZEXS. I XVEJLJXG THE MOXl MEXT, JUrSIC JiV THE HAXD. ADHliESS BY HOX. lilCHAItl) FliOTHlXGHAM. KELLER'S AMERICAN HYMN. JSpeed our rej)ublic, U Father uii high, Lt'iid us ill pathways of justice aud right; Kuleri as well a.s the iiileil, "One aud all," Girdle with virtue the :u-nior of might; Hail! three tiine.< Viail to our country aud riajj! Foremost in battle for Freitiloin t<> stand. We rush to aruis when aroused by its call; JStill as of yore, when George ^^'ashiugtou led, TliUtiders our war-cry— We tuiiyuer or fall; Hail! three times hail to our country and llag! Faithful and honest to friend aud to foe. Willing to die in humanity's cause — Thus we defy all tyrannical pow'r, While we contend for our Union aud laws; Hail I three tiuies hail to our country aud llag! Kise up, proiul eagle, rise uji to the clouds, sjpread thy broad wings o'er this fair western world. Fling fj'om tliy beak our dear banner of old — Show that it still is for freedom unfurled; Haill thn-t' tijues hail to our eoutilry and flag I XATTOXAL AIRS BY THE BA \D. ;l|>VKKTiaRK rKESS. 7 irancock Hose Co. No. 1, 3o men. Foreman, Allan Stone. Bunker Ilill Hose Co. No. 2, 2o men. Foreman, W. Wyman. Howard Steamer Co. No. 1, 30 men. Foreman, Tieorge Titus. Bay State Band of Lynn. Massaclnisetts Hook and Ladder Co. No. 1, 30 men. Foreman, JNlyers. Washington Hose Co. No. 3, 20 men. Forem.an, John Donovan. Mcdford Cornet Band. Franklin Hose Co. No. 4, 20 men. Foreman, Almeader. N. P. Banks Army and Navy Veteran Union, No. 1, Brigadier-Gen- eral W. W. Bullock commanding — 125 men. Brainard's Band. Bunker Hill Encampment No. 5, 1. O. O. F., John P. Loring, Marshal — 75 men. The procession moved over the following route : Through C, ity Square, Harvard, Washington, Union, Main, Sullivan Square, Bunker Hill, Elm, High, Monument Square, Mt. Yernon, Chelsea, Chestnut, Adams, Common, Winthrop, Warren, Monument Avenue, High, Winthrop to Winthroj) Square, where it was dismissed. DEGOKATIONS. All along the route of the procession the national colors were displayed in every conceivable shape. City Square presented a handsome appearance from the decorations on every side. The enclosure was surrounded with flagstaffs from which floated the colors of the European nations, with the Stars and Stripes at frequent intervals. The City Hall was tastily trimmed with flags, bunting, and streamers, and over the main entrance was an ornamental arch with the inscription " Battle of Bunker Hill," in let- ters of gold, and on either side the date " 1775." 8 J-ines of flags ,vere stretched across the ,rff e-Uranees to the square The AT '"■'"' ;^"il.lin, was neat,, LLI'^^Z'^JT' ^;e p-or.e.ess i„d t:;;.,!^:, r rr^tSr Streamers radiated across the entire fro t ojT' bmUhng interspersed with festooning , 1'" «J^. and stretched across the street las ::',,:::; winthrop iqnarc i^^i::,^'^:^'^:"^'' was dismissed, and the members of tht'c,^ d T"''' -tered tl>e sqnare and took se^ts w iclld h'"'' i-eserved for them nnder . i„ "^ ^''''" 'arge tent cove^ Ihl ,7" ™"''^""- ^"°''-'- ■speakers, sin Jr!" e Cit " ""'"^'^ ^°'- «- g-nests, both'^arr .'Id s^ 'r;"''™*^"' -"^ ''"-ted Monument Th " ^'"='= ^'^^^ Soldiers' -•s-onst:r2^:-^^^^^^^^^ even ,f not able to hear the addressed. '"'' CEDICATIOxV OF THE SOLDIERS' MONUMENT ''■'•.-o order,\.fr. iir'^t;'^ -^r- tlH. divine blessina-. '"' '"^°'^'«d 9 The following ode, composed by Abram E. Cutter, of this city, was then sung- by a choir of school children. O uation great! thy pevil came Not from ail outward foe; But b}- an inward rankling wrong, That dared thy overthrow. Hark ! shot flies hissing at the flag, Aimed by red treason's hand : Comes brave response from Sumpter's guns. And w^ar is in tlie land. Trailed in the dust that flag once loved, With traitor's gibe and fling; Meanwhile o'er loyal homes it floats. Out-blossoming the spring. Then come the tramp of armed men — The launch of gallant fleets, The varying battle-shocks of war — Advances and retreats. God's guiding hand at length is seen Through the deep thickening gloom; While broken chains, and shackles loosed, Proclaim rebellion's doom. The morrow comes that brings sweet peace; The flag counts no star lost — But, oh! the tears, the pangs, the deaths, Of Slavery's holocaust! O nation great! made greater yet. By wrestling with thy wrong; Thy destiny is Freedom's hope; — Thy heroes' deeds her song. 2 PRESENTATION ADDRESS, BY HIS HONOR, y^M^. H. KENT, Mayor. Gentlemen of the City Council: Soon after the close of the war in iK^i^ij, the snb- jeet of erecting- a monument in honor of the men of Charlestown who participated in it began to be dis- cnssed. It was a theme of much interest in the government, and also among the people; and at least one public meeting w^as held in the old City Hall, at which varions designs were submitted, and the pro- priety of initiating the work was freely discussed. N^o definite action was taken, however, until late in the year 18G9, when the City Council appropriated the sum of $20,000 for the erection of a monument, and authorized the appointment of a board of com- missioners to make the necessary contracts therefor, locate the same, and supervise all details in I'clation to it. The commissioners promptly commenced the duties of the trust confided to them, and, after a full consideration of many designs and plans for a mon- lunent submitted to them, and having given careful attention to the material of which it should be com- posed, the board of 1870 concluded to contract with 11 Martin Milmore, of Boston, for the erection of a granite structure in conformity with plans and de- signs prepared by hiui. The board of commissioners, as provided for by the government, has consisted of five citizens, the Mayor and one Alderman, the President of the Common Council and two members thereof, — thus making the board consist of ten. The members from the citizens are Hon. Richard Froth- ingham, Hon. Francis Childs, Franklin A. Hall, Wm. L. Bond, and William Spalding, the last-named gen- tleman having been elected to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of George H. Long, tendered on account of his removal from the city. The five members from the government have varied, of course, as the different governments have changed, and the following gentlemen have served upon the commission : — Mayors. — Eugene L. Xorton and Wra. H. Kent. Fresidents of the Common Council. — Andrew J. Bailey, James Adams, jr., John B. Norton, Joseph W. Hill. Aldermen. — William B. Long, Horatio Wellington, George B. Neal. Coimcilmen. — Henry R. Sibley, Hartwell Mayers, Geo. R. Kelso, Geo. T. Childs, Wm. F. Bibrim. I think it may be truly said, that every member of the board, from the beginning, has shown a deep in- terest in the matter, and a Avillingness to give all necessary time and attention to it. By the terms of contract with Mr. Milmore, the entire monument was to be completed by the 10th day of June, 1872. The work was in fact substantially completed a month earlier than this limit, as the last figure was placed on the pedestal on the ninth day of May. The cor- 12 ner-stone of the structure was laid quite informally in the presence of the commissioners, at 5 o'clock, p. M., on Tuesday, April 9, 1672. In a cavity of this stone is placed a copper box, hermetically sealed, and contaiuing the following articles : — Mniiicipal Register of 1870 ; bound copy of City Documents of 1871 ; ]\]ayor's Inanguml Address of 187:'^ ; Charlestowu Directory of 1872 ; Frotliingham's History of Charlestowu ; CUarlestown Clironicle and Advertiser of April 6, 1872 ; Boston Daily Adver- tiser, Journal, and Herald of April 9, 1872 ; parchment engrossed •with the action of the City Council in reference to the monument ; names of the board of commissioners thereon for 1869, '70, '71, and '72 ; names of the City Council for 1871-72 ; names of the sculptor, contractors, and engineers of the work ; parchment fur- nished by Post No. 11 of the Grand Army of the Republic, en- grossed with the names of the officers and members of the Post from its commencement, and one of the metallic badges of its organization ; set of tools for stone-working furnished b}^ Messrs. J. F. & F. L. Gilman. The granite of which the whole structure is com- posed is from the Hallowell quarries, in the State of Maine, and was furnished by Mr. J. R. Bod well. The underground foundation is the work of Robert R. Wiley, and the pedestal that of J. F. & F. L. Gil- man, all of this city. The consulting and supervis- ing; enjifineer of the whole was Mr. Samuel J. F. Thayer, of Boston. And now, gentlemen, the commissioners are here to-day in the performance of the last official act per- taining to the trust you confided to them, — that of formally delivering to you the linished work. In do- ing this, they cannot withhold a propei- word of ap- 13 preciation of the genius which conceived, and the skill and patience which for so many months has been exercised under the almost imperceptible oper- ation of the chisel and mallet, in bringing the design at last into a characteristic and elegant completeness. Let the monument be unveiled. The monument was, at the word, immediately divested of its drapery of flags by an ingenious arrangement previously prepared. Its appearance was hailed with prolonged cheeriug by the multi- tude, and by national airs from the band. After which His Honor resumed his remarks as follows : — Fellow Citizens: The duties of the commission being ended, — this structure having been delivered to the government, — it has in fact been delivered to you; for the government is but the representative of the people. To you it now belongs, with all the interesting associations connected with it. Like the books that have been written, the orations that have been spoken, the poems that have been composed, the memorial halls that have been erected, this mon- ument now takes its place as a part of the history of the great events that called them all forth. As a work of art, as an object of beauty, it may well challenge admiration. But it has a more immediate, and higher and nobler purpose. The simple inscrip- tion upon its face tells us and all who come after us what that purpose is. I have no call to discuss the question sometimes raised as to the expediency of these testimonials. I may in yoiu- name truly declare to the world, that we erect and dedicate it in no spirit of sectional pride oi' vain gloiy, but as a 14 merited tribute to those of .our sous who took up the sword, inspired by just and patriotic motives, and faith in a just and patriotic cause. Some of them — many of them, thank God! — are here to-day, testi- fying, by their presence, their interest in this service and their appreciation of this tribute to them. Many are sleeping their hist sleep, and their eyes can never behold it. But whether living or dead, — here to- day to unite with us, sleeping in unknown graves in far Southern climes, resting in the blue depths of the ocean, upon whose bosom they bravely fought their last battle, — one and all, on this day of all days to us, glory and honor to them! to-day's service is their memorial service, and this is their monument! jSTear by rises the tall shaft that tells of the patriotic struggles and sufferings of the Fathers. Here, al- most within its shadow, stands the less pretentious structure in honor of the patriotism of their descend- ants. This is the natural sequence of that. Side by side let them stand in all coming time, perpetual reminders of those who fought to achieve and those who fought to preserve Constitutional Liberty. At the conclusion of the Maj'or's Address, Hon. Richard Froth- iiighani, tlie orator of the day, was introduced. -ADDRESS OF ' HON. RICHARD FROTHINGHAM. Mr. May(>r axd Fellow-Citizens: The multitude who have left their avocations, and are giving themselves up to the recollections of the past, show that time is dealing with this anniversary in its character not merely as a preserver, but a magnifier. In this, it keeps in memory an event of no local class, of no ordinary importance. The band of citizen soldiers whose deeds on this soil give the day its significance, were, it is true, New-England men; but the New-England colonies were in the re- lation of union v/ith the other colonies. This union was a growth, a development. It was written as by the finger of God in the American heart. This was a country. The deeds done here on our soil were done in behalf of the country; all are entitled to share the glory of them, and it is gratifying to see the disposition in other communities to observe this day as a national holiday. We are glad to see civic and military processions coming here from year to year, sometimes from distant States, to join us in the celebration. We are glad to see so many fine repre- sentations from other places here to-day. Welcome, 16 one aiul all, to the kindling associations of this Mar- athon of a common country. (Applause.) How beautiful the spectacle on this lovely day of June, here and now. This happy population throng- ing the streets, free in the enjoyment of every munic- ipal right; that beautiful procession in which were embodied the civic and the charitable activities of a community alive to the duty of providing for culture and for humanity, and that noble representation of- the citizen soldiery, a type of the vast physical power that can come forth at the call of the law, and rally to sustain all that is dear and sacred in the republic. And all here is peaceful. All the sounds that we hear, and all the emblems that we see, are of peace, and such peace all over the nation, with ten thousand such happy municipalities, with a territory bounded by two oceans, and with no stain of human bondage remaining ! (Applause.) Praises be to God ! Peace is in our Jerusalem, and prosperity is in her palaces! Well may there be a jubilee of peace. Peace is our policy with all the earth. We ask as a nation nothing but what is right, while at the same time, with the vast physical power at our command, we submit to nothing that is wrong. (Loud apjolause.) IN^inety-seven years ago, nature presented here the same lovely aspect. Verdure was on our hills; pro- pitious skies bent over them; the noonday sun spar- kled on the same waters that now lave their base; but all else how changed! At this hour of the day, the connnunity which then and there gathered were 17 on honse-tops and steeples and hill-tops, and their hearts were wi'iing in very anguish at what might be the fate of kindred and friends who were about to engage in mortal combat. The only procession that was seen in our streets then was the few remaininir inhabitants that were Hying from the town and from the honses that were riddled by the balls of the enemy. There, on that green, stood the calm and determined band of Prescott and his companions; Joseph Warren was soon by his side. A little farther off was the gallant Knowlton, beginning the frail rail-fence breastworks. And then fol- lowed that scene of war, that baptism of fire and of blood, which has made tlie day memorable. Then were performed those deeds that will be remembered so lono' as valor and virtue shall be esteemed among: mankind. In honor of such men stands that majes- tic shaft, — " silent like the grave, and yet melodious like the song of immortality from the lips of cher- nbim." Here, nnder the shadow of that nol^le monument, as a fit offering to the day, we gather to dedicate another monument. The simple ceremonial of the unveiling, — the fervent supplication to Almighty God — the inspiring strains of the band — the sweet chorus of youthful voices — the response of this great assembly, — have done the real work of the occasion, by giving expression to the deep and all- pervading patriotic sentiment that is in the heart of the community. It only remains to connect this memorial in honor of the deeds of this generation 3 18 with that erected in honor of the founders of the rej3ubUc. As time rolls on, the American Revolution and its consequences are more and more studied by the school of liberal ideas the world over. Its thinkers pronounced it the greatest event in the history of mankind, and because it produced a result never before seen in history, that promises to be a lasting benefit to humanity. What was this result V What was this contribution ? It was not the discovery of any new force or any new principle. The more closely the development of American society is studied in the colonial age, the more clearly Avill it appear that the innei* spring of its progress was the Christian idea of man, — his native dignity, his erpuil- ity, — and when institutions growing out of this idea had to l)e defended in the field, America rang with the grand thought, that its cause w^as the cause of human nature. "We claim brotherhood," says that remarkable pamphlet ''"' Common Sense," "^with every European Christian, and rejoice in the generosity of the sentiment;" and to-day, all there is good and great and hopeful in modern civillization and progress has its roots in Chris- tianity. But Christianity was a divine gift to man, ages before the discovery of America. ]N^or did this originality consist in presenting the maxim that the people are the source of power, that govern- ment rests on their consent: or that representation and taxation must go together: or those grand ideas embodied as the soul of the nation in the Declaration 19 of Independence. These had all been proclaimed be- fore — away back in the 10th and 15th centuries, in the States-General of France, in the Parliament of England, and, to say nothing more, embodied in the grand writings of Milton and Locke and Sidney. Once more: as the learned look upon us, they think it nothing singular that these colonies should have formed the Union which they thought so mar- vellous. There had been Unions from the earliest ages; there had been successful struggles to throw off arbitrar}' power, — and so they saw nothing original or peculiar in this. The result pronounced original and wonderful was the triumph of peace. In the ten years that led to the Kevolutionary War, there had been kept before the public mind the idea of forming an American Constitution, an American Commonwealth; and when the demand for indepen- dence, or a nation, became definite, there also were convictions of the necessity of forming a republi- can government. So that these great ideas were cor- relative in their growth. At length, when the war was over, there was ordained and established by the people a constitution for the United States, to en- sure domestic tranquillity and secure the blessings of liberty. It was done in each State by its sovereignty. As the same sovereign power in each State had es- tablished local governments in the State, it estab- lished a government for these States in union, or the political unit of the United States, in order to meet their wants as one people and one country. Their creative acts, local and general, were not divisions 20 of sovereignty, but tlie simple exercise of sovereign power, limiting the people themselves, as well as their agents, in the discharge of political duties. Their result, the constitutions, were not ends, but means of preserving the public life and promoting the public good, and as such were sacredly obliga- tory on all. But they were valuable only as they contributed to this object, and when they proved in- adequate to embody the living spirit, the people who created them in the same way could alter them. The sovereignty, though quiescent, remained intact, ready to exercise its poAver again when the progress of society should require changes in the organic law. This American production, this great republican government, was the original contribution of the American Kevolution to mankind. In the hands of the American race. — that which nsed to be called such before the Kevolution, consist- ing of people from different lands, who came hei'e to this asylum of liberty and constituted a new race, with new ideas, new aspirations, new hopes, a new public life, — how grandly did our republic take its place in the family of the nations! How population increased! How States multiplied! How enter- prises sprung up all over the land! How civil- ization shot on toAvards the Pacific coast! The dream of j^athaniel Ames, the father of the re- nowned Fisher Ames, was more than realized. He was a maker of almanacs, and in the year 1758, he wrote two or three pages about the condition and prospects of America. He saw the great path 21 of progress, like the sun, from the east to the west, to these shores; and he saw the path of the gospel, hke the sun, from the east to the west; and so he goes on to picture what will be when the immense resources of this country, to the Pacific Ocean, shall be developed. How some of the stones shall be quarried and made into monuments to commemorate those who were then endeavoring to save their coun- try, — Washington was then on the stage, — and how others should be fashioued into forms of beauty and art. And after depicting the results of this progress, he says: "Oh, ye unborn inhabitants of America, when your eyes shall behold the sun after he has rolled the seasons round for two or three cen- turies more, you will know that in 1758, we dreamed of your times." The adaptation of the republican government to the wants of the people excited the admiration of the liberal world. Perhaps of all the great men abroad who have measui-ed us, and who are capa- ble of appreciating us, none have been better quali- fied to pronounce a judgment on the relative value of governments than the late Lord Brougham. In an elaborate work published in eighteen hundred and fifty-three, he reviews all the governments which have been established since the world began, and dwells particularly on the government of the United States. He especially examines the method adopted to keep the local and national legislatures within the spheres of the powers allotted to them, and into the authority conferred on the local supreme courts, and on that august tribunal of the nation, — the Supreme 00, Court of the United States, — to declare acts violative of the organic law to be void; and he pronounces the "means devised the very greatest refinement of social j)robity to which any state of circamstances has given rise, or to which any age has given birth." These means proved adequate to meet the exigen- cies of every case of peace and war for seventy years, however violent might have been the party fury. "When, early in this century, the crj^ of disunion was raised at the iSTorth, the word went through the press and from public meetings, that only the power that made the constitution could alter it; that it must stand unchanged until the voice of three fourths of the States should pronounce in favor of a change. When disunion appeared in the South, in the ad- ministration of President Jackson, he pronounced in his proclamation " disunion by armed force to be treason'-; and he called on the people to maintain the Union. In responding to this call, Daniel Webster, in Faneuil Hall, uttered Avords that deserve to be treasured in every American heart: "When the standard of the Union is raised, and waves o'er my head, — the standard which Washington planted on the I'am parts of the constitution, — God foi'bid that I should inquire whom the people have commissioned to bear it up. I cuily ask in what manner I can best dischai'ge my duty in defending it." (Applause.) Agitations to dissolve the Union were kept up for thirty years. At length, in April, 1801, a combiua- tion for this purpose culminated in the act of war in the bombardinent ol'Fort Suuipter. The intelligence 23 stirred the nation like an electric shock. Then arose the issue : Whether the great repiibUcan govern- ment, estnblished by the toil and blood and hibor of the men of the Revohition, should stand or fall. President Lincoln, who will be revered through all time as the martyr president, true to his duty, issued his proclamation calling for seventy-five thousand of the militia of the several States, ■'' to maintaiu the honor, the integrity, and the existence of our national Union, and the perpetuity of popular government." The uprising among twenty-two millions of the pop- ulation to meet the call of the law was a revelation of the strength of the historic force born of the Rev- olution, of which some Americans, even, had no con- ception. A requisition for troops, pursuant to this call of the president, came to this community through our great-hearted governor, John A, Andrew, of blessed memory. (Ilearty applause.) The thrill in this community when the fifth regiment, including the two military companies of this city, — the Charles- town Artillery and the City Guards, — was ordered to the field, can never be forgotten. Their rolls bore the names of young men who w^ere the pride of our city. They, not long before, had promptly obeyed a summons from the local authorities to suppress a mob, and in the spirit of patriotic duty, they as promptly answered the call to defend their country. "I," said one, "don't want to kill anybody; I don't want anybody to kill me; but I want to serve my country." Another, foreign born, said, with tears in 24 liis eyes, " T liope this country is not to be broken up; it is the only country in which the poor man has his rif^hts." (Applause.) This was the spirit in which the young men of these two companies en- listed in the service of the United States. They were pioneers of other companies, composed of young men of like patriotic impulses, of like aims, which, during the four years, that seemed four ages in their passage, answered similar calls. Besides these, as recruits were demanded, there were enlist- ments in the navy as well as the army; so that Charlestovvn furnished 4,307 men for the war, which was a surplus of 111 over all demands. One hun- dred and twenty of these were commissioned offi- cers. The amount expended by the city during the war was $168,654. The amount paid for aid to sol- diers' fixmilies, which was returned by the Common- wealth, was 1175,771. By ftir the greater number of the four thousand who went from this place were born here, or were identified with our interests. They were solid young men, whose precious lives were dear to us all. They stood on many a battle-field under the renowned commanders. They were in the opening scene, under the veteran of two wars, General Scott; they were in the conflicts from the land of the Potomac to the valley of the Mississippi; they were under General Grant at the final surrender. They were in worse than the thick of the battle. They underwent the lingering torments of the brutalities of Southern l)risons, and wherever they were, they proved worthy 25 to bear the name of Banker Hill. (Loud applause.) Their merit was m standing, with their lives in their hands, in front, and defending the flag which Wash- ington first unfurled; and God he praised that so many have returned and are here to-day to join with us in this commemoration! Some, in the Providence of God, were borne home tenderly on their shields. It does not require length of days, or many deeds, to win immortality. A single act done in the right spirit, at the right time, and for a good cause, will secure it. An honored inhabitant, whose remains lie in yonder burial hill, had the great thought of devoting one half of his estate to found a college; and through all time, the name of John Har- vard will be dear to the lovers of learning. I hold in my hand a roll of names of those who went out fi'om this city and laid down their lives in the cause of their country, Avho were brought home and buried here. I have not time to read them. Others sleep in unknown graves; but these are not forgotten when their comrades strew flowers on the graves of those that are known. The remains of some, during the war, were consigned, with every mark of respect, to their last resting-place. Such were Henry Todd, Benjamin G. Blanchard, George S. Prebble, George Devreaux, Philip B. Holmes, Joseph P. Hubbell, Ansel P. Kellam, Luther V. Bell, N. C. Golbert, James O'Brien. And of those who died of lingering disease I cannot forbear to name the successive com- manders of the City Guard, John T. Boyd and Caleb Drew. These were types of the beauty of our Israel, 26 of the varied excellence of character and nobility ot natnre, who died that our nation might live. The memory of snch is as perennial as the spring, and as fragrant as its flowers. It is simple justice to this community to say, that from the beginning to the close of these acts of solid loyalty to the country, it was as one substantial man- ifestation of interest. They forgot that in matters of politics they were ranged parties; that they wor- shipped at difierent altars. They were as one in sustaining the government. Foremost in patriotism were the daughters of our city. The hardest trials to bear were those in the homes which the sailor and the soldier went forth to defend; and here were heroism and self-sacrifice, as the wife, the mother, and the sister encouraged and cheered the parting hour, and endured the painful suspense of the vacant chair. They entered at once iipon the noble work of relief, and were the first in the loyal States to enter upon it systematically. They did not grow weary in it, and every new call found their hands ready for fresh labor. And so they cared for the families of the men in the field needing assistance, and they sent to the soldier at the front substantial comforts, which were so many perpetual reminders that loving eyes were following his peril- ous marches. This nerved his arm and strengthened his heart to meet the merciless storm of iron hail. Special occasions elicited an expression of the deep feeling that pervaded the whole community which can never be forgotten. I select two for 27 illustrations. One was the demonstration when the two companies — the Artillery and the City Guard — departed for the war, when there was an escort of four thousand of the inhabitants, Avith General Joseph F. Boyd at their head, who had three sons in the City Guard. The other was the ovation given to the soldiers on their return from the war, when welcome, joy, respect, and gratitude were spoken in every form which ingenuity could devise, but most of all in the warm personal greetings of a patriotic community. This was not a transient feeling. It was deep. It was abiding. It was fxithfuUy em- bodied by the successive city governments in their varied action. If any citizen has demurred at the appropriations from the city treasury to provide for the wants of the soldiers, or to meet the calls of the government, it has escaped my observation. In testimony of the profound gratitude to the soldier and the sailor, we erect this monument. It stands in an ancient enclosure, as old as Charlestown, set apart by its founders to nurture one of the funda- mental institutions of N^ew -England, — the militia. It stands in the midst of temples of learning, in which the young are trained to the work of serving their country; of the altars of religion, where we are reminded of our dependence upon Almighty God for all we enjoy; and in the midst of our homes, where are always the nurseries of true patriotism. It is symbolic of the country whicli protects all that is sacred. One of the earliest references to such a symbol occurs in the newspapers at the period of the 28 stamp act. One hears a wail in the forest. It is America singing to her children. "An heavenly dame, Hei" form was all divine ; An azure mantle starred with geins ]j00se from her shoulders hung, — A golden harp shone in her hand/' Her song then was inspired by the " horrid clank of chains." The America of the symbol before ns beams with the smile of beneficence and satisfac- tion. She holds in her hand the wreath she rejoic- ingly is abont to place on the soldier and the sailor. They arc at rest now, but they are on the lookout, — keen-eyed, eager. They stand foi* the men of Blinker Hill, who are ever ready to answer to the call of their country. In the presence of the gifted artist, Martin Milmoi'c, I need not say more than that by the touch of genius he has produced a life- like group which plainly tells its story. (Loud applause.) The monument bears a simple inscription: '^'In honor of the men of Charlestown, who in the war of 1861 fought for the preservation of the Union." At the cost of an expenditure of blood and treasure of which history has no parallel, there is but one re- public, with one constitution and one government under it; one country and one flag. The same sov- ereign power which ordained and established the constitution, has, by an amendment, prohi])ited slav- ery forever. Tliis great republican government to-day stands stronger than ever, — stronger in the 29 afieetioiis of the people, stronger in the respect and admiration of the world. The great lesson of to-day — the lesson of the awful providence which we have seen — is, that whatever changes are to come in our government must be made under the law. Whoever, under whatever pretext, undertakes to make changes outside of the law, is an anarchist, and the only way to be true to liberty and true to social order is to put him down by physical force. (Applause.) This monument is erected to those who have sought to preserve the Union. Young men, as you look upon that loftier monument, it tells the story of the heroism, the self-sacrifice, the treasure, and the blood required to establish the Union; and as you look at this monument to-day, it will tell you that whenever called upon again to rally to the standard of the law, a grateful community will bear you in remembrance. (Loud applause.) The interesting exercises concluded witli the singing of Keller's American H3ann, and music b}^ Edmauds' Band. vr \-uriljKt.ii> 014 013 487 9 "r "-UMUKtib I Hill 014 013 487 9 LIBHAKY Ul- UUNUH 014 013 487 HoUingier dH S3