BHMIil mam 111111 BHMHIrs9B88B( ^^ Mm HHiL & El ffl&B Brail WSm UBI HEB MEM Mm ISli / . . ■ % i $ a "^ - .-ll 1 > ■ I i A NEW CONCORDANCE 4/7 /* and /uCff#n*< DICTIONARY TO THE HOLY SCRIPTURES. BEING THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE AND CONCISE OF ANY BEFORE PUBLISHED, IN WHICH ANY WORD OR PASSAGE OF SCRIPTURE MAY BE EASILY FOUND THE SIGNIFICATION IS GIVEN OF ALL PROPER NAMES OF MEN, WOMEN, BEASTS, BIRDS, FISHES, CITIES, TOWNS, RIVERS : MOUNTAINS, PRECIOUS STONES, AND OTHER THINGS MENTIONED IN SCRIPTURE. TOGETHER WITH THE DIFFERENT ACCEPTATIONS OF SCRIPTURE WORDS ; A DEFINITION OF GOSPEL DOCTRINES : AND SEVERAL TYPES AND FIGURES OPENED. i THE WHOLE CALCULATED TO MAKE THE CHRISTIAN INTELLIGENT, AND PROMOTE AN INCREASE OF HIS KNOW- LEDGE IN DIVINE THINGS. BY JOHN BUTTERWORTH, MINISTER OF THE GOSPEL. THEY RECEIVED THE WORD WITH ALL READINESS OF MIND, AND SEARCHED THE SCRIPTURES DAILY WHETHER THOSE THINGS WERE SO. Acts Xvii. 11. COMPARING SPIRITUAL THINGS WITH SPIRITUAL. 1 Cor. ii. 13. PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM W. WOODWARD, CORNER OF SECOND AND CHESNUT STREETS. WILLIAM BROWN, PRINTER, CHURCH-ALLEY. 1811. \ i J I JF LC Control Number PREFACE. CHRISTIAN READER, THE Holy scriptures are a revelation from Heaven, a lively impress of the glories of the divine majesty ; authen- ticated by the most astonishing miracles, the accomplish- ment of ancient predictions, and by their energy on the hearts of men ; in illuminating, convincing and comforting them, in a way superior to all the powers of nature. There is nothing relative to the actions, words, or thoughts of men, but what falls under their inspection, Heb. iv. 12. nor any thing respecting our duty to God or men, but what is included and inculcated in the sacred oracles-. To the real believer in Christ, the word is a joyful sound, Psal. lxxxix. 15. — Good news from a far country, Prov. xxv. 25. — A word in season, as apples of gold, in pictures, or baskets, of silver, Prov. xxv. 11. — and a fountain of living refreshing streams to all who thirst for the consola- tions of God. They are the subject matter of Zion's songs in the house of their pilgrimage : And in the Scriptures are held forth every thing the saint wishes for, or can de- sire, to make him happy and blessed for ever. 1. They are his storehouse and repository of all supplies. Herein wisdom hath mingled her wine, and furnished her table, Prov. ix. 2. If we want wisdom and understanding, the word is a lamp to our feet, and a light to our paths : The entrance thereof into the heart giveth light ; it giveth understanding to the simple, Psal. cxix. 105, 130. and is able to make us wise to salvation, through faith which is in Christ Jesus, 2 Tim, iii. 15. If we want pardon to our guil- ty souls, here is the balm of Gilead. Herein the almighty redeemer is held forth as a full propitiation for our sins, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life, John iii. 14, 15, 16. should receive remis- sion of sin, and its removal from him, as far as the East is from the West, Acts x. 43. Psal. ciii. 12. Do we want sup- port, help, deliverance from enemies, and evils without or within ? Here is a promise r that strength shall be equal to our day, Deut. xxxiii. 25. that the grace of Jesus Christ shall be sufficient for us, 2 Cor. xii. 9. and that Christ will be with us, and a very present help in trouble, Jsa. xli. 10. Psal. xlvi. 1. — Do we want food for our souls, the bread of life ? Here it is promised,- He shall feed his flock like a shepherd, Isa. xl. 11. For the lamb which is in the midst of the throne shall feed them, and shall lead them unto living fountains of waters, Rev. vii. 17. And God will supply ail our need, according to his riches in edory by Christ Jesus, Phil. iv. 19. . 2. The Scriptures are the believer's museum, abounding with the greatest rarities and curiosities to entertain and di- vert his mind. The narratives of Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Sarnson, Samuel, David, Daniel, Paul, and other great wor- thies recorded in Scripture, are incomparably entertaining and instructive, beyond any thing to be found in human '■omposures. The divine perfections shine brighter in the v, ord of God, than in all his works of creation, Psal. exxxviii. The unprecedented march of Israel through the Red Sea, and the great river Jordan, at a time when it overflowed all its banks ; — the conquest of the Moabites, and Midianites, by a thousand men from each tribe, without the loss of one :r,gle person ; — the daily descent of manna from Heaven, for forty years, by which near two millions of persons were richly fed ;— the fall of the walls of Jericho, at the sound of ram's-horns ; Gideon's conquest of a numerous host, with three hundred men, having lamps and pitchers ; — the ending ttill cf the sun in the midst of Heaven, at the word of Joshua ; — the wonderous achievements of Samson ; — the preservation of the three worthies, in the midst of a fierce burning fiery furnace, &c. are such instances of the amazing power of Gocl, and his concern for, and love to, his people, as may justly excite our admiration and praise, and encour- age us to trust and confide in a God of such matchless power, and unparrallcllcd goodness and mercy, for all we need. Who can utter the mighty acts of the Lord ? who can shew forth all his praise ? He spake, the Sun obedient stood, And held the falling 1 day : Old Jordan backward drives his flood, And disappoints the sea. Dr. Watts. If we desire to be delighted, instructed, made wise and in- telligent, and enriched with things noble, sublime, and invi- gorating to the heart, let us be incessantly conversant with the Bible. Men's books with heaps of chaff are stor'd : God's book doth golden grains afford : Then leave the chaff, and spend thy pains, In gathering up the golden grains. Behxatid. 3. The word of God is the believer's sanctuary and hiding-piace in a stormy day, as there is something therein suited to every circumstance ; and that can, under the influ- ence of the Holv Spirit, eive ease and relief under all situa- tions and conditions of life. 4. The word is compared to a glass, through which all objects maybe viewed, both great and minute, both evil and good, of time and eternity, temporal and spiritual, 2 Cor. iii. 18. In this glass, a sinner may see his own features and likeness, what spots are upon him, the lineaments of his soul, and its qualities and dispositions ; whether they are such as resemble the God of love, purity and holiness, or the fallen spirit of pride, infidelity, ignorance and unclean- ness. It is like a perspective glass, through which distant objects relating to heaven and hell may be discerned ; and it would be of signal advantage to us, to make frequent use of it in these respects. It is as a microscopic glass, where! . those sins which some think to be diminutive and small, appear to be high crimes, committed against an infinite God ; for as there is no little God, consequently no sin committed against God can be little, though there are degrees of guilt attending sinful actions. Nor does the word only concern christians, that is, be- lievers in Christ, but it has also to do with the ungodly and prophane : It points out their state, remonstrates against their conduct, and invites them to iisten to its dictates, and partake of its blessings, Prov. i. 22, 23. chap. ix. 5. It is a word behind them saying, This is the way, walk ye in it. Listen, O sinner, to the voice, And holy angels will rejoice To see a soul redeem'd from death, And brought to live on Christ by faith. God absolutely declares, and positively asserts in his word, that sinners must be converted, and have their hearts changed and renewed by his holy, spirit, or be finally misera- ble ; must repent of their sins, and turn to God through Jesus Christ, by a faith of his operation, or perish in their sins. Hence, he calls to sinners, Turn ye, turn ye, why will ye die ? Ezek. xxxiii. 11. It is the standing righteous lav/ of heaven, that you must turn or die ; and why will ye stand it out against God, to your own ruin? Why will ye die? Perhaps some will say, " We cannot turn ourselves.'-' May IV" PREFACE. you then cry to God with Ephraim, Turn thou me, and I shall be turned, Jer. xxxi. 18. The word says, Ask, and ye shall receive, Matt, vii. 7. It is an instance of amazing condescension in God, that he will take any notice of you, will reason with you, and lay the case before you. He might have kept eternal silence respecting you, and not afforded you such means of instruction, nor a revelation of these things in his word. When a man has received some great affront and injury from another, he commonly seeks to be revenged, or passes by the offender in sullen silencer If God had acted thus, we should have been eternally ruined. But O the kindness, the compassion and forbearance of a God, towards those who have offered him the highest affronts, and greatest indignities ! and have said in their hearts and actions, we have no part in Jesus Christ, nor inheritance in the Son of God ! And yet the Lord seeks to be gracious, and hath explicitly made known in his word the way of escape, peace and safety. Some will allow the necessity of repentance to the car- nally prophane, but imagine it needless to the morally .honest. O sirs ! this is a dangerous and ruinous sentiment, invented by Satan to quiet the conscience, and lull it to sleep in carnal security. Our Lord urged the necessity of being born again unto Nicodcmus, a master in Israel, John iii. 3,7. and assures us, that except our righteousness shall exceed that of the Scribes and Pharisees, we shall in no case enter the kingdom of heaven, Matt. v. 20. Every man by nature has a sinful corrupted heart, which alienates him" from God, and attaches him to things worldly and sinful, Rom. viii. 7. and without a new heart and nature, he can never love God, nor enjoy a union of heart to him. Search the Scriptures, and pray to God for an understanding of them, that you may escape every pernicious snare and evil, and be led to place your hopes and happiness in Jesus Christ, and his precious word. You have the means afforded of knowing the word of God ; and of all books which have been wrote by men, in order to enlighten and instruct the mind in the knowledge of the Scriptures, there are none more calculated to this end than a good Concordance and Dictionary of the Bible. The consideration hereof encouraged me to begin and go through this laborious work : and I have used my utmost endeavour, to make it as full and complete as I could, in so small a volume. Having had many years experience of the utility and advan- tage of such a work, I have often wished that the use hereof might be more general, and that every family, especially every godly family, might have a Concordance and Dictionary, as well as the Bible in their houses : and observing, that all the small ones which have been published, are so very deficient, as. generally to disappoint the inquirer after a scripture text ; and the larger ones too expensive to be obtained by many fami- lies ; and if obtained yet do not give the sense of scripture words, which are many of them needful to be known ; I had therefore an inclination to write a Concordance and Diction- ary, in one octavo volume, chiefly containing what is need- ful in Cruden's Concordance, and Wilson's Christian Dic- tionary ; which are two of the completest books of the kind that I have seen. The one is a large quarto, and the other a folio volume. No person before hath wrote a book upon my plan. Mr. Cruden has indeed judiciously given the different accepta- tions of many words, and has inserted a table of proper names at the end of his concordance ; but it is deficient, many words being left out : notwithstanding, it is a book of great merit, which I have made more use of than any other, in compiling the concordance part of mine. In order to contract this volume into a narrow compass, so as to make it portable to those who travel, and more conve- nient for common use, I have, 1. Inserted in the same line with the leading word sought for, either its signification, or a scripture-citation, by which I have saved many thousand lines. 2. I have inserted two quotations in one line, when it could be conveniently done, which has much contracted the work. 3. I have left out the concordance of many little words, which are seldom looked for to find a text by, as it may be found under other words ; such as if, isj it, that, thee, them, then, was, we, 8cc. Though, for the sake of those who make it their business to study the bible, and wish to know the different senses in which a word is used, I have inserted many words, which might otherwise have been left out. In this work I have not given the history of the lives and characters of eminent persons recorded in scripture, because their history is already given, and their characters drawn by the pen of inspiration ; to which little can be added but conjecture and uncertainty ; and my design was only to in- clude what I judged most needful. The signification of words I have carefully transcribed from eminent writers, of known skill in the learned lan- guages ; chiefly from Wilson's Christian Dictionary, the authors of which have been very indefatigable in searching- out the etymology of scripture words. In this edition I have inserted a concordance of proper names, and also many scripture words, which were left out in the first edition. If any scripture word is omitted, it has escaped notice. After all, it ought to be considered that a man's hand is in it, and a feeble one too, from which nothing perfect can be expected. I have done what I could, and believe the Lord has favoured me with his direction and assistance herein ; which if he condescends to crown with his blessing, for the benefit of those who love his word, to him will belong all the glory. And now christian reader, I commend thee to God, and to the word of Grace, which is able to build thee up, and to give thee an inheritance among all them which are sanctified. Which that it may be thy happiness to experience, is the sincere desire of thy unworthy servant in the gospel of Christ. J. B. \ THOSE PERSONS WHO ARE UNACQUAINTED WITH THE NATURE OF CONCORDANCES, MAY OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS : THAT the word looked for, is only inserted at full length at the head of the class ; in every following- line, the first letter is put for the word, as A. is put for AARON, c. for COMMAND, isfc. and if there are two words at the head of the class, a short ellipsis or blank line is put before, or af- ter the initial letter, for the word ; as for ABODE there, is put a. -, or there ABODE, - a. 2. Where two distinct quotations are in one line, they are by this mark ( |) )divjded : butthose texts which follow a quotation, and where the above mark is not inserted, are to be considered as synonimous or parrallel pas- sages. This mark ( j ) is to seperate one chapter and verse from another. 3. The marginal reading, which is of considerable use, is distinguished by an obelisk. ( f ) ~4?. The parts of speech are in general marked, s. for substantive,