Class _ n L P 
 
 CDEffllGHT DEPQSm 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
Emancipation of the Slavs 
 
 LETTERS PUBLISHED IN THE SUN 
 OF NEW YORK 
 
 BY JULIUS A. HUPERT, M. D. 
 
 NEW BRITAIN 
 PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR 
 
 MDCCCCXIX 
 
i-o"^ 
 
 n-\ 
 
 COPYRIGHT, I9I9, BY 
 YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 Mas -3 ISIS 
 
 ©CI. A5 11844 
 
''The dismemberment of Austria-Hungary, the 
 creation of independent republics of every race, is 
 the only guarantee of a permanent peace in Europe. 
 The present war may fulfill that mission partially or 
 completely. If the latter results, the war will be 
 blessed by future generations.'^ — Dr. Julius A. 
 Hupert, in The Hartford Times, August 15, 1914- 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER PAGE 
 
 I. Emancipation of the Slavs as an Issue of 
 
 the War 9 
 
 II. A League of Nations. Certain Prelimi- 
 nary Requirements of Its Formation . 19 
 
 III. Protest against Teaching German. Ad- 
 
 vocate Spread of English Language 
 Around World 24 
 
 IV. Banish Language of Hun from United 
 
 States 31 
 
 V. German in the Schools. Its Elimination 
 Urged in Behalf of a Future Decent 
 
 World 35 
 
 VI. Lusitania Day 40 
 
 VII. The Irreducible Minimum that Poland 
 
 Demands — September 26, 1917 . . 44 
 
 VIII. The Pole's Nationality 49 
 
 IX. Poland and Germany. A Dissection of 
 the Infamous Terms Offered by the 
 
 Prussians 52 
 
 X. Burian's Pretences ^6 
 
 XI. Beat Germany — March 13, 191 8 . . 61 
 XII. The Causes of the War .... 63 
 
 [7] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS AS 
 AN ISSUE OF THE WAR 
 
 AMERICA SHOULD HAVE AN IMPORTANT 
 
 PART IN THE SOLUTION OF THIS GREAT 
 
 RACE PROBLEM 
 
 The material issues of this war are many and 
 mighty. 
 
 First. The curbing forever of Germany's am- 
 bition to dominate Europe, America and the 
 world. 
 
 Second. The emancipation of the Slavs and 
 other nations oppressed by Austria-Hungary, 
 Germany, and the late Czaristic Russia. 
 
 Third. Replacement of autocracy by demo- 
 cratic forms of government. 
 
 Fourth. The arousing of America to an active 
 participation in the settlement of world policies, 
 and to the realization of her great national des- 
 tiny to be the maker of a peace giving freedom 
 and independence to all Slav and other op- 
 
 [9] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 pressed nations, to be the warrantor and guard- 
 ian of a just and lasting peace and of the sacred- 
 ness of international obligations. That mission 
 of America and the coming emancipation of the 
 oppressed Slav nations make it necessary for 
 the United States to plan a permanent policy 
 toward the Slavs. 
 
 America is the great hope of the Slavs. America 
 must be the liberator of the Slav nations. She 
 must organize and finance the political, indus- 
 trial and economic institutions of the resur- 
 rected Slav nations, not as a matter of phi- 
 lanthropy, but as an urgent commercial and 
 political business of immense benefit to both the 
 contracting parties. 
 
 Traditional American policy of no "entan- 
 gling alliances" must be replaced by one of EARLY 
 PLANNING AND EVER READINESS AND POWERFUL 
 ALLIANCES, because of the hostility of the whole 
 German race toward Americans. It is right to 
 assume that this enmity will last at least until 
 the whole German nation is cured of her con- 
 stitutional and mental disease expressed by her 
 ambitions to dominate the world. To be safe, we 
 must assume that the Germans after their first 
 failure to conquer the world will try it again and 
 
 [lO] 
 
AN ISSUE OF THE WAR 
 again ; that we MUST BE PREPARED FOR THE NEXT 
 WAR, not only by complete military prepared- 
 ness, but also by powerful political alliances. 
 
 I venture the opinion that for the future safety 
 of our country. South America, Europe and the 
 world it is more important to free all Slav 
 nations and Russia from German domination 
 than to liberate only Alsace-Lorraine, Belgium 
 and compromise on the Slav problems. If WE 
 ALLOW Germany to keep and exploit the 
 WESTERN Slavs, Russia and the Balkan 
 NATIONS, Germany will be invincible and 
 she will again attack the entente nations 
 and win a political and commercial domi- 
 nation of the world. 
 
 The right settlement of the Slav problems by 
 the Allies is of the utmost importance and of 
 great urgency. It was impossible to do it when 
 Czaristic Russia was alive with her policy of 
 Panslavism and aspirations to rule in Constan- 
 tinople. The western and southern Slavs were 
 justly more afraid of Panslavism than of Pan- 
 Germanism. Panslavism meant death to their 
 independent national lives. Panslavism's real 
 objects were to gradually deprive the other small 
 Slav nations of all institutions of national inde- 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 pendence — a Russification by force and cruel 
 persecution. 
 
 Fear of Panslavism and a Russian Constanti- 
 nople drove Bulgaria and Turkey into the arms 
 of the Teutons. The Allies, excluding America, 
 were agreed to allow a free hand to Russia in 
 the settlement of the Slav problems as far as 
 September, 19 17. Since then conditions have 
 changed and the Allies have not to sacrifice the 
 interests of the western and southern Slavs to 
 satisfy the Panslavistic greed of a Czaristic Rus- 
 sia. Russia is only one of the Slav nations. THE 
 OTHER Slav nations do not want to be re- 
 ferred TO AS PEOPLES, RACES OR PARTS OF RUSSIA. 
 
 They HAVE nothing in common with Russia, 
 
 BUT THAT THEY ALL ARE SLAVS. 
 To make the Slav nations united and independ- 
 ent Austria must be dismembered. It is so 
 obvious that it does not need explanation. Aus- 
 tria cannot make a separate peace, nor can she be 
 a federation of equally independent units. Both 
 parties, the German Magyar minority and the 
 Slav majority, rebel against such a state of affairs. 
 The minority wants to continue her unspeakable 
 oppression of the majority. The majority must 
 have independence. The German provinces 
 
 [12] 
 
AN ISSUE OF THE WAR 
 united to Germany, an independent Magyar 
 land, the different Slav and Latin nations freed 
 and united in independent states must be Aus- 
 tria's end. Any other solution is POLITICAL HY- 
 POCRISY AND MAKES ABSURD ANY PEACE IN 
 REGARD TO CLAIMS OF JUSTICE OR PERMANENCY. 
 America is best fitted to champion the cause of 
 all Slavs, because : 
 
 1. Her motives in this war are unselfish. 
 
 2. Of all Allies, she is best known, most re- 
 spected and beloved by all Slav nations, great 
 and small. 
 
 3. She has the means to do it. 
 
 4. Ten million or more of ties are binding 
 America and Slavdom through the Slavish resi- 
 dents in America and their descendants. 
 
 5. Her real democracy and her mental and 
 emotional make-up appeal strongly to the hearts 
 and souls of Slavdom. 
 
 6. It will bring to the United States the greatest 
 moral satisfaction of a colossal task well per- 
 formed for humanity and civilization's sake. 
 
 7. It means for America immense commercial, 
 industrial and financial expansion and a political 
 alliance of paramount importance to curb any 
 future attempts of Germany at world conquest. 
 
 [13] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 The terms of a just settlement of the Slavish 
 problems are : 
 
 First. America and the Allies declare in a 
 signed proclamation to stand not only by Russia, 
 but by all western and southern Slav nations 
 and to support their claims to be united, abso- 
 lutely independent and democratic states. Such 
 a declaration is necessary to counteract German 
 propaganda that tells the Slavs that the Allies 
 are selfish and not interested in Slav aspirations 
 to freedom. 
 
 Second. America and the Allies declare for: 
 
 (a) A free United Poland composed of all 
 lands genuinely Polish, with access to the seas by 
 way of Danzig and the Baltic coast. That the 
 Allies have done partly. 
 
 (b) An independent Bohemia, composed of 
 Bohemia, Moravia, parts of Silesia and the 
 land of the Slovaks. Bohemia must be given free 
 access to the Black Sea by free navigation rights 
 on the Danube and access to the Baltic Sea by 
 privilege to use a Polish port in exchange for 
 free transit of Polish goods through Bohemia 
 to the Danube, which must be made an inter- 
 national waterway. 
 
 (c) An independent Greater Serbia, composed 
 
 [14] 
 
AN ISSUE OF THE WAR 
 of Slavonia, Croatia, Dalmatia, Montenegro, 
 Bosnia and Serbia proper. 
 
 (d) For a free Ukraine, whose frontier must 
 be determined by a commission representing 
 Ukraine and Greater Russia. Ukraine is a crea- 
 tion of the Teuton powers. There never was a 
 state known as Ukraine or a Ukrainian nation 
 with distinct frontiers and political traditions 
 of an independent State. The upper classes, all 
 educated classes of Ukraine, considered them- 
 selves, until recently, Russians. The peasants talk 
 a Slavic language, called the Little Russian, and 
 did not aspire in Russia to form a separate dis- 
 tinct nation. Only the Little Russian peasants 
 and clergy in Galicia were taught by the Aus- 
 trians to claim a separate nationality. The Little 
 Russians are a subdivision of the Great Russian 
 race. If they desire now to form a separate state 
 there are no reasons to oppose it. White Russia 
 cannot have any just claims to form an independ- 
 ent state. 
 
 (e) For a free, independent Lithuania. It is 
 worth while to take under serious consideration 
 the creation of a Baltic republic on lines of Swit- 
 zerland, composed of Lithuania, Courland and 
 Esthonia. Those Baltic peoples were united 
 
 [15] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 before in the Kingdom of Poland, and later 
 under Russia. They have many common interests 
 and traditions and would be able to form a strong 
 and prosperous state. Such a republic patterned 
 on the Swiss Republic could respect the rights of 
 the German minorities in those provinces. 
 
 (f ) The rest of Russia to be free and independ- 
 ent Great Russia without further subdivisions. 
 Autonomy to the Caucasian races in federation 
 with Russia could be granted if those people are 
 fit for self-government. 
 
 Third. America and the Allies declare that all 
 Slavic nations must have free access to the seas 
 and ports free of ice. That only can assure the 
 Slavs a free development of industry and com- 
 merce, prevent their economic enslavement by 
 Germany and give the Slavic nations direct 
 access to the markets of the Allies and America, 
 not by the way of Hamburg and Bremen. 
 
 Fourth. America declares her readiness to or- 
 ganize and finance the commerce and industry 
 of the new Slav states by long term loans, by 
 building of railroads and factories, and cover- 
 ing the new state with a network of strong fi- 
 nancial institutions, not to exploit the Slavic 
 countries, but to build up and develop on terms 
 
 [i6] 
 
AN ISSUE OF THE WAR 
 of helpful partnership in all important branches 
 of commerce and industry. In 19 16 I had infor- 
 mation that Poland's future was at the mercy of 
 Germany, which after destroying Poland's na- 
 tional wealth was making arrangements to get 
 absolute control of Poland's future raw ma- 
 terials, Poland's future commerce and industry. 
 The same policy of merciless exploitation by 
 Germany will apply to Lithuania, Ukraine and 
 the whole of Russia, if America and the Allies 
 do not take proper steps at once to counteract it. 
 Fifth. America and the Allies will safeguard 
 their own interests and the freedom of the world 
 best by forming a permanent military and com- 
 mercial and political alliance with 
 
 (a) A Central European League, composed of 
 Poland, Lithuania, Bohemia and Ukraine. 
 
 (b) The Balkan League, composed of Greater 
 Serbia, Bulgaria, Rumania, Greece. 
 
 (c) Great Russia. 
 
 The creation of a Central European League of 
 Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania and Bohemia and 
 the restoration of the former Balkan League, 
 including Rumania, are political necessities to 
 safeguard the independence of those small 
 nations. 
 
 [17] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 Such a solution of the Slavic problems is the 
 only just one, the only guarantee of a lasting 
 peace, the only way to curb the German ambi- 
 tions to dominate the world. To MAKE IT ALL 
 POSSIBLE Germany must first be beaten. She 
 
 WILL ADMIT DEFEAT ONLY WHEN THE ALLIES' 
 ARMIES CROSS THE RHINE AND NOT BEFORE. 
 America will find the means, the courage and 
 perseverance to perform this colossal task. 
 
 Hail to America, the great and only help of 
 the Slav, whose emancipation is one of the great 
 issues of this war! 
 
 June 17, 1918. 
 
 [18] 
 
II 
 
 A LEAGUE OF NATIONS 
 
 CERTAIN PRELIMINARY REQUIREMENTS OF 
 ITS FORMATION 
 
 The project of a league of nations is fathered 
 by great men, such as President Wilson, Vis- 
 count Grey, Lord Bryce and other well-known 
 statesmen. Being the expression of lofty ideal- 
 ism, it has met in democratic countries with a 
 widespread and hearty acceptance. The pur- 
 poses and aims would be: 
 
 First, to prevent war, threatening to ruin civil- 
 ization by the immensity of its horrors and waste 
 on account of the rapid perfection of all instru- 
 ments of warfare, and to abolish destruction of 
 life and national wealth ; 
 
 Secondly, to settle international disputes by a 
 tribunal of arbitration and board of conciliation 
 in accord with a code of international laws and 
 rules made by the collective efforts of all part- 
 ners of the league ; 
 
 Thirdly, to effect a universal, real, military and 
 
 [19] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 naval disarmament to curb burdensome expenses 
 for costly future armaments and by such disar- 
 mament to enable all nations to pay off their 
 national debts; 
 
 Fourthly, to create a friendly international co- 
 operation in all labors directed to raise the eco- 
 nomical, social and political standards of all 
 units of the league. The unselfish aims of such a 
 union are so ideal that many doubt that such a 
 league is possible. 
 
 The difficulties ahead are great. The experience 
 of mankind and history teaches us that hereto- 
 fore all disputes between nations have ultimately 
 been settled by the force of arms, that peace has 
 followed every war and war has followed peace. 
 Nobody can deny it. Human nature has not lost 
 its ferocity, but rather increased it, if we judge 
 by the terrible cruelties perpetrated in this war. 
 The passion for national unity and independ- 
 ence is the supreme instinct and the supreme 
 right of all free and oppressed nations, and use 
 of force and war is accepted as the last resort to 
 defend or get national freedom and rights, as it 
 is done now. No nation can or will renounce that 
 supreme right. 
 
 Apparently the obstacles are colossal, but the 
 
 [20] 
 
A LEAGUE OF NATIONS 
 
 benefits of a real union of nations would be so 
 immense that a league of nations may be formed 
 if the following preliminary essential conditions 
 of a league are established as the result of this 
 world war: 
 
 1. German militarism, the real and great ob- 
 stacle of a union of nations, must be broken by a 
 crushing defeat of the German armies. 
 
 2. All oppressed European nations and all non- 
 Turkish races in the Ottoman Empire must be 
 free and independent nations. That condition 
 demands the dismemberment of Austria and 
 Turkey. 
 
 3. All states must have constitutions 
 
 BASED ON REALLY DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES. IT IS 
 NOT A QUESTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY 
 
 OR REPUBLIC. That decision may be taken by 
 
 THE RESPECTIVE NATIONS. BUT THE ACCEPTANCE 
 OF DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES BY ALL PRESENT IN- 
 DEPENDENT NATIONS AND ALL NATIONS TO BE 
 RECONSTRUCTED AND FREED BY THE WAR MUST BE 
 ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL TERMS OF PEACE. TO 
 REGARD IT, AS HERETOFORE, AS AN INTERNAL 
 AFFAIR OF EACH STATE IS NOT RIGHT, BECAUSE ON 
 THE REAL DEMOCRACY OF THE RESPECTIVE STATES 
 DEPENDS THE PEACE OF THE WORLD. BY MAKING 
 
 [21] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 THE ACCEPTANCE OF DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES 
 OBLIGATORY FOR ALL NATIONS NO ONE SHALL 
 HAVE REASON TO OBJECT. 
 
 Don't we know that in many countries, on ac- 
 count of privileged classes, the democratization 
 of the government would be slow or impossible 
 without outside pressure from the existing de- 
 mocracies? That is the only way to make "the 
 world safe for democracy." The WORLD IS NOT 
 yet democratic, so autocracies must be re- 
 placed by democracies by the terms of the 
 coming peace. 
 
 The democratic principles to be accepted 
 by all nations should be : 
 
 First, universal, equal, secret ballot is 
 given all men in every country. 
 
 Secondly, v^oman suffrage is conceded. 
 
 Thirdly, parliamentary representation is 
 to be based on the number of votes, not dis- 
 TRICTS. 
 
 Fourthly, parliamentary responsibility of 
 ministry will be enforced. 
 
 Fifthly, the declaration of war and mak- 
 ing OF PEACE ARE TO BE THE RIGHT OF THE PAR- 
 LIAMENTS BY FOUR-FIFTHS OF THE NUMBER OF 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 [22] 
 
A LEAGUE OF NATIONS 
 
 Sixthly, the right to veto the declaration 
 of war is conceded to the international 
 tribunal at the hague. all are to accept 
 the judgment of the international court. 
 
 In EXCEPTIONAL CASES THE TRIBUNAL AT ThE 
 
 Hague may recommend a reconsideration 
 of the declaration of war by newly elected 
 parliaments of the nations involved, prom- 
 ising non-interference. that would make a 
 local war theoretically possible, but in 
 practice very difficult on account of the 
 influence of woman suffrage, new elec- 
 tions and delays. 
 Seventhly, open diplomacy, the publish- 
 ing OF ALL TREATIES BETWEEN NATIONS MUST BE 
 ENFORCED. ALL NATIONS MUST HAVE ACCESS TO 
 AND THE FREEDOM OF THE SEAS. If such prelim- 
 inary conditions can be established as the result 
 of this war, the formation and successful main- 
 tenance of a league of nations, based on inter- 
 national, military and naval force and mutual 
 pledge and faith to obey international rules, may 
 become a reality. 
 
 Dr. Julius Hupert. 
 
 New Britain, Conn., October 4. 
 
 [23] 
 
Ill 
 
 PROTEST AGAINST TEACHING 
 GERMAN 
 
 ADVOCATE SPREAD OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE 
 AROUND WORLD 
 
 Having passed through eight classes of a Ger- 
 man gymnasium and spent over two years at the 
 German university of Vienna, being very fa- 
 miliar with the German, English, French, 
 Polish and Rumanian languages and having 
 studied some time ago the Dutch, Malay and 
 Italian, I may know something of the impor- 
 tance of foreign tongues in one's life work. My 
 experience has been broadened and matured by 
 three years of travel all over the world. 
 
 The Germans study French, English, Italian, 
 Spanish and Russian. They do it because, to live 
 and prosper, they must sell goods to people who 
 talk those foreign tongues. Many hundred mil- 
 lions, who were the best German customers, have 
 a natural and justified antipathy to the German 
 
 [24] 
 
PROTEST TEACHING GERMAN 
 
 language, so the Germans must study their cus- 
 tomers' tongues. It is obvious that the Americans 
 must also study Spanish, Italian, French and 
 Russian to meet the German salesman on even 
 terms in those respective countries. For an Amer- 
 ican salesman to try to trade in German for the 
 next hundred years with any of the present allied 
 nations after this war is to commit commercial 
 suicide. FRENCH, RUSSIAN, Italian and Span- 
 ish ARE THE FOREIGN TONGUES NECESSARY TO 
 THE COMMERCIAL MEN OF OUR COUNTRY, AND 
 
 NOT German. 
 
 The German language is welcome only in 
 Germany, in the German-Austrian provinces 
 AND BY A GREAT NUMBER OF JEWS, who talk 
 Juedisch, a German jargon. Nobody else loves 
 German. The German business men talk Eng- 
 lish, so the American salesman does not need to 
 bargain with them in broken German when he 
 can honor the Teutons by talking with them in 
 English. There is no commercial good reason 
 for American boys to torture their tongues and 
 poison their minds by the study of German. 
 
 The commercial transactions in the United 
 States, Asia, Australia and Africa are not and 
 shall never be made in German. English is there 
 
 [25] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 supreme; Spanish in Latin America. With 
 REGARD TO KNOWLEDGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES 
 
 THE United States is better provided than 
 
 ANY OTHER COUNTRY. ThE SONS OF OUR IMMI- 
 grants talk all the languages of the world. 
 Pick them out and give them a commercial 
 training and send them to all corners of 
 our globe. 
 
 The Germans study foreign tongues because the 
 educated and upper classes admire them as beau- 
 tiful languages giving them access to the richest 
 and most artistic literature of the world. In this 
 foreign literature only can they satisfy their taste 
 for the beautiful, when they have it, and find 
 models and inspiration for German writings, 
 which are mostly imitations of foreign novels, 
 dramas and poetry. If that is so, why should an 
 American boy study German? We must recom- 
 mend to him perfect English and French, or 
 Russian, or Spanish, but no German. 
 
 Some say scientific works are published in Ger- 
 man. The few specialists will FIND ENGLISH 
 TRANSLATIONS of anything worth while. 
 
 The German language is a rough and poor lan- 
 guage. The study of it is very trying and un- 
 
 [26] 
 
PROTEST TEACHING GERMAN 
 
 pleasant. The constant presence of "der," "die" 
 and "das," the numberless foreign and com- 
 pound words, the confusing use of auxiliary- 
 verbs, koenen, sollen, wollen, moegen, haben, 
 werden and lassen — the use of verbs at the end 
 of the sentence, the German grammar and syn- 
 tax in general, make the German language a 
 very unwelcome and tiresome study for the Slav, 
 the French, and I suppose the American boy. 
 Why torture his mind with such stuff when there 
 is no real necessity for it? 
 Another very important consideration: By 
 teaching German in public schools we help 
 German propaganda and the German national 
 aims. What are these aims? They are and will be 
 until the Germans are subdued by the ALLIES* 
 ARMS AND TRADE BOYCOTT AND CULTURAL OSTRA- 
 CISM AS FOLLOWS : 
 
 First. Weltherrschaft, which means 
 
 WORLD CONQUEST BY FORCE OF ARMS. 
 
 Second. Welthandel, which means SU- 
 
 PREMACYINTHE WORLD FORTHE GERMANTRADE, 
 BASED NOT ON FAIR AND PEACEFUL COMPETITION, 
 BUT ON SPECIAL PRIVILEGES, THE RESULT OF VIC- 
 TORIES IN WAR ANNEXATIONS AND INDEMNITIES. 
 
 [27] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 Third. To MAKE OF THE GERMAN KULTUR A 
 WELTKULTUR, AND OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE 
 A WELTSPRACHE. BY TEACHING GERMAN IN PUB- 
 lic schools you help to make the german 
 language a weltsprache. unintentionally 
 you help to spread german kultur and 
 Germanism. 
 
 The present and the future interests of this 
 country demand the exclusion from public 
 schools of the teaching of German and THE SUB- 
 STITUTION OF French, Spanish and Russian. 
 The national policies and the commercial in- 
 terests of the United States and Great Britain 
 must suggest to statesmen with the proper fore- 
 sight a systematic and very active propaganda 
 for the English language among the Slavs 
 AND Latin nations. The field has been neg- 
 lected. The Anglo-Saxon world and the 
 United States in particular ought to create 
 A hundred million dollar fund for such a 
 PROPAGANDA. By proper diplomatic negotiations 
 they can get the privilege to open in the Allied 
 countries, in every city of 20,000 inhabitants or 
 more, an AGENCY FOR ENGLISH CULTURE. The 
 tasks of such centers would be : 
 
 [28] 
 
PROTEST TEACHING GERMAN 
 
 1. Teaching of the English language free of 
 charge. 
 
 2. The support of a free English library. 
 
 3. The training of youth in English games, 
 sports, athletics and English culture. 
 
 4. The stimulation of trade with the United 
 States and Great Britain. 
 
 5. All religious and political propaganda in 
 such centers must be strictly forbidden. By doing 
 it you will confer a great boon on the Slav and 
 other nations and strike mortal blows at the ag- 
 gressive Germanism, WHOSE ATTEMPTS AT 
 WORLD CONQUEST BY GERMAN ARMS FOR GERMAN 
 TRADE AND KULTUR AND LANGUAGE WILL NOT 
 END WITH THE PRESENT WAR. 
 
 I regard the immediate organization of 
 agencies of English culture in foreign countries 
 as of great importance to the United States. After 
 THIS WAR THE UNITED STATES CAN NEVER 
 RETURN TO THE STATUS OF ISOLATION AND IN- 
 DIFFERENCE TO WORLD POLICIES. America's na- 
 tional destiny is and must be to lead all nations in 
 the affairs of the world. For such leadership she 
 must plan and prepare. A long and bitter strug- 
 gle of a just, humanitarian, progressive and 
 
 [29] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 democratic Americanism against the most effi- 
 cient and Satanic powers of Germanism is in 
 progress. By pushing forward the English lan- 
 guage and hindering the spread of German we 
 shall help in one way Americanism to triumph. 
 
 May 3, 1918. 
 
 [30] 
 
IV 
 
 BANISH LANGUAGE OF HUN FROM 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 My protest, published in The Sun of May 7, 
 against the teaching of German in our public 
 schools gets every day more friends. For na- 
 tional reasons of great importance to the present 
 and future safety of our country we must go 
 further in our well-understood and from the 
 American point of view well-justified endeavors 
 to bar German from our country and promote 
 by all means the spread and study of English. 
 Every true American must have a passion to see 
 English take the place of German in the homes 
 in America where German is spoken. If he does 
 not he is ignorant of the power of one's language 
 or is a camouflaged American or a soft senti- 
 mentalist, alias weakling, in regard to national 
 policies. 
 
 One of the articles of the German national 
 credo is that the position of the Germans in the 
 world depends on the number of the people who 
 will talk in the future German. 
 
 [31] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 One of the principal national aims of Germany 
 is to make her kultur a ^Weltkultur" and her 
 language a "Weltsprache." For that purpose 
 they have great funds for German schools and 
 propaganda of German kultur in foreign lands. 
 What they can't do by those means they hope to 
 impose by the might of their arms. How much 
 the Germans think of the power of one's lan- 
 guage shows plainly their cruel prosecution of 
 the Polish language in the provinces of old 
 Poland under German rule. Polish is the natives' 
 language, but it is eliminated from schools, 
 public life and worship in German Poland. 
 
 What shall we do here? What we do must be. 
 done well and at once and by federal authority 
 or action of Congress to make it nation-wide. 
 
 Let us eliminate the teaching of German from 
 public schools, private schools and Sunday 
 schools. 
 
 Forbid our public libraries to lend to readers 
 German books and our city and state officials to 
 spend public money for buying of German 
 books. 
 
 Forbid the printing and sale of German news- 
 papers. If, as sentimentalists claim, there are 
 Americans who do not know English, they must 
 
 [323 
 
BANISH LANGUAGE OF HUN 
 
 be ashamed of it. Such ones need urgently Eng- 
 lish primers, but certainly not German news- 
 papers. 
 
 Forbid the use of the German language at pub- 
 lic meetings. 
 
 Make English the official language of all 
 societies and lodges. 
 
 Forbid in war time the use of German in tele- 
 phonic conversation and telegrams. 
 
 An invitation ought to be sent to all German 
 churches to replace, when and where possible, 
 the German language in worship by the English 
 as a voluntary demonstration of loyal Ameri- 
 canism. Confine the use of German to homes 
 only and leave it optional with the German 
 churches as a language of worship. 
 
 All Teutons, subjects of the two Kaisers, 
 are enemies of the american nation. 
 Neither the hatred of America by Germany 
 will end with the present war nor will 
 the plans and attempts of the german na- 
 tion to dominate the world end with her 
 first failure. the germans will try it 
 
 AGAIN AND AGAIN. THE SOONER WE REALIZE 
 
 that the struggle of americanism against 
 Germanism is going to last for many years 
 
 [33] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 THE BETTER WILL WE BE PREPARED TO MEET SUC- 
 CESSFULLY THE MANY FORMS OF GERMAN EN- 
 MITY. A PASSION FOR ALL THINGS ENGLISH IN 
 
 THE United States is neither hysteria nor 
 
 FANATICISM NOR SILLY HATRED. IT IS A HEALTHY^ 
 VIGOROUS NATIONAL POLICY AND ABSOLUTELY 
 NECESSARY FOR THE FUTURE WELL-BEING OF OUR 
 COUNTRY. At the end of THIS WAR WE MUST 
 
 have all the melting elements of our coun- 
 try melted into loyal americanism, and 
 English must be the language of every 
 HOME in the United States. 
 
 May 30, 1 91 8. 
 
 [34] 
 
V 
 GERMAN IN THE SCHOOLS 
 
 ITS ELIMINATION URGED IN BEHALF OF A 
 FUTURE DECENT WORLD 
 
 G. W. K. did not read well my protest against 
 the retention of German instruction in the 
 schools or can't understand it. I did not advise 
 to drop the teaching of German because it is 
 difficult, but because "there is not real necessity 
 for it." 
 
 Does Mr. Advocate of German mean to say 
 that we shall not be an educated nation if we talk 
 perfect English and substitute French, Spanish 
 and Russian for German in our public schools, 
 as I advocate for very good reasons? 
 
 "The future uselessness of the German lan- 
 guage is a matter about which it is unsafe to 
 speculate. None can predict what the commer- 
 cial development of the next few decades will be. 
 The German language will continue to be im- 
 portant in the future .... has been considered 
 
 [35] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 of sufficient importance in the curricula of our 
 leading universities," says the advocate of Ger- 
 man. 
 
 Do not v^orry, sir. The Allies, whose eyes have 
 been opened to a real understanding of the 
 present and future German menace which will 
 not end with this war, will confine the usefulness 
 of the German language to the frontiers of Ger- 
 many and the German- Austrian provinces ; they 
 must make the commercial development of the 
 United States, of Great Britain and France their 
 leading enterprise and must do all in their power 
 to develop the individual, commercial and po- 
 litical interests of the Slav and Latin peoples, as 
 their permanent allies. They must do it, or the 
 Germans will do it for their own benefit! 
 
 The Teuton leaders, the German nation 
 and their friends know the economic war 
 against them must come ; they are terribly 
 AFRAID OF IT. It means the doom of German am- 
 bitions. The Allies must do it because this war 
 is only the first act in the world drama: Ger- 
 many's attempt at world conquest. GERMANY 
 WILL TRY IT AGAIN ! Only repeated failures will 
 reform the German nation and make her fit for 
 partnership. 
 
 [36] 
 
GERMAN IN THE SCHOOLS 
 Many subjects of limited value to the general 
 public are in curricula of universities; that is no 
 argument that German must be taught in our 
 public schools. 
 
 '^Shut up the study of German in public schools 
 merely because it is the tongue of our enemies or 
 weakens a man's love for his own country," are 
 not my arguments. I said to eliminate German 
 because it is a well-known fact that one of the 
 vital national German aims is to make the GER- 
 MAN KULTUR A WELTKULTUR AND THE GERMAN 
 LANGUAGE A WELTSPRACHE BY ALL MEANS POS- 
 SIBLE, AS WITNESS PROPAGANDA AND SPECIAL 
 
 FUNDS FOR German schools in foreign lands. 
 Germany desires to impose it on an unwilling 
 world by right of might. By teaching German in 
 public schools, I said in my protest, you help to 
 make German language a Weltsprache. I said in 
 my protest to bar German is not sufficient — but 
 an organized, very active, and universal propa- 
 ganda for the English language and English cul- 
 ture, on lines indicated by me, in all Slavic and 
 Latin nations, to combat the German propa- 
 ganda, is an urgent necessity for the future safety 
 and prosperity of the United States and our 
 Allies. Russia is ruined by German propaganda 
 
 [37] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 antedating the war and by the Bolshevik an- 
 archists under command of the cowardly Trot- 
 zky gang, who have camouflaged their Jewish 
 descent. 
 The war will not be won by hysteria — 
 
 HOW ARROGANT TO CALL ANTI-GERMAN AND PRO- 
 
 American propaganda a nervous disease — 
 but dropping of german from public schools 
 will hurt the germans more than many 
 lost battles by striking at one vital german 
 national aim: the making of german a 
 weltsprache, a world language! 
 
 It may interest the advocates of German that 
 the Teutons are waging a rabid and cruel war 
 against the Polish language and Polish culture 
 in the Polish provinces of Posen, lands inhabited 
 by Poles from time immemorial, their ancestral 
 homes. The Prussian kings have promised under 
 oath to respect the Pole's language and na- 
 tionality; they naturally have broken the Prus- 
 sian sacred pledges and try to exterminate the 
 Polish language by inhuman and mean persecu- 
 tion. It shows how much the Prussians think of 
 the power of one's language. 
 
 I STAND BY MY THESIS : BAR GERMAN LANGUAGE 
 FROM PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND SPREAD THE ENGLISH 
 
 [38] 
 
GERMAN IN THE SCHOOLS 
 
 LANGUAGE AND ENGLISH CULTURE TO EVERY 
 CORNER OF THE WORLD. 
 
 Hail to the Union League Club and Americans 
 who want to clean of Germanism our country! 
 
 Let the Germans and their friends talk, as the 
 Kaiser said to the Poles, "wie Ihnen der Schna- 
 bel gewachsen ist" in their homes! (How their 
 beaks have grown.) 
 
 New Britain, Conn., May 25, 1918. 
 
 [39] 
 
VI 
 LUSITANIA DAY 
 
 A NATIONAL MEMORIAL OBSERVANCE LEST 
 WE FORGET 
 
 The anniversary of the sinking of the Lusitania 
 should be designated a national memorial day 
 by act of Congress to commemorate the mar- 
 tyrdom of American men, women and children 
 who perished at sea, innocent victims of the 
 super-savage German submarine warfare. How 
 ashamed the Huns must be of the savage human 
 tribes of Borneo and New Guinea who have 
 mercy and pity on women and babies of their 
 enemies. 
 
 Lusitania day should be the great memorial 
 day for all American heroes fallen in the present, 
 the most sublime and unselfish war of the United 
 States. 
 
 Lusitania day should be an everlasting memo- 
 rial, as the Roman poet says, *'aere perenniusi' 
 to the insane brutality of the Teutons who have 
 violated all laws of God and man. 
 
 [40] 
 
LUSITANIA DAY 
 
 When the war is over and wounds are healed, 
 times, conditions and men have changed, we may 
 perhaps forget the sufferings and sacrifices of 
 our American martyrs and heroes as many great 
 historic events have been forgotten. That cannot 
 happen if Lusitania day is made a national me- 
 morial day. Future generations would meet 
 every May 7 for prayer, to pay respect to their 
 great dead, to renew their pledge of readiness 
 to sacrifice their all in defence of national honor 
 and country. 
 
 On May 7 the Teutons should hear forever our 
 "Remember the Lusitania!" and perhaps a new 
 and reformed Germany, ashamed of the Lusi- 
 tania murders, would answer, ''Never again." 
 Such a change in the nature of the Ger- 
 man NATION IS POSSIBLE ONLY IF THE GERMAN 
 PEOPLE SUFFER A CRUSHING DEFEAT, IF THE GER- 
 MAN NATION, AFTER ACCEPTING THE ALLIES' 
 TERMS OF PEACE, IS PUT ON PROBATION TO KEEP 
 PEACE FOR MANY YEARS TO COME BY A LEAGUE 
 OF NATIONS IN ARMS. 
 
 The men who talk of a league of disarmed 
 nations after this war are simply dreaming of an 
 impossible Utopian condition of world affairs, 
 totally forgetful of the character, organization 
 
 [41] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 and history of the German nation. Have Jena 
 and Austerlitz broken the German spirit? Did 
 Napoleon with his crushing victories, Ger- 
 many and Austria at his feet, cower the Teutons 
 for a long time? By no means. The Germans 
 forced the Slavs to help them and, driving the 
 Slav soldiers into their battles, regained their 
 freedom. 
 
 It is asserted that 60 per cent, of the soldiers in 
 the wars of liberation from Napoleon were Slav 
 soldiers. Millions of Slavs were brutally forced 
 by Austria to fight for Germany in the present 
 war against their own national interests. On 
 more millions of Slavs has Germany now laid 
 her oppressing hands with the intention to use 
 them in peace as cheap laborers, as soldiers and 
 "Kanonenfutter" in war to conquer the world 
 for Germany's use. 
 
 On this Lusitania day let every wise American 
 say: 
 
 ^'Germany, we did not know you before, but 
 now we are sure that you are the most brutal 
 outlaw among the nations, a terror and a menace 
 to human progress, freedom and civilization. 
 We shall beat you. We shall force you to keep 
 peace by a LEAGUE OF NATIONS IN ARMS. We 
 
 [42] 
 
LUSITANIA DAY 
 
 shall free the Slav nations from your tyrannous 
 grip, your unwilling soldiers in war, and indus- 
 trial slaves in peace. Never hereafter shall you 
 find us unprepared as we were on the fateful 
 May 7, 1915. 
 
 ''Hereafter, we will forever be prepared to 
 meet you and defeat you by our armed forces 
 in the air, on land, on sea and under sea — 
 American forces, raised by a universal mili- 
 tary SERVICE — UNTIL SUCH NATIONAL POLICY 
 
 proves to be mercenary beyond any doubt 
 whatever/' 
 
 Let the Lusitania day be a sacred national 
 memorial day and ordered so by act of con- 
 GRESS OF THE United States. 
 
 New Britain, May 11, 1918. 
 
 [43] 
 
VII 
 
 THE IRREDUCIBLE MINIMUM THAT 
 POLAND DEMANDS 
 
 SHE MUST BE REUNITED AS A FREE AND IN- 
 DEPENDENT STATE DEMOCRATICALLY 
 GOVERNED AND HAVING ACCESS 
 TO THE SEA 
 
 May a graduate of a Polish university, an in- 
 timate friend of such Polish leaders as the late 
 Francis Smolka, the famous President of the 
 Austrian Parliament, and Count Dzieduszycki, 
 tell the truth about Polish aspirations? 
 
 There is only one Polish national policy. All 
 Poles, excepting a few holding offices by the 
 grace of the Austrian Government, are agreed 
 on the following terms : 
 
 1. All Polish provinces, such as Galicia, 
 German and Russian Poland, must be 
 united in one national state of poland. 
 
 2. Poland must be a free and independent 
 state. 
 
 [44] 
 
THE DEMANDS OF POLAND 
 
 3. Poland must have a democratic govern- 
 ment. 
 
 4. Poland must have free access to the 
 SEA; Danzig was a Polish seaport to 1792. 
 
 5. These stipulations must be guaranteed 
 by the powers at the coming peace confer- 
 ence, to which representatives of the 
 Polish nation must be summoned. 
 
 No other terms, as those of semi-independence 
 or autonomy under protection and sovereignty 
 of a foreign Power, can ever satisfy the Poles. 
 
 The United States through President Wilson 
 demanded a free and united Poland in January, 
 1917. The Poles are grateful and believe that the 
 United States will help Poland to her freedom 
 more than any other Power. The Poles know 
 that America's victory means Poland's victory 
 and independence. That explains the enthusiasm 
 of the Poles in the American army and the love 
 of the Poles for America. 
 
 The relations of Poland to the Allies need a 
 little explanation. Poland belongs to the West in 
 thought, spirit, literature, art and political as- 
 pirations, if by the West we mean France, Italy 
 and England. Poland's heart and soul were al- 
 ways and are with France. Poland's history is 
 
 C45] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 full of wars against Tartars and Turks, the 
 brothers in spirit and arms of the present-day 
 Huns ; they were wars to shield European civili- 
 zation from Ottoman destruction. 
 
 Poland has had two terrible enemies. One is 
 over a thousand years old, the Prussians trans- 
 mitting their brutal and maniacal ideas of exter- 
 minating the Polish race from their forefathers 
 to the present generation of Prussians. The other 
 cruel destroyer and oppressor of Poland was 
 autocratic Russia, a member of the Allies. That 
 Russian autocracy is dead; we hope gone for- 
 ever! The new Russia has declared for an inde- 
 pendent Poland, partly to atone for past wrongs, 
 partly from motives of humanity and justice, and 
 partly because she has lost the ownership of 
 Polish lands. 
 
 So THE Poles have at present only one im- 
 placable ENEMY V^HOSE BESTIAL V^RONGS, A 
 
 thousand years old, can never be forgotten : 
 Prussia. 
 
 How can any Pole state that "Polish interests 
 are in accordance with those of the Central 
 Powers," and claim Polish leadership? If he 
 believes so he has a distorted personal opinion. 
 If he claims to be a representative of the Poles 
 
 [46] 
 
THE DEMANDS OF POLAND 
 
 he is a fool or a liar. Nine hundred and ninety- 
 nine Poles out of a thousand are pro-Ally. A 
 Teutonized Poland is absolutely impossible. The 
 German language and customs, German politics 
 and aspirations, are sincerely hated. Polish in- 
 terests are in accord with the present aims of the 
 Allies, if a real independent and united Poland 
 is made by the Allies a condition sine qua non of 
 peace. 
 
 Occasionally statesmen of the Allies have 
 spoken in vague terms about a free or ^^autono- 
 mous" Poland. That is not satisfactory to the 
 Poles. We Poles want and need a collective, of- 
 ficial declaration by all the allied Powers that no 
 peace is possible unless Poland is independent, 
 united and has access to the sea. 
 
 Such a declaration is urgently needed (i) to 
 counteract German intrigues and (2) because we 
 hear lately from the Allies so much about Al- 
 sace-Lorraine and Belgium and so little about 
 Poland's future status, and (3) because of a dec- 
 laration that "no dismemberment of empires" is 
 to be one of the preliminary terms of peace. That 
 is dangerous to Poland's cause. 
 
 How can Poland be free if Austrian and Ger- 
 man Poland are not disannexed? Poland has 
 
 [47] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 been so much sinned against by the Powers, so 
 many times disappointed in her hopes, so many 
 times have promises given her been broken. 
 England's policy toward Poland's national 
 claims has been mostly indifferent in the past. 
 France cheered Poland often with kind and sym- 
 pathetic words, but not with real, material and 
 effective help to gain her freedom. Russia merely 
 oppressed Poland. 
 
 Now THE Allies must not forget Poland 
 AGAIN. Her claims to independence are by 
 
 NO MEANS OF LESS IMPORTANCE THAN BEL- 
 GIUM'S. The mistakes of the past must be 
 
 MADE GOOD. ALL POLAND WAITS ANXIOUSLY FOR 
 AN OFFICIAL COLLECTIVE DECLARATION BY ALL 
 
 THE Allies that no peace is possible with- 
 out A FREE UNITED POLAND. 
 
 Then let the Allies organize and lead Polish 
 armies under Poland's flag from Russia, France 
 and America. 
 
 September 26, 1917. 
 
 [48] 
 
VIII 
 THE POLE'S NATIONALITY 
 
 A CALL FOR THE RECOGNITION OF POLAND 
 AS AN INDEPENDENT STATE 
 
 May I respectfully beg you to use the influence 
 of your paper to gain for the Poles in the United 
 States the right to register as Poles and not force 
 on them the outrage of being considered as 
 Germans or Austrians? I am a Pole, and believe 
 me, sir, it breaks my heart to be branded as 
 Austrian. Every student of history knows that 
 the Poles hate the Teutons, their enemies for the 
 last i,ooo years. So long has been the struggle for 
 existence of the Polish nation against the Ger- 
 mans! I may say it is an everyday w^ar, because 
 V^hen it is not a V^ar WITH ARMS ON THE BATTLE- 
 FIELDS IT IS AN ENDLESS FIGHT AGAINST INDUS- 
 TRIAL, FINANCIAL AND POLITICAL TEUTON DOM- 
 INATION. 
 
 The Poles in America have the same feelings 
 against the Germans. They dislike Austrians and 
 Germans more sincerely than Americans could 
 
 [49] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 ever do, because they have suffered untold 
 miseries at the hands of Teutons before coming 
 to this country. 
 
 In this critical war time as always in the past 
 the Poles have only sentiments of gratitude, re- 
 spect, loyalty and love for the Government and 
 the citizens of the United States. THEY REALIZE 
 THAT America's victory is Poland's victory, 
 
 THAT their only TRUE FRIENDS ARE THE AMER- 
 ICANS. 
 
 Now it is alleged that the United States and the 
 Allies are aiming to see Poland united and inde- 
 pendent. In January, 1917, President Wilson 
 said that all statesmen have agreed on it. De- 
 cember 4, 1917, the President said that he was 
 thinking of Poland. Why could not America 
 give some concrete expression to these aims in 
 recognizing Poland as an independent state, 
 whose frontiers are to be drawn exactly at the 
 peace conference, and give the Poles in America 
 the right to register as Poles? The Central 
 Powers have already recognized some kind of 
 an independent Poland. It cannot hurt the 
 United States to take such a step. Such a recog- 
 nition of the Poles as an independent nation 
 would 
 
 [50] 
 
THE POLE^S NATIONALITY 
 
 1. Define properly the status of all Poles in the 
 United States ; 
 
 2. Allow the Poles to register as what they are, 
 as Poles ; 
 
 3. Help the Poles in Europe in their fight for 
 freedom and liberty. 
 
 A nation of twenty million Poles waits 
 anxiously for America's recognition of Poland's 
 independence. 
 
 America, we pray, call us by our historic right 
 and dear name of Poles. We hate to be considered 
 as Germans, Austrians or Russians. 
 
 New Britain, Conn., December 7, 1917. 
 
 [51] 
 
IX 
 POLAND AND GERMANY 
 
 A DISSECTION OF THE INFAMOUS TERMS 
 OFFERED BY THE PRUSSIANS 
 
 The Poles can neither consider seriously nor 
 accept nor tolerate without violent protests Ger- 
 many's plan for a free Poland as published by 
 the Augsburg Abend Zeitung. That plan is an 
 attempt to destroy in instalments the national, 
 political and industrial body of Poland. Such a 
 brutal policy can be imposed on Poland only by 
 a permanent military occupation of the country 
 by Prussian executioners. 
 
 Poland's answer will be a continuous revolt 
 against the Germans. Down with Prussia! Down 
 with Austria! We wish all as just punishment, 
 miseries and defeat to the German oppressors of 
 Poland, whose policy since Bismarck's time is 
 to exterminate the Poles. Glory and triumph are 
 due to America that promised us a united, free 
 and independent, democratic Poland with access 
 to the seas. 
 
 [52] 
 
POLAND AND GERMANY 
 
 The promises to Poland cannot be kept, the 
 Polish problem not justly solved, without disan- 
 nexing from Austria Galicia and part of Silesia; 
 from Germany Posen and parts of East Prussia 
 and Silesia. Prussia would consider it a supreme 
 sacrifice to return the stolen Polish lands. SHE 
 will concede it only when her own armies 
 have crossed in flight the rhine back into 
 Germany, when the Allies' armies have 
 TAKEN Trieste and Laibach and driven the 
 Germans from Poland and Russia. Many 
 Poles sometimes doubt that the Allies 
 would insist on it for poland's sake but for 
 America's interference. 
 
 The Poles have so many times been disap- 
 pointed in their hopes by the European Powers 
 that they really have the fullest confidence and 
 faith only in the justice and strength of America. 
 We believe that America will not compromise 
 on the Polish problem, and will influence the 
 Allies to stand by Poland. Let us now interpret 
 the German conditions to a free Poland: 
 
 ^The frontiers will be fixed by the German 
 high command according to military necessi- 
 ties." 
 
 It means a slicing in all directions of important 
 
 [53] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 parts of Russian Poland, as the districts of Dom- 
 brovo, Lodz, Chelm, Lomza, Grodno, the re- 
 duction of Poland to a little more than the prov- 
 ince of Warsaw. 
 
 ^'The Polish army will be restricted to 90,000." 
 
 An impotent army sufficient to police the coun- 
 try, but unable to defend Poland against the at- 
 tacks of a strong neighbor. 
 
 ''For fifty years Poland must make most favor- 
 able economic concessions to the Central Powers 
 on the principle of the most favored nation." 
 
 That means economical, industrial and finan- 
 cial enslavement of Poland by Germany, a con- 
 scription of all Poland's future wealth by Prus- 
 sia. 
 
 "Publication of German, Austrian, Hungarian, 
 Bulgarian and Turkish papers must be al- 
 lowed." 
 
 We can't understand it. There is not an Aus- 
 trian language. Hungarians, Bulgars and Turks 
 are not living in Poland. Do the satanic Teutons 
 intend forcibly to colonize Poland with such 
 people? 
 
 "In any locality where there are ten German 
 children a German school will be opened." 
 
 That means a German school in every Polish 
 
 [54] 
 
POLAND AND GERMANY 
 
 village, because where there are not three Ger- 
 man families the Germans will always find three 
 Jewish families willing to register as Germans. 
 It means a Germanization of Poland by force 
 and Poland to pay the costs of it. Ninety-eight 
 per cent, of the Jews in Poland, the millions of 
 them, would be supporters of German schools 
 and Germanization. A terrible future for the 
 native Poles. 
 
 '^The German conditions will be incorporated 
 in the constitution, which cannot be modified 
 without the approval of the Central Powers." 
 
 That amounts practically to slavery. No free 
 and independent state could accept such condi- 
 tions. Such a German Poland would be a repu- 
 diation of all high aims of the Allies in this war, 
 a negation of all human rights to which the 
 Poles are entitled as well as the British, the 
 French or others. 
 
 We believe that America will never allow 
 Germany to enslave the Poles in such an 
 
 INFAMOUS AND TERRIBLE WAY. We TRUST AMER- 
 ICA. She IS THE GREAT HOPE OF POLAND AND ALL 
 
 THE Slavs. 
 July 12, 1918. 
 
 [55] 
 
X 
 
 BURIAN'S PRETENCES 
 
 THE FALSENESS OF HIS WORDS ON AUSTRIA'S 
 SITUATION EXPOSED 
 
 Baron Burian does not speak for the national- 
 ities of Austria and Hungary. He may represent 
 his weak master, Karl von Hapsburg, by whose 
 grace he holds office and draws a fat salary, and 
 perhaps a minority of the Germans of Austria 
 and the Magyars of Hungary. I say a minority 
 because the majority of the Austrian Germans 
 are worshippers of the Potsdam gang and look to 
 a unification with Germany, and the majority of 
 the Hungarians dream of a complete independ- 
 ence for Hungary with privileges to continue 
 the present oppression of the non-Magyar races 
 of Hungary. 
 
 Baron Burian represents the yellow and black 
 striped mentality (yellow and black are the Aus- 
 trian national colors) of the Austro-Hungarian 
 government employees. They are creatures 
 
 [56] 
 
BURIAN^S PRETENCES 
 
 without soul, character and true morality. They 
 have sold their all to the government to climb 
 higher the ladder of officialdom for high sala- 
 ries, decorations, titles and official honors. Their 
 manners are very polite. The faculties of their 
 minds are limited. The importance of their office 
 is measured by their ability to lie and lie, to 
 break promises, to master the arts of hypocrisy 
 and intrigue. Baron Burian is for the moment 
 their master. He represents only those yellow- 
 black officials. His last speech is nothing but a 
 web of lies. The only true passages are those re- 
 ferring to America and the Allies' moral and 
 just aims. We are glad, that at least he is able to 
 understand it. 
 
 How contemptible is Baron Burian when he 
 asserts : 
 
 ^'These States with their various nationalities 
 are no accidental structure, but a product of his- 
 torical and ethnographical necessity which carry 
 in themselves the fundamental principle of life 
 and race." 
 
 Certainly they are not an accidental structure, 
 but a historical enslavement of different races by 
 the sword and fire of conquest, by plunder and 
 intrigue and by those famous imperial marriages 
 
 [57] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 expressed in the motto: ^'Tu felix Austria nube" 
 (You Austria fortunate by marriages). 
 
 Has Baron Burian forgotten the revolutionary 
 years of 1848, 1849 and 1867, that the Austrian 
 constitution camouflaged by the notorious para- 
 graph 14 was given to the people after lost wars 
 and revolutions? Does he not know that the 
 policies of Vienna and Budapest are hated and 
 cursed by the great majority of the people every 
 hour of every day; that since 1848 all national- 
 ities of Austria fight and struggle for release 
 from the Austro-Hungarian terrible prison to 
 national freedom, independence and unity with 
 the national fragments on the frontiers of Aus- 
 tria-Hungary? 
 
 Has Baron Burian forgotten the resolutions of 
 all Poles for independence in May, 1917, in Cra- 
 cow? Is he deaf to the incessant clamorous claims 
 of all Czechs, Jugoslavs, Italians and Ruma- 
 nians and others for separation from Austria- 
 Hungary? He keeps them down only by brute 
 force of arms, oppression of every kind, execu- 
 tions by the tens of thousands, and when in need 
 or cowardly flight from the battlefield appeals 
 to the Hohenzollern hangman for help to per- 
 petuate that despicable tyranny. 
 
 [58] 
 
BURIAN'S PRETENCES 
 
 How shameless to call such conditions ^*fun- 
 damental principle of life and race." "As has 
 always been the case for centuries past, the states 
 and races of the monarchy will settle their in- 
 ternal problems in agreement with their ruler." 
 You must be blind, deaf and dumb. Baron 
 Burian. We all are in this fight to make a cen- 
 turies-old oppression impossible. Your master, a 
 weakling and servant of the Kaiser, the son of 
 an unworthy father and a member of a family 
 of stupid tyrants, may have to choose between a 
 life with the present fortunes of Nicholas II of 
 Russia or something worse. 
 
 Neither you nor your kind will settle the affairs 
 of the oppressed nationalities of Austria-Hun- 
 gary. It will be done by their chosen representa- 
 tives at the peace conference. 
 
 The great majority of the subjects of Austria- 
 Hungary hope, believe and trust to hear the 
 answer of the great American Republic and 
 because of her interference the answer of the 
 Allies to Baron Burian's arrogant peace feelers 
 as follows : 
 
 We are in this war for justice and freedom and 
 independence of every nationality imprisoned in 
 the state of Austria-Hungary. Nothing is by 
 
 [59] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 human and moral right Austrian but the Ger- 
 man provinces of Austria, nothing Hungarian 
 but the land inhabited by the 8,000,000 Magyars. 
 That may be free and independent. The German 
 Austria may exist as a free state or unite with 
 Germany. The Czechs, Slovaks and Moravians 
 will form a free Bohemia. The Poles belong to 
 a free united Poland. The Serbs, meaning the 
 Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, will form a free 
 greater Serbia. The Italians, Rumanians and 
 Ruthenians will be attached to their respective 
 mother countries. We do not annex, we simply 
 are resolved to return the stolen liberties, the 
 stolen independence to their rightful owners, the 
 people, in accord with the laws of God and man. 
 It is our resolve, our pledge. No compromise is 
 possible. It is the aim of our supreme sacrifices, 
 the only foundation and guarantee of a just and 
 lasting peace. 
 
 Julius Hupert, M. D. 
 
 New Britain, Conn., July 19. 
 
 [60] 
 
XI 
 BEAT GERMANY! 
 
 THAT IS THE SUPREME TASK AND DUTY OF 
 THE UNITED STATES 
 
 I beg you to print on the top of your paper, just 
 over the title The Sun, the following phrase: 
 
 To beat Germany is the United States' supreme 
 duty and chief business. 
 
 Doing it and inducing other patriotic news- 
 papers to follow you, you may do more good than 
 expected. Such a motto printed on the top of 
 every American paper will remind thousands of 
 their duty every day. 
 
 An enormous peace propaganda is tacitly and 
 openly carried on. You understand that peace 
 at the present time means admission of a German 
 victory and a German peace; it is humiliation 
 and more or less of enslavement by Germany of 
 every nation of the world. 
 
 To THINK OF PEACE BEFORE BEATING GERMANY 
 IS WEAKNESS, TO TALK OF IT BEFORE VICTORY IS 
 
 [6l] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 FOLLY, TO BARGAIN WITH GERMANY BEFORE DE- 
 FEATING Germany is a desperate surrender. 
 
 Many Americans do not realize it because they 
 do not know that the Germans are not able and fit 
 to think, to feel and act like the free Americans. 
 
 With the blood of their forefathers the Ger- 
 mans have inherited the lust to war on their 
 neighbors, to murder them, to plunder them of 
 land, wealth and political freedom. This in- 
 herited maniacal desire for war has been enor- 
 mously increased by the peculiar German educa- 
 tion and military propaganda, whose national 
 policies are expressed in mottoes as "DRANG 
 NACH osten" and "Deutchland uber alles." 
 
 I know the Germans very well. That is why I 
 tell you they are not able to think as free men do. 
 
 A peace with such rascals, victorious as they are 
 now, would be a calamity for the United States 
 and the other nations. That urges me to ask you 
 to print every day on the top of The Sun: 
 
 "To BEAT Germany is the United States' 
 
 SUPREME DUTY AND CHIEF BUSINESS." 
 New Britain, Conn., March 13, 1918. 
 
 [62] 
 
XII 
 THE CAUSES OF THE WAR 
 
 [Published in The Hartford Times, August 15, 1914.] 
 
 "Freedom for the Poles and the other op- 
 pressed races of Europe is the only guarantee for 
 peace in Europe." 
 
 The real causes of the present world crisis, the 
 Pan-European war, are misunderstood, when 
 the assassination of the Austrian Crown Prince 
 and the desire of the Serbian people for political 
 unification are proffered as the causes of the 
 present war. That tragic act was only the spark 
 which lighted the European powder house. 
 
 Since 1846, the different races of Europe are 
 trying by legal and legislative work, and by revo- 
 lutions and wars, to establish : 
 
 First. National, independent, political states. 
 
 Second. To replace autocracies by democratic 
 governments. The Italians had to fight Austria 
 in 1859, to get a united and democratic Italy. 
 Only a part of Italy, the Trentino and Trieste, 
 
 [63] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 suffers still under Austrian government. The 
 Prussians had to crush Austria in 1866 and to 
 triumph over France in 1870, to unite the big 
 majority of the Germans into one political 
 Empire. THAT UNIFICATION IS NOT FINISHED, 
 
 AS THE 10,000,000 Austrian-Germans are to 
 
 BE UNITED INTO A NEW AND BIGGER GERMANY. 
 
 The creation of the independent states of Ru- 
 mania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro 
 and at last Albania, was the result of several 
 v^ars. But that process of '^NATIONALIZATION" 
 of races is not completed. Some races, as the 
 Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Slavonians, are totally 
 ignored; others, as the Serbs, Rumanians, are 
 only partially independent; large fragments of 
 these races are under an oppressing Austro-Hun- 
 garian domination. Let us review the oppressed 
 races of Europe : 
 
 First. The Poles. Twenty millions, once a 
 mighty kingdom, divided in three parts by the 
 most infamous political crime, called the parti- 
 tion of Poland. In Germany are three and a half 
 millions living under terrible oppression. 
 Mighty Prussia is waging a war of extermina- 
 tion on their Polish citizens by colonization of 
 Polish lands with Germans, by dispossession, by 
 
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THE CAUSES OF THE WAR 
 
 driving out the Polish language from all schools, 
 courts, ojfBces and public meetings of Poles. All 
 officials and teachers are Germans. The hatred 
 of Prussians for the Poles is an obsession. They 
 fear the vision of a free Poland as the murderer 
 the ghost of his victims. 
 
 In Russia are living 12,000,000 Poles. Their op- 
 pression by the Russian government is just as bad 
 as in Germany. Any movement in Petersburg to 
 make the conditions of the Poles in Russia more 
 bearable was, as a rule, to be strongly opposed by 
 the authorities in Berlin. 
 
 In Austria are living 4,500,000 Poles. They 
 have a partial autonomy. Pay for it, heavy taxes, 
 must serve in the Austrian army and fight in the 
 Austrian wars. 
 
 These twenty million of suffering Poles 
 want, work for, and dream of a united 
 Poland, a free, independent, democratic 
 Poland. They hate all three oppressors, they 
 wait with anxiety for the result of the present 
 war! Their beloved country is devastated by the 
 present war, Poland being the battlefield of the 
 three enemies, the flower of their manhood is 
 forced to battle for the hated oppressors. They 
 hope France and Great Britain may build a 
 
 [65] 
 
EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 free Poland, but they may be deceived as in the 
 past. 
 
 Second. The Czechs, Bohemians. They are 
 seven millions and live all in Austria and hate 
 the Germans. They are industrious, thrifty, cul- 
 tured, prosperous. Their sympathies are with 
 Russia. They desire to have the Kingdom of 
 Bohemia revived. It was crushed by Austria. 
 The Czechs want a free democratic Bo- 
 hemia. 
 
 Third. Two million Slovaks in northwestern 
 Hungary are oppressed by the Magyar govern- 
 ment of Budapest. They desire home rule, they 
 hate the Hungarians. 
 
 Fourth. Seven million Serbs-Croatians living 
 in the southern part of Austria and Hungary. 
 They have only partial autonomy. The Serbians 
 and Croatians are really brothers. The Croatians 
 are Roman-Catholic and use Latin letters for the 
 Serbian language, while the Serbs are mostly 
 Greek-Orthodox and use Greek letters. They 
 WANT A UNIFICATION WITH INDEPENDENT 
 
 Serbia. They are suffering for centuries from 
 Austro-Hungarian oppression. 
 
 Fifth. Slavonians, 1,500,000 of them in south- 
 ern Austria and Dalmatia. They are a part of 
 
 [66] 
 
THE CAUSES OF THE WAR 
 
 the southern Slavs, desiring their political free- 
 dom. 
 
 Sixth. Ruthenians, 3,500,000 in Austria and 
 Hungary and 11,000,000 in Russia, dream of a 
 political independence. They never were a po- 
 litical entity, like the Albanians, but they are a 
 Slavic race to be distinguished from the proper 
 Russian by language and religion, being mostly 
 Greek-Catholics. 
 
 Seventh. Rumanians, a Latin race, 4,000,000 of 
 them oppressed by Austria and Hungary, desire 
 a unification with the independent Kingdom of 
 Rumania. They were once united. 
 
 Eighth. One million Italians under Austria 
 desire unification with Italy. 
 
 Ninth. Hungarians, 9,000,000, have the most 
 of privileges under Austrian domination, but 
 want a wholly independent state of their own 
 and to get it in 1848 and 1867 were fighting 
 Austria. They hate the Austrian-Germans, but 
 oppress and try in vain to Magyarize the Slavs 
 and Rumanians in Hungary. 
 
 Tenth. Ten million Austrian-Germans dom- 
 inate the other races of the Austrian Empire, 
 but a majority want a unification with Germany. 
 
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EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
 
 Eleventh. Two million Albanians in process of 
 creating an independent political state. 
 
 Eleven races and 72,000,000 of dissatisfied 
 people, the majority of them forced together by 
 cruel conquest into THAT POLITICAL COMPOUND 
 OF INCOMPATIBILITIES CALLED AUSTRIA-HUN- 
 GARY. The majority of them oppressed, misgov- 
 erned and bullied into submission by the Ger- 
 man government of Austria, in Vienna, or the 
 Magyar government in Budapest. All under the 
 supreme command of the Berlin government 
 and the interests of Deutschland (iber alles! 
 
 Every one of these oppressed races aspires to be 
 a national, independent, political state, and 
 works for that ideal since 1846. It is their natural 
 right to be independent as are France, England, 
 Italy, Germany, etc. These races, except the 
 Austrian-Germans, at present conquered, perse- 
 cuted and oppressed by German, Russian and 
 Magyar power must in time win their political 
 freedom and will fight to get their freedom, 
 their human rights. 
 
 The conditions sine qua non, to give the op- 
 pressed races of Europe their freedom, are: 
 
 I. The dissolution of that political compound 
 of incompatibilities called Austro-Hungary; 
 
 [68] 
 
THE CAUSES OF THE WAR 
 
 and that process started in 1859 when Austria 
 lost her Italian provinces. 
 
 2. The transformation of the present empires 
 and military, aristocratic and clerical autoc- 
 racies INTO DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICS. The desire 
 of the oppressed races for a national, political, 
 independent life, and the longing of the people 
 for a real democratic government for the people 
 and by the people on one hand, and the unwill- 
 ingness of the ruling autocracies to yield to the 
 people their power on the other hand, are the 
 real causes of the European war. 
 
 The dismemberment of Austria-Hungary, the 
 creation of independent republics of every race, 
 is the only guarantee of a permanent peace in 
 Europe. The present war may fulfill that mis- 
 sion, partially or completely. If the latter 
 results, the war will be blessed by future genera- 
 tions ! 
 
 New Britain, Conn., August 13, 1914. 
 
 [69] 
 
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