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SPEECH 
 
 OF 
 
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 m. m: w. morgan, 
 
 AT 
 
 DELAAVARE, OHIO. 
 
 > 
 
 COLUMBUS : 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE DEMOCRATIC STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEE 
 
 1870. 
 

X 
 
 *h 
 
 e 
 
 I^EZPOI^Ii^. 
 
 ^;3PEE OH OF- 
 
 GEN, GEO. W. MORGAN, 
 
 AT 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 AN EXPOSUEE OF THE EECKLESS AND ILLEGAL EXPENDI 
 TUBE OF MONEY BY THE RADICAL PARTY— SYSTEMATIC 
 VIOLATIONS OF LAW TO FIND PLACES AND PLUNDER 
 FOR RADICAL POLITICIANS— NEW ENGLAND AND THE 
 WEST— HOW THE ONE IS BLED, AND THE OTHER BLEEDS 
 — STARTLING DEFALCATIONS BY RADICAL OFFICE- 
 HOLDERS. 
 
 My Friends and Countrymen : ' 
 Believing that the corruption which 
 has crept into our public afi'airs can 
 only be corrected by the people, I 
 come before you to-night as one of 
 your fellow-citizens to hold counsel 
 with you as to what is best to be 
 done. 
 
 It is a fact too seldom considered, 
 that of the one thousand million in- 
 habitants who occupy the globe, 
 only forty millions enjoy the bless 
 ings of civil liberty under written 
 constitntiouvS, and exercise the right 
 of self-government. We are of Eu- 
 ropean origin, but while the theory 
 of our Government is republican, 
 those of the people from whom we 
 sprung are monarchical, and hered- 
 itary. And when our own system 
 of government was established, it 
 was then, and is now, regarded as 
 an experiment — a trial to ascertain 
 whether we have sense and honesty 
 
 enough to govern ourselves, or 
 whether we require trustees in the 
 forms of kings, and nobles, to take 
 care of us for their own benefit. 
 
 With our fathers, as with our- 
 selves, everything favored the ex- 
 periment ; but what will be the ulti- 
 mate solution of the problem is still 
 regarded by many as a matter of 
 doubt. For my own part I have 
 never entertained any doubt upon 
 the subject; and had I doubted, con- 
 fidence would have succeeded to 
 doubt on witnessing a million vete- 
 rans in service, though youthful in 
 years, all flushed with the triumps 
 of a gigantic war, transformed in a 
 single day from soldiers to citizens, 
 as they had, in a single day, been 
 converted from peaceful citizens into 
 soldiers, armed and equi})ped for 
 war. 
 
 But what do we mean when we 
 say that we have capacity for self- 
 
4 
 
 govern meu t ? Simply that we have 
 intelligeuce enough to examine po- 
 litical questions, and honesty enough 
 to vote for or against them, because 
 we believe them to be right or wrong, 
 wise or unwise. To be capable of sel f- 
 governmeut, each citizen must make 
 up his own mind ; must think and act 
 for himself, and while with manly 
 independence in carrying out his 
 own convictions, he must be«toleraut 
 as to the convictions of others, for 
 if we have a right to form and exer- 
 cise our own opinions upon political 
 subjects, so have our neighbors. If 
 we have a right to vote for such 
 measures as we choose, so have they. 
 Then if free institutions are to be 
 maintained, it can only be done by 
 each citizen voting for what he be- 
 lieves to be right, and against what 
 he regards as wrong. 
 
 POLITICAL PARTIES. 
 
 We are all fellow-citizens, and our 
 first duty is to our country, and he 
 is not a good citizen who does not 
 prefer the good of the whole coun- 
 try to the success of any party. In 
 all free governments parties ought 
 to exist, for the party out will be 
 always vigilant in watching the par- 
 ty in power, and expose corruption 
 when it exists. And so long as we 
 continue to raise vast revenues, 
 there will be danger of our institu- 
 tions rotting out by quick decay. 
 But parties to be useful, must be 
 patriotic; their object must be the 
 good of the whole people, and not 
 the aggrandizement of the favored 
 few. And not only should one party 
 be watched by the other, but the 
 leaders of each party should be 
 watched by their immediate constit- 
 uents, and the moment that they 
 discover that their leaders have be- 
 come corrupt, that moment they 
 should abandon tliem, and unite 
 with the other party until reform is 
 secured. 
 
 THE PEOPLE DEMAND REFORM. 
 
 At this moment, citizens, a settled 
 
 conviction exists in the public mind, 
 that corruption reigns supreme in 
 the Federal and at most of the State 
 capitals. And everywhere the peo- 
 ple are giving action to that convic- 
 tion by declaring against those who 
 have betrayed, and are now robbing 
 them. The late triumphs of the 
 people of Connecticut by a decisive 
 vote, in New York by a majority of 
 more than eighty thousand — many 
 counties for the first time having 
 gone Democratic — and the unex- 
 pected upheaval in Oregon and the 
 new States of the Eocky Mountains, 
 show they are fully aroused to the 
 necessity of prompt and patriotic 
 action. 
 
 But I need not go so far from 
 home for examples of the great 
 change going on in the public mind. 
 Here before you is Jas. E. Hubbell, 
 born and educated a Whig, a mem- 
 ber of the Eepublican party from 
 the date of its earliest organization, 
 and its chosen Eepresentative in 
 Congress, who now appears before 
 the people as a candidate for their 
 suftrages as a nominee of the Dem- 
 ocratic party — a nomination alike 
 honorable to Mr. Hubbell and to the 
 Democracy. 
 
 THE REPUBLICAN PARTY LIVES 
 ONLY IN NAME. 
 
 My countrymen, no party can con- 
 tinue to live in a government like 
 ours, after it has achieved the pur- 
 pose for which it was organized — 
 no party can long exist which does 
 not rest upon a living principle. 
 
 The abolition of slavery, and the 
 adjustment of the questions arising 
 from that act, have left the Eepub- 
 licans without a single bond of un- 
 ion, and their dissolution is inevita- 
 ble. 
 
 Eepublican high tariff, and Ee- 
 publican low tariff men confront each 
 other in confusion ; and those who 
 demand reform are jostled out of 
 the way by the army of office-hold- 
 ers, and by those who seek to make 
 fortunes by plundering the treasury. 
 
THE PEOPLE ARE HONEST AND 
 SHOULD BE SUPREME. 
 
 In fact, the contest now waged is 
 not between parties ; it is not a con- 
 flict of ideas ; but it is a struggle 
 between the robbers and those who 
 are being- robbed ; between theofhce- 
 holders who have stolen the ma- 
 chinery of a paity, and the people. 
 The men in power, who run tlie Gov- 
 ernment in tlieir own interests, 
 through their legions of tax collect- 
 ors, tax assessors, tax inspectors, tax 
 detectives, and tax spies, now .seek 
 to manage and control the people as 
 they would a machine. 
 
 A compact organization, backed 
 by the money-bags of the Govern- 
 ment, which are now in their con- 
 trol, may for a short time make them 
 appear to be formidable; but the 
 l^eople once aroused to the true con- 
 dition of the country, the tax-gath- 
 erers will take to their holes. 
 
 RESTORED TO POWER, WHAT WILL 
 
 THE DEMOCRATS DO ? 
 
 liestored to power, the Democracy 
 will endeavor to restore respect for 
 the constitution and laws throughout 
 our whole country ; to restore good 
 temper and kind feeling among the 
 whole people. By retrenchment and 
 reform in all the branches of govern- 
 ment, State and Federal, they will 
 reduce the taxes of the people ; and 
 by investigation, strict but impartial, 
 they will expose and punish those 
 who have been robbing the treasury 
 and who now seek to retain power in 
 order to avoid such exposure and 
 punishment. 
 
 Eestored to power, they will try 
 and restore our commerce, which is 
 well nigh destroyed ; to revive trade, 
 which is well nigh paralyzed ; and 
 remove the unequal and unjust bur- 
 dens which now weigh heavily upon 
 the shoulders of industry, so that 
 our farmers, manufacturers, mer- 
 chants, mechanics and workingmen 
 will be able to save a portion of the 
 profits of their toil, instead of hav- 
 ing them gobbled up by the leeches 
 who are sucking the life-blood of the 
 people. 
 
 WHAT BECOMES OF THE TAXES PAID 
 BY THE PEOPLE. 
 
 In my judgment, my friends, the 
 most alarming feature of the times 
 is the f'normous amount of taxes 
 which are collected from the people, 
 and the reckless and corrupt manner 
 in which they are squandered. I re- 
 gret to say that this remark applies 
 with equal force to the State as to the 
 Federal Government. In fact, our 
 rulers seem to f nget that taxes mean 
 labor ; and the higher the taxes the 
 the less the profit and the fewer the 
 comforts. I hold in my hand the 
 reports of the Auditor of State for 
 ISGO and 1S69, and the fact to which 
 I am al)out to refer was called to my 
 attention by a worthy gentlemen of 
 my own town, who is not only a 
 prominent citizen, but has always 
 been a prominent Republican. The 
 fact to wliich he called my attention 
 was this : that the total amount of 
 taxes for all i)urposes in Ohio in 1SG9, 
 (see Auditor's report p. -19,) amounted 
 to the enormous sum of $22,232,877. 
 This caused me to examine further, 
 when I found by tlie Auditor's report 
 for ISOO (page 77) that the same 
 taxes for that year amounted to 
 $10,317,076. Increase over 18G0, of 
 .§11,410,201. 
 
 This led me to a further investiga- 
 tion, the correctness of which you 
 will find verified by turning to the 
 report of the Register of the United 
 States Treasury, and you will there 
 find that there were forty-four years 
 in the history of the Republic in 
 which the annual expenditures of the 
 army, navy and civil list were much 
 less than it cost the people of Ohio 
 to maintain their Government dur- 
 ing the year 18G9. 
 
 And in order that you may see the 
 exact amount of direct State and 
 Federal taxes paid by the p^iople of 
 Ohio during the year 1SG9, 1 will state 
 them together : 
 
 Total of Stato taxes... 
 Uuited States Int. Rev. 
 
 
 To'l direct tax for Ohio, 1869ijji38,315,3y4 
 And you will bear in mind, my 
 
friends, that this does not include 
 the still greater tariff tax you pay for 
 the benefit of the New England 
 monopolists. 
 
 Were it not for these taxes, the 
 people of OLio would be that much 
 richer than they now are, and would 
 have just that many more comforts 
 in their homes. 
 
 It is true that reasonable taxes 
 should be collected for the mainten- 
 ance of Government, but is it not 
 high time that there should be re- 
 trenchment and reform *? 
 
 FEDERAL EXPENDITURES. 
 
 It is always more agreeable, my 
 friends, to praise than to blame, to 
 commend than to censure ; but there 
 are diseases which can only be 
 reached by the caustic and the knife, 
 and our country is now suffering 
 from such a malady. 
 
 I have already spoken to you of 
 the last report of the Eegister 
 of the United States Treasury. 
 This is it, which I hold in my 
 hand. From this report it appears 
 that the entire expenditures of the 
 Federal Government from 1789 till 
 June 30th, ISOO, during peace and 
 the cost of war, amounted to less 
 than fifteen hundred million dollars; 
 and this period embraced seventy- 
 one years. And during those seven- 
 ty-one years we had three years war 
 with England, thirty years of Indian 
 wars, and two years of foreign war 
 against Mexico. 
 
 Indeed, that amount includes all 
 expenditures except those of the pub- 
 lic debt. 
 
 And this brings me to the point 
 to which I wish to call your atten- 
 tion. This same report shows that 
 exactly the same expenditures of the 
 Federal Government in time of 
 peace, from June 30th, 1865, till 
 June 30th, 1869, without including 
 one cent paid on the principal or in- 
 terest of the Federal debt, was more 
 than ten hundred and eleven million 
 dollars ! 
 
 Kow, what has become of that 
 vast sura, expended for the ordinary 
 
 expenses of the Government, during 
 the brief period of four years of 
 peace f That amount, my friends, 
 is equal to one-twentieth of the value 
 of all the real and personal jjroperty, 
 public and private, embraced be- 
 tween the two oceans, and the lakes 
 and the gulf! And keep it in mind 
 that not one dollar of that huge sum 
 was paid on the principal or interest 
 of the public debt; for during those 
 four years the aggregate expendi- 
 tures of the General Government 
 amounted to three thousand eight 
 hundred and eighty-eight million 
 dollars, or about oue fifth of the 
 value ot the entire wealth of the 
 United States. 
 
 During all those years of excessive 
 taxation and corrupt expenditures, 
 with our foreign commerce destroyed 
 and our flag swept from the seas; 
 our internal trade struck with paraly- 
 sis, caused by the withdrawal of our 
 currency from legitimate trade to be 
 used in gambling in stock and gold ; 
 with wages low, and taxes high — at 
 such a time, when general disaster 
 and distress threaten us, instead of 
 economy and retrenchment, the most 
 impudent and unblushing extrava- 
 gance exists in every department of 
 the Government. 
 
 THE CHIEF TMAGISTRATE. 
 
 With a feeling of disappointment, 
 the warmest admirers of the Presi- 
 dent admit that his administration 
 has been a melancholy failure. For 
 his exploits in war the gratitude of 
 the people knew no bounds, and 
 never was a President treated with 
 so much indulgence by those who 
 were opposed to him in politics. It 
 was with a blush of shame that the 
 people learned that their Chief Mag- 
 trate was bestowing the first ofitices 
 in the Government upon persons 
 from whom he had received valuable 
 gifts, and that he bestowed lucrative 
 positions upon relatives and favor- 
 ites without regard to fitness, as 
 though the Government belonged to 
 himself instead of the people. To 
 such an extent were these grievances 
 
carried, that Congress twice felt 
 called upon to administer a rebuke, 
 not the less severe because it was in- 
 direct. The House expelled Whitte- 
 more for appointing to a cadetship 
 the son of a man from whom he had 
 received a present of fifteen hundred 
 dollars ; and an act was passed mak- 
 ing it a penal offense for clerks to 
 make presents to the chiefs of their 
 bureaus. 
 
 But an honest and patriotic people 
 are at a loss to understand how it 
 can be right for the President to .se- 
 cure gifts of great value from per- 
 sons upon whom he confers office, 
 and wrong for a member of Congress 
 to do the same thing, why the latter 
 should be expelled, while the former 
 is not impeached. 
 
 THE president's CABINET. 
 
 In vain do the people demand, 
 " What becomes of our taxes 1 " 
 Have they the right to know, or 
 have they lost all their rights ? The 
 Constitution declares that " a regu- 
 lar statement and account of the re- 
 ceipts and expenditures of all public 
 money shall be iiublished from time 
 to time." And a law of Congress 
 enforces this requirement of the Con- 
 stitution. But during the past six 
 years, no such regular statement of 
 expenditures has been made. It is 
 true that a statement is made, but 
 it is a fraud and a cheat — intended 
 to deceive, but not to inform the 
 people what becomes of their taxes. 
 One item of expenditure is given, 
 followed by half a dozen &c., &c., 
 &c., &c., &G., &c. ; but what the 
 etceteras stand for, no one knows ; 
 an etcetera may mean anything. 
 Article 1, section 9, of the Constitu- 
 tion, among other things, provides : 
 *' 1^0 money shall be drawn from the 
 Treasury except by appropriations 
 made by law." But it is a notorious 
 fact — a lact charged on the floor of 
 the House, and never denied — that 
 each of President Grant's Cabinet 
 officers, as well as each chief of a 
 bureau, keeps a cariiage and horses, 
 coachman and footman, all paid for | 
 
 with the people's taxes, and without 
 the authority of law. 
 
 If a Cabinet officer can illegally 
 take money from the Treasury to 
 buy and keep up a carriage and 
 horses, and pay the wages of coach- 
 man and followers, where is the 
 limit at which he is to stop ? 
 
 THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 " iSTo money shall be drawn from 
 the Treasury except by appropria- 
 tion made by law." The reason for 
 this provision of the Constitution is 
 evident, for if without the authority 
 of law the President or a Cabinet 
 officer can take from the Treasury 
 one thousand dollars, why not one 
 hundred thousand, or one hundred 
 millions ? to be used as the Presi- 
 dent or his " Minister" may choose. 
 I will give a few examples. In the 
 departments there are four grades 
 of clerks. The fourth receive 
 eighteen hundred, the third sixteen 
 hundred, the second fourteen hun- 
 dred, and the first twelve hundred 
 dollars, and none but the chief 
 clerks are allowed a larger sum. 
 
 In consequence of an anonymous 
 letter received by me, on the 17 th of 
 January last, I offered a resolution, 
 which passed the House, embracing 
 five interrogatories, calling upon 
 Mr. Boutwell for certain information, 
 and on the 22d of February it was 
 replied to by Executive Document 
 No. 188, which I hold in my hand. 
 
 The third question called on Mr. 
 Boutwell for " a statement embrac- 
 ing the names of the clerks now in 
 this department other than chief 
 clerks, who receive more than 
 eighteen hundred dollars salary." 
 And I will read from page 6 of 
 Secretary Boutwell's answer, as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 ''A list of the clerks and their 
 names now (January 17, 1870,) re- 
 ceiving more than at the rate of 
 $1,800 per annum, other than chief 
 clerks of the bureaus of the Treasury 
 Department." And here follow the 
 names of fifty-nine clerks who re- 
 
8 
 
 ceive illegal salaries, varying in 
 amounts from two thousand to five 
 thousand dollars ; and the Secretary 
 does not deign to apologize for, or 
 excuse this jialpable violation of law, 
 and he continues to pay just such 
 salaries as he chooses and to whom 
 he chooses, and then coolj certifies 
 that he does so. 
 
 In fact, my friends, it is wholly 
 impossible for either you or me to 
 tell what is the condition of the 
 Government from the estimates or 
 reports of the heads of the depart- 
 ments. Thus, in his letter of June 
 1st, the Secretary of the Treasury 
 admits that he is paying, out of 
 funds in the Treasury, more than 
 sixteen hundred persons for whom 
 no appropriation was made accord- 
 ing to law ; and that many more than 
 are stated in his estimate of ex- 
 ;peuditures sent to Congress — that 
 iis, instead of sixteen hundred clerks 
 -i.m the Treasury Department, as 
 shown in the estimate of the Secre- 
 tary, there are more than three thou- 
 sand^ and this fact was dragged into 
 the light by the resolution to which 
 .1 have already referred. 
 
 lam thus particular, my friends, 
 in calling your attention to this 
 matter, that you may be on your 
 ; guard against the false statements 
 that are being made as to the re- 
 '. duction of taxes and payment on the 
 public debt. 
 
 Time will not permit me to go 
 through this document, page by 
 page, but I will call your attention 
 to an item or two more. Here on 
 page three, it appears that the econo- 
 mical gentlemen who have adminis- 
 tered the Treasury Department, 
 paid to Adams Express Company 
 from June 30th, 1805, to June oOth, 
 1869, the enormous sum of $78,397, 
 mainly for carrying packages of 
 blank forms upon which notes and 
 bonds were to be executed, the 
 -whole of which could have been sent 
 through the mail at one hundredth 
 part the cost. 
 
 Again, on page two, it appears 
 that since 18615 theCroverument has 
 
 paid $1,167,000 for printing notes 
 and bonds! Four million dollars! 
 My friends, that is a greater amount 
 than the annual expenditures of 
 the Federal Government, including 
 army, navy, and civil list during 
 nine years of the history of the 
 Federal Union. 
 
 And in this connection let me ask 
 why have not the National Banks 
 been required to pay for the paper, 
 engraving and printing of their own 
 notes, instead of you being taxed 
 for that puri)ose ? 
 
 THREE HUNDRED AND FORTY IN- 
 TERNAL REVENUE DEFAULTERS ! 
 
 When I tell you that there have 
 been three hundred and forty de- 
 faulters among the Collectors of 
 Internal Eevenue, you look sur- 
 prised, and ask one another why 
 have we not been told of this before ^ 
 For the simple reason, my friends, 
 because the facts have been con- 
 cealed and had to be dug out. On 
 the 21st day of March last, it was 
 resolved by the House, that " the 
 Secretary of the Treasury be, and is 
 hereb^^ directed to furnish this 
 House a statement of balances due 
 from Collectors of Internal Eevenue 
 not 71010 in office j'^ &c. 
 
 And I invite your attention to 
 Executive Document No. 267, being 
 the report of the Hon. Geo. S. Bout- 
 well in answer to that resolution. 
 Look at it for yourselves. Here are 
 eight solid pages of the names of 
 three hundred and forty defaulters ! 
 I have not time to read them all, 
 but will call off ten, and you may 
 form an idea of what the three hun- 
 dred and thirty amount to : 
 Defaulters. Amount. 
 
 .-.^1,543,719 
 .... 1,043,547 
 
 439,489 
 
 .... 532,879 
 
 653,305 
 
 Johu H. Bryant 435,000 
 
 W. C. Flagg 237,307 
 
 W. T. Cunuiugliam 292,46© 
 
 D. B. Boufoey S36,000 
 
 F. S. Hunt 250,407 
 
 Frank Soule 
 
 Sheridan Shook 
 
 Alexander Spaulding. 
 
 M. B. Field 
 
 Lewis Collins 
 
 Total by ten defaulters. . . . $5,933,113 
 
9 
 
 was adopted by the House, calling- 
 upon the Secretary of the Treasury 
 lor informatiou. On the 25th of the 
 same mouth Secretary Boutwell sent 
 to the House his answer, Executive 
 Document 91, and which you ob- 
 serve is brief. Mr. Auditor Tabor 
 says that on May 23d, 18G6, the Sec- 
 retary of the Navy issued Order No. 
 75, and therein assumed to increase 
 the salaries of the offlcers of the 
 navy one-third. This document con- 
 tains the order. Auditor Tabor says 
 under that order there was drawn 
 from the Treasury and divided 
 among officers of the navy, from 
 June 1st, ISGO, to January 1st, 1870, 
 the sum of $3,763,981. 
 
 In this same document, Mr. Comp- 
 troller Broadhead says : '' The order 
 of the Secretary of the Navy is the 
 only authority for payments beyond 
 the respective salaries provided for 
 by law." 
 
 You will observe, citizens, tliat 
 this abuse, which originated under 
 Johnson, was continued under Grant, 
 and, in fact, Mr. Secretary Eobeson 
 wrote a lengthy letter to Congress, 
 in which he claimed that he had the 
 right to increase the salaries of naval 
 officers at his pleasure. 
 
 It cannot be necessary for me to 
 say to you, my countrymen, that 
 such an unrebuked usurpation might 
 become dangerous to your liberties. 
 If, at his will, the President, through 
 his " Ministers," can increase the 
 salaries of officers of the navy, and 
 without the authority of law diaw 
 money enough from the Treasury to 
 maintain them, what assurance have 
 you that some President will not ex- 
 ercise such unwarranted power to 
 make himself King 1 
 
 This act of usuri)ation on the part 
 of the President not only set the 
 Constitution a. id Congress at deti- 
 ance, but it was unjust and oppress- 
 ive to the people, "vvho were already 
 weighed down by the l)urdens of 
 taxation. The officers of the navy 
 were already receiving high salaries 
 I drew a resolution, which I when Order 75 was issued. In 18G0 
 
 Here is within a fraction of six 
 millions of dollars of taxes, gobbled 
 up by ten defaulters, not one of 
 whom has been prosecuted or 
 ordered to be prosecuted. In all 
 these three hundred and forty de- 
 falcations, civil suits have only been 
 ordered in thirty cases, and not one 
 criminal prosecution. 
 
 ORDER NO. 75. 
 
 My friends, we will not meet here 
 as a matter of amusement, but for 
 sober and earnest consultation. 
 You have already seen that millions 
 of dollars of the taxes paid by the 
 people are stolen before they even 
 reach the Treasury ; and I am about 
 to show you how millions more are 
 taken from the Treasury in open 
 violation of the Constitution and 
 the laws. The Constitution says: 
 " No money shall be drawn from the 
 Treasury except by appropriations 
 made by law." That instrument 
 further says : " The Congress shall 
 have power to ]>rovide for and main- 
 tain a navy." The power to provide 
 an army and navy is not vested in 
 the President, because it would make 
 him independent of Congress and 
 the people. And for the same reason 
 it is provided that " no money shall 
 be drawn from the Treasury, but in 
 consequence of appropriations made 
 by law." 
 
 But President Grant, and Presi- 
 dent Johnson before him, through 
 their Secretaries of the Navy, did 
 provide for and maintain the navy 
 in violation of law and in contempt 
 of the Constitution; and in further 
 violation of that instrument, did 
 arrogate to themselves the power 
 to make laws, and did draw three 
 million seven hundred thousand 
 dollars from the treasury withont 
 any appropriation having been made 
 by Congress. 
 
 Early in January last I learned 
 that the Executive branch of the 
 Government had increased the pay 
 of the othcers of the navy, without 
 the kuowfedge or authority of Con- 
 gress. 
 
10 
 
 the highest salary of anj^ naval offi- 
 cer was $1,500, but after 1861 the 
 salaries of all naval officers were in- 
 creased, and that of the highest offi- 
 cer had been increased to ten, and 
 v/as made by the late Congress 
 twfilve thousand dollars, or double 
 the salary of a Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States. 
 
 Nor did the wrong stop here. The 
 salary of the highest officer (legal 
 or illegal) was not only increased 
 threefold, but new and aristocratic 
 grades were introduced into the ser- 
 vice. In 1861 the highest grade in 
 the navy was Captain. Then we 
 had as many tleets and as many ves- 
 sels afloat as now. To-day we have 
 six fleets and tMrty Admirals ! Six 
 fleets and seventy-eight Commo- 
 dores. Five Admirals and thirteen 
 Commodores to a fleet, while one of 
 either grade is sufticient. 
 
 We have thirty-eight vessels afloat 
 with more than two Commodores, 
 and nearly an Admiral for each ves- 
 sel. And all this while we pay 
 more taxes than any people on earth. 
 
 One of the most difficult duties 
 the Secretary of the jSTavy has to 
 perform, is to find some pretended 
 duty for his legion of officers. Here 
 is Executive Document No. 42, be- 
 ing a communication from the Sec- 
 retary of the Navy, dated February 
 7th, i870, to the Senate, giving the 
 names and number of naval officers 
 on assigned duty at Washington. 
 How many do you suppose"? Ten 
 Admirals ' and nine Commodores, 
 and in all more than one hundred 
 officers. I now turn to page 135 of 
 the Naval Eegister for 1870, and 
 here we find that nine naval officers 
 are stationed at ?iIouud City, on the 
 Ohio river ! 
 
 I will only further remark that 
 more than two thousand naval offi- 
 cers are drawing pay, while only 
 about seven hundred are doing na- 
 val duty. 
 
 FRAUDULENT ESTIMATES. 
 
 As you are aware, the head of 
 each department sends to Congress 
 
 an estimate of the necessary expen- 
 ditures for the ensuing year. Tiiese 
 estimates are sent to the committee 
 on Appropriations, and based upon 
 them a bill is reported. Permit me 
 to read you an extract from my re- 
 marks in the House duriug the de- 
 bate on the Navy Appropriation 
 bill : " I desire to call the especial 
 attention of the gentleman from Wis- 
 consin (Mr. Washburne), who re- 
 ported this bill, to what I have to 
 say. I hope he has in his posses- 
 sion the Naval Register for the year 
 1870. If not, then if he will send a 
 page to me I will send him a copy. 
 (The Naval Eegister for 1870 was 
 sent to Mr. Washburne.) In the es- 
 timates furnished by the Secretary 
 of the Navy, used by him in his ar- 
 gument, and upon which this bill 
 was framed, I find that aii estimate 
 is made for the pay of 180 naval 
 lieutenants on the active list. 
 
 " Now, sir, if the gentleman who 
 reported this bill will turn to page 
 w6 of the Naval Eegister, he will 
 find that instead of there being one 
 hundred and eighty lieutenants on 
 the active list, there are only sixty- 
 four, while an appropriation is asked 
 for one hundred and eighty. 
 
 " Estimate is made for masters to 
 the number of one hundred and 
 sixty, but page 30 of the Eegister 
 shows that there are only ninety- 
 nine ; and pay is asked for sixty-one 
 more than there are in the service." 
 
 And thus did I continue the an- 
 alysis of the estimates sent in by 
 the Naval Department. But I will 
 read further from the debate: 
 
 " Showing beyond contradiction,'' 
 (for I was not contradicted) " that 
 an appropriation was asked for four 
 hundred more naval officers than 
 there are in the service. I lay these 
 facts before the House in good faith, 
 and in good faith I invite investiga- 
 tion. 
 
 " Mr. Washburn, of Wisconsin — 
 • I Avish to ask the gentleman from 
 Ohio whether these estimates were 
 not made under the last Adminis- 
 tration.' 
 
11 
 
 " Mr. Morgan — ' I esieein the hon- 
 orable gentlemen from Wisconsin 5 
 but his question compels me to make 
 a statement Nvhich I did not intend 
 to make. I am talking about abuses 
 in the Goveiumeut which ought to 
 be corrected. The gentleman talks 
 about Administrations. If this thing 
 commenced in the last Administra- 
 tion, the gentleman compels me to 
 say that it has continued up to and, 
 so far, through the Administration 
 of President Grant. This abuse did 
 exist in the last Administration, but 
 it exists to-day in the present Ad- 
 ministration. I do not care when it 
 began, or by whom it began ; these 
 are outrages upon the country, which 
 this Congress is bound to remedy, 
 or be ])repared to meet the just in- 
 dignation of the people.' " 
 
 To which remarks Mr. ^^'ashburn 
 made no further reply. 
 
 How did Congress meet these 
 abuses'? Were the naval officers 
 charged with the money they had 
 illegally received from the Treasury 
 in excess of their pay f On the con- 
 trary the salaries of the Admiral 
 and Vice Admiral were increased 
 two thousand, and of the lleav Ad- 
 miral and Commodore one thousand 
 dollars each. It is true that the Sec- 
 retaiy of the Treasury was prohib- 
 ited from taking money from the 
 Treasury in violation of law, but the 
 three million seven hundred thou- 
 sand dollars wrongfully taken was 
 not required to be paid back. 
 
 HOW THE MONOPOLISTS OF THE 
 EAST GROW RICH UPON THE IN- 
 DUSTRY OF THE WEST. 
 
 Some of the finest specimens of 
 manhood I have ever met, v.diether 
 estimated by the standard of cour- 
 age or intellect, have been children 
 of iSTew England. But the sterility 
 of their soil, and the severity of 
 their climate, have given a granite 
 hardness and sharpness to New 
 England character ; but so have 
 they developed a sturdy- manhood, 
 which corresponds with the cold 
 grandure of their mountains. 
 
 I battle against New England 
 
 monopolists because, by tact and 
 
 trick, they have become enormously 
 
 rich at the cost of Western and 
 
 Southern industry. I assail them, 
 
 because for generations they have 
 
 I extorted tribute money from the 
 
 ^ people of other States. I attack, 
 
 j and will continue to attack them, 
 
 1 because they are sapping the very 
 
 life of the industrial classes of the 
 
 I entire country — those of the Eastern 
 
 States included. 
 
 HOW IT IS DONE. 
 
 New England is the great cham- 
 pion of protection, which means to 
 make the people of the West pay 
 one dollar and eighty cents for every 
 dollar's worth of goods they buy. 
 The dollar includes the value of the 
 goods and a fair profit, while the 
 eighty cents is the tribute paid by 
 Western industry to New England, 
 cunning. Protected on all she 
 makes, New England has free trade 
 on all she uses in her manufactures — 
 as dye stuffs and salt. 
 
 In his report. Commissioner Wells 
 states " the amount of salt drawn 
 from bond for the fisheries, in the 
 district of Gloucester, Massachu- 
 setts, for the third quarter of the 
 calendar year 1809, was 8,032,778 
 pounds, which cost $9,307 free of 
 duty, as salt used in fish packing is 
 not taxed. But had a Western pork, 
 beef, or butter packer, purchased 
 that same salt at that same place, it 
 would have cost him $23,747, because 
 he would have been required to pay 
 a tariff tax amounting to $11,44:0, or 
 $1.0.5 on every dollar's worth of salt. 
 Nor is this all. AVe are taxed to pay 
 a bounty of several dollars a ton on 
 every vessel fitted out in the Eastern 
 States for the codfisheries, and from 
 an official statement furnished by 
 the Secretary of the Treasury, it ap- 
 pears that the amount of bounty or 
 tribute thus paid to our sauill New 
 England interest, from 1850 to 1805, 
 inclusive, was $3,712,234. 
 
12 
 
 WHAT MASSACHUSETTS CHARGED 
 FOR THE SERVICES OF SEVENTY- 
 EIGHT REGIMENTS DURING THE 
 WAR AGAINST THE REBELLION. 
 
 Next I call your atteiitiou to tlie 
 official statement of Assistant Adju- 
 tant General Breck, U. S. Army, 
 giving the number of regiments fur- 
 nished by Massachusetts, New York, 
 Pennsylvania and Ohio, during the 
 late war : 
 
 New York 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 Pennsylvania. 
 Ohio 
 
 678,362 43 
 
 In 1830 Mass. was paid 
 in full 
 
 In 1859 Mass. was again 
 paid in full 
 
 In 1870 Mass. was for the 
 third time paid in full 
 
 Total of claim three times 
 paid J|^l,336,287 16 
 
 Is it surprising, then, Ohioaus, 
 that Massachusetts, as shown by the 
 report of Mr. Wells, is worth $77,- 
 000,000 more than Ohio ? It is sur- 
 prising that she pays $7,000,000 less 
 taxes. The fact is, as shown by the 
 last report of the Commissioner of 
 Internal Kevenue (p. 241) for the 
 fiscal year ending June 30th, 1869, 
 Ohio paid a million and a half more 
 internal revenue taxes tliau all the 
 New England States together. 
 
 Ohio paid ^16, 082,497 
 
 Massachu- 
 setts paid $9,232,794 
 
 Connecticut 
 paid 2,239,291 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 paid 
 
 Maine paid. 
 New Haniji- 
 
 shire paid 
 Vermont p'd 
 
 1,280,295 
 
 668,124 
 
 650,046 
 
 314,578 
 
 275 
 
 78 
 
 258 
 
 240 
 
 By a report made by the authority 
 of the Third Auditor of the Treasury, 
 the amounts paid those States for 
 war expenditures were as follows : 
 
 Massachusetts ii3,4S7,863 
 
 New York 2,300,192 
 
 Pennsylvania 2,094,879 
 
 Ohio 2,576,620 
 
 But to be more specific: While 
 Ohio furnishes 102 more regiments 
 than Massachusetts, on the plea of 
 war expenditures, that State drew 
 from the Treasury $911,143 more 
 than Ohio. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS AGAIN AT THE 
 TREASURY. 
 
 Fifty-five years have elapsed, my 
 friends, since the close of the last 
 war with England, and from that 
 hour to the present Massachusetts 
 has been prying at the Treasury on 
 the score of expenditures ; while the 
 fact is, her authorities were opposed 
 to the war from first to last. 
 
 But, notwithstanding all this, she 
 has been three times paid in full on 
 the same claim of expenditures dur- 
 ing the war of 1812. And this, too, 
 while the history of the Hartford 
 Convention still exists, and while it 
 is not denied that the Governor, 
 Legislature and Judiciary, all hold- 
 ing the Calhoun doctrine of State's 
 Eights, decided that even in time of 
 
 war the President cannot command j erate in our selfishness. They can 
 the State militia. ' not be satisfied with less than 75 or 
 
 Total paid by N. England. . ^14,486,128 
 
 Paid by Ohio more than 
 New 'England $1,596,369 
 
 THE GREED OF NEW ENGLAND. 
 
 Such is the greed of New Eng- 
 land, that the ablest champion of 
 her interests felt called upon to de- 
 nounce it. In the course of the 
 debate in the House, April 14, 1870, 
 (I read Irom the Daily Globe,) Gen. 
 Schenck spoke as follows : " The 
 gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. 
 Butler) says that Ohio has been in 
 good part settled by people from 
 New England, and that we are just 
 as selfish as they are in New Eng- 
 land. Well, sir, we have human 
 nature as they have it in New Eng- 
 land, and may be selfish, also ; but 
 if we are selfish, we are more mod- 
 
13 
 
 80 percent, protection on every tbing 
 they niauutacture. But when we 
 come in with a request for 30 or 35 
 l)er cent, they say that it is too much. 
 We may both be selfish ; but if there 
 is a difference between us, one is 
 modest as well as selfish," 
 
 Again, while Ohio pays a million 
 and a half more taxes than New 
 England, Congress has given to us 
 886,000,000 less bank \'irculation 
 than to those States; and we are 
 forced to borrow money at high 
 rates of interest from I^ew England 
 in order to move our crops. 
 
 I have merely stated facts, with- 
 
 out rhetoric ; addressed you as my 
 fellow-citizens, and not as members 
 of this or that party. My only aim 
 has been to convince you of the im- 
 portance of reform, and induce you 
 to unite as one people in defense of 
 your violated riahts. Then — 
 
 '■ Lot the kfttle to the truniiiet speak, 
 TlU! tnimpet to the caiinoueer without, 
 The canuons to the heavens." 
 
 And throwing forth our banner to 
 the winds, with "Eefoem," the 
 watchword of the people, inscribed 
 upon its folds, we will march forth 
 to victory. 
 
 Note. — '* It will be kept in mind that not one of these 340 clefanltcrs is now in office — 
 all haviuo; been discharged in consequence of their defalcations. And in the report of 
 Comptroller Taylor, it is only claimed in one single case that ' Frohahlij nothing is due.' 
 It will be further kept in mind that each one of these defaulters was confirmed, when 
 appointed by the Prei«idtnt, by the United States Senate, with its two-thirds Republican 
 majority." 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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