i ^ .'J*^' V mZLLAM,^BUR,C BRIDGE. Jl/BVKAY^ ^m u^ tf .k m^:^ -^^ S Zhc dit^ of mew l^orh HIIyE London may surpass it in population, and Paris in art and architecture, yet from the point of view of the living world — of industrial achievement — of commercial ambition — New York stands alone. Busi- ness, wealth, stupendous enterprises faultlessly consummated, gigantic undertakings that are impossible in the old world, flourish in New York, and failure in the broadest sense is an unknown quantity. Twenty-storied buildings, mile-long bridges, tunnels beneath the earth, and elevated railroads above it, all contribute to reveal the limitless powers that here exist to satisfy the equally limitless necessities of the greatest city in the greatest nation on earth. Geographical conditions have had much to do with this. The long and narrow island of Manhattan has forced the city's growth in one direction only, hence a congested business district, and the greatest need of rapid transit. The skyscraper, the express elevator, the fast trolleys and trains, are the logical out- come of such conditions. Americanism rises to the task, overcomes every obstacle, and works out a commercial salvation impossible in any other country on the globe. New York is now the financial and business center of the world. Its bank clearings exceed those of London nearly 50 per cent., and now that the manufactures of the United States exceed in volume those of any other country. New York has naturally become the greatest mart for the buying and selling of merchandise the world over. No vista of man's achievement can compare with the view spread before the traveler as his ocean steamship enters New York Harbor. The skyline is a study of heights and angles, of gigantic buildings following each other in rapid succession, that may well amaze mankind. Only a few years ago, the World building with its fourteen stories taxed credibility. Now, this is but a pigmy compared with the American Surety, Bowling Green, Commercial Cable, the " Flatiron," and a score of others, while over all towers that enormous pile ef steel and stone, the Park Row Building, a straight shaft toward the blue sky, counting thirty-one stories and measuring from sub-basement to flagstaff, 550 feet. No city in the world possesses such magnificent hotels, nor so many of them — perfect palaces catering to the most fastidious tastes of a discriminating public. Then there are the parks — Central, Bronx, Van Cortlandt, and a hundred others, comprising unquestionably the largest and most elaborate park system in the world. Not less noted are the houses of New York's multi-millionaires. Fabulous in magnificence, they adorn Fifth Avenue, Riverside Drive and a score of lesser boulevards. Nothing daunts the audacious boldness of New York. When one considers the proposal of the Pennsylvania Rail- road to construct its tunnel from Jersey City under the Hudson, through Manhattan, and again under the East River to Brooklyn — of the marvelous Subway just completed, of the gigantic new East River bridges, of the projected theatres, hotels, office buildings, department stores, and all the rest, he may well pause in wonder and think — is there any limit to American ambition, determination, power, achievement? Published by L. H. NELSON COMPANY, Portland, Maine Proprietors of Nelson's International Series of Souvenir Books Copyright, 1905, by L. H. NELSON CQ. IWb TUousand JUSSk^ t'lTV HALL I'AUK is the center of prditical life in the great'metiopolis. Standing on the steps of the faiuons New York City Hall one gets a remarkable im- pression of the ceaseless energj^ of the city. Located near the entrance to Brooklyn Uridge, in close contact with Newspaper Row and the Post Office and sur- rounded by many characteristic skyscrapers, the Park is one of the most interesting places in New York. I'robably at no other point are so many thousands of people in sight. Here is one of the great stations of the Subway, and it was directly in front of the City Hall that the ground was first broken for that gigantic undertaking. . WASHINGTON SQUARE, at the lieginninn "f "'tli Avenue, is nine ncres in extent. It was originally a I'utter's Field, and later a camp ground during tile Civil War. For over half a century it has been the chosen residential section of many old New York families, including the Stuy vesants, Rhinelanders, Potters, Del*ey- sters, Coopers, and others. Their old-fashioned brick mansions impressively line the northern side of the Square. The stately A\ashinf!;t(m Arch, exquisitely modeled in marble from the design of Stanford White, was erected in 1889-92 to commemorate the inauguration of General (ieorge Washington as the first Presir dent. It cost §250,000. llttlllBY-i^ir MULBERRY BEND I'ARK, lunninK frmu Bayard to I'ark Street, and from Mulberry to Baxter Street, contains two and three-quarters acres of well-kept lawn. Innumerable seats, a rest house and fountains are provided for the C(unfort and pleasure of the people. BATTKEY PARK is the name applied to the triangular green at the scnithern extremity of the city. From here a fine view of the bay may be obtained. The Bat- tery Park contains twenty-one acres, is shaded by many trees, and has a broad walk along the sea wall. It is always thronged with innnigrants and loungers. n BROADWAY AT ;i2d STREET. At no other point in the city except perhaps at the entrance to Brooklyn Bridge is street traffic so congested from time to time as at this busy corner. Surface cars moving in rapid succession on both Broadway and Sixth Avenue and the vast army of pedestrians and vehicles make this one of the'most difficult crossings in New York. The view shows a station of the elevated road with entrances and exits and separate platforms for " up-town " and '* down-town " trains. The elevated railroads are now operated by electricity and consist of four main double-track lines and a few short branches. BKOADWAV FROM CHAMHERS STUKKT. The great avenue of New York's business life. No other street in America can show such activit>% such a variety of architecture, sucli tlirongs of people. The surface cars follow each other in a never- enclmg procession. Jiroadway starts at Bowling Green and extends to Yonkcrs. a distance of 14 miles. WALL STREET. The money center of America, the text for political tirades, the target for many a sermon. Fortunes made or lost every hour of the business day. In the center of the view is Trinity Church, at which point "Wall Street begins ex- tending to the East River. The low building at the right is the I^. S. Sub-treasury ; the skyscraper beycmd, the Gillcnder liuilding. THK lioWKKV. A thnnm^lifaif nf wculcl-widc fame. Ir (.k'rived its name fnim the *MHui\\eries " or farms between whieli it ran during the ohl Dutch days. In hitter years the lower end f^rew to be a series of dives, saloons, shows, etc.. and became the favorite resort of a tough element. Here the peculiar type of swag- gering ruffian. " the Bowery boy." was developed. The street has lost much of its former bad repute, and the " boy " has disappeared. The milder young toughs of today are in turn giving way to the frugal and good-natured German and Jew. Better shops are being opened year by year. The Bc^wery now boasts the largest savings bank in the world. ^ lirl*. NEW YORK TIMES BUILDING. At Broadway. 7th Avenue and 42d Street. The new home of the great newspaper, built especially to meet the requirements of mod- ern journalism. It is a stately structure of 22 stories : rises 375 feet above and extends 55 feet below the sidewalk. A subway station is in the basement. TlIK FULLER BUILDING, known popularly as the "Flat-iron," is located on Iirf the tallest buildings in the city, having 23 stories, and towering 361 feet high. Yei-y striking and ornate design. Home of the Manliattan Life Insurance Company, organized 1850. Standard Oil Buildmg. STANDARD OIL COMPANY BUILDING. Located at 20 Broadway, near Bowling Green. This structure has acquired fame as the headquarters of the gigantic trust which controls the petroleum industry of the world. The building is entirely occupied by the parent company or sub-companies which either produce, refine or transport oil or Ijy-products. 'OMMEUCIAL CAULK ItllLDINC. Adjoins tin- Stnck Exchange at 20 Broad itreet. An iniin)sinf; oftict' luiildiug given over to the business of the Commercial "aide system organized in 1SS4 by John W. Mackay and James Gordon liennett. The rtices of thi' Postal Telegraph-Cable, the Ciernian and Tacitic cables are here. HANOVER BANK HUILDINCi. Lu<;ii( hJ ^ • fe >> CD Z -> sag " X ^ c ® ^- ^ (^HAMHER OF CUMMERCK. North side of Liberty Street, corner of Liberty Place. Here is located the oldest cominereial coriioration in the United States, having been organized in 1708. The building, ol wliite Vermont marble with a granite base, was erected in 1902 and cost over .'5;l,.'300,UOO. The main hall is 00x00 feet. HALL OF RECORDS. Chaml)ers, Reade and (.'enter streets. A splendid fire-i>rouf structure, built of steel and Maine granite, for the safe-keeping of real estate deeds, mortgages, etc., of Manhattan Hnstiiu-teil in IS'.ls. The nirf Astnr. One of tlie most siun|itnonB In dels in tlie world. Built of absolutely fire-inoof materials, contains six bundred guest rooms, large restaui'ants, grill room, palm garden, roof garden, etc. (ireat banquet balls, ball room and private dining rooms occupy an entire floor. One of the most interesting places in New York to visit is the vast wine cellar of Hotel Astor. THE WALDORt'- ASTORIA, 5th Avenue, 33d and 34tli streets, is the largest and most hixurioiis hotel in the world. It is supposed to have cost upward of -■JIS.OOO.OOO. There are accommodations for.about l.Stm guests. The ball room is of unsurpassed magnificence, and regal decorations prevail throughout the house. THE HOLLAND HOTSE. .5th Avenue, southwest corner 3Uth Street. A ten-storied fire-proof hotel luiilt of Indiana gray limestone in the Italian Renaissance style of architecture. It is the equal of any hotel in America, and enjoys the patronage of a most fastidious class of people. THK North K1\ KK. 'llii- nanu- ;ii>i)lii-il tii the lludsnii vvlifie iCIIcuvs lii-twecii the citv ;iml tlje Jersey shore. The avaihihle NiPlth Uiver water front of New York is estimated to lie alioiit 13 miles. Helovv 4:id Street on the NeWYork side the'^shore is lined with great steamboat iloek.s and warehonses, and ferry slips. The Jersey I'ity and Itohoken side is equally crowiled. Many of the^fanions transatlantic lines have docks on the Jersey shore. The amount of daily traftic on these waters is enormous. HiR liners, tugs, ferries, and canal boats are continually passing. The great freight and passenger ferries ofJthe'Pennsylvania Kail- road, which has a terminal in Jersey City, are a noticeable feature of every day life on tlie river. IMMKjRANT STATION. These fine Imildings of lirick, stone and terra cotta are located on Ellis Island, a small island between the Liberly Statue and the Cominunipaw shore. Here thousands of immigrants are received daily and passed into the United States. All steerage passengers are transferred from the steamers in which they arrive, and before they can land, must be examined as to their eligibility as citizens and be fully recorded. The Governmentnever ceases to protect the immigrant until he is prepared to face the new conditions. Over lli,000,O0() immigrants have entered the port of New York since 1880, and the annual average is about 600,000. "■ >!»wrw-w^p»»r '^'TT^ . fL .J, .. - , .w... WoilU Dome. St. I'aiil. I'aik Row. Wasliingtiin Life. Bank of Commerce. American Surety. Equitable. Trinity. THE SKYSCRAPERS / »"?^F!F' f^^' Empire. Manhattan Life. Cable. FEOM THE HARBOR Columbia. Standard Oil. Bowling Green. Washington. Produce Exchange. J'AKK KOW ENTRANCE TO JiKUOKLYN ]iRII3(iE during the- rush iHnir.s ulliTh a »cfiif unuqiuilk-a anywhf re. llundre.U ct tlmusamls ul human beings crush an' JiRlD(iE. Stretches from opposite *'it>- Hall Park to Fulton and Sand streets, Brooklyn. This maf^nilicent bridfje was begun in 1870 and .opened to the public in 1883. Cost $21,000,000. It consists of a central river span 1,505 feet lonjj: and two land spans, with a total length between terminals of 7,580 feet. The bridgeway carries two cable and two trolley car tracks, two wagon ways and a footpath. 4,000 cars and 2,000 vehicles pass east and west every day. The average number of passengers in twenty-four hours is 300,000. It is estimated that about 5,000,000,000 people have used this bridge since its opening. THE WILLIAMSBURO HRIIMi?;, the greatest suspension liridge in the world, crosses the East River at the Grand Street li'erry to Uroadway (WilH^inisburKi Brooklyn. It is a steel-towered suspension-cantilever structure with a length of 7.200 feet between terminals. The towers are 'S3H feet high. The central span is 1,0011 feet long and 1.3.5 feet above the middle of the river. The bridgcway is US feet wide, and carries four trolley and two cable tracks, two roadways, two foot- paths, and two bicycle jiaths. Estimated cost, about if21,0O'i,(Ki(i. HIGH KRIlXiE wasVniiltto can-y the Croton Aqueduct acriiss the Harlem Valley at 175th Street. It is supported by 13 arches resting on solid granite piers, and is 1,460 feet long, WASHINGTON BRIDGE crosses the Harlem a short distance above High Bridge. It is built of steel, iron and stone and is 80 feet wide and 2,40() feet long. THE EMPIRE TRACK, one of the most famous race tracks of the metropolis, is located at Mount Vernon in Westchester County. SUHWAY ENTRANCE, CITY HALL. The entrances and exits to the eity's underground rapid transit system are a ne^^■ feature of the streets of the metropolis. Tliey are sulistantially liuilt and of pleasing design. The herculean undertaking was completed in 1!«M. tlltimate cost, *GO,aK»,00(i. Brooklyn Bridge is the ter- minal for all lines. Manhattan western section runs to Kingshridge, eastern to Hnmx Park, liiooklyn tunnel will pass under Uroadway to South Ferry, thence under East River to Atlantic and Flatbush avenues. Manhattan and Uronx lines reach Yonkersand Willianisbridge. Various br:',nr: es and loop-lines coimect the sections. INTERIOR OF SUBWAY. The Subway is rectangular, 13 feet high and 25 feet wiile for 2-track sections, 50 feet wide for 4-track sections. The bed is of concrete, with steel frame construction, concrete walls and roof, lined with asphalt and roofing-felt. It is mostly near the surface, hut at certain points drops lower, nota- bly at Columbus Avenue and IWth Street, where the cars pass at a depth of 80 feet. .At ICOth and 181st streets are elevators to stations 110 feet below the surface. The.motive power is electricity, using the third rail system. City Hall Park to noth Street m 13 minutes. MANHATTAN VIADUCT, Manhattanville. At 125th Street the West Side line of the undergromul rapid transit system emerges from the sul)way and crosses tlie Manliattan valley on a great flying-arch steel viaduct to 135th Street, where it again enters the tunnel, and at 190th Street is more than 100 feet below the surface. The Manhattan Viaduct is a splendid example of American bridgework, and in common with all sections of this greatest engineering feat of the new century, is built to last for all time under the severest strain. 2 o ' I TT 'if If '. 1 1 T .Si's I I — ^- . 1 ... 1 A ^__|, , . - — ■ -i-i. C.liMK (III I'.Cll O'l'lH'OI'AI.) ISnwilway Kiid llltli Street WMs cii-itcil in ls4r>. It is liiiilt of white limestone in (iothie style and is one of the linest clnireh edifiia-s in the city. The spire is jiai'tienlarly graeefiil and contains a melodions ehinie of ludls. A rectory, harnionions in design, adjoins the church. ST. I'A'rKICKS CATHEniiAL. lUCIMAN (ATIIOI.IC) ,".lli Avenne, .".dth anil rdst street, is the most lieautifnl ehurch edifice in America, and ranks with lanioHS cathedrals in foreign lands. It is hiiilt of white niarhle. The structure alone cost $2,000,000. Length, 332 feet, lireadth, 174 feet. Height, 330 feet. TKIMTV (MrKCH. jiroadway, :it the head of Wall Street. The present striu-ture isof lunwn sandstone in Gothic style, and was completed in 1846. The chureh society is the richest in America, antl maintains besides the parent cluircli. ei^ht chapels, schools, a dispensary hospital, and a long; list of charitable enterprises. TKINITV CHrKni INTEKIUK. The bronze doors which adorn the entrance were jiiven by William Wahlorf Astor in memory of his father, John Jacob Astor. The altar and reredos were preseided by John Jacob Astor and William Astor in memory uf their father, William 13. Astor. The reredos alone cost .$10(),ward excellent achievement in this direction. The original painting entitled " The Horse Fair " (No. 1) hy the French artist, Rosa Bonheur (a replica being in the Louvre,) is one of the most noted. No. 2 is " Lost " by A. F. A. Schenck. No. 3. " The Storm " (Paul and \'irginia> by P. A. Cot. No. 4. •• A Quartet " by AVm. T. Dannat. No. 5. " Washington Crossing the Delaware " Lentze. No. 0. " Sheep— Spring " hy Anton Mauve. THE STATl^E OF ALEXANDEK HAMILTON, by Conradst, is of granite, anil is liicateil near tlie Art. Mnsinini in Central I'ark. THE COLOSSAL STATUE OF WASHINGTON, by .T. Q. A. Ward, stands at tlie entrance to the Sub-treasury buildinf;. formerly the City Hall, (m tlie exaot spot where Washington took the oath of ottice in 1789. THE HKONZE ST.\TTIE OF I'ETKK COOPER was designed by St. Gaudens, who was liiniself once a pupil at the Cooper UniF NATHAN HALE, by Macmonnies, is located in City Hall I'ark near the spot where Hale was hanged as a spy by the British during the Ke\'olntionary War. THE MILLIONAIRES OF NKW VoUK liLivc- fcmtiibiitt'd iiiiicli tc>\vaiil beaut if yiiiK the city by tlie I'lec-timi ol many magnificent residences. Nucity in the wiirUl can biiast so many private palaces. Tliey ciimiuise all classes of architectnre. ntilizins the most substantial ami costly building material. While the exteriors are frequently ornate and elaborate, the interior furnishings and decorations are luxurious in the extreme. (iliANT'S TOMB. Claremnnt Heights, Kivcrside Drive, near 123(1 Street. This beautiful edifice, one of the largest monuments in the world, is l.W feet high anil covers an area of 10,000 square feet, and is Ijuilt of Maine white granite. The cost, JGOO.OOO, was raised by the Grant Monument Association by voluntary contribu- tions from over 00,000 people. The memorial was dedicated by President McKinley in 1897. Over the portico are statues of " I'eace " and " Victoi-j- " by J. Massey Ehinil. The remains of the great soldier and his wife lie in t\vo red porphyry sarcophagi in a crypt under the dome. CKNTRAL PARK is the great iikiygnmnd of the city's iioor us well ;is the reiulezvipiis fur tile fushionuble turiiouts ■■( the weultliy. It extends troiii r.lltli Street to UOth Street and from 5th Avenue to Sth Avenue, an area of eight luindred seventy-nine aeres abounding in natural beauty. Woodland, lake, lawn and meadow- unite to make this the most delightful park in the world. The center view above .shows the fine equestrian statue of (Jeneral Sherman recently erected at the rjQth Street entrance. .t^^l^tA THE COLUMIilS STATI'E stands at the entrance to Central I'ark at 59th Street and Stli Avenue. It was made in Italy and erected tf) commemorate the 400th anniversary ol tlie discovery of the American mntinent. THE OHIOLISK was presented to the city by the hite Khedive of E^^ypt in 1877. It is sixth in size of the faniovis Ejjyjitian olieli.'iks. The entire expense of its removal anil erection on its present site near tlie MeTropulitan Museum was lutrne liy tlie late William H. Vamlerbilt. THE BAKTHOLDI STATUE stands upon Hedloi-'s Island, almost two miles south- east of tlie Battery. This colossal ti^urf. representinj^ Liberty Enlightenin^c the World was presented to the people of America hy the great French sculptor. Auguste Bartholdl. It was erected in 1883. The torch is 300 feet above the sea. THE SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONl'MEXT. At SOth Street stands a pure white marble monument erected to the memory of the citizens of New York who took part in the Civil War. It is a circular structure, with a i)eristyle of twelve ('t»rin- thian columns, 35 feet high. Built by the city at a cost of $250,000, in 1902. -I- c * ^ r- < E- J ('()l,i:.\niIA rNIVKHSlTY. Moniingside Heijilits, Uroadwny Kiul Anistenlam Avenue, UCth to laitli streets. New York's foremcist eihu-ational institution, founded as " King's College " in 1754, now occuiiies fifteen college linililings covering 18 acres. The central striu^ture is the Low Memorial Lilnary, erected \>y Setli Low in memory of his f.ather. Cost i»il,0on.n(X). It contains aw.OCKl volumes. Other buildings are the ITniversity Hall, Schermerhorn Hall (liiology) Havemeyer Hall (chc.mistr.v) the I'hysics Huilding, Karl. South and Fayerweatlier Halls, and the Kngineering linilding. containing the machinery needed in juactical instruct- Mon. Wl»«* iJTMJMJIW^iUWWA- ■'■ THE HALL OF FAMK FOR OUKAT AMERICANS, University Heights at Seilffwick, Aquertuct and University avennes and East 181st Street. This senii-eir- onlar struetnre, over 500 feet long, is a striking feature of the New York University, the lilirary of wliich institution it lialf-surrounds. It contains 15i) eight-feet panels which will ultimately lie inscribed with the names of departed great Americans. The first live names selected were : Washington, Lincoln, Webster, Frank- lin and (irant, Tlie building cost $250,000 and was the gift of Miss Helen Gould to the University. THE NEW YORK IU)TANI('AL MUSEUM, Bronx FarU. This Museum c