HIS 
 
L 899 
 .V5 
 1913 
 Copy 1 
 
 County School Fairs 
 
 Virginia 
 
 (Second Edition) 
 
 Issned ))y 
 
 Department of Public Instruction of Virginia 
 
 J. L). EUGLESTON, Sii'krintkni.kxt 
 
 December, iqis 
 
 RICHMOND : 
 
 DAVIS BOTTOM, SUPEEINTEKDENT OF PUBLIC PRINTING 
 
 1913 
 
 C/^-- W-3 
 
I 
 
 
 This Bulletin is is.-ned in order to emphasize the importance oi 
 the County School Fair work; to let the public know the scope of 
 this movement; to encourage the promotion of such fairs in e^■ery 
 county of Virginia; to give superintendents, school fair committees, 
 and teachers suggestions and illustrations that will enable them to 
 hold successful fairs; and to place in their hands carefulh^ prepared 
 instructions for making the various articles usually exhibited at 
 such fairs. 
 
 I desire to acknowledge the valuable assistance rendered by 
 Miss Anna L. Jones, of Lynchburg, \-a.\ the Campbell County 
 School Fair Committee; Mii-6 Flla G. Agnew, State Director of 
 Girls' Demonstration Work; Miss Ehea C. Scott and Miss Frances 
 Sale, of the Harrisonburg State Normal. The greater part of "In- 
 structions for Preparing County School Fair Work"' was either 
 prepared or revised by them. 
 
 T. S. SETTLE, 
 tState Supei risor Rural Elementary Schools of Virginia. 
 
 
THE HOOKWORM AND THE BOOKWORM 
 
 Two of the greatest drawbacks to real education in Virginia 
 are the hookworm and the bookAvorm. 
 
 The hookworm is a physical handicap, weakening the body, 
 producing an anaemic condition, and sapping the energies of the 
 person ari'ected. It thrives through ignorance of. and carelessness 
 in regard to. certain simple laws of health and sanitation. Its di- 
 vinity is Beelzebul, the god of fiUh. which fatally sliapes the ends 
 of thousands. 
 
 crowd pouring Into county seat about 9:30 A. M. Loudoun County School Fair 
 
 The Eockefeller Commission, with the hearty co-operation and 
 assistance of the State Board of Health and the State Board of 
 Education, is eliminating the hookworm. 
 
 The bookworm is a mental and spiritual handicap. It some- 
 times stifles, and often causes a misdirection of, the mental energies. 
 One of its most dangerous tendencies is to cause the mind to mag- 
 nify unessentials, while imagining these to be all-important. This 
 naturally affects the character, inducing moral astigmatism, as the 
 mind and heart thus att'ectecl are unable to function properly. 
 
 Along with the hookworm, the bookworm tends to warp and 
 destroy the three fundamentals of education, which are a healthy 
 body, properly directed energies of mind and will, and an unselfish 
 outlook on life. 
 
This tendency causes the victim to neglect to cuUivate the so- 
 cial and spiritual energies latent in every human being. This neg- 
 lect often results in spiritual and social myopia, which prevents 
 foresight and limits the spiritual and social energies to an attempt 
 to cure evils, which, with the bookworm eliminated, might easily 
 be i^revented. For example, the bookworm, the natural ally of the 
 hookworm, having produced a condition of mental and spiritual 
 mj^opia, and a laisscz fcdre attitude toward life, causes its victim 
 to wait for the hookworm and the typhoid and other germs to af- 
 flict people before an attempt is made to cure these ten-ible scourges 
 of the human race. Its victims look upon typhoid, diphtheria, 
 tuberculosis, pneumonia. grii)pe, and other preventable diseases as 
 visitations of a mysterious Providence, instead of visitations of 
 natural causes clearly preventable. 
 
 Gathering in the Courthouse Yard— Over 400 people in attendance. Loudoun County 
 
 School Fair 
 
 As bad as the hookworm is, its effects are small compared to 
 those produced by the bookworm. The bookworm's worst effect 
 is the attitude towards life it produces in its victims. One strange 
 delusion it produces is that cultui-e consists in book knowledge for 
 the sake of knowledge and not for social service — and that one 
 should not unll until one knows. Its formula may be expressed in 
 the sentence. "He that knoicefh will do.'' Its practical effect has 
 been to teach how to know so as to ''do'' — others. This is diametri- 
 cally opposed to the standpoint of Jesus Christ, whose entire life 
 and teaching was, "He that wi/Is to do, shall Inoiry 
 
 Another effect of the bookworm is its capacity to render the 
 min-d and soul impervious to new ideas and ideals." It produces a 
 marvelous capacity to resist the entrance of simple truths. It de- 
 
 2 
 
stroys teachaljJeiiess and open-mindedness. It eiicoura<j;-es compli- 
 cated life and divided aims, and rejects that spiritual simplicity 
 which would show itself in sing-lemindedness properly directed to- 
 ward social improvement. 
 
 Another strange delusion produced by the bookworm is that to 
 teach a child how to do something that is really useful from an 
 economic standpoint is to encourage "materialism"' and to destroy 
 spirituality. The educational formula of this attitude ma}- be ex- 
 pressed by the sentence. '•'J'rue education consists in teaching a child 
 that which he cannot use in everyday life;" or, "If it is useful 
 
 Campbell County School Fair Hall 
 Two-story building 48's88^' 
 
 it is material education and destructive of liigh ideals; if useless, 
 it is pedagogical." It is so fearful that the" BiV)lical injunction, 
 "Let not thy right hand know what thy left hand doeth," may be 
 disregarded, that it prevents either hand from doing anything. 
 This delusion has grown from the hell-born idea that honest work 
 of some kinds is degrading, while honest work of other kinds — 
 usually classed as the "professions" — is highly honorable. In its 
 
 3 
 
acute form it regards work with one's own hands as lacking in 
 '•good form," while work with other peoples hands for one's own 
 personal profit is strictly en regie and distinguishes the classes 
 from the masses. 
 
 The General Education Board, through the United States De- 
 partment of Agriculture: the United Agricultural Board of Vir- 
 ginia; and the vState Board of P^ducation, in co-operation with each 
 other, are eliminating the bookworm. The Boys' Com Club and 
 the Girls' Garden and Poultry Club, organized and conducted 
 through the demonstration work, is the best known treatment for 
 the disease; and this is greatly helped by the supplementary 
 treatment of school a'arden clubs, sewing clubs, cooking clul)S. and 
 
 JiiU-nor ul CaiiipbeU Coiml.\ .School Fair Hali, showing Literary Exhibit 
 
 similar infusions. One of the most yaluable aids in applying this 
 treatment is the County School Fair. 
 
 These yarious lines of treatment — which are strikingly similar 
 in purpose, though dilfering somewhat in method — open the physi- 
 cal, mental, social and spiritual pores and thus tend to throw otf 
 the bookworm poison that clogs the individual system and tluit has 
 in fact fastened itself upon the body pobtic. If the treatment is 
 applied early in the child life, it acts as an anti-toxin, and the child 
 becomes immune. The County School Fair seeks to apply the 
 treatment as an anti-toxin. 
 
 The demonstration work done by the boy and girl giyes them 
 the opportunity for expression in every way — physically, mentally, 
 
 4 
 
morall}^, socially; while the bookworm o-nes hiiii mainly com- 
 pression, cle-pression, re-pression, and sup-pression. The demon- 
 stration Avork cultiv^ates health, heart, hand, and head. The Corn 
 Club boy is taught to cultivate one acre of ground, and while doing 
 this, is taught to cultivate in himself one mental acre of his brain, 
 one spiritual acre of his heart, and one social acre of his whole 
 being. The acreage is so arrariged that a stream of definite, manly 
 purpose enriches the whole. 
 
 The Garden Club girl is taught to culti^'ate her garden plot, 
 and, while doing this, is taught to cultivate in the garden of her 
 heart a desire to make the living place a home instead of a house. 
 Her brain garden is so tilled that she can turn her noble impulses 
 through the channels of clear thought into definite action and 
 worthy results, and her social acre leads her not onl}" to help the 
 neighbors, but to help care for the misfits and unfits produced by 
 the bookworm. She soon realizes that the average home is organ- 
 ized on a basis of drudgery ; and she is taught how to re-organize it 
 on a basis of efficiency. 
 
 With the systematic work now being done by the forces men- 
 tioned above for the elimination of these evils, a new era is dawn- 
 ing in Virginia. 
 
 In the application of these remedies no better physician has 
 appeared than 
 
 THE COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR 
 
 The County School Fair does its work in two directions. First, 
 it sums up the work of the Boys' Corn Clubs and the Girls Garden 
 and Foulti-y Clubs, the sewing clubs, cooking clubs, and similar 
 organizations; and, second, it promotes these organizations and 
 other valuable features of school work in counties where they have 
 made little headway, and encourages their continuance and enlarge- 
 ment in counties where they are already doing well. It gathers up 
 results and then gives forth enthusiasm, encouragement, and defi- 
 nite direction for an enlargement of this educational, economic, and 
 social work. 
 
 The School Fair is a composite picture of the work of the chil- 
 dren. It presents in concentrated form the results of various lines 
 of educational effort. Here one can see in a few hours the fruition 
 of plans and ideals attempted by the boys and girls during the year. 
 
 The School Fair offers prizes. This feature stimulates the zeal 
 of the children. It interests their parents in the work attempted, 
 and thus encourages co-operation between the children, the pai-ents 
 and the teachers. 
 
 The School Fair brings together large numbers of the children 
 from different schools. It thus enlarges the outlook of each school 
 community, and causes the children of each school to measure them- 
 selves b}^ the side of the children of other school committees. 
 
 The athletic contests, the spelling matches, the recitations, the 
 contests in corn raising, and in the raisinsf of tomatoes and other 
 
vegetables; the contests in bread-making, and in making cakes and 
 candies and preserves, and in canning; the woodAvork; the con- 
 tests in apron and dressmaking and in other lines of needlework — 
 all these things, brought together in well ordered display, are of 
 great educational and social value. They teach definite purpose; 
 the}^ encourage persistent ett'ort: they demand careful thought; 
 they require the ability to follow directions, which demands close 
 attention and concentration; they teach self-control and fair play; 
 they enlarge the social vision ; they give a better perspective ; they 
 ishow the value of labor and the shallowness of luck. 
 
 The School Fair brings together a large number of parents 
 and other grown-ups, who come to see the handiwork of their 
 children and of the children of other neighborhoods. It is doubt- 
 
 Corner of Henrico County School Fair, showing Domestic Science Exhibit and 
 Attractive Booths 
 
 fill whether any feature of educational work can arouse more inter- 
 est and enthusiasm among grown i^eople than the School Fair. 
 
 The School Fair, with its industrial work and athletic features, 
 spells death to the bookworm. 
 
 If the School Fair has succeeded so well — as it has — in forty- 
 four counties, why should it not succeed in the one hundred counties 
 of Virginia? And why should not the superintendents, trustees, 
 and teachers begin at once to plan for a County School Fair for 
 next fall? 
 
The Depaitnient of PiibJic Instruction plcdije.s iiself to co- 
 operate with any eli'oi'ts to organize these Fairs. Mr. T. S. -Settle, 
 State Supervisor of Kural P^lenientarv Schools, Avho works under 
 the direction of the De])artnient of Public Instruction, has macie a 
 specialty of this work and has gotten remarkable results. He will 
 send literature; Avill visit your county and help to organize these 
 School Fairs; and will gladly assist in any other way possible. His 
 services are yours for the asking. 
 
 State Supt. Puh/ic Instnict'ion. 
 
 Manual Training Esliibit at Middlesex County School Fair 
 
WHAT IS ^'A VIRGINIA COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR?" 
 
 When A person learns that 44 of the 100 counties of Virginia 
 held County School Fairs in 1912: that over 30,000 Virginia coun- 
 tiy school children competed for the various prizes ottered at these 
 Fairs; that over $15,000 worth of prizevs were awarded the success- 
 ful competitors: and that between 75,000 and 100,00 people at- 
 tended, viewed the exhibits, and enjoyed the various exercises, his 
 curiosity is apt to be aroused, and he will probably ask: WHAT 
 IS A VIRGINIA COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR ? 
 
 View of Rockingham County Scliool Fair Exhibit 
 
 The best way to answer this question is to describe briefly one 
 of the many of these fairs held in Virginia last fall. About nine 
 o'clock in the morning, the people of the county began to pour into 
 the county seat where the School Fair was to be held. They trav- 
 eled in carriages, in Duggies, on horseback, in road-wagons, and 
 afoot. They came from every section of the county- — from the 
 small towns, from the cross roads, and from the most out-of-the-Avay 
 places : they came from the homes of the rich and the homes of the 
 poor; for their children were competing for some of the prizes that 
 were to be awarded, and thev were also to march in the biff school 
 
children's parade willi the other jiupils of their schooL Nothing 
 will come nearer to bringino; out father, mother, sister and brother 
 than the knowledge that the children of the household are to take 
 part in some public exercises. The children were there, of course. 
 They came in large groups, often by schools, bedecked with their 
 school colors, waving school banners, giving their school yells, and 
 singing their school songs. It M'as the gala day for the county 
 public schools, and even that early in the morning the holiday 
 spirit w^as in the air. 
 
 By ten o'clock, hetween 3.000 and 4.000 people hf,d assembled 
 at the School Fair exhibit hall. The entrance to this hall was then 
 thrown open, and this vast throng of peo])le surged in. Their eyes 
 fell upon an uniipie exhibit — ditferent from anything they had ever 
 seen at anv other fair. Near the entrance was a long table loaded 
 
 Corn Exliibit Campbell t 'imiTx School Fair 
 
 tknvn with loaves of bread, b'scuit, cakes, pies, iidine-made candy, 
 butter,, jellies, pickles, canned peaches, pears, and tomatoes. On 
 another table was the Domestic Art Exhibit — shirtwaists, aprons, 
 handkerchiefs, embroidered centerpieces, sofa pillow covers, rag 
 rugs, and a large grou]) of dolls tastefully dressed in the latest 
 fashion by the school children of the primary classes; even the 
 hobble skirt was in evidence. On another table was the Flower 
 and Nature Study Exhibit — ferns, chrysanthemums, geraniums, 
 •dahlias, and collections of Mild flowers. Further down the hall 
 was the table containing the Agricultural Exhibit. On this table 
 were piled ears of corn, ears of popcorn, pumpkins, sweet potatoes. 
 
 9 
 
Irish potatoes, and blacK-eye peas. In a corner was the Manual 
 Training Exhibit, containing bookcases, writing tables, picture 
 frames, brooms, farm rakes, axe handles, shuck door-nu\ts, baskets 
 and rabbit "gums." 
 
 Nor had the literary work of the school been neglected. A 
 large space was occupied by this department : on a table were a 
 number of carefully prepared compositions. They were not upon 
 such abstract subjects as "Intellect." "Faith," "Patience," but aealt 
 with concrete, practical themes, such as "Good Eoads," "The Value 
 of Scientific Methods of Farming," "How to Make a Country Home 
 Comfortable and Attractive," "The Cause and Prevention of Con- 
 sumption," "The House Fly a Menace to Health." There were 
 
 Tomato Club Exhibit, Rockingham County School Fair 
 
 also numerous specimens of writing and drawing, and the walls of 
 one side of the hall Avere decorated with skilfully drawn maps of 
 the county and the State. 
 
 Antl remember that all the exhibits were prepared l)y the school 
 children of the county. 
 
 After viewing the exhibit, the large crowd gathered in the 
 courthouse ,yard, and listened to tAvo short addresses, delivered from 
 the courthouse steps. One of the speakers was a respresentative of 
 the Farm Demonstration Work in Virginia. He told his large 
 audience that Virginia needed more and better farmers, and ex- 
 plained to them how they could make more money on smaller 
 farms by adopting modern methods of farming. 
 
 10 
 
The otluT 5;peaker was a representative of tlie State Depart- 
 ment of Public Instruction. He spoke of the need for better schools 
 in Virginia and the necessity of adapting the school curriculum to 
 the lives of the people and the needs of the community. 
 
 Xext, an old-fashioned spelling match was held. Each school 
 was represented by its best spellers, and the rivalry Avas very keen. 
 
 After lunch-hour came the most interesting and imposing fea- 
 ture of the day's program — the School Fair parade. All of the 
 school children of the county were formed in line of march, grouped 
 by individual schools and school districts. Each school was led by 
 its teachers. All the pupils of the school were wearing the school 
 colors, many were carrying pennants, and floating high above their 
 heads was a large banner bearing the name of the individual school. 
 Some of these names were unusual, to say the least. The immense 
 parade of over a thousand school children, led by a local brass band. 
 
 Flower Exhibit, Campbell County School Fair 
 
 waving their banners and pennants, singing their school songs, and 
 giving school yells, marched through the streets of the usually quiet 
 country tow^n. It was the most inspiring sight that could be wit- 
 nessed — this happy, buoyant army of the future men and women of 
 a great Commonwealth ! 
 
 The parade then returned to the courthouse steps, where the 
 prizes were announced and awarded. They next marched to the 
 athletic field (the local race-track), where the best athletes of each 
 school contested in the 100-yard dash, the 2'20-3^ard dash, the high 
 jump, the baseball throAv, and the relay race. 
 
 After this the crowd disperserl. and the people went back to 
 their homes better and happier for having touched- elbows with 
 thousands of their fellow county men, and many realized fully for 
 the first time wdiat a large enterprise the public school system of a 
 county is. and what an increased power for usefulness it may be- 
 come. 
 
 11 
 
HISTORY OF THE SCHOOL FAIR MOVEMENT 
 
 IN VIRGINIA 
 
 The idea of holding industrial school fairs in connection with 
 the public schools of a county was first conceived by the Virginia 
 Federation of Women s Clubs during the winter of 1907-8. After 
 mature consideration, a definite plan for such fairs wavS drawn up 
 and adopted by the Federation. Following this action., the Van 
 Dyke League of Lynchburg, Va., one of the Federated Clubs, ten- 
 dered to W. L. Garbee, Division Superintendent of Schools for 
 Campbell County, its assistance in working up a fair, Mr. Garbee, 
 believing he saAv in such a fair an opportunity to more closely cor- 
 
 Teacher, Patron and Some Pupils of a One-Room School in attendance at the Prince 
 George County School Fair 
 
 relate school lessons Avith home interests, and other possibilities 
 tor good to his schools, accepted their otter. A School Fair Com- 
 mittee of trustees, teachers, and ])nblic-spirited citizens w^as then 
 formed, and with the cooperation of Miss Anna L. Jones and other 
 members of the Van Dyke League, a prize list was made up, prizes 
 secured from the merchants of Lynchburg, a School Fair catalogue 
 published, and the teachers, ])ui^ils, and })arents of the county Avere 
 urged to co-operate in this work. 
 
 As a result of their efforts, tlie first County School Fair in 
 Virginia was held at Kustburg, the county seat of Campbell 
 County, October 28, 1908. This first fair Avas not a large one. 
 Only twenty-four prizes Avere offered, aggregating in value $70. 
 One small jury room in the courthouse easily held the exhibits. 
 
 i2 
 
The promoters of this first fair felt, nevertheless, that their 
 elfort had been a success, (ireat movements usually start with small 
 beginnings. As soon as the 1908 fair was over, they began making 
 
 A Trustee and l^ocal Hrass Hand leading Parade, Loudoun Counfy School Fair 
 
 plans for a larger fair in 1909. A larger prize list was made out. 
 The Lynchburg merchants materially increased their financial aid; 
 private citizens of the county made liberal contributions, and the 
 
 Part of liOudoun County School Fair Parade 
 
 Count}' School Board, realizing that this w'as a Avorthy educational 
 work, made a substantial appropriation. When the exhibits came 
 in for the 1909 Fair, the courthouse room would not hold them. 
 
 13 
 
and they had to be transferred to the largest building then exist- 
 ing in the town. 
 
 The 1010 Fair was an even greater snccess. Xo building could 
 be found large enough to hold the exhibits, so a large tent was 
 stretched upon the court green. 
 
 The Fair had now grown to such i)roportions, and had ob- 
 tained such a hold upon the interast and pride of the Campbell 
 Count}^ people, that, at the conclusion of the 1910 Fair, a movement 
 was stai-ted to build a permanent School Fair Hall. Funds for 
 this purpose were soon raised by generous private contributions. 
 by entertainments given in the schools, and by a supplemental 
 appropriation by the county. The School Fair Hall wa« completed 
 111 time to be used for the 1911 School Fair. It is a two-story 
 building 44x88^ feet. The lower story is an exhibit hall, and the 
 upper stoiy is an auditorium for holding the public exercises. The 
 
 School Fair Parade, Sussex County 
 
 total cost was $3,100. The Countv School Board appropriated 
 $1,000, the County Board of Supervisors $500, and $1,600 was 
 raised in the other ways mentioneed above. 
 
 The Campbell County School Fair of 1911 was in keeping with 
 its new and commodious quarters, and far surpassed all previous 
 fairs. The number of prizes had grown from 24 in 1908 to 301 in 
 1911, and their value from $70.00 to $827.00. In competition for 
 these prizes, 1,.529 pieces of Avork were exhibited, divided among 
 the various departments as follows: 
 
 Literary, 340; agricultural. 114: floral, 105; domestic science. 
 587; domestic aii:, 226; manual training, 112; poultiy. 45. 
 
 In addition to these exhibits, there w^ere 150 entries for the 
 spelling matches and 111 for the athletic events. 
 
 Four thousand people attended this fair. 
 
 14 
 
The lUl-J School I^air was, hoAvever. the most siiccessful that 
 Campbell Count,y has yet held. Over $1,200 was o-iven away in 
 prizes, nearly 5,000 people attended, and 1,500 children took part 
 in the parade. 
 
 Glimpse of Rockingliam County Scliool Fair Parade Three thousand School Children 
 took part In this Parade 
 
 In the meantime, the School Fair work has spread to many 
 other counties in Virginia. In the early part of 1910, the State 
 Department of Public Instruction, realizing: the good the Camp- 
 
 starting the220-.vard dash, Amelia County Scliool Fair 
 
 bell County School Fair Avas doing in that county, and in full 
 sympathy Avith the plan of promoting industrial AA'ork in the Vir- 
 ginia public schools through such fairs. Avent actiA^ely to work to 
 
 15 
 
inaugurate the movement in other counties. The result was that 
 many very successful fairs were held in the fall of 1910. In 1911 
 the numl)er had grown to twenty odd, and in 1912 to forty-four. 
 Some of these fairs Avere held in connection with the regidar 
 county fairs, others independently. 
 
 The Department stands read}^ to assist in this work, and to 
 aid any county in organizing such fairs through its representative. 
 Mr. T. S. Settle. State Supervisor of Rural Elementary Schools. 
 Richmond, Va., who has special charge of these County School 
 Fairs. 
 
 lOO-yard dash, Sussex County School Fair 
 
 HOW TO HAVE A SUCCESSFUL COUNTY 
 SCHOOL FAIR 
 
 The Division (or County) Superintendent should first of all 
 become interested. It is very difficult to conduct successfully any 
 enterprise which concerns all the schools of a county without his 
 enthusias-tic leadership. 
 
 The next step is to secure the hearty co-operation of the teach- 
 ers. The Superintendent can do this by appearing before them at 
 a regular or called meeting of the Teachers' Association, explain- 
 ing to them what a School Fair is, its purposes, and how in his 
 opinion such a fair would aid that county. The teachers should 
 then discuss the advisability of holding such a fair and vote upon it. 
 
 Should this vote be in the affirmative, every teacher should 
 consider herself a committee of one to interest her pupils in_ the 
 work and to send to the fair a creditable number of entries from 
 
 16 
 
her school. A special school fair coiiiinittee should be chosen to 
 take charge of all the routine Avork connected Avitli the fair. The 
 personnel of this committee varies in dilferent counties, but we 
 would suggest the following plan for securing a. good working 
 committee: 
 
 The teachers should choose one teacher from each district ; the 
 Division fSupermtendent should appoint one trustee from each dis- 
 trict, and these members of the committee siiould select one citizen 
 from each district. 
 
 This committee should nuike out a prize list, raise funds for 
 financing the fair, issue a catalogue, look after the advertising, take 
 charge of and aiTange the exhibits, select competent judges to 
 award the prizes, arrange and conduct the exercises of fair day, etc. 
 
 Kunuing High Jump. Henrico County School Fairf 
 
 The work of the connnittee may be made more ettective by 
 dividing it into such sub-committees as Finance. Catalogue and 
 Printing and Advertising, Entertainment, Arrangement and Deco- 
 ration, and Program. 
 
 The County School Board (or the District School Boards) 
 should make a cash appropriation to assist in hnancing the fair. 
 Business firms and public-spirited private citizens are always will- 
 ing and glad to subscribe to the prize list. 
 
 In the hope of assisting scnool fair committees in selecting the 
 prize lists ancl making out the catalogues, there is published in the 
 back of this pamphlet a lengthy suggested list of School i«'air 
 prizes, from which the committee may choose; revised rules and 
 regulations to govern the conduct of the fair; revised entry sheet: 
 
 17 
 
and revised instructions telling hoAv to prepare the various articles 
 for vv^hich prizes are olt'ered. The committee can save time and 
 labor by incorporating these instructions bodily into their cata- 
 logue. 
 
 Then everyhody should give his enthusiastic cooperation to 
 make the fair a success. It is through untiy of action only that 
 satisfactory results are obtained. Work for it and "boost"' it. 
 
 Basket Ball Game, Henrico County Sfhool f air 
 
 IS 
 
Suggested List of School Fair Prizes 
 
 LITERARY WORK 
 
 Compositions 
 
 Good Roads (to be written by a boy). 
 
 A Boy's Duty to His Mother (to be written by a boy). 
 
 How to Make a Country Home Comfortable and Attractive (to be writ- 
 ten by a girl). 
 
 Uplift of Rural Home Life: Responsibility of Our Girls (to be written 
 by a girl). 
 
 Homeward Bound after a Happy Day at a County School Fair 
 
 Suggestions for Beautifying the School Room and Grounds. 
 
 How Scientific Methods aid the Farmer. 
 
 Importance of Forest Conservation. 
 
 Utilization of Waste Products in county. 
 
 How Does the Tariff affect the Farmer? 
 
 Old and Modern Farming Methods Contrasted: Imi)rovements in Imple- 
 ments, Fertilization, Labor, etc. 
 
 Mutual Dependence of City and Country Life. 
 
 Story of Bird, Plant or Insect Life. 
 
 A Pupil's Obligation to his or her Teacher. 
 
 Historical Sketch of (Choice) Jefferson Davis, .1. E. B. Stuart or Lin- 
 coln. 
 
 Why the Bible Should be Taught in the Public Schools. 
 
 Our Native Birds and Trees. 
 
 I!) 
 
Why I am Glad I Live in Virginia in tlie County of . 
 
 An Illustrated Story of the History of county. 
 
 Virginia's Part in the War of 1776. 
 
 What Thomas Jefferson did for the Public School System of Virginia. 
 
 Does a Trust Affect the Farmer, and How? 
 
 Improvements of Roads During the Past Ten Years, and the Effect on 
 the Farmer. 
 
 Is Farming, as a Profession, Increasing or Decreasing? 
 
 Conveniences Possible in Simple Country Homes. 
 
 How I Beautified my Country Home With Vines and Flowers — Kodak 
 Illustrations. 
 
 How Social Life in the Country may be Improved. 
 
 Property Waste by Fire — How to Prevent It. 
 
 The Native Trees of County and Their Uses. 
 
 How Winter Evenings at Home May be Made Pleasant and Profitable. 
 
 How we Beautified our School Room — Illustrated with kodak pictures 
 taken before beginning work and others showing results. 
 
 How we Beautified our School Grounds — Illustrated with kodak pictures 
 taken before beginning work, and others showing results. 
 
 Legumes that Enrich the Soil. 
 
 Across our Country in a Pullman Car. 
 
 Imaginary Lecture from Family Doctor on Habits of Personal Cleanli- 
 ness and Rules for Good Health. 
 
 Nature's Spring work in the Woods. 
 
 Nature's Preparation for Winter. 
 
 Value of Birds to the Farmer. 
 
 A Year in the Life of Robin Redbreast. 
 
 Story of the Life of a Butterfly. 
 
 Clean Milk, and How to Get It. 
 
 Cause and Prevention of Consumption. 
 
 A Study of Agriculture. 
 
 The House Fly — Personal hygiene. 
 
 Ijetters 
 
 To the boy writing the best letter of application for an imaginary 
 position as Farm Superintendent, stating as his own the qualifications he 
 regards as necessary. 
 
 To the boy writing the best letter of application for an imaginary 
 position as Superintendent of Poultry, stock and fruit farm (choice), 
 stating as his own the qualifications he regards as necessary for such a 
 position. 
 
 To the boy writing the best letter advertising his farm for sale, stating 
 its special advantages and his experience on it. 
 
 To the girl writing the best letter from imaginary daughter to her 
 mother, telling her plans for making her own home in the country happy 
 and comfortable. 
 
 To the girl writing the best letter to a city friend, telling her how life 
 is spent in the country. 
 
 To the girl writing the best letter applying for the position of teacher 
 in a country school. 
 
 Letters telling of Indian child life. 
 
 Imaginary letter to sister or brother away from home. 
 
 Drawing 
 
 Exhibit of free-hand drawing by pupil in high school department. 
 Exhibit of free-hand drawing by pupil in grammar school department. 
 Exhibit of free-hand drawing by pupil in primary school department. 
 Drawing of a graded school building — Scale 1-4-inch to 1 foot. 
 (The drawing must give floor plan and front elevation.) 
 
 20 
 
Exhibit of a book of free-hand drawing, not less than five subjects, on 
 paper 9x12 inches. 
 
 Original drawing of any still life object. 
 Drawing book, completed without assistance. 
 Drawing of a farm house and outbuildings. 
 
 Writing- 
 Copy of Tennyson's "Sweet and Low," by pupils of high school depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Copy of the first eleven lines of "Evangeline" by pupils of grammar 
 school. 
 
 Copy of Sherman's "Daisies" by inipils of primary department. 
 Neatest and best copy book. 
 
 Improvement on Writing — Exhibit first and last copy-book of session 
 ■with teacher's certificate of that fact written in each copy-book. 
 
 3Iaps and lli-awing 
 
 Political map of county, showing location of principal places: 
 
 roads, railroads, streams, etc., drawn to the scale of one inch to the mile. 
 
 Relief map of county, showing principal elevations, slope of 
 
 land, contour, drainage, cities and towns, railroads. 
 
 Relief map of United States, showing State lines and princii)al crops 
 raised in each State. 
 
 Relief map of North America, showing animal distribution. 
 
 Political map of Virginia, showing latitude and longitude, counties, 
 principal rivers, mountains, cities and railroads. 
 
 Soil map of county. 
 
 Spelling- 
 Spelling contests between representatives of the high school depart- 
 ments. 
 
 Spelling contests between representatives of the grammar school de- 
 partments. 
 
 Oi-ations 
 
 Prizes for the best oration. Subject selected by the School Fair Com- 
 mittee. 
 
 Declamations and I{ecitatif>n 
 
 Prizes offered for the best declamation and best recitation. Bach school 
 sending one representative. 
 
 AGRICULTURE 
 
 Largest yield of corn to acre. 
 
 Largest yield of corn on half-acre — one-half sub-soil with dynamite the 
 other half with plow. 
 
 Best ten ears of corn grown on acre. 
 Best ten ears of corn grown on 1-16 of acre. 
 Best single ear of corn. 
 
 Best stalk of corn with two ears, not more than four feet from ground. 
 
 21 
 
For best written report on growing corn. 
 
 Largest net profit as sliown by written report on growing corn. 
 Largest yield of corn on MG of an acre. 
 Best yield of tomatoes from 1-10 acre. 
 
 Best display of canned tomatoes, the tomatoes raised by pupil on 1-10 
 ^^ 
 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Irish potatoes. 
 Black-eyed peas. 
 Soja beans. 
 
 Pop-Corn — 100 hills— exhibit of 10 ears. 
 Eearly red Valentine snap beans. 
 
 Exhibit of the largest pumpkin raised from one hill. 
 Collection of four vegetables. 
 
 FLOWERS AND NATURE STUDY 
 
 Ferns. 
 
 Asparagus Ferns. 
 
 Dozen cut Chrysanthemums. 
 
 Potted Chrysanthemums — bush 
 
 Collection of cut Dahlias. 
 Collection of pressed Raves of na- 
 tive trees; county. 
 
 Collection of native wild flowers. 
 Potter Chrysanthemums with largest Record of migratory birds of the 
 
 flowers. county. 
 
 Flowering Geranium, potted. 
 
 DOMESTIC SCIENCE 
 
 Pound of butter. 
 
 Breads. 
 
 Loaf of yeast bread. 
 Loaf of salt-rising bread, 
 Half-dozen soda biscuits. 
 Half-dozen baking powder biscuits, 
 Half-dozen beaten biscuits. 
 Half-dozen plain rolls. 
 Half-dozen French rolls. 
 Half-dozen corn pones. 
 Half-dozen corn-meal muffins. 
 
 Cakes 
 
 Cup cake, 
 Pound cake, 
 Layer cake, 
 Sugar cookies, 
 Ginger snaps, 
 Ginger bread (soft). 
 
 Canned Goods 
 
 Tomatoes, Pears, 
 
 Snap beans, Peaches, 
 
 Butter-beans, Blackberries, 
 
 Corn, Apples. 
 
 Quince, 
 Blackberry, 
 Grape, 
 Currant, 
 
 Pears, 
 
 Peaches, 
 
 Cherry, 
 
 Jellies 
 
 Apple, 
 
 Cherry, 
 
 Plum. 
 
 Preserves 
 
 Strawberry, 
 Blackberry, 
 Plum. 
 
 Pickle. 
 
 Cucumber (sweet and sour). 
 Pear, Tomato, 
 
 Peach, Mixed. 
 
 Candy. 
 
 Peppermint, 
 Nut candy. 
 
 Chocolate, 
 Cocoanut, 
 
 Meats 
 
 Fried chicken. 
 
 Roast beef, about four pounds, 
 
 Roast lamb, about four pounds. 
 
 Pie 
 
 Two-crust pie of any Kind. 
 Graded Sweet Potato Pudding. 
 
 22 
 
DOMESTIC ART 
 
 Machine-made shirt-waist. 
 Hand-embroidered, hand-made shirt- 
 waist. 
 Rag rug. 
 
 Drawn work bureau scarf. 
 Sofa pillow cover. 
 Hand-made Jabot. 
 Three button-holes in cotton cloth. 
 Darned hose. 
 
 Patch on striped material. 
 Hand-made, housework apron. 
 
 Doll bed outlit. 
 
 Dressed doll. 
 
 Hemstitched handkerchief. 
 
 Hand-made patchwork Crlico 
 
 quilt. 
 Embroidered center piece. 
 Yard of crocheted lace. 
 Embroidered belt and collar. 
 Hand-made corset cover. 
 Crocheted collar and Jabot. 
 
 bed 
 
 MANUAL TRAINING 
 
 Plain mission book shelves. 
 
 Axe handle. 
 
 Farm rake. 
 
 Shop-made hoe. 
 
 Shuck door-mat. 
 
 Picture-frame — containing picture 
 
 of own selection. 
 White oak split basket. 
 Willow lunch basket. 
 Ladies' work basket of broom sed 
 
 corn splits or corn shucks. 
 Short-handle broom. 
 Long-handle broom. 
 Kitchen table. 
 Hat tree. 
 Bracket shelf. 
 Ironing board. 
 Plank drag. 
 Wagon jack. 
 Corn shocker. 
 
 Flower stand. 
 
 Coat hanger. 
 
 ^Medicine cabinet. 
 
 Window board. 
 
 Dish drainer. 
 
 Set of utensils — butter paddle, po- 
 tato masher and rolling pin. 
 
 Wooden sled. 
 
 Rabbit trap. 
 ?e,^liniature bedstead. 
 
 ^Miniature boat. 
 
 Bird box. 
 
 Hatchet handle. 
 
 Book case. 
 
 Writing table. 
 
 Miniature wagon. 
 
 Split-bottom chair. 
 
 Miniature set of garden tools — rake, 
 spade, hoe and pick. 
 
 ATHLETICS 
 
 lUO-yard dash. 
 220-yard dash. 
 4 4 0-yard dash. 
 880-yard dash. 
 Hurdles. 
 Running 
 Standing 
 Running 
 Standing 
 
 high jump, 
 high jump, 
 broad jump, 
 broad jump. 
 
 Throwing baseball. 
 Shot-put. 
 Shoe race. 
 Potato race. 
 Three-legged race. 
 Pole vault. 
 Relay race. 
 Pickaback race. 
 
 23 
 
GENERAL. RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING, IN ALL DE- 
 PARTMENTS, THE ANNUAIj exhibition OF THE 
 
 COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR, ADOPTED BY THE SCHOOL FAIR COM- 
 AHTTEE IN MEETING ASSEMBLED. 
 
 Directions should be carefully followed, for tlie rules will be 
 strictly enforced. 
 
 1. The 191 — Annual Exhibition of the • County School Fair 
 
 will be held in at on . 
 
 2. Exhibits must be sent prepaid, to , Va., between the 
 
 morning of and the evening of (date should be 
 
 third and second days before the Fair). No exhibit will be received after 
 
 3. Exhibits will be judged by expert judges, unacquainted with tlie 
 
 school pupils, on when no one but the officials and judges will 
 
 be admitted to the Exhibition Hall. This rule is for the purpose of securing 
 competent, undisturbed and impartial judging. 
 
 4. No article that has ever been exhibited at a County 
 
 School Fair may be sent in the second time for exhibition in any depart- 
 ment. 
 
 5. A"o article ivill be accepted unless competitor^ sends in a written re- 
 port, where a report is required. 
 
 6. A copy of the proper score card as given in catalogue, with the valu- 
 ations left blank must be securely fastened by exhibitor to each article 
 sent in. 
 
 7. In estimating cost, the work of a pupil must be valued at 10 cents 
 per hour and the work of a horse at 5 cents per hour. 
 
 S. A standard of excellence will be fixed by the judges in the various 
 departments, and no work showing carelessness in preparation, even if there 
 is no competition, will be given the prize offered. The decision of the judges 
 shall be tinal. 
 
 * 9. Competitors are divided into three classes, to-wit: 
 
 Class A — Pupils from 7 to 10, inclusive. 
 
 Class B — Pupils from 11 to 13. inclusive. 
 
 Class C — Pupils from 14 to 20, inclusive. 
 Age is to be determined by actual age on day of School Fair. Pupils may 
 compete for prizes in any classes more advanced than those to ichich they 
 belong, but they cannot compete in classes less advanced. 
 
 10. Competitors must be pupils of school age in regular standing in 
 
 some school of the county of during the session of 191 — 191 — , or 
 
 the fall term of 191—. 
 
 Reports, compositions, or other papers must not show upon their face 
 by whom written, and articles must not show upon their face by whom pre- 
 pared, but each must be accompanied by a sealed envelope addressed to the 
 School Fair Committee containing exact form of the Entry Sheet given be- 
 low, fully filled out. 
 
 When the Committee receives the article and Entry Sheet they shall 
 enter the competitor's name on entry book kept for that purpose, under 
 the proper department, and shall give them a certain number. Different 
 numbers shall be given for each entry. The Committee shall then fill out 
 
 a duplicate tag which shall give Exhibitor's No. , Department , 
 
 Class , Entry . One part of this duplicate tag shall be fast- 
 ened to the article, and the other part shall be isisued to the exhibitor to 
 be held by him as a receipt. At the close of the Fair the exhibitor shall 
 present the tag to the Committee in charge and receive his entry. 
 
 For further informafton, apply to Division Superintendent or other 
 members of School Fair Committee. 
 
 * There should be at least three classes. Where the schools are graded, 
 it is often advisable to have as many classes as there are grades. 
 
 24 
 
Entry Sheet 
 
 COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR PRIZE COMPETITION DEPARTMENT 
 
 Department Class 
 
 To the County School Fair Committee: 
 
 I desire to enter the accompanying article for tlie prize offered the pub- 
 lic school pupils of this county for the best in Class . 
 
 I certify, upon my honor, that I have received no assistance in the 
 
 preparation of this except so far as expressly permitted by 
 
 the printed rules given in the County School Fair Catalogue of 
 
 191 — , and that it has never been exhibited at a former County 
 
 School Fair. 
 
 ( Signature ) 
 
 (Age) 
 
 (School) 
 
 ( School District ) 
 
 Teacher, 
 
 I hereby certify that , whose name is signed to the Entry 
 
 Sheet above, was a pupil in regular standing in School, in 
 
 ■ District, of which I am teacher, during the school term 
 
 of : is years of age; and that the which he 
 
 is entering was prepared, to the best of my knowledge, by him without 
 assistance, except so far as expressly permitted by the printed rules given 
 
 in the County School Fair Catalogue of 191 — , and that it has 
 
 never been exhibited at a former County School Fair. 
 
 Given under my hand this day of , 191 — . 
 
 Teacher of 
 
 School. 
 
 25 
 
Instructions for Preparing County School 
 
 Fair Work 
 
 LITERARY WORK 
 
 In this Department, information and oral instruction from others may 
 be received only in practice work. The work offered in competition must 
 be original, and must be done without assistance, except as stated above. 
 
 Original Compositions and Letters. 
 
 All compositions must be in the pupil's own language, written with ink 
 on one side only of single letter-sheet size paper (about 8x10 inches). The 
 sheets must be fastened together securely at the top and left unfolded. 
 
 Kodak illustrations called for need not be work of competitor, but must 
 photograph the real conditions before and after improvement of subject of 
 photograph. 
 
 Letters must be in the pupil's own language, written with ink on cor- 
 rect size and style of paper for social correspondence, and must be properly 
 folded and enclosed in an envelope, correctly addressed, and signed with 
 the fictitious names selected by competitor. 
 
 Score Card For Compositions and Letters. 
 
 Spelling, neatness and penmanship 20 points 
 
 Correct form 50 points 
 
 Originality of thought and style of expression 30 points 
 
 100 points 
 The length of compositions must be within the following limits: 
 Class C — Not less than .500 nor more than 1,000 words. 
 Class B — Not less than 300 nor more than 600 words. 
 Class A — Not less than 100 nor more than 200 words. 
 
 Score Card for Compositions Requiring Kodak Ielustrations. 
 
 Improvement shown by kodak illustrations 50 points 
 
 Spelling, neatness and penmanship 15 points 
 
 Correct form 20 points 
 
 Originality of thought and style of expression 15 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 SUGGESTIONS AS TO SOME OF THE SIKJECTS FOR ORIGINAL 
 
 COMPOSITIONS, 
 
 These Suggestions Are Not Conditions of the Contest 
 
 **The Native Trees of County," etc. 
 
 Consider the cultivation of forest trees as a profitable crop, through 
 judicious cutting and re-planting, and their preservation from their enemies. 
 Read about the "Black Forest" of Germany. 
 
 26 
 
"Hou We lieautifieil Our Scliool (jirouiuls," etc. 
 
 lu planning the work of improving sthool grounds, attention is called 
 to the decorative value of the native wild llowers, ferns, vines, shrubs and 
 trees. The best of the flowers bloom during the spring and fall school 
 terms. When once rooted and at home, they will bloom on year after year 
 with the minimum of care. Beginning with the trailing arbutus, bluets and 
 violets of early spring, our woods and fields and swamps yield a continuous 
 crop of beautiiul things — dogwood and pink honeysuckle, mountain ivy, the 
 Indian pink daisy, buttercup, snap-dragon, columbine and golden-rod, wild 
 roses and asters, sumac, Scotch broom, Virginia creeper, and scores of 
 others — some suited to every soil and location. Skilfully transplanted, artis- 
 tically arranged and kindly protected, they make hedges and borders that 
 would transform the most barren school grounds into a place of rare 
 beauty. 
 
 Add to your school library "How to Know the Wild Flowers"' and "How- 
 to Know the Ferns." 
 
 "Across Our Country in a Pullman Car." 
 
 Tell the interesting incidents of your trip and describe the country 
 passed through on an imaginary journey, by a real railroad route, from 
 Norfolk, Va., to San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 "Lecture From Family Doctor," etc. 
 
 Imagine what your doctor, an up-to-date physician, would tell you to do 
 in order to be as neat as the neatest person you ever saw, and in order to 
 keep your body and surroundings in condition to prevent disease — colds in 
 the head and throat, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, etc., etc. 
 
 DliAWING 
 
 In competition for prizes offered for Best Drawing of Farm House and 
 Out-BuilcUngs, each competitor must: 
 
 1. Send in for exhibition the following drawings, made upon cross-sec- 
 tion paper, SxS to one inch, which can be bought of any stationer. Draw- 
 ings must show points of compass — the top north. 
 
 (a) Drawing to scale of 1-16-inch to foot, showing general lay-out of 
 residence and buildings with relation to each other. 
 
 (b) Drawing, to scale of 1-4-inch to foot, showing detail floor plan for 
 residence and out-buildings. 
 
 (c) Drawing, to scale of 1-4-inch to foot, showing front elevation of 
 residence and out-buildings. 
 
 2. Send in written report, giving detailed description of buildings 
 planned, and recommending proper arrangements for ridding the place, out- 
 side and in, of flies and mosciuitoes. 
 
 Score Car» fob Drawing 
 
 Relation of out-houses to residence and to each other 15 points 
 
 Relation of rooms, porches and out-buildings to point of compass, 20 points 
 
 Architectural beauty 15 points 
 
 Economy of space 15 points 
 
 Convenience 20 points 
 
 Written report 15 points 
 
 100 points 
 
3L1PS 
 
 Soil Map of County 
 
 Each competitor must: 
 
 1. Send in a soil map of county, made to a scale of 1-2-inch 
 
 to a mile, with colored crayons. 
 
 2. Draw parallels and meridians and mark county boundaries. 
 
 3. Put in water courses, cities, towns and railroads. 
 
 The information necessary may be gotten from "Soil Survey of 
 
 county, Virginia," published by the United States Agricultural Department. 
 
 Political Map of Virginia 
 
 Each competitor must: 
 
 Send in, for exhioition, a map of Virginia, drawn on paper ^2x28 inches, 
 the counties done in colored; crayons, showing latitude and longitude, prin-. 
 cipal rivers, mountains, cities, railroads and congressional districts. 
 
 Physical Map of North America 
 
 Each competitor must: 
 
 Send in, for extiibition, a map of North America, drawn on regulation, 
 S 1-2x11 1-2-inch, drawing paper. 
 
 Use a soft, black lead pencil, modeling the map so as to sliow the prin- 
 cipal mountain ranges, plateaux, and the slope of the land to the main 
 water courses. 
 
 Map of United States 
 
 Each competitor must: 
 
 Send in, for exhibition, a map of United States, with States colored 
 with crayons, showing latitude, longitude, principal rivers, capitals and 
 chief cities, principal crops and animals. 
 
 Score Card of Maps 
 
 100 points 
 
 SPELLING 
 
 Two spelling contests will be held on the day of the fair. Pupils from 
 7 to 13, inclusive (Classes A and B), shall compete in one contest, and those 
 from 14 to 20, inclusive (Class C), shall compete in the other. Each school 
 shall be entitled to send one representative for each contest, same to be 
 chosen by a preliminary competitive contest. 
 
 The words given out to Classes A and B -for the first half -hour will be 
 taken from Sheppes Primary Speller; thereafter, from a specially prepared 
 list of difficult words. 
 
 The words given out to Class C will be, for the first half-hour, taken 
 from Sheppes Advanced Speller, or Payne's "vVords Difficult to Spell: there- 
 after, from a list specially prepared of difficult words. 
 
 Pupils not in place when their respective classes begin will not be 
 allowed to compete. 
 
 38 
 
DECLAMATION 
 
 A Declamation contest will be held on the night of the fair. Each school 
 will be entitled to one representative, same to be selected by preliminary 
 competitive contest. Time limit for each declamation shall be not less than 
 three nor more than ten mintues. 
 
 AGRICULTURE 
 
 In those counties that have farm demonstrators the work of the agri- 
 cultural department of the school fair is usually under their direction. The 
 pupils competing for the various prizes offered in this department should 
 seek advice from them. 
 
 Soil, climate and other conditions vary so much in different sections 
 of Virginia that it would not be wise to give general rules for raising vari- 
 ous crops for the whole State. If there is no demonstrator the contestants 
 should consult the most successful farmers in their neighborhood, and write 
 to the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, and State Demon- 
 strator, T. O. Sandy, Eurkeville, Va., for bulletins and further advice. 
 
 As the Eoys' Corn Club work is so general throughout the State we 
 give below the regulations the boy should follow in this contest and some 
 suggestions for raising good corn. 
 
 The IMan for School Boys' Corn Clubs Given by T. O. Handy, State 
 Agent for Farmers' Co-oi)erative l)eill<)n.str^ltion Work. 
 
 A measured acre, four thousand eight hundred and forty square yards, 
 is the standard, nothing more or less. Each boy is required to do the work 
 himself, and to keep an accurate account of expenses. Figure actual cost 
 of fertilizer at market price. The use of a horse at the rate of one dollar 
 per day or 10 cents an hour and the boy's work at the rate of 50 cents a 
 day, or 5 cents an hour. After harvest, a written statement must be given 
 of how the crop was grown. The corn must be measured, not weighed. 
 This must be oone by two disinterested and intelligent parties and an affi- 
 davit made and signed before a notary or justice and sent to the Local or 
 District Agent, of the Farmers' Co-operative Demonstration Work in charge 
 of said county or District Superintendent. The certificate of measurement 
 of the land and of the corn must be accompanied by the crop report. 
 
 The following method is advised. Good: deep plowing (subsoil red clay 
 land, if possible. On well-drained, loamy land subsoiling is not necessary). 
 When manure can be had use broadcast, from ten to twelve two-horse 
 wagon loads to the acre, which should be thoroughly worked into the soil, 
 preferably by discing. 
 
 To meet conditions, any of the following fertilizers and amounts may 
 be used. 
 
 (1) 500 pounds pure raw bone to the acre. 
 
 (2) 250 potmds of pure raw bone and 350 pounds of IG per cent, acid 
 phosphate to the acre. 
 
 (3> 700 poimds of 16 per cent, phosphate to the acre. 
 
 Note — Where there has been no manure used or ciover fallow, a com- 
 plete fertilizer, 8 3 3 goods, 500 lbs. per acre is recommended. 
 
 A deep, fine seed bed is urged. Good seed corn must be secured. Rows 
 must be laid off three feet and ten inches apart. The distance in the step 
 must depend upon the strength of the land. 
 
 Corn should be worked level and shallow\ Cutivators must run every 
 ten days, also after each rain, to keep a dust mulch on the land. The culti- 
 vation must continue until earing time. 
 
 Note — Additional amount of fertilizer can be used if desired. 
 
 29 
 
A suggestion, but not a requirement, is to use 1,000 or 1,500 pounds of 
 agricultural lime to the acre. This should be applied broadcast, and harrowed 
 in lightly, as early as possible after the land is plowed. If lime has been 
 used, manure or fertilizer should not be applied under ten days after. Fall 
 and winter plowing is highly recommended. 
 
 COXDITIONS l^OR CORX COXTEST. 
 
 Cultivate, unaided, one acre (4,840 square yards), no more or less in 
 corn. 1st — Use pure seed corn for planting; 2nd — Send in, for exhibition, 
 ten ears raised on the acre, selecting carefully the ears which will count 
 highest according to score card given below\ The largest ears are not 
 always the best. 3rd — Prepare corn for exhibition by removing all shucks, 
 silk and the stem from the ear, being careful not in any way to mutilate 
 the ear itself. Bad grains must not be removed. The ears must be care- 
 fully handled that no grains be knocked off. In judging, all missing grains 
 will be regarded as mixed or bad grains, and count against exhibitor. Wrap 
 each ear in paper or other protection and pack firmly for transportation to 
 the exhibition hall. 4th — Send in a written report covering the following 
 points: 
 
 (a) The kind of soil in which seed was planted. 
 
 (b) Planting — Date, number of seed planted in the hill, distance be- 
 tween the hills, distance between the rows. 
 
 (c) Cultivation — How often cultivated and with what tools. 
 
 (d) Yield and Value of Crop — (1) Number of bushels of shucked corn, 
 value of same; (2) Quality and value of feed produced (fodder and 
 shucks). 
 
 (e) Expense in raising the Corn — (1) Cost of seed; (2) Value of work 
 by competitor, charging 50 cents per day or five cents per hour for his 
 work; (3) Cost of work of horse to raise the crop, allowing $1 per day or 
 10 cents per hour; (4) All other expense; (5) Amount of loss or gain in 
 raising the crop, allowing the prevailing market price for corn and fodder. 
 
 (/) State what learned by competitor in raising crop. 
 
 In Awarding Prizes The Following Basis Shall Be Used 
 
 (a) Greatest yield per acre value 30 points 
 
 (ft) Best exhibit of ten ears value 20 points 
 
 (c) Best written report value 20 points 
 
 (d) Best showing of profit on investment value 30 points 
 
 Score Carj) for Ears Exhibited 
 
 Name uf Variety 
 
 Uniformity of ears in size and shape, indentation, and color 
 
 of grain, and in color of cob value 10 points 
 
 Shape of ears value 10 points 
 
 Color of cob and grain value 10 points 
 
 Market condition value 10 points 
 
 Tips of ears value 5 points 
 
 Butts of ears value 5 points 
 
 Uniformity and shape of grain value 10 points 
 
 Space between grains value 5 points 
 
 Weight value 15 points 
 
 Written report value 20 points 
 
 Suggestions for Raising Corn 
 
 Work often enough to keep down weeds and grass and keep soil from 
 packing. 
 
 30 
 
Cultivate as soon after a rain as the ground is workable, to keep the 
 moisture from escaping. Depth and frequency of cultivation should vary 
 with the seasons. The deepest cultivation should be done at first when 
 there are few roots to be injured. Cultivation should become shallower 
 and less frequent as the season advances. It is desirable for the plant to 
 develop as many surface feeding roots as possible. 
 
 FLOWERS AND NATURE STUDY 
 
 Perns 
 
 All competitors for prizes offered for ferns, or cut or growing flowers 
 must send in report describing method of culture, except those in Class A. 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Fern or Best Asparagus Fern 
 must send in for exhibition one potted fern. The two classes will be judged 
 separately. 
 
 ScoKE Card for Perns 
 
 Number of good fronds (Fern), or 
 
 Number of good tendrils (Asparagus Fern ) 60 points 
 
 Relation of size of Fern to size of pot 30 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Cut Chrysanthemuin.s 
 
 Each competitor for prize for Best Dozen Cut Chrysanthemums must 
 send in one dozen Chrysanthemums, all of the same variety. 
 
 Score Card for Chrysanthemums 
 
 Perfection and size of flowers 50 points 
 
 Perfection and development of foliage 20 points 
 
 Length of stem 20 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Dahlias 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Dozen Cut Dahlias must 
 send in one dozen cut dahlias of different varieties. 
 
 Score Card for Dahlias 
 
 Variety 30 points 
 
 Quality and condition of flowers 60 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Potted Chrysanthemums — Bush Form 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Potted Chrysanthemum — 
 Bush Form., must send in one potted Chrysanthemum, with sufficient num- 
 ber of well-formed blossoms to make the plant desirable for the yard. 
 
 31 
 
ScoKE Card fob Brsii Chrysanthemums 
 
 Perfection and number of well-developed flowers 50 points 
 
 Perfection and development of foliage 20 points 
 
 Relation of size of plant to size of pot 20 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Potted Chrysaiitheniuins — Largest Flowers 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Potted Chrysanthemums, ivith 
 Largest Floucrs, must send in one plant with not less than three large 
 flowers. 
 
 Score Caru for Larcje Flowered Potted Chrysaxtfiemum 
 
 Size, number and perfection of flowers 50 points 
 
 Length of stem and perfection of foliage 20 points 
 
 Relation of size of plant to size of jar 20 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Potted Geraniiiins 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Potted Geranium must send 
 in, for exhibition, one potted Geranium, with either single or double flowers, 
 any color. 
 
 Score Card for Geraniums 
 
 Perfection of foliage 40 points 
 
 Number, quality and condition of flowers 40 points 
 
 Relation of plant to size of pot 10 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Pressed Native AA'ild Flowers 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Collection of Pressed Native 
 Wild Floivers must send in, for exhibition, a collection for Pressed Native 
 Wild Flowers. Each specimen must be mounted on cardboard, 6x8 inches, 
 by pasting flap with tips of mucilage, the stems held in place by firmly 
 pasted strips of paper, and must be accompanied by a written description 
 of the root, stem, leaves and blossom, and a statement giving the common 
 name by which known and telling when and where found. 
 
 Competitor must also send in a written recommendation as to the best 
 method for saving our choice wild flowers from extinction by ruthless gath- 
 ering, etc., as for example: trailing arbutus. 
 
 Score Card for Pressed Wild Flow^ers 
 
 Number of correctly-named specimens 40 points 
 
 Perfection of specimens 20 points 
 
 Manner of mounting 20 points 
 
 Written Work 20 points 
 
 100 points 
 32 
 
Pressed Leaves 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Collection of Pressed Leaves 
 from Native Trees must send in a collection of leaves, in which there shall 
 be no two from the same variety of tree. Leaves from shrubs must not be 
 included. The collection must be accompanied by a written statement 
 attached to each specimen, giving name of tree and stating where and on 
 what kind of land it grows best. 
 
 Score Card kok Pressed Leaves 
 
 Number of correctly-named specimens 40 points 
 
 Perfection of specimens 20 points 
 
 Manner of mounting 20 points 
 
 Written work 20 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Record of Migratory Birds 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Record of Migratory Birds 
 of County must begin in February to keep a record of the migratory birds 
 observed by him at his station, according to the form required by the 
 "migration schedule" prepared by the Bureau of Biological Survey of the 
 United States Department of Agriculture, a copy of which will be fur- 
 nished by the Department to every teacher in county. Pupils must 
 
 observe and record the birds seen from day to day until the close of the 
 spring migration, in June. 
 
 All who have made creditable observations and records, sliould, on or 
 before ihe 1.5th day of July, apply to the Division Superintendent for a 
 migration schedule upon which to transfer their record. Tlie Department, 
 at Washington, has promised to furnisli blank forms for good records, with 
 the understanding that the records are to be sent to the School Fair, and 
 from thence sent back to the Department for use there. 
 
 Score Card for Making Schedules 
 
 Variety of birds observed 50 points 
 
 Accuracy of record 50 points 
 
 100 points 
 The most difficult part of this work is to identify the birds correctly — 
 to distinguish between knoiving a bird and guessing at its name. The win- 
 ter is the best time for laying this foundation. Tlie number of species then 
 present is not great andi m-ost of them, except the small brown sparrows, 
 are so very different in looks that there should not be much trouble in 
 identifying them or in making out a description sufficiently accurate to 
 allow of its recognition by any one who is acquainted with the common 
 birds. 
 
 When tlie winter birds are known, one can deal intelligently with the 
 other species as they arrive in the spring. 
 
 For identification. Chapman's "Bird Life" is recommended. It is pub- 
 lished by D. Appleton & Co.. New York City, for $2, and will make a valu- 
 able addition to anv school library. 
 
 33 
 
DOMESTIC SCIENCE 
 
 In this Department, assistance may be received only in practice work. 
 The article exhibited must be the product of exhibitor's unaided effort. 
 Sealed envelope containing entry sheet should be tied to jars or cans of 
 good^, or to the cakes and pies, etc., then they will be removed and a 
 duplicate given. 
 
 Pound of Butter 
 
 In competition for prizes offered for Best Pound of Butter, each com- 
 petitor must — 
 
 1. Send in, for exhibition, one pound of fresh butter, not more than 
 four days old, printed, or shaped in a round ball, and wrapped in a clean, 
 damp, white cloth, or damp butter-paper with a label stating date of churn- 
 ing. The milk must be from one cow only. 
 
 2. Send in report covering the following points: 
 
 (a) Date of churning for exhibition butter. 
 
 (b) Breed of cow from which butter was made, description of her stall 
 or stable, with especial reference to cleanliness — the bedding used, food, 
 health. 
 
 (c) The number of milkings, and quantity of milk obtained, for com- 
 petitor's butter making; when milked, and how much butter obtained there- 
 from. 
 
 {(l) Process of making the butter — whether milk or cream was churned. 
 If cream, whether from deep or shallow setting, or from separator. 
 
 (e) How old and in what condition milk or cream when churned. 
 
 if) How milk or cream cared for — where, and in what kind of vessels 
 kept— how strained — temperature at which churned. 
 
 (g) Vessels and utensile used for working and churning. 
 
 (h) How butter worked and salted, and amount of salt used to pound 
 of butter. 
 
 (i) How milk and butter utensils cared for and kept clean. 
 
 (j) Value of milk used. 
 
 (fc) Number and value of hours of labor spent in making butter. 
 
 (I) Estimated number of pounds of butter which might have been made 
 with the same labor. 
 
 (m) Total cost of butter. 
 
 (n) Total market value of butter. 
 
 Score Carh for Bitter. 
 
 Taste 25 points 
 
 Grain and keeping qualities 25 points 
 
 Color 15 points 
 
 Firmness and form of roll 15 points 
 
 Manner in which prepared for exhibition 10 points 
 
 Written report K) points 
 
 100 points 
 
 SUGGESTIOXS FOR MaKIXG GOOD Bl TTER. 
 
 The cow must be healthy and her surroundings clean and well kept. 
 Milk should be strained twice, using clean, damp cloths. 
 
 The utmost care must be given to keeping clean the place where milk 
 and butter are kept, as well as all utensils and other things used in 
 
 34 
 
foniiection therewith. The best test of cleanliness is absence of disagree- 
 able odors. 
 
 Milk utensils should be first rinsed in cold water, then washed in 
 hot suds or soda water, rinsed in hot water, and, when possible, sunned. 
 
 Wooden bowls and iiaddles are best for butter-making. These, and the 
 churn, should, before using, be scalded and then chilled with cold water. 
 
 Cream which is to be churned should be kept near the temperature 
 of spring water (from .52 to 60 degrees P.). Milk may be warmer. MilK 
 thermometers may be obtained at small cost (about 13 cents) from almost 
 any large department store. 
 
 Wash butter fiuickly through two waters, weigh and add one ounce 
 of salt to each pound; work slightly and let stand from six to twenty- 
 four hours, then work out all the water. 
 
 Write to Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, for Farmers' 
 Bulletins Nos. .57 and 63, giving valuable information about butter-making. 
 
 Biea<l 
 
 In competition for prizes offered for Best Loaf of Bread, each competi- 
 tor must — 
 
 1. Exhibit a loaf of bread made in accordance with the following speci- 
 fications: 
 
 (a) The materials used must be — 
 
 For yeast bread: White flour, granulated sugar, firm white lard, 
 
 yeast, salt, water. 
 For salt-rising bread. The ingredients called: for by your recipe. 
 ( h ) The bread must be baked the day before it is sent to the Fair for 
 exhibition. (Several loaves may be made and the best selected.) 
 
 2. Send in written report covering the following points: 
 (a) Brand of flour used. 
 
 (h) Kind of yeast used in yeast bread. 
 
 (c) The amount and cost of each of the materials used. 
 
 (fl) How mixed and set to rise — number of times set to rise before 
 liaking. for how long and at about what temi)ei"ature. 
 
 (e) Baking of loaf — time, and at about what temperature of oven. 
 
 (/) Care aftei- baking. 
 
 (jii Number of hours of lalor consumed in making and caring for 
 loaf. 
 
 (7?) Value of labor per hour. 
 
 (i) Total cost of loaf. 
 
 (/) Estimated number of loaves which could l)e made in the time con- 
 sumed in making one. 
 
 (k) Recipe used in making salt-rising bread. 
 
 ScoKE Card for Eke ad. 
 
 Flavor, taste, odor 40 i)oints 
 
 Texture of crumb: Lightness, doughiness, (olor, moisture 35 points 
 
 Texture of crust : Color, hardness 10 points 
 
 Form of loaf 5 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 liMt points 
 Stt.gksttoxs for M.mcixo Cioon Ye.\st Bread. 
 
 Good yeast is essential. 
 
 Bread should rise three times — 
 
 First rising — the batter, using one-third of the flour. 
 
 Second rising — the dough, working in the rest of the flour. 
 
 Third — the loaves before they are baked. 
 
All measurements must be level. Heap the material up, being careful 
 not to pack, and then push off all above the top of the measure. 
 
 Yeast thrives best in an even temperature of from 70 degrees to 90 
 dQgrees — never warmer than new milk. Cold numbs the yeast so that 
 it does not rise well. Hot water, or too hot a place by the stove, kills the 
 yeast. 
 
 Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 112 and 249, giving much helpful information 
 about bread making, may be obtained by writing to the Department of 
 Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Soda Biscuit 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Soda Biscuit must send 
 in for exhibition six soda biscuits made and baked by herself. 
 
 Score Card for Soda Biscuit. 
 
 Lightness ^5 pomts 
 
 Baking ^5 points 
 
 Taste 1^5 points 
 
 Appearance ^5 points 
 
 100 paints 
 
 Suggestions for Making Good Soda Biscuits. 
 (From Harrisonhurg Norjtial School Bulletin.) 
 
 One quart flour, one teaspoon soda, two teaspoons salt, two to luree 
 tablespoons lard, about one and one-half cups buttermilk. 
 
 Mix as for baking powder biscuit, except that the dough is a little 
 stiffer and is made a little smoother. Roll one-quarter to three-eighths 
 inches thick. Cut, and bake in a hot oven. 
 
 When a biscuit looks yellow and smells of soda lessen the quantity 
 at the next making. 
 
 Sometimes a teaspoon of baking powder is used in soda biscuit, but 
 this is not necessary when the soda is good. 
 
 Soda bought in packages seems to be better than that which is "loose." 
 
 Pie 
 
 Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Pie of Any Kind must 
 send in a written report covering the following points: 
 (a) Brand of flour and kind of shortening used. 
 (&) Quantity and cost of each of the materials used. 
 
 (c) Method of mixing and cooking pastry and filling. 
 
 (d) Care after cooking. 
 
 (e) Time spent and its value, per hour. 
 
 (f) Estimated number of pies which could be made in time consumed 
 in making one. 
 
 (g) Total cost of pie. 
 
 Score Card for Pie. 
 
 Crispness and flakiness of pastry 50 points 
 
 Appearance 15 points 
 
 Flavor and consistency of filling 25 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 36 
 
Cakes 
 
 Each competitor tor the prizes offered for Best Pound Cake must ex- 
 hibit a cake made in accordance with the following specifications: 
 
 (n) The materials must be: Butter, granulated sugar, eggs, white flour 
 and flavoring. 
 
 (b) The cake must be baked the day before it is sent to the School 
 Fair for exhibition and must not be iced. 
 
 Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Cup Cake must exhibit 
 a cake made in accordance with the following specifications: 
 
 (ft) The loaf must be baked in a half-pound cake mould. 
 
 (b) The materails must be: Butter, granulated sugar, eggs, milk, white 
 flour, baking powder and flavoring. 
 
 (c) The cake must be baked the day before it is sent to the School 
 Fair for exhibition and must not be iced. 
 
 All exhibitors in the cake competition, except in Class A, must send 
 in a written report covering the following points: 
 ((/) Brand of flour used. 
 (h) Brand of baking powder used, 
 (c) Brand of flavoring used. 
 
 id) Amount and cost of each of the materials used in making the cake, 
 (e) How the materials are prepared for mixing and how mixed. 
 (/) How the mould is prepared before the cake batter is put in it. 
 (g) Baking of cake — time and at what temperature of oven. 
 (h) Care after baking. 
 
 (i> Time consumed in making and baking. 
 (j) Value of labor per hour. 
 (k) Total cost of cake. 
 (I) In cup cake contest state brand of baking powder used. 
 
 Score C.\Rn for .Jttdging C.\ke. 
 
 Flavor, taste, odor :!0 points 
 
 Texture of crumb: Lightness, porousness, color, moisture 30 points 
 
 Texture of crust: Color, hardness 15 points 
 
 Appearance of cake: Shape, unbroken surface 15 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Suggestions for Making Goon Cake. 
 
 Butter must be sweet and flrm; sugar must be fine granulated; eggs 
 must be fresh: flour must be white and dry; milK must be sweet. 
 
 All measurements must be level. Heap the material up, being care- 
 ful not to pack, and then push off all above the top of the measure. 
 
 Canned Fruits 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for the Best Can of Fruit must — 
 
 1. Send in for exhibition one-quart glass jar of canned fruit. Peaches 
 canned with the seed will not be accepted. 
 
 2. Send in written report covering the following points: 
 
 (a) Itemized statement of quantity and value of material used. 
 (h) Vessels and appliances used in canning. 
 (c) Preparation of fruit. 
 ((/) Method of canning. 
 
 (e) Number and value of hours of labor spent. 
 
 (f) Estimated number of cans of fruit which might have been canned 
 with same labor. 
 
 (g) Total cost. 
 
 .37 
 
Score Card iok Caxnkd Pkaciiks and Pears. 
 
 Condition of fruit 50 points 
 
 Clearness 2'» points 
 
 Appearance in jar '^0 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Jellies 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Glass Jelly must — 
 
 1. Send in, for exhibition, one glass of jelly, made by her, without as- 
 sistance. 
 
 2. Send in a written report covering the following points: 
 
 (a) Quantity of sugar to pound of fruit. 
 
 (b) Kind of vessel in which made. 
 
 (c) Length of time cooked. 
 
 (d) Method of preparation of fruit. 
 
 (e) Value and quantity of materials. 
 
 (/) Number and value of hours of labor spent. 
 
 (g) Estimated number of glasses of jelly which might have been made 
 with same labor. 
 {h) Total cost. 
 
 Score Card for .Tklmes. 
 
 Consistency 3a points 
 
 Clearness 35 points 
 
 Flavor 20 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Preserves 
 
 Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Quart of Preserves 
 must — 
 
 1. Send in for exhibition one-quart glass jar of preserves, made with- 
 out assistance. 
 
 2. Send in a written report covering the following points: 
 
 (a) Quantity of sugar to pound of fruit. 
 
 (b) Kind of vessel in which made, 
 (c). Length of time cooked. 
 
 id) Method of preparation of fruit and syrup. 
 
 (e) Value of materials. 
 
 (f) Number of hours of labor, 
 (fir) Value of labor per hour. 
 ih) Total cost. 
 
 Score Card for Juhging Peach Preserves. 
 
 Firmness, tenderness and clearness of fruit 40 points 
 
 Consistency of syrup 25 points 
 
 Appearance of fruit in jar 15 points 
 
 Flavor 10 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 38 
 
Scoitic Caki) ioi{ Judging Stbawbekry Pkeskkves. 
 
 Firmness, tendei-ness and clearness of fruit 25 points 
 
 Consistency of syrup 20 poinis 
 
 Appearance in jar 25 points 
 
 Flavor 20 points 
 
 Written report lU points 
 
 100 po:nts 
 
 Pickles 
 
 Eachi competitor for tlie prizes offered for Best Quart of Pickle must — 
 
 1. Send in for extiibition one quart glass jar of pickle made by her 
 without assistance. 
 
 2. Send in a written report covering the following points: 
 
 (a) Quantity and kind of materials used. 
 
 (b) Kind of vessel in which made. 
 
 (c) Length of time cooked. 
 
 (d) Method of preparation of fruit or vegetable and syrup. 
 
 (e) Value of materials. 
 
 (/) Number of hours of labor. 
 ig) Value of labor per hour. 
 (h) Total cost. 
 
 ScoKK Card for Sweet and Sour Cucumber Pickle. 
 
 Cucumbers must be from 1 to 2 inches in length. 
 
 Flavor 50 points 
 
 Crispness 15 points 
 
 Appearance in jar 15 points 
 
 Color 10 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Score Card for Peach Pickle. 
 
 Flavor 50 points 
 
 Firmness and tenderness 15 points 
 
 Appearance in jar 15 points 
 
 Consistency of syrup 10 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 School Lunch 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best School Ltineh must send 
 in, for exhibition, a school lunch prepared for one person. 
 
 Score Card for School Luxch. 
 
 Selection of materials 20 points 
 
 Arrangement 20 points 
 
 General appearance 20 points 
 
 Quality 20 points 
 
 Quantity 20 points 
 
 , 100 points 
 
DOMESTIC ART 
 
 In this department, instruction and assistance may be received in prac- 
 tice work only, except where otherwise specifically provided, and the article 
 exhibited must be the product of the exhibitor's unaided effort. 
 
 (See General Rules and Regulations for form of certificate and other 
 conditions.) 
 
 Machine Made Shirtwaist 
 
 Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Machine-Made Shirt-Waist 
 must: 
 
 1. Send in, for exhibition, a machine-made, tailored shirt-waist or 
 blouse, of a size to fit herself, made of suitable white material and laun- 
 dered. All the work of making and laundering must be done by competitor, 
 unaided, except that advice and assistance in fitting may be obtained from 
 some one of experience. 
 
 2. Send in written report covering the following points: 
 (a) Name, quality and price of material used. 
 
 (&) Number and market value of hours of labor spent in making and 
 laundering waist. 
 
 (c) Total cost of waist. 
 
 id) How material was used. 
 
 (e) Process of laundering. 
 
 (/) How waist was folded. 
 
 (By writing to Proctor & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio, you can get a free 
 booklet on laundering.) 
 
 Score Card for MACHiNE-MAiOE Shirtwaist. 
 
 Selection of material 10 points 
 
 Making — 
 
 Buttonholes and buttons 1.5 points 
 
 Finishing seams 20 points 
 
 Cuffs and cuff placket 20 points 
 
 ( 55 points 
 
 Laundering 25 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 Hand-Made, Hand-Embroidered Shirtwai.st 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for the Best Hand-Made, Hand-Em- 
 hroidered Shirtwaist, must: 
 
 1. Send in, for exhibition, a hand-made shirtwaist or blouse, of a size 
 to fit herself, made of white material, suitable to be embroidered and laun- 
 dered. It must be trimmed with hand-embroidery. No other trimming per- 
 mitted, except a simple edge, where desired. Ail the work of making, em- 
 broidering and laundering must be done by competitor, unaided, except 
 that advice and assistance in fitting may be obtained from some one of ex- 
 perience. 
 
 2. Send in written report covering the following points: 
 (o) Name, quantity and price of material used. 
 
 (&) Number and market value of hours used in making, embroidering 
 and laundering waist, given separately, 
 fc) Total cost of waist. 
 
 40 • 
 
(d) Sewing and embroidery stitches used. 
 
 (e) How material was used. 
 (/) Process of laundering. 
 (ff) How waist was folded. 
 
 Score Card fob Hand-Made, Hand-Bmbroidrbed Shirtwaist. 
 
 Selection of material 10 points 
 
 Making — 
 
 Neatness of sewing 15 points 
 
 Regularity of stitches 10 points 
 
 Use of proper stitch 25 points 
 
 Embroidery 25 points 
 
 65 points 
 
 Design and general appearance 15 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Rag Rug 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Rag Rug must send in, for 
 exhibition, one rag rug, and a written report covering the following points: 
 
 1. Material used — land and quality. 
 
 2. Method of making. 
 
 3. Time consumed in making. 
 
 4. Value of material. 
 
 5. Number and value of hours of labor spent in making rug 
 
 6. Total cost. 
 
 Score Card for Rag Rug. 
 
 Durability 30 points 
 
 Beauty of design 30 points 
 
 Utilization of otherwise waste material 30 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Bureau Scarf 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Drawn Work Bureau Scarf 
 must send in, for exhibition, one white bureau scarf decorated only by 
 drawn work, and a written report covering the following points: 
 
 (a) Number of hours of labor spent in making scarf. 
 
 (b) Quantity of material used. 
 
 (c) Cost of material used. 
 
 (d) Total cost. 
 
 Sofa Pillow 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Sofa P-illou: Cover must send 
 in one sofa piiiow cover, 18x18 inches in size, com_pleted, ready for a pillow, 
 and a written report covering the following points: 
 
 (a) Kind of material used. 
 
 (b) Quantity of material used. 
 
 (c) Hours of labor consumed In making. 
 
 (d) Value of labor per hour. 
 
 (e) Total cost 
 
 41 
 
ScouK Caki) fok Burkau Scarf and Sofa Pillow. 
 
 Workmanship 25 points 
 
 Beauty of design 25 points 
 
 Relation of workmanship and beauty of design to cost in mate- 
 rials and labor 40 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 Hand-Made Jabot 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Hand-Made Jabot must send 
 in one jabot trimmed with crochet lace made oy competitor, and a written 
 report covering the following points: 
 
 (a) Material used — quantity and kind. 
 
 (&) Cost of material. 
 
 (c) Number and value of hours of labor consumed. 
 
 ((?) Total cost. 
 
 ScoRK Card i^or Haxd-Madf .Jabot. 
 
 Beauty of design o5 points 
 
 Workmanship 35 points 
 
 Relative value of workmanship and design to cost of labor and 
 
 material 20 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Button Holes 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Button Holes must send in 
 for exhibition a piece of bleached cotton, unlaundered, upon which has 
 been worked three button holes of the same size, and a written report 
 giving directions for making good button holes. 
 
 ScoBK Card for Bi'rrox Holes. 
 
 Shape oO points 
 
 Durability 30 points 
 
 Regularity of stitches 30 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Darned Hose 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Darned Hose must send in 
 for exhibition, a pair of hose in which two holes have been worn and 
 darned, with written directions for neat darning. 
 
 Score Card for Darning. 
 
 Regularity of stitches 45 points 
 
 Connection of stitches to hose 45 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 Patch 
 
 No. Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Patch on Striped 
 
 Material must send in a piece of striped cotton material which has been 
 patched. No written report required. 
 
 42 
 
ScouK Caki) lOK Patch 
 
 Matching stripes 4U points 
 
 Neatness of corners <^0 points 
 
 Neatness of seams and stitches 30 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Haiid^Iade HouseAvork Anion 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Hand-Made Housework 
 Apron must send in for exhibition a hand-made housework apron made 
 according to the following directions: 
 
 Material: White lawn, 27 inches wide, sufficient for two widths the re- 
 quired length, plus i/4 yard for bib and pocket. 
 
 Take of the white lawn, enough for two lengths, each three inches 
 longer than the skirt, and use the remainder of goods for bib, straps and 
 pocket. Take one width, cut off a band three inches wide all the way down 
 to be used for straps; then fold the remainder in the center, measure three 
 inches off selvage edge at top, graduated to nothing at the bottom— (fig 1). 
 
 3 
 
 Fi«;. 1 
 
 Fig. U 
 
 Take the second width, measure twelve inches from the selvage 
 at the top to twelve inches from the opposite selvage edge at the bottom; 
 trim off all selvage, and, using the narrow ends of each piece for the top, 
 put straight edge of No. 2 to bias edge of No. 1; make a narrow seam on 
 right side, using running stitch. Clip these seams closely 1-8 inch deep, 
 and turn to wrong side and sew again with running and back stitch; fold 
 apron through to center, and trim side gores at the bottom even with the 
 center length; hem half-inch down the two sides; turn a two-inch hem, 
 using a measure, and baste across the bottom, and then hem it; fold apron 
 in half and at the center top of the fold cut off one inch and slope up to 
 top of the side hem to prevent wrinkling at the belt. 
 
 Mark off the skirt into fourths; measure the length of belt and put a 
 notch about three inches from each end to mark where the skirt is to come; 
 divide this space for the skirt into fourths; gather entire skirt with double 
 thread and pin it into its place on the belt according to the notches, baste 
 and sew on to the belt with back stitch. The belt has now to be turned 
 down, basted and hemmed to cover the backstitching described above; ends 
 of belt must be whipped (overhand) down and around the ends and finished 
 with a buttonhole; the bib is to be hemmed one and one-half inch across 
 the top and then put into the straps at the sides just as if they were bind- 
 ings: the strains cross in the back and button to buttons placed about two 
 and one-half inches from the ends of belt; the straps are to be whipped on 
 the turned-in edges the whole length of the strap and across the ends. 
 
 Make pockets having one-inch hem and rounded at the bottom and 
 hemmed dow^n to the apron after basting it into i)lace; the size will depend 
 upon the size of the apron. 
 
 Apron must not be washed before exhibited, but may be pressed. Send 
 in written reports covering the following points: 
 
 (a) Name, quantity and price of material used. 
 
 (b) Number and market value of hours of labor spent in making apron. 
 
 (c) Total cost of apron, including labor. 
 
 43 
 
Score Card for Housework Aprox 
 
 General appearance and attention to directions 25 points 
 
 Sewing, hemming, whipping, felling, backstitching, buttonholes.. 50 points 
 
 Cleanliness 10 points 
 
 Written report 15 points 
 
 100 points 
 No apron received without the written report. 
 
 Doll-Bed Outfit 
 
 Each competitor for prizes for Best Doll-Bed Outfit must exhibit such 
 an outfit made according to the following conditions: 
 
 The following material must be used. One-third yard bed-ticking at 
 10 or 121.. cents; one-third yard cambric at 10 or I214 cents; one-fourth 
 yard solid color outing, 10 or 1211- cents; one spool silkaline matching out- 
 ing; 80 thread (white); 50 thread (white).. Stuffing: Cotton batting or 
 wool. For the mattress we will first cut two pieces, six by nine inches 
 for top and bottom, then we will cut three strips of ticking two inches 
 wide, to be sewed together and used for the sides of the mattress, sew the 
 long strip of ticking all the way round on side of the top piece of ticking, 
 then sew the bottom piece of ticking to the side strips all the way round 
 except about three inches; turn the tick and proceed to stuff it carefully, 
 filling the corners first; work the stuffing out evenly, with no lump. Then 
 turn in the edges of the gap left for filling and sew together by overhand- 
 
 ing; then with a pencil dot five dots on the tick, so — Take 
 
 a big needle with double thread and tack it through and through several 
 times; then with a double heavy thread (dark blue sikaline or worsted is 
 
 best) take a long stitch, one-half inch, on the wrong side, like this , 
 
 bringing threads through to top side and tie in a hard knot; then put in 
 a second stitch on wrong side, cross first so — X; tie this on top side in 
 hard knot; cut off ends about an inch long and press out flat into a circle; 
 treat all the dots in the same way. 
 
 Sheets: Take piece of cambric twelve by ten inches; hem sides one- 
 eighth inch, hem bottom one-quarter, and top one-half inch hem (SO thread). 
 
 Bolster: Take two pieces of ticking, 6x3 inches, sew up ends and sides, 
 every other stitch a back sitch. All ticking to be sewed with 50 thread. 
 Turn and stuff and then turn in edges and overhand as in mattress. 
 
 Bolster Slips: Take two pieces of cambric, Sx4 inches, sew end and 
 sides, every other stitch a back stitch. Then overcast these seams; finish 
 off with a one-half-inch hem. 
 
 Blanket: Cut a piece of outing eight by ten inches; overcast sides 
 with thread of same color (cotton thread); finish ends with blanket stitch. 
 
 Score Carp jor Doi.i.-Bed Oitfit. 
 
 General appearance and attention to directions 25 points 
 
 Sewing, hemming, whipping, felling, backstitching, overcasting. . 30 points 
 
 Workmanship on mattress 20 points 
 
 Cleanliness and selection of material, suitability 25 points 
 
 100 points 
 Haiul-Embroidered Center Piece 
 
 Each competitor must send in — 
 
 1. A centre piece with either lace or scalloped edge, and with not more 
 than two sprays of embroidery, one large (if desired) and one smaller. 
 
 2. Written report — 
 
 (a) Name, quantity and price of material used. 
 
 (b) Number ana market value of time used; total cost. 
 
 (c) Stitches used. 
 
 44 
 
S(ORK Card rou Hand-Emhkoidered Centkr-Piece 
 
 Written report 30 points 
 
 General appearance — - 
 
 Neatness 15 points 
 
 Stitcties 20 points 
 
 Laundry 15 points 
 
 50 points 
 
 Selection of material 20 points 
 
 100 points 
 Embroidered Dutch Collar and Jabot 
 
 Each competitor shall send in — 
 
 1. Hand-embroidered Dutch collar and jabot, made by herself. 
 
 2. Written report, same as above. 
 Score Card: Same as centre piece. 
 
 Crocheted Collar and Jabot 
 
 Each competitor shall send in — 
 
 1. Crocheted collar and jabot, done by herself. 
 
 2. Written report, same as centre piece. 
 Score Card: Same as centre piece. 
 
 Corset Cover (Hand-Made) 
 
 Each competitor must — 
 
 1. Send in a hand-made corset cover of size to fit herself. 
 
 2. Material to be used either nainsook or longcloth, and; trimming may 
 be cither hand-embroidery with beading, edging and white ribbon, or linen 
 tape, or lace insertion and beading and edging with white ribbon or linen 
 tape. 
 
 3. Written report — 
 
 (a) Name, quantity and price of material used. 
 (&) Number and value of market hours used in making; total 
 cost. 
 
 (c) Stitches used. 
 
 (d) Folding. 
 
 Score Card for Corset Cover. 
 
 Written report 15 points 
 
 General appearance 40 points 
 
 Stitches — 
 
 Regularity 10 points 
 
 Use proper stitches 15 points 
 
 Button and button holes 10 points 
 
 Neatness 10 points 
 
 45 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Embroidered Belt and Collar 
 
 Each exhibitor must — 
 
 Exhibit one embroidered belt and collar, made entirely by herself, with- 
 out assistance. The belt and collar may be embroidered according to fancy 
 of the maker, provided the work is all her own. No purchased trimming- 
 may be used. 
 
 45 
 
Best Dressed Doll 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for the Best Dressed Doll must send 
 in a doll about twelve inches high, dressed entirely by herself. The un- 
 derclothes shall be of white lawn or long cloth, trimmed with lace edging, 
 no tucks allowed. (Edging is not necessary, but is the limit of the trim- 
 ming allowed.) The dress shall be of thin wash material; only a few tucks 
 and lace edging allowed as trimming; all clothes shall be made and have 
 buttons and buttonholes. 
 
 Score Card for Best Dressed Doll. 
 
 General appearance and attention to directions 50 points 
 
 Neatness 15 points 
 
 Stitches used i o5 points 
 
 Crib Quilt 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Crih Quilt must send iu 
 for exhibition one hand-made patchwork calico crib quilt, completely linished 
 and ready for use. 
 
 Score Card for Crid Quilt. 
 
 Design 10 points 
 
 Neatness 15 points 
 
 Workmanship — 
 
 Patchwork corners 15 points 
 
 Seams 15 points 
 
 Lining 15 points 
 
 Binding 15 points 
 
 Quilting 15 points 
 
 75 points 
 
 100 points 
 Hemstitched Handkerchief 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Hemstitched Handkerchief 
 must — 
 
 1. Send in one hemstitched linen handkerchief, made entirely by herself. 
 
 2. Send in a story of the flax, telling the processes by which it is finally 
 made into a handkerchief. 
 
 Score Card for Hemstitched Haxdkerciiief. 
 
 Workmanship — 
 
 Regularity and fineness of stitching 'AO points 
 
 Neatness of corners 30 points 
 
 Story of flax — 
 
 Accuracy of information 20 points 
 
 Spelling, neatness and penmanship ' 20 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 There are several ways of making the stitch. Select the one that holds 
 the threads apart strongly, so that they will not run back together when 
 the article is laundered. Each stitch should be distinctly wedge-shaped. 
 
 After determining the width of the hem, draw three, four or five threads 
 across the article to be hemstitched. The number of threads drawn may be 
 determined by the coarseness of the materials. Ordinary lawn should rarely 
 
 48 
 
have over three; Jndian liead, lour or live. Print and baste the hem care- 
 fully in place. 
 
 Use fine thread the length of your arm. Begin at right-hand end of 
 hem, as for hemming. Do not use knot in thread. Insert needle so that 
 the end of thread will be caught under stitches in hem. Begin hemstitch- 
 ing by inserting the needle under the number of threads desired in each 
 stitch (usually the same as the number of threads from hem). Draw the 
 thread through. Insert needle again around the same threads, this time 
 letting it come through edge of hem, beside last thread. Draw thread 
 closely, but not tightly enough to draw the material. Continue each stitch 
 as above. When corners are turned, as in a handkerchief, there will be 
 double threads across the corners. More care is necessary here, as more 
 threads must be taken up at one time. Hemstitching is the usual basis for 
 all drawn work. When double hemstitching is desired, hemstitch the other 
 side of the drawn threads just as you did the hemmed side. 
 
 MANUAL TRAINING 
 
 In this department instructions and assistance may be received only 
 in practice work, unless otherwise specifically provided, and the article 
 exhibited must be the product of the exhibitor's unaided effort. 
 
 (See General Rules and Regulations for form of certificate and other 
 conditions.) 
 
 Mission Book Shelves 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Plain Mission Book Shelves 
 must — 
 
 1. Send in for exhibition a case of book shelves, made of some good 
 hard wood plank dressed on sides and edges, in plain mission style, with- 
 out doors and properly finished and sitained. The upright pieces must be 
 long enough to rest on the floor and be from eight to ten inches wide. 
 
 2. Send in a written report covering the following i^oints: 
 (a) Kind and quantity of material used. 
 
 (ft) Cost of material; itemized. 
 
 (c) Number and value of hours of labor consumed in making. 
 
 (d) Total cost. 
 
 (e) Plain directions for making a similar case. 
 
 Score Card for Book Shelves 
 
 Suitability of material, considered in relation to cost 20 points 
 
 Workmanship .tO points 
 
 Design 20 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 SUGGESTIOXS FOR BoOK SHELVES 
 
 Oak plank is good material for book shelves. The filler and stain should 
 be put on evenly and carefully so as to give a soft dull finish and bring 
 out the grain of the wood. The mission style of furniture can be seen at 
 any high-grade furniture store. 
 
 The shelves should be so placed as to permit books of different sizes 
 to be placed on different shelves. 
 
 47 
 
Book Case 
 
 Each competitor for prizes for Best Book Case must send in, for exhi- 
 bition, a book case made entirely by himself, not to exceed three feet in 
 height or length and a written report covering the same points as the one 
 on Mission Book Shelves. Same score card as Mission Book Shelves. 
 
 Axe Handle 
 
 Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Axe Handle must — 
 
 1. Send in for exhibition one axe handle, made of suitable timber for 
 practical use, of the curved shape originally covered by patent rights, and 
 for that reason still popularly designated as a "Patent" axe handle. 
 
 2. Send in a written report, covering the following points: 
 (a) Kind and cost of timber used. 
 
 (6), Tools used. 
 
 (c) Number of hours and value of labor spent in making axe handle. 
 
 SooRE Card for Judging Axe Handle 
 
 Selection of timber 15 points 
 
 Shape and size 50 points 
 
 Finish and general appearance 25 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Suggestions for Making Axe Handle 
 
 Select good, straight-grained hickory timber, remove bark and smooth 
 with drawing knife. 
 
 Make a pattern of soft, thin pine board, lay it on smooth surface of 
 the hickory timber and mark off with lead pencil. Trim the helve down 
 nearly to the desired shape and size with drawing knife, then scrape with 
 glass and polish with sand-paper. 
 
 Farm Rake 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Farm Rake must — 
 
 1. Send in, for exhibition, one hand-made farm rake of suitable timber 
 and proper size for practical use. 
 
 2. Send in written report covering the following points: 
 
 (a) Kind and cost of timber used. 
 
 (b) Tools used. 
 
 (c) Number and value of hours of labor spent in making rake. 
 ((7) Total cost of rake. 
 
 Score ^ard for Judging Farm Rake 
 
 Selection of timber 15 points 
 
 Shape, size and practical usefulness and durability 50 points 
 
 Finish and general appearance 25 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Suggestions for Making A Good Farm Rake 
 
 Select good, tough, white oak timber. Study the rakes used on the 
 farm by your father and others, and make a better one. 
 
 48 
 
Hoe 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered lor Best Hue must— 
 
 1. Send in a hoe, without handle, made by him in a blacl<smith shop. 
 
 2. Send in a written report covering tlie following points: 
 
 (a) Kind and cost of material used. 
 
 (b) Tools and facilities used. 
 
 (c) Number and value of hours of labor spent in making hoe. 
 
 SCOHIO CaUD for JllXilXCi lioio 
 
 Shape oO points 
 
 Size oO points 
 
 Finish 30 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 It is suggested tliat you go to some local blacksmith shop and get the 
 smith to show you how he makes hoes. Then keep trying until you can 
 make a good one. 
 
 Shuck llooi' Mat 
 
 Eacli competitor for prizes offered for Best Shuck Door Mat must — 
 
 1. Send in for exhibition one door mat made of shucks from matured 
 corn. The shucks must be fastened together with white oak splits or rat- 
 tan, so as to make a compact and durable mat with a rough surface of 
 shucks on top. 
 
 2. Send in a written report covering the following i)oints: 
 (a) Description of process of making. 
 
 (6) Number and value of hours of labor spent in making mat. 
 
 (c) Amount and cost of material. 
 
 (d) Total cost. 
 
 Score Cahi) i-oit Door Mat 
 
 Selection of jnaterial 30 points 
 
 Method of making 60 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Use nice white shucks, moistened in warm water so as to be soft when 
 used. 
 
 Picture Frame 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Picture Frame must send 
 in for exhibition a picture of his own selection which lie has framed with 
 moulding made by himself. The jnoulding must not be varnished. 
 
 2. Send in written report covering the following points: 
 
 (a) Describing method of making moulding and framing picture. 
 
 (&) Kind and cost of material used. 
 
 fc") Number and value of hours of labor spent. 
 
 {(l) Total cost of picture and frame. 
 
 (e) Sub.iect of picture. 
 
 Score Card for Picture Frame 
 
 Design of frame 30 points 
 
 Workmansip of frame 30 points 
 
 49 
 
Artistic merit of framed picture 30 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 Suggestions for Fuame and Picturk 
 
 For tlie moulding, select some good close-grained timber — oak, cedar, 
 chestnut, etc. Make a plain, neat frame, being careful to have joints at 
 corners fit perfectly and fastened securely. Frame a picture that means 
 something to you — that you like to look at because it gives you good and 
 pleasant thoughts. Make your frame bring out the good points of your 
 picture. 
 
 The size of the picture chosen will not affect the score. 
 
 Many school fair committees consider it more practical to let the com- 
 petitor huy the moulding already iwepared. 
 
 Short Handled Broom 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Short Handled Broom 
 must — • 
 
 1. Send in one short broom, the stalk of the broom-corn forming the 
 handle. 
 
 2. Send in written report giving careful instructions for making brooms, 
 with detailed statement of amount and value of labor and material used 
 in making. 
 
 Score Card for Short Handled Broom 
 
 Workmanship 60 points 
 
 Quality of material selected 30 points 
 
 Written report 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 Baskets 
 
 All competitors for prizes offered for baskets must send in clear written 
 instructions for preparing the material and making the kind of basket ex- 
 hibited. 
 
 Score Card for Baskets. 
 
 Design and workmanship 50 points 
 
 Finish and general appearance 2.5 points 
 
 Quality of material selected 15 points 
 
 Written instructions 10 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Each competitor for Best Split Basket must send in one peck basket, 
 made of white oak splits. 
 
 Each competitor for Best Willow Basket must send in one lunch size 
 basket, made of willow. 
 
 Each competitor for Best Work Basket must send m one basket made 
 of broom-sedge, corn splits or shucks from matured corn of size suitable 
 for woman's work-basket. 
 
 Suggestions for Making Split Baskets. 
 
 Splits should be made from tough, straight white oak. The handle, 
 rim and ribs of the basket can usually be made from the heart of the 
 timber from which the splits are gotten. 
 
 50 
 
Rive the splits with porket knife with (not across) grain of the timber. 
 Scrape with glass or knife to give a smooth, even surface. While working 
 on basket, keep splits in water, to make them soft and pliant. It would be 
 a good plan to secure an old basket and take it apart, observing carefully 
 how the handle and rim are fastened together, the length and arrangement 
 of the ribs and the manner in which the splits are woven. 
 
 Set of Hou.sehold Utensils 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Set of Household Utensils 
 must send in a butter-paddle, a potato-masher and a rolling-pin, of size for 
 practical use, whittled from native wood. The roiling pin must be in shape 
 a perfect cylinder. 
 
 Score Card for Household Utensils. 
 
 Workmanship 30 points 
 
 Shape 30 points 
 
 Quality of material l-'O points 
 
 Practical usefulness 20 points 
 
 lUU points 
 
 Wooden Sled 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Wooden Sled must send in 
 a sled of serviceable size, made of suitable material and finished without 
 paint or stain. 
 
 Score Card for Sled. 
 
 Workmanship 50 points 
 
 Shape 2.5 points 
 
 Quality of material 25 points 
 
 100 points 
 
 Rabbit Trap 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Rabhit Trap must send in 
 one well constructed rabbit trap of the usual size. They will be judged by 
 workmanship. 
 
 Writing Table 
 
 Each competitor must send in a table 21/2x8 feet, made out of poplar, 
 pine or oak. 
 
 Send in written report covering the following points: 
 (a) Kind and quality of material used. 
 (h) Cost of material — itemized. 
 
 (c) Number and value of hours of labor consumed in making. 
 
 (d) Total cost. 
 
 Score Card for Writing Table. 
 
 Workmanship 'i'O points 
 
 Design 15 points 
 
 Written report 15 Points 
 
 1(H) points 
 
 51 
 
Miniature Wagon 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Miniature Wagon raust send 
 in a wagon 6 feet long, including tongue, 2 feet wide and of proportionate 
 height. Style and workmanship to control. 
 
 Split Bottom Chair 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Split Bottom Chair must 
 send in a split bottom chair made entirely by himself. 
 
 Set of Garden Tools 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Set of Miniature Garden 
 Tools must send in one set of tools — rake, spade, hoe and pick — whittled 
 from naiive wood and small enough to be mountel on a card 24x36 inches. 
 
 Miniature Bedstead 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Miniature Bedstead must 
 send in a miniature bedstead, size 10x16 inches; proportionate height from 
 floor. 
 
 Miniature Boat 
 
 Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Miniature Boat must send 
 in a boat not less than 20 inches long nor more than 30 inches long and 
 of proportionate width. No restriction as to the kind of model. 
 
 ATHLETICS 
 
 Every county school fair committee should arrange sevei'al athletic 
 events to be held on the day of the fair. Each school should hold prelimi- 
 nary competitive contests, and select one or two representatives for each 
 event. These representatives must be bona fide students in good standing. 
 
 Select a good place for holding the contests, often race tracks or fair 
 grounds are available. If they are not, a good road will answer the pur- 
 pose, provided it is roped off so the spectators cannot interfere with the 
 contestants. 
 
 Do not offer money prizes in this department, as that would make those 
 who receive it professionals, and thus debar them from any form of college 
 athletics. Prizes may be sweaters, track suits, baseball goods, football 
 goods, medals, etc. It would be well to offer a banner or cup to the school 
 scoring the highest number of points. The points should be awarded as 
 follows: First place, 5; second place, 3; third place, 1. This should also 
 apply to the relay race. 
 
 Below are given rules and regulations governing various special events, 
 and some suggestions for training for them. 
 
 lOO-Vard Dash 
 
 The start is the most important part of the 100-yard dash. The officials 
 should carefully mark off the starting line, and the Clerk of the Course 
 should assign the runners to their proper positions. The contestants should 
 then take a stick or some sharp pointed instrument and dig a hole about 
 eight inches from the line, the back of which should be perpendicular, so 
 the left foot can rest in it, step in this mark and bring the right knee to 
 
 52 
 
the instep of the foot, and then dig a mark where the right foot touches; 
 the purpose is to secure a good footing and something to push against to get 
 a quick start. At the command: "On your marks," phice the feet in the 
 marks and rest on the bended knee; upon the order: "Get set," straighten 
 the knee somewhat and pusli the weight forward as far as possible upon 
 the hands wliicli arc placed on the line. Wait for the report of the gun; 
 when it is fired, push hard witli the feet and liands, swinging tlie back foot 
 forward with a snap and immediately get into tlie stride. Do not straighten 
 up or try to leap from the marks. One sliould run for 10 or 15 yards 
 before lie is in an upright position. When a runner is "set." his head 
 should be up, and his eyes on the course ahead. Breathe only twice during 
 the dash, once at the start and again at the 50-yard mark. Do not stop 
 running abruptly, as it causes painful muscles, called "Charley Horse." 
 
 220-Yai'd Dash 
 
 As in the 100-yard dash, the start is the most important feature ,and 
 should be gotten down to a science. The 220-yard dash requires more en- 
 durance than the shorter dashes. The pace is almost equal to that of the 
 100 yards, and should be maintained. Some runners prefer to hold back 
 a little speed for final effort. This is not a bad plan if the runner does 
 not get too far behind. 
 
 440- Yard Run 
 
 The start is the same as in the 100 and 220-yard dashes, and is rather 
 fast. This event is considered almost a dash, for it must be run at a very 
 fast pace. The runner, after getting a fast start, should slow down into a 
 long swinging- stride, covering the ground with as little effort as possible, 
 and making as much speed as he can. The last 30 or 50 yards is run at 
 top speed. 
 
 880-Yard Run 
 
 The half-mile runner usually uses the standing start and gets away 
 with good speed, running for about 220 yards and then slowing down a 
 little, using a long even stride, which carries him over the track at a 
 pretty good clip. The finish is sometimes made with a final sprint of 
 speed. It is generally thought the best plan to save a little spring for the 
 final effort, and yet it must be done with will-power in many cases. 
 
 Runnina; Hifth Jump 
 
 The equipment necessary for this event consists of two uprights and a 
 cross bar, the bar should be a thin stick two inches in width and should 
 rest on pins which should project not more than three inches from the 
 uprights. The height should be measured from the middle of the bar to 
 the ground. A competitor should be allowed three trial jumps at each 
 height, and if at the third trial he should fail he should be declared out of 
 the competition, a jump should be counted as a trial jump if the competitor 
 clears the bar or if he knocks it from its place. 
 
 There is no limit to the run a competitor may take before attempting 
 a jump, and he mav run to the bar in any direction. But the best form is 
 to approach the stick straight to the front slowly, taking off the left foot, 
 swinging the right up hard and across the body a little, using a strong up- 
 ward arm heave, the bodv turning to the left and the left foot drawn up 
 sharplv almost touchins the other thitih. As the liody is passing over the 
 Ftick the left arm which is hanging down, should be forced backw^ard and 
 iin. which raises the left foot off the stick, the iumner landing on all fours 
 facing the stick. Little sne-^rl in the approach should be used except in the 
 last two steps, whicn should be nuick and hard, measure the take-off by 
 standing in front of the bar, swinging up the other foot so that it just 
 
 53 
 
clears, then turn and step off about 18 or 20 steps, make a mark, and if 
 the strides are even, the take-off will always come to the right place on 
 the ground in front of the stick. If It does not, move the back mark one 
 v;ay or the other until it does. 
 
 Standing High Jump 
 
 The rules governing the running high jump, also govern the standing 
 high jump, except that, 
 
 The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall 
 leave the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. When the feet 
 are lifted from the ground twice, or two springs are made in making the 
 attempt, it shall count as a trial jump without result. A competitor may 
 rock forward and back, lifting the heels and toes alternately from the 
 ground, but may not lift either foot clear from the ground, or slide it along 
 in any direction. 
 
 Low Hurdles (120 yards and 220 yards) 
 
 In the 120-yard low-hurdle race ten hurdles should be used; height of 
 hurdle, 30 inches. The hurdles should be placed ten yards apart, with the 
 first hurdle 15 yards from the starting point, and the last hurdle 15 yards 
 from the finishing line. In the 220-yard hurdle race, ten hurdles should be 
 used; height of hurdle, 30 inches. The hurdles should be placed 20 yards 
 apart, with the first hurdle 20 yards from the starting mark, and the last 
 hurdle 20 yards from the finishing line. 
 
 Low hurdles can be made as follows: Select two pieces of timber 2 
 inches by 1 inch and six inches long; to these, nail two 1-inch boards, 2 
 inches wide and 30 inches long, then nail strips across the top and bottom. 
 The accompanying cut shows how this is done. 
 
 As in many athletic events, form is of great importance. In dealing a 
 hurdle, the body should not be raised over the cross piece any more than 
 is possible. The rear leg and foot should be in a position ready to swing 
 forward into the stride, as soon as the front foot touches the ground in the 
 far side. If the spring is made off the right foot, the body is turned 
 slightly to the right, and vice versa. Beginner should work only one hurdle, 
 taking the start the same as in the 100-yard dash and learn to approach 
 the hurdle at top speed clearing the same in the stride, with as little glide 
 as possible, rather a quick, snappy movement, bringing the front foot to 
 the ground as soon as possible. When this is learned he should work over 
 two or more, getting the stride even and the take "off foot" coming to the 
 right place before the obstacle. 
 
 54 
 
Uiiniiiug Broad Jump 
 
 In the running broad jump a take-off board two inehes by four inches 
 and two feet long is set flusli with the ground, broad side up, and in front 
 of it the earth is dug out to a depth of three inches, and. from an area of 
 two square feet. The jumper can start back for his run as far as he wishes, 
 though 100 feet should be the maximum. His toe must not break the dirt 
 in front of the take-off board, if it does his jump is a foul and counts one 
 of his three trials. He should land on a place where the earth has been 
 loosened and leveled. To get the best results, the jumper should run as 
 fast as possible, strike the take-off board with the ball of his foot, jump 
 high in the air, draw his feet up under his body as far as possible, and 
 when alighting always fall forward. Each competitor should have three 
 trial jumps, and the competitors finishing one, two, three and four in the 
 trial jumps, should each have three more trial jumps. 
 
 Standing Bi'dad Jump 
 
 Rules governing the running broad jump also govern the standing 
 broad jump; except that. 
 
 The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall 
 leave the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. When the feet 
 are lifted from the ground twice, or two springs are made in making the 
 attempt, it counts as a trial junip without resiilt. A competitor may rock 
 forward and back, lifting heel and toes alternately from the ground, but 
 may not lift either foot clear of the ground, or slide it along the ground 
 in any direction. 
 
 Shot-Put 
 
 The weight of the shot used for grammar and high school work is l:i 
 pounds, and is made of iron or lead. It is put from 7-foot circle, in which 
 the putter must stay. Should any of his person touch the outside of the 
 circle at the front, a foul is made and the put is counted as a trial without 
 result. The shot is held in the fingers and tnumb of the right hand with 
 the palm upward. The elbow must be held well in to the side, and the shot 
 near the shoulders. The weight is rested on the right foot at the back of 
 the circle, a quick hop continuing into a snappy reverse of the entire body, 
 the shot thrust forward and up, with all the force and dispatch possible. 
 The putter should strive to get all of his weight into the final effort, 
 making use of the entire body. If the left arm is forced backward the 
 reverse is accellerated, thus more momentum may be secured. The shot 
 putter cannot work too hard at his work. He must first get the form with- 
 out the slightest hesitation between the two movements, and then try to get 
 more distance in the put. Each competitor shall be credited with the best 
 of all his puts. Measurement of the put shall be from the nearest edge of 
 the first mark made by the shot to the point of the circumference of the 
 circle nearest such mark. 
 
 Throwing Baseball 
 
 The throw is made back of a scratch line or other mark on the ground, 
 the thrower not being allowed to step in front of the line. Each competitor 
 should be given three throws and be credited with the best of ail his 
 throws. The measurement of the throw should be from the scratch line to 
 where the oall falls, rolling should not be taken into account. To save time 
 in measuring lines at known distances near where the ball is likely to fall 
 may be marked off, and the measuring done from them. 
 
 55 
 
Potato Race 
 
 In this race, from three to eight potatoes are placed two yards apart in 
 a straight row. The first potato being two yards from a receptacle, which 
 should be either a pail, basket, box or pan not over 06 inches in circumfer- 
 ence at the opening. The finish is a line 5 yards back of the receptacle, 
 which must be crossed after the last potato has been placed in the re- 
 ceptacle. There must be a separate row for each contestant. 
 
 At the word "go!" each contestant takes up xAs potato, runs to the re- 
 ceptacle, drops it in, and runs back for another, continuing this until all 
 the potatoes are in the receptacle, contestant crossing the finish line first 
 wins. If a contestant should drop a potato, he must replace it in the re- 
 ceptacle before he touches another potato; otherwise he is disqualified. 
 
 Shoe Race 
 
 A scratch line is made upon the ground behind which the contestants 
 will start. At a given signal, each contestant takes off both shoes, and, 
 taking them in his hands, runs 25 yards (or some other distance decided" 
 by athletic committee), put? on his shoes and returns, the one recrossing 
 the scratch line first wins. If the shoes are not perfectly laced and tied, 
 the runner is disqualified. 
 
 Three-Legj^ed Race (50 yards) 
 
 In this race the boys run in pairs. Two boys, representing the same 
 school, should be placed side by side, and the right leg of the one should 
 be strapped or tied to the left leg of the other, two straps are used; one 
 around the thigh and another around the ankle. This race requires much 
 practice to get the best results. 
 
 Sack Race (50 yards) 
 
 In the sack race the feet of the contestants are enclosed in a gunny 
 sack and they can either run or jump the required distance. 
 
 Relay Race 
 
 Each school competing in this race must be represented by a team of 
 four runners, the four members of the team placed along the track at 
 proper position. First runner covers one-fourth of the distance, and touches 
 the second runner, who runs the second fourth of the distance, and touches 
 the third runner, who runs the third fourth of me distance and touches 
 the fourth runner, who completes the distance. The school wins the relay 
 race whose fourth runner is first across the relay line. There should be a 
 starting line for each of the four classes of competitors. A line should be 
 drawn 20 feet in front of each starting line, between these two lines each 
 runner must touch the succeeding runner of nis team. Failure to do this 
 disqualifies the team in that event. The judges of the relay race should 
 see that all touches are properly made 
 
 Polt Vault 
 
 There are four things which must be done simultaneously in the very 
 start of the vault. As the point of the pole is stuck in the ground the 
 take-off is made from the foot, the bottom hand slides upward to a position 
 near the upper, both arms are then elevated over the head, and the pull 
 up Is started. As the "take-off foot" leaves the ground, the other is swung 
 up and across the body, the arms are flexed, and the body brought into a 
 position with the feet pointing upward over the stick. As the feet start 
 
 56 
 
downward, the body is faeing the stick and a strong upward inipulse is 
 given the arms ana upper part ot the body, which raises the shoulders and 
 arms out ot danger oi knocking oft' the stick. The vaulter alights lacing 
 ilie stick and otten on all lours. Great momentum is necessary, therelore 
 great speed must be attained in the approach, it is not so much a jump 
 as it is a "swing up" which causes the vaulter to attain the desired heights. 
 Learn the form and approach, tlien try it on low heights, and gradually 
 work upward. Do not try to work too hard or too long at it, as one may 
 easily overdo. Work at last short running tor speed, it is well to carry 
 the pole in these runs, as the runner should learn to run with it in his 
 hands. In running or in making your approach to the stick, carry the 
 point high up, and whip or snap it down at the proper moment. 
 
 Some General Training Hints to Contehtuuts 
 
 Get plenty of sleep at regular hours. 
 
 Be temperate in the matter of eating. 
 
 Eat such nourishing toods as oat meal, rice, whole wheat bread, lots 
 of butter. Much meat is not necessary. 
 
 Avoid pies, cakes, sweet meats, highly spiced food, soda fountain 
 drinks, etc. 
 
 Drink plenty of good water. A good drink of cold water before break- 
 fast is a cleanser and a tonic for the stomach. 
 
 Do not use tobacco and alcoholic drinks in any form. 
 
 Exercise at regular times, daily if possible. 
 
 Do not work too much at first, you will get stiff and sore and become 
 discouraged. 
 
 Warm up slowly each day before getting down to hard -vork. 
 
 When through do not let the limbs or body get cold. 
 
 Do not lie around on the ground after exercise. 
 
 Do not train for every event. Find out what you are best :^tted for 
 and stick to that. 
 
 Avoid becoming stale, that is, getting into a condition where the ex- 
 ercises lose their charm and you neither can nor care to do things. This 
 condition is brought about by too long and too hard practice. 
 
 Officials 
 
 The officials of track and field meet should be: 
 
 A referee, 
 
 A starter. 
 
 An announcer, 
 
 A scorer, 
 
 A chief of the course, 
 
 A chief marshal. 
 
 Three judges of the finish, and 
 
 Three time-keepers. 
 
 Whenever possible these officials should be experienced in track ath- 
 letics. It may be necessary at times for one person to act in more than 
 one capacity. Their duties are as follows: 
 
 The Referee has the power to disqualify any contestant for intentional 
 or accidental fouling of the opponent. He shall decide all questions that 
 may arise during the meet. His decision must be final. He shall have 
 absolute power, and is the only one who can change the program or order 
 of events. 
 
 The Starter should give the contestants one or two trials, and should 
 start all running events as follows "On your marks," "Get set," and fires 
 the gun. He has full control of the runners after they have received their 
 places from the clerk of the course, and he may put out of the event any 
 one trying, to advance his mark. This rule also applies when a man has 
 made more than two false starts. For the first offence he shall set back 
 
 57 
 
the runner one yard; for the second offence, two yards, and for the third 
 the contestant shall be disqualified. If any part of the runner touches the 
 ground in front of his mark before the gun is fired a false start shall ue 
 declared, and the runners called back by another report. 
 
 The A7inoiinccr shall announce to the audience all records, and by 
 whom made, and shall keep them posted as to the. main points of interest. 
 
 The Scorer shall keep a record of the laps in the events, the proper 
 order of contestants, and a careful record of the time in each event. 
 
 The Clerk of the Course shall assign the proper positions, see that all 
 are numbered, and that all competitors have been notified and are at the 
 right starting point on time. 
 
 The Three Judges shall decide on the winners. One shall stand at one 
 end of the finish tape and the others at the other end. One shall "pick 
 upon" the man breasting the tape first, another getting the man who 
 crosses the line second and the third the runner who crosses in the third 
 position. These shall be reported to the scorer by number. 
 
 Each of the Three Timekeepers shall time every event; and in case two 
 watches agree and the third disagrees, the time marked -by the two shall 
 be the official time; and if all watches disagree, the official time shall be 
 marked by the middle watch. If only two watches get the time, the lowest 
 shall be official. Time shall be taken from the flash of the pistol (not from 
 the report). A stopwatch, divided into fifths of a second, shall be used. 
 
 Note. — The above regulations and suggestions have been reproduced 
 largely from those of the American Athletic Association, New York Public 
 Schools Athletic League, and from the bulletin issued by the University of 
 South Carolina on State and county athletics for high schools. 
 
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