'"• %^^^ .'^°' \/ .*J^'- \.** •*^' 0^ t^.o^ ^u Cambridge Antiquarian Socdety. Octavo Publications. N° IX. THE HISTORY OP THE QUEENS' COLLEGE OF ST MARGARET AND ST BERNARD IN THE UNIVEKSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 1446 — 1560. BY W. G. SEARLE, M.A. vioar ob" hookington, cambbidge8hiee, and late fellow of queens' college. aEambritige: PRINTED BY 0. J. CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.; MACMILLAN & CO. BELL AND DALDY, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON. 1867. Price Eight Shillings. THE HISTORY OF THE QUEENS' COLLEGE OF ST MARGARET AND ST BERNARD IN THE UNIVEKSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 1446 — 1560. W. G. SEARLE, M.A. LATE FELLOW OF QUEENS' COLLEGE AND VICAR OF HOCKINGTON, CAMBEIDGESHIBE. PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.; MACMILLAN & CO. BELL AND DALDY, YORK vSTREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON. 1867. t ©ambtiDgf : PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. f^: CONTENTS. PAGE The Foundation 1 St Bernard's College . . 3. Queens' College , 18 The Presidents i. Andrew Doket 49 ii. Thomas Wilkynson 104 iij, John Fisher 131 iv. Robert Bekensaw 144 V. John Jenyn 161 vi. Thomas Farman 171 vij. William Frankelyn . . . . . , . . . . . 175 viij. Simon Heynes 178 jx. William Mey 211 X. William Glynn 245 xj, Thomas Pecocke 264 — William Mey (restored) 285 Additions and Corrections. ' ' I. Andrew Doket. p. 31. Peter Hvrford, is thus mentioned in the bursars' accounts : I. M. J. 1484-85. fo. 27. b. In oblatione ad missam pro mro Petro Hyrforde iiij*. p. 33, i. 27, /or see p. 77 read see p. 80. p. 48. Andrew Doket is here spoken of as principal of St Bernard's hostel, following Dr Caius and archbishop Parker and other common anthorities : it must be however confessed that none of the college deeds describe him as such. p. 60, I. 11, read IV. M. J. 1563-64.. fo. 38. b. Item pro consti- tuendo picturam m". Andrei Ducket in tumulo suo ij^ vj''. p. 61, 1. 2, 7'ead Wenloke. p. 73. According to Gage (Thingoe, p. 8) Lady Margery Poos was 26 years of age at the death of her father in June 1424: she must therefore have been 80 years old at her death in 1478. p. 75, 1. 12. ller son Thomas Wentworth is thus mentioned in the Grace book A : An. 1475... Mr Thomas Wentworth filius due de ly Roose intrat injure canonico. (MS. Baker xlij. fo. 160. b). p. 82, 1. 9 from bottom. The ' Inquisitio ad quod damnum' is dated 9 Nov. 12, E. 4. 1472. Lady Joan Burgh possessed also two messiiages at Lenham, Kent. p. 87, 1. 7, add: (Misc. B. fo. 3.) p. 92, 1. 2 from bottom. The will of William Yorke is preserved at the principal registry (London) of Her Majesty's Court of Pro- bate (Wattis 25). p. 93, 1. 25. The will of Mr John Collinson is preserved in the Lon- don Registry (Logge 25). p. 101. Another fellow of Queens' belonging to the period 1448- 1484 is mentioned in a MS. of WyclifFe's Commentary on St Mark's Gospel, in the possession of Lord Dillon at Ditchley Park, Oxfordshire, which bears the inscription : ' Pray for the soule of Maister John Crowland fellow of the Queues college of a Cambrigge and parson of Soutli "Wokyngton, Essex.' In New- court, Rep. ii. 448, among the rectors of Soufeh-Okenclon, we find John Crowland, mentioned in succession to Nic. Hubert, who became rector in 1440. He was succeeded on his death by John Hill on the presentation of the bishop of London 'per Laps.' In Weever, Fun. Mon. 648, he is mentioned as com- memorated on a monument at Romford Church with Avery Cornburgh esq. and Beatrice his wife. The marginal inscription contained the unfinished date 1480, which may however have been the date of John Crowland's death. On the monument itself was a long inscription consisting of eight verses of seven lines each commemorating the foundation of a chantry in that church. (ISTewcouj't, Rep. ii. 338-9). Dionysius Spicer, rector of St Botolph's 1479-..., was bursar of the college 1485-6-7-8 and 'prselector biblise' 1490-91: he died about 1500, his executors being mentioned I. M. J, 1499- 1500, fo. 137. b. Item pro expensis mri Wyttford euntis London, ad executores mri Spycer in negociis collegii xij**. He also may have been a fellow in earlier years. II. Thomas Wilkynson. p. 104. Thomas Wilkynson was at some time not stated fellow of Michaelhouse, though he may also either before or afterwards have been, fellow of Queens', with which he is found in different deeds closely connected, p. 105, 1. 20, /or Johannis read Johanni. p. 105, 1. 24, /or Cori read coci. p. 109, 1. 9. The Privy Seal of... Dec. 1484 was merely to correct two clerical errors in the first form of the deed of 5 July 1484, printed p. 97-8. p. Ill, 1. 4, yb?' * Euggely' read * [Nicolao] Euggeby.' He is named in the deed of 11 Feb. 2 Ric. IIL 1484-5 in the Public Record office, mentioned p. 109. p. 119. Por the convent of the Dominicans within Ludgate, see Newcourt i. 28, Tanner, Not. Mon. 313, Weever, Fun Mon. 388, Stow Survey 374, 487. p. 120, 1. 17, read pro scriptura copie cujusdam indenture. p. 121, 1. 9. William Lyncolne died 1009. His will is preserved at the registry of the university (Vol. i. fo. 25). Ill p. 122, 1. 18. The date of Dr J. Drewell's death is taken from the college commemoration service, and may not be correct. p. 126. Mr Wilkynson's will, made 7 Nov. 1511 and proved 23 Jan. 1511-2, is preserved in the principal registry of Her Ma- jesty's Court of Probate at London (Fetiplace *25). By it he bequeathed 13s. Ad. to each fellow of Queens', and to the master and each fellow of Michaelhouse, where he him- self had been sometime fellow, also 13s, 4:d. p. 128, 1. 4 from bottom, read commissarii. III. John Fisher, p. 136, 1. 9, read Cantebrigife vixit, [Grjecas literas perlegit...]. lY. Robert Bekensaw. p. 144. In J. S. Brewer, Letters and Paijers, Vol. i. we find: 3487. Privy Seal for Robert Bekynsall, D.D. almoner to the Queen. Grant of a canonry and pi-ebend in the collegiate church of St George the Martyr Windsor, void by the death of W. Cokkes. Greenwich 23 Oct. 4 Hen. YIII. (1512). 4434. Signature of Robert Becansaw to some commissions of Catharine the queen, Regent, 3-5 Sept. 5 Hen. VIII. 1513. 5735. A warrant to the treasurer of the Chamber, John Heron, to deliver £100 to Robert Bekynsals to be distributed in alms in groats at the funeral of Henry VII, (with receipt for the same,) dated 9 May 1509. p. 153, 1. 14. This date is given from Le Clerc : in the London ed. of 1642 (lib. viii. ep. 1) it is ' Cantabrigise e collegio Regiufe decimo sexto Cal. Septembr.' The second (lib. x. ep. 10) is dated ' Cantabrigise e collegio Reginse, natali divi Bai'tholomsei,' the third (lib. x. ep. 16) 'postridie Bartholomsei' in the ed. of 1642. p. 159. Dr R. Becansawe's will, made 18 Nov, 1525 and proved 18 Feb. 1525-6, is preserved in the principal registry (London) of Her Majesty's Court of Probate (Porch 3), In it he says : ' Item I will the Quenes college in Cambridge have xls, for a dirige and a masse.' IV V. John Jenyn. p. 1 69. Dr Jenyn's will has not been found. VI. Thomas Farman. p. 173. Dr Farman's will has not been found. VIII. Simon Heynes. p. 181, 1. 14 from bottom. A letter to the King from Dr Heynes while abroad is contained in MS. Cotton Caligula E. 1. fo. 40 : though it has suffered from the fire, it is mostly legible, but does not seem of much interest. p. 188, 1. 3. The 'Alienatio terrarum et tenementorum in Gilden Morden' II. Lease book (fo. 1.) is dated 9 Dec. 22 Hen. VIII. 1530. p. 188, 1. 6. The 'Alienatio ten-arum Holbech, Whaplode et Mul- ton' in II. Lease book (fo. 3.) is dated 8 March 25 Hen. VIII. 1534-35. p. 188, 1. 9. The 'Alienatio Bernard, hospitii' in 11, Lease book (fo. 4.) is dated 2 July 26 Hen. VIII. 1534. p. 197. JSTicholas Ridley was 'lector in scholis publicis' in the year 1536-37, and as such had from the college the sum of 12s. 6d. as his year's stipend (III. M. J. 1536-37. fo. 21. Eidley, Life of bishop Ridley 133 ff.) p. 199, 1. 2. The account of this embassy may be read in Dr Nott's Life of Wyatt, prefixed to his works (the works of Henry How- ard earl of Surrey, and of sir Thomas Wyatt the elder, 2 Vols. 4tD. London 1816, pp. xxxix-lxv.) 'Heynes and Bonner' (he says) 'did no good whatever to Henr/s cause. They rather discredited the embassy by drawing down contempt on them- selves by their indecorous conduct. Bonner in particular, though a clergyman, behaved with a degree of levity that bor- dered on licentiousness, and manifested a disrespect for the Bo- man Catholic religion, that was not at all consistent with his subsequent intolerant zeal for its support.' Though it is painful to find sir Thomas Wyat complaining of the malice of Bonner and Heynes, yet the chief share seems to fall to Bonner, as we find Wyat saying {Oration, p. 304), ' I pray yoxi now let me turn my tale to Bonner, for this riseth of him ; yea, and so I think doth all the rest : for his crafty malice, 1 suppose in my conscience, abuseth the other's simpleness.' The only clear charge against the two clerical ambassadors, in which Heynes must bear his share of the blame, is contained in the following (Oration, p. 303) : Another occasion there is, that I should say: 'They were more meet to be parish priests than ambassadors.' By my truth, I never liked them indeed for ambassadors ; and no more did the most part of them that saw them, and namely they tliat had to do with them, but that I did not, on my faith, with no stranger. But if I said they were meeter to be parish priests, on my faith, I never remember it ; and it is not like I should so say, for as far as I could see, neither of them had any great fancy to mass ; and that ye know were requisite for parish priests ; for this can all that v/ere there report, that not one of tliem all while they were there, said mass, or ofiered to hear mass, though it was but a superstition. I said botli Mason and I, because of the name that Englishmen then had to be all Lutherans, were fain to entreat them that we might sometimes shew ourselves in the chm'ch together, that men conceived not an evil opinion of us. The charge of immorality, which Bonner had brought against Wyat, falsely as he declares, Wyat seems in return to bring against Bonner (Oration, p. 305) : against Heynes he makes no accusation of the like sort, nor indeed of anything except what is above mentioned. p. 199, 1. 11. The letter is addressed to Mr Butt the king's phy- sician (sir "William Butts, M.D.; Cooper, Ath. i. 87.) p. 200, 1. 7. Edward Crome, D.D. of Gonville hall, preached the sermon founded by lady Alice Wyche at St Dionys Backchurch, London, at Easter 1531 and Easter 1534. In the State papers, Henry VIII. (i. 843.) is a letter from Dr Heynes "admonishing Dr Crome to be ware of his brethren at London and not to yield to their fantasies, and to be wai-e that he saide not these words ' that he came not to recant.' " p. 201. The 'Articles' are in MS. Hark 604. fo. 64. They have been carelessly printed by Dr Oliver : for sustentacon, porcon, and the like, read sustentacon, porcon. p. 202, 1. l,ybr eleven read twelve. p. 202, 1. 2>,for an read oon. p. 208, 1. 2. Dr Heynes' will, made 12 July 1552 and proved 12 Nov. 1552, is preserved in the principal registry (London) of VI Her Majesty's Court of Probate (Powell 29). Beside Joseph Heyues he had another son named Simon, probably the person mentioned p. 210, 1. 5. IX, William Mey. p. 214, 1. 26, add State Papers, Henry YIIL xi. 285, 290, 312. p. 223, 1. 18. On obtaining this promise the college wrote at once to Thomas Cromwell the King's secretary asking for the site of the Louse of the Carmelites. One reason for the annexation is certainly ingenious. The letter is here transcribed from MS. Cotton, Faustina C. vii. fo. 102: Si tuee Amplitudmis fidem et erga bonas literas affectum siiigulai-em in publicis AcadeiuisB negotiis non fuissemus experti, nobilissime Diie, tarn ingentia tua et ad universi hujus regni statum tueiidum et conservandum pertinentia uegotia, nostris petitiunculis obturbare vehementer formidasse- iiius. Neque enim sumus nescii potuisse tuam Dominationem (etiamsi neque authoritas tibi esset tam ampla, quantam nunc apud regiam niajes- tatem A'ix ullius esse novimus, neque prudentia tam insignis, qualem in nulla fere memoria legimus, neque occupationes tam varise tamque graves, quse in te semper incumbant) jure tamen nostrain vilitatem contemnere et tanquam nimium audaces aspere atque acerbe repellere. Sed ita nobis est cognltus anirai tui candor, tam est perspecta notaque humanitas, ut vel teuuissimos homuuculos ad quidvis audendum possit impellere. Veiiimus igitur ad te suppliees et tuoe lenitati coniitatique fidentes non sohim te tantisper interpellare donee causam audieris, verum etiam consilium atque spem implorare tuse Celsitudinis ad id quod moHmur audemus.. Coenobium est Carmelitarum non solum vicinum sed etiam adherens affixumque colle- gio nostro, perangustum certe et non ita pridem parte quadam llegii col- legii sociis divendita (see p. 233) propter inopiam diniinutum. Hujus coenobii fratres, deflorescente religionis fuco et propterea vectigalibus emendicationum suarum exarescentibus, propemodum oinnes abiere. Unus tamen relinquitur et nonnunquam alter qui prioris et conventus utcunque tuentur nomen; et hi, quia neque se ali neque sarta tecta domus diu defend i posse vident, libenter quidera (si per Miijestatis Regise veniam liceret) domo cederent et sedificiis obirent. Quocirca non dubitamus quin Regia Majestas, (cuius est singularis providentia et in ejusmodi rebus summum imperium et authoritas ex augustissimi sui concilii seiitentia, cuius te non Immerito caput et principem esse putamus,) in alios usus meliores et pro- biores illud coenobium brevi convertet. Quod si velit eo augere collegium aliquod et prsecipue nostrum, etiamsi non est ille locus admodum amplus et spatiosus, nobis tamen accessio videbitur facta maxima, et faciet certe Majestas Ejus rem Academise gratam, nobis necessariam et nobihssimo Principi ac posteris ejus fortasse non injucundam. Solebant enim illustris- simi Regis nostri majores, si quando forte fortuna Cantabrigiam venissent, in nostrum collegium fere semper divertere, vel quod ab oppldi strepitu et turba sit remotus vel quod amni vicinus vel quod non inamcene situra sit. Itaque si locus ille, proiapsis jam coenobii sedificiis, vel horreis vel fortasse coriarii oflicina fuerit interceptus, poterit et nobis esse incommodus et si quid tale coutiugat Ejus Majestati et augustissimss soboli esse molestus: siu fuerit ad necessaries nostri collegii usus, ad quos tale quiddam desidera- mus et vehementer egemus, distributus, non solum nos immortaliter eo beneficio n'ostra causa gaudebimus, verum etiam vehementer Isetabimur, quod et ad Regiam quoque Majestatem nonnulhim illius beneficii fructuni perventurum esse speremus. Quocirca te majorem in modum rogamus, amplissime Dne, ut ipse anuuere ac favere petitioni huic nostrae velis ; quod si feceris, apud Regem serenissimum ac benignissimum nrm Diim taiiti scimus (nee injuria) tuam esse autiioritatem, ut vehementer speremus nos id quod postulamus brevi impetraturos. Quod quidem si contingat, sciat tua Dominatio te tiiis ora- toribus rem maxime necessai'iam et iucundissimam fecisse et cuius memo- riam non ingi-atam semper sumus habituri. Bene valeat tua Dominatio in Chfo. Cantabrigioe ex coilegio Regise viij° AugTisti. Tuse Celsitudini deditissimi Magister et Socii Collegii Reginei Cantabrigiensia Clarissimo ac Nobilissimo Dub, Dno Thomee Crumwello, D. privati Sigilli et consiliario Regise Majestati a secretioribus consiliis primario. X. William Glynn. p. 245, last line. The following letter (MS. Havl. 604. fo. 75. 76.) by ' William Glynn, priest,' to * Mr Thomas Cromwell, secretary to the king's highnes,' and therefore written between 1534 and 9 July 1536 (Cooper, Ath. i. 73) may have been the compo- sition of William Glynn, fellow of Queens' ; where he then was living is not stated; in that period he may have had leave of absence and been engaged in serving some clmrch. Pleaseth yo"^ m*shipp be adv'tised, that the sale of abusions and mart of vice is now (thankes be to Ihu) gretly decayd in thes parties, and so shall dayly, if the great maynteno"' of them the bishoppe of Rome 1 mean w' his complices mae be expelled utt'ly out of menis hertes, as I trust hit sliall, the truth ons known whiche was supp'ssed her to aifor be kroked suttcUyty. And now because I know that the lawys of God shuld be Vlll p'ferred to man is t'dicons, I have ben ofte and shall be (onles yo' m'shipp help) troubled w' this matt". The popyshe law will that they that be maried w' in the iiij* degre or wher ther is any aflSnite or gossypred shuld be dyvorsed, and that they do know, and hathe ben to vere ofte used her, and they wold have hit used now ; the whiche I wyll not do, onles I be comaundyd by you, whiche I know hath autorite and more lernyng than I have, to whom I will obey w' all my hert, as knoeth God, who p's'^ve you T welthe and bono'. W'ten the ij"" day of Novemb'. By y"^ beedman, WiLLM GlYN, p'st. To the right honorable M' Tomas Cromwell, Secretary to the Kinges highnes, w' bono'. p. 246, 1. 10. The following is the account of William Glynn's be- haviour on this occasion given by Alban Langdale (Cooper, Ath. i. 509) in the Epistola nnncupatoria (pp. 7-8.) prefixed to his Catholica confutatio cujusdarti determinationis D. Nicolai Ridlei (4to. Lutet. 1556). Quid multis 1 primi diei disputatione sic peracta, publico ante dimissam scholam, visitatorum jussu, tale edictum subito proponitur, ut si quis infra unum et alterum diem velit contrariam partem (catholicam dicimus) de- fendere ac tueri, liceret: quod ita gestum est, quasi, si nemo assurgeret, ipsi perpetuo omnibus silentium sua authoritate imponerent. Jam hie alius subinde alium aspectat, imo qui huic muneri se ultro offerat, expectat potius. Silent omnes, et trementes quidam, ne tam gloriosam apud suos victoriam reportarent, quum re ipsa, invicta argumentorum vi, quae contra eo die vibrata sunt, ipsi jam vulnerati plane ceciderant: ne, inquam, vicisse se (quod ubique solent) et cunctis ora clausisse gloriarentur, timebant omnes boni. Tota itaque concione alto sileutio persistente, ecce tibi virum [' D. Glynnum indicat nunc Bangoriensem episcopum.' Marg.] qualem vis dicam ? certe, vel illorum oninium judicio, et gravitate niaturum, et pietate doctum, qui jam cognitione linguarum peritus, et sacrse Theologise, lectionem publicam, professor, magna cum laude diu prelegerat. Is se nmrum aereum (ut prophetse verbis dicam) pro vero Israele opponere non dubitavit, et respondentis sedem suo tempore capessens, declarationem suam (quam positionem Cantabrigienses appellamus) sic e psalmo orsus est : Credidi (ait propheta) propter quod locutus sum : et nos (inquit ille) credi- mus propter quod et loquimur, et caetera : quo quidem orationis suae divino exordio, illorum animos sic perculsit, sic piorum mentes refecit, ut hos erectos, illos jacentes jam videas. De ejus viri responsione quid dicam '] eorum sophismata, seu confictas contra veritatem rationes ita dissolvit, ita eflfregit, ut quivis, nisi qui sibi lumina ipse clauserat, videret. THE HISTORY QUEENS' COLLEGE, OF SAINT MARGARET AND SAINT BERNARD IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. THE FOUNDATION. N their present form, most of the colleges in the old universities of England are the result of many successive enlargements, for at first their foundations were often verj humble. They were also not unfrequently derived from small previous colleges or halls; Gonville and Caius college, Tri- nity college, St Mary Magdalene college, Christ's college are ex- amples of this ; but the one whose early history most nearly resembles that of Queens' college is the neighbouring King's college, where on the site of St Nicholas' hostel (among others) the small foundation of the King's college of St Nicholas for one rector and twelve scho- lars soon expanded into the magnificent one of the King's college of our Lady and St Nicholas with its provost and seventy scholars. 1 In a similar way the existing Queens' college of St Margaret and St Bernard had a predecessor in the college of St Bernard, named probably after the still earlier St Bernard's hostel. As it existed only 16 months, its history is necessarily a very short one, but since (as will be seen) the two foundations were intimately connected, what is known of St Bernard's col- lege will fitly come first. Of the history of St Bernard's hostel, whose principal, Andrew Doket, was the first president of Queens' college, nothing is known previous to the middle of the fifteenth cen- tury. Andrew Doket may have been the founder of the hostel as he was certainly the owner of it, but the date of its establish- ment and erection have not come down to us. After the foun- dation of the college, the hostel became a mere appendage to it; and though it is mentioned by Fuller among the larger hostels for 'Artiste' and as having a considerable number of Kegents, besides non-Eegents above them and young students beneath them, residing in it, yet the particulars concerning it that are recorded are very few in number ; and as besides this the hostel itself had no share in the foundation of the college, an account of it will be found with the history of the other hostels that belonged to Queens' college. ''HW €f)t €o\k^t of ^t ^ernartr, 3 Wtt, 1446—30 iWarcl) 1448. FIRST FOUNDATION, 3 Dec. 1446. CAEEFUL search has failed to bring to light any earlier docu- ment or paper referring directly to this short-lived college than the charter of Henry VI. for its foundation. The deed itself is not preserved, but there is an en- rolment of it in the Public Kecord Office (Charter 25 and 26 Hen.VI. n, 37. Documents relating to the univ. and coll. of Cambr. Lond. 1852, i. 49), and the loss of the charter is the less to be regretted, as its contents may also be known from a subsequent deed of 21 Aug. 1447. By this first charter the King Henry VI. did,— ' to the glory and honour of Almighty God, in whose hands are the 1—2 hearts of kings, and of the blessed virgin Mary, the mother of Christ, and of the glorious confessor St Bernard, for the extir- pation of heresies and errors, the augmentation of the faith, the advantage of the clergy, and the stability of the church, whose mysteries ought to be entrusted to fit persons, who should shine like stars in their courses, and, by learning and example alike, instruct the people,' — on 3 Dec. 1446 found a college for a pre- sident and four fellows, more or less, according to the increase or decrease of their means, in the university of Cambridge by the name of St Bernard's college. The site whereon the college was proposed to be erected was a plot of ground described as situate in the parish of St Botolph, between messuages of the nuns of St Radegundis (Tanner, Not. Mon. 43), Andrew Doket clerk and others, on the south side, and messuages of the convent of Sawtry (Tanner, 194) and Benet Morys dyer, on the north side, abutting on the east side on Trumpington street, and on the west on the street leading towards the Carmelite friars. The length from east to west was 277|- feet, and its breadth from 72 to 75 feet. It had been made over to the King for this purpose of founding a college, by B-ichard Andrewe, burgess of Cambridge, by a deed of the pre- vious 8 Nov. (1446). The society, as constituted by this charter, consisted of Andrew Doket, president, and John Lawe, Alexander Forkelowe, Thomas Heywode, John Carewey, clerks, the first fellows. By this charter also John Somerseth, chancellor of the king's exchequer, John Langton, chancellor of the university, Richard Cawedray, Peter Hirford, Gilbert Worthington, and Thomas Boleyn were appointed to draw up statutes for the government of the new college of St Bernard. The land given by Richard Andrewe did not however be- come the site of the actual buildings, and part of St Catherine's college stands on it. For before anything could have been done towards beginning the walls, the society procured a piece of ground near to the river, and this, together with four tenements obtained about the same time, they made over to the King by the following deed of 1 Aug. 25 Hen. VI. 1447: — OmnibTis ad quos presens scriptum. pervenerit, Andreas Dokefc, clericus, presidens collegii sancti Bernardi iu Cantebrigia et socii ejusdem collegii, Sahitem in Domino sempiternam. Sciatis [quod] nos unanimi assensu et voluntate dedimus conces- simus et hoc present! scripto nostro pro nobis et successoribus nostris confirmavimus illustrissimo principi et domino, domino Henrico, Dei gratia nunc regi Anglie et Francie et domino Hybernie, unum mesuagium cum domibus et gardino eidem mesuagio adjacentibus que Benedictus Lyster tenet ad firmam, et jacet in Cantebrigia pre- dicta in parochia sancti Botulphi inter tenementum Johannis Morys armigeri et tenementum collegii Corporis Christi ac tenementum Thome Forster et viam regiam vocatam Smalebriggestrete ex parte australi et habitationem fratrum Carmelitarum ville Cantebrigie ex parte boriali, et abbuttat ad unum caput super ripariam versus occi- dentem et ad alteram caput abbuttat super venellam vocatam Milstrete versus orientem : que quidem mesuagium domos et gardi- num nuper [24 Jul.] habuimus ex dono et concessione predict! Johannis Morys et Elizabeth uxoris sue. Dedimus etiam et con- cessimus et hoc present! scripto nostro pro nobis et successoribus nostris confirmavimus prefato domino Regi quatuor tenementa cum gardinis eisdem tenementis adjacentibus et ceteris suis pertinentiis situata et jacentia in dicta parochia sancti Botulphi inter angulare mesuagium nuper dicti Johannis Morys et Elizabeth uxoris sue jacens juxta ripariam ibidem ex parte occidentali et tenementum dicti collegii Corporis Christi in Cantebrigia ex parte orientali et viam regiam vocatam Smalebriggestrete ex parte australi et gar- dinum nuper prefati Johannis Morys et dicte Elizabeth uxoris ejus ex parte boriali, — que quidem quatuor tenementa cum gardinis et suis pertinentiis nos prefati presidens et socii nuper [26 Jul.] habuimus ex dono et concessione predict! Johannis Morys et Johannis Battisford de Chesterton, habenda et tenenda omnia et singula predicta mesua- gium demos gardina et tenementa cum omnibus suis pertinenciis prefato domino Regi heredibns et assignatis suis imperpetuum. Et nos vero prefati presidens et socii et successores nostri pre- dictum mesuagium domos gardina et tenementa cum suis pertinentiis eidem domino Regi lieredibiis et assignatis suis contra omnes gentes warrantizabimus et imperpetuum defendemus. In cuius rei testimonium liuic presenti scripto nostro sigillum nostrum commune est appositum biis testibus: Thoma Crosse, tunc majore ville Cantebrigie, Simon e Renkyn, Jobanne Scot, Johaiine Sexteyn, Jobanne Lawe, tunc ballivis ejusdem ville, Benedicto Morys, Willelmo Alrede, Henrico Syrason, Roberto Malpas et aliis. Datum apud Cantebrigiam predicta m, primo die Augusti, anno regni predicti domini regis Henrici sexti post couquestum vicesimo quinto. To this document tlie college seal is appended. It is round, nearly two inches in diameter. The field is divided into three compartments. In the centre one is seen St Bernard under a canopy holding a hook in his right hand, and in his left a pas- toral staff: beneath him is a shield bearing the royal arms of England and France quartered. On each side of the saint are elaborate canopies: beneath that on the dexter side are four kneeling figures, and beneath that on the sinister side is one kneeling figure, doubtless to represent the four fellows and the president of the college. Behind the president is a standing figure of an angel in an alb, swinging a censer. The inscription in small gothic letters is ^igillu tot [prestonf $r socior' colkgii sH t)cr]narlJi tit canttbrig'. The deed itself is of parchment and measures 13 inches by 5 inches. The society also returned the foundation charter into the king's chancery with the petition, that it might be cancelled and another charter granted refounding the college on the new site next to the house of the Carmelite friars: for this seemed to the president and fellows more favourable to the prospects of their new college, as giving greater scope to its buildings ; this they mentioned in the deed of surrender, referred to in the char- ter of 21 Aug. The messuage and tenements thus conveyed to the King form the site of the first court, of the cloister court, and of part of the fellows' building. The tenements belonging to John Morys, Thomas Forster, and Corpus Christi college, which occu- pied the position of the ' return ' of the fellows' building, were not acquired till later. SECOND FOUNDATION, 21 Aug. 1447. The King acceded to the request of the society, and a char- ter of the following 21 Aug. (25 Hen. VI. 1447) revoked the former charter, and refounded the college of St Bernard on the new site. It is by this deed, still remaining in the college treasury, that we are made acquainted with the provision of the charter of 3 Dec. 1446. The name of the college, the president and the four fellows constituted by it, are the same as in the earlier charter, but as in the mean time John Langton, chancellor of the university, and Gilbert Worthington had died, other framers of the statutes were appointed in their stead, viz. John Sperhauk, and Hugh Damlet. The college was empowered to hold lands, and advowsons and other ecclesiastical property in mortmain to the amount of £100 per annum, a licence which was soon after greatly ex- tended. In this charter the King appears in some degree to claim the credit of being the founder of the college, as the reason for its exemption from all corrodies, pensions, etc., (which might be granted by the King 'ratione dicte fundationis nostri') is ex- pressed in the words, 'eo quod collegium predictum de funda- tione nostra, ut premittitur, existit.' The witnesses to this charter were John Stafford, archbishop of Canterbury, lord high chan- cellor, William Booth, bishop of Lincoln, Marmaduke Lumlej, bishop of Carlisle, lord treasurer, Adam Moleyns, bishop of Chichester, lord keeper of the privy seal, Kichard, duke of York, father of Edward IV, Humphry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, Edmund Beaufort, marquis of Dorset, William de la Pole, marquis of Suffolk, Eichard Neville, earl of Salisbury, John Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury, Sir Ralph Cromwell, afterwards lord treasurer, Sir John Stourton, treasurer of the royal household, and others. The charter of foundation is as follows : — HENEICUS DEI GEATIA Eex Anglie et "Francie et Dominus Hibernie, Archiepiscopis, Episcopis, Abbatibus, Prioribus, Ducibus, Marchionibus, Comitibus, Baronibus ac omnibus Ballivis et fidelibus suis, Salutem. Sciatis quod — cum nos tercio die Decembris ultimo preterite per quandam cartam nostram ad laudem gloriam et honorem omnipotentis Dei, in cuius manu corda sunt regum, beatissime et intemerate virginis Marie, matris Christi, necnon gloriosi confessoris sancti Bernardi, extirpationem heresium et errorum, fidei augmentum, clerique decorem ac stabili- mentum sacrosancte matris ecclesie, cuius misteria personis sunt ydoneis committenda que velut stelle in custodiis suis lumen prebeant et populos instruant doctrina pariter et exemplo, quoddam collegium perpetuum juxta tenorem dicte carte nostre in et de numero nnius presidentis et quatuor sociorum, (seu plurium vel pauciorum prout casus eveniret secundum ipsius collegii facultates et expensas ampliandas vel diminuendas) in universitate nostra Cantebr. moraturorum ad studendum et orandum — pro salubri statu nostro ac statu consortis nostre dum vix- erimus et pro animabus nostris cum ab hac luce migraverimus nec- non pro animabus patris et matris nostrorum cunctorumque progeni- torum nostrorum et omnium fidelium defunctorum, — quos quidem presidentem et socios omnes et singulos successive suis temporibus ibidem existentes juxta statuta et ordinationes (inde per venerabiles viros magistrum Johannem Somerseth cancellarium 9 scaccarii nostri et magistrum Johannem Langton tunc caDcellarium dicte universitatis nostri jam defunctum, Ricardum Cawedray, Petmm Hirford, Gilbertnm Worthington defunctum et Thomam Boleyn dum vixissent ipsorumve majorem partem et post decessum alicuius vel aliquorum eorum per ipsos qui supervixissent sen per eorum sic superviventium majorem partem concedenda statuenda facienda et stabilienda) eligi prefici et institui, regi dirigi et gubernari, corrigi puniri amoveri destitui et privari voluerimus in quodam fundo sive solo (situato in pai-ochia sancte Botulpbi in villa Cantebrigie inter mesuagium mouialium sancte Eadegundis Cantebr., Andrea Doket clerici, Reginaldi Ely, Thome Neel, Thome Lovell, Henrici Symsone et Roberfci Bradwey clerici, ex parte australi, et mesuagivim Abbatis et conventus de Sawtry et mesuagium Benedicti Morys dyer, ex parte boriali, et abbuttat ad caput orientale super regiam viam vocatam Trumpyngton-strete et ad caput occi- dentale super regiam viam ducentem versus fratres Carmelitas Cantebr., et continet in longitudine a capite orientali usque ad caput occidentale ducentos septuaginta et septem pedes et dimidium pedis et in latitudine in capite orientali septuaginta et quinque pedes et in latitudine in capite occidentali septuaginta et duos pedes de standardo), quem quidem fundum ad hos finem et effectum nuper habuimus ex dono et concessione E-icardi Andrewe burgensis ville Cantabrigie per quandam cartam suam datam octavo die Novembris ultimo preterito nobis factam — tenore carte predicts fundaverimus erexerimus fecerimus et stabiliverimus perpetuis futuris temporibus duraturum, et magistrum Andream Doket presidentem et pro presidente ipsius collegii et Johannem Lawe, Alexandrum Forkelowe, Thomam Haywode et Johannem Careway clericos, socios ejusdem collegii per nos electos et ad hoc assumptos, secundum ordination es et statuta inde per predictos Johannem Somerseth, Johannem Langton, Bicardum, Petrum, Gilbertum, et Thomam ut predicitur facienda edenda regendos corrigendos privandos amovendos prefecerimus creaverimus et ordinaverimus, prout in dicta carte nostra inter alia dicte fundationi erection i facture et stabilimento consona et oppor- tuna plenius continetur, quam quidem cartam cum omnibus et singulis in eadem con- tentis cancellandam cassandam revocandam et adnullandam predicti presidens et socii in cancellariam nostram, nostro regio assensu eis in hac parte obtento, restituerunt, 10 Nos humillime supplicantes quatenus ea sic cancellanda cassanda revocanda adnullanda acceptare et (pro placabiliori situ ac elargatione edificiorum et habitationis hujusmodi collegii) collegium aliud — in quodam alio fundo et solo situate et jacente in parocMa sancti Botulphi in Cantebrigia, jacente inter babitationem. fratrum Car- melitarum ville Cantebr. ex parte boriali, et vicum regium vocatum Smalebriggestrete ex parte australi et ripariam ibidem ex parte occidentali et venellam vocatam Millestrete ex parte orientali nuper Johannis Morys de Trumpyngton armigeri, (quod quidem solum et fundum nuper ad bos finem et efFectum babuimus ex dono et conces- sione predictorum presidentis et sociorum per nomen unius mesuagii cum domibus et gardino et quatuor tenementorum cum gardinis eisdem tenementis adjacentibus, prout in quodam scripto ipsorum presidentis et sociorum de data primi diei Augusti ultimi preteriti iude nobis confecto plenius continetur) de novo fundare erigere facere et stabilire in forma subsequenti dignaremur: NOS, OMNIA et singula premissa interna meditatione merito contemplantes, de assensu presidentis et sociorum jDredictorum et ad eorum speciales instantiam et supplication em nobis (ut predicitur) factas et de gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scieutia nostra, dictam cartam nostram in forma predicta cancellandam acceptamus et tenore presentium cancellamus, ac omnia et singula in eadem contenta et specificata cassamus adnullamus et revocamus, et ea cassari ad- nullari et omnino revocari decernimus per presentes. Et ulterius, ad laudem gloriam et bonorem Dei, beate Marie et sancti Bernardi prenominatorum, ac ad cetera divine pietatis opera prelibata, quoddam collegium imperpetuum juxta tenorem presentium in et de numero unius presidentis et quatuor sociorum, (seu plurium vel pauciorum prout casus evenerit secundum ipsius collegii facultates et expensas ampliandas vel diminuendas) in universitate nostra Cantebr. moraturorum ad studendum et orandum — pro salubri statu nostro ac statu Margarete regine consoi-tis nostre dum vixerimus et pro animabus nosti'is cum ab hac luce migraverimus necnon pro animabus inclitorum patris et matris nos- trorum cunctorumque progenitorum nostrorum et omnium fidelium defunctorum — quos quidem presidentem et socios omnes et singulos successive suis temporibus ibi existentes juxta statuta et ordinationes (inde per predictos Jobannem Somersetb, Ricardum Cawedray, Petrum Hir- ford ac Jobannem Sperbauk, Hugonem Damlet et Tbomam Boleyn 11 dum vixerint ipsorumve majorem partem, et post decessum alicuius vel aliquorum eorum per ipsos qui supervixerint vel per eorum sic stiperviventium majorem partem concedenda statuenda facienda et stabilienda) eligi prefici et institui, regi dirigi et gubernari, corrigi puniri et amoveri, destitvxi et privai'i volumus in dicto fundo sive solo quod (ut predicitur) nuper habuimus ex dono et concessione predictorum presideutis et sociorum tenore pre- sentium fundamus erigimus facimus et stabilimus perpetuis futuris temporibus duraturum, ac predictum. magistrum Andream Doket presidentem et pro presidente ij)sius coUegii et predictos Joliannem Lawe, Alexandrum Forkelowe, Tliomam Haywode et Johaunem Carewey clericos, socios ejusdem collegii per nos electos et ad lioc assiimptos secundum ordinationes et statuta inde per predictos Johannem Somerseth Ricardum Petrum Joliannem Sperliauk Hugonem et Thomam Boleyn (ut predicitur) facienda [et] edenda, regendos corrigendos privandos et amovendos prefecimus creavimus et ordinavimus, preficimus creamus et ordinamus per presentes ; volentes et concedentes quod iidem presidens et socii et suc- cessores sui presidentes et socii ejusdem collegii juxta ordinationes et statuta (ut premittitvir) facienda et edenda, eligei-e congregare et admittere poterint sibi plures socios secundum ordinationes et statuta ilia regendos corrigendos privandos et amovendos, quos quidem socios et eorum successores sic electos congregates et admissos (secundum liuiusmodi statuta et ordinationes regendos corrigendos privandos et amovendos) socios esse ipsius collegii et tanquam socios et membra ejusdem collegii baberi teneri et in omnibus reputari volumus et concedimus pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris imperpetuum per presentes ; volentes ulterius et concedentes quod, prefato presidente cedente vel decedente vel quacunqxie alia de causa inde amoto sive private, socii residui collegii pro tempore existentes secundum formam et effectum ordinationum et statutorum bujusmodi (ut predicitur) fien- dorum, alteram idoneum virum in presidentem et pro presidente ejusdem collegii per cancellarum predicte universitatis et successores suos pro tempore existentes et non per nos neque beredes vel succes- sores nostros tenore presentium duximus admittendum et confirman- diim et secundum ordinationes et statuta predicta regendum corrigen- dum privandum et amovendumj et quod hujusmodi presidentibus cedentibus vel decedentibus aut 12 quoquo modo exinde privatis sen amotis in, ftiturum habeant dicti residui socii collegii antedicti et habere possint juxta ordinationes et statuta (ut premittitur) fienda, liberam electionem de tempore in tempus novi presidentis collegii supradicti queni in presidentem col- legii illius modo et forma prenotatis admitti et confirmari ac in presi- dentem ejusdem collegii sic admissum et confirmatum et secundum ordinationes et statuta predicta regendum corrigendum privandum et amovendum presidentem esse perpetuum ejusdem collegii absque licentia de nobis beredibus et successoribus nostris inde petenda vel prosequenda et non alium neque alio modo volumus et concedimus pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris quantum in nobis est imperpetuum per presentes ; volentes etiam et concedentes, quod sociis ejusdem collegii ceden- tibus vel decedentibus aut exinde privatis vel amotis aut eorum aliquo cedente vel decedente aut exinde privato seu amoto in futurum, habeant dicti presidens et socii et successores sui predicti imper- petuum juxta hujusmodi ordinationes et statuta liberam electionem et confirmationem novorum sociorum in eorum loco ponendorum absque licentia inde de nobis heredibus vel successoribus nostris petenda vel prosequenda in futurum, quos sic electos confirmatos et admissos, et non alios, socios esse collegii predicti, et tanquam socios et membra ejusdem collegii haberi teneri et reputari secundum ordinationes et statuta ilia regendos corrigendos et amovendos volumus et conce- dimus imperpetuum per presentes. XJlterius et concedimus quod presidens et socii antedicti pro tem- pore ibidem existentes et eorum successores in perpetuum Presidens et Socii Collegii Sancti Bernardi de Cantebrigia imperpetuum nuncupentur; et quod idem presidens et socii sint unum corpus in se in re et in nomine, et perpetuam habeant successionem, et quod ipsi, per nomen et sub nomine presidentis et sociorum collegii predicti, sint persone habiles et capaces et perpetue in lege ad impetrandum reci- piendum et perquirendum terras tenementa redditus et servicia advo- cationes ecclesiarum tam de nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris quam de aliis personis quibuscumque, licet ea de nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris immediate teneantur per servitium militare aut alio modo quocumque; habeiida et tenenda eisdem presidenti et sociis et successoribus suis imperpetuum, statuto de terris et tene- mentis ad manum mortuam non ponendis edito non obstante, ac insuper quod ipsi per nomen predictum placitare possint et 13 iinplacitari, prosequi et defendere oranimodas actiones reales et per- sonales ac mixtas cujuscumque generis fueriut vel nature ac sectas causas et querelas quascumque, ac eis respondere et in eisdem respon- deri valeant sub nomine predicto coram nobis et heredibus nostris, ac etiam coram justiciariis judicibus secularibus et ecclesiasticis qui- buscunque, et quod idem presidens et socii et eorum successores imperpetuum habeant unum sigillum commune pro negotiis et factis suis agendis et causis suis serviturum. Dedimus ulterius et concessimus ac etiam damus et concedimus per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris prefatis presidenti et sociis et successoribus suis tarn predictum fundum sive solum — quod nuper (ut predictum est) ex dono et concessione eorun- dem presidentis et sociorum pi'O domibus et edificiis eorumque man- sionibus et aliis necessariis suis in et super eodem fundo sive solo construendis et faciendis — quam unum tenementum cum suis perti- nentiis jacens in parocbia sancti Botitlpbi Cantebr. juxta tenemen- tum coUegii Corporis Cliristi et beate Marie Cantebr. ex parte boreali et tenementum rectorie sancti BotulpM ex parte australi, et abbut- tat ad unum caput super gardinum dicti coUegii Corporis Christi et ad alium capu-t super regiam viam vocatam Altam Stratam versus occi- dentem, ac etiam predictum solum et fundum quod nuper (ut predic- tum est) habuimus ex dono et concessione predicti Ricardi Andrewe, habenda et tenenda eisdem presidenti et sociis et successoribus suis in liberam puram et perpetuam elemosinam imperpetuum, predicto statuto non obstante. Preterea concessimus et licentiam dedimus pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris quantum in nobis est, prefatis Johanni Somer- seth, Ricardo, Petro, Johanni Sperhauk, Hugoni et Thome Boleyn, quod ipsi sex dum vixerint seu eorum major pars, et post decessum alicuius vel aliquorum eorum sic superviventium major pars ordina- tiones et statuta predicta corrigere emendare reformare seu totaliter mutare et cum eis dispensare ac nova ordiaaciones et statuta pro bona et sana gubernatione collegii prenotati facere poterunt vel pote- rit, juxta que presidentes et socii collegii prelibati ex tunc in eodem collegio futuri et existentes regi et gubernari debeant, ac modo et forma prenotatis amovendi et privandi existant. Insuper de gratia nostra speciali concessimus et licentiam dedi- mus per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris quan- tum in nobis est, prefatis presidenti et sociis ac suis successoribus 14 predictis, quod ipsi perquirere possint terras tenenxenta et redditus necnon advocationes ecclesiarum et aliorum beneficiorum ecclesiasti- corum quorumcTinqvie tarn de terris et tenementis que de nobis . in capita per servitium militare aut per aliquod aliud servicium seu de aliis quam de nobis per quodcumque servicium teneantur, que qui- dem terre tenementa redditus et ecclesie et alia beneficia quecumque ad centum libras per annum attingunt, habenda et tenenda terras tene- menta redditus et advocationes ilia eisdem presidenti et sociis et suc- cessoribus suis in liberam puram et perpetuam elemosinam imper- petuum, et eadem ecclesias et alia beneficia quecumque appropriare et ea sic appropriata in proprios usus suos retinere sibi et successoribus suis pro eorum sustentatione in victu et vestitu aliisque necessariis eorum agenda imperpetuum absque molestatione vel impetitione nostri beredum seu successorum nostrorum aut aliorum quorum- cunque, statuto predicto seu alio aliquo statute sive ordinatione in contrarium edito facto vel ordinate non obstante, et hoc absque ali- quo feodo magno vel parvo aut aliquo fine quecumque nobis beredi- bus vel successoribus nostris reddendo vel faciendo pre premissis aut aliquo premissorum. Et ulterius (de uberiori gratia nostra) concessimus eisdem presi- denti et sociis et successoribus suis, quod ipsi presidens et socii et successores sui imperpetuura sint quieti de quibuscumque corrodiis sive sustentationibus et pensionibus alicui persona sive aliquibus per- senis (ad rogatum seu mandatum nostrum vel heredum seu successo- rum nostrorum ratione dicte fundationis nostre seu quacumqtie alia de causa) concedendis, ipsosque presidentem et secies et successores suos de bujusmodi corrodiis sive sustentationibus et pensionibus ali- qualiter (ut premittitur) concedendis, liberos et immunes et quietos et exonerates esse velumus per presentes, ee quod collegium pi-edic- tum de fundatione nostra (ut premittitur) existit, aut aliquo statuto ordinatione provisiene sive actu aute hec tempera qualitercumque edito facto oi'dinate seu proviso aut aliqua re causa vel materia quacumque. ante bee tempera babita facta seu perpetrata non ob- stante. *' Hiis testibus : venerabilibus patribus J. Arcbiepiscopo Cantuar. tetius Anglie primate cancellario nostre, W. Lincoln., Marmaduce Karliel. thesaurario nostre Anglie et A. Cicestren. custede privati sigilli nestri, episcepis, carissimis censanguineis nostris Ricarde Ebor. et HumMdo Buk. ducibus, carissimis censanguineis nostris 15 Edmundo Dors, et Willelmo Suff. marchionibus, ac carissimis consan- guineis nostris Ricardo Sar. et Johanni Salop, comitibus, dilectis et fidelibus nostris Radulpbo Cromwell et Johanni Stourton thesaurario hospitii nostri, militibus, et aliis. Datum per manum nostram apud "Westmonasterium vicesimo primo die Augusti, anno regni nostri vicesimo quinto. Kirkeham Per ipsum regem et de data predicta auctoritate parliamenti. Appended to the charter is the great seal of England. About this time Margaret of Anjoii, the queen of Henry VI., addressed a petition to him, begging to have the foundation and naming of the college. It is here given from the original pre- served among the college muniments: — Margaret RH To the King my souverain lord. Besecheth mekely Margarete qnene of Englond youre humble wif, Forasmuche as youre moost noble grace hath newely ordeined and stablisshed a collage of seint Bernai'd in the Universite of Cam- brigge with -multitude of grete and faire privilages pei'petuelly appar- tenyng unto the same as in youre Ires patentes therupon made more plainly hit appereth In the whiche universite is no collage founded by eny queue of Englond hidertoward, Plese hit therfore unto youre highnesse to yeve and graunte unto youre seide humble wif the fondacon and determinacon of the seid collage to be called and named the Queues collage of sainte Margerete and saint Bernard, or ellis of sainte Margarete vergine and martir and saint Bernard confessour, and therupon for ful evidence thereof to have licence and pouoir to ley the furst stone in her owne persone or ellis by other depute of her assignement, so that beside the mooste noble and glorieua collage roial of our Lady and saint ISTicholas founded by your highnesse may be founded and stablisshed the seid so called Queues collage to conservacon of oure feith and augmentacon of pure clergie namely of the imparesse of alle sciences and facultees theologic . . to the ende there accustumed of plain lecture and exposicon botraced with docteurs sentence autentiq' performed daily twyes by two 16 docteurs notable and wel avised upon the bible aforenoone and maistre of the sentences afternoone to the publique audience of alle men frely bothe seculiers and religieus to the magnificence of denominacon of suche a Quenes collage and to laud and honneure of sexe femenine, like as two noble and devoute contesses of Pem- broke and of Clare founded two collages in the same universite called Pembroke halle and Clare halle the wiche are of grete reputacon for good and worshipful clerkis that by grete multitude have be bredde and brought forth in theym, And of youre more ample grace to graunte that all privileges immunitees profites and como- dites conteyned in the Ires patentes above reherced may stonde in theire strength and pouoir after forme and ejffect of the conteine in theym. And she shal ever preye God for you. This document is written on parchment, 13 inches by 7 inches: the queen as a royal personage puts her name at the top, and the letters E, H are the King's own sign manual, by which he countersigned the petition on returning it to the queen granted. Its date must be between 21 Aug. 1447 and 30 March, 1448. What prompted queen Margaret to undertake the patronage of the college, — whether (as Fuller says) ' as Miltiades' trophy in Athens would not suffer Themistocles to sleap, so this Queen beholding her husband's bounty in building King's college was restless in herself with holy emulation until she had pro- duced something of tbe like nature, a strife wherein wives without breach of duty may contend with their husbands which should exceed in pious performances,' — or whether Andrew Doket, finding the King too busy with the affairs of state and the management of his own two foundations. King's college and Eton college, contrived to engage the queen's interest in a similar work, — there is no evidence to shew. Any how the college gladly accepted the queen as their patroness, and a second time returned their charter into chancery to be revoked, and resigned into the King's hands all the lands which they possessed, with the petition that he would grant them to queen Margaret together with the licence to found ' another college in honour of the glorious virgin St Margaret and of St Bernard, on the ground late of John Morys of 17 Trumpington esquire.' The King acceded to the joint request of his queen and the college, and so St Bernard's college finally disappears. Its only memorials are the charters, a few' deeds referring to its sites and its seal ; for though the will of John Carawey of Cambridge (mentioned p. 30) contains a bequest to St Bernard's college, it really belongs by its date (26 May, 1449) to queen Margaret's college. '^U Ckxium'' colkge of S>t JWargartt antr ^t tSernatlJ, 30 Mm% 1448. I^r viT _ n ,1- I. ETTERS patent under the great seal were issued on 30 March, 1448, granting to Margaret of Anjou the lands of St Bernard's college and licence to found a college. It is printed in the ' Documents relating to the uni- versity and colleges of Cam- bridge,' iii. 1 ff. in the Inspexi- mus charter of 1 Henry VIII. This is the charter mentioned in the calendar of the Patent Rolls (1802, fo.), 26 Hen. VI. p. 292, n. 39, as ' Perampla fundatio ac dotatio pro collegio S. Bernardi Cant.' It is here transcribed from the original in the college treasury : — HENRICUS DEI GEATIA Eex Anglie et Francie et Domimis Hibernie, omnibus ad qiios presentes litere pervenerint, Sakitem. Sciatis quod — cum nos vicesimo primo die Avigusti ultimo pre- terito per quandam cartam nostram 19 ad laudem gloriam et honorem omnipotentis Dei, in cuius manu corda sunt regiim, et beatissime et intemerate virginis Marie matris Christi necnon gloriosi confessoris sancti Bernardi, extirpa- tionem heresium et errorum, fidei augmentum, cleriqvie decorem ac stabilimentiim sacrosancte matris ecclesie, cuius roisteria personis sunt ydoneis committenda que velut stelle in custodiis suis lumen prebeant, et populos instriiant doctrina pariter et exemplo, quoddam collegium perpetuum juxta tenorem dicte carte uostre in et de numero unius presidentis et quatuor sociorum (sen plu- riam vel pauciorum prout casus eveniret secundum ipsius collegii facultates et expensas ampliandas vel diminuendas) in utiiversitate nostra Cantebr. moraturorum ad studendum et orandnm — pro salubri statu nostro ac statu precarissime consortis nostre Margarete regine Anglie dum vixissemus et pro animabus xiostris cum ab liac luce migi'assemus, necnon pro animabus incli- torum patris et matris nostroruni cunctorumque progenitorum nos- trorum et omnium fidelium defunctorum — quos quidem presidentem et socios omnes et singulos successive suis temporibus ibi existentes juxta statuta et ordinationes (inde per venerabiles viros magistrum Johannem Somersetli cancellarium scaccarii nostri, Ricardum Cawe- dray, Petrum Hyrford, Johannem Sparhauk, Hugonem Damlet, et Thomam Boleyn clericos, dum vixissent ipsorumve majorem partem, et post decessum alicuius vel aliquorum eorum per ipsos qui super- vixissent seu per eorum sic superviventium majorum condenda statuenda facienda et stabilienda) eligi pi'efici et institui, regi dirigi et gubernari, corrigi puniri et amoveri, destitui et privari volue- rimus in quodam fundo et solo situate in parochia sancti Botulphi in Cantebrigia (jacente inter habitationem fratrum Carmelitarum ville Cantebrigie ex parte boriali et vicum regium vocatum Smallbrigge- strete ex parte australi et ripariam ibidem ex parte occidentali et venellam vocatam Millestrete ex parte orientali), quod quidem solum et fundum nuper ad hos finem et efFectum habuimus ex dono et concessione predictorum presidentis et socio- rum per nomen unius mesuagii cum domibus et gardino et quatuor tenementorum cum gardinis eisdem tenementis adjacentibus, prout in quodam scripto ipsorum presidentis et sociorum de data primi diei Augusti tunc ultimo preteriti inde nobis confecto plenius con- tin etur, tenore carte predicte fundaverimus erexerimus fecerimus et stabili- 2—2 20 verimus pei'petuis futuris temporibus duraturum ae magistrum An- clream Doketpresidentem et pro presidente ipsius coUegii etJoliannem Lawe, Alexandrum Forkelowe, Thomam Haywode, et Johaunem Carewej clericos, socios ejusdem eollegii per nos electos et ad hoc assumptos, secundum ordinationes et statuta inde per predictos Joliannem Somerseth Ricardum Petrum Johannem Sperliauk, Hugonein et Thomam Boleyn (ut predicitur) facienda et edenda regeudos corrigendos privandos et amovendos prefecerimus creaveii- inus et ordinaverimus, prout in dicta carta nostra inde inter alia dictis fundationi erectioni facture et stabilimento consona et opportuna plenius continetur, quam quidem cartam cum omnibus et singulis in eadem content! s pi'edicti presidens et socii in cancellariam nostram, nostro regio assensu eis in hac parte obtento, restituerunt eancellandam cassan- dam revocandam et adnullandam, Nos humillime supplicantes quatenus earn sic eancellandam cassan- dam revocandam et adnullandam acceptare et — tarn fundum sive solum predicttim cum suis pertinentiis quam aliud fundum sive solum (oituatum in dicta parochia sancti Botulphi in dicta villa Cantebrigie inter mesuagium monialium sancte Radegundis Cantebr. necnon mesuagium Andree Doket clerici, mesuagium Eeginaldi Eli, mesuagium Tliome Neel, mesuagium Thome Lovell, mesuagium Hen- rici Symsone et mesuagium Roberti Bradwey clerici ex parte australi ct mesuagiiim Abbatis et conventus de Sawetry ac mesuagium Bene- dicti Morys dyer ex parte boriali, et abbuttat ad caput orientale super regiam viam vocatam Trumpyngton Strete, ad caput occiden- tale super regiam viam duct ntem versus fra.tres Carmelitas Cantebr.) cum suis pertinentiis, quod quidem fundum sive solum prefati presi- dens et socii ex concessione nosti^a nuper habuerent, nee non unum tenementum cum suis pertinentiis (jacens in dicta parochia sancti Botulphi Cantebr. juxta tenementum eollegii Corporis Christi et beate Marie Cantebr. ex parte boriali et tenementum rectorie sancti Botulphi ex parte australi, et abbuttat ad unum caput super gardinum dicti eollegii Corporis Christi et ad aliud caput super regiam viam vocatam Highstrete versus occidentem) — in manus nostras ex eorvim assensu et voluntate totaliter resumere, ac fundos sive sola et tenementa ilia prefate precarissime consorti nostri interim dare et concedere, necnon eidem consorti nostre aliud et hiTJusmodi collegium in honore gloriose virginis sancte Margarete et sancti Bernardi prelibati in predicto fundo sive solo quod nuper fuit prefati Johannis Morys 21 de Trumpyngton armigei'i fundandi erigendi faciendi et stabiliendi, nostram regiam licentiam in forma subsequent! gratiose concedere dignaremur, NOS OMNIA et singula premissa intei'na meditatione merito contemplantes, de assensu presidentis et sociorum predictorum et ad prefate consortis nostre singularera contemplationem ac ipsorum presidentis et sociorum instantiam et supplicationem nobis in hac parte specialiter factas de gratia nostra speciali et ex certa scientia nostra dictam cartam nostram in forma predicta cancellandam acceptamus et tenore presentium cancellamiis, ac omnia et singula in eadem carta contenta et specificata cassamiis revocamus et adnullamus et ea cassari revocari et omuino adnuUari decernimus per presentes ; ac fundos sive sola et tenementa predicta cum suis pertinentiis ex causis supradictis in manus nostras resuminius et eadem fundos sive sola et tenementa cum suis pertinenciis predicte consorti nostre — ad intentioneni et effectum quod ipsa bujusmodi collegium in eodem fundo sive solo nuper Johannis Morys supradicti in forma subsequenti erigat fundet et stabiliat, — damns et concedimus per presentes, habenda et tenenda sibi beredibus et assignatis suis imperpetuum ; et ulterius de gratia nostra viberiori eoncessimus et licentiam dedimus pro nobis et beredibus ac successoribus nostris prefate consorti nostre, quod ipsa (ad laudem gloriam et honorem Dei et beate Marie ac dicte gloriose virginis sancte Margarete et sancti Bernardi pre- nominati ac ad cetera divina pietatis opera prelibata) quoddam collegium perpetuum juxta tenorem presentium in et de numero uoius presidentis et quatuor sociorum (seu plurium vel pauciorum prout casus eveniret secundum illius coUegii facultates et expensas ampliandas vel diminuendas) in dicta universitate nostra Cantebr. nioraturorum ad studen- dum et orandum — pro salubri statu nostro ac statu ejusdem con- sortis nostre dum vixerimus et pro animabus nostris cum ab bac luce migraverimus, necnon pro animabus inclitorum patrum et ma- trum nostrorum cunctorumque progenitorum nostrorum et omnium fidelium defunctorum — quos quidem presidentem et socios omnes et singulos successive suis teir.poribus ibi existentes juxta statuta et ordiuationes (inde per venerabilem patrem Willelmum Coventren. et Lycb. episcopum ac 22 predictos Johannem Somerseth Ricardum Cawedray Petrum Hirford Hugonem Damlet et Tliomam Boleyn ac Willelmum Millyngton clericos dum vixerint ipsorumve majorem partem et post decessum alicuius vel aliquorum eorum per eos qui supervixerint semper eorum sic superviventium majorem partem condenda statuenda faci- enda et stabilienda) eligi prefici et institui regi dirigi et gubernari corrigi puniri et amoveri destitui et privari volumus in dicto fundo sive solo quod (ut predicitur) nuper fuit predicti Johannis Morys fundare erigere facere et stabilire possit perpetuis futuris temporibus duraturum ac predictum magistrum Andream Doket presidentem et pro presidente ipsius collegii et predictos Johannem Lawe, Alexandrum Forkelowe, Thomas Haywode et Johannem Carewey clericos socios ejusdem collegii secundum ordinationes et statuta (inde per predictos episcopum Johannem Somerseth Ricardum Petrum Hugonem Tho- mam et Willelmum Millyngton ut predicitur facienda et edenda) regendos corrigendos privandos et amovendos preficere creare et ordinare valeat. Volumus enim et concedimus, quod postquam collegium predic- tum per dictam consortem nostram in forma predicta fundatum erectum factum et stabilitum fuerit et predicti presidens et socii per ipsam similiter prefecti creati et ordinati fuerint, iidem pre- sidens et socii et successores sui presidentes et socii ejusdem collegii iuxta ordinationes et statuta (ut premittitur) fienda et edenda eligere cougregare et admittere poterunt plures socios secundum ordinationes et statuta ilia regendos corrigendos privandos et amovendos — quos quidem socios et eoi-um successores sic electos congregatos et ad- missos (secundum hujusmodi statuta et ordinationes regendos cor- rigendos privandos et amovendos) socios esse ipsius collegii et tan- quam socios et membra ejusdem collegii haberi teneri et in omnibus reputari volumus et concedimus pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris imperpetuum per presentes. Volumus ulterius et concedimus quod post fundationem erec- tionem facturam et stabilimentum collegii predicti ac perfectionem creationem et ordinationem predictorum presidentis et sociorum in forma predicta fiendam, eodem presidente cedente vel decedente vel quacumque alia de causa inde amoto sive private, socii residui ejusdem collegii pro tempore existentes, secundum formam et effectum ordinationum et statutorum hujusmodi (ut predicitur) fiendorum, alteram ydoneum virum in presidentem electum post 23 electionem de se factam in presidentem et pro presidente ejiisdem collegii jjer cancellarium predicte uuiversitatis et successores suos pro teuijjore existentes et non per prefatam consortem nostram neque aliquam aliam regiuam Anglie sibi succedentem tenore presentiuni duximus admittendum et confirmandum et secundum ordinationes et statuta predicta regeudum corrigendum privandum et amovendum, et qtiod liujusmodi presidentibus cedentibus vel deoedentibus aut quoquo modo exinde privatis sire amotis infuturum, habeant dicti residui socii collegii antedicti et habere possint juxta ordi- nationes et statuta (ut premittitur) fienda liberam electionem de tempore in tempus novi pi'esidentis collegii supradicti, quem in presidentem collegii illius modo et forma prenotatis admitti et confirmari ac in presidentem ejusdem collegii sic admissum et con- firmatum et secundiim ordinationes et statuta predicta regendum cor- rigendum pi'ivandum et amovendum, presidentem esse perpetuum ejusdem collegii absque licentia de prefata consorte nostra vel aliqua regina Anglie sibi succedente inde petenda vel prosequenda, et non alium neque alio modo volumus et concedimus pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris quantum in nobis est imper- petuum per presentes. Yolumus etiam et concedimus quod post prefectionem creatio- nem et oi'dinationem predictorum sociorum collegii sujjradicti per dictam consortem nostram in forma predicta fiendam, sociis dicti collegii cedentibus vel decedentibus aut exinde privatis vel amotis aut eorum aliquo cedente vel decedente aut exinde privato seu amoto in futurum, liabeant dicti presidens et socii et successores sui predicti imperpetuum juxta hujusmodi ordinationes et statuta liberam electio- nem et confirmationem novorum sociorum in eorum loco ponendorum absque licentia inde de dicta consorte nostra vel aliqua regina Anglie sibi succedente petenda vel prosequenda in futurum, quos sic electos confirmatos et admissos et non alios socios esse collegii pre- dicti et tanquam socios et membra ejusdem collegii baberi teneri et reputari secundum ordinationes et statuta ilia regendos corrigendos et amovendos volumus et concedimus pro nobis heredibus et succes- soribus nostris imperpetuum per presentes. Et ulterius volumus et concedimus quod collegium predictum c\im sic (ut premittitur) fundatum erectum factum et stabilitum fuerit Reginale Collegium Sancte Margarete et Sancti Ber- nard! in universitate Cantebr. imperpetuum nuncupetur, et quod 24 presidens et socii antedicti pro tempore ibidem existentes imper- petuum Presidens et Socii Eeginalis Collegii Sancte Marga- rete et Sancti Bernardi in nniversitate Cantebr. imperpetiium nuncupentur : et quod iidem presidens et socii sint unum corpus in se in re et in nomine, et perpetuam liabeant successionem, et quod ipsi per nomen et sub nomine presidentis et sociorum collegii predicti sint persone habiles capaces et perpetue in lege ad impetrandum recipiendum et perquirendum terras tenementa redditus et servicia ac advocationes ecclesiarum tam de nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris quam de aliis personis quibuscunque, licet ea de nobis heredibus et successori- bus nostris immediate teneantur per servitium militare aut alio modo quocunque; babenda et tenenda eisdem presidenti et sociis et succes- soribus suis imperpetuum, statuto de terris et tenementis ad manum mortuam non ponendis edicto non obstante: ac similiter quod ipsi per nomen predictum placitare possint et implacitari prosequi et defendere omnimodas actiones reales per- sonales et mixtas cujuscunque generis fuerint vel nature ac sectas causas et querelas quascumque, ac eis respondere et in eis responderi valeant sub nomine predict© coram nobis et heredibus nostris ac etiam coram justiciariis et judicibus secularibxis et ecclesiasticis quibuscumque ; et quod iidem presidens et socii et eorum successores imper- petuum habeant unum sigillum commune pro negociis et factis suis agendis et causis^suis serviturtim. Preterea concessimus et licentiam dedimus pro nobis et successori- Inis nostris quantum in nobis est per presentes prefate consorti nostre quod ipsa (immediate post fundationem erectionem facturam et stabilimentum collegii predicti ac post prefectionem et ordina- tionem predictorum presidentis et sociorum ejusdem collegii per eandem consortem nostram in forma predicta fiendam) predicta fundos sive sola et tenementa cum pertinentiis prefatis presidenti et sociis et successoribus suis, tam pro domibus et edificiis eorumque mansionibus et aliis neeessariis suis in et super eadem fundos sive sola et tenementa construendis et faciendis, quam in perpetuam augmentationem sustentationis eorundem presidentis et sociorum et successorum suorum, dare possit et concedere, necnon eisdem presidenti et sociis quod ipsi fundos sive sola et tenementa predicta cum suis pertinentiis a prefata consorte nostra in forma predicta recipere et tenere possint sibi et successoribus suis imperpetuum 25 similiter tenore presentium licentiam dedimus specialem, dicto statute de terris et tenementis ad manum mortuam non ponendis edito non obstante. Et insuper volumiis concedimus et licentiam damns pro nobis lieredibus et snccessoribus nostris quantum in nobis est per presentes, prefatis episcoj)o, Johanni Somersetb, Ricardo Cawedray, Petro, Hugoni, Thome Boleyn et "Willelmo Millyngton quod ijisi septem dum vixerint sen eorum major pars, et post decessum alicuius vel aliquorum eorum sic superviventium major pars ordinationes et statuta predicta con-igere emendare reformare seu totaliter mutare et cum eis dispensare ac nova ordinationes et statuta pro bona et sana gubernatione collegii prenotati facere poterunt vel poterit, juxta que presidentes et socii collegii prelibati ex tunc in eodem collegio futuri et existentes regi et gubernari debeant, ac modo et forma prenotatis amovendi et privandi existant. Ulterius concessimus et licentiam dedimus pro nobis heredibus et snccessoribus nostris qixantum in nobis est per presentes prefatis presidenti et sociis, quod postquam iidem presidens et socii in forma predicta prefect! creati et ordinati existant, ipsi et eorum successores presidens et socii collegii predicti perquirere possint terras tenementa et redditus nee non advocationes ecclesiarum et aliorum beneficiorum ecclesiasticorum quorumcumque tam de terris et tenementis que de nobis in capite per servicium militare aut jDcr aliquod aliud servicium seu de aliis quam de nobis per quodcumque servicium teneantur, que quidem terre tenementa redditus et ecclesia et alia beneficia ecclesiastica quecunque ad ducentas libras per annum se attingunt, liabenda et tenenda terras tenementa redditus et advoca- tiones ilia eisdem presidenti et sociis et snccessoribus suis in liberam j^uram et perpetuam elemosinam imperpetuum, et eadem ecclesias et beneficia quecumque appropriare et ea sic appropriata in propi'ios usus suos tenere sibi et successoribus suis pro eorum sustentatione in victii vestitu aliisque necessariis eorum agenda imperpetuum absque molestatione vel impetitione nostri lieredvim seu successorum nostrorum aut aliorum quoi-umcumque, statute predicto seu aliquo alio statute sive ordinatione in contrarium edito facto seu ordinato non obstante : et bee absque aliquo feedo magne vel parvo aut fine quecumque nobis heredibus seu snccessoribus nostris reddendo solvendo vel faciendo pro premissis vel aliquo premissorum, quod expressa mentio de aliis denis et concessionibus per nos prefate consorti nostra ante 26 hec tempora factis in presentibus facta non existit juxta formam Sitatutorum inde editorum non obstante. In cuius rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus paten- tes. Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium tricesimo die Martii anno regni nostri vicesimo sexto. Kirkeham. Per ipsum regem et de data predicta auctoritate parliamenti. This deed measures 26 inches hy 17^ inches, and has ap- pended to it the great seal of England. In the letters patent, which in pursuance of this permission the queen issued on 15 April 26 Hen. VI. 1448, she first recites the King's charter of 30 March, and then, repeating the provisions of it in her own name with little or no variation, proceeds ' in the name of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, and of the glorious virgin Mary, and of St Margaret and of St Bernard, by virtue and authority of the King's licence,' to found a college for one president and four fellows, by the name of the Queen's College of St Margaret and St Bernard; or, in Latin, Collegium Regi- nale Sancte Margarete et Sancti Bernardi. As this charter contains no new points, the queen's own words only are transcribed from the original in the college treasury; indeed, this charter is quite ignored in the confirma- tion charters of 2 Hen. VIII. and 3 Edw. VI., where the King's charter alone is recited. MARGARETA DEI GRATIA Regina Anglie et Francie et Domina Hibernie, Filia Regis Sicilie et Jerusalem, Universis et sin- gulis sancte matris ecclesie filiis, ad quorum notitiam presentes litere et contenta in eisdem pervenerint, Salutem in omnium Salvatore. Cum illustrissimus et metuendissimus Princeps et Dominus meus, Dominus Henricus nunc rex Anglie et Francie et Dominus Hibernie sextus post conquestam vicesimo primo die Augusti anno regni sui vicesimo quinto, per quandam cartam suam, ad laudem gloriam et honoi'em omnipotentis Dei, etc. (^nearly as in the hinges deed of 30 March) NOS VERO premissa interna meditatione fore pia et meritoria intime considerantes eaque perficere ac perimplere cupientes et ad 27 hujusmodi collegii erection em fundationem et stabilimenttim, in nomine Sancte et Individue Trinitatis, Patris Filii et Spiritus Sancti, et gloriose virginis Marie sancteque Margarete et sancti Bernardi prelibatorum, vigore et auctoritate licentie regie nobis (nt prefertur) in liac parte per litteras superiiis specificatas date et concesse, pro- cedimus ad laiidem gloriam et bonorem omnipotentis Dei, etc. {yearly as before). In quorum omnium et singulorum premissoram testimonium has literas nostras fieii fecimus patentes. Datum quinto decimo die Aprilis anno regni predicti domini mei regis Henrici sexti post conquestum vicesimo sexto supra- dicto. This deed, measuring 37 inches by 23 inches, bears appended the seal of the queen which is circular, 3|^ inches in diameter, and shews the queen's arms crowned and supported by a griffin and an eagle, surrounded by the inscription ^igillum i$targar£t£ M gratia regme anglij ti francic tx lJomin£ j^ibtrnic filk ugis stcili^ t\ m\m. From the words ' auctoritate apostolica et regia,' used in a document transcribed p. 46, it would seem, that besides the royal charter a papal bull was procured for the foundation of Queens' college, as was the case with most colleges and univer- sities in those days. If this were the case, the bull was sent to London in 1535 together with all charters, statutes, etc. of the uni- versity and the colleges, and possibly destroyed, as Mr W.Nelson, of the Public Record office, was not able, after diligent enquiry, to discover it there; nor is there any transcript of it among the ' Vatican papers ' in the British Museum (Addit. MSS. 15351 — 15400). However, archbishop Parker in the account of the colleges appended to his work, De antiquitate Britannicfe ecclesias, and written about 1571, has in his notice of Queens' college placed the words 'ex diplomate pontificio' opposite the statement, that Andrew Doket was the founder of the college: may we conjecture from this, that he saw the papal bull for the foundation after the reformation, and that therefore it may yet be in existence? 28 In these two charters of Henry and Margaret, the same society was constituted as in the earlier ones of St Bernard's college, viz. Andrew Doket, president, and John La we, Alexander Forkelowe, Thomas Heywode, and John Carewey, clerks, the four fellows. They were to form a corporation aMe to sue and to be sued, with a common seal, and having licence to hold property in mortmain to the amount of £200 per annum. The statutes were to be framed by William Booth, bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, John Somerseth, Richard Cawedray, Peter Hirfordy Hugh Damlet, Thomas Boleyn, and William Millington, clerks. * We will now glance at the history of those persons who were concerned in the foundation of the two colleges. Of the royal patroness, Margaret of Anjou, it is not neces- sary to say much. She was daughter of Ren^, count of Anjou and of Provence, duke of Bar and Lorraine, and titular king of Sicily and Jerusalem, and was born 23 March 1428-9; she was espoused to Henry VI. in I^ov. 1444, married to him at South- wick Hampshire, 22 April, and crowned at Westminster, 30 May, 1445. She was then, at the time when she accepted or assumed the patronage of the college, only in her nineteenth year, but in spite of her youth was becoming rapidly the most important personage in the realm. Of Andrew Doket, the first president of the college, it will be more convenient to put together all that is known 29 in his place in the series of the presidents of the later foun- dation. Concerning the four fellows appointed by the charters of 1446, 1447 and 1448, not much has been found. In the, list of witnesses to the deed of surrender of St Ber- nard's college, the name of John Lawe, bailiff of Cambridge occurs ; he may have been a relation of John Lawe, clerk, fellow of the college. The name of this latter occurs in a list of bene- factors of about the year 1480. Alexander Forkelowe, clerk, was the second on the list of the tirst fellows. He was living in 1472, as he is mentioned in the 'Vellum Inventory' of that date as having in his pos- session a chalice belonging to the chapel. Mr Thomas Fair- cloughe, probably a relative of the fellow, occurs in the list of benefactors above mentioned. He was vicar of Rickling, Essex, being instituted 13 April, 1444 ; he resigned before 1 Oct. of the same year (Newcourt, Rep. ii. 493). In MS. Baker xxx. 200, we find, ' Anno 1444 Jul. 27, admissus fuit Th. Fairclogh ad ecclesiam parochialem de Lol worth,' and in the register of bishop Bourchier (MS. Addit. [Cole] 5826, fo. 15[16]), ' 13 Nov. 1448 Holbourne, the bishop adm. and inst. Sir Wm. Marle- burgh, chaplain, to the B. of Lolleworth on the Resig. of M. Tho. Fairclogh by his proxy M. Alexander Fairclogh at the present, of Hen. Langley esq., reserving to Mr Tho. Fairclogh an annual pension till he should be provided with another benefice, fo. 19 b.' Another of the same name, Geoffry Ferk- low or Faireclogh, was fellow of Pembroke hall in 1444 (Hawes and Loder's Framlingham, 215). The surnames of these two fellows occur in the deeds of the first site of St Bernard's college. On 20 Aug. 1446, John Lawe and Thomas Forkelawe, clerks, and John Aldreth, citizen, bought two separate tenements in St Botolph's parish, the one of Henry Symmesson and Agnes his wife, the other of Henry Symmeson and Thomas Good, citizens of Cambridge. These two they made over to Bichard Andrewe on 6 Sept. On 20 Oct. a tenement adjoining to it and touching it on the east side was made over to Bichard Andrewe by Agnes, widow of Tho- 30 mas Jacob, and John More, clerk, and Richard Sextein, execu- tors of the deceased. These three properties formed the piece of ground given by Richard Andrewe to the King on 8 Nov, for the purpose of founding a college. Joh^ Lawe was pro- bably the fellow, and Thomas Faircloughe or Forkelawe the rector of Lolworth above mentioned. Of Thomas Heywode nothing appears, save that he is men- tioned as fellow of Queens' college in a deed of 6 March 1448-9. He was alive in Sept. 1459. John Carewey was the fourth fellow. Mr John Carawey of Cambridge, son of and Margaret Carawey, bequeathed to the new college of St Bernard all the books which he had in gift from his uncle (patruus) Mr John Carawey, ' in perpetuam meraoriam pro anima ipsius et anima mea habendam inter socios dicti coUegii,' except a book ' cum devotionibus,' which he left to Andrew Doket, and a portiforium, which was to be sold, and its price laid out for the souls of his uncle and himself. He desired to be buried within the sanctuary of the church of St Vigor at Fulbourn, and left small bequests to that church and to St Botolph's in Cambridge, His executors were Andrew Doket, Mr Geoffry Bishop, vicar of Fulbourn All Saints (Blomefield, Collect. Cantab. 41), to whom he left 'unum carainum de ferro,' and Mr Thomas Carawey. As supervisor of his will he appointed William Wilflete, rector of Fulbourn St Vigor's, master of Clare hall, chancellor of the university 1458, and dean of Stoke college 1454 — 70 (Masters's Hist, of C. C. C, App. p. 38). His will was made 26 May, and proved 5 June 1449 before the vice-chancellor Dr Nicholas S waff ham in the adjoining house of the Carmelite friars. By a reference to the dates it will be seen, that though he mentions the new college of St Bernard, that college had more than a year before been transformed into that of St Margaret and St Bernard. He therefore perhaps was not the fellow. Also, since he mentions a rector of St Vigor's, he was not the John Carewey, rector 15 Oct. 1442, ' who gave above 100 acres of land to that parish, and who was buried in that church, where his monument still ex- ists.' (Blomefield, Collect. Cantab. 37, Charity Reports, xxxi. 118, Lysons' Cambr. 198). 31 A filth fellow appears on 6 March 1448-9, Peter Hyrforde, whom we have seen nominated as one of the framers of the statutes in all the foundation charters, and who, in a deed of the above-mentioned date, occurs with Thomas Heywode as fellow. On 22 Feb. 1412-3, Peter Hirforde, B.A., in the new chapel of the university before Eudo la Zouch, LL.D. the chancellor, and the venerable congregation of the masters, regent and non regent, renounced the conclusions and opinions of Wyclitfe, and took an oath that he would never teach, approve or defend those conclusions, opinions, books or treatises, but resist the same and all favouring them in the schools or else- where, to the utmost of his power. Wycliife's name is not mentioned in the instrument setting forth the proceedings, but his opinions are referred to as those which had been condemned by a provincial constitution made at St Paul's, London (MS. Hare, ii. 26, Cooper, Ann. i. 153). In Lewis' life of Reginald Pecock (ed. 1820, p. 142) he is mentioned with Gilbert Wor- thington, William Millyngton, Hugh Damlet and other doctors as opponents of bishop Pecock in their sermons, lectures, and determinations. He was confessor to John duke of Bedford, regent of France, and witness to his will made 10 Sept. 1435 (Nicolas, Test. Vetusta, 243). Peter Hirford [Peter Irforth] also occurs as one of the arbitrators in a dispute between Pembroke hall and St Thomas' hostel respecting the appointment of the outer principal of the hostel on 16 Sept. 1446. (MS. Baker, XXXV. 384). He was D.D. and was a benefactor to the college. His exequiffi were celebrated in the college chapel, with those of William Alnewyk bishop of Lincoln, on 6 April. In a MS. in Caius college library n. 249. art. 9. p. 193, at the end of a history of the early times of Cambridge by John Herryson is a short list of members of the university, among whom as belonging to the author's times (1464) is mentioned M'' Petrus Bev^'ley alias Hertforth. 32 Annexed is a table of the framers of the statutes appointed by the several charters : 8 Dee. 1446. 21 Aug. 1447. 30 March, 1448. — William Booth, bishop of Coventry and Lichfield John Somerseth John Somerseth John Somerseth John Langton Richard Cawedray Peter Hirforde Richard Cawedray Peter Hirforde John Sperhauk Richard Cawedray Peter Hirforde Gilbert Worthington Hugli Damlett Hugh Damlett Thomas Boleyn Thomas Boleyn Thomas Boleyn William Millington John Somerseth, chancellor of the king's exchequer, 19 — 25 Hen. VI., was also one of the framers of the statutes of King's college. He was fellow of Pembroke hall (Leland, Collect, v. 403. Hawes and Loder's Framlingham, 212), and it was through his and Langton's influence with Henry VI. that the king was so great a benefactor to that college. Somerseth was also a bene- factor to other colleges, and was one of those to whom Henry VI. gave in trust all the possessions of the alien priories in England {Rot. Pat. 19 Hen. VI. [1441] p. 1, m. 30). He was physician to the king, 'who in 1428 granted him an annuity of £40 by way of reward out of the issues of the city of London during pleasure, also a furred robe and lining, as other royal physicians had been accustomed to have.' He was one of the witnesses to the will of Thomas duke of Exeter, 29 Dec. 1426 (Nicolas, Testamenta Vetusta. 210). He attested in his own hand that the ' Bedford Missal ' was presented by the duchess of Bedford to the king in 1430 (Gough, Account &c. 19). In 1443 he was keeper of the Exchange and King's Mint within the Tower of London, and of the coinage of gold and silver within the realm of England {Rot. Pi;p. 21 Hen. VI. Lond. and Midd.). In 1442 Thomas de Beckington the king's secretary, and afterwards bishop of Bath and Wells, was sent on an embassy to the count of Armagnac to negociate a marriage between Henry VI. 33 and one of the count's daughters. On his return from France in 1443, the bishop stayed at the house of Mr Somerseth at Maidenhead or Chiswick. In ] 446, King Henry VL by letters patent granted to master John Somerseth licence to found a hospital and fraternity or guild, in a certain chapel likewise founded by him at Brentford- end in the parish of Isleworth, to be dedicated to the honour of the Nine Orders of Holy Angels {Rot. Pat. 25 Hen. VI. p. 1, m. 9). In this deed we find that among the trustees to whom the king grants a certain piece of land for the purpose of this charity are master Peter Hynford (probably Peter Hyrford above mentioned), master William Lychfield, rector of All- hallows the great, London, who died 1447 (Newcourt, i, 248. Stow, Survey), and John Coloppe, who are all mentioned as benefactors to Queens' college in the list in Misc. A. (see p. 45). In his old age he seems to have met at Cambridge with some ungrateful return for all his labours, and on this subject wrote some satirical verses. (Fuller, Camhr. a. 1443. Hearne, Tho. de Elmham, 347 [Querimonia Jok Somerseth]. 351 [Ob- serv. of Mr Baker.]) John Somerseth died in 1464 (Esc. 4 Edw. IV. n. 20). His exequisB were celebrated at Queens' on 18 April. He gave or bequeathed a splendid piece of plate to the college, weighing 84 oz. : it was a covered cup in the shape of a tower, and bore the inscription ' Memoriale modicum Johannis Soraersete etc. (Inventory of 1472 [see p. 77]). He was a married man, and his wife Agnes occurs among the benefactors of the college: she is mentioned in Beckington's Journal. A Master John Somerset was ex<:epted from the effects of the act of resumption 28 Hen. VI.: in the following year the commons prayed that he, with others, might be banished for ever from the king's presence, and he is spoken of as ' late dis- cesid' in 33 Hen. VI. [Eot. Pari v. pp. 72, 198 b, 216 b, 339). (Nicholas, Journal of Thomas Beckington, 8vo. Lond. 1828, p. 95 and index. Aungier, Hist, of Syon Mon. 215, 220, 460, 544. Tanner, Bihl Brit. 682. Not. Mon. 324. Nicolas, Proceedings of 8 84 the Privy Council. Monro, Letters of Qu. Margaret of Anjou, publ. by the Camden Society 1863, p. 76*^). John Langton was elected fellow of Pembroke hall 1412, and master of that college in 1428. He was prebendary of Lichfield 1421 to Jan. 1427-8, prebendary of Hereford 1437 to 1441. In 1442 he was chancellor of the university, in 1446 vicar of Waresley, Huntingdonshire (Hawes and Loder's Fram- lingham, 212 — 214), and made bishop of St David's 1447, being consecrated 7 May. On his death, 20 May of the same year, he was succeeded in the mastership of Pembroke hall by Hugh Damlett. His arms, as given in Blomefield, Collect. Cantab, p. 166, were : Quarterly Or and Sa. over all a bend of the second. Richard Cawedray was rector of St Vedast, Forster Lane May 1421 to March 1421-2, rector of St Dunstan in the East 1422 to 1435, archdeacon of Bedford 1423 to 1431, prebendary of Holywell in the cathedral of St Paul, Jan. 1424-5, prebend- ary of Southwell 25 July, 1425 to 22 Oct. 1431, prebendary of Bedford minor in Lincoln cathedral 1427, prebendary of Ayles- bury 1431, archdeacon of Lincoln Oct. 1431, and prebendary of Corringham 1435, master or warden of King's hall 1431 to 1439, chancellor of the university 1433 to 1435 ; he was dean of the collegiate church of St Martin-le-grand 1434, and in Kempe's Historical Notices of the church of St Martin-le- grand, 8vo. London, 1825, pp. 114 — 151, we find an account of the efforts made by Dean Cawdray to defend the privileges of his church, particularly its right of sanctuary; he was also rector scholarium regis apud Cantebrigiam 20 to 22 H. VL, about 1441-43 (Doc. relating to the Univ. and Coll, of Cambridge, i. 65). Besides holding these different pieces of ecclesiastical prefer- ment he was much employed in state affairs; in 1418 to 1420 he is mentioned as being much engaged in the negotiations with France, in the earlier instruments he is called clerk of the coun- cil, in the later the king's secretary (Rymer, ix. 682, etc.) : in 1429 and 1433 also he is mentioned as clerk of the council {Rot. Pari. iv. 861, 487) : in the latter year with the annual fee of 40 marks. He died before 26 Aug. 1458, and was commemo- rated among the benefactors of the college. There is a Richard Candry mentioned in Fox (ed. Townsend, 35 iii. 717 — 8) who was proctor for Henry VI. against the Pope's legate, probably identical with the above. Of Peter Hirforde, who afterwards became fellow of Queens', some mention has already been made. Gilbert Worthington, D.D. was rector of St Andrew's Hol- born from 14.33 till his death about Aug. 1447, ' and that he was a most I'amous preacher and greatly noticed for his good life is testified by Mr Stow in his Chronicle. He was a gentleman well descended, being a younger brother to Hugh Worthington of Worthington Hall within the parish of Standish, in Lanca- shire' (Newxourt, Re2}. i. 274). Thomas Boleyn was master of Gonville hall from 1454 to 1472. He was besides rector of Chelsea 15 July 1442 (New- court), prebendary of Hereford 1441 to 1447, of St Paul's 1447 to 1451, subdean of Wells 1450, and precentor 1451 to 1472. On 7 May, 1434 he had the king's letters of protection for half a year, being about to accompany Edmund Beaufort, earl of Mortaigne, to the general council at Basil (Kymer, x. 578). John Sperhauk was fellow of Pembroke hall, having been elected during the mastership of John Sudbury, 1411 to 1428. He probably died before 30 March 1448. He was D.D., re- signed the church of Abington-by-Shingay, and gave books to Pembroke hall (Hawes and Loder's FramlingTiam, 213). Hugh Damlett was fellow of Pembroke hall and B.A. in 1426, proctor of the university in 1432, master of Pembroke hall 1447-50, and rector of St Peter's Cornhill from 18 Oct. 1447 until his death, 17 May 1476 (Hist, of Pembroke hall by Bp. Wren in Leland, Collect, v. 382 — 412. Hawes and Loder's FramlingTiam). He was appointed one of the royal commis- sioners to report to the Pope the dangerous heresies of bishop Reginald Pecock. His arms (as given in Blomefield, Collect. Can- tabr. 166) were Sa. ten lozenges arg. two cantons ermine. By his will dated 16 July 1475 and proved 20 April 1476, he be- queathed to Queens' college a copy of Josephus, still preserved in the library (C. 11. 20). ' Item lego collegio domine Eegine Can- tebryg. Josephum in Antiquitatibus et de bello Judaico in uno volumine.' (MS. Baker xxvi. 358). It is a fine folio printed by Mentelin, 1470? (Brunet, ii. 733 b). 3—2 86 William Booth was prebendary of Southwell 1416 to 1422, chancellor of the church of St Paul, London before 1423, pre- bendary of Consumpta-per-mare in the same church 1421 to 1443, archdeacon of Middlesex 1429 to 1441, and chancellor to queen Margaret. By the pope's bull of provision, dated 2G Apr. 1447, he was constituted bishop of Coventry and Lichfield; he was consecrated 9 July in the same year, and on 21 July 1452, was translated to York. In 1463 he was chancellor of the university. He died at Southwell in Sept. 1464, and was buried there. His brother, Laurence Booth, was archbishop of York, 1472 — 1480. (FuWer, Worthies of Cheshire. LelSTeve. Newcourt.) William Millyngton was born at Pocklington, in Yorkshire, and (being D.D.) was appointed first rector of St Nicholas col- lege, and afterwards, in 1443, provost of the King's college of St Mary and St Nicliolas. He was deprived of the provostship in 1446. He seems afterwards to have recovered the king's favour and lived at Cambridge in good reputation. He is described as a man of great learning and a staunch opponent of bishop Pe- cock. He died in 1466, and was buried in St Edward's church, Cambridge. (See Geo. Williams, B.D. fellow of King's college, Notices of William Millyngton..., among the communications made to the Cambridge Ant. Soc. i. 287—328.) When the crest of the college arms was granted by Kobert Cooke, Clarencieux king of arms in 1575, the arms of queen Margaret, with a green border, were in use. In his warrant the queen is stated to have granted to the college ' her arms to be used in the said college.' Of this, however, no evidence has been found, though we might reasonably expect it to be true, as the King by letters patent assigned a coat of arms to his college. The first seal of Queens' college bears indeed the queen's arms, but these were on the second seal replaced by those of queen Elizabeth Wydeville and of England. A seal of the time of Henry YIII. has only the latter; and the present one, engraved 1675, none at all. The arms as blazoned by the herald were : ' Quarterly : the first quarter barry of eight argent and gules' (for Hungary) ; 'the second asur semy flowerdelucis gold a labell of three points argent' 37 (for Naples); 'the tlnrd argent a crosse batune betwen fower crosses golde' (for Jerusalem); ' tlie forth asur semy flowerde- lucis golde a border gules ' (for Anjou) ; ' the fifte asur two lucis indorced semy crosse crosselets golde ' (for Bar) ; ' the sixt golde on a bend gules thre egles displaide argent' (for Lorraine). 'AH the which sixe cotes are inclosed within a border vert.' On the first seal of the college and on that of queen Mar- garet the third coat is thus given ' Arg. a cross potent between four small crosses potent or,' but on the coins of Louis I. count of Provence, 1382-84, and even of king Rene we find a cross potent between four small crosses plain or. Amid all these foundations and resignations the buildings of the college were actively progressing for the reception of the society. At what precise time they were begun, no documents remain to shew, it must however have been after 24 July, 1447, when the present site was made over to the society by John Morys. On 14 Apr. 26 Hen. VI. 1448, the president and fellows made a contract with John Veyse, draper, and Thomas Sturgeon, carpenter, of Elesnam (Elsenham), Essex, for the wood work of a part of the first court, for £100. This was probably the time when the buildings began to rise out of the ground, as on the following day the first stone of the chapel was laid. The part of the first court, to which the document refers, consisted apparently of the whole of the north and east sides and the eastern half of the south side, comprising the library, chapel, and great gate, with rooms for fellows and students. This portion seems to have been completed within a year, as in 6 March, 27 Hen. VI. 1448-9, the society made another contract with the same tradesmen, wherein the ' syde next to the freres' is mentioned as being 'now ready framed.' This second contract was for the roof of the hall, the benches in it, the roofs of the buttery, pantry, and kitchen, the other wood work for them, and for the remainder of the south side of the court; it amounted to £80, and was to be done by the contractors ' in as hasty wise as they may goodly after the walls of the seid houses be redy.' The first indenture of 14 Apr. 26 Hen. YI. 1448, is to the following effect: This indenture made the xiiij""" day of Aprile the yer of the reign of our sovreign lord the king Herry the sixt six and twenty betwen master Andrew Dokett p'^sident of the Quene college of seynt Margret and seynt Barnard and the felowes of y^ seid college of the one party, and John Yeyse of Elesnam in the shire of Essex draper and Thomas Sturgeon of the seides town and shire carpenter on the other party bereth witteness that — thogh the seides John Yeyse and Thomas Sturgeon be holden and strongely by their obligacion bownden to the forseid master Andre we Dokett in an hundred pound of good and lawful! money of Inglond to be paied to hym his heires or to his successores in the fest of the nativite of seynt John Baptiste next folowyng the forseid, — ^yet master Andrewe p'^sident and of the seid college felowes willen, and by thes p^'sentes indentures graunten that — yef the seides John Yeyse and Thomas Sturgeon or other of them or elles any other in their name make or do for to be made well and sufficiantely an howse w* in the seid college as in werk of carpentre [findjyng also all the tymber that shall nede to the rofe of the seid howse and also lathes and all maner of tymber that shall be ocupyed on the s and on the midel- walles and on the steires w* all the hordes the wich shall be of oke that to the seid flores and steires shall resonable nede of the propre costis and expenses of the seides John and Thomas undyr maner and forme as her foloweth, that is for to say : the seid house shall conteyne in lengthe xij^ foot of the standard, and in brede 39 XX foote of the standard ; and the somres of the said hows shall be one side xij inch squar and on y" other part xiiij inch, squar ; and all the gistes shall be on the one part squar vj inches and on the other part viij inches ; and all the hemes shall be squar on the one part x inches and on the other part viij inches ; and the wal- plates on the one part ix inch and on the other part vij inches ; and all the hemes that lyen by hemself shall be squar on the one part X inch and on the othyr xv inch ; and all the sparres shall con- teyne in brede at the nether and squar vij inch and at the owi-^ end vi inches and in thicknesse on the other part at the nether end vj inch and at the owr'' end v inches ; and all the southilaces and the asshelers shall accord in brede with the sparres and on the other part thes shall be iiij inches squar ; and all the wynbemes shall conteyne in brede squar vj inches and in the other part v inches ; and al the stoddes shall be in brede viij inch squar and on the other part V inch squar ; and the space betwen all the sparres all the stoddes and all the gystes shall be but x inch; and all these covenuntes beforrehersed be plenarly fulfilled and done by the seides John and Thomas or by any other for tlieym, — that then the forseid obligacion of an C li stand in none strenketh nor effect, and elles yef hit be not fulfilled that then hit stand in strenketh and vertu. Purveid alwey that the seides John and Tho- mas shall have of the forseides master Andrewe his successores and of his felowes of the seide college for the forseid tymber hordes lath and werkmanship that shall pertene to the seid hows an C li of law- full money of Inglond to be payed at dayes here expressed, that is for to say, at the fest of seynt George next after the date p'"sent liiij li xiijs iiijd and at the fest of the nativite of seynt John Baptiste XX li and at the fest of seynt Michaell the archangell then next folowyng xxv li vi s viij d in pleyn payment of the C li aforseid. In witness whereof bothe party es to thies presentes indentures have putt to her scales. This witnesseth Richard Andrewes, John Batisford, Benet Morys and mo othei*. Yeven at Cambrigge day and yer above seidys. The second indenture of 6 March, 27 Hen. VI. 1448-9, runs as follows : This indenture made the sixt day of March the yer of the reigne of our sovreign lord the kyng Herry the sixt xxvij*^^ between maister 40 Andrewe Dokett p''sidente of the Quenes colage of sente Margret and sente Barnard, of Cambrigge maistere Pers Hirford and maister Thomas Hey wood of the seide college felowes on the one party, .and John Yeyse of Elesnam in the shire of Essex draper and. Thomas Sturgeon of the seides tewn and shire carpenter on the other party bereth witteness that — though the seides John Yeyse Thomas Stur- geon be howlden and strangly by there obligacion bownden to the forseid master Andrew Dokett, mastre Pers Hirford and to maistere Thomas Hey wode in iiij^ li of good and lawful! money of Inglond to be payed, to the seydes master Andrew, master Pers, and master Thomas to their heires successores or to their c'^teyn attorney in the fest of the nativite of our Lord next folio wyng after y^ dat p''sent the for reherseid, — yet master Andrew master Pers master Thomas wollen and by thies present indentures granten that — yef the seid John Veyse and Thomas Sturgeon or otheir of them or elles any othere in their name make or do for to be made well and sufficiauntly the rofe of the hall w*in the seid collage being, fyndyng all tymbere that shall perteyn therto, the wich hall shall be and contayn in lenketh L fete of the stan- daid and in brede xxiij fete and the walplates of the seid hall shall be viij inches of brede and vij inches of thiknes w* jopees from bem to bem and v hemes and every bem shall be xv inch of brede and x inch thik, and every sparre shalbe in the fote viij inch of brede and vij inch thik and in the topp vij inch of bi-ede and v inch thik, and the principalis shalbe xj inch in brede and x inch thik w* a purlyn in the middes from one principall to a nother w* a crown tree ix inch of brede and viij inch thik, — and all the tymber and workman- shipp that shalbe nedful to y^ benches in y^' said hall, and also thei shall make the rofes of botry pantry and kechen w* the flores to them longyng w* all the raidil walles and greses to the seid houses per- teynyng fyndyng tymber to them nedfull, the wich howses extenden in lenketh from the hall into the hei way w* a return of the cham- bers ich of ham conteynyng in lenketh xxv foote and in brede xx ; and all the sowtlaces, asshalers, walplats and jopees that shall nede to the seides howses shall accord wyth the other syde the wich is now redy framed next to the freres, fyndyng all tymber and borde of oke to the seid flores w* all lathes tymber for gresynges and midel walles to the seides howses perteynyng ; and the space betwen all the stoddes all the sparres and all the gistes shall be but x inch, and all these cov^ntes beforehesed be planarly fulfilled and doon 41 by the seides John Veyse and Thomas Sturgeon or by any other for them, — that then the forseid obligacion of iiij'''' li stande in no strenketh nor affect, and elles yef hit be not performed that then hit stande in strenketh and vertu. Purveid alvey that the seides John and Thomas shall have of the forseides master Andrew, master Pers, master Thomas for the tymber bord lath and werkmanshipp that shall perteyn to the howses aforseid iiij'™ li of lawfuU money of Inglond to be payed at dales here expressed, that is to sey : at Estern next comyng xx li, at Estern twelmonth aff xx li, at sent Thomas day of Canterbury then next x li, at the exultacon of the Holy Cross then next x li, at the reysing of the rofes of the seid howses X li, and x li when thei have plenarly performed all these cov^'nentes beforseid ; and this to be done in as hasty wise as thei may goodly after the walles of the seid howses be redy. In wittness wherof both partyes to thies present indentures alt'natly have putte her seall. This wittenesseth E.y chard Andrew, John Batysford and moo other. Yeven at Cambrigge, day and yere aboven seid. The meaning of some of the uncommon terms of carpentry here used, is extracted from the Glossary of Architecture (3 Yols. 8vo. Oxford, 1850) : Ashlers, ashler pieces, short upright pieces, about three feet high, fixed between the rafters and the floors in garrets, in order to make more convenient room by cutting ofi" the acute angles at the bottom. Gistes, joists, the horizontal timbers in the floor. Greses, gresyngs, steps or stairs. Jopees, studs and braces in the roof. Wynbeam, windbeam, a cross beam used in the principals of many ancient roofs, occupying the situation of the collar in modern king-post roofs, or, also, the ridge piece of a roof. In consequence of the prevalence of the plague at Cam- bridge in Jan. 1446-7, the parliament, which had been con- vened thither, was removed to Bury St Edmunds. The same cause prevented Henry VI. from laying the first stone of King^s college chapel on Michaelmas day, 1447 (Cooper, Ann. i. 198-9-) ; 42 and a like reason may have deterred queen Margaret from laying the first stone of the chapel herself, ' pro forma primi operis fundationis illius,' and compelled her to do it by proxy. Though the queen was not present, we may, from the general custom of that age, the fact of the college claiming her patronage, and the number of persons of high rank and position who are recorded among its benefactors, conjecture that the foundation stone was not laid without much pomp and state. The queen's commissioner was sir John Wenlock, her chamberlain, who on 15 Apr. 1448, the very day on which her own charter of founda- tion was executed, laid the first stone at the south-east corner of the chapel. Her commission to him for this purpose, dated at Windsor, 8 Apr. 26 Hen. VI. 1448, is subjoined : — MAEGAEETA BEX GEATIA Eegina Anglie et Francie et Domina Hibernie, Filia Eegis Sicilie et Jerusalem omnibus ad quos presentes littere pervenerint Salutem. Sciatis quod cum metuendissimus dominus meus dominus Henricus nunc Eex Anglie et Erancie et dominus Hibernie sextus post con- questum tricesimo die Marcii ultimo preterito per litteras suas pa- tentes ex certa sciencia sua nobis concesserit et licenciam dederit, quod nos inter cetera ad laudem gloriam et honorem Dei et beate Marie ac gloriose virginis sancte Margarete necnon gloriosi con- fessoris sancti Bernard! et ad cetera divina pietatis opera quoddam Collegium perpetuum. juxta tenorem earundem litterarum in et de numero unius presidentis et quatuor sociorum seu plurium vel pauciorum prout casus evenerit secundum collegii illius facultates et expensas ampliandas vel minuendas in universitate Cantebr. mora- turorum in quodam fundo sive solo nuper Jobannis Morys de Trumpyngton situato in parochia sancti Botulpbi in Cantebrigia inter habitationem frati'um Carmelitarum ville Cantebrigie ex parte bo- riali et vicum regium vocatum Smalebrigge strete ex parte australi et ripam ibidem ex parte occidental! et venellam vocatam Millestrete ex parte oriental! fundare erigere facere et stabilire possimus prout in litteris predictis inter alia plenius continetur, et quia ob diversas causas iam nos valde impedientes in persona nostra ad dictam universitatem accedere et primariam petram ecclesie collegii illius pro forma primi operis fundationis illius in dicto fundo ponere et firmare prout pie moris est commode non valemus, 43 NOS de fidelitate circumspectione probitate et industria dilecti et fidelis nostri Johannis Wenloke militis camerarii nostri (sic) ex mero motu et certa sciencia nostris constituimus ordinavimus et assignavimiis ipsum Joliannem pro nobis ac vice et nomine nostiis per pi'esentes ad liuiusmodi petram in dicto fundo in forma predicta ponendam et firmandam, Ratum liabentes et gratum ac adeo firmiter habiture qn;cquid idem Johannes pi"o nobis ac vice et nomine nostris fecerit in premissis prout nos ea faceremus si eis personaliter inter esse potuissemus In cuius rei testimonium sigillum nostrum fecimus hiis apponi. Datum apud Wyndesore octavo die Aprilis anno regni metuendissimi domini mei regis Henrici sexti ^deesimo sexto. The seal is lost. Sir John Wenloke, Kt, who acted as the queen's commis- ' sioner for the purpose of laying the first stone of the college chapel (primaria petra ecclesie collegii illius), is described as the queen's chamberlain. He was the son of William Wjnell alias I Wenloke, of Wenlock co. Salop, and was constituted eschaetor ' for the counties of Buckingham and Bedford in 17 Hen. VI. In 25 Hen. YI. he was usher of the chamber to queen Margaret and the following year he was knighted and made constable of Bamburgh Castle Northumberland. In 28 Hen. VI. he became chamberlain to the queen; he was wounded at the battle of St Albans 1455 and in 36 Hen. VI. was sent to Antwerp in Brabant and other places within the dominions of the duke of Burgundy for dispatch of the most important affairs in those parts. Soon after which he was made knight of the order of the garter. In 38 Hen VI. he joined the Yorkist party, and when Edward IV. had obtained possession of the throne, he was created a baron and made one of the privy council. King Edward employed him mucli in embassies to the courts of France, Burgundy and Britany, but when the earl of Warwick restored Henry VI. in 1470, lord Wenlock took part with him, and was killed in the battle of Tewkesbury 4 May, 1471. He married twice, first Elizabeth daughter of sir John Drayton, wha was buried in Luton church Bedfordshire, where he had built a handsome chantry, and secondly, in 1468, Ann daughter of 44 I — Danverse whose brother William is recorded as a benefactor in the list in Misc. A., and widow of sir John Fray ; she mar- ried thirdly sir John Say, and died June 1478. (Information from G. E. Corner, esq., Dugdale, Bar. ii. 264. Nicolas, Test. Vet. 297', 347. Lysons' Bedf. 111. Fuller, Worthies of Bedf. Betham, Bar. of Engl. i. 450. Banks, Ext. Bar. of Engl. iii. 738. J. Herryson, Ahlreviata Chronaca, published by the Camb. Ant. Soc. 4«. p. 13.) J In a brief account of the foundation of the college, which was written about the year 1470, we find some lines composed on the occasion of laying the foundation stone : according to the same authority this stone bore the inscription, ' Erit domine nostre Eegine Margarete dominium in refugium et lapis iste in signum.' In all accounts of the college, from Dr Caius (1574) down- wards, this inscription has been printed : ' Erit dominse nostrse Reginse Margaretse Dominus in refugium et iste lapis in signum,' and Fuller translates it thus : ' The Lord shall be a refuge to the Lady Margaret and this stone for a sign,' and adds the fol- lowing reflections on it : ' Indeed, poor queen, soon after she needed a sanctuary to shelter herself when beaten in battle, and the aforesaid (since Lord) Wenlock slain at Tewksbury : when no doubt her soul retreated to divine protection, the only succour left unto her.' The earliest record of the inscription that has been traced is contained in the MS. already quoted, and the meaning is more probably : ' The power of our Lady queen Margaret shall be our refuge and this stone (laid in her name) the sign of her protection," The chapel was licensed for divine worship by William Gray, bishop of Ely (1454 — 1478), on 12 Dec. 1454. His license is as follows : Willelmus permissione divina Eliensis episcopus, dilectis nobis in Cliristo universis et singulis presbyteris studentibus in collegio Eegine in honore sanctorum Margarete et Bernard! in universi- 45 tate Cantebrjgie noviter fundato nee non in hospitio sancti Bernard! ibidem, dicto collegio pertinenti, salutem gratiam et benedictionem. Vestri pro parte precibiis nobis humiliter oblatis necnon con- templationi serenissime principisse Margarete domine nosti-e regine illustris, dicti coHegii devote fundatricis, favorabiliter inclinati, nt in capellis et oratoriis congruis et bonestis, divine cultui dispositis infra prefata collegium et hospitium situatis, divina officia possitis dicere celebrare, (proviso quod ecclesiis parocbialibus capellarum et oratoriorum bujusmodi nullum exinde prejudiciumgenerecur aliud- que canonicum non obsistat in bac parte), vobis et cuilibet vestrum liberam tenore presentium concedimus facultatem et licentiam im- pertimur specialem, ad nostrum beneplacitum tantummodo dura- turam. Datum in bospitali sancti Jacobi prope "Westmonasterium 12 Dec. 1454 et consecrationis nostre primo. (Bp Gray's Register, fo. 3 b ; also MS. Baker xxx. 25, and MS. Addit. [Cole], 5826, p. 46. The original deed is not in the college treasury.) Similar licences of the 14th century are mentioned in Cooper's Annals, i. 136 note '", from Baker's MSS., for Trinity hall, Clare hall, Peterhouse, Gonville hall and Michaelhouse. An old account of the foundation of the college has been quoted, p. 44. It occurs in a paper volume in folio of very miscellaneous contents (referred to as Misc. A) among the college muniments ; it is the first article in tlie book, and is followed by a second account very similar to. the former. The first (a) would seem to belong to the days of queen Elizabeth Wydeville from Margaret being styled ' olim regina Anglic' and ' fundatrix nostra prima ;' the second (/3) seems to have been written after the death of Andrew Doket in 1484. They are nearly identical as far as they go together, the later document adding notices of queen Elizabeth Wydeville and of Andrew Doket's exertions in promoting the welfare of the college. The first is here appended with the variations of the second. In them we find an account of the motive that prompted queen Margaret to this work, viz. the decay of learning both in the university and among the clergy. They apparently consist of extracts from 46 _ ■ " original documents now no longer extant in the college treasury. The name of the queen in (a) is four times re-written on erasures ; these cases are marked by the name being put between inverted commas. In nomine' Individue Trinitatis Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti, Amen. Yergente mundo in senium, virtutes suarum incolarum marcescunt, tepescit ad Deum solita populi devotio, et divini cultus suavitas dilabitur retroacta; vilescit immaculatissime almeque matris nostre Cantabrigie sacratissima doctrina, qua dudum universalis ecclesia floruit Anglicana, fidesque^ Salvatoris nostri Jesu Christi toto orbe mirabiliter crevit. Suppremi siquidem numinis tabernacula vernantibus dudum fecundata ministris, succedenti brevi temporis curriculo famulatu pristino pariter et reverentia vacuantur. Has et alias miserias modernis^ temporibus plus solito invalescentes et pre oculis* mentis deducentes^, Nos" Margareta olim' Anglie regina consorsque cbristianissimi Regis Henrici sexti studiose consider- antes'' quod nudi egressi sumus de utero matris et quod nudi in pulverem terre redigemur nihil messuri premii, nisi quod in hac vita miserabili seminaverimus, cultum divinum sacratissimeque pagine doctrinam in universitate Caatebrigie, ceterisque^ Anglie proviuciis divina favente nobis gratia duplici medio duximus pro facultatum nostrarum modulo ampKandum, jl Ad honorem igitur omnipotentis Dei et gloriose Yirginis Marie nee non beate Margarete et beati Bernardi, disposuimus'", ordina- mus, et auctoritate apostolica et regia fundamus'^ collegium in villa Cantebrigie '^, ad usum et inhabitationem scolarium in sacra pagina studentium, ob virtutum incrementum ad laudem Dei ast ecclesie universalis stabilimentum. Hujus vero prima lapidis positio incepta est quinto decimo die mensis Aprilis per venerabilem virum dominum Johannem Wennloke, militem regine Margarete gratiose fundatricis nostre, anno regni regis Henrici sexti xxvj*°, Domini vei'o m'. cccc'"°xl""° viij™, cujus ^ +sancteet /3. ^ -fidesque... vacuantur j3. ^ -modernis... invalescentes et /3. ^ ante oculos j8. 5 deducens j3. "^ - Nos ^. '' -olim /3. s _ considerantes... seminaverimus, +curavit/3, 3 -ceterisque...ampliandum, + ampliavit /3. 1" disposuit, ordinavit /3. ii fundavit /3. 12 + quod reginale collegium vocari voluit j3. 47 superscriptio liec est: 'Erit Domine nostre regine "Margarete" Dominium^ in refugium et lajois ifate in signuni.' Die et anno quibus supra. The first account (a) then continues, Patent et predicta liquidius per hos versus: Then follow the verses mentioned above with this title in the margin ' Versus prime fundationis.' They are here arranged as verse, though in the MS. they are written as prose. C. quater qnadraginta legens octo numerando Ex annis Domini, lector, memor esto notando. Ap""'. deno quino fiiit hie lapis iste locatus Ad fructum fidei clerique Dei fabricatus. Margareta, Dei martyr, virgo pia, gaude; Chi'isti confessor, Barnarde, polo pio plaude; Nam "Margareta" regina, favens ad honores Vestros, hunc lapidem fixit, recolens seniores. Penbrochie [et] Clare fecere due comitisse In Cantebrigia collegas. Hec meminisse Non pigeatj jamqvie regina duas speculando Ipsas prefatas, fundando sed et fabricando Accelerat terna. Sint tres ille benedicte. Per quas non ficte discede, Diabole victe; Et clerus crescat, theologica fama virescat, Biblia lucescat, sententia sacra patescat; Ecce precor proceres has cernatis mulieres : Die vir ubi quereres ubi tales tres mulieres: Hinc " Margareta" regina sit usquequo leta In superando freta : sit carminis^ alma braveta^ .•.Amen.*. The two accounts then proceed : Jamque^ redeamus unde digress! sumus, dicamusque primum lapidem positum fore in fine oriental! capelle versus atistrum, et^ huic oper! porrecte erant manus adjutrices devotissim! domin! Marmaduc! Lumley Lincoln, episcopi ad summam ducentarum 1 Dominiu a. domi™. /3. ^ ciminis. ^ brabeuta (v. Ducange). * - Iamque...fore. + Positus est igitur primus lapis ut supra jam diximus /3. ■' CUl p. 48 I et viginti librarum cum pulclierrima Biblia in tribus voluminibus, ceterorumque ' quam plurimorum (sc, benefactornm), quorum nomina patebunt alibi locis suis. ma Hujus vero collegii situs est inter viam regiam vocatam le smalbrygestrete ex parte australi et do mum prioris et conventus fratrum Carmelitarum^ ex parte boriali, cuius caput orientale abut- tat super communem viam vocatam^ le Mylnstrete et caput oc- cidentale super communem sueram ville Cantebrigie. Habendum et tenendum predictum collegium cum omnibus^ suis pertinenciis* libere quiete et pacifice de nobis® "Margareta" regina Anglie tan- quam vera et gratiosissima® fundatrice vestra' sine aliquo redditu servicio aut feodo® nobis aut successoribus nostris specialiter faciendo imperpetuum. SimuP cum licentia cbristianissimi regis Henrici sexti ad perquirendum, mortificandum et incorporandum sine fine et feodo omnimodo terras et tenementa, redditus et servicia, wardas'", relevias et escaetas non tenta de domino rege immediate per ser- vicium le graunt sergeaunt, sed tantum per servicium le pette sergeaunt usque ad valorem ducentarum librarum annualis" redditus. Having now given an account of the origin and progress of the college up to its settlement as a corporate body under its present title, the further events in its history will be con- veniently distributed under the several masterships, in which they happened. Accordingly we will now proceed with the notices of the different presidents, who during the last four centuries have borne rule over the Queens' college of St Margaret and St Bernard. ^ For ceterorum... locis suis, |3 reads ceterisque libris quam plurimis, etc. 2 -vocatam /3. ^ — omnibus /3. ■* presidenti et sociis ejusdem et eorum -successoribus. ^ - nobis. + predicta j3. ® - et gratiosissima /3. '' - vestra j3. ^ + inde j3. 8 +etiam;S. i" -wardas... usque. + etc. j3. ^1 - annualis valoris. + per annum, ut pleniua apparet in magna carta ejusdem Margarete fimdatricis nostre prime, etc. j8. 1 THE PRESIDENTS OF QUEENS' COLLEGE. h 9[ulrith) Bofeft, 1448—1484. 26 Hen. VI.— 2 Ric. III. N the foundation charters the pre- sident is simply tenned magister Andreas Doket. Of his earlier history we know very little. He was principal of St Ber- nard's hostel, one of the many non-collegiate lodgings for stu- dents in Cambridge. It stood in Trumpington Street, on the north side of the churchyard of St Botolph's church, adjoining to the back court of the old Benet Mr Doket was also incumbent of that chuich. In he was presented to the vicarage of St Botolph'p, by the society of Corpus Christi college, and became rector 21 Oct. .1444, when the great tithes were restored to it by that college, in whom the patronage of the living was then vested. {Hist. and Ant. of Barnwell Ahhey, 65. Lamb, Hist: of C. C. 0. 305.) I , In 1432 Geoffrey Couper occurs as vicar of St Botolph's, I and in a deed of 1439 Andrew Doket. The date when the * vicarage of St Botolph's was made again a rectory is taken as above from Dr Lamb, but among the deeds of St Botolph's is one 4 college. 50 Jl referring to tlie sale of some land to Andrew Doket, rector, dated 28 March, 22 Hen. VI., i.e. 1444, six months previous. In the year he was made one of the prebendaries of the free chapel of St Stephen within the palace of West- minster. This preferment he exchanged in 1479 with Dr Walter Oudeby, provost of the college of Cotherstoke or Cotterstock in the county of Northampton near Oundle (MS. Harl. 6963. p. 175). The exchange is thus enrolled in the Patent Eolls of Edward IV. (pat. 19 Edw. IV. m. 19) in the Public Eecord office. De prebenda data Oudeby R. omnibus ad quos etc salutem. Sciatis quod cum magister Andreas Dokket prebendarius in libera capella nostra sancti Stephani infra palatium nostrum Westmonast. et Magister Walterus Oudeby decretorum doctor prepositus de Cotherstoke prebendam et prepo- situram illas intendant (ut asserunt) ad invicem canonice permutare, Nos te gratia nostra speciali ac pro eo quod predictus Andreas litteras nostras patentes sibi de prebenda predicta factas nobis in cancellariam nostram ex causa permutationis huiusmodi faciende resti- tuit cancellandas, dedimus et concessimus prefato Waltero dictam prebendam quam predictus Andreas habuit et obtinuit in capella nostra predicta, habendam et tenendam cum suis juribus et perti- nentiis quibuscunque. In cuius etc. T. E, Apud Obourn. (Woburn) XXX die Septembr. Per ipsum et de data etc. About the year 1336 John Giffoid;, clerk^, em&ik of Yodj, began a college or very large chantry, consisting of a provost, twelve chaplains and two clerks in the church of St Andrew Cotherstock. Walter Oudeby was made provost 28 May, 1467. (Reg. Jo. Chedworth, Ep. Line.) The next provost mentioned is John Deye, M.A. who became provost 1 Oct. 1498. (Eeg. W. Smith, Ep. Line.) This chantry was granted 1 Edw. VI. to Sir Eobert Kirkham (Dugdale, Mon. vi. 1374. Tanner, Nod Mon. 387. Bridges, NorthamptonsMre, [2 vols. fol. 1791] ii. 437-41, where is an imperfect list of provosts.) St Stephen's chapel within the palace of Westminster was founded 1347 by Edward III. for a dean, twelve canons and 51 other officers; it was suppressed in the reign of Edward VI. In Newcourt, Repert. i. 745-50, is an account of it, but he only- gives a list of deans and canons during the reign of Edward III. In the college treasury is preserved the following deed, which connects Andrew Doket and Walter Oudeby, in reference to some lands at Cotterstock : — Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Johannes Morys senictt" de Cantebrigia armiger filius et hares Nicholai Morys dedi concessi et liac present! carta mea confirmavi Andree Dokett presidenti collegii sanctorum Margarete et Barnardi Cantebrigie, Radulpho Scropp Eadulpho Shawe Waltero Oudeby Johanni Rypplyngham Wnielmo Bond et Radulpho Songer clericis omnia terras tenementa prata pascua pastviras redditus et servicia cum omnibus et singulis suis pertinentiis jacentia in villis et campis de Goderstoke Assheton et Sothewyk in com. Northampton que nuper habui una cum Nicholao Morys patre meo ex dono et concessione Johannis Grym tilii Johannis Grym de Crowlond et Caterine uxoris sue sororis Andree Browne de Clapthorne prout in quadam carta inde nobis confecta, cuius data est penultimo die Novembris anno regni regis Henrici quinti quarto, Habenda et tenenda omnia predicta terras tenementa redditus et servicia prata pascua et pasturas cum omni- bus et singulis suis pertinentiis prefatis Andree Dokett Radulpho Scropp Radulpho Shawe V/altero Oudeby Johanni Ryplyngham Willelmo Bond et Radulpho Songer clericis heredibus et assignatis suis de capitalibus dominis feodorum illorum per servitia inde debita et de jure consueta imperpetuum. In cuius rei testimonium huic presenti carte mee sigillum meum apposui, hiis testibus Johanne Lyn Johanne Haryott Willelmo Haryott Willelmo Peeke Ricardo Peeke Thoma Machon Johanne Tawer Rogero Peeke et multis abis. Data vicesimo sexto die Junii anno regni regis Edwardi quarti decimo nono. Et insuper noveritis me prefatum Johannem Morys attornasse et in loco meo posuisse dilectum michi in Christo Nicholaum Crofte de Goderstoke et Rogerum Dethek meos veros et legitimos attornatos ad deliberandum pro me et nomine meo con- junctim et divisim plenam et pacificam seisinam de et in omnibus illis terris tenementis redditibus et serviciis pratis pascuis et pasturis cum omnibus et singulis suis pertinentiis jacentibus in villis et campis de Goderstoke Asshedon et Sothewyk in com. Northampton. 4 2 52 i prefatis Andree Dokett Radulpho Scropp Radulpho Shawe Waltero Oudeby Johanni E-yplyngham Willelmo Bond et Radulpho Songer heredibus et assignatis eorum secundum vim formam et effectum predicte carte mee inde eisdem confecte, Ratum et gratum habentes (hent') et babituri (bitur') quicquid iidem Nicbolaus et Rogerus attornati mei fecerint seu unus eorum fecerit in premissis ac si ego personaliter interessem. In cuius rei testimonium presentibus sigillum meum apposui. Data die et anno supradictis. This deed bears a small seal with an indistinct device. Andrew Doket became prebendary of Euiton in the church of Lichfield, being collated to the prebend 22 July 1467. In 1470 he exchanged this for the chancellorship of the same church, which office he resigned 6 July 1476. (Brown Willis, Lichfield, 459, 407. Hardy's Le Neve, i. 584, 622.) In 1470 he resigned the rectory of St Botolph's, and (as just mentioned) in 1476 became provost of Cotterstock. There are a few memorials of the private life of Andrew Doket still extant. Among the Manuscripts in the Library of Jesus College is a volume labelled 'Miscellanea Theologica MSS.' The in- scription lib' magri Andree Doket rectoris sci Botulfi Cantabr.' shews, that it once belonged to the first president of Queens' college, though it does not appear among those in the college library in 1472 ; indeed neither it nor any other book is men- tioned in his will. It bears beside the inscription Liber Thomse Cave. Qiiicquid erit, superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est. * (Yirg. Aen. v. 710.) It contains the following tracts : Libellus valde utiliu p'^ceptorum atq; consiliorum de libris officio- rum beatissimi [pape] Ambrosii Mediolanensis collectorum. ^ Liber S. Jeronimi presbyteri contra Jovinianum. Liber B. Ambrosii de iis qui misteriis initiantur. Sermones Ambrosii de Sacramentis. 53 Among the deeds in the college treasury is a document of some interest, as connecting Andrew Doket with a clergyman, whose mon amenta! brass still remains in Balsham church Cambridgeshire. It is an acknowledgement by his executor that Andrew Doket had returned certain books borrowed by him of the defunct. It is as follows : — Noverint universi me Galfridum Blodvell de Balsham in Com. Cantabr. gentylman executorem tesbamenti magistri Johannis Blodvell nuper rectoris de Balsham predicto defuncti recepisse et habiiisse die confectionis presencium de magistro Andrea Dokett de Cantabr. clerico novem libroa nuper dicti magistri Johannis Blodvell videlicet Unum libi'um vocatum Johannem in novella super decretalia in duobus volumiaibus cuius primi voluminis secundum folium incipit *.a romanis pontificibus,' secundi voluminis secundum folium .... 'ignore' Item alium librum in papiro Johannis Andree super sextum secundo folio ' ad rationes' Item alium librum secundo folio * glorlose' Item alium librum secundo folio ' abbas qualiter' Item alium librum secundo folio ' qualiter per horn . . . ' Item alium librum secundo folio ' sanz confession' Item Brito secundo folio 'sicut purificasti' Item alium librum secundo folio ' tamen nos.' de quibus vero novem libris superius expressatis fateor me bene contentum dictumque magistrum Andream inde acquietum et quie- tum per pvesentes sigillo meo consignatas. Datum sexto die mensis Aprilis anno Domini mcccclx™" tercio et anno regni regis Edwardi quarti post conquestum Anglie tercio. The first work was the NovellcB or commentaries on the five books of the decretals, by John Andrese a celebrated professor of canon law at Bologna who died 1348. The second is his GlosscB Mercuriales in vi*"™ librum et in Clementinas. John Blodwell was born at Llan-y-blodwell near Oswestry in Shropshire about 1.380, and having studied the law at Bologna and practised at Home, became dean of St Asaph's in 1418, was collated to a prebend in Lichfield cathedral 25 May 1432, to one in that of Hereford 1433, and to a canonry 54 in 3t Dayid's Cathedral. He was also administrator of the temporalities of the see of Elj for Louis of Luxemburg, arch- hishop of Rouen, who held it in commendam. (Newcourt, ii, 292.) Dr Blodwell was rector of Balsham in 1439. Having grown blind in his old age, he resigned his preferments, having a pension for life reserved, and dwelt at Balsham till his death 16 April, 1462. He is buried in the nave of the church, and on his tomb is a very handsome monumental brass, representing him standing under an arch. (Illustrations of monumental brasses published by the Cam- bridge Camden Society, 4to 1846, p, 72. Blomfield, Collect. Can- tab. 203-4.) This document is in a very bad state of preservation, and the writing is in part almost illegible. There is yet a document of still later date extant, viz. Andrew Doket's deed of fraternization with the Franciscans of Cambridge in 1479. In Christo Jesu s' fruituro [ac venerabili vu"o m*" Andree Doget] Fr. Johannes, sacre Theologie Doctor, fratrum minorum conventus Cantebrig. guardianus et servus, salutem in Domino sempiternam et per presentis vite merita regna celestia promereri, Qum sanctissimus in Christo pater et dominus dominus Sixtug divina. providentia papa quartus non solum fratribus et sororibus nostri ordinis sed et con- tratribus et consororibus ejusdem litteras snfFragiales habentibus de benignitate apostolica gratiose qoncessit, quod quilibet illorum pos- sit sibi eligere idoneum confessorem qui ipsos et ipsorum quemUbet ab omnibus et singuHs criminibus excessibua et peccatis in singu- lis sedi apostolica reservatis casibus seme! duutaxat li° anno a pub- licatione litterarum papalium computando viz. a 4° die mensis Aprilis, et semel in mortis articulo, ab aliis toties quoties opus fuerit absolvere et penitentiam salutarem injungere possit, idem vel alius confessor plenariam omnium peccatorum eorundem remis" sionem in vero mortis artieulo valeret elargiri, per litteras suas apostolicas benigne indulsit : idcirco vestre devotionis quam ob vestri reverentiam ad nostrum habetis ordinem sincerum considerans affec- tum et acceptans vos in confratrem ad universa et singula fratrum administrationis Anglicans suffragia, recipio tenors presentium in vita pariter et morte ut dictis apostolicis privilegiis omniumque bonorura I u spiritualium "beneficiis secundum formam et officium eorundem per- fruamini anime vestre ad salutem adjiciens concedimus de gratia special!, ufc, cum post obitum vestrum presentium facta fuerit exhi- bitio litterarum in nostro provinciali capitulo, eadem pro vobis fiat recommendatio que pro fratribus nostris defunctis ibidem commu- , niter fieri consuevit. Yaleto in Christo Iliesu et orate pro me. Dat. Cantebrigie anno Domini mo. cccc" lxx° ix° [Dominus Jesus Christus absolvet te, et ego auctoritate Dei et apostolorum Petri et Pauli qua fungor in bac parte absolvo te ab i omnibus peccatis criminibus et excessibus et casibus qnibuscumque sedi apostolice reservatis, ita quod sis absolutus ante tribunal Christi, habeas remissionem omnium peccatorum et vitam eternam. Amen.] j The words in brackets are written in a different (fainter) ink from the rest of the deed. The document is of parchment measuring IS^in. by 5 in.: it has no seal: the initial I is rough- ly illuminated red and green: it is very much damaged and rubbed. The house of the Franciscans, Minorites, or Grey-Friars was after the reformation converted into Sidney Sussex college. (A. Pulson, Collectanea Anglo-Minoritica, or a collection of the antiquities of the English Franciscans, 4to, London 1726, where however is no mention of Dr John the Cambridge warden). j ! ' Most of Y authors, who mention him of late' (says Mr Cole) ' suppose him to be a Minorite or Franciscan Fryar, and y* Author of y'' History of y" Antiquities of y^ English Franciscans, to reconcile his being a Secular, as being Eector of a Parish, and holding other Preferments, against the rules of that order, suppose bim to have been made a Sufiragan Bishop, p. 205, and that he held his benefices to maintain his Dignity. But I think it would be much more reasonable to suppose, that he never was of that Order, seeing we have no authority to support that opinion.' (MS. Cole vii. Addit. 5808.) Dr Caius (1574) makes no allusion to this : K. Parker (1622) is mentioned by Pulson as the authority for this opinion. The document just recited may be the cause of it. We find (Cooper, Ann. i. 192) that master Andrew Dokett, clerk, was one of those who had ceded land to the King for the purpose of his new college, which the king granted to the provost and scholars 10 Feb. 1448-9. 56 "A messuage situate in the late parisli of St John tlie Baptist in Milnestrete whicli messuage the king had by the gift and grant of Hugh Tapton and Andrew Dokett clerks." Also among the extracts from the high gable rental of the town of Cambridge for 1483 (Cooper, Ann. i. 228) we find in Mill Ward, " Master Andrew Doket for a tenement, late in the tenure of William Hed, tailor, 2^." i On 4 Nov. 1484 Andrew Doket departed this life, after having prudently and successful Ij governed his two colleges, St Bernard's college and Queens' college, during 38 years. His will, dated 2 Nov. 1484 and proved 25 April 1485, is as follows : — In Dei Nomine Amen. Secundo die mensis Novembris, anno Domini m\ cccc""' Ixxxiiij" Ego Andreas Doket, primus presidens Gollegii Reginalis Cantebrigie, compos mentis et sane memorie, condo testamentum meum in hunc modum. :S Imprimis commendo animam meam Deo omnipotenti, beate Marie -virgini, et omnibus Sanctis, corpusque meum sepeliendum in choro capelle coUegii predicte, ubi lecte sunt lectiones. Yolo et quantum in me est precipio omnibus sociis dicti col- legii, ut meum post decessum eligant in presidentem dicto collegii meum successoreai magistrum Thomam Wilkynson. Item volo annuatim et pro perpetuo de hospitio meo sancti Bernardi Cantebrigie quod pei-cipiantur xl solidi ad tustentationem panis vini cere et olei pro lampade in capella predicti collegii pro sociis dicti collegii ibidem celebrantibus. Insuper volo quod si xxvj^ et viij''. non passunt percipi annuatim de terris pasturis apud Stapylforde in comitatu Cantebr. predicto coUegio pertinentibus pro complimento voluntatis domini Willelmi Lasshby capellani emptis, quod tunc de dicto hospitio tantum exeat quantum ad contenta- tionem dicte summe sufficiat. Residuum annuatim de dicto hospitio proveniens volo quod remaneat executoribus meis, et quod ipsi dum vixerint, vel dum alter eorum vixerit, habeant sen habeat regimen seu discretionem dicti hospitii, et pecunias inde provenientes recipie;it, et post decessum executorum meorum volo pro perpetuo 57 quod predictum hospitium remaneat dicto collegio, sic semper et in omnibus observent predictam meam legationem de dicto hospitio, cum hoc quod et observent exequias meas in die anniversarii mei conjunctim cum exequiis omnium benefactorum dicti collegii in capella predicti collegii. Et presidens dicti collegii seu ejus vices- gei-ens ad predictas exequias presens habebit iij^ iiij'^, et unusquisque socius dicti . collegii tunc ibi presens xij** : et volo quod in dictis exeqiiiis disti-ibuantur inter pauperes et specialiter inter pauperes parochie sancti Botulpbi Cantebiigie pro anima mea et animabus omnium benefactorum dicti collegii usque ad summam xx^ Item volo de tenemento in angulo juxta ecclesiam Sancti Botul- phi Cantebrigie, quod vendatur secundum discretionem executorum meomm, si eis visum fuerit, et de pecuniis per venditionem proveni- entibus volo quod emantur terre pasture et tenementa, ita quod de pecuniis inde provenientibus volo quod sint ad discretionem execu- torum pro salute anime mee, Reginaldi Ely et omnium benefacto- rum dictorum, et quod executores mei dum vixerint vel alter eorum dum vixerit liabeant seu liabeat regimen dicti tenementi seu alia- rum terrarum per dictos executores meos emptarum, et post deces- sum executorum meorum volo quod predictum tenementum vel alia terre tenementa per eos empta remaneant vel remaneat dicto collegio, sic quod observent exequias pro anima mea et anima Reginaldi Ely et animabus omnium benefactorum dicti collegii in ecclesia sancti Botulplii Cantebr. in die anniversarii Reginaldi Ely. Item volo de tribus meis tenementis, in quibus modo habitant tres paupercule mulieres, sint pro perpetuo pro pauperibus ad oran- dum pro me et animabus omnium benefactorum dicti collegii; et executores mei dum vixei'int regimen habeant imponendi pauperes in dicta tenementa, et post decessum executorum meorum impositio paupei'vim in dicta tenementa presidenti et sociis dicti collegii pro perpetuo remaneat. Item volo quod omnia proficua proveniencia et debita ad festam sancti Micbaelis ante datam presentium omnium terrarum tene- mentorum pasturarum boscorum seu quovis alio modo pertinentium dicto collegio remaneant executoribus meis, et quod predicti execu- tores mei percipere possint absque interruptione cuiuscunque omnia predicta arreragia de annis preteritis usque ad festum sancti Micbaelis ante datam presentium, sic quod predicti executores mei solvant sociis predicti collegii pro salariis suis ad predictum festum eis debitum. 58 ..i Item volo de gardino meo ante portas dieti coUegii juxta tene- raentum m". Dufiyld remaneat pro semper dicto collegio, sic quod nullo modo predict! presidens vel socii dicti collegii perturbant vel inquietant, vel aliqiiis eorum perturbaverit seu inquietaverit execu- tores meos meam perimplendo voluntatem. Quod si (quod absit) predict! socii fecerint vel aliquis eorum fecerit, tunc legatum meum de dicto meo gardino pro non legato habeatur, Et tunc regimen et dispositio predict! gardini me! remaneat discretion! executorum meorum prout eis melius videbitiir pro salute anime mee et omnium benefactorum dicti collegii. Residuum vero omnium bonorum meorum non legatorum do et lego m™ Johanni Rypplyngham et Willelmo Tliurkylle, quos ordino et constituo meos veros et legitimos executores, ut ips! disponant pro salute anime mee et omnium benefactorum dicti collegii. In cujus re! testimonium sigillum meum apposui, hiis testibus m^° Radulpho Songer, Milone Redall, Geraldo Burelle, Johanne Buttler et Willelmo Fitzjohn et aliis, die et anno quibus supra. The executors named in tlie will declined the office and the vice-chancellor granted letters of administration to the president and fellows of the college, 23 Apr. 1485. Thomas Tuppyn, sacre theologie professor universitatisque Cantabrigie vice-cancellarius dilectis nobis in Christo Thome Wil- kynson clerico et president! collegii Reginalis ibidem, Radulpbo Songer clerico, Dionysio Spycer clerico, Hugoni Trotter clerico omnibusque et singulis dicti collegii sociis salutem in Domino sempiternam. Quia magister Andreas Dokett primus p:yesidens dicti collegii Reginalis diem clausit supremum, et executores suo testamento nomi- nati ex certis causis eos in hac parte moventibus administrationera ejusdem recusarunt, cujus pretextu omnium bonorum suorum ad- ministratio administrationisque commissio tam de consuetudine quam de jure notorie ad nos dignoscitur pertinere, Nos volentes hujus bona in pios usus convert!, vobis de quorum fidelitate confidimus ad colligendum et voluntatem defunct! perimplendum committimus vices nostras, quos ab ulterior! compoto calculo sive ratiocinio nobis et officio nostro in hac parte reddendo, salvo jure cujuscunque etiam dimittimus et absolvimus per presentes. Datum Cantebrigie sub sigillo officii cancellariatus xxiij" die mensis Aprilis anno Domini millesimo cccc""" Ixxxv". Thus did Andrew Doket pass away from the scene of his labours. He had lived long enough to see his small beginning of four fellows grow into the more stately number of seventeen, and his college richly endowed and flourishing under the protec- tion of the sovereign, who had already several times shewn a strong predilection for it. In spite of the great names which figure in connexion with the foundation of the college, the words of Dr Caius still must be held true of Mr Doket : ' cujus opera in tedificando collegio et procuranda pecunia tanta fuit, ut sunt qui putent id collegium ejus solius luculentissimum opus extitisse.' {Hist. Acad. Cant. 70.) This also was the opinion of the writer of the list of benefactors in Misc. A. fo. 3-7, where he is styled ' primus pre- sidens ac dignissimus fundator hujus collegii.^ What Andrew Doket's age was we can but guess. He was made vicar of St Botolph's about 1435, and so may have been 74 years old in 1484. Of his degrees we know nothing except that he is styled ' magister ' even to the very last, and so probably was not doctor in any faculty. As we have seen, he directed his tomb to be ' in choro dicte capelle ubi lecte sunt lectiones.' ' He is buried' (says Cole, writing about 1777) ' in the chapel of his own college under a gravestone of grey marble, exactly in the middle, in the ante- chapel under the step as you ascend into the choir. In Vol. il. p. 17 of these collections is an awkward sketch of it. He is in a Doctor's Habit, but being continually trod on twice a day, as People go into the chapel, it is no wonder, that the strokes are worn away and that it is now almost a plain smooth piece of brass.' (MS. [Cole, vii.] Addit. 5808, p. 124.) No such brass now exists in the chapel. Impressions of two seals of Andrew Doket are affixed to many deeds in the college treasury. One is in the form of a small rectangle with the corners cut off, about join, long and \ in. wide, bearing a St Catharine's wheel within which are the letters j[ interlaced. The other is circular, about |^in. in diameter, and bearing only the above letters (though larger) interlaced as before. 60 His arms as depicted on a table of the President's in the lodge are thus blazoned : Sa. a saltire Arg. A few notices of Andrew Doket remain in the Bursar's accounts of Queens' college. In the I Magnum Journale, which begins immediately after his death, we find at the year 1484-85 the following : — (fo. 16. b.) Item pro rasura m". Andree iijMiij^ Item pro probatione sui testamenti x\ (fo. 27. b.) Item in exequiis m". Andree Dokett primi presi- dentis ut patet per billam lij^ ob. and in IV M. J., under the year 1563 : — Item pro constituendo picturam m''° Andree Dokett in tu- mulo suo ij^ vj^ Also in the old register of the university (Grace Book A), imder the year 1456 we find : — - J Item de magistro Andrea Doget, m''" collegii Sancte Marga- rete pro cineribus pkimbi xvi^ viij**. * ilE now turn to the events in the history of the college which belong to Andrew Doket's presidentship. In order to render this more complete it may be useful before going further to arrange in order the events belonging to the foundation : 3 Dec. 25 Hen. YI. 1446. First foundation of St Bernard's college. 1 Aug 1 447. Resignation of the site, &c. into the King's hands. 2 1 Aug Second foundation of St Bernard's college. Petition of Queen Margaret (undated). Second resignation of lands, &c. of St Bernard's college. .30 March 26 Hen. VI. 1448. The king's charter for the foundation of Queen's college. 61 .5 April Queen Margaret's commission to Sir John Werloke. 14 April First contract for wood work. 15 The laying the corner-stone of the chapel. 4 March 27 Hen. VI. 1448-9. Privy seal for £200 (p. 62). 6 ' Second contract for wood work. 19 July 1449 Warrant for the payment of the £200. It is a matter of regret, that for the whole of this long period of nearly 40 years, from 1446 to 1484, when the growth of the , college was most rapid, the materials of its history are so scanty. It would be interesting to be able to trace the gradual progress of ; the college both in buildings and wealth, to be able to say with certainty when the different benefactions were bestowed, to observe the increase of the society, and to shew an accurate list of the fellows and other prominent members of the college. This is impossible from the want of those account books of the bursars and other college books, which will be found of so great assistance in subsequent presidentships. For though the deeds of many benefactions exist, yet it will be seen that in some cases the college did not at once enter into possession of the estates, while of many smaller benefactions no trace remains. It is fortunate that the name of one of the most munificent of the benefactors of the college has been preserved, that of bishop Marmaduke Lumley, whose gift of £220 must have helped the infant society very considerably, when we find that the King only gave the smaller sum of £200. The date of his bene- faction is not recorded, but if the description ' Lincoln, epi- scopus ' is correct, it must have been in the year 14.50. He was second son of Ealph first baron Lumley, of Lumley castle Durham, and was master of Trinity Hall in 1429, arch- deacon of Northumberland till 1427, chancellor of the univer- sity 1427-8, bishop of Carlisle 1429—1450, whence he was translated to Lincoln ; here he died in the same or following year, (Godwin de PrasuL Carl, et Line. Le Neve. Newcourt, I. 739.) He was buried at the Charter House (Stow, Survey of 62 London). His will is not at Lambeth, nor in the Prerog. office (Brown Willis, Lincoln, bl). Besides giving to the college the weight of her name and patronage and procuring a charter of foundation, there seems no doubt that to queen Margaret the college owes indirectly- considerable pecuniary assistance. j| In MS. Baker xxv. 449, we find this document : Priv. Sig. 4 March 27. H. 6. [1448-9] It is shewed unto us by our welbeloved the President and Felowes of the College of saint Margarete and saint Bernard in our universite of Cambrigge which is of the foundation of our moost dere and best beloved wyfe the Quene, how that, for as much as the seid president and felowes have not wherwith to edifie the seid College in housing and other necessaries but only of almesse of Cristes devoute people therto putting theire hands and dedes meritorye nor that the seid edification is not to be perfourmed at any wise withoute that the supportation of our moste noble and benygne grace be shedded unto them in this partie-^we hav^e yeven them CC". And this privy seal was carried into effect, for among the Exchequer Issue Rolls of 144i) in the Public Record Office, we find Die Sabbati xix". die Julii presidenti et sociis coUegii sancte Margarete et sancti Bernard! universitatis Cantabr. ex fundatione Margarete regine Anglie In denariis iis liberatis per assign, isto die factam per manus Andree Doket in persolutionem CC' quas Dnus Pex eisdem presidenti et sociis suis liberare raaudavit in relevamen pauperfiatis presidentis et sociorum predictorum, habend. de dono suo per breve de privato sigillo inter mandata de hoc termino. (See Fr. Devon, Cal. of Exchequer Issue Bolls London 1837. p. 464.) The date of this is two days before the signing of the second contract for woodwork above quoted. Of any direct contribution by queen Margaret to the building fund or endowment of the college, no traces remain. If she did supply any thing towards the college, whose pa- tronage she gladly assumed, and her known liberality makes it difficult to believe that she did not, the record of her benefac- tion must have disappeared at a time when the college might be 63 perhaps not anxious to make much, display of the fallen queen's favour. We find however that some of her friends were com- memorated as benefactors, as Sir John Beaumont, Lord of Bardolf, steward of her manor. Sir John Wenloke, her chamber- lain, etc.; and no doubt her influence was exercised in securing the countenance and support of the nobilitj of her court to the furtherance of the new college. Of the progress of the structure of the college, no memorials occur beyond the two indentures for the woodwork of 1448 and 1449 given above. From them however we see that the first court was completed before the war of the Koses broke out, while the greater part of the other buildings is of much later date. The material selected for the structure was red brick with stone dressings, and in consequence of the imperishable nature of the former, the first court of the college remains almost un- altered as it was in 1454. The area of the court is about 100 ft. by 85 ft. The entrance to this is by a massive gateway on its east side. The groined roof of the gateway remains in a perfect state of preservation, the figures of St Bernard and St Margaret forming the decoration of the bosses. According to a common arrangement of collegiate buildings, the chapel and library occupied the north side of the court, and the hall, butteries and kitchen the west ; while the south side, and the buildings towards the east on either side of the tower, contained chambers for the inmates of the college. The president's lodging was in the north-west angle between the hall and the library, and the tower itself formed the treasury, where the charters seal and deeds and other valuable effects of the community, plate and money, were kept. One contribution towards the building, which must belong to the very early times of the college, is thus recorded in a list of benefactors contained in Misc. A. (fo. 6). Thomas Parys de Boston mercator et Margeria et Margareta uxores ejus, qui dederunt decern libras pro factura camera supra librariam, ac magnam mappam cum sex manitergiis operis diaperii. We have already seen the bequest of books to the college by John Carawey in 1449, and also the license for divine service in the chapel by the bishop of Ely, William Gray, 12 Dec. 1454. 64 .1 In 1456 the society of Corpus Christi college determined to build a new bakehouse of the same length with the new house built by Andrew Doket, rector of St Botolph's, which ' had given some offence by dropping on their ground, and of the same height as St Bernard's hostel, to which, it adjoined, that they might not be overlooked by some new windows made in it (Masters, Hist, of G.G.G. 44, 45). Dr Plumptre in his MS. history of Queens' college states that besides the framers of the intended statutes appointed by the charters of 1446, 1447 and 1448, the following were ap- pointed by queen Margaret by letters patent under the king's seal in 1457, viz. William Booth, then archbishop of York, Richard Cawedraie, Thomas Bullein, William Millington, and Hugh Damlett. The foundation of the statement seems to be a notice in ' Dr Walker's MS.' which besides the statutes contains also some account of the foundation, and a list of the presidents, fellows, bishops, and doctors, &c. of the college, drawn up in 1565-67, where at fo. 68 b. we read : ' Margareta regina Anglie et Francie et domina Hybernie, filia regis Sicilie et lerusalem etc. 1 Martii 1457. Per hoc scriptum constituuntur isti statutorum conditores Gulielmus Archiep. Eboracensis 1 clerici ediderunt Ric. Cawedraie, Thomas Bullein > statuta collegii Gulielmus Milington et Hugo Damlet j Reginalis.' The Eev. G. C. Gorham, who edited the college statutes in 1822, has written at the top of the page : ' The statements respecting the statute framers are somewhat erroneous, as appears by the charters themselves.' He does not notice these new statute framers in his historical introduction to the printed statutes, so it may be presumed that he could find no documen- tary evidence of the above statement. (Cole transcribed both 65 T)r Plumptre's MS. and the Walker MS. ; tliey will be found in MSS. Addit. 5849, p. 233 fF. and 5848, p. 325 fF.) William Holt and Stephen Tychemerssh, the executors of the will of Thomas Bany, 'nostro collegio non modicum pro- pitii inter multiplicia sue caritatis opera edificationem collegii non postpoiientes,' having 'ad perquisitionem fundi dotalis ejus- ! dem collegii,' given £100 sterling, the college in 1454 agreed to insert the names of Thomas Barry, William Holt and Agnes his wife, Stephen Tychemerssh and Agnes his wife, among the names of the benefactors of the college^, 'ea namque in libro scribi vite summis optamus viribus', and to celebrate every 15th of May exequias mortuorum, with mass on the morrow. The month is not given, but as the deed is dated also 33 Hen. VI., it must have been executed between September and December 1454. Of this deed only a transcript exists in a paper volume containing Compositions for fellowships, 'Forinseca Eecepta' 1529-58, &c. (referred to hereafter as Misc. B.) fo. 11. In the 'Form for the commemoration of benefactors' of the college, printed 1823, we find (p. 2) : ' 1446, Thomas Barrie citizen of London purchased and afterwards gave us by will the land on which this college was actually built,' This is repeated from previous commemoration services even as early as 1616 (MS. Baker xxxvi. 75) : but it seems to be wrong, as it was only in the following year that John Morys of Trumpington gave the land in question to the society of St Bernard's college. The mistake appears in part alread.y in the Walker MS. above mentioned. In 1458 Eichard Withermerch, 'gentylman,' gave to the college 40 marks to acquire lands and tenements of the annual value of 40s,, in order to procure bread, wine, and wax for the celebration of masses in the diapel, receiving from the college during his life an annual sum of 26s. Sd. out of the rents of St Bernard's hostel. The composition for this benefac- tion is dated at the monastery of St John, Colchester, on 18 Apr. 36 Hen. VI. 1458 (Misc. B. fo. 9). In 1459 William Lasby, of Colchester, clerk, gave the col- lege a house in the parish of St Botolph Cambridge at the' 5 corner of Queens' Lane and Smallbridge street (now Silver street), to provide the stipend for a bachelor or scholar in divinity of the college having no other preferment, who, being thereto chosen bj the president and fellows of the college, should preach the Gospel of God ' in locis quibus magis necesse est in salvationem et relevamen quam plurium animarum,' for which he was to receive £1. 6s. 8d. per ann. If the college failed to elect a preacher, the chancellor of the university for the time being was to appoint one of the said college. The deed of gift is dated 24 Sept. 38 Hen. VI. 1459. Eichard Andrewe, alias Spycer, burgess of Cambridge, by his will dated 30 Aug. 1459, proved 1 July 1461, left to the college 80 marks in money, a tenement in the parish of St Botolph, another in the parish of St Peter Cambridge by the great bridge or 40 marks instead, a messuage in the parish of Haslingfield of the value of £10, and one in the parish of Madingley of the value of £18, for the maintenance of a Bible clerk, ' clericus ad legendum Bibliam ad prandium et cenam infra collegium,' on condition that yearly on the anniversary of his death, an obit should be celebrated in St Botolph's church for himself, his wife, his parents, friends, and benefactors. In the inventory of 1472, his benefactiens are described as the hostel of St Nicholas in St Andrew's parish, and four tenements in St Botolph's parish : an exchange of property may have taken place, as another of his bequests consisted of ' a house in St Andrew's parish abutting on Preacher's lane,' which sufficiently describes the position of St Nicholas' hostel (Cooper, Ann. i. 210). The prior and convent of Barnwell had been possessed of the rectory of St Botolph's from the time of Eustace, bishop of Ely (1197), who appropriated it to the use of that convent, reserving only a stipend to the vicar. In 1353 they were, by licence from the bishop, empowered to transfer all their right therein to Corpus Christi college, upon condition that they paid them four marks annually for the same. This payment was made regu- 67 larly down to the time of Jolm Botwright the seventh master, ' when upon an omission of four years a warm contest arose be- twixt them, which both parties at length (1446) agreed to refer to sir John Fray, chief baron of the exchequer (whose widow married John lord Wenlock), William Lichfield (see p. 83), and Gilbert Worthington, clerks, who, after inspecting their deeds, determined that the payment should still be continued, and that the convent should deliver up to the college all their evidences relating to the rectory, and assist the society as much as pos- sible in getting it appropriated to the college. However, in- stead of this, they were advised by some friends, who were lovers of peace, to buy off this pension, which they accordingly did in 1459 at the expense of 100 marks, and the following- year sold the advowson to Queens' college for 80 marks, re- serving to themselves only the liberty of making use of the church for praying, singing and saying mass, as often as they ? should have occasion and as they were obliged to do by statute ■ (Masters' Hist, of G. G. G. G. 20, 21). The deed is dated 12 Jan. 38 Hen. VI. 1459-60, and is as follows :— Scianfc presentes et futuri quod nos Johannes Botright magister sive custos collegii Corporis Christi et beats Marie Cantebrigie ac scolares ejusdem collegii unanimi assensu et consensu concessimus Andree Doket president! collegii Reginalis in Cantebrigia fundati in honore sanctorum Margarete et Bernardi ac sociis ejusdem collegii advocationem ecclesie sancti Botulj)hi Cantebrigie cum pertiuentiis, (quani quidem advocationem quondam habuimus ex concessione RadulpM niTper prioris et couventus de Bernewell in comitatu Cantebrigie) habendam et tenendam predictam advocationem pre- fatis presidenti et sociis dicti collegii Reginalis et eorum succes- soribus imperpetiium. Insuper noveritis nos prefatos Johannem Botright magistrum sive custodem collegii Corporis Christi et beate Marie virginis in Cantebrigia ac scolares ejusdem collegii unanimi assensu et consensu dedisse concessisse et per hoc presens scriptum confirmasse prefatis Andree Doket presidenti predicti collegii Regi- nalis in Cantebrigia fundati in honore sanctorum Margarete et Bernardi ac sociis ejusdem collegii quandam vacuam placeam terre sive glebam predicte ecclesie sancti Botulphi annexam in Cantebrigia, (que quidem vacua placea terre sive gleba continet in longitudine a 5-2 68 parte australi usque ad partem borealem versus orientera quater viginti et novem pedes, et in latitudine a parte orientali usque ad partem occideutalem juxta cimiterium dicte ecclesie sancti Botulphi quadraginta et septem pedes et tres pollices, et jacet inter gardinum et terram dicti collegii Corporis Cliristi et beate Marie ex partibus orientali et occidental!, et abbuttat partim super angulum transversum mtxri lapidei collegii Corporis Christi predicti et partim super cimiterium dicte ecclesie sancti Botulplii versus austrum et super hospitium vocatum Bernardes hostel 1 versus boriam, et continet in longitudine a boria versus austrum a pai'te occidentali quatervi- ginti et tres pedes, et in latitudine a parte orientali usque ad partem occidentalem versus boriam quadraginta pedes et dimidium), haben- dam et tenendam predictam vacuam placeam terre sive glebam dicte ecclesie annexam cum suis pertinentiis prefatis Andree Doket presi- denti collegii Reginalis Cantebrigie ac sociis ejusdem collegii et successoribus suis imperpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium liuic presenti carte nostre sigillum nostrum commune apposuimus liiis testibus Thoma Hayerman majore vill« Cantebrigie, Roberto Damay, Johanne Hesewell, Willelmo Garford, Willelmo Jeffreyesson ballivis ejusdem ville, et multis aliis. Datum apud Cantebrigiam predictam, duodecimo die mensis Januarii, anno regni regis Henrici sexti post conquestum Anglie tricesimo octavo. The seal of Corpus Christi college is appended. On the same daj, 12 Jan. 38 Hen. VI. 1459-60, Corpus Christi college sold to Queens' college a small vacant place in Smallbridges street, the original site of Andrew Doket's almshouses. * * E now reach the time, when the change of dynasty threatened ruin to a foundation almost as intimately connected with the deposed sovereign as King's college. The contest between the Lancastrian and the Yorkist parties had begun in 1452, and after the battle of St Albans, 23 May 1455, Henry VI. was by the Parliament placed under the regency of Richard, duke of York; but in the beginning of 1456, the King- recovered his uncontrolled power. Peace lasted till 1459, when war again broke out. Many battles were fought with I 69 varied success, but though Edward IV. mounted the throne 4 March 1460-1, on the deposition of Henrj YI, hostilities did not cease till 15 Maj 1463, when the loss of the battle of Hexham and the captivity of Henry forced queen Margaret to relinquish for a time her hopes of the crown. When Edward IV. had reduced the affairs of the kingdom into a somewhat settled state, he married 1 May 1464 Elizabeth Wydeville. She was the eldest daughter of sir Richard Wydeville of Grafton Northamptonshire (created by Edward IV. lord Rivers), and Jacquetta duchess dowager of Bedford, and was born about 14.31. In 1453 she married sir John Gray, who afterwards succeeded to. the title of lord Ferrers of Groby, and having been one of the maids of honour to queen ]\Iargaret received on her marriage from the queen a portion of £200. After lier marriage she continued in immediate attendance with the queen as one of the four ladies of the bedchamber, lady Margery Rocs, a great benefactor to the college in somewhat later times, being another.. Lord Ferrers commanded the cavalry of queen Margaret at the second battle of St Albans, 17 Feb. 1460-61, but died of his wounds 28 Feb. After obtaining possession of the throne, Edward sent Richard Neville, the great earl of Warwick, to obtain for him the hand of Bona, daughter of Louis duke of Savoy. However the King met the widow of the Lancastrian general, and married her privately on 1 May 1464 at Grafton, whither she had retired on the death of her husband and the subsequent loss of her property. The marriage was publicly declared in Reading Abbey Church on Michaelmas day in the same year, and Elizabeth was crowned at West- minster, Whitsunday 1465. (Dngd. Bar. ii. 230, i. 719.) As closely connected with queen Margaret, Elizabeth Wyde- ville was doubtless well acquainted both with Andrew Doket, and Queens' college, and we may suppose that, on the watch for opportunities to forward his design, the president eagerly solicited the new queen's favour and patronage for the college, in room of that support which he had lost by the misfortunes of Margaret. If this were the case, Andrew Doket must have been successful in his application. Elizabeth was pleased to under- 70 take the canying on and finishing the work, which her predecessor had begun, considering herself apparently as foundress by right of succession. At her request Edward IV. granted to the college, by writ of privy seal, dated 25 March 5 Edw. IV. 1465, licence to hold property in mortmain to the yearly value of £200, the same amount as the society had been permitted to hold by the charter of foundation. In this deed the college is styled ''Collegium quod de patronatu Elizabeth regine Anglie consortis nostre carissime existit." JS The deed is to the following effect : — ■ EDWARDUS DEI GRATIA Rex Anglie et Francie et Dominus Hibernie, Omnibus ad quos presentes littere pervenerint, Salutem. Sciatis quod de gratia nostra speciali et absque fine sen feodo nobis in hac parte solvendis, concessimus et licentiam dedimus pro nobis et beredibus nostris quantum in nobis est magistro Andree Doket president! et sociis Reginalis collegii sancte Margarete et sancti Bernardi in universifcate Cantebrigie, (quod de patronatu Elizabeth regine Anglie consortis nostre carissime existit, nt ipsi et successores sui apud Altissimum ac devotius pro sakibri statu nostro et prefate consortis nostre dum vixerimus et pro animabus nostris cum ab hac hice migraverimus ac animabus nobilium pi'o- genitorum et antecessorum nostrorum et omnium fidelium defunc- toi'um deprecentur et exorent,) quod ipsi et successores sui presi- dentes et socii predicti perquirere possint terras tenementa et reddi- tus necnon advocationes ecclesiarum et aliorum beneficiorum eccle- siasticorum quorumcumque, que quidem tenementa redditus et ecclesie ac alia beueficia ecclesiastica quecumque de aliis quam de nobis tenentur in capite et ad ducentas libras per annum se attingunt ultra onei'a et reprisas : liabenda et tenenda terras tenementa redditus et advocationes ilia eisdem presidenti et sociis et successoribus suis in liberam puram et perpetuam elemosinam in augmentationem sustentationis sue imperpetuum, et eadem ecclesias et beneficia quecumque appropriare et ea sic appropriata in proprios usus tenere sibi et successoribus suis imperpetuum, absque molestatione nostri heredum seu succes- sorum nostrorum aut aliorum quorumcunque, Statuto de terris et tenementis ad manum mortuam non ponendis edito, aut aliquo alio 71 statute actu ordinatione vel mandato aut aliqua alia re causa vel materia quacumque non obstantibiis. In cujus rei testimonium lias litteras nostras fieri fecimus paten- tes. Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium vicesimo quinto die Martii anno regni nostri quinto. Mundes Per breve de privato sigillo et de data predicta auctoritate parliamenti. 'In the earlj part of tliat year (1465) she appropriated a part of lier income to tlie completion of this college' (Cooper, Memorials of Camhridge, i. 280). This statement may refer to the above, but of any direct benefaction to the college from the second queen patroness all account has been lost We only know that she was commemorated among the benefactors of the college together with Cecily duchess of York, (the mother of Edward IV. and Eichard III.,) George duke of Clarence, and other members of the house of York, of whose benefactions also no particulars remain. The following description of queen Elizabeth is given by Hall in his Chronicle : ' She was a woman more of formal countenance than of excellent beauty, but yet of such beauty and favour, that with her sober demeanour, lovely looking and feminine smiling (neither too wanton nor too humble), beside her tongue so eloquent and her wit so pregnant, she was able to ravish the mind of a mean person, when she allured and made subject to her the heart of so great a King.' The second of the two old accounts of the early times of the college above mentioned, continues the history beyond the times of queen Margaret in the following words : — Felicis memorie et Dei gi-atia regina Anglie Margareta conjux devotissimi regis Henrici sexti, sperans salutem animarum et ortlio- doxe fidei incrementum, auctoritate memorati principis fundavit et edificare cepit colleginm sanctorum Margarete et Bernardi Cantabrigie, ut supra jam dictum est. Ejusdemqtxe collegii dis- cretum virum, prudentem et Deo dilectum, Andream Dokett instituit primum presidentem, cuius precibus, nt creditur, predicta fecisse videtur. Sed quia adversante quadam fortuna et Deo permittente, 72 "memorata regina sic cessit dignitate, ut quod inceperat nee con- summai'e potuit, liinc est quod Elizabetli regina et conjux illustrissimi regis Edwardi qiiarti, uti jure successionis vera fundatrix, quod a predecessore sua inceptum erat nee tamen completum usque ad finem iJla perduxit, statuta edidit, pluraque privilegia a rege impetravit, pwjcurante semper eodem primo presidente Andrea Doketfc, cuius jam opera manifesta sunt. Scripta sunt hec, ut sciant futuri, que fuit prima fundatrix, quis primus presidens, quodque exordium huius collegii Reginalis sanc- iorum Margarete et Bernardi Cantabrigie. In 1468 queen Elizabeth Wydeville visited Cambridge (Cooper, Ann. i. 216. MS. Baker xlii. 160). The benefaction of Lady Margery Roos seems to belong to the year 1469. She gave 'certan monay wherew* certan lands -wer purchaced and baught, that is to say the manors off Horsham hall, Mone hall,. Cromes hall, and Hompsted hall with thappm'tenances and also certeyn lands... in the townys of Haverell and Wycham in the counties of Essex and Cambrege, and also lands... to the yerely value off ix^' in the towne and felde of Abbotyslay in the countie of Himtyngdon,' to found five priests fellows of the college to pray for the soul of dame Margery Roos, sir Pliilip Wentworth kt., and sir John Eoos kt. with a stipend of £Q. ISs. 4>d. The college, by an agreement with her executor Dr John Rypplyngham of 8 March 21 Hen. VII. 1505-6, was tO' keep on the feast of St Alphege a dirige, and on the morrow a mass of requiem, 'atte wyche obite the said president and felowes atte their dyner and soper shall have an honest repast,^ and the president should receive 3s. 4c?., each fellow 12d, each bible-clerk 4(i., the manciple 4sores sui apud altissimum ac devotius pro salu- bri statu nostro et prefate consortis nostre diim viveremus et pro animabus nostris quum ab hac luce migraremus ac animabus nobilium progenitorum et antecessorum nostrorum et omnium fidelium defunc- torum deprecarentur et exorarent) quod ipsi et successores sui presi- dentes et socii predicti perquirere possent terras tenementa et redditus necnon advocationes ecclesiarum et aliorum beneficiorum ecclesias- ticorum quorumcumque que quidem terre tenementa redditus et ecclesie ac alia beneficia ecclesiastica quecumque de aliis quam de nobis tenerentur in capite et ad ducentas libras per annum se attin- gerent ultra onera et reprisas, Habenda et tenenda terras tenementa redditus et advocationes illis eisdem presidenti et sociis et successori- bus suis in liberam puram et perpetuam elemosinam in augmentationem sustentationis sue imperpetuum et eadem ecclesias et beneficia que- cumque appropriare et ea sic appropriata in proprios usus su?)s tenere sibi et successoribus suis imperpetuum absque molestations nostri heredum seu successorum nostrorum aut aliorum quorumcumque. Statute de terris et tenementis ad manum mortuam non ponendis edito aut aliquo alio statuto actu ordinatione vel mandate aut aliqua alia re, causa vel materia quacumque non obstante, prout in literii, predictis plenius continetur. 'SJ NOS volentes concessionem predictam efiectui debito mancipari, de gratia nostra speciali concessimiis et licentiam dedimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris quantum in nobis est Johanne que fuit uxor Johannis Burgh militis, Johanni Gamelyn clerico, et Roberto Love capellano, quod ipsi manerium de Seynt Nicholas Courte cum pertinentiis in insula de Thaneto in com. Cant, (quod de aliis quam de nobis tenetur, et quod ad summam duodecim marcarum extenditur per annum, prout per inquisitionem inde coram Ricardo Garnet nuper escaetori nostro in comitatu predicto de mandate nostro captam et in cancellariam nostram retornatam est compertum) dare possint et cencedere prefatis presidenti et sociis : Habendum et tenendum sibi et successoribus suis imperpetuum in valorem tresdecim marcarum per annum in partem satisfactionis dictarum ducentarum librarum per annum statuto predicto non obstante : Nolentes quod prefati Johanna, Johannes et Robertus vel heredes sui aut predict! presidens et socii et successores sui ratioue permis- sorum per nos vel liei^edes nostros, justiciaries, escaetores, vice- comites aut alios ballivos seu ministros nostros vel lieredum nostrorum iqnoscumque molestentur perturbentur in aliquo seu graventur, salvis tarn en capitalibus dominis feodi illius servitiis inde debitis et de jure consuetis. i In cujus rei testimonium lias literas nosti'as fieri fecimus patentes. 'Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium quinto die Martii, anno regni nostri tertio decimo. Fryston. To this deed tlie great seal of England is appended. The yearly value of this estate was then thirteen marks, as also appears from the following endorsement on the licence of mortmain of 25 March 1465 : — f ': Memorandum quod quinto die Martii amio regni regis infrascripti tertiodecimo presidens et socii infrascripti virtute istius licentie per- quisiverunt diversa terras et tenementa in Com. Kant, tenenda sibi et successoribus suis imperpetuum in valorem tresdecim marcarum in partem satisfactionis ducentarum libratarum terrarum tenementorum reddituum et advocationum infrascriptorum. She gave this estate by deed of 20 March following (1473-4), jand on 1 Apr. the college granted it back to her for the term of 80 years, which was to determine at her death. ' The college seal appended to the deeds belonging to this grant is small and round and bears a pelican, that of Lady Joan Burgh is likewise small and round and bears St Christopher icarrying the Saviour. The following document of 8 March, 13 Edw. IV. 1473-4, [preserved in the college treasury, shews one of the ways, in which Andrew Doket procured funds for the endowment of his ^college : — I This endenture made betwene maister Andrewe Doket president 'of the Quenes college in the universite of Cambrigge and the ffehship of the same college on that oon partie, and Robert Rocheford grocer and Robert Carvell mercer, citezenis of London on that other partie witnesseth : that the seid president and fieliship have receyved the 6—2 84 day of the date of these presentes of the seid Robert and Robert for the soule of Edmund Carvell late citizen and gi-ocer of London now dede xx li. sterling to thentent that the seid Edmond shall be taken and receyved as benefactour of the forseid college and to be made partener of all the suffrages prayers masses and alle other merytory dedes that shall be seid and doon w*ynne the same college for other benefactours of the same, And also that the soule of the same Edmond shall be remembered among other benefactours of the same college atte Dirige and masse of Requiem to be seyd for them oons in every year w'ynne the same college. And to thaccomplysshment of the same, the seid president and ffeliship have promysed by these pre- sentes, that alle the prestes now beyng of the same college and hei-eafter shall be, shall be sworn to performe the same. In witnesse wherof the same president and ffeliship their commone seale and the Robert and Robert their scales to these indentures changeably have set. Yeven the iij*** day of March the xiij*^ yere of the r^^gne of kyng Edward the fourth. Although so many provisions had been made in the several charters of foundation concerning statutes for the college, none probably were drawn up for the government of the college, till queen Elizabeth gave a set of statutes by her letters patent dated 10 March, 15 Edw. TV. 1474-5. The queen's words ' ad humilem supplicationem et specialem requisitionem Andree [Dokett] primi presidentis ... collegii [Reginalis] ad quedam statuta et ordinationes pro fundatione et stabilimento collegii illius fiendo ut vera fundatrix ejusdem ... procedimus in hunc modum,' which occur in the preface to the statutes of 1475, seem to shew this. These statutes continued in force till 1529. By will dated 5 April, 14 Edw. IV. 1474 and proved , John Raven clerk directed that at his death certain lands and tenements in Buckworth in Huntingdonshire, and a yearly rent of 16s., issuing from lands at Gilden Morden in the county of Cambridge, should go to the college for the foundation of a poor scholar, as lector biblie or bible-clerk. By a deed of 4 Jan. 15 Edw. IV. 1475-6, the college states that it has received £30 from the sale of the lands at Buckworth, and the .value of £14. 55. 2d., in money, jocalia, and certain books of the gift of the said John Raven ; also that Mr Ralph Shaw and Mr Thomas Mawdesley, Mr William Bond, and Mr Ralph Songer were feofFed in 16s. of yearly rent from lands in Gilden Morden, for the use of the college; and undertakes to maintain such a poor scholar, for ever to be called Raven's clerk. The jestate at Gilden Morden was in 21 Hen. VIII. 1529-30 ex- changed with Dr Manfeld for one at Eversden. (The Deed in the college treasury, the will is transcribed in Misc. B.) j On 6 Oct. 15 Edw. IV. 1475 the island on which the brew- house and the stables stand, together with the fellows' garden and the grove, was granted to the college for 40 marks, by the mayor ! bailiffs and commonalty of the town of Cambridge, "ad contempla- tionem literarum honorabilium metuendissimi domini nostri regis, excellentissime principisse domine nostre regine, ac illustris et prepotentis principis Edwardi primogeniti domini nostri regis." The piece of ground is described as lying between the ''communis riparia," which goes down from the King's and Bishop's mills, and the "communis riparia" which goes down from NcAvnham mills, and the Newnham road between the small bridges. At the same time the college undertook to lengthen the small bridge next the college by 12 feet, in consideration of which it was to be freed from all repairs of it for the future. The college was also to widen the river on the east side of the island to 51 feet, and had leave to build a bridge across it, the arches of which j should be as wide as the arches of the bridge of King's college. I Omnibus ad quos presens scriptum indentatum pervenerit Major burgenses et communitas ville Cantebrigie Salutem in Domino. Sciatis quod nos prefati major, burgenses et communitas unanimi assensu et voluntate nostris (ad contemplationem literarum honorabilium metuendissimi domini nostri regis, excellentissime principisse domine nostre regine ac illustris et prepotentis principis Edwardi primo- geniti domini nostri regis) dedimus concessimus et hac presenti carta nostra confirmavimus pro nobis et successoribus nostris Andree Dokett clerico presidenti collegii Reginalis sanctorum Margarete et Bernardi in Cantebrigia et ejusdem sociis et eorum successori- ; bus, — quandam parcellam communis terre sive soli nostri, prout 86 jacet inter communem ripariam descendentem a molendinis vul- gariter nuncixpatis Kings mylle et bischopys mylle infra villain Cant, ex parte orientali ejusdem terre sive soli, et ripariam de- scendentem a molendino vocato Newenham mille a parte occidentali, et a diversis limitibus vocatis stakis fixis et positis per nos dictos majorem burgenses et communitatem ex parte aquilonari vie du- centis a villa Cant, usque Newenliam inter duos pontes vocatos le smalebrigges, distantibus a dicta via ex parte orientali viginti et octo pedes et versvis partem occidentalem sexaginta et tres pedes, quodam solo inter quoddam fossatum ad custagia predictorum pre- sidentis et sociorum ibidem faciendum et dictam viam prefatis majori burgensibus et communitati super solo illi ad stramen lapides et alias marcandisas ac alia quecumque ex quibus aliqua corruptio non eveniret ponenda omnino salvo et reservato Habendam et tenendam dictam parcellam terre sive soli, reservatis prereservatis, prefatis presidenti et sociis et successoribus suis imperpetuum, pro quibus quidem concessis idem presidens et socii dederunt nobis prefatis majori burgensibus et communitati xl. marcas tm, et ultra pre- dictus presidens et socii elongabunt pontem vocatum le smale- brigge proximum dicto collegio per xij pedes ad eorum propria custagia et expensas, et postquam dictus pons sic elongatus fuerit prefati presidens et socii et successores sui ad reparationem ejusdem pontis aliquo mode non onerentur : Et insuper prefati presidens et socii similiter elargabunt ripariam ex parte orientali dicte terre sive soli, sic quod eadem riparia sit per bujusmodi spacium prout parcella terre sive soli predicti extendit in latitudine 1. et unum pedes. Et nos dicti major, burgenses et communitas et successores nostri ad libitum nostrum piscare et venire valeamus cum batillia nostris extra dictas duas riparias usque ad dictum novum fossatum non pejorando nee molestando allquid quod crescere contigerit super bancum predictorum presidis et sociorum vel infra idem fossatum efc onerare et discariare dictas batillas nostras ad et a terra sive solo nobis per presentem concessionem reservato : proviso semper quod prefati presidens et socii occasione presentis concessionis non extric- tent ripariam que currit ex parte occidentali dicti terre sive soli. Et vilterius nos prefati major burgenses et communitas concessimus prefatis presidi et sociis et suis successoril:)us quod ipsi ab libitiim suum quendam pontem ultra dictam ripariam currentem ex parte orientali dicte terre sive soli facere valeant itaque arce ejusdem pontis adeo large existent prout arce pontis Kegalis existunt sic quod 87 batilla cum cariagiis per eiindem pontem faciendum libera at pacifice itransire possunt. In cuius rei testimonium huic presenti carte nostre indentate penes prefatum Andream Dokett presidem et socios ;et successores dicti collegii remanenti sigillum nostrum commune jville predicts apposuimus. Datum apud Cantebrigiam vj". die iiOctobi'is anno regni regis Edwardi quarti post conquestum Anglie Y deed of 1 April, 17 Edw. IV. 1477, Richard duke of Gloucester and Admiral of England, and John Pilking- ton, and John Huddleston, knights, William Hopton, Esq. and Thomas Barowe, clerk, the feoffees ' ad usum et profi- cuura ejusdem ducis, de et in manerio sive dominio ipsius ducis de Fulmere' (Foulmire) in the county of Cambridge, granted 'ad Imandatum et speciale preceptum dicti ducis' to the president and fellows of Queens' college, the manor and advowson of Foulmire, i according to the tenor of certain indentures between the above jand the college. The attorneys appointed were William Alyng- ton, the duke's chancellor, John Ponsaby and Richard Aldrede. The deed is tested by Sir James Tirrell, William Tunstall, John Kendall, and others, and is dated ' apud castrum nostrum de Sherefhoton' (Sheriff-Hutton, near York). It is signed 1R. ^l0U= l tt%tXt and bears the five seals of the duke and his feoffees. Richard, the eleventh child of Richard duke of York, was 5 born 2 Oct. 1452, and therefore was only 9 years of age when his : brother the earl of March became king by the name of Edward IV. and at this time was only 24 years of age. Rous, the I Warwick antiquary, a strong partisan of the house of Lancaster, ' fixes his birth on 21 Oct. 1450, but William of Wyrcester gives the above later date as of his own knowledge (C. A. Halsted, I Richard III. as duJce of Gloucester and king of England. 2 vols. ' 8vo. London, 1844). Sheriff-Hutton Castle was one of the ancient strongholds of the Nevilles, in whose family it had remained for 300 years, until forfeited to the king by Warwick's attainder after the . battle of Barnet. It was then given by king Edward to his brother Richard in 1471, and that prince bestowed so much 88 attention in repairing and beautifying tins magnificent structure, and in improving the demesne altogether, that the lordship and manor was within a brief period from the period now under, con- sideration [1478] purchased by the king from his brother for the sum of £500 (Halstead, i. 331). A great number of docu- ments of the duke are dated from the castle. On 10 April of the same year, the king granted permission, by a writ of privy seal dated at Windsor, to the above feoffees to give and to the college to accept the manor and advowson of Foul mire, with the usual condition of praying for the king and his ancestors, also for Richard, duke of Gloucester, and Anne his wife, and Edward their son, and for the souls of John Vere, late earl of Oxford, and Elizabeth his wife, and all faithful departed. On 17 July, 17 Edw. IV. 1477, the indentures above men- tioned were made, rehearsing the purposes of the grant, viz. to found four priests, fellows of the college, to be called the four priests of the duke of Gloucester's foundation, who were to study theology, and to pray for the family of the duke, and the feoffees and the duke's friends who were slain at the battles of Barnet (14 Apr. 1471), Tewkesbury (4 May 1471), etc., with a stipend of £8 per annum, and they were to preach in Advent and Lent, with other double feasts. The advowson of Foulmire was on the next vacancy to be appropriated to the college, for the proper use and behoof of the president, so long as he should be actually president ; the college was also to keep a dirige and mass of requiem on St Sylvester's eve for the souls of the duke's family, and to enrol the duke among its benefactors ; the chan- cellor of the university was appointed visitor of the duke's foundation with power to fine the college, if after three moni- tions any breach of the indentures was left uncorrected. The duke of Gloucester also founded a college for a dean and six priests at Middleham, Yorkshire, in 1477, the parlia- mentary sanction being granted on 16 Jan, 1477-78 (E,ot. Pari. VI. 172), and ordained statutes for its government 4 July, 18 Edw. IV. 1478. Sir William Beverley, previously rector of Middleham, was appointed dean (Rev. W. Atthill, Docu- 89 ,ments relating to tJie foundation and antiquities of the collegiate church of Middleham, published bj the Camden Society, 1847. Whitaker, Hist, of Richmondshire, I. 335 fF.). His successors were to be taken from among the six priests, if they be found worthy, or lacking them, from among the four priests of his foundation at Queens' college, Cambridge, or for want of such, from among the graduates of the university of Cambridge. The deed is as follows : — This indenture tripartit made the xvij day of Jule the yere of kynge Edwarde the fourth the xvij betwix the ryght high and myghti Prince Richarde duke of Gloucestre, Constable and Adma- rall of Ynglonde, sir John Pylkyngton, sir John Huddelston knyghtes, William Hopton sqwyer and Thomas Barowe clerk e, feoffys of the sayde duke of Gloucetre in certayn his lands late belongynge to Elizabeth contese of Oxforth, of the oon partye, — and the president and felawes of the Qwenys college in Cambrige of the other partye,— Wittnesseth that the sayde duke and his sayde feoffees be his commaundement (in the honore and lovyng of Almyghti God and all sayntes, and in especialle in the worschip of oure blessid Lady seynt Mary, seynt George, seynt Antony and seynte Nynyan) have gyven in perpetualle almysse to the sayde president and feleus and theire successours for- evermore the lordeship of Fulmere w* all the apporte- naunces therto belongynge and also the advowsyn of the parissh chirche of Eulm"" to be appropred to the sayde college for ever for continuall prayers and remembraunce of the sayde duke and other, in maner and forme foloynge Firste, the sayde president and felowes of the sayde college shall admitte and incorporat into the sayde college for the man'' and lorde- shep of Fulm'' iiij prestes not benyfised wele lerned and v^'tuosly dysposit as doctours of divinite bachelers opposers or masters of art beyng prestes of habilite to procede to be doctours and to preche the worde of God. And the sayde iiij prestes to be putte felous of the seyde college, of the -wiche prestes yche of tham yerly shall have viij. li. of lawfulle monye of Ynglande : And thei to be named ' The iiij prestes of the duke of Gloucef foundacion' : of the wiche iiij prestes oon of hem schalle synge dayly by the weke masse of oure Lady w* a collette of seynte George, and the secunde masse of Requiem except principall festis, thei to be assigned by the president 90 or Ms depute for the tyme beynge, alternis septimanis ; And oon of the other two prestes schalle dayli in his masse in the sayde college say a collet of seynte Antouye and the other of ham shalle say in like forme a collett of seynt ISTynian,- — provided alway that the sayde two prestes that synge not of oure Lady ne of Ileqniem schall in oon weke say oon masse of seynte George and oon masse of seynt Antonye, and in the secunde weke oon masse of seynte Antonye and oon masse of seynte Nynyan, and in the thirde weke oon masse of seynte Nynyan and oon masse of seynte George : and so tinder the forme and course to continue for evermore for the goode astatis and soulys under writtyn and alle cristen soulis w'in the chapelle of the sayde college. Firste the iiij prestes shell pray satisfactorie for the prosperuse astates of Richard the sayde duke of Gloucef and dame Anne his wife, and of Edwarde ther first begoten son erle of Salisbery w* all sych yssue as God schalle sende betwixe tham, and of all ther soulis after ther decessis : also thay schalle pray for the goode and prosperuse astates of oure sovereyne lorde kynge Edwarde the fourth, oure sovereyne lady quene Elizabet fundaresse of the sayde college, of the prince and all the kynges childer : and for the good astate of dame Gecile duches of York moder to the kynge our sayde sovereyne lorde and to the sayde duke of Gloucef: also for the soule of the ryght hygh and myghty prince of blessed memorie Richarde duke of Yorke fader to oure sovereyne lorde the kynge and to the sayde duke of Gloucet"^ : and for the soules of Edmunde erle of Rut- lande, dame Anne duches of Excef^, brother and sister of the sayde duke of Gloucef and alle his other bredern and sisf : also for Richarde erle of Cambridge and all other of the sayde duke ot Gloucef noble progenitours : also for the saules of John Veir and dame Elizabeth his wife with the soules of the specialle benefactours of the saide college, sir John Pylkyngton, sir John Huddelston knyghtes, William Hopton sqwyer, Thomas Barowe clerke and Wil- liam Tunstall : and for the soules of Thomas Par, John Milewater, Christofre Wursley, Thomas Huddelston, John Harper and all other gentilmen and yomen servanders and lovers of the saide duke of Gloucef^, the wiche were slayn in his service at the batelles of Bernett, Tukysbery or at any other feldes or jorneys, and for all cristen soulis. Also the sayde prestes schall preche in Advent and Lent withe other duble festes except a resonable causes to be approved by the president or his depute for the time beynge. 91 And if it so happyn that ony of the sayde iiij prestes so chosen be benyfised or dissece, then the president and felons for the tyme beynge shalle in goodely haste accordynge to the statutes of the sayde college electe oon able person or persones like as may stand w* the statutes of the sayde college. Also as for the advousyn of the sayde chirche of Fulm'' to be appropred to tlie sayde college when it schalle next be voyde, the sayde duke wille and graunteth that alle the yssues profittes and revenews schalle belonge to the propre use and behofe of the seyde president for the tyme beynge, provided alwey that the sayde presi- dent schalle no lenger enioy the sayde profittes yssues and revenews I then he is actuelly president of the sayde college : the wiche presi- ' dent for the tyme beynge schall w*in the sayde college singe messe of the Trinite or ellis say in his masse a collett of the Trinite except , principalle festes and other dayes whenne hit stondithe not w' the ordinalle of Sar', Also the sayde president and felaus of the seyde college and ther successours schalle kepe yerly a Dirige and a masse of Requiem in * ther habittes w'in ther chapelle upon saynt Sylvest"^ evyn for the soules of the forsayde prince Richarde duke of Yorke and Edmunde erle of Rutlande and all cristen soules. Also the sayde president and felaus of the sayde college shalle make the forsayde Richarde duke of Gloucef^ to be assorted and nombred amonge the benefactoui's of the sayde college. And when the president and felaus shalle kepe a solempne j Dirige in ther chapelle for ther foundatrise ther beynge the universi- tee, then the sayde Ric' duke of Gloucef to have at the sayde Dirige a specialle collet joyntly w' the fundresse. And for the true performaunce of the premisses in every poynte to be observed and kept, the sayde duke of Gloucet"^ and the sayde pre- sident and felaus be ther hole assent, ordeyne and make the chaun- celler of the sayde universite for the tyme beynge surveyer of the premisses, that in case the seyde president and felaus be negli- gent and fulfille not every article aforne sayde, that then the sayde chaunceller schalle gyve hem a monicon to reforme the same w*in moneth : and if it wHn the sayde moneth be not reformed that then the sayde chaunceller shalle gyve hem another monicon of a nother moneth and for non reformacioQ of the same he shalle gyve hem the thirde monicion of a nother moneth. And if it so be (as God defende) that the sayde president and 92 felaws within the space aforne sayde reforme not ther defautis of the premisses or any of hem, that then the sayde president and felaus schalle pay to the sayde chaunceller for the tyme beynge the hole stipend of the sayde preste or prestes so trespassinge for a quarter or halfe yer or yere lesse or more accordynge to the rate of trespace, the sayde chaunceller to dispose the sayde stipend in like wise to another preste or prestis of the sayde universite be way of like almesse accordynge to the wille of the sayde duke comprised in this in- dentures, provided alwey that the sayde duke be at his libertee and fredom durynge his naturalle life w' the president and felaws of the sayde college to reforme correcte dyminysch or enlarge the premisses and eche of hem according to the tyme and season. In wittnesse whereof to the oon partye of thies present indenturis tripartite remaynynge w* the sayde due' and his hayr^ the saide pre- sident and felaws have setto ther comon seale : to the secunde partye of the sayde indenturis remaynynge w' the sayde president and felaws the sayde duke hath setto the seale of his armes : and to the thred partye of the same indenturis remaynynge w* the chaunceller of the seyde universite as welle the sayde duke hathe setto the seale of his armes as the seyde president and felous have setto ther comon seale, the day and yere above sayde. This deed bears the seal of the duke, and in the margin his autograph, Wi. &\0\XCZ%tXt. Elizabeth, countess of Oxford, here mentioned, was the wife of John II. earl of Oxford, who was attainted in Nov. 1461, and beheaded 26 Feb. 1461-2. Her father was sir John Howard, the younger, and her grandfather, sir John Howard, the elder, had married Margaret the daughter and heir of sir John Playz. Elizabeth, countess of Oxford, by right of her grandmother, was seized of certain manors including that of Foulmere (Dugdale, Baronage, ii. 9), and when her husband was attainted, her feoffees were compelled to make over her estates to other feoffees for the duke of Gloucester's use, to whom Edward IV. had granted the earl's estates. In 1478 the college received a benefaction of £40 from Elizabeth Yorke executrix of William Yorke of London, towards the foundation and 'a mortassing of a priest to be a fellow in the 93 said college.' The acknowledgment is dated 14 Feb. 17 Edw. IV. 1478. j In 1478 John Collinson, archdeacon of Northampton, and , rector of Over in Cambridgeshire, gave to the college 300 marks to found a fellowship of the value of 10 marks (£6. 13s. 4c?.) per i ann., with his chamber and such other alms as the other fellows of the college received. His fellow was to pray for the Arch- deacon, his parents and John Chadworth bishop of Lincoln, and to preach the word of God ' -per se vel per alium ' in the church of Over twice a year, in Advent and in Lent. His composition with the college is dated 26 Aug. 18 Edw. IV. 1478. With his benefaction the college purchased the estates of Stanbourn and Motts near Bumpstead Essex, and the manor of Shadworth at Swaffham Prior Cambridgeshire. (Deed in the college treasury). I The seal which is affixed to the deed of composition bears fthe inscription ^fgillum ^oi)annis GDolgnson arcI)itiiaconi iQ,Ortl)amptOn ; in the field are the Virgin and child in a fine niche : below this his arms, an escallop shell between three trefoils. John Collinson was Prebendary of Louth in the church of Lincoln 1455-82, Archdeacon of Stow 1460-68, of Bedford 1468-71, of -Northampton 1471-82, admitted rector of Over 26 March 1472 (MS. Baker xxx. 49. bp. Gray's reg'".). He died 1482, and was buried in the chancel at Over, where his I arms still remain on the miserere of one of the south stalls. The following extract from the bursar's accounts refers to this benefaction : — \ • I. M. J. 1484-5. fol. 16. b. Item M. Hugoni Trotter in plenam solutionem suarum expensarum in emendo tenementum Staneburne hall xx'. About 1479 John Grene esquire, by his will founded a fellowship endowing it with "le floodwers, ebbwers et leynys pro ostriis," belonging to part of a marsh called Alflood marsh in Prettiwell and Eastwood in Essex, and with £5 per ann., issuing from the said marsh and the estate of Petits at Fulbourn in Cambridgeshire, consisting of a tenement and 60 acres of land. 94 His fellow was required to pray for John Grene and all his relations, and to be present in the parish church of Widdington, Essex 'si requisitus fuerit ' in Holy week, Easter week, for three weeks after Ascension daj, and during the twelve days of Christ- mas, provided that the lord of the manor or the rector would give him food and lodging for those times. The composition for this fellowship between Edith Grene, and William Grene his executors and the college is dated 26 July, 19 Edw. IV. 1479. (Deed in the college treasury.) On 8 Nov. 21 Edw. IV. 1481 John Alfray, of Ipswich, gen- tleman, made an agreement by indenture with the college for founding a fellowship after his death, out of lands lying at Capel, Brentwenham, Barholt and Bentley in Suffolk. The fellow was to pray for the said John Alfray, Helena his wife, John his son, Anne her mother, lady Margery Boos, William Wareyn, Andrew Groton, their relations and benefactors and all christian souls. The college bound itself to keep his obit in the chapel on the day of his death ' with Dirige and messe of Requiem by note,' the president to receive xx*^., the officiating priest xij^, and each of the other fellows iiij*^. 'And over this the said president and felawes schal have the same day at there dyner a bove and be side there comon fare every mess a dyssch to th value of iiij*^. or a bove.' The above indenture was tripartite between the college on the one part, John Alfrey 'gentylman' on the second, Mr John Chapman clerk, Mr John Bypplyngham clerk, Thomas Selle gentleman, John Barnby gentleman on the third. Of these the two former are in the college treasury. John Alfray, John Barnby and John Chapman, probably the rector of St Botolph's, were witnesses to lady Margery Boos' will, p. 75. M In 1483 Thomas Duffield, D.D. late fellow, left to the college by will 23 marks to provide ' unam lampadem ardentem coram summo altari infra capellam collegii,' on the condition of their enrolling him, and praying for him among the benefactors of the college. His executor William Bounde, clerk, actually paid to the college 25 marks 10 sh., and for this they undertook to 1| I 95 ! provide the lamp, and to pay the dean of the chapel ISs. 4. ceteris libertatibus et commoditatibus quibuscumque eisdem dominiis et maneriis et eorum cuilibet pertinentibus seu spectantibus, — nee non centum et decern libras singulis annis imperpetuum percipiendas et habendas (videlicet, sexaginta libras inde habendas et annuatim percipi- endas de feodi firma ville de Aylesbury in com. Buk. per raanuB 99 ballivorum sive aliorum receptorum ibidem pro tempore existentium ad terminos sancti Michaelis et Pasclie per equales portiones, necnon quinquaginta libras inde residuas habendas et percipi- endas annuatim imperpetutim de feodi firma ferie sive nuiidinarum sancti Ivonis in com. Hunt, per manus ballivorum firmariorum sive aliorum officiariorum ibidem pro tempore existentium ad termi- nos prefatos per equales portiones), Habeuda tenenda et percipienda omnia et singula dominia maneria et tenementa redditus ac cetei'a premissa cum pertineutiis nee non dictas centum et decern libras annuas de feodi firmis dominii et manerii ac villarum predictarum prefatis presidenti et sociis collegii px'edicti et successoribus suis in liberam puram et perpetuam elemosinam ad sustentationem suam et ceterorum scolarium et capellanorum divina singulis diebus infra collegium predictum — pro prospero statu nostro et prelibate consortis nostre Anne regine Anglie dum vixerimus et pro animabus nostris cum ab hac luce migraverimus, ac etiam pro animabus recolende memorie Ricardi nuper ducis Ebor, patris nostri carissimi et Ricardi nuper comitis Warr. et Sar, patris ipsius consortis nostre, necnon animabus nobilium progenitorum nostrorum et antecessorum nostrorum et omnium fidelium defunctorum — imperpetuum celebraturorum et ■ apud Altissimum deprecaturorum et ad alia onera ac misericordie et pietatis opera ibidem juxta ordinationes et statuta per nos in hac parte ordinanda et superinde statuenda manutenenda subeunda et supportanda, Statuto de terris et tenementis ad manum mortuam non ponen- I dis edito aut eo quod expressa mentio de certitudine et vero valore ' premissorum aut de aliis donis sive concessionibus per nos aut pro- genitores nostros prefatis presidenti et sociis ante bee tempora factis in presentibus minime facta existit, aut aliquo statuto actu ordinatione provisione seu restrictione inde in contrarium edito facto sive ordinato non obstante. Et boc absque fine et feodo inde ad opus nostrum in hanaperio ; nostro seu alibi capiendis seu solvendis. I ■ In cujus rei testimonium lias literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium quinto die Julii anno , regni nostri secundo Davyson per breve de privato sigillo et de data predicta auctoritate parliaments • I. -: ^ - 7—2 100 Some of these estates belonged originally to Anne daughter of Kichard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick and Albemarle (ob. 1439), and sister of Henry duke of Warwick (ob. 1445). She married Kichard Nevill, eldest son of Eichard Nevill earl of Salisbury, who in 1449 on the death of Anne daughter and heir to the duke of Warwick was created earl of Warwick, and became possessed of all the estates of his brother-in-law, and who was killed fighting against Edward IV. at the battle of Barnet in 1471. ' After his death, his countess underwent no little distress, being constrained to take sanctuary in the abbey of Beaulieu in Hampshire, where she continued for a long time in a very mean condition; and thence privately got into the north, where also she abode in great straights; all her vast inheritance being by authority of parliament' (Rot Pari. 14. Ed. 4. n. 20) 'taken from her, and settled upon Isabel and Anne, her two daughters and heirs, as if she her- self had been naturally dead' (Dugdale, Bar. i. 248. 306). Of these Isabella was the duchess of Clarence, having married in 1469 George brother of Edward IV, while Anne was wife first of Edward prince of Wales, who was killed after the battle of Tewkesbury 1471, and afterwards (in 1473) of Kichard duke of Gloucester. It was out of these lands of the countess of Warwick thus in the possession of queen Anne, that Kichard III. granted to the college the manor of Covesgrave, the lordship of Stanford, and other estates. This grant must have been intended some time previously to the date of the above deed, as it is mentioned in the fol- lowing terms in the decree of the University of 16 March, 1 Kic. III. 1483-4 acknowledging the king's various bene- factions : ' Whereas the most renowned Prince the King of England and France and Lord of Ireland, after the conquest the Third, has conferred very many benefits upon this his University of Cambridge, and especially has lately liberally and devoutly founded exhibition for four priests in the Queens' college: and now also the most serene Queen Anne, consort of the same Lord the King (that most pious King consenting and greatly favouring) has augmented and endowed the same college with great rents....' (Cooper, Ann. i. 228-9). loi This decree is dated nearly four months before the king's patent. In the inventory of college plate of 1544 [Misc. A. fo. 39 b.] this item occurs : Item antiquum sigillum argenteum ex dono Ricardi scdi R. Anglie insculptum porcellis seu apris. The word ' secundi ' is evidently a clerical error for * tertii,' as a boar was not Richard II's badge, and the college was not in existence in his time. This seal has long been lost, and no impression of it has been found. Eichard III. also gave to the chapel many vestments for the officiating clergy. Fuller {Hist, of the Univ. sub anno 1448) ascribes to him the grant of another coat of arms, which the college bears : * No Colledge in England hath such exchange of Coats of Armes as this hath, giving sometimes the Armes of Jeo'usalem (with many others quartered therewith) assigned by Queen Margaret, their first Foundresse. It giveth also another distinct coat, (viz.) a Crosier, and Pastorall Staffe Saltyre, piercing through a Boars head in the midst of the Shield. This I humbly conceive bestowed upon them by Richard the third (when iindertaking the Patronage of this foundation) in allusion to the Boar, which was his Crest; and wherein those Church implements disposed in Saltyre or in form of St. Andrews Crosse, might in their device relate to Andrew Duclcet so much meriting of this foundation. However at this day the Colledge waves the wearing of this Coat, laying it up in her Ward- robe, and makes use of the former only.' I As the bursars' books first begin in 1484, it is only here ; and there that we meet with a notice of members of Queens' college before that year. The only fellows (besides the very earliest ones) whose i names occur, are the fellows of lady Margery Eoos mentioned ' in her will : Dr Thomas Duffield, Mr John Rypplyngham, Dr Thomas Mawdislay, Mr Bewice, and possibly Mr William New- man : the three last are not elsewhere mentioned as fellows of ; Queens' college. 102 Kalph Scrope, Ralph Shaw, Walter Oudeby, Thomas Wil- kinson, and William Bond, clerks, who are mentioned in dif- ferent deeds as closely connected with the college, were probably also fellows. In the list of proctors we find Ralph Songer in 1475, and Gerald Borell in 1477, who were fellows in 1484. In bishop Gray's register we find no mention of members of Queens' college ordained between 14G4 and 1477 except perhaps Ralph Songar who is however described as ' Socius Collegii Regal. Cantebr.' (MS. Add. [Cole] 5826, p. 202). ' An. 1465 Mr Henricus Cacus, Prior S. Marias de Overesse et quondam de Collegio Regin. incipit in Theologia' (MS. Baker, xlii. 159. Grace book A). This was probably the same as Henry de Burton, who became Prior in 1462 and died 1486 (Dugd. Mon. ed. Caley, vi. 169. Information from C. H. Cooper esq.). ^ Hugh Oldham, bishop of Exeter 1504-19 is said to have been a member of Queens' college (Cooper, Ath. i. 21. Oliver, Exeter, 117). He does not appear to have been a benefactor to the college, though so liberal a contributor towards the founda- tion of Corpus Christi college Oxford and the founder of a free school at Manchester. In the first grace book of the university (A) We find the dates of the degrees of several persons, who were fellows in 1484. During the presidentship of Andrew Doket the College made use of two difierent seals. The first which in character resembles that of St Bernard's college dates probably from 1448. It is circular, 2| in. in diameter and bears the following inscription in gothic letters. _ ^igniu toe p'stont* I socior'.* colkgii wgmalCs m margarete t set fjnnartfi tre cantcbrig : In the centre of the field St Margaret, thrusting her crozier into the dragon's mouth, and St Bernard with his book and 103 pastoral staflf stand side by side tinder handsome canopies. Beneath them are the arms of Lorraine. The president kneels on the sinister, the four fellows on the dexter side of the shield. At the sides of the centre canopies are two much smaller ones filled with angels kneeling in adoration. The workmanship is very good. . I The second seal dates probably from the time when queen Elizabeth Wydeville assumed the patronage. It is a little arger than the previous one. Its inscription in gothic letters is SbigiUu colkgti wginah's: scor' tnatgarett tt btxnmXii can= tebn'gie : i In the centre, St Margaret and St Bernard stand under canopies, and at the sides are other canopies containing figures holding shields, that on the dexter side containing the arms of England, that on the sinister side those of Wydeville. Below jthe two saints is a shield with the arms of London. ! The workmanship is somewhat inferior to that of the earlier seal. 104 Nov. 1484— Apr. 1505. 2 Ric. III.— 20 Hen. VII. |NDREW DOKET died 4 Nov. 1484, and, as we have seen, recommended in his will Thomas Wil- kynson as his successor in the presidentship : ' Quan- tum in me est precipio omnibus sociis dicti collegii, ut meum post decessum eligant in presidentem dicti collegii meum successorem magistrum Thomam Wilkynson.' The statutes of 1475 enjoin the election of the new president on the eighth day after a vacancy, so that we may assume 11 Nov. as the day of Thomas Wilkynson's accession to the presidentship. He was not in Cambridge at the time, as in the bursars' accounts of 1484-85 (I. M. J. fo. 31.) we find this item: Item pro expensis servi mri Johannis Kepplyngham, equitantis pro Eoagistro ad suam electionem ijl iiij**. The college of Thomas Wilkynson and the dates of his de- grees are not anywhere recorded ; he is described on his monu- mental brass as M.A., yet he seems to have taken the degree of B.D. in 1479 from the following notice in Grace Book A, p. 58. (in the office of the registrary of the university) under that year : Concess. M, Wilkynson quod possit in<;ipere in theologia. It is not impossible that he had been a fellow of Queens' college, as in a deed of 1480 he is associated with J. Ripplingham and Ralph Songar, who were undoubtedly fellows. At the time of his election he held the rectory of Harrow- on-the-hiU^ a sinecure to which he had been presented 5 Feb. 105 1478-9 by Cardinal Bourchier, on the death of Thomas Win- terbourne, dean of St Paul's (Newcourt i, 637). Besides the rectory of Harrow-on-the-hill, Thomas Wil- kynson also held the rectory of Orpington, Kent, and the prebend of Studley Magna in the collegiate church of St Peter, and St Wilfrid at Ripon. He was appointed rector of Orping- ton in 14,.., and resided there in part, as appears from the follow- ing entry in the bursars' accounts (I. M. J. 1497-98, fo. 121). Item in expensis m^. J. Jenyn [the senior bursar] in itinera ad Horpington, ut patet per billam x^ i''. The prebend of Ripon church, vacant Sept. 1510 by the death of Richard Bryndholm, he obtained on 11 Jan. 1510-1, after he had ceased to be president of Queens' college. He resided chiefly at Harrow, whence he visited the college for elections to fellowships, Stourbridge fair, and the audits : I. M. J. 1493-91 fo. 85. Item pro expensis Tho^ Pate [biblio- tiste] equitantis in Harwe ad presidentem collegti ij^ ix**. 1494-95. fo. 94. b. Item solutum magistro nostro quum venit pro electione sociorum pro expensis suis xiij\ iiij^ I. M. J. 1501-02. fo. 148. Item Johannis Lane pro feno equorum M. presidentis in nundinis Sterbrig. anno xvj° regis nunc ij^ iij* 1503-04. fo. 164. b. Pro vino efc succar' et serevisia tempore quo M'. president erat hie in quadrag' V. Uxori Roberti Cori pro lotione vestium M. presidentis erga ad- ventum ejus ad nundinas et pro expolitione pelvis et lavatorii et candelabri iiij\ fo. 165. [Mro Yomanj pro vino pro M. presidente tempore nun- dinarum Sterbrigge viij**. 1504-05, fo. 178. b. Item pro expensis mri Wilkynson, tunc presidentis, tempore quo erat Cantibrigie propter electionem sociorum [Easter 1505. 23 March] ut patet per billam xxv^ vii**. After the election, John Ripplingham and William Thur- kylle, the executors of Andrew Doket's will, renounced their trust, and letters of administration were granted 23 Apr. 1485 by Thomas Tuppyn, D.D. vice-chancellor of the university, to Mr Wilkynson, the president, and Ralph Songer, Dionysius Spycer, and Hugh Trotter, clerks, and all and singular the fellows of the college. 106 |HE presidentship of Mr Wilkynson began under most favourable auspices for the prosperity of the college. Richard duke of Gloucester, who had shewn so much favour to the college, had lately (26 June 1483) ascended the throne ; in order to strengthen his position, he strove to pro- pitiate the clergy and people of England by munificent grants for religious and educational purposes, and his queen maintain^ ing the position of foundress and patroness of the college, which seemed to have become a tradition with the queens of England, was pleased to continue the good offices of her predecessors to- wards it. ' After this bloody act. King Richard endeavoured to render himself popular. First, by making good laws in that sole Parliament kept in his Reign,... yet this would not ingra- tiate this Usurper with [the people], the dullest nostrils resent- ing it done, not for love of vertue, but his own security... Next he endeavoured to work himself into their good will, by erecting and endowing of Religious Houses; so to plausiblelize himself, especialy among the Clergy.... He is said also to have given to Queens College in Cambridge five hundred marks of yearly rent {Stow in his Annals, p. 470); though at this time, I believe, the College receives as little benefit by the Grant, as Richard had right to grant it. For, it was not issued out of his own purse, but given out of the lands of his enemy, the unjustly proscribed Earl of Oxford; who being restored by Henry the Seventh, made a resumption thereof (Fuller, Ch. Hist, sub anno 1484). And R. Parker in his Skeletos (Leland, Collect. [Hearne] V. 226) says, 'Nee his contentus, ut aliquo sanctitatis artificio crudelitatis su£e maculam expungeret, pergrande illud ac hono- rarium Johannis Vere 13*" Comitis Oxonii patrimonium cum omnibus Dominiis, Maneriis, Castris et Feodis, quia S. Mi- chaelis montem in Cornwallia contra Edwardum 4*"™ in belli sedem elegerit, ac Lancastriensi familise semper tenaciter adhse- serat, Collegio huic donavit. Quod tamen Henricus Septimus regale solium expetens, quasi hereditarium Comiti restituit' As we have seen, some part at least of the estates granted in 1484 had belonged to the queen's mother, the countess of Warwick. 107 The grant made to the college was a very large one, but more in appearance than in reality, as on 1 March, 2 Ric. III. 1484-5 the college granted to William Catesby, ' armiger pro corpore domini regis', and to John Catesby of Olthorp a per- petual lease of the manor and advowson of Buckby with 1000 acres of land, 1000 acres of pasture, 100 acres of wood, and ' viginti libratas redditus ' in Buckby for the sum of £60 per annum. Besides on 3 March the college granted to William Catesby a life annuity of £4 out of this rent, ' pro bono concilio et favore, que dictus Willelmus nobis impendit, et de ipso in posterum habere confidimus.' The first of the two deeds is as follows: Hec indentura facta primo die Martii anno regni regis Kicardi tercii post conquestum Anglie secundo inter presidentem et socios Regirialis collegii sancte Margarete et sancti Barnardi confessoris in universi- tate domini regis Cant, ex una parte et "Wyllelmum Catysby armi- gerum pro corpore dicti domini regis et Johannem Catysby de Olthorp ex altera parte testatur, Quod predict! presidens et socii eorum communi assensu et consensu per presentes dederunt concesserunt et confirmaverunt prefatis Willelmo et Johanni manerium de Bukby cum pertinentiis et advocationem ecclesie ejusdem manerii ac mille acras terre mille acras pasture centum acras bosci et viginti libratas redditus cum pertinentiis in Bukby in com. North., Habenda et tenenda manerium advocationem et tenementa predicta cum perti- nentiis prefatis Willelmo et Johanni heredibus et assignatis suis imperpetuum, reddendo inde annuatim eisdem president! et sociis et successoribus suis sexaginta libras ad festa Pasche et sancti Michaelis archangel! equis portionibus : et si contingat redditum ipredictum a retro fore in parte vel in toto dictis president! et sociis aut eorum successoribus ad aliquod festiim quo (ut premittitur) solvi debeat non solutum, tunc bene licebit eisdem president! et sociis iet successoribus suis in manerio et tenementis predictis et in qualibet inde parcella pro hujusmod! redditu a retro existente distringere et districtiones sic captas abducere efFugare et retinere quousque de redditu illo sic a retro existente eis plene solutum fuerit et satis- factum. Et quotiens contingat redditum predictum a retro fore in parte vel in toto per spatium dimidii unius ann! post aliquod festum quo solvi debeat (ut predictum est) prefatis president! et sociis et eorum successoribus non solutum, totiens predict! Willelmus Catysby 108 et Johannes heredes vel assignati sui reddent de eisdem manerio et tenementis prefatis president! et sociis et successoribus suis quinque libras legalis monete nomine pene et totiens bene licebit eisdem president! et sociis et successoribus suis in manerio et tenementis predictis et in qualicet inde parcella pro bujusmodi quinque libris distringere et districtiones proinde captas abducere effugare et penes se retinere quousque eis de eisdem quinque libris plene solutum fuei'it et satisfactum : Et ulterius predict! presidens et soeii per presentes constituerunt et in loco suo posuerunt Willelmum Staverton et Thorn am Norys suos veros et legitimes atturnatos conjunctim et divisim ad intrandum in predictum manerium terras et tenementa ac seisinam et possessionem inde eorum nominibus et vice capiendum et post hujusmod! ingressum et seisinam sic inde capfcos et habitos ad deliberandum inde plenam seisinam et possessionem prefatis Willelmo Catysby et Johanni Catysby juxta vim formam et effectum presentis indenture. In cujus re! testimonium un! parti presentium indenturarum penes predictos Willelmum Catesby et Johannem re- manent! predict! presidens et soci! sigillum suum commune apposue- runt : alter! vero parti earundem indenturarum penes eosdem presi- dentem et socios remanent! predict! Willelmus Catesby et Johannes sigilla sua apposuerunt. Datum die et anno supradictis. ' (Misc. A. fo. 18. b.) The second deed is to the following effect: Omnibus Christ! fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit, presidens et soci! Eeginalis collegii sancte Margarete et sancti Bernard! confessoris in universitate domini regis Cant. Salutem. Cum nos diet! presidens et soci! nuper per scriptum nostrum indentatum cujus data est primo die Martii ultimo preterito dederi- mus et concesserimus Willelmo Catysby armigero pro corpore domini regis et Johanni Catysby de Ollthorp manerium de Bukby cum pertinentiis et advocationem ecclesie ejusdem manerii ac mille acras terre mille acras pasture centum acras bosci et viginti libratas red- ditus cum pertinentiis in Bukby in com. Northampt., Habenda et tenenda eisdem Wyllelmo et Johanni heredibus et assignatis suis imperpetuum et reddendo inde nobis et successoribus nostris sexa- ginta libras ad festa Pasche et sancti Michaelis archangel! equis por- tionibus, prout in scripto illo plenius continetur, Sciatis nos prefatos presidentem et socios pro bono concilio et favore que dictus WU- lelmus nobis impendit et de ipso in posterum habere confidimus, con- ! 109 cessisse eidem Willelmo pro termino vite sue qiiaUior libras annua- tim de predicto redditti sexaginta libraruin, Habendas et percipiendas ac in manibus ipsius Willelmi retinendas iiij"'' libras illas eidem Willelmo ad eundem terminum vite sue ad festa predicta equis por- tionibus. In cujus rei testimonium huic presenti scripto nostro si- gillum nostrum commune apposuimus. Datum tercio die Martii anno regni regis Ricardi tertii post conquestum secundo. (Misc. A. fo. 18.) In Dec. 1484 ' the president and felowes of the Quenes College of Gantebrigge' liad ' a Prive Scale to the Chauncellere of England and to the Maister of the Rolls for the amendment of their Patents of the Lands granted to the said place; by raising out certain words and inserting others in their stede' ;(MS. Harl. 433 fo. 87). ' On . . Feb. 2 Eic. III. 148i-5 the president and fellows had ;a pardon of £20 due to the king, for licence to accord with the queen in a plea of covenant of 4000 acres of land (MS. Harl. 433 fo. 96 b). On 11 Feb. 2 Eic. III. 1484-5 the king gave 'commaund- ment to the Baillieffe of Cosgrave to pay to the president and felowes of the Quenes colledge of Gantebrigge alle such arrerags ias er behinde of the said lordshipe' (MS. Harl. 433 fo. 207). , On 2-3 January, 1484-5, the college granted the right of presentation of the rectory of Stanford Berkshire, for the next turn to Eobert Eipplingham, clerk, and Eobert Maljard, mer- chant of Scarborough. The former was brother of John Eipp- lingham, the fellow of the college who in 1480 was deputed to iprocure a copy of the pardon of 1473, and who at this time was one of the priests of king Eichard's foundation. They were sons of William Eipplingham of Kingston-upon-Hull, merchant of the staple of Galais, and were (according to the monumental brass at Stretham Gambridgeshire, of their mother Joan who remarried to John Swan and died 1497) both rectors of Stretham (Cooper, Ath. i. 20. 525). j Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit, nos Thomas Wylkynson presidens et soeii coUegii Reginalis sancto- 110 rum Margarete et Bernardi Cant6brigie, Salutem in Eo qui est om- nium vera salus. Noveritis nos presidentem et socios antedictos unanimi consensu pariter et assensu concessisse et hoc presenti scripto nostro confirmasse Roberto Rypplyngham clerico et Roberto Malyard mercatori de Scarborowe, primam et proximam vacationem et presen- tationem rectorie nostre ecclesie parocbialis de Stanford in comitatu Berk., cum rectoria ilia per mortem cessionem resignationem priva- tionem sive dimissionem jam incumbentis seu quovis alio modo proxime vacare contigerit, Habendam et tenendam prefatis Roberto et Roberto ac eorum alteri pro prima et proxima vacatione et una sola vice tantum, Ita quod bene liceat et licebit eisdem Roberto et Roberto ac eorum alteri quamcunque pei-sonam sive clericum ydo- neum ad rectoriam predictam (cum sic proxime vacare contigerit) nomine nostro loci illius diocesano sive in ejus absentia cuicunque alteri potestatem liabenti et pro tempore existenti presentare et no- minare, ac personam sive clericum ilium in rectorem perpetuum dicte rectorie ecclesie predicte cum suis juribus et pertinentiis universis ad legitime instituendum et inducendum facere absque aliqua reclama- tione contradictione seu variatione nostris seu successorum nostrorum in futurum. In cujus rei testimonium huic presenti scripto nostro sigillum nostrum commune unanimi consensu nostro apposuimus. Datum apud Cant, predictam vicesimo iij° die niensis Januarii anno regni regis Ricardi tertii post conquestum Anglie secundo. (Misc. A. fo. 18.) The time during whicli the college possessed the lands of the king's gift was very short, as the grant was made 5 July, 1484, and the king was killed 22 Aug. 1485 ; hence the only accounts of these estates that exist refer to the half-year from Michael- mas 1484 to Easter 1485 ; the second half-year's accounts to Michaelmas were never begun, the property having apparently at once reverted to the original owners or their representatives. I. M. J. fo. 1. Imprimis recepimus de Johanne abbate monasterii beate Marie de Ramesey pro feria et residue ferie Sancti Yvonis pro termino sancti Michaelis xxv'\ Item de dominio de Stanefoi'de et de preposito ejusdem ville xxxij'\ xV. Item de ballivo de Depyng, Barthawme, Stowe et Sheldyn- thorp ix''. ix°. yj''. Item de ballivo de Alysbery xxx"*. Mi Ill Item de ballivo de Newton in comitatii Suff. xi''. Item de M. W. Catesby pro firma feodi de Bukby in Com. North xx". Item de E-uggely ballivo de Covesgrave in Comitatu North iiij". xiij'. iiij^ Summa cxxxij". xvij^ x'^. The yearly value therefore was £265. 15s. 8c?., a very large income for a time when the value of the fellowships of the king's previous foundation was only £8 a year, while for many years later the yearly income of the college did not ■ exceed £200. • ' The king apparently intended to give the college a fresh body of statutes, or at least to supplement those of 1475 by a set regulating the new endowment, as in his grant to the college we find that its revenues were to be applied ' juxta ordi- nationes et statuta per nos in hac parte ordinanda et superiude I statuenda manutenenda subeunda et supportanda.' The expences attending the king's gift were very great, thus I. M. J. fo. 1. b, we find, Inprimis m™ Johanni Replyngham pro expensis suis circa eadem dominia et inplacitationes eorundera xlix^. iij^ viij'^. Item M. Hugoni Trotter pro expensis suis circa eadem dominia vj'\ xv*. Item 4°^^ magistris equitantibus apud Notyngham cum domino rege pro eadem materia (ma''') ex mandato regis xh Item mro Clementi pro labore suo ad instructiones faciendas xv^ Item pro expensis mri Replyngham apud London per triginta dies pro finibus solvendis pro eisdem dominiis vj". viij**. ob. Item secretario domini regis pro Uteris regiis xvj^ viij^ Item clerico mri Catesby pro scriptura indenturarum ... iijl iiij**. Item pro privato sigillo vj°. viij**. Item pro acquietancia mri Catesby iij"*. Item pro iudeuturis inter collegium et furni Catesby iij^ i"*. Item clerico mri Hyham pro labore suo ij\ viij"*. The total of the page is £68. 12s. 3|d 112 In the first bursars' day-book (T. M. J.) the accounts of the 'antiqua dotatio' (comprising the private foundations and the duke of Gloucester's gift) and of the ' nova dotatio' are kept separately: the latter on fo. 1-12. On fo. 4 we find : Solutiones coinmuniarum pro sociis ex fundatibrie Anne regine post festum annunciationis et sisationum pro dietis eorundem sociorum. Inprimis in septimana annunciationis beati Marie vel ra- tnis palm arum numero sociorum xv et s' pro q°libet semper xij'^ xv^ vj*. Item pro sisatione collegii eadem sep^ vij**. ob. q*. It' in sep* Pasche pro xj sociis xj^ It' pro sisatione collegii vij^ It' in sep* assentionis pro cois xxix xxix«. It' pro sisatione collegii iiij'. ix*. ob. q. It' in sep''. SCI Thoe pro cois xxxiij xxxiij'. It' pro sisatione collegii i*^. ob. Whether from these extracts we may infer that there were as many as 33 fellows of queen Anne's foundation or not, it seems difiicult to say. The number is large, and the income of the foundation would hardly provide a stipend equal to that of the rest of the society. No name of any fellow of the foundation of queen Anne has come down to us, except Uldall. I. M. J. fo. 12 b. Titulus solutionum sociorum ex fundatione Anne regine Anglie It' solutum est D. Uldall per manus inri Johannis Replyng- ham vj'. viij*. On 16 March 1484-5 died Anne Neville queen of Eichard III., being (as in the following reign was believed) poisoned to make way for his marriage with Elizabeth, the eldest daughter of his brother King Edward IV. We find the following reference to the queen's death : I. M. J. fo. 2. Item pro expensis...m" Hugonis [Trotter] equi- tantis London, per tres dies cum magistro, tempore mortis regine Anne et conductu equorum iiij^ ij • 113 Item pro expensis m" Replyngham idem, tempore mortis regine xix^ iiij''. Fo. 7 b. Inprimis pro oblationibus ad 4°"' missas solemniter celebratas iufra mensem post mortem regine Anne xiij**. In the bursars' accounts of the 'nova dotatio' during the reign of E,i chard III. we find the following items : — • I. M. J. 1484-85, fo. 10. Imprimis pro expensis mri presidentis in supervisione dominiorum per mensem vj". xij^ xj^ Item m" Gree eunti London, in negotiis collegii cum consilio regio x^ i Item m" Hugoni Trotter eunti London, se 2'^" xj dies in I - negotiis collegii cum consilio regio pro terris cum conductu equorum per xj dies xviij^ ij**. Item mro Ricardo Straytberytt pro expensis suis London, per 3®' sept''", se 2° cum conductu equorum cum consilio regio... xxij^ A further reference to the Yorkist dynasty is under the head of 'Titulus exequiarum antique dotationis'. I. M. J. 1484-85, fo. 27 b. Item pro exequus duels Ebor'... xvij'*. By the duke of Gloucester's deed of gift the exequi£e of his father the duke of York were to be observed on the eve of St Sylvester 30 Dec. S has been said, the time during which the college held possession of the last gift of Richard was very short : for once more the house of York had to give place to the rival line, and on 22 Aug. 1485 the battle of Bosworth-field gave the English crown to Henry, earl of Richmond : by his marriage with Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV. and queen Elizabeth Wydeville, he obtained an additional title to the throne, while the parliament which met at Westminster on 7 Nov. 1485, tired of war and change, and disgusted with the miseries of the last thirty years, was only too eager to confirm him in his possession of it by the act conferring the crown on him. And now the prosperity which had depended on Richard's life came to an end. All the estates with which he had 114 endowed the college as duke and as king were taken away from it, * the college no whit grieving thereat, as sensible no ■ endowment can be comfortable, which consists not with equity and honour' (Fuller). In the first parliament of Henry VII. which met 7 Nov. 1485 the earl of Oxford on his petition was restored to all his possessions and honours {Rot. Pari. 1 Hen. VII. m. 10), and all grants made by his mother's feoffees to the duke of Gloucester were declared void. The following extract from the petition refers to the lands which the duke had given to the college : — Furthermore, where Elizabeth late Countess of Oxenford de- cessed, moder of the said John Yeer, whose heire he is, for the true and faithfuU Allegeaunce and service, the whiche as well shee, as the same John Veer, owed and did to the forsaid most blessed Prince King Herrie, was so manassed, put in feare of her lyfe, and ympri- soned by Richai'd the III late in dede and not of right King of England, whilsh hee was Duke of GIouc' in such tyme as the same John Veer was not att his Libertee, but in Prisone, for that drede, and by meane of the same, the same Countess, in Salvacion of her Lyfe was compelled to do and make, and cause her FeoflFees to do and make, such State, Releases and Confirmacons and other thynges, to thesaid late Duke of Glouc' and other to his use, of divers Lord- shipps, Manuors, Lands, Tennements and Hereditaments of inheret- aunce, as by the same late Duke and his Councell was advised, as hit is notoriously and openly known e, ayenst all reason and good con- 1 science ; whereby the said John Veer, is likely to be disinherit of > grete part of his inheritaunce, unless some remedie be for him pro- 1 vided by auctoritee of Parlement in thys behalf. Please hit youre ( Highness... to ordeine establish and enacte that all Estates, Releases,; Confirmacons and other things doone or made or suffered to be done ' or made, by the said Countess or by anie Feoffee or Feoffees anie f tyme to her use, of any Castles, Lordships, Manners, Landes, Tenne- < ments, or Hereditaments, of her or of any other to hir use to the for- ' said late Duke of Glouc', or to any other to his use, be utterly voide, and of no force ne effecte. {Rot. Pari. vi. 281. Pro comite Oxon' et al'.) 115 In order to take away all doubt as to the countess' rights, in the parliament of 1495 the following act was passed : — 11 Hm. VII. c. 38. Pro comite Oxen. To the right discrete comons in this present parliament assembled. : Where Elizabeth Countesse of Oxenford decessed, Moder to John Qowe Erie of Oxenford, whose heire he is, and divers persones feoffees to her use, of and in divers Manoris, Londs, Tenementis and other Hei'editamentis with their appertenaunces of her enheritaunce, weer by Richard late in dede and not of right King of Englond, while he was Duke of Gloucetir, of his inordynate covetyse and ungodely dispo- sicion, for the true and feithfull alliegeaunge and service the whiche isweil she, as John late Erie of Oxenford her husbond, as the seid aowe Erie then not at his libertie, owed and did to the moste blessid ind cristen Prince King Henry the vj*", enforsed by greate threttis ind heynous manasse of losse of lyfe and by imprisonement, to doo ind make suche estates releasses confirmacions and other thinges ;0 the seid late Duke and other to his nse, as the seid late Duke ind his councell wold advyse; In cousideracion wherof at a )arliament holden at Westminster the vij'' day of November the first /ere of the raign of the King our Sovereign Lorde that now is, jt was ordeyned and stablisshed by auctorite of the same parlia- nent amonge other thingis that all states releasses confirmacions md other thmgis don and made or sufired to be don or made by he seid Countesse, or by any feofiee or feofiees at any tyme to her ise, of any Castellis Manoris Londes Tenementis or Hereditamentis io the seid Duke of Gloucetyr or any other to his use, shuld )e utterly voide and of noe force ne efiecte, as in the same acte is ixpressed more at large; and hou be it that then it was and yet ^s pleynly and notoriusly knowen by greate parte of this Realme, hat suche states releasses confirmacions and other thingis as wears nade by the seid Countes and her seid feofiees, of her inheritaunce to he seid Duke, were made by compulcion cohercion and emprisone- aent as is before seid, yet ther was noe mencion made of recorde of ny witnesse or prove therof, the which myght remayne hereafter to he perpetuell evidence and knowledge of the same, Therfor their be omen at thynstaunce and desire of the said Erie into this present larliament divers WorshipfuU and credible pei-sones, that is to sey, ames Tyrell Knyght, John Risley Knyght, William Tuustall, 8—2 116 William Paston, John Power, esquiers, and Kerry Robson gentilman, j whiche testyfie and witnesse, that the seid estates releasses confirma- ; cions and other thinges were made aswell by the seid Countesse as . by her seid feoffees, by compulcion cohercion and ymprisonement and other jeoberdies and daungers put to fchem in that behalfe; In | Consideracion of all which by advyse and assent of the Lordes spi- '< rituell and temporell and the Comons in this present parliamt > assembled and by thauctorite of the same, it be enacted ordeyned i and establisshed that the forseid acte made in the forseid parliament:; holden the forseid vij'*^ day of Novembr the forseid first yere, be ratified -; confermed and in full strength and vertue ; and all astates releasses - confirmacions and other thinges made by the seid Countesse or any ;l bther feoffee or feoffes to her use, be utterly voide and of no force ' ne effecte; And also that all states releasses titles possessions and , discentes made growen or had, after the forseid states releasses con- i firmacions and other thingis made by the seid Countesse or any ! feoffe or feoffees to her use of or in any parte of the premysses and j before the forseid acte made in the said parliament holden the seid vij'^ day of Novembr be voide and of noe force ne effecte, and be not [ to the seid nowe Erie nor his heires hurtfuU ne prejudicial!. Savyng to every of the Kings liege people, other then such whose i title therof or any parte therof had begynnyng after the said states | releases confirmacions and other things made by the said Countesse, or her seid feoffees, to the seid Duke or any other to his use, and before the seid acte made in the seid parliament holden the said vij'" day, such right title and interesse as they or any of them myght haveu had, if this acte were not made ne hadde. We Jamys Tyrell, John Eisley Knightis, William Tunstall,; William Paston, John Power Esquiers, and Kerry Robson gentil-i; man, and every of us, seyen and depose as wee woll answere before God upon our conscience, that all astates releasses and confirmacionsi and other thingis made as well by Elizabeth Countesse of Oxenfordj late moder to John Erie of Oxenford that nowe is as by all hei feoffees seised to her use, of and in all suche Castellis Manoris Lord', shippes Londes and Tenementes, Rentes service and other heredita^tj mentis, which were of her enheritaunce to Richard late Duke o, Glouc. and to every other persone or persones by hym named anti assigned, were by cohercion compulcion and ther jeopardies anc daungiers put to the seid Countesse and her seid feoffees in tha^i behalfe by the seid late Duke. Subscriptio testium. Rysley sir J 117 Jamys Tyrell. William Pastou. John Power. Heny Robson. Also I William Tiinstall depose as I will aunswere before God after my conscience, that the seid Countesse and her feoffees was compelled as is aforesaid. {Statutes of the Reahn, ii. 605). Elizabeth countess of Oxford, as has been ah-eadj men- tioned, was wife of John II. earl of Oxford, who was beheaded 26 Feb. 1461-2. Their son was John III., who in 1470 took part with the Lancastrian party, and after the battle of Barnet retired to Cornwall, where he held St Michael's Mount against Edward IV. Being compelled to surrender, he was attainted and imprisoned in the castle of Hamms in Picardj, Avhence in 1484 he escaped, and joining Hemy earl of Richmond assisted him in his invasion of England. On the earl becoming king, he was rewarded with grants of land and high offices of state : he died 10 March, 1512. His first wife Margaret was daughter of Richard earl of Salisbury and sister of Richard earl of Warwick the king-maker (Dugdale, Bar. i. 188, 304). As regards the property which had belonged to the countess of Warwick, the king in the third year of his reign procured an act of parliament annulling the former one of 14 Edw. IV. which conferred her estates on her daughters the duchesses of Clarence and of Gloucester (queen Anne), ' as against all reason conscience and course of nature, and contrary to the laws of God and man'. And in consideration of the true and faithful , service and allegiance by her borne to Henry VI., as also tiiat I she never gave cause to such disherison, he restored unto her the possession of her inheritance with the power to alienate the same or* any part thereof: she did not however enjoy it long, as the same year, by a special feoffment bearing date 13 Dec. and a fine thereupon, she conveyed it wholly to the king, entailing it upon the issue male of his body, with re- mainder to herself and her heirs. The lordships contained in that grant are enumerated in Dugdale, Bar. i. 307, {Rot. Pari. 'vi. 391). I ' The following entries in the bursars' accounts may possibly 118 refer to some proceedings on the part of the college with respect to the act of resumption : — I. M, J, 1484-85, fo. 31 b. Item solutum magistro pro expensis ejus in negotiis coUegii, ut patet perbillam '^iij'^- xij^ x**. Item pro expensis Hugonis Trotter, London, per xij dies pro materia collegii in principio parliamenti ultra negotia propria xj^ iij"*. 1485-86, fo. 39. Item nuncio ferenti literas magistro presidenti, London ij^ Thus of all the gifts of Eichard III. nothing now remains in the college, and the onlj memorial which it possesses of him is a letter directed to it bj him, recommending William Ustwayte, , B.A. for election to a fellowship. It is dated 29 Dec. only, which (as the king's reign falls between 26 June, 1483, and 22 Aug. 1485) may be either in 1483 or 1484. It is on paper very much decayed. By the King. Trusty and welbeloved we grete you wele. The good and ver- tueux disposicion, Vhiche oure welbeloved S"" William TJstwayte bacheler of arts by credible report unto Us made is reputed to be of, with the right herty affeccion that he hath unto lernyng and for other spial causes, move Us to write unto you at this time, Desiring and I hertily praiengyou, that (such persons prefered whom we hertofor by oure other Ires have recomended unto you) ye will doo the said S'' ' William to be elect among you as oon of the felowes of our college 5I that w' all such rightes and dueties as to a felowof the same belongen, ,; wherein ye shall ministre unto Us thing of right sin^ier pleasir w' ' des'^vyng oure spial thankes. Yeven under our signet at our palois i\ of Westm"" the xxix*' day of December. Addressed: To our trusty and welbeloved the Master and felowes of o'' college called the Quenes College in o'' vmiv^'site of Cambrigge. In 1484 the bursars' account books, called the 'Magnum Journale,' begin, from which many facts connected with the 119 private life of the college have been derived. The first volume contains the accounts of the years 1484-1518. From the first half-year's account, from Michaelmas 1484 to Easter 1485, we learn that 17 fellowships were in existence at that time, founded as follows : 4 endowed by Richard duke of Gloucester. 5 ... ' ... Lady Margery Roos. 2 Dr John Druell. I 1 ... ■ . . . John Collinson, archdeacon of Northampton. I 1 ... ... John Alfray, gent. 1 ... ... John Barby. 1 Dr William Syday. 1 ... ... William Grene, esq. 1 ... ... Lady Alice Wyche. I We find however I. M. J. 1484-85, fo. 27. b, under ' Titulus lexequiarum antique dotationis' : Item pro exequiis Mfi Druell [Jan. 22] s. (soluturo) xix 1 sociis xix^ In the following years two fellows of Collinson's foundation me mentioned till 1492. I These 17 fellowships were soon reduced to 13 by the loss of the 4 royal fellowships. In 1485 the Otware fellowship appears, but in the following year it was united with the Barby fellow- ship. Although the Marke fellowship was in a manner endowed in 1471, it was only in 1490 that it was filled. Soon after that date, the founders of the fellowships, which the several members jof the society held, are no longer mentioned. In 1491 the lady Joan Ingaldesthorpe, relict of sir Edmund Ingaldesthorpe of Burgh-Green, Cambridgeshire, aunt and co- lieiress of Edward Tiptoft, earl of Worcester, and cousin of lady Margery Roos, founded a fellowship. By a quadripartite in- denture made between the lady Joan Ingaldesthorpe, tlie college, the wardens of the goldsmiths' gild in London and the convent of the Dominicans within Ludgate in London, the lady Joan Ingaldesthorpe gave the manor of Great Eversden for the endow- ;ment of a priest ' at the least a scholar of divinity,' to sing and 120 pray for the soul of the said dame Jane, John late earl of Worces- ter, Edmund Ingaldesthorpe, Kt, and Geoffry Downes, to have 10 marks for his salary ; the college was also to pay yearly to the friars, by the hands of the wardens of the goldsmiths' company, the sum of 20 marks, 10 marks whereof ' shalbe imployed and remay to the weall and profittes of the saide hous and convent,' of the remaining 10 marks £3. 6s, 8c?. was to be the salary of two friars daily saying mass, 265. 8d. to be distributed on St Luke's day among tlie friars, and 40s. to be the salary of : a schoolmaster. The college further agreed to keep ' an obite • of placebo and dirige solemply by note and messe of requiem on the morwe also by note, and after the seid messe of requiem . so seid the said fellows to have at there dyner amonges them iij galons of wyne.' The deed is dated 5 Nov. 7 Hen. VII. 1491, and is referred to in the following extract : — I. M. J. 1491-92, fo. 72. b. It' proscriptura cuiusdam indenture i dile Yngyllsthorpe vj''. ; In John Abbot of the monastery of St Augustine, Can- ; terbury, ' considering the gret and manifold benefits don and ' shewed for the como weale and profet of [the] monasteri by the ; charitable person Geffrey Downes esquier,' promised by bond to , Thomas Wilkynson, president of the college, under the common i} seal to provide for tlie saying of certain prayers for the soule of f dame Jane Ingaldesthorpe, Geoffrey Downes and all Christian il souls and also to present to the rectory of St Andrew's Canter- ji bury when void one of the fellows of Queens' college, with a s; preference to the fellow of lady Joan Ingaldesthorpe's founda- .-, tion. The college presented two of its members, but lost the i right at the dissolution of the monastic houses. (Statutes of 1529, p. 51.) , Dame Jane Ingaldesthorpe likewise, on 24 June, 8 Hen. VII. iu 1493, endowed the prior and convent of Ely with certain lands r in Dullingham and Burwell in Cambridgeshire for the salary of > Is. a week of two priests, ' brethren of the said prior,' to pray for the souls of herself, John earl of Tiptoft, and Joyce his wife, and . of John late earl of Worcester. At the obit, the prior was to ; 121 divide among the monks IQs. 8d., to give to the sexton for wax 20d, to the ringers 12c?., to the poor 33s. 4 beyng present gave their attendance in the Habit of the Ordre as apperteyneth, and roode from the Kyngs Logginge to the Chappell of the Kyngs- Colledge, which was for the same cause : ready appointed with Scochins [of the knights companions 3i arms], as ys yerely accustomed. The Byshopp of Rochestre, ; being there Chaunceller, did the Divine Service, both the Even, the Day, both at Mattens &c. and sang the Mass of Requiem on the Morrow.' (Ashmole, Instit. &c.. of the order of the Garter, 558, 487; Cooper, Ann. i. 281..) The following extracts from the bursars' accounts seem to refer to this visit : — I. M. J. 1505-06, fo. 186. Item fabro pro clausuris fenestrarum vitrorum in camera regine erga adventum domini regis ... iij'. 137 fo. 18T. Item mag™. Pawne pro vectioiie ornamentorum tem- pore regis viij**, 1506-07, fo. 194 b^ is this note at the top of the page : — Hoc anno rex H. 7"'. moram traxit in collegio, et episcopus Rof- i fensis presidens collegii moram traxit in domo sancti Michaelis. fo. 197. Item pro constractione metarum erga adventum prin- cipis iij». Item pro emundatione quarundam camerarum erga adventum regis vij^ 1507-08, fo. 202. Item pro allocatione cois servientis m" pro tem- pore, quo rex erat Cantibrigie viij**. N 1508 bishop Fisher resolved to resign the president- ship, and sent notice of his intention to the society by John Jenyn, one of the body, who eventually became master of the college. Hereupon the society sent him the fol- lowing letter dated 14 June, 1508; — Heverendo in Christo patri nostro ac domino, presidique facile meritissimo, domino Johanni, Deo bene consulente Roffensi episcopo, nostroque cancellario cumprimis digno, college Reginalis collegii Cant, unanimiter Salutem et quam amplissimam obedientiam. Retulit pridem nobis Jeninus tuus et idem noster, jussu (ut aiebat) tuo, benigne antistes, parare jam te decessum a nobis huncque presidis locum velle alteri cuipiam designatum iri : nuncium certe nobis omnibus nori tarn novum et inopinatum quam et molestum et iacrimabilem planeque dolorifieum, quippe qui persuasissimiim habemus te nostrum presidem (propter et integritudinem vite bonitatemque singularem, turn ob multijugam eruditionem nominisque celebritatem neque non ingenii consiliique divinitatem quandam, denique ob non modicam auctoritatem) posse prestare nobis quantum aut alius nemo aut sane quam rarus, Nam de te (facessat adulatio) quisquis exemplum capit, baud facile dixerimus an aliunde unquam accepturus est ad probitatem atque adeo omnem animi ingenuam honestissimamque culturam incitabula fomentaque potiora. Porro quod ad collegii negotia pertinet, poteris in illis tractandis etiam si apud nos non intersis, vivacitate ingenii 138 1 perspicacitate consilii ad hec et auctoritate tua, plus unus efficere (et quidem ex sententia animi nostri) quam alii bis mille. Nempe tibi tiibuimus ut nobis nequeat non esse apprime gratum quicquid tu feceris ; sed et nulla re possumus (ita nos Deiis amet) voluptari magis, quam ut te presidem habeamus, quern ut officiose deamamus, ita (meliercules) censemus quovis et amore et lionore dignum; quia te preside atque capite nostro est unde etiam atque etiam veluti qui- busdam admoniti aculeis exagitemur, non mode nos sed et nostri posteri, ut te propositum nobis exemplar et contemplemur crebrius et studiosius imitemur. Quare per Jesum obsecramus age nobis dominum Martinum sanctissimum et clementissimum presulem, qui se exorari passus est a suis, ' Domine (inquiens) si adhuc populo tuo sum necessarius, nou recuse pro eis laborem.' Quod si dixeris, non licere tibi apud nos manere, hoc neque aliis hie multis presulibus licet, neque nos deside- ramus; at manere poterit continuo frugalitas prudentissimi consilii tui, manere poterit et auctoramentum nominis, quo et ipsi famigera- tiores nobilitatioresque evademus et erimus dubio procul ad virtutes bonasque litteras capessendas exhilaratiores. Jam, que tui est animi benignitas ac mansuetudo, noli nos deserere, noli nobis tuis ovibiis non amplius esse pastor, lioli (per misericordissimum Deum !) ita obfirmare te, ut vel nostri non miserearis, vel nostros animos sinas (si modo repulsam patiamur, nostrasque preces simus frustrati) et languidos esse prorsus atque attonitos consternatosque. En nos tue Paternitati deditissimos. In tua manu est situm vel voluptare nos si perrexeris, vel discruciare si cessaveris, idque novit Deus Opti- mus Maximus, qui te beatificet. Cantebrigie sub sigillo nostro communi, postridie Idus Junias anno a Christo nato supra millesimum quingentesimo octavo. per scolasticos tuos. Tlie reference to St Martin in this letter is explained by the following extract from Lectio V. ad Matut. in the Eoman breviarj service for the feast of St Martin of Tours, Nov. 11 : — Post fact us Episcopus Turonensis, monasterium sedificavit, ubi cum octoginta monachis sanctissime aliquamdiu vixit. Qui cum postea ad Candacensem vicum suae DicBcesis in graveni febrim incidisset, assidua Deum oratione precabatur, ut se ex illo mortali carcere libe- raret. Quern audientes discipuli, sic rogabant : ' Cur nos, pater, deseris ? cui nos miseros derelinquis ? ' Quorum voce commotus 139 I Martinus, ita Deum orabat : ' Domine, si adliuc populo tuo sum neces- sarius, non recuse laborem.' The bishop's answer to this appeal is unfortunately lost, how- ever it expressed his unchanged determination to resign. The society then again wrote to him on 19 June offering him the nomination of his successor in the presidentship, as follows : — Reverendo in Chi'isto patri nostro ac domino presidique ac cancel- lario cumprimis insigni, domino Johanni Dei gratia Roifensi episcopo, 5 college Reginalis collegii unanimiter Salutem et obedientiam. Quod nostras litteras tanti feceris et quod in te contulimus vel officii vel pietatis ingente laude fueris prosecutus, carte rem fecisti neque novam neque non precognitam nobis, Quis enim nescit qui modo satis te novit, eam esse bonitatem ingenii tui, que vel ea grata ducat, que non fecisse foret non ingratitudinis modo sed et nefarii scelerisl Itaque sicut alios longo intervallo eruditione politiorique literatura antecedis, ita humanitate certum est evincere. Agnoscimus igitur quanta maxima possumus pietate, ilhistrem tui animi benignitatem ; teque pollicitum esse quibuscunque nostris in rebus tuam operam, velleque inter nos annumerari semper, tarn gratum tamque jocundum est nobis omnibus, quam et optatum et necessarium ; tantumque hoc nomine debemus tibi, quanta te et animi propensione et ardentissima quapiam adversum nos caritate non dubium est promisisse. Quod autem scribis c.onstitutum tibi jam esse et comparatum animo super- sedere hocque magistratu defungi, quamquam perculsi hoc verbo sumus mirum in modum, quamquam constei'nati et vehiti in extasim adacti, tamen ne videamur actum (ut ajunt) agere, frus- traque et importune voluntati tue obstrepere et vel hoc titulo parum tibi esse morigeri, en nos, optime pater, obsequentissimos tibi, nobis utere ut libet : alioquin tantum abest ut tollere abs te ln^nc magistratum [velimus,] ut liberrimam tibi potestatem faciamus designaudi nobis presidis, quicu.nque tibi videbitur decere. Te namque certum habemus neminem esse prepositurum nobis, qui non referat imaginem tui tuasque virtutes aliquatenus scilicet. Proiude quicquid in hac re feceris dictum ac factum puta, idque sub testi- monio non modo sigilli nostri communis sed et nostrarum manuum. Cantebrigie, decimo tertio Kalendas Julias anno Christi mille- simo D. octavo. The bishop accepted the offer, and recommended Dr Robert Bekensaw, fellow of Michaelhouse, his own old college, whom in .140 consequence tlie fellows elected president. The election was notified to the lady Margaret, (whose almoner the new master was at that time or soon after, and who seems to have interested herself in his behalf), to Dr Bekensaw, and to the bishop, in three letters, here following, of which, as of the preceding, the copies or rough drafts exist in Misc. A. fo. 24 b. — 26 b. I. The letter of the fellows to the lady Margaret (not dated). Noble and excellent p''nces, ow' g'cius lady, after most humble submyssion w' dew rev'cy, plesyth yo' goodnes y* where as of late hit lykyd y® ]'ev''ent father in Godde o' specyall good lord bysshop of Rochester to surches and leva y^ p'sidentshipp of o' college to y^ ryght gret lievynes of us all, we upon consyderacion of the assured werte and goodnes of the sayd rev'ent father, and for y^ uteer love which we all have of deute unto hym, gave hym full power to assyne and chose for his successau'' amowng us whom so ev'' hit wold plese hym, that so yf we myght not contynow w' hym, at leyst be his appointment we shuld have suche one as somwhat shuld assemble hym and his goodly and godly man'ys. Now forasmuch as he hath for the sayd rome as- synged y^ ryght worschypfull M. Bekensaw, we have be o' full ! consent electe and chosyn y^ same o' p'"sident, gladly content so to do the rather y* we myght answer and accomplesh in this behalf yo"" g"'cius pies', which to regard and tender we specyally and syngulerly be bownd, as knowyth the blessyd T'nte who we besech for y® pVvacion of yo' noble g'"ce, II. Letter of the fellows to Dr Bekensaw, 6 July 1508. Nuper non sine nostra omnium anxietate meroreque prope dixe- rimus incredibili cessit hie apud nos presidis loco reverendissimus in i Christo pater, Roffensis antistes, vir citra assentationem non tarn \ human itatis ingenueque eruditionis egregie prudens, quam nobis omnibus apprime carus : cui utinam equa voluntas fuisset apud nos ^ presidendi, quam nobis fuit illius retinendi. Huic a nobis discedenti i neutiquam par erat nostram in ilium pietatem [non] aliquousque i\ monstrare, suamque erga nos nunquam oblitterandam tum operam i' turn bonitatem non aliquantisper remetiri. Fecimus igitur ei potes- tatem (quandoquidem supersedere jam omnino certum fuerat) desig- nandi constituendique nobis presidis, quemcunque is censeret con- venire. Ille autem, sicuti est homo non obscuri neque insinceri ! judicii, teque et tuas virtutes non vulgari humanitate prosequens, 141 proposuit alioquin et preposuit te nobis. Cuius quidem judicio ac testimonio tuai'umque laudum honoi'ifice mentioni tantum tribuimus, ut te jam dudum nobis presidem delegerimus unanimiter, nihil prorsus iverifci aut diffisi, quin quas tibi commendationes ascripsit universas, tsis ipse vel adequaturus vel superaturus, potius scilicet et te operam esse daturum non ambigimus quam potes maximam, ut scilicet te duce ac capite res nostra publica non ruinam minitetur, sed vigeat, floreat, frondescat, frugescatque. Hoc et ut velis, exercitius te oraremus obsecraremusque, ni magnitudinem et animi tui pruden- tiam bonitatemque haberemus certius quam ut ullo vel leviculo jinstigata sit opus. Quare nostrum in te collatum lioc tantillum munusculum tam grato animo tamque exporrecta fronte suscipe, quam est a magnatibus et presertim domina nostra regia genetrice jmulta de nobis demerendis patiente permittenteque religiose et studiose expetitum et a nobis oblatum non invitis sed neque vel pauxillum recalcitrantibus. Nos te presidem agnoscimus nostrique domini Roffensis episcopi legitimum successorem, quod turn litteris turn sigillo decern es nostro, . Datum Cantebrigie pridie Nonas Julias per supranominatos tuos. III. Letter of the fellows to bishop Fisher, 7 July, 1508. Quod tue Paternitati sumus polliciti ecce jam a nobis prestitum, lelectum. viz. successorem tuum et presidem nostrum esse quem de- signasti Doctorem Bekensaw, qui et abs te et propositus et commen- datus est, atque ab optima prineipe genetrice Eegis. Non poterafc nobis neque debebat vel biisce nominibus atque adeo tam excellen- tibus testimoniis non interesse et carus et jocundus. Tuique et sumus et erimus pro viribus quantuliscunque nostris, quem et vicissim habemus certum in nullo sive humanitatis sive pietatis genere nobis esse concessurum. Bene et feliciter vale. Ex Cant, sub sigillo nostro communi. Nonas Julias. After his resignation of the mastership^ the worthy bishop Hved in peace and honour till the reformation in Germany, when he wrote many controversial works against its leaders. : He took the part of queen Catharine of Aragon in the Divorce case, and that of the Pope in the matter of abolishing his power in England. It is not therefore surprising that one by this double title obnoxious to the king, should have at last fallen a victim to j his resentment. He was twice attainted of misprision of treason, 142 in 1533 for not having communicated to the king the pretended prophecies of Elizabeth Barton the holy maid of Kent, and in 1534 for refusing to take the oath to the succession, when by act of parliament his goods were forfeited^ and his bishopric de- clared to be void from 2 Jan. 1534-5. He was now kept in most rigorous imprisonment in the Tower. The pope created him a cardinal, by the title of St Vitalis, 21. May 1535, but on 17 June he was arraigned in Westminster Hall on a charge of treason for having denied the king to be supreme head of the church of England, a title which queen Elizabeth afterwards rejected. He was tried by a jury (being treated as a commoner, because he had been deprived of his bishopric), found guilty, condemned to death, and beheaded on Tower hill 22 June 1535. As has been stated, he is said to have been 77 years old, but this seems wrong, and perhaps 67 is a near approximation to his age. (Cooper, AtJi. i. 52-4.) The bishop does not appear to have been a benefactor to the college, probably his great interest in and liberality towards St John's college made him unable to do anything for a college over which he had for so short a time borne rule. He seems however to have kept up some connexion with the college ; as the following extracts from the bursars' books shew : — I. M. J. 1510-11, fo. 236. Expense facte super domino Roffensi et super servo reginali, ut patet per billain viij^ iij^ ob. 1515-16. fo. 286. b. Item pro quodam munusculo date episcopo Roffensi, vino vocato ypocrace, et aliis speciebiis viz. sugar- plate et sukkettes, quum visitavit collegium sancti Johan- nis iiij'. ij". His arms were: Arg. a dolphin embowed between 3 wheat- ■ •ears or, within a border ingrailed of the last, and the motto, " Faciam vos piscatores hominum." A few miscellaneous items from the account books of the iCoUege during the bishop's presidentship may here be given : I. M. J. 1504-05. fo. 178. b. Pro expensis M. Jennyn vicepresi- dentis . . . et expensis M. Staynbank . . . dum equitabat Richmon- diam ad loquendum cum regiis consiliariis et episcopo Win- toniensi xvij'. x". 143 fo. 179. Pro expensis m" vicepresidentis versus Huntyngdon ad alloquendum cum domino episcopo magistro iiij°. ij''. fo. 179. b. Pro piuta Malmasie data m™ Lenton auditor! ij**. Pro expensis M. Vicepresidentis et M. Yicham . . . quum equita- bat Londonias pro causis collegii ad loquendum cum regiis consiliariis pro sigillo privati misso collegio xxv\ ij"*. ob. Dnb O'^v^mfrido xviii° die Octobr. pro 3*""^ septimanis in quibus erat vexatus febribus iij\ iiij^ Willelmo Bradeford [bibliotiste] pro communiis unius septimane in qua erat infirmus viij"^, 1506-07. fo. 195. It' pro dentriculo et vino receptori matris regis xxij**. 1507-08. fo. 202. Item duobus laboi'antibus qui mundaverunt cameram m" presidentis iiij*. fo. 202. b. Item pro septem centis sirporum pro cameris magis- tri erga ejus adventum x^ ob. fo. 202 b. Jobanni Thurjbe clerico pro compositione bipartita facta pro domina de lay Roose vij^ Mr Wilkynson received no stipend from the college, but from the time of bishop Fisher we find the president paid £3. 6s. 8d. a year, being half the stipend of a priest or fellow. I. M. J. 1504-05. fo. 173. Magistro nostro domino Roflfensi episcopo (for a half year) xxxiij'. iiij**. 1505-06. fo. 182. b. M'° Jenyn pro stipendio magistri nos- tri xxxiij'. iiij"*. The benefaction of lady Joan Bm-gh is now first mentioned : — I. M. J. 1504-5. fo. 179. Pro expensis M. Jennyn vicepres. et M. Pomell cvim uno serviente et pro sumptibus et conductione trium equorum cum equitabant ad loquendum cum regis consili- ariis pro causis collegii et dum equitabant Cantuariam ad viden- dum terras ejusdem collegii, viz Yle of tennet...xxxiiij^ iij^ ob. 1506-7. fo. 196. Expense facte per M. [vice] presidentem et M^ Pomell apud saynt Nicholas cowyrte xlviij'. vij*. 144. 6 (?) July 1508— March 1518-9. 23 Hen. VII.— 10 Hen. VIII. OBERT Bekensaw (or Bekenshall), whom bishop Fisher selected to be his successor in the presidentship of Queens' college, was the son of George Beconsall or Bekonsawe, esq. of Croston, co. Lane, and was at th-e time of his election fellow of Michaelhouse. He was B.A, 1492-3, M.A. 1496, proctor of the university 1500, and B.D. 1502. He was instituted to the vicarage of Croston, his native parish, 24 Jan. 1504-5, on the presentation of the abbess and convent of Syon, a benefice which he held till his death (Haines, Lancashire Chantries, 170, 171 [c. H.c.]). He commenced D.D. 1507, and was elected to the mastership 6 July 1508 or just be- fore. At the time of his election he was at court, as appears from the following : I. M. J. 1507-08 fo. 202. b. Item pro vino soketis et comfetis expensis in prime adventu magistri nostri ij^ x.\ ob. 1508-09. fo. 214. In expensis factis per magistrum Yrelonde et magistrum Staynbanke quum equitabant ad curiam regis pro magistro novi£er electo xxxij^ iiij**. He was president for about ten years and a half, till about March 1518-9, and during this peri©d he became rector of Bradwell-super-mare Essex, 8 July 1512, on the presentation of queen Catharine of Aragon, and canon of Windsor, 28 Oct. 1512. On 3 Feb. 1512-3 he was admitted treasurer of the cathedral church of Lincoln, which office he resigned in 1516. He was also succentor of Wells cathedral, rector of Chagford, 145 Devonshire, and chaplain to queen Catherine, and her almoner before 10 July 1510. In the year 1506-7 he obtained a dispen- sation from residence in the university, on the ground of his being engaged with the countess of Richmond. * Conceditur D'" Bekynshaw ut non artetur ad residentiam propter negotia que habet circa regis genetricem, sic quod observet actus.' (Grace-book T. MS, Bater, xxxi. 168.) He was inducted to the deanery of the collegiate church of St John Baptist, at Stoke-by-Clare (MS. Baker, xix. 143), in the patronage of the queens of England, on 3 Feb. 1517, a bene- fice then valued at £43. 6s. Sd. (Strype, ParJcer, 8). There seems to be some confusion in the date of his induction to the deanery of Stoke, as if by 3 Feb. 1517 is meant 1517-8, we find Bekensaw apparently residing at Stoke on July 1517. Possibly the year 1517 is really meant, as is also the year 1548 in the date of the Order of the Communion, which is 8 March, 2 Edw. VI. 1548, meaning really 1548 not 1548-9. Dr Bekensaw was mostly non-resident, dwelling at Windsor or later at Stoke, whither the fellows went to consult him about the affairs of the college. I. M. J. 1512-13, fo. 257, b. Item pro expensis m" Staynbank quum equitavit ad magistrum collegii tunc Wynsorie mauen- tem vj^ viij**. 1516-17. fo. 295. b. Item in expensis m" Staynbank... menseJulii per iiij"' dies quum equitabat ad conveniendum magistrum collegii aput Stook pi-o causis et negotiis collegii vi^ viij*. There are several other journeys to Stoke mentioned. He seems however to have come to Cambridge for elections of fellows and bible-clerks, and for the audit. 1516-17. fo. 295. Item pro ij''"' quartis vini rubei et clareti ix° die Julii quum magister collegii affuerat iiij''. Item eodem tempore pro pinta Malvesie et bona serevisia . . . iiij"*. fo. 296. Item in expensis magistri collegii octavo die mensis Octobris et per tres dies sequentes quum affuerat collegio pro electione bibliotiste, ut patet per billam xvj', ij^ ob. Item x° die Decembris quo m"" collegii recedebat a collegio pro refectione ejusdem xx^, pane equino vj*, vino acri iij'^. et bona 10 146 cerevisia uxoris Pecke non computata xiij''. ob, ut patet per billam iij^ vij**. ob. I. M. J. 1517-18. fo. 6. Item pro expensis m" Cokes quum equi- tavit ad magistrum pro assignatione compoti iiij'. R Bekensaw had not long been president when Henry VII. died, and Henry VIII. ascended the throne, 22 Apr. 1509. The lady Margaret, mother of Henry VII., survived her son two months and died 29 June 1509, aged 68. Her first husband was Edmund of Hadham, earl of Richmond, who died 3 Nov. 1456, leaving his son Henry only fifteen weeks old. By her other husbands sir Henry Stafibrd, son of Humphry duke of Buckingham, who died 1481, and Thomas lord Stanley, earl of Derby, who died 1504, she had no issue. After her third hus- band's death she took a vow of chastity. The inscription on her tomb in Henry VII.'s chapel in Westminster Abbey was com- posed by Erasmus, for which he had a reward of twenty shillings. (Dugdale, Bar. ii. 123, 237; i. 167. C. H. Cooper in C. A. S. Communications, i. 71. C. A, Halsted, Life of Margaret Beaufort, countess of Richmond and Derby. London, 1839, 8vo. Baker's preface to bishop Fisher's Sermon.) On 10 May 1509 a general pardon was granted to the col- lege for all ofiences committed before 23 April, the second day of his reign (Deed in the college treasury) ; and on 25 Nov. 2 Hen. VIII. 1510 an Inspeximus charter was issued reciting and con- firming the deeds of 30 March 26 Hen. VI. 1448, for the foun- dation of the college, and of 5 March 13 Edw. IV. 1472-3 for the grant of St Nicholas' Court. It is as follows : HENRICUS DEI GRATIA Rex Anglie Francie et Dominus Hibernie omnibus ad quos presentes littere pervenerint Sahitem. Inspeximus litteras pateutes bone memorie domini H. nuper regis Anglie sexti presidenti et sociis Reginalis coUegii in universitate Cantebr. factis in hec verba : (Charter of 30 March, m Hen. VI. 1448). 147 Inspeximus etiam litteras patentes domini ¥j. mxtfer regis Anglie quarti eisdem presidenti et sociis factas in hec verba : (Charter of 5 March, 13 Edw. lY. 1473.) NOS AUTEM litteras predictas ac omnia et singula in eis con- tenta rata habentes et grata ea pro nobis et beredibus nostris quantum in nobis est acceptamus et approbamus ac dilectis nobis in Cbristo Roberto Bekansawe nunc presidenti et «ociis dicti coUegii et succes- soribus suis ratificamus et confirma'mus prout litere predicte rationa- bHiter testantur. In cujus rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium vicesimo quinto die Novembris anno regni nostri secimdo. "Whitstons. Pro vigititi sdlidis solutis in lianaperio. This deed in the college treasury bears the grieat seal of England. I. M. J. 1510-11. fo. 233. Item pro confirHiatiene diversarum chartarum antiquarum a diversis regibus concessarum et pro nova charta regis Henrioi octavi, et pro aliis necessariis col- legii, ut ipatet ,per diversas billas x". xiij'. The following letter refers to the benefaction of Dr Trotter already referred to. The year is not mentioned, but the date seems to be 8 March 1510-11. To Mayst' docto' Melton. Ryght worshypfall & honorable maysf Chawnceler we yo"" trewe bedeme the vicep^'sident and the fella ws of the qwenys coladge I Cam- bryge hath us recomedyd to yo'' maygf^shyppe i owr moost charytable man"". And for asmoche as ye wold knowe of owr mynde as towch- yng the eomposicon be twyx matsf Trotf and us for a felaw and a bibyll clerk, whyche maisf Trotf p'posyd to have compleshyd be hys lyfie, we be tbe suyr knowledge that we have be thaym that be seniors amonges us whyche bave beyn p'sent I suche tymes as coTcacon hath beyn mynysteryd for the coplesment of the desyre of maisf Trotf and by suche lettyrs as we have of M. Trotters owne hand wrytyng insure yo" that M. Trotters wyll was to fynde a felaw & a bybyll clerk accordyng to owr ordinans & statutes to the whyche we gayffe assent and none od' wyse, and uppon thys receyvyd money of maysf Trotf to purches londes to the performyng of thys entent, 10—2 148 whyche we wylbe gladde to fulfyll to owr powr desyryng yo' maistyi-- shyppe that hyt may be so orderyd, that hyt be not chargeable to owr powr place. But wher as men thynk that we shulde be bowynd to resayve a surgenaimt of Yorkshyre be cause we rasayvyd M. Stak- wose 1 mast' Trotf days, the treuyth ys thys that M. Stakwose was at that tyme p'ncypall of saynt Austeyns hostell wele lernyd vertuys & wyse, and be the reson of hys gooydnesse and by hys freynds came to suche favo'' of M. Trotf that he sent to us & desyryd us to electe hym fellawe : and thenne was he answeryd that ther was i the place a fellow of thys same shyre & that we myght not have no moo felowys of that shyr. Thenne desyryd M. Trotter by a specyall lett' for div'se consyderacons that he had to hys person that we wolde resayve hym as we myght felow or surgenat & pay hy x markes by yer of that lond that we purchesyd w* suche money as he gave hus for the entent be foresayd. We tend''ly cosyderyng the gooyd & blyssyd mynd he hadde unto us wer content y* the profyttes of the lond wer usyd aftyr hys mynd time of hys lyffe and so admyttyd M. Stakhows not as felow ne surgenawnt, as to whom whe shoulde be bowynd to pay anny perpetuite but only duryng the gooyd wyll of M. Trotf, in as moche as when he intedyd to take orders we wold not g'aunt hy hys tytle not w*standyng grate labur he mayde to us, as all od' have hadde whyche had ev' ony perpetuite of our coladge by cause we would gyffe none occasyon wher by he myghth pretend to have ony perpetuite of us. Nowe as towchyng y^ artycles that yo' maisf shyppe wold have answer of. The fyrst & p'ncypall y* we shuld be bowynde to have a sugernawnt of a c'tayn contre ys playne agayns the p'ncypall entent of owr fowndres, wych was to avoyde parcyalyte of contreys and a gayns div'se sev'^rall partes of owr statutes doyn & knowyn by dew examinacon aftyr owr wyt & lernyng and agayns the quyette lyvyg I owr coledge as we knowe by many occasyons of debate that war lyke to falle thereuppon and as of late we have had experiens. Therfor as I thys we desyre yo' maysf shyppe to be bnvolent & lovyng unto owr place and where as M. Trotf p'posyd to forthyr hyt y* ye hynd' hyt not ne desyr no thyng y* ys owdyr contrary to owr statutes or peys as we dowte tiot i yo" aftyr trewe informacon hadde but ye wyll entrete us getylly accordyng to the gooyd v'tu [and] gooyd lernyg , y* Godde have gevyn yo" as ye have doyn hytherto and we shal be as gladde to content yo' mynd I suche thynges as ye shall resonably req're of us as any me lyvyg as knowyth Godde whoo p's've yo' 149 masfshyppe I lielth bodyly and goystly. From the quenys coladge i Cabrydge y® viij day of marche. (Misc. A. fo. 18. b.) On 2 Dec. 8 Hen. VIII. 1516 a composition was made with Dr Melton (Cooper. Ath. i. 37), establishing a fellowship with the endowment of Dr Trotter. The fellow was to be of the diocese of York, and in the fifth year of his regency to preach in York Cathedral in memory of his founder. This arrangement continued till 1838, when by the Queen's letter all restrictions as to the birthplace of a fellow were done away. In Ealph Son gar, fellow of the college in the time of the first two presidents, gave to the college a field, probably that called Songar's mead of Furneaux Pelham, Herts, (note by Dr Plumptre). This first his brother James and after his death his executors kept from the college. In order to recover it, the two following petitions, dated 10 July 1510, were addressed, the one to the chancellor of queen Catharine, the other to the queen herself : — • I. Religiose et venerabili patri domino eancellavio regine prsesidens una cum sociis collegii Reginalis Cantebrigie salutem in Domino Jesu. Facit nos audaces, vel ea que manifestaria est vite tue integritas vel quem adversum ingenuas disciplinas harumque affectatores habes precij^uus amor, sollicitare istud mite pectus tunm ut optimam prin- cipem reginam nosti^am, cui tu merito a secretis es, in rem nostram pro qua nunc ad illam scripsimus, velis quoad potes adhortari. Bre- viter in summa res hec est : Radulphus Songar pridem collega noster vir probus et literatus, agro nos quodam suo donavit, post cujus hie decessum frater ejus Jacobus Songar illicite agrum occupans multos ilium a nobis annos (ut erat homo versutus et turbulentus) distinuit. Ipso nunc vita defuncto successerunt alii, quos non latet nostrum esse agrum ilium, adduci tanien nolunt utpote viri mundo dediti et egregie tenaces ut hujus nostri juris imperturbati potiamui-, sed et dudum irrumpentibus aliis idque illis auctoribus possessionem adi- mere conati sunt. Quare per Jesum te obsecramus, ut tua opera patronam habeamus reginam quatenus per equissimum vel sui vel regis consilium nostra injuria vindicetur, intelligantque homines isti 150 qui molestare gratum habent quid sua intersit facere. Itaque nos- trum hoc Eegine collegium demereberis et aos regine scholasticos beneficio donabis, cujus erga Deum non erimus immemores. B.ene vale. Cantebrigie sexto Idus Julias anno ©hristi M.ccccc°x°. Fidem in hoc nostro negotio quesumus adhibere velit paternitas tua optimo et fidissimo presidi nostro elemosinario I'egine. II Serenissime atque excellentissime principi Domine Catherine Dei gratia Anglie et Francie Regine et Domine Hybernie, domine nostre supreme, humiles ac devoti illius subditi et oratores presidens et socii collegii Reginalis Cantebrigie humilem subjectionem servi- tutem et obedientiam. Quum quidem, inclytissima princeps, preter et Tui generis nobili- tatem et forme gratiam, etiam Tiie Celsitudini beneficio Diei Optimi Maximi splendor quidam virtutum eximius accessit, usque adeo ut consentiente fere omnium voce optima prediceris, insuper quum Tue Majestati debere se plurimum litterati ac studiosi homines intelligant et nos Tue Amplitudini scolastici simus atque hoc quod incolimus abs Te regina Reginale collegium appelletur, facile persuasum habuimus- pro Tui animi singulari dementia et benignitate nostras preces apud Tuam Bonitatem non repulsam esse passuras, Nos proinde domestici Tui ad Te (pace dix erimus Tua) domesticam nostram principem et dominam audacter confugimus supplicissime obsecrantes ut pre- sidio tuo possimus citra inquietudinem sacre eruditioni vacare. ' Sed quorsum hec?' inquies. Certe quidam olim collega noster dictus Radulphus Songar sacerdos homo doctus et pius fundum quem habuit nobis dedit. Ceterum frater ejus Jacobus Songar, ut erat homo vario et perquam astuto ingenio, nos beneficio quamdiu vivebat defraudavit. Is nunc mortuus executores reliquit qui hunc fundum veraciter sciunt nostrum esse, attamen nolunt nos illo frui pacifice, sed antiquam altering proterviam emulantes salutem anime ejus neglectui habent. Denique jam dudum cum injuria nostra nobisque invitis adegerunt alios invadere et preoccupare hunc nostrum agrum. Quare impense oramus Mansuetudinem Tuam ut, pro judicio atque ex sententia consiliariorum vel tuorum vel regis, res hec discutiatur, quo tuum hoc collegium non falso diutius perturbetur. Universam hanc rem, optima princeps, plenius tibi audiendi erit ex preside nostro homine fidelissimo elimosinario Nobilitatis Tue. Que nostre partes sunt et esse debent, preces tibi nostras certo polliceri poteris ad misericordis- 151 simum Deum qui tuis votis adnuat gi'atiaqiie sua illustret semper. Amen. Ex Cantebrigia sexto Idus Julias anno Salutis M° quingen- tissimo x". Excellentissime Tue Majestatis devotissimi atque obseqxientissirai subditi et oratores presidens socii et scolastici collegii tui. (Misc. A. fo. 28) At Clavering, Essex, is the brass of Songar and his wife, c. 1480, beneath whose figures are two small groups of children, one of nine daughters, the other of four sous. As one of these sons is represented as a priest, this may be the monument of the father and mother of Kalph Songar, and he the priest among the sons. Ralph Songar was ' Capellanus R. Ricardi tertii ' (or more correctly, Ricardi ducis Gloucestrie) in 1485, from Michaelmas 1485 he appears as Capellanus Otware, from Michaelmas 1486 as Capellanus Alfrey, and his name disappears from the list of fellows after Easter 1486. As his death is spoken of as ' cuius hie decessus,' he seems to have died in college, and. the words * multos annos' would well enough represent the period between 1486 and 1510. The praise of his learning (according to the standard of those times) is borne out by the entries in the bursars' books. I. M. J. 1484-85. fo. 23. M'" Songar pro lectura sancte Thome , xxxiij'. iiij''. There are similar entries in the next three half-years. I. M. J. 1508-09. fo. 216. Item oct' die sci Laurencii [17 Aug.] equitabara Claweryng prope Pellam pro pace fienda inter executores Jachobi Songar et firmarium nostrum, qui conati sunt eum expellere a domo sua quia faber et fir' narraverunt nobis mortem predicti ; propterea nituntur frangere hostium pasture et seras et boscum asportare a Joh. yr. [Yrelond] et m. Yenyn pres' arest. in quibus mansuetos feci et promiserunt in die exaltationis sancte Crucis [14 Sept.] collegium venire ad testamentum predicti Jachobi videndum et usque tunc non quicquam agere nee contra nos nee nosfcros ibidem iiij"*. 1509-10. fo. 226. b. Pro expensis factis super domino cancellario regine et aliis consiliariis ix.\ iij''. It' expensis factis circa terras m" Songar ut patet per bil- 1am i v". viij'. xj^ ob. 152 |N answer to letters written by Erasmus from Eome on April 29 and April 30^ lord Mountjoj, on 27 May 1509, wrote to Erasmus urging him to return to England (Ep. X. wrongly dated 1497, see address 'Ad lectorem'). Erasmus accordingly came to England, where he was on 8 Feb. 1510 (Ep. cix.). He seems to have paid a visit to Paris, as Ep. ex. is dated thence on 27 April 1510. On 21 Dec. 1510 he was at Cambridge (Ep. cxi.), where he continued to reside for four or five years, often visiting London. In- May 1511 he went on a pilgrimage to the shrine of our Lady of Walsingham, and left behind him a copy of Greek Iambic verses as an offering (Ep. cxiv.). Between 11 July and 17 Aug. 1511, he went to London (Epp.. cxvi. cxvii. cxxi.), and on his return he resided in Queens' college for some time. ^Queens Colledge'' (says Fuller, sub anno 1447) 'accounteth it no small credit thereunto, that M'asmus (who no doubt might have jptokt and chose what House he pleased) preferred this for the place of his study, for some yeers in Cambridge. Either in- vited thither with the fame of the learning and love of his friend Bishop Fisher, then Master thereof, or allured with the situation of this Colledge so neer the River (as Rotterdam his native place to the Sea) with pleasant walks thereabouts.' A great number of letters are dated from Cambridge during the years 1510 to 1513, but as they give no particulars of his residence in Queens' they are not further noticed. Among the Cambridge men whom he had made his friends- he men- tions (Ep. cxlviii.) the names of the following fellows of Queens' : Henry Bullock (Bovillus), John Fawn (Phaunus), who succeeded him in his professorship, John Vaughan (Vachanus) and Hum- phrey (Umfridus) Walkeden. The difficulty mentioned above in determining an exact chronology of Erasmus' life from his letters, seems to be greatest during the period of his residence in Cambridge. Le Clerc in his 'Vie d'Erasme tiree de ses Lettres' in the Bibliotheque choisie [Amsterdam 12mo.] v. vi. 1705, which formed the ground- work of Jortin's longer 'Life of Erasmus' (London, 1758. 2 Yols. 4to.), expresses his opinion thus: ' Je croi qu' Erasme lui m^me en publiant ses Lettres confusement, comme il le fit, y mit quelque fois des dates telles que sa m^moire les lui fournit. \ 153 sans les comparer ensemble.' (v. p. 206). Also see Rev. J. S. Brewer's pref. to ' Letters and Papers foreign and domestic in the reign of Henry YIII.' Yol. I. p. xv. ff. And again Le Clerc says with reference to this particular pe- riod : ' Pour revenir a nos Lettres, il 7 a un grand desordre dans les dates de plusieurs lettres datees de cette annde (1513) et des deux suivantes, qu'il n'a pas etd possible deredresser' (v. p. 188). Only three of Erasmus' letters are dated from Queens' college in Leclerc's edition of his Works, Vol. ill.; they are numbered cxvi, cxvii and cxviii. The first is written to Andreas Ammonius of Lucca, the pope's collector in England, Latin secretary to the king, canon of St Stephen's Westminster and of Salisbury, and is dated ' Cantabrigia e coUegio Reginse 17 Augusti anno 1511.' The second is addressed to dean Colet, and was written 24 Aug. 1511. Neither of these contains any information about his stay in Queens' college : in the latter he mentions the accidents of his journey from London. The third is here transcribed : — Erasmus Rot. Andrese Ammonio sue S.D. Mitto ad te literas ad Bombasium scriptas. De statu meo nihil adhuc novi est, quod scribam, nisi iter fuisse incommodissimum, et valetudinem adhuc subdubiam esse a sudore illo. Videor mihi saltern ad dies aliquot in hoc collegio commoraturus. Auditoribus nondum copiam mei feci, cupiens valetudini inservire. Cerevisia hujus loci mihi nullo modo placet nee admodum satisfaciunt vina ; si possis efficere, ut uter aliquis vini Grsecanici quantum potest optimi hue deportaretur, plane bearis Erasmum tuum, sed quod alienum sit a dulcedine. De pecunia nihil sis sollicitus ; mittetur et ante tempus, si voles. Jam hoc commodorum quae ex bullis sanctissimis capi- untur, initium est, siti enecamur. Tu conjicito csetera. Et nondum trajecimus. Bene vale, charissime Ammoni. Ex collegio Reginse 25. Augusti, An. 1511. In the lives of eminent men, by John Aubrey, printed at the end of " Letters written by eminent persons, publ. from the originals in the Bodleian Library and Ashmolean Museum" (2 vols. 8°. Lond. 1813), we find some traditional notices of Erasmus' sojourn in Queens' college derived from Andrew Pas- 154 1 chal, fellow of Queens' and rector bi Chedsey, Somersetshire, 1652-1663, communicated in 1680 (ii. 340—344), -^ * The staires which rise up to his studie at Queen's College, in Cambr. doe bring first into two of the fairest chambers in the ancient building ; in one of them, which lookes into the hall and chief court, the Vice-President kept in my time ; in that ad- joyning, it was my fortune to be, when fellow. The chambers over are good lodgeing roomes ; and to one of them is a square turret adjoyning, in the upper part of which is the study of Erasmus ; and over it leads. To that belongs the best prospect about the colledge, viz. upon the river, into the corne-fields, and countrey adjoyning. So y' it might very well consist with the civility of the House to that great man (who was no fellow, and I think stayed not long there) to let him have that study. His sleeping roome might be either the Vice-President's, or to be neer to him, the next. The room for his servitor that above it, and through it he might goe to that studie, which for the height, and neatnesse, and prospect, might easily take his phancy.' m Aubrey says: ' He studied sometime in Queen's colledge in Cambridge, his chamber was over the water. He mentions his being there in one of his Epistles, and blames the beer there. One long since wrote in the m argent of the book in Coll. Libr. in which that is said — Sicut erat in principio, &c. and all M' Paschall's time they found fault with the brewer.' Thomas Fuller's account of Erasmus represents the tradition of an earlier age than Andrew Paschal by a quarter of a century, as he was admitted a pensioner of Queens' 29 June 1621. He says (sub anno 1504) : About this time ERASMUS came first to Cambridge (com- ing and going for seven years together) having his abode in Queens Colledge, {vide the date of his first Epistle lihro 8.) where a Study on the top of the South-west Tower in the old Court stil , i retaineth his name. Here his labour in mounting so many ' stairs (done perchance on purpose to exercise his body, and pre- vent corpulency) was recompensed with a pleasant prospect round about him.' No traces of his residence in Queens' are to be found in the bursars' books, nor in any other document belonging to the 155 college. It has been however a constant tradition at Queens', that he was for some time resident in it ; and as no other college has any tradition on the subject, or puts forward any claim to the honour of having sheltered the great scholar within its walls, in spite of the want of contemporary evidence on the subject beyond the dates of the above three letters, he must be still re- garded, if belonging to any college at all, as belonging to Queens'. From the words, ' Videor mihi saltern ad dies aliquot in hoc collegio commoraturus', it would seem that the college was not the abode of Erasmus during the whole time that he resided in the university. In one of his letters to Henry Bullock, Ep. cxlviij; dated Kochester, 31 Aug. 1513, (really 1516 see ' Adlec- torem ') among greetings to Cambridge friends he says, ' Salutabis ...veteremhospitem meumGerardum ;' this probably was Garret the bookseller (bibliopola, Ep. cxli) ; Erasmus may have lived in his house, and hence Garret would be well acquainted with his habits. Roger Ascham, who came to the university about 1530, says in his ToxopMlus, written in 1544 (London, 4to. 1571, fo. 10) : 'Pastimes for the minde only, be nothing fit for studentes, because the body, which is most hurt by study, should take no profite at all thereat. This knewe Erasmus very well, when hee was here in Cambridge : which, when he had been sore at his book (as Garret, our bookebynder, hath very oft told me) for lack of better exercise, would take his horse, and ryde about the market hill and come' (perhaps it should be 'home') 'againe.' (Jortin's Life, ii. 720.) Samuel Knight in his 'Life of Erasmus' (8vo. Cambr. 1726) has the following, p. 124; it were to be wished that he had given his authority for his statements : — ' As Erasmus then was first invited down to Camhridge by Bishop Fisher, Chancellor of the University, and Head of Queens' College ; so we find it was to this Prelate that he ascribes all the Advantages he found in that Place, being accom- modated by him with everything needful in his own Lodgings at Queens, and promoted by his means to the Lady Margaret's Professorship of Divinity and afterwards to the Greek Professor's chair, which places, tho' they were more honourable than pro- ifitable, yet were of great service to the University.' 156 , In a note lie adds ' This seems to contradict a Tradition in tliis College, that he kept in another Chamber, which bears his Name to this Day : and not in the Masters Lodge, but this more probably was his study.' Mr Knight gives an engraving of the rooms between the hall and Silver-street, and along Silver-street, shewing the tower, which contains Erasmus' study. The Lady Margaret's Professorship seems. to be alluded to in the following extract from Ep. cxxiii. to Andreas Ammonius, dated Cambridge, 15 Oct. 1511. Hactenus perlegimus Chrysolorse Grammaticen, sed paucis ; for- tassis frequentiori auditorio Theodori Graminaticam axtspicabimur : fortassis et theologicatn lectionem suscipiemns, nam id nunc agitur. Qusestus minor quam ut me moveat, tamen interim et bene meremur de studiis pro nostra quoque virUi et menses aliquot (ut Ovidiano utar verbo) decipimus. He alludes to his teaching at Cambridge in a letter (Ep. Apip. viii.) to Servatius, prior of the regular canons of Stein, dated from Ham in Picardy, 9 July 1514, where in speaking of the encouragement he had received in England, he says : Sunt hie duse Universitates, quarum utraque ambit habere me, Oxonia et Cantabrigia : nam Cantabrigise menses complures docui Grsecas et sacras Litteras, idque gratis, itaque semper facere decretum , est. Sunt hie collegia, in quibus tantum est religionis, tanta vitse mo- destia, ut nullam religionem sis prse hac non contemturus, si videas. In 1515 he left England and wandered about from town to fj town in the Netherlands, returning once to London, till in 1521 ; he finally settled at Basle, where (with the exception of six) years) he remained till he died, 12 July 1536. N 20 April 1513 there was a great fire in Cambridge, which I destroyed many houses : amongst them was a house near the mills, given to St Peter's college by Dr John Wark- worth, master of that society (Cooper, Ann). The fire was nean to Queens' college, and is thus alluded to in the college accounts : I. M. J. 1512-13. fo. 254. b. Martino Jonsoon pro duobiis homi- 157 nibus qui portaveruut palos a magno igne qui tunc erat eirca collegium vij'*. In 1514 a subsidy of a tenth and a fifteenth was granted by the parliament to the king for the purpose of carrying on the war with France (Journals of the House of Lords, Vol. i. p. xxv.) I. M. J. ,1513-14, fo. 265. h. Item pro expensis m" Staynbank et m"' Pomell cum serviente et tribus equis per quipque dies Londoniis dum acquirebaut brevia pro exoneratione unius XV* et X* nuper concesse, ut patet per billam xxxiij^ v**. In 1514 the cycle of colleges was arranged for the appoint- ment of proctors to avoid the controversies which had previously prevailed at their election. In 44 years Queens' college was to have 8 appointments, St John's and King's also having 8, and the hostels between them 10. In 1515 a pavement was laid down in front of, and also within the college. I. M. J. 1514-15. fo. 271. b. Item vj° die Aprilis Ricardo Cooper et socio ejus pro factura unius pavimenti ante hos- tium collegii continens xiij"" ix virgas, et pro factura pavi- menti infra collegium continens Ivj virgas, et pretium virge !•* ob. X?. fo. 272. Item solutum est Johanni Orton vectori pro arena et ceno pro sexaginto bigatis arene pro pavimento infra colle- gium et pro pavimento ante magnam portam collegii xv'. In 1517 there was a dispute, of which the particulars are lost, between the college and John Ireland, who had been one of the fellows, but had left the society in 1513. I. M. J. 1516-17. fo. 294. b. Item m™ Nelson procurator! in causis collegii adversus m'""'" Yrelonde ij'. Item vicecancellario pro actione incepta se coram adversus pre- dictum m'^'"" Yrelonde ij"*. It seems to have been amicably settled, and on 14 Oct. 9 Hen. VIII. 1517 the college gave him a release of all claim on him (Misc. A. fo. 30. b). He appears to have visited the college in 1525 and 1527, and to have been received hospitably. 158 On 3 March 10 Hen. VIII. 1518-9, Dr Bekensaw and tlie fellows of the college bj indenture granted permission to John Craforth, M.A. one of the fellows to go to the court or any other place for his learning or profit for three years with the full stipend of a resident fellow, £6. ISs. 4 sitione telarum aranearum iiij^ fo. 26. Item solvi m""" Bond pro expensis suis quum equitabat ad procurandum cignos erga adventum dni Cardinalis... ij% vj". 163 Item Jolianni Buttler de Erethe pro iij gruibus, x'., iij luces, x^, iij trenches, vij^ xxvii^ (Part of the fen at Earith on the Ouse near St Ives is called Crane Fen.) Item eidem Johanni pro iij cignis datis dno Cardinali xv^ Item solvi cuidam paupercule pro cirpibus [rushes] camere dhi Cardinalis iiij"*. (Many other similar items occur, as well as gifts to the servants of the cardinal.) On his departure the cardinal left as a present to the college £10. (II. M. J. fo. 19, note). In 1517-18 the queen Catharine of Aragon had intended to visit the college. II. M. J. 1517-18. fo. 5.b. Item in regardo dato Willelmo Telar famulo regine, cum venit ad collegium cum Uteris ad in- sinuandum nobis adventum regine, et pro vino eidem collato et jantaculo iij'. x*. ob. And again in 1519 she sent her pursuivant to enquire * whether Cambrigge stood cler from eny contageous sykkenesse or no, forasmoche as hir Grace entended to take hir Georney to o' lady of Walsyngham.' (Cooper, Ann. i. 302.) II. M. J. 1519-20. fo. 21. Item Thome Meryk et socio suo laborantibus circa preparationem magne camere per sex dies ergo adventum regine iiij^ fo. 25. Item solvi cuidam famulo regine (vocato pursevaunt) qui demonstravit nobis de regine adventu in regardo xx**. fo, 25. b. Item in Quadragesima solutum est magistro coUegii pro expensis ab Harow ad Cantabrigiam qtium rumor erat de adventu regine iij"- At last in 1520-1, about 25 Feb. queen Catherine visited the college and stayed there three days (II. M. J. fo. 19). II. M. J. 1520-21. fo. 32. Item xvi die Februarii Johanni Brownson vitrario pro emendatione fenestrarum in cubiculo regine erga ejus adventum xxij . Item in crastino sancti Matthie Ricardo Robyns carpentario pro opere servi sui per iij dies integros et fere quartum erga adventum regine xxij'*. 11—2 164 fo. 35. b. Pro cii'pis erga adventum regine in coUegmm . . . iij^ i^^. Item xxiij Februarii die pro iij li. candelarum pro magistro . . . iij''. Item xxviij die Februarii "W. Crosseley pro bona servisia tem- pore quo regine illustrissima fait apud nos viij**. Item xxix die Februarii m'" Maxwell pro quarta mamseti data famulis regine iiij**, pro sucario ij"*, pro candelis et bona servi- sia ij*, pro lotione linthiaminum que famuli regine habue- runt ij'^ x**. Item d°° Bigi'ave pro duabus clavibus ostii cubiculi sui et pro reparatione dnarum serarum quas fregerunt famuli re- gine viij^ fo. 36. Item solvi magistro pro vino quod comparavit erga ad- ventum regine xxv^ vj"*. The college made the queen a present, which cost them £2. 18s. 5d. :— | II. M. J. 1520-21. fo. 35. Item Miloni Bethune pro dono quod collegium dedit regine Iviij'. v*. John Lambert (B.A. 15...) procured queen Catharine's letters recommendatory to the college for the purpose of obtain- ing his election to a fellowship. The college resisted this, and wrote to the queen's council and to the queen herself the letters given below. The latter gives full particulars of the reasons of their opposition. (Misc. A. fo. 32. b. 33.) Prudentissimis ac gravissirais viris, gratiosissime ac nobilissime regine consiliariis. Jam pridem litteras a nobilissima ac modis omnibus gratiosissima regine ad nos transmissas, quicquid alii dixerint (quibus credimus voSj que vestra est gravitas et experientia minime ascultaturos), ea reverentia, que dicet scolasticos ejus Celsitudini addictissimos acce- pimus, quarum summa hue pertinebat, ut dominum Lambertum in artibus baccalaureum in hujus nostri sodalitatem reciperemus; quod non solum perlibenter sed incunctanter fueramus faeturi, si talis exti- tisset qualem nobis statuta nostra prescribunt et nos jurejurando 165 iaterposito tenemur ad hoc qualecxmque sodalitium eligere. Cetenim ut intelligeretur nicliil nobis chariiis aut antiqiiins post Deiim ejus be- neplacito, non solum electionem nostram hactenus distulimus, sed et patrem bominis ad nos vocavimus rogautes ut filium suuni exercitande eruditiouis causa ad nos perduceret habiturum integrum socii sjipen- diura, per annum, et si interea inveniretur idoneus, absque ulteriori prorogatione admitteretur in socium. Hanc conditionem recusavit pater, — quam consulte vestrum erit judicium. Ptogamus igitur et obtestamur vos per vestram prudentiam et generositatem, ne credatis cuipiam aliquid sinistre de nobis referenti qui arbitramur vos ves- trapte facturos, et nos si quid jusseritis quod non repuguat divinis et nostris legibus quam libentissime vobis obtemperabimus. Valete in Christo Jesu, patroni singulares. Ex Cantebi-igia, nonis Juliis 1521. II. To the quene. Moost excellent and gracyos p'nces yowre orators and scolers the masf and felowes of youre college callyd the queues college in Camb. humblie beseches yowre grace to be good and gracios fownderes [unto] theym. So it is, gracios p''nces, that yo"* orators and scolers have resayved yo'' gi-'"cios letturs whereby they perceyve that yo'' g''ce wold that they shuld electe & chose won Jhoii Lambert bacheler in arte unto the rowme of a ffelow in yo"" sayd coledge, and also yo' g'ce wold that they shuld obs'"ve & kepe owr statutes & ordinauuces of yo"" seid coledge whiche statutes wyll that they shall not electe nor chose ony man to the rowme of a felow but suche as they knowe vertuus & well lernyd. But so it is that whan they resayvyd yo' g'cios letters, they did not knowe hys v'tu nor lernyg, whei-for Icon- tynetly aftyr that they had red yo"" seid g'cyus letters they iq'red of hys frendes & acq^yntans I the univ'syte and specially of hys masters and tutars whiche had knowledge botht of hys v'tu & of hys lernyg, and demaunded of theym whed' they wold depose for hy, and they asweryd and seid they wold not depose for hym. Nev'the- les yo' seid oratores and scolers movyd the fad' of the sayd Jhon Lambert to bryngge hy to yo' seid coledge that he might be herd owther argu or answer i a q^'styon of logycke or philosophic, or ellys pVatly to p'sent hy selfe to the felaws to thentont that they might appose hy &, knowe hys lernyg; but he wold not. Notwyth- standyng yet yo' seid scolers desyryd the father of the seid Jhoii 166 Labert to send hys soone to yo'" coledge and he shuld have ther an honest chambyr and x m^'kes for won yer & hys lernyg and yf they myght perceyve I the meane tyme that he wer vertuus & like to be lernyd that thane they wil elect & chose hym felaw, as yo' g'ce wold have theym to do : but all theys offers & mocyons hys father ofte ''tymes have refusyd. Wherfor yo' sayd orators & scolers humbly beseches yo' g'ce i discharge of theyr consciens and othe made to yo' college, to be good and g'cyous founderes unto theym and suffre theym to have free eleccon according to the statutes and ordi- nances ther, and they shall dayly pray for the prosperous estate of the moste noble prynce Kynge Henry the viij*^ and for the prosperos con- tinuans of yo' g'ce and for all yo' progeny. By the mast' and felaws of yo' coledge callyd the quenys coledge i Cabrydge. This was John Lambert, who was afterwards (1538) burnt at Smithfield for denying the real presence in the Holy Eucha- rist (Cooper, Ath. i. 67). In spite of this remonstrance he seems to have been elected fellow, but not to have continued so long, as he is mentioned in the bursars' books as such only from Michaelmas 1521 to Easter 1522. The following items in the college accounts refer to the above : — II, M. J. 1520-21. fo. 36. Item pro cera pro Uteris sigillandis ad reginam j^. fo. 43. Item Willelmo Schawe pro vino et ala quum aderat m' Lamberde ix^ fo. 44. Item pro sizatione d°' Lamberde et communiis ejus- dem vj'. In 1518 and 1522 Dr Matthew Makarell, the celebrated abbat of Barlings (Cooper, Ath. i. 61. 531), seems to have been a resident in the college. II. M. J. 1520-21, fo. 35. b. Item (x° Martii m'" presidenti) pro factione unius obligationis d''^ Makerell iiij"*. fo. 36. Item m'° Garrett pro absentia doctoris Makrell in festis Pasche et Nativitatis Domini anno quo ipse fuit thesaurarius (1518-19) viij^ 1521-22, fo. 44. Item m'" Hadway pro cisatione doctoris Make- rell, ut patet per librum m" Hadway ij'. iiij^ ob, q. 167 In 1522 King Henry VIII. visited the university (Cooper, Ann. i. 305) ; the college expenses connected with this visit are appended : — II. M. J. 1521-22, fo. 40. b. Item Johanni Sturde laboranti apud nos erga adventum regis per duos dies viij**- fo. 43. b. Item pro cignis datis regi in suo adventu ad Canta- brigian! xxviij'. ij^ Item pro cirpis stratis in camera regine xij. ob. Item servientibus regis tempore quo erat rex in urbe, in regardo vj^ viij'*. Item uni servient! regis in regardo , xx*. Item in vino et ala pro servientibus regis xij*. Item pro piscib!!S recentibus emptis tempore quo erat rex in urbe xij'. viij"*. In 1522-23 we find the first mention of the plays afterwards so frequently performed by the members of the college in the hall. It was one of the comedies of Plautus, as appears from the following extracts from the bursars' accounts : — II. M. J. 1522-23, fo. 51. b. Item Ricardo Robyns [carpentario] pro labore si!o quum agebatur comedia Plauti etc iij'^. Item pro clavis dictis Tenternayles, quibus firmabantur orname!!ta edium in eadem comedia j**. ob, fo. 52. Item m™ Smythe [pro tunc majori] pro cereis sive funerali- bus que emimus propter comediam Plauti, quum agebatur apud nos iij'. v**. On 10 Apr. 15 Hen. VIII. 1524, a bond for £40 was given by Dr Jenin, president, and the fellows of the college, to Dr Kobert Shorton, master of Pembroke hall, 1518-34 (Cooper, Atk i. 55), and Dr William Capon, master of Jesus college, 1516-46 (Cooper, Ath. i. 100), commissioners of Cardinal Wolsey, that they would ' suffer the ward, arbitrement, ordi- nance and jugement' of the said commissioners to be made be- tween Antliony Maxwell and Symon Heynys, clerks, ' to take eifect accordyng to the same in every poynt ; withowt ony maner let or disturbance of the seyd president and felaws.' (Misc. A. fo. 34. b.) , 168 II. M. J. 1523-24. fo. 60. b. Item pro dono dato doctoribus Shir- ton et Capon vj\ viij"*. Item pro uno pottell de ypocras pro doct. Sbirton et Capon... xx*. Item pro alteri pottell pro doctore Capon xx"*. Item pro ly caraweys eodem tempore iiij**. Item pro bona ala eodem tempore ij*. Item pro scriptione obligationis inter collegium et doct. Shyrton et Capon viij''. MicM 1526 — Mids'. 1527, fo. 88. Item solutum pro expensis m" Harvi m" Maxwell m'' Townley in causis collegii coram doctore Sburton doctore Capon et doctore Nateras ut patet per billas iiij". xvuj^ (The whole of this article is erased with the pen.) In 1525 some differences which had arisen between the fellows and the president came to a head. They turned chiefly on the allowances to the master for his scholar, his horses, his fuel, and his bills for his expenses ' in causis collegii.' In that year Mr Simon Heynes, afterwards president, was sent to London by the society to complain of the misconduct of the president before Cardinal Wolsey and the other counsellors of the queen. (An agreement made between the president and the fellows in Jan. 1528-9 will shew very minutely the causes of this disagreement.) The affair lasted If years, and Mr Heynes made many journeys to London. At last Dr Jenyn was re- moved from the presidentship, probably about Dec. 1526. The following entries in the bursars' book refer to this contention : *o II. M. J. 1524-25, fo. 67. b. Item in expensis factis versnm Londinum per m"" Pomell, Hayns, Hervy et unum ministrum ut patet per billam xviij^ vj''. ('versus doctorem Jenyn tunc presidentem,' marginal note in a nearly contemporary hand) fo. 1525-26. fo. 81. Item in expensis super nuncium qui adduxlt Jurnale collegii a Londino ad Cantebrigiam v**. In expensis m" Heynes missi per majorem partem sociorum ad conquerendum de malefactis doetoris Jenyn coram Eev"" dno cardinal! et consiliariis illustrissime regine multis vicibiis, ut 169 patet per billas suas, per spacium unius anni et tria anni quar- teria et pro expensis aliorum sociorum per ipsum solutis diversis vicibus tempore predicto xvj". ij'. viij*^. Item pro expensis m" Pomell, m" Garret, m" Heynes, m" Hath- wey, m" Yavasor et servientis contra dictum doctorem Jenyn coram Rev""" dnb et ejus deputatis, expositis per m™"" Vavasor ut patet per billam v". iiij\ viij**. Item pro eorundem expensis ibidem expositis per m''""" Hatbwey, ut patet per billam suam xvj'. iiij*. MicV. 1526— Mids'. 1527, fo. 89. Item solvi pro expensis m" Heynes factis in termino Hylarii [23 Jan. — 12 Feb. 1526-7] pro causa inter collegium et doctorem Jenyn ut patet per billam xj^ vij"*. We find the following notices of Dr Jenyn after his removal from the mastership in the college books : — II. M. J. 1525-26, fo. 81. b. Pro vino dato m™ Jenyn vj''. Pro duobus lupillis datis eidem ad mandatum magistri xiij**. Mich'. 1526 — Mids'. 1527, fo. 88. Item in expensis doctoris Gening in itinere ad collegium in tempore computus et pro pabulo equorum hie et pro expensis versus Harrow... xix'. viij**. Forinseca Recepta 1525-26. Pro sizatione et detrimentis Doc- toris Jenyn xvj\ iiij"*. Dr Jenyn died before 11 Jan. 1538-39, on which day he was succeeded in the vicarage of Harrow by Arthur Layton (New- court). His arms were : Arg, two bendlets and a bordure engrailed Sa. In the college accounts for the time that Dr Jenyn was pre- sident, the following miscellaneous items occur : — II. M. J. 1518-19, fo. 15. Item pro vino expenso super magis- trum rotularum quum visitabat collegium iiij**. (Dr Cuthbert Tunstal, 1516-22.) 1518-19, fo. 15. b. Item domino de Pamsforth duo paria ciro- thecarum per man us m""' Pomell viij''. 170 fo. 37. Item cuidam homini de Bedforth pro nova campana pro oralogio nostro , , viij^ 1521-22, fo. 40. b. Item carpentario facienti locum pro campana orologii pro tribus diebus , iiij''. (together with payments to 2 sawyers, 2 carpenters, and 2 plumbers) Item Johanni Grene pro factura horalogii xij^ ii^j^ 1522-23. fo. 53. b. Pro pinta vini data doctori Yenetus (Cooper, Ath. i. 40), quum deferebat pecunias ad collegium pi*o doctore Walden ij"*. 1523-24, fo. 58. Item pro ly pai-ynge de horto ubi crescit crocum cnm mundatione ejusdem xvj*. 1524-25, fo. 67. Item m™ Fysshe rectori ecclesie Botulphi pro decimis croci pro anno m" Fischer viij\ 171 Dec.(?) 1526— Sept. (?) 1528. 18—20 Hen. VIII. iHOMAS Farman was elected fellow of Queens' college about 19 March 1513-14, being then B.A, His title for priests' orders is dated 10 Feb. 1515-16, and is addressed to Kichard [Fitz James] bishop of London. He is therein described as 'exorcist' and of the London diocese. In the accounts of 1516 (Easter to Michaelmas) he occurs as 'socius sacerdos'. He was B.A. 1511-12, and M.A. 1515. In the year 1514-15 he held the office of bursar, and in 1517-18, and 1519-20 that of dean. In 1522 he proceeded B.D. and 1524 commenced D.D. In 1522 and 1523 he preached the sermons founded by Lady Alice Wyche and apparently also in 1527. On 7 Feb. 1524-5 he was instituted to the rectory of All- hallows, Honey lane, London, on the presentation of the Grocers' company (Newcourt, i. 252). On the deposition of Dr Jenyn, he was elected president. The date of his election to the presidentship is nowhere given, but in a deed of Shadworth's manor at S waff ham Prior of 12 Jan. 18 Hen. VIII. i.e. 12 Jan. 1526-7 he is mentioned as pre- sident. The following items in the college accounts refer to Dr Farman' s election : — II. M. J. 1525-26, fo. 81. b. Inexpensis nuncii cum duobus equis missi a seniore socio et majorem partem sociorum ad Londi- num pro novo presidents presentando secundum formam statuti ij'. viij**. 172 (' Quo electo et electione pronunciata faciat eum idem [sociiis] senior inquiii et coram communitate collegii in capella, coram siimmo altari personaliter presentari.' Stat. iii. 1479.) Pro expensis eorundem equorum ad Londinum priusquam pre> Rev. IN . CAMBRIDGE. In field I. E. 187 A Mr Bryan died at the Rose Inn in 1652 and left a widow, who continued to 1653, when R. Allen succeeded. 2. Obv. EICHAED . ALLEN . EOSE. A rOSe. Rev. TAVERNE IN CAMBEIDGE. In field E. L In 1529 it was also decreed that the Otware and Marke fellowships should be united, as the houses in Berinondsej- street, Southwark, which had furnished the endowment of the latter, were (from their bad state of repair) no longer able to do so. The same took place in the same year with the Otware and Bar by fellowships, though these would seem to have been united in 1486. Probably at this time definitely the three fellowships were reduced to two. The estate at Prettiwell, Essex, given by John Grene in 1479 to found a fellowship, had in 1529 become of little or no value to the college for several years, in consequence of the ex- pense they were continually put to in distraining for the rent of it. At last, wearied out, the college were glad, after wasting £60 in law expenses, to sell the estate consisting of a yearly rent of 100^, and two weirs Ebbweir and Floodweir, issuing from and belonging to a part of a marsh called Alflood in Ash in Prettiwell and Eastwood, Essex, to the very parties who had given so much trouble, Dr John Allen, LL.D., master of the prerogative of Cardinal Wolsey (Cooper, Ath. i. 49) for £120. Lands to the value of the purchase-money were to be bought by the col- lege, and the fellow of Mr Grene's foundation changed from 'sacerdos' to ' non sacerdos' (Misc. A. fo. 35 b. Misc. B. fo. 8, Statutes 1529, p. 5o), ' auctoritate sanctissimi domini domini Clementis hujus nominis pape septimi' [Codex Ghadertonianus, p. 62). I. M. J. 1509-10, fo. 229. Item pro Uteris matris regie in negociis collegii Alflodnasse ij°. 1514-15, fo. 277 b. Expense m" Pomell et Milonis Beltron et duorum equorum pro qninqiie dies quum secunda vice equita- bant ad Alflodnasshe ad destringendum bona et catalla Johan- nis Heron et Ricardi Alyn pro annis suis x^ vij^ 188 1 In 1530 the college estate of Gilden Morden given in 14-74 by John Raven was sold to Edward Brisley for £80, and lands at Eversden late of Dr Manfeld were purchased. In 1534 the lands of which the college was possessed in Holbeach, Whaplode and Multon, Lincolnshire, given by Lady Alice Wyche, were sold. In 1535, Dr Heynes sold St Bernard's hostel to Corpus Christi college, of which William Sowode was then master, for the sum of one hundred marks. |00N after Simon Heynes' election to the presidentship in 1529 the Easter terra was dissolved from to the morrow of the Visitation of the B. V. Mary (3 July) for fear of the plague (Cooper, Ann. i. 330). II. M. J. 1528-29, fa 118. Item xv" die Septembris Roberto Nuune bibliotiste pro regardo quoniam solus erat tempore pestis v'. In the same year (1529) the statutes given by queen Eliza- beth Wydeville in 1475 were altered and the new ones con- firmed by papal authority. The following extracts from the bursar's books refer to this change : — II. M. J. 1528-29, fo, 117 b. Item xvj". die Julii m'" Mey per manus m''' Newman pro diplomate domini pape Clementis [YII] pro confirmatione statutorum iij^\ vi^ viij^ Item pro vitulino in quo statuta scriberentur in duobus libris xiij^ iiij^ fo. 119 b. Item pro nova exaratione statutorum collegii xvj^ viij*. 1529-30, fo. 131. Item [6°. die Mail] m™ Newman pro exaratione statutorum collegii xxxiiij^ iiij*. Item eidem pro pargameno ejusdem libri xij**, fo. 131 b. Item pro jantaculo m" Payne apud Album Equum 12° die Julii quando librum statutorum hie a Londino ad- duxit *. iiij^ Item Cegarto bibliopolle [Sygar Nicholson] pro constructione duoi'um illorum librorum, in quibus statuta nostra conscri- 189 buntur, cum reliquo eorundem ornatu et pro stapo papyri regii, qui iu eorum altero constringitur . iiij'. iiij"*. 1530-31, fo. 138. Item [Guylielmo Banks] pro cathena pro libro statutorum ij"*, fo. 144. Item 2° die Maji Gerardo [Goodfrey] bibliopola (sic) pro libro in quern statuta transcribuntur viij*^. The papal 'diploma' was probably sent to London with all other papal instruments in 1535. (For Sygar Nicholson see Cooper, Ath. i. 51 ; for Gerard Goodfrey or Garrat Godfrey's appointment as one of the station- ers to the University, see Cooper, Ann. i. 369.) In 1529 the college changed its seal : II. M. J, 1528-29, fo. 116 b. Item ix die Aprilis pro insculptione novi sigilli communis vj'. viij*^. Dr Fawn, fellow of Queens' college 1496-1513, the friend of Erasmus, and his successor in the lady Margaret's professor- ship of divinity, seems to have owed the college a large debt, to recover which legal proceedings had to be taken : II. M. J. Mids^-Christmas 1527, fo. 96. Item ix° die Decembri m" Heynes pro expensis suis factis in causis coUegii apud Londinum in termino sancti Michaelis, ut patet per billam suam xxvij". x"*. (In margin: contra mfam. Lewes, D. Fawne, M. Mordant, M. Siselden.) 1528-29, fo. 115 b. Item viij" die Febriiarii M, Bowenne pro expensis in causis coUegii Londini pro doctore Fawn et aliis ut patet per billam v^ vj**. 1530-31, fo. 144 b. Item pro expensis Johannis Smyth ad doc- torem Fawne pro debito collegii iij°. iiij"*, (He owed the college at least £16, 135. Qd. Forinseca Recejyta, fo. 33 b.) 1531-32. Item 16° Septembris pro donario dato doctori Capon qui adduxit pecunias collegio a doctore Fawne ij% In 1533, while Dr Heynes was vice-chancellor, some dis- turbances took place in connexion with the election of the proc- tors for the ensuing year, which took place on 10 October: — Apon St Denys Eve [8 Oct.] was there a greate Cumpany of 190 Lawyars a Jettyng [rioting, 'larking'. Cooper, Ann. I 160], w"'' came to the Quenes College, & to dyvers other Howses yn the nyght, abowte ten of the clocke, makyng a Proclamatyon at every Gate, after thys fasshyon, ' How yes, How yes, Take hede wliome ye make youre Proctor, for fere of that that shall cum after yf ye do Standysshe wrong ; Loke ye, make ye Stronge, &c.' The nexte nyghte after, they came agayne to every House with a greater Cumpany, by estymatyon there was 3 or 4 score, knocking likewise at the Vycecliancelors Gat, byd- dyng them cum owte, Knavys, Cowards & Heretyks, wherupon the Cumpany drove them away with Stones, and they cried fyre, to fyer the Gats, and that nyght tbe' callyd a Congregatyon on thys maner, ' Congregatio Regentium tantum in Scolis publicis cum gladiis et fustibus.' That nyght also, betwen 7 and 8, they got Mr Palley of Christ's college owt of the Howse by a trayne, and so bette hyra sore, and also polde of hys here, and the morrow after, at 8 of the clocke, [the] Doctors, Masters, Pryncypalls or Presydents assemblyd at the Vycecliancelors commawndment & they determynd every Presydent shuld be redy wyth a certayne [number of] Men apoynted, yf they wer sent for yn the tyme of the Election of the Proctors, and the Pryncypalls were commaund- ed to go home & pacifye y^ cumpany, and charge y™ that they shuld make noe busynes yn the Election tyme, & so yt was don. (MS. Baker xxvi. 76. Cooper, Ann. i. 362.) By the act of parliament (Stat. 26 Hen. YIII. c. 3) passed in the year 1534, the firstfruits and tenths of all ecclesiastical property was given to the crown. All bishoprics, abbeys, colleges, parsonages, chantries, &c. were valued by commissioners, and in the survey of the diocese of Ely, made by virtue of this act, the then two richest colleges, King's and St John's, were valued respectively at £751 and £507. In the valuation of the other colleges. Queens', which stands highest, was valued at £230. In consequence of this act it was decreed by the college 27 Feb. 1534-5 that the number of fellows in. priests' orders should be reduced from twelve to ten. The tenths were to be paid by the college, the firstfruits by the incoming fellow (Cooper, Atk i. 211, Dr Bill). The college order is as follows : — 191 Md. that the xxvij"* day of februarie in the xxvj* yere of kyng Henry the viij, Whereas by the kyng onr soveraigne lord and his parliament it is enacted at the last session that every monasterie and colledge among other thyngs shall pay the x"' part of the clere yerly valor of all ther rentes to the kyng ower soveraigne lord and his heires, so that this hows cannot susteyne the old accustomed number of prestes felows and scholers with other charges and also pay the seid' x*** part, It is therfore agreed and determyned bi the seid president and felows the day and yere abovesaid, that when and as sone as the romes of prestes within the said colledge may be void, no mo prestes shalbe in wagis accordyng to the statutes of this coledg but only ten. Provided allway that every man that is now prest shall have the stipend of a pi-est felow styll as hath bene accustomed, and that sir Umfrey, because he is now subdecan, assone as he is preste shall lykewise have the wages of a prest felow accordyng to the statutes (II. M. J. fo. 203 b. at the end of the accounts of 1533-34). (Edmund Umfrej took priest's orders about Easter, 1535. His title for orders is dated 12 Dec. 1534.) In the college accounts we find the following references to this matter : — II. M. J. 1534-35, fo. 2l!i b. Item pro scriptione commentarii accepti et expensi collegii pro rege d"" Umfrey et ejusdem bis rescripti y\ Item tum in pane et potu iis qui examinabant eundem librum vj^ Item pro rescriptione ejusdem libri alio modo, ut volebant fidei commissarii regis et duobus exemplaribus et pro rescriptione mandatorum regis in libello statutorum v'. fo. 213 b. Item honorarium doctori Butt et m™ doctori Thyrlbye xiij*^. III. M.J. 1535-36, p. 7. Item ultimo die Januarii D. Askam (Cooper, Ath, i. 263-4) pro scriptione duorum diploma- tum vj'. viij"*. Item pro vino D. Askam ij^ p. 17. Item ult° die Februarii p° pecuuia soluta D. regi. . .xxiiij". xix". Item m". Smythe scribenti suma redditus totius collegii viij^ 1536-37, fo. 29 b. Item xviij" Maji" m™ D. Day quum detulit acquietantiam a m" D. Smythe de scaccario d" regis iiij'^. 192 However the two universities and the colleges of Eton and Winchester were in 1536 discharged for ever of firstfruits and tenths by Act of Parliament (Stat. 27 Henry VIII. c. 42), the king being apparently forced into this measure by the fear of ruining the universities as places of learning. With the cause the effect also contained in the above college-order no doubt ceased. Dr Crayford the vice-chancellor (master of Clare hall i and formerly fellow of Queens' college), and Ealph Ainswortli of Peterhouse, the senior proctor, were the agents of the univer- sity in procuring this bill. In 1534 Alexander Alane, or Ales, the Scotch reformer, was s sent by Henry VIII. to Cambridge to read a lecture on the ■ Holy Scriptures. He became a member of Queens' college. , Writing to Martin Bucer, 1 Sept. 1550, he says: 'Audivi autem ; gegrotasse te et revaluisse et nunc profiteri sacras literas Canta- brigie, ubi ego olira habui jucundissimum sodalitium in collegio Begins. Hoc tantum molestum fuit, quod cogebar sequi Crum- vellium pro stipendio, quod nondum persolmtum est, sed nihil dubito quin tibi fideliter numeretur.' (MS. Parker, cxix. 215.) He began to read in the Schools on Ps. viij., but some opposi- tion being made, and the vice-chancellor Dr John Crayford favouring his opponents, he left Cambridge and went to London; he seems never to have returned to the university. (Cooper, , Ath. i. 238.) In the beginning of Oct. 1535 Thomas Cromwell, the kmgs f vice-gerent in matters ecclesiastical and chancellor of the univer- • sity (successor in this office to bishop Fisher), was appointed ( by Henry VIII. visitor of the university with full powers. At the same, time the king promulgated certain injunctions for) promoting piety, and extirpating error, heresy, superstition, i hypocrisy, and idolatry; and requiring the university to re- nounce all obedience to the pope of Eome, and that his autho- > rity be received as supreme under God. According to these injunctions. Queens' and the other colleges were to found two daily public lectures, one in Latin and one in ' Greek, the divinity lectures were to be upon the Old and New Testaments, 'according to the true sense thereof, and not after- the manner of Scotus, &c.;' the commentators on the Sentences 193 of Peter Lombard were to be abandoned altogether with all similar writers and their 'frivolous questions and obscure glosses;' and that 'students in arts should be instructed in the elements of logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geography, music, and philosophy, and should read Aristotle, Eodolphus Agricola (Reid's Mosheim, 1848, p. 544 b), Philip Melancthon, Trapezun- tius (Reid's Mosheim, p. 537 b), &c. and not the frivolous ques- tions and obscure glosses of Scotus, Burleus, Anthony Trombet, Bricot, Bruliferius, &c.' Thomas Legh, LL.D. (Cooper, Ath. i, 87. 535) was appointed Cromwell's delegate. He issued other injunctions on 20 Oct., one of which directed that the university and all the colleges * should before the feast of the Purification of the blessed Mary then next [2 Feb. 1535-6] deliver their respective charters of foundation, donation or appropriation, statutes, constitutions, pontifical bulls, and other diplomas and papistical muniments, with a rental of their immoveables and a true inventory of their moveable goods, into the hands of Master Thomas Cromwell, the king's visitor-general, to await his good pleasure.' Accord- ingly, on or about 25 Oct. 1535, the university and the several colleges acknowledged the king's supremacy and renounced the authority of the pope, and all papal bulls, exemptions, indul- gences, and dispensations; and they soon afterwards sent up their charters,' statutes, bulls, &c. with a rental of their lands and an inventory of their goods to the king's visitor. (Fuller, Hist. Univ. of Camh. ed, Prickett and Wright, 215 5".; Cooper, nn. i. 374 S.) The deed, by which the president and fellows of Queens' college made their submission to the king, has not been found; a similar deed of the society of Gonville hall, dated 25 Oct. ,1535, is given in Fuller's Hist, of the University of Camhridge ;(ed. Prickett and Wright, 216). The following items in the bursars' books refer to this Ivisitation : — III. M. J. 1535-36. p. 16. Item pro expensis visitationis ut patet per billam m" Tayler iij'. x^. Item pro ala eodem tempore i^. Item visitatori d" Lee [Legh] x?. 13 194. The parliament met on 8 June 1536, and an act was passed (Stat. 28 Hen. VIII. c. 10) for ' extinguishing the authority of the bishop of Rome,' and requiring an oath of renunciation and supremacy, to he taken by every person ' promoted or pre- ferred to any degree of learning in any university within this realm.' The records of the university were restored in 1537 : Cum itaque ad Henr. 8, celeberrimi regis tempera, qui omnem Pontificiam exterminavit potentiam, miiltse Papales bullae ad confir- 1 manda Cantebrigiensis Academise privilegia superessent, inclitissimus i ille Rex, etsi ea auferri, ne pontificum deinceps obtenderetixr au-i thoritas, jusserit, eorum tamen beneficiiim Academise salvum, inte- grumque esse voluit. Proinde a Procancellario universitatis et seniore ; Pi'ocuratore, ex edicto regie, clarissime viro T>. Themae Crumwellol Essexise comiti, et Academise huius Cancellarie, an. Dom. 1536 delatae sunt. Posteaque rursus traditse Thomse Argal, et Anthonio Huseo [Hussey], viris ad ea capienda censtitutis, an. dom. 1537 per Pobertum Stekes juniorem precuratorem, et Johannem Mear Bedellum armigerum academise. (Caius, Hist. Cant. Acad. 1574. Lib. i. p. 105.) N 12 Feb. 1536-37, a difference between the college and the Carmelite friars about a stone wall between the college and the convent was composed, by the pur-ij chase of it from the friars, as appears from the followingij document in the college treasury : — ■ Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum perveneritjij Geergius Legatte, clericus, prior domus et ecclesie fratrum Carmeli- tarum Cantebrigie in com. Cantebr. et ejusdem loci conventus, Salui tern in Domino sempiternam. Cum nuper lis et discordia mote fuerunt inter nos prefatos pri'i orem et cenventum ex una parte, et venerhabilem virum Simoneffi:; Heynes in Sacra Theologia professorem, magistrum sive presidenteir' cellegii Reginalis sancte Margarete et sancti Bernardi Cantebrigi*' predicte et secies ejusdem cellegii ex altera parte, de et super jure titulo et possessione cujusdam muri lapidei situati et construct! jiixt? collegium predictum in latere boreali ejusdem cellegii — cujus uriuri caput dicti muri abbuttat super regiam viam vocatam the Milestretc 195 versus orientem et aliud caput ejusdem abutfcat super communem rivolum versus occidentem, — Sciatis nos prefatos priorem et conventum — pro certa summa pecunie nobis per prefatos venerhabilem virum Simonem Heynes magistrum sive presidentem collegii predict! et socios ejusdem collegii permanentibus soluta, (de qua summa fatemur nos bene et fideliter fore solutos dictumque magistrum sive presidentem collegii pre- dict! ac successores suos inde esse quietos et exonerates per presentes,) et pro amicitia sua in posterum habenda — unanimi assensu et con- sensu nostris dedisse concessisse et hoc present! scripto nostro confir- masse prefatis magistro sive president! et sociis collegii predict! et successoribus suis totum predictum murum lapideum cum pertinentiis una cum solo sive tei-ra super quam predictus murus stat et situatur prefatis magistro sive president! collegii predict! et sociis ejusdem Dolleg!! et successoribus su!s inperpetuum, Ita videlicet quod nee nos prefat! prior et conventus domus sive ecclesie fratrum Carmelitarum predicte nee successores nostri, nee aliquis alius per nos pro nobis seu |iomine nostro in jure domus sive ecclesie nostre predicte, aliquod us titulum clameum possessionem usum interesse sive demandam de it in predicto muro lapideo sive solo seu terra super quam predictus ijaurus stat et situatur cum pertinentiis nee in aliqua inde parcella le cetero habere exigere seu vendicare nee reclamare poterimus eu debemus, sed ab omn! actione juris titul! clame! usus possessionis nteresse sive demande inde habenda sive petenda penitus sumus lixclusi inperpetuum per presentes. 5 Insuper nos diet! prior et conventus promlttimus per presentes, luod nee nos nee successores nostr! fodient nee fossum facient, nee liquid aliud undo dictus murus vel nutare vel inclinare vel corruere lossit. j Insuper cum predictus magister sive presidens et socii dicti jollegii in animo habeant, et decreverint &cere tres vel quatuor enestras sive plures sive pauciores in parte boriali cujusdam ambula- 'orii vocati ly Galari paten tis et adjacentis fundo dictorum fratrum jJarmelitarum, nos predict! prior et conventus fratrum Carmelitarum fredictorum concedimus et fideliter promittimus pro nobis et succes- Dribus nostris per presentes, quod nee nos nee successores nostri liquod edificabimus vel extruemus nee edificare vel extruere permit- •femus nomine titulo juris aliquem murum vel edificium quod possit ffirmare vel obstruere arcere vel obumbrare lumen a dictis feuestris dictis magistro et sociis edificandis, 13—2 196 In cuius rei testimonium huic pi-esenti scripto nostro tarn sigil- lum predict! prioris quam sigillum commune totius conventus appo- suimus. Datum in domo nostra capitulari duodecimo die mensis Februarii anno regni Henrici octavi Dei gratia Aughe et Irancie regis, fidei defensoris, et domini Hibernie et in terra supremi capitis Anglicane ecclesie vicesimo octavo. Per me Georgiu Legate per me Jobane per me WilTm Wylsone per me Tboma Murray Haddyngtone per me Will m Bulward. per me frem Clemetem Thorpe per me Wyllym Smytbe To this deed are appended the seals of the prior and of the community of the friars. The impression of the seal of the prior is very much worn; , it was oblong, 2iin. by l^in.; the centre bears a representation | of the Annunciation under a canopy, below is a small shield; the inscription is very indistinct, but seems to be siGiLLV prior' et fkm de carmelo cantebrigie. The seal of the community is circular, l^in. in diameter,; and represents an altar, on which stands a chalice touched by . a hand from heaven, the whole being surmounted by a kind oi canopy. The inscription, partly in Latin and partly in Gothic letter, is _ , S'. COITATIS FRM DE CARMELO CANTEBRIC* . The following extracts from the bursars' books refer to thia| purchase: — III. M. J. 1536-37, fo. 29. Item xi" Februaiii coquo pro pran-i dio duorum fraterculorum qui comitabantur priorem vu', Item xiij" Februarii m™ Thurlbye pro scriptione quam a frater culis accepimus in emptione muri lapidei xvj fo. 30 b. Imprimis xij° die Februarii pro muro cui collegi ' pars borealis imminet juxta publicas foricas usque ad arma rium publicum ^^"j"- "^J' fo. 23. Item xv° Februarii m" Cobb pro tribus fenestris erecti ' e quadrate lapide in deambulatorio magistri et ferramenti omnibus ad easdem luj . mj 197 Item iiij" Martii Laterumpositori . . . in . . . reparando muro qiiem emimiis a fratribus viij'. iij^ fo. 24. Item (ultimo Martii) Rogero Yownge vitrario pro tri- ginta pedibus vitri in novo presideutisdeambulatorio.. xij'. vj^ Item Lamberto pro sex ligneis fabricis in fenestris novis in deam- bulatorio magistri ■; vj^ Soon after the date of this deed Dr Hejnes resigned the mastership. The date, which is nowhere stated, is determined approximately bj the following extracts from the college accounts : II. M. J. 1536-7, fo. 29*. Item xiiij" Junii magistris Wilkes et Glynne pro expensis suis, qrnim ibant ad Swapham ad exami- nandum terminos illius acre, quam m'' D. Heynes dedit col- legio xix*. Item xx° Junii m'° Glynn quum deferebat literas ad magistrum electum xiij\ vj^ He certainly resigned before 20 June, and probably before 14 June, 1537. Some miscellaneous extracts from the college account books during the presidentship of Dr Heynes are here given : — I ! II. M. J. 1528-29, fo. 116 b. Item pro nova veste stragulata lecti magistri cum diversis imaginibus aprorum et hominum venatorum xxxviij^ iiij^ 1529-30, fo. 126. Willelmo Collyns carpentario per eundem diem [Jan. 17] et dimidium subsequentis laboranti circa medi- I tullium Blenerhassett ix**. ! 1530-31, fo. 138. Item Colyns pro factura (spheristerii) sphseri- diorum angl. ly whylbarows xij**, 1531-32, fo. 167. Item pro dono date domino de Wentford Londini vj'. Item pro j li. cere rubra vij^ 1532-33, fo. 179. Item solvi pictori Warde pro depictione ly hangings pro conclavi presidentis xx^ I fo. 186 b. Item xvj° Januarii magistro Stepleton pro magna ' carta pendenti in conclavi iij°. iiij^ 198 1534-35, fo. 207. Item tabella polita cui affigitur edictum Wyncliester i"J • fo. 209 b. Item d°° Umfrey pro transcriptione edictorum Wyn- cliester ^iij'- III. M. J. 1535-36, p. 17. Item for drynkynge wyth the presi- dent at Midsomer fayer xiij . 1536-37. p. 27. Item xx° Octobris pro quadiis quum milites aderant ■ ^J • fo. 28 b. Item xx°. Octobris (1536) pro duobus cadis zythi militibus ij'- y • Item pro candelis eisdem militibvis vij*. Item xxiij Octobris pro carta data pocillatoribiis iiij*. Item m"' Wylkes et Pomell pro expensis d" Edward! Chamber- layne et D. "Walgrave ex concessu m" et sociorum xxviij'. vj*. Item xxv° Octobris Amye (pauperculse) pro purgatione loci pro foribus in decessu militum ij • Item STibcoquo pro reductione oymbse ablatse a militibus ij**. (These were some of the soldiers sent under the duke of Norfolk to suppress the rebellion in the north.) jjN 16 July, 1537 (as has been stated), Dr Heynes was elected dean of Exeter, and in that capacity attended the baptism of prince Edward (afterwards Edward VI.), 15 Oct. 1537. (Strype, Mem. Vol. ii. B. i. ch. 1. p. 5.) Being a great statesman he was sometimes employed in weighty embassies to foreign princes, and was very successful ini' most of the affairs that were committed to his charge. (Downes.) In May, 1538, the dean and Bonner (afterwards bishop of London) were sent into Spain, and joined in commission witht sir Thomas V\^yat, resident ambassador to the emperor. ' Im-i pressed with the conviction, that sir Thomas treated thems slightingly, Bonner, in a letter to Cromwell, 2 Sept. 1538, from; Blois, charged him with traitorous correspondence with Keginalo! Pole, and with using disrespectful language of the king. Crom- r well, who was a firm fiiend of Wyat and could not fail to havt perceived the intense malignity of Bonner, treated the accusa-; tionwith contempt'; but, after his downfall, Bonner and Heyne\ renewed their accusation against Wyat, but with no hette: success; for though he was imprisoned in the Tower, anci 199 arraigned on a charge of treason, yet he was acquitted. This Wcis about the year 1540. (Cooper, Ath. i. 80.) The act of VI. Articles was made in the parliament that began on 28 April, 1539, though not without ' great striving and struggling in the house about passing these articles,' the king coming in person into the parliament-house to force it through. While the debates were still going on, ' at Eaton . . . there was a stout Priest, that blazed abroad triumphantly, that transubstantiation is determined to be believed as an article of our faith, &c. and two other things.' Hereupon Dr Heynes wrote a letter (MS. Cotton, Cleopatra E. v. art. 9) to 'some certain men of the court, as it seems, of great authority,' admiring how the king could pretend authority of Scripture for those articles, there being not any express word of God written for them : unless men use Scripture (said he) for proving these, as the bishop of Rome quoteth the Scripture to prove his authority to be ex jure di\ ino : he observed also, that if the king with the lords spiri- tual and temporal, &c. ' should establish these articles to be true iare dwino without any authority of Holy Scripture, or else by authority wrong understanded,' it ought to be considered that the emperor and the French king had the like power in their iominions to decree other things to be true, jure dwino, from Scriptures likewise wrong understond; so likewise the bishop of Rome in his dominions, and all the princes of Germany and Italy in theirs, and therefore much more a general council of the egates of these princes may determine things to be institute of 3rod in his Holy Scriptures, by Scriptures wrong understond, as ;he primacy of the Roman bishop, his power over kings and Dvinces and the permanent obligation of monastic vows : which night compel hira ' unawares finally to undo all that ' he ' hath •lone heretofore against the bishop of Rome, monks, and friars, &c.' Dr Heynes was of opinion that nothing ought to ' be decreed aor made by man to be an article of our faith, except the same 36 manifestly grounded upon Holy Scripture written, or at the east wise manifestly and plainly deduced out of Holy Scrip- :ure written;' and though speaking his mind boldly to his cor- irespondent, trusted that his fears might not be realized. (Strype, Mem, Vol. i. Book i. ch. 47, p. 352. App. cviii.) 200 On 17 Dec. 1540 Dr Heynes was appointed (by patent 32 Hen. VIII.) tlie first prebendary of the first stall in the cathe- dral church of Westminster upon the new foundation thereof, ' as a reward for the services he did in Embassies he was employed about by the King' (Strype, Mem. Vol. ii. B. ii. ch. 18, p. 386). About the year 1541, or 1542, Dr Heynes with sir Philip Hoby and his wife and others were by Dr London, Dean of i Wallingford, a busy persecutor, and some others combining together, put into a paper of complaints, which was presented to bishop Gardner, the King's great Privy Counsellor (in which ; Plot himself privily was), 'as Aiders and Maintainers of one 3 Antony Persons, a good Preacher in Windsor, who was about " that Time burnt' And Heynes was moreover accused as a Common Eeceiver of suspected Persons (Strype, r^Z>tsz«pra). I About the year 1543 he was by Thomas Sothorn (or Sothe- ; ron) treasurer of the church of Exeter (1531-57), and Dr Brewr- wood, chancellor [archdeacon of Barnstaple 1528-44, Oliver, Exeter, 294], accused to the council for preaching against the i superstitious use of holy bread and holy water, 'and that he i should say in one of his sermons (having occasion to speak of ;i matrimony) that " marriage and hanging were destiny," whence ' they would have gathered treason against him, because of the king's marriage, as though he had an eye to that. But however rj on this accusation he was sent to the Fleet, with sir Philip '), Hoby accused by Bishop Gardiner ' (Strype, uhi swprd). I Dr Heynes was one of the compilers of the ' Order of the t Communion' of 1548 and of the Prayer-Book of 1549, and in ij consequence in Samuel Downes' edition of bishop Sparrow's i Rationale upon the Book of Common-Prayer of the Church v of England (London 1722, 8"°), a sketch of his life is to be i' found. j' He was instituted to the rectory of Newton Ferrers Devon- shire 25 March 1538, This living he held till his death, his successor John Pollard being instituted 19 Jan. 1552-3. In the royal commission dated 12 Apr. 1549, he was asso- ciated with archbishop Cranmer, bishops Goodrich of Ely, Heath of Worcester, Thirlby of Westminster, Day of Chichester, Hoi- 201 beacli of Lincoln, Ridley of Rochester and others, for inquiring into heretical pravitj. In ^laj 1549 he was placed among the commissioners for visiting and reforming the colleges and university of Oxford. In this ca])acity he was one of the five who presided at the public disputation held in the divinity school there for three days between Peter Martyr and Dr William Tresham, canon of Christ's church, and others, concerning Transubstantiation (Strypc, Cramner, B. ii. ch. 14), pA Heynes drew up, probably soon after the dissolution of the religious houses, some articles for reforming the constitution of his cathedral: as they were never acted upon, they probably never received the approbation of the king, to whom they were submitted. They have been printed by Dr Geo. Oliver in his Lives of the Bishops of Exeter , &c,. (Exeter 1861, 8^'°) pp. 477—483, from Harl. MS, No. 604. 59. From his work they are here given, as assisting us somewhat in forming an estimate of the Dean. Certein Articles noted for the Reformance of the Cathedral Church of Excester, submitting them unto the King's Majestie. 1. First, that the names of Dean and Chapter, with the names of Chaunter, Treasorer, Chauncelor, Subdean, Prebendaries, Chanons, &c., may be chaunged into names of holy scripture as pastor of the churche and prechars of the gospell. And that all lends and other yerly emoliments heretofor given to the Dean and Chapter and other Dignitees by the names aforesaid maie remaine to the use of the pastor and prechars of the same Churche and be emploied only to such uses as hereaflfter ensewith. 2, That the pastor having care of the churche, may have to his owne use for the sustentacon of himself and his howshold all manner yerly revenewes whiche the Dean had before, with the porcon of on prechar like as the Dean had before, this office of the pastor to be evermore at the gift and disposicon of the kings majeste. The pastor to be ever a doctor of divinite lafulli admitt in an univer- site of this realme. 202 3. That there may be also eleven other prechars, doctors orellis bachelors of divinite, lefuUy admitt within an universite of this realme, whiclie with the pastor shall preache by cowrss an sermon within the said cathedral church every Sondaie and halidaie in the yer; every of them to have yerly ffiffty pownds, thes eleven, prechars to be evermore at the gift of the Bushope, provided that if the Bushope do by any sinister affecon promote any unable man to the rowme of a prechar, that then he shall forfaite the gifft of all the said prechars to the kyngs grace during the liff of the Bushop so offending, and the unable persone nevertheless to be deprived. And that the said pastor because he hath cure of the churche shall be bownd to preache four sermons over and besids his porcon of the prechars sermons, upon these four fests following, that is to say, an sermon upon All Hallo wes dale, an sermon upon Christmas dale, an sermon upon the Epiphany daie, and an sermon upon thAssencon daie and that in his owne person, if he be present and not seike, etc, and if he be absent or lettid by sekenes or other- wise, than to provide at his owne cost and charge, that the said sermons be done by lerned and able prechars. Upon all the residew of Sondaies and halidaies, the pastor shall be non otherwise bownd to preache, but by cowrss and as other prechars are bownd. Item that the said pastor and prechars and every of them may be bownd yerly to preache abrode in the diocese of Excester spetialli in churches appropriat unto the said cath. churche eight sermons, that is to sale evry quarter two upon peine, &c. 4. That the said pastor and prechars every Sondaie and halidaie as they shall be resident and present, may be bownd to sing high mass, and to execute suche divine service within the said cathedral churche, as it shall please the kyngs grace to assigne. Provided, that the pastor shall execute only upon the fests folowing if he be present upon All Hallowes daie, Christmas daie, Epiphani daie, on the Purification of our Ladies daie, Good Fridaie, Ester daie, Whitsonday and thAssencon daie, upon all other Sondaies and holidaies, the said eleven prechars by cowrss to sing high mass and to execute other divine service as they shal be present. 5. That the said pastor and prechars and evry of them may be bownde to kepe hospitalite and to be present at morow mass or ellis at high mass daily by the space of forty dales together or at several tymes, evry quarter of the yer and evry of the said forty dales, either to dyne or suppe in his owne howss. Provided 20S ahvaie, that when so ever it shall happen the said pastor or ony of the other prechars to be seke within ther own howses at Excester that during the time of ther seknes they may be discharged of the qweir provided also that if it shall happen ony of the said pastor and prechars to be sent ambassadors from the kyngs majeste unto ony forein prince or place beyond the see, orellis to be sent for to be present at ony convocation or cownsail within this realme, that evry of them so being absent by the kyngs graces commandement shal be accepted as present in the said churche, and have all manifold profits of a prechar resident and keping hospitalite in the same, from the dale of his knowledge of the kyngs graces pleasor in the premises, unto the dale of his retorne unto the kyngs ma- jeste and eight dales affter. And unto thend of suche cownsaile or convocacon, and eight dales afiter the same cownsaile or con- vocacon is ended. Provided also, that the said pastor and prechars being absent in preching ther quarter sermons in the diocese, shalbe accepted as present for so long as they ar occupied in that busyness. 6. That the pastor and prechars entering residence in the said cathedral chui-che, may enter frely withoute paying ony money to the cathedral churche or to any other persone or persones for the same, except anly the first fruts and the tenth dew to the kyngs majeste by his lawes and the ordinari fees dew to the Bushop and pastor for institucon and indviccon in the same. Ony statute or custome of the said churche hei-tofore made to the contrary not- withstanding. 7. That the corporacon of the churche, which was by the name of Dean and Chapter of Seint Peters Churche in Excester may be changed, and to be called now the pastor and prechars of Christs Churche in Excester and the comen seale which now hath graven in it the image of Seinte Peter with a triple crowne may be likewise alterid, 8. That the correcon of the priests and peple within the Closs of the churche of Excester, and of all churches and parishes appropriate to the same may pertyn unto the pastor aforesaid, as of right it per- teyned before unto the Dean, who hath the jurisdiccon of an Arche- decon within the churche, and -within all parishes appropriat to the same, as apperith by sufficient writings under seale, for now, neither the Archedecon from whom they be exempte, nor yet the Dean unto whom such correcon perteyneth, do correcte the enormitees of priests 204 and other within the peculiar jurisdiccon of the said Dean. Maie it therefore, please the kyngs majeste to restore imto the pastor the jurisdiccon of an Archedecon with like comoditees fees and profits within the said cathedral churche and parishe churches appropriat, as Archedecons hath of churches within ther jurisdiccons, &c. 9. That ther may be in the said churche a lerned man in holy scriptui-e, that shall rede a lecture openly in the churche three days evry weke (he to have forty marks for his labor) and that the said pastor and prechars may be bound daili both at dyner and supper to have som parte of holy scripture redd at ther tables, &c., the said redar to be chosen, & upon just causes to be removed by the pastor and six other prechars of the said churche, and the said pastor and prechars being in towne may be bound dailie to be present when the lecture is redd. 10. That tliere may be in the said cathedral churche a fre song scole, the scholemaster to have yerly of the said pastor & prechars twenty marks for his wages and his howss fre, to teach forty children frely to rede, to write, syng and play upon instruments of music, also to teach them ther a. b. c. in greke and hebrew and evry of the said forty childre to have wekely 12d, for ther meat and drink and yerly 6s. 8d. for a gowne, they to be bownd daili to syng and rede within the said cathedral churche such divine service as it may please the kyngs majeste to alowe. The said childre to be at comons all together with three priests hereaffter to be spoken of, to see them well ordered at their meat and to reform their manners. ] 1. That ther may be a fre gramar scole within the said cathedral churche, the scholemaster to have 201. by yer, and his howss fre, the ussher 101. and his howss free, and that the said pastor and prechar may be bound to fynd 60 childre at the said gramar scole, giving to evry on of the children 12d. wekely to go to comons within the cite at the pleasor of ther frends, so long to con t^ new as the scholemaster do see them diligent to lern. The pastor to appointe eight, every prechar four, and the schole- master four : the said childre serving in the said churche and going to such scole to be preferred before strangers. Provided always, that no child be admitted to thexhibicon of the said churche, whose father is knowen to be worth in goods above 3001. or ellis may dispend above 401. yerly of enheritance. 12, That the said pastor and prechars may be bound to find 205 twenty-four scolers at the universitees, twelve at Cambridge and twelve at Oxford, every of them to have five marks yerly and on of the twelve in either universitee to be paimaster tmto the reside w and he to have 13s. 4d. yerly above the porcon of others, the scolers browght up in the scole of Excester to be preferred to these exhibicons before strangers. Six to be assigned by the bushop, six by the pastor, and every other prechar to assigne one. 13. To find also twenty -four poor men, maymed in the kyngs warres, blinde, lame, or aged and impotent, having no londs nor goods to live on, nor able to get ther living by labor, evry of them to have 12d. wekely, and yerly a gowne price Gs. 8d. and ther howss fre. Non of them to begg, upon peyu to be put owte of that rowme. The maier and his brethenie at evry vacacon to present unto the pastor and prechars three of the moste poore men, and the pastor and prechars to be bound to take on of three so by the maier and his bretherne named. 14. To find three honest prests daili to say morow mass in the said cathedral churche and daili at the same tyme to declare unto the peple being present a parte of the Paternoster in Englishe, a parte of the ten commandments, orellis a part of the articles of Christs faithe. And all the children both of the song scole and gramar scole to be bound daili to be present thereat, with ther scolemasters. And that on of the said priests also by cowrss may be bownd to sing daily high mass and evry of thes prests to be bownd to be present at all divine service, with the master of the song scole, every of them also bownd whan nede shall require to minister all sacraments, and to visit seek men within the parishe of the said cathedral church, to be choseu by the pastor and six of the prechars and upon resonable causes by them to be pub owte, evry of the said three so long as they diligentli execute ther office to have yerly for ther wages 20 marks, they to go to comons together with the scolemaster of the song scole and all the forty childre with them, to thinteut they may see the good ordre of the same childre. 15. That two of the said twelve prechars may be yerly chosen at the fest of Seint Michael, to receive and pay such sumes of money as ar to be received and paid, and to make ones in the yer a trew and perfite accompte and either of them to have 41. over and besids ther porcons above limetid. 16. To fynd also a clerk to write their rekenings and to make ^06 ther books of accompte perfite, he to have yerly 20 nobles wages, and meat and drink with the pastor and prechars present, where he list to take it. 17. To fynd a lerned man in the lawes of the realme resident for the more parte in Devonshire to be present at all law daies and courts of the said pastor and prechars to se justice executed and peace kept among ther tenants and he to have 20 marks fee yerly. 18. To find an honest man, to be verger of the churche to se silence kept in tyme of sermons, lectures and other divine service within the same, daily to attend upon the bushop being present, and in his absence upon the pastor being present, the said verger to have 81. yerly wages meat and drink with the biishop being present and in his absence with the pastor being present. 19. To fynd a man to kepe the gates of the closs, the clocke and chyme and to ring in dew times unto sermons lectures p.nd other divine service, he to have 51. wages, and meat and drink with the said pastor and prechars being present. 20. Because upon certeyn holidaies ther be distribucons given unto the Dean and Chanons to kepe them at home in the cathedral churche, whan it were most expedient they wer abrode in the contre to preache the word of God, and ageyn at Assisis and Sessions (when it were the kyngs graces honor, and all ther honestees to be at home, to kepe hospitalite for them that resort for the ex- ecucon of justice and of their tenants, &c.) thei be absent. Therefor may it please the kyngs grace to converte the 521. by yer given for mayntenance of hospitalite upon halidaies to the mayntenance of hospitalite, at Assisis and Sessions, that is to say, that the said pastor and every other prechar being present either at Assise or Sessions holden quarterly at Excester to have 20s. so that every of them kepe two messes of meate within their owne howses, by the space of two daies, both at dyner and supper in tyme of the said Sessions and Assisis. 21. That the said pastor and every prechar, ones begyning his quarter residense, although he deye before the same quarter residense be finished, shall have his porcon whoUy for that quarter as if he had fully kept forty daies residence, and had preached his sermons, and the statute de anno post mortem to be utterly abro- gate, &c. 22. That the said pastor and prechars do not diminishe the 207 summe of tlie comon tresor now remayning in the said cathedral churclie to pay the ministers of Godd's worde and scolers aforesaid ther wages, unto new rents certain, ixpon pein to be deprived of their benefices, 23. That it may be lefull to the pastor and prechars at the yeres end, all manner duties paid ordinary and extraordinari and after that the common tresor of the churche provided before hand be fully restored and a perfite accompte finished what to every man shall clerly remayne of the yerly revenew of the same cathedral churche, that to devid equalli among the said pastor and prechai-s resident, according as hath ben accustomed. Provided that evry man deying before his quarter be ended, and evry man being absent upon tbe lefle causes before rehersid, shall have his porcon of this divident, like as if they wer resident. 24. Finalli that it may be lefull to the said pastor and prechars and to their successors to make ordinances with the consent of ther bushop, for the good ordre of the said two scoles and ther scole- masters and of the said three prests, verger and other officers, so that suche ordinances to be made by them be no point contrary to the kyngs graces ordre taken for reformacon of the said churche, by acte of parliament. Edmund Lacj bishop of Exeter died in 1455, and was "buried on the north side of the choir of the cathedral. The people had conceived the highest veneration for his memorj, and after his death ' many miracles were said and devised to be done at his tomb, whereupon great pilgrimages were made hy the common people to the same,' To put a stop to this, Dean Heynes removed the brass from the slab (Leland, Itin. iii. 45) : the slab still remains. (Oliver). Dr Heynes died in Oct. 1552 (Strype, Mem. Vol. ii. Book ii. ch. 18). His canonry and prebend in Exeter cathedral were given on 28 Dec. 1552 to John Blaxton, his rectory of Newton Ferrers three weeks later to John Pollard (Oliver, Exeter, 276, 477), his canonry at Westminster to Dr Andrew Perne fellow of Queens' college, who was installed 8 Nov. and the rectory of 208 Fulham on 21 Nov. to Edmund West (Cooper, AtU. i. 118. Newcourt). By his wife Joan , he left a son, Joseph, aged above five years on 16 July 1555. His widow soon married' Dr William Mey, his successor in the presidentship of Queens'. He died before 21 Oct. when his successor was presented to the rectory of Fulham. His arms were : Gu. crusily and a cinquefoil Or. Some books, formerly belonging to Dr Heynes, were pre- sented to the college library by Dr Thomas Yale. They were Tertulliani Opera, Basiled, 1528, fo. (M. 9. 20). Cypriani Opera, studio curaque D. Erasmi Rot. Basil. 1525, fo. (M. 9. 19). The latter contains the dean's autograph, and the binding of both bears the inscription SALVS . mea . dns. S. H. Under pieces of thin horn fastened to the bindings of these books is the following written on parchment : Thomas Yale Britanus Legti Doctor Cancellarius Archie piscopi Oantuariesis quondam Socius hujus collegii hunc libru dedit huic bibliotliecsg. A". D'. 1562. Januarii 6°. The following extract from the Court rolls of Mildenhall refers to the property which Dr Heynes possessed there, and to his son Joseph : — Ad curiam generalem D. Philippi et D. Marise Dei gratia, &c., xvi die Julii anno regni diet, regis et reginse primo et tertio irrotulatur sic. Presentatum est per totum homagium, quod Simon Heynes clericus diu ante istam, curiam vid. per duos annos jam elapsos, fuit seisitus secundum consuetudinem hujus manerii in dominico sue ut de feodo, de et in duabus arabilis terrse parcellis de xxxv acris et 209 dimid. terrse nuper in ternira Johannis Heynes, — ac de et in uno tenemento vocato Bernardes nuper in teniira Johannis Cotton, — ac de et in Ivij acris et ij rodis terrse et pasturse sive plus sive minus, prout jacent in campis de Myldenhal predicta in diversis peciis, ut patet in curia hie tenta die Jovis proximo post festum sancti Lucse Evangelistse anno regno regis Henrici viij. xxxviij" [21. Oct. 1546], — nee non de et in xij acris terrse nativse jacentibus in Townefield et Twamelfield in diversis peciis, — ac de et in iiij acris et dimidio terrse jacentis in Myldenhal predicta, — ac de et in quinque rodis terrse jacentibus in Halywelfield. Quapropter pi'semissa idem Simon nuper habuit ex sursum redditione Wilhelmi Heynes, prout patet in curia hie tenta die Martis proximo post dominicam in Albis anno regni regis Edwardi sexti primo [19. Apr. 1547.] et sic seisitus idem Simon de omnibus sapradictis prsemissis inde obiit solus seisitus. Efc quod Joseph Heynes est filius et heres ejus propinquior et raodo setatis quinque annorum et amplius : qui quidem Joseph prsesens hie in curia in propria persona sua petit se admitti ad omnia supradicta prsemissa tanquam ad jus et hereditatem suam. Et D. rex et D. regina ex gratia sua special!, per Clementem Heigham militem seneschallum suum, concesserunt ei inde seisinam tenendam sibi heredibus et assignatis suis per virgam ad voluntatem diet. D. regis et D, reginse secundum consuetudinem hujus manerii, per servitia et redditus inde debita &c. Salvo jure, &c. Et dat. D. regi et D. reginse v". de fine pro ingressu suo habendo, et fidelitas inde respectuatur quousque &c. Et ulterius consideratuni est per curiam, quod dictus Joseph est infra setatem ut prefertur : ideo determinatum est et concessum est quod Johanna Heynes nuper uxoris prsedicti Simonis ac mater prsedicti Josephi habebit custodiam ejusdem Joseph quousque idem Joseph pervenerit ad suam legitimam setatem. (Fox, Acts and Mon. ed. Townsend. v. 359.) The manor farm of Newberry Barking, at the dissolution of Barking Abbey, to which it belonged, was granted by the king to Sir Eichard Gresham. In 1578 Joseph Heynes esq. pur- chased it, who in 25 Eliz. got the queen's pardon for acquiring the same to him self... without her Majesty's licence (Newcourt, ii. 33, where Heynes is miscalled Harris), and Simon Heynes his son and heir conveyed it in 1625 to Th. Stych, esq. (Lysons, 14 210 Environs, iv. 80). The manor of Wangay was granted to Joseph Heynes by queen Elizabeth in 1601, and his son Simon sold it in 1623 to Thomas Fuller, esq. Joseph Heynes died 1621, and was buried in Barking church (Lysons, Environs, iv. 94). On 20 Sept, 1575, a grant of arms was made to Simon Heynes of Mildenhall Suffolk by Eobert Gooke Clarenceux king of arms (Lemon, Col. of State Papers, 1547-80, p. 503). 211 n* miilimx Mt^. June 1537— c. Nov. 1553. 29 Hen. VIII.— 1 Mariaj. FTER the resignation of Dr Hejnes, William Mey LL.D, succeeded to the presidentship. He was a native of Suffolk, and a fellow of Trinity Hall; he proceeded bachelor of civil law 1526, C Conceditur d"° Maje ut studium septem annorum in hac universitate in jure civili secundum formam statuti sufficiat sibi ad in- trandum in eodem jure.' Grace book r, MS. Baker xxxi. 184) and com- menced doctor in that faculty in 1530 (' 1529-30. Conceditur m''° Meye ut studium 3 : annorum in jure civili post gradum Bac: sufficiat sibi ad incipiendum in eodem jure.' Grace book T, MS. Baker xxxi. 187). In the notes to ' The Pilgrim,' written by William Thomas clerk of the council to Edward VI. and edited by J. A. Froude M.A. (8vo. London, 1861), we find (note A, pp. 83, 84) references to a Dr May. Inigo de Mendoza, the secret agent of Charles V. in England, writes to that king on 17 June, 1529: ' Dr May has written to me of his interview with the Pope. He has sent me a copy of the protest which he has entered in the Queen's behalf And M. de Praet, the king's minister at Eome, writes thence on 5 Auar. to Charles: 'Dr May has reported to your 14—2 212 Majesty a conversation which he has held with some of [the Cardinals] touching benefices and the like.' Mr Froude was unable to afford any information as to who ' Dr May ' was, but as these letters were written in the summer of 1529, and Wil- liam Mey did not take his LL.D. degree till 1530, the two can- not be the same person. He may have been one of the early band of Gospellers mentioned under Dr Farman, as we find him executor in 1529 to Dr Eichard Smith, another fellow of Trinity hall, one of those early adherents of the reformation who were accus- tomed to meet at the White Horse, and who is stated to have been for sometime imprisoned on the charge of heresy (Cooper, Afh. i. 37); he was however in July 1529 employed by the college in procuring the papal confirmation ,of their statutes. (See p. 188.) He was chancellor to Nicholas West bishop of Ely, after whose death in 1533 he became a great favourite with bishop Goodrich his successor : he acted as his proxy at his installation at Ely 2 May 1534. In Nov, 1533 he brought down letters to the university from Dr Heynes the vice-chancellor, who was then in London to pro- cure the confirmation and enlargement of the university privi- leges (Cooper, Ann. i. 362). In 1534 archbishop Cranmer appointed him his commissary for visiting the diocese of Norwich (Strype, Cranmer, B. i. ch. 7); and although bishop Nikke at first disputed his authority, yet he was at last compelled to yield. On 27 March 1535 he was instituted to the rectory of Bishop's Hatfield Hertford- shire on the king's presentation, which he held by a dis- pensation from the archbishop, as he was not yet in priest's orders. ' On Trinity Eve 7 June 1536 he was after the fashion of those days (see Simon Heynes' title for orders, p. 178) ordained subdeacon, deacon, and priest all at once, by bishop Goodrich, in Holbourn chapel (Cole MS. Vol. xlvr. p. 131). As proctor for the diocese of Ely he signed the articles of 1536. In 1537 Dr Mey was appointed by archbishop Cranmer one of the commissioners for devising a wholesome and plain expo- sition of the Ten Commandments, the Lord's Prayer, the Apo- stle's Creed, and the Sacraments, and ' to set forth a truth of 213 religion purged of errors and heresies' (Strype, Cranmer, B. i. cli. 13). Their labours produced ' The godly and pious Institu- tion of a Christian man' or 'the Bishops' Book,' printed in that year. About June 1537 he was elected president of Queens' col- lege, though by what influence is no where stated : Dr Heynes may however have procured his election as his successor to for- ward the opinions to which he himself was attached. Dr Mey became sinecure rector of Littlebury Essex 12 May 1538, and on 17 Oct. 1540 bishop Goodrich collated him to the rectory of Balsham Cambridgeshire. III. M. J. 154243, fo. 100. Item 20 Novembris Normanno pro equo et pane eidem ante exitum, et Hiigoni Glyn (Cooper, Ath. L 209) portanti literas a prseside ad magistrum ad Bal- sham de curiis tenendis apud Haverill viij'*. ■ (We find here the president termed master,, and the vice-pre- sident president, according to the custom of most of the other colleges.) On the refoundation of the church of Ely 10 Sept. 1541, he was appointed to a canonry (third stall) therein. III. M. J. 1556-46, fo. 138 b. Item m"' Hutton et Deconson missis Eli ad consulendum presidem in negotiis collegii et pro cimba et ei qui earn rexerat '^''' j**- In 1545 an act of parliament was passed ' for the dissolution of colleges,' which empowered the king to appoint commissioners to enter into all such colleges, chantries, hospitals, fraternities, &c., as should be specified in their commission, and on their entry into the same, vested them in tlie king. This act placed all the foundations in the universities at the king's disposal; and as the courtiers were suing the king to survey their lands and possessions that they might get their share of them, certain i friends of the university persuaded the king not to appoint anv of his ofBcers of state for that purpose, but Dr Matthew Parker master of Corpus Christi college then vice-chancellor, Dr John jEedman master of King's hall, and Dr William Mey. These 214 were empowered to enquire into the possessions of the several colleges in this university, and to ascertain how the statutes were observed. The king's commission is dated 16 Jan. 1545-6. A summary of the surveys was presented by the three com- missioners to the king at Hampton court, and the result was that the colleges were saved from dissolution, and even from being forced to exchange their lands for impropriations, which they feared almost as much. On 1 Nov. 1545 Dr Mey became prebendary of Chamber- lain's wood in the church of St Paul, of which on 8 Feb. 1545-6 he was elected dean (ISTewcourt). There was some difficulty about his election, for on 24 Jan. 1545-6 the privy council wrote to the chapter to proceed to the election of Dr William Mey, the king's chaplain,, to the deanship without further delay or cautel used by them under pretence there wanted the great seal unto the king's letters in that behalf. Bonner was then bishop of London, and may have had something to do with these delays. As dean Dr Mey continued, notwithstanding the opposition of the bishop, to further and advance the reformation to the ut- most of his power. In August 1546 he and sir William Petre were sent to Calais to treat with the commissaries of the king of France, and sir William describes Dr Mey as ' a man of the most honest sort, wise, discrete and well lernyd, and one that shall be very mete to sarve His Majesty in many wayes' (Cooper, Ath.). At the time of the death of Henry YIII. and the accession of the young king Edward YI. (28 Jan, 1546-7) the reforming party was in power, and a royal visitation for all the dioceses was decreed in May 1547. Among the visitors for the western dioceses of Salisbury, Exeter, Bath, Bristol, and Gloucester, were the two deans Dr Mey and Dr Heynes. In the same year he was (together with sir W. Paget, high steward of the university, sir Thomas Wendy the king's phy- sician, sir Thomas Smith, sir William Cecil, and John Cheke) empowered by the university to determine all disputes between the university and the town (Cooper, Ann. ii. 6). In the early part of 1548 he was associated with the primate 215 and otlier ' notable learned men' in drawing up the ' Order of the Communion' published 8 March 1548 (i.e. 1547-8). The same commission afterwards brought out ' The book of the Com- mon Prayer and administration of the Sacraments, and other rites and ceremonies of the church, &c.', commonly called the first Prayer-book of Edward YI , which was established by the Act of Uniformity, Stat. 2 and 3 Edw, VI. c. 1, and ordered to be used by Whitsunday 9 June 1549, though in London it was in use as early as Easter-day 21 April. On 12 Nov. 1548 he was appointed one of the commissioners for visiting the university. This visitation began 6 May 1549 and terminated 4 July. He was one of the commissioners for the suppression of heresy, for reforming and codifying the laws ecclesiastical, and (8 Sept. 1549) for examining his own bishop Bonner for several matters of contempt of the king's order, but the dean though present does not seem to have taken any prominent part in the latter proceedings. He was one of the judges of Georg van Parre, the Dutchman tried 4 Apr. 1551 for Arianism, for which he was burnt. (Fox, Acts and Mon. ed. Townsend, v. 750-800.) Dr Mey was a friend of I)r Matthew Parker, master of Cor- pus Christi college, and assisted him in the revision of the sta- tutes of that college, which was made at the beginning of the reign of Edward VI. (Masters, CCCC. 78). On 2 Jan. 1551-2 Dr Mey was empowered with others to assist the lord chancellor in hearing causes, and became one of the masters of requests 6 Edw. VI. 1552. In 1552 or 1553 he married Joan the widow of his predecessor Dr Heynes. Edward VI. died 6 July 1553, and his sister Mary ascended the throne. In consequence of the change of religion which soon followed, Dr Mey lost most of his preferments, including the mastership of Queens'. His doings in queen Mary's reign and ' his subsequent career will be related hereafter. j We find the following references to Dr Mey as dean in the ' Gkromde of the Grey Friars of London, e^. by J. Gr. Nichols for I the Camden Society, 1851. F ' 1549. The ij*^^ sonday of Lent preched Coverdalle, and whan hye masse was done the dene of Powlles, that was that 216 tyme William May, commandyd the sacrament at the hye autre to be pullyd downe (p. 58). * 1550. Item on Sente Barnabes day wa3 kepte no holiday through alle Londone at the commandment of the mayer, arid at nyght was the aulter in Powlles pullyd downe, and as that day the vayelle was hongyd up benethe the steppes and the tabulle sett up there; and a sennet after there the comunion was mynys- terd (p. 67). ' Item at Chrystmas was put downe in Powlles the Rectores Chori, wyth all their coppys et processione, and no more to be usyd (p. 68). '1551. Item the xxiiij. day of the same monyth [March] after was the grattes besyde the hye alter in Powlles closyd up, that the pepulle shulde not loke in at the tyme of the comu- nyone tyme and the vayle hongyd up. And the xxviij. day after was Ester evyne, and then was the tabulle remevyd, and sette benethe at the vayele northe and sowthe ; and on Esterday the dene, then beynge Wyllyam Maye, dyd mynyster hym-selfe (p. 69). ' 1552. Item the iiij. day of September was apone a sonday, and then the qweer of Powlles had a commandment from the dene from Cambryge at the byshoppe of Cantorberes visitation that he shulde leve the playnge of organs at the devyne servys, and soo left it (p. 75).' Dr Mey is described as being well skilled in the constitution both of church and state, and (as has been seen) there was scarcely any considerable step taken towards the reformation of the prevailing corruptions and abuses in either, without his opinion being taken. E turn now to the history of the college during the sixteen years of Dr Mey's first presidentship. The chief event undoubtedly was the surrender of the neighbouring monastery of the Carmelite friars to the crown and the acquisition of their land and buildings by the college : this is therefore perhaps the best place to put together what is known of the history of that house. 217 The Carmelites or White Friars came over to England in the reign of Richard I. Those who settled near Cambridge lived first at Chesterton, and afterwards (since 1249) at Newn- ham, where Michael Malherb gave them a habitation. Here they built a number of cells ' ecclesiamque claustrum et dormi- torium et officinas satis honestas,' covering altogether about three acres of ground. Only a portion of this was given by Malherb, the rest they had from other benefactors and by purchase. By writ directed to the mayor and bailiffs of Cam- bridge, tested 14 July, 1270 (Rot. Lib. 54 Hen. HI MS. Baker XXV. 20), king Henry III. required them to pay out of the farm of the town to the friars of the order of Mount Carmel dwellino: in Cambridge the sum of 52 shillings, being the king's gift for their expenses. The following is the account of the monastery given in Rotuli Hundredorum of 1279 (ii. 360 b. London, 1812-18 fo.). It consists of part of the survey of Cambridge drawn up by certain jurors for the information of the Court of Exchequer : Item fratres de Monte Carmeli habent qiiendam locum ubi inha- bitant et ubi ecclesia eorum fundata est in ISTeunliam, ciijus vero loci quandam partem habent de dono Mich. Malerbe in perpetuam elemo- sinam et aliam partem de perquisite et de dono plurimorum, et con- tinet in se tres acras terre et ampKns; utrum autem habeant con- firm ationem de dono regis [vel] non, ignorant. The friars only remained about 40 years in Newnham. In 1290 (18 Edw. I.) they petitioned the parliament that William de Hamelton might give them a house which he had in the town of Cambridge, where they might build their habitation anew, because they then dwelt without the town, viz. at Newn- ham, where in winter they suffered many and great inconveni- ences on account of the inundation of the waters, so that the scholars could not have access to them to hear divinity, nor could they go to the town to obtain their victuals. On tliis petition an inquisition was awarded {Bot. Pari. i. 51). Their new house was built in the parish of St John Milnestrete, many houses being destroyed to make way for their buildings, and in 1292 they removed thither, and there remained till the dissolu- 218 I tion of religious houses. King Edward I., sir Guy de Mortimer, and Thomas de Hertford were great benefactors to them. About the same time Humphrey Necton, one of the friars, was permitted by the university, at the request of William de Ludham, bishop of Ely and chancellor of the university, to graduate in theology ; afterwards he read lectures in the house of the Carmelites. In 1291 a composition was made between Barnwell Abbey and the Carmelites ' pro indsmnitate ecclesie sancti Johannis.' By letters patent dated 16 Oct. 5 Edw. III. 1331, Joan de Caumpe had license to give to the monastery a messuage with its appurtenances contiguous to their dwelling. The Carmelites from the different monasteries in England, who studied at Cambridge, dwelt in this house till they graduated in divinity, when they returned to their several abodes. A list of such of these as were learned writers is given in Fuller's History of the University, sub anno 1282 (ed. Prickett and Wright, 69). The 'Trinity chest,' a sum of £100 given in 1348 by bishop Bateman of Norwich to be lent on pledge to members of the university, was in the custody of the Carmelites. This chest was seized by the townspeople in the great riots of 1381. In the processions which were held to commemorate the benefactors of the university, and which took place on the first Friday in Advent, the Friday next before Palm Sunday and the Friday next before the Ascension, the Carmelite friars took the third place in the procession (Cooper Ann. i. 118, a, 1380). In 1388 a parliament was held at Cambridge, and during its session Willam Courtney archbishop of Canterbury, and Edmund of Langley duke of York and earl of Cambridge, lodged in the house of the Carmelites. No mention is made of the Carmelite friars in the visitation by archbishop Arundel in 1401, though the house of the White Canons and the nunnery of St Rhadegund were visited by the commissioners. Lady Margery Eoos bequeathed them 405. in 1477 and Eoger Drury of Hawstead 3^. 4c?. in 1493 (Cullum's Hawstead, 117). In the High Gable Eental of Cambridge we find the Carmelites assessed at 16c?. (Cooper, Ann. i. 228). After the 219 dissolution of the friary we find this payment continued by the college. III. M. J. 1540-41, fo. 83. Item 7° Decembris Hawys juniori pro redditu debito oppidanis pro edibus Carmelitarum... xvj'\ The following are the chief references to the house of the Carmelites : — Dugdale, Monasticon Anglicanum. Tanner, Notitia Monastica (fo. London, 1744), pp. 48, 49. Cooper, Annals of Cambridge, i. 45. 53. 62. 135. 228. Fuller, Hist. Univ. Camhr. ed. Prickett and Wright, 42. ff. 67. 69. 133. Leland, Collect, ed. 1770. Vol. i. Part. ii. p. 443. Barnwell Cartulary, MS. Earl. 3601. Bihlioth. Topogr. Brit. Vol. v. Hist, and Antiq. of Barnwell Alley (London, 1786, 4°), 34-35. Pat. 18 Edw. I. (1289-90), m. 16, de 3^"= mess, concess. per Wil- lelmum Hamelton. Pat. 20 Ed. I. (1291-92), m. 21. Pat. 8 Edw. II. (1314-15), pat. 1, m. 8, pro quadam venella contigua domui perquirenda et claudenda. Pat. 9 Edw. II. (1315-16), p. 1, m. 10 vel 11. Pat. 5 Edw. IIL (1331), p. 2, m. 5 vel 6. Pat. 24 Edw. IIL (1350), p. 1, m. 28. MS. Baker xx. Harl. 7047, p. 287, xxi. Harl. 7048, p. 69. MS. Cole, Vol. 48, Addit. 6849. Although such near neighbours, the college accounts contain very few allusions to the friars : — II. M. J. 1518-19, fo. ^'i. Item duobus laborantibus pro labore ij dierum cum dimidio cii'ca purgationem cuiusdam venelli a tergo librarii et camere magistri versus fratres Carmeli- tas xx"*. :Mich=. 1524— Mid^ 1527, fo. 93 b. Item Eicliardo Bycharstaf purganti fossam inter fratres et collegium iiij'*. 1527-28, fo. 102. Item xxv die Octobris Jacobo subcoco pro x'epurgando aqueductu inter nos et fratres i*". I 220 1531-32, fo. 159. Item Ricliardo Baily xxvj" Julii laboranti 4°' dies circa purgatione venelle versus fratres et foricarum ibidem xvj'*. fo. 167. Item priori fratrum Carmelitamm pro x modiis Calcis adusti xviij*. 1532-33, fo. 177. Item vj° Novembris...Ote (fabroferrario) pro sera et clavi ad ostium in claustro vergente ad fratres... xyj**. fo. 178 b. Item xx° marcii Jobanni Dowsy fabrolignario cum servo suo laborantibus per 4 dies super murum inter fratres et nobis iiij^ III. M. J. 1535-36, p. 8. Item pro vino presente priore Cai'- melitarum ij'*. p. 17. Item coco in presentia prioris Carmelitarum xviij*. 1536-37, fo. 27. Item xxij Februarii pro vectura xii plaus- trorum ruderum et mille tegularum que emebantur a Carme- litis xxij^ fo. 28 b. Item xii° Martii coquo pro pisce et potu que emebat tribus Carmelitis prandentibus in coUegio "^iij*^- fo. 29* b. Item ipso die Assumptionis pro capis et cuniculis et ovilla priori Carmelitarum et alteri fraterculo, uxori Wylles (tbe college farmer at Swaffham) et Tburtylbye prandentibus in collegio xviij^ ob. fo. 31b. Item xxij° Septembris m™ Wylkes vicepresidenti pro expensis factis in magistrum de Savoye et priorem Carmeli- tarum x'*. 1537-38, fo. 37. Item 11° Junii prefect© fratrum Carmelitarum pro 30 antiquis asseribus ligni macerati ij^ viij**. Under the presidentship of Dr Heynes is given the account of the settlement of a dispute between the college and the Car- melites about a party wall on 12 Feb. 1536-7. The latter may have hoped by timely concession to make themselves friends among that body, which in the tottering state of the monastic system in England was perhaps felt to be necessary. But the foundation of the houses was soon taken away by the parliament, and their ruin followed very rapidly. The first act of parliament, Stat, 27 Hen. VIII. c. 28, passed in the session which began 4 Feb. and ended 14 April 1536, granted to the king all ' such monasteries, priories, and other religious houses of monks, 221 canons and nuns ' and their property, as were not able clearly to expend above £200 a year. This act suppressed 376 of the smaller monasteries and nunneries. The ' Pilgrimage of grace,' and other risings in favour of the old form of religion in 1536 and 1537, having been put down, a new visitation was appointed ' to examine everything that related either to the conversation of the Religious or their affection to the king and the supremacy, and to discover all that was amiss in them and to report it to the lord Vicegerent.' The prospect of what this visitation might I bring forth worked on the fears of the heads of some of the \ larger monastic bodies to induce them to surrender their founda- j tions to the crown, while bribes and promises produced the same II result in other cases. In 153.9 the king procured the passing of j.an act of parliament (stat. 31 Hen. YIII. c. 13) not to suppress \ the larger monasteries, but to vest in him all such monasteries J as had been surrendered since 4 Feb. 27 Hen. VIII. 1535-6, or j should afterwards be surrendered. And soon the whole of these houses, even those, ' wherein, thanks be to God, religion is right well kept and observed,' (praise bestowed on some by the previous act), were induced by various means to surrender or were forfeited to the crown by the attainder of their abbots for high treason. j In the survey of the diocese of Ely of 1534 (Valor Ecclesias- I ticus. Cooper, Ann. i. 370) this house of the Carmelites is not mentioned, so that its value is not known, however, ' Friars were by their profession mendicants and to have no property,' i (Tanner, Not.Mon. 1744. p. xxviii.): it escaped dissolution under the former act, as ' Houses of friars not being named in this act I (27 H. 8. cap. 28. [Apr. 1536] for dissolving the lesser monas- \ teries) they continued to the fall of the greater houses, and it I hath been argued, that if the love of money had been the only I cause of putting down the religious orders, the friars would have I been spared : for except the Trinitarians and some few others, j they had scarce revenues enough to keep their houses in repair.' j (Tanner, Not. Mon. Catalogue of the Greater Monasteries, note k) \ It may also have been spared as a place for the academic educa- j tion of the English Carmelites ; for in this year certain general injunctions were given on the king's behalf to all monasteries and houses of religion, one of which required the abbot or presi- '222 dent to keep and find in some university one or two of his bro- thers, according to the ability and possession of the house ; who after they were learned in good and holy letters might, when they returned home, instruct and teach their brethren, and diligently teach the word of God. (Burnet, Ref. Records, Part. I. Book IV. no. 2.) However, between the passing of the two acts the Carmelites surrendered their house to the president and fellows of Queens', by deed dated 8 Aug. 30 Hen. VIII. 1538. Of the priors of this house, the following belonging to the last days of its history are recorded : , Andrew Barsham is mentioned as prior of the house of his ij order in the university when he proceeded B.D. in 1535 (Cooper, J Ath. i. 57). I William Watson occurs as prior on 18 Feb. 1535-6 (Cooper, j Ath. i. 162). ' George Legate was prior on 12 Feb. 1536-7, and on 8 Aug. , 1538 (Cooper, Ath. i. 68). i| Clement Hubberd alias Thorpe, was prior or president (ac- !| cording to the wording of two deeds of the same date) on 28 i Aug. 1538 (Cooper, Ath. i. 68). On 8 Aug. 30 Hen. VIII. 1538, the Carmelites surrendered their house to Dr Mey president and the fellows of Queens' college by the following deed : — Be it knowen to all men, that we George Legat prior of the :; house of friers Carmelites in Cambridge comonlie called the White friers and the covent of the same howse by these present writyng tes- tifieth. That we the prior and covent aforseid gladly ffrely and willy nglie ;| do give and graunt and surrender into the hands of the right wor- , shipfuU M"" William Mey docf in law civill master or president of the coledge of Seynet Margarett and Bernard comonlie called the Queues coledge" in Cambridge and to the ffelawes of the same coledge and ther successors all that owr howse and grownd called the White friers in Cambridge, with all and singular the appertinences therof and therunto belongyng. And we also by these presents do testifie that when we shalbe required therunto we shall depart from the seid ^23 howse and grownd and give place unto tliem, and also slialbe redie at all tymes to make writyngs and seale to all sucli writyngs as slialbe divised by tlier learned counsell to lie in ns for tlie confirma- tion and assurannce of this owr gift and dede towards tbem: so that our fact and dede be nothyng prejudiciall but alowed and approved of and by our most dred and sovei-aigne lord the Kyng, in whose graces power and pleasure, being the supreme bed of this catho- lik chiu'che of Englond, we confesse and acknowledge that it is to alow or disalowe this owr fact or dede. In witnesse wherof I the seid prior have set to my seale, and the covent aforeseid ther own proper hands wrjrtyns. Given in owr chaptre howse at Cambridge aforseid the viij day of August the yere of the reigne of o'' most soveraigne lord Kyng Hemic the eight the XXX. Ita est per me fratrem Ciementem Thorpe, per me ffr. Wyllyam Smythe, per me frm Willelmum Wylson, This deed has appended to it the seal of the prior. On 17 Aug. 30 Hen. VIII. 1538, the king issued his com- mission to Dr George Daye provost of King's College, Dr Mey president, and Richard Wilkes and Thomas Smith, two of the fellows of Queens' College, to procure the surrender of the house of the Carmelites, then to take possession of it for the king, and to draw up a perfect inventory of all their goods, which was to be sent to him. The king's commission is here subjoined : — Henry the eight by the grace of God king of England and of Fraunce, defendor of the feyth, lord of Irelande, and in erth immedy- ately under God supreme hedd of the churche of Englande, To our trusty and welbeloved chapelains George Deye docto' of dyvinitie provost of our coUeadge of Cambridge, "William Maye docto' of the lawe maister of the Quenys CoUeadge within the same town, Richard Wilkes and Thomas Smyth M""' of Arts and to two of you, greeting : Forasmuch as we understande that the house of the White friers w*in that our towne and imiversitie of Cambridge remayneth at this present in suche state, as it is neyther used to the bono'' of God nor to the benefite of o' comenwealth, myndyng for the conversion of it to a better purpose to take it into o' own handes, We latt yo" witt 224 that having speciall trust in yo'" approved wisedoms and dexterities, We have named and appointed you that repayring unto the said howse immedyately uppon the receipt hereof, ye shall receve of the prio'' ther in our name and to o"" use such sufficient writing under the convent seale of the said howse, as by yo"" discretion shalbe thought mete and covenyent for the surrendre of the same ; The which sur- rendre so made. We wooll that ye shall take possession of the said howse, and soo to kepe the same to o"" use tyll further knowleage of o"" pleaso', taking a true and a perfite inventory of all the goodes of the said howse, the which o"" pleaso'' is ye shall send unto us inconty- nently, to thentent our further mynde maye theruppon be declared unto yo" w' more speed and celeritie. And these o"" Ires shalbe your warraunt in this behalf Geven under o"" privie seale at the castell of Arundell the xvij"" day of August the xxx* yere of our reigne. Thomas Cromwell. The commissioners set to work with dexterity and celerity, and soon obtained from the friars the required writing. Ten days only elapsed between the issuing of the King's commission and the surrender of their house by the Carmelites. Of the deed of surrender, dated 28 Aug. 30 Henry VIII. 1538, two copies exist in the college treasury, varying only in some small particu- lars, which are noticed in the following copy of one of them : — Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit, Clemens Hubberd alias' Thorpe, presidens^ domus fratrum Car- melitarum Cantebrigie in comitatu Cantebr'igie, alias dictus Clemens presidens^ domus sive prioratus vulgariter dicte the White freres in Cantebrigia in comitatu Cantebrigie et ejusdem loci conventus, vide- licet Peter Alanus, Willelmus Smyth, Willelmus Wilson, Edwardus Elisley, Thomas Mayre^ Salutem in Domino sempiternam. Noveritis nos prefatos Prioreni et conventum unanimi consensu et assensu nostris animis deliberatis certa scientia et mero motu nos- tris ex quibusdam causis justis et rationabilibus nos animas et con- scientias nostras specialiter moventibus ultimo et sponte dedisse cou- cessisse ac per presentes damns et concedimus et reddimus liberamus et confirmamus illustrissimo principi et domino nostro Henrico octavo Dei gratia Anglie et Francie regi Fidei defensori domino Hibernie at in terris supremo capiti Anglicane ecclesie, totum dic- 1 — Hubberd alias j3. ^ prior j3. ^ — videlicet... Thomas Mayre j3. 225 turn prioratnm nosfcriim sive domum vocatam 'The White freers' in Cantebrigia pi-edicta, necnon omnia et singula messiiagia gai'dina cixr- tillagia tofta terras tenementa prata pascua pasturas boscos redditus reversiones servicia molendiua passagia libertates franchesias juris- dictiones aquas piscarias vias chimina vacuos fundos ac omnia et singula emolumenta proficua possessiones hereditamenta et jura nostra quecumque tam infra dictum comitatuni Cantebr. quam alibi infra regnum Anglie Wallie et marchias eorundem eidem domui isive prioratui nosti'o terris et tenementis nostris quoquo modo spec- tantia accumbentia^ sive incumbentia, ac omnimodas chartas evi- dentias scripta et munimenta nostra quecunque eidem domui sive jprioratui nostro terris et tenementis ac ceteris premissis cum suis pertinentiis seu alicui inde parcelle quoquo modo spectantia sive concernentia, Habendum tenendiim et gaudendum dictam domum jsive prioratum necnon omnia et singula predicta tenementa ter- ras et cetera premissa cum omnibus et singulis suis pertinentiis prefato invictissimo principi et domino nostro Regi lieredibus et as- signatis suis in perpetuum, cui in liac parte ad omnem juris effectum qui exinde sequi poterit aut potest nos et dictam domum sive priora- tum ac omnia nostra qualitei'dinque acquisita ut decet subjicimus et ^ubmittimus, I dantes et concedentes (prout per presentes damus et conce- Sdimus) eidem regie majestati heredibus et assignatis suis omnem jet omnimodam plenamque et liberam facultatem^ et potestatem, nos et dictam domiim sive prioratum una cum omnibus et singulis terris tenementis et singulis ])remissis cum suis juribus efc pertinentiis qui- buscunque disponenda et pro suo libero regie voluntatis libito ad quos- cunque usus majestati sue placentes alienanda donanda convertenda et transferenda, hujusmodi dispositiones alienationes donationes conver- siones et translationes predictas per dictam majestatem suam fiendas ex tunc ratificatas ratas et gratas ac perpetuo firmas nos habitnros |)romittimus per presentes: et ut premissa omnia et singula suum debi- fcum sortiri valeant effectum, electionibus insuper nobis et successoribus nostris necnon omnibus querelis provocationibus actionibus litibus et in- fetantiis aliisque quibuscunque juris remediis et beneficiis (nobis forsan !et successoribus nostris in ea parte pretextu dispositionis alienationis translationis et conversionis predictarum et ceterorum premissorum qualitercunque competentibus et competituris) omnibusque doli er- roris metus ignorantie vel alterius materie sive dispositionis exceptioni- j 1 appondentia /3. ^ auctoritatem j3. : 15 226 f bus objectionibus et allegationibus prorsus semotis et propositis palam publice et expresse ex certa nostra scientia animis spontaneis renun- ciavimus et cessimus, prout per presentes renunciamus et cedimus et ab eisdem recedimus in liiis scriptis; et nos prefati prior et conven- tiis successoresque nostri dictam domum sive prioratum ac omnia et singula predicta terras tenementa ac cetera preniissa una cum suis pertinentiis universis prefato domino nostro regi beredibus et assig- natis suis contra omnes gentes warrantizabimiis in perpetuum per presentes. In quorum fidem et testimonium nos prefati prior et con- ventus buic scripto sigillum nostrum commune apponi fecimus. Datum vicesimo octavo die Augusti, anno dicti illustrissimi domiui nostri regis tricesimo. The deed of surrender is signed in the margin : per me Clementem Hubbard alias Thorpe per me fratrem Petrum Alanum per me fratrem Wyllym Smythe per me fratrem Willelmum Wilson per me fratrem Edwardum Elysley per me fratrem Thomam Meyre. The inventory of all the moveables belonging to the friai was taken on 6 Sept. SO Hen. VIII. 1538. The inventory of all and singular y® movable goodis off the howse of the whyte ffreers in Cambrydge taken by Doctor Maye master off the Quenes college in Cambrydge & Richarde Wylkys k Thoas Smythe felows off the same colledge y® vj day off Septebre in y® XXX yere off the reygne off owre sov^'aigne lord kyng Henry the viij*''. In p'mis one chalyse off tynne It™ one corporus case off grene sylke w* y® corporus clothe yn It™ one grett payer of latyn candelstyckes before y* altor It™one masse booke printed It™ one pax off latin It™ ij antiphonars wry ten It™ one grete porteows It™ ij worne altor clothes It™ one fruntlett for y® altor It™ one grett bell & one sawnse bell It™ one sute off vestimentes off whyte bustya It™ one sute off vestimentes off whyte sylke It™ one sute off vestimentes off grene bustia wyth byrdes 227 It™ one sute off vestimentes wythe strakys of velvett It" one sute off vestimentes off black lymon clothe brodored with blacke sylke It™ a single vestimente off blew sylke If" a single vestimente off whyte sylke It™ a single vestimente off whyte bustia for lente It™ a single vestimente off redde sylke wyth flowars It™ a single vestimente off whyte busfcian It™ a single vestimente off whyte sylke y° albe lackynge It™ one fruntlet for y" altor off blew sylke with levis of gold It™ vj coopis off whyte sylke It™ xi coopis off sylke off dyv''se colors It™ one blacke coope off lymon It™ one holy water stocke off latyn. In the osti'e off the sayde ffreers Imprimis ij olde fetherbeddis wyth ij bolsters It™ ij olde kev'"lettes & one olde quylte It™ ij shyppe chestys It™ one cupborde It™ one table, ij trestelles & a long settell It™ ij candelstyckes off latyn It™ one bason & one euar off latin It™ one olde longe hutche It™ ij old peses of hanginges off redde saye. In the buttrey off the said ffreers Inp'mis ij olde tableclothes It™ one olde salte It™ one ambrye It™ one hutche that hathe noo lydde. In the convente hall off y^ saide ffreers Inp'mis one table & ij trestelles It™ one longe forme. In the kychyn off the sayde ffreers Inp'mis iij brasse pottes, one grett & ij lesser It™ one posnett It™ one kettell It™ one trevett , It™ ij spyttes & ij cobbardes It™ ij pannis It™ one payer of pothookes 15—2 228 It" iiij platers v dysshes iiij sawsars & vj potingei'S of pent' It"" one chafiiige dysshe It™ one tubbe and one payle per me Wylhelmu Mey per me Ricbardii W}'lkes per me Thomam Smyth. From this meagre inventory we must conjecture either that the Carmelites were a very poor community, which after an existence of 250 years seems hardly possible to this extent, or that they had made away with their more valuable effects before this date, seeing their destruction resolved upon. The following extracts from the college accounts refer to the above : — III. M. J. 1537-38, fo. 40. Item 7 Augusti [1538] m"^ Wylkes et Smythe pro expensis Londini in negotiis Carmelitarum per manus m" Burbank v''. fo. 41. Item alia vice in expensis magistrorum Wylkes et Smythe circa negotia coUegii Londini pro Carmelitis ultra C^ prius allocates iij''. Item expense Charmelitarum ut patet per syngraphum . . . iijl vij"*. 1538-39, fo. 51. b. Item 14° Septembris duobus fratribus pro solutione summe quam magister noster illis concessit presents vicepresidente xij^ fo. 52. Item matrone coquisse Carmelitariim pro stipendio huius trimestris ij". iiij**. Item D. Pargatto [famulo magistri] pro exscriptione resignatio- nis fratrum, inventorio, atque memoriale d°® Engelsthorp, proque pelle membranea ; . . . xxij**. fo. 52. b. Item [Oct.] pro facultatibus fratrum Carmelitarum m" Barnardo Sandiforth v°. The Carmelite friars once gone, the college did not wait long before they began to pull the house to pieces, as the fol- lowing extracts from the bursars' accounts shew. III. M. J. 1538-39, fo. 51. b. Item [end of Sept.] Kingo et Geor. Cagell pro dejectione fenestrarum vitrearum apud Carmelitas viij"*. 229 fo. 52. b. Item [Jan. 1538-9] G°. Carter et Georgio Cagell in deji- ciendis fenestris vitreis et tollendo ferrum apud Carmelitas et conferendo res alias ad thesaurarium iiij'. (There are many other notices of workmen at the Friary). fo. 56. Item pro ij li. ferri et sera pensili ad conchidendas j annas majores fratrum "v^iij^- 1539-40, fo. 62. b. Item IP Martii Grene et Kinge deferentibus scalam magnam a fratribus ex j ussu presidis i^. fo. 63. b. Item (10 Apr.) Dowseo operanti dimidio die sartiendo magnam januam fratrum dejectam vento in sep. Pasche ...'vj''. 1540-41, fo. 73. b. Item (23 Sept.) Nicholao Ott pro nova sera et clavi ad ostium vestiarii apud Carmelitas, ubi reponuntur materies que erant in coro vj*. Item 26° Septembris Joan. Dowseo cum 2 suis famulis quinque dies demolienlibus res illas que erant in coro apud Carme- litas vj^ viij^ fo. 74. Item 5° Octobris Kyngo et Andree Younge...ad portan- tibus domum vitrum et ferrum dejectum apud Carme- litas xvj'^. fo. 74. b. Item 13° die (Nov.) Dowseo cum duobus famulis deji- cientibus asseres et alias matei-ies que erant in dormitorio Carmelitarum quatriduo iiij**. fo. 76. b. Item Richardo Strong cum famulo...purgantibus et parantibus tegulas veteres apud Carmelitas pro rolborne... x^ fo. 80. b. Item Johanni Frost cum aliis demetentibus urticas apud Carmelitas "^'iij**- 1544-45, 12 Apr. Men working at the chapel and storehouse of the Carmelites. fo. 116. b. Building a wall 'in fratribus' surrounding the master's garden. fo. 117. b. Item...accepit Andreas Bannock mason pro opere vj dierum in fratribus circa gradus qui descendunt a cubiculo magistri in hortum ejusdem vj^ fo. 118. b. Item (end of July) Willelmo Wallys pro conductione cymbe sue ad extruendum le scafFolde in aquis ad edificandum parietem occidentem versus in fratribus v**. (This wall was soon afterwards finished). 230 1545-46. A wall built 'in fratribus' opposite St Catherine's Hall. 1548-49, fo. 164. b. Demolition of walls. fo. 165. Item (13° Januarii) J. Erost et T. Barber... demolienti- bus campanile in Carmelitis v^ Demolition of 'le butteris ultra mnrixm' (buttresses). fo. 166. (March). The 'fundamenta columnarum templi' dug up. fo. 168. (May). A wall built between King's college and the Carmelites. On 28 Nov. 83 Hen. VIII. 1541 William Legh, esq. and Thomas Myldemay, the king's officers of the revenues of the augmentation of his crown in the counties of Cambridge and Huntingdon, sold to Dr Mey master of Queens' college for £20 all the stone, slate, tile, timber, iron and glass, of the late house of the Carmelites. The grant is as follows : — Memorandum that we William Legh esquyer and Thomas Myl demaye the Kings officers of the revenues of the augmentacons of his crowne w*in the counties of Camebrige and Hunt, have barganed and sold and by these p''sentes do bargayne and sell to William Maye doctor of the lawe and master of the Quenes college w*in the univ''site of Camebrige for the some of xx" poundis sterlinge to be payed to the Kinges use at the ffeaste of Saint Michell tharchungell next comynge after the date of this p''sent. bill, all the stone, slate, tyle tymber yorne and glasse of the late howse of the white ffriers w*in the sayd univ''site of Camebrige as the same nowe at this p'^sens standithe and remaynyth. In witnes wherof we the sayd officers to this p''sent bill have putte to o' scale the xxviij'*^ day of November in the xxxiij"^ yere of the reigne of o"" sov''aigne Lord Kinge Henry the viij*. fWillelmum Legh Res per nos i _ * . (Thoma Mildemaie In the Forinseca Recepta of 1540-1 and following years (Misc. B. fo. 39 ff.), we find the account of the diiferent sums of money received by the college for the old building materials of the Friary. They amounted to more than £60, which afforded the college a reasonable profit on the £20 that they \ 231 had paid the king. Some of the items are here given : from them we learn, that there were a church and cloister, chapter house and bell tower, hall, dormitory and kitchen. For. Eec. 1 540-41, fo. 39. b. Item (c. 2. Jan.) a m.'" Meeres et [Ric] Nox pro ferro et vitro in edibus preter magnam fenes- tram orientalem. (30s.) Item 5 Januarii a m" Chapman pro pavimento graduum in choro xij^ Item eodem die a Tunstallo pro parva ede a capitulari campanile versus (23s. 4c?.) Item m™ Cooke... Januarii pro dormitorio culina et cenaculo (16" et angeletus.) Item 14° Januarii a m" IIynde...pro nave ecclesie (£12.) 1541-42, fo. 40, pro edificiis venditis ex domo Carmelitarum ix". xj". i^ ob. 1543-44, fo. 41. Item solut. per manus m" Stokes pro edibus Carmeli t. m'° Alynton venditis x". Item pro particula orient, claustri vendit. m" Gill ..xl'. Item a m™ Stokes pro rebus venditis apud Carmelitas primo Decembris iij". xv'. Item (xv°) die Januarii recepi a m™ Leete pro boriali parte claustri nuper fratrum Carmelitai'um . . . , Ix'. III. M. J. 1545-46, fo. 138. b. (March or April). Item pro ccena magistrorum Perne et Hutton, quo tempore missi sunt Ma- dingley petitum pecunias a m™ Hynde quas debet pro- lapidi- bus in fratribus venditis viij''. (Sir John Hynde, justice of the common pleas, built Madingley hall. Cooper, Atk i. 100 ; Lysons, Camhr. 232.) On 1 April 33 Hen. VIIL 1.542 the king leased the site of the Carmelite friary to William Mey, clerk, from 21 years from Michaelmas, 1541, for 13^. 4c?. per ann., payable half-yearly, excepting that part of it which had been granted to the provost and fellows of King's college. On 26 Nov. 34 Hen. VIII. 1542 William Legh gave a receipt to Dr Mey (described as chancellor to the bishop of Ely) for £20. 13s. 4d, £20 being the price of the old materials, and 232 13s. 4' commons £3. 16s. 8d. and was allowed £6 for his three horses. . The 17 fellows in priests' orders received £6. 13s. 4 Also they say, that the heir of William Twet holds ! 1 One who said mass at a small private altar, a chantry or soul- , priest. Almost every parish had several chaplains. At Leverington, in iji 1406, there were no fewer than seven, and at Wisbech ten. Such priests, as well as the gild-priests, assisted the incumbent, and made up a choir- I service on Sundays and hoUdays, when they used to sit in the stalls of < the chancel. Blomefield's Collect. Cantab, pp. 199, 242, 245 ; Peck's Desid. Curios, pp. 229, 230 ; Rock's Church of our Fathers, Vol. i. p. 408 ; Vol. III. Part i. pp. 104, &c. ■ 2 The family of Somer held a Manor in Barton ; also, as early as | Stephen's reign, in Haslingfield. 3 The sense here is not very clear ; but, judging from what imme- diately follows, it would seem that as Robert the chaplain had two tenants for his 20 acres, so Alan Textor hired the rector's land as well as the house upon it. Dr "Whichcote records, that in 1656 the land be- longing to his rectory contained 34g acres, and so also does Mr Knight in 1779. I 19 j cottage of the same for xij^ a year, and for half a pound of wax for the church of the same parish (villa). Also thej saj, that Eustace de la Hjthe holds j messuage for ij^ and j pound of cummin. Also, Walter le Gows holds j cottage for vj^' a year. Also, Ealph le Gows holds j cottage for vj'^ a year, and both pay Koger de Berkeway. All the before named under the title of villenage are at the will of the lord as concerns their works. It must be borne in mind that all the before named, as well the free tenants as the villeins, who have beasts worth xxx^ give to the aforesaid lord annually ]'^ by reason of a certain custom which is called Wartpeny\ The above extract has told us of two knight's fees held by Sir John le Strange of Simon de Insula (De Lisle). On 12 March 1288-9 these fees were given by Simon to John de Kirkeby, bishop of Ely, so that for the future John le Strange and Eleanor' his wife were to hold them of him, who. represented, by reason of his ecclesiastical dignity, the former owners of the whole property. Sir William de Middleton had in his hands at that time the remainder of the parish; the advowson of the rectory however did not belong to his part, but to that in the possession of the Le Strange family, who alone were lords of the manor. The manor was valued in the fourteenth century at xlv'"''- , and in the succeeding century at xlviij^"''-. Before leaving the family of Le Strange it will be as iwell to refer to a circumstance recorded by White Kennet m his Parochial Antiquities^ respecting one member of it ^ Hist. o/Landbeach, p. 21, n. 2 For the origin of this word, see Miss Yonge's Hist, of Christian Names, Vol. i. pp. 158, &c. 1 _ \ Vol. II. p. 233, edit. 1818. This work contains a good deal per- taining to the same family. Duck, Life of Archh. Chichele. 2—2 20 and his wife: it affords, also, a curious instance of the extent to which personal feelings were then carried in despite of religion, and even in a church. It occurred 3 Hen. V. [1415]. 'A memorable accident now happened relating to Richard I'Estrange, baron of Knokyn, lord of the manor of Bur- cester in Oxfordshire, whose wife Constance contended with the wife of Sir John Trussel of Warrington in Cheshire for precedency of place in the church of S. Dunstan in the east, London: upon which disturbance the two hus- bands and all their retinue engaged in the quarrel, and within the bodj of the church some were killed, and many- wounded. For which profane riot several of the delinquents were committed, and the church suspended from the cele- bration of any divine offices. By process in the court Christian, the lord Strange and his lady were adjudged to be the criminal parties, and had this solemn penance imposed upon them by that exemplary prelate Henry Chicheley, archbishop of Canterbury, The lord Strange walked bareheaded with a wax taper lighted in his hand, and his lady barefooted, from the church of S. Paul to that of S. Dunstan, which being rehallowed, the lady with her own hands filled all the church vessels with water, and offered to the altar an ornament of the value of ten pounds, and the lord a piece of silver to the value of five pounds. A great example of the good discipline of the church, and of the obedience of these noble persons.' When in 1340, money being wanted to sustain Ed- ward III. in his wars with France, a tax was appointed 1 to be levied upon the several parishes in the kingdom, £10. 6s. 8d., or fifteen marks and a half, were required from Milton. The assessment then used was very different from that at present in force, even allowing for the decrease in the value of money. For now the annual rateable value' of the property in this parish is estimated at £3669. I 21 The manor continued to be among tlie possessions of the earl of Derbj, lord of Man and the Isles, until towards the end of the reign of Hen. VIII. It was then purchased bv William Cooke, a native of Chesterton, who, from his eminence as a lawyer, became sergeant at law, and finally, under Edw. VI. one of the judges of the Common Pleas. Sir William Cooke was buried to the north of the altar in Milton Church in 1553 \ In 14 Jac. I. [1616] Edward Newman was lord of the manor. During the reign of the same sovereign, however, the manor passed into the hands of the Harris family, some members of which were buried, as the brass mural tablet still existing testifies, in the manor chapel. The ftither of the John Harris thereon recorded was the first lord. In 1670 Sir Paul Whichcote, Bart. ^, Dr Whichcote, the rector of Milton, and Simon Smith, Esq. were the lords. No doubt, they were only trustees on behalf of the representatives of the family of Harris. However, at least by 1685, they had parted with the manor (but without the advowson of the living, which had long been alienated,) and the remainder of the estate, to the celebrated lawyer, Francis Pemberton. He had been educated at Emmanuel College under Dr Whichcote, whose uiece Anne, the daughter of Sir Jeremy Wiiichcote, Bart, he afterwards married. Chauncy, the historian of Hert- fordshire, is the only author who speaks of him with unmixed commendation. His other biographers, with what- ever party they are connected, almost invariably qualify the encomiums they are compelled to utter with some ex- pressions of condemnation. He was eventually made chief justice, first of the king's bench, then of the common pleas, but was successively deprived of both ofiices, and went ^ Foss' Judges of England, Vol. v. p. 298; A then. Cantab. ^ Of Quy, " who had a small but elegant chapel for his family prayers, which were twice in a day there attended." Memoirs of the \ life of Mr iVilliam Whiston, p. 370. 22 again on each occasion to the bar. In this inferior position he eventuallj passed the last portion of his life, and was the leading counsel among those who defended the seven bishops. Sir Francis Pemberton died in 1697, and was buried in the chapel of his house at Highgate; but afterwards, on that being pulled down, in the church of Trumpington^. The next owner of the manor was the Reverend Samuel Knight, only son of the Reverend Dr Knight, formerly Canon of Ely Cathedral^. He bought the property about 1767 for the sum of £10,000 from Mr Jeremiah Pemberton of Trumpington. As advertised for sale in the Cambridge Chronicle for 7th June 1766 it was described to be the manor, three farms, quitrents, &c. In their award, when in the possession of his son, the commissioners stated the land to amount to 487 a. 1 r. 8 p. Mr Baumgartner, great grandson to Mr Knight, is at present the lord of the manor : the rest of the estate, including the modern manor house, was sold off no long time ago to different individuals. Milton, in Cambridgeshire, as well as elsewhere, is a very common and natural contraction of a word which was anciently spelt in various ways, viz. Middeltun, Medilton, &c. Blomefield says of a village in Norfolk with the same name ^ — it was so called because it lay ' on a hill sur- rounded with low ground, marshes, and water.' Probably we shall not be wrong, if we suppose that in a somewhat similar manner, from the circumstances of its position, our village obtained its name, and then that such name, being extended to all the land, which adjoined it, and belonged to it, became likewise in time the name of a distinct ^ Foss' Judges of England, Vol. vii. pp. 149, &c. 2 Bentham and Stevenson's Hist, of Ely Cathedral, Vol. i. p. 263 ; Vol. II. p. 132. Nichols' Literary Anecdotes, Vol. v. pp. 354, &c.; Memoirs of the Life of Mr. William Whiston, pp. 192, 195. 3 Hist, of Norfolk, Vol. iv. p. 645. 23 parisli. In fact what took place in Milton may have been, and most probably was, the very reverse of what took place in Horningsey, for the parish was in this instance, at least, so called from the village. Blomefield equally points out how he imagines the word Middeltun to have been derived — Mid-Le-Ton. But in this matter he is unquestionably wrong : it consists only of two, not of three words, both of which came from the Anglo-Saxons, to whom the village therefore owed its origin and first settlement. Leaving the word middel, as presenting no difficulty, it may be added that tun is one of those terminations, which, instead of being common to many, point out infallibly a particular nation. England is, and ever has been, ' pre-eminently the land of hedges and inclosures.'' What in this respect it was formerly, it is now, and thus testifies both to the seclu?iveness of cha- racter distinguishing the Anglo-Saxon race, and, it is also thought, to the advanced state of agriculture which flou- rished among them. Tun seems to have been the inclosure for the cattle, as barton was the inclosure for the bear, or gathered crop borne by the land. Soon, however, tun must have come to signify a few scattered houses, and eventually what we understand by a village ^ Singularly enough, even in the present day, ' town ' is the regular word for the village in the mouths of its inhabitants, so also on the church plate, and in the parish documents. The parish of Milton, which is on the very edge of the fen district to the south, is bounded on the east by the Cam, on the north by Waterbeach and Landbeach, on the west by Landbeach and Impington, or rather, perhaps, by Beach Way, the modern name for the ancient Akeman Street^, and on the south by Chesterton. As regards the two old encampments, each of which forms part of the \ Words and Places, pp. 117, 366, 458, 484. " Ihid. p. 465 ; Hist, of Landbeach, p. 3. 24 boundary between Milton and Chesterton, one called Arbury, and the other being situated near King's Hedges, recourse must be had elsewhere \ For they are both in Chesterton parish, and therefore, like the Akeman Street, do not really belong to the present compilation. Milton is in the hundred of North Stow, the division of Cambridge, the union of Chesterton, and district of Wil- lingham. The village stands three miles and a half to the north of Cambridge. An Act of Parliament for the inclosure of Milton was pro- cured in 1800, and the award of the commissioners for carry- ing it out is dated 8th July 1802. The parish was declared by those commissioners to contain 1378 a. 2r. 4 p., whereof 157 a. 1 r. 32 p. were then copyhold, though 30 a. 1 r. 7 p. out of this quantity were held not of the manor of Milton, but of the manors of Waterbeach cum Denney, and Impington. The public roads and ways took up 21 a. 3 r. 24 p. By means of a general summary placed at the end of the award we are enabled to glean some information respecting the previous, if not the ancient, condition of this parish. At the time of the inclosure it had three fens I Lug fen and Backsbite fen were both of them in the neighbourhood of the river. The third comprised a district to the north of both called simply the fen, otherwise land fen. The first fen had its name from the flags, or wild irises, wherewith it abounded, and whose flower-petals were in shape like the ears of a dog. It was once divided into high lug and low lug. Backsbite, or Baitsbite, the name of the second fen, will be explained here- after. The arable land was distributed into five fields, styled severally Backsbite, South, Middle, Mill, and Island, field. The reason for the names of four of these fields is very evi- dent; the last name we may conceive to have arisen from the 1 Professor Cardale Babington's Ancient Cambridgeshit'e, pp. 10, 73, 74. " The Manor Rolls for 1640 make mention of Knaves' Fen. 26 presence of some fen island in that north-eastern part of the parish, or from the waj in which it was bounded. Milton possessed six closes : Dovehouse, Hill, Rje, Cherry, Picked, and Camping, close. The first two were near the manor house, the former of them being intimately con- nected with it, and indeed, of right belonging to it : the latter might be supposed to have derived its name from an ancient barrow on it, (which, however, has been recently taken away,) but Cole, as we may see in a note to the will of Thomas Campion, deems Hill close a misnomer for Hall close, because the manor house stood there. Rye and Cherry closes adjoined each other, the one containing about six, the other about thirteen acres. Both of them recal the names of articles, which are no longer to be found at Milton as regular crops, for rye has ceased in that parish, no less than else- where, to be cultivated in order to make bread of, and cherry orchards, which were once not uncommon in this district, no longer exist. What Picked close may mean is far from clear: this portion of land was in the neighbourhood of the manor house, and is now included within its grounds. The Camping close contained 2 r. 26 p. : it is at present a portion of the rectorial property, and close to the parsonage. It was annexed to the rectory, 18th February, 1652-3, the rector, however, was to pay for it an annual rent of six shillings and eight pence. Such plots of ground, given, and set apart, for the playing of a particularly favourite game^ were once not uncommon among our villages : would that every one of them had its play-ground now! Pound piece may have derived its name from the existence therein of the usual place of tempo- rary confinement for straying cattle. Northward and south- ward lower doles were so called, because, instead of being the property of one individual, they were jointly owned, as the word doles shews, by several. Formerly the name of the whole plot was leva'dole furlong. ^ Forby's Vocabulary of East Anglia. 26 The earliest mode of communication by road between Cambridge and Ely lay over the Akeman Street. When the villages of Milton and Landbeach had been formed, the land traffic, such as it was, passed through them, at least, in part, for the old Roman road continued in use through the whole distance, until the inclosure of Chesterton parish took place, as a track for carts, and occasionally for such horsemen, as were very particular about having to pay turnpike dues. By the middle of the sixteenth century the direction of the road- way had undergone a partial change, for, branching off to- wards the right from Milton pond, it then led over Water- beach meadow, so that the persons who used it were no longer obliged to pass through the village of Landbeach. This alteration, however, was in reality a trespass, or, more properly, an encroachment. For in a terrier belonging to Landbeach parish, and dated so far back as 1549, we find it said — ' semitam ex 'permissione diicentem a Medilton Crosse versus Dennye^.' Possibly it had been found by the inhabi- tants of Milton, that a road in such a direction was a readier means of intercourse between themselves and their neighbours. Through the lapse of time, the permission, originally granted as a favour by the owners of the soil, became looked upon as a right, and, consequently, when in 1763 an Act of Parlia- ment was passed for improving the highway between Cam- bridge and Ely, this new piece of road from Milton Pond to Goose-halP was therein authoritatively styled, (which indeed it really had been for two centuries,) ' the Right Hand branch.' Such however was not the opinion of Mr Masters, rector of Landbeach. For in the course of some proceed- ^ Hist, of Landbeach, p. 33. 2 Goose-hall, or, as it is in the maps, Goose-house, standing in Land- beach parish, was so named from a practice which, since the introduction of railways, has entirely ceased. For previously large numbers of geese were wont to be driven periodically along the highway from the northern part of the Isle of Ely to London, and here, next after Ely, they rested during the night. I 27 ings unsuccessfully taken by himself and his parishioners to prevent the Act from being carried out, he affirmed that it was even then ' no road for carriages, only a sort of vague road (over commons and meadows) to Denney,' and therefore that they ought not to be compelled to render it fit for traffic. Subsequently, at the time of the inclosure, another, and a very short deviation from this usurped track was made through the influence of Mr Knight, the lord of the manor, who resided in the parish, and whom it chiefly concerned. The road to Ely, as we have seen, had by 1549 turned off at the pond, and begun to run close to the church, and just in front of what in recent times at least became the manor house. About 1801 a new direction was given to it at this point, the direction, in fact, which it has at present. The inclosure commissioners refer to this in the following passage of their award — ' having set out in its ancient (?) direction the turnpike road called the Ely road, so far as the same leads through the parish of Milton, (except where the same passes through the old mclosures) of the breadth of sixty feet.' The -word Backsbite, now written Baitsbite, which has occurred as the common designation of a fen and a field in Milton, is a corruption. In the manor rolls for 1634 Basebitt furlong occurs, and in 1657 Basebitt corner. 'Base' must refer either to the low position, or to the utter worthlessness of the 'bitt' of land so called: most probably to the latter, though it might well take in both. The small house with its garden near the river, which all persons are accustomed to call by the same name, was built by, and belongs to, the Conservators of the river Cam, as a residence for one of their ofiicers. It was an encroachment made to the detri- ment of the charity estate, but not at length without giving compensation. A reference to Milton cross has been made. We hardly needed such a notice to feel assured that Milton formerly possessed one, since it would undoubtedly have been difficult, 28 before the establishment of the Reformation, to find any village without a similar aid to devotion. What, however, we cannot settle, is the exact spot whereon it stood (a point of inferior moment), by reason, as it would appear, of the non-occurrence of the least fragment thereof: still we know from a circumstance already mentioned, that it was some- where in the centre of the village, and at no great distance from the church ; possibly at the turn of the road leading down to it. We need not hesitate to reckon Milton among the pretty villages of Cambridgeshire. It is very compact, and though not remarkable for any feature particularly suited to attract the attention, has an air about it which is pleasant and agreeable. The position of the church and rectory contri- bute much to the general effect, being just far enough re- moved from the main street of the village to be perfectly retired, and yet not so much so, as to become unseen or in- accessible. The only house, which requires a remark, is what has for some time been called the manor-house. The lord of the manor of course always had a residence in the parish, though not exactly on this spot. Judge Cooke, who died in 1553, built here what Cole terms a farm house. He affirms, too, that it was built out of the ruins and spoils of Denney or some neighbouring abbey, which had recently been dissolved and sold^ : this may easily have been the case, and would account for the many pieces of worked stone to be found in various parts of the village. The present building is due to the Reverend Samuel Knight, and to the year 1772. Judge Cooke's ' farm house,' however, as it seems, was not entirely destroyed ; it was only at that time substantially repaired, and rendered a fit habitation for the lord of the manor, whose residence it may indeed have been ever since the original ^ See his remarks on the will of Thomas Campion. 29 and proper manor house had fallen into decay. Cole, who liad come in 1770 from Waterbeach to reside at Milton, writes : ' I made choice of this place for my residence ; one of its recommendations was its privacy and solitude.' Again, under the date 9th July 1772 : ' I have seen no one all the time, except the squire of the parish, as they call him here, a rich clergyman, who called upon me yesterday morning. This gentleman having, about five years ago, purchased the chief part of the parish, has to my no small mortification taken it into his head to like the situation, and is now actually build- ing a good house to reside in\' On his removal to Milton Mr Knight brought with him a variety of manuscripts written by Dr Patrick, bishop of Ely, by his father and others, parti- cularly a large quantity of Strype's correspondence, now bound up in ten volumes, together with Bishop Patrick's own autobiography^. These, by the kindness of Mr Baumgartner, who has been before mentioned, have lately been deposited in the University Library at Cambridge^. The feast, which lasts a few days, used to begin on Mid- lent Sunday, * being the first in the year ; ' that is, so long as the year was considered to commence on the 25th of March, Midlent Sunday very frequently, though not always, fell after it. Midlent, or feast, Sunday was ' vulgarly called Pease-porridge Sunday*;' just as at Waterbeach, the Sunday preceding the feast has always gone, and still goes, by the name of Furmety Sunday, and in both cases, of course, for a similar reason. Mr Champnes, the vicar, changed the day with the consent of the churchwardens, and it is now the second Sunday in May, because the village festivities, which ^ Warburton's Life of Horace Walpole, Vol. ii. p. 388. ^ This had been printed for publication in 1839. There are some remarks about it in the Memoirs of the Life of Mr William Whiston, p. 353. 3 They are marked Add. MSS. 1 to 88. * Carter's Hist, of Cambridgeshire, 80 naturally attended upon the feast, were found to bring with them, especially from the proximity of Cambridge, too m.uch riot and disorder. We learn very little respecting the names of the in- habitants of Milton, Sir William de Middleton, one of the two lords of the town in 1289, no doubt, lived here. Thomas de Frebern, John Mapoudere, William Town, Stephen Herberd and Petronilla his wife, with Thomas Godechild, occur in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, as the majority of them had occurred a century before. William Foote was returned in 1433 among the resident gentry of Cambridgeshire^. Richard E-ichardes is said to have lent Queen Elizabeth £25 on 29th May, 1588 ^ Richardes is the name of a family frequently mentioned, as we shall see, in connexion with the wills and charity trusts of the parish. Some of the lords of the manor assuredly dwelt on their property, as we know Judge Cooke did and others in more modern times. Nor must the Bev. William Cole, the celebrated antiquary, be for- gotten : indeed, it would not be far from the truth to add, that he was the man of chief importance among all, who had at any time made Milton their place of residence. For more than two years he had been curate to Mr Masters at Waterbeach. Not, however, liking the place because of the frequent inundations, and its many other discomforts, he 'repaired and in a manner rebuilt an old house belonging to King's College,' on the higher ground of Milton, with the intention of getting into it by Christ- mas^ 1769, which intention he did accomplish at the fol- lowing Lady day^ In this house, standing on the right hand of the road leading towards what now goes com- ^ Fuller's Worthies of England, Vol. i. p. 245, edit. 1840. ^ Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, Vol. ii. p. 452. ^ Hist, of Waterheach, p. 17. 81 monly bj the name of Baitsbite, and which he was wont to style his hermitage^, he lived and prosecuted his valu- able labours with wonderful industry and perseverance until his death in December, 1782. He left directions for his burial in a vault under the old wooden belfry of S. Clement's church, Cambridge, and for the building of a tower over it by way of monument after the decease of his sister Jane\ This was at length done in 1821, and on the west front of the tower, in remembrance of the donor, and in compliance with his express wish, were added, certainly with questionable taste, the words, ilBEuni Qtolt, Mr Cole embedded in the walls of his house several pieces of old worked stone, which are still to be seen there ; and he records that he had in his hermitage in his garden, in 1775, 'a piece of black touch [stone] evi- dently the top, or cover of an altar tomb, workmanship of the age of Edw. III.' being, as he conceived, a relic of the tomb of the Lady Mary de S. Paul, the foundress of Denney Abbey ^ . The population of Milton has nearly doubled in the course of the last sixty years, having been, at the taking of the census in 1801, 272; whilst by 1861 it had reached 494*. It still goes on increasing, contrary to what is the case in some neighbouring parishes, as we may judge from the new cottages which are gradually springing up 1 ^ Ibid. p. 18. There is a view of Cole's Hermitage, by Essex, taken 25th June, 1773 ; and a long account of it by himself in his MSS., Vol. XXXIII. pp. 386, &c. 2 Life of Horace Waljyole, Vol. ii. pp. 373,442 ; Cooper's Memorials of Gamhridge, Vol. iii. p. 266. 3 MSS. Vol. XIX. foil. 125, 126 ; Vol. xxxvi. p. 153 ; Vol. xlyi. p. ; 377 ; Hist, of TTaterbeach, p. 106. |, * 1676 — 85 inhabitants, 35 (?) families, 1 popish recusant. No dis- senter. 1728 — 170 inhabitants, 40 families, 6 dissenters, 1782—224 inhabitants, 39 families. 32 here and there, no less than from the small Meeting-house belonging to the Particular Baptist connexion, which. has been recently erected. The Great Eastern Railway to Norwich runs quite through the lower, or fen, part of the parish, nearly parallel with the Cam, though no station has been built for the accommodation of the inhabitants of the village. The present owners of land are — the rector, King's College, Pembroke College, the Reverend Dr Archdall- Gratwicke, Professor C. C. Babington, Mrs Denson, and Mr GunnelL m\ 33 THE CHURCH. There may have been, and was, we may feel assured, at a very early period, a church of some sort in Milton ; on the same spot, too, whereon the present church stands. Since the village owed its name, and consequently its original for- mation, to the Anglo-Saxons, it is natural indeed to suppose that the due worship of God was not neglected by them on their conversion to Christianity. Besides, the establishment for secular canons at Horningsey, which must have been founded by the beginning of the ninth century, was suffi- ( ciently near to provoke to emulation such owners of the soil I a,s had the means of thus benefiting in religious matters them- selves and their dependents. Members of that establishment may even have been leaders in the movement, and by their [assistance, no less than by their example, have contributed much towards promoting the spiritual good of the inha- bitants of so inconsiderable a village, as Milton then was. .Respecting the existence, liowever, of any such public build- [ing (which could hardly have been of any other materials than wood and thatch), we know nothing : we must content ourselves with conjecture. But, whatever was the case in .those primitive times, we cannot avoid considering it certain, ithat the tenth century did not pass over without the erection )f such a church as has just been described, or possibly, of I more costly one. For at tliat period Brihtnoth, the first 'bbot of Ely, and the second founder of its monastery, an nergetic and serious-minded man, had acquired, on behalf of 3 34 himself and his Benedictine brethren, the whole of the parish, and we ought charitably to imagine them not to have been indifferent to the interests of religion. Thus, a church of some kind or other having been erected, Brihtnoth must likewise have become the joint patron with his clergy of the living. Besides, the" abbot and monks of Ely no doubt continued uninterruptedly to make presenta- tions thereto until the latter half of the eleventh century, inasmuch as from Domesday Booh we perceive the land with its rights to have been down to the Norman Conquest, and, it may be, a little later, in their hands. Edward the Con- fessor confirmed, we are told, the monastery at Ely in their possessions and privileges at Milton in the county of Cam- bridge, and out of the Isle of Ely. In due time, however, after 1066, matters changed, and very considerably for the worse spiritually as well as tem- porally. The abbot and his monks were ousted from this property, and compelled to give way both in the parish and in the church to a man, whom among themselves they were naturally wont to believe, and whom one of their number re- joiced to have an opportunity of describing, as a monster of iniquity. Picot, the Sheriff of Cambridgeshire, being a Norman, and of the conquering race, of course carried every thing with a high hand, and, having his sovereign to back him, thought more of increasing his own possessions than of consulting the feelings and interests of those, who fell under his power. He may really have deserved the lan- guage of Thomas the monkish chronicler of Ely, strong as it is, and been in some way relatively to the monastery 'leo famelicus, lupus oberrans, vulpes subdola, sus lutulenta, canis impudens;' still there seems to be as large a portion! of abuse, as truth in the words. Without wishing to appear i disposed to favour one, who, like his equals and contempo- raries, shewed too much of the ' animus Getulus ' in his deal- ings with the English, it ought to be mentioned to his ad- I 35 vantage, that he built in 1092 the church of S. Giles in Cam- bridge, and endowed there a body of six canons regular with some church patronage, and with considerable revenues issuing out of the various demesne lands attached to his barony of Bourne, which also included the parish of Mid- dleton\ Still since he did this in gratitude to S. Giles, to whom he was assured and believed his wife's recovery from a dangerous illness was expressly due, he may have acted from a superstitious, rather than from a proper religious, feeling. In 1086 Picot, we are told, had succeeded the Abbot of Ely in the ownership of all the land in the parish : thus he likewise held, as a natural consequence, the advowson of the rectory. Notwithstanding, therefore, the unfavourable character so constantly attributed to him, he may (at all events through the instigation of his wife,) have attended in some degree to the spiritual interests of his newly-acquired people. The chancel arch of the present church, from its circular shape, is Norman, but not late in that style. Surely, the building of which it has long been the only relic, owed its foundation to him. He died at the very beginning of the twelfth century, so that there is no improbability in sup- posing him to have ordered its erection : in fact, no good reason exists for assigning it to any one else. The right to present to the rectory, as just remarked, followed according to custom the possession of the manor ; consequently in the middle of the thirteenth century, when we next obtain some definite knowledge about the affairs of Milton, this likewise must have passed with the manor from the sovereign to Eubulo de Montibus. Soon after 1253 it pertained to John de Soniery, from whom it came by marriage ^ Hist, of Waterheach, p. 27. Queen Elizabeth, l7th June, 1560, granted to Bishop Heton all that her portion of tithes in Milton for- merly belonging to the priory of Barnwell, worth £Z. 6s. 8d, per annum. Ibid. p. 29. 3—2 36 to the family of Le Strange. We again read of it, 6 Ric. II. [1382], in which year Rogerus Lestrange de Knokyn in Shropshire (who had died 26th August,) et Alicia ejus uxor, are declared to have Middleton manerium et advocacionera ecclesise ^. Some time between 1291 and 1348, probably about 1300, after the Le Strange family had become patrons of the advow- son, a great change in the management of the spiritual affairs of the parish was introduced. For the rector of that day ap- plied for, and obtained, permission from proper superior authority to appoint a vicar to officiate under him ; so that by this means two persons were instituted to the same church, and both, by reason of that act of institution, had cure of souls in Milton. In excuse for transactions of this kind it should be remarked, that the cure of souls was not necessarily connected anciently in the public mind with the profits of a benefice : so long as the duty was done, it mattered not who was the doer of it, the principal or his deputy. The rector was himself appointed by the lord of the manor, and he therefore henceforth put in a vicar or substitute to assist him in performing the duty, rather than to minister in his stead, to the people. Originally this vicar was little more than a stipendiary curate is now ; his salary was uncertain, and he was removable at pleasure. At length 4 Hen. IV, [1402] this state of things was changed : for the future vicar was to have perpetual possession of his cure, was to be canonically instituted and inducted, as well as sufficiently endowed, and thus our vicarages, in their present form, came into existence^ Of course, the natural effect in very many parishes of having a vicar in addition to the rector, was that the rector by the ^ Calend. Inquisit. Post Mortem, Vol. iii, p. 50 ; White Kennet's Parochial Antiquities, Vol. ii, p, 165 ; Baker, MSS. Vol. xxviii. pp. 213, 214. ^ Stephens' Laws relating to the Clergy, Vol. ii. p. 1371 ; Hook's Church Dictionary. 37 mere force of custom at length considered himself entirely re- lieved from residence and from all spiritual charge. In fact, a mere sinecure, as regarded him, began to be created, an abuse which does not seem to have been originally contem- plated. But such was not for a very long time the case at Milton. The rector and the vicar both lived here at the same time, and each in his own peculiar dwelling, whence it was in reality benefited, so long as such a laudable practice was continued, by having two supervisors instead of one. Moreover, it was not an unusual circumstance for the rector to omit to appoint a vicar, and to take upon himself the oversight of his flock in a double capacity, working the parish like other beneficed clergymen, and only calling in the assistance of a curate, when from ill health, or any similarly allowable cause, the presence of a fellow-labourer was rendered indispen- sable. The actual sinecure, therefore, as manifested by an endowed rector deeming himself free, notwithstanding his institution, from residence as well as duty, did not exist at Milton except in comparatively modern times, nor even then uninterruptedly, and in so small a parish could do little harm : the positive and unmitigated evil came when the vicar, also, as eventually happened, followed the example of the rector, and became himself equally non-resident, serving his cure from Cambridge. During more than five centuries the parish had thus two sets of clergymen oflScially connected more or less with it; in 1846, however, the rectory and the vicarage were consolidated^ in obedience to a recent act of Parliament, and can never again be held by separate individuals. ' Ecclesia de Middletone non appropriata : est ibi rector et vicarius^, et taxatur ad xv marcas : solvit pro synodalibus ij^ ^ At visitations the rector is required to pay also the ancient fees which were wont to be demanded of the vicar. ^ The archdeacon's book mentions a few other parishes, which had both a rector and vicar : (Dry) Drayton, Barton, Orwell, Elm, Caxton, (Long) Stow, and Bukele (Brinckley 1). Of (Cherry) Hinton it is said — 38 iiij*^ : procurationibus xviij"^ : denariis sancti Petri ij^ : orna- menta sunt hsec : duo missalia ^ sufficientia : iiij gradalia : (unum menubrum^ cristallinum :) duo troperia: j antipbo- narium : ij legende, quarum j bona et alia in duobus voluminibus : j manuale : turribulum bonum : tria paria vestimentorum cum pertinentiis ^ : j calix bonus et alius debilis : iij rocbete : vij superpellicia : crismatorium bonum : (ij candelabra?): iij phiole: pixis eburnea^: ij cruces: cappa chori : ij frontalia : ij turribula : lanterna : j vexillum : velum templi ^ : item unum vestimentum cum casula alba : stola : crux argentea : manipulum ^ cum optimis paruris : tunica dal- matica et capa chori : et unus pannus de baldekyno "^ de dono domini Kadulphi rectoris.' The manuscript, from which the foregoing account has been extracted, and which still exists in the library of Caius College, is of great value in relation to everything, that can come within the designation of ancient church furniture, and even as to some other parochial matters. It is unques- non appropriata, qxmre est ibi vicarius et rector; and certain larger payments than they otherwise would have been, are ascribed to Whit- tlesford (and Rampton) quia solebat habere vicarium, as well as a rector. 1 For an account of these service-books recourse must be had to Maskell's Mon. Rit. Eccles. Angl. Vol. i. or some similar work. ^ The menubrum, a word which only occurs this once in the arch- deacon's book, must be the manubrius of Du Cange, and, therefore, a thuribulum or vas in quo thus reponitur. The writers of that book, clerks though they may have been, were by no means particular as to the gender, declension, or spelling, of their Latin words. ^ Videlicet, cum tunica, dalmatica, et capa chori. ^ The pyx was of every kind of material, — even of silk. ^ Occasionally it is styled velum quadragesimale, or simply velum. Every church must have had one. Hist, of Waterbeach, p. 41, n. ® Its other name was sudarium. ^ Bawdkyn or cloth of Bawdkyn vras one of the richest and most precious species of stuffs, being composed of silk interwoven with threads of gold in a most sumptuous manner. The name came from the Persian city Baldac, or Babylon, whence it is reported to have been introduced into these western regions. * 39 tionably connected, as regards the writing, only with the fourteenth century, and would seem to have been at first designed to record the results of some visitations of Ealph de Fotheringay, Archdeacon of Ely from 1292 to his death in 1316. Three of his visitations are distinctly referred to, viz. in 1305, 1309, and 1311. The earliest date mentioned in the course of the numerous entries is 1304; the latest 1386. The year 1278 does indeed occur in the case of Wilburton, a parish of which the archdeacon had the great tithes, but the account of the furniture belonging to that parish was evi- dently inserted, as we may judge from the mere wording, in order to supply an omission — ' Ornamenta inventa in eadem (ecclesia) in festo sancti Michaelis anno domini m.cc.lxxviij sunt hec' Moreover, Ralph de Walpole, who became bishop of Norwich in 1288, is described as lately archdeacon. The writing is of several different periods, which are easily distinguishable from one another; but the least ancient, for a reason just given, is unable to be pronounced not to be * later than 1349.' The year to be assigned as the commence- ment of the manuscript must be quite at the beginning of the fourteenth century. For under Wisbech we find two entries, of which the second and later one begins thus: 'Item, in visitatione Magistri E,. de ffodr. Archidiaconi Elyensis anno domini m.ccc°.xj.' Probably we have in the earliest portions of the manuscript certain notices of church furniture, &c. which were the result of his visitation in 1309. This was not, as we know, actually his first visitation, but it may have been the first whose results were carefully and diligently recorded. The suppression of altars throughout the diocese of Ely took place 7th December, 1550, toward the end of the episco- pate of Bishop Goodrich. On that day a general assembly of the rectors, vicars, curates, and churchwardens was held in the church belonging to the parish of the Holy Trinity, Cam- 40 bridge, when a sermon was preached by Matthew Parker, at that time rector of Landbeach, and the holy scripture ex- pounded in English. Afterwards Edward Leedys, Bishop Goodrich's commissary, and Vicar General \ commanded that all altars existing in the various churches and chapels of the several deaneries within the diocese of Ely should be destroyed and thrown down by the approaching festival of Christmas. Copy of a Eecord in the Public Record Office, entitled ' Church Goods, Cambridg-e, tempore Edw. VI. Ex- chequer, Court of Augmentations.' Miscellaneous BookSj Vol. 495. Mylton. This is a trewe and perfect Inventorie indented made and taken the iiijth day of August Anno Regni Regis E. vj. sexto [1552] by us Richarde Wylkes Gierke Henry Gooderyche and Thomas RudstonEsquyres^ commyssioners emongest others assigned for the surveye and vieu of all manner of goodes, plate, jewelles, belles, and orniamentes as yet be remayninge forthecomynge and be- longing to y* paroche Churche there, as hereafter foloweth. Plate. Fyrst there is one Chalyce of Sylver poids xx*^ ounces. Ornam*^ Item, one vestem* deacon and subdeacon of blewe sylke, one olde Cope of redde sylke w'^'^ y® deacon and subdeacon of y^ same sylke, one vestem* of blacke saye, one other vestem* of whight chamlett. Belles. Item, in y® steple there iij Belles, one sanctus belP. ^ Cooper's Athence Cantab. 2 History of Waterdeach, pp. 42, 43, notes. ^ This seems to have been the usual number of bells. "Waterbeach, Landbeach, and Horningsey, had the same. For sanctus bell see Hist, of Landbeach, p. 76, n. 41 All which parcelles above wrytton be delivered and comytted by us the saide Commyssioners unto y^ salve kepynge of Henry Harte Richarde Foote and John Lawrence parisheoners there, to be att all tymes forthcomynge to be answered: Except and reserved and the saide chalyce, and the saide cope of redde sylke w*'^ y^ vestem* of blewe sylke, delyvered to John Fytzsone (Fyson?) and Richarde Barker Churchwardens there for thonlie mayntenaunce of dyvyne servyce in y^ saide paroche churche. Henry Goderick. Ric. Wilkes. Thomas Rudstone- Thomas Hyssam Vicar. Richard Barker. John Fytzsone x his mark. The wills made early in the sixteenth century by inhabit- ants of Milton are extremely useful in affording us glimpses of the state of the church, and church matters, at that period. Ten of them will be given hereafter. Two gilds were held in the church, the gild of All Hal- lows or All Saints, and the gild of S. Katerine^ The high altar is mentioned, and the rood loft : bequests are likewise left to the Sepulchre light ^, and to the torches required for processions. The church was then thatched with reeds, as, most probably, were the great majority of country churches, and other large buildings, and as indeed some still are. The use of tiles was clearly uncommon, from the circumstance of a tenement given by Eose Cokk to her husband being called for ^ Hist, of Waterbeach, p. 40. 2 Hid. pp. 60, 61. Wardens of the Sepulchre light, and indeed of every light appropriated to a special purpose, were wont at one time at least to be annually elected, as well as wardens of the church. Cooper's Memorials of Cambridge, Vol. in. p. .370, n. In the East Anglian, Vol. III. p. 79, mention is made, under the date 1537, of the election of an Alderwoman, and Warden of the Lady's light. 42 distinction's sake the tiled house. ' Our lady's chapel ' occurs in John Nicholson's will, who desires his executors to glaze one window therein. Was the manor chapel intended? That belonged of right to a particular family, and we might suppose that no one, except the lord would take upon himself to offer, or would be allowed, to do any thing to it either by way of reparation or improvement. But on the other hand in 1685 the lord's tenants were ordered by ecclesiastical authority to repair that chapel, and consequently John Nicholson's will may well be considered to refer to it, though surely his direction could not be carried out unless with the lord's sanction. The right of presenting to the rectory of Milton had always been hitherto in the lord of the manor; at length, some time during the reign of Qaeen Elizabeth, and, possibly, towards the very end of it, this right got separated from the manor, though under what circumstances does not appear \ It became vested in the Reverend Dr Goade, provost of King's College, who may have presented himself somewhere about the year 1600. Dr Goade died in 1610, and left the ad vow- son first to the members of his family in succession, and then to his college. The following extract from his will, dated 9 January 1608-9, is printed on the authority of Baker : — ' I appoint my second son Thomas y^ rectory of Milton, he to be thereunto presented by my eldest son Matthew in whom the interest of the parsonage is of trust. And upon vacation of the same rectory by death or otherwise from time to time, ^ I will that y^ said presentation shall be to such other of my sons successively as shall be capable thereof. And upon de- fault of any such my sons, then my son Matthew, his heirs or executors, shall present such capable person to the said rec- tory, being provost, or then fellow, of the said King's College, ^ There may exist docmnents in the treasury of King's College, which can explain it. I 43 and a minister, as he or they shall best like of pro una vice tantum. And afterwards I give the said patronage to the said King's College perpetuis futuristemporibus to be conveied bj good assurance in Lawe to the provost and schollars and their successors from mj said son Matthew, his heirs or exe- cutors.' On the restoration of Charles II. the rectory was for that turn in the patronage of the crown, wherefore Dr Which- cote, as will be mentioned more particularly hereafter, was then obliged to vacate the preferment, which he had already held for about nine years in order that the crown might ex- ercise the privilege given to it by law. ' For the king has not only the right of presenting t© churches as supreme patron, which lapse to him during his own reign, but also such as may have lapsed to any of his predecessors, who have taken no advantage therefrom. When lapse incurs to the king, it cannot be taken away by the patron or the ordinary^.' The vicar in later times went occasionally by the name of sequestrator, as indeed he actually was, and for a reason which admits of an easy explanation. ' Sometimes a benefice is kept under sequestration for many years together, or wholly ; name- ly, when it is of so small value, that no clergyman fit to serve the cure will be at the charge of taking it by institution^' Something must now be said respecting the annual value of the rectory and vicarage. And first of the rectory. The Rotuli Hundredorum is the earliest document to which any reference is possible, but they do not state any thing ^definite as to the income of the rector : they merely record the fact that an endowment of land had been made to him by the founders of the church, whoever are meant by the expression. These thirty acres, with apparently a house for the tenant were at that time in the hands of a man named Alan Textor, ^ Stephens' Laws relating to the Clergy, Vol. i. p. 593. 2 H)i(j Yo\. II. p. 1246 ; Memorials of Camhridge, Vol. iii. p. 372, n. 44 or Alan the weaver. If, however, we go to the Taxatio Ec- clesiastica, which was drawn up in 1291, twelve years, later, we find the following passage : £. s. d. Ecclia de Middelton 15 6 8 Porcio Prioris de Bernewell in eadem . . 3 6 8^ The sum last named would seem to represent the worth of the tithes arising from his demesne land at Milton, which we have seen Pigot, who founded the abbey subsequently trans- ferred from Cambridge to Barnwell, assigned to the head of] his religious establishment there towards its support. We may now come to the King's Book, from which we learn that ( in 1535 the rectory was set at £4. 6s. lid. Baker tells us that i its annual value was £100, and in Adam Elliott's days it was f returned at £120. Whichcote in 1656 recorded that neither the rector nor the vicar paid firstfruits, but that they both paid tenths. The vicar is not mentioned even in the later of the two documents belonging to the thirteenth century quoted above. I We first read about him in relation to temporal affairs in the book containing the transactions of the manor of Waterbeach cum Denney. There the vicar of Milton is recorded to have been presented and fined no less than five times between 2 and 19 Edw. IV. [1462-1479] for a variety of offences— for putting his cattle in the common of the raannor, where he hath no common — for trespassing with his beastes in fladis domine et tenentium — for not mending and defending the hallowe from water — for digginge xvj'^ turfies in the marshes beyonde his common contrary to the by lawe, and a precept to seize them to the ladies^ use as forfeited — for having frequently transgressed within the demesne. The same priest did not hold the vicarage during the whole of these eighteen years, consequently we learn from this detail of offences something respecting their being ^ Taxatio Ecdesiastica (ed. 1802), p. 266. ' The abbess of Denney. 45 constant residents in the parish, and something too, as to the mode of improving their income, which they were obliged to adopt. The King's Book sets the vicarage at £4. 16s. O^d. When Edward Johnson was vicar, the value of his living was considered by the officials of the earl of Manchester to be £18 per annum. Baker placed it at £25, whilst in Elliott's time it was thought to be worth only £15. It is singular that in 1535 the vicarage should have been valued at a higher sum than the rectory. There had been from 1699 (the first year of its existence) a land-tax of £4 on the vicarage. This was taken off, from and after 29th of September 1819, by duly appointed commissioners under the provisions of an Act of Parliament 57 Geo. III. cap. 100. About 1776, the sum of £400 was granted to the vicar by the governors of Queen Anne's bounty : when Mr Chapman became rector, he declined the receipt of the dividends accruing therefrom, and caused the grant to be cancelled. Milton is in the deanery of Chesterton, and Archdeaconry of Ely. The church of Milton, like that of the contiguous parishes of Landbeach, Cottenham, and Hampton, is dedicated to All Saints. As regards the majority of the churches of Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely, the remark seems worth making, that 42 are dedicated to S. Mary, 24 to All Saints, 20 to S. Andrew \ 16 to S. Peter, and 8 to the Holy Trinity. Milton church has a nave, a chancel, and a south porch, covered with tiles : a west tower, and a north and south aisle covered with lead ; and a vestry covered with slates. At the beginning of the sixteenth century it was all thatched with reeds. There is a pen-and-ink view of the south side of the church in Cole, to which is attached the date 24th July, 1744. He speaks of the church generally as ' an awkward kind of church, small lowe something dark and not very neate :' ^ S. Andrew was especially honoured in and around Cambridge, one third of the churches within a range of five miles being dedicated to him. 46 moreover, it must, from his reference wliich is given below, have been uncomfortably damp^. The tower is Later Decorated, and wanting in height. It has a buttress of two stages at its south-west and north-west corners, and also, two other buttresses at its north and south sides, which are the latest as well as the highest, and of three stages each. On the south face is a human head carved in stone : it is out of its proper position, having been probably the termination to a hood-mould, and possibly, that over the East window. It does not now quite fulfil the object of him who put it where it is, which must have been ornamentation rather than preservation, from its being uncomfortably and unnecessarily elevated. The upper part of the tower, or the steeple, with its plain battlemented parapet, has been super- added at two different times. The steeple was, and still i| continues to be, regularly fitted up internally as a pigeon- house by means of square holes cut in the four walls for the pigeons to build in. Such a beneficial appropriation of it, however, must be modern, and solely connected with the time, happily now passed by, and never again to recur, when the rectory had become in name and reality a sinecure. The tower has a clock on its west face, put up in 1848 at an ex- pense of £53, Immediately beneath it is what seems to be a portion of a gurgoyle. The money for the clock came chiefly from the directors of the Great Eastern Railway, as compensation for parish-land required by them for their works. A century and a half before a clock had existed on the tower. In the steeple are three bells. The inscriptions on the bells, beginning with the treble, are as follows : 1. Miles ■ Graye made me 1665 : 2. Thomas Newman^ made me 1717 :;.j 1 Nash's History of Worcestershire, Vol. i. p. 4, ' ^ Thomas Newman was a Norwich bell-founder. The inscription on the tenor bell at Kersey, near Hadleigh, in Suffolk, tells us where the foundry of the Grayes was, about which some doubt existed : — Samuel Sampson, churchwarden, I say. Caused me to be made by Colchester Graye, 1638. ^ 47 3. Non clamor sed amor cantat in aure Dei, 1621. This last bell, though bearing no maker's name, has been pronounced by competent authority to be the work of Tobie Norris of Stamford, The tower-arch, which until lately was blocked .up with the usual singing gallery, is now entirely open, except that a small barrel-organ, standing on the floor, occupies some of the lower portion of it. Over the arch towards the nave are the words ' Praise the Lord.' The nave is Early Decorated, and, like the naves at Hockington and Horningsey, has no clear-story windows, small churches in old times rarely possessing any. Two windows indeed of three lights each are above the south arcade ; these could not however have formed part of the first plan, and must have been inserted long afterwards, perhaps late in the sixteenth century, or even subsequently, to remedy in some measure the too great darkness of that part of the church. Cole's sketch has them. The font, ' a rude block,' and old, is large and octagonal, with a carved wooden cover ^ of the Jacobean period. Similar covers are very common, and afford, it is said, striking proofs of ' the temporary revival of church principles during that era.' The font may be coeval with the nave : it stood in 1744 against the second pillar of the north aisle, but is now placed in the centre of the church, nearly opposite the entrance door. Fonts, since the introduction of the pointed style of architecture, are commonly found in England, as at Milton, of an octagonal shape, because the number eight was consider- ed to symbolize regeneration. This notion is very ancient. The words even of an early Christian poet are : ' octagonus fons est ;' the reason assigned for it being, that as the old creation was completed in seven days, so eight, the next ^ The font used to be kept locked, as ordered in 1236 by Edmund, Archbishop of Canterbury. ' This was done for fear of sorcery, though the manner of committing the offence does not appear.' Hook's Arch- bishops of Canterbury, Vol. iii. p. 182 ; Hist, of Landheach, p. 75, n. 48 number in the series, rightly stands for our new creation in Christ Jesus : 'Hoc numero decuit sacri Baptismatis aulam Surgere.' The pillars, capitals and arches of both arcades are good, but they extend only two thirds of the way down the nave from the east. On the south of the chancel arch is what must have been a squint, or hagioscope, and designed for the benefit of those, who worshipped in the manor chapel. The nave, on the outside, retains its original pitch, and has at the east a portion probably of the stump of a stone cross : it was cieled, on account of the coldness of the church, by Mr Knight when rector. The woodwork of the roof belongs, like the cover of the font, to the early part of seventeenth century. The windows towards the west end of the nave are of four lights, and, being exactly similar to them, may have been put in at the same time with those above the arcade on the south ^. The pulpit and reading-desk were introduced at the expense of the present rector: the lectern was an Easter offering made in 1865 by the Eeverend Dr Giles, the present owner and occupant of the manor house with its grounds. Over the north arcade has been painted ' G od is a Spirit, and they that worship Him must worship Him in spirit and in truth :' over the south arcade ' The Lord is in His holy temple, let all the earth keep silence before Him.' The north aisle, containing only three bays, the third or westernmost being half the width of the two others, was rebuilt in 1864 through the exertions of the Rev. John Chapman. The whole interior of the church was reseated and rearranged at the same time, a sum of £530 having been raised for all the above purposes by means of the contribu- tions of himself and his friends. This aisle had been taken ^ Thomas Campion by his will dated in 1516 gives a legacy of xx'. to the making of a window on the south side of the church; whilst John Nicholson in 1521 desires two windows to be glazed after the pro- portion of the new window. See their wills. m 49 down by faculty nearly a century ago, in consequence of its very dilapidated condition, the space between the pillars blocked up, and two windows inserted, which by no pretence could be called ornamental. Cole records that he glazed these new windows, and put in a great deal of painted glass, viz. a crucifix : S. Paul with Ananias and Sapphira ; and the arms of some lords of the manor. 'Thursday, Sep. 2, 1779. The north aisle being in danger of falling, at the east end of which is my pew [it took up all the east end], the parish consented to pull it down: Mr Masters, rector of Landbeach [and also vicar of Waterbeach] Deputy Chancellor, having got leave of the bishop, they began to pull it down.' The faculty cost £8. Os. '6d. Cole has some lengthy remarks about the dispo- sition and conduct of the rector, Mr Knight, on this occa- sion', whom among oth6r epithets he calls a 'furious madman.' They were not worth making even if true, but the antiquary was far from being a person on whom we can depend in his estimate of others with unhesitating confidence. It would have been well for him had he, whilst writing designedly for the instruction of posterity, called to mind that posthumous slander tells much more to the detriment of him who thus perpetuates, if he does not invent it, than of him who is sought to be injured thereby. The north aisle is now rebuilt so as in plan and size to resemble the south aisle, which, we may feel sure, it did accurately resemble from the first. Its extent is small, [Still it must rather be considered an aisle than a chapel, and it was always so styled : a chantry it could not have been. A side chapel occupied the east end according to the usual custom in parish churches, and as we know to have been the case in the south aisle. Just below the tracery of its east window are two coats of arms, both of Queen Eliza- ^ Vol. VI. pp. viii. and xviii. fol. 242. 50 betli : tliey came from one of the side chapels in the chapel of King's College. A third piece of painted glass, miich more modern and due, as Cole tells us, to himself, repre- sents the death of Ananias and Sapphira. There are besides. two round pieces of glass 9 in. in diameter, bearing figures of St Margaret and St Catharine, also a quarry like the one engraved in Franks' Quarries, pi. 35. On the north wall is a tablet ' In memory of Isaac Marsh, who died the 5th of March 1837, aged 65 years.' The south aisle, like the nave, is Early Decorated work. Of the windows, which as well as the roof were repaired in 1855 at the expense of John Percy Baumgartner, Esq., the owner of the Manor, that to the east is, as usual, the finest, from having had an altar beneath it. The manor chapel, a portion of a more ancient church, with its chaplain, are mentioned so early as 1279, and must then have been in ex- istence for some time, whether we apply the words on p. 18 'whereof there is no memory' to the bestowing of the gift there mentioned, or to the foundation itself of the building i. That chapel, however, as at present existing, and called until very recent times L' Estrange' s chapel, did not include the whole of what is now thought to belong to the lord of the manor, namely, two out of the three bays of the aisle. Cole says of it in 1744 : ' Above half of the south aisle is divided from the rest by a screen, which is stalled round for a private chapel or oratory. On the north side, near the old altar, stands a very old altar tomb of [Purbeck] marble with nothing on it, as does another on the opposite side against the south wall : a little above the piscina is an awkward kind of mural monument of stone, and in it a brass plate.' This was the memorial of the Harris family. Blomefield mentions ' a very ancient altar tomb' in the south 1 We cannot tell whether by founder is meant he who originally built the church in Norman times, or he who substantially restored, if he did not actually rebuild, it in the thirteenth century. ^. i 51 aisle, 'with the circumscription lost,' and says^ 'by the arms of Le Strange in the east window, and its being called Strange's chapel, I make no doubt but that one of that ancient family is interred beneath it' The flooring of the whole chapel, according to the present notion of its extent, has been designedly raised about seven inches. It may have been done by Mr Knight, and like the second raising under part of the seats in order to give greater height to the vault beneath. At the east end of this aisle is an aumbry without its door ; a bracket, which must have served to support some figure; a niche, coloured green on the inside, which once had a statue^ within it : also, a piscina with its shelf, and one plain water-drain. The niche, having been plastered over, long continued in that state undisturbed. At length it was opened by the vicar, Mr Champneys, and found to contain certain small images. These had doubtless formed groups of figures, relics of the Roman Catholic mode of worship, and had been concealed there clearly in the six- teenth century by the pious care of some one, who did not wish them, according to his notions, to be desecrated, and who, therefore, provided for them, as he hoped (nor was he wholly disappointed), a sure hiding place. The con- cealment may, however, have had a different object. A report respecting the state of the diocese of Chichester, dated December, 1569', says, — ' They have yet in the diocese in many places thereof images hidden and other Popish ornaments ready to set up the mass again within 24 hours warning.' It is much to be regretted, that no care was taken, on their discovery, to keep togetlier those images, and so to preserve them, as to render them, if not, honoured, at least ■ an interesting memorial of former religious notions and ^ Collectanea, p. 175. 2 Of the Virgin Mary 1 3 Froude's Hist, of England, Vol. ix. p 508. 4—2 52 customSj particularly, since they were declared to be valuable not only for their antiquity, but for their workmanship. They are now completely dispersed, and, possibly, to a great extent destroyed \ The windows of this aisle contain a small portion of painted glass, of which some is old. The ornamental glazing quarries, though late, form the most interesting part of it. There are two quarries of a very large size, and six of tlie ordinary size ; the two large ones, bearing a honeysuckle and a rose, have been engraved^. Of the other six, four have a large rose on each, the remaining two a stag. In the tracery of the east window are also three coats of arms, one with twenty-two quarterings, the first being that borne anciently by Baron Maltravers, a second with six quarterings, the arms of queen Margaret of Anjou, the foundress of Queens' College, and a third, argent, three lioncels rampant, re- gardant, gules, with a bordure gobonated. Cole does not mention these arms, nor are they claimed in any way by the present owner of the manor. They would seem there- fore to have been put in, and probably by his ancestor Mr Knight, simply as ornaments. On the other hand Cole does say ' On the east window are — gules, two lions passant, argent, for Le Strange^ Or, a cross, gules. Gules, a chevron between three lioncels rampant, argent, paled with, gules, a chevron, ermine, between three garbes, ar- gent, for Goade. Also, party per pale three tygers' heads erased counterchanged.' ^ At Bluiiham, iu Bedfordshire, (of which parish the writer was once curate,) something similar occurred in 1849. In a cavity just below the east window of the church on the outside a collection of small figures, partially mutilated, was accidentally found. These have been rearranged iu their proper groups, and are exposed to view in a glass case at the rectory. 2 Pranks' Ornamental Olazing Quarries, p. 14, and Plates 68, 74. ^ For some remai-ks concerning the arms borne by several members of this family see Dugdale's Ancient Use of Bearing Arms, p. 53. 1 53 On a brass tablet now in the east wall we have the following inscription : ' Here lieth the body of John Harris Gent. Sonne of William Harris Esquier borne the 25 of June 1609 interred the 18 of October 1659. And allso the bodies of William, James, George, Michale, Briget, Anne, and Briget the younger, sonnes and daughters of the said John Harris and Martha his wife, daughter of Thomas Tempest of Whaddon Esquier, she had living then, when she erected this, 3 sonnes and 7 daughters. a°.d°, 1660.' At the top of the tablet are the father with his three sons, and the mother with her two daughters. The arms are, sable, 3 crescents 2, 1, argent, impaling Tempest, argent, a bend engrailed be- tween six martlets, sable. In the pavement is a stone slab, on which we read, * Here lieth the body of William Kettle, who dyed the 30th day of June 1700 in the 69 year of his age. Catherine his wife died 20 August 1727 aged 86 years.' At the north corner of the south aisle is a monument with this inscription : ' Sacred to the memory of George Nichols Esq. of Con- ington House Cambridgeshire, ob. April 15. 1812. ^t. 67. Also, of Phillppa, his widow, ob. October 9. 1837. ^t. 86. And of Philippa, their beloved and only child, ob. June 21. 1795. iEt. 15. Also, of two sisters of Mrs Nichols, Jane, widow of the Rev'^. Rich*^. Fayerman, Rector of Oby, Nor- folk, ob. October 16, 1821, Mt 72. And Anne Spelman, June 30, 1835, Mt 78. The last enemy that shall be de- stroyed is death. 1 Cor. 15. 26.' In the south aisle are four mural monuments. The first bears the following inscription : In a vault beneath are deposited In stedfast hope of a joyful resurrection The Remains of the Reverend Samuel Knight, M.A. Only son of the Reverend Samuel Knight, D.D. formerly Pre- . bendary of Ely. 54 He departed this life on the vi*'' day of January mdcoxc. In the Lxxii^ year of his age. His only son erects this in memory of the best of Fathers. Here also rest the Remains of Sarah Spelman Eldest sister of Elizabeth wife of Samuel Knight Esq''®. Who departed this life on the vi*^^ day of September mdoccvi. In the LXi^ year of her age. She died in a moment, in a moment she thought not of yet not unprepared. Reader be thou likewise ready. He was fellow of Trinity College, and B.A. 1738-9, M.A. 1742. The second monument consists of a bas-relief by Flaxman, beneath which is the following inscription : Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth Wife of Samuel Knight Esq. of tliis place Who after a few hours' illness only Exchanged this life for a better on the 17*** of June 1800 In the 39*'^ year of her age. Of women thou loveliest and thou best ! Enter, Eliza, on thy promised rest, (Mysterious proof of heaven's transcendant love) All but translated to the realms above ! Thy husband pardon for his grief implores. He weeps in frailty, but in faith adores. The christian feels thy gain, but must bemoan As man his children's loss ; — yet more his own. Bright excellence ! With every virtue fraught ! Such may we be ! By thy example taught ; Pure in the eye of heaven, like thee appear Should we this hour Death's awful summons hear ; Like thee all other confidence disown, And looking to the cross of Christ alone. In meekness tread the path thy steps have trod, And find, with thee,acceptance from our God ! At the head of the monument above the figures : Then Shall the good be received into life eveiiasting. 55 The bas-relief is described and criticised in the following extract from G. F. Teniswood, Memorials of Flaxman {Art Journal, 1868, p. 3) : ' Prominent among the list of works exhibiting the devo- tional feeling and spirituality of form exemplifying the genius of Flaxman, is that erected to Mrs Knight, in Milton Church, near Cambridge. Here... the spirit of the deceased, invested with the form of humanity, is rising from the tomb, and con- ducted heavenward by an angelic visitant. The conception is one he has frequently adopted, as embodying the highest aspirations of Christian belief. For the purpose of such memorials it would be difficult to select an idea more in general keeping with the feeling prompting them, or better calculated to assist the teachings they enunciate in the mute, yet speaking, marble. The figure here seen as rising from the tomb is rather the embodiment of spirit than the representation of substance, and whether viewed as a whole or in parts, presents the most ideal refinement. Though with the foot yet touching the earth, the action of rising to soar away is beautifully suggested, to which effect the lines of the drapery, by exhibiting rather than concealing the forms beneath, largely contribute. In the church at Croydon, lamentably destroyed by fire some months past, was a replica of this monument, though differing in one respect. To the upper figure Flaxman had given wings, which, while marking its character and intention in the group, distinguished it from the individuality suggested by the lower form. Such a modification of the work was probably suggested to him, as many friends of the deceased lady whose monument is at Milton felt the expression of the conception would have been more vividly apparent had the upper figure been so treated. Such a supposition is favoured by the relative date of the two works, that at Milton having been erected about 1802, the group at Croydon not being placed till about 1810.' 56 The third monument in the south aisle bears the following inscription : Samuel Knight Born July xit^ mdccliv Died June vii*^ mdcccxxxv . My children, friends, and thou beloved wife, Dear pious partner of my closing life ! > Watching (as duty prompts) my parting breath — Mourn not as void of hope a ^Christian's death- Control the mournful. — the embittered sigh : On Christ, my God and Saviour I rely ; Christ still the same (what though I've lived to see Tow'rds Rome's fell power a sad apostacy) Vile as I am, wash'd in his blood, I know ; My scarlet sins are made as white as snow — " Increase my faith, I prayed ; repentance give. " And in thy rest, Lord, my soul shall live : " Celestial gift ! thy Holy Spirit send " To lead each thought to good, from ill defend ; " Till I, blest inmate of thy pure abode, " Through all eternity behold my God." Frances Knight, widow of the above ^ Died Dec. 10 a.d. 1844. God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son that whosoever believetli in him should not perish But have everlasting life. ' St John iii. 16. He was of Trinity College, B.A. 1776 and M.A. 1779. The foregoing monuments are on the south wall, the fourth is at the west end of the aisle. It is by Chantrey, and bears the following inscription : Sacred to the memory of Samuel Knight, Jun"^. Only son of Sanmel Knight, Esq., of Milton Who peacefully departed this life On the 2°'! day of June, 1829 in the 39^^ year of his age Trusting in the tender mercies of his God, Through the mediation of his Redeemer — How dearly loved, how deeply mourned, By her who consecrates this stone can be known only to Him Unto whom all hearts are open. In that part of the south aisle, which extends the width r,7 of tlie third arch, and which until of late years had been for some time separated from the rest, on the north and east sides, by a lath and plaster partition, in order to serve for a porch, a raised crossed slab now lies : it was found in 1864 in the nave, and is in beautiful preservation. Like the slabs, which may be seen in the churches of Hockington, Horning- sey, and Landbeach, it has near the middle of the shaft of the cross that most puzzling ornament, about which so many unsatisfactory conjectures have been offered. All these slabs are referred to the thirteenth century\ The small west window of the aisle is original, and is now tilled with painted glass by W. H. Constable representing Jacob's dream, with the passage from Scripture, ' This is none other but the house of God, and this is the gate of Heaven,' Over the entrance door hang the royal arms. These originally belonged to Landbeach Church, but in 1826 were transferred to Milton, as not being any longer required there ^ The chancel, contrary to the usual custom, is on the same level as the nave : with the exception of the south wall it was entirely- rebuilt in 1847 at the expense of the rector. The part he pulled down may have been, and most probably was, chiefly Early English work ; an Early English chancel having replaced the Norman apse, which was the case in so many other churches. A few of the old stones must have been used again in the rebuilding of the east end, and espe- cially the bottom stone of the coping of the gable on both sides, which is apparently of the Early English style of architecture, and may thus once more occupy its proper place ^ At the termination of the chancel on the outside is a modern ornamental stone cross. ^ Cutis' Sepulchral Slcibs and Crosses, p. 44. ^ History of Landbeach, p. 63. ■* Similar stones were once at the east end of Waterbeach church, but these wei'e not restored on the rebuilding of the chancel. Glossary of Architecture, Vol. i. p. 440, edit. 1850. 58 The chancel arch is Norman with plain capitals, being the onlj portion still remaining of the churcli, to which' it at first belonged. Over it towards the nave is : ' I will wash my hands in innocency, Lord, and so will I go to Thine altar.' The king's arms and the ten commandments were there in 1744. The modern east window of four lights is Decorated; it was the gift of the patrons of the advowson, and has its tra- cery filled with painted glass at the expense of Mr Chapman. The previous window was, of course, in its earliest state, that inserted by an ancient rector, John Scot, who had been pre- sented to the living in 1349. A brass underneath it in the pavement once recorded the fact. We may suppose that it was then said of the Early English chancel, as, forty years before, it had been said of the same style of chancel with its narrow windows at Horningsey: 'nee est ibi lumen compe- tens,' and that this led to the substitution. The window on the north, as well as that on the south, side of the chancel is Late Perpendicular : the painted glass of the latter was put in a few years ago, and represents under three aspects, each with a distinct reference to the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, the marriage supper at Cana of Galilee. The new open roof is a copy from the roof of the Roman Catliolic chapel at Cambridge, which was made after a design by the late Mr Pugin. On the south side of the chancel is an aumbry. The piscina^ of which each compartment has a water-drain, is partially a restoration, though, of course, in all respects an accurate resemblance of what previously existed. This piscina, therefore, bears another testimony to an Early English chancel ; subsequent to the thirteenth century indeed it could not well be from the occurrence even of its double ^ When the church at Horningsey was restored in 1865 two pischias were discovered, one which belonged to the roodloft, and another almost immediately beneath it, the former square and about the year 1400, the latter trefoiled and a century perhaps, earlier. 59 water-drain, which can hardly be found after that period, from being thenceforward no longer necessary. The beau- tiful cinque-foiled sedilia are Late Perpendicular, which is shown by the presence of the peculiar ornamental cusping called double feathering, whose introduction is to be referred to the reign of Hen. VII. Over them are the words : ' Whoso eateth My flesh and drinketh My blood, hath eternal life.' Along the west side of the chancel, and somewhat blocking up the entrance to it, are four oaken stalls, old and good, having, it is said, below the misereres the arms of the see of Ely ; as they are evidently not in their first position, they may be the stalls to which Cole alluded, and which he says were arranged to the north and south of the chancel. There is likewise some carved work in oak of later date, as well as some uncarved oak, all of which came from the hall of the previous rectory house. The Communion Table has above it the sentence, 'Do this in remembrance of Me.' In 1744 the Table was on one step only, (now it is on two), and not^ railed in. The rails had been taken away about a century before by order of the House of Commons. The present rails be- longed at first to King's College Chapel. Though far from modern, they yet are not at all after the pattern enjoined by Archbishop Laud, whose Injunctions required them to be •'neere one yarde in height, and so thick with pillars, that dogges might not get in^' Cole says about them : * In 1774 I spoke to the Provost, and told him, that he could not dispose of part of the old altar piece at King's College, which was lately taken down for a new one, [better] than to give it to this dirty church of their patronage, and where his namesake, William Cooke, was interred. He went into the church, and said it was so squalid, that unless the parish would do ^ This we may hnagine was the usual state of the tables throughout the kingdom in the eighteenth century; for the Spectator in 1711 says of Sir Roger de Coverley — 'he has raUed in the Communion Table at his own expense.' No. 112. " History of Landbeach, p. 93, n. The East Anglian, p. 192, n. 60 somewhat, the altar part would make it look worse. However, part of the old rails were sent, and are now [1779] put up.' To the north of the space set apart for the Commu- nion Table is a good late brass, at present in the pavement, but which used to form the top of a high or altar tomb, of which Cole has a drawing. This brass comprises the effigies of the judge and his wife with scrolls above their heads, two groups of children, (two sons beneath the father, three daughters beneath the mother), a large plate with arms, , helmet, and crest and mantling, and an inverted inscription i below the two groups of children; the whole being surrounded I by a border-legend with evangelistic emblems at the corners. The judge wears his robes over his ordinary civic attire ; the lady the loose dress with puffed and slashed sleeves of the time of Queen Mary. The arms are : Per pale, argent and sable, 3 wolves' heads erased, counterchanged : crest, a wolfs head erased, per pale, argent and sable. The marginal inscription is as follows: 'Orate pro anima Gulielmi Coke, armigeri, unius Justiciariorum Domini Eegis de Communi 'Banco, qui obiit vicesimo quinto die Augusti, Anno Domini Millesimo quingentesimo tercio, et pro bono statu Alicie Uxoris ejus, que monumentum fieri fecit' Over the judge is: ' Plebs sine lege ruit;' over his wife: ' Mulier casta, dos pulcherrima.' The Latin sentence over the judge may have borne some relation to the state of England at the time of his death. It was ' the motto on the rings of the Serjeants, who were called in the same term, in which Cooke was raised to the bench.' Tlie square plate below the feet of the figures bears this inscription : Marmore sub duro Gulielmus Cocus humatur Judex justicia notus ubique sua. Ingenio valuit doctrina cognitione Necnon et magno prseditus eloquio. Vir bonus atque plus magna pietate coruscas ■ Virtutum semper verus alumnus erat. Nunc merito vita defunctum lugimus eheu! Hoc moriente viro nemo dolore caret. 61 Some small portions of this brass are unfortunately now lost'. On the other side lies a stone which is thus engraved, though now very difficult to be read: ' Eliz. Johannis Lane A. M. hujus ecclesie Kectoris Uxor KovptSla, ac dilectissima ob. 9''" die Nov. An. Sal. Humanse 1743, est. 27. Quem semper acerbum, semper honoratum (voluit sic numen) ha- bebo. Ostendunt terris banc tantum Fata, neque ultra esse sinunt. She was a wife, take her for all in all, I shall not look upon her like again. Foemina ingenuis orta parentibus, jam teneris in cunabulis orphana, educta libere : rei familiaris egregie perita. Quot vero, quantasque serumnas, durante brevissimo hujus vitse curriculo, per malitiam'"^ clanculum in tenebris operantem, necnon apertam, audacem et impudentem, quinetiam per superbiam in altum evecti pseudo-fratris, unius saltem togati hominis, causas, nullus dubito, sed non sine numine, tam immaturee mortis, constanti animo pertulit, Summa Dies, cum corda universi hominum generis apertis- sima fuerint, indicabit. Aia roov dyvtoarcov crov nraOrjfMaTwv iXirjaov rjfia