» <& «§ Sc v: -^^ ^^^« ^^ ^ >:> — > \> 4 ^?> Mi ^j""^^. _^~^ ) > , j>jjp 1 JX' --'J ■ ■' ^5^^ ^ • , 'I3> ^.^ i^^ ^ ^"^^fe >ri>-^'' /jZi^ t^^ ':'*'■ ''^^^5* "'^Z^--^- ^ T^ lI-3^ . -0 ?I3I> -iX-l^^*^: :Z^ -^ v'^' , "~y^ ^"^^r^^t)) ~7^t^ "~3^ ''^^ -'.^^ oo >:i»^ ^3» "3^ '-^ -^ ^ ^ ^5 "1^ '^ -^^:>^> j» :> :>^: > : Z^- ^'^->?|3 >:> ::> :^ i^ ^ -i ^^^ ■ ■'^'^'y^iDtV^ ^»^^^ ^ -^ '^mi ' '\ "\- -." ~°^ 5: 5>^ ' >^>^^^ ^;:;; 8,.^3^aS5 ^^'^^>3&. > : »::-«^^ il Issued Monthly Lxtra iMumber November, 1887 Single Numbers FIFTEEN CENTS Yearly Subscription (9 Numbers) $1.25 Clie EitoemDe literature ^eriejs* A LIST OF THE NEW NUMBERS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1887-88. Together with a List of the Numbers already published. Houghton, Mifflin and Company take pleasure in announcing that nine new numbers — comprising about 1,000 pages of the best and purest literature — will be added to the Riverside Literature Series during the next school year. The new numbers will be issued at the rate of one each month, beginning with September, 1887. The Riverside Literature Series is the result of a desire on the part of the publishers to issue in a cheap form for school use some of the most interesting masterpieces of such writers as Longfellow, Whittier, Holmes, Lowell, Hawthorne, etc. ; and the wide-spread popularity among teachers and pupils of the twenty-seven numbers already pub- lished is a sufficient guarantee that the new numbers announced here will meet with favor. In order that the reader may be brought into the closest possible con- tact with the author, each masterpiece is given as it was written, unal- tered and unabridged,' and the notes, while sufficiently lielpful, are not so voluminous that the reader's mind is occupied with the editor rather than with the author. The numbers already issued have been extensively used for the study of Language, for the study of Literature, for Supplementary Reading, and as substitutes for the graded Headers. In whatever way they may be used, the principal benefit to be derived from them will be the forma- tion of a taste in the render for the best and most enduring literature ; this taste the pupil will carry with him when he leaves school, and it will remain through life a powerful means of self-education. An inspection of the titles of the different numbers of the series (see third and fourth cover pages) will show that it contains a pleasing variety of reading matter in Biography, History, Poetry, and Mythology. The two extra numbers announced in the Prospectus are intended- as aids to teachers who wish their pupils to learn about the lives of the best authors as well as their writings. Numbers 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, 31, 32, are recommended as well adapted to the tastes and capabilities of pupils of the Fourth-Reader grade. 1 There are in the entire series perhaps half a dozen cases where a sentence has been very slightly changed in order to adapt it for use in the schoolroom ; and in one case, for a similar reason, three pages of the original have been omitted. 2Dl)r HiticrsiDe ilitcraturc scenes PORTRAITS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF TWENTY AMERICAN AUTHORS Vv^ HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY Boston: 4 Park Street; New York : 11 East Seventeenth Street (€fe nilicrsi&t press, ^JTamtriDoe 1887 CONTENTS. 1. Louis Agassiz. 2. Thomas Bailey Aldrich. 3. William Cullen Bryant. 4. John Burroughs. 5. James Fenimore Cooper. (). Ralph Waldo Emerson. 7. John Fiske. 8. Nathaniel Hawthorne. 9. Oliver Wendell Holmes. 10. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. n. James Russell Lowell. 12. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. 13. Horace Elisha Scudder. 14. Edmund Clarence Stedman, 1.5. Harriet Beecher Stowe. 10. Bayard Taylor. 17. Henry David Thoreau. 18. Charles Dudley Warner. 19. Adeline D. Train Whitney. 20. John Greenleaf Whittier. Copyright, 1887, Et HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO. All rights reserved.

-^ r-" JAMES FENIMORE COOPER. In an appendix to his admirable monograph on Cooper in the American Men of Letters series, Professor T. R. Louns- bury has given a partial bibliography of Cooper's writings. It contains seventy titles, but it is noticeable that while a number of these indicate brief l)iographical, critical, or con- troversial contributions to magazines, the works by which Cooper's fame is kept alive are all novels, and novels on a large scale. It is a fresh reminder of the characteristics of his writings that they are leisurely narratives which have to do with large, elemental forces of nature, with the ocean, the prairie, the expansive woods. He needed plenty of space in which to turn round, and the short story did not come within the range of his art. Yet the long list of his writings shows how industrious lie was. For thirty years, from 1820 to 1850, he was putting forth books and pamphlets with but slight intervals of rest. His first book, Frecautioa, written upon the model of cur- rent English fiction and giving little promise of his peculiar power, was written chiefly for his own amusement wdien he was without regular occupation. The second book, The Sjjy, wdiich follow^ed the next year, 1821, seems to have been a revelation to him, as well as to the world, for he at once seemed to recognize the kind of pow'er which he possessed. He was thirty-tw^o years old when he thus w^as launched upon the literary life, and his previous training, though he was scarcely conscious of it at the time, was directly qualify- ing him for his best work. He was born in Burlington, N. J., September 15, 1789, but the next, year his father, Judge Cooper, removed to what was then the wilderness near Otsego Lake, New York, where his pioneer efforts led to the foundation of Cooperstown. Fenimore was educated at Yale College, but in consecpience of some prank was dis- missed the year before his class graduated. It was decided JAMES FEN I MORE COOPER. that he should enter the navy, but there being then no naval school, he shipped before the mast, and after thus learning the ropes, received a commission as midshipman, January 1, 1808. He had a varied experience for three years, when on January 1, 1811, he married Miss De Lancey, and find- ing domestic life and the service incompatible, he tendered his resignation to the government. Until 1820, Cooper led a somewhat l)roken life between the neighborhood of New York and Cooperstown, living sometimes near his wife's relations, sometimes near his own. His entrance upon literature led him to take uj) his resi- dence in New York, and there he stayed three or four years, publishing The Pioneers, The Pilot, The L(fst of the Mohicans, and other novels, and entering into social life. In this brief time his fame was securely established, and when he went to P^urope in 1826 he went as the best known American author, unless Irving be excepted. He remained abroad with his family until 1833, and on his return made his home at Cooperstown, where he continued to live until his death September 14, 1851. His foreign life had not weakened his patriotic feeling, but it had given him opportunities for comparison between European and American modes of thought and manners of life. He was outspoken in his criticism, and succeeded in offending both his own countrymen and foreigners ; but though he excited much bitterness of s])eech, he held every one captive by his large-featured stories of the sea. the woods, and the prairie. He fell into controversies with his townsmen, and he was engaged in many libel suits, but he was personally a man who excited warm affection. His strong inhibition of any authoritative biography has kept his family from jjroducing such a work ; but his daughter, Susan Fenimore Cooper, has supplied, in the form of intro- ductions to his novels, many incidents connected with his literary and domestic life. The most complete biographic study is that already referred to by Professor Lounsbury. J\yil/a/i^ o^^^ RALPH WALDO EMERSON. The readers of Mr. Cabot's A Memoir qfJRaljj/i Waldo Emerson must have been striK^k by the absence of incident in Mr. Emerson's life, and by the fact that the interest, aside from the new contributions to thought, rests in what may be called the spiritual biograpliy of the man. The external facts of his life are quickly recited. He was born in Bos- ton, May 25, 1803; lost his father wlien he was eight years old, was fitted for college at the Boston Latin School, en- tered Harvard College, and graduated in 1821. During his college course he tauglit school in vacation, like other stu- dents with narrow means, and after graduation turned to school-keeping as the readiest means of support. After an interval of four years he entered the Divinity School in Cambridge, and on March 11, 1829. was ordained as col- league to the Rev Henry Ware, Jr, an eminent minister of the Unitarian denomination in Boston, who shortly after resigned leaving Emerson in sole charge. In September of the same year he married Miss Pollen Louisa Tucker. His wife died in 1831 and the next year he resigned his pastorate, from an inability to conform to the religions institutions of his churcli, and went to P^urope to re])air liis broken health. He re- turned to America in the fall of 1833, made his home shortly after in Concord, Mass., mariied Miss Lydia Jack- son September 14, 1835, and thenceforth led the life of a man of letters, maintaining himself chiefly by lecturing. His ([uiet residence in Concord was l)roken only by his necessary journeys as a lecturer and by two further trips to Europe. He died at Concord, April 27. 1882. P^merson's interior history, while marked by no violent revolutions, has a great interest, by reason of the change which came over his relations to the world about him. De- scended from a line of ministers, and living in a society where the clergyman was quite the only man who found opportunity for the expression of high thought, he naturally slipped into the profession of the ministry. But from the RALPH WALDO EMERSON. beginning his mind was working against the limitations which he found in his profession, and at last broke bounds and left him free to utter his thought, unembarrassed by in- stitutions and orders. His instinct was for poetry, but his thought occupied it- self about many relations of man to God which refused to be exj^ressed only in poetic form, and his intuitions found their most natural expression in brief sentences which were grouped under general heads, and so fell into the loose struc- ture of essays. His first 2)rinted book was Nature, published in 1836, his first volume of Essaifs was published in 1841, and his first collection of Foenis in 1846. The only book of continuous prose was English Traits, issued in 1856. The contents of the other volumes of his collected works, which are embraced in eleven volumes in the B.ivers'aJe edi- tion, weje in almost all cases given first as lectures and ad- dresses, or contributed to periodicals ; but even in this form they looked back to an earlier record still, in the journal which he kept and in which he set down his reflections. Living in the seclusion of Concord, unaided by the weight of any organization, he was a power that worked as noiselessly as light. An address, now and then, like that on The American Scholar, given before the Phi Beta Kappa society of Harvard College in 1837, or that given to the senior class of the Divinity School in Cambridge in 1838, worked revolutions in the minds of men, and Emerson's thought on religious subjects was awaited by many in the hope that it would solve all their doubts. He watched many movements in politics, religion, and society, and spoke his word with more or less directness, but identified himself with no organization. He was one of the first to hail Carlyle, and the life-long correspondence of the two men was published after their death. He has been the subject of much writing by men of thought, and, besides Mr. Cabot's memoir, a briefer study by Dr. Holmes has appeared in the American Men of Letters series. JOHN FISKE. JoHX FiSKE was l)orn in Hartford, Connecticut, March 30, 1842. His name was originally Edmund Fiske Green, but on the marriage of his widowed mother to Edwin W. Stoughton, at one time the American Minister to Russia, he took the name of a gTeat-grandfather, John Fiske. Be- fore he was a year old he was taken to his grandmother's home in Middletown, and remained there until he entered Harvard College in 1800. His actual scholastic preparation for college may be said to have begun when he was six years old. At seven he was reading Caesar, and had read Rollin, Joseplms, and Goldsmith's Greece. Before he was eight he had read the whole of Shakesjjeare. and a good deal of Milton, Bunyan, and Pope. He began Greek at nine. By eleven he had read Gil)bon, Robertson, and Prescott, and most of Froissart, and at the same age wrote from memory a chronological table from B. c. 1000 to A. D. 1820, filling a quarto blank book of sixty pages. At twelve he had read most of the Collectanea Grceca Major a, by the aid of a Greek-Latin dictionary, and the next year had read the whole of Virgil, Horace, Tacitus. Sallust, and Suetonius, and much of Livy, Cicero, Ovid, Catullus, and Juvenal. At the same time he had gone through Euclid, plane and spherical trigonometry, surveying and navigation, and ana- lytic geometry, and was well on into the differential cal- culus. At fifteen he could read Plato and Herodotus at sight, and was beginning German. Within the next year he was keeping his diary in Spanish, and was reading French, Italian, and Portuguese. He began Hebrew at seventeen, and took up Sanskrit the next year. Meanwhile this omnivorous reader was delving in science, getting his knowledge fi'om books and not from the laboratory or the field. He averaged twelve hours' study daily, twelve months in the year, before he was sixteen, and afterward nearly JOHN FISKE. fifteen hours daily, working with persistent energy ; yet he maintained the most robust health, and entered with enthu- siasm into out-of-door life. Such is a brief outline of Mr. Fiske's preparation for college, and it has been given in this detail, because it illus- trates also his later career. His college life was simjjly an extension of a period of self-imposed study ; he continued his linguistic pursuits so as to cover a wide range of modern languages. He spent two years at the Law School, and took his degree ; but though he ojiened an office in Boston, he used it mainly as a convenient place in which to write for the reviews and papers. He was married while still in the Law School, and he used his pen to support his family. It was an easy passage from a nominal to a real supremacy of letters over law, and he soon threw aside the lawyer's gown. In 1869 he gave a course of lectures on the Positive Phi- losophy, in Harvard University ; in 1870 he filled a tem- porary appointment as an instructor in history; and in 1871 gave thirty-five lectures on the Doctrine of Evolution, which lie afterwards expanded into his Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy. The next year he was made Assistant Libra- rian, and held the office for seven years. Since 1879 he has severed all academic connections, ex- cept as he has been an Overseer of Harvard, and has devoted himself to writing and lecturing. He made him- self known especially as a lucid ex2)ositor of Spencer and Darwin ; he opened a striking vista in scientific thought in his two notable papers on The Destiny of Man and The Idea of God ; and of late he has won large audiences and gathered a great company of readers, as he has expounded the philosophical characteristics of American history and institutions. His home is in Cambridge, Massachusetts, "a^^p&^^^r^^. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE. Although Hawthorne's life has been pretty fully illus- trated by his son Julian, his son-in-law G. P. Lathrop, by Henry James, and most of all by himself in his Note-Books^ and though critics and poets have made much of the theme, the conception of this writer as exploring the dim recesses of the human spirit has so dominated men's thoughts, that there is a common consent to regard him as a mysterious being in whom genius is such an infusing element as to ren- der even tlie familiar facts of his life capable of carrying double. Yet the external incidents of his career have a very matter-of-fact sound. He was born in Salem, Massachu- setts, July 4, 1804, and when he was fourteen sj^ent a year in the country solitude of Maine, where he led a somewhat isolated life in the most impressionable period of youth. He entered Bowdoin College in 1821, and was a classmate of Longfellow. He returned to Salem after graduation in 1825, where he began to write prose tales almost as soon as Longfellow began his poetic career ; but he wrote in obscurity and retirement, and when he had published his Twice Told Tales in 1837, the year when Longfellow took up his resi- dence in Cambridge, he had scarcely a hearing; while the poet, who had as yet not written A Psalm of Life or Hype- rion, was already looked upon as a brilliant author, and lent his voice immediately to sounding the praise of his less fortunate friend and classmate. Two years later he was appointed by George Bancroft, then Collector of the Port of Boston, to be weigher and ganger in the Boston custom house, but was removed in 1841, when his political party went out of power, and for a short time made trial of life in the community at Brook Farm, an experience which supplied him with material for his The Blithedale Romance ten years later. In 1842 he married Sophia Peabody and removed to the Old Manse in Concord. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE. Here he continued to write sketches and stories for the poorly-paying magazines of the day, and to do task-work for pnbUshers until 1846, when he collected his work into the volume Mosses from an Old Manse. In this year he retuined to Salem, where he had been ap- pointed Surveyor of tlie Port, but in three years more was again deprived of office. Thrown upon his resources, he took from his drawer an unfinished romance, and in 1850 published the book which gave him immediate and lasting- fame, The Scarlet Letter. He sought a home in the country at Lenox, in the Berkshire Hills, where he remained a year, and in that time wrote The House of the Seven Gables, and The Wonder Book. Returning to Concord, he had scarcely become wonted to the house, which he bought for his future liome, when his friend Franklin Pierce, just elected Presi- dent, appointed him to what was then regarded as a lucra- tive office, the consulate at Liverpool. Hawthorne went to Liverpool in 1853 and held his office four years, during which time he made acquaintance with England and English life. Then he spent a year iind a half on the continent, chiefly in Italy, and returned to England to complete his romance, The Marble Faun, which had been suggested by his stay in Rome. He returned to America and Concord in 1860, and pul)lished in the Atlantic a series of papers afterwards gathered into the volume Our Old Home, and in 1864 began in the same magazine the publi- cation of The Dolliver Romance. He had written little of this work and printed less, when he died at Plymouth, New Hampshire, May 19, 1864. /f^O/^^ /f^^^a^/ly^^^^^^. OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. At the breakfast given in honor of Dr. Holmes on his seventieth birthday, President Eliot of Harvard University said : " I know him as the Professor of Anatomy and Physi- ology in the medical school of Harvard University for the last thirty-two years, and I know him to-day as one of the most active and hard-working of our lecturers. . . . When I read his writing I find the traces of this life-work of his on every page." Dr. Holmes he is and always will be, but how few know him in his professional guise compared with the many who know him as the Avise and witty commentator on life, the poet who has touched that part of man which lies beyond reach of scalpel or drugs I President Eliot was right, how- ever, for it is the same man who lectured on anatomy and who wrote The Cliamhered NcuUllus. Yet the poetical genius was the earliest to display itself. He was nineteen years old when he wrote Old Ironsides in 1828, for he was born August 29, 1809, in an old gam- brel-roofed house in Cambridge, since removed because it stood in the light of the new law-school building. It is a pity that the young law students could not always have been reminded as they came out from the study of books, of that keen student of human nature. He was a member of Harvard College at the time when he wrote his patriotic poem, and during his undergraduate years he wrote many of the humorous poems which have made him famous. He graduated in 1829 and took up the study of law, but shortly abandoned it for medicine, and after a course in Boston went to Paris in 1833 to perfect himself. He re- ceived his doctor's degree in 1836, and became Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in Dartmouth College in 1838. He did not remain there long, however, but married and took up the practice of medicine in Boston. In 1847, how- ever, he received an appointment to the same chair at Har- OLIVE r, WENDELL HOLMES. vard which he had hekl at Dartmouth, and he continued to make this professorshij) his occupation until 1882, when he retired from academic work. Even when he was qualifying himself for his profession, he was winning fame as a poet. In 1836, the same year in which he took his doctor's degree, he delivered Poetry, a metrical essay, before the Phi Beta Kajjpa Society, and pub- lished the first collected edition of his poems. In 1850 he published Astrcva and other poems, and in 1852 he gave a brilliant course of lectures on the English poets of the nine- teenth century. The most interesting sign, however, of the continuity of his intellectual life is found in the fact that before he went to Europe, while he was still in the medical school, he issued in The New Evgland Magazine two pa- pers with the title The Autocrat of the Breakfast- Table. How much his thought had mellowed in the next twenty- five years, and yet what promise lay in the first expression of his thought, may be seen by any one who takes the trou- ble to compare these early papers with the famous book bearing the same title, which first saw the light in TJie At- lantic Mo7itlilij, wdien that magazine was started in 1857. The Autocrat was followed by the Professor, and still the rich vein seemed unexhausted. Two novels followed, Pllsie Venner and The Guardian Angel, and then The Poet at the Breakfast Table, with essays and poems sufficient to fill three more volumes. A memoir of his friend John Lothrop Motley grew out of a sketch for the Massachusetts Historical Society, and since severing his connection with Harvard, Dr. Holmes has published a volume on Emerson in the Men of Letters series ; a novel, A Mortal Antipathy ; and Our Hundred Days in Europe, which records in vivacious rem- iniscence his experience abroad, mainly in England, in the summer of 1886. It is a fresh illustration of some of Dr. Holmes's observations on the transmission of qualities, that his father should have been a notable clergyman and his son should be a learned justice. M>M-r V'l ,^o-«^k.-^^^ HARRIET BEECHER STOWE. The family of Beechers is a remarkable one, but its dis- tinction is to be found in a single generation. Other fami- lies have been eminent in a succession of noted names along a single line. The Beechers owe their fame to a father and his children. Lyman Beecher. a sturdy preacher and vig- orous leader of men, was the father of Edward, Charles, Henry Ward, Catherine, and Harriet. This last named was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, June 14, 1812. Her mother died when she was about four years of age, so that she had but few recollections of her, but these were so strong and the influence upon the family so lasting that the daugh- ter, when she came to write Uncle Tom's Cabin, was moved to jiortray this influence in the passage where Augustine St. Clare describes his mother. She was brought up among kinsfolk who loved books, and was made an early participant in the pleasure of Walter Scott's poetry, then taking people by storm. When she was fifteen she became an assistant in the school kept by her sis- ter Catherine in Hartford. There she remained until she was twenty-one, when she married the Rev. Calvin E. Stowe, and went with him to live in Cincinnati, where he was a pro- fessor in the theological school of Western Reserve College. Mrs. Stowe began early to write sketches and stories, and a collection of these under the title of The May-Floiver ; or Sketches of the Descendants of the Pilgrims, was published in 1849. In Cincinnati she found herself in the midst of anti-slavery agitation, and in a situation where she had abundant means of observing the practical results of the sys- tem of slavery. Men and women escaping from it at the peril of their lives were constantly brought to her notice, and she conceived a strong feeling of detestation for the sys- tem, and a deep conviction of its inherent immorality. Professor Stowe changed his oftice for a similar one at HARRIET BEECHER STOWE. Anclover, Massachusetts, and while living there, Mrs. Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, which was jjublished first in The National Era, a pajjer of strong anti-slavery convictions issued at the national capital, and conducted in part by the poet Whittier, who made it the vehicle for much of his poetry and prose. The story excited increasing interest as its plot was developed, and when in 1852 it appeared in book form, it rapidly grew in fame until no other book was so read and talked about. It called out so much discussion and such angry denials of its truthfulness that she })repared a volume, under the title A Key to Uncle Tains Cabin, in which she collected a vast array of documents and other testimony to the accuracy of her general statements. A few years later she produced a second story of southern life under the title Dred : a Tale of the Dismal Swamp. Not long after the publication of Uncle Tonis Cabin, Mrs. Stowe went abroad with her husband and her brother Charles, and in England especially she was enthusiastically received. After her return she published a record of her travels in Sunny Memories of Foreign Climes. In the productive years which followed she gave herself uj) to the pleasure of tasks which in any event would have occupied her. She wrote novels like The Minister s Wooinr/ and The Fearl of Orr's Island, and racy stories like Old Town Folks and Sam Lawsoii's EXreside Stories, all ex- pressive of New England life, and Agnes of Sorrento which drew npon her taste of Italy. She wrote essays npon domestic and social topics, like House and Home Fajjers and Little Foxes, strongly marked by healthful morality ; and she printed occasional religious poems which have been collected into a volume, as well as a number of stories and sketches designed for young people. Of late years she has led a somewhat secluded life in her home in Hartford, varied by winters in Florida. Her husband died in 1886, /S'Zcycz-r-i^ /-€^^ J^-cr^^ BAYARD TAYLOR. " I WAS born," says Bayard Taylor, not without a little irony in his voice, " the 11th of January, 1825, the year when the first locomotive successfully performed its trial trip ; I am therefore just as old as the railroad." It was always an offense to him to be regarded, as so many re- garded him, as a mere traveler who went whizzing over the surface of the earth. It is only fair, when judging men, to take their own ideals into account, and few men have so steadfastly looked toward the goal of poetry, under distract- ing influences, as Bayard Taylor. He rightly holds that in traveling his observations were those of a poet who seeks to see wholes, and not those of a statistician who is bent on discovering particulars. The society into which he was born was that of a rich farming district in eastern Pennsylvania. Kennett Square, his birthplace, was also the seat of a Quaker community, and though Taylor's parents were not birthright Friends, they had imbibed the principles and manners of that society. Bayard Taylor himself had only slight personal sympathy with a creed which called for an abnegation of the laws of beauty, but his familiarity with its manifestations is seen in his Home Pastorals and in that admirable pastoral poem of Lars which reproduces with fidelity the surroundings of his birthplace. His early years were spent in or near Kennett Square, and when he had won fame and fortune he realized a dream which had haunted him in his travels and built Cedarcroft, a dignified mansion in the midst of a broad domain not far from the home of his youth. He left his father's liouse when he was nineteen years old, to take a course in the university of the world. He crossed the ocean in the second cabin of a vessel, at a cost of twenty-four dollars, and once on the other side, made a large part of Ills journey on foot, su])porting himself BAYARD TAYLOR. in i)art by letters to Amerieaii journals. He studied German, and had his first glimpse of great art in Italy. When he came home, after a two years' absence, he gathered his letters into a volume, Views Afoot, which at once gave him distinc- tion, and made it possible for him, after a years' experiment with a village newspaper, to remove to New Yoi-k and connect himself with the Neia Yorl- Tribune. He published now a volume of Rhymes of Travel, Ballads and Poems, and be- ing sent by his paper to California during the excitement caused by the discovery of gold, he wrote a number of letters collected into the volume Eldorado, and one of the best re- flections of the romance and adventure of that day. He married in 1850 Mary Agnew, a friend from child- hood, but at the time in a decline, so that she lived only a brief three months after their marriage. Although Bayard Taylor's fortunes were i'a2)idly rising through journalism and authorship, his grief made him restless, and he set out on a long course of travel in Egypt and across Asia. He returned at the close of 1853, strengthened in body and with abundant material for prose and verse. He found the most lucrative ein])loyment in lecturing, and that, with a rai)id suc- cession of books of travel, became his main reliance. His main jjursuit, however, was literature, and especially poetry, and he continued to put forth volumes of verse which rose in complexity and dignity of form, culminating in Prince Deukaliou, published shortly before his death. He made otlier journeys to Europe, and in 1857 married Marie Hansen, daughter of an eminent astronomer of Gotha, Ger- many. The crowning literary work of his life was his trans- lation of Goethe's Faust, and this work, together with his broad attainments and previous diplomatic experience in Russia, pointed him out as the most fit representative of the United States in Germany, whither he went as minister plenipotentiary in 1878, only to die a few months afterward in Berlin, December 19. His Life amd Letters, by his widow and H. E. Scudder jointly, ai)peared in 1884. ^ ^^=^-^^^t^.:^^. HENRY DAYID THOREAU. No village of its size in the country lias enjo^'ecl so much distinction through historic unci literary associations as Con- cord in Massachusetts. Here American farmers took arms against the British soldiery, "And fii-ed the shot heard round the worhl.'' Here lived Emerson and Hawthorne, and here was born Thoreau, who made excursions from the village as far away as Canada even, but gloried in treating Concord as if it were the centre of the knovvn world, and his hut on the shore of Walden Pond as the observatory from which to watch the star of empire. Prefacing one of his books, Sumniev, is a map of Concord for the convenience of read- ers, and after a long brooding over Thoreau's writings, one comes to look at Mason's Pasture and Great Meadows, and Bakeman's Pond and Fairhaven Bay and Ponkawtasset Hill as if they were the great geographical features of the inhabited globe. Thoreau was born July 12, 1817, and graduated from Harvard College in 18o7. In the same year he began to keep a journal, and the principal literary occupation of his life thereafter was to keep this journal. If one writes a lit- tle even every day, and continues the habit for twenty-live years, the total result is likely to be great. This was the case with Thoreau, and his diary did not differ greatly from that of other men, since it contained his record of what he observed and what he thought. But his observations were not so much of other men or of affairs, since he sjjent a great deal of his time by himself, but of what was going on about him, the world in which he lived, the world of Con- cord woods and fields and meadows. His reflections were those of a man who cared little for association and was jeal- ous of his own individuality, so jealous that as he made HENRY DAVID THOREAU, Concord the centre of the world, so he made his own judg- ment a sort of papal throne. His professional pursuit, if he could be said to have any, was that of a land surveyor. He earned by this means what little money he required, for the most part, but his livelihood never seemed to give him much concern. If he had written his autobiography, he probably would have laid as much stress on a walk to Wachusett as some would have laid on a journey to the Himalayas. Thus when in 1839 he explored the Concord and Merrimac rivers, the voyage, made in a l)oat of his own construction, seemed to him im- portant enough to have its history written, and he published in 1849 A Week on the Concord and Merrimac Rivers. It attracted very little attention at the time, but five years later he made his name nuu'h moie distinctly known by Walden^ which contained an account of his hermit life of a couple of years on the shores of Walden Pond. This book has 1)ecome a classic, both because it describes so minutely the life in all seasons of the year above and about a little sheet of water, and because it bears the impression of a unique individuality. These two books are the only ones by Thoreau published in his lifetime. Since his death. May (). 1862, his occasional magazine papers have been collected and his journals drawn upon for eight volumes. One of these, E.rcnrsio/is in Field (nid Forest, contains a notable biographical sketch by Ral})h AValdo Emerson. A fuller biography is the volume on Thoreau by F. B, Sanborn in the Ainerican lUen of Letters series. CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER. Like iNIr. Aldrich, who played witli his hoyhood in The Story of a Bad Boy, Mr. Warner has treated himself as a sort of third person in Being a Boy, the scenes of which are laid in a primitive jNIassachusetts conntry neighborhood. The place which stood for its portrait is Charlemont, near the eastern opening to the Hoosac tunnel. Here Mr. War- ner spent his boyhood, removing to the place, wlien his father died, from Plainfield. in the same state, where he was born September 12, 1829. He was five years old when he was taken to Charlemont, and he remained there eight years, and then removed to Cazenovia, N. Y. His guardian intended him for business life, and placed him after his school days as clerk in a store, but his intellectual ambition was strong, and against all adverse fates 'he secured a col- legiate education at Hamilton College, where he graduated in 1851. His college many years later conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Letters. For the next half dozen years he was busy establishing himself in life, choosing the law at first as his profession, but really practising the various pursuits which should finally qualify him for his ])redestined vocation as a man of letters. He spent two years in frontier life with a surveying party in Missouri, mainly to secure a more robust condition of body ; he lectured, did hack work, Avrote letters to journals, looked wistfully at public life and oratory, opened a law office in Chicago, and took what legal business he could find. It was while he was there living by miscellaneous ven- tures that J. R. Hawley. now U. S. Senator from Connecti- cut, was attracted by the letters which Mr. Warner was con- tributing to his paper, the Hartford' Pres^, and invited his correspondent to remove to Hartford and become assistant editor of the paper. This was shortly before the opening of the war for the Union. When Mr. Hawley entered the CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER. army, Mr. Warner became editor in chief ; and when the Press became merged in the okler and more snbstantial Cou- rant, he became one of the i^roprietors and editors of that paper. In that position he has ever since remained, although of late years he has been relieved from much of the ofhce work of an editor. It was in connection with his journalistic du- ties that his first stroke in literature was made. He was busy with the political discussions in which the press was involved, and most of his writing was of this sort. But his morning recreation in his garden suggested to him the relief of writing playful sketches for his paper, drawn from this occupation, and the popularity attending them led to a col- lection of the sketches in the well-known volume My Sinn- mer in a Garden. In 1868 Mr. Warner went to Europe for a year and turned his travel-experience into sketches which were gath- ered into Sannterings. This was the beginning of his more distinctly literary life. He found his pleasure as well as his recuperation thereafter chiefly in rambling and in noting men and things. His Baddeek and That Sort of Thing., My Winter on the Nile, In the Levant, In the Wilderness, A RoundahoiLt Journey, and Their Pilgrimage bear witness to this taste. His interest in literature has always been strong, and has led him into the delivery of forcible addresses at college anniversaries and into the editorshij) of the Amer- ican Men of Letters series, to whlcli he has contributed a volume on Washington Irving, who was his first great ad- miration in modern literature. His interest in literature and travel has not been that of a dilettante. His humor is scarcely more prominent than his earnest thoughtfulness. and he has given practical expression to his thought in the part which he has taken in public affairs in Hartford and in the moving question of prison reform. ADELINE D. TRAIN WHITNEY. Mrs. Whitney was born September 15, 1824, and is the daughter of Enoch Train, who was a large shipping merchant and the founder of a line of packet-ships between Boston and Liverpool. Mrs. Whitney's early days were spent in Bos- ton, with a year also in Northam})ton. She led the life of a Boston girl of tlie period when home associations were strong, and summer outings were made in the family carriage into the rural parts about the decorous, staid New England metropolis. In 1843 she married Mr. Setli D. Whitney of Milton, Massachusetts, and has since made her home in that town. Mrs. Whitney published now and then a ])oem, but it was not until her family had grown nearly to maturity that she took up her pen for regular literary work, and she found her material in the experience and observation which had attended a devotion to family duties and a familiarity with country, especially suburban life. In 1861 she wrote Boijs at CheqiKtsset, but the book which called immediate atten- tion to her insight into girl nature was F0. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY, Publishers, Boston and New Yokk. James Fenimore Cooper. COMPLETE WORKS. New Houseltold Edition. Witli lutroiluctioiis to iiiv-uy of the volumes l»y Susan Fenimore Cooper, and Illustrations. 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Uniform with the Cam- bridge Edition of the^Poems. 2 vols. 12mo, giit top, $3 50; half calf, $6.00 ; morocco, or tree calf, .$9.00. CONTENTS. VOL. I. Le.wes from Margaret Smith's Journal. A very suc- cessful attempt to reproduce the daily life of the New Englanders during the early history of the country. Old PoRxaAixs and Modern Sketches. A charm- ing series of essays on .John Bunyan, Thomas Elhvood, .James Naylor, Andrew Marvell, .John Roberts, Samuel Hopkins, llichard Baxter, William Leggett, Na- thaniel Peabody Rogers, and Robert Dinsmore. VOL. II. Literary Recre.^- TiONS and Miscellanies. Between thirty and forty essays and sketches on a wide variety of subjects. Some of these"are valuable historical papers, and all are of an interesting and many of a curious character. SEPARATE WORKS AND COMPILATIONS. [See also works for School Use.^i Snowbound. A Winter Idyl. IBmo, $1.00. The Same. Illustrated Edition. With forty Illustrations by Harry Fenn. 8vo," $2.50. 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A Prospectus of new numbers to be issued monthly during the school year 1887-8 is given on the inside of this cover. - HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY, 4 Park Street, Boston, Mass. >3G» ^ :^- r-^ .J^K^ _^SfLl^^-^ ■ ' '^^3^;,T ^i'^^TIH i**I^P>^ ^:3^L0 |>j^ ^^^!L'^ ^ ^>^j ^^r^l^' ',;^k ^ ^^"^ ^ '^'^^^^^L '^~^' ^. ^^ 3^ 15>>"- > J>> :]^::s> ^ ^^- Jl^ 3>'»^ "^ ^ ~I^]Bk '3^ > > ►^-^^ "T^k'^ ') ;>L*».:^ L^ ^ :3^ 15 ^-^ ix> :::i^7 V' "-^Sr^/^" ^^ ^ ^ >\-, ""^3j^22^ ■ ^^>>^!oo' P---^^'^-- ^^-2i> 113^ ^ I3>ZX S^ .-~-^^g - 2S!fc ■ " 3^' s^^sr^ ^ :-— --^ >23il^~3> S)"^^^^^ ^^--3^' --^^31^^ ^ "^ l^i5>::^^r:) ^^^^: > r>.> » 3 3>=^ i9^ 3D>>^ > >§^^^ ]l^ ^'5> -^ 3 ^>J Sl^ -^->V>^ ^ >:>> ~2J|pi '^r>?^ 5^:x^ iHM** Or^- 5>:>:3L 9iP ^>X> ^ » ■>:X30 Bin." ^->i> = ? ^> "^>^a ■^'^ r>-> J> - f > ::^^ ^'Z ^>T3k- = "^^b ~~) v^.>^ J IL ^^^ ^^ "^S^v^w ft ■^^i'^^^fe,: r i>>^^^i "^^ S^^^SJ^ J^^^^^T^^^ "Ti^ ~'5^XJI0^ ^ I^^^'5"i :j^.M2a!Q^:r ^^S~">jfc ^^^^~ ^3^ 3 ")~^ '^'M3>::> :_:z ^ > 3^:^ ""Ti^ "S^3^X^ a^ ^ t5 'I^^'SSjO' :>3'^ j-^ '-5>33^_->' 23 iT^ _>3 ~^ .v2^.Z> 7~]!1 ^-> o 23P> ^>S3^ ~>.-IIjS *::> -:.3^ ""T^ \^^^>^_>'~T| ►J> >T^ ^—^^ >y^j^' ' "~>^°'"~1^B fc ^ v^ :^^m> ^^ » >)\1M>_ I I ^a^ ^1^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS iiiiiiiiiitiiriir 017 166 148 1