^l ^s LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. ShelfJa-bT.. UNITED STATES OF AMERIOA. THE SCHOOL BULLETIN PUBLICATIONS. Adams. New Wall Map of the State of New York, 68x74 inches, cloth 10 00 Agsilite Slating for Black-boards. To cover 50 feet, one coat, POST-PAID. 1 00 Aids to School Discipline, containing 80 Certificates, 120 Checks, 200 Cards, 100 Merits. Per box 1 25 Supplied separately; per 100 Merits. 15 cts; Half Merits, 15 cts; Cards, 15cts; Checks, 40; Certificates, 50 cts. Ail" Test Bottles, for determining mechanically the amount of Carbonic Acid in the atmosphere of a room. Per set of 3, in cloth case i 00 Alden (Joseph) First Principles of Political Economy. Cloth, 16mo, pp. 153. 75 Bales (C. R.) The Diacritical Speller. A practical course of exercise in Spelling and Pronunciation. 8vo, pp. 68 50 Bardeen (C. W) Common School Law. A digest of statute and common law as to the relation of the Teacher to the Pupil, the Parent, and the District. With 500 references to legal decisions in 28 different States. 14th Edition wholly re-writteu, with references to the Code of 1888. Cloth. 16mo, pp. 120 75 -. — Roderick Hume. The story of a New York Teacher. Cloth, 16mo, pp. 295. 1 20 'Verbal Pitfalls. A manual of 1500 misused words. Cloth, 16mo, pp. 295. . . 75 Some Facts about our Public Schools. 8vo. pp. 32 25 'Educational Journalism. 8vo, pp. 30 25 'Teaching as a Business for Men. 8vo, pp 20 25 4rhe Teacher'' s Commercial Value. 8vo, pp . 20 25 Dime Question Book on Temperance. Itimo. pp. 40 10 'A Brhf Geography of Onondaga County. 16mo. pp. 48, with Map 25 pU(itu.-<, in Uo\ 4 ()0 DeGran* (K. V.) rractwal Phonics. Cloth, 12ino, pp. 108 75 Porlitl Pronnnciotion llmk. Manilla, lt5ino.pp.47 15 The School-Liooni (iniile. Thirhcnth Kdilion. Cloth, l2mo, pp. 449.... 1 r.O Drvrlflftnunt Ltssiois. Cloth. 8vo.. pp. :<01 1 50 The. .s'<»/i(/ liudyit. Paper, small 4to, pp. 7fi. Vluth thoiusmid 15 The Srhonl-Iioiiin ('honu<. A collection of 'J(Ki Son;^s, suital)le for Public and Private Schools. Poards. small tto. pp. 147 85 ('nlisfhniics and IHscifiUnary Errrciscs. Manilla, lOmo, pp. 39 '25 Dickinson (.1. W.) lAmds nf Oral Teaching. Paper. 8vo, pp.8 15 Diplomas, printed to order rr»)m any ilesign furnished. Si)eciniens sent. (ri) Boiui paper, 14x17, for 25 5 00 " .'0 G50 (/») ** " 16\'20, " 25 5 .'jO " 50 7 50 (c) Parchment. 15x20 " 5 6 00 Kach additional copy 75 Kers, cac/i 30 Kuu>rson (H. W) Latin in High Schools. Paper, 8vo, pp. 9 25 Farnhauk ((Jeo. L.) The Sentence Method of teachinji KeadiiiK, Writing, and Spcllinj;. A Manual for Teachers. Cloth, 12m(), pp. 50 50 Fitch (.loshnaCJ.) The Art of QneslUyning. Paper, 12mo, pp. 36 ■ 15 The Art of Stcuring Attention. Paper, Irtmo, pp. 43. Second Edition.. 15 Lfcture-H mi Tra'hing, Reading CW> Edition. Cloth, 12mo, pp. 436, net. 1 00 Gill (.lolin.) 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First -Year Arithmetic, 1e-AC,\\QT'i<' Manual and l-'irst-Year Text-Pook for pui»ils in the first grade, llrst year, »»f pul>lic schools. Hased upon Pestulozzi's method of teaching elementary number, lioards. l6mo, pj). 217 50 Pufiils" 'Edition. Hoards, 16mo, pp. 156 35 Hornstone Slating, the best crayon surface made. Per gallon 10 00 Huj^hes (.Fames L.) MiHtakey< in Teaching. Cloth, Ifimo, pp. 135 50 Hnirtn Secure anr, Ifimo, pp. 15. .. 15 Hutton (II 11.) .1 ^f a nual of Mensuration. Hoards. 12nio. pj). 16H 50 .lackson ( i:. P.) CI a.' SYRACUSE, N. Y. : C. VV. BARDEEN, PUBLISHER, 1888. Copyright, 1888, by C. W. Bardeen. t- 'rs THE SCHOOL BULLETIN PUBLICATIONS. Helps in Teaching History. • 1. A Thousand Questions in American History. IGmo, cloth, pp. 247. Price $1.00. This work has been prepared by an eminent teacher for use in his own school— one of the largest in the Ctatc. It shov/s rare breadth of view and discrimination, dealing not merely with events but with causes, and with the side-issues that have so much to do v/ith determining the destiny of a nation. f. Helps in Fixing the Facts of A7ne?-ican Histonj. By Henrt C. Nor- THAM. IGmo, cloth, pp. 298. Price ^4.00. Here all facts are presented in groups. The L — exington. key-word to the Revolution, for instance, is I— ndependence. LIBERTY, as shown in the accompanying table B— urgosoie's Surrender, of Key-Words ; and in like manner the events of E— vacuation. the late civil war are kept chronologically dis- R— etribution. tinct by the key-words SLAVES FREED. Chart T— reason. No. 1 indicates by stars the years in each decade Y— orktown. from 1492 to 1789, in which the most remarkable events occured, while the colored chart No. 2 arranges the events in twelve groups. 3. Topics and Beferences in American History, with numerous Search Questions. By Geo. A. Williams. 16mo, leatherette, pp. 50. .50 cts. This is a book of immediate practical value to every teacher. The refer- ences are largely to the lighter and more interesting illustrations of history, of a kind to arouse the thought of pupils by giving vivid conceptions of the events narrated. By dividing these references among the members of a class, the history recitation may be made the most delightful of the day. h. Dime (Question Books, No. 5, General History, and No. 6, United States History and Civil Government. By Albert P. Southavick. 16mo, paper, pp. 37, 32. 10 cts. each. 5. Outline and Questions in United States History. By C. B. Van Wie. ]6mo, paper, pp. 40, and folding Map. 15 cts. The outgrowth of four years' practical work in the school-room with map prepared by a pupil as a suggestive model. 6. Tablet of American History, with Map of the United States on the back. By Rurus Blanchard. Heavy paper, mounted on rollers, 3J^ by 5 feet. Price, express paid, $3.00. The demand for a colored chart to Jiang upon the wall and thus catch the often-lifted eye of the pupil, has led to the preparation of this chart by an experienced author. The events of the four centuries are grouped in parallel belts of different colors, and upon the corners and sides are names of the States and Territories, with their etymology, etc., history of political parties, portraits of all the Presidents, Coats of Anns of all the States, etc. The map is engraved expressly for this chart by Rand & I^IcNally, is colored both by States and by counties, and gives all the latest railroads, tho new ar- rangement of time-lines, showing where the hour changes, etc, C. W, BARDEEN, Publisher, Syracuse, N. Y. ^ iFXEEIF^f^OE. This little volume was originally compiled for use in my own class room, where it has proved so helpful that I now offer it to others with the hope that it may aid them in the study of our country's history. The work is arranged for the use of advanced classes. It is not in itself a sufficient source of infor- mation, but as I think all agree that history is best and most systematically taught by topics, it is intended to be placed in the hands of pupils, requiring them to fill out the story from the study of some of the many excellent histories now in use. Some facts, perhaps, have been inserted which may not be considered of sufficient importance to be learned ; but that I leave to the judgment of the in- dividual teacher, thinking it easier in a work of this kind to abridge than to enlarge the subject matter in the class room. A. M. J. Whitkhall, N. Y., June, 1888. ERRATA. Page 61, Zachary Taylor, for 1748 read 118^. Page G6, for Homes, read Holmes. Page 68, for 1864 read 18U. BRIEF VIEWS OF UNITED STATES HISTORY, FOR THE USE OF HIGH SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. Ilistonj is a record of what man lias done. United States Ilistonj naturally divides itself into seven epochs. First Epoch : al)original period. From the first knowledge of the country to ltt02 — the discovery of America l)y ('olumbus. Second Epoch : discoveries. From 1492, the dis- covery of America, to 1G07, the settlement of James- town, Va. Third EpocJi: settlement and development of colo- nies. From 1607, the settlement of Jamestown, Va., to 1775, the beginning of the Revolutionary War. Fourth Epoch: Revolutionary War. From 1775, the beginning of the Revolutionary War, to 1787, the adoption of the Constitution. 6 THE SEVEN EPOCHS. Fifth Epoch : development of States. From 1Y87, the adoption of the Constitution, to 1861, the begin- ning of the Civil War. Sixth Epoch : Civil War. From 1861, the begin- ning of the Civil War, to 1865, the close of the Civil War. Seventh Epoch: recent events. From 1865, the close of the Civil War, to the present time. I^II^ST EIE^OCXi ABORIGINAL PERIOD. Morxn Builders. Origin : unknown — first inliabitants of the United States, American Indians liad no traditions concerning them. Habitation : mostly in tlie Mississippi and Ohio valleys. Proof of Existence : found in the mounds and other earth works. Fate : unknown — probably emigrated to Central America. THE AMERICAN INDIANS. Origin : unknown — probably crossed Behring Strait or were driven l)y sea upon our coasts. Charade ristics : brave and ingenious, treacherous and cunning in war; lazy and improvident, hospita- iible and grateful at home ; strong in endurance ; grave and haughty in manner. Government: chief — absolute power in some tribes, limited in others. Mode of Living : a nomadic people ; chief employ- ment, hunting and fishing ; religion — a Great Spirit, and the Hereafter a Happy Hunting Ground ; money FIEST EPOCH : ABORIGINAL. — wampum ; language — mostly harsh and guttural, long words and complex grammatical forms. Niiinber : about 200,000 east of the Mississippiy- time of Columbus. Divisions ; five important ones. Principal Indian Tribes. '' Abenakis, Wamjjanoags^ Narragansetts^ Pequods, Delavmres, JSlanticoTces, Powhatan Confederacy^ Shawnees, Illinois, Kickapoos, Potawatomies, Miamis, Ottawas, Menomonees, Baxes and Foxes ^ Chippewas. Huron^ Eries^ \ Senecas, Andastes, I Cayugas, ^ Iroquois, -\ OnondagaSy j Oneidas, L Mohawks. Algonquin^ From Hudson's Bay south- east beyond the Ches-- apeake and south-west to the Mississippi. Wyandot^ Around Lakes Erie and Ontario. INDIAN ri:iin:s. 9 [ ChoL'taws, I Chickasiiws, Mith'dicni, i Creel's or Muscopjees, Soiitliorn part of United -] Appalachees, States. Yemassees, Corees. Seminoles. rZ/^'/'^^v^,— sontliern valley of Allegany chain. Dakotah or Siou.r, — west of Missisippi river. The Norsemen. Discoveries and Settlements. Biorne Herjiilfson — saw cliffs of Labrador but did not land, 9S<;. Leif Erickson — explored coast from Massachusetts Bay to Rhode Island, 1001. Thorwald and Thorstein — made settlements. Snorri — first child of Europeans born in America. Visits made from Norway and Iceland in 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries. A plague depopulated Greenland and American Settlements in 1350, and all coinmunication with the latter country ceased. Result : ^ Old Tower at Newport, R. I. traces remain in the - Singular Inscription on a ( rock at Dighton, Mass. No direct effect ui)on the subsecpient history of America. SEOOlSriD Er^oon. Discoveries and Explorations. r Columbus— The New World— 1492. Island San Salvador. Ponce de Leon — Florida — 1512. Balboa — Pacific Ocean — 1513. Cortez — Mexico — 1521. Magellan — Straits of Magellan. Spanish. "^ First circumnavigation, 1520-22. De Allyon — Carolinas — 1520. De Narvaez— Florida— 1528. De Soto — Mississippi — 1541. Cabrillo — Pacific coast — 1542. Malendez— St. Augustine — 1565. [^ Espejo— Sante Fe— 1582. ( Henry Hudson — Hudson River and Bay- Dutch. } 1609. ( Admiral Block — Connecticut Eiver — 1614. (10) DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIONS. 11 Vorrazaiii — Newfoundhind to Carolina — 1524. Cartier — Gulf and R. St. Lawrence — 1535. Rihout— Port Eojal, S. C.,— 1562. Laudonniore — St. Johns R., Fla., — 1504. Frencli. -J Do Monts— Port Royal, N. C. — 1605. Ciiani plain — Quebec — 1608. Lake Chaniplain— 1609. Fatlier Marquette — upper Mississippi River —1673. La Salle — lower Mississippi — 1682. Cabots — Labrador to Albemarle Sound — 1497. Frobisher — Strai t— 1 576. Drake — Pacific Ocean, Second circumnavigation — 1579. English. ^ Gilbert— voyage to New World— 1583. Raleigh — attempt to found a colony — ' 1584-85. Gosnold— Cape Cod— 1602. Pring — Maine to Martha's Vineyard — 1603. CLAIMS OF THE FOUR NATIONS. Spanish. Mexico, New Mexico, Florida, and the West Indies. 12 second epoch : disco vekies. French. Acadia, Canada, and New France (Mississippi valley). English. Atlantic coast, westw^ard indefinitely. Dutch. 'New Netherlands (Atlantic coast from Connecticut River to Delaware.) First Permanent Settlements. St. Augustine — Spaniards — 1565. Port Royal, N. S.- -Frencli— 1605. Jamestown — English — 1607. New York— Dutch— 1614. SETTLEMENTS. VIRGINIA. Jamestown, 1607. Settlement: hy London Co. (Englisli). Object : financial profit. Characteristics : poor nublenicn unused to labor. Government: Charter First, Second, Third ; pro- prietary ; royal province. Leading Persons : John Smith, Barthoh^new Gos- nold, Christopher Newport, Lord Delaware, Bacon, Powhatan, Pocahontas. Important Events : earl\' trouble ; "starvini;- time"; marriage of Pocahontas; slavery introduced, 1619; planter's wives imported ; first colonial assembly; In- dian troubles ; Xavi<^ation Acts; Bacon's Rebellion; the collei^e of William and Mary founded, 1093. (13) 14 THIRD EPOCH : SETTLEMENTS. NEW YORK. Fort on Manhattan Island, 1614. New Amsterdam, ] -. ^^o Fort Orange, j Settlement: by Dutch West Indian Company (Dutch). Object : to trade with the Indians and colonize the country. Characteristics : mostly Walloons or French Prot- estants — honest and thrifty. Goveminent: Dutch, Commercial Association ; Eng- lish, proprietary, royal province. Leading Persons : Cornelius May, Peter Yan Twil- ler, Wilhelm Kieft, Peter Stuyvesant, Peter Minuits, Gov. Sloughter, Gov. Andros, Capt. Leisler, Sir Will- iam Kidd. Important Events : Conquest of New Sweden; set- tlement of boundaries ; Indian troubles ; conquest by English, 1664 ; colony regained by Dutch ; regained by English, 1673 ; Negro Plot, 1741 ; Kings College (now Columbia) founded 1754. THE THniTP:KN STATES. 15- MASSACHUSETTS. Plymouth Colony. Plymouth, 1()2(>. Settlement : by Pilgrims (English Piiritiinsj. Object : religious freedom. Characteristics : English yeomen used to labor ; sober and industrious. Government: voluntary association till 1()!»2 ; then united with Massachusetts Bay Colony, charter. Leading Persons : John Carver, William Bradford, Miles Standish, William Brewster, Massasoit. Important Events : early sufferings ; treaty with Indians ; slow growth of colony ; union with Massa- chusetts Bay Colony. Subsequent events related under that heading. Massachusetts Bay Colony. Salem, 1628. Settlement : b}^ Plymouth Co. (English). Ohject : a refuge for Puritans. Characteristics: English Puritans, sober and in- dustrious. Government : charter, royal province, charter. Leading Names : John Endicott, Gov. Winthrop, Roger Williams, Mrs. Anne Hutchinson, King Philip. Important Events : religious trouble ; persecution of Quakers ; Indian troubles ; Harvard College founded IG^*;; Union of Colonies 1043; King Philip's War ; Salem witchcraft. 16 THIRD EPOCH I SETTLEMENTS. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Portsmouth, 1623. Settlement: by Sir Ferdinand Gorges and Capt. John Mason (English). Ohject : to develop the fisheries. Characteristics : English fishermen. Oovernment : proprietary, royal province. Leading Persons : Sir Ferdinand Gorges, Captain John Mason. Important Events : separation of the colony ; un- ion with Massachusetts ; final separation. CONNECTICUT. Windsor, 163^. Settlement : Lord Say-and-Seal and Lord Brooke (English). Ohject : to colonize the country and for religious freedom. Characteristics : mostly English Puritans. Government: Charter. Three colonies: New Haven, Connecticut, Saybrook. Leading Persons : Lord Say-and-Seal, Lord Brooks, Thomas Hooker, William Wadsworth, Governor An- dres. Lm])ortant Events : Pequod War ; union of the colonies ; trouble with the Governor ; Yale College founded 1701. Tin: riiiK'n:i«:N statks. 17 MARYLAND. St. ^Iary's, KI.'U. Settlemeiii : Lord iKiIrimoi'c (Eiiglisli). Ohject : rcfui^e fcr Kni^Hish RoiiKin ('atliolics. Characteristics : Eiii^lisli UoiiKin Cutliolies. Ooverniiient : pi-oprietiiry, i-oyal province, ])ropri- etary. LS. Candidiites:^ f Ke})ul)licuii, James Miidison, Georii^e I Clinton. Federal, Charles Pinckney, Riifus Kinir. Question at Issue : war with England, Result : Republicans victorious. Madison's Administration. 1809-1817. President : James Madison, of Virginia. Vice-President : 1st term, George Clinton, of Xew Yoik ; 2d term, Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts. Time : two terms. Administration : war. Politics : Republican (Dem.) Important Events : engagement between the Pres- ident and the Little Belt ; war with the Indians of the north-west under Tecumseh ; the War of 1812 ; Hartford Convention 1814; war with Algiers ; Louis- iana admitted as a State 1812, Indiana 1816. 36 fifth epoch i development. Presidential Campaign of 1816. fKepublican, James Monroe, Daniel I D. Tompkins. Candidates: -{ Federal, Rufus King, John E. How- [ ard. Question at Issue : none distinctly advocated. Result : Republicans successful. The downfall of the Federal party 1816, caused by adoption of Alien and Sedition Laws, opposition to the war of 1812, and the Hartford Convention. War of 1812. . The impressment of American seamen (about 6000 Americans impressed into the British navy). England insulted the flag and harassed the com- merce of the United States. England sent emissaries among the Indians to incite them against the Americans. President Madison issued a proclamation of war June 19, 1812. PRINCIPAL NAVAL ENGAGEMENTS. Date. Pl.\ce. Vessels. Amcr. Frii^^ate j Command's. Victories. 1812 Hull. An-. 19 OIT coast Ma.ssachusetts Constitution. British Frigate Gucrriere. Dacres. American. Oct. 15 North Carolina Anur. Sloop Wasp. Brit. Bri- Frolic. Jones. Whinyatcs. American. Oct. 25 OlY coast Canary Islanils. Anier. Frigate United States. Brit. Frigate ^Macedonian. Decatur. Garden. American. Dec. 2U OlVcoa^t Hra/il. Anicr. Frigate Constitution. Brit. Frigate Bainbridge. Lambert. American. Java. 1813 Feb. 24 ( )1T coast Guiana. Amer. Sloop Hornet. Brit. Brig Peacock. Lawrence. Peake. American. 1 June 1 Massachusetts Bay. Amer. Frigate Con.stitution. Brit. Frigate Shannon. Lawrence. Broke. English. Sept. 5' Off coast Maine. Amer. Brig Enterpri.se. Brit. Brig \ Boxer. Amcr. 9 ves- Burrows. Blythe. Perry. American. Sept. 10 Lake Erie. sels, 54 guns. Brit. 6 ves- sels, 63 guns. 1 Barclay. American, 1814 1 Sept. 1 1 Lake Clianjplain. Amer. 14 ves- sels, 8G guns. Brit. 17 ves- sels, 95 guns. McDonough, Downie. American. (37) PRINCIPAL LAND BATTLES, WAR OF 1812. Date. Amer. Sue. Brit. Sue. Commanders. American. British. 1812 Aug. 16 Detroit. Hull. j Brock. ( Tecumseb, Oct. 13 Queenstown. Van Rens- saelaer. Brock (killed.) 1813 Oct, 13 Thames. Harrison. Proctor, 1814 July 25 Lundy's Lane. Brown, Drummond. Aug. 24 Washington burned. Ross, Sept. 11 Plattsburg. Macomb. Prevost. Sept. 3 Ft.Wm. Henry (bombarded). Amistead. Brooke, 1815 Jan. 8 New Orleans. Jackson. Pakenham. Kesults: Treaty signed at Ghent, Belgium Dec. 24, 1814. The two great points of dispute, the encroachment upon American commerce and the impressment of American seamen were not mentioned. Both how- ever ceased at the close of the war. The United States was rendered more self-reliant ; her prestige among other nations was increased ; the superiority of her navy established. (38) MONROE. d9 Monroe's Administratk^n. 1817-1825. Premdent : James Monroe, of A^irginia. Vice-President: Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York. Time : two terms. Politics : Republican. (Dem.) Administration : singularly peaceful and successful. Important Events : purchase of Florida ; admission of five new States, Mississippi 1817, Illinois 1818, Alabama 1819, Maine 1820, Missouri 1821; Missouri Compromise 1820; Monroe Doctrine 1823; visit of La Fayette 1824. 40 FIFTH epoch: development. Presidential Campaign of 1824. r f Andrew Jackson, Henry Candidates j P^-^-^^H Clay, John Quincy Adams, j 1^ William H. Crawford. [ Yice-President, John C. Calhoun. Question at Issue: none distinctly advocated. Eesult: John Quincy Adams victorious. John Quincy Adams's Administration. 1825-1829. President: John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts. Yiee-President : John C. Callioun, of South Caro- lina. Time : one term. Politics : Adams, Whig, elected by House of Eepre- sentatives : Calhoun, Democrat. Administration : unpopular. Lnportant Events : corner stone of Bunker Hill monument laid 1825 ; Erie canal opened 1825 ; death of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, July 4, 1826 ; first railway in the United States 1826 ; Protective Tariff Law 1828. ADAMS AND .lACKSON. 41 Presidential Candidates df 1828. f Democratic, Andrew Jackson. John I C. Calhoun. Candidates: National Eepublican, John Quincy Adams, Richard Rush. Questions at Issue : the tarilT, a national bank, money appropriations for internal improvement. Result: Democrats victorious. Andrew Jackson's Administration. 1829-1837. President : Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee. Vice-President : 1st term, John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina ; 2nd term, Martin Van Buren, of New York. Time : two terms. Politics : Democratic. Administration : successful and characterized by the bold energy of the President. Important Events : changes made in the civil ser- vice ; veto of bill renewing charter of United States Bank; Xullitication Act 1832; Compromise bill; Black Hawk War; Seminole War begun 1835; Arkansas admitted 183C, Michigan, 1837 ; death of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, last surviving signer of Declar- ation of Independence ; Postmaster-General made a Cabinet officer. 42 fifth epoch i development. Presidential Campaign of 1836. Candidates: -{ Democratic, Martin Yan Buren, Eich- ard M. Johnson. Whig, William H. Harrison, Francis [^ Granger. Questions at Issue : national bank, protective tariff. Result: Democrats victorious. Yan Buren's Administration. 1837-1841. President : Martin Yan Buren, of New York. Vice-President : Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky. Time: one term. Politics : Democratic. Johnson elected by Senate. Administration : unsuccessful. Important Events : financial panic of 1837 ; Sem- inole War ; rebellion in Canada ; telegraph patented ; sub-treasury bill passed 1840; Free-Soil party organized. VAN BUREN, HAKRISON AND TYLEK. 43 Presidenpiai- Cami'aion of 1840. r Democratic^ Martin Van lluren, Ricli- i arc! M. Johnson. Candidates: ^^ Wliicr, William 11. Harrison, John L Tyler. Questions at Issue: national bank, protective tariff. Result: Whigs victorious. Harrison and Tyler's Administra-hon. 1841-1845. President, William II. Harrison, of Ohio. Yice-Preside7it : John Tyler, of Virginia. Time : Harrison, one month ; Tyler, remainder of the term. Politics: Harrison, Whig ; Tyler, Democrat. Administration : political excitement. Important Events : Ashburton treaty 1842 ; anti- rent ditiiculties in New York ; trouble with the Mor- mons; annexation of Texas 1845; first message by telegraph 1844 ; Florida admitted 1845. m fifth epoch : development. Presidential Campaign of 1848. f Democraftic, James K. Polk, George I M. Dallas. Candidates: ^ Whig, Henry Clay, Theodore Fre- 1^ linghuysen. Question at Issue: annexation of Texas. Result: Democrats victorious. James K. Polk's Administration. 1845-1849. « President : James K. Polk, of Tennessee. Vice-President : George M. Dallas, of Pennsyl- vania. Titne : one term. Politics : Democratic. Administration : political excitement and war. Important Events : settlement of the north western boundry 1846 ; war with Mexico ; discovery of gold in California ; Wisconsin admitted in 1848, Iowa in 1846 ; Wilmot Proviso 1846 ; Howe sewing machine patented 1846 ; Department of Interior created 1849. POLK AND THE MEXICAN WAR. 46 Presidential Campaign of 1848. f Democratic, Lewis Cass, William O. I Butler. ! Wlii- Zachary Taylor, Millard Fili- al more. I Free-Soil, Martin Yaii Buren, Charles 1^ Francis Adams. •Question at Issue: slavery most prominent question, but not a part}" issue. Result: Wliiirs victorious. Candidates: -{ Cause : Mexican War. Eeal : annexation of Texas to the United States. Apparent : dispute about the boundary. Texas claimed to the Ilio Grande Iliver. Mexico claimed to the Nueces River. War declared by the United States, May 11, 1846. California, John C. Fremont, New Mexico and westward, Philip Kearney. Campaigns:^ The disputed territory, Zachary Tay- lor. Vera Cruz to City of Mexico, Win- field Scott. Result : successful in every canipaii^n. PRINCIPAL BATTLES OF THE MEXICAN WAR. Date. Amek. Sue. Mex. Sue. Commanders. American. Mexican. 1846 May 8 Palo Alto. Taylor. Arista. May 9 Resaca de la Palma. Taylor. Arista. Sept. 24 Monterey. Taylor. Ampudia. 1847 Feb. 23 Buena Vista. Taylor. Santa Anna. Mch. 27 Vera Cruz. Scott. Morales. Apr. 18 Cerro Gordo. Scott. Santa Anna. May 15 Puebla. Scott. j Contreras. Scott. Santa Anna. Aug. 20 I Cherubusco. Molinadel-Rey. Scott. Alvarez. Sept. 13 Chapultepec. Scott. Bravo. Sept. 14 Mexico. Scott. Results : Treaty of Peace signed February 2, 1848 at Guadalupe Hidalgo, a small town near the city of Mexico. Rio Grande made the boundary between Mexico and Texas.^ California and 'New Mexico ceded to the United States. The United States paid Mexico $15,000,000, and assumed $3,600,000 worth of debts due Texas citizens. Peace proclaimed by President Polk, July 4, 1848. (46) taylor and fillmore. 4t Taylor and Fillmore's Administration. 1849-1853. PreMent : Zacliary Taylor, of Louisaiia. Vice-President: Millard Fillmore, of Xew York. Time : Taylor 1 year -1 months ; Fillmore remain- der of the term. Politics : Whig. Administratio7i : violent political agitation. Important Events: invasion of Cuba by Lopez ;. death of the American Triumvirate — John C. Cal- houn 185U, Henry Clay 1852, Daniel Webster 1852 ;. Omnibus Bill 1850; admission of California 1850; publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin ; letter postage re- duced to three cents. 48 fifth epoch : development. Presidential Campaign of 1852. " Democratic, Franklin Pierce, William K. King. Candidat \ ^^^ig' 'W'infield Scott, William A. Graham. Free-Soil, John P. Hale, George W. Julian. Question at Issue : none prominent. Result: Democrats victorious. Pierce's Administration. 1853-1857. President : Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire. Yice-P resident : William R. King, of Alabama. Time : one term. Politics : Democratic. Administration : violent political strife. Imjportcmt Events : Gadsden purchase 1853 ; death of vice-president ; Kane's 2nd Arctic expedition ; Perry's treaty with Japan ; Kansas-Nebraska bill ; civil war in Kansas ; organization of the Republican party. pierce and 15uc1ianan. 49 Presidkntial Campaign of 1856. Deinocratic, James Buchanan, John C. 15reckinridge. Republican, John C. Fremont, Wil- liam L. Dayton. I Know-nothing, Milhird FiUmore, A. 1^ J. Donelson. Question at Issue : extension of slavery. Result : Democrats victorious. Buchanan's Administration. 1857-1861. President: James Buchanan, of Tennsylvania. Vice-President : John C. Breckinridge, of Ken- tucky. Time : one term. Politics : Democratic. Administration : bitter feeling between North and South. Important Events : Dred Scott Decision 1857 ; Personal Liberty Bills : Minnesota admitted 1858, Ore- iron 1859 ; John Brown's Raid ; the secession of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas 1861; formation of the Southern Confederacy 1861 — Montgomery, capital; JeiTerson Davis of Mississippi made president and Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia vice-president. 30 fifth epoch i development. Presidential Campaign of 1860. " ]S"orthern Democrats, Stephen A. Douglas, Herschel Y. Johnson. Southern Democrats, John C. Breck- Oandidates: 4 i^^'i^g^, Joseph Lane. * ' Eepublican, Abraham Lincoln, Han- nibal Hamlin. Constitution-Union, John Bell, Ed- ward Everett. Question at Issue : extension of slavery. Hesult : Republicans victorious. Lincoln's Administration, 1861-1865. President : Abraham Lincoln of Illinois. Vice-President : 1st term, Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine ; 2nd term, Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee. Time : one term, one month. Politics : Republican. Administration : war. Important Events : Civil War ; Nevada admitted 1864, West Yirginia 1863 ; Emancipation Proclama- tion 1863 ; secession of Yirginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina, 1861 ; England, France, Spain and Portugal acknowledged the Confederate States as belligerents 186 1 LINCOLN. 51 Presidential Campaign of 1S64. ( Democratic, George B. McClellan, i Georire II. Pendleton. ] Eepublican, Abraham Lincoln, An- Candidates: ' [ drew Johnson. Question at Issue : management of the war. Result : Republicans victorious. I si^^Tia: e:e=oo:e3: THE CIYIL WAK. ' Slavery. Different construction put upon United States Constitution by the people of the IS^orth and of the South. Causes: ] Different systems of labor in the N'orth and in the South. Want of intercourse between the people of the I^orth and of the South. Publication of sectional books. (52) l'ULNCll»AL13. LTTLHS OF THE CIVIL. ^VAR. Date. North. Sue. Soi'Tii. Sue. Commanders. Federal. CoNKilD. imi 1 Apr. 14 Ft. Sunipter, S. C. Anderson. Beauregard. July 21 Bull Uuu, Va. McDowell. Beauregard. 1!S62 Fcl.. 6 Fort TTeiirv. fenu. Grant. Com. Foote. Tilghman. Fvh. IG Fort Donald- son, Tenn. Grant. Com. Foote. Pillow. Mcli. 8 Merrlmac and Monitor. "Worden. Buchanan. ■V-t" Shiloh, Tenn. Grant. Johnston. Apr. 2:) X. Orleans. La. Farragut. Butler. Lovell. June 25 Seven Day'.s McClellan. Lee. to battles ended July 1 with Malvern Hill, Va. Aug. 26 Second battle Bull Run. Pope. Lee. Sept. 17 Antietam, 3Id. ]\[cClellan. Lee. Dec. 13 Fredericks- burg, Va. Burnside. Lee. Dec. 31 Murfreesboro, Rosecrans. Bragg. or Tenn. Jan. 2 1M03 Mav Chanccllors- Hooker. Lee. 2-3 villc, Va. July Getty.sl)urg, Meade. Lee. 1. 2, 3 Penn. July 4 Siege of Vicks- burg, Mi.ss. Grant. Pembcrton. Sept. 19-20 Chickaniauga, Tenn. Rosecrans. Bragg. Nov. 25 Chattanooga, Tenn. (rrant. Bragg. (53) PRINCIPA L BATTLES CONTINUED. Date. North. Sue. South. Sue. Commanders. Federal. CONFED. 1864 May Wilderness, Grant. Lee. 5-6 Va. May Spottsylvania, Grant. Lee. 8-13 Va. June 3 Cold Harbor, Va. Grant. Lee. June 14 Alabama and Kearsarge— off coast of France. Winslow. Semmes. Aug. 5 Closing Mobile Harbor, Ala. Farragut. Buchanan. Sept. 2 Atlanta, Ga. Sherman. Hood. Oct. 19 Cedar Creek, Va. Sheridan. Early. Dec. Nashville, Thomas. Hood. 15-16 Tenn. Dec. 21 Savannah. Sherman. 1865 Apr. 1 Battle Five Forks, Va. Grant. Lee. Apr. 9 Appomattox Court House, Va. Grant. Lee. Eesults: Total loss on both sides in killed and wounded nearly 1,000,000 men. A ISTational debt of $2,844,000,000. Slavery abolished. Union preserved. Loss of property uncalculable. (54) SE-VElNTTXa: EX=>OOI^. KECENT EVENTS. Johnson's Administration. 1865-1869. President : Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee. Time : nearly four years, filled office at death of Lincoln. Politics ; Republican. Administration : unsatisfactory. Important Events : amnesty proclamation ; disband- ment of the army ; XIII. amendment adopted 1865 ; reconstruction of the Union ; Freedman's Bureau and Civil Kights bills ; laying of the Atlantic Cable by energy of Cyrus W. Field ; purchase of Alaska 1867 ; Tenure of Office Act ; im])eachment of the President 1S68 ; XIV. amendment adopted 186S; Indian War in the southwest ; Nebraska admitted 1867 ; trouble with the French in Mexico ; treaty with China. 56 seventh epoch : recent events. Peesidential Campaign of 1868. Candidates: -< { Democratic, Horatio Seymour, Fran- I cis P. Blair. Republican, Ulysses S. Grant, Schuy- ler Colfax. Questions at issue: position held by seceded States; Negro suffrage. Pesult: Pepublicans victorious. Grant's Administration. 1869-1877. President : Ulysses S. Grant, of Illinois. Vice-President : 1st term, Schuyler Colfax, of In- diana ; 2d term, Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts. Time : two terms. Politics : Pepublican. Administration : prosperous. Important Events : completion of the Pacific P.R.; XY. amendment adopted 1870 ; Fenian excitement ; Chicago and Boston fires : settlement of Alabama Claims ; investigation of Credit Mobilier ; invention of the telephone ; salary act ; railroad panic ; denom- etization of silver ; Centennial Exposition 1876; Ad- mission of Colorado 1876 ; Electoral Commission ; death of Yice-President Henry Wilson. GRANT AM) IIAYKS. 57 PkKSIDKNTIAL CAMTAKiN OF IST^). [" DcMiiocratie, Samuel J. Tildeii, Thos. Important j '^- Hcndrieks. Candidates: "j liepuhlican, Paitherford B. Hayes, L William A. Wheeler. Questions at Issue: resumption of specie payment; southern policy prominent. Result : Republicans victorious. Hayes's Administration. 18T7-18S1. President: Rutherford B. Hayes, of Ohio. Vice-President : William A. Wheeler, of ^^ew York. Time : one term. Politics : Repuldican. Adiiiinistration : unsatisfactory. Important Events : United States troops w.ithdrawn from the soutli ; yellow fever in the soutli ; resump- tion of specie payments; fishery award ; Bland silver bill ; invention of Phonogra})h and introduction of electric lii^ht, 1879, by Edison ; railroad strikes; death of William Cullen Bryant. 58 seventh epoch : kecent events. Presidential Campaign of 1880. f Democratic, Winfield S. Hancock,. Important j ^^^' H. English. Candidates: "j Republican, James A. Garfield, dies- is ter A. Arthur. Question at Issue : protective tariff prominent. Result : Republicans victorious. Garfield and Arthl-r's Administration. 1881-1885. President : James A. Garfield, of Ohio. Vice-President : Chester A. Arthur, of New York. Time : Garfield seven months, 14 days ; Arthur re- mainder of term. Politics : Republican. Administration : popular. Important Events : resignation of Conkling and. Piatt, United States Senators from New York ; revised edition of New Testament issued in America ; death of J. G. Holland, H. W. Longfellow, R. W. Emerson ; centennial celebration at Yorktown; Star Route frauds ; trial and execution of Charles Guiteau ; letter postage reduced to two cents ; standard time adopted ;. Pendleton's Civil Service Reform bill. gakfiei.d. aktiil'r, and cleveland. 59 Presidentls-l Candidates of 1884. f Democratic, Grover Cleveland, Thos. Important I A. Hendricks. Candidates: '^i Republican, James G. Blaine, John L A. Logan. Question at Issue : Civil Service. Result: Democrats victorious for first time in 2*i years. Cleveland's Administration. 1885— President : Grover Cleveland, of Xew Y^rk. Vice-President : Thos. A. Hendricks, of Indiana. Tirne : Politics : Democratic. Administration : satisfactory. Important Events : deaths of General Grant, Yice- President Hendricks, John A. Logan, ex-President Arthur; Presidential succession law; earthquake shocks in the South ; strikes and labor troubles ; Fish- ery treaty with England ; difficulties with Chinese in the West ; Civil Service policy ; veto of Dependent Pension Bill ; tariff question. PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. No. Presidents. Res. Inaug. Time. Vice-Pkesidents 1 George Washington Va. 1789 8 yrs. John Adams. 2 John Adams. Mass. 1797 4 " Thomas Jefferson. 3 Thos. Jefferson. Va. 1801 8 " Aaron Burr. George Clinton. 4 James Madison. Va. 1809 8 " George Clinton. Elbridge Gerry. 5 James Monroe. Va. 1817 8 " Dan. D. Tompkins 6 John Q. Adams. Mass. 1825 4 " John C. Calhoun. 7 Andrew Jackson. Tenn. 1829 8 " John C. Calhoun. Mar. Van Buren. 8 Martin Yan Buren. N. Y. 1837 4 " Rich. M. Johnson. 9 Wm. H. Harrison. Ohio. 1841 1 mo. John Tyler. 10 John Tyler. Va. 1841 3 yr. 10 mo. 26 da. 11 James K. Polk. Tenn. 1845 4 3'rs. George M. Dallas. 12 Zachar}^ Taylor. Lou. 1849 1 yr. 4 mo. 23 da. Millard Fillmore. 13 Millard Fillmore. N. Y. 1850 2 yrs. 7 mo. 23 da. 14 Franklin Pierce. N. H. 1853 4 yrs. Wm. R. King. 15 James Buchanan. Penn. 1857 4 " J. C. Breckinridge. 16 Abraham Lincoln. 111. 1861 4 yrs. I mo. II da. Hannibal Hamlin. Andrew Johnson. 17 Andrew Johnson. Tenn. 1865 3 yrs. 10 mo. 17 da. 18 Ulysses S. Grant. 111. 1869 8 yrs. Schuyler Colfax. Henry Wilson. 19 Rutherf'dB. Hayes Ohio. 1877 4 " Wm. A. Wheeler. 20 James A. Garfield. Ohio. 1881 6 mo. 15 da. Chester A. Arthur. 21 Chester A. Arthur. N. Y. 1881 3 yrs. 5 mo. 15 da. 22 Grover Cleveland. N. Y. 1885 T. A. Hendricks. (60) PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS, CONTINIKD. Prebidents. Born. Died. Last Resting Pl.\ce. When. Where. George Washinglon 1732. Va. 1799. Mt. Vernon, Va. John Adams. 1735. Mas.s. 1826. Quincy, Mass. Thomas .TrtTiTson. 1743. Va. 1826. Monticello, Va. James Madison. 1751. Va. 1830. Montpclier, Va. James Monroe. 1758. Va. 1831. Hollywood C, Rich- mond, Va. John i}. Adams. 1707. Mass. 1848. Quinc}', Mass. Anchvw Jackson. 17G7. N. C. 1845. In the i^arden of the "Hermitage," ncarNashville.Tenn. Martin Van Buren. 1782. N. Y. 1862. Kinderhook, N. Y. Wm. II. Harrison. 1773. Va. 1841. North Bend, Ohfo. John Tyler. 1790. Va. 1862. Hollywood C, Rich- mond, Va.. ten yds. from Monroe. James K, Polk. 1795. N. C. 1849. In his garden, Nash- vilkC Tenn. Zachary Taylor. 1748. Va. 1850. Cave Hill C, Louis- ville, Ky. Millard Fillmore. 1800. N. Y. 1874. Forest Lawn C, Buffalo, N. Y. Fraidilin Pierce. 1804. N. II. 1869. Concord, N. II. James Buclianan. 1791. Penn. 1868. Woodward Hill C, Lancaster, Pa. Abraham Lincoln. 1809. Ky. 1865. Oak Ridge C, Springfield, Ohio. Andrew Johnson. 1808. N. C. 1875. Greenville, Tenn. Ulysses 8. Grant. 1822. Ohio. 1885. Riverside Park, N. Y. City. Rnthcrf'dB. Hayes. 1822. Ohio. James A. Garfield. 1831. Ohio. 1881. Lake View C, Cleveland, Ohio. Chester A. Arthur. 1830. Vt. 1886. Rural C. Albany, X. Y. G rover Cleveland. 1837. N. J. (61) TERRITORY ACQUIRED BY THE UNITED STATES. Date. Territory. How ACQUIRED. From whom 1775 1 1783 f 1787 Thirteen Original States. Revolutionary War. England. N. W. Territory. Ceded. Original States. S. W. Territory. Ceded. Original States 1803 Louisiana, Purchased $15,000,000. France. 1809 Florida. Purchased |5, 000, 000. Spain. 1845 Texas. Annexed. Texas. 1789) 1846 f Oregon. Exploration and occupancy. 1848 California. Treaty and Purchase $18,500,000. Mexico. 1853 Gadsden. Purchased $10,000,000. Mexico. 1867 Alaska. Purchased $7,200,000. ' Russia. (63) SLAVERY. 63 SLAVERY. Introduced into Virginia, 1619. Introduced into New Netherlands, 1626. Negro Plot in New York, 17-11. Extent, existed in all colonies till 17S0. Gradually abolished by Northern States after 1780. Importation of slaves forbidden ISOS. All States North of Mason and Dixon's" line, 39°,. 43', 26.3", free, 1820. Missouri Compromise, 1820. Texas admitted as a slave State, 1845. Wilmot Proviso, 1846. Omnibus bill, 1850. Kansas-Nebraska bill, 1854. Civil War in Kansas, 1855-1860. Dred Scott Decision, 1857. Personal Liberty Bills, 1857. John Brown's Raid, 1859. Election of Lincoln, 1860. Emancipation Proclamation, 1863. Thirteenth Amendment, 1865. Fourteenth Amendment, 1868. Fifteenth Amendment, 1870. '64: INVENTIONS. NOTABLE AMERICAN INTENTIONS. Open stove, Benjamin Franklin, 1742. Identity of lightning and electricity discovery, Ben- jamin Franklin, 1752. Cotton Gin, Eli Whitney, 1793. Steamboat, Eobert Fulton, 1806. First locomotive in America for railroad purposes, Peter Cooper, 1830. Eeaper, Cyrus H. McCormick, 1831. Telegraph, S. F. B. Morse, 1st message, 1811:. Sewing Machine, Elias Howe, 1846. Cylinder Press, Richard M. Hoe, 1847. Mowing Machine, W. A. Wood, 1854. Atlantic Cable, due to Cyrus W. Field, 1866. Telephone, Henry Graham Bell, 1875. Ph(5nograph, Thomas A. Edison, 1877. lElectric Light, Thomas A. Edison, 1879. PROMINENT STATESMEN. 65- prominp:nt American statesmen. ASIDE FROM THE PRESIDENTS. Patrick Ilenrj. Samuel Adams. James Otis. Josiali Quincy. John Hancock. Benjamin Franklin. Alexander Hamilton. John Jay. John C. Calhoun. Daniel Webster. Henry Chiy. Robert Y. Hayne. Stephen A. Douglas. Charles Sumner. William H. Seward. Thomas Bayard. W. M. Eva'rts. Roscoe Conkling. m PROMINENT AMERICAN WRITERS. A PAETIAL LIST OF PKOMINENT AMEEICAN WEITEES. Historians : Washington Irving. W. H. Prescott. J. L. Motley. George Bancroft. Benjamin J. Lossing. Novelists : James Fenimore Cooper. E"athaniel Hawthorne. W. D. Howells. Poets : Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Oliver Wendell Homes. James Eussell Lowell. William Cullen Bryant. John Greenleaf Whittier. Essayists : Edward Everett. Ealph Waldo Emerson. Journalists : J. G. Holland. Charles Dudley Warner. BOOKS TO BE READ. BOOKS AND POEMS TO EEAD IN CONNEC- TION WITH UNITED STATES HISTORY. Landing of tlie Pilii:rinis, llemans. Evangeline, Longfellow. Courtship of Miles Standish, Longfellow. Last of the Mohicans, Cooper. Warren's Address, Pierpont. Paul Revere's Ride, Longfellow. Gertrude of Wyoming, Campbell. Ichabod, Holmes. • Biglow Papers, Lowell. Sheridan's Ride, Read. Barbara Frietchie, Whittier. Centennial Hymn, Whittier. American Flag, Drake. Ramona, Helen Hunt Jackson. 68 NATIONAL SONGS. OUR I^ATIOIN^AL SONGS. Yankee Doodle, Dr. Shacksbiirg, 1775, Eevolution- ary War. Hail Columbia, Joseph Hopkinson, 1798. Star Spangled Banner, Frances S. Key, 1864. Home, Sweet Home, John Howard Payne, about 1818. Old Folks at Home, Stephen C. Foster. Dixie, Dan Emmet, 1869. Battle Cry of Freedom, George F. Eoot, Civil War. Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, George F. Root, Civil War. Marching thro' Georgia, Henry C. Work, Civil War. Maryland My Maryland, James R. Randall, Civil War. John Brown's Body, authorship disputed, Civil War. THE SCHOOL BULLETIN PUBLICATIONS, Marenholz-Buelow (Baroness) The School Work-shop. Translated by JNIiss Susan E. Blow. Paper, 16mo, pp. 27 15 Maps* for the WalA. 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