Grammar 
 
 BAKELE LANGUAGE, 
 
 VOCABULARIES 
 
 MISSIONARIES OF THE A. B. C. F. M., 
 
 GABOON STATION, WESTERN AFRICA. 
 
 UUUCbr^i^ y ,. 
 
 
 
 PRINTED BY J, P. PRALL, No. 9 SPRUCE- STREET 
 
 1854. 
 
P1j«377 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 It is now a well established fact, that all the inhabitants 
 of Africa, south of the Mountains of the Moon, with the excep- 
 tion of a few Arabs along the Eastern shores, and the Hoten- 
 tots, Namakwas, and a few other small tribes near the Cape of 
 Good Hope, belong to one great family or branch of the negro 
 race, and all speak dialects of the same language. To this 
 great family belong the Corisco, Mpongwe, Loango, Kongo, 
 and Dongo tribes of Western Africa ; the Kafirs, the Beck- 
 nans, and the Zulus of the Cape of Good Hope ; the Mozam- 
 bique, Swahere, and other tribes on the Eastern Coast, and 
 others as far interior as the country has been explored. 
 
 This great family of languages is variously denominated the 
 Kafir, the Nilotic, and the Ethiopic language. It is essentially 
 and radically different from all the dialects spoken in Northern 
 Guinea, and in Central Northern Africa. 
 
 The Bakele is a dialect of this great family of languages. 
 The people by whom it is spoken are known as the Akeli peo- 
 ple. They are to be found in Western Africa, near the head 
 v iters of the Gaboon, but extending several degrees both North 
 and South of the equator. The Corisco, Mpongwe, and Cape 
 Lopez tribes occupy the country between them and the sea coast, 
 and the Pangwes (a large tribe who have recently descend- 
 ed from the mountainous regions of the interior) have taken 
 possession of all the country between them and the " Sierra del 
 Crystal" mountains. 
 
 It is difficult to form a correct estimate of the population of 
 the Bakele people, but it is probable that they do not fall short 
 of 100,000. 
 
 They have all the physical characteristics of the great family 
 to which they belong. Their complexion is not so dark as that 
 of the tribes between them and the sea coast, and not so light 
 as those in the rear of them, who have more recently emerged 
 from the mountainous regions of the interior. 
 
IV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 In stature they are something below the medium size of the 
 maratime tribes, and their bodies are disproportionably long to 
 their legs. They are mild, peaceable, and timid, but are fre- 
 quently embroiled, nevertheless, in petty wars with each other, 
 and with the surrounding tribes. They cultivate the soil to a 
 limited extent, are a good deal addicted to hunting, and since 
 they have reached the maratime country, they have become 
 much engaged in trading, acting as factors between the 
 Mpongwe and the Pangwe tribes. 
 
 Their language, though obviously of the same family as the 
 Mpongwe, differs very materially as a dialect. The Bakele 
 has a larger number of declensions than the Mpongwe, and its 
 adjectives and pronouns, consequently, are more flexible and 
 complicated. 
 
 It has but few of the conjugations of the verb which form so 
 conspicuous a feature in the Mpongwe, and it makes very little 
 use of the passive voice, which is just the reverse of the usage 
 in Mpongwe. 
 
 The verbal resemblances are not very striking. Perhaps 
 one word out of ten is the same, or obviously from the same 
 root. The orthography of the two differ very materially, and, 
 in this respect, the Bakele is more like the dialects of the East- 
 ern coast than the Mpongwe, particularly in the frequent use of 
 tit, which is unknown to the latter, but very common in the 
 dialects near Zanzibar. 
 
 The Bakele Grammar has been prepared by the joint labors 
 of Messrs. Preston and Best, of the Mission of the American 
 Board at the Gaboon ; both of whom have resided several years 
 among the Bakele people, and have made themselves thoroughly 
 acquainted with their language. Their future researches may 
 bring to light, some additional facts in connection with the 
 structure of the language, but its general principles are well 
 understood and succinctly set forth in the following pages, and 
 must be of great service to those who may hereafter labor 
 among this people. The appearance of this Grammar affords 
 another proof of the indebtedness of science and scientific men 
 to the incidental labors of modern missionaries. 
 
 J. Leighton Wilson. 
 
 New-York, Jan. 14-th, 1854. 
 
ORTHOGRAPHY. 
 
 1. The vowel sounds which occur in this language are a, 
 sounded as a in father, a as a in all, e as a in hate, e as e in met, 
 i as i in machine, % as i in pin, o as o in note, 6 as o in not, and 
 u as oo in moon. 
 
 2. Each of these vowels has also a nasal sound, which is 
 represented by nh written after it ; as mbanh, house, nkdnh, the 
 back, rnbenh, good, kink, the neck. 
 
 3. When two or more vowels come together they run into 
 each other, and ai especially, pronounced like i in pine. 
 
 4. In some words i is changed to «-, especially by old people, 
 as bia no, changed to bua, sha lubihi to sha lubuku. 
 
 5. The consonant sounds are 5, d, g, h,j, k, I, m, n,p, s, tf, 
 w, w, 2/, s, and are sounded as English. G is always hard ; d 
 has in some words a mixed sound, as if preceded by an 1, 
 which is not represented in writing ; th is always sounded as 
 the same letters are in the, that; ty is sounded as ch in chair. 
 
 6. Two and sometimes three consonants come together at 
 the beginning of a word ; as, mputyi, custom, ngbom.a, to bark 
 (as a dog). They are pronounced as i, preceded by a very 
 short e. 
 
 T. These when initials belong mostly to nouns and pronouns, 
 and the nouns in forming the plural take a prefix syllable, 
 whose final is a or i, and then these consonants are separated ; 
 e.g mbia, plural, bam bia ; mbelca, pi., mim-beka. And in any 
 case when a word ending in a vowel precedes a word beginning 
 with two or more consonants, the vowel draws to itself a con- 
 sonant. 
 
 8. Consonants are sometimes interchanged, as ihangdkd for 
 langaka. When also in the course of inflecting the verb, d 
 comes to be followed by i, the d is changed into j j as londa, 
 lonjime ; and when in like circumstances t is followed by % y is 
 introduced between them ; as tata tatyiki. Here also is to be 
 placed ^1 tyi) instead of pe tz, out there. 
 
BaJcele Grammar, 
 
 ETYMOLOGY. 
 
 The parts of speech in Bakele are — nouns, pronouns, adject- 
 ives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections. 
 
 NOUNS. 
 
 Bakele nouns have number and classification or declension, 
 but no separate forms to distinguish gender or case. 
 
 There are two ways of distinguishing gender. The first is by 
 placing ramfo', woman, or shangwe, father, before the noun, while 
 the noun, whose gender is to be distinguished, is connected with 
 it by the particle, called the " definite pronoun," which agrees 
 in declension and number with miali or shangwe, thus ; miali 
 wimboli, a she-goat ; ?niali mimboli, or mibimboli, she-goats ; 
 miali wikuba, a hen ; miali mibakuba, hens ; shanh ngwam- 
 boli, a he-goat ; bashanh babimboli, or bamboli, he-goats ; shanh 
 ngwakuba, cock, basha babakuba, cocks. 
 
 The other and more usual way of distinguishing the gender, 
 is by placing the same words, miali and shangwe after the nouns. 
 They are then regularly declined as adjectives; (see declension 
 of adjectives below) thus, for the first declension : 
 
 Amboli yimiali, a she-goat. 
 
 Bimboli bimiali, she-goats. 
 
 Amboli yishangwe, a he-goat. 
 
 Bimboli bibashangwe, or bashangwe, he-goats. 
 
 Note. — Miana, child, forms its masculine by taking mithom, 
 man, as an adjective after it, and sometimes other words take 
 it instead of shangwe. 
 
 Cases. — The nominative and objective cases of nouns are 
 alike, but personal and definite pronouns (which see) have sepa- 
 rate forms for the objective case. 
 
 "When the noun to be put in the possessive case is the name 
 of an animal or thing, it is placed after the noun which governs 
 it, and connected to it by the definite pronoun ; which takes 
 the number and declension of the governing noun, thus ; tyityi 
 ngwa penje, a beast of the field ; batyityi ba penje, beasts of 
 the field; vindni vi thobe, a fowl of the air; landni la thoM, 
 fowls of the air. Ngwa, vi, la and ba, agree in number and 
 classification with the nouns that precede them. 
 
 But when the word is the name of the Deity, a j)erson or a 
 relative, which refers to persons, the syllable mbi is suffixed to 
 
Etymology. 7 
 
 the definite pronouns, thus ; mitJiali mimbi Anyambie, the laws 
 of God ; mbanh wumbi Bony we, Bongwe's house ; abobi yimbi 
 nja, whose hat ? 
 
 Sometimes this particle is wholly dropped, and they say, 
 akoldl Maldngd, Malanga's town. 
 
 Again, mbi only is retained, thus ; nyanh mbi Piter, Peter's 
 mother. 
 
 NUMBER AND CLASSIFICATION. 
 
 • 
 
 Nouns have two numbers, the singular and the plural. But 
 some nouns are used only in the singular, others only in the 
 plural, while others have only one form for both numbers. 
 
 There are nine classes or declensions of nouns. The manner 
 of forming the plural and the forms, which the definite pronoun, 
 adjective, etc. take, when relating to, or qualifying different 
 nouns, determine classification. Thus, it is said of two Latin 
 or Greek nouns, naturally neuter y one is masculine, because 
 it takes a masculine form of the adjective ; and the other is 
 feminine, because it takes a feminine form of the adjective. 
 
 FIRST DECLENSION. 
 
 This declension includes all nouns beginning with a and j, 
 (except jombi,) and forms the plural by changing a and j into 
 hi. thus : 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 
 Avata, 
 Abobi, 
 Jeli, 
 
 bivata, 
 bibobi, 
 bieli, 
 
 Chest. 
 Hat. 
 Tree. - 
 
 Note. — Some nouns belonging to this declension have two 
 plurals, thus: Sing. — Ashu ; Plur. — oishu, or mashu. The 
 plural form mashu, belongs to the second declension. 
 
 SECOND DECLENSION. 
 
 This embraces all nouns beginning with di, and forms the 
 plural by changing di into ma; but if di is followed by a 
 vowel, di is changed into m only, thus : 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 
 Dikdki, 
 Diashika, 
 Didli, 
 Dieki, 
 
 makdki, 
 mashika, 
 mdli, 
 meki, 
 
 a stone, 
 a door, 
 the nape, 
 a law. 
 
 Dioi, 
 
 moi, 
 
 voice. 
 
6 BakeU Grammar. 
 
 Exceptions. — Dina, name, makes mina, names, in the plural ; 
 and dish% eye, changes to mishl, eyes. 
 
 Note 1. — Du, fire, belongs to this declension, and forms the 
 plural mu ; dumba, cargo, makes mumba, cargoes ; and dushl a 
 brush, changes to mus/n, brushes. 
 
 Note 2. — To this class belong the nouns which are names 
 of liquids, and some others, which have no singular ; as, mad- 
 iba, water ; mali, oil ; makanjika, sap ; makieinba, salt, etc. 
 
 Note 3. — Manga, the manatus, has the same form in both 
 numbers, and belongs to the plural of this declension. 
 
 THIRD DECLENSION. 
 
 This declension includes nouns beginning'with /, m, n, and 
 ih, and forms the plural by prefixing the syllable mi, thus : 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 
 Lema, 
 
 milema, 
 
 heart. 
 
 Mbeka, 
 
 mimbeka, 
 
 hill. 
 
 flkoma, 
 
 minkoma, 
 
 ring. 
 
 Thali, 
 
 mithali, 
 
 law. 
 
 Note 1. — It must not be understood that all nouns beginning 
 with Z, m, ?i, etc., are of the third declension, but only such as 
 form the plural as above. They are to be learned from the 
 vocabulary and interpreters. 
 
 Note 2. — Gwana, mouth, makes miana / mai, the belly, 
 makes miai ; mulie, the head, miulie\ munh, a corpse, miunh. 
 
 Note 3. — Miaka, miaya, mianhya, mienhye mienji, miebe, 
 mieli, miethe, mielia, minyungwa, take adjectives after them, 
 of the same form as other nouns of this declension ; but they 
 are not changed to form the plural. 
 
 Note 4. — Mbo, the arm, forms mabo in the plural, and nkothi, 
 the leg, makothi ; the singular belonging to this, and the plu- 
 ral to seventh declension. 
 
 Note 5. — Moka, the sole-fish, makes mioka in the plural. 
 Its singular takes adjectives of the second declension plural, 
 and its plural belongs to this declension. 
 
 FOURTH DECLENSION. 
 
 This embraces nouns beginning with g, k, m, n,p, s and t, 
 and forms the plural by prefixing the syllable ba to the singu- 
 lar, thus : 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 
 Gwdle, 
 
 bagw&U, 
 
 the ear. 
 
 Koshe, 
 
 bakoshe, 
 
 a parrot, etc, 
 
Etymology. 9 
 
 Note 1. — Yerbal nouns, representing the agent of the action, 
 expressed by the verb, and a few common nouns, which begin 
 with n, drop the n in forming the plural, thus : Njothi, pi. 
 bajothi, a killer ; nlonJi, pi. balonh, a builder; nkdthd, pi. 5a&- 
 «tfM, a bachelor. 
 
 Note 2. — Mutyi, a person, makes 5o^, people, in the plural ; 
 miana, a child, bana / and mana, the mullet, bana. These forms 
 are all^evidently euphonic contractions. 
 
 FIFTH DECLENSION. 
 
 This declension includes nouns beginning with I and ih, and 
 forms the plural by changing the first syllable into ma, thus : 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 
 Langaka, 
 
 mangaka, 
 
 the head 
 
 Thapatha, 
 
 majpatha, 
 
 a hoof. 
 
 SIXTH DECLENSION. 
 
 This includes a few nouns beginning in la, and drops this 
 syllable to form the plural, thus : 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 
 Zanyui, 
 Lanyatha, 
 
 nyu,i, 
 nyatha, 
 
 honey-bee, 
 a flea. 
 
 Note 1. — Some nouns of this declension form also a plural, 
 like the fifth declension, thus: 
 
 SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
 
 «*|S*, theend ' 
 
 SEVENTH DECLENSION. 
 
 This embraces some nouns beginning with m, n, p, s, t, and 
 forms the plural by prefixing ma, thus : 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 
 
 mambute, 
 manjali, 
 mapenje, 
 masheba, 
 
 bottle, 
 gun. 
 world, 
 ivory. 
 
10 BaMle Grammar. 
 
 EIGHTH DECLENSION. 
 
 This contains most nouns which begin with vi ; and forms 
 the plural by changing vi into la ; but when vi is followed by 
 a vowel the a is dropped, thus : 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 
 Yilamhe, 
 Yionji) 
 
 lalambe, 
 lonji y 
 
 a trap, 
 a hatchet. 
 
 Note 1. — Yeia, firewood, makes leia ; vina makes mina, its 
 singular belonging to this, and its plural to the third declension. 
 
 NINTH DECLENSION. 
 
 This embraces a few nouns beginning with hi ; and forms its 
 plural by changing hi into ma; but if hi be followed by a 
 vowel, a is dropped, thus : 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 
 Biwohi, 
 
 mawobi, 
 
 a piece of cloth. 
 
 Biali, 
 
 mali, 
 
 canoe. 
 
 Note 1. — The following are irregular, but take adjectives of 
 the ninth declension, viz.: hoshe pi., maboshe, face; hidnh pi., 
 mank, brain ; bisliikwe, ph, mahishikwe, back-yard ; huli^ pi., 
 muli, a cavern. 
 
 VEBBAL NOUNS. 
 
 There are four ways of forming verbal nouns. First : They 
 are mostly formed by prefixing hi to the second person singular 
 of the imperative mood, and simply express the meaning of the 
 verb, as we sometimes in English use the infinitive mood, thus : 
 to hate, hihenika. 
 
 Note 1. — Many of the verbs ending in tha, tha and the^form 
 their verbal by prefixing hi to the radical form of the verb, as 
 bishambitha, to arrange. Others place hi before, and ni after 
 the radical, to form this verbal, as bijaliani to rest. 
 
 The second way of forming verbal nouns, is to prefix di to 
 the radical. This forms nouns of the second declension, which 
 mostly have the same meaning as English participial nouns. 
 But some are simple nouns, as, matoka, wants or desires. 
 
 Note. — This verbal (with a slight I sound before the d,) is 
 often used with^, where in English we use an infinitive mood, 
 
Etymology. 11 
 
 thus : ska nySngi pe dinanh, fear not to take ; ngwa bialie %>8 
 dldi abotyi, who is born to be king. 
 
 It is used with na in the second member of a clause or sen- 
 tence, as a minji na dikishe beshe, he came and saved us. 
 
 The third forms nouns of agency of the fourth declension, 
 (note 1, fourth dec.) by prefixing?! to the radical, and changing 
 the last vowel into i ; thus, njibi, thief. But if i precedes the 
 final vowel, the final is dropped ; thus, njeli, a teacher, from 
 jelie, to teach. 
 
 The fourth class of verbal nouns may be called abstract 
 nouns. They express the mode of existence, or the manner of 
 performing the action implied in the verb. Their meaning and 
 difference from verbals of the second declension, may be illus- 
 trated by a few English words, thus : Dikie, gomg,nkiebia, gait. 
 Many verbs can form verbals of this class and signification, that 
 will not admit those of the second class, thus ; laba, to be long, 
 forms nlabia, length; nene, to be large, forms nenia, length. 
 
 They are formed by an initial prefix and a terminational 
 change. Verbs beginning with b andjp, prefix m; all others 
 (except those beginning with m and n, which have no prefix) 
 take n. The final syllable is changed into ia, unless it already 
 thus end ; thus, from bena, to hate, is formed mbenia, hatred ; 
 kuba, to work, nkubia, a manner of working. But if the final 
 have a k in it, the change is into kwa / thus, dctkd, to be weary, 
 makes ndakwa, weariness ; and if it have a t, the change is into 
 tya ; thus, kata, to cut; nkatya, a manner of cutting. Poly- 
 syllables in tha, tha, etc., change into a; thus, pimbitha, to 
 wipe off, makes mpimbia. Verbs ending in da, terminate 
 the nouns in ja / lenja, to dawn, nlenja / penda, to plait 
 (the hair,) mpenja. These as well as those in kwa and tya, 
 are evidently euphonic. Nasal terminations change to ngwa, 
 thus ; nanh, to take ; nangwa, shanh, to mend, nshangiva. 
 Nya, to come, makes njebia; kie, to go, makes nkiebia. 
 
 PKONOUNS. 
 
 There are four kinds of pronouns ; the Personal, Kelative, 
 Adjective, and Definitive. 
 
 PERSONAL PEONOUNS. 
 
 These have number and person, but no gender. 
 
 The second and third persons, both singular and plural, have 
 forms for the objective case, which are farther modified when 
 governed by, and incorporated with certain prepositions. 
 
 Emphatic forms, rendered more so by intonation, are used 
 both singular and plural, as also a suffix for self. The following 
 is a table of the simple pronouns : 
 
12 Bakele Grammar. 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 NOMINATIVE. OBJECTIVE. EMPHATIC. 
 
 1st person, Me, me, meni. 
 
 2d " We, we, gwe and agwe, weni. 
 
 3d " A, je, or ye, ye, yeni ovjeni. 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 1st person, Beshe ba, teste. 
 
 2d " Be ba, bewe and begwe, begwe. 
 
 3d " Ba ba, &A, ^Tji. 
 
 Note 1. — Mete is suffixed to each of the personal pronouns, 
 with the force of self, but not reflexively. When they wish to 
 put myself, etc., in the objective case, they use the middle voice 
 of the verb, or the word for body, thus : ba ba palm manyuli 
 mabi, they praise their bodies, i. e. themselves. 
 
 Note 2. — Ba properly belongs to the definite pronoun, but is 
 used with the personal pronouns before all verbs, except when 
 the negative particles sha ovtyi intervene, though the omission 
 of it before these particles is not uniform. 
 
 Note 3. — The preposition na is often incorporated with these 
 pronouns, thus instead of na we they say ?uhe, for na ye 
 nei, na beshe becomes na she, and na ba, na bi, but sometimes 
 the full form is used. 
 
 Note 4. — Beshe, be and ba, are often used as singular, when 
 other nouns or pronouns are connected with them ; as b& na nya- 
 ngwe, he and his mother. 
 
 There is also a change of form when pronouns of different 
 persons are compounded with the preposition na j as, be na, I 
 and you (sing.), bena, I and you (pi.), beshi nei, I and he ; 
 beshi na, I and they ; bend nei, I and you and he ; nana, with 
 me and you, in the objective case. For pronouns governed 
 by^e and word, see prepositions. 
 
 RELATIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 The definite pronoun in all declensions is used as a relative. 
 (See def. pron.) 
 
 INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 These are nja, who, what; ni } which; and nd%, what ; which 
 are regularly declined through all declensions. 
 
 When the question refers to persons, nja is used ; as nja 
 ka nani f who says so ? botyi banja banaba f what people are 
 those ? 
 
 Sometimes nja is irregularly used before the noun, without 
 declension ; as, nja a duhwa, what time ? instead of adukwa 
 yirija ; nja busha, what day ; instead of busha binja. 
 
Etymology. 13 
 
 JVja is also frequently used, referring to things ; as, mabongwe 
 mati manja, what words are those ? Put in the possessive case 
 (see possessive case of nouns), after any noun, it means whose, 
 thus ; mbanh wumbi nja f whose house ? 
 
 Ni is used interrogatively, like which, in English, thus ; avata 
 yini ? which chest ? 
 
 Ndi is chiefly used absolutely ; as a ja na nd%, what does 
 he say ? a thi Mima nd% what is he doing ? 
 
 ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 These have number and declension ; and are, with few excep- 
 tions, placed after the noun, and next to it, in the sentence. 
 The remarks and illustrations of the possessive pronouns which 
 immediately follow, will equally apply to all adjective pronouns 
 and adjectives also. So that having understood declension in 
 its reference to a possessive pronoun, it is understood for all. 
 
 It may be seen under the head of the declension of nouns, 
 that the plurals of several declensions are alike; and they 
 might be ranged under one declension, if they did not take 
 different forms of adjectives, and adjective pronouns in the 
 singular, thus ; dikalci, stone ; langalca, head ; njetha, path ; all 
 form plurals in ma; but their singulars take different forms of 
 the pronoun, thus : 
 
 Dihd? diamS, my rock. 
 Zangakd lame, my head. 
 Njetha nyame, my path. 
 
 The plural form for my is the same in all, viz., mami; but 
 this difference of the singular holds through all the adjective 
 pronouns and adjectives, and is the real cause of difference in 
 declension. 
 
 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 Possessive pronouns correspond to the possessive cases of 
 personal pronouns in English, viz. : my, thy, his, hers, etc., 
 thus; dina diame, my name; dina diaye, thy name; dina 
 diei, his, hers, or its name ; diashi, diani, diabi, our, your, 
 their. 
 
 There are yet others, to which we have none corresponding 
 in English. JVga, another's ; as dina dinga, another's name ; 
 dina diana, my and thy name ; dina diana, my and your 
 name. 
 
 When these are used without a noun expressed, an n or m is 
 prefixed, except when the pronoun begins with one of those let- 
 ters, thus; whose name is this? ndiami, mine. 
 2 
 
14 Bakele Grammar. 
 
 The following table will show the possessive pronoun my, in 
 each declension : 
 
 1st Declension — Singular, Avata jame, my chest. 
 
 " Plural, Itivata biame, my chests. 
 
 2d " Singular, Dina diame, my name. 
 
 " Plural, Mina mame, my names. 
 
 3d " Singular, Lema gwame, my heart. 
 
 " Plural, Milema miame, my hearts. 
 
 4th " Singular, Mbia ngwame, my dog. 
 
 " Plural, Bambia bame, my dogs. 
 
 5th " Singular, Langaka lame, my head. 
 
 " Plural, Mangaka mame, my heads. 
 
 6th " Singular, Lakajpi lame, my paddle. 
 
 u Plural, Ka/pi nyame, my paddles. 
 
 7th " Singular, Njali nyame, my gun. 
 
 " Plural, Manjali mame, my guns. 
 
 8th " Singular, Vionji mame, my ax. 
 
 Plural, Lonji lame, my axes. 
 9th " Singular, Biali blame, my canoe. 
 
 Plural, Mali mame, my canoes. 
 
 Note 1. — In all these ways is the pronoun my, varied in the 
 different declensions. And every adjective, and adjective 
 pronoun, has similar variations for a like purpose. 
 
 Note 2. — In the fourth declension there is some irregularity 
 in the application of these principles, both to adjectives and 
 pronouns. Many words take only the root of the adjective and 
 pronoun, thus ; miali ame, ei, ashi, ani, abi, my, his, our, your, 
 their woman. 
 
 Others in the second person singular place yd before the 
 noun, as yo miali. But as these words are in constant use, we 
 might expect contractions and changes. 
 
 Sometimes the pronoun is placed before, in other persons, 
 and then it assumes the same form as when used alone ; as, a 
 thi na ndiei dina, he has his name. 
 
 A careful study of the annexed table of declensions will render 
 farther illustrations unnecessary, and make every thing plain. 
 
 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 These are yi, this ; yindyi and yiti, that; whose declensions 
 may be seen in the annexed table. 
 
 Note 1. — The use of yinayi is limited to some present object; 
 as, alombi yinayi, that thing ; while yitl is unlimited in time 
 or place. 
 
 Note 2. — Yinayi is variously contracted in the singular. 
 Now its first syllable is dropped ; as, ndi nayi, what is that ? 
 
Etymology. 15 
 
 Again its first and last syllables are clipped; as mutyi na, 
 that man. 
 
 DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 The singular of the indefinite pronoun for all, jesM, is used 
 to a limited extent for each and ever} 7 ; thus, ngothoma nyesM, 
 each or every evening. Its plural also is frequently used, 
 where in English we use every ; as, bilombi bieshe hi beshejene, 
 every thing which we see. 
 
 INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. 
 
 These are wcikci (changed to paha in the seventh declension), 
 other, another, some, and jeshe, all. Walca repeated, thus; 
 waled — waled, one — another ; repeated in the plural, some — 
 others. 
 
 DEFINITE PRONOUNS. 
 
 This part of speech, under different names, belongs to all the 
 dialects of Africa, south of the " Mountains of the Moon." In 
 South Africa, it is called "Alliteral Concord ;" but not properly, 
 as we think here. If it carried forward the first letter or syllable 
 of the noun before it, to verbs, adjectives, adjective pronouns, 
 and nouns, it might be so termed. But it does not always, nor 
 generally do so, in any of the dialects known to the writer. It 
 amounts; to this in many words in this language, but it has 
 other and very important uses. 
 
 First : It interposes itself between all nouns (except those 
 of the fourth declension, sing.) and the verbs which they gov- 
 ern, as an apposition pronoun, having the same case, number 
 and declension, as the noun, thus ; ashangangob yika nani, the 
 book, it says so / dioba di valia, the sun, he rises / leteli lahwa, 
 the stars, they fall. Yi, di and la, are different forms of the 
 definite pronoun, agreeing in case, number and declension, with 
 ashangangob, dioba and leteli. 
 
 Second : In like manner it stands, where in English, personal 
 
 pronouns would be used, thus ; Ani yi mibetyi, yi mimshilie 
 
 penje, yi mivishilie mimbeka njihi, the tide rose, it covered the 
 
 land, it covered the hills also ; dioba di dubia, di panya na 
 
 ndanh, the sun rises, he shines by day. 
 
 Its form in the objective case is used for the objective case 
 of personal pronouns, and also as a kind of emphatic pronoun 
 in the nominative, thus ; ba mijeni vieteli, did vio vi miMe pe 
 boshi biabi, they saw the star, and it went before them. Vio 
 vi refers back to vieteli — much more distinctly than our pronoun 
 it can refer to star. Me naka mo shomba, I want to buy 
 
16 BaJcele Grammar. 
 
 them, mo. M& njime* na bikanda, we naka bio sliomba ? I 
 have come with plantains, do you wish to buy them, bio? 
 
 Third: It is used as a relative pronoun; and as such, by 
 its number and declension, varied with every class of nouns, 
 identifies its antecedent with admirable precision, thus ; bilombi 
 biesM, hi beshe jene, all things bi which we see. Bi, which, 
 being of the same number and declension w T ith bilombi, things, 
 has two unmistakable signs of identifying its antecedent. 
 
 Where in English the infinitive mood is governed by a noun, 
 the relative pronoun is used, instead of the infinitive mood, 
 thus ; a ihi na mabom ma shomba sheba, (literally) he is with 
 money, which buys ivory. English idiom ; he has money to 
 buy ivory. 
 
 Fourth : It is used as a demonstrative pronoun. (See dem. 
 pron. yi 3 this.) 
 
 Fifth : It serves as a connecting link between two nouns, or 
 a noun and relative pronoun, to form the possessive case (see 
 
 Eossessive case of nouns), and no possessive case can be regu- 
 irly formed without it. 
 
 Sixth : Lastly, it incorporates itself with all adjectives, and 
 adjective pronouns, and is indispensable to their declension. 
 Any omission, as in the fourth declension, is an exception, and 
 very limited. 
 
 The definite pronoun is inflected through all the declensions, 
 and has a distinct form for the objective case, when used as a 
 personal pronoun, which is also used as an emphatic nomi- 
 native. 
 
 But when used as a relative pronoun, in the objective case, 
 it is not changed, thus ; mabongwe ma ngwanga a mibonhthi, 
 the words, ma, which (not mo, the objective) the prophet 
 spoke. 
 
 Note 1. — In the first and third declensions singular, there is 
 a difference in its form when applied to possessive pronouns, 
 from that applied to adjectives and other adjective pronouns. 
 This arises no doubt from contraction in the first, and contrac- 
 tion and euphony in the third declension. 
 
 Note 2. — In the singular of the fourth declension, its use as 
 a personal pronoun is supplanted by the personal pronoun, and 
 its form can only be ascertained from its use as a relative, or as 
 applied to the declension of adjectives. 
 
 ADJECTIVES. 
 
 Adjectives have number, classification and comparison. 51 
 The number and classification of adjectives have been suffi- 
 ciently illustrated, under possessive pronouns. For the manner 
 
Etymology. 17 
 
 of declining, see the table of declensions. As they are all 
 declined alike, having learned one, it will be easy to apply the 
 same principles to any other, when the root is known from the 
 vocabulary. 
 
 COMPARISON. 
 
 Comparison does not, in all respects, correspond to what it is 
 in English, as may be seen from the following examples : 
 
 Of two, three or more persons or things, they will ask, which 
 is old, large, small, etc. ; meaning which is the older or oldest, 
 larger or largest, etc., thus; na weni na yeni na manyangwe, 
 nja thi ntolif you and he and your brother, which is old? 
 Another way is by the use of adverbs, derived from verbs, 
 which signify to surpass or excel, thus ; shake ngwame a t/ii 
 mbenh nidami, or dakami na shake ?igw&ye, my knife is good 
 more than your knife. 
 
 Another mode is to put posho before the adjective, with or 
 without nulami, or dakami following it, in the sense of more 
 or most, according as two or more objects are compared, thus ; 
 shake ngwaine a thi posho mibenh na ngwaye, or nulami na 
 ngwaye, mj knife is better than yours. Posho is an adverb of 
 comparison in the Mpongwe language, and its use in Bakele 
 may be derived thence, and not understood far away from that 
 tribe. 
 
 Still another way is to put kwe, which is declined like the 
 adjective it qualifies, after the adjective. This forms a compa- 
 rative, thus ; abobi jaye yi thi yibenh, nji njame yi thi yibenh 
 yikwe, your hat is good, but mine is better. The superlative 
 then is formed by a like use of mete, nji njame yi thi yibenh 
 yimete, but mine is best. A superlative is also formed by 
 repeating the adjective, followed by na, and the thing compared. 
 
 NUMEBALS. 
 
 In Bakele they count to five, when they repeat five and one 
 for six; five and two for seven, etc., up to ten, dio?n, used as 
 a noun of the second declension. Its plural is mdbom, with an 
 euphonic epenthesis of b. 
 
 Eleven is ten and one ; twelve is ten and two, etc. ; though 
 they count by tens; that is, having finished one ten, they begin 
 another, without repeating the numbers of the first ten. Twenty 
 is mabom maba, two tens ; thirty, is mdbom malali, three tens, 
 etc. 
 
 The word for one hundred, is nhama ; the same with the 
 Mpongwe ; and the word for one thousand, they have borrowed 
 
18 Bakele Grammar. 
 
 through the Mpongwe, from the English. The following is a 
 list of the numerals, each with the definite pronoun of the first 
 declension before it, as is the manner of abstract counting : 
 
 1. 
 
 Yiwata or yiwoto. 
 
 2. 
 
 Biba. 
 
 3. 
 
 Bilali. 
 
 4. 
 
 Binai. 
 
 5. 
 
 Bitani. 
 
 6. 
 
 Bitani na yiwoto. 
 
 7. 
 
 Bitani na biba, etc. 
 
 10. 
 
 Diom. 
 
 20. 
 
 Mabom maba. 
 
 30. 
 
 Mabom malali, etc. 
 
 100. 
 
 N~kam,a or nhama woto. 
 
 200. 
 
 Minkama miba, etc. 
 
 1000. 
 
 JVtdshen or ntdshen woto. 
 
 2000. 
 
 Mintdshen miba, etc. 
 
 DECLENSION OF NUMERALS. 
 
 Wdtd or woto is declined in the singular, like an adjective ; 
 but in the fourth declension it is wdtd alone, and in the seventh 
 declension, paid. 
 
 Biba, bilali, etc., take the definite pronoun plural of all 
 declensions, and agree with the nouns which they qualify. 
 
 Nhama and ntdshen are used as nouns, and belong to the 
 third declension. 
 
 PLACE OF THE NUMERALS. 
 
 When the numeral is less than ten, it comes after the noun ; 
 as, bivata binai, four chests ; mali matani na malali, (literally) 
 canoes five and three. But when more than ten, the ten or 
 tens are put before the things numbered, and the multiplicator 
 after ; thus — mabom ma bikdndd maba, tens of plantains two, 
 i. e. twenty plantains. The numbers between ten and twenty, 
 twenty and thirty, etc., repeat the noun, and the numerals after 
 it; thus — mabom ma bimboli tnaba na bimboli bitani, literally 
 tens, of goats two, and goats five, i. e. twenty-five goats. Num- 
 bers greater than one hundred are expressed thus ; minkama mi 
 bimboli miba na mabom ma bimholi maba na bimboli bitani, 
 (lit.) hundreds of goats two, and tens of goats two, and goats 
 five, i. e. two hundred and twenty-five goats. 
 
 OBDHSTALS. 
 
 The following are the ordinal numbers, viz. : — yigweke, first ; 
 yibalie, second ; yilalie, third ; yinaie, fourth ; yitanie, fifth ; 
 
Etymology. 
 
 19 
 
 yitanie na yiwoto, sixth ; yitanie na yiba, seventh ; yitanie 
 nayilalie, eighth ; yitanie nayinaie, ninth ; y idiom, tenth. 
 
 These ordinals take the definite pronoun singular of each 
 declension, according to the noun they qualify, except in the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,ETC. 
 
 P. PRON. 
 
 INTR. PRON. 
 
 NUMERALS. 
 
 ORDEALS. 
 
 ADJ. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 all 
 
 | what 
 
 which 
 
 what 
 
 one 
 
 two 
 
 first 
 
 great 
 
 
 jesh<3 
 
 i . . 
 ymja 
 
 yini 
 
 yindi 
 
 yiwotck 
 
 
 yigweke 
 
 yinen 
 
 
 bieshe 
 
 jbinja 
 
 bini 
 
 bindi 
 
 
 biba 
 
 
 bin en 
 
 
 dieshe 
 
 jdinja 
 
 dini 
 
 dindi 
 
 diwoto 
 
 
 digweke 
 
 dinen 
 
 
 meshe 
 
 manja 
 
 mam 
 
 mandi 
 
 | 
 
 maba 
 
 1 
 
 manen 
 
 
 g wests e 
 
 |\vunja 
 
 wuni 
 
 wundi 
 
 |WUOtO 
 
 
 wugweke 
 
 wunen 
 
 
 mieshe 
 
 minja 
 
 mini 
 
 mindi 
 
 
 miba 
 
 
 minen 
 
 
 jeshe 
 
 .ngwanja 
 
 ngwini 
 
 ngwandi 
 
 woto 
 
 
 gweke 
 
 nen 
 
 
 beshe 
 
 ban) a 
 
 bani 
 
 bandi 
 
 
 baba 
 
 i 
 
 banen 
 
 
 leshe 
 
 lanja 
 
 lani 
 
 landi 
 
 lawoto 
 
 
 lagweke 
 
 lanen 
 
 
 meshe 
 
 ! manja 
 
 mam 
 
 mandi 
 
 
 maba 
 
 
 manen 
 
 
 leshe 
 
 lanja 
 
 lani 
 
 landi 
 
 la woto 
 
 
 lagweke 
 
 lanen 
 
 
 neshe 
 
 inyinja 
 
 nyini 
 
 nyindi 
 
 
 nyiba 
 
 1 
 
 nyinen 
 
 
 nyeshe 
 
 Inyinja 
 
 nymi 
 
 nyindi 
 
 pata. 
 
 
 nyigweke 
 
 nymen 
 
 
 meshe 
 
 imanja . 
 
 mam 
 
 mandi 
 
 
 maba 
 
 
 manen 
 
 
 vieshe 
 
 vinja 
 
 vim 
 
 vindi 
 
 viwoto 
 
 
 vigweke 
 
 vinen 
 
 
 leshe 
 
 ilanja 
 
 lani 
 
 landi 
 
 
 laba 
 
 
 lanen 
 
 
 bieshe 
 
 bin j a 
 
 bini 
 
 bindi 
 
 biwoto 
 
 
 ; bigweke 
 
 binen 
 
 ! meshe 
 
 manja 
 
 mani 
 
 mandi 
 
 1 
 
 maba 
 
 | ° J 
 
 'manen 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bakele Verbs have five moods, viz. ; the indicative, the impe- 
 rative, the^ subjunctive, the potential, and the infinitive. Of 
 these, the indicative, imperative and potential, have independ- 
 ent forms of their own. The parts of the subjunctive are made 
 
i'<- 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 o"l 
 
 
 A. TABLE, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ M ^^ 
 
 c -' 
 'i 7. 
 
 NOUNS. 
 
 o 
 
 la 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 iS'E 
 
 EXHIBITING THE DECLENSIONS OF NOUNS, PEONOUNS, 
 
 ADJECTIVES, ETC., 
 
 ETC. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DEFU 
 
 s T ITE PRONOUN. 
 
 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 DEM. PRON. II INDEF. 
 
 PRON. 
 
 INTR. PRON. 
 
 NUMERALS. 
 
 ORDINALS. 
 ; first 
 
 ADJ. 
 
 
 
 my 
 
 thy 
 
 his, hers, <kc. 
 
 our 
 
 your 
 
 their 
 
 mine 
 
 my and thy \my and your 
 
 another's 
 
 this 
 
 that 
 
 thai [j other 
 
 all 
 
 | what 
 
 which 
 
 what 
 
 one 
 
 two 
 
 great 
 
 ,. iS. Avata 
 m - I P. Bivata 
 
 yi 
 
 ,s 
 
 yimbi 
 
 jurat- 
 
 jaye 
 
 
 ashi 
 
 jani 
 
 jabi 
 
 njam6 
 
 jana 
 
 jana 
 
 yinga 
 
 yi 
 
 yiti 
 
 yinayi 
 
 giwaka 
 
 jeshe 
 
 lyinja 
 
 yini 
 
 yindi 
 
 yiwota. 
 
 
 
 yinen 
 
 
 bio 
 
 
 Mame 
 
 
 
 
 
 biabi 
 
 nbiame 
 
 biana 
 
 
 
 bi 
 
 
 binabi 
 
 biwaka 
 
 bieshe 
 
 
 bini 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 . J B. Dina 
 M ' { P. Mina 
 
 di 
 
 dio 
 
 dimbi 
 
 diame 
 
 have 
 
 dici 
 
 diasM 
 
 iiani 
 
 diabi 
 
 ndiame 
 
 diana 
 
 diana 
 
 dinga 
 
 di 
 
 ditl 
 
 dinadi 
 
 diwaka 
 
 dieshg 
 
 dinja 
 
 dini 
 
 dindi 
 
 
 
 |digwekg 
 
 dinen 
 
 ma 
 
 mo 
 
 mambi 
 
 
 .nave 
 
 mei 
 
 mashi 
 
 mani 
 
 mabi 
 
 mame 
 
 mana 
 
 mana 
 
 manga 
 
 ma 
 
 in. iii 
 
 manama 
 
 mawaka 
 
 meshe 
 
 manja 
 
 mani 
 
 
 
 maba 
 
 manen 
 
 '"'• '( 7'. Milenia 
 
 wu 
 
 
 wumbi 
 
 gwamS 
 
 nviiyil 
 
 gwei 
 
 nvashi 
 
 ■'wani 
 
 gwabi 
 
 ngwame 
 
 gwana 
 
 gwana 
 
 wunga 
 
 wi 
 
 wuti 
 
 wun a wu 
 
 wuaka 
 
 ^wesbe 
 
 jwunja 
 
 mini 
 
 wundi 
 
 
 
 [wugwekS 
 
 wunen 
 
 mi 
 
 
 mimbi 
 
 i,, 
 
 miave 
 
 mici 
 
 iniashi 
 
 aiialli 
 
 miabi 
 
 miame 
 
 raiana 
 
 miana 
 
 minga 
 
 Imi 
 
 in iti 
 
 minami 
 
 miwaka 
 
 mieshe 
 
 ■ rainja 
 
 mini 
 
 mindi 
 
 
 miba 
 
 minen 
 
 Art i S - Mbia 
 4tb - 1 P. Bambia 
 
 a 
 
 ye 
 
 ngwambi 
 
 agwamc- 
 
 
 ngwei 
 
 ngwashi 
 
 ngwani 
 
 ngwabi 
 
 ilgwaim' 
 
 ngwana 
 
 ngwana 
 
 ngwanga 
 
 wa 
 
 ti 
 
 nd 
 
 waka 
 
 jeshe 
 
 'ngnanja 
 
 ngwini 
 
 ngwandi 
 
 woto 
 
 
 
 nen 
 
 ha 
 
 ba 
 
 tmmbi 
 
 
 
 
 bashi 
 
 oani 
 
 
 
 bana 
 
 
 banga 
 
 ba 
 
 bati 
 
 banaba 
 
 liawaka 
 
 beshe 
 
 |banja 
 lanja 
 
 
 band! 
 
 
 
 
 
 , ( & Langa ka 
 5th - | 7'. Uangakf, 
 
 la 
 
 IS 
 
 Iambi 
 
 ■ lame 
 
 layS lei 
 
 lashi 
 
 lani 
 
 labi 
 
 nlame 
 
 lana 
 
 lana 
 
 langa 
 
 la 
 
 lati 
 
 lanaia 
 
 lawaka 
 
 leshe 
 
 lani 
 
 landi 
 
 lawoto 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 nmyaye Lei 
 
 mashi 
 
 mam 
 
 mabi 
 
 mame 
 
 
 
 manga 
 
 
 mat! 
 
 manama 
 
 mawaka 
 
 meshS 
 
 manja 
 
 mani 
 
 
 
 
 1 ° 
 
 
 ML f^f 
 
 la 
 
 16 
 
 Iambi 
 
 lamB 
 
 ,,-, h, 
 
 lashi 
 
 lani 
 
 labi 
 
 nlame 
 
 lana 
 
 lana 
 
 langa 
 
 la 
 
 lati 
 
 lanaia 
 
 lawaka 
 
 eshe 
 
 lanja 
 
 lani 
 
 land! 
 
 lawoto 
 
 
 
 
 nyi 
 
 nyo 
 
 nyanibi ] nyame 
 
 
 nyashi 
 
 nyam 
 
 nyabl 
 
 nyame 
 
 nyana 
 
 nyana 
 
 nyanga 
 
 nyi 
 
 nyiti 
 
 nyinayi 
 
 nyiwaka 
 
 neshe 
 
 nyinja 
 
 nyim 
 
 nyindi 
 
 
 nyiba 
 
 
 nyinen 
 
 ™-]^.W 
 
 nvi 
 
 nyo 
 
 nyambi nyame' 
 
 nvavi'. nyei 
 
 nvashi 
 
 nyam 
 
 nyabi 
 
 nyame 
 
 nyana 
 
 nyana 
 
 nyanga 
 
 |U yi 
 
 mil. 
 
 nyinayi 
 
 paka 
 
 nyeshe" 
 
 nymja 
 
 nyim 
 
 nyindi 
 
 pata 
 
 
 nyigweko - 
 
 nyinen 
 
 
 
 mambi i mamg 
 
 
 
 mam 
 
 mabi 
 
 
 
 
 manga 
 
 
 
 manama 
 
 mawaka 
 
 meshe 
 
 maii)a 
 
 mani 
 
 mandi 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■a- 1* S3' 
 
 vi 
 
 vio 
 
 vimbi 1 viamg 
 
 viuvu viei 
 
 viashi 
 
 viani 
 
 viabi 
 
 uvianie 
 
 viana 
 
 viana 
 
 vinga 
 
 VI 
 
 viti 
 
 vmavi 
 
 viwaka 
 
 vieshi! 
 
 vinja 
 
 vini 
 
 vindi 
 
 viwoto 
 
 
 
 
 la 
 
 16 
 
 Iambi 1 lam,- 
 
 
 lashi 
 
 lani 
 
 labi 
 
 nlame 
 
 lana 
 
 lana 
 
 langa 
 
 
 lati 
 
 lanaia 
 
 lawaka 
 
 eshe 
 
 lanja 
 
 lani 
 
 landi 
 
 
 
 
 
 *|£3K 
 
 hi 
 
 bio 
 
 bimbi i biann" 
 
 
 biashi 
 
 biani 
 
 biabi 
 
 [nbiame 
 
 biana 
 
 biana 
 
 binga 
 
 bi 
 
 biti 
 
 binabi 
 
 biwaka 
 
 lieshg 
 
 binja 
 
 bini 
 
 bind! 
 
 biwoto 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 ma 
 
 mo 
 
 
 mabi mame, mana mana manga 
 
 ma 
 
 miti manama 
 
 mawaka 
 
 meshe 
 
 _manja_ 
 
 mam 
 
 mandi ' 
 
 maba 
 
 
 manen 
 
18 BakeU Grammar. 
 
 through the Mpongwe, from the English. The following is a 
 list of the numerals, each with the definite pronoun of the first 
 declension before it, as is the manner of abstract counting : 
 
 OKMKALS. 
 
 The following are the ordinal numbers, viz. : — yigweke, first; 
 yibalie, second ; yilalie, third ; yinaie, fourth ; yitanie, fifth ; 
 
Etymology. 19 
 
 yitanie na yiwoto, sixth ; yitanie na yiba, seventh ; yitanie 
 nayilalie, eighth ; yitanie nay indie, ninth ; y 'idiom, tenth. 
 
 These ordinals take the definite pronoun singular of each 
 declension, according to the noun they qualify, except in the 
 fourth declension, thus ; in the second declension dina ditanie 
 na diba, the seventh name. 
 
 The distributive numbers are formed by repeating the cardi- 
 nals, thus ; yiwoto yiwoto, one by one ; biba biba, two by two, 
 etc. 
 
 Remarks. — The labor of counting is usually divided. The 
 narrator of events very seldom uses the numerals, but makes 
 a free use of his fingers and the demonstrative pronoun for 
 this and these; thus — me e ti thatha mashu ma, I will there 
 sleep days these — holding up three fingers (beginning to count 
 from the little one), while the auditor immediately responds, 
 malali, three. When the number is five, the clenched fist is 
 held up. If greater than five, first the fist, and then the requi- 
 site number of fingers are held up — the narrator using the 
 demonstrative pronouns, and the auditor responding the nume- 
 rals, thus ; me e ti thatha mashu ma, (the fist,) I will sleep 
 there days these — the auditor responds, matani, five ; narrator 
 adds, na ma, holding up three fingers ; when the auditor 
 responds, na malali. The same course is pursued with greater 
 numbers, thus ; me e tl thatha minkama mi mashu mi (two 
 fingers), na mdbom ma mashu ma (three fingers), na ma shu 
 ma (four fingers), while the auditor responds miba, na malali 
 na manai, as the narrator successively exhibits his fingers, and 
 utters the demonstrative pronouns. 
 
 This manner of counting, though general, is not always used. 
 The narrator will sometimes give the numerals, but not with 
 out speaking the pronouns, and exhibiting his fingers. 
 
 YERBS. 
 
 Every verb in the language begins with a consonant and 
 ends with a vowel ; and this rule holds good in every mood and 
 tense of every verb. The vowels which end the radical form 
 of the verb are, a, a, e. The substantive verb th\ am, is, ends 
 in %. 
 
 The radical form of the verb is the indicative mood, present 
 tense. 
 
 MOODS AND TENSES. 
 
 Bakele verbs have five moods, viz. ; the indicative, the impe- 
 rative, the subjunctive, the potential, and the infinitive. Of 
 these, the indicative, imperative and potential, have independ- 
 ent forms of their own. The parts of the subjunctive are made 
 
20 BakeU Grammar. 
 
 by auxiliary particles. The potential also can take auxiliaries 
 in any of its tenses. 
 
 There are four tenses in Bakele : the present, the future, and 
 two past tenses, called the perfect and indefinite past, or histo- 
 rical tenses. 
 
 The indicative mood is the simplest part of the verb, and 
 corresponds in its use to the same mood in English. Its tenses 
 are all (except the future) formed by changes on the radical, 
 and is the only mood that has all four of the tenses. 
 
 Tenses of the indicative. The present tense, like that tense 
 in English, has two forms, thus ; me tin loma, I am sending ; 
 and me loma, I send. Tlii is the substantive verb, present 
 tense. Negative in this and the perfect tense is formed by put- 
 ting the particle sha, not, between the nominative and the verb, 
 thus ; me sha shomba, may mean I am not buying, I do not 
 buy, I have not bought. 
 
 Note. — VeJca, to know, usually takes tyi, the negative par- 
 ticle of the future, instead of sha. 
 
 The future tense is formed by the auxiliary particle e, between 
 the nominative and the radical form of the verb, thus; me e 
 loma, I will send. Negation in the future changes e to tyi, 
 thus ; me tyi loma, I will not send. 
 
 The perfect tense is formed from the radical, by changing 
 the last vowel into &, and suffixing we, thus ; loma, to send ; 
 me lomime, I have sent. This tense corresponds in general to 
 the perfect tense in English. In some cases it means to have 
 become, to be or do, and thus is equivalent to the present 
 tense, thus; ani yi betyime, the tide has become to rise, i.e. is 
 rising : a bebime, he has become bad. Negation in this tense 
 is expressed by sha and the radical form of the verb. (See pre- 
 sent tense.) 
 
 The indefinite past tense is formed from the radical by pre- 
 fixing mi and changing the last vowel into i, thus : loma, to 
 send ; milomi, sent. Negation is expressed by prefixing tyi 
 to the tense, thus : me tyi milomi, I sent not. This tense 
 leaves the present out of view and refers to past time indefi- 
 nitely, like the Aorist in Greek. It is used in all narration of 
 past events. 
 
 The imperative mood is used as in English for commanding, 
 exhorting, &c. It is formed from the radical by changing the 
 last vowel into i and suffixing Jc, followed by a vowel like the 
 changed vowel, i. e. if the radical ends in a, a is joined to k ; 
 if in d, an a is suffixed ; if in e, an e is put with &, thus ; lema, 
 to send ; lomika, send thou ; shasha, to deny ; shashiTca, deny 
 thou ; sheme, to curse ; shemike, curse thou. The plural suf- 
 fixes ni to the singular, thus ; lomika, lomikani. But when 
 
Etymology. 21 
 
 the singular ends in the vowel a or e, it is changed into a, thus : 
 shashika, deny thou ; shashikani, deny ye. 
 
 There is a form for the first and third persons, both singular 
 and plural, signifying must, which may be conveniently classed 
 under the imperative, though it is not strictly philosophical to 
 say, one commands himself or a third person. It is formed 
 from the second person singular by changing the last vowel into 
 % and always has its nominative expressed before it, thus: a 
 lomiki, he must send ; beshe ba lomiki, we must send. Sha is 
 the negative particle in the imperative, and is applied to this 
 form of the verb, except in the second person plural, where it 
 is applied to the regular plural, thus: sha lomiki, send not; 
 me sha lomiki, I must not send ; or, with a (?) must I not 
 send ? and sha lomikani, send ye not. 
 
 The subjunctive mood is formed by the use of particles with 
 the tenses of the indicative, not having any distinct form of its 
 own. The future tense is wanting, but the particles often give 
 a future meaning to the other tenses, as na we dieme ka we 
 gwime, if you eat you will die. 
 
 i\fa, if, is the most used, especially in independent sentences. 
 But M, nakana, nadiambilind% are used in dependent sen- 
 tences to draw a conclusion, in the sense of then, therefore, etc., 
 and are often used where in English no particle is put. Sha 
 and tyi are used here as in the indicative. 
 
 The potential mood has two forms, one is, in the present 
 tense the same with the imperative second person singular, the 
 other is formed by means of auxiliary particles, thus ; me lo- 
 mika, I may or can send. To form the perfect, me is suffixed 
 to the present, thus; lomikame. But if the final letter of the 
 present be a or e, it is changed into a, because it is difficult to 
 give the strong accent of this tense on a and e. The indefinite 
 past tense prefixes mi to the present, milomika. 
 
 The auxiliary particle ka is used with the radical in the pre- 
 sent in the sense of may or can, thus ; me ka loma. The per- 
 fect suffixes me to ka, and the indefinite past prefixes mi to ka, 
 thus : me kame loma and me mika loma. Sha and tyi are used 
 as in the indicative, the former with the present and the latter 
 with the indefinite past. 
 
 Note. — The perfect and indefinite past sometimes corres- 
 pond to the same tenses of the indicative and seem to be used 
 instead of them. The perfect in this way often expresses what 
 has just now taken place. 
 
 Infinitive mood. The radical form of the verb is used with- 
 out any auxiliary, as the infinitive is in many cases in English, 
 thus : me kieme wusha mbusha, I am going to throw the net ; 
 wusha, to throw, is the simple radical. 
 3 
 
22 Bakele Grammar. 
 
 A verb in the infinitive mood, in English, governed by a 
 noun, would be rendered in this language by a relative pro- 
 noun and a finite verb, thus : me shina ngudi nya kama nani, 
 I have not strength to do so ; nya is the relative and kama the 
 finite verb. 
 
 The preposition pe with a verbal noun of the second class, 
 either singular or plural, is used like the infinitive mood in 
 English, thus: me Jcieme pe dikwele, I am going to fell trees ; 
 me Heme pe mabethe, I am going to plant. The infinitive has 
 only the present tense. 
 
 STote. — When in the course of inflecting the verb, the letter 
 d or t is followed by *, there is always an euphonic insertion of 
 y between them ; but instead of writing dy we write the letter 
 j, as its equivalent, thus; vende, to sweep; venjike, venjime / 
 mivengi; lata, to be sick; tatyika, tatyime, mitatyi. 
 
 These principles have an extensive application to the Bakele 
 verb. They are the principles of forming the different moods 
 and tenses. Most of them apply to every verb in the language, 
 except two or three defective verbs. But there are in some 
 verbs modifications of these principles in some tenses upon 
 euphonic grounds ; in others, exceptions. 
 
 The modifications may be arranged under the following 
 classes. 
 
 First : When a verb ends in e preceded by i, most of the 
 conditions for forming the perfect tense exist ready for use — 
 the penult contains the union vowel % and by dropping e and 
 suffixing me, the tense is formed, thus : bapie, to carry ; bapime, 
 have carried. The historical tense is formed by prefixing mi to 
 the radical. 
 
 In like manner to form the imperative mood, the e final is 
 dropped and kwe suffixed instead of Jce, because it is easier of 
 pronunciation. The remainder corresponds to the general rules. 
 
 Second : Verbs of this class end in a nasal vowel, or a vowel 
 preceded by a nasal. Verbs ending in a nasal make no change 
 in the radical, but add to it me and mi to form the past tenses 
 of the indicative, thus; n&nh, to take ; n&rihm& 9 have taken -5 
 min&nh, took. 
 
 In the imperative instead of adding k with the vowel a, a or 
 e, the nasal nh and k are sofrened to ng, and &, a or e suffixed 
 according to the nasal in the radical, thus; ndnh, to take; 
 nanga, take thou ; denh, to lurk ; denge, lurk thou. 
 
 Those in which a vowel follows the nasal, drop the vowel and 
 add me and mi to the shortened radical to form the past tenses 
 of the indicative, thus ; dinha, to love ; dinhme midinh. The 
 imperative is formed as above, thus ; dinga, love thou. 
 
Etymology. 23 
 
 Third Class : Verbs of this class have th, y or h in the last 
 syllable with a, a, or e, as the final vowel. They agree in drop- 
 ping the last syllable and suffixing me and ka, kd, ke to the 
 shortened radical, to form the perfect tense and imperative 
 mood, thus : 
 
 RADICAL. PERFECT. IMPERATIVE. 
 
 Botha, home, boha. 
 
 Buy a, bume, buka. 
 
 Buhi, bume, buka. 
 
 1. Dissyllables having th in the last syllable preceded by i, 
 change i into a (or a when the radical ends thus) to form the 
 imperative. Preceded by,;* they change ^'a into da, thus; 
 climb itha, climb aha ; kdshithd, kdshdkd • pinjitha, pindaka. 
 
 2. If the final th is preceded by a nasal vowel, a kind of 
 double imperative is formed. The nasal is changed to ng and 
 a vowel 'added, as in the second class, and ka is added to 
 this, the final syllable of the radical having been dropped, 
 thus: janhiha, jangaka, nyinhtha, nyingaka. Many dissyl- 
 lablic verbs ending in th with a vowel, double the final syllable 
 in the imperative, thus ; bdthd, bdkdkci • jetha,jekaka. Also 
 nyala, nyakaka. 
 
 To form the first and third persons imperative of these and 
 the verbs under the preceding note, the penult vowel as well as 
 the final, is changed into i, thus : dimbaka, dhnbiki; kdshdkd, 
 kdshiki ; pindaka, pinjiki ; nyingaka, nyingiki, etc. 
 
 We may conveniently form the perfect of these verbs from 
 the imperative, instead of the radical, by changing the penult 
 vowel into i, dropping the last syllable and suffixing me, thus ; 
 nyingaka, nyingime • bdkdkd, bdkime. 
 
 PASSIVE VOICE. 
 
 The Bakele verb delights in the active voice, and will avoid 
 a passive, even by a considerable circumlocution. Yet in a 
 large number of verbs there is a passive voice, regularly formed 
 and regularly declined, through all the moods and tenses. 
 
 The passive voice is formed from the radical, by changing 
 the final vowel into ie, thus ; loma, lomie • bdmd, bdmie • meme, 
 memie. 
 
 In forming this passive, like euphonic changes occur, as in 
 the active voice, thus; if the radical was a k in the final, the 
 passive is not kie, but kwe • as, jaka, pass, jakvje ,• if it con- 
 tain a t, the change is into tyie, thus ; kuta, pass, kutyie ; lende, 
 to write, makes lenjie in the pass. ; and vanja, to tear down, 
 makes vanjie ; and so of other verbs of like terminations. 
 
 Verbs ending in ie, have the same form in both voices. 
 
 Verbs ending in a nasal or a •vowel, preceded by a nasal, 
 change the nasal into ng, and by euphony suffix we, instead of 
 
24 Bafatt Grammar. 
 
 i&, thus ; lanh, to count ; pass, langwc dinha, to love, pass. 
 dingwe ; or they form the passive from the second person 
 singular of the imperative, by changing the final vowel into 
 we , ndnga, take thou; ndngwe, pass. 
 
 AH these verbs form the past tenses, imperative and poten- 
 tial moods regularly, like verbs, whose active voice ends in ie. 
 Those ending in kwe and gwe, have these forms unchanged in 
 the imperative and potential present ; all others are regularly 
 formed. 
 
 All verbs forming the double imperative (see third class, 
 note 2), form the passive from the imperative, by dropping the 
 last syllable, and inserting a w in the next, thus : 
 
 RADICAL. 
 
 IMPERATIVE. 
 
 PASSIVE. 
 
 Banhtha, 
 Benhthe, 
 Jetha, 
 Nyala, 
 
 bangaka, 
 bengeke, 
 jekaka, 
 nyakaka, 
 
 bangwa. 
 bengwe. 
 jekwa. 
 nyakwa. 
 
 Verbs having th in the final, preceded by *, form the passive, 
 by dropping the final syllable, and adding a to the shortened 
 radical, thus; debitha, pass, dibia / kdbithd, pass, kdbia. 
 
 To form the perfect tense, me is added to the present. The 
 imperative and potential present, add ni and kwani to the 
 radical, thus ; bangwa, bangwame, bangwani ; jekwa, jekwame, 
 jekwani; dibia, dibiame, dibikwani. 
 
 SPECIES OF THE VERB. 
 
 By the term species, is designated derived verbs. From the 
 radical of many verbs other verbs may be derived, which have 
 a modified meaning, thus; dona, to rejoice; donishe, cause to 
 rejoice; dinha. to love ; dinhshe, cause to love. 
 
 This is called the causative species. It is formed by adding 
 she to the radical, with like euphonic changes, as in the forma- 
 tion of the perfect tense and imperative mood, thus ; bemba, to 
 stay ; bembisM, to cause to stay ; panda, jodnjishe. 
 
 Polysyllables ending in tlia, tha, the, drop this syllable, and 
 add she to the shortened radical, thus; dimbitha, to mistake, 
 err ; dimbishe, cause to mistake. 
 
 Dissyllables in tha, tha, the, drop the final syllable, and add 
 lie to the shortened radical, thus ; batha, to marry ; balie, 
 cause to marry. 
 
 These are the general principles of forming the causative 
 species of verbs, but a few verbs are irregular, or conform but 
 in part to these rules. 
 
 This species is always transitive in signification ; though the 
 radical from which it is derived may be intransitive or neuter. 
 
Etymology. 25 
 
 It is varied through all moods and tenses, and conforms to 
 the general principles of their formation, with but slight varia- 
 tion. The perfect tense changes final e to i, and adds me, 
 thus ; bulishe, to bring or take back, bulishime. 
 
 The imperative changes e to % and adds toe, thus ; bulishi- 
 kwS. The second person plural changes e of the radical to 0, 
 and adds Jcani, thus ; bulishakani. 
 
 A reciprocal species is formed upon like general principles, 
 by adding lia to the radical, thus ; dinha, to love; dinhlia, to 
 love each other ; nguma, to whip ; ngamilia, to whip one another ; 
 duma, to shoot ; dumilia, to shoot each other. 
 
 The perfect tense adds me to the present tense of this species, 
 and the imperative adds kani, thus ; dumilia, damiliame, 
 dumiliakani. 
 
 A reciprico-causative species is formed from the causative 
 species, by changing e into #, thus ; daslie, cause one to be 
 tired ; dasha, weary each other. 
 
 The perfect tense and imperative mood of this species follow 
 the same in the reciprocal species. 
 
 SUBSTANTIVE VERB. 
 
 In Bakele, as in most other languages, the substantive verb 
 is irregular. The different moods and tenses are composed of 
 parts of different verbs. 
 
 1 he is the form most frequently used, e. g. a thl mbenh, he 
 is good. This form is used only in the present tense. 
 
 In connection with the preposition na, with, it denotes pos- 
 session ; as, a thl na maham, he has money, (lit.) he is with 
 money. 
 
 M'rie, is sometimes, though not so frequently, used in the 
 same wav as tlii. 
 
 In the other moods and tenses, the forms of be and wutha 
 are used ; e. g. me wume t% I have been there ; me miwu t\ 
 or me mibe ti, I was there. These verbs are defective, but 
 regularly declined in the moods and tenses in which they are 
 used. 
 
 The regular verb diya, to sit, to dwell, is sometimes used in 
 the sense of to be. 
 
VOCABULARIES 
 
 OF THE 
 
 KS v-> 
 
 BAKELE AND MPONGWE LANGUAGES, 
 
 WITH THE 
 
 ENGLISH 
 
A VOCABULARY. 
 
 BakglS. 
 
 Mpongwe, 
 
 English. 
 
 Aba, 1. 
 
 Osaun. 
 
 Affair. 
 
 Ababa, 1. 
 
 Ebaba. 
 
 Necklace. 
 
 Abai, 1. 
 
 Gnandi. 
 
 Envy. 
 
 Abashi, 1. 
 
 Nkazyo. 
 
 Fish-scale, scab. 
 
 Abama, 1. 
 
 Nkeva. 
 
 Gum -copal. 
 
 Abanjika, 1. 
 
 Ote. 
 
 Bamboo-lath. 
 
 Abanda, 1. 
 
 Or ere. 
 
 Wild plum. An oil 
 made from its seed. 
 
 Abembi, 1. 
 
 Olingo. 
 
 Long time. 
 
 Abeka, 1. 
 
 
 
 Abeke, 1. 
 
 Ovega. 
 
 Shoulder. 
 
 Abeki, 1. 
 
 Ebeke. 
 
 Fire-place. 
 
 Abeii. 1. 
 
 Ezyigo. 
 
 Eed-wood. 
 
 Abenga, 1. 
 
 Ovavi. 
 
 Mediator. 
 
 Aboli, 1. 
 
 Eboli. 
 
 The fist. 
 
 Abiema, 1. 
 
 
 Chase. 
 
 Abobi, 1. 
 
 Epokolu. 
 
 Hat. 
 
 Aboliboli, 1. 
 
 Eza zi kwakwa. 
 
 Crockery. 
 
 Abotyi, 1. 
 
 Oga. 
 
 King. 
 
 Abothi, 1. 
 
 Ewoga. 
 
 Deserted town. 
 
 Abotyi, 1. 
 
 Etuka. 
 
 Rind, husk. 
 
 Aborih, 1. 
 
 Evimdu. 
 
 Piece (of flesh or fish). 
 
 Abonji, 1. 
 
 Ewonjo. 
 
 Head (of tobacco). 
 
 Abongili, 1. 
 
 Ewongolo. 
 
 Wooden bowl. 
 
 Aboka, 1. 
 
 Ezo. 
 
 Mortar, mill. 
 
 Aboka, 1. 
 
 Eboke. 
 
 A cripple. 
 
 Abunh, 1. 
 
 Etava. 
 
 Mat. 
 
 Abuma, 1. 
 
 Olonda. 
 
 Fruit. 
 
 Abuki, 1. 
 
 Imonga. 
 
 Loaf, ball. 
 
 Adamilie, 1. 
 
 Ekamina. 
 
 Peg. 
 
 Adetyi, 1. 
 
 Itu. 
 
 Joke. 
 
 Adeka, 1. 
 
 Olega. 
 
 Cracker, biscuit. 
 
 Adiki, 1. 
 
 Erogora. 
 
 Perspiration . 
 
 Adibiki, 1. 
 
 Igugi. 
 
 Door. 
 
 Adioka, 1. 
 
 Menda. 
 
 Hatchet. 
 
 Adiya, 1. 
 
 Iloano. 
 
 Seat, residence. 
 
 IS 
 
32 
 
 BakSte. 
 
 Adoshi, 1. 
 Adongwe, 1. 
 Aduka, 1. 
 Aduiki, 1. 
 Adukwa, 1. 
 Agwashi, 1. 
 Agwokwa, 1. 
 Aiye, ad. 
 
 Ajaba, 1. 
 
 Akanda, 1. 
 Akape, 1. 
 Akaki, 1. 
 Akala, 1. 
 Akanh, 1. 
 Akai, 1. 
 Akaliki, 1. 
 Akatha, 1. 
 Akesha, 1. 
 Akitha, 1, & a. 
 Akienh, 1. 
 Akieli, 1. 
 Akiembe, 1. 
 Akiyamba. 
 Akoi, 1. 
 Akonda, 1. 
 Akoldi, 1. 
 Akomba, a. 
 Akombi, 1. 
 Akonji, 1. 
 Akoshakosha, 1 
 Akuli, 1. 
 Akubethe, 1. 
 Akumi, 1. 
 Akutyi, 1. 
 Akutyi, 1. 
 Alabi, 1. 
 Alashi, 1. 
 Alanga, 1. 
 Alaki, 1. 
 Aleba, 1. 
 Alemba, 1. 
 Aleni, 1. 
 Alenge, 1. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Ngawe-doshi. 
 
 Otondo. 
 
 Eduka. 
 
 Edugi. 
 
 Egombe. 
 
 Egwasa. 
 
 Ewulu. 
 
 Ai. 
 
 Enlinia. 
 
 Ikanda. 
 
 Inoka. 
 
 Ntongo. 
 
 Mpemba. 
 
 JSTntyaga. 
 
 Owavi. 
 
 Ivuva. 
 
 Eroro. 
 
 Eva. 
 
 Orunda. 
 
 Ebende. 
 
 Inkanda. 
 
 Ekembe. 
 
 Kiyamba. 
 
 Ndondo. 
 
 Ebanda. 
 
 JSTkala. 
 
 Nkeli. 
 
 Ogu. 
 
 Nkonde. 
 
 Epe. 
 
 Kulu. 
 
 Ikaguma. 
 
 Ekuwu. 
 
 Nyonga. 
 
 Kutyi. 
 
 Ivare. 
 
 Elash. 
 
 Elango. 
 
 Inyemba. 
 
 Ido. 
 
 Oganla. 
 
 Ekoka. 
 
 Egege. 
 
 English. 
 
 Snuff-box. 
 
 Basket. 
 
 Pistol. 
 
 Cork, stopple. 
 
 Time. 
 
 Saw, file. 
 
 Chaff, husk, trash. 
 
 The reply to the saluta- 
 tion, " Bieke." 
 
 A burrowing, carnivo- 
 rous animal. 
 
 Plantain. 
 
 Lie. 
 
 Stick, drum-stick. 
 
 Chalk on the forehead. 
 
 Farm. 
 
 Leaf. 
 
 Jealousy. 
 
 Snail-shell. 
 
 Limb (of the body). 
 
 Forbidden, sacred, taboo. 
 
 Corpse. 
 
 Purpose, design. 
 
 Animal poison, venom. 
 
 Green parrot. 
 
 Albino. 
 
 Skin. 
 
 Town. 
 
 Barren. 
 
 Sense. 
 
 Head wife. 
 
 Poniard. 
 
 Pail. 
 
 Stammering. 
 
 Stump. 
 
 A time. 
 
 Amulet. 
 
 Branch (of a tree). 
 
 Glass. 
 
 Iron hoop. 
 
 Dew, witch-poison. 
 
 Soft stone, brick. 
 
 Statue. 
 
 Honey-comb. 
 
 Small tusk of ivory. 
 
33 
 
 Bak&S. 
 
 Alenga, 1. 
 Alesha, 1. 
 Alenge, 1. 
 Alenji, 1. 
 Alika, 1. 
 Alinga, 1. 
 Alingalinga, 1. 
 Aloba, 1. 
 Alolo, 1. 
 Alombi, 1. 
 Alongwe, 1. 
 Aluma, 1. 
 Amanaketa, 1. 
 Amayi, 1. 
 Amboli, 1. 
 Ambena, 1. 
 Ambonga, 1. 
 Ambenga, 1. 
 Ainina, 1. 
 Aminiki, 1. 
 Amonga, 1. 
 Anmka, 1. 
 Ana, ad. 
 An ami, 1. 
 Anama, 1. 
 Ananh, 1. 
 Andamaki, 1. 
 Andabeli, 1. 
 Anenge, 1. 
 Andeme, 1. 
 Anganjiki, 1. 
 Angamba, 1. 
 Angiaka, 1. 
 Anganh, 1. 
 Angili, 1. 
 Angonga, 1. 
 
 Anguni, 1. 
 Angwashila, 1. 
 Anganliganli, 1. 
 Angkombie, 1. 
 Angwele, 1. 
 Angwengwe, 1. 
 Ani, 1. 
 Anipotyi, 1. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Olenga. 
 
 Elengele. 
 
 Elenge. 
 
 Elende. 
 
 Ya-yariga. 
 
 Elinga. 
 
 Elingalinga. 
 
 Elowa. 
 
 Elolo. 
 
 Ezama. 
 
 Nantye. 
 
 Nkama. 
 
 Maketa. 
 
 Itena. 
 
 Mboni. 
 
 Ombena. 
 
 Mbonga. 
 
 Olonga. 
 
 Epongo. 
 
 Imonga. 
 
 Mbungu. 
 
 Aranga. 
 
 Enlami. 
 
 Iveni. 
 
 Odo. 
 
 Idambe. 
 
 Ntyanda. 
 
 Nenge. 
 
 Nkanja. 
 
 Kagazya. 
 
 Engamba. 
 
 Oguni. 
 
 Egwa. 
 
 Ereni. 
 
 Olongo. 
 
 Ompomo. 
 
 Ezalina. 
 
 Ongonga. 
 
 Ongwatanda. 
 
 Iviki. 
 
 Ingongo. 
 
 Eningo. 
 
 Inapoti. 
 
 English. 
 
 Aim (with a gun). 
 
 Fool, crazy. 
 
 Sailor. 
 
 Boat. 
 
 Property left. 
 
 Gown. 
 
 Corpse (carried to burial). 
 
 Sein. 
 
 Young herring. 
 
 Thing. 
 
 Room. 
 
 Full moon. 
 
 Ginger. 
 
 A sitting up (at night). 
 
 Goat. 
 
 A hunting. 
 
 Bribe. 
 
 Yalley. 
 
 A thing swallowed. 
 
 Gullet. 
 
 Sweet potatoe. 
 
 Toothache. 
 
 Not, it is not. 
 
 Rich man. 
 
 Leg of meat. 
 
 Bed. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Five yds. cloth. 
 
 Island. 
 
 Small bat. 
 
 Elbow. 
 
 Demijohn. 
 
 Eyebrow. 
 
 Kind of yam. 
 
 Piece, half. 
 
 Neptune (large brass 
 
 pan). 
 Point of land. 
 Comb. 
 Throat. 
 Echo. 
 
 Roasted plantain. 
 Tin vessel. 
 Tide. 
 Iron pot. 
 
34 
 
 Bakgle. 
 
 Anjanja, 1. 
 Anjika, 1. 
 Anjiki, 1. 
 Anjum, 1. 
 Anyambie. 
 Anyala, 1. 
 Anzyonh, 1. 
 Anzyonja, 1. 
 Apaka, 1. 
 Apaki, 1. 
 Apaki, 1. 
 Apaki, 1. 
 Apeli, 1. 
 Apene, 1. 
 Ape, 1. 
 Apele, 1. 
 Apepa, 1. 
 Apeshi, 1. 
 Apimbika, 1. 
 Apilibish, 1. 
 Apita, 1. 
 Apika, 1. 
 Apiairje. 1. 
 Aponga, 1. 
 Apota, 1. 
 Apushi, 1. 
 Apuni, 1. 
 Aputa, 1. 
 Ashishika, 1. 
 Asha, 1. 
 Ashatiki, 1. 
 Ashamba, 1. 
 Ashapi, 1. 
 Asha, 1. 
 Ashali, 1. 
 Ashatha, 1. 
 Ash asha, 1. 
 Ashangobi, 1. 
 Ashapika, 1. 
 Ashei, 1. 
 Ashapa, 1. 
 Ashibi, 1. 
 Asliili, 1. 
 Asheeke, 1. 
 Ashishoi, 1. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Enjanja. 
 
 Ewumbu. 
 
 ISTdigo. 
 
 Ngame. 
 
 Anyambia. 
 
 Ifera. 
 
 JSTyongoli, 
 
 Ongwa njagani. 
 
 Epaga. 
 
 Ipaki. 
 
 Isuminia. 
 
 Ipaku. 
 
 Evezyu. 
 
 Ndondo. 
 
 Egamba. 
 
 Epele. 
 
 Epepa. 
 
 Mbei. 
 
 Ozyira. 
 
 Owonliawonlia. 
 
 Mpira. 
 
 Eponga. 
 
 Ombaga. 
 
 Eponga. 
 
 Eza zi kwakwa. 
 
 Punu. 
 
 Esesege. 
 
 Iseku. 
 
 Ewulu. 
 
 Ozumbu. 
 
 Ntyamba. 
 
 Ishapi. 
 
 Eshanga. 
 
 Evilo. 
 
 Eshala. 
 
 Ezyazya. 
 
 Ezango. 
 
 Orai. 
 
 Inyanga. 
 
 Orai. 
 
 Ezyiwo. 
 
 Ezeni. 
 
 Inini. 
 
 Irevo. 
 
 English. 
 
 Brass pan. 
 
 Firebrand. 
 
 Date tree and fruit. 
 
 Drum. 
 
 God. 
 
 Nail, claw. 
 
 Noise, racket. 
 
 Young fowl. 
 
 Partition. 
 
 Cap. 
 
 Praise. 
 
 Blind person. 
 
 Scar. 
 
 A light, blue eyed negro. 
 
 Parable. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Wing, rudder. 
 
 Piece, part, 
 
 Side (of house). 
 
 Butterfly. 
 
 Powder. 
 
 Cover. 
 
 Hoe. 
 
 Beeswax. 
 
 Crockery or glassware. 
 
 Crumb, particle. 
 
 Pawn. 
 
 Second-hand garment. 
 
 Hiccough. 
 
 Trash, dirt. 
 
 Beak, bill. 
 
 Loan. 
 
 Key. 
 
 Palm-cabbage. 
 
 Work. 
 
 Feather, tail (of birds). 
 
 Bamboo fish-spear. 
 
 Book, any writing. 
 
 Ground. 
 
 Sake, merit. 
 
 Ground. 
 
 Wild goat. 
 
 Forehead. 
 
 Liver. 
 
 Smarting (of pain). 
 
35 
 
 BakglS. 
 
 Ashevi, 1. 
 Ashiui, 1. 
 Ashokwe, 1. 
 Ashuiibi, 1. 
 Ashopi, 1. 
 Ashu, 1 & 2. 
 Ashocla, 1. 
 Ashuka, 1. 
 Asharige, 1. 
 Ashuli, 1. 
 Ashuna, 1. 
 Asiwagenda, 1, 
 Ata, 1. 
 Ataki, 1. 
 Ataka, 1. 
 
 Atheme, 1. 
 Atena, 1. 
 Athai, 1. 
 Athembi, 1. 
 Atheke, 1. 
 Atholi, 1. 
 Athoni, 1. 
 Athaki, 1. 
 Athoa, 1. 
 Atombi, 1. 
 Atoli, 1. 
 Atothi, 1. 
 Atyana, 1. 
 Atyuli, 1. 
 Atyie, 1. 
 Atyuna, 1. 
 
 Atyika, 1. 
 Avangi, 1. 
 Avanja, 1. 
 Avata, 1. 
 Avala v l. 
 Avashina, 1. 
 Avesha, 1. 
 . Aveshithe, 1. 
 Avethe, 1. 
 Avikwe, 1. 
 Avinji, 1. 
 Avibika, 1. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Nanga. 
 
 Sini. 
 
 Ozanga. 
 
 Epondoma. 
 
 Onyengi. 
 
 Ntyugu. 
 
 Nkowo. 
 
 ISTtyuga. 
 
 Osange. 
 
 Ekuru. 
 
 JSTtyuna. 
 
 Eziwagenda. 
 
 Re'ra. 
 
 Eliwa. 
 
 Eganda. 
 
 Enlema. 
 
 Olumbn. 
 
 Evuffina. 
 
 Ogaso. 
 
 JsTonji. 
 
 Inumba. 
 
 Inano. 
 
 Okogo. 
 
 Xnyoanlo. 
 
 Tolu. 
 
 Eclungu. 
 
 Ntyoana. 
 
 Eboli. 
 
 Ojo. 
 
 Ogumbu. 
 
 Oreru. 
 
 Evango. 
 
 Otombe. 
 
 Egara. 
 
 Oyombo. 
 
 Evindina. 
 
 Epa. 
 
 Eshove. 
 
 Ipedia. 
 
 Ovambo. 
 
 Evincli. 
 
 Iba. 
 
 English. 
 
 Short dry season. 
 
 Under garment. 
 
 Arrow. 
 
 Pillow, cushion. 
 
 Mist. 
 
 Day (of 24 hours). 
 
 Sore. 
 
 Jug. 
 
 Bean, pea. 
 
 Owl. 
 
 Eed stinging fly. 
 
 Bench. 
 
 Father. 
 
 Pond, mudhole. 
 
 One's family or depend- 
 ants. 
 
 Lame, cripple. 
 
 Apartment. 
 
 Lip, Eyelid. 
 
 Domestic animal or fowl. 
 
 Craving. 
 
 Bitter. 
 
 Enmity. 
 
 Bed. 
 
 Dandruff. 
 
 Quarrel. 
 
 Towel. 
 
 Uproar. 
 
 Brass kettle. 
 
 Eist. 
 
 Torch, candle. 
 
 Strap (for holding a bas- 
 ket on the back). 
 
 Trumpet, horn. 
 
 Fish-spear. 
 
 Stolen wife. 
 
 Chest. 
 
 One's wives. 
 
 Spirit. 
 
 Bone. 
 
 Thirst. 
 
 Contempt. 
 
 Bark (for building). 
 
 Cloud. 
 
 Fruit of dika-tree. 
 
36 
 
 BakSlS. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Avila, 1. 
 
 Evila. 
 
 Ebony. 
 
 Avina, 1. 
 
 Gnandi. 
 
 Envy. 
 
 Awombi, 1. 
 
 Eranlia. 
 
 Lunatic. 
 
 Awu, 1. 
 
 Efu. 
 
 Blanket. 
 
 Awuba, 1. 
 
 Eguwa. 
 
 Fathom. 
 
 Awushi, 1. 
 
 Efu. 
 
 B. 
 Jomiza. 
 
 Paunch, stomach. 
 
 Baba, v. i. 
 
 Dry (one's self). 
 
 Babilie, v. t. 
 
 Kwera. 
 
 Cut, bleed. 
 
 Babilia, v. i. 
 
 Bonjana. 
 
 Cut each other. 
 
 Babitha, v. i. 
 
 Bonja. 
 
 Cut one's self. 
 
 Bagwala-tyi, a. 
 
 Mpoge. 
 
 Deaf. 
 
 Balia, v. i. 
 
 Jombana. 
 
 Marry each other. 
 
 Baliba, v. i. 
 
 Dembia. 
 
 Bow, bend the body. 
 
 Balie, a. 
 
 Mbani. 
 
 Second. 
 
 Bali, ad. 
 
 Fa. 
 
 Again. 
 
 Bamita, v. t. 
 
 Datiza. 
 
 Place side by side. 
 
 Banh, v. t. 
 
 Mberinla. 
 
 Accuse falsely. 
 
 Banhtha, v. t. 
 
 Nungunla. 
 Toanliza. 
 
 Open. 
 
 Banjilie, v. t. 
 
 Send by another. 
 
 Bapie, v. t. 
 
 Toana. 
 
 Carry on the back. 
 
 Bata, a. 
 
 Mbeve. 
 
 Level, smooth. 
 
 Batyiba, v. i. 
 
 Yevele. 
 
 Be low, level. 
 
 Batyie, v. t. 
 
 Bangatia. 
 
 Crowd, push. 
 
 Batyie, v. t. 
 
 Panga vevele. 
 
 Make level. 
 
 Batha, v. t. 
 
 Jomba. 
 
 Marry. 
 
 Bath a, v. i. 
 
 Bangwa. 
 
 Be separated. 
 
 Baya, v. t. 
 
 Baza. 
 
 Cut up meat. 
 
 Babitha, v. t. 
 
 Sala. 
 
 Comb. 
 
 Balie, v. t. 
 
 Badia. 
 
 Express ingratitude. 
 
 Bakwe, 4. 
 
 
 Largest land-snail. 
 
 Balishe, v. t. 
 
 Teviza. 
 
 Wet. 
 
 Bama, v. t. 
 
 Niva. 
 
 Acquire, own. 
 
 Bamba, v. i. 
 
 Pera. 
 
 Escape. 
 
 Bamba, v. t. 
 
 Songa. 
 
 Follow. 
 
 Bambishe, v. t. 
 
 Periza. 
 
 Let escape. 
 
 Banhtha, v. t. 
 
 Bukunla. 
 
 Speak plainly, openly 
 
 Bata. v. i. 
 
 Kwa oge. 
 
 Faint. 
 
 Bata, v. i. 
 
 Teva. 
 
 Wet. 
 
 Batyie, v. t. 
 
 Baria. 
 
 Dress. 
 
 Bata, v. t. 
 
 Bara. 
 
 Wear. 
 
 Batha, v. i. 
 
 Banla. 
 
 Rot. 
 
 Batha, v. t. 
 
 Piza. 
 
 Bore, wring. 
 
 Beba, v. i. 
 
 Feva. 
 
 Become bad. 
 
37 
 
 BakSlS. 
 
 Bebishe, v. t. 
 Bebi, a. 
 Bebilia, v. i. 
 Belie, v. t. 
 Bemba, v. i. 
 Belishe, v. t. 
 Bena, v. t. 
 Beni, a. 
 Benia, v. i. 
 Benitha, v. t. 
 Benja, v. i. 
 Beta, v. i. 
 Bete, a. 
 Betha, v. i. 
 Betya, v. i. 
 Betyibe, v. i. 
 Betyie, v. t. 
 Beya, v. i. 
 Be, v. n, 
 Bemba, v. t. 
 Bemba, v. t. 
 Benhethe, v. t. 
 Bethe, v. t. 
 Bia, ad. 
 Bia, ad. 
 Bianh, 9. 
 Biali, 9. 
 
 Biali-bi-ntanga, 9. 
 Biali-bivailie, 9. 
 Bianhsha. 
 Biatha, v. t. 
 Biatyi, 9. 
 Bianhe, 9. 
 Bianh, 9. 
 Biba, 1, pi. 
 Bidia, 1, pi. 
 Bideli, ad. 
 Bieke, pi. biekani, 
 Biethiba, v. i. 
 Bietha, v. t. 
 Bietyi, 9. 
 Bietyi. 9. 
 9. 
 
 Bikaki, 9. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Feviza. 
 
 Make bad. 
 
 Sifweni. 
 
 Cooked. 
 
 Fevana. 
 
 Be bad for each other. 
 
 Fweniza. 
 
 Cook. 
 
 Dinga. 
 
 Be a long time. 
 
 Pandiza. 
 
 Cause to ascend. 
 
 Numba. 
 
 Hate. 
 
 Ralie. 
 
 Full. 
 
 Nongwa. 
 
 Straighten up. 
 
 Eongunia. 
 
 Raise up. 
 
 Simina. 
 
 Groan. 
 
 Panda. 
 
 Ascend. 
 
 Bata. 
 
 Perched. 
 
 Fwena. 
 
 Be done (cooked). 
 
 Dogwa. 
 
 Fly, jump. 
 
 Batamina. 
 
 Alight. 
 
 Nunga. 
 
 Light (a candle). 
 
 Banda. 
 
 Pipen. 
 
 Pegaga. 
 
 Be. 
 
 ISTegira. 
 
 Beg. 
 
 Komba. 
 
 Dodge. 
 
 Kelagela. 
 
 Examine. 
 
 Benla. 
 
 Plant. 
 
 ISTyawe. 
 
 29a-. 
 
 Bu. 
 
 Recumbently. 
 
 Ngango. 
 
 Medicine. 
 
 Owaro. 
 
 Canoe. 
 
 Owa-tanga. 
 
 Ship. 
 
 Owar-otutu. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 Nganle. 
 
 Hoarseness. 
 
 Jana. 
 
 Beget, bring forth. 
 
 Ozamba. 
 
 Side (of a place). 
 
 Ibobo. 
 
 Cowardice. 
 
 Ipunju. 
 
 Brain. 
 
 Inyena. 
 
 Gain, profit, pay. 
 
 Inya. 
 
 Food. 
 
 Polu. 
 
 Much, very much. 
 
 Mbolo. 
 
 Word of salutation. 
 
 Koto. 
 
 Be caught. 
 
 Kota. 
 
 Catch. 
 
 ]STyilinu. 
 
 Dream. 
 
 Oganla. 
 
 Idol (bust). 
 
 Mbato. 
 
 Stinginess (about mo- 
 
 
 ney). 
 
 Evilie. 
 
 Food (of a former meal), 
 
38 
 
 BakSle. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Bikutyika. 
 
 Iyeye. 
 
 Cramp, sleeps (as a limb). 
 
 Bikamikamie. 
 
 Kyawenyawe. 
 
 Nothing. 
 
 Bikieli. 
 
 Avono. 
 
 Skill, cunning. 
 
 Bikanjika. 
 
 Ekenje. 
 
 Intense pain. 
 
 Bikami, 9. 
 
 Evungu. 
 
 Piazza. 
 
 Bikuka. 
 
 Igeveli. 
 
 Sprain. 
 
 Binda, v. t. 
 
 Binda. 
 
 Mash. 
 
 Binete. 
 
 Dira. 
 
 Slowly (in speaking). 
 
 Bindembi, 9. 
 
 Erumbe. 
 
 Childhood. 
 
 Binhisha, v. i. 
 
 Sambakanla. 
 
 Be restless, sleepless. 
 
 Bingili, 9. 
 
 Ongili. 
 
 Shot.^ . 
 
 Binyunh. 
 
 Ogele. 
 
 Stinginess (about food). 
 
 Bioi, 9. 
 
 Onlembe. 
 
 Honey. 
 
 Bishambe. 
 
 Evanga. 
 
 Beauty (of person). 
 
 Bishamba-gwana. 
 
 Ombia-gwana. 
 
 Hypocrite. 
 
 Bisha, 1, pi. 
 
 Amanli. 
 
 Grass. 
 
 Bishawuli, 1, pi. 
 
 Abobo. 
 
 Lungs. 
 
 Bishikwe, 9. 
 
 Ogwirinu. 
 
 Back-yard. 
 
 Bishika, 1. 
 
 Ati. 
 
 Excrement. 
 
 Bishonji, 9. 
 
 Kkaoge. 
 
 Stolen-wife. 
 
 Bityunh. 
 
 JST]asini. 
 
 Weariness. 
 
 Bit'ha, v. t. 
 
 Bola. 
 
 Whip, beat. 
 
 Bithanh, 9. 
 
 Ozange. 
 
 Light. 
 
 Bitholie, 9. 
 
 Eroviarovia. 
 
 Nausea. 
 
 Bithonh, 9. 
 
 Mpyu. 
 
 Heat (of fire). 
 
 Bivenishi, 9. 
 
 Egenizo. 
 
 Measure (of quantity). 
 
 Biveke, 9. 
 
 Mpaga. 
 
 Gift, present. 
 
 Biwoli, 9. 
 
 Itua. 
 
 Sharpness (of a tool). 
 
 Biwnsha, 9. 
 
 Igingi. 
 
 Awkwardness. 
 
 Bo, ad. 
 
 Nlenla. 
 
 To-day. 
 
 Boba, v. t. 
 
 Boata. 
 
 Touch, feel of. 
 
 Boka, v. t. 
 
 Boka. 
 
 Take out the inside of a 
 
 tree. 
 Break. 
 
 Bolie, v. i. 
 
 Juwa. 
 
 Bomita, v. i. 
 
 Datana. 
 
 Meet, assemble. 
 
 Bomilie, v. t. 
 
 Bulla. 
 
 Notify, inform. 
 
 Boma, v. t. 
 
 Duka. 
 
 Knock. 
 
 Boma, v. t. (with 
 
 
 mapende). 
 
 Dowa mpaga. 
 
 Doubt, disbelieve. 
 
 Boine, 4. 
 
 Monda. 
 
 Amulet. 
 
 Bonda, ad. 
 
 Donge. 
 
 First. 
 
 Bonhatha, v. t. 
 
 Bulia. 
 
 Speak. 
 
 Bonda, v. t. 
 
 Bonda. 
 
 Concert. 
 
 Bonie, v. i. 
 
 Pokwa. 
 
 Become dull (as a tool.) 
 
39 
 
 Bakele. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 En dish. 
 
 Bonha, v. t. 
 
 Jonga. 
 
 Join, 
 
 Boshe, 9. 
 
 Ozyo. 
 
 Face. 
 
 Botha, v. t. 
 
 Jarunla. 
 
 Break (a dish). 
 
 Buka, v. t. 
 
 Maguna. 
 
 Break (stick or pole). 
 
 Bukwa, v. i. 
 
 Magwa. 
 
 Break. 
 
 Bulie, v. t. 
 
 Bunliza. 
 
 Make abound. 
 
 Buli, 9. 
 
 Obulungu. 
 
 Cavern. 
 
 Bulia, v. i. 
 
 Fwinia. 
 
 Return. 
 
 Bulishe, v. t. 
 
 Fwiniza. 
 
 Return. 
 
 Bumbilie, v. t. 
 
 Bundakaina. 
 
 Spoil, destroy. 
 
 Bunlie, v. t. 
 
 Bekelia. 
 
 Trust in. 
 
 Bupa, v. t. 
 
 Pika. 
 
 Roast. 
 
 Buta, ad. 
 
 Bundu. 
 
 Up side down, on the 
 
 belly. 
 Be many, abound. 
 
 Butlia, v. i. 
 
 Bunla. 
 
 Butyie, v. t. 
 
 Bonla. 
 
 Turn upside down. 
 
 Butyitha, v. t. 
 
 Jonga. 
 
 Smoke (tobacco). 
 
 Butyiba, v. i. 
 
 Jugumia. 
 
 Brood. 
 
 Buya, v. t. 
 
 Bunduna. 
 
 Stir around. 
 
 Daka, v. i. 
 
 D. 
 
 JSTagana. 
 
 Pass by, excel. 
 
 Dakami, ad. 
 
 Yiagann. 
 
 More. 
 
 Dalie, v. i. 
 
 Dalia. 
 
 Cross (a river). 
 
 Dambitka, v. t. 
 
 Dura. 
 
 Pull, draw. 
 
 Daka, v. i. 
 
 Dudio. 
 
 Be weary. 
 
 Daliba, v. i. 
 
 Demba. 
 
 Bow the head. 
 
 Dalie, v. fc. 
 
 Dembiza. 
 
 Bow the head. 
 
 Dal a, a. 
 
 Lembe. 
 
 Bowed down (as the 
 bead). 
 
 Damilie, v. t. 
 
 Ivamina. 
 
 Drive (a nail), ram. 
 
 Dashe, v. t. 
 
 Jasiza. 
 
 Weary. 
 
 Dela, v. i. 
 
 Jala. 
 
 Be hard, strong. 
 
 Deli, a. 
 
 Jali. 
 
 Hard, strong. 
 
 Delishe. 
 
 Jaliza. 
 
 Harden. 
 
 Deke, a. 
 
 Jinavina. 
 
 Tottering. 
 
 Dembilie, v. t. 
 
 Sola" 
 
 Dash down. 
 
 Dengilie, v. t. 
 
 Dengelia. 
 
 Insult, disrespect. 
 
 Denk, v. i. 
 
 Shata. 
 
 Skulk, lay wait. 
 
 Dete, y. t. 
 
 Bola itu. 
 
 Joke, feign. 
 
 Dia, v. t. 
 
 Nye. 
 
 Eat. 
 
 Diabi, 2. 
 
 Igonu. 
 
 Summit (of a hill). 
 
 Diainh, 2. 
 
 Ejalini. 
 
 Strength (of rum, tobac- 
 co, etc.) 
 
 Diaki, 2. 
 
 Iki. 
 
 Egg-: 
 
40 
 
 Bakele. 
 
 Diambi, 2. 
 Diana, 2. 
 Dianh, v. t. 
 Dianhlie, v. fr, 
 Dianhi, 2. 
 Diashika, 2. 
 Diatba, 2. 
 Diala, 2. 
 Diali, 2. 
 Diba, v. t. 
 Dibabaka, 2, 
 Dibaki, 2. 
 Dibambi, 2. 
 Dibambi, 2. 
 Dibanda, 2. 
 Dibanja, 2. 
 Dibanja, 2. 
 Dibali, 2, 
 Dibanhtha, 2. 
 Dibanh, 2. 
 Dibanda, 2. 
 Dibata, 2. 
 Dibeka, 2. 
 Dibeki, 2. 
 Dibeli, 2. 
 Dibeirjika, 2. 
 
 Dibethe, 2, 
 Dibeta, 2. 
 Dibilia, v.i. 
 Dibilie, v. t. 
 Dibia, v. i. 
 Dibibiki, 2. 
 Dibitba, v. t. 
 Diboka, 2. 
 Dibo, 2. 
 Dibom, 2. 
 Dibonb, 2, 
 Diboki, 2. 
 Dibowa, 2. 
 Diboli, 2. 
 Dibomi, a. 
 Dibomba, 2. 
 Dibupi, 2. 
 Dibimba, 2. 
 Dibnki, 2. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Osaon. 
 
 Nkenga. 
 
 Pera. 
 
 Kubunla. 
 
 Egunu. 
 
 Ompombana. 
 
 Inyanla. 
 
 Ivombo. 
 
 Ewomba. 
 
 Nunja. 
 
 Epomba. 
 
 Ibaku. 
 
 Ibambo. 
 
 Egoro. 
 
 Nkenje. 
 
 Nasfy'owanto. 
 
 ObS. 
 
 Igavi. 
 
 Mpanga. 
 
 Ivnva. 
 
 Ivagina. 
 
 Akewa. 
 
 Ibeka. 
 
 Ntyago. 
 
 Ombeni, Goora. 
 
 Eteno. 
 
 Iwenle. 
 
 Enlime. 
 
 Nun jo. 
 
 Puga. 
 
 Nongwa. 
 
 Itita. 
 
 Nungunla. 
 
 Eboko. 
 
 Ntyozyo. 
 
 Iniva. 
 
 Ikasha. 
 
 Igwera. 
 
 Ompogoni. 
 
 EwoJa. 
 
 Ralie. 
 
 Ndaga. 
 
 Igen. 
 
 Evendini. 
 
 Ibnka. 
 
 English. 
 
 Thing, concern. 
 
 Disposition, gentleness. 
 
 Get, bring (water). 
 
 Dip up (water). 
 
 Anger. 
 
 Door-way. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 Boil. 
 
 Nape. 
 
 Sbut. 
 
 Poll (of food). 
 
 Stubbing (of the foot). 
 
 Departed spirit. 
 
 Sheatb. 
 
 Gizzard. 
 
 Woman's house. 
 
 Iron-bar. 
 
 War. 
 
 Joint (cane).' 
 
 Knee. 
 
 Charge (of gun). 
 
 Thanks, blessing. 
 
 Music-box. 
 
 Feast, sacrifice. 
 
 Goora nut. 
 
 Partition, end (of a 
 
 house). 
 Teat, breast. 
 Patch. 
 Shut in. 
 Enclose. 
 Pise up. 
 Scratch. 
 Open. 
 
 Small of the back. 
 Foot, paw. 
 
 Money (article of trade), 
 Bridge. 
 Notch. ■ 
 Hole, lair. 
 Charge (of powder). 
 Fall. 
 
 Cause, reason. 
 Meat (cooked in leaves). 
 Size. 
 Panting, vexation. 
 
41 
 
 BakSle. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Dibunja, 2. 
 
 Nyurnba. 
 
 Foliage. 
 
 Dibum, 2. 
 
 Inyeme. 
 
 Foetus. 
 
 Dibongwe, 2. 
 
 Igamba. 
 
 Word. 
 
 Dibundi, 2. 
 
 Qkorue. 
 
 Binding (of a garment). 
 
 Dibiaki, 2. 
 
 Mpandino. 
 
 Ladder. 
 
 Didianh, 2. 
 
 Evero. 
 
 Spring, brook. 
 
 Didodo, 2. 
 
 Ododo. 
 
 Steelyards. 
 
 Didutha, 2. 
 
 Igenga. 
 
 Swarm of bees. 
 
 Dieba, v. i. 
 
 Tanginla. 
 
 Be prohibited. 
 
 Dieke, 2. 
 
 Ivanga. 
 
 Law. 
 
 Dieshe, v. t. 
 
 Nyeza. 
 
 Feed, Pardon. 
 
 Dieka, 2. 
 
 Iwonlo. 
 
 Bitumen. 
 
 Dieya, 2. 
 
 Igambo. 
 
 Fine (for adultery). 
 
 Digewa, 2. 
 
 Igega. 
 
 Sea crab. 
 
 Digei, a. 
 
 Agei. 
 
 Fresh (water). 
 
 Digeba, 2. 
 
 Igeva.. 
 
 Negro-dance. 
 
 Digwele, 2. 
 
 Qwela. 
 
 Paint. 
 
 Digvvera, 2. 
 
 Igwera. 
 
 Mark, pound, hour. 
 
 Digwanja, 2. 
 
 Iwanja. 
 
 Young-man. 
 
 Dijaka, 2. 
 
 Induanclua. 
 
 Bubble. 
 
 Dika, v. i. 
 
 Pia. 
 
 Burn. 
 
 Dikaki, 2. 
 
 Ndeke. 
 
 Knot (of plantains). 
 
 Dikanh, 2. 
 
 JSTyonga. 
 
 Time, repetition. 
 
 Dikatha, 2. 
 
 Nkegeni. 
 
 Spark (of fire). 
 
 Dikaki, 2. 
 
 Ido. 
 
 Pock, stone. 
 
 Dika-diebi, 2. 
 
 Ido-nyiporina. 
 
 Whet-stone. 
 
 Dikanh, 2. 
 
 Iganga. 
 
 Spear. 
 
 Dikanji, 2. 
 
 ISTtyame. 
 
 Hand. 
 
 Dikanjili, 2. 
 
 Nkere. 
 
 Cleanliness. 
 
 Dikenje, 2. 
 
 Ido-nyi-njali. 
 
 Gun-flint. 
 
 Dikieli, 2. 
 
 Diana. 
 
 Disposition. 
 
 Dikielikwe, 2. 
 
 Nkere. 
 
 Cleanliness. 
 
 Dikienge, 2. 
 
 Ikenge. 
 
 Skill. 
 
 Dikika, 2. 
 
 Ikika. 
 
 Only child. 
 
 Dikili, 2. 
 
 JNjembe. 
 
 Female society (for devil 
 worship). 
 
 Dikitha, 2. 
 
 Ntyina. 
 
 Blood. 
 
 Dikubi, 2, 
 
 Nk-iifi. 
 
 Large coarse mat. 
 
 Dikuli, 2. 
 
 Ekangwe. 
 
 Humpback. 
 
 Diknkwi, 2. 
 
 Ikuku. 
 
 Sail. 
 
 Dikumba, 2. 
 
 Igumba. 
 
 Cargo, effects. 
 
 Dikunjiki, 2. 
 
 Iyela. 
 
 Place for trash. 
 
 Dikunda, 2. 
 
 
 Revenging. 
 
 Dikushi, 2. 
 
 Iwaga. 
 
 Mourning (for dead). 
 
 Dikwaka, 2. 
 
 Ibaka. 
 
 Fallen-tree. 
 
42 
 
 Bakolo. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Dila, a. 
 
 Dira. 
 
 Heavy. 
 
 Dila, 2. 
 
 llanga. 
 
 Lilly. 
 
 Dilala, 2. 
 
 Mia. 
 
 Pawpaw-tree and fruit. 
 
 Dikimba, 2. 
 
 Oromba. 
 
 Horn, bugle. 
 
 Dilata, 2. 
 
 Ilatu. 
 
 Mate, second in power. 
 
 Dileka, 2. 
 
 Igamba. 
 
 Word. 
 
 Diliasa, 2. 
 
 lash a. 
 
 Orange-tree and fruit. 
 
 Dilanji, 2. 
 
 Irandi. 
 
 Oyster. 
 
 Dilobi, 2. 
 
 Iboboti. 
 
 Spider. 
 
 Diloshi, 2. 
 
 Oloshi. 
 
 Lime-tree and fruit. 
 
 Diloki, 2. 
 
 Iroki. 
 
 Button. 
 
 Dilonga, 2. v 
 
 Oronga. 
 
 Channel. 
 
 Diluki, 2. 
 
 Ezambi. 
 
 A woman of one's tribe 
 
 Diluma, 2. 
 
 Igavi. 
 
 War. 
 
 Dimange, a. 
 
 Mezwe. 
 
 Left handed. 
 
 Dimbila, 2. 
 
 Oyila. 
 
 # Palm-tree and fruit. 
 
 Dimilia, v. i. 
 
 Huwunla. 
 
 Be last. 
 
 Dimba, v. i. 
 
 Nimbanla. 
 
 Be hid. 
 
 Dimanhtba, 2. 
 
 Mpanga. 
 
 Joint. 
 
 Dim a, v. t. 
 
 Nima. 
 
 Extinguish. 
 
 Diminikwe, 2. 
 
 Ikendekende. 
 
 Meekness. 
 
 Dimuki, 2. 
 
 Iwugu. 
 
 Cheek. 
 
 Dimbitha, v. t. 
 
 Fwema. 
 
 Mistake, err. 
 
 Diiribishe, v. t. 
 
 Fwemiza. 
 
 Cause to err. 
 
 Dingamaki, 2. 
 
 Iliria. 
 
 Knot (in a tree). 
 
 Dingbami, 2. 
 
 Izauzau. 
 
 Sourness. 
 
 Dingutyi, 2. 
 
 Ombutowa. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Dinyiif, 2. 
 
 JSTtyonjo. 
 
 Leech. 
 
 Dinzyambi, % 
 
 Ozyevi. 
 
 Spoon. 
 
 Dinya, 2. 
 
 Iwenle. 
 
 Teat (of an animal). 
 
 Dinganga, 2. 
 
 JSTgambi. 
 
 One-stringed harp. 
 
 Dinha, v. t. 
 
 Tonda. 
 
 Love. 
 
 Din hi i a, v. i. 
 
 Tondana. 
 
 Love each other. 
 
 Dina, 2. 
 
 In a. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Dinhshe, v. t. 
 
 Tondiza. 
 
 Cause to love. 
 
 Dinanh, 2. 
 
 Qna. 
 
 Loins. 
 
 Dingumba, 2. 
 
 Isuka. 
 
 Wife, lent to a guest. 
 
 Dinganli, 2. 
 
 Egagali. 
 
 Mpanda. 
 
 Adam's-apple. 
 
 f )invaliki, 2. 
 
 Hoof. 
 
 Dioi, 2. 
 
 Inyoi. 
 
 Yoice, nose. 
 
 Diomba, 2. 
 
 Igeu. 
 
 Round bundle. 
 
 Diongilie, v. t. 
 
 Nolan! a. 
 
 Deceive, swindle. 
 
 Dioba, 2. 
 
 Nkombe. 
 
 Sun. 
 
 Dionhtha, 2. 
 
 Ntyongakaino. 
 
 Joint. 
 
 Diotyi, 2. 
 
 Kolu. 
 
 Net-ba» 
 
43 
 
 Bakolo. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Dioya, v. i. 
 
 Bioga. 
 
 Beloh. 
 
 Die, conj. 
 
 Ndo ; 
 
 And. 
 
 Dipaka, 2. 
 
 Ipaka. 
 
 Permanent residence. 
 
 Dipaki, 2. 
 
 Mpanga. 
 
 Matter. 
 
 Dipa, v. t. 
 
 Ivorina. 
 
 Tie (a package). 
 
 Dipa, ad. 
 
 Dadio. 
 
 Alone. 
 
 Dipenga, 2. 
 
 Igiima. 
 
 Large circular spots. 
 
 Dipepika, 2. 
 
 Menga. 
 
 Pigeon. 
 
 Dipepikwa, 2. 
 
 Evagazya. 
 
 Fin. 
 
 Dishali, 2. 
 
 Izyali. 
 
 Unmarried female. 
 
 Dish aba, 2. 
 
 Nkinji. 
 
 Collection (of things). 
 
 Dishali, 2. 
 
 ISTumbo. 
 
 Bow (of canoe). 
 
 Dishe, v. t. 
 
 Pezya. 
 
 Burn. 
 
 Dishala, 2. 
 
 Ishala. 
 
 Need, care, concern. 
 
 Dishesha, 2. 
 
 Ishesba. 
 
 Young-woman. 
 
 Dishatha, 2. 
 
 Izyambunlo. 
 
 Hiding-place. 
 
 Dishei, 2. 
 
 Ntyenge. 
 
 Sand. 
 
 Dishi, 2. 
 
 Intya. 
 
 Eye. 
 
 Dishubiki, 2. 
 
 Ombu. 
 
 Ashes. 
 
 Disheliki, 2. 
 
 Ntyenji. 
 
 Cricket. 
 
 Dishosha, 2. 
 
 Okonclo. 
 
 Heap, pile. 
 
 Dishola, 2. 
 
 Ndendendi. 
 
 Blister (by a burn). 
 
 Dishombika, 2, 
 
 Irenda. 
 
 Thorn. 
 
 Dishombi, 2. 
 
 Igolo. 
 
 Trade. 
 
 Dishoa, 2. 
 
 Ina. 
 
 Tooth. 
 
 Dishowa, 2. 
 
 Epwi. 
 
 Stool, chair. 
 
 Dishoki, 2. 
 
 Egani. 
 
 Rapids. 
 
 Dishunh, 2. 
 
 Oshasba. 
 
 Brass-rod. 
 
 Dishusha, 2. 
 
 Isusa. 
 
 Wadding. 
 
 Ditamba, 2. 
 
 Itaniba. 
 
 Paw. 
 
 Ditata, 2. 
 
 Itata. 
 
 Banana. 
 
 Ditai, 2. 
 
 Irara. 
 
 Drop, navel, step (of a 
 mast). 
 
 Dithabi, 2. 
 
 Ilava. 
 
 Fish-hook. 
 
 Dithanji, 2. 
 
 Xgwana. 
 
 Spittle. 
 
 Dityia,' 2. 
 
 Iliria. 
 
 Knot (in a string.) 
 
 Dityinda, 2. 
 
 Etumbutunibu . 
 
 Breech (of a gun). 
 
 Ditana, 2. 
 
 
 Spot, speck. 
 
 Ditoka, 2. 
 
 Ibela. 
 
 Want, desire. 
 
 Dityunjiki, 2. 
 
 Ntulungu. 
 
 Corner, angle. 
 
 Dityutyi, 2. 
 
 Enimba. 
 
 Bamboo-tree. 
 
 Dityili', 2. 
 
 ISTtumbu. 
 
 Heel. 
 
 Diveka, 2. 
 
 Elingilio. 
 
 Mark, sign. 
 
 Divelesk, 2. 
 
 Evelesh. 
 
 Handkerchief. 
 
 Divala, 2. 
 
 Inlooffa. 
 
 Nation, tribe, kingdom 
 
 Diveb, 2. 
 
 Ifwi. 
 
 Cold. 
 
44 
 
 Bakele. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Divenji, 2. 
 Dive, 2. 
 Divwityiki, 2. 
 Diwamba, 2. 
 
 Ogavalie. 
 Ipa. 
 
 Mpiri. 
 Igamba. 
 
 Ravine. 
 Wages. 
 Darkness. 
 Land-crab. 
 
 Diwatyi, 2. 
 
 Isinga. 
 
 Hunting-net. 
 
 Diwombi, 2. 
 
 Ikuku. 
 
 Sail. 
 
 Diwombi, 2. 
 
 Eviga. 
 
 Wen. 
 
 Diwalanga, 2. 
 
 Egalanga. 
 
 Sea-sickness. 
 
 Diwula, 2. 
 
 Ikweliki. 
 
 Betrothment money. 
 
 Diyokwe. 
 Diya, v. i. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 Doanla. 
 
 Mpongwe language. 
 Sit, reside. 
 
 Do, ad. 
 
 Be. 
 
 Not. 
 
 Dona, v. t. 
 
 Jena mbia. 
 
 Be glad, rejoice. 
 
 Du, 2. 
 
 Inu. 
 
 Eire. 
 
 Duba, v. t. 
 
 Fela. 
 
 Put to soak. 
 
 Dubia, v. i. 
 
 Tongwa. 
 
 Rise (as sun). 
 
 Dubitha, v. t. 
 
 Tomba. 
 
 Take out of soaking. 
 
 Duka, v. t. 
 
 JSTuga. 
 
 Paddle, row. 
 
 Dumba, 2. 
 
 Igumba. 
 
 Cargo, effects. 
 
 Dumitha, v. t. 
 
 Dukana. 
 
 Impinge, butt. 
 
 Duma, v. t. 
 
 Bola. 
 
 Shoot, fall (from a 
 
 Dumilie, v. t. 
 
 Doka. 
 
 height). 
 Knock. 
 
 Dusba, v. i. 
 
 Kagwa. 
 
 Go out of doors. 
 
 Dushi, 2, 
 
 
 A brush. 
 
 Dushitha, v. t. 
 
 Denga. 
 
 Find. 
 
 Gwa, v. i. 
 
 G. 
 
 Juwa. 
 
 Die. 
 
 Gwana, 3. 
 
 Ogwana. 
 Mwetina. 
 
 Mouth. 
 
 G wash a, v. t. 
 
 Motion to, wink at. 
 
 Gwale, 4. 
 
 Oroi. 
 
 Ear. 
 
 Gwemi, a. 
 
 Bui. 
 
 Open, unobstructed. 
 
 Gwetba, v. i. 
 
 Poa. 
 
 Eail, dry up. 
 
 Gweke, a. 
 
 Nonga. 
 
 First. 
 
 J a, v. i. 
 
 J. 
 
 Bulia. 
 
 Say. 
 
 Ja, 1. 
 
 Jabitha, v. t. 
 Jaki, 1. 
 
 Oyembo. 
 
 Koga. 
 
 Xkundu. 
 
 Song. 
 
 Gape, spread, open. 
 
 Bird's nest. 
 
 Jaka, v. t. 
 
 Pengunla. 
 
 Castrate. 
 
 Jakwe, v. t. 
 
 Talia. 
 
 Place upon. 
 
 Jamitha, v. t. 
 
 J am ilia, v. t. 
 
 Jogolia. 
 Bogina. 
 
 Mock, disregard. 
 Halloo, shout. 
 
45 
 
 BakS16. 
 
 Jamisha, ad. 
 Janh, v. t. 
 Janga, 1. 
 
 Janja, v. t. 
 Janie, v. t. 
 Janhtha, v. t. 
 Japa, 1. 
 Jatha, v, i. 
 Jatha, v. t. 
 Jaka, v. i. 
 Jala, v. t. 
 Jalia, v. i. 
 Jalie, v. t. 
 Jame, v. i. 
 Jamba, v. t. 
 Jamitha, v. t. 
 Janja, v. i. 
 Janba, v. i. 
 Jatha, y. t. 
 Jatha, v. t. 
 Jeba, v. t. 
 Jeba, v. i. 
 Jebishe, v. t. 
 Jebe, v. i. 
 Jeka, v. t. 
 Jeli, 1. 
 Jeliba, v. i. 
 Jela, v. i. 
 Jelishe, v. t. 
 Jelia, v. t. 
 Jelie, v. t. 
 Jemia, v. i. 
 Jemitha, v. t. 
 Jeraba, v. i. 
 Jena, 1. 
 Jene, v. t. 
 Jenishe, v. t. 
 Jenjitha, v. i. 
 Jeni, 1. 
 Jemilia, v. i. 
 Jetha, v. t. 
 Jelie, v. t. 
 Jeli, 1. 
 Jembele, 1. 
 Jiba, v. t. 
 Jiesha, v. t. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Kaporo. 
 
 Much more. 
 
 Kanga. 
 
 Parch, fry. 
 
 Oganjo. 
 
 Switch (of elephant's 
 
 tail). 
 Rob, plunder. 
 
 Kwera. 
 
 Jania. 
 
 Spread. 
 
 Janga. 
 
 Singe. 
 
 Epokolu. 
 
 Basket. 
 
 Jaguna. 
 
 Creep. 
 
 Jemba. 
 
 Sing. 
 
 Jaga. 
 
 Swim. 
 
 Jaga. 
 
 Warm one's self, bask. 
 
 Jawa. 
 
 Rest. 
 
 Kemba. 
 
 Paint. 
 
 Bia. 
 
 Is coming. 
 
 Kamba. 
 
 Scrape. 
 
 Kagunia. 
 
 Take off or out. 
 
 Senia. 
 
 Start (on a journey). 
 
 Tia. 
 
 Be fearful, cowardly. 
 
 Jonla. 
 
 Laugh. 
 
 Saga. 
 
 Anoint, smear. 
 
 Poria. 
 
 Whet. 
 
 Panda. 
 
 Pandia. 
 
 Jezya. 
 
 Panga. 
 
 Erere. 
 
 Jivira. 
 
 Jela. 
 
 Jeliza. 
 
 Keniza. 
 
 J^enja. 
 
 Jema. 
 
 Jemiza. 
 
 Jina. 
 
 Oyeno. 
 
 Jena. 
 
 Jeniza. 
 
 Beiya. 
 
 Ezyeni. 
 
 Men a. 
 
 Nenga. 
 
 Jekelia. 
 
 Ilelu. 
 
 Egeza. 
 
 Jufa. 
 
 Shega. 
 
 Climb, ascend. 
 
 Cause to ascend. 
 
 Lean, incline. 
 
 Make (a law). 
 
 Tree. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Be in distress. 
 
 Distress. 
 
 Trv, measure, take aim. 
 
 Teach. 
 
 Awake, be awake. 
 
 Awaken. 
 
 Dance. 
 
 Looking-glass, patch. 
 
 See. 
 
 Cause to see. 
 
 Luff. 
 
 Landing. 
 
 Be accustomed. 
 
 Learn. 
 
 Judge. 
 
 Beard. 
 
 Anger, gimblet. 
 
 Steal. 
 
 Mimic. 
 
46 
 
 Bakele. 
 
 Jika, v. t. 
 Jimie, 1. 
 Jinda, v. t. 
 Jinia, v. i. 
 Jinitha, v. t. 
 Jiya, v. t. 
 Joa, 1. 
 Jobu, 1. 
 Jebitha, v. t. 
 Joka, v. t. 
 Joka-lokwe, v. t. 
 Jolia, v. t. 
 Joma, v. t. 
 Jomi, a. 
 Jombi, 4. 
 Jomi a, v. i. 
 Jomitha, v. t. 
 Jombitha, v. t. 
 Jonha, v. t. 
 Jonji, 1. 
 Jopitha, v. t. 
 Jotha, v. t. 
 Juba, 1. 
 Juisne, y. t. 
 Juka, v. t. 
 Jul a, v. i. 
 Julishe, v. t. 
 Juma, v. t. 
 Junh, 1. 
 Jungwe, v. t. 
 Jushi, a. 
 Jutha, v. t. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Sindinla. 
 
 Animwa. 
 
 Maga. 
 
 Janginia. 
 
 Janginia. 
 
 Kila. 
 
 Mvona. 
 
 Ongwanga. 
 
 Jovunla. 
 
 Jaga. 
 
 Sheva. 
 
 Poganio. 
 
 Jinga. 
 
 ISTjomi. 
 
 Ndego. 
 
 Tongwa. 
 
 Tongunia. 
 
 Daginla. 
 
 Sbuga. 
 
 Ntugu. 
 
 Sanga. 
 
 Jona. 
 
 Eguwa. 
 
 Jagiza. 
 
 Jagiza. 
 
 Jora. 
 
 Joriza. 
 
 Jan a. 
 
 Iduba. 
 
 Bimbia. 
 
 Ogava. 
 
 Kill a. 
 
 English. 
 
 Endure. 
 
 Apparition. 
 
 Slander, belittle. 
 
 Melt (as lead, etc). 
 
 Melt. 
 
 Pulverize, grind. 
 
 Of same age. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 "Wash, bathe. 
 
 Hear, understand, feel. 
 
 Play. 
 
 Listen. 
 
 Cure, dry. 
 
 Dry. 
 
 Friend. 
 
 Revive, rise from dead. 
 
 Baise from tbe dead. 
 
 Desire, long for. 
 
 Drive away. 
 
 Loin. 
 
 Peel. 
 
 Kill, be worth. 
 
 Snot. 
 
 Hurt (another). 
 
 Hurt (one's self). 
 
 Be satiated. 
 
 Satiate. 
 
 Bear (give birth). 
 
 Pespect. 
 
 Pespect, reverence. 
 
 Thick (as cloth). 
 
 Pick up, gather up. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kaba, v. t. 
 Kabilie, 4. 
 Kaka, v. i. 
 Kali, 4. 
 Kala, v. t. 
 
 Kaliba, v. t. 
 
 Kala, v. i. 
 Kami *a, ad. 
 Kambilif', v. t. 
 Kanda, v. i. 
 
 Kera. 
 
 Eyavali. 
 
 Kaga. 
 
 Ongwangi. 
 
 Kila. 
 
 Keva. 
 
 Benl a. 
 Vendetua. 
 
 Kan la, 
 Kcuiba. 
 
 Divide. 
 
 Armpit. 
 
 Sour, spoil (as food). 
 
 Sister. 
 
 Pub chalk on the fore- 
 head. 
 
 Surpass, overcome (in a 
 trial). 
 
 Boil (as water). 
 
 Perhaps. 
 
 Defend, take part with. 
 
 Be painful, pain. 
 
47 
 
 BakSlS. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Kanh, v. t. 
 
 Taga. 
 
 Choke, overcome ( as 
 weeds corn). 
 
 Kanitha, v. t. 
 
 Kovina. 
 
 Speak, give illustration. 
 
 Kanhla, v. t, 
 
 Kenja. 
 
 Prepare (for a journey). 
 
 Kanhlie, v. t. 
 
 Bandamina. 
 
 Be careful of. 
 
 Kasha, v. i. 
 
 Konga. 
 
 Become lean. 
 
 Kasha, v. t. 
 
 Toa nl'inyeme. 
 
 Conceive. 
 
 Kashilie, v. t. 
 
 Savuga. 
 
 Wrap (a garment around 
 one). 
 
 Kasa, a. and v. 
 
 Kasa. 
 
 Sharp, scolding voice. 
 
 Kata, v. t. 
 
 Tena. 
 
 Cat. 
 
 Katha, v. 
 
 
 Stretch out. 
 
 Katha, v. t. 
 
 • Kemba. 
 
 Fence. 
 
 Kawe, 4. 
 
 Nkaga. 
 
 Armadillo. 
 
 Ka, conj. 
 
 Gambenle. 
 
 Therefore, then. 
 
 Kabitha, v. t. 
 
 Parana. 
 
 Disentangle, extricate. 
 
 Kabe, 4. 
 
 
 Hinge. 
 
 Kabilie, v. i. 
 
 Jaka. 
 
 Become entangled. 
 
 Kaka, v. t. 
 
 Kaga. 
 
 Shove, push, launch. 
 
 Kama, v. t. 
 
 Denda. 
 
 Do, make. 
 
 Kamba, v. t. 
 
 Kamba. 
 
 Walk to and fro. 
 
 Kami, 7. 
 
 Elendina. 
 
 Cross-bow. 
 
 Kanda, v. t. 
 
 Kanda. 
 
 Allure. 
 
 Kan a, conj. 
 
 Gainbenle. 
 
 Therefore, then. 
 
 Kashitha, v. i. 
 
 Kanla. 
 
 Cough. 
 
 Kata, a. 
 
 Bue. 
 
 Bent, crooked. 
 
 Katha, v. t. 
 
 Bnl i a. 
 
 Say, tell. 
 
 Kata, v. t. 
 
 Kata. 
 
 Question. 
 
 Katyiba, v. i. 
 
 Ke rue. 
 
 Be crooked. 
 
 Katyishe, v. t. 
 
 Pura rue. 
 
 Make crooked. 
 
 Keshe, v. t. 
 
 Fela. 
 
 Put, place. 
 
 Keta, v. i. 
 
 , Keta. 
 
 Become cold. 
 
 Keshe, a. 
 
 Ofafa. 
 
 Brittle. 
 
 Kia, a. 
 
 Eyanla. 
 
 Eew. 
 
 Kiava, ad. 
 
 Tetavena. 
 
 Just now. 
 
 Kiema, 4. 
 
 ISTkema. 
 
 Monkey. 
 
 Kieka, v. t. 
 
 Demba. 
 
 Taste. 
 
 Kie, v. i. 
 
 Kenda. 
 
 Go. 
 
 Kiele, v. t. 
 
 Noma. 
 
 Bite. 
 
 Kienhthe, v. t. 
 
 Semba. 
 
 Censure, blame. 
 
 Kieke, v. t. 
 
 Teva. 
 
 Hatch. 
 
 Kienh, v. t. 
 
 Shenginla. 
 
 Shave. 
 
 Kikami, a. 
 
 Ba. ' 
 
 Alive. 
 
 Kika, v. i. 
 
 Tola. 
 
 Be or become well. 
 
 Kin a, v. t. 
 
 Bika. 
 
 Dislike, reject. 
 
48 
 
 mm. 
 
 Kinh,7. 
 Kinjiki, 7. 
 Kio, ad. 
 Kishe, v. t. 
 
 Kiye, v. imp. 
 Koa, ad. 
 Koka, v. t. 
 Kola, v. i. 
 Kolie, 4. 
 Kolia, v. t. 
 Komba, v. t. 
 Kombitha, v. t. 
 Kome, or Kope, on- 
 ly in imp. 
 Konhwe, 4. 
 Koni, ad. 
 Konhitha, v. t. 
 Kopila, v. i. 
 Koshe, v. t. 
 Koshe, 4. 
 Kovitha, v. t. 
 Ku, a. 
 Kuba, 4. 
 Kuba, v. t. 
 Kubilie, v. t. 
 Kuli, 4. 
 Kulie, v. t. 
 Kumisha, conj. 
 Kuna, ad. 
 Kunda, v. i. 
 Kunda, v t. 
 Kuta, v. t. 
 Kutya, v. i. 
 Kutha, v. i. 
 Kutha, 4. 
 Kwa, v. i. 
 Kwalikwalie, 7* 
 Kwanh, v. t. 
 Kwanja, v. t. 
 Kwashe, ad. 
 Kwashitha, v. t. 
 Kwele, v. t. 
 Kwelie, v. t. 
 Kwete, v. t. 
 Kwishe, v. t. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Ompele. 
 Ntye. 
 Via. 
 Toliza. 
 
 Na tigare. 
 
 Kega. 
 
 Keka. 
 
 Negiza. 
 
 Okorue. 
 
 Kunda. 
 
 Panga. 
 
 Mepia. 
 
 Eiga. 
 
 Okanga. 
 
 Gunu. 
 
 Duka. 
 
 Pura rue. 
 
 Kekiza. 
 
 Ngozyo. 
 
 Kova. 
 
 Balie. 
 
 Njagani. 
 
 Janja. 
 
 Shuga. 
 
 Ekaga. 
 
 Bolangania. 
 
 Yende. 
 
 Piere. 
 
 Jega. 
 
 Fwiniza. 
 
 Fala. 
 
 Pera. 
 
 Bia. 
 
 Ktyigo. 
 
 Poswa. 
 
 Ibanga. 
 
 Shazya. 
 
 Pam biza. 
 
 Buku. 
 
 Bukunla. 
 
 Bega. 
 
 Selia. 
 
 Tumba. 
 
 Sira. 
 
 EDglish. 
 
 Neck. 
 
 Land. 
 
 Entirely, wholly. 
 
 Cure, help (in trouble), 
 
 save. 
 Stop a little. 
 Reclining on the side. 
 Suffice, hold. 
 Hasten. 
 
 Binding (of cloth). 
 Add. 
 
 Make, repair. 
 Do good. 
 
 Stop, quiet. 
 
 Shin. 
 
 Here. 
 
 Butt. 
 
 Warp. 
 
 Prepare. 
 
 Parrot. 
 
 Get, bring. 
 
 Full. 
 
 Fowl. 
 
 Work. 
 
 Shake. 
 
 Land-turtle. 
 
 Abuse, mal-treat. 
 
 If. 
 
 Near, soon. 
 
 Blossom (a plantain). 
 
 Avenge. 
 
 Throw away, forsake. 
 
 Be lost. 
 
 Arrive. 
 
 Chimpanzee. 
 
 Fall, be in the wrong. 
 
 Morning. 
 
 Strip off (leaves). 
 
 Purge. 
 
 Plainly, fearlessly, 
 
 Speak plainly. 
 
 Fall (trees). * 
 
 Mal-treat. 
 
 Dig. 
 
 Cause to fall, be against. 
 
49 
 
 BakSlS. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 L. 
 
 Laba, a. 
 
 Nda. 
 
 Long, tall. 
 
 Labibali, 5. 
 
 
 Crown (of tbe head). 
 
 Labishe, v. t. 
 
 Daviza. 
 
 Lengthen. 
 
 Labeni, 5. , 
 
 Numbini. 
 
 Hatred. 
 
 Laboke, 5. 
 
 Oyino. 
 
 A dance. 
 
 Ladinh, 5. 
 
 Ntondini. 
 
 Love, pleasure, will. 
 
 Laka, 3. 
 
 Mengo. 
 
 Horn. 
 
 Lakiki, 5. 
 
 Emenla. 
 
 Life. 
 
 Lakobaka, 6. 
 
 Xgugi. 
 
 Door. 
 
 Lakienhthe, 5. 
 
 Erumbe. 
 
 Infancy. 
 
 Lakapi, 6. 
 
 Nkabi. 
 
 Paddle, oar. 
 
 Lakumi, 6. 
 
 Elumi. 
 
 Fame. 
 
 Lalie, a. 
 
 Ntyaro. 
 
 Third. 
 
 Lambai, 6. 
 
 Ebangambanga. 
 
 Knee-pan. 
 
 Lambakitba, 6. 
 
 Ovamba. 
 
 Freckle. 
 
 Lambashi, 6. 
 
 Olonda. 
 
 Seed. 
 
 Lambanh, 6. 
 
 Igwera. 
 
 Notch, mark. 
 
 Lamba, v. t. 
 
 Namba. 
 
 Cook (by boiling). 
 
 Lam ban j a, 6. 
 
 Ongwanja. 
 
 Side (of a person). 
 
 Lambetha, 6. 
 
 Ivela. 
 
 Hole, pit. 
 
 Lambatha, 6. 
 
 Ntyini. 
 
 Common bouse fly. 
 
 Lambeya, 6. 
 
 Ibembe. 
 
 Pigeon. 
 
 Larnbenja, 6. 
 
 Mbenjo. 
 
 Thwart. 
 
 Lam bend a, 6. 
 
 Mbenda. 
 
 Ground-nut. 
 
 Lambunhi, a. 
 
 Oyiiwi. 
 
 White (hair). 
 
 Lambithi. 
 
 Mpira. 
 
 Pot-black, soot. 
 
 Lambinh, 6. 
 
 Erere. 
 
 Pole (for house building), 
 
 Landebe, 5. 
 
 
 Yalley. 
 
 Langaka, 5. 
 
 Ewonjo. 
 
 Head, sense. 
 
 Lanb, v. t. 
 
 Tanga. 
 
 Count, read. 
 
 Lanlia, v. t. 
 
 Pikilia. 
 
 Think. 
 
 Lanyaka, 5. 
 
 Ogaso. 
 
 Greediness. 
 
 Lanzyonh, 5. 
 
 Ozyonga. 
 
 Nose (of bellows). 
 
 Landoli, 6. 
 
 Ndoli. 
 
 Scar. 
 
 Langonja, 6. 
 
 Ompabo. 
 
 Bamboo-thatch. 
 
 Lanzyanh, 6. 
 
 Mbuma. 
 
 Egg-plant, tomato. 
 
 Landa, v. i, 
 
 Danda. 
 
 Crawl, glide, glance (as 
 
 eye). 
 End. 
 
 Landanga, 5 & 6. 
 
 Ntyai. 
 
 Landaka, 5. 
 
 Ntyanga. 
 
 Nail. 
 
 Lanjothi, 5 & 6. 
 
 Ntyovi. 
 
 Bamboo-nut. 
 
 Lanina, 6. 
 
 Mbina. 
 
 Louse. 
 
 Lanjasha. 
 
 Ntyangilia* 
 
 Rapidly, loudly (in 
 speaking). 
 
50 
 
 BakSlg. 
 
 Lanyui, 6. 
 Lanji, 3. 
 Lanjili, 6. 
 Lanzyobi, 6. 
 Lanyatha, 6. 
 Lanyonga, 6. 
 Lapuliki, 5. 
 Lapashi, 6. 
 Lapesha, 6. 
 Lashietha, 6. 
 Lashiya, 6. 
 Lashoi, 6. 
 Lata, v. t. 
 
 Lathem, 5. 
 Lavinya, 5. 
 Lawakwe, 5. 
 Lale, 5. 
 Lanh, v. 
 Leba, v. t. 
 Lebile, v. t. 
 Lema, 3. 
 Leninga, v. i. 
 Lepilie. 
 Leshilie, v. i. 
 Levisha, v. t. 
 Lebe, v. t. 
 Lenhbe, v. i. 
 Lenh, a. 
 Lemba, v. i. 
 Lenh, v. t. 
 Lenja, v. i. 
 Lenjishe, v. t. 
 Lende, v. t. 
 Lende, 3. 
 Lete, v. i. 
 Lepilie, v. t. 
 Lika, v. t. 
 Lilie, v. t. 
 Lima, v. t. 
 Limba, a. 
 Limbic, v. t. 
 Litha, v. i. 
 Liya, v. t. 
 Loba, v. t. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Nyowe. 
 
 Oganjo. 
 
 Igogozyo. 
 
 Ntyua. 
 
 Ogeule. 
 
 Nyonge._ 
 
 Ampunli. 
 
 Ileve. 
 
 Olonda. 
 
 Ntyelele. 
 
 Izyigo. 
 
 Orue. 
 
 Datiza. 
 
 Onleme. 
 
 Apina. 
 
 Ezambala. 
 
 Ake. 
 
 Koga. 
 
 Tevunla. 
 
 Tuminia. 
 
 Ntyondo. 
 
 Piagana. 
 
 Kambiza. 
 
 Peva. 
 
 Dewana. 
 
 Shila. 
 
 Tegwa. 
 
 Pega. 
 
 Jamina. 
 
 Shelia. 
 
 Jenja. 
 
 Jenjiza. 
 
 Tenda.^ 
 
 Orenda. 
 
 Pingwa. 
 
 Kambiza. 
 
 Tiga. 
 
 Pina. 
 
 Tumba. 
 
 Zowa. 
 
 Dura. 
 
 Tigana. 
 
 Nema. 
 
 Ta. 
 
 English. 
 
 Bee. 
 
 Fly-brush. 
 
 Shave, carpenter's plane. 
 Gall. 
 Flea. 
 Thread. 
 Froth, foam. 
 Palm, sole (of foot). 
 Flower. 
 White-ant. 
 A plum. 
 Hair. 
 
 Put, bring, or sew toge- 
 ther. 
 Tongue. 
 Pus. 
 Broom. 
 Laughter. 
 
 Crow, halloo, sound. 
 Punish, reprove. 
 Show. 
 Heart. 
 
 Pass through. 
 Follow, chase. 
 Stagger. 
 Forget. 
 
 Disobey, cock (a gun). 
 Lean, incline. 
 Leaning. 
 
 Move (to the lee side). 
 Deride, laugh at. 
 Dawn. 
 
 Make to dawn, enlighten. 
 Write. 
 
 Letter (of alphabet). 
 Go around. 
 Pursue, chase, follow. 
 Leave. 
 
 Take to, deliver. 
 Dig. 
 Narrow. 
 Pull. 
 Be left. 
 Cut (bushes). 
 Sting. 
 
51 
 
 BakSIS. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Loba, 3. 
 
 Eragali. 
 
 Sting. 
 
 Loka, v. t. 
 
 Jova. 
 
 Bail (a canoe). 
 
 Lolie, v. t. 
 
 Meza. 
 
 . Dash down(water),splash. 
 
 Loma, v. t. 
 
 Tom a. 
 
 Send. 
 
 Lomili, 3. 
 
 Xgende. 
 
 Errand. 
 
 Londa, v. i. 
 
 Jona. 
 
 Become full. 
 
 Lonisbe, v. t. 
 
 Jonia. 
 
 Fill. 
 
 Longwa, v. i. 
 
 Poma. 
 
 Grow. 
 
 Longwa, 3. 
 
 Mpomini. 
 
 Growtb. 
 
 Longlie, v. t. 
 
 Pomiza. 
 
 Grow, bring up. 
 
 Lonba, v. t. 
 
 $"oga. 
 
 Build (a house). 
 
 Lubila, v. t. 
 
 Hamba. 
 
 Speak. 
 
 Lubilie, v. t. 
 
 Kambiza. 
 
 Cause to speak. 
 
 Lunha, v. t. 
 
 Divina. 
 
 Surround, enclose. 
 
 Lubia, 3. 
 
 JSfkambini. 
 
 Language, dialect. 
 
 Luta, v. t. 
 
 Ivangi. 
 
 Trim up, adjust, dress. 
 
 Luma, v. t. 
 
 Tama. 
 
 Prick, pierce. ' 
 
 Manh/'^pl. 
 
 M. 
 
 ISTgango. 
 
 Medicine. 
 
 Mabata^ pi. 
 
 Abukwe. 
 
 Yaws. 
 
 Madinlia, pi. 
 
 
 Lust. 
 
 Macliba. pi. 
 
 Aningo. 
 
 Water. 
 
 Madunh. 
 
 Ikilikili. 
 
 Heavy tramping. 
 
 Madimilia, a. 
 
 ISTiiwunla. 
 
 Last. 
 
 Mai. 
 
 Imarakano. 
 
 Forks (of a road). 
 
 Majakwe. 
 
 Ayakwe. 
 
 Casada tops. 
 
 Makalie. 
 
 Kadi a. 
 
 . Man, person, any one. 
 
 Makanda. 
 
 Ekahda. 
 
 Tinder. 
 
 Makanjika, 2, pi. 
 
 Aka. 
 
 Sap. 
 
 Makiemba, 2, pi. 
 
 Ezanga. 
 
 . Salt. 
 
 Makete, a. 
 
 !Ngewa. 
 
 Bow-legged. 
 
 Malebi, 2, pi. 
 
 Sbishila. 
 
 Disobedience. 
 
 Mali, 2, pi. 
 
 Agali. 
 
 Oil. 
 
 Mamitha, v. t. 
 
 Mama. 
 
 Wonder at. 
 
 Man a, 4. 
 
 On wan a. 
 
 Child. 
 
 Manda, v. t. 
 
 Pitakaina. 
 
 Press down, crowd. 
 
 Manga, 3. 
 
 Manga. 
 
 Manatus, seal. 
 
 Manga] a. 
 
 An gal a. 
 
 Eed cloth. 
 
 Mangienb, 2, pi. 
 
 Ntyemba. 
 
 Censure. 
 
 Manyadiba. 
 
 Ambeningo. 
 
 Milk. 
 
 Manyamia. 
 
 Anyamia. 
 
 Ebb. 
 
 Manyangwe, 4. 
 
 Ongwangi. 
 
 Brother orlsister. 
 
 Mapa, pi. 
 
 Ampazya. 
 
 Twins. 
 
 Mapanjia. 
 
 Ampandia. 
 
 Flood (of tide). 
 
 Mashnlinga. 
 
 Ampazya. 
 
 Twins, branches(of river), 
 
 Mathak, 2, pi. 
 
 Alugu. 
 
 Palm wine, any spirits. 
 
52 
 
 8&$& 
 
 Mawoni, 2, pi. 
 Mawna, 2, pi. 
 Mai, 3. 
 
 Man a, 4. 
 Mata, 4. 
 Maya, v. .i. 
 Mbaka, 3, 
 Mbali, a. 
 Mbambi, 7. 
 Mbamba 4. 
 Mbandangwe, 4 
 Mbanja, 7. 
 Mbanji, 3. 
 Mbainh-mbainh 
 Mbanh, 3. 
 Mbanji, 3. 
 Mbashe, 3. 
 Mbathi, 4. 
 Mbanie, 4. 
 Mbambi, 3. 
 Mbaka. 
 M bath a. 
 Mbei, a. 
 Mbela,4. 
 Mbelia, 3. 
 Mbenh, 7. 
 Mbele, 4. 
 Mbelo,4. 
 Mbeka, 3. 
 Mbembili, 3. 
 Mbenia, 3. 
 Mbeshi, a. 
 Mb eye, 7. 
 Mbiathia, 3. 
 Mbethe, 3. 
 Mbeli,4. 
 Mbenh, a. 
 Mbia, 4. 
 Mbiashi, a. 
 Mbilityi, 7. 
 Mbie, v. n. 
 Mbimba, 7. 
 Mbinhmbinh, 3. 
 Mbinji, 4. 
 Mbisha, 3. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Avono. 
 
 Cunning. 
 
 Aguga. 
 
 Distress. 
 
 Iwurau. 
 
 Belly, womb. 
 
 Mania. 
 
 Mullet. 
 
 Eza. 
 
 Thing. 
 
 Tena. 
 
 Sit up at night. 
 
 mbaka. 
 
 Bamboo-pith, basket. 
 
 Mbia. 
 
 Entire, complete, good, 
 
 Ishala. 
 
 Care, need, regard. 
 
 Bera-ya-rera. 
 
 Grand-parent. 
 
 Oseseli. 
 
 Lizzard. 
 
 Nganja. 
 
 Parlor. 
 
 Osalina. 
 
 Perseverance. 
 
 5 adPekapeka. 
 
 Continually. 
 
 Nago. 
 
 House. 
 
 Ogela. 
 
 Crack, split. 
 
 Okanja. 
 
 Booth. 
 
 Oyombo. 
 
 Polygamist. 
 
 Ombama. 
 
 Boa constrictor. 
 
 Ita. 
 
 Bundle. 
 
 Mbaga. 
 
 Fishing-ground. 
 
 Nefu. 
 
 Okra. 
 
 Tenatena. 
 
 Bed, yeliovv, brown. 
 
 Mpanga. 
 
 Spur. 
 
 Mpyu. 
 
 Heat. 
 
 Ivanga. 
 
 Law. 
 
 Ngwanyani. 
 
 Eagle. 
 
 Mbeli. 
 
 Flamingo. 
 
 Komba. 
 
 Hill. 
 
 Ozyira. 
 
 Side (of canoe, etc.) 
 
 Numbini. 
 
 Hatred, aversion. 
 
 Mbezyo. 
 
 Raw. 
 
 Ntyolombo. 
 
 Brass kettle. 
 
 Njano. 
 
 Birth. 
 
 Iveveni. 
 
 Thigh. 
 
 Mberi. 
 
 Herring. 
 
 Mbia. 
 
 Good. 
 
 Mboa. 
 
 Dog. 
 
 Oyani. 
 
 Fruitful (of persons). 
 
 Ibambo. 
 
 Ghost, spirit. 
 
 Toa. 
 
 Be, or become. 
 
 Egunu. 
 
 Anger, wrath. 
 
 Mbipa. 
 
 Stripe, weal. 
 
 Mbinde. 
 
 Wild goat. 
 
 Mpava. 
 
 Whip. 
 
53 
 
 Bakgl£. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Mbitha, 3. 
 
 Imbamba nl'im- 
 
 
 
 bamba. 
 
 Genealogy. 
 
 Mbityiki, 7. 
 
 Nanga. 
 
 Dirt. 
 
 Mbo, prep. & ad. 
 
 Ga. 
 
 Like, so, how. 
 
 Mbombo, ad. 
 
 Giligili. 
 
 Truly, certainly. 
 
 Mbole. 
 
 Mbolo. 
 
 Word of salutation. 
 
 Mbolie, v. t. 
 
 Bogizya. 
 
 Salute (with mbolo). 
 
 Mboke, 3. 
 
 JSTkala. 
 
 One's town. 
 
 Mboka, 3. 
 
 Mbwedi. 
 
 Captive, fetter. 
 
 Mbonde, ad. 
 
 Gaande. 
 
 Much. 
 
 Mbonh, 3. 
 
 Oronda. 
 
 Ridge-pole. 
 
 Mbothe, 3. 
 
 Ogenda. 
 
 Journey. 
 
 Mbothi, 3. 
 
 JNTtyonde. 
 
 Head of navigation. 
 
 Mbo, 3 and 7. 
 
 Oga. 
 
 Arm. 
 
 Mbo, 3. 
 
 Ozamba. 
 
 Side, part. 
 
 Mbu, 3. 
 
 Ompuma. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Mbubi. 
 
 Okugi. 
 
 Poverty. 
 
 Mbuenha, v. i. 
 
 Tatamina. 
 
 Quiver. 
 
 Mbuli, 4. 
 
 Nkambi. 
 
 Deer. 
 
 Mb an da, 7. 
 
 Monda. 
 
 Amulet. ' 
 
 Mbusha, 7. 
 
 Mbuzya. . 
 
 Net. 
 
 Mbutha, 4. 
 
 Ningo. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Mbuiitha, 3. 
 
 Nteve. 
 
 Rafter. 
 
 Mbute, 7. 
 
 Mbnte. 
 
 Bottle. 
 
 Meke, v. i. 
 
 Mega. 
 
 Doze, nod. 
 
 Melie, v. t. 
 
 Jivira. 
 
 Assent, believe. 
 
 Meme, v.t. 
 
 Mema. 
 
 Consent, confess. 
 
 Mete, 4. 
 
 Niva. 
 
 Owner. 
 
 Mia, ad. 
 
 Go. v 
 
 When. 
 
 Miaka, 3. 
 
 Ovengunlia. 
 
 Castrated animaL 
 
 Miali, 4. 
 
 wan to. 
 
 Woman. 
 
 Miana, 4. 
 
 Ongwanla. 
 
 Child. 
 
 Mianga. 
 
 Ikendo. 
 
 Fire-steel. 
 
 Mianja, 4 f 
 
 Puka. 
 
 Bag, sack, pocket. 
 
 Miasiia, v. t. 
 
 !Nyenya. 
 
 Sow. 
 
 Miashilie, v. t. 
 
 Nyenya. 
 
 Sprinkle. 
 
 Mi ay a, 3. 
 
 Ntyelele. 
 
 White-ant. 
 
 Mianhya, 3. 
 
 Omia. 
 
 Pur, hair (of the body), 
 
 Miem bie, 3. 
 
 Otaki. 
 
 Cock's tail-feather. 
 
 Miebiki, 3. 
 
 Gwarueni. 
 
 Edge (of a tool). 
 
 Mienhye, 3. 
 
 Eranlia. 
 
 Lunatic. 
 
 Mieshe, v. t. 
 
 Fwizafwiza. 
 
 Wag. 
 
 Mienji, 3. 
 
 Ovavi. 
 
 Messenger. 
 
 Miebe,3. 
 
 Ipi. 
 
 A swelling. 
 
 Mieli. 
 
 Ilanga. 
 
 Moonlight. 
 
 Miethe, 3, pi. 
 
 Isege. 
 
 Entrails. 
 
54 
 
 Bakglg. 
 
 Mielia, 3. 
 Mi eke. 
 Miembe. 
 Miemitha, v. i. 
 Milanh, 3. pi. 
 Min a, v. t. 
 Mintanganie, 4. 
 Minyungwa, 3. 
 Moka, 3. 
 Mpaka, 3. 
 Mpaka, 3. 
 Mpanji, 3. 
 Mpanga, 3. 
 Mpasha, 3. 
 Mpatha, 3. 
 Mpaka, 3. 
 Mpeka, 3. 
 Mpemba, 3. 
 Mpika, 3. 
 Mpinji, 3. 
 Mpoka, 3. 
 Mpombi, 3. 
 Mpuli,3. 
 Mpulingi, 3. 
 Mpuma, 3. 
 Mpungi, 3. 
 Mpunja, 3. 
 Mpumba, 3. 
 Mpunga, 3. 
 Mpusha, 3. 
 Mputha, 3. 
 Mputyi, 3. 
 Mulie, 3. 
 Munb, 3. 
 Mutyi, 4. 
 
 Na, conj. & prep. 
 Nadiambilinde, cj, 
 Naka, v. t. 
 Nakwa, 3. 
 Nakwalia, ad. 
 Nam a, v. t. 
 Nam hi, a. 
 Nani, ad. 
 Nani, a. 
 Nangwe, ,v. t. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Egenizo. 
 
 Nkumba. 
 
 Owemba. 
 
 Ovengevenge. 
 
 Ntyango. 
 
 Menla. 
 
 Ntogolu. 
 
 Nkizi. 
 
 Ogweri. 
 
 Mpaga. 
 
 Edinga. 
 
 Oramba. 
 
 Mpanga. 
 
 Ekata. 
 
 Mpanda. 
 
 Mpaga. 
 
 Ikumbu. 
 
 Mpemba. 
 
 Ikata. 
 
 Ompindi. 
 
 Ogaza. 
 
 Otongu. 
 
 Ompogoni. 
 
 Ompnlungu. 
 
 Ogwera. 
 
 Epepa. 
 
 Mepundu. 
 
 Ombuwutu. 
 
 O mpunga. 
 
 Ompuzya. 
 
 Nkizi. 
 
 Mpani. 
 
 E won jo. 
 
 Ebende. 
 
 Oma. 
 
 N. 
 
 Ja & nli. 
 
 Kandenle. 
 
 Bela. 
 
 Mbelini. 
 
 Menle. 
 
 Noga. 
 
 Nana. 
 
 Ntevo. 
 
 Naniza. 
 
 English. 
 
 Measure (of length). 
 Dam. 
 
 Soup, gravy. 
 
 Smile. 
 
 News, chat. 
 
 Swallow. 
 
 Red pepper. 
 
 Fragments, dregs. 
 
 Sole-fish. 
 
 Gift. 
 
 Place (of gardens). 
 
 Root. 
 
 Yoke. 
 
 Defense, pickets. 
 
 Leg (of an animal). 
 
 Lock. 
 
 Crab's claw. 
 
 Chalk, flour, bread. 
 
 Question. 
 
 Plantation, farm. 
 
 Juice of ripe plantains. 
 
 Gun-barrel. 
 
 Hole. 
 
 Hold (of vessel). 
 
 Night. 
 
 Fan. 
 
 Billet (of red wood). 
 
 Dust. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Width. 
 
 Fragment, scraping. 
 
 Custom. 
 
 Head, sense. 
 
 Corpse. 
 
 Person. 
 
 If, and, with, by. 
 
 Because. 
 
 Want. 
 
 Want, desire. 
 
 To-morrow. 
 
 Braid, plait. 
 
 Limber. 
 
 So. 
 
 Empty. 
 
 Lay down. 
 
55 
 
 Bak&S. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 ISTaniba, v. i. 
 
 Datana. 
 
 Come close to. 
 
 Nata, v. t. 
 
 Data. 
 
 Stick. 
 
 Natha, v. t. 
 
 Dubia. 
 
 Honor, respect. 
 
 Nakwa, v. i. 
 
 Poswa. 
 
 Drop or fall (as fruit). 
 
 Ealie, v. t. 
 
 Dadina. 
 
 Peep, look in upon. 
 
 Nanh, v. t. 
 
 Bonga. 
 
 Take. 
 
 ISTata, v. t. 
 
 Jonga. 
 
 Drink. 
 
 ISTatha, v. t. 
 
 Muzunla. 
 
 Shell (as corn). 
 
 JSTatyi-gwa-ma- 
 
 
 
 thak, 4. 
 
 Eyonga. 
 
 Drunkard. 
 
 Naya, v. i. 
 
 Naga. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Nda, 7. 
 
 Owanda. 
 
 Day, day-time. 
 
 Nda-ndeni. 
 
 ISTkombe-nyondo. 
 
 Noon. 
 
 Ndaka, 7. 
 
 ISTdaga. 
 
 Thing. 
 
 JSTdambie, 4. 
 
 Olambo. 
 
 Gum-elastic. 
 
 JSTdaniba, 3. 
 
 Olamba. 
 
 Cloth. 
 
 Ndatha, 4. 
 
 
 Grand-child. 
 
 Ndembilia, v. i. 
 
 Peva 
 
 Stagger. 
 
 JSTdema, 3. 
 
 Nkanja. 
 
 Bat. 
 
 ISTdenibe, 4. 
 
 Ntonda. 
 
 Heavy rain, freshet, flood, 
 
 JSTdeshe, v. t. 
 
 Baga. 
 
 Bring. 
 
 Ndenh, v. i. 
 
 Mega. 
 ISTdeke. 
 
 Dose. 
 
 Ndeke, 7. 
 
 Deck, story. 
 
 Ndembishali, 4. 
 
 Erumbe. 
 
 Child. 
 
 ISTdika, 3. 
 
 Odika. 
 
 Kind of food. 
 
 Ndia, 3. 
 
 Ezenia. 
 
 Bait. 
 
 Ndianh, 3. 
 
 Onlonga. 
 
 Kind. 
 
 ISTdianh, 3. 
 
 Eganda. 
 
 Family, dependents. 
 
 Ndio. 
 
 Onigi. 
 
 Sweetness, saltness. 
 
 Ndioba, 3. 
 
 Onoki. 
 
 Deceitfulness. 
 
 N"di, pron. 
 
 Ande. 
 
 What. 
 
 ISTdombi, 7. 
 
 Inyenga. 
 
 Post (of a house). 
 
 Ndokwe, 4. 
 
 Ntyolo. 
 
 Hammer, anvil. 
 
 Ndomi, 4. 
 
 Owangwe. 
 
 Brother. 
 
 Nduka, 3. 
 
 Ompenli. 
 
 Handle. 
 
 ISTduma, 3. 
 
 Oduma. 
 
 Cannon. 
 
 Ndumi, 4. 
 
 Owolisi. 
 
 Striker, fighter. 
 
 ISTdushiki, 3. 
 
 Ozazi. 
 
 Pestle. 
 
 Nen, a. 
 
 Mpolu. 
 
 Large. 
 
 Nene, v. i. 
 
 Penda. 
 
 Be large. 
 
 JSTenishe, v. t. 
 
 Pendia. 
 
 Enlarge. 
 
 ISTenia, 3. 
 
 Mpendini. 
 
 Size, greatness. 
 
 ISTengwe, v. i. 
 
 Danginla. 
 
 Lost, irrevocably. 
 
 Nembe, v. t. 
 
 Dembiza. 
 
 Bend. 
 
 Netyithe, v. i. 
 
 Kamba dira. 
 
 Speak slowly. 
 
 Nga, a. 
 
 Ngani. 
 
 Another's. 
 
56 
 
 Bakelc. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Nga, 4. 
 
 Oganga. 
 
 Doctor, conjnrer. 
 
 Ngali, 7. 
 
 
 Ceremony (to cure the 
 sick). 
 
 Ngali, 4. 
 
 Njali-towa. 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 Ngana, 7. 
 
 Nkogo. 
 
 Parable. 
 
 Nganji, 7. 
 
 Ngando. 
 
 Alligator. 
 
 Ngaye, 4. 
 
 Ngai. 
 
 Garment. 
 
 JSTgama, v. t. 
 
 Shiwa. 
 
 Whip. 
 
 ISTgambi, 7. 
 
 Ntyambi. 
 
 Harp. 
 
 Nganlie, v. i. 
 
 Kagara. 
 
 Snore. 
 
 Nganhthe, 4. 
 
 Nkanganla. 
 Ogweli. 
 
 Millepede. 
 
 Nganje, 4. 
 
 Moon. 
 
 ISTganda, 7. 
 
 Nganda. 
 
 Kind of gourd. 
 
 .Ngata, 7. 
 
 Ekeva. 
 
 Pity, sorrow. 
 
 Ngawe, 4. 
 
 Ngawe. 
 
 Captain. 
 
 Egake, 4. 
 
 Ngwentyontyio. 
 
 Hopping. 
 
 Ngboma, v. i. 
 
 Boka. 
 
 Bark. 
 
 Nge, prep. 
 
 Kao. 
 
 Except. 
 
 Ngikanji, a. 
 
 Ikanda. 
 
 Acid. 
 
 Ngiye, 4. 
 
 Etebombe. 
 
 Scorpion. 
 
 JSTgitha, 4. 
 
 Njina. 
 
 Ourang-outang. 
 
 Ngomba, 4. 
 
 Ngomba. 
 
 Hedge-hog. 
 
 Ngonjiba, v. i. 
 
 Dembinla. 
 
 Kneel. 
 
 Ngole, 4. 
 
 ISTgala. 
 
 Whirlpool, whirlwind, 
 waterspout. 
 
 Ngothoma, ad. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Yesterday, evening. 
 
 Ngoya, 4. 
 
 Ngoa. 
 
 Hog. 
 
 Nguba, 7. 
 
 Nguwa. 
 
 The black-fish. 
 
 Nguba, 7. 
 
 Nguwa. 
 
 Shield. 
 
 Ngubi, 7. 
 
 Nguii. 
 
 Hippotamus. 
 
 Nguli, 7. 
 
 Ngulu. 
 
 Strength. 
 
 Ngwamba, v. i. 
 
 Tatamina. 
 
 Shiver. 
 
 Ngwali, 4. 
 
 Nkwani. 
 
 Wild-hen. 
 
 Ngwanhtha, v. i. 
 
 Tatamina. 
 
 Tremble. 
 
 Ngwanjiba, v. t. 
 
 Kwandamina. 
 
 Pounce upon. 
 
 Ngwashitha, v. t. 
 
 Salina. 
 
 Comb. 
 
 Nie, a. 
 
 Mia. 
 
 How many ? 
 
 Nikwe, v. t. 
 
 Kenja. 
 
 Lay down. 
 
 Nimbitha, v. t. 
 
 Nyonyunia. 
 
 Straighten. 
 
 Nina, v. t. 
 
 Damina. 
 
 Sink. 
 
 Nja, y. i. 
 
 Bia. 
 
 Come. 
 
 Njali, 7. 
 
 Njali. 
 
 Gun. 
 
 Njaki,4. 
 
 Njagu. 
 Mpanla. 
 
 Elephant. 
 
 Njetha, 7. 
 
 Road, path. 
 
 Njeli, 4. 
 
 Onlenji. 
 
 Teacher. 
 
 Njenia, 3. 
 
 Njeno. 
 
 Sight, view. 
 
57 
 
 BakiSlS. 
 
 Njime, 4. 
 JSTjiki, ad. 
 Njibi, 4. 
 Njothi, 4. 
 Njonji, 7. 
 1ST Juki, 7. 
 Nkala, 3. 
 Nkanh, 3. 
 Nkashi, 3. 
 JSTkatka, 3. 
 Nkala, 3. 
 Nkali, 3. 
 Nkanjili, a. 
 Nkangwa, 3. 
 Nkami, 3. 
 NMtha, 4. 
 Nkanh, 3. 
 Nkanje, 4. 
 Nkaka, 3. 
 JSTkanla, 3. 
 Nkenibe, 3. 
 JNkeba, 3. 
 Nkele, 4. 
 Nkiebia, 3. 
 JSTkieke, 3. 
 Nkienh, 4. 
 JSTkithi, 4. 
 Nkityi, 3. 
 Nkombia, 3. 
 Nkothi, 4. 
 Nkonge, 3. 
 Kkombi, 4. 
 Nkotyi, 3. 
 Nkothi, 3 & 7. 
 JSTkonji, 3. 
 JSfkoma, 3. 
 Nkomba, 3. 
 Nkola, 3. 
 Nkomba, 3. 
 JSTkombe, 3. 
 Nkonga, 3. 
 Nkokwe, 3. 
 Nkothi, ad. 
 Nkuba, 3. 
 ISTkubia, 3. 
 
 Mpongwc. 
 
 English. 
 
 Njega. 
 
 Tiger. 
 
 Ipaku. 
 
 Blind man. 
 
 Ke. 
 
 Also, too. 
 
 Ofe. t 
 
 Thief. 
 
 Oyonisi. 
 
 Killer, hunter. 
 
 Ntyonga. 
 
 Quarter (in a town). 
 
 Njuki. 
 
 Trouble. 
 
 Ogomba. 
 
 Fence, spine. 
 
 Oramba. 
 
 Koot. 
 
 Eganga. 
 
 Leanness. 
 
 Nkumba. 
 
 Company (of persons). 
 
 Nkala. 
 
 Clock, watch. 
 
 Ozyono. 
 
 African ratan. 
 
 Nkere. 
 
 Clean, pure, holy. 
 
 Oga. 
 
 Jug-handle. 
 
 Nkami. 
 
 Patch of ground nuts. 
 
 Ompondo. 
 
 Bachelor, widower. 
 
 ISTyuma. 
 
 Back. 
 
 Nkanje. 
 
 Shark. 
 
 Ekaga. 
 
 Log. 
 
 Epondwe. 
 
 Shorn head. 
 
 Okemba. 
 
 Full dress. 
 
 Okeva. 
 
 Wave. 
 
 Okele. 
 
 Tribe of people. 
 
 Nkendini. 
 
 Going. 
 
 Njegelu. 
 Okengekenge. 
 
 Chin, lower jaw. 
 
 Carpenter. 
 
 Ogai. 
 
 Wife's family and friends. 
 
 Nkagu. 
 
 Cane, staff. 
 
 Mpangini. 
 
 Making, nature. 
 
 Ntori. 
 
 Eat 
 
 JSTkongo. 
 
 Cat-fish. 
 
 Ovaagi. 
 
 Maker. 
 
 Okokotwe. 
 
 Bed-bug. 
 
 Ogolu. 
 Okwendi. 
 
 Leg. 
 
 Tail. 
 
 Olonga. 
 
 Ring. 
 
 Ozyaguna. 
 
 Nostril. 
 
 Enlomo. 
 
 Dry season. 
 
 Iguwa. 
 Nkombe. 
 
 Bellows. 
 
 Kind of cloth. 
 
 Nkouga. 
 
 Copper. 
 
 Ikoko. 
 
 Sugar cane, sugar. 
 
 Jani. 
 
 Day before yesterday. 
 
 Ompinga. 
 
 Circumference. 
 
 Iguii. 
 
 Pine-apple. 
 
58 
 
 BakelS. 
 
 Nkubia, 3. 
 JSTkum, 3. 
 Nkunji, 3. 
 Nkuki, 3. 
 Nkusha, 3. 
 Nkuni, 3. 
 JSTkwata, 3. 
 Nlatyiki, 3. 
 NLanhlia, 3. 
 Nlanhli, 3. 
 Nleya, 3. 
 Nlonh, 4. 
 JSUui, 4. 
 Noka, v. t. 
 ISTshaka, 3. 
 Nshaka, 3. 
 Nshashi, 3. 
 Nshamba, 3. 
 Nshanh, 3. 
 JSTshanh, 3. 
 Nsha, 3. 
 Nshasha, 3. 
 Nshebi, 3. 
 Nshemba, 3. 
 Nsheke, 3. 
 Nshete, 3. 
 ISTshenh, 3. 
 JSTshisha, 3. 
 Nshinhshinh, 3, 
 ISTshia, 3. 
 JSTshieki, 3. 
 Nshieki, 4. 
 ISTshinhtha, 3. 
 Nshole, 3. 
 JSTsho, 3. 
 Nshothi, 3. 
 Nshokiethi. 
 Nshombeka. 
 Nshoni, 3. 
 Nsho, 3. 
 Nshunh, 4. 
 Nshumbi, 3. 
 Nshumbiki, 3. 
 JSTshua, 3. 
 Ntambila, 3. 
 Ntanga, 3. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Njanjini. 
 Ogumia. 
 
 Okukwe. 
 Origo. 
 Nkunu. 
 Okwara. 
 
 Ndatizo. 
 Mpivini. 
 Ogozyi. 
 
 Onlogi. 
 
 Oguwaguwa. 
 
 Noka: 
 
 Ozamba. 
 
 Osbaka. 
 
 Osbasba. 
 
 Nkanda. 
 
 Ozanja. 
 
 Ikilikili. 
 
 Ogola. 
 
 Ozyazya. 
 
 Eriga. 
 
 Ezimba. 
 
 Ozyege. 
 
 Ntyere. 
 
 Igala. 
 
 Qganji. 
 
 Inlinla. 
 
 Ogali. 
 
 Osbikani. 
 
 Evungu. 
 
 jNjeve. 
 
 Olavi. 
 
 Mbeni. 
 
 Nkami. 
 
 Olomba. 
 
 Ozyonli. 
 
 Ozya. 
 
 Ozunge. 
 
 Shumbu. 
 
 ISTkagu. 
 
 Monda. 
 
 Nkabi. 
 
 Otangani. 
 
 English. 
 
 Work. 
 
 Dead tree, mast. 
 
 Treasure-bouse. 
 
 Evil spirit, devil. 
 
 Widow. 
 
 Sea-turtle. 
 
 Cutlass. 
 
 Seam. 
 
 Thinking, thought. 
 
 Hallooing, crowing. 
 
 Brace. 
 
 Builder. 
 
 Blacksmith. 
 
 Lie, deceive. 
 
 Shore (of river). 
 
 Slave. 
 
 Brass rod. 
 
 Company (traveling). 
 
 Bristle. 
 
 Heavy tread. 
 
 Intestinal worm 
 
 Business. 
 
 Hollow (of a tree). 
 
 Ant hill. 
 
 Beach (of sand). 
 
 Ramrod. 
 
 Street. 
 
 Vein, tendon. 
 
 Shadow, soul. 
 
 Cord, small rope. 
 
 Round box. 
 
 Name of a tribe. 
 
 Piazza. 
 
 Ripe plantain. 
 
 River. 
 
 Spring. 
 
 Seaward. 
 
 Interior-ward. 
 
 Flesh. 
 
 Pipe. 
 
 Savior, deliverer. 
 
 Lead. 
 
 Cane, staff. 
 
 Amulet. 
 
 Paddle. 
 
 White-man. 
 
59 
 
 Bakcle. 
 
 Ntambi, 3. 
 Ntenge, 3. 
 INTteka, 3. 
 Ite, 3. 
 Ntethe, 3. 
 Ntetyi, 3. 
 JSTthali, 3. 
 Nthabia, 3. 
 Nthaka, 3. 
 JNTthenh, 4. 
 Nthenh, 3. 
 Ntheli, 3. 
 Ntoa, 3. 
 Ntombe, 3. 
 Ntomba, 3. 
 Ntombinanga, 3. 
 ISTtothi, 7. 
 
 nsrtoii, 4. 
 
 Ntovi, 3. 
 Ntonda. 
 Ntuthe, a. 
 Ntyonge, 4. 
 Ntyanga, 3. 
 Ntyutha, 4. 
 JSTtyilambia, 3. 
 Ntyimbi, 3. 
 Ntyuba, 3. 
 Ntyabi, 3. 
 ISTtyenge, 3. 
 Ntyinh, 3. 
 Nula, v. i. 
 JSTushe, v. t. 
 Numbi, 3. 
 Numbilio, v. t. 
 Nwanh, v. i. 
 Rwanda, 3. 
 Nwanji, 3. 
 ISTwoli, a. 
 Nwoshi, 3. 
 Nya, 3. b 
 Nyantyiuie, 4. 
 Nyata, v. t. 
 Nyanh, v. t. 
 Ny&nhshe, v. t. 
 Nyatyi,4.^ ^ 
 Nyakayekaye, 4. 
 
 Mpongwc. 
 
 JSTtambi. 
 
 Igalinga. 
 
 Orega. 
 
 Elendina. 
 
 Elondwini. 
 
 Iroanlo. 
 
 Ivanga. 
 
 Ndavini. 
 
 Ntyango. 
 
 Ogenda. 
 
 Inyeme. 
 
 Okao. 
 
 Otongu. 
 
 Etombo. 
 
 Oinbanla. 
 
 Etombinanga. 
 
 Mono. 
 
 Gnero. 
 
 Orove. 
 
 Otonda. 
 
 Ntuntu. 
 
 Ntyonga. 
 
 Ntyanga. 
 
 Nkenjo. 
 
 Oronga. 
 
 ISTtimbi. 
 
 Ntyanja. 
 
 Ntyabo. 
 
 Ntyenga. 
 
 Olonga. 
 
 Piagana. 
 
 Peria. 
 
 Numbo. 
 
 Eunla. 
 
 Oguma. 
 
 Ogela. • 
 
 Itua. 
 
 Mbundakai. 
 
 Olumba. 
 
 Intyime. 
 
 Jara. 
 
 Piva. 
 
 Jonja. 
 
 Nyare. 
 
 Osakampazyo. 
 
 English. 
 
 Eichcs. 
 
 Bell. 
 
 Barrel, cask. 
 
 Bow (for shooting). 
 
 Height, length, quantity. 
 
 Load. 
 
 Law, promise, covenant. 
 
 Length. 
 
 News. 
 
 Guest, stranger. 
 
 Foetus. 
 
 Boundary. 
 
 Ball (eye, etc.) 
 
 Needle. 
 
 Mud. 
 
 Under-shirt. 
 
 Breast. 
 
 Old, full age. 
 
 Prairie. 
 
 Hair-pin. 
 
 Whole, entire, all. 
 
 A game. 
 
 Flag. 
 
 Dwarf. 
 
 Sprout, blade. 
 
 Timber, plank, throne. 
 
 Wet season. 
 
 Soap. 
 
 Wash-basin, bowl. 
 
 Kind, nature. 
 
 Pass, excel. 
 
 Cause to pass. 
 
 Bow (of boat). 
 
 Smell. . 
 
 Link. 
 
 Cassada. 
 
 Crack, split. 
 
 Sharp. 
 
 Destructiveness. 
 
 Belt, girdle. 
 
 Monkey-apple. 
 
 Tread, step. 
 
 Suck (as child). 
 
 Suckle. 
 
 Cow. 
 
 Grasshopper. 
 
60 
 
 Bakele. 
 
 Eyanga, 7. 
 JSTyangialie, 4. 
 Nyangwe, 4. 
 JSTyatha, v. t. 
 ISTyala, v. t. 
 Nyamambale, 4. 
 Nyaba, v. t. 
 ISTyamila, v. i. 
 ISTyanya, v. i. 
 JSTyanyishe, v. t. 
 JSTyabila, v. t. 
 JSTyamitha, v. t. 
 Nyebe, v. i. 
 
 Eyebilie, v. t. 
 Nyebishe, v. t. 
 JSTyenie. 
 JNyeshilie, v. t. 
 Nyeniba, v. i. 
 ISTyenitha, v. t. 
 Nyenh, 3. 
 ]STy enh, v. i. 
 Eyenhshe, v. t. 
 Nyenhgwa, 3. 
 Nyitha, v. t. 
 JNyinhitha, v. i. 
 Nyinhlie, v. t. 
 Nyima, v. t. 
 Nyilu, 7. 
 E"yishitha, v. i. 
 Nyonh, 3. 
 Nyonga, 4. 
 Nyunha, v. t. 
 JNTyunh, a. 
 ISTyuli, 7. 
 JSTyunhtha, 3. 
 
 Nzyatha, 7. 
 JNTzyam, 7. 
 Nzyibi, 4. 
 Nzyilia, 7. 
 
 Pa, 7. 
 Paka, v. t. 
 Pake, 4. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Nyanga. 
 
 Ngaka. 
 
 IsTgwe. 
 
 Nera. 
 
 Mwera. 
 
 Ompinga. 
 
 Jarunla. 
 
 Dagalaga. 
 
 Benda. 
 
 Bendia. 
 
 Pianguna. 
 
 Shuga. 
 
 Mepa. 
 
 Mepana. 
 
 Mepia. 
 
 Eyenlie. 
 
 Pitakaina. 
 
 Nyonyua. 
 
 Nyonyunia. 
 
 Itia. 
 
 Tia. 
 
 Tieza. 
 
 Ntieni. 
 
 Pindia. 
 
 Jinginla. 
 
 Jinginlia. 
 
 Niminla. 
 
 Nyila,. 
 
 Eyinyinla. 
 
 Omwamba. 
 
 Eyonge. 
 
 Muzuna. 
 
 Ogele. 
 
 Okuwa. 
 
 Ongwanj angwan- 
 
 ja. 
 Njanla. 
 Egalani. 
 Njiwo. 
 Ekaka. 
 
 P. 
 
 Epe. 
 
 Suminia. 
 
 Mpanlo. 
 
 English. 
 
 Rust. 
 
 Ant-house. 
 Mother. 
 Lick. 
 Scratch. 
 Ball. 
 
 Split, tear in two. 
 Mutter, grumble. 
 Be angry. 
 Make angry. 
 Chew. 
 Plague. 
 
 Be good, fine, satisfac- 
 tory. 
 Become (as a garment). 
 Make good, satisfactory. 
 Brass. 
 Press upon. 
 Be straight. 
 Make straight. 
 Fear. 
 
 Fear, fly, escape. 
 Frighten. 
 Fear, fright. 
 Push, shove. 
 Enter (a house). 
 Cause to enter. 
 Refuse. 
 Anchor. 
 Urine. 
 Serpent. 
 Thread. 
 Crumble. 
 Stingy. 
 Body. 
 
 Roof. 
 
 Hunger. 
 
 Leprosy. 
 
 Musk-deer. 
 
 Meaning. 
 
 Dagger (Pangwe make). 
 
 Praise. 
 
 Adz. 
 
61 
 
 BakSle. 
 
 Pama, v. i. 
 Panya, v. t. 
 Panie, v. t. 
 Panh, v. i. 
 Pasha, v. i. 
 Pashitha, v. t. 
 Patyitha, v. i. 
 Paka, v. t. B 
 Parnba, v. i. 
 Panda, v. i. 
 Patha, ad. 
 Pelishe, v. t. 
 Pende, 7. 
 Penda, v. t. 
 Pepa, v. t. 
 Pesha, v. t. 
 Petyie, v. t. 
 Peye, v. i. 
 Pe, prep. 
 Penje, 7. 
 Penje, 4. 
 Pepilie, v. t. 
 
 Pepa, v. i. 
 Pialie, v. i. 
 Piasha, a. 
 Piaya, v. t. 
 Piapa, v. t. 
 Piata, v. t. 
 Pienh, 7. 
 Pila, v. t. 
 Pimbitha, v. t. 
 Pimbia, v. i. 
 Pingwe, 7. 
 Pinya, v. t. 
 Pinjitha, v. t. 
 Pipitha, v. t. 
 Pishe, 7. 
 Pita, v. t. 
 Pin, ad. 
 Po, 4. 
 Poka, v. t. 
 Ponha, v. t. 
 Poshe, v. t. 
 Posbitha, v.t. 
 Posho, ad. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Bia. 
 
 Bamba. 
 Bania. 
 
 Benla. 
 
 Felia. 
 
 Takuna. 
 
 Tiga dienge. 
 
 Dula. 
 
 Panla. 
 
 Sumina. 
 
 Mbiambie. 
 
 Periza. 
 
 Mpaga. 
 
 Noginla. 
 
 Dega. 
 
 Pesha. 
 
 Bania. 
 
 Tawa. 
 
 Go. 
 
 ~Ntye. 
 
 Mpenjo. 
 
 Pevina. 
 
 Peva. 
 
 Poa. 
 
 Bembakele. 
 
 Jola. 
 
 Piva. 
 
 Binda. 
 
 Evora. 
 
 Tola. 
 
 Siza. 
 
 Saza. 
 
 Piara. 
 
 Pala. 
 
 Pala. 
 
 ISTynma. 
 
 Pita. 
 
 Kwi. 
 
 Mpogo. 
 
 Poka. 
 
 Tava. 
 
 Fwizavwiza. 
 
 Pokunla. 
 
 Posho. 
 
 English. 
 
 Arrive. 
 
 Shine; 
 
 Suspend. 
 
 Boil (as water). 
 
 Sprout. 
 
 Extract. 
 
 Let go. 
 
 Pluck, pull. 
 
 Go down (as a fire). 
 
 Descend. 
 
 Well, in good condition. 
 
 Lose. 
 
 Doubt, disputation. 
 
 Braid (the hair). 
 
 Prevent. 
 
 Weigh, bear (fruit). 
 
 Hang up. 
 
 Break, part (as rope). 
 
 To, at, on. 
 
 Earth, land, woods. 
 
 Cockroach. 
 
 Flap, hail (with hand), 
 
 wink. 
 Float (with current). 
 Ebb, be low (as tide). 
 Shallow, flaring. 
 Make thread. 
 Suck, kiss. 
 Knead. 
 
 Gash, sore, wound. 
 Bore. 
 
 Wipe, rub off. 
 Be wiped off. 
 Loan. 
 Squeeze. 
 
 Gouge out (as oysters). 
 Brush off, efface. 
 Back. 
 Cheat. 
 
 Off, entirely off. 
 Mouse. 
 Wade. 
 Pay (a fine). 
 Shake. 
 
 Peel (with fingers). 
 More, most. 
 
62 
 
 Bakele. 
 
 Potye, 4.^ 
 Puka, v. i. 
 Pula, v. t. 
 Pula, v. t. 
 Puli, 7. 
 Punii, a. 
 Puma, v. i. 
 Pumiske, v. t. 
 Pumbia, v. i. 
 Pumbitha, v. t. 
 Pumitha, v. i. 
 Punda, v. i. 
 Punishe, v. t. 
 Pungwe, 7. 
 Pupilie, v. t. 
 Pusha, v. i. 
 Pushitha, v. t. 
 Pusi, 7. 
 
 Sha, v. t. 
 Shaka, v. t. 
 Shake, 4. 
 Shaliba, v. i. 
 
 Shalishe, v. t. 
 Shala, v. i. 
 Shalie, v. t. 
 Sbali, a. 
 Shalia, v. i. 
 Shambe, a. 
 Shambie, v. i. 
 Shambitha, v. t. 
 Shanh, v. t. 
 Shangwe, 4. 
 Shabilie, v. t. 
 Shaka, v. i. 
 Shaka, v. t. 
 Shaka, v. t. 
 Shake, 4. 
 Shaliba, v. i. 
 Shalie, v. t. 
 Shathe, 4. 
 Shamba, v. t. 
 Shambishe, v. t. 
 Shambe, a. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Mba. 
 
 Sega. 
 
 Binda. 
 
 Boga. 
 
 Ongwei. 
 
 Pupu. 
 
 Jambua. 
 
 Jambunia. 
 
 Tugwa. 
 
 Tugwiza. 
 
 Towa. 
 
 Pula. 
 
 Puliza. 
 
 Gare. 
 
 Pepa. 
 
 Bekwa. 
 
 Bekunia. 
 
 Pusi. 
 
 S, 
 
 Pona. 
 Nema. 
 Swaka. 
 Konga. 
 
 Kongiza. 
 
 Bola. 
 
 Panla. 
 
 JNTyaugo. 
 
 Salia. 
 
 Tele. 
 
 Shaiya. 
 
 Shamba. 
 
 Pona. 
 
 Pera. 
 
 Datiza. 
 
 Jasa. 
 
 Paga. 
 
 Jaba. 
 
 Izage. 
 
 Shambunla. 
 
 Jumbunla. 
 
 Ntyambe. 
 
 Jana. 
 
 Janiza. 
 
 Mbia. 
 
 English. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Be eaten with worms. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 Chew. 
 
 Breath. 
 
 White. 
 
 Be or become white. 
 
 Whiten. 
 
 Be blown down. 
 
 Blow down. 
 
 Be or become mouldy. 
 
 Bun. 
 
 Make run. 
 
 Inside. 
 
 Blow gently, fan. 
 
 Break, divide in halves. 
 
 Break, crumble. 
 
 Cat. 
 
 Do, treat, regard. 
 
 Weed, cut grass. 
 
 Knife. 
 
 Be, or become small or 
 
 lean. 
 Make small. 
 Thunder. 
 Sharpen (poles). 
 Small. 
 
 Be detected, found out. 
 Naked. [ed. 
 
 Be disappointed, asham- 
 Set, arrange (table). 
 Look, behold. 
 Father. 
 
 Assemble, call together. 
 Be weary. 
 Conjure, prophesy. 
 Take back (a gift). 
 Duck. 
 
 Hide (one's self ). 
 Hide (a thing). 
 Marrow. 
 
 Bring forth (young). 
 Assist in child-birth. 
 Good, fine, pretty. 
 
63 
 
 BakelS. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Shanh, 7. 
 
 Abe. 
 
 Grave. 
 
 Shanh, v. t. 
 
 Sanga. 
 
 Mend, repair. 
 
 Shanhtha, v. i. 
 
 Senia. 
 
 Start (on journey). 
 
 Shani, 7. 
 
 ISTtyani. 
 
 Shame. 
 
 Shana, 7. 
 
 Shana. 
 
 Sabbath. 
 
 Shapilie, v. t. 
 
 Kata. 
 
 Question. 
 
 Shasha, v. t. 
 
 Danda. 
 
 Deny. 
 
 Shasha, v. i. 
 
 Juwa. 
 
 Die. 
 
 Shata, v. t. 
 
 Shawa. 
 
 Peck, pick up(with beak). 
 
 Shatha, v. t. 
 
 
 Bring out (a hidden 
 thing) . 
 
 Sheba, 7. 
 
 Mpunji. 
 
 Ivory. 
 
 Shembia, v. i. 
 
 Kwa oge. 
 
 Faint. 
 
 Shebie, a. 
 
 Seke. 
 
 Dirty. 
 
 Shenhla, v. t. 
 
 Pengakaina. 
 
 Exchange. 
 
 Sheye, v. t. 
 
 Siza. 
 
 Scour (a knife). 
 
 Sheba, v. t. 
 
 Kera. 
 
 Circumcise. 
 
 Sheka, v. t. 
 
 Kela. 
 
 Hash. 
 
 Shele, v. t. 
 
 Selia. 
 
 Mock, deride. 
 
 Shembe, v. t. 
 
 Semba. 
 
 Scold. 
 
 Sheme, v. t. 
 
 Sava. 
 
 Curse. 
 
 Shenda, v. t. 
 
 Jeginla. 
 
 Trust. 
 
 Shenja, v. i. 
 
 Poelela. 
 
 Slip, slide. 
 
 Shenjibia, v. i. 
 
 Selela. 
 
 Slip, slide. 
 
 Shie, 4. 
 
 Evere. 
 
 Fish. 
 
 Shinhlie, v. t. 
 
 Kila. 
 
 Pub together. 
 
 Shishilie, v. t. 
 
 Jega. 
 
 Kindle. 
 
 Shitha, v. i. 
 
 Mana. 
 
 Be ended, settled, done. 
 
 Shilie, v. t. 
 
 Meniza. 
 
 End, complete, destroy. 
 
 Shila, v. t. 
 
 Kamina. 
 
 Pam down (a charge). 
 
 Shikwe, 4. 
 
 Ntyunu. 
 
 Driver-ant. 
 
 Shiekwa, v. i. 
 
 Sekuma. 
 
 Sob, sigh. 
 
 Shimisha, v. t. 
 
 Jonginlia. 
 
 Pemember, think about. 
 
 Shika, v. i. 
 
 Siga. 
 
 Ground. [tie. 
 
 Shisha, v. t. 
 
 Teria. 
 
 Call one's attention, star- 
 
 Shishibia, v. i. 
 
 ISTindia. 
 
 Start (with fright). 
 
 Shi, 7. 
 
 JSTtye. 
 
 Earth. 
 
 Shi, ad. 
 
 Tu. 
 
 Down. 
 
 Shobie, v. i. 
 
 Jila. 
 
 Capsize. 
 
 Shobishe, v. t. 
 
 Jiliza. 
 
 Capsize. 
 
 Shoba, v. t. 
 
 Jira. 
 
 Pour out. 
 
 Shoba, y. i. 
 
 Kwa oge. 
 
 Be stunned, faint. 
 
 Shobe, 7. 
 
 Mbambi. 
 
 Gourd. 
 
 Shoka, v. i. 
 
 Mag'erungu. 
 
 Consult in private- 
 
 Shomba, v. t. 
 
 Kola. 
 
 Buy, sell. 
 
 Shoka, 7* 
 
 8 
 
 Egombe. 
 
 Time. 
 
64: 
 
 BakelS. 
 
 Sholia, v. i. 
 Sholitha, v. t. 
 Shoya, v. t. 
 Shovitha, v. t. 
 Shosha, a. 
 Shoshie, v. t. 
 Shosho, int. 
 
 Shoshilie, v. t. 
 Shota, a. 
 Shotyiba, v. i. 
 Shosha, v. t. 
 Shunha, v. t. 
 Simla, v. i. 
 Shuma, v. i. 
 Shuma, v. t. 
 Shunhlia, v. t. 
 Shusha, v. i. 
 Shunja, v. t. 
 Shungwakala, 7. 
 
 Talie, v. t. 
 Talakwe, 4. 
 Tata, v. i. 
 Tata, v. i. 
 Tashe, v. t. 
 Tatyilie, v. t. 
 Tavilia, v. t. 
 Taba, v. t. 
 Taba, v. i. 
 Tabie, v. t. 
 Taka, v. i. 
 Tashe, v. t. 
 Tapa, v. i. 
 Tashe, v. t. 
 Tatha, v. t. 
 
 Tatya, v. i. 
 
 Tatyitha, v. t. 
 Taya, v. i. 
 Tenia, 7. 
 Tembe, v. t. 
 Tcmishe, v. t. 
 Tetyika, 7. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Jokwa. 
 
 Jokuna. 
 
 Kazya. 
 
 Dumba. 
 
 Pugu. 
 
 Dimbinla-pugu. 
 
 Kakala. 
 
 Kwena nkala. 
 
 Zoge. 
 
 Are shota. 
 
 Tavinla. 
 
 Sunginla. 
 
 Poa. 
 
 Simba. 
 
 Soliza. 
 
 Sungakanla. 
 
 Shusha. 
 
 Dandunla. 
 
 Izyungakanlo. 
 
 T. 
 
 Penjavenja. 
 
 Tako. 
 
 Daga. 
 
 Jaga. 
 
 Jagiza. 
 
 Pakilia. 
 
 ISTyamita. 
 
 PiDJa. 
 
 Kwena. 
 
 Kweniza. 
 
 Benla. 
 
 Benliza. 
 
 Poka. 
 
 Daliza. 
 
 Tawa. 
 
 Dalie. 
 
 Taunla. 
 
 Twezina. 
 
 Gare. 
 
 Paga. 
 
 Temiza. 
 
 Ozamba. 
 
 English. 
 
 Be scalded. 
 
 Skin. 
 
 Gut. : 
 
 Surprise. 
 
 In a pile. 
 
 Put down in a pile. 
 
 I pray you (used in beg- 
 
 Beg, desire. 
 
 Squatted down. 
 
 Squat. 
 
 Give, present. 
 
 Rescue, deliver. 
 
 Ebb, descend. 
 
 Land. 
 
 Stick in. 
 
 Contend with each other. 
 
 Move along. 
 
 Redeem. 
 
 Chain. 
 
 Keep, preserve. 
 
 Tobacco. 
 
 Scream, squall. 
 
 Sick. 
 
 Make sick, visit (the sick). 
 
 Begin. 
 
 Resemble. 
 
 Choose. 
 
 Embark. 
 
 Put into. 
 
 Boil. 
 
 Make boil. 
 
 Wade. 
 
 Take a cross. 
 
 Insult, treat with disre- 
 spect. 
 
 Go out (of a canoe), cross 
 over (a river). 
 
 Take out. 
 
 Drip, leak. 
 
 Middle. 
 
 Prophesv, conjure. 
 
 Tempt. ' 
 
 Side. 
 
65 
 
 Bakele. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Te, int. 
 
 Sa. 
 
 Get out (frighten or 
 drive away an animal). 
 
 Tebe, v. i. 
 
 Kumanla. 
 
 Stand. 
 
 Teke, ad. 
 
 Sunge. 
 
 Quickly. 
 
 Teki, a. 
 
 Dela. 
 
 Soft, weak. 
 
 Teshe, v. t. 
 
 Deliza. 
 
 Soften. 
 
 Telie, v. t. 
 
 Dovia. 
 
 Set down. 
 
 Tenhthe, v. t. 
 
 Jekiza. 
 
 Slacken. 
 
 Tengwa, v. i. 
 
 Jeka. 
 
 Be slack. 
 
 Teye, v. i. 
 
 Bonwa. 
 
 Appear (as new moon). 
 
 Thatha, v. i. 
 
 Nanla. 
 
 Sleep, lie down. 
 
 Thanyaka. 
 
 Ogaso. 
 
 Greediness. 
 
 Thambenh. 
 
 Ntonda. 
 
 Flood, current. 
 
 Thambitha, v. t. 
 
 Bonga. 
 
 Take (by force), rescue. 
 
 Thanja, 3. 
 
 Nkendini. 
 
 Going. 
 
 Thatha, v.t. 
 
 Bulia. 
 
 Say, tell. 
 
 Thalia, v. t. 
 
 Panganla. 
 
 Promise, pledge (friend- 
 ship). 
 
 Thapatha, 5. 
 
 Mpanda. 
 
 Hoof. 
 
 Thanlie, v. t. 
 
 Pagina. 
 
 Charge (as gun), fill (a 
 
 pipe). 
 Thin, sleazy. 
 
 Thantyithantyi, a 
 
 . Sangasanga. 
 
 Thaba, v. t. 
 
 Davwa. 
 
 Angle. 
 
 Thasha, v. i. 
 
 Fwema. 
 
 Mistake, err. 
 
 Thanh, a. 
 
 Bui. 
 
 Light, open. 
 
 Thanhba, v. t. 
 
 Nungwa. 
 
 Be open. 
 
 Thaba, v. t. 
 
 Binla. 
 
 Skim. 
 
 Thanhshe, v. t. 
 
 Bamba. 
 
 Give light, lighten. 
 
 Thashe, v. t. 
 
 Sapilia. 
 
 Confound, perplex. 
 
 Thetha, v. i. 
 
 Dena. 
 
 Cry. 
 
 Themba, 4. 
 
 Onyembayemba. 
 
 Enemy. 
 
 Theba, v. t. 
 
 Fwelia. 
 
 Call. 
 
 Thebitha, v. i. 
 
 Tanla. 
 
 Be crazy. 
 
 Thepi, a. 
 
 Javura. 
 
 Light. 
 
 Thepithe, v. t. 
 
 Javuria. 
 
 Make light, assist ^to 
 carry). 
 
 Thembia, v. i. 
 
 Jasa. 
 
 Be tired, weary. 
 
 Thenhmbe, v. i. 
 
 Peva. 
 
 Float, be afloat. 
 
 The or ve, v. t. 
 
 Pa. 
 
 Give. 
 
 Thengwa, v. i. 
 
 Janginia. 
 
 Float. 
 
 Thenhtha, v. i. 
 
 Kanganla. 
 
 Walk about, frequent. 
 
 Thenh, v. i. 
 
 Kenda ogenda. 
 
 Go (a journey). 
 
 Thenhgenge, a. 
 
 Langalanga. 
 
 Perpendicular. 
 
 Thi v. n. def. 
 
 Ee. 
 
 Be. 
 
 Tholie, v. t. 
 
 Beta. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Thonha, v. i. 
 
 Jaga. 
 
 Be or become hot (of 
 water). 
 
66 
 
 Bakele. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Thonhshe, v. t. 
 
 Jagiza. 
 
 Tholie, v. t. 
 
 Baminia. 
 
 Thoya, v. t. 
 
 Tova. 
 
 Thokwa, v. i. 
 
 Dubua. 
 
 Thombiba, v. i. 
 
 Toa mbolo. 
 
 Tholiba, v. i. 
 
 Bamina. 
 
 Tholi, 3. 
 
 Ovambo. 
 
 Thonda, v. i. 
 
 Tonga. 
 
 Thotha, v. t. 
 
 Tombinla. 
 
 Thothangoli, 7. 
 
 Ongwongoli 
 
 Toka, v. t. 
 
 Bela. 
 
 Tola, v. t. 
 
 Tora. 
 
 Toli, a. 
 
 Nonga. 
 
 Tolie, v. i. 
 
 Tuwa. 
 
 Tombilie, v. t. 
 
 Nazina. 
 
 Tombitha, v. t. 
 
 Tombinla. 
 
 Tomba, v. i. 
 
 Jomwanla. 
 
 Tunishe, v. t. 
 
 Tuliza. 
 
 Tute, 4. 
 
 Tutu. 
 
 Tyaka, v. t. 
 
 Tuma. 
 
 Tyi, a. 
 
 Ngwa. 
 
 Tyi, ad. v 
 
 Zye. 
 
 Tyinhlie, v. t. 
 
 Diria. 
 
 Tyinhtha, v. t. 
 
 Puruna. 
 
 Tyiba, v. t. 
 
 Tula. 
 
 Tyimilie, v. i. 
 
 Jaza. 
 
 Tyityi, 4. 
 
 Evere. 
 
 Tyinjilie, v. t. 
 
 Sombia. 
 
 Tyinjitba, v. t. 
 
 Pindia. 
 
 Tyuka, v. t. 
 
 
 Tyuta, v. t. 
 
 Suna. 
 
 Tyuni, 7 
 
 Njuki. 
 
 Tyvma, v. i. 
 
 Tula. 
 
 Tyuma, v. t. 
 
 Tuma. 
 
 Tyumba, v. t. 
 
 Pezya. 
 
 Tyula, v. t. 
 
 
 Tyunitha, v. t. 
 
 Panga njuk 
 
 Tyuba, v. t. 
 
 Teta. 
 
 Tyubitha, v. t. 
 
 f\ 
 
 Va, ad. 
 
 Yena. 
 
 Vala, v. t» 
 
 Tumba* 
 
 English. 
 
 Heat (water). 
 
 Make blaze. 
 
 Yomit. 
 
 Leave, clear out. 
 
 Be or become old. 
 
 Blaze. 
 
 Flame, blaze. 
 
 Roar. 
 
 Take away. 
 
 Chameleon. 
 
 Want, seek for. 
 
 Move (effects or town) 
 from a place. 
 
 Old. 
 
 Burst. 
 
 Hand over. 
 
 Lift up. 
 
 Quarrel. 
 
 Dull. 
 
 Two fathoms cloth. 
 
 Stick (with pointed in- 
 strument). 
 
 Shut. 
 
 Not. 
 
 Tie. 
 
 Untie. 
 
 Beat, pound, pulverize. 
 
 Sneeze. 
 
 Animal, meat. 
 
 Command. 
 
 Push, shove. 
 
 Squeeze. 
 
 Pinch. 
 
 Trouble. 
 
 Be or become dull. 
 
 Sew. 
 
 Burn (a farm). 
 
 Strip off (leaves). 
 
 Trouble. 
 
 Speak, utter. 
 
 Stab. 
 
 Here, where. 
 Dig up. 
 
67 
 
 Bak&e. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Yala, v. t. 
 
 Tongunia. 
 
 Raise up. 
 
 Yalia, v. i. 
 
 Nongwa. 
 
 Arise. 
 
 Yanh, v. t. 
 
 Ta. 
 
 Wish. 
 
 Yanda, v. t. 
 
 Tama. 
 
 Choose, select. 
 
 Yani, ad. 
 
 Gogo. 
 
 There. 
 
 Yani, ad. 
 
 Gwi. 
 
 Where. 
 
 Yanja, v. t. 
 
 Sazya. 
 
 Tear down, demolish. 
 
 Yanjitha, v. t. 
 
 Pazangana. 
 
 Scatter, waste. 
 
 Yanava, ad. 
 
 Yava. 
 
 There. 
 
 Yeia, 8. 
 
 Ogoni. 
 
 Firewood, fire. 
 
 Veka, v. t. 
 
 Mia. 
 
 Know. 
 
 Yela, v. i. 
 
 Mana. 
 
 Heal. 
 
 Yelia, v. i. 
 
 Miagana. 
 
 Know each other. 
 
 Yelie, v. t. 
 
 Keniza. 
 
 Try, measure. 
 
 Yenhlie, v. t. 
 
 Feuginla. 
 
 Wait for. 
 
 Yende, v. t. 
 
 Jambunla. 
 
 Sweep. 
 
 Yenia, v. i. 
 
 Ogwande. 
 
 Be generous. 
 
 Yenha, v. i. 
 
 Jena igono. 
 
 Tend (an infant). 
 
 Yeshe, v. t. 
 
 Mieza. 
 
 Cause to know. 
 
 Yebe, v. i. 
 
 Dogwa. 
 
 Fly, bounce. 
 
 Yebilia, v. i. 
 
 Pevina. 
 
 Blow gently. 
 
 Ye or The, v. t. 
 
 Pa or Pe. 
 
 Give, pay. 
 
 Yebi, 3. 
 
 Ongwei. 
 
 Breath. 
 
 Yembe, v. i. 
 
 Pevina. 
 
 Blow hard, blow (the 
 nose). 
 
 Yeshe, v. t. 
 
 Peniza. 
 
 Neglect, slight. 
 
 Yethe, v. t. 
 
 Pedia. 
 
 Insult, treat with con- 
 tempt. 
 
 Yia, 8. 
 
 Ongwa. 
 
 Little one. 
 
 Yialia, v. i. 
 
 Ninia. 
 
 Sink, dive. 
 
 Yiambilia, v. t. 
 
 Pelavela. 
 
 Brandish. 
 
 Yialie. 
 
 Otutu. 
 
 Smoke. 
 
 Yia, 8. 
 
 Ikozyo. 
 
 Mushroom. 
 
 Yiali, 8. 
 
 Ososi. 
 
 Whistling. 
 
 Yiali, 8. 
 
 Eshange. 
 
 Hawk. 
 
 Yibakwa, 8. 
 
 Mbinji. 
 
 Wild-dog, jackall. 
 
 Yiba, v. t. 
 
 Samba. 
 
 Kiss. 
 
 Yibilia, v. i. 
 
 Sambana. 
 
 Kiss each other. 
 
 Yibiki, 8. 
 
 Mbo.^ 
 
 Musquito. 
 
 YieteJi, 8. 
 
 Ogegeni. 
 
 Star. 
 
 Yiekoli, 8. 
 
 Olagazyonge. 
 
 Fire fly. 
 
 Yietete, a. 
 
 Boba. 
 
 Lopsided. 
 
 Yie, ad. 
 
 Banda. 
 
 Tight, fast. 
 
 Yikienh, 8. 
 
 Ovenda. 
 
 Razor, scissors. 
 
 Yikosha, 8. 
 
 Ogula. 
 
 Tornado. 
 
 Yikaka, 8. 
 
 Mbato. 
 
 Stinginess (about money). 
 
68 
 
 BakSlg. 
 
 Vile, 8. 
 Vilambe, 8. 
 Vilanga, 8. 
 VileH, 8. 
 Viletyi, 8. 
 Viliej v. t. 
 Yilonda, 8. 
 Vilest, 8. 
 Yimi, 3. 
 Vinani, 8. 
 Vinhlie, v. t. 
 Vinhtha, v. t. 
 Yinda, v. i. 
 Vinishe, v. t. 
 Yinji, a. 
 Yina, 8 & 3. 
 Vina-vishangwe. 
 Yindoli, 8. 
 Yinitha, v. t. 
 Vinya, 8. 
 Yinda, v. t. 
 Vinyangwe, 8. 
 Yio, 8. 
 Yionji, 8. 
 Viosha, 8. 
 Visheli, 8. 
 Vishegwe, 8. 
 Vishlie, v. t. 
 Vishali, 8. 
 Yishivishali, ad. 
 Yishivishoka, ad. 
 Vitha. 
 Yithaba, ad. 
 Vithonhlie, 8. 
 Vitoli, 8. 
 Vitya, v. i. 
 Vityitha, v. t. 
 Vityie, 8. 
 Yivai, 8. 
 Yivitha, v. t. 
 Yiu, a. 
 Yi, ad. 
 
 Wanda, v. t. 
 Wabi, 3. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 Mango. 
 
 Mondo. 
 
 Oronga. 
 
 JSTkoro. 
 
 Elenge. 
 
 JSTungunla. 
 
 Oloncla. 
 
 Oresi. 
 
 ISTkani. 
 
 Nyani. 
 
 Kavalia. 
 
 Sungo. 
 
 Jila. 
 
 Findiza. 
 
 Cnambe. 
 
 Omen'lo. 
 
 Omen ompolu. 
 
 Ozyakilia. 
 
 Jongunla. 
 
 Ofuru. 
 
 ]N"iimba. 
 
 Njiko. 
 
 Yio. 
 
 Erem. 
 
 Ongwei. 
 
 ]STtyeri. 
 
 Itu. 
 
 Puga. 
 
 Ntyali. 
 
 Ongwazama. 
 
 Erungu. 
 
 Yina. 
 
 Bo. 
 
 Nkenjo. 
 
 Kalua. 
 
 Kalunia. 
 
 Ojo. 
 
 Mbadi. 
 
 Tena. 
 
 Yiavia. 
 
 Gwi. 
 
 W. 
 
 Jarunla. 
 Ozyazya. 
 
 Swiftness. 
 
 Snare. 
 
 The deep channel. 
 
 Centipede. 
 
 Poor man, lazy. 
 
 Help. 
 
 Bead. 
 
 Rice. 
 
 Sickness, pain. 
 
 Bird. 
 
 Roll. 
 
 Borrow. 
 
 Be or become dark. 
 
 Make dark. 
 
 Black. 
 
 Finger. 
 
 Thumb. 
 
 Kindler. 
 
 Covet. 
 
 Sand-fly, gnat. 
 
 Hate. 
 
 Brown water-bird. 
 
 Distress. 
 
 Hatchet. 
 
 Sunshine. 
 
 Gazelle. 
 
 Fun. 
 
 Cover. 
 
 Sparrow. 
 
 Little. 
 
 In a whisper. 
 
 Sleep. 
 
 Far away. 
 
 Fire-brand. 
 
 Dwarf. 
 
 Change, turn. 
 
 Change. 
 
 Torch 1 , candle. 
 
 Squirrel. 
 
 Chop. 
 
 Black, brown. 
 
 Where. 
 
 Split. 
 Palaver. 
 
69 
 
 BakSlS. 
 
 Wali,a. 
 Watha, v. i. 
 Walie, v. t. 
 Walinga, a. 
 Wanh, v. i. 
 Wanhshe, v. t. 
 Washa, v. t. 
 Wembilie, v. t. 
 Wo, a. 
 Woka, v. i. 
 Woitha, v. i. 
 "Wola, v. i. 
 Wolie, v. i. 
 Wolishe, v. i. 
 Womba, v. i. 
 Wombishe. 
 "Woni, ad. 
 Woshe, v. t. 
 Wotha, v. t. 
 Wubie, a. 
 Wubitha, v. i. 
 Wubishe, v. t. 
 "Wula, v. t. 
 Wulia, v. i. 
 Wunja, v. i. 
 Wunjitha, v. t. 
 Wunjitha, v. i. 
 Wunhlie, v. t. 
 Wusha, a. 
 Wusha, v. t. 
 Wuta, v. t. 
 
 Mpongwe. 
 
 English. 
 
 Nkei. 
 
 Cool. 
 
 Paula. 
 
 Become cool. 
 
 Panliza. 
 
 Cool. ; 
 
 Kega. 
 
 Crooked. 
 
 Pama. 
 
 Be or become fat. 
 
 Pamiza. 
 
 Fatten, j 
 
 Penla. 
 
 Twist. 
 
 Kogina. 
 
 Snuff. 
 
 Da. 
 
 Doa da. 
 
 Still, silent. 
 Be still. 
 
 Poza. 
 Tua. 
 
 Stop, quit. 
 Be sharp. 
 
 Jalia. 
 
 Be able. 
 
 Negiza. 
 
 Hasten, sharpen. 
 
 Pombiavombia. 
 Gunu. 
 
 Oscillate, be deranged, 
 Make swing, befool. 
 Here. 
 
 Bundakaina. 
 
 Break, spoil. 
 
 Shuga. 
 
 Trouble. 
 
 Mpe. 
 Tuna. 
 
 Short. 
 
 Be or become short. 
 
 Tuniza. 
 
 Shorten. 
 
 Bumba. 
 
 Betroth. 
 
 Duma. 
 
 Swell. 
 
 Purua. 
 
 Become loose. 
 
 Puruna. 
 
 Untie. 
 
 Bundunla. 
 
 Boil (as spring). 
 
 Punjina. 
 Iginji. 
 
 Blow (with mouth). 
 Awkward. 
 
 Punga. 
 
 Throw. 
 
 Kombina, 
 
 Hem, fold. 
 
ENGLISH AND BAKELE. 
 
 A. 
 
 Abash, v. t. jenisM shdni. 
 Abdomen, n. mai. 
 Abhor, v. t. hena. 
 Abide, v. i. diya. 
 Ability, n. nguli. 
 Able, v. i. wolie. 
 Abound, v. i. butha. 
 Above, ad.pe thohe. 
 Abroad, ad. pe mbothe. 
 Absent, v. i. ski be. 
 Abuse, v. t. kwelie. 
 Accuse (falsely), v. t. banhlie. 
 Ache, v. i. kancla. 
 Acknowledge, v. t. mewi. 
 Act, v. t. kama. 
 Adam's apple, n. dingdnh. 
 Add, v. t. kolia. 
 Adhere, v. i. nata. 
 Adversary, n. themba. 
 Adz, n. pake. 
 Afar, ad. mthaba. 
 Affair, n. aba. 
 Afraid, v. i. nyenh. 
 After, ad. pis he f%. 
 Again, vA.bali. 
 Aground, v. i. sliika. 
 Ahead, ad. pe boshe. 
 Aid, v. t. vilie. 
 Aim, v. i. jelia. 
 Albino, 11. akoi, apene. 
 Alcohol, n. mathale. 
 Alight, v. i. beiytbe. 
 Alike, a. na ntyinh wat&. 
 Alive, a. kikami. 
 All, a.jes7ie, dec. 
 Allegorize, v. t. kanitha. 
 Allegory, n. ngana. 
 Alligator, n. nganji. 
 
 Allow, v. t. melie. 
 
 Allure, v. t. Itanda. 
 
 Almighty, a. na 7iguli nyeshe. 
 
 Almost, ad. kunakuna. 
 
 Alone, ad. dipa. 
 
 Aloud, ad. na nguli (with 
 
 strength). 
 Also, ad. njiki. 
 Alter, v. t. mtyitha. 
 Altercate, v. t. shunhlia. 
 Altercation, n. dishunhlia. 
 Always, ad. adukwa jeshe (all 
 
 time). 
 Amulet, n. borne, mubunda, 
 
 nshua. 
 Ancestry, n. bambamba. 
 Anchor, ii. nyilu. 
 And, conj. na, did. 
 Anger, n. mbimba, dianhi. 
 Angle, ii. dityunjiki. 
 Angle, v. thdba. 
 Angry, v. i. nyanya. 
 Animal, n. tyityi. 
 Annoy, v. t. kdmd njuhi. 
 Annoyance, n. njulci. 
 Anoint, v. t. jdtha. 
 Another, a. wctkd. 
 Another's, a. nga. 
 Answer, v. i. jeliba. 
 Ant-hill, n. nshemba. 
 Ant, n. shikwe (one species). 
 Anvil, n. ndokwe. 
 Any, a. jeshe, c&c. 
 Apparition, n. jimie. 
 Approach, v. i. nja kuna (come 
 
 near). 
 Arise, v. i. valia. 
 Arm, n. mho. 
 Armadillo, n. kawe. 
 Arm-pit, n. kabilie* 
 
102 
 
 Arrange, v. t. shambitha. 
 Arrest, v. t. bietha. 
 Arrive, v. i. hatha, pama. 
 Arrow, n. asholaoe. 
 As, conj. mbo. 
 Ascend, v. i. beta. 
 Ashamed, v. i. jene shani. 
 Ashes, n. dishumbiki. 
 Ashore, ad. pe penje. 
 Ask, v. t.pika. 
 Assemble, v. t. shdbilie. 
 Assent, v. i. melie. 
 Astonish, v. t. mamishe. 
 At, prep.^e. 
 Attempt, v. i. jelia. 
 Awake, v. i. jemia. 
 Awake, v. t. jemitha. 
 Awkward, a. washa. 
 Awkwardness, n. biwusha. 
 Axe, n. vionji. 
 
 B. 
 
 Babe, n. lakienhthe. 
 
 Bachelor, m nkathct. 
 
 Back, n. nkdnh. 
 
 Backbone, n. nJcala. 
 
 Backwards, ad. pepishe. 
 
 Bad, a. Tribe. 
 
 Bag, n. mianje. 
 
 Bail, v. t. loka. 
 
 Bait, n. ndia. 
 
 Baldness, n. dibama. 
 
 Ball, n. ntoa, abuJci. 
 
 Bamboo (for building), n. aban- 
 
 jika. 
 Bamboo-nut, n. lanjoi. 
 Bamboo-tree, n. dityutyi. 
 Banana, n. ditcttd. 
 Bark, n. aviki. 
 Bark, v. i. ngboma. 
 Barrel, n. ntelce. 
 Barren- woman, n. akomba. 
 Barter, v. t. shomba. 
 Basin, n. ntyenge. . 
 Bask, v. i. jdld. 
 Basket, n. adongwe^japa, mbaka 
 different kinds). 
 
 Bat, n. nderna. 
 
 Bathe, v. i. jobitha. 
 
 Beach, n. nsheke. 
 
 Beads, n. vilonda. 
 
 Beak, n. aslidtiki. 
 
 Bean, n. ashange. 
 
 Bear (carry), v. t. bapie. 
 
 Bear (produce), v. t. juma. 
 
 Beard, n. jeli. 
 
 Beast, ii. tyityi. 
 
 Beat, v. t. bitha. 
 
 Beautiful, a. na bishdmbe. 
 
 Beauty, n. bishambe. 
 
 Because, conj. nadiambilindi. 
 
 Beckon, v. i. pepilie. 
 
 Bed, n. ananh, dihaki. 
 
 Bed-time, n. adukwa-yi-nyinhi- 
 
 ilia. 
 Bee, n. lanyui. 
 Beef, n. tyityi-nga-nyatyi. 
 Beeswax, n. aponga. 
 Before, ad.^e boshe. 
 Beg, v. t. bembe. 
 Be^et, v. t. biatha. 
 Begin, v. t. tatytke. 
 Behind, ^.pepishe. 
 Behold, v. t. shanh. 
 Belch, v. i. doya. 
 Believe, v. t. melie. 
 Bell, n. uteri ge. 
 Bellow, v. i. thonda. 
 Bellows, n. nkomba. 
 Belly, n. mai. 
 Below, ad.^e shi. 
 Belt, n. nya. 
 Bench, n. ashuavenda. 
 Bend, v. t. kdtyishe. , 
 Benefit, v. t. kombitha. 
 Bent, a. Mia. 
 Beseech, v. t. shdshilie. 
 Between, prep, pe tema. 
 Betroth, v. t. wula. 
 Beyond, prep, pe boshe, pe mbo 
 
 wdkd. 
 Big, a. nen. 
 Bigness, n. nenia. 
 Billet (of wood), n. mpimji. 
 Billow, n. nkeba. 
 
103 
 
 Binding, n. dibunde^ kola. 
 
 Bird, n. vinani. 
 
 Birdnest, n.jaki. 
 
 Biscuit, n. adeka. 
 
 Bite, v. t. kiele. 
 
 Bitterness, n. atholi. 
 
 Black, a. vinji. 
 
 Blacken, v. t. vinishe. 
 
 Blackfish, n. nguba. 
 
 Black- man, n. mutyi-nga-vinji. 
 
 Blacksmith, n. nlui. 
 
 Blame, v. t. shembe. 
 
 Blame, n. nshembia. 
 
 Blanket, n. awu. 
 
 Blaze, n. iholi. 
 
 Blaze, v. i. tholiba. 
 
 Bleed, v. t. babilie. 
 
 Blessing, n. dibata. 
 
 Blind person, n. apaki, njime. 
 
 Blister, n. dishola. 
 
 Blood, n. 
 
 Blow (gently), v. i. pupilie. 
 
 Blow (with mouth), v. t. wunhlie. 
 
 Blow (the nose), v. i. vembe. 
 
 Blow down, v. t. pumbitha. 
 
 Board, n. ntyimbi. 
 
 Boast, v. i. paka-nyuli. 
 
 Boat, n. alenji. 
 
 Body, n. nyuli. 
 
 Boil, n. diala. 
 
 Boil (as water), v. i. kola, taka. 
 
 Boil, v. t. tdshe. 
 
 Bold, a. na lema. 
 
 Bone, n. avesha. 
 
 Book, n. ashangango. 
 
 Border, n. mbeiki. 
 
 Bore, v. t. bathd, pila. 
 
 Borrow, v. t. vinhtha. 
 
 Bounce, v. i. vebe. 
 
 Boundary, n. ntheli. 
 
 Bow (for shooting), n. nte. 
 
 Bow (of canoe, &c), n. dishdli. 
 
 Bow, v. i. data. 
 
 Bowels, n. miethe. 
 
 Bowl, n. ntyenge. 
 
 Bow-legged, a. makete. 
 
 Box, n. avata. 
 
 Boy, n. ndembishali. 
 
 Brace, v. t. slmlca. 
 
 Braid, n. dishola. 
 
 Braid, v. t. nama. 
 
 Brains, n. bldnh. 
 
 Branch, n. alaba. 
 
 Brandish, v. t. orambilie. 
 
 Brass, n. nyenie. 
 
 Brass kettle, n. mbeye. 
 
 Brass pan, n. anjanja. 
 
 Brass rod, n. dishunh. 
 
 Break, n. mpemba. 
 
 Break (crockery, &c), v. i. bolie. 
 
 Break, ^ " " v. t. botha. 
 
 Break (stick, <fec), v. t. bulca. 
 
 Breast, n. ntothi. 
 
 Breath, n. pidi, vebi. 
 
 Breech, n. dityinda. 
 
 Bridge, n. dibonh. 
 
 Bring, v. t. ndeshe. 
 
 Bring forth, v. t. braiha, s/idmba. 
 
 Bring up, v. t. longlie. 
 
 Bristle, n. nshanh. 
 
 Broad, a. na mpusha. 
 
 Brook, n. via, mho. 
 
 Broom, n. law AM. 
 
 Brother, n. manyangwe, ndomi. 
 
 Brush, n. dushi. 
 
 Brush, v.pipitha. 
 
 Bubble, n. dijdkd. 
 
 Buckle, n. kdbe. 
 
 Budd, n. ntyildmbia. 
 
 Build, v. t. lonha. 
 
 Builder, n. nlongi. 
 
 Bundle, n. mbdmbi. 
 
 Burn, v, i. dika. 
 
 Burn, v. t. dishe. 
 
 Burst, v. i. iolia. 
 
 Business, n. nshdshd. 
 
 Butt, v. t. konhitha. 
 
 Butter, n. bdtdld. 
 
 Butterfly, n. apilibish. 
 
 Buttock, n. dibombi. 
 
 Button, n. diloki. 
 
 Button-hole, n. dibowa-di-dl- 
 
 loki. 
 Buy, v. t. shomba. 
 
104 
 
 C. 
 
 Cable, n. nwidi. 
 
 Cag, n. via-nteka. 
 
 Calabash, n. shale. 
 
 Calf, n. ma-nyatyi. 
 
 Calico, n. nkombe. 
 
 Call, v. t. theba. 
 
 Candle, n. atyie. 
 
 Cannon, n. nduma. 
 
 Canoe, n. biali. 
 
 Cap, n. avaki. 
 
 Capsize, v. t. shobishe. 
 
 Captain, n. ngdwe. 
 
 Captive, n. mboka. 
 
 Carcass, n. munh. 
 
 Care, n. dishdld, mbambi. 
 
 Careful, v. i. kanhlie. 
 
 Cargo, n. dumba. 
 
 Carpenter, n. nkienh. 
 
 Carry (on back), v. t. bapie. 
 
 Carry (in arms), v. t. vambitha. 
 
 Case, n. dibambi. 
 
 Cask, n. nteka. 
 
 Cassada, n. ntodndd. 
 
 Cast, v. t. wusha. 
 
 Cat, n.pusi. 
 
 Cataract, n. dishoki. 
 
 Catch, v.bietha. 
 
 Catfish, n. nkonge. 
 
 Cavern, n. bull. 
 
 Censure, v. t. shembe. 
 
 Centipede, n. 
 
 Chain, a. sungwalcdla. 
 
 Chair, n. dishowa. 
 
 Chalk, n. mpemba. 
 
 Chamber, n. alongioe. 
 
 Chameleon, n. tho thangoli. 
 
 Charge, n. diboli. 
 
 Charge, v. t. thdnhlic. 
 
 Cheat, v. t. pita. 
 
 Cheek, n. dimuki. 
 
 Chest, n. avata. 
 
 Chew, v. t. nyabitha, putha. 
 
 Child, n. mana. 
 
 Childhood, n. bindZmbi. 
 
 Chimpanzee, n. kutha. 
 
 Chin, n. nkieke. 
 
 Chip, n. lanibai. 
 
 Choke (as weeds), v. t. kanh. 
 
 Choose, v. t. tdbd. 
 
 Chop, v. t. vivitha. 
 
 Circumcise, v. t. sheba. 
 
 Circumference, n. nkuba. 
 
 Claw, n. anyala. 
 
 Clean, a. nkdvjili. 
 
 Cleanliness, n. dikanjili, dikie- 
 
 likioe, 
 Climb, v. t.jeba. 
 Clock, n. nkdla. 
 Cloth, n. ndamba. 
 Cloud, n. avinji. 
 Coal, n. diatha. 
 Cock, n. kuba ngwashangwe. 
 Cockroach, n. penje. 
 Cold, n. divebi. 
 Cold (to become), v. i. Jceta. 
 Collection, n. dishabd. 
 Comb, n. angwashitha. 
 Comb, v. t. babitha. 
 Come, v. i. nja. 
 Come out, v. i. dusha. 
 Command, v. t. tywjilie. . 
 Company, n. nkatha, nshamba. 
 Complete, v..t. shilie. 
 Conceal, v. t. shalie. 
 Concern, n. diambi. 
 Concert, v. i. bonda. 
 Confess, v. t. meme. 
 Conjure, v. i. sfidkd, tembe. 
 Conjurer, n. nga. 
 Conquer, y-, i. kaliba. 
 Consent'^ v'. i. melie. 
 Consider, y.^' lanlia. 
 Contend, v. % shunhlia. 
 Converse, v.'i. lanh milanh. 
 Cook, v. t. lamba. 
 Cool, a. wdli. 
 Copper, n. nkonga. 
 Cork, n. aduiki. 
 Corn, n.potye. 
 Corner, n. dityunjiki. 
 Corpse, n. akienh, munh. 
 Cough, v. i. kashithd. 
 
105 
 
 Count, v. t. lank. 
 Countenance, n. hoshe. 
 County, n. 
 Cover, n. apika. 
 Cover, v. t. vishilic. 
 Covet, v. t. vinitha. 
 Covetousness, n. avina. 
 Cow, n. nyatyi. 
 Cowardice, n. biangioe. 
 Crack, n. nwuwji. 
 Cracker, n. adeka. 
 Crawl, v. i. landa. 
 Crazy person, n. alesha. 
 Creep, v. i. jatha. 
 Cricket, n. disheliki. 
 Cripple, n. aboka, atheme. 
 Crooked, a. vialinga. 
 Cross, v. t. tatya. 
 Crow, v. i. lanh. 
 Crowd, v. t. batyie. 
 Crown (of head), n. iabihali. 
 Crumb, n. apitshi. 
 Crumble, v. t. nyunha. 
 Cry, v. i. t hatha. 
 Cup, n. ntyenge ngashalz. 
 Cure, v. t. joma, kishe. 
 Curl, v. t. hatha. 
 Curse, v. t. sheme. 
 • Cushion, n. ashubi. 
 Custom, n. raputyi. 
 Cut, v. t.kattt. 
 Cut (bushes), v. t. liya. 
 Cut (up meat) baya. 
 Cutlass, n. nkwata. 
 
 D. 
 
 Daily, ad. ashu jeshe. 
 
 Dam, n. mieke. 
 
 Dance, v. i. jemba. 
 
 Dance, n. laboke. 
 
 Dark (become), v. i. vinda. 
 
 Darken, v. t. vinishe. 
 
 Darkness, n. divityiki. 
 
 Dash, v. t. dembilie. 
 
 Date (tree and fruit) n. anjiki. 
 
 Daughter, n. miana ngamiali. 
 
 Dawn, v. i. levja. 
 Day, n. ashu. 
 Day-time, n. ndanh. 
 Deaf, a. lagwala tyl. 
 Death, n. digwa. 
 Decay, v. i. hatha. 
 Deceitful, a. na ndioba. 
 Deceitfulness, n. ndioba. 
 Deck, n. ndeke. 
 Deep, n. vilanga. 
 Defend, v. t. kamhilie. 
 Deliver, v. t. lilie. 
 Demijohn, n. angamba. 
 Demolish, v. t. vanja. 
 Deny, v. t. shaslia. 
 Depart, v. i. kie. 
 Dependents, n. ataka. 
 
 E. 
 
 Eagle, n. mbele. 
 Ear, n. gwale. 
 Ear-ring, n. mori. 
 Earth, n. pmije nyi, sht. 
 Eat, v. t. dia. 
 Ebb, n. manyamia. 
 Ebb, v. i. shula. 
 Ebony, n. avila. 
 Edge (of knife) > n. miebiki. 
 Edge, n. miebiki. 
 Effects, n. dumba. 
 Egg, n. diaki. 
 Elbow, n. angarijikL 
 Elephant, n. njaki. 
 Embark, v. i. tabd. 
 Empty, a. nani. 
 Enclose, v. t. dibilie. 
 Enclose, v. t. lunha. 
 End, n. landanga. 
 End, v. t. shilie. 
 Endure, v. t. jika. 
 Enemy, n. themba. 
 Enlarge, v. t. nenishe. 
 Enmity, n. athoni. 
 Enter, v. i. nyinhitha. 
 Entrails, n. miethe. 
 Envy, n. avina. 
 
106 
 
 Errand, n. lomili. 
 Escape, v. i. bamba. 
 Escape, thebitha. 
 Evening, ad. ngothoma. 
 Examine, v. t. benhethe. 
 Excel, v. i. daka. 
 Except, prep. nge. 
 Exchange, v. t. shenhla. 
 Explain, v. t. tyimbitha. 
 Explicitly, ad. gwashi. 
 Extinguish, v. t. dima. 
 Extricate, v. t. kabitha. 
 Eye, n. dishi. 
 Eyebrow, n. angiaka. 
 Eyelid, n. athai. 
 
 F. 
 
 Face, n. boshe. 
 
 Fail (as streams), v. i. gwetha. 
 
 Faint, v. i. shoba. 
 
 Fall, v. i. kwa. 
 
 Falls, n. dishoki. 
 
 Fame, n. lakumi. 
 
 Family, n. ataka. 
 
 Fan,n. mjpungi. 
 
 Fan, v. t. jpujpilie. 
 
 Far, ad. vithaba. 
 
 Farm, n. ahanli. 
 
 Fat (to be), v. i. tvan'h. 
 
 Father, n. shangwe. 
 
 Fathom, awnba. 
 
 Fatten, v. t. loansM. 
 
 Fear, n. nyenhgwa. 
 
 Fear, nyenh. 
 
 Fearful (to be), v. i.janhba. 
 
 Feast, n. dibeki. 
 
 Feather (tail of birds), n. asha- 
 
 tha. 
 Fe'id, v. t. dieshe. 
 Fell, v. t. kwele. 
 Fetish, n. akutyc. 
 Fence, n. nkala. 
 File, n. agwashi. 
 Fill, v. t. lo?iishe. 
 Find, v. t. dushitha. 
 
 Fine, a. sMmbe. 
 
 Finger, n. vina. 
 
 Finger-nail, n. anyala. 
 
 Fire, n. veia. 
 
 Fire, du. 
 
 Fire-brand, n. anjika. 
 
 Fire-fly, n. viekoli. 
 
 Fire-steel, n. mianga. 
 
 Fire-wood, n. veia. 
 
 First, a. gweke. 
 
 Fish, n. shie. 
 
 Fish-hook, n. ditJiabi. 
 
 Fish-net, n. mbusha. 
 
 Fish-scale, n. abashi. 
 
 Fish -spear (bamboo), n. ashasha. 
 
 Fish-spear, n. avangi. 
 
 Fist, n. aboli, atyuli. 
 
 Flag, n. ntyanga. 
 
 Flamingo, n. mbelo. 
 
 Flannel, n. nioinhinanga. 
 
 Flap, v. t.pegilm 
 
 Flea, n. lanyatha. 
 
 Flee, v. i. nyenh. 
 
 Flesh, n. nshoni. 
 
 Float, v. i. thenhmbe. 
 
 Flock, n. ndianh. 
 
 Flood, n. ndembe. 
 
 Flood-tide, n. niapanjia. 
 
 Floor, n. ndeke. 
 
 Flour, n. inpembci. 
 
 Flower, n. lapesha. 
 
 Fly, v. i. vebP-. 
 
 Fly, n. lambathd. 
 
 Fly-brush, n. lanji. 
 
 Foam, n. lapuliki. 
 
 Foetus, n. dibum. 
 
 Fog, n. dingutyi. 
 
 Fold, v. t. wuta. 
 
 Food, n. bidia. 
 
 Fool, n. alesha. 
 
 Foot, n. dibo. 
 
 Foresight, n. bikieli. 
 
 Forehead, n. ashili. 
 
 Forget, v. t. levisha. 
 
 Forks (of road), n. mai. 
 
 Forsake, v. t. kuta. 
 
107 
 
 Fowl, n. Jcuba. 
 
 Fragments, n. minyungwa, 
 
 mputha. 
 Freckle, n. lambakitha. 
 Freshet, n. ndembe. 
 Friend, n. jombi. 
 Frock, n. alinga. 
 Fruit, n. abuma. 
 Fry, v. tjanh. 
 Full, a. beni. 
 Full, a. dibomi. 
 Full, v. i. londa. 
 Fun, vishegwe. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gain, n. biba. 
 
 Gape, v. tjabitha. 
 
 Garment, n. ngctye. 
 
 Gate, n. lakobaka. 
 
 Gazelle, n. msheli. 
 
 Generous (to be), v. i. venia. 
 
 Get, v. t kovitha. 
 
 Gift, n. bivehe. 
 
 Gift, n. mpaka. 
 
 Ginger, n. am,analceta. 
 
 Girdle, n. nya. 
 
 Girl, n. ndembishalL 
 
 Give, v. t. ve. 
 
 Gizzard, n. dibanda. 
 
 Glad (to be), v. t. dona. 
 
 Glass, n. alashi. 
 
 Glide, v. t. landa. 
 
 Go, v. i. Me. 
 
 Goat, n. amboli. . 
 
 God, n. anyambie. 
 
 Good, a. mhenh, mbali. 
 
 Goora-nut, n. dibeli. 
 
 Go out, v. i. dusha. 
 
 Gouge, v. t. pinjitha. 
 
 Gourd, n. ngandct, shobe. 
 
 Gown, n. alinga. 
 
 Grand- child, n. ndatJia. 
 
 Grand-parent, n. mbamba. 
 
 Grass-field, n. ntovi. 
 
 Grass-hopper, n. nyakayekaye. 
 
 Grave, n. shank. 
 Gray-hair, n. lambunhi. 
 Greediness, n. lanyalca. 
 Green-parrot, n. akiydrnbd. 
 Grind, v. t. jiya. 
 Groan, v. i. benja. 
 Ground, n. asliapika. 
 Ground, v. i. shika. 
 Ground-nut, n. lambenda. 
 Grow, v. i. longwa. 
 Growth, n. longwa. 
 Grumble, v. i. nyamila. 
 Guest, n. nthenh. 
 Gullet, n. aminiM. 
 Gum- copal, n. abama. 
 Gum-elastic, n. ndambie. 
 Gun, n. njali. 
 Gun-flint, n. diJcenje. 
 Gut, v. t. shoya. 
 
 H. 
 
 Hair, n. lashoi. 
 
 Hair-pin, n. miashi. 
 
 Half, angili. 
 
 Halloo, v. t. jamilta. 
 
 Hammer, n. ndokwe. 
 
 Hand, n. diMnji. 
 
 Handkerchief, n. divelesJt. 
 
 Handle (of knife), n. ndaka. 
 
 Hang up, v. t.petyie. 
 
 Hard (to be), v. dela. 
 
 Hard, a. deli. 
 
 Harp, n. ngambi. 
 
 Hasten, v. i. kola. 
 
 Hasten, v. i. wolishe. 
 
 Hat, n. abobi. 
 
 Hatchet, n. adiolca. 
 
 Hate, v. t. bena. 
 
 Hate, v. t. vinda. 
 
 Hatred, n. mbenia. 
 
 Hatred, n. labeni. 
 
 Head (of tobacco), n. abonji. 
 
 Head, n. laiigaha, mulie. 
 
 Head of navigation, n. nibothi. 
 
 Head-wife, n. ahonji. 
 
108 
 
 Heal, v. i. vela. 
 
 Heap, n. dishoslia. 
 
 Ilea j", v. t. joJca. 
 
 Heart, n. lema. 
 
 Heat, v. t. thonhshe. 
 
 Heat, n. mbelia bithonh. 
 
 Hedge-hog, n. ngomba. 
 
 Heel, n. dityili. 
 
 Help, v. t. vilie. 
 
 Hera, v. t. wuta. 
 
 Hen -hawk, n. vidli. 
 
 Here, ad. va, woni. 
 
 Herring, n. rnbeli. 
 
 Hiccough, n. asheisheiki. 
 
 Hide (one's self), v. i. shdlibd. 
 
 Hide, v. t. s/idlie. 
 
 Hiding-place, n. dishdthd. 
 
 Hill, n. mbeka. 
 
 Hinge, n. Jcdbe. 
 
 Hippopotamus, n. ngubi. 
 
 Hoarseness, n. bianhsha. 
 
 Hoe, u. apian je. 
 
 Hog, n. ngoya. 
 
 Hold, n. mpulingi. 
 
 Hole, n. rnpuli. 
 
 Hole (in ground), n. lambetha. 
 
 Hole, n. dibowa. 
 
 Honey, n. bivi. 
 
 Honey- comb, n. aleni. 
 
 Honor, v. t. natha. 
 
 Hoof, n. dinyalild. 
 
 Horn, n. lalca. 
 
 Horn, n atyiJca. 
 
 Hot (to be), v. i. of water, 
 
 thonna. 
 Hour, n. digwela di nlcdla. 
 How many ? a. nit f 
 Hunger, n. nyatha. 
 Hunter, n. njothi. 
 Hunting net, n. divxityi. 
 Hurt, v. t. julca. 
 Hurt, v. t. juishe. 
 Husk, v. t ndthd. 
 Husk, n. abotyi. 
 Hypocrisy, n. bishdmbe-gioana. 
 
 I. 
 
 If, conj. & prep. na. 
 Image, n. akmba. 
 Impinge, v. t. dumitha. 
 Infant, n. lalcienhtM. 
 Inside, pungwe. 
 Insult, v. t. tdthd. 
 Interiorward , nshombeJca. 
 Iron, n. jobu. 
 Iron-bar, n. dibanja. 
 Iron-hoop, n. alanga. 
 Iron-pot, n. anipotyi. 
 Island, n. anenge. 
 Ivory, n. s/aba. 
 
 Jealousy, n. ak&liki. 
 
 Join, v. t. bonha. 
 
 Joint, n. ffimdnhthd, diontha. 
 
 Joke, v. t. dete. 
 
 Joke, n. adetyi. 
 
 Journey, n. rnbothe. 
 
 Journey, v. i. thenh. 
 
 Jug, n. ashvka. 
 
 Jump, v. i. betya. 
 
 Just now, ad. Jciava. 
 
 k; 
 
 Keep, v. t. talie. 
 
 Key, n. ashapi. 
 
 Kick, nyata, nshanh. 
 
 Kill, v. t. jotha. 
 
 Killer, n. njothi. 
 
 King, n. abotyi. 
 
 Kiss, v. t. pidpti, viba. 
 
 Knead, v. t.pidtd. 
 
 Knee, n.dibdnh. 
 
 Kn ee-pan , n . lambai. 
 
 Kneel, v. i. ngonjiba. 
 
 Knife (two-edged, pointed), n. 
 
 shake. 
 Knock, v. t. boma, dumilie. 
 Knot, n, dityia. 
 Know, v. t. veka. 
 
109 
 
 L. 
 
 Ladder, n. dibiaki. 
 Lair, n. dibona. 
 Land, n. kinjiki. 
 Land, v. i. s/iuma. 
 Land-crab, n. diwdmbd. 
 Land-turtle, n. hull. 
 Landing, n. jeni. 
 Large, v. i. nene. 
 Last, a. madimilicc. 
 Laugh, v. t. jdthd. 
 Laugh at, v. t. lenli. 
 Laughter, n. Idle. 
 Law, n. nthali. 
 
 Lay down, v, t. ncmgwe, nikwe 
 Lead, n. nsliumbi. 
 Leaf, n. akai. 
 Leak, v. i. tdyd. 
 Lean, v. i. lenhbe. 
 Lean (to be), v. i. kasha. 
 Leanness, n. nkashi. 
 Learn, v. t. jetha. 
 Leave, v. t. lika. 
 Leach, n. dinyili. 
 Left-handed, a. dirndnge. 
 Leg, n. nkothi. 
 Leg (of meat), n. anama. 
 Leg (of animal), n. myatlia. 
 Length, n. ntethe, nthahia. 
 Lengthen, v. t. labishe. 
 Leprosy, n. nzyam. 
 Let go, v. i. patyiiha. 
 Letter (of alphabet), n. lende. 
 Letter, n. ashangobi. 
 Level, a. lata. 
 Lick, v. t. nyatha. 
 Lie, v. t. noka. 
 Lie down, v. i. thatha. 
 Life, n. lakiki. 
 Lift up, v. t. tombitha. 
 Light, a. ihanli. 
 Light (not heavy), a. thepi. 
 Light, n. bithdnh. 
 Light, v. t. (a candle), betyie. 
 Lighten, v. t. thepithe. 
 Like, ad. & prep. mbo. 
 10 
 
 Limb (of body), n. akesha. 
 
 Limber, a. namhi. 
 
 Lime (fruit), n. diloshi. 
 
 Limits, n. manjaki. 
 
 Link, n. debdnld. 
 
 Lip, n. alliai. 
 
 Listen, v. t. jolia. 
 
 Little, ad. visJdvishali. 
 
 Liver, n. asheeke. 
 
 Lizard, n. mdandctngwe. 
 
 Load, n. ntetyi. 
 
 Loaf, n. aljuki. 
 
 Loan, n. ashamba. 
 
 Lock, n. mpdka. 
 
 Log;, n. nkdkd. 
 T p 1 ... 
 Loin, n. jonr/i. 
 
 Loins, n. dinanh. 
 
 Long, a. laba. 
 
 Long-time, n. abemhL 
 
 Look, v. t. shanh. 
 
 Looking-glass, n. jena. 
 
 Loose (to be), v. i. wunja. 
 
 Loosen, v. t. wunjitha. 
 
 Louse, n. lanina. 
 
 Love, v. t. dinfia. 
 
 Love, n. ladinh. 
 
 Luff, v. i. jenjitha. 
 
 Lunacy, n. mienye. 
 
 Lungs, n. bishawuli. 
 
 Lust, n. madinlia. 
 
 M. 
 
 Make, v. t. kamd, komba. 
 
 Maker, n. nkombi. 
 
 Mark, n. diveka. 
 
 Mark (on body), n. lamba. 
 
 Marrow, n. shdthe. 
 
 Marry, v. t. batha. 
 
 Mast, n. nJcum. 
 
 Mat, n. abunli. 
 
 Matter (of sore), n. lavinya. 
 
 Measure (of length), n. mielid. 
 
 Measure (of quantity), n. hive- 
 
 nishi. 
 Measure, v. t. velie. 
 Measure, v. t. jelia. 
 
110 
 
 Meat, n. tyityi. 
 
 Medicine, n. Manh, manli. 
 
 Meekness, n. diminikwe. 
 
 Meet, v. i. bomita. , 
 
 Melt, v. i. jinia. 
 
 Melt, v. t. jmitha. 
 
 Mend, v. t. shdnh. 
 
 Messenger, n. abenga. 
 
 Messenger, n. mienji. 
 
 Middle, n. tenia. 
 
 Middle dry season, n. ashevi. 
 
 Milk, n. manyadiba. 
 
 Mill, n. dboka. 
 
 Milliped, n. nganhthe. 
 
 Mimic, v. t. jiesha. 
 
 Mincing, dijashi. 
 
 Mist, n. ashopi. 
 
 Mistake, v. i. thasha. 
 
 Mistake, v. t. dirnbitha. 
 
 Mix, v. t. jpula. 
 
 Mock, v. t. jamitTia. 
 
 Money, n. dibom. 
 
 Monkey, n. kiema. 
 
 Moon, n. ngdnje. 
 
 Moonlight, n. mieli. 
 
 More, ad. poslio. 
 
 More, ad. dakami. 
 
 Morning, n. kwalikwaliS. 
 
 Mortar, n. aboka. 
 
 Mother, n. nyangwe. 
 
 Mouldy (to be), x.i. jnnnitha. 
 
 Mouse, Vi.jpo. 
 
 Mouth, n. gwana. 
 
 Move, v. i. shusha. 
 
 Move (one's residence), v. t. 
 
 tola. 
 Mpongwe language, diyokwe. 
 Much, ad. mbonde. 
 Much, ad. bideli. 
 Mud, n. ntomba. 
 Mud-hole, n. ataki. 
 Mullet, n. tnand. 
 Mushroom, n. via. 
 Music-box, n. dibeka. 
 Musketoe, n. vibiki. 
 Muzzle, mpombi.'i 
 
 N. 
 
 Nail, n. landaka. 
 
 Name, n. dina. 
 
 Name, v. t. tholie. 
 
 Naked, a. shambe. 
 
 Nape, n. diali. 
 
 Narrow, a. liwba. 
 
 Nation, n. divala. 
 
 Nausea, n. bitholiS. 
 
 Navel, n. ditai. 
 
 Neck, n. kinli. 
 
 Necklace, n. ababa. 
 
 Needle, n. ntombe. 
 
 Neglect, v. t. veshe. 
 
 Nest, n. jaki. 
 
 New, a. kia. 
 
 News, n. nthaka. 
 
 Night, n. mpuma. 
 
 No, ad. bia. 
 
 Nod, v. i. TrieM, 
 
 Nod, ndenh. 
 
 Noise, n. anzyonli. , 
 
 Noon, n. nda-ndeni, tema-nya- 
 
 ndanJi. 
 Nose, n. dioi. 
 Nostril, n. nkomha. 
 Not, ad. do. 
 Not, ad. tyi. 
 Notch, n. diboki. 
 Nothing, n. bikamikamie. 
 Notify, v. t. bomilie. 
 
 O. 
 
 Oar, n. lakapi, lalenje. 
 Obey, v. t. jolie. 
 Oil, n. rnali. 
 Okra, n. mbatha. 
 Old, a. toli. 
 Old person, n. ntoli. 
 Open, a. thdnh. 
 Open, v. t. dibitha. 
 Open (eyes), v. t. banhtha. 
 Opposite, a. shonhlie. 
 Orange, n. diliasa. 
 Out-door fire, n. abeki. 
 
Ill 
 
 Owl, n. ashuli. 
 Own, v. t. bdmd. 
 Owner, n. mete,. 
 Oyster, n. dilanji. 
 
 P. 
 
 Paddle, n. lakapi. 
 Paddle, v. t. duka. 
 Pail, n. alculi. 
 Pain, n. mmi. 
 Painful (to be), v. i. kanda. 
 Paint, n. digwele. 
 Paint, v. t. jalie. 
 Palaver, n. dipaki. 
 Palaver, wabi, nshdshd. 
 Pal in (of hand), n. lapdshi. 
 Palm-cabbage, n. as/id. 
 Palm-tree and fruit, n. dimbila 
 Palm- wine, n, matMcko, 
 Panting, n. dibuki. 
 Paper, n. ashangobi. 
 Parable, n. ngana. 
 Pardon, v. t. dieshe. 
 Parlor, n. mbanja. 
 Parrot, n. koshe. 
 Partition, n. apaka. 
 Partition (of house), n. diben 
 
 jika. 
 Pass, v. i. daka. 
 Pass, v. i. hula. 
 Patch, dibeta. 
 Patch, n. jena. 
 Path, n. njetha. 
 Paunch, n. awushi. 
 Paw, n. dibo. 
 Pawn, n. apuni. 
 Pay, n. dive. 
 Pea, n. ashange. 
 Peace, n. patha. 
 Peal, v. t. jopitha. 
 Peck, kieke. 
 Peck, v. t. shdta. 
 Peep, v. t. nalie. 
 Pen, n. ashatha. 
 Perched, a. bete. 
 Perhaps, ad. Jcamba. 
 
 Perplex, v. t. thaste. 
 Perseverance, n. mbanji. 
 Person, n. mutyi. 
 Perspiration, n. adiki. 
 Pestle, n. ndushiki. 
 Piazza, n. bikami. 
 Piazza, n. nshinhtha. 
 Pick, v. t. jutha. 
 Piece, n. apes hi. 
 Piece (of flesh or fish), n. abonh. 
 Pierce, v. t. luma. 
 Pigeon, n. dipepika. 
 Pigeon (green), n. lambeya. 
 Pile, v. t. shoshie. 
 Pillow, n. ashuubi. 
 Pin, n. ntombe. 
 Pinch, v. t. tyuta. 
 Pine-apple, n. nkubia. 
 . Pipe, n. nsho. 
 Pistol, n. aduka. 
 Plait, v. t.penda. , 
 Plane, n. lanjili. 
 Plant, v. t. bethe. 
 Plantain, n. akanda. 
 Plate, n. apele. 
 Play, v. t. joka-lokwe. 
 Pluck, v. t.pdkd. 
 Plunder, v. t. janja. 
 Point (of land), n. anguni. 
 Poison, n. akiembe. 
 Pole (for building), n. lambinh. 
 Post, n. ndombi. 
 
 Potatoe, n. 
 
 amonga. 
 
 Pounce, v. t. ngwanjiba. 
 Pound, n. digwera di didodo. 
 Pound, v. t. tyiba. 
 Pour, v. t. shoba. 
 Poverty, n. mbubi. 
 Praise, n. apuki. 
 Praise, v. t. paka. 
 Pray, int. shosho ! \ 
 Precipice, n. lakombi. 
 Prepare, v. t. koshe. 
 Press upon, v. t. nyeshiliB. 
 Press down, v. t. manda. 
 Press, v. t. batyie. 
 Prevent, v. t. pepa. 
 
112 
 
 Profit, n. hiba. 
 
 Promise, n. t/iali. 
 
 Promise, v. t. thalia. 
 
 Prophesy, v. t. sliaka, tembe. 
 
 Pull, v. t. limbie. 
 
 Pull, v. t. dambitha. 
 
 Pulverize, v. t. jiya. 
 
 Punish, v. t. leba. 
 
 Purge, v. i. kwanja. 
 
 Purge, v. t. kwanjitM. 
 
 Purpose, n. akieli. 
 
 Push, v. t. nyitha. 
 
 Push, v. t. tyinjitha. 
 
 Put, v. t. Jceshe. 
 
 Put together, v. t. lata. 
 
 q. 
 
 Quarrel, n. atombi. 
 Quarrel, v. i. torriba. 
 Quarter (of town), vijonji. 
 Quiver, v. i. mbuenha, ngioanh- 
 tha. 
 
 K. 
 
 Pain, n. mbutha. 
 
 Rain, v. i. nayci. 
 
 Raise up, v. t. belishe. 
 
 Paise up, v. t. benitha. 
 
 Pam, v. t. damilie. 
 
 Pam-rod, n. ns/iete. 
 
 Rapidity (of speaking), 3 lanja 
 
 sha. 
 Rapids, n. dishoki. 
 Rat, n. nkothi. 
 Ravine, n. divenji. 
 Razor, n. vikienli. 
 Read, v. t. lanh. 
 Recumbently, ad. bia. 
 Red, a. mbei. 
 Redeem, v. t. shun j a. 
 Red pepper, n. mintanganie. 
 Redwood, n. abeli. 
 Refuse, v. t. nyima. 
 Reject, v. t. kina. 
 Remember, v. t. lanhlie. 
 
 Remove, jipitha. 
 
 Remove, v. t. thotha. 
 
 Repair, v. t. ~kom~ba. 
 
 Repeat, v. i. balie. 
 
 Reprove, v. t. leba. 
 
 Resemble, v. t. tavilia. 
 
 Residence, n. adiya. 
 
 Respect, n.junh. 
 
 Respect, v. t. jungwe. 
 
 Respect, v. t. natha. 
 
 Rest, v. i.jdlia. 
 
 Return, v. i. bidia. 
 
 Return, v. t. bidishe. 
 
 Revenge, makemjilia. 
 
 Rice, n. mlesi. 
 
 Riches, n. ntambi. 
 
 Rich man, n. anami. 
 
 Ridge-pole, n. mbonh, bityua. 
 
 Rind, n. abotyi. 
 
 Ring, n. nkoma. 
 
 Ripen, v. i. beya. 
 
 Rise up, v. i. dibia. 
 
 Road, n. njetha. 
 
 Roar, v. i. tlionda. 
 
 Roast, v. t. bujpa. 
 
 Rob, v. t.janja. 
 
 Roll, v. t. vinhlie. 
 
 Roof, n. nyunhtha. 
 
 Room, n. alongwe. 
 
 Root, n. nlcanh. 
 
 Rope, n. nwuli. 
 
 Rot, v. i. batM. 
 
 Row, v. t. duJca. 
 
 Rub together, v. t. sliinldie. 
 
 Rudder, n. ajpepa. 
 
 Rum, n. mathdk. 
 
 Run, v. i.pimda. 
 
 Rust, n. nyanga. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sacred, a. aJcitha. 
 Salt, n. makiemba. 
 Salute, v. t. mbolie. 
 Sand, n. dishei. 
 Sap, n. T/iak&njiM. 
 Satiate, v. i.jula. 
 
113 
 
 Satiate, v. t.julishe. 
 Satiety, n. mbiinbi. 
 Savior, n. nshunh. 
 Savor, 11. ndio. 
 Saw, n. agwasJii. 
 Say, v. i.ja. 
 Say, v. t. kdtlid. 
 Scab, n. abashi. 
 Scar, n. apeli. 
 Scar, n. landoli. 
 Scatter, v. t. miasha. 
 Scissors, n. vikienh. 
 Scold, v. t. shembe. 
 Scorpion, n. ngiye. 
 Scour, v. t. she ye. 
 Scrape, v. t.jdmbd. 
 Scratch, v. t. nyala. 
 Scratch, n. dibibiki. 
 Scream, v. i. tata. 
 Sea, n. nsJio. 
 Sea-crab, n. digevxo. 
 Sea-sickness, n. diwdldngd. 
 Seam, n. nlatyiki. 
 Seat, adiya. 
 
 Seaward, ad. nsliokielhi. 
 See, v. t.jene. 
 Seed, n. lambashi. 
 Seek, v. t. toka. 
 Sein, n. aloha. 
 Sell, v. t. shomba. 
 Send, v. t. loma. 
 
 Send (by another), v. t. banjilie. Sister, n. kali. 
 
 Shave, v. t. Icienli. 
 
 Sheath, n. dibainbi. 
 
 Sheep, n. anddmdki. 
 
 Shin, n. konhwe. 
 
 Shine, v. t.panya. 
 
 Ship, n. biali-bi-ntanga. 
 
 Shiver, v. i. ngwamba. 
 
 Shoot, v. t. duma. 
 
 Shore, n. nshaka. 
 
 Short, a. wubie. 
 
 Shorten, v. t. wubishe. 
 
 Shoulder, n. abeke. 
 
 Shout, v. t.jamilia. 
 
 Shove, v. t. kdkd. 
 
 Show, v. t. lebile. 
 
 Shut, a. tyl. 
 
 Shut, v. t. diba. 
 
 Sick (to be), v. i. tata. 
 
 Sicken, v. t. tashe. 
 
 Sickness, n. vimi. 
 
 Side, n. tetyika. 
 
 Side (of house), n. ajnmbika. 
 
 Side (of a place), n. biatyi. 
 
 Side (of a person), n. lambanja. 
 
 Sigh, v. i. shiekwa. 
 
 Sight, n. njenia. 
 
 Silent, a. wo. 
 
 Sing, v. t.jatha. 
 
 Singe, v. t.janhtha. 
 
 Sink, v. i. nwanh. 
 
 Sink, v. t. nina. 
 
 Sending, n. lomili. 
 Sense, n. akombi. 
 Senselessness, n. awombi. 
 Set down, v. t. telle. 
 Sew, v. t. lata. 
 Sew, v. t. tyuma. 
 Shadow, n. nshinhsMnh. 
 Shake, v. t. knbilie. 
 Shake, v. t. poshe. 
 Shame, shani. 
 Shark, n. nkanje. 
 Sharp, a. nwoli. 
 Sharp (to be), v. i. 
 
 Sit up, v. i. mayd. 
 Size, n. dibimba. 
 Skill, n. dikienge. 
 Skim, v. t. thdbd. 
 Skin, n. akonda. 
 Skin, v. t. sholitha. 
 Skulk, v. i. denh. 
 Slack (to be), v. i. tengwa. 
 Slacken, v. t. tenhthe. 
 Slander, v. tjinda. 
 Slave, n. nshaka. 
 Sleep, n. vithd. 
 Sleep, v. i. thatha. 
 
 Sharpen (sticks, &c), v. t. sha- Sleepless (to be), v. i. binhisha. 
 lie. Slide, v. i. shenja. 
 
114 
 
 Slip, v. i. she?ija. 
 
 Small, a. shall. 
 
 Smarting (of pain), n. ashi- 
 
 shoi. 
 Smear, v. t.jdfhd. 
 Smell, v. t. numbilie. 
 Smile, v. i. miemitha. 
 Smoke, n. vialie. 
 Snake, n. nyonh. 
 Snare, n. mlambt. 
 Snatch, v. t. thambitha. 
 Sneeze, v. i. tyimilie. 
 Snore, v. i. nganlie. 
 Snot, Ti.juba. 
 Snuff, v. t. wembilie. 
 Snuff-box, n. adoshi. 
 So, ad. nani. 
 Soak, v. t. duba. 
 Soap, n. ntyabi. 
 Sob, v. i. shiekwa. 
 Soft, a. teki. 
 Soften, v. t. teshe. 
 Sole, n. lapdshi. 
 Sole-fish, n. moka. 
 Song, n. ja. 
 Soot, n. lambithi. 
 Sore, n. pienh. 
 Sorrow, n. ngd?ih, ngatd. 
 Sort, n. ntyinh. 
 Soul, n. nshinhshinh. 
 Soup, n. miembe. 
 Sour, v. i. kaka. 
 Sourness, n. dingbami. 
 Sow, v. t. miasha. 
 Spark, n. dikatha. 
 Speak, lebila. 
 Speak, v. t. tyuba. 
 Spear, v. dikdnh. 
 Speckle, n. ditdnd. 
 Spider, n. dilobi. 
 Spirit, n. avashina. 
 Spittle, n. dithdnji. 
 Split, n. nwanji. 
 Split, shana. 
 Split, v. t. wanda. 
 Spoil, v. t. woshe. 
 Spoon, n. dinzydmbi. 
 
 Sprain, n. bikuka. 
 
 Spread, v. tjanie. 
 
 Spring, n. didianh. 
 
 Sprinkle, v. t. miashilie. 
 
 Sprout, n. niyildmbia. 
 
 Sprout, v. i. pasha. 
 
 Spur, n. mbela. 
 
 Squat, a. shota. 
 
 Squat, v. i. shotyiba. 
 
 Squeeze, v. t. pinya. 
 
 Squirrel, n. vivai. 
 
 Stag, n. mbuli. 
 
 Stagger, v. i. leshilie. 
 
 Stagger, v. i. ndernbilia. 
 
 Stammering, n. aJcubethe. 
 
 Stand, v. i. tebe. 
 
 Star, n. vieteli. 
 
 Statue, n. alemba. 
 
 Steal, v. t.jiba. 
 
 Steamboat, n. biali-bwailie. 
 
 Steel-j ard, n. didodo. 
 
 Step, v. t. nyaia. 
 
 Stick, n. jeli. 
 
 Stick, n. akaki. 
 
 Stick, v. t. nata. 
 
 Stick, v. t. lama. 
 
 Still, a. wo. 
 
 Sting, n. loba. 
 
 Sting, v. t. loba. 
 
 Stinginess (of food), n. binyunh. 
 
 Stinginess (of money), n. vik- 
 
 aka. 
 Stingy, a. nyunh. 
 Stir, v. t. buya. 
 Stolen wife, n. avanja. 
 Stomach, n. awushi. 
 Stone, n. dikdhi. 
 Stopper, n. aduiki. 
 Straighten, v. t. nimbitha. 
 Straighten (up), v. i. benia. 
 Straighten, v. t. nyenitha. 
 Stranger, n. ntMnh. 
 Strap, n. atyuna. 
 Street, n. nshenh. 
 Strength, n. nguli. 
 Strike, v. t. bitha. 
 String, n. nshia. 
 
115 
 
 Stump, n. akumi. 
 Suck, v. t. nyanh, pi&pa. 
 Suckle, v. t. nyanhshe. 
 Suffice, v. t. koka. 
 Sugar-cane, Sugar, n. nkokwe. 
 Suit, v. t. nyebilie. 
 Summit, n. diabi. 
 Sun, n. dioba. 
 Sunday, n. shdna. 
 Sunshine, n. viosha. 
 Surprise, v. t. shovitha. 
 Surround, y. lete. 
 Suspend, v. t.panie. 
 Swallow, v. t. mina. 
 Swarm (of bees), n. didutha. 
 Sweep, v. t. vende. 
 Sweetness, n. ndio. 
 Swelling, n. miebe. 
 Swiftness, n. vile. 
 Swim, v. i. jcika. 
 Swindle, v. t. diongilie. 
 Swing, v. i. womba. 
 Swing, y. t. ivombishe. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tail, n. nkonji. 
 
 Take, v. t. nanh. 
 
 Take (off or out), v. t. jarnitha 
 
 Tale, n. ntliaka. 
 
 Talk, n. milanli. 
 
 Taste, v. t. hicka. 
 
 Teach, v. t. jelie. 
 
 Teacher, n. wjeli. 
 
 Tear, v. t. nyaba. 
 
 Teat, n. dibethe, dinya. 
 
 Tendon, n. nshisha. 
 
 Thanks, n. dibatd. 
 
 Then, conj. &«, kctna. 
 
 There, ad. vanava. 
 
 Therefore, conj. kana. 
 
 Thick (of cloth), a. jushi. 
 
 Thief, n. njibi. 
 
 Thigh, n. mbethe. 
 
 Thin, a. thantyith&ntyi. 
 
 Thing, n. alombi, mtitd. 
 
 Think, v. t. lanlia. 
 
 Think about, v. t. shimisha. 
 Third, a. lalie. 
 Thirst, n. aveshithe. 
 Thorn, n. dishombika. 
 Thought, n. nlanhlia. 
 Throat, n. ang&nlig&nM. 
 Throw, v. t. wuslia. 
 Throw away, v. t. kuta. 
 Thumb, n. vina-vishangwZ. 
 Thunder, n. ngali. 
 Thunder, v. i. shala. 
 Thwart, v. t. lambenja. 
 Tide, n. ani. 
 
 Tie (a package), v. t. dipa. 
 Tie, v. t. tyinhlie. 
 Tiger, n. nje. 
 Tight, ad. vie. 
 Tighten, v. t. MtJid. 
 Time, n. adukwa. 
 Time, n. shoka. 
 Tinder, n. makanda. 
 Tin vessel, n. angvjengwe. 
 Tire, v. i. d&M. 
 To, prep.^e. 
 Tobacco, n. talakwe. 
 To-day, ad. bo. 
 Toe, n. vina. 
 Together, ad. mbonh. 
 . Tomato, n. lanzy&nh. 
 To-morrow, ad. nahwali. 
 Too, ad. njiki. 
 Tooth, n. dishoa. 
 Torch, n. atyie. 
 Tornado, n. vikos7ia. 
 Towel, n. atoli. 
 Town, n. akoldi. 
 Trade, n. dishombi. 
 Trash, n. as ha. 
 Tread, v. t. nyata. 
 Treat, v. t. sha. 
 Tree, n.jeli. 
 Tribe, n. divala. 
 Trouble, n. tyuni. 
 Trouble, 7ijuki. 
 Trouble, v. t. tyunitha. 
 Truly, ad. mbombo. 
 Trumpet, n. atyika. 
 
116 
 
 Trust, v. t. bunlie. 
 
 Trust, v. t. shenda. 
 
 Try, v. t. jelia. 
 
 Try, v. t. velie. 
 
 Tub, n. akuli. 
 
 Tuft, n. dimbunja. 
 
 Turn, v. i. vitya. 
 
 Turn, v. t. mtyitlia. 
 
 Turn (upside down), v. t. butyie. 
 
 Twins, n. mapa, mashulainga. 
 
 Twist, v. t. waslxa. 
 
 U. 
 
 Umbrella, n. awombo, wombo. 
 Undermine, v. t. sliatlid. 
 Unsuitable (to be), v. i. bebilia, 
 Untie, v. t. tyinhtha. 
 Uproar, n. atothi. 
 
 y. 
 
 Y alley, n. landebe, mjpiali. 
 yein, n. nshisha. 
 yenom, n. akiembe. 
 yex, v. t. nyanyishe. 
 yoice, n. dioi. 
 yomit, v. t. thoya. 
 yomiting, n. bitholie. 
 
 W. 
 
 Wadding, n. dishusha. 
 
 Wade, v. i. tdpd. 
 
 Wages, n. dive. 
 
 Wait, v. t. venhlie. 
 
 Walk about, v. i. tlienlitha. 
 
 Walk (to and fro), v. t. kdmbd. 
 
 Walki ng-stick, n.nkityi, nshum- 
 
 biki. 
 Want, n. ditolca. 
 Want, n. nakwa, ntolcwa. 
 Want, v. t. naka. 
 War, n. dibali. 
 Warm (one's self), v. t. jtila. 
 Wash, v. t. jebitha. 
 Waste, v. t. vanjitha. 
 
 Watch, n. nktila. 
 Water, n. madiba. 
 Water-spout, n. ngole. 
 Wave, n. nkeba. 
 Weak, a. tejci. 
 Weal, n. mbinhmbinh. 
 Wear, v. t. bdtd. 
 Weariness, n. bityunh. 
 Weary (to be), v. i. shdM, 
 
 tJiembia. 
 Weary, v. t. daslie. 
 Weed, v. t. sliaka. 
 Weigh, v. tpesha. 
 Well, Sid.pdthd. 
 Well (to become), v. i. Mka. 
 Wen, n. dhoombi. 
 Wet, v. t. batiste. 
 Wet-season, n. niyuba. 
 What ? pro. ndi ? 
 Yfhen? ad. miaf 
 Where ? ad. vani f m ? 
 Whet, v. t. jeba. 
 Whet-stone, n. dikd-diebi. 
 Whip, n. mbisha. 
 Whip, v. t. ngama. 
 Whirl-pool, n. ngole. 
 Whirlwind, n. ngole. 
 Whistling, n. vidli. 
 White, a.jpiimi. 
 White-ant, n. lashietlia. 
 White-man, n. ntanga. 
 Whiten, v. t. pumishe. 
 Whole, ad. ntutlie. 
 Wholly, ad. Mo. 
 Widow, n. nkusha. 
 Wild-goat, n. ashibi. 
 Wild-goat, n. nibinji. 
 Will, n. ladinli. 
 Wind, n. mpunga. 
 Wing, n. apejoa. 
 Wipe, v. t. pimbitlia. 
 Wish, v. t. vanJi. 
 Witch-poison, n. aldki. 
 With, conj. & prep. na. 
 Wives of one man, n. avala. 
 Woman, n. miali. 
 Womb, n. mai. 
 
 
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