ii::i il fit liii -n.-d^ ^°^ o V - -n^c^^ ." Ji^' ^o. .^°^ v-o^ 1- AT "^ aV ♦jn" .,'^ O. ► ^^^"^^^S ' iO •7', MRS. ROYALL'S PENNSyLVAKTZA, OR TBAVELS CONTllNUE LY THE UNITED STATES. By MKS. ANNE ROVALL, .idhor uf '^Sketches of History, Life, and Munners in l.ht Unitod States, and the "7e?in(iSseca?i." !>.' TWO volumes; vol. II. WASHINGTDK:— PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR 1829. V' 1. ; DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, to Kit: #******** Be it remembered, That, on the'Ninth day of Marcli % * in the yoar of our Lord one thousand eight hundred * SEAL. * and twenty-nine, and of the Independence of the Uni- * * ted Slates of America the fifty-third, Mrs. ^NNE ********* ROYALL, of the said district, has deposired in the office of the Clerk of the District Court for the District of Cohiin- bla, the Title of a book, the right whereof she ciaims as author, in ii I only distinguished the word crazy. This was done to intimidate the people of the house, what else passed be- tAveen them, I have never learned from that day to this. The landlady, the greatest savage in petticoats, met me at the door sill with a candle in her hand; "come this way good woman," said she, leading the way into a back par- lor, "what is the matter," I told her, "nothing was the matter, that I had stopped for the night and intended to take the Accommodation in the morning, that I was wet and cold, and wished to have a cup of tea as quick as pos- *HaJ they been any thing but hog Irish they would have loaned tne an. umbrella which they had. 10 ADVENTURES. sible." "You cannot stay here, we don't keep any body," "You have a sign, what is that for ? and whether you have or not, would you be such a savage as to turn a female out of doors such a dark night as this! besides there are rubbers in the stage and I shall not travel with them." "You cannot stay, we dont kept any body, you cant stay." "I mil stay, and get me something to eat this moment or I will have you fined and your license taken from you." She then went off for the landlord, and I went to order out my trunks, but the Pats and the mud (^river had come to an understanding Avith respect to the trunks, nor would I suppose, it was the first time either had committed rob- bery. But admitting this, what, are we to think of the landlord who, after attempting to force me into the stage, suffered these robbers to carry off the trunks before his face.? To come to the point, I have little doubt but the landlord, one Hawk, was the wor^t of the gang. But you must know before we go any further, that the woman was one of the godly ones, and had you seen her efforts to force me into {he stage, you would have thought she was converting a heathen. "You can't stay, and you ought to go and take care of your trunks, you will never see them again, they will go to New-Orleans, you will never see them again, you can't stay, you can'lt stay, you must, you shall go," She would every now and then, (putting liei tace close to mine, as though she were going to kiss me,) bring my cloak and bonnet. I went to the door however, and the driver, as great an old v n as ever went un- hung, being pointed out to me, I told him to take my trunks off at his peril. The Teagues and Pittsburg, would whisper to him; mean time I told the landlord, he was a party concerned and I would prosecute the whole of them, "lou must go and take care of your trunks." "You ruf- fian, how dare you say I must go, I will not go an inch;" "I will make you go," said the brute.* "Touch me if you dare, you ruffian,, are you all robbers?" At tiiis I turned from the door, the landlord turned pale, and the *I showed the driver Col. Lindsey's receint, he ''did not care tot Col. Liudjcy." ADVENTURES. H she- wolf growled and gnaslied her teeth; she followed me up however, with my cloak and bonnet, and seemed to enter warmly into the interest of the Teagues. There were two young women about the house, who were cle- ver, good-looking women, and looked displeased with the movements of the enemy. One of them prepared to set me some refreshment; but kept her eye upon the mis- tress of the house, who was in great agitation, repeating without intermission, "You will never see your trunks again;" and the driver, old Folk, at the door, "The stao-e IS agoing— the shxffe is agoing;" he cracked his whi°p but all m vain. I was determined to meet death in the house. . When ^he heard the stage drove off, she threw her- self on a chair, (my cloak still hanging on her arm ) and almost expired from despair. The young women then set the table out, and biOuo-ht me some tea, and bread and butter, and attended me verv pohlely. Meantime the table was set with profusion and \atjety for the ruffian of a driver, in the same room '— l^his driver, who drove from the last stage, was the prin- cipal in the afi^iT, as it was his business to interfere and see that I was treated well; and the robber Folk ou<^ht to be sent to the slate prison for carrying off my trunks, which he did, alter I ordered him not. But what asto- nished me was that these Teagues should have been able m so short a time, to succeed so effectually with the wo- man: their bringing over the, scape-gallows Folk was a matter of course. The landlord kept mostly in the bar- room, and here I was with a gang of robbers— no bed or private room to repose in, and the> whole of my bajr- gage carried off ! . ^ jo After some time the landlord, with his band of ruffians came into the room, and I addressed him as follows- "I am, doubtless, to be riiurdered, as I have been robbed through your means, whose business it was to take my baggage out of the stage; but you may rely upon it, mr friends will make you a public example; they will -re- yenge themselves by nothing short of your life- beint; well assured of this, I shall die contented: you are'a ^m- 12 ADVENTURES. ty ruffian to keep a public house, and be trusted with the mail; were you the robber that shot the man lately, in- stead of Mr. Ramsey?* He was confounded, and slunk off" out of the room. 1 then asked if I could get a place to lie down, or was I to sit up all night. "You ought to have gone on with the stage," said the landlady. 1 told her not to give me a word of her insolence; "I will fix you, madam, for the jjame you have played to-night: speak, am I to have a bed or not?" She then called the young woman to her, and said something which I did not hear; and the girl picked up the candle and told me to follow her; and, taking me through the decent chambers, enter- ed a dirty room over the kitchen, used, doubtless, for stage-drivers and dirty travellers. The room had two doors, both without locks. I saw the drift, but was per- fectly undaunted. There were two beds in the room; one was tolerable; the other, a straw bed with one sheet as black as the pot, and an old dirty rug; and the whole stunk. The girl led me to the straw bed, and said, that was the bed I was to sleep in. "Not I, indeed; I'll never go into that bed: why may I not go into that hed.'" ppu)t- ing to the best one. "She says you must sleep in this." I told the giri^to go and bring my cloak, and a glass of water, that I should sit up all night. She went off, and after sometime brought another bed in, and laid it on the top of the straw bed, and putting a clean sheet and some dirty covering on it, went off, and I lay down in my clothes; but do not imagine I slept. I lay and listened attentively when the murderers would make their appearance; for an attempt I knew they intended to make, by their put- ting me in a room without any means of fastening. One door was at the foot of my bed, and one at my head. 1 watched both, and had also put out my candle. About eleven o'clock, I heard footsteps approaching up the kitchen stairs, at the foot of my bed; and present- ly the door opened softly, and the landlord entered with a candle in his hand! My face was only covered with the •Every one knows the narrow escape of Mr. Ramsey of Pitlsborg, another laan being shot in his stead, near this place. AUVEXTURES. L'i sheet, through which I saw hira plainly. He passed rounabout to address a note t<) Cononel Lindsev, of IvlcConnelslown, inforaiinj^" him of my misfortun'^ Hjid the ecndntft of the whole posse; 'i'-'i^diakiiJig my pa- p-era out ofrny iciiruie, to look for a piece of blank pa- per 10 write on,' 1 f;ut myharidon a lefer of in'roduction (J had several) Ooni Capt. vJ.-ek to his.brot]:(:r (/Gn ens- hai-i^. I ask- d ihf, landUidy wiso W2S f^taruiinc: by ''if sh^' rould read vvriting." "iNot very well." ''\1Vll, thf^n, I wilt read it for vou;" and read to her the Tetter. "JVow tnadam," said I, "what willthe public/think of your co«i- duet, and tliat of jour husband?'' ''It was them oeopie's fault." ''ft ivas'5'our i^idf. s i?.^ Tnot as mmh title to credit as ihe people? Wha' did th.^y say?" She Wdiild not tell. '-Then you are as ^nlo-as they, a'ld } will have the whole of you punished." She then asked me to let her take tiic lelter to her husband in the bar. I gave her the letter, and in a .short time ihe.y both came in, very much alarmed. "\ou see, now, sir, wh6m you have to deal with, and I am glad to find you are a manof projier- ty suflicient to pay Ihedamage^ 1 have doubtless sustained by the robbery." This cut him to the quick. "Whv f my travels; and it is very prohable their Teagneships Biay end their travels with a rope or penitentiary. This was the place it was supposed my baggage would be let'i; but no baggage was here. 1 was on the winning side, however, as 1 was sure of my baggage, or the wortii ofii; aj.d ilie incident was of no litile value. Those niock gentlemen want a little Tij)perary fun — ihev shall have ^'Iheir fill." , , ', The distance fiom Bedford to the summit of flie Alle- gheny id fourteen miles, seven mijes from there to Hawks, and two to Stoystown; which we lea\e, aAcr taking in a handsome, well dressed little boy, who was going to Giccnsburg. I was much pleased with my Tennos.seean, who com- bined all the L'levated, cool, steady bravery of his coun- try, [lad he been with me the pievious day he wouid .Mx>n have settled the business with the bogtrotters; and it is hoped that every Tennesseean in Nashville will siiow^a proper aud dignified resentment towards Teagiie Sbaipno&p, who mi'-y very easily be known, having siiil one oi ihi-. praties in his mouth, which lathcr imj;edes his speech. And as for the ladies of jNashville, I trust they V. ill, for once, act becoming, and cease to patronize tiiose bogtrotters. An Irish gentltman 1 admire; but those Teagucs, even to the canal diggers, make it their boast, to our disgrace, that " all the American ladies love the Patt;^." i should be gratified never to hear the expres- sion a^in; and, still more, that the man who would use it njighl be kicked out of doors, What can our women bee in tijem.'' I see riot iiing but impudence. Curious taste. But I was pleased with my driver as wdl as with rny Tennesseean. He had lieardof the conduct.pf the pe< - pie beb.ind.us, and resented it highly. He very politely inquired at every stopping place for my baggage; auil my Tennesseean, also, siiovved a very becoming resent- ment, and deported himself with the manners of a gen- tleman, although a plain farmer. He was a yomig, stout man. Here I have a remark to make, which never struck me before, that the dress and manners of a Tennesiietaa r\m iaouNTAixs. 17 are alvv&ys tlie same, let him be of what occupation he may, mecliaiiic or philosopher; and their philosophers are mechanics and farmers; and though I never acquir- ed tlie gentleman's name, 1 felt proud of his company and his country. We descended very little in passing from the Alleghe- ny to the Laurel hill; from the summit of \\hich to the summit of the latter is twenty-six miles. I have eise- ^vhere remarked that these chains are several miles dis- tant from each other, with handsome rich valleys of mcadovv-land between them. These vales are well wa- tered, and in a high state of cultivation. [Now John Bull laughs again. He thinks nothing is cultivated out of Hengland — suppose the reason why he Sent Pishey Tom's son as a specimen — wish him safe over the water again] The cattle are not so large but equally sleek and thrifty, particularly upon tlie German farms; and these are most numerous. Sheep run at large on the mountains, look very white and clean, and are larger than 'those farther east;* and the water is the purest in the world, doubtless. The land is rich and level here, but rather cold and moist. In the course of six or seven miles we arrived at the foot of Laurel hill, now and then crossing some of the tinest streams imaginable. The Laurel hill, which is a mountain of some height, has very little in it, at first sight, indicative of a mountain. It merely presents a gentle swell, and very little laurel to be seen; and by casting your eyes forward to see the celebrated Laurel hill, so famous in history, you are entirely disappointed; you see the sky through the trees, and I, no little mor- tified, asked the driver in a pet, " where are the Lau- rels.'" " You will see enough of them by and by." I was sure the man was mistaken. But after driving a niile or so, I found laurel and rocks and steeps in prdfu- sion, and a real mountain, three miles to the summit; and, also, three to the base-— the whole a barren forest of evergreens, and some of the most beautiful transparent •Jhe wolves often attack aod kill many of tbem :— ^vilc missionaries. 18 THE M0USTA1X«. fountains I had met with; The features of this mountain are precisely similar to what is called Sevvell's Moun- tain, in Virginia, on the Kenhawa road, except that it j» steeper to the top. But on the summit, youvvould iinai^iue it to J'C the very same which it is. We find the same deep vales, shaded to darkness, and the same rushing streams, (running over white sand,) as clear as crystal. After descending from the Laurel hill we enter upon a beautiful })lain, lying between the Laurel hill and Ckesnut Ridge, the last of the Allegheny range. This vale is fertile, and covered with haadsome farms of gra.ss, grain, and orchards; and here the beautiful limber be- gins to appear, so famous in the •western parts of Penn- sylvania. One of the handsomest situations I saw in the mountains lies at the fopt of the Chesnut Ridge. A rural stream runs swiftly through a rich meadow, of uncom- mon beauty. The stream is broad and sliallow, and me- anders and ripples and murmurs in a most delighiful ser- pentine, as far ns you can see. '*p^ .,.*".' Though .':he Chesnut Ridge is low, compared ' to th:-, other ranges of the Allegheny, it has all the appearance; of a mountain as you'-anproaob it, and isof consideiahle extent;, but you hra-dly perceive you are on a mouniair- while crossing it, either from the aspect of the'timber oi' the surface of the soil, whi(ih is nearly the same with that of the valleys, and is susceptible of cuUivation. The distance across t'uese mountains has been noticed in the first volume, which is c>iie ^.undrtsj.! ar.d sixty miles, viz. ijom fiiB Blue Moutitaitte to ibe loot of Chesnut Ridge. / \. ■ ' * .From the commencement of the .piouutain to the end, the appearance of thfe, inhabitants gradualfy but sensibly change in size, manners and com{)]exion. The small stature, sallow face, apd uniformity of manners, gives place to S stout- robust figurge, fair, complexion, and man- ners very different from the people east of the mountains. The diiference in complexion and size is easily ac- counted for, which is the salubrity of the air and water The beautiful bloom, t!ie lily-white forehead, and pluoip cheek of the young women and children may be traced THU MOUNTAIX3. 1,9 from Carlisle, where it begins to dawn, to tliis place; and presents the very same distinguishing traits, foufKl in East and West Virginia. The disiinciions between the east and west of thft Allegheny Mouniains had long been familiar to me, as respected the great State of Virginia; and why it should be expected to differ irom Pennsylvania but one rcabon at all can be given, as these two Slates present a like restrnblance as respects these mountains; and are, so far as 1 know, the ouly States that exhihu the idenii- 9Sjl ridges of Appachiau Mouniains. But the stale of society in the njpuntains of these tvro States are very dititiresit, which is doubtless, owing to the different periods each has been settled, and the great Aqw of emigrants, which has been a thousand to tea in ■vfavor of Feunsyivaniii. Tlie cause ot this has been al- ready noliced; which is, that the armies clearing the roads through the latter at a. very early period. From , thi3 cause (iie people oa this Gi'eat Weslfrn Road have •"' become a sfct of sharpers, vicious asd in.solent;- which ihey have doubtless-acquired from the character of the vast number of that description of peopit^, called the ECum of the Old Slaves, who flee from justice, and those who live no where longer than they arc found out Of the ialter, there are muUitudes continually on the wing, se:P.liir<5 i^'V prey. Frc-in iliis Ci*use, as in ail countries .. where society is infested by vicious characters — the '►>,, tran.-iportat ion of commerce from PhUadeipJiia to Pitts- burgh— Itie vast number of stages',_ and the powerful ef- fect of money upon tiiese innkeepers' and . stage-proprie- tprs, it is no longer safe for people, unarmed or unpro- tected, .18 travel; and th.e tide of travelling will, without doubt, be withdrawn so soon as the Pennsylvania canal is finished, whicli lies to the noith of tliis route. This character of the route is only applicable to the mountains; ' from which, however, we must exempt all who have no concern with travellers. It is quite the reyerse in the mountains of Virginia — there is not a more noble race upon earth than those who inhabit the mountainous part of Virginia. I never heard 2^0 LAUCHLINTOWX. of an insult, much less a robbery or murder committed there, where I lived many years; and the reason is obvi- ously to be attributed to the causes I have mentioned. Not only the complexion and size but the dress of these mountain people differ from the lowlanders. We always see these cherry-cheeked damsels, as well as children, dressed in domestic vvoolsey, mostly red and blue stripes. They have very hadsome features, but are not well shaped. Their hair is generally fair, and their eyes blue. But the children astonished me by their ac- tivity and beauty. I saw one of those little urchins, as I drove on through tjie mountains, who could not have been more than seven months old, trolling along upon his hands «nd feet, on his way to the barn by himself. He was about a hundred yards from the house, when the mother missing him, sent one of its sisters after it. The little fellow apprehending something of the sort, would often look behind, and when he discovered he was pur- sued, never did a pick-pocket mend his pace with more desperation to escape from his enemies than the little crawlaway. The farmers in these mountains cultivate all kinds of ^•rain, and prefer timothy to clover, to which the soil is very favorable; flax and potatoes grow in great perfection, in short, nature has blessed them with every thing but a discriminating respect for strangers, which I can by no means allow them; they are a mixture of Germans and Irish, and most of them are great admirers of priests and tracts. We dined et Laughlintown, the place where it was finally supposed I would find my baggage — but no bag- gage excepting a small bundle was to be fotind; and the old ruffian who kept the inn at Laughlintown, was a party concerned in the robbery I am pretty sure, whether he had the property in possession at the time or not. The moment I entered the house I saw guilt in the counti- nance of the whole of them, and bribing one of tlie domestics who was upon the point of disclosing some- thing relative to the party who robbed me, whom she said took supper there about midnight, when the old LAVGHLIKTOWX. 5fl ruffian of the tavern discovered her, and sent her into a another room under pretence of preparing- my dinner. He watched n)e ho close afterwards, that I had no op- f^ortunily of conversing with any of the family, who though they evidently knew sometiiing: of the baggage, were afraid to divulge it; all I could aret out of the old man was the bundle v\'hicii was of little value, and that the driver whet! inlerroiraicd about being late said, "they had a trbubUsonie woman in the stage." 1 told the old nian the driver's words would probably prove true to him ;u by the driver. ''It was your duty by an e&- taldihhed custom ai ail sts'ie-oiTiCes to not only see that the pa'-.sengeisarid baygage was safe, but lohave stopped tlie extra baggage till 1 came up." Had this man been any thing t)ul the most hardened luffian, he would drtiad punishment; and as he owned a part of the line hfe mu.st have expected to pay his part of the loss, should it prove to be one. I told him be might expect the rigour of llielaw, to all of whicli he testified the unconcern of tte most hardened v — — — - — ^n. ii; is needless to viam travellers against this house. I do not know the rulfian^s na«ie, hut he may be known- by his picture. 'i'he Tennesseean and the little boy (who came with ue3t Fennsylvania The land lies in gentle swells, and is of the richest quality ._ Gr,eeu.^*:>urif is a very bandsoine borough town, of about cne^thoiisand inhabitants, and occupies one of thr^most dt-lightrul oitwa tions to be met with, oif of the waters, iu the State, 'ibis town, which is mostly built of brick, ^vas built since Uanoahstown was burnt by the Indians, if iam not mis- taken, ill 1782: but it doubtless will not improve much more as it is some distance from nayi:j;ation. It will, jiow- ever, always allure the eye of taste from the beauty of its scenery and fertility of thf^ surrounding country, which arises around it in swelling hills of unrivalled beauty. The Chesnut ridg,e is seen plain from Greensburg, stretch- ing along to the east, in anunbrokeu line. 1 was recommended to the tavern'^of Col. Rohrer, ijt preierence to the stage-house, one of the most dangerou^^ GREENS BURG, 25 houses perhaps, from Bedford to Pittsburg, and though r had nothing to lose novy but my life, I was much pleas- ed I had escaped the house. When the stage stopped at the door for the passengers to get out, I enquired, if my trunks were left there; they vyere not; I had understood, he was proprietor of the line, an.l shewing my receipt taken for my fare at Bed- ford to Greensbuig; I informed tlie man who came to the stage, that I should look to the proprietor for the hag- gage, slating at the same time^he manner it was carried off— he was not the stage owner, he said, but he would mention it; I then requested them to drive me to Colonel Rhorer's, which is customary with all stages that I have ever tiavelled in— no— I must get out there, the driver would be d d to h-ll if he would drive me any where, (he ought to have a iew tracts.) Meantime a perfect rabble gathered about the stage, doubtless many of them were hi,'i;hway robbers, but she had been robbed before. By chance a ragged old man pointed out to me the house of colonel Rliorer, and I trudged along on foot to the colonel's. The first lljing I said upon entering the house, Avas a charge of unkindness against the stage folks of the other house, and the nextthing was^'I wanted breakfast." Col. R. however, stood still and looked at me in amaze- ment; meantime I was talking out some letters, I happen- ed to liave one which caught the eye of the Col. it was di- rected to a Mr. Barclay, next door but one, and instead of ordering breakfast the colonel stepped into Mr. Barclay's and brought him in. 1 saw in a moment, the colonel had no idea of giving a woman breakfast who came alone and on foot to his house, without baggage; but after he heard the letter read, and the respect with which I was receiv- ed by Mr. Barclay, every thing in t.he house was at my service, and nerer a kinder man, though I often laughed at him for his suspicion. He would laugh too, and said he thought I was some poor woman, and he thought Cor- rectly. In the course of the evening, (this was Sunday,) several gentlemen called, and Mr. B. spent most of the day in my parlor. 3— Vol. II. 26 GREENSBURG. But the first thing I did, was to send my letters to Pitts- burg (written the previous night,) to apprehend the one- eyed man in case the baggage was not forthcoming; whether he or the Teagues had the trunks, the crime wa« the same in him, as he was equally guilty, for it was evi- dent the driver at Hawk's, would not have dared to carry off my trunks without the assistance and persuation of the passengers, and though he had laid himself liable to a prosecution fur forcibly: taking my property before my face, it did not exonerate them. I addressed my letter to Messrs. Johnston and Stockton, and requested them to write immediately, and resolved to await at Greensburg until I should hear the fate of my baggage. The Teagues, I supposed, would take passage down the Ohio as soon 85 they arrived at Pittsburg; but by arrresting the one- eyed, I conjectured the trunks would be forthcoming; at all events 1 was safe, as the line was able to make good the damages, and I would have spent my time happily had the thieves not carried otf my M.S.' Besides Col. Rhorer (to whom, though I had forgot- ten it, [ had a letter of introduction,) and Mr. Barclay, I had letters to Gen. Wise, Col. Wise, and Mr Jack, a brother of Mr. Wm. Jack whom I saw at Bedford. Col. Wise was gone to take his scat in the legislature of Penn- sylvania at Harrisburg, and neither Gen. Wise nor Mr, Jack were at home. Mr. Alexander, with whom I had corresponded some years back, called in the course of the evening, which, and the company at the house, helped to beguile the time until Monday. Hearing Hon. R. Coul- ter, member of Congress lived in Greensburg, I address- ed a note to him apprising him of my presence, and that I would be happy to see iiim; he returned a very polite answer, representing he was indis})osed, and I amused myself the best way I could until the next day. " The en- euing day was delightful lor the season, and I indulged myself in viewing the borough, and first paid my respects to Simon Drum, esq. the Postmaster, being anxious to see a man of whom i had lormed a high opinion, from having exchanged a few letters with him several years ago; I was much pleased to hear he was still living in Greensburg, GREENSBURG. 27 As 1 passed by the stage-office, near to which the post-office was kept, I called in with a view of gaining some infor- mation of my baggage, the passengers, and see the land- lord, and take my observations, and cast an eye round the house; I found a tall black looking man in the bar, whom I asked if he was the landlord, he was not, the bar- keeper then, no, he was neither; I was amazed, if there was a master about the house, or a bar-keeper, why would they suffer a stranger to stay in the bar. Seeing a woman sweeping the bar-room, I asked her, wliere was the master of the house, she did not know; where is the bar-keeper, I do not know, who is that in the bar? I don't know. She was ugly enough to frighten a bear, and as vicious as she was ugly; a gangling young man passed by, I asked him, who that was in the bar; he did not know. I saw at once, that this house was perfectly in the secret of the robbery, and observing, as they were all so very ignorant, T hoped to have the pleasure one day 6S giving them a few lessons. I then slepped in to see Mr. Drum, and found in him a most amiable man. He said he had learned from the pa- pers I was to be in Greensburg; and our interview was mutually pleasing. I related to him the robbery, and also the occurrence at the stage office. He sent a boy with me to show me the stage proprietor, who was no other than the man I had seen in the bar! I then began to broach the business of the robbery, and asked, why he did not slop the trunks; as he must have seen from the way billthat I was behind, and the name on the trunk corresponduig with that on the way-bill, he ought not to have let the trunks pass his house. With the very front of an assassin, he ordered me out of the house: he cared nothing about my trunks, nor me either. Doubtless, he had a hand in the robbery, or connived at it, which was the same thing. But, finding from his looks and his lan- guage he would not hesitate to murder me, (as I had es- caped the hands of the other assassins,) 1 quit the house. From the great tide of travelling, and, doubtless, a •hare in the plunder, thi» man, one of the last of human beings, has become immensely rich; and so have all those 28 GREENSBURG. blood-suckers in those mountains; which accounts foV their insolence. I trust their time is short: nothing would induce me to travel such a dangerous road again. Thus people run the risk of their lives in travelling through this* den of robbers. There is a regular chain of them from the summit of the Allegheny to Pittsburg; and how much farther I know nor. Had this man, or any man of them on the road, been .any thing but a beastly savage, he would have testified some regret that the ro[)bery hap- pened in his line. But he had not one trace of the human species in him. I would just as soon take my chance of sleeping in a forest infested with f)anthers and tigers, as to sleep under the roof of sucli a thoiougii going ruffian. 1 had paid my money, and patronized his line; what good reason could he give for treating me with so much inso- lence.'' Had 1 not suffered enough in his line.'' Had I been a man, it would have been bad enough, and what none but a robber would have been guilty of. But, con- sidering my age and sex, it was certainly unequalled by anything excepting the missionary afl'air at Burlington. Now, there are no better people in the world than the people of this borough, excepting this fellow. It i* hoped he may, and doubtless will be shunned, by all, but his own sort, of which, there aie enough to go sharers with him in his unprincipled and foul actions. The more I reflect upon the conduct of this man, the more I am as- tonished that I escaped out of his house with the life, which nothing but his cowardice prevented him from taking. ' ' When I returned to Col. Rhorer's, I had the pleasure of finding Gen. Wise. The General, one of the best of men, as well as Mr. Drum, formed a pleasing contrast to the stage man, whose name, if I recollect, was Hoback. The General is a low heavy-made man, of middle age, dark complexion, with a pair of the finest black eyes in the world, and his heart was equal to his countenance, which was open, gay, and friendly. His manners were plain, and like those of all the Pennsylvania gentlemen, warm and sincere. His engagements, however, called GEEENSBUUG. 29 him away, in the course of half an hour, and 1 saw him no more* I had also the pleasure of meeting with the gentleman who accompanied me from Carlisle to Chambersburg; whose polite attention is mentioned in the first volume of this tour. His name was Underwood, and a brother, per- haps, of the editor who lives at Carlisle. How necessary it is for those whose aim is to instruct, or even amuse, to lay aside prejudice. Had I judged of Mr. Underwood by his countenance, I should have sup- posed he was a blue-stocking, as the Presbyterians are called in Pennsylvania; and 1 am not sure he is not. But I judge of all by the same standard, and found Mr. U. from first to last, a gentleman; of course he called on me as soon as he heard I had arrived. Mr. U. is the she- riff' of Westmoreland co. and well spoken of, which I was {)roud to hear, being attached to the man. He is a young ooking, intelligent man; tall and thin-visaged, with rath- er an engaging countenance. Besides Mr. Underwood, and those gentlemen already noticed. Rev. Page, Hon. Judge Young, Hon. R. Coulter, Frederick A. Wise, Esq. (you see they are mostly wise people in ray old county,) Mr. Jack, Messrs. Wills and Summerville, the latter prin- cipals of different seminaries, waited upon me in the course of the day. Rev. Page is a very tall, spare man; like myself, neither learned nor polished — none the worse for that. He is an honest, blunt, good-looking parson; and, though an Episcopalian, I believe he has nothing to do with tracts; and, from his gaunt looks, I would sup- pose, as a pastor, he handled very little cash, w^hich seems to be the main spring of the modern clergy; and, doubtless, he deserves it. Hon. Judge Young is a foreigner — a Scotch gentleman, I think. He is advanced in years, and quite an affable man. He, doubtless, has a larger salary than the parson, which is an evidence oi the good sense of the people of Greensburg; who, like n\yself, have no idea of" a religion, or a God, who needs money. The judge has a free, open *We met aflervrards at Harrisburg. 2* 30 GREENSBUUG. countenance, and a fair, oval face. Next ought to have been my friend, Hon. R. Coulter; but he is mentioned in the third volume of the Black Book. He is one of the most fascinating men in Pennsylvania, and eminent in his profession, which is that of a lawyer. Frederick A. Wise, Esq. is also amongst the wise men of Greensburg, and one of my favorites, an editor. He is a brother of General and Colonel Wise; (ought to have dubbed him Major.) Editor Wise is a fine, noble-look- ing man, who, had he been properly encouraged at an ear- ly day, and received a few of those advantages, thrown away upon worthless, ungraceful youths, he would be- yond doubt, have slione in any line he might have struck out for his advancement. Mr. W. has a keen, sensible face, large fine hazlc eye, and high, retreating forehead; he is unaffected, kind, and generous, and a very indepen- dent editor. Mucli to the honor of my old sylvan county, tracts and missionaries are unsupported here, if we except Mr. Alexander, and the stage man. Apropos; Mr. A. is one of the oldest lawyers in the j)lace, and has become amaz- ingly wealthy. He does not condescend to live exactly in the borough; but has perched himself niion one of those delightful situations in sight of it. Here he amu- ses himself in improving his terrestrial paradise, upon which he spares neither cost nor pains; and I was only sorry tliat he had neither taste nor desert, in proportion t6 the blessing. He fulfils, at once every thing under- stood by the word purse proud.* Having exchanged a kw notes with him, some years back, 1 had a wish to see him, and acknowledge my ob- ligations, without dreaming I had had the honor of cor- responding with a nabob. 1 addressed him a noie, saying, I would be happy to see him at Col. Rhorer's. He replied to the note quite in the style of a gentleman, and caiiud on me the same day of my arrival. But never was I more disappointed: a *If we had no other evidence, the success of ifjnorant or learned lawyers in gulling the peopie, demonstrates clearly that one porliun of mankind is determined to be slaves to the other portion. GUEENSllURG. 3t great, surly, boorish looking man, as rough as a bear. Finding 1 offered him no fee, which, doubtless, brought him, he transplanted himsielf off, giving me a tremendous frown. Now, all this making fish of one and flesh of anoiher, by the people, is something like the Quaker'u dog:— nothing but folly — and the greater any absurdity, the more greedily the people will swe^low it. Any thing like common sense, or common every-day occurrences, will never do for the people. If, therefore, you were to tell one of the people that if he were so siiiy as to throw his money away in courts, therevvore Messrs. A. and B. andC.&c^ very amiable m(Mi,e(jnai!y, it' not much belter lawyers; men of address, who ivouid treat them like human beings, and would give them a thousand times more satisfiiclion. This would not [)iease tlie people: they must have a master, who will' treat them like slaves. The repelling countenance of this man would be enough for me — a great, rough, gram-looking monster, who car- ries otf the cash, while others, of pleasing manners, and equal, if not superior, in legal knowledge, are left in the back-ground. I merely conjecture this from hiS great wealth. Mr. Wills, a very amiable man, is the principal of aii academy. The academy ofGreensburg is situated upoft a lofty eminence, and overlooks the country lor miles. There were but sixteen pupils when I called; but many, attached to the academy, were absent. Tiie pupils con- sisted of boys and girls. The boys leai n Latin and Greek, and the young ladies — grammar, geograp!>y. and history. I examined several of the latter, and found iheni perfect in their various .«tudies. But, handsoejer children I ne- ver saw. The beauty of these upland people is surpass* ing, and their modest behavior leflecls ihe highest honor' upon their teachers. Mr. Wills is a young, thin,>ovaI-vi- eaged man, light figure, and rather fair. His manners are genteel and graceful, and he appears in every respect very well qualified as a teacher. The view from this academy takes in prospects of p&- culiar beauty, the most gratifying my eyes beheld from the day I left this charming country till I returned! Perhaps S^ GREENSBUR6. fancy and feeling might, frond the associttions of my childhood, have swelled its beauties beyond reality; but it was a sweet delusion, if delusion it might, be called. The day was mild and serene: not a breeze disturbed the silken branches of the tall, slender trees, perfectly familiar to me; — the straight fence, the green wheat, the undulating surface, 3nd the vast. extent of the prospect edged by the Chesnut ridge, all, smiling in nature's charms^ seemed to welcome me to its peaceful region with the ar- dor of an old friend. I was completely entranced with delight, as I retraced my steps from the building. Upon gaining the corner house of the first street, I waa itruck by the appearance of an interesting female, who was leaning over a high portico, viewing me with deep attention. She had a very alluring countenance, and with- al, her face was quite familiar. I saw she was anxious to become acquainted, and saluted her under pretence of inquirinu: for the other schools, adding I was a traveller, and wishing to witness the improvements of the place, I had just paid a visit to the Greensburg academy. She returned the salute with great atiability, and said, "This must be Mrs. Royall?" "You are right, madam," Ire- plied; supposing she had nterely heard of my visit to the borough. "I heard my brother speak of you, Mrs. R. and from his description of you, I longed to see you." "And who may your brother be?" "Mr. Williams, of Somerset." I instantly discovered a likeness of Mr. Williams in her features, and a like resemblance of expression and good feeling. I should have been hap- py to have spent an hour or so in her company, but time pressed me from her. She pointed out, however, the other school, which stood in a hollow at some distance; and taking leave, I pursued my way to the building. It was a low, one-story log house, though extensive in di- mensions. The building stood in tlie commons, and from the exterior, I expected to see an ignorant, old field gchool-master, and a rabble race of awkward children. But imagine my surprize, upon being saluted at the door by a tall, gentlemanlike man, who very courteously invi- i ted me in aud to take a seat. If I was surprised at the ^^ GRKENSBUUG. 3^ appearance p( the man, 1 was still more at his mannew and conversation, as well as the modesty and intelligence of the pupils. I was astonished at the disappointment, though from the distance and looks of the building, 1 had nearly passed it by, and would certainly have done so, had it not been ibr the deep interest 1 took in every thing attached to this deUghtful region. The name of the gentleman was Robert Summerville, a native -of Eng- land, whose ardor for liberty brought him to our shoies. Mr. S. is a gentleman of learning, taste, and talents, and an enthusiastic admirer of our country and our law8. His conversation pioved him to be a man of tine taste, and his writin^rs, (which are known only to a few of his., friends,) breathes a spirit of independence, liberality and love to mankind, unfell and unappreciated by our country- men. He is a gentleman of great energy and warmth of heart, and his whole soul seems bent upon the improve- uaent of his species,* and is now struggling with prejudice, •| never saw any of tho English, with tl»° exception of the traveller Bradford, till 1 vi-iled the Allanlic country. We of the We:.l have a strong aversion to tlie English, whii^h is natural e.".OU'^h, ^rosr. Ihe'r hiring the Indians to nuii'dei' our woiiien anl children. 'From this cause we are very ip.velerale against Ihcm; and never was 1 more as- tonished al Iho atfabiiity, chaiily, and friendly manners of the first English people, wlien 1 first came to see them. tt has been seen that I entered Nciv Haven, Conn, a stranger, friend- , less and pennyless. At that lime there were several Eogush families boarding at the house of Mrs Widow Bishop, the lady who took UJB 80 kindly into her house. I was so destitute of means, liowever, that • I was unable to purchase a dress, sufficiently decent, to appear m company; and an amiable young lady tif Massachusetts, pierced witti my situation, went round to the females of the place, who were not ignorant of my claims on my country, arid if 1 am correct, the amount «he procured, was jj 1.75, and the most of this was presentL-d by one man. But by some means, the En-jlish ladius ant gentlemen wer« apprised of the miller, and some thre.v in a dollar, an 1 some fifty cents, till the su n am Bunted to tlie price of a decent dress. All this was done in the most delicate manner, while they blushed for tho poor, cold, ungrateful — yes, 1 say Americans are. mi'j;raleful, let them praise themselves as much as they will; and (nniess it be a certain class) unfeeling. The persons who thus put our boasted country to the blush were Mr. Jones and lady, Mr. Allen and lady, Mr. Harris »nd lady — all of Barbadoes, and two English otfi'.ers, of Trinidad, who, though at a great distance from home, and upon half pay. con- tributed cheerfully. What inusl these people think of our boastiD|{> *4 GREENSBUKO bigotry, ignorance and fortune! Here is a lamentable ev- idence of the great rock, upon which all nations, and we, of course, are to be wrecked. — I'alk of being a great na- tion! What is to make us great? The only road to greatness is knowledge, which seems to be left to shift for itself. Instead of spreading the gospel, (as if wicked men had any gospel,) we were to spread knowledge, the only wise use to w-liich monf-y can be put, this enlightened foreigner Would not be suffered to stop in a rude building.- But the building is very well— 1 always am pained at the sight of a fine house. But I was going to say, one would expect that this man would have been placed at the head of some Seminary, instead of teaching children their «, b, ab's. The school was very full, and Mr. S. teaches upon an improved plan, and seems to interest himself deeply in tlie success of the pupil. His sacrifices must have been great to tasto the privileges of our enlightened country — I mean the drudgery of teaching our backwoods children. Perhaps lie might have been worse employed. Here I found the hoy who travelled with me The children had the same. modest appearance and fine features of the Others. The small children were much attached to Mr. S. — the best evidence of his knowledge of^iuman nature. Mr. S. is a young man, stout and well formed. His com- plexion is dark, face manly, and countenance \ ery prepos- when one of their officer's widows was relieved before their eyes, and by the men of that country, against whom h« fought. Had I been a man, doubtless, the godly women would have furnished me with evtry ■ thing I mi^ht fiave wanted. I lament to hear Col. Jones is no more. He died at Col. Dummets, in Florida Also, thu death of Mrs. Harris, who died at Brooklyn, N. Y. The rest have, as I understand, returned to the Islands, where, , they are snid to be wealthy. May they be happy wherever they go. Their kindness to me is engraven on my heart. I live in the fond hope that we may one day meet aga'n. I have, since this, met with •everal worthy English. I never was more attached to any people: — these foreigners have a nobleness of soul, and warmth of heart, UD- common to Americans. But this can only be said of the better sort, as the lower class of English are very mean, proud and haughty; mora «o than any other uation. It must befrom these last we descended. GllEENSBURO. 3j| Ressing. He was much astonished at my courage and in- dependence in attacking the religious hornets — " I never heard of such a thing! it is most astonishing, really! it i» without a parallel! You deserve eternal honor, Madam, and doubtless your country will reward you!" As for that, 1 find my reward in the action. Mr. Summerville was the. first person that ever informeii me of Pestalozzi, of Berne, and his wonderful manner of leaching youth. I have since had the pleasure of seeing Mr. J\'eef, who teaches at Steubenville upon the Pestalozzian plan, which I shall speak of in this volume. But, to go on. Mr. S., as well as all people of educa- tion, perfectly coincided with me about the tracts and Sunday schools; and he had written several pieces on' the subject of improving our situation, and ridding priest- craft out of the country; which, as he wisely observed, had obtained a greater height, lor the lime, th.an under the old religion of the pope. On Monday evening my pailor was quite a levee almost every one flocked' in. The Hon Mr. Coulter 1 had met with in the day— he was much better. But Mr. Jack was doubly welcome, for his brother's sake. I almost dreaded to see Mr. Jack, lest he might not be as good as his brother; but, if any difference, 1 should say he was the best of the two. Pie was consi- derably taller than William Jack, and must have been neaij^ly" six and a half feet high, and one of the hiiest look- ing men in the world. There are several of these bro- thers which, as I observed before, are ncphens of Capt. Jack, whom I used to know when a child. The Captain is still living, but at some distance from Greensburgh; of course, I did not see him, nor did I see the child, now a man,vviiom he threw in the hemp-field when pmsued by the Indians. I saw none of the brothers but the one whc c ailed oa me, to whom I had a letter from his brother William. 1 have heard that William has since gone to Europe for his health. These Jacks are all bachelors, a; ti are men of great wealth. Their father owned the la:.d where Greensburg now stands, and they still own a large quaa* tity of the finest land in Westmoreland. 86 GREENSByUG. 1 was forced to part with Mr. Barkley, his business calling him away early on the second day of my arrival. My best wishes went with him* He is quite a yoQng, interesting man, genteel, kind, and generous. Thus was I received and entertained, free of all cost, in the country of my childliood — Col. Rohrer refusing all compensation fof my board during my visit. It may be supposed, (notwi!liKtandif»g the loss of my baggage,) from ttie kindness and polite attention of the citizens, ex- cept as before excepted, I never was more pleased or more at home. There were several boarders at Col. Rohrer's, but he was the flower of the flock, and the only person, with ladies of llie family, worth naming about his house. The Col. is one of tiie most generous, warm-liearted men living, and his house is large, n«at, safe built, and commodious, and I would recommend ev- ery traveller to stop at his house instead of the stage- house, which is only a resort of pick-pockets, where no person is secure either in their person or property. This man having amassed a great fortune by the- road, and transporting the. m;iil, has become insolent and disoblig- ing; and never was calculated to keep a jiublic house for any thing but wagoners, and not fit to wait on tliem. He was not disposed to give either me or my friends the least sati faction on the subject of my loss. 1 trust, there- fore, the generous traveller will transfer his patronage to my friend, whom I can confidently recommeiid. HISTORY. Greensburg was settled by the Messrs. Jacks and the family of Mrs. Rohrer, who biought the Colonel a consi- derable fortune in land, which is greatly increased in value. I was very anxious to visit the place where Hannahs- towMi once stood, which was only three miles distant; but the road was said to be bad — unfit for a carriage, and I was afraid to venture on horse-back, not having been on horse-hack for, several years. It grieved me to the.' * We met again at Pittsburg. GREEN SBUUG. 37 heart that I was compelled to sacrifice the pleasure of seeing a place where I first learned the nature of care; but my happiness at once mqre beholding Westmoreland, which I had never expected to see on this side the grave, -was certainly as complete and ample as any human be- ing ought to covet. No language can convey the thrill- ing pleasure I felt at once more ,,beholding these sylvan regions, unmatched in beauty by any other forest. The only thing I was not pleased with was its opulence and improvements. On the third day I took my departure for Pittsburgh, without hearing of my baggage. I had intended to awail the result of my letter to Messrs. Johnston and Stockton; but as, in my opinion, they had had time enough, I thought it prudent to proceed, particularly as I was in want of clothes. My friend Drum settled all that was to be done between me and the stage-man, as I was deter- mined never to approach the ruffian again. Wish the missionaries would convert him. Whilst waiting for the stage, I stepped into the parlor, and Mr. D. very polite- ly,,as I had not taken my coffee, had some made in- stantly. Whilst this was preparing I was struck by the ap- pearance of Mr. Drum's children — the finest children I had seen in the country. There were, I think, seven, and some nearly grown. Upon making some remarks as to what he intended to do with a fine looking youth, whom I found in the parlor, poor Mr. D. shook his head, "Ah, Mrs. R., they must trust to Providence, I have not one cent to give them — by endorsing for a friend I have lost the fruits of many years labor, and am not worth a dollar." A sigh was all I had to bestow upon this amia- ble man — one of the best of his species. Thus virtue is oppressed and vice prospers! — See how much the nais- iiionaries have begged. At length the stage came to the door, and with one man and woman only I set out for Pittsburg, which i« thirty-one miles from Greensburg. 4_Vol. II. 38 JOURNEY TO PITTSBUUG. The day was fine, and the country beautiful; and my pleasure may easily be imagined. After gaining the west side of the mountains the land is broken off into rounding swells of exquisite beauty, with a deep soil, covered with sugar-tree, walnut, beech, hickory, and locust — the tops of the trees in the hol- lows being even with the summit of the hills. 'The wind- ing streams — the neat bridges, intermingled with facto- ries and fertile meadows — the sportive colt — the massy barns, enlivsned the prospect the whole way.* On the top of every hill we have a grand prospect of the country for many miles, all uniformly rich, and the sugar-tree growing upon the summit of the hills as thick as hemp- stocks. It is impossible to describe the stateliness and exquisite symetry of these trees — so tall, so straight and slender; and yet the inhabitants, from never having seen any other, do not seem to appreciate the beauty and wealth of their country. Every now and then the rolling volumes of smoke proclaimed a dwelling at hand. Here we have brick instead of stone houses — very few stone houses appear west of the mountains — also, white headed children and handsome young women. These always come to the door to peep at the passengers. But, to their great dis- appointment, there was but one rather shabby beau in the coach, and advanced in years, and, very probably a mar- ried man. The woollen frocks, red and blue stripes, seems to be the national dress of the females from Bedford to Pitts- burg. But the flush of the cheek, bright and lively eye, the glossy hair, fair complexion, and steady, innocent countenance threw the costume far in the shade. We had not proceeded more than half a dozen mile* from Greensburg when a poor old man met us in the road, and ticking his old hat from his head, held it out for charity, without speaking a word. The cruel driver was passing him rapidly, when I called to him to stopj •You scarcely go a mile in Pennsylvania but you see a Preacher — aa signboards are called. They point out the road, but never travel it. JOUUNEY TO PITTSBURG. 3<9 and had to speak very sharp to him before 1 could pre- ▼ail. I threw a trifle into the hat, and my fellow-tra- veller, much to his honor, did the same, though his purse, like my own, was light. The beggar was the most piti- able looking object I ever saw, doubtless the victim of drink. He looked as if he had been half roasted, and tottered as he walked along, his limbs being scarce able to carry him. He muttered something upon receiving the bounty, and would no doubt spend it at the first ta- vern he came to, though he had more need of meat than drink. At the last stage, on this side of Pittsburg, where we changed drivers, horses and coaches, another of the line of robbers lives. I forgot my gloves in the coach, which Were a present from Miss Keime, of Reading; and, upon getting info the fresh coach, I left them on the seat of the other stage-coach, but the landlord denied they were there! I was much hurt to part with the gloves, for the Bake of the donor. They would have proved a great friend eventually, had the robber not stripped me of them — the last thing that was left me. Not contented with this act of cruelty, the ruffian had the insolence to walk some distance to the stage I was sitting in, and f bringing an old book in his hand, opened the door of the carriage and said, "Here is a book some gentlemen left here, is it your's ?" He seemed well acquainted with the gentlemen, as he called them, and was no doubt in the secret of the robbery. Thus, a regular line of robbers, as well as stages, is formed from the top of the Alleghe- ny to Pittsburg; and this line I see has recently been advertised as one of the best in the Union. It must have mended its manners greatly since I travelled in it. Towards evening we came in sight of the Mononga- hela, on our left: the appearance added to the multiform picture which now presented itself to the astonished eye? It is in vain to attempt a description of the stranger's feelings upon a first view of the scenery. Fields encir- cled by hills, and hills encircled by fields; the multitude of teams laden with iron for the Pittsburg forges; the Ta»t black coal-wagons; the jolly drivers and work-bands, 40 PITTS3UKG. as black as Satan himself; the amazing thron<> and bustlCy which completely block up the road; the broad, spark- ling Mohongahela, seen at a distance of four miles, is only a foretaste of the Birmingham of America We soon however, lose sight of Monongahela, and the Allegheny meets your eye to the right, and the throng and bustle continue to increase till we arrived in the city. It grew dark some time before we reached the suburbs, which from the volumes ofsmoke, fires, and thundering of steam-factories, 1 took for the city itself; ^ve pass through this uproar of machinery upwards of two miles before we reach Pittsburg. The blood-tinged blaze, intermingled with volumes of smoke, rushing ouiwards and upwards, crossways and oblique ; it was equal to an exhibition of fire-works. The Arsenal of the United States, lies about two miles above Pittsburg on the Alleghany river, here the man who travelled with me got out of the stage and proceeded to the arsenal \yhere he it appears was engaged as a gun- smith. The woman wlio lived in Ohio, went on to Pitts- ,'burg, where I arrived the 4th of December, 1828, having lost every thing but the clothes on my back and the reticule in my bosom, where 1 placed it lor safety. From the tim.e 1 left Philadelphia, 14th October, one month and 20 days, I had travelled — miles. Tlie only time reckoned as lost was one day perhaps at Greensburg where I spent three days. The public will theiefore see by my travels bow this time w'as filled up. 1 ought to have ^men- tioned that my friend Col. Rhorer came to Pittsburg the same day as commandant of a guard, wMjo conveyed a prisoner from Greensburg to the State prison in Pitts- burg. They did not however permit me the honor of travelling in company. The CoL called on me however sundry. times while he remained in the city, and I parted with him finally with great regret. It may be supposed I felt a little anxiety upon drawing near the stage house, (the worst liouse but one I ever set foot in;) I longed to hear, but was afraid to ask, about the baggage which I faintly hoped must be in Pittsburgj but as this is a great town, to say nothing of the great PiTTifiObO. 41 ttvern and great stage line — I must be more circumspect Every one knows that at taverns or stage-offices, (which ire mostly the same thing,) there is a small share of at- tention of some sort or another paid to the arrivals and departure of the stages. Either the landlord himself, his barkeeper, his farther, his son, his ostler, his cook, or his shoe-black, and I have once in my life seen a chamber- maid come to the door after dark with a candle in her hand to aid people — woman, an aged woman particulary, in dismounting from the stage, but no one appeared with a light at this place. 1 requested the driver to go and tell the landlord to come and help me out, he being one of the corps aforesaid, said it was none of his business, and madehimselfeasy; meantime, an old shabby man so drunk that he could scarcely stand brought the steps, (which are kept at stage houses for the purpose,) and placing them against the coach called to us to descend; not having re- covered from my lameness, and without a light I was by no means willing to trust myself with Ton? Toper, and told him to go and request the landlord or bar-keeper to come and bring a candle — not even a lamp at the door! He staggered into the house, and after staying some lime, he returned. I asked him " If any one was coming with a candle," "0 do you want a candle?" said he. To be briet, he appeard to be a stranger, and did not know the bar- keeper from Adam. His highness the driver, who had amused himself in exchanging salutations with his brother ruffians, began to be impatient, and we had to I'isk our necks at last by dismounting as well as we could.. The old drunkard was the politest man I found at last, and offered me his hand. "Get away you old drunkard," said I, " do you think I would let you touch me." "Not so drunk as you think," he replied with much spirit. The lady and myself", rendered r.ach other all the assistance we could, and descended saie, and bid adieu to the line for ever 1 hope. As we stept in at the door we were met by a finished-up, shrivel faced, grey headed animal, more like a babboon than a man, he had a candle in his hand, and thought he came to conduct us in — not he, he only came to receive the way-bill, to ascertain how much *4 42 PlTTSBUliG. money was due for our fare. This was the stage-agent who.kept his office in the house. But as for landlord of barkeeper, saw none. Some of the people who put up at the place, had the politeness to show us into a small dirty over-heated parlor, wheie Tom, Dick, and Harry, were enjoying then)selves at their ease, about two thirds drunk^, a servant coming in, I request supper, and to be shfnvn in- to a private parlor, it being customary at all taverns that eV'fcr I was in before to keep a separate parlor for females; the servant replied only by a grin. Meantime the windows being without shutters or curtains; the rabble from the supper table would slop at them, and gaze at us, and one of the fellows in the room who was very drunk, and who said he had seen me at such a place, was veiy trouble- some. I prevailed with him however to go and hunt up the barkeeper and say, "We wanted supper and a cham- ber as quick possible." He sat off with great cheerfulness, and returning said, "Tea would soon be ready ;:"" but will the bar-keeper conie," "he would be in, in a mo- ment." All this while he had never seen the bar keeper, and doubtless, did not know such a man. After waiting events, patiently some time, a negro came in. I spoke very sharp to the servant, and asked if I was to have sup- per or not, he grined and went off. Shortly after this the bar-keeper, (as I found afterwards) cajme in, and I re- quested to be accommodated as quick as possible, or he must show me to another house. He was an awkward young man, but the best in the main about the house. After sitting in the parlor till I was ready to drop, and gazed at by every boatman in the vicinity, I was called to tea in the common dinmg room — no such thing, the servants apprised me, as setting private tables in Pittsburg; my heart began to ache your sure, but if any one I thought, could put up with such privations I could, and set dowo contentedly. But you all wish to know about the baggage — then there was no baggage of mine in Pittsburg so far as I was able to learn; the landlord who came to see me at the supper-table, went to the bar-keeper, and returning, brought the ill news that no baggage of mine had arrived PITTSBURG. 43 I then repeated to him the circumstance, and that I should look to the proprietors of the line to make good the loss He neither appeared alarmed or the conaary, and very politely, accompanied me to the hook-store ot Messers Jonstonand Stockton; 1 had heard from the driver who drove down, whom we melon the road, that no extra baggage had arrived at the stage-office; hut having par- ticularly described the trunks, and the passengeis in the stage, in my letter to those gentlemen, I thought, per- haps, ihey might have gained some information on the subject; a!>d, fatigued as I was, I called upon ihem be- fore I retired to my chamber. But they had teen the one-eyed man, and in'errogated him respecting it. Ai well as I lecollect, his answer was, that he knew nothing about the matter. This was sufficient. lo convict jiim, a» he certainly did know every thing about it. I heard, moreover, that tiie Teagues were still in the city. But my chief dependence was upon Col. Lindsfcy; and know- ing the line, when they found it a serious matter, would exert themselves, I made myself quite easy, but deter- mined to arrest oneeye in the morning, and hold the line to it besides. Willi these impressions I .retired to mj chamber, which having two beds in it, I invited the old lady, who seemed fcarfui of sleeping by herself,' to come bto my chamber and take one of the beds. %'■ She was unaccustomed to travelling, and observing she had not taken tea when I did, I thought, perhaps, she was scarce of money, and gave the chamber maid a trifle to give hei' a cup of tea and some bread and butter. She had comphiiiied of a iiead ache, and being a widow, and destitute, ! h It for her. I sat up till she should have finished the tta, (she being in bed,) to lock the door after the maid, she waiting till the lady should have done. Whilst I was sitting at the table, deliberately reading a newspaper, the lady sipping her tea, which was placed in a chair by her bed-side, some one knocked at the door: the maid opened it, aftd in pops a great negro with a load of something, which he took from his head, and setting it down in the middle of the room, said " TrunksU we these your trunks, madam." " Yes, those are nay 44 PITTSBtlKG. tranks, where did you find them?" " They came in ihif evening's mail-stage!" Which was not impossible^ at the mail-stage did come in after we arrived. This was quick work: "But where have they been all this time?" He could not tell; nor have I heard from that day to this who had them in possession, or where they came from; and had I made a great stir I should, probably, never have seen them again; but the perfect indifference I testified at the loss no doubt alarmed the firoprietors of the line, as it proved I considered them iable. I have my doubts however, as to the fact of their com- ing that evening, from a similar occurrance, which 1 shall mention after a while. Now, these trunks had been carried away five days since, where had they been? why did they not arrive in the mail stage or any stage before? I had enquired at every Btage-office on the way, they must have been known to be mine from my name, which was on the way-bill; and it is not probable the drivers, honestly disposed, would leave trunks of their appearance at any howse but a stage- office. But let them have been, in whose possession they may, every one who had a hand in the business beyond doubt ouglit, and would have been sent to the state pri- son, had they been prosecuted; and it was not only one man or one stage office, but the whole line from the top of the Alleghany to Pittsburg, was guilty in as much as they, seeing a woman's name on the trunks, and the s^me m the way-bill, and no wom'an in the stage! If these rob- bers were not combined, why did they not stop the bag- gage and make the drivers give an account of themselves? how did they know, and what right had they to suppose any thing than that 1 was murdered, and there is little doubt but I would have been murdered, had I not quit the Stage, as the driver and passengers could have no other motive in attempting to keep me in the stage by force. Had the proprietors been innoceKt,they would have come forward as gentlemen (which they are not,) and apologis- ed, and given up the principals of this daring outrage. I should have spared them and exposed the guilty. Thig PITTS Bunq. 45, iras their only, alternative; but they did not, and from their profound secrecy all around, 1 have little hesitation in saying, the line is a party in these illegal and danger- ous violation of" the laws, as I shall make appear more plain before 1 have- done; and in this line, the mail is car- ried, as I am informed, for I did not see it; and in this line numbers of innocent people travel at the hazard of life and propcrt}'. Are such people fit subjects lor pub- lic patronage? Are these men fit subjects for the palioiiage of the general government? The proprietor, v\*-ho live* in Pittsburg, at the same house where I put up, i under- •tood, was highly displeased at the circumstance, but he never showed his face to me; if he had been a man, why did he not come' forward and apologise, it is the le^st he could have done for such an outrage after rat advantage IS gained by concealing the advantages or disadvantages - any town or community: give them all they are enti- 5— Vol. II. ■ ^ 50 , PITTSBURG. tied to, and fairly outstrip them if you can. It ought ra- ther to inspire us with emulation than envy, to hear of the temporal blessings of our neighbors. We are all one fa- mily; and the advantage of one is the advantage of the whole. Success to all our towns, I say — east and west, north and south; and that they may all become great and happy, is my fondest wish; barring the missionaries — the greatest curse we have in our land. I say, destruction to them; as nothing but ignoiance and poverty follow them. Of all states in the Union, Pennsylvania certainly com- bines more resources of wealth, case and comfort, na- ture having enriched her with a bountiful hand. The whole slate abounds with coal, iron^ grain, and even su- gar, and that curse of all our blessings, whiskey, within itself I have seen nothing but coal, since 1 have been ia the stale: but the coal, west of the Allegheny, is by far tlie best. Dig any where, and yeu find coal, which is conveyed to tiie people's houses, for a few cents, off of their own farms. Iron and salt abound in west Pennsyl- vania, and their lands produce in abundance. The whole state, from one end to the oliier, excepting the moun- tahis, is rich, and lies well, and not a bad managed farm in the whole. But Pittsburg enjoys still more of the bounties of nature. In the midst of endless beds of coal, iron and salt, at its doors, and the trade of three fme riv- ers, to say nothing of its industry and sk'ill in the appli-- cation of its mechanical and physical powers. The reader will perceive I am almost deterred from taking Pittsburg in hand; and I must say I dread it more than any subject I ever took up. I was thirteen days ob my feet taking notes, viewing and admiring the work- shops, from early in the monring till dark, and often long after; and from the mud on the pavements, occasioned by the bursting of the pipes (which happened at thai time) to convey water over the city, the smoke and black from the coal, and fumes of the furnaces,- I had a most far tiguing tour of it. it was infinitely greater than my tour through the whole state; and such was my ardor to com- plete if, that i never stopped to dine but once! The task was certainly too great for a female, particularly one of PITTSBURG. 51 «fiy years; and being quite lame at the time, I was scarce- ly able to crawl home at night. My weariness was sucji, that I was unable to sleep or take sufficient refreshment; but, I determined not to look back. The best description I have met with, of Pittsburg, is a small work by S. Jones, Esq. called a "Directory of the City, and a view of its various manufactories, popula- tion, &c." This little work is certainly the most accu- rate I have seen; though it has been written two years ago, and of course there are many improvements, and manufactories built since. But of all the bungling, in- correct, and insignificant accounts of Pittsburg, that giv- en by the Duke of Saxe Weimer is the most so. He em- braces the whole of it in a very few words, and there is scarcely a word of truth in any thing he says: he misap- plies names, misplaces objects, and makes some of the most unpardonable misrepresentations ever published. He merely rode out in his carriage, to one of the manu- factories, it is said, which he says belongs to one njan, while it belongs to another; and took the balance by word of mouth from some blockhead, doubtless. The people of Pittsburg were greatly mortified when his book came out; and well they might. GEOGRAPHY OF THE CITY. Pittsburg is entireljr concealed by hills, approaching it from any point, excepting the Ohio river. As we drove down the Allegheny river, we were closely hemmed in by a vast hill, on our left. This hill makes a sudden stop, as you draw near the city, and runs across in a steep, perpendicular precipice, to the Monongahela, forming a perfect wall in its rear, seventy feet high. This hill takes different names in its progress: that part opposite the point, or the great body of the city, is called Grant's hill; so named from Col. Grant, who was defeated on its summit by the French and Indi- ans in 1758. That part of it on Monongahela, is called Boyd's hill, from one Boyd, who hung himself there. That part, extending to Allegheny river, is also distin- -t-^ PITTSUUllC. ^uislicd by the name of Quarry liill, 440 feet Ligij. Over each river there are also seen vast hills, so that vou are in the cily, before you can see it. Its situation is mutth lower than I e.xj)ected to find it; more level,. md the hills much higher. The city runs up upon the bank.s of both rivers, beyond its limits in ihr centre; much farther up the Allegheny, liowever, than ihe Monongahcla; and the point gives it the figure of a trian- gle. It is about one mile on one river — one and ihrec- tourths on the other. The whole of the city sits on an even plain, from thir- ty to forty feet above low water mark; higher, however, upon the Allegheny side. On the opposite side of the Mlegheny river, is a steep hiil, called Hogback hill. On the opposite shore of" Monongahela, is another steep, called Coal hill: In this hill, nearly opposite the city, a fire has been burning for many years, which is visible by the smoke; the coal having caught fire, by what means is unknown to any ol the present race. But It is generally supposed to have caught from the care- lessness of the miners. Several attempts have been made to extinguish this fire by stopping the holes and lissares on the surface; but all in- vain; it still contiiiuec to burn, and is daily incrrasing. Serious consequences are apprehendetl from it in course of lime. There is an- .;her eminence called Casfleman's Flill. Coal Hill is 465 feet high, and very rugged. The lieight of Hoe;hack hill is unknown: it is a barren emi- nence of an unsiglitl\ appearance. "In all these elevations, coal is found in immense quao- iitics — except in Grant's, Boyd's, and Hogback hills; their altitude not being sufficient to bring tiiem within the range of the great strata of that mineral which pervades this region. ''The scenery around Pittsburg is very beautiful,'' I am told, in summer, "and when viewed from some point"?, present:; the most inif-resting associations of nature and art. The view from Castleman's hill, is not surpassed in any country — earth, air, lock, wood, water, town and -ky. break upon the vision in torms the most picturesque flTTSB iRG. 53 and delightful. Coal hill, immediately above the burning pits, is another point of interesting observation, where the eye, at a single glance, takes in a hundred beauties, whicli might vie with the purest and brightest of the oth- er hemisphere. "Pittsburg has several suburban villages, that contrib- ute to,, and are supplied from the great centre, with which their strength and prosperity are intimately con- nected. "On, or nearly adjoing the north-eastern boundary of the city, and on the flat between Quarry hill and the Al- legheny river, the Northern Liberties are situated, and are intended as a continuation of Pittsburg. They were laid out in 1816, by Geo. A. Bayard, and James Adams: and are now improving rapidly, and contain the Phoenix Cotton Factory, Juniata Iron Works, &c. "Adjoining the south-eastern boundary of the city, on the Monongahela, stands Kensington, or as it is commonly called, Pipe-town; deriving this name tlirough one of its early settlers, an eccentric little gentleman, still well known among all classes, for his odd humor, and the uni- versality of his mechanical genius, Mr. William Price, who established a pipe manufactory there. Kensington is partly on a steep hill side: the houses which are low, seem to stick to the side of Boyd's hill, by magic. Over the Monongahela, is another considerable village called Birmingham; it is incorporated into a borough, and sits at the base of CoalHill, on tlie bank of the river: and here- the celebrated Birmingham glass is manufactur- ed, il :>"'so contains several steam-mills, and an extensive lock i;:.;ii:. factory. It is well built, and makes a hand- some appearance from Pittsburg. Over the Allegheny river, directly opposite the city, is another very handsome and flourishing town, called Allegheny. The Western Penitentiary is built here; one of the most splendid buildings in the United States; and the site of the town is, by far, one of the most pleasant of any in the vicinity, or even Pittsburg itself. It is un- rivalled in the scenery and soil. There are two superb bridges: one over Monongahela, and one over Allegheny, 5* ■4 PITTSBITRG. 01 the first architecture, and are the finest ornaments be- longing to Piltsburg; cost, nearly one million dollars eack. , Two miles above Pittsburg, is the village of Laurence, the seat of the United States arsenal, on the Allegheny. As to the soil . beyond the hills, which surround Pitts- burg, I am unable to say any thing, as I did not extend my views beyond the vicinity. The Allegheny river is 1100 leet wide at Pittsburg, and the Monongahela 1400 feet wide. No language can convey the beautiful appearance of these rivers. I should say the Allegheny was the hand- somest of the two; it is equal in beauty to the Ohio, and just such another river. These rivers, and the Ohio and bridges exclusively, (Constitute one of the handsomest sights, bevond doubt, m the Union: I mean where beauty alone is considered. TOPOGRAPHY. I had heard so much of the steam manufactories, and coal, and smoke, of Pittsburg, that I tried to form some idea of them; but was greatly disappointed: mpre smoke tkan I could have conceived; and the manufactories were far beyond my conception in skill of workmanship, anel amount of capital. But I give the population of all the tdwns, m the first place: Pittsburg City contains Northern Liberties Kensington Birmingham Allegheny Town Miscellany ! lO.GOOinhab.* 711 390 459 702 260 Total, 13061 Of those born in foreigi countries, 3000 or nearly ,t *Increase, since last census, upwards of 3000. jTakeB two years since. PITTSBURG. 55 Pittsburg, at the last enameration, contained — Dwellinf^ houses 1140 Churches 12 Public buildirigij 7 Stores 60 ^ Groceries 146 Well done! iiow they convert the heathen here, with brandy. The missionaries are doing good: they ought to hare a church, at least for every grog-shop. Grive them more money, Banks J Taverns 16 Factories, mills, and shops 440 Ware-houses, &c; 76 This number, however, has greatly increased, and buildings are going up at this time in ail parts of the city. Most of the houses are brick, and some of them are lofty, fine buildings; but all the houses are colored quite black with the smoke: the interior of the houses atp 8till worse carpets, chairs, walls, furniture — all black wuh smoke: rao such thing as wearing white: the ladies moL- ly dress in black; and a cap or white ruff, put on clean in the morning, is tinged quite black by bed- time: the ladies are continually washing their faces. Meantime, the smoke, particularly in tlie absence of the sun, is quite annoying to the eyes of strangers; and every thing has a very gloomy, doleful appearance at first; excepting, always, the interiop of the workshops. But, in a few days, the stranger be- eomes so familiar to it, that the novelty of the thing is completely worn off, and your walks and rambles through the city are pursued with the same pleasure common to others. In all the towns of Pennsylvania, of any size, the pub- lic buildings and offices are built os> squares, in the centre of their towns, or boroughs, as (he. are called. These squares are uniformly called "The Diamond," I had of- ten heard the word, and from haste and inattention never stopped to ask what it meant; and that it tneant the pub- lic square, i:: one of the last things I sTiould take it to ar ply. "You will find such a man on the east, west, &>: h^' i>6 PITTSBURG. the diamond," said my friend, Mr8. Roberts. "And what is the Diamond?" "Where the market-house is. Don't you know where Mr. Baldwin's office is? there is the Diamond." The Diamond is about the centre of the city; is large, tnd contains the market-house in the centre, and the pub- lic buildings, attorney's offices, arid a few oyster cellars. The public buildings are large, and well built of brick: the churches are small, and make no show, excepting one just rebuilt, touched off in great Gothic style: the others will soon follow; as one fool makes many. Can men be suc'h fools as to think that man believes in a God, who gives such proofs of pride and show? How many poor people are there in Pittsburg,. to whom this money, (worse than thrown away,) would have been a salutary relief? and would it not have been more pleasing to God? This may be the religion of pride and wickedness; but, that it is the religion of Jesus Christ, I deny.* These wicked priests always lead me »S'^ Vitus'' dance. The streets of Pittsburg are not regular, running in all directions; most of them, however, angle with the Mo- nongahela: they are paved, but not lighted: the sidewalks »re narrow; and the whole are dirty, and in wet weather, rery muddy, in some parts of the town. The citizens are now engaged in furnishing the city with good vvater, and have sunk a very handsome reser- Toir upon the top of Grant's hill for the purpose. But from some cause, to me unknown, the pipes have mostly bursted, and flood the streets with water, which I lound rather unpleasant. Pittsburg contains thirty-five streets, thirty-seven al- leys, nine courts, and two rows. Most of the houses ar» ■umbered. POLICE. Pittsburg is governed by a Mayor, Recorder, eight Select Councilmen, two presidents, fourteeo Common *How many fine churcbei did our Sariour build? DoiibtleM, h«.had ttttmeani. riTTSBURG. 57 oouncilraen, and twelve Aldermen. Besides the Mayor's Courts, three other Courts hold their sessions in Pitts- burg, riz: The United States' Court for the Western Dis- trict of Pennsylvania, the Supreme Court for tlie West- ern District of Pennsylvania, and Court of Common Pleas. There are in Pittsburg, thirty-two attorneys, and coun- sellors, and sixteen Physicians; and besides the public buildings mentioned, a museum, the Western University, a High School, an Academy, and sundry smaller schools.* The nianners of the people of Pittsburg, as m all oth- er large towns, some are liberal and polite; and others, quite the reverse: the latter, it may be supposed, are the. Bible, tract and Sunday school people, which rather have the ascendency here; of course, education does not flour- ish. The university exists only in name; and cannot be said to be in operation, though it has a long string of pro- fessors. I shall notice the state of society before I hayc done, more particularly. WESTERN UNIVERSITY. The following gentlemen are ihp professors, viz: Rev. R. Bruce, Principal, and Professor of Natupal Philosophy. . R. J. Black, (of church and state memory) Professor of Ancient Languages and Classical Literature. Rev. E P Swift, Professor of Moral Science. Rev. C. B. McGuire, Professor of Modern Languages. Rev. J. H. Hopkins, Professor of Rhetorick and Belles Lettres. If ever this university comes to any thing, under so many Reverences, I am greatly mistaken: and the build- ing, instead of being erec PITTSBUKG. PHYSICIANS. Out.of the 16 physicians, Pittsburg was said to contain, I saw but one,* Dr. Hannen f These gentlemen, there- fore, cannot charge me with neglect, as it was their place to ha e called on me, which is common, and such were my labors, that 1 had not leisure to call on them. On my way to Pittsburg, I met with a very genteel young man at Bedford: he was formerly of Philadelphia, but was then proprietor of a chair manutaclory, East 4th, near Main-street, Cincinnati, Ohio. He gave me the name of Dr. Hannen ofPittsburg: observing I would find the Dr. a gentleman, polite and hospitable, which, much to the credit of bo(:h, I found true; though I was but a minute in the Doctor's company. He is an amiable young inan, and keeps a drug store; the firm is "Hannen & Son, Mar- ket, between 5th and Liberty. Success to him; may he receive the patronage of the good and the generous. THE MAYOR Is deservedly reckoned one of the best men in Pitts- burg, or even in the state. His name is M. M. Murry, a descendent of the royal family of that naeie in Scollanti. He is stoutly made, of middle age, round face, fair, hand- some features, and soft, full blue eye; but his countenance is beyond the power of pen or pencil; and the same of bis manners — so mild, so winning and suasive. "Nature, too, has nobly done her part, Infused into his soul a noble grace, And blushed a modest blood into his face." This gentleman, the soul of hospitality and kindness, like all other good men, seems to have lived for the good ©f mankind -t E J Roberts, Esq. Clerk of U. S. Court, and Clerk of Common Council. *I met with Dr. S. R. , who will be noticed hereafter- 1:1 shall mention his lady under the head of 'Ladies.' PllTSBtiRG. 77 Of this gentleman, I could never say enough. He took me ouf of tlie hands of the Phihstiues, and de- sired me (0 make his house my home. Leading me into his pai'ior, he delivered himself thus: "This is your par- lor, iniiiiam I give it up to you to entertain your friends as I )ng as you choose to remain in Pittsburg." This was god like, and gospel-like, and gentleman-like; and the niv)st noble ins'ance of hospitality I ever met with. Mr. Rohf'rts is likewise an attorney, and a son of the celebra- ted Judge Rooerts, so noted in his day, as one of the best oi' men Aldermen Scully and Lowrie are all I saw of the city authorities, besides the mayor. Mr S. is a most inter- esting man, stout, ;-nd young looking, witl^ fine, lull, bla>-k eye. Mr. Lowrie is a brother of Secretlfry Lowrie, of the U S Sf'naio, and a very ddF-rent looking man: he has nothing ot that malignity in his countenance, which distinguis; es his brofher. He is a low fair looking man. I toid Wi\\\ 1 should try to get him in his brother's place: — wonder how it would do: we could not be worsted. MERCHANTS. I wish to keep all classes separate, in Pittsburg; a gen- eral practice wiis me at all timt'S, to treat of every class, sej'arately, but more particularly in this place, as being the tiiVit visit to Pittsburg; reserving the manufactories to the la^t. My time was so much taken up in viewing the manu- iactories, that 1 saw very tew of the merchants; and more particularly as they are a class ol men who care little about literature I lind they are mostly narrow-minded and penurious, unless you happen to come across a real gentleman, which sonn^times happens. in Pittsburg. I found Messrs. McCleery and King, wholesale mevcha-ts, in Wood Street, near the Monon- gahfla. These ure men ot high respectability, and are ex.eiisivelv engaged in trade. I did not see Mr Kmt'-; iul Mr. McCleeiy is a very aimabij3 and inteUigent man, *7 78 PITTSBURG. and lacks nothing of the complete gentleman. He, be- ing a foe to priestcraft and tracts, we agreed well in sen- timents: of course laughed enough at the Dismals, Mr. Mc. is a good figure, young, with a full black eye, and possessed of much ease of manner. Mr. George Paris (if I am not mistaken in the name) is on of the,most amiable of his species — mild,unatiect- ed, and winning in his manners, and the very milk of hu- man kindness. This gentleman is of Ireland, and I would suppose he left few equals behind him. The graces and every intellectual charm beams in his fine, open counte- nance, and his actions correspond with his looks. He keeps in Market Street. N. Swart^Esq. (I think) a merchant, is also respecta- ble and a g^leman. He is of young appearance, with a very engaging aspect, and fine, iively, black eye. Samuel Pettegrew, Esq. (calling unknown) is alike en- titled to an honorable place in the history of this coun- try. I do not know his profession, but I recollect the man perfectly to be highly deserving and agreeable in his manners. I was equally pleased with Alexander Johnston, cash- ier of the Pittsburg bank, a tall, noble, stout figure, and very accomplished. He, with those I have mentioned, as gentlemen, nxe men of extensive learning and talents, and of course, do not approve of tracts and missionaries, and yet they are so over-awed by these tyrants, tliat they dare not speak above their breath, shame on them, and let those ignorant raw fellows monopolize all the women, and the iigliest long faces in the world. I overlooked Wm. Snowden, Esq. a member of the Pittsburg bar, he is a very worthy man, and much res- pected. Mr. S. is a tall fine figure, good countenance, with a large bright blue eye and affable manners. Mr. Isaac Mwphy, likewise an attorney, is very res- pectable. Amongst the other gentlemen worthy of remark, I have to notice Messrs. Wm. Caern, (if I do not mistake the name,) Byrne and Smith. I do not know the pursuit of Mr. C. bat he is a very gentlemanly man; Mr. John* flTTSBURG. 79 Bryne, an Irish gentleman, and once a man of indepen- dence, is among St the most intellig^ent and shrewd men in Pittsburg, and though struggling with adverse fortune, has a fine flow of spirits and is an excellent companion, I met with no man of more wit and pleasantry than Mr. B., he has spent much of his time since he arrived in America, in Boston, from which cause, and the hospitali- ty of his nation, his marmers are noble, frank and gener- ouh: I am under deep obligations to this gentleman and his enlightened family. He supports his family by manufac- turing umbrellas, in 3d street, between Market and Wood, and though advanced in years and in delicate health, he is cheerful and gay, I hope he may receive the patronage he richly merits. Wm. T. Smith, is a white smith near Bakewell's glassworks, he and Mrs. S. (of whom I shall speak hereafter,) are of Scotland. This is the gentleman who manfully repulsed the Hog-mob students of theuniver- sity, which alone ought to immortalize his name, he has the best educated and interesting family of children, with the exception of Mrs. Collins, I met with in Pittsburg, those children are hardly exceeded by any in the United States: nor did I ever meet w^ith youths more amiable or possessed of a higher sense of honor. Mr. Smith, is himself, exemplary and a perfect gentleman. These youdis and a few other young gentleman, have a small theatre, where they perform for their amusement and in- struction, and notwithstanding their limited means, (mere children,) and want of patronage, it is astonishing to see them perform— I was present at the performance of George Barnwell, in which these youths acquitted themselves to a degree, little inferior to the performers in New York— one of the children, about thirteen years of age, is a natural genius and paints the scenes himself for his little theatre. These exemplary youths, as their parents informed me, have improved from the example of the parents alone' neither having ever exercised any authority or coertion towards them, more than over the child they never saw. It is shameful that the libeial pan of the citizens of Pitts- burg do not at least aid these youths— an honor to theil- 80 PITTSBURG. eity, in, at least, furnishing them with a lara:er roora; as the ,)r-scnt one is tuo small, even tor children The more I see of this civilized pan ol' the world, ihe more I am convinc-d that tiie priesUiood, so iar iVooi be- in,^ a benefit, are a i^reat enemy to the progress of society; and tiiat there is no reai liberty where lliey have any influence. Now here are ten tliousaud people -vho are kept in awe and bondage by three or tour tyrants,* the most abOmmable monster* oi' wickedness in the city. I'his proves the ig7iorance of the people. Why are the people ignorant? j he increase of these priests, who keep learning down Witness the hog mob scliolars of the University — the letter 1 received here, and the letter I received trom Cai lisie, &c. &c. and many other i)lack deeds of theirs, which I shall bring to light i)efore 1 have done; though not equal to breaking a female's singif iimb in three pn ces, yet enough to prove that none but fools or ignoramuses would believe they were s[)read!iig any gospel but that ol nonsense. Yuu never hear the; ihea- atre attacked but by these monsters, who want the mo- ney themselves for spreading tire and sword, a;? it ap- pears, instead of the gospel. Give them no moi^ey and see what uould be the consequence.-* bigotry, hyjiocrisy, and prejudice would soon disapjiear. Nothing flies faster than prejudice and deceit hfiihrtjacts. I hope the peo- ple of Fittsnurg will no longer be bound by the galling ©hams of these deceivers. But my greatest lavorite is Mr. Eichbaiim, the post- master: an Israelite in wnoiu there is no guile; a man of princely viitues, and beloved by ail who has vhe pleasure of his acquaimance. Mr. E. is a pattern of every thing amiable in tue human character. Nature ha« dealt boun- tifully with hnn, and he has improved the blessing she has lavished upon him beyond her fondest de;;igns. With- out parade, without prof' ssions, devoid of pride, he is at once a philosophr.r and pKilanihropist — intelligent, hu- mane, and mildness its' If. He is the mos! enviable man I know. I would certainly, had S a vole in '.he business, rott for him to succeed tne Postmaster General. Mr. T *This was the case in the dark ages; so we are going back. PITTSBURG. 81 E. is a stout, fine figure, of young appearance, with a dark complexion, and a countenance of unrivalled sweetness. EDITORS. There are four papers, (hesides weekly and religious, of which I know not the nunnljer,) published in Pitts- burg; all liberal but one — Mr. ^cLean, a blue stocking, and his countenance bespeaks hiin what he is, thoujfh lie is not devoid of talent. When I received the infasoous letter, before mentioned, every editor in the eity resent- ed it in the most indignant and pomted terms except Mr. McLean; this shows his religion: and that he approved of it there is little doubt. All their conduct corresponds.* Why did not this hypocrite come out like a man, as thfe other editors did; His paper is the Gazette — it was for Mr. Adams. Mr. Butler al^o publishes an Adams paper. I do not remember ihe name of the paper; but I shall never forget the man — one of the most amiable men in the world. As a man, as a christian, as an editor or a gentleman, he has few equals. So mild, so easy, so affa- ble — the milk and honey of human kindness. Mr. B.liT quite a young man, tall, slender, and dark-visaged, with a countenance of ineffable sweetness. Mr. Andrews^ and a young gentleman whom I used to know in New York, was the first to announce me, which gave great offence to the blue-skins: "Let envy alone.** This was the occasion of the missionary letter — a very good thing — give them plenty of rope. Mr. Andrews is a young gentleman of talents, and very promising. I'iie bold and spirited manner in which he resented the infa- mous letter, proves him, by no means, deficient either in the knowledge of our civil and religious rights, or the independence to assert them. I fancy the blue stockings Will long remember Mr. Andrews. Mr. Butler also re- sented it in a very handsome and spirited style. *1 understand Miss Wright gets a number of these letters. I Sup- pose this is the way they convert the heathen — what abominable brutes. The pictures in my letters are, doubless, well calculated to convert the heathen to their wishes, who oMiiuot read. I would not tie surprised at all to see the people rise and tear down all their dens. S2 PITTSBURG. The great offence of Mr. Andrews, I presume was, (as he was mentioned in the letter,) because he publish- my Carlisle letter. Mr. A. publishes the Commonwealth, and went for Gen. Jackson. Mr. John M. Snowdon, also for Gen. Jackson, is an- other yi/ung man, and alike independent. He published, the Carlisle letter also; and ihe blue-skins got it on all sides. They do not care, however — I mean the long- headed church and state people — so they get the money. Those in Pittsburg are only hirelings — catspaws — mere toolsj and were they pelted nine times a day with rotten eggs, such is their meanness and servility, they would submit to it, at least the hen-pecked ones; tnd that in- cludes the whole Mr. S. is quite promising, and if properly encouraged, will make one of our most useful men. Here we are robbed of the most solid enjoyments by our ignorance. Millions of dollars go to — where? I should like to know. It would be as meritorious to go and seize it, as to seize the spoils of any other enemy; and I am much mistaken if it be not done before a hun- dred years. But if this money was given to encourage ■genius, and instruct the heathen of our streets, which is the same thing, a hundred to one, perhaps a thousand, would then take a newspaper who are now siruggiing for bread, or unable to read. All the evil and distress of the lower order of our citizens arise from the same cause, and may be traced to the same source Genius hangs her head; the arts neglected; churches defiled; col- leges turned into missionary dens; old age insulted — nothing thrives but tracts, Sunday-schools, &c. &c. Mr. McFarland puhlishes another liberal paper He is a genteel, well informed man, quite young, and was said to edit the paper in the absence ot his father, then on the Legislature, or some where. There was a small weekly paper publi;-ihe and, probably, on no other spot on the earth, is there piomise that the same amount of effort will be attended with so great success. The duty of immediately sending the gospel to the destitute in that interesting portion of our country, is now, we believe, almost universally acknowledged; and the consideration has pressed with great weight upon the minds of the Committee of the American Tract Society, that, while there are not qualified preachers of the gospel in existence to supply their wants, tracts can, without de- lay, be printed and sent to every family. The Commit- tee have felt that, bearing in some degree the responsi- bility of conducting the Trad operations of the country, they must not slumber an hour over this subject; but en- tet immediately on the work. And in this view, they 8— Vol. 11. 86 PITTSBURG. have commissioned and sent ibrth the Rev, Oran East- man, who has been three years engaged in faithful labors for the Tract cause, as a Gpneral Agent of the Society fcr the Valley of the Mississippi, and have appointed three other faithful men to labor in connexion with him. Rev Mr. Eastman,, in company with Mi Charles Put- nam, left the city of New York on the Hth November, for this Siervice, expecting to meet the two other Agents apt 'ointed, after his arrival beyond the mountains. Their object will be to form Auxiliary I'ract Associa- tions in every town and village, and neighborhood around; till, if possible, one or more tracts, " directing the sin- ner to the Saviour," shall be placed in every family. All who can be induced to associate themselves with these Auxiliaries, will be supplied with tracts at the cost pri- ces: to all who have not the ability to pay for them, or, who knowing not their value, and caiing not for their soul's salvation; will do notJiing tti supply themselves, it will be felt a duty to carry tracts and deliver them, as God's message, "without money and without price." The Committee now look to the christian public to sustain them in this important measure. It will require great personal effort on the part of all christians scatter- ed thioughout the Valley of the Mississippi; and hberal pecunia'-y contributions from the friends of the cause in every portion of the country. These agents must be sustained, and their number probably be soon increased; and tracts must be furnished for the supply of all the Auxiliaries formed, and for all the gratuiious distribu- tions to the destitute. If there are 4,000,000 in the Val- .ley of the Mississippi, and each family contains seven individuals, the expense of sending two tracts of the usual size to each family, will exceed $11,400. But far more than this must be done every year, or the provision made by Tracts, for the spiritual wants of that population, will be small indeed. The Committee have felt that God called them to en- ter upon, and faithfully to prosecute this work, notwith- istaitding the Socieiy's very limited pecuniary means. We hope the object will be remembered by christians in PITTSBURG. 87 their prayers, especially on the first Monday in every month; for, with the blessing of God, we believe it will appear in the day of judgment, to have been among the very important movements of the Christian Church. Sm. Tract Magazine. It appears it is God's message to deliver tracts. Do they find tracts in the Scriptures? This piece needs no comment. I hope it may open the peoples' eyes. LADIES. There are few in Pittsburg of accomplished and liber- al manners: the mass of the females being under the con- trol ofjtie religious societies. I saw but few enlightened females: but those I was so happy to see were inferior to no ladies in the United States for pleasing manners and PITTSBURG* houses, exhibit a most lamentable picture of low vicious manners. During the whole of my visit to these manu- factories, I never saw an instance of intoxication orjhe smallest indication of drinking — whether this highly hon- orable trait in the mechanics of Pittsburg, has been no- ticed by other travellers or not, 1 am unable to say, but it was the first thing that struck me w^ith, not only surprise, but pleasure; the workmen, were almost as black through- out, as the coal of their pits, but this disguise could not conceal the noble mein, the chaste smile, and manly de- portment for which they are unequalled. Had they been looking for me, I should have thought their manners assum- ed, but to recur to my own maxim, no one can effect what they do no*t possess, least of all, politeness. But nothing was farther from them than the thought of receiving a visit from a female, and though sometimes accompanied, I mostly stole a march upon them, much the best course for those who aim to give accurate descriptions. Upon the whole, I am convinced that the most, if not all the travellers who have visited this Birmingham, as it is called, have never paid that observation indispensable, from want of industry and candor in this respect, very few travellers of late attach any merit to their writings; •'it is the remark of a traveller," I have often observed, so it is with all travellers who have noticed Pittsburg, they merely call perhaps, at Bakewell's glass-house and jum- ble a few miscellaneous commutucations obtained from the citizens, and without seeing the mechanics or perhaps a single machine, patch up a book; this was the case with the duke of Saxeweimer, the last traveller from whom great thinj^s were anticipated.* This being understood, a visit from any traveller, much less a female, wasdouhtless, the last thing these men were thinking of, and .such was my curiosity to see these far- famed founderies and workshops, that without consulting a triend, 1 popped into one the next day of my visit, it *In justice to the duke, his remarks upon the Bible in the hands of the convicts in the new prison of Philadelphia, are unanswerably greati PITTSBURG. 91 being understood that these aianufactories are profusely scattered throughout the city, aud being uiuch dclighied with the good order, stillness, and innocent manners of the workmen, I pursued the business unceasingly, which, as I have remarked, took up thirteen days — but not finding the proprietors in the shops, or any one who could give me an accurate account ol capital, hands employed, or quantity manufactured, I am sorry to say, after bestow- hig so much labor, the article on Pitisburg, is by no meaiis so clear and satisfactory as I could have wished. This is ro fault of mine, as I applied to almost every in- telligent man in Pittsburg, for information but failed; if the work be imperfect therefore, they have no one to blame but themselves; [ have again applied to the pro- pria tors through the mail, and should the necessary in- formation arrive, it will be cheerfully inserted in the blanks lef? for the purpose. In some instances, 1 did re- ceive the full Jtmount, which will go to prove the im- mense weight of labor, industry, skill, and natural facul- ties of Pittsburg, which is one entire workshop, as some judicious traveller heretofore remarked. The fabrication of iron, being one of the most import- ant branches of the manufactures, and being one of the great staple commodities of the country, we shall tirst notice those establishments, in and about Pittsburg, wlier© it is made. SLIGO ROLLING MILL. r This establishment is situated on the south side of the Monongahela river, immediately opposite the mouth of Mark-street, and is ©wned by Messrs. Robert T. Stew- art and John Lyon. It was erected in 1825. Sligo mill may be considered as a branch of those extensive iron- works which the proprietors ovvh on the Juniata, as ail the iron they make use of, is brought from there in a state partly manufactured, that is, in large blocks called blooms, whicii do not require the process of puddling, but are immediately iit for roiling. The consumption of blooms «t»thc Sligo mill , is about 1 400 tons annually. The engin6 ^% PITTSBUIIC5. is one of the most powerful in or about Pittsburg, being 130 horse power, was built by Mark Stackhouse; some idea may be formed of the strength and immensity of the various machinery, when we say that their weight is 120 tons,. Fifty hands are employed daily in the different de- partments, and the consumption of coal per annum is about 14000 bushels. The value of bar, boiler, nail and sheet iron, &c. manufactured per year, is 15000 dol- lars. The Pittsburg iron made at Sligo mill is not surpassed ■by any m the United Slates. A short time since an order was sent to Mr. Stewart from the National works at Harper's ferry, for a load of Sligo iron, to be converted into musket barrels. JUNIATA IRON WORKS, Situated on the Allegheny river, in the Northern Liber- ties; is owned by Dr Peter Shocnberger. They were erected in 1824, and may also be considered as a distant branch of the extensive forges of the pro|irietor on the waters of the Juniata. The establishment here is a very extensive one, embracing a large lot of land, with large and convenient frame and brick buiidmgs. The machi- nery of the works is of the very best and most sub- sta.iiial kind, and in its location, })resents great economy and regularity. Tiie whole was put up under ih ■ super- intendance of M. B. Bcikntp, esq. who as an engineer and ingenious mechanic, has (ew equals in the western country. The engine is of 120 horse power, and was built by Mr. Mathew Smith, now of the firm of Binney and Suiith. One thousand tons of blooms are manufactured here annually, into every article manufactured from iron. It contains six nail machines, and makes six tons of nails, per week. The proprietor contemplates extehdipg the nail factories to sixteen, eighty hands are now employed. This is the first great manufactory I was ever in, and , h&d 1 not been prepared for the sight and noise by sefirig •thers upon a less scale, I should have thought it was the PITTSBUJIG. .98 shop of Vulcan, forging hie thunderbolts in his subterran- eous abode. The redness of the towering flames, the amfjzing dimensions of the wheels, the volumes of rolling smoke, and the thunder of the huge hammers, and squeak- ing of the nail machines, fairly turned my head — no lan- guage can describe the rapidity with which these naiis are made, they drop from the machine in one unremitting shower. Dr. Shoenberger's iron has long since been established. The competent knowledge which Dr. S. possesses as it regards the fabrication of iron, and the assiduous person- al attention which he continually pays to the various de- partments of his concern, will always sustain the goqd fame of " into mactiinery of all kinds, stoves, gratis, Wagon boxes, plough plates, and in short, every article that may be desired, from Ihe weight of, 4 tons down to one-fourth ol a pound, twenty hands are generally em- ployed, and 9000 bushels ot coal consumed yearly. * f his is the first manufa<'iuriag house I ente?ed in Pitts- burg— passing by the door, I suspected what was going on, and called in. They had just fmished casting, hut said tiiej would begii, agam in half an hour: the mettle was just beguming to melt. The principal was absent and the clerk in the couat- ing room, was a poor shoat, (counting rooms are attached to all these establishmeiits.) He paid no more attention wh'm I addressed him, than if I had spoken to a post, I pushed on, nevertheless, through walls and raa^parts of castings, until I came to a door that opened into the foun- dry, and being charmed with the modest and affable man- ners ol the workmen, I amused myself in watching the metal sis it melted and rolled on, in a bright stream to the front of the furnace. The bottom of these furnaces be- ing an inclined plane, the pigs are laid upon the highest part, and by looking through the .crevices of the mouth of liie furnace, ym may see the metal running down. Meantime, I received as much attention from the work- men as [ would have received from the most finished cpurtier. They fixed up a seat or a sort of throne, rath- er, where I sat out of harms way, until they were done. They dipt out the raetal with large deep ladies, with long 98 ' PITTSBURG. handles. The ladle resembles an iron pot precisely iii shape, depth, and ii^rvow, and holds about a gallon But when they cast large pieces, they have a pot of about four gallons, handle on each side, and two men take hold of it, one on each side, tilling it first with a ladle. They plaster the inside of their ladles with clay to keep the metal from sticking. As quick as they are done filling the last row of moulds, they begin to lake out the ware at the first. The} i.ast twice in the day, once in the forenoon and oncf in the af- ternoon, and rest the balance of the day, after getting the moulds ready for the succeeding day. EAGLE FOUNDRY, In Kensington. This establishnient was erected by A. BeMen, but is now conducted by the same gentlemen that own the Jackson toundry, atid composes a part of their concern. The castings' of boh foundries are much the same. The consumption of m.etal at the Eagle is about 300 tons J early. Employs about 12 hands, and bums about 7000 bushels ot coal The value of cast ngs of both establishments amount annually to about 36,750 dol- lars. The mechanical operations are conducted by two of the; ablest moulders, whose abilities and knowledge of their/ avocation are above being questioned. And as they com-j. bine every attention and skill, with their own actual and unremitting l^hor, the reputation ot the Ja( kson an(i Ea- gle foundries, will alwajs be maintained, while they are concerned. We allude to Messrs. KingslandjLightneraud Sowers. Their warehouse is on Liberty near Sixth-street, whisre are every variety of castings and patterns. PHOENIX FOUNDRY Situate on Scotch hill, corner of Ross and Third -streets; ow ricd b> Messrs. Miller and Freeman. I* was estab- flahed m 1821, by Clark, and is pmcipally devoted PITTSBURG. 99 to the lighter orderof castings— such as sad-irons, grates, stoves, wheels, &c. &c. into which about 200 tons are an- nually converted. Ten hands are constantly employed, and about 7800 bushels of coal are consumed annually. The value of castings made during the last year, amounts to 14560 dollars. This concern we believe is in a very prosperous condi- tion, and as it is owned by a couple of industrious, clever gentlemen, we wish it may continue so. They have a ware house in Liberty, three doors south of St. Clair street. Whether this factory be operation, at this time (1826,) or not, I am unable to say: but certain it is, these gentle- men have just finished the Washington Foundry, which was going into operation, as I called on them. A large nail factory is attached to it, upon Reeds plan. Caoital J9000 dollars. ^ The- Washington Foundry combines many improve- ments, and makes a handsome appearance — all those are convenient in proportion to their size. stackhouse's foundry. Attached to the Columbian Steam Engine factory, in Front street, at the corner of Redoubt alley. The princi- pal part of the castings made at this establishment, are steam machinery, into which about 400 tons of metal are annually converted. Constant employment is given to 12 iiands, and about 8800 bushel of coal, are consumed yearly. The value of the manufactures per year, is aboat 18000 dollars. ALLEGHENY FOUNDRY, Situated near the Allegheny river, on M'Cormick's alley, and owned by Mr. William Franklin. Manufactures light articles generally, consuming per annum, about 166 'oas of metal, and employs 6 hands. The coiisumptjd/; o .*al is about 4000 bushels, and the value of manutactures dur- - ing the last year 10,140 dollars. 100 PlTTSBUKG STACKHOUSE AND THOMPSON'S FOUNDllY, On Liberty and Second-streets; and is attaclied to their steam engine factory. The whole of the castings made here aie applied to steam boafs and steam machinery, generally. The quantity of metal made use of ann,ualiy, IS 120 tons, employs 10 hands, and annually consumes about 3,500 bushels oi coal. The value of machinery made in the same time, is about $7,200. price's cupola foundry. Situated one-fourth of a mile east of Pittsburg:, and may be considered a brass as well as an iron fiuudry, as all the, various articles of a light nature in both branches are manufactured here. Mr. Price also makes large cruci- bles for fusing copper, brass, &c. and is the only person about Pittsburg, who has succeeded in making these articles in perfection. Value of castings, &c. about 4000 dollars. BIRMINGHAM FOUNDRY, Carried on by Messrs. Sutton and Nicholson, consumes annually about 200 tons of metal, whicli is converteil into castings of every kind, and valued at rii,000 dollars. This foundry is connected with other establishments, which we shall notice in another place. Consumption of coal about 10,000 bushels, and employs eight hands. Th.'ire is also manufactored at this establishment, by steam, tobacco-press, paper-mill and fuUci's screws of all sizes. Iron turning of all kinds, is also done. RECAPITULATION. In the eight, foundries before mentioned, there has been convrsled J! to castings, rluvine the last Iwelv- months, 3>l^6 tonsoi metal, 106 hands employed— 66,000 busheb PITTSBURG. 101 of coal consumed, and the total value of manufactures 132,610 dollars.* ' NAILERIES. The manufacture of nails is carried on here to a very- great extent; so much so, that it is probahle there are more nails made in Pittsburg in one year than, is made in the same period in all the western country beside. The in- ventionof those patent nail machines have produced a great revolution in this branch of business, and have almost en- tirely superseded the use of the hammer and the die. The facility with which the cutting and heading of nails is performed, stand thus, of 3 nails 400 may be made per minute; of 6d 300 to 350, and of 12d there has been made 1760 pounds per day, one machine!! UNION ROLLING MILL NAIL FACTORY, Has 14 nail machines in operation, by which ^11 kinds of nails are manufactured, from 3d to 20d. There ivas made last year at this establishment, 720,000 lbs. which being averaged at 6 cents per pound, gives their value at 43,200 dollars. SLIGO NAIL FACTORY, Attached to the Sligo Rolling Mill, and driven by steam; ha- 4 machines that oui annually, 400,000 pounds of nails which are worth 32,000 dollars. PITTSBURG NAIL FACTORY, Owiedby Richard Bowen, and connected with his rolling mill, has 10 machines; makes 5,804 kegs of cut nails, of various siz< s, and 22,000 pounds of wrought nails; malt- ing a total of 7e2,8b7 pounds. Value |66,544 39 cjss, * Three last, e'-timaied im 1826. *9 102 PlTTSBLtRG, grant's hill nml factory, Attached to the Grant's Hill Iron works, has five machines, ^h'.ch are driven by steam; manufactures 250 tons of nails, of various sizes, per annum Value, |40,000. :v JUNIATA NAIL FACTORY, Connected vfith the Juniata iron works, and owned by Dr. Shoeisber^er. Has 5 machines in operation, and manu- factures per annum, 500,000 pounds of nails, of all sizes. Value, 40,000 dollars. 1 have noticed this elsewhere. PINE CREEK NAIL FACTORY, Owned by Mr. B. Belknap, and connected with his other extensive works on that stream, They make at this esta- blishment, by 4 machines, about 3,640 kegs of nails, of various sizes, making 456,000 pounds. Valued at 34,100 dollar*. . ^ . , -1 There are in Pittsburg, about six factories, where nails are made in the old way; employ about sixteen hands, ar.d make per annum, 360,000 pounds. Valued at 28,000 elollars. STEAM ENGINES. Pittsburgh in this branch of business, has acquired great celebrity. The numerous engines made heie, and the attention paid to their construction, has enabled ;he eni^ineers, beyond all others, to improve, by rtnderiug every succeeding one less complicated, and lenderini^ its onerations less difficult and dangerous. No place in the world, can surpa .• Pittsburg, as to the means and mater- ials, tot manufacturing these powerful machines. The ta!eiit and skill displayed in the application of steam, to answer every purpose, is equal to the advanta- « -:, artrt Jiexi to the. invention itself. They would, I be- litve, grind c«flce, or in short apply stewn to every thing PITTSBURG. 103 done by the hand, and su(;li a number of them is astonish- ius^; one would think ihe steam engines alone, wouW ex- haust the mountains of Potosi. But they are nothing to the casting, nails, and other ware. The cause of this, is found in its resouices, as the people have nothing to do but to apply the fire to the coal, and the coal to the me- ta!I — all areon the spot in endless masses. When the article is made, nothing is to do hut put it m a vessel, and away it goes by vviau and steam, instead of wincjand tide. If a man wishes to build a boat, he has nothing to do but take his axe, go up the MonongahHa or Allegheny, and ffll the timber, float if down, and to lose no time, he may build a -^aw mill as h<" sails down the river. All thfse advantaaes would be nothing, however, but for system^ application and union— of all people, they are the least envious, or jealous of each other: this curse of the Yankee states, is unknown in the generous Birmiiig- haai of America. If on" happens to have mor'- water or more money, or the smallest advantage over another, m the east, his throat is in danger — not so in Pittsburg, eve- ry one puts his shoulder to the wheel, all pull together; every one. rejoices at the prosperity of hii, neighbor. If an-iion merchant n)akes a guod sale, his neighbor is as much gratified as though he made it himself. This (rait, and the elevated manners of the mechanics, is peculiat o Pittsburg, and what is the cause? no missionaries amon-st them!!! ° The generality of Pittsburg engines, are constructed on what is called the high pressure principle, in cou) ra- disf iaction to the low pressure. Of the merits of either I am not competent to decide, each has a powerful sujjport in the prejudices of the people; but were I to judge from the great majority of higl. pressure engines in use, and the generally superior running of boats that are propelled by them, I would give the ^nemtace unequivocali) to high steam. A- to danger, which a great nianv persons sup- pose is always connected with high steam; irom an ac- count kept of accidents which have occuied on the Ohio, »nd elsewhere, the number on board the low pressure 104 ' PITTSBURG. steam boats, have been twice, if not three times as great as thosf; on high pressure There are six steam engine manufactories in Pittsburg and its vicinity, all active4y engaged, where engines can be furnished 15 per cent, lower than at any other establish- ment of the kind in the United States. COLUMBIAN STEAM ENGINE COMPANY, At the corner of Second-street and Redoubt alley, con- ducted by Mr. Mark Staekhouse, a gentleman of known . reputation as an able engineer, and in company with Messrs. Rogers, Evans and others, were the first persons that commenced this branch of business in the western country. Seven steam engines, none of which were less than 60 horse power, avarage value, 30,000— were made in one year by the company. In their construction and for otlier purposes, they made use of 100,000 lbs of bar iron, besides the necessary quantity of casting. Twenty hands are constantly employed, and about 4,500 bushels of coal consumed. A very large high pressure engine is now finishing lor a steam boat on lake Erie. Connected w ith the Columbian Steam Engine Factory, there is a turning, boring and grinding establishment, which is put into operation by steam power, derived from the Vittsburg Steam Mill. Here are cut all kinds of tobacco press, paper-makers and tullers scirews; turning of iron, &c. Mr. Staekhouse received an order for an engine of 100 horse power, to be placed in the iron works of the Messrs. Thompsons, at the moulh of French creek, on the Schuyl- til), 25 miles from Philadelphia. It was built, accord- ingly, and forwarded over the mountains in wagons, and kas ully realised every expectation, as to its exceilf^nce. Messrs. Warden and Arthurs, at the corner of Seco«d and West streets, have aii extensive concern. These gentlemen nave been very successful, and their work i& heiff in deservedly high estimation. In one year they put up five engines, all of tlie largei' class, valurd at 35,000 dollars. They employ about 30 hands, and coiiswne PITTSBTJRft. 105 5000 bushels of coal psr )-ear. A large and powerful low pressure engine is now finishuig at this esiablishment, for a sJfeam ^bpai on La ice Erie. Foi th<*purposf^ of facilitating the operations of turn- ing, punchinj?, &c. and reducinjj the quantity of manual t labor required, the proprietors have built a steam engine. ! Messrs. Stackhouse and Thompson, on Liberty street at the corner of Third. This firra has put up some of the bes^ engines employed in the oavit^ation of the western waters. They ha^e construct'^d within one year, 5 en- gines of the largest class, valued at 35,000 dollars. Thir- ty hands are daily-employed. Messrs. Smith and Biuny, on Grant's hill. These gen- tlemen have lately commenced, but th(y have already built three engines, valued at 14,000 dollars, and employ 15 hands. M. B. Belknap, Esq. on Pine creek; has made witbin 'the last yeas, two very large engines, and has two others on hand, valued at 16,000 dollars. Mahlon. Rogers, at the corner of Grant anB Fourth- streets. Has made two small enaines, ralued at 800. — ■ Two large ones are now on hand.* STEAM WIRE MANUFACTORY, In Kensington, near the Union Rolling Mill, conducted by Mr. Arnold Eichbaum. Has an engine of ten horse power— employs seven hands, and manutactures wire from No. 1 to 16 We hare been infornsed by gentlemcR who are acquanted with the article, that Mr. Eichbaum's is of an excellent quality. STEAM TURNING AND GRINDING MILL. Owned by William Hall, in Kensington. It is devoted entirely to turning brass and iron, and to grinding sad irons, &c. &c. Has an f-rgine often horse power. *EMiaiate uf sfeain boats in 1826-.the author attempted ia Tain t» get the last estimate. 106 PITTSBURG. This immense amount was supplied from about 12 or 13 !t!ast furnaces, situated in the neiffhboriiig couiilits of Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Westmoreland, Venango, Craw- ford, &c. COTTON. The manufactures of Cotton are limited. The large amount of capital, i he various tributary and connecied branches of workmanship, indispensably necessary to pro- fitable operation, have probably prevented its earlier and more successful experiment. STEAM COTTON FACTORY, Owned by James Arthurs and Sons, situated on Straw- berry, near Cherry alley. The machinery consists of one throstle of 120 spindles, one mule of 168 spindles, with the necessary apparatus for carding, &c. It its princi- pally employed in the manufacture oi fine yarns from No. 16 to 20. Thirteei handi are employed in the cotton fac- tory. PHCENIX STEAM COTTON FACTORY. Owned by Messrs, James Adams, Allen and Grant and James S. Grant, in the Northern Liberties of the city.— Capital |1 5,000. In the spring of 1822, they brought from Pi evidence, R. I. the largest amount of machinery ever exported thence, under a single order, including all the most esteemed machines then in use, for their contem- pl ted purposes, together with workmen in turning, filing, carding, spinning, dressing, weaving, &c. Their establishment ccmtains upwards of twenty seven hundred Bpindlt-s:— twenfy-two tlirostles of 84 spindles, and six mules of 180 spindles each, together with tlie necessary piepnration machine«; sixteen looms (or weav- ing yard wide sheetings, dresser, warper, &c. 1 hey pro- duce daily about seven liuiidred weight of yarnJ'ruiu No. 5 to 22, and about four hundred and fifty yards of cotton PITTSBURe. 107 cloth, consuming about siv hundred bal^s of cotton annual- ly Th^ty eni|jioy al)Out one huivired and ^pventy persons, including- those at work in th, ir machine shop 'f'ne annual value of their manufactured goods, is 100,000 dollars, calculating their yams and sheetings at the eastern prices, by which they usually are regulated. The power, oper- ating jhis machinery, i» a steam engine of about forty hosse power, which tunis the lathes, grirsd-stoiies, &c. of the machine shop, and forces the escape ateam through the building, diffusing a general and mod»>rate heat Mr. John M'llroy, in Wood, between Fronl. and Se- cond-s'reets, has in operation 80 hand looms, employed as follows: — On 5 plaids, 62 producing 930 yards per day. S152 20 On Siripes, 10 " 160 " " " 23 40 On Check, 8 " 112 " " « 19 02 Total looms 80 producing 1202 yards per day. $194 62 There is employed in (lie business of this concern, inci ud- ing the coloring department, 155 hands The number of yards manufacfuied per annum, is o63 600 and the whole at 15 cents per yard, amounts to 54,540 dollars. Mr James Shaw, in Wood-street, between Sixth and Liberty, has in operation 80 hand looms, em[)loyerJ in weaving plaid and checks. Weaves 30,000 annually, amount $60,000. , Mr. Thomas Graham, in Market, between Fifth and Lit)erty streets, has 84 hand looms in operation, which are employed as follows: on plaids, stripes, checks, and Wilmington stripe. Messrs. Tilford and Sons, near Pittsburg, have 8 looms employed on stripes, plaids, &c. They weave annually about 36,000 yards, besides a considerabh quantify of cas-sinets and woollen carpeting. They employ about 15 hands. MISCELLANEOUS. There are in Pittsburg, besides thoe country 7000 ib. wool at Qi cts. - 437 50 1 loom on coverlets, carpets, &c. - - - 700 00 Spunfor country 3000 lb. — $4,?07 50 FLEECEDALE WOOLLEN MANUFACTORY. Situated on Chariier's creek, a few miles west of Pitts- burg, near the Sieuben road. This is a respectahle es- tablishment, and is owned by Messrs A and J Murphy. The tnachinery is driven by water power. The business of this establishment is as follows: Four looms on Cassinets, 32 yards per day. One loom on broad cloths. 5 yaids per day. There are two carding nachines, and one mule of 90 spindles, by which 10,000 lbs. of wool has been elided and spun. Atta?:hrd is a Fulling mill and Dying esta- blishmt-nt. 16 per'^cns are employed. . The Messrs. Muipby^s are said to be among thr^ first rate clothiers in the. country, who combine with gregi en- terprize and industry, an indffaiigable zeal to retfder their mauulactures worthy of i.uhlic support Pleecedale cloths au'l c.'SSi'ine's may be spa.v and pur- chased at M. S. Mason and McDonough's wholesale dry good store, V'ood sueet. 10— Vol. II, 110 PITTSBURG. GLASS WORKS. I now come to the most difficult class of manufactures for description, and what I have dreaded from the be- ginniag In the foregoing description of iron, woollen, and cot- ton manufactures, I was greatly aided by a small Direc- tory: but the writer being accustomed to see ih«se things daily, has no idea of the impressions they make upon strangers; and of all towns, (in our country I mr an,) Pittsburg excites most astonishment. Every fhing pur- sued in other towns is thrown into the shade by Pitts- burg: even in the building of steam-boats it excels, by a long way, our great city. New York. You see nothing but columns of smoke rolling out of these manufactories in every part of the city, and in eve- ry street. Go to the river Monongahela and you see no- thing but steam-boats, two stories high, many of 0 dollars. Williamsport, on the Monongahela, makes window glass,. &c. to the amount of 3000 boxes, valued at 12,000 dollars. Geneva works, owned by Mr. Gallatin, manufactures yearly, about 4,000 boxes, valued at 16,000 dollars. Total number of boxes, 17,000, value, $ 68,000 To which add Pittsburg window and flint glass, 131,804 Total value, $189,804 PAPER. The manufacture of paper is carried on to a very great extent in the western counties of Pennsylvania. In 1^10 ^here were bat few papeF-mills in this part of the State, PITTSBURG, 115 Vlie oldeist of which was the Redstone mill, near Browns- ville. Now there are nine, four of which are owned in this city; be»ides two in the adjacent county of Jefierson, Ohio, one of which is owned here, viz: ANCHOR STEAM PAPER MILL, Owned by Mr. Holdship, situated in Pittsburg, corner of Ross and Brackenridd^e streets. This is the largest paper making establishment west of the mountains. It is put into operation by an engine of 30 horse power, and employs 86 hands. ^ There are 6 vats, which produce on an average, the year round, 40 reams per week, each, which may be valued at 3 dollars per ream, making each vat to produce 2080 reams per annum, valued at 6,240 dollars The whole number of reams produced per year is, 12,480, valued at 37,440 dollars. The quality of Mr. Holdship's paper is said to be of the first order, as is sufficiently tested by his extensive sales Within the last 18 months, 40,000 dollars worth of Spanish paper has been made at his mill, for the South American market, and which has been shipped thence. PITTSBURG STEAM PAPER MILL. In the Northern Liberties, and owned by Mr. Patterson & Co. is driven by an engine of 20 horse power, and has 3 vats. This concern is now in -operation. CLINTON STEAM PAPER MILL, Situated at Steubenville, and owned hy Mr. Holdship of this city, I shall speak of under the head of Sleubenville. FRANKLIN PAPER MILL, On Little Beaver, Beaver county; owned by Messrs* Cramer and Spear, of this city, is driven h\ vvater pow- er; has 2 vats, and manufactures about 9000 dollars worth of various kinds of paper annually. 116 PITTSBURG. BIGG BEAVER PAPER MILL At the Falls of Big Beaver, owned bj Messrs. Johnston and Stockton, of this city. Machinery is driven by wa- ter power; has 2 vats, aiid will make annually about 10,000 dollars worth of paper of all kinds. Also in the neighborhood: Sewickly Paper Mill, Westmoreland county, owned by General Markle; 2 vats, water power. Redstone Paper Mill., in Fayette county, owned by Messjs. Jackson and Sharpless; 2 vats, water power. Yough Paper Mill, Fayette county, owned by Mr. D., Rogers; 2 vats, water power. , , Ohio Paper Mill, on Little Beaver, owned by Messrs. Bever and Bowman; 2 vats, water power. Meadville Paper Mill, in Crawford comity, owned by Mr McGaw; 2 vats, water power. Mountpleasant Paper Mill, Jefferson county, Ohio, owned by Mr. Updegratf; 2 vats, water power. A new steam paper mill will be erected this summer, by Messrs. George Hirst & Co. near the United States' Arsenal. Mr. Belknap is now engaged oa the engine. The estimated average value of the paper produced at each vat in the water mills, at 5000 dollars per year; and the rags used in each vat, at 50,000 lbs. Taking ail the mills at this average rate, and estimating rags at 5 cents per lb. the paper manufactured in the mills enumerated would be worth 150,000 dollars, and the amount laid out ' in the country for rags, would not be less than 58,0Q0 dollars. FLOUR, &c. There are four steam grist mills; three in the city, and one in Birmingham; all in operation. THE PITTSBURG STEAM MILL. Situated at the corner of Water street and Redoubt alley; was established in 1812, by Oliver Evans, and is now PlTTSBtJRG. 117 conducted by Mr. George Evans. It runs three pair of burrs, and can manufacture every \2 hours about 24 ,bbls. of flour; and making the number of barrels per year 7000 To this mill there is attached an extensive plough ma- , n.ufactory, also carried on by Mr George Evans; where patent, half-patent, hill-side, premium, and common ploughs of all sizes, of the most excellent workmanship, are made. ALLEGHENY STEAM MILL, Situate near the Allegheny river, on Irwin's alley; own- ed Mr. John Herron. ALLEGHENY STEAM SAW-MILL. Also owned by Mr. John Herron. It is capable of run- ning either one or two saws; one, however, is constant- ly cutting, and will turn out from 2000 to 2500 feet of boards, per 12 hours; making about 600.000 feet per annum. Boards are wortlj 6 dollars per 1000. EAGLE STEAM MILL, On the Monongahela river, at the mouth of Suke's run; conducted by Mr. Henderson. Th€ie is attached to this establishment, an extensive nail factory, which in the department devoted to nail- eries, was\)verlooked. There is one ton of nails manu- factured per day; making > early, 600,000 pounds: val- ued at 36,000 dollars— 7 machines in operation. BIRMINGHAM STEAM MILL, Carried on by Sutton and Nicholson. 45 bands employ- ed; and the value oi tfieir products, annually, is about 72.000 dollars. Pittsburg also owns a linen and bagging factory. 118 PlTTSBUfiG. BRASS, TIN AND COPPER. There are in Pittsburg, four brass founderies, where are made all kinds of articles in that line. One or two of them, however, are kept almost constantly employed in casting the necessary brass- work for steam machine- ry. 1 1 hands are employed. In the tinning business there are 1 1 separate establish- ments, which employ about 65 hands, and manufacture about 44000 dollars worth of the ware per year. There are also in the city 6 copper-smith shops en- gaged in the manufacture of stills, kettles, pipes, &c. &c. 35 hand* are employed— value of manufactures, 14,000 dollars. SMITHERIES. Bhck-smiths.— Within the limits of the corporation there are 24 black-smith shops, which employ 115 per- sons. The whole value of the work done, per annum, IS 47,000 dollars. White-smiths —There are, also, six white smith shops, devoted to the finer branches of iron- work. Among these are the scale-beam and balance manufactories of Thomas Hazehon and Hugh Hazelton, (separate concerns,) said to produce some of the finest specimens, perhaps ever made in our country. BIRMINGHAM LOCK MANUFACTORY, Of J. and J. Patterson, jr. where are manufactured, knob, rim, fine plate and Banbury stock-locks, from 6 to 12 inches, latches and bolls. These articles are equal to any imported. 11 hands are employed, and about 1100 dozen of the articles manufactured annually— value 4950 dollars. Mr. Tustin, at Soho, has an extensive white smith shop. The whole number of hands employed is 45, and the value of work produced in all, 23,000 dollars. PITTSBUKO, 119 ^«-mti/b.— Of these there are four. They employ 10 hands, arid manufacture rifles generally, with or with- out percussion locks, said to be useful Silver-smiths.— There are 8 silver-smiths. 13 hands %^K^i%'''^ '" ^'^' ''"^ ^^^ ^^^"^ °^ manufactures about i^jOOO dollars. LEATHER. There are m Pittsburg and suburbs 9 tanneries, owned Ppfi ^f «^'"^ gentlemen: Messrs. Hays, Caldv^'ell, i [? m^'^'^P'''"' Brown, McCaddon, Bavard, Sample and Mcllhenny. 52 hands are employed, and 65,000 dol- lars worth of leather made per annum, 5^ac«d/enes.— Of these there are (hree, viz: Mr Little Messrs Hanson & Brice, and Messrs. Plummer & Co' In ail the establishments 104 hands are employed, and the annual value of thoir manufactures is about ^85,000 Shoe and Boot Makers.~ln this branch of business rmsburg IS very extensively engaged. There are 45 shoe and boot makers, who employ 225 hands, and ma- nufacture annually 95,000 dollars' worth of shoes and boots The value of shoes vended by merchants, aud at me shoe stores, m no way connected with their manufac- ture, IS about 35,000 dollars per annum. WOOD. Chair Makers.— 0£ these there are 8, whose products are of the most elegant kind— their ornamenting, parricu- larly being very creditable. 40 hands are employed and the value of work done per annum, about M 4 000 ' Cabinet Makers -There are 14 cabinet makers in the cny, who employ 65 hands, and make about 45,000 dol- lars worth per annum. Sending to the east for cabinet lurniture, as has been done, is absurd as well as ungener- where ^^^^ '^ ^"^"^^ *^ ^^^ ^" Philadelphia or else- Coach Makers— Of these there are but two.* !5 *No flse of CQaches to ride on the water. 120 PITTSBUIiG. '"^ hands employed— value of work 10,000 dollars annually. Wagon and Plough, Makers.— There sue 7: eiuploy 35 iiands, and manulaclure per year to the amount of 12,000 dollars. fVheel Wnghts-^0( these there a»e but 2, who make} spinwing-wheels, haiter's-blocks, &c. &c. Employ 1\ hands — value of work 3000 dollars per annum. Carpenters— Th^.-re are now upwards of 360. j Boat butlding.—Inl;h\s branch there are upwards of 140 |;ersons engaged in the various d'ovs h h.;:*idj;. Allegheny PflUery.-~Cov.duc\eAhy Mr. HeeVeswellei empiITTSBU11G. 125 with its head erect, as though it were looking earnestly at something, and thougji it was not an inch in length, it was perfect and entire, the ears, nose, and eyes were life itself They have introduced a new fashion of stamping fi- gures on the glass while it is warm, also moulding glass, which is done neatly in the same way metal is cast. I only visited Bakewell's and Robertson's — Mr. Robertson pursues the sanae way, and also engraves. He had some very handsome specimens of purple glass, and seems to vie with Bakewell & Co. in industry and skill in manufac- tory of white flint. But the quantity, variety, beauty and brilliancy of the endless piles of glass at Bakewell's, is the greatest show 1 ever saw. Every thing made of glass is found here— -and 1 would say, the patterns and clear- ness of the pieces, is equal, if not superior, to the Boston glass. It cannot be exceeded — one of the men who work- ed formerly at the Cambridge glass house, informed me, it was much superior in transparency and smoothness, but they did nbt make the pieces so thick as at Boston, to bear deeper cutting — herein,. he said, the Boston glass excelled. It is impossible, however, to decide wnthout comparing them both together— and the highest praise is alike due to both, and to say the least, both are an honor to our country. ^ I saw but iew of the proprietors of those numerous manufactories, viz, Messrs. JlPClurg^ Freeman and JUil- ler, one of the BakexcdVs. Mr. Gallagher, of one of the brass foundries, and the Messrs. Pattersons, copper foun- dries, two tinners, Adams of the Phoenix Cotton factory, ?ind H. lloidship, Esq. one of the most enterprising and wealthy men in Pittsburg, and amongst the most worthy of her citizens. Besides liis extensive paper manufacto- ry, already noticed in Pittsburg, he has a large book- store and pain'ingand piinling manufactory, where paper is painted for rooms, windows, &:c. This estaWishmenl is very profitable and furnishes ^ great extent of country. But Mr. Holdship's Clinton paper mill, (of which E shall speak hereafter,) at Stubcnville, is said to be the best as welt as tiie most extensive in the United States. He is *11 i 126 PITTSBURG. said to be immensely rich, and equalled in industry and application to business. This gentleman, an honor to his countiy, is of Ireland, though long a resident of the U. States. I certainly shall remember Mr. Holdship's kind- ness and hospitality, to my latest hour. Hearing I had (without knowing him from any other man,) visited his paper mill in Pittsburg, he very politely called on me, and his carriage and driver was at my service, during my visit to Pittsburg. This mark of respect, however, was general, as he makes it his peculiar care to attend to all strangers alike, and seems, if we except the Mayor and Mr. Echbaum, the only gentleman in Pittsburg; aware of this very acceptable point of ettiquet to a stranger. Be- loved and admired for his amiable manner, may he long be the pride oi Pittsburg. Not wishing to break in upon the manufactories; I now advert to the beautiful seat of Hon. James S. Stevenson, member of congress, on the bank of the smooth flowing Allegheny — this is the most delightful spot in Pittsburg or its vicinity. His house stands on an even plain at the extremity of the city, back from the street, upon a smooth lawn. I was on my way to the Phoenix factory, and being struck with the singular beauty of the situation, I turned into the gate, I knocked at the door, which was opened by a very genteel servant, who very politely invited me to walk in and be seated. I soon learned from him the name of the proprietor, who was then absent at Washington city attending to bis duties, or at least on his way thither. Mr. S. being a single man, there was no one about the house but servants. See- ing 1 was attracted by the interior, particularly the paintings, the servant with all the politeness of a courtier, took me through the house, the whole being furnished, with much taste and elegance. I merely suppose the mas- ter must be a gentleman from the deportment of his ser- vant, there being no better criterion to judge of a man than the quality of his servants.* A man who has any res- * I had the pleasure of seeing Hon. J. Stevenson since at Washing- ton city, and found my surprise confirmed by the elegance of his man- ners, and his gentleman-like deportment, and though a batchelor, is q[]i]ite a young man. PITTS BUUG. 127 pect for himself will not have an insolent servant about his house. The hand of taste was also visible in the de- coration of his gardens and lawns — nothing could equal the beauty of the trees which shaded the mansion. I mentioned the circumstance upon my return and ap- plauded Mr. S. for choosing to live a batchelor, "as the women are so much in love with the priests^ tracts, and missionaries now-a-days, that they were unworthy of any man of taste or merit," "Oh," said the ladies who were present, "it is really a shame for Mr. S. so well fixed as he is, to live single, it is really a shame." Good, let them take warning and not run after the black-coats. I must say, I give Mr. S. much credit for his good taste and wise resolution; it does him much honor, and hope that every one of those missionary madams may die old maids. Who would have such females but a missioaary, and even a missionary would not. From the same reason, I omitted to notice the view from the Phoenix Cotton factory. There are two large buildings occupied by the factory, one of these is a most splendid building, is adorned by a lofty cupola, from the top of which you have a grand view of the beautiful Al- legheny, the surrounding hills, and the adjacent villages, are all seen at once, every variety of smooth streams, wild woods, steep precipices, and fairy mountains — one of the most splendid displays of scenery to be met with. Mr. Adams, the only, proprietor I saw of the factory, appears to be a very amiable and interesting man. The Rolling mill of Dr. Shoenberger, already mention- ed, stands near the Phoenix factory, and though I had not the pleasure of seeing the Dr I found his manager, Mr. Blake, a very gentlemanly man and very communicative. On this tour I also met with Mr. David Agnew, a ve- ry pleasant and quite young, with an oval face, open s:ay tountenance and fair complexion. I ought to have noticed the White Lead manufactory •f Hon. J. Stevenson — I was told they would not sutfer any one to enter the enclosure where it is made, but tound Bo difficulty whatever, the men very readily admitted. 128 [fittsburg. me, but the process is so complicated, that I could not understand sufficiently to give an accuiate description; and the principal process i» kept a secret. Mr. Steven- son has also, recently established a manufactory fabricat- ed of iron, and said to be very important, conducted, by an Eng-lishman. My curiosity being awakened, from being told strangers were not admitted, that I made the attempt on my way to Di'. S's rolling mill. But my efforts were fruitless. I found the building just out of the hands of (he carpenters, the door was opcaed by a very stupid boy, and foudd myself in a pent up narrow passage, which en- circle«J another litteral house, inside of the other, 1 was met at the door by the mysterious mechanic, who saluted rather friendly, but with an air of great mystery and to come to the pointy is the greatest fool in Pittsburg, to be a wise mao. The poor ignoramus asked me, (orwould have done so, had 1 tarried long enougii,) an hundred questions, as it was, he only asked me about ninety- nine; and were I to judge, exclusively of his necromaiicy, which doubtless he prolesses, 1 should tiiink we had as wise men on this side of the water; and what effectually set me against him, was his gross blarotry. He set in for a two hours siege, at legist, to convince me that every body did not think alike on Christianity, that the sun shone on fair days, and such like sage remarks. I soon discov- ered his weak side; but he 'was. strong enough to keepmc from seeing any j)art of the machinery of the migiity mystery, which seemed to be enclosed in this house with- in a house, and now I think of it — it would be well enough to make search there for Morgan; one to ten, these wily Free Masous, have hugger muggered him in there, and clapped this Mr. Moonshine to watch him. I would advise my Ann Mason friends to search there, for I can assure tbsm there is something in the wind, or this house woukl not have arose iii the night. Perhaps Hon. S. has some distressed damsel confined there; at all events, I think it would be well enougti to have the matter investigated; we will have no secrets or secret holes and concerns in our country, particularly un- der the control of foreigners, and for ought I know, for- PITTSBURG. 129 eign courts. If I had had time, I should have had this son of wisdom arrested and sent back to whence he came, to try him as a socerer, conjurer, wizzard, &c. &c. and have turned out ihe fair daaisel, should there have been one confined there. Though not in the course of time, while speaking of Pittsburg, I have to notice the polite attention of two gen- tlemen of the city, who not having done so before, caiif d on me after I returced from an excursion to Steubenville, Ohio, and Wheeling", Va. I mean Dr. S. R. Holms and S. Merrit, Esq. These gentlemen, on the evening pre- ceding my departure from Pittsburg, upon my return to Washington, hearing I was about to leave the city finally, called on me at Mr Ramsay's tavern where I put up, and though the last to pay their respects, were not the least interesting gentlemen in Pittsburg — with warm hearts and the manners of gentlemen, each rank high in their respec- tive professions, and appear to be worthy the patronage of all good men. May they go on and prosper. I was also much gratified to meet with Mr. John S. Riddle, with whom I had the pleasure of travelling, some time back, in New York, when making the fashionable tour; he was accompanied by two handsome young ladies. I did not see the young ladies, and upon enquiry, regret to hear they are still single — a great want of taste in the young gentlemen, as they were quite interesting females. Mr. R. is a gentleman (a commission merchant in Pitts- burg,) of much elegance both in person and manners. WESTEEN PENITENTIARY. Before adverting to the history of Pittsburg, I notice the Penitentiary — superior to any building (as lo archi- tecture and convenience,) of the sort in the United States. It is in the town of Allegheny, which is just over the Al- legheny river, in sight and occupies a rising ground, which overlooks Pittsburg and its noble rivers, with an exten*. sive view of the surrounding country. Tins building is of dark free stone, in the form of a hexagon, with lour lofty towers, exclusive of which the building is three st4- 130 PITTSBURG. ries high besides the basement; it covers three acres oil 'ground, is one hundred and fifty feet front, thirty-one feetj back, whole length of the wall, including the fi'oat buildn ing twelve hundred feet in extent, and conlains 190 cells, 8 by 6 feet, and 8 in height. It cost $185000, and is be- yond question, the finest piece of masonry m the United States. Every part of the interior is like a palace, the cells were very neat, though I think without fire. A beautiful fountain flows in the yard, vyhich is hand- somely ornamented with parterres and gravel walks. — There were only torty prisoners, two of whom, were black women The sub-keeper Mr. Cockrao, only v/as, present, and very politely attended me round the building. And who would you suppose is head ke«;pei over tliosej unfortunates, who, let their crimes be what they may, are still men, no more nor less than a bighly charged blue-j stocking, and his wife the same; be was not there, though he receives a high salary for his services; doubtless he was scattering tracts, and scattering poverty and slavery through the country. I have no patience with what is called the fJw^Zis/i population of Pennsylvania. The great- est dupes in the world, to put these black coats in a'place of all others, that require humanity; I wculd much raihei appoint a he and she tyger, as they would put an end to the woes of these unfortunate men at once. The savage monsters who never breathed a warm breath of humani- ty, look at their savage countenance; are they fit to be trusted with power over human beings.? This barbarous female, I saw there, had the most ferocious aspect of the missionary tribe; how they served me, ought to opeoi the people's eyes: and at this moment they are forging and| propagating all manner of falsehood and slander agamst me, see the papers, the gospel papers, the vipers, is thatj religion.'' It is hoped the honest humane Germans next| legislature will banish these wolves from a place thati ought ever to be under the super-intendence of humanity.! Let them put in a good lionest German, who treats everyi thing that has life, with generous and kind u.sage, ex-i tends plenty and mildn- ss to the whole brute creation; these are the men to place in your prisons and jjoor iiousesj rrrTsiiUKCi. 131 V pu need never be afraid they will run after tracts pr starve he prisoners. HISTORY. The history of Pittsburg is distinguished by some of he most important events connected with the history of »ur country. It will be recollected that from the time North Ameri- a was discovered ty Sebastian Cabot, until the visit of Lmericus Vespucius, it was called JVewfoundland. It ben took the name America, until Sir Walter Raleigh, slanted a colony on the Virginia shore, when the whole puntry took the name of Virginia. ; From this period until the end of Braddock's war in fiQS, the French were either in possession or actually liid claim to all that extent of country from Hudson bay n the north, to the gulf of Mexico on the south!! This j'ar, however, stript them of all Canada ! great part of iouisiana, and the place now called Pittsburg. The first element of Pittsburg was about the year 1753 by the Tench, who built a fort there and called it Furt Du ,uesne, which they held five years. At the end of this time Gen. Forbes, the hero of Bloody un, was sent by the English to destroy it. The general )t thinking it ijecessaiy to march his whole army against » small a place, sent the famous Col. Grant with 800* coich Highlanders to destroy it. The colonel arrived with his men one evening upon the ip of the hill which bears bis name, fully determined to ke posst.ssion of the tort the next mornino-. In the nicantjme, he ojdered the reveille, a poor evi- 2nce of his colonelship in a savage warfare, the conse- icnce was what might be expected, the French and In- aus being aoc-uainted with the ground, issued from the Tt and ascendii.g the hills in his rear, fell on l)im sud- inly, and killed the most of his men, and took him pri- •nier. Gen. Forbes hearing tiie fate of Col. G. hastened the spot, but found the fort abandoned. He took pos- :ssi6nof it and built another fort of more strength, and 13^ PITTSBURG. called it Fort Pitt, in honor of Pitt, Earl of Chatham. At length it took the name of Pittsburg. I recollect well when it went by the name of Fort Pitt. Shortly after the British took possession of the place the Indian traders built a row of houses on the bank of the Allegheny, but being too near the margin, they were underminded by the river in time, and fell in, and no ves- tage of them remains. There are still, however, to be seen the remains of a magazine in Pittsburg, which with the fort, are said to have cost the British government 60.000 pounds sterling. There are also remains of the fort, both of which were built, (says the historian,) by Lord Stanwin. About the year 1760, a small town was built near Fort Pitt, wliich was peopled by about two hundred souls, but the Indian war breaking out in 1763, the inhabilaiits were compelled to fly to the foit, where they were bli ck- aded by the Indians, and must have perislud, had they not been relieved by Col. Bonquet and Capt. Barret. The settlement, however, waged a long and tierce war with the Indians after this, and suffered many privations. Finally, Fort Pitt became a manor of the Penn family, and Pittsburg was laid out into a town. It imp.-oved slow- ly however, until the year 1793, since which it has in- creased in wealth, commerce, and manufactures, almost beyond a parallel, and is said to have been, some years back, the seat of much taste, learning, and talent. But since the reign of terror or Presbyterian tyranny rather, every thing learned, dignified, or manly, has fallen before those all-devouring monsters! It was to be so! this will open the eyes of the people and teach them hereafter to be garded against priests of all sorts. It will teach them wliat they ought to have learned from history, that the clergy have always been foes to liberty, as to the tenets o!r pieiy of any of them, I neither meddle with nor care for. I would trust none of them with power — since I have been writing this article, I have heard the pleasing news that my favorite state, and not only my favorite state, (Penijsylvania,) but my favorite county of Lancaster, has begun the glorious work of putting those enemies of man- PITTSBURG. 133 kind down. They are precisely pursuing the measures I have for sometime sug;gested to the public, that of hold- ing meetings, and entering into resolutions to discounten- ance and discard those wolves in sheep's clothing from society. The measure is highly honorable to this noble state, firm, steady, and united, she will soon succeed in forcing them to become honest men or quit the country. Pennsylvania will receive the applause of succeeding ages tor the manly ground she has taken in defence of our civil and religious liberty, which is truly and really in danger from those hypocrits, as it once was under the British government, which I would by a long way prefer to a re- ligious government. Little doubt but the noble example of Pennsylvania, will be followed by other slates, 1 see the resolutions of Lancaster and Berks, are spreading over the whole country. Glory to the independent Ger- mans, these are the ignorant Dutch — did I not say they were the glory and strength of Pennsylvania.'' Success to them, but it is to their legislature they must look, and use all means to keep those enemies out of their state coun- sels. Their safety lies in making judicious elections. — Those abominable deceivers have been inadvertently suf- fered to creep into their legislatures, by which means they have got hold of all the seminaries of learning in the state, excepting the Bethlehem schools, by which means, learning is annihilated in the Pa. I cannot blame the people foV what has been done, as these wolves in dis- guise would have deceived Solomon. But now thpy have pulled off the mask, let them be banished from every seminary. I feel proud of the Germans for their manly independence — and they will find a mass of information I deposited in the hands of the school committee, of their legislature last winter, that thev cannot alter their sys- tem of education too soon; let them establish high, schools, or some uniform system by law, and exclude from them the clergy. I would, while on this subject, guard my country from another enemy m disguise, a Norih Carolina paper says, "Let us drop those parts in our declaration of , iiit)ppen- •ience wincii only tend to hurt the tieelings of our friends IS— Vol. II. 134 PlTTSliUUG'. over the water,'' or words to the same amount. This maOj be him who he may, is a traitor to his country, doubtless an Englishman. The words he alludes to, can otTend no honest Briton, though it may tend to throw us off our guard against thuse spies that overrun our country, »mug^ glers and book merchants. These it may offend, and our domestic traitors, but no friend to our laws and liberty, can take offence at one syllable in the declaration — no one respects an honest foreigner more than I do, an English gentleman particularly, nor is it those who make the re- quest, they bave too much honor to do so. I hope my countrymen, however, will guard against all her enemies, whether foreign or domestic. I had not intended to extend my travels west, farther than Pittsburg, but my Carlisle letter, made such a noise throughout the state, and revived the hopes of the iew friends of liberty in Pittsburg, that they tinding I struck terror into those blue-stockings, they pursuaded me to go and blow up the colleges of Cannonsburg and Wash- ington. The description they gave me of the clerical tyranny of those places, was terrifying, but for the sake of doing good, I undertook the visit, and wishing to recover a M. S. which had been lost five years (letters from Ala- bama,) which I understood was at Steubenville, Ohio, and wishing also to see Wheeling, all in a circle, but above all this, I longed once more to feast my eyes with the beautiful Ohio. I took my passage in a steamboat to Steubenville, only a few hours sail, by which means my journey by land would be much shortened in my intended visit to Washington, Pa. and Cannonsburg. Accordingly, accompanied by Mr. Holdship, his daugh- ter, aiid a few others, I took a tem[)ornry leave of Pitts- burg, and set sail, nothing fearing the mighty Cannon 01 Cannonsburg. The name of the boat, the Reindeer, Capt. Bennet, I shall ever remember Capt. Bennet. Having spent my early days in wilds untrod by polish- ed man, as h;:> would call himself I have often wonder- <»d why I should (Since mixing with the world,) be so C'if- OHIO RIVER. 135 ferently received by people of the same country, same town, nay the same family, if co-partners of a boat be one, ,now I am still but one and the same person, and they being more tlian one, the cause must lie between them to a certainty, for, did the cause lie with myself, (which I by no means wish to deny,) the conduct of these people towards me would be alike, thus 1 always reason with myself, and infer^ that these civilized men, are not all civilized— on the contrary, those who lay claitYi to the most, have the least of it and are a long way behind the savages in po- liteness and common civility. For instance, here are two men, co owners' of the Reindeer, one the most inter- esting of his sex, I mean Capt. Bennet, and the other a perfect wild beast, his looks made me shudder; if I re- collect his name was Crosby, a tall, gaunt, black gloomy, whose face never wore a smile, and whose countenance was vengeance, a blue stocking you are sure. I chided, (pointing to gloomy,) Capt. Bennet for uniting "with that man." OHIO RIVER. ^ >. , A number of steamboats were lying too at the sliore of the Monongahela, when we took passage, whose decks geemed alive with rough looking men,* The ladies' ca- bin being on the upper- deck, I stood on the portico to observe the motly crew which lay beneath, these upper- decks being much higher than the top of our largest boats in the east. They seemed to consist of degraded char- acters, (tbe effects of civilization to be sure,) and when we moved off from the shore, one fox-headed man put his head out of a window and addressing himself to me, said, "good by." The salutation was not returned of course, and aloft in air I waved my hand to my friends on shore, amongst whom 1 discovered the amiable Mr. Faris, whose soft beaming eye, methought was raised to Heaven for my safety, and insensible to every thing but the pleasure arising from hailing the queen of rivers!! We soon glided * This shore is pavjed with barrels for half a jnile.. 136 OHIO KIVEll. by O'Hara's glass house, Anchutz's smoking salt-works, and hamlets on our left, cliffs, white bridges, to which the bridges in the east bear no comparison in beauty. — They are low, flat, and without paint, but to see a bridge up in the air, white as the unsylled snow, with its grace- ful bends, nearly a mile in length, added to the rounding slopes, swelling fields, pointed hills, smooth valley's curl- ing smoke, and three noble rivers, would inspire any one with delight. But for one who has been separated from a beloved object, to meet these again, and greet in soft and silent sighs; I gave myself away to unspeakable rap- ture. All hail to thee thou beauteous river! Thy beau- ties are truly great, and must forever please. So peace- ful, so swift, yet smooth and still, my longing soul once more embrace thee. Heedless of thy matchless beauty, long mayest thou roll in defying pride, and may Adeona,* forevei preside over thy limpid bosom. The lofty trees on my right, soon caught my eye — the ridi alluvial bottoms, but it is vain to pourtray the surpass- ing beaufeliof this unyielding country, to understand it, it must be seen. When I used to stray on the shady banks of this beautiful river, I was insensible of its superior charms, nor is it in the power of any one to appreciate its beauties, who has seen no other .f The left shore of the river presented a rich soil, and some handsohie farms, but on the right, was distinguished by a rugged mountain, which drew close to the river, a road however, has been cut on the margin through rocks, and cliffs, over which we saw numbers of wagons tot- * Godess of voyages. 1 1 have been much gratified to hear that Hon.E. Everett, has taken a tour through the western country. To a gentleman of his taste and refinement, the tour must have been highly pleasing, nor was I less pleased to fiud his just and liberal remarks on a country sodear to me. But if Mr. E. found so much to admire in the soil, rivers and improve- ments of the western country, what must have been his feelings to- wards its generous and high-minded sops, who received him to their bosoms, and paid to him those honors he so justly merits. 1 am proud of my country, I am proud of Nashville, I am proud of the Yankees, each find I have not mis-represented either, and what is singular, of all towns, Boston and ISashvillc have been my ablest patrons. OHIO lavER. 137 tering along; now and then a hamlet, and sometimes a man,' other times a woman trudging on loot towards Pittsburg. We do not meet steamboats so often as on the Hudson, but the season of running was nearly over. When a per- son wishes to land in the eastern couHtry from the steam- boats, it is proclaimed aloud by the porters; for instance •when drawing near the place wliere any one is to land, the porters cry aloud, "Poughkeepsie baggage, Fishkili baggage," or as the case may be — the passengers then stand forth and point out their baggage, and the moment the boat stops the baggage is first taken out then the passen^ gers descend from the boat, the captain in the meantime \ standing at the gang-way; when all have landed^ the cap- tain a§ks aloud, "all ashore," one of the porters answer, "all ashore," then, and not' uniil this proclamation, the captain again speaks aloud to those who take passage from this place, "come aboard;" when they.^yith their baggage are all on board, the captain again speakS, "all aboard," "all aboard." This is the business of a minute, and were it not for their despatch, boats would be for- • evsr detanied. But this business, (at least on the Reindeer,) is nego- ciatefi privately between the parties in this country, and the first you know of a passenger landing, is the boat drawing up to the shore. Towards dark we passed a beautiful village called •ATsio Economy. I should have been pleased to have call- ed there, from the character 1 had received of the place. i This place is settlf^d by a society, vVho have every thing > in common, all work, and all come in for an equal share ,. of the profits, so says report; some speak well of the so- ciety, and others say they practice deceit and cunning, and first allures people to join them, and'then cheat them , out of any j)roperty they may have owned at tlie tiine of, ., joining, and defiaud them out of th.eir labour. Others say > they are a mild, humane^ honest, industrious and sober people, and disperse kindness and liospitality to all around thera. Mr. Holdship was amongst the number who spok« *12 138 OHIO RIVER. ' favorably of the society, whose word alone is a sufficient refutation of the slanderous reports respecting the society. ' But facts speak for themselves; the appearance of the village is the best evidence in its favor. They cannot be bad members of society, who are industrious and sober. Here is a neat new village consisting of elegant brick houses, which appears to have sprung up in one night. A handsome church, and a large cotton steam factory of one thousand spindles; a woollen factory, and various other manufactories are carried on here. People who evince such marks of industry and improvement, cannot deserve the name bestowed on them by their enemies, who are doubtless, the black-coats, who are only sorry they can- not finger the proceeds of their labor. It is an eternal slur on America, that this many mouthed monster — reli- . gious tyranny has been suffered to grow up amongst us, until, it threatens to swallow those who have fled it. Peo- ple ^j^f' America, Aiyill you not be wise? These few Ger- mans, (I think they are,) cannotinhabit their littlespot and eat* the labor of their own hands in peace. ' We were shortly after passing Economy, called to tea, which was well served up in neat china, by very atten- tive waiters. I ought to have mentioned dining, as we took dinner on board, and in both instances my friend Captain Bennet^ paid to me that attention which you never re- ceive from any other than a gentleman. The Reindeer makes her trip to Louisville in two days, if I am not mis- taken. Fare for cabin pass^^'iigers $18. Deck passengers ^5. Cabin passengers are -tbund of course. Deck passen- gers find themselves; and men and women are confined to the same place. Perfect order appears to be maintained, and the engin- eers are modest and respectful in their behaviour. All I can say of the boat, is that its machinery differs in every respect from the low pressure boats, and takes up a great deal more ^room. The boilers being in one place and the engine in another, and the greatest part of the en- gine lies flat upoiQ the floor, neither are enclosed as those are eastwardly; and the boilers instead of occupying the center, are aft at the extremity of the boat. 1 should only STEUBEN VILLE. 139 Raise a laugh to attempt a description of the machinery, as I do not know the name of a single particle about it- wish Walsh was here,or the Pink, orsomeother wise head, we might make it out between us. STEUBENVILLE, OHIO. It waa quite late, nearly 12 o'clock when we arrived at Steubenville, sixty miles from Pittsburg by water, thir- ty-eight by land. And on the bank of Ohio, I took leave of the noble Captain Bennet, who would not receive one cent for my fare, this certainly does honor to the man, and still more to my country. Very few passengers were in the Reindeer, it being late getting under way, the pas- sengers had taken another boat. ■ Mr. H. who first disposed of his daughter at a friend's, t^ok me to Mr Dorhman's tavern, and from that moment until I left Steubenville, I never found myself more at home. Mr. Holdship having an extensive manufactory at this place, Miss Holdship merely took an excursion with her father, and while he attends to his concern Miss H. amuses herself with those sprightly Yankees; while the wind blows the smoke out of her eyes. Then she returns vvith her father to Pittsburg. This young lady, (for she is very young,) I should have esteemed for the sake of her father and brother, whom I had. associated with during my visit in, Pittsburg, but'^much more from the sweetness of her manners, and the modesty of her attire and conversation. Her only fault, if it be one in a young lady, was her dif- fidence; and though doubtless, the greatest ornament of the sex, it deprived me of much anticipated pleasure. This modesty is peculiar to Mr. Holdship's family, his son, who is also a partner, is one of the most interesting young men in Pittsburg. Steubenville is a handsome town, the metropolis of Jef- ferson county, and very flourishing It is like Pittsburg the seat of industry and enterprise and contains several •very extensive manufactories. It i^its on a "beautiful pigin surrounded on all sides by an unbroken eminence, which 140 STEUBENVILLE. runs up to the river above and below the town forming a semicircle. The plain on which the town is built, is a black loam; most of the houses are of wood, though those on the principal street as well as the great factories are fine brick buildings. ' / ^ It is regularly laid out, the streets crossing at right an- gles. It contains a court-house, )ail, a bank, town-liouse, market house, four churches, two cotton manufactories, a paper manufactory, a woollen manufactory, and several air foundries, three thousand inhabitants. The greatest paper manufactory in the western country, is said to be in Steubenvilie But 1 should say it was superior to any ei- ther east or wesl, it certainly is superior to any 1 have seen, (and I have visited all the principal,) in the excel- lence of the machinery and quantity manufactured, from the coarsest, down to fine bank note paper, it far exceeds any thing of the sortin Pittsburg, or in the eastern states, the machinery particularly. The vats, all of copper, are the largest, and the whole of the establishment displays a degree of skill, neatness and industry, unrivalled. The engine is tliirty horse power; thf^ building is 150 by 35 feet. Capital |38,000. The name of the establishment is the '■'■Clinton Paper MiiV The following is'an extract of a letter from the bank note engravers in Philadelphia to a gentleman in Steubenvilie. "The paper is of good quality, and we have no doubt will wear well; it is similar to some we printed sometime ago for the bank of Pittsburg. From the competition which exists in this neighborhood, considerabte improvement,has been made in the manufacture of ihe article. We inclose a half sheet of a kind which has been esteemed the best by many banks in this quarter of the country. We, how- ever, do not think it better than that made at the Clinton mill — the latter affording a very gratifying evi ess elect, Hon. Judge J. li. Halcock, Hon. Judge Ja nes Wilson, Hon. Judge Tappen, and many other highly respectable men, have their residence in Steuben- ville Messrs. Wells, Dickinson & Co. I have mentioq- ed: but the moat singular character in Steubenville is Mr. Neef, a teacher of the famous Pestalozian System. Early on ihe day that succeeded my arrival, I address- ed a note to the Hon. J. M. Goodenow, with whom I had business In a very few minutes Mr. Goodenow ar- rived, and having often heard of each other, and had ex- changed a few letters, we had formed a mutual and fa- vorable opinion. On my part, I must say, Mr, G. rather exceeded the high exalted opinion I had formed of his politeness and generosity, and the factories being some distance from the tavern, he ordered a carriage and at- tended me to them all, which took up nearly the day; nor did he stop at this. His whole time was devoted to me while 1 remained in the town. Such men are an or- nament to any town or district they may honor with their residence. Politen^'ss to strangers is the true character- istic of a gentleman. Mr. G/'is a tall, slender man, and finely made. His a-ait is elastic and genteel; and his de- povtment manly, affable and gay; his features are good, and his countenance open and pleasing; his complexion is rather dark, and his eye small, keen, and searching, and I am muoh mistatcen if he does not bring much talent and information with him to Congress.* He is married * Sinc9 I had the pleasure to see this gentleman, 1 have seen the ablest, best illustration cf ma.sonry I have hitherto witnessed, con- tam-^J in his address before Steubenville L dgc, No. 46. VJr. G. ap- pears to have attained tjie inghest honors of ma«oni-ji and the intro- duction, address, and ihe vindicatioii of masonrj, which follows the address, are ritteu in a masterly style. The. closeness of argument and soundness of reasoning with respect to the Morgan affair, (tc which he adverts,) is upunswerable. '■ If Morgan wos killed, as it is stated," says Mr. G. "why was his book not destroyed? And if ihey, (the anti-masons,) have the secrets of masonry, why are they not satisfied with the great discovery." BTEUBENVILLE. 145 to the sister of the Hon. J. C. Wright, all Yankees. Mrs. G. and her brother are from Wethersfield, Conn, famous for its onions, and mentioned in the Bleck Book. 1 do not recollect the birth-place of Mr. G. but wherever it be, (some part of Connecticut,) she may be proud of her son. He has doubless decked masonry with a wreath that will bloom to the end of time. Mr. Wright was absent at Washington. He and Mr. Goodenow are opposed in politics — the first being an Adams man, and the latter for Gen. Jackson. Hon. J. M. Goodenow is by profession a lawyer, and lives in elegant style. I think he has no son, but has two very accomplished daughters, for their years, being quite young. The eldest was educated in Boston; of course, she has acquired all the graces of fashion and manners. She is a very pretty small girl, sings and plays well, and is in full possession of those fascinations common to Bos- ton ladies. It is needless to add that T might have spent my time, during my visit, at the house of Mr. G.* Mrs. Goodenow is a tall, accomplished female, but of delicate health. Her and I had a great laugh about the Jonathans and the onions. Unfortunately severat of the distinguished citizens were absent. I saw neither the Hon. Mr. Hallock, R. And wisely and logically proves that the Morgan excitement is a struggle for religious and political power; and compares it to old age struggling to recal the beauty and innocence of youth: "But which," says Mr. G. '' every day removes you farther from your object, which lies beyond a stream you connot pass." Speaking of the principles of Masonry, among others, we find tke following: " Its obligations are hoiy, and impose by the four-fold tie of interest, friendship, character and conscience, a solemn duty to relieve, protect, defend, and sustain the female hoxisehold ofabrother. " Nor is this duty a sleepmg trust: it is warm and active, as thou- sands can testify " [I can for one — in its widest latitutude I have ever found them trotfcers.} _But the whole is alike brilliant aodmas- i terly, and by far the best illustration of masonry I ever saw, if we it except the writer's actions, both as a man, a mason, and a gentleman. His title is "P. G. M. of Grand Lodge of Ohio, K. M. K. T." &c. •Through his means I recovered a Biaauacript which had been lost, aa I thought, forever. 13— Vol. 11. 146 STEUliJENVlLLE. Marsh, Esq, H. H. S^ tt, and others, before mention- ed. Judge Tappan is a Yankee, and a distant relation of the famous Priest Tappan, of Augusta, Maine, but as different from him as oil from vinegar, or noonday from midnight. The first being one of the most liberal, intel- ligent, and exemplary men to be found in our society, and forms a shining contrast to Parson Tappan, described in the second volume of the Black Book. He is polite and friendly, rather a light figure, of middle age, and a thin, pale face. He is the friend and patron of the cele- brated Neef, of whom 1 shall soon speak. Benjamin Tappan, Esq. if I do not mistake, is a bro- ther of the Judge, and alike entitled to the confidence and esteem of the liberal and refined. Hon. James Wil- son was aUnost the first person who called to pay me his respects — he was the first but one. He edits a paper in Steubenville, called the Steubenville Gazette, an Adams' paper. It is somewhat surprising that, in every part of the United States, 1 maintain an unbroken, and it would seem, an indissoluble friendship with the tvyo great con- tending parties. This is regarded as astonishing by some, and wonderful by all ! And I must confess 1 am astonish-? ied myself to hold so distinguished a place in the confi. dence, esteem and respect of -two parties, in many in- stances at dagger's points.* Nor have I any recollec- tion when or how this extraordinary fact came to pass. It must surely be ascribed to the novelty of my unpolisb*- ed manners; and, perhaps, an indiscriminate manner of exposing faults. "* , I ffcft proud, therefore, at receiving homage at the same time from Goodenow and Judge Wilson, one on my right and the other on my left. The Judge was much pleased to see me, inasmuch a.s I was the friend of Mr. Duane, of Philadelphia, his for- mer friend and patron.f * I, must except the Judge of the Pumpkin court. 1 1 find a note amongst my papers, which ought to have had a place in iY-p first volume of these travels, under the head of Philadelphia. It relatfis to Coi. Duane, and enumerates his literary and other avoca tious, viz. Editor of the Aurora from Oct. 1798, to Sept. 1822; wrote for it as STEUBENVILLl;. 147 It appears he learned the printing business with Mr* Duane, and expresses the highest veneration for his vir- tues and his talents. Judge wilson is a man of great size, a tall, manly figure, wi*th a round full face, and fine, full hazle eye; his countenance is cheerful and pleasing, and his manners gay, candid, and friendly; he resembles the Pennsylvanians in hospitality and the plainness of his de- portment, and appears to be a man of general iniormation. His family, as well as that of Mr. Goodenow's, were well educated, which corresponded with what I was told, that there were not many missionaries in the place. He had three pretty little twin daughters, that is, born at one birth, of about ten years of age, which resembled each other so exactly they could not be told apart — t*>ey are stout and well grown. I think Congress ought to give them a section of land and provide them husbands also. Besides these gentlemen, Mr. Turnbull, a book-sel- ler, is a very liberal, gentleman-like man, and every way worthy of liberal patronage. In short, the society of Steiibenville is in considerable advance, and bids fair to rival the first towns on the Ohio. Besides Judge Wilson's paper, there is another pub- lished in Steubenville, by J. M. Laird, Esq. a very inter- esting young nisn. He supported the election of General Jackson. The paper is ably edited, and some do sup- pose that Mr. Goodenow is the writer of much of the editorial matter. This paper is called "The Steubenville Republican Ledger." Nor must 1 overlook my friend, G. A. Dohrman, of the tavern, a man who richly deserves the patronage of the public, on many accounts Mr. D. is a gentleman by education and descent, having sprung from a noble Spanish family, of great wealth. His fa- ther or grand father, I am not sure, was amongst the a volunteer, in 1797; Epitome of Science— school book; Military Dictionary, 2 vols. 8vo; Infantry Sytem, 1 vol.; Hand Book, 1 vol.; Cavalry System, 1 vol.; Treatise on the Staff of Armies; Visit to Co- lombia; Manoeuvres; Pamphlets, political and moral; Several works in manuscript; Treatise on Usury, &c.; Treatise on Political Econo- my; Geography of South America; Gazetteer of South America^ A Historical Sketch of the foundation and policy of Colonies, &c. 148 STEUBEN VI LLE. number of those disinterested foreigners who, fired with the love of liberty, joined our troops in the revolutionary war, and served most of the time. , At the end of the war he received for his services a large portion of land:. but when his heirs came to take possession of the land, alter his decease, it was found not to be worth one cent! And after spending a large for- tune, and much hard service in defence of our liberty, his heirs were left to struggle with poverty ! Mr. D. however, is an enterprising, industrious man, and seems to be cheerful, independent, and happy; and as generous as a prince. I spent two days at his house, for which, and my stage-fare to Wheeling, he would not receive a cent , he being one of the proprietors. While Congress are granting relief to the revolutionary soldiers and their childreg, I should be pleased to hear they had remembered the children of this distinguished foreigner, particularly as it appears the country put a cheat upon him in the land. This is the country that says "We are so very, very honest and grateful." Mr. D. did not mention the subject to me himself— I had the particulars from Judge Wilson. So it appears, go where I will, I meet friends, except- ing one sect, of which I found two in Steubenville, by the name of Collier, I think a disgrace to the place. I also found a little trifling Yankee just from the sod, with a load of horn flints or wooden nutmegs,* I cannot tell which. He said he saw me at Dartmouth College. It appears that Mr. Jonathan is studying law — a hopeful lawyer he will make,fdoubtless. He came to the wrong place; and I advised him to stick to his old trade. • The Yankees, it appears, brought some wooden nutmegs into Pennsylvania, and an old German, who used to purchase of them an- nually, got sadly taken in towards the last. They brought him some mAde of maple, which being very hard to grate, the German exclaim- ed, (after exerting his strength in vain on the nutmeg,) " Dem dees Yankees da has chete me, da uze to pring de saf-woot<"nootmeg, put da mak urn zo hart now^me gant crate um no; naoreJ' ijl'EtJBENVlLLEi 149 MR. NEEF. But the most extraordinary man I met with in my tour was Mr. Neef, of the school ot Pestalozzi. Mr. NeeF is pretty well advanced in age, perhaps fifty years, though he is very stouf and active. As this new system of education seems to be gaining ground in our country, it may gratify the public to learn a few particulars of. the man, and his mode of teaching; which differs from all others practised in our country; and appears to be the best hitherto discovered. Mr. j Neef is a native of Switzerland, though he spent some, time in France previous to his arrival in America, He mentions Pestalozzi as an old man of Bern, at the foot of the Alps, in Switzerland — a man of learning and observation; and after considering the vices, follies, and miseries of man, after some — many years reflection upon the subject, he concluded they must flow, in a great measure, if not altogether, from an improper education; and finally formed a plan of his own. And, after com- batting the prejudices of the world for many year.'*, he at length established a school in his own neighborhood, and Mr. Neef was one of his pupils. The fame of his sys- tem extending to France, he was solicited to send a per- son skilled in his system thither, and Mr. Neef was the man selected In 1805, Wm. McClure, Esq. of Philadelphia,, and Mr. C. Cabel, a brother of the ex-governor oi Virginia, being in Europe, happened to visit Pestalozzi,t saw his system and admired it. When Mr. McClure returned to France, he sought for Mr. Neef, and finally persuaded him to come to the United States, where he has remain- ed ever since. But as I was but a short time in his (com- pany, and had so many things to ask, I did not inquire what had been his success; nor was I long enough in his school to enable me to give a satisfactory detfinition of the routine pursued by him. 1 saw enough, however, t* i Pestalozzi was a member of the Helretic Consulta, *13 150 STEUBEKVIllt^. perceive that the system differs from any extant, as the nrsf^ thing in other schools is the last in his, which is learning to read; nor does his system embrace our alpha- bet^or any alphabet whatever! and yet it is a system of complete education, and acquired in a very short time!! It has often struck me that the drudgeries imposed on children by delving at these letters, and a, b, ab's and' t, i, si's, &c, was h barbarous and round-a-bout way of acquiring knowledge, and as apt to make a foolish man pf ai wise child as a wise man of a foolish child; and since 1 have witnessed with my eyes and ears that small chil- dren have acquired the most useful and ornamental parts of education, without knowing a letter of our alphabet, it proves the justness of the hypothesis. I saw little gtrls, in Mr Neefs school, solve problems in mathema- tics, who did not know a letter, with the greatest facility! and who could not have been more than eight or nine years old at the extent. The Pestalozzian scheme supposes that man is essen- tially an active and sociable being. The effects of one man's activity must, of course, affect his fellow man; and if they do not benefit they must needs harm each other. That we ought to do no harm, but, on the contrary, do all the good we can, and make the best use of our capa- city. The scheme goes on to prove by what means we can produce happiness to ourselves and the greatest sum of good to our fellow creatures. The next thing is to qualify man to discharge these great virtures. Nothing new is taught by this system; but old things are taught in a new way. Every science taught in our first seminaries, is embraced in the Pesta- lozzian system. This scheme, however, in doing this, does not attempt to introduce any thing into the pupil; its object is to develope what is found in him; and ihe fundamental point being found out, or fixed upon, the teacher goes on, step by step, making every point of knowledge a step by which to acquire a new one; and by the known developments of the mind, the unknown and complicated are discovered, taking care to have on& 'iking perfect before proceedini; to another. In thi» 9TEUBENVILLE. 151 manner the pupil's faculties become unfolded, and, in the end, he finds himself qualified to be happy, and enabled to dispense happiness to all around him. And he is aston- ished to find himself an arithmetitian, a correct gramma- rian, mathematitian, chemist, natural and moral philoso- pher, profound in astronomy, geography^ ethics, &c &c. and all this without the help of the a, b, c,r which take up so great a part of other peoples' time. Mr. Neef follows the book of nature, and takes his scholars, as nearly as possible, of the same age — none under six, and none above eight. They all proceed to- gether, amd are of no more trouble than one child to the teacher, as they all learn the same thing at the same time; at least, such are my impressions. For instance, the teacher, speaking loud, tells them to draw a horizontal line, or, as the case may be; this is instantly dohe by the whole school upon a slate: as they do this they repeat aloud, '^ I draw horizontal line." The teacher then say» " Have you drawn your horizontal line ;" the pupils, speaking altogether, reply '^ yes, sir." It must appear strange that these sciences are taught without books, and to small children, to whom it is play, mere amusement; and yet, such is the ignorance and pre- judice of the world, that the system makes but little pro- gress. As to my part, I think the discovery amongst the greatest that was ever made either in ancient or modern times. Learning has always been the greatest difficulty and the greatest good to man; therefore, the easiest means to acquire the greatest good must finally prevail m all cases; and I have no doubt of living to see this system flourish. But many will wish to hear a more particular descrip- tion of the system. I cannot, though I at once saw through it myself, do the subject justice; yet, as 1 said at first, the teacher has no use for alphabets or books; he anni- hilates our grammar with a dash of his pencil, and makes himself merry with our numerical figures, and so of all our systems, and gravely asked whar books Cadoiut learned from, and whether Cadmus did not learn to write tong before he learned to read or spell. He has no mer- 152 STEUBEN VILLE. cy on spelling books, and contends, (which is most true,) that geometrical figures and drawing are more plain and simple than our alphabetical letters, and that the former preceded the latter. I observed his books and cabinets were nature. He makes a very liberal use of the works of nature in teach- ing, and first, after selecting any object, the human 'body for instance, he confines himself to the exterior. He be- gins with the whole, and descends from decomposition to decomposition, until the subject is exhausted; he makes this a general rule. This being done, serves as a double problem, viz- the pupil being shown an object, or a part of an object, he musi name it, and again he is called upon to show the object, or the part of an object. • The next stept is to determine the coherency, sub-or- dination, connection or relation between a part and the whole of any object. This operation enables a pupil to solve the next or the lollowing problems. Question by the teacher. What coherency orsubordin- tion is there between the nail on the fore finger of your righi hand and your body. Answer. The nail on the fore^finger of my right hand, is attached to the inferior phalanx of ihefoie-fingerofmy right hand, the inferior phalanx of ihe fore finger of my right hand, constitutes a pari of ihe fore-finger of my right hand. The fore finger of my right hand, is a part of my right hand; my riglit hand belongs to my superior right member or arm, and my superior right member or a»n, is attached to my body.* Thus he proceeds, step by step until he has unfolded all ihe works of nature, their qualities, fheir uses and sim- ilitudes B) which time the pupil's rational powers are thoroughly uniblded and prepared to develope other ^ruths. Thus they never read or look in a book until they Qjce able, not only to comprehend what they are to read, *It is understood that these members arc distinguished in the dp composition of the body. STEUBEN VILLE. 153 but to distinguish good from bad, truth from falsehood, reality from absurdity, &c. Instead of cyphering, Mr. N. teaches the power of combining numbers, for this, he uses any moveable thing, such as beans, marbles, pebbles, &c. and begins with one bean, and after adding another, he does not say twice one is two, as we do, but one time one bean, more one time one bean is equal lo two times one bean, thus he proceeds as far as ten. He then takes one bean or marble from the ten, and says, ten times one marble less one time, one marble are equal to nine times one marble. He often changes the things numbered to boards, peas, or any thing else. Thus the words one, two, &c. being immutable and the objects numbered, always changing, lays the foundation of abstract ideas of numbers in chil- dren This operation prepares the child for another, viz. he has a table which contains ten horizontal rows of rectan- gles, each row including also ten other rectangles, each rectangle in the first row, contains one space so as to be visible at a distance. In the second row» each rectangle contains two spaces, and each succeeding row contains one space more than the preceding, and the tenth and last row contains one hundred spaces. This table becomes a powerful engine in the system, and leads the pupil on to algebra, thence to geometry, and finally to the mathematics; while the pupil, recollect, is not more than seven, or perhaps eight years old. To give a succinct account of the management of these rows, spaces, and rectangles, would take up too much of my book, though 1 do not know that my object, which is to benefit mankind at large, could be better answered — I shall therefore give a few examples. The reader has perceived in the very outset with the beans, &c. it is began and carried on upon mathematical principles, or a correct system of reasoning. The utility of these marble operations is readily discovered when ap- plied to this table, they are applied in the abstract. Thus four times two more, five times two are equal to nine times two J and again, ten times three less four times 154 STEUBENVILLE. three, are six times three. This done, a new exercise arises by dividing nuts, peas, apples, &c. into equal parts, and to prove them equal, and their use in developing the human mind; they are thus applied: by looking on the first number of spaces included in the first rectangle of the second row of the table, as divided into two equal parts, and proclaim, one time one is the half part of one time two — two times one is one time two, &c. In the third row, the number three will be considered likewise as divided into three equal parts Thus, one time one, is one time the third part of one time three- two times one are two times third part of one time three; foiir times one, is one time. three more one time the third part of one time three, &c. After going through the table in this manner, the fol- lowing problems are resolved, to which the foregoing is the key: forty-seven times one are equal to how many times five, six, and seven? The exercise is then chang- ed from one shape to another, and some times inverted unlil it leaves the child at algebra. The last combina- tion of this exercise, the following: sixty-three are nine times seven, nine times seven are nine times the fourth part of four times seven; four times seven are twenty- eight, twenty-eight is four times five more three times the fifth part of one time five. The preceding exercise is fourfold, and enables the pu- pil to solve the following: three times the seventh part of twenty-eight are two times the ninth part of how many times th^ eleventh part of fifty-five, and expressed thus^ — ~— — ^ a most astonishing bight to be attained by a g g h ^ " . ^ , child of seven years old, who knows nothmg of letters • or cyphers, and while he was learning this he would not have got through his spelling book and his brains ad- dled into the bargain. It is hardly necessary to remark, that by this step the pupil enters the field of geometrical proportions. Eight successive exercises enables him to determine the fourth term of every geometrical proportion, the three first be- ing given*. STEUBENVILLE. 155 In all these and the succeeding, the hands, eyes, and tongues of the pupils, all move together, io that when one is perfect the whole is; while the teacher sits in his chair;* sometimes he will ask them questions untrue, pre- tendingly, the pupils instantly detect him, and, no sir, that is not so. Well, I declare, I beg pardon, I will be jiQore particular in time to come. They are all frolic and fun, the teacher Mr. Neef, plays with them as though he were one of ihem, and the children are much attached to him. He uses no whiping or cruelty in his school, on the contrary, he is jocular and facetious. After exercising his pupils until they are perfect in the preceding sciences, he teachers them drawing,- or in other words, the) teach themselves by imitating him. For in- stance, he says, I drew three horizontal lines and make it equal to the third on the table, they repeat the same. When they are perfect in this, he teaches them not to read and write, but to write and read together, as they learn to write they learn to read. This is also a new and unlhought of plan; he begins thus, what is the name of a tree that bears cherries.'' Answer. A cherry-tree. The art and use of coherrency is here introduced. — The aubwer being given, the teacher asks the pupil, what he did when he answered. Pupil. I spoke. Teack&r. Very well, but what did you, before you spoke. Pupil. I do not know. Teacher. Did you not think of something. Pupil. , Yes, 1 thought of trees and cherries and cher- ry-tret;s. 1 he&e questions give rise to the nature of ideas or thoughts, and forces the pupil, for the first time to see the necessity ot writing in order, to convey his thoughts to a person at a distance.f * Mr. Neef introduces tw6 other tables before he is done, coBsistiog of squares raoged upon a table, which enables the pupil to unrayel the (Koat intricate and difficult point. t He makes reading a consequence of writing. 166 steubenville. The profound reasoning which takes place after this discov.ery, embraces, nay it completely anatomises the organical parts of the human body, which are combined with sound, the tongue, the teeth, throat, glottis, gullet, ]ungs, palate, lips, nose, &c. For th? sounds of the human voice, he has entirely new lames, as he explodes the whole of our rowels and conso- nants, and proves them the silliest things in the world. — He says there are ten simple sounds in the human voice and we have but five vowels. To the articulations of .the human voice he gives the following nam^^'s: dento-lahial^ dento-lingual, palato-lingu- al, palato-somo-lingual, and others to the same effect. In a very short time, perhaps a day, the pupil learns to write and read. If Mr. Neef scatters our alphabet in the wind, he an- nihilates our grammar, and his pupils, who are perfect grammarians, not only teach themselves, but make their own grammar. He says our verbs are not verbs; in short, he tears up the whole of it root and branch, without much pity for the poor ams and haves who have to undergo so much hardship and toil as helping verbs. I cannot follow him, but give a few examples, and mast first observe, he has neither nouns or pronouns in his grammar, or one single article of what we call the parts of speech. He comprises grammar under three distinct heads, viz. Ideology, lexography, syntax, and as in all bis proceedings, the first question in other grammars is the last in his. Ideology contain his materials of speech, lexography dissects them, and syntax employs them. I am sorry I cannot either find room for, or sufficiently un- derstand this part of the Pestallozzi systemj as it has all the appearance of being the deepest and most useful part of science in the system. He says our verb, what is it, the word, to eat; he says, eat is a word, but he is witty «pon the neuter verbs, for instance, I march, you say gen- tlemen I march, is a neuter verb, and 1 love, denotes ac- tion, while I march, denotes neither action nor paii the field of this beautiful and unbounded science. — He remarks in the outset, that there are but too many people who know or pretend to know every thing in the world, except what lies under their own noses. He calls those walking dictionaries, and though they can tell at what hour the emperor of Japan rises, and at what hour he. goes to bed, what time of the day he dioes, &c. and every thing that passes in foreign countriea, and yet \$ ignorant that their next door neighhox is sick and in want (rf assistance. On the contfi^ary his pupils, to use his own emphaticaJ eiJ^pressioos, sh^U feRow what passes before their eyes, STEUBENVILLE. 159 and what concerns them and their neighbors. Takes na- ture for his book, and confines them to surrounding ob- jects, and every object is explained with great exactness. He first begins with water, and shows its uses to man and beast — next fire, and its powers in calcinating sub- stances, and transforming and reducing them. Thus he goes on, examining, observing them, describ- ing, and analyzing all the various earths and stones, salts, bitumens, metals, vegitables, trees, plants, quadrupeds, birds, worms, insects, and fishes: and makes excursions for the express purposes, some times altogether, and some times in parties, and after examining each collection by themselves; the whole squadron is then assembled in one room, and correction made if needful — no book. or author being consulted. In all these proceedings, he has but one vote. From' this he proceeds to classing, uses, specific weights; and from the superior skill of his pupils in cal- culating, they can ascertain the weight of an oak, ship, wall, &c. He has botanical gardens, and discovers the diseases and death of plants, and the whole kingdom of plants undergoes a thorough examination, and all their uses to mankind. Natural philosophy comes in after this. — In this part of education, he pursues-nearly the beaten tract, but with- out a book. Chemistry also, makes a part of his system, but he has no laboratory — he takes the kitchen for his laboratory, he remarks, what is very true, that cooks are the great)ist^ chemists we have, and his chemical operations are cac^ ried on before a common fire, and begins with snow, ice, or any solid body, and reasons upon the effects of cold and heat, evaporation, transformation, &c. also the effect of different substances upon each other, in their combina- tions, such for instance, as metals, oil, acids, acohol, salts, &c. In this study, 1 perceive, discoveries and illustra- tions of some of the common processes of chemistry for the first time. Gymnastics or exercises, is also a part of his system, and he indulges his pupils in the open air, at running 16© STEUBENVILLE. jumping, climbing, bathings swiming, summer and winter: to aid tbe extention of the bones and nerves of the chil- dren, and urges it as requisite to health, as air and sun- shine IS to the growing of plants. lie takes his pupils to an open plain, and ranges them at equal distances, and setting the example, he takes a lirm upright posture, which is the foundation of all their future movements; it is equal to, if not superior to a dan- cing school — when they have taken their position, he ex- plains to them, that every motion is composed of two distinct parts, performance and duration, and to hold out in any position, requires as much force as to take it. — Having taken his position, he begins to move, while the whole of the pupils imitate him at once upon the word of command, viz. Head forward, head backward, head right, left, &c. When the pupils have sufficiently practised all the graceful movements of the head, the motions of the body is then combined with that of the head — and the ex- ercises in this double movement, are extended to some length, until the pupil gains a complete command of him- self, and moves with ease and grace. The pupil next uses his members, arms, &c. with the same care until ihey are perfect in the whqle — they are then let into the secret of using these members, as means of supplying their waats, and defending themselves from enemies, should these rights be invaded. Mr. N. says, I know, that on this happy globe of ours, there are to be found monsters of every kind and discrip- tion, which go under the name of emperors, kings, des- pots, tyrants, crowned heads, domestic traitors, [true enough,] assassins, persecutors, robbers, murderers, and other but less ferocious wild beasts, and that we have those members and faculties to defend ourselves against all ene- mies. Some, says Mr. N. may blame me for inculcating those ideas, but 1 had no hand in making society what it is. I perceive, however, he is no admirer of standing ar- mies. His motto is, "Do not unto others that which thou wouldst not have done to thee." He opposes at all points a superfluous navy, unnecessary fortifications, national debts, permaneat taxes, and all such state machinery. — SffetfBENfVlLLE. 16i No such thing, said he, is necessary; history and my own experience, have too fully convinced me, that those very establishments are the harbingers of thraldom, that they are just as compatible with real freedom, as conscious- ness of guilt is compatible with a good conscience, and means only, that every freeman ought to be capable of acting efficiently in defence of his country. His scheme however, appears oiily to extend to the health of the body, sanity of the mind, and purity of the heart. He therefore, amuses his pupils wnth military evolutions, and first begins with platoons, and when per- fect in these, divides them into squads, and a severe dis- cipline is then introduced: they have arms and practise at the target until they are complete marksmen, or as he terms it, the best in the world. The eotrenchment or redoubts follow, or make a part of the discipline, w^hich their knowledge of geometry enables them to construct. He said, (humorously,) that nothing but the want of cannon will prevent his pupils from becoming artillerists, and the want of horses, from becoming horsemen. Though a proficient in all the ancient and most of the modern, he does not seem to be a warm advocate of the dead languages; he thinks it a useless waste of time, and gives unanswerable reasons why tiiey are totally useless; yet he teaches Latin, Greek, and Frencti, the latter very differently from the other teachers. Geography is embraced in the system, and he seems fa- voralle towards poetry, and very partial to music, itryHiich science he appears to combine in his own person, every thing which has been discovered, said, set, composed, or sung since its origin; and though his soul seems on fire at the sound of music, he rejects the common track. I per- ceive this to be peculiar to Mr. Neef, he discovers a profound knowledge of every science and language, yet rejects the whole manner of instructing youth, by all teachers, and proves to demonstration,, that our whole structure of education is radically wrong, and in every branch of his system, he commences as though he were the first in the world to frame a svstem, going back t?> *14 162 ^TEUfiENVlLLE. the earliejst ages; he improves by their errors, and clearly points them out. The system pursued before Pestalozzi, was doubtless, the best that weak inexperienced man could devise, but this is no reason why a better should not be substituted in its room, and that the Pestalozzi system taught by Mr Neef, is superior to any system hitherto discovered, there is no question. It is self-evi- dent, from the surprising facility with which his efforts have been crowned in teaching mere children, what it would take twenty years to learn the old way, and per- haps 1 might with propriety add, no student ever attain- ed the same degree of knowledge, whereby he is fitted to enjoy happiness and confer it upon others. A gentleman in Steubenville waited upon me to the school-room. 1 found it so crowded I could scarcely get in, and with difficulty procured a seat. Mr. Neef was sitting near the door with his profile toward me, very busi- ly engaged, and paid no more attention to me than if I were a fly or a gnat — he never turned his head, bowed or took the least notice of me, whatever. This 1 learned after- wards, is his uniform practice, no matter who enters his school. It appears reasonable, as his pupils, agreeably to him, would have to imitate him. He had a large table hefore him, and little girls and boys sitting around it, and others behind them. When I entered the pupils appear- ed to be leartiing music, but being intirely taken by sur- prise, -dndtJhsfving no conception of his method at the time, it might have been some other part of his system. His countenance was pleasant, and his eye was studious- ly bent upon the hindmost row of the boys, it being un- derstood that the boys were on one side and the girls on the other, face to face. The boys were also smiling, par- ticularly when they would make a mistake. He would chide them for laughing in perfect good humor; now what do you see to laugh at. They would proceed al- together. He would repeat, one, two, three, four, five, very loud and all upon one key; when he stopped the pu- pils would take up the same key or tone, and repeat la la. as often as the master repeated the numbers — when they STEUBENVILLE. 165 were done, he repeated the same thing, and was followed by the pupils as at first. He continued at this for some time, when they com- menced another lesson on their slates in geometry. The master always speaking first; I draw my upright or par- allel, or as the case may be, they follow him — all speak and using the pencil iit the same time — after the figure is completed; have you all done, yes sir, all replied. So they continued without ceasing, while I remained in the school, but not one of them took notice of me — some of the children might have been ten years old, and all seemed to proceed as though they were at play. It drawing near night, I withdrew to Judge Tappan's, a few paces only from the school, and in a sliort time Mr. Neef entered the parlor with several of the judge's children, boys and girls. It was then, I perceived the superiority of the Pestalozzi system. Upon being introduced to those children, they saluted, looked, spoke, and acted different from any chil- dren I had hitherto seen. The most accomplished gen- tleman had not more easy grace or intelligence, in their looks or manners. But the most striking trait, was their unequalled, chaste, warm, and genuine friendship; they appeared to be the most kind and hospitable little beings in the world, and have no equals in conversation or po- liteness. Mr. Neef was polite, lively, gay and facetious, and having understood, I was opposed to the 'mis8i<)naries^ he joined me with much cordialit}^, and said they were, also great enemies of his. Mr. N. is almost, if not alto- gether, the only peison at least, that I have met with, who displays the same independence on the subject of this religious tyranny and pviest-craft. They will certainly oppose him, as his system will soon put an end to their impositions. I should rejoice to see a school of this dis- cription in every county, town, and city in the union. — Mr. Neef is of middle height, rather heavy, plainly dress- ed in a grey surtout, his hair cut, thoUr;h not short, pro- i fuse and lay in clusters over his forehead, his face was ', round and well featured, and his eye and countenance of the true Swiss independence. 164 JOURNEY TO WHEELING. JOURNEY TO WHEELING. On the 17th December, I left Steuben ville for Wheel- ing in the stag^e, the steamboat having passed in the night. We crossed the Ohio at Steubenville, and went down on the Virginia shore. The day was very cold, and no passengers except a little boy, we were sadly jolted, the road being rough and hard frozen. The Ohio river however, with its wont- ed radiance, cheered my spirits and sweetened all my toil. Its smooth glossy bosom filled my soul with trans- port, and imparted an unspeakable charm to the heart. — The tall siraight trees, added no little to tjie grandeur of the scene, and transported me out of myself. I dreaded the moment when night would shut out the beauly of the scene. It was dark when we arrived at Wheeling. I had heard Miss Frances Wright was lecturing at Wheeling, before I left Pittsburg, and I hoped to have met with this celebrated female at that town: and almost the first thing I said, after entering the tavern, was lo in- quire whether site had left Wheeling'^ i was told she had. I observed, I was very sorry, as I was anxious to see her, and remarked, T understood, she was vejy populai-, she is very popular amongst the gentlemen; replied a woman, who sat rather behind ine, in a very tart voice: she is not respected amongst the ladies, none of them admit her'in- to their company Whene\ er you hear these bitter re- marks made by a female against her own sex, you may setjilovvn two admitted facts, viz. that the female who makes them, is a bad womwn in any sense you please, and the female of whom they are made, a- good woman. Fiom Miss Wright's wrighiings, I had at first formed an exalted Opinion of her talents, but now when I saw her ihe object of bitterness and envy, I was confirmed in my opinion; I made nearly the same remark ^o the woman, who, no doubt, assumed a title of which she was unworthy, that of being a lady. Whenever you hear a female speak of her owii sex in this manner, you cannot mistake her real WHEELING. 10-5 character, any more than the character of the object of her envy. This was not the lady of the house, but some visitor, and a true missionary — I began to tremble for Wheeling. Miss Wright had left Wheeling about two days, after lecturing several nights to crowded houses, and made, as 1 understood, several converts. I saw just such another remark, at least it contained as much gall, by the translator of the travels of the Duke of Saxe Weimer. He, like myselt, was anxious to see Miss W. and as well as I recollect, was disappointed. He mentions her in his travels, and rather in respectful terms. When the translator comes to this part of the duke's travels, he says, ''Mis? Wright is a woman who travels alone, very little respected, but by a certain class," or words to that amount, "and writes and speaks against re- ligion." And what does he do? — does he give an evidence of religion, except the religion of tracts, in slandering a woman.? What if Miss Wright did travel alone? What had she to fear amongst such godly people? are they not gospel spreaders, and about to convert all the heathen on the globe? This missionary, as he doubtless is, by his charitable remarks, would take a different step from Miss W. he would not travel alone, nor would any of his sis- ter missionaries, though they are all so holy. Suppose Miss Wright had travelled in company with a gentleman; would this have silenced their slanderous tongues? I fan- cy not; this is one sure mark of the hypocrasy of these people, I mean that of slandering their neighbors — it is a sure mark of the vileness of the one, as it is of the merit of the other. I had still one solace left, and concluding I might still have the good fortune to overtake Miss W. as she was before me I sent for Dr. Oaf, an old and respectable acquaintance whom I knew lived in Wheeling. In a very short time the Doctor came, and though it had been some years since I bad seen him he was little altered, 166 WHEELING. Though I had spent some years in West Virginia, I had never been up the Ohio a? far as Wheeling — my plea- sure, therefore, at meeting with an old acquaintance in a strange place, may well be imagined. The doctor is one of your liberal men, and hates tlie missionaries, and though he and I used to kick up a dust about our gardens, (as we joined fences,) when we lived next door, it was all for- gotten, and we laughed our old quarrels over about the pigs and the chickens. Dr. Oaf, however, is an amiable man, well informed, lively, and sociable, and beguiled me of many a laugh, while I remained in Wheeling; and for the hundredth time related the old anecdote of Col. Ruffner and the hog, which had now become new to me, at least. For be it known, other people had pigs as well as I, and the moment I saw iie doctor, I thought of the anecdote — and by way of antidote for the remarks of the snarling old maid, as I suspect she was, we have the anecdote as follows: Besides my pigs there was a large grown hog that baffled all the doctor's skill, she jumped equal to a deer, and let him fasten the gate as he could, the hog would be in the garden in spite of hira; sometimes the doctor would set up the whole night to save his fine melons, as this learned pig prefered them to all other vegetables — he would have killed the pig and paid the owner an equivalent, but he was unable to dis- cover the owner. One evening. Col. Ruffner, the great salt-works own- er, happened to call in. The colonel lived within half a mile of Charleston, the doctor's residence at the time, which IS on the Kenhawa river. He related the circum- stance of the hog's trespassing, and asked the colonel's advice on the subject. Oh, said the colonel, I will put you upon a plan that will rid you of her forever, catch her with your dogs, and get a sharp knife, and slit lier feet an inch or two, exactly in the middle where the hoof parts, and I will engage she will never get in your garden again. The colonel was a magistrate and an elder in the church be- sides, but there were no missionaries in those days. A (ew evenings afterwards, the hog paid a visit to the melons again, and the doctor caught her with his, dogs. Wheeling. 167 and went to work with his knife, and just as he had split the two fore-feet; who should step up, but the coionel. All, I see you are u})on the right plan, that is the way.— The doctor split the other two feet, but instead ol one or two inches, he split them beiwetn three and tour, and let the hog go, but lo! she fell down, being unable to walk at all. Confound it you cut too deep, said the coloiielj as he stepped up to examine the operation, why let me see; looking at the mark; if it is not my preeden sow, (he was a German,) Cod pless me, [ would not take $20 for her ! Being dark, I was unable to see the town until the next mornmg, and after tea I retired. Wheeling is a very handsome town, situated on the bank of the Ohio river, and has considerable trade. Like Pittsburg and Steubenville, it is surrounded with hills of coal, and is deeply engaged in manufactures. It is built on Wheeling creek, from which it takes its name, a romantic stream, with a high perpendicular shore of rough wild rocks, and the town is environed with hills, which are clothed with lofty majestic trees to thtir sum- mit; in these hills lie the wealth of Wheeling, being solid masses of coal. They differ however, from the hills of Pittsburg, as they are fertile and susceptible of cultiva- tion. Wheeling is regularly laid out, and the buildings arc large but not sliowy. The public buildings are a Presbyterian church; Epis- copal do., Methodist do., Catholic do., all brick. A Lancastrian academy, a handsome brick building, erected and supported by a fund left by the late Noak Lindsey, Esq. a Yankee lawyer, who lived and died in this place, and a better man never breathed, ordered, it is said, in any plan. A Masonic hall , a handsome brick ; two master Masonic lodges, and one royal arch Chapter. A stone court-house, a brick gaol; markiiet-'house and council chamber. Two circulating Libraries. Population 4,500, and rapidly increasing^. 168 WHEELING. There are also, three air foundries, one woollen manu- factory, one glass manufactory, two cotton manufactories, three carpet manufactories, one copperas manufactory, a brewery, &c. &c. WHEfiLING MANUFACTURING COMPANY. Messrs. Shriver, Wood, and Co. owns the American S'feam Foundry of forty horse power, and appears to be superior to any I have seen, in expedition at least. It fin* ishes a steam engine of one hundred horse power, in from three to four weeks! Every description of machinery made of iron, is done at this foundry in a style of excel- lence and strength equal, if not superior, to any cast in the western country. It consumes 200 tons of pig and bar iron annually. This foundry is supplied with water from the Ohio, which is conveyed thiough iron pipes, from which it is contemplated to supply the town with water. PHCENIX FOUNDRY. Owned by Mr. Cooper, makes small castings, from 50 to 75 tons per annum, of a superior quality. UNION FOUNDRY, The property of Messrs. Scott, Pollock, & Co. is a new and extensive establishment, and the castings made at this foundry are in great demand. It is in south Wheel- ing. WOOLLEN MANUFACTORY, Is owned by Messrs. Prescot and Co. manufactures 60,000 pounds of wool annually, in broadcloths, flannels, blankets, and carpets. Employs 80 hands. WHEHLIKC;. 169 WHEELING GLASS FACTORY, Is the property of Messrs. Knox and M'Kee. Amount manufactured annually, |2,400. COTTON MANUFACTORIES. I saw but one; the property of an extensive company, has 1500 spindles; manufactures 360 bales of cotton an- nually. No cloth is made here, they sell the yarn faster than it can be spun. Annual sales of spun cotton amount to |34,000. Capital invested, |35,000. So that more force is wanted here. CARPETING. Some of the best carpetings are manufaeturpd in Wheel- ing, in the United States, or perhaps superior. This busi- ness is carried on to a great extent, and employs a num- ber of hands. The colors are bright and lasting, and the texture equal to any imported. WHEELING BREWERY, Is the most extensive I have met with in my travels. It is the property of Henry Moore, Esq. The building is 100 feet by 50, and strongly built of brick and stone. Makes 225 barrels of prime breer, and 200 of porter, annually; which consumes 8,000 bushels of barley and 7,000 pounds of hops. The capital invested is ij^8,000. There are also, a large steam grist and saw mill in Wheeling. All the machinery for those manufactories and many others, is made on the spot. Besides those great machineries, there are first A SADDLETREE MANUFACTORY. This is a very important establishment, and is the pro- perty of D Murray and Sons. Amount manufactured an- nually |6,250. 15~Vo]. II. 170 WHEEL1N(;. WIRE MANUFACTORY, Owned by Messrs. Mathers and Son. Amount manufac- tured annually is $4,500. TWO OIL PRESSES, The property of John Dix, Esq. Value of oil (cold pressed castoi,) made annually is $8,000 Theb( ans from which the oil is made are reared in the neighborhood. LABORATORY. This is the property of Dr. Hornbrook, and employs, from 10 to 12 hands. The doctor manufactures weekly, to the aoiount of $8,000 worth of copperas and alum, be- sides spirits of nitre, (dulce,) spirits of vitrol, varnish, &c. Besides these, there are various other manufactories in Wheeling, such as hatters, cabinet makers, coppersmiths, &c. &c. ' . Every branch of business in Wheeling is carried on to greater perfection, than in any of the great workshops, as these towns are called, in the western country. All the work is neatly finished and substantially macl^, I saw . the neatest and best finished chairs in Wheeliag, the man- ufacture of that place, of any in the Union. Thus goes on the west. Their soil rich, coal and iron, at their doors; their climate healthy, air pure, water fine; their citizens enterprising and industrious, plain^^n^epen- dent, and persevering; navigation at their doorsiAJ'^I see nothing under Heaven to prevent them from being the happiest people on earth, but the growth of missionaries. All these towns, but particularly Wheeling, is a most delicious spot. What do they want? and yet this delight- ful spot is cursed with the worst of all curses, the mis- sionaries! lamentable! that people in their senses, men of understanding, and particularly those opposed to this rob- bei J, do not exert themselves to expel those enemies trom amongst them. Here is a town, teeming with every beau- WHEELING. \ 171 ty and blessing, and the whole wearing a cloud of sable blackness; the lookof the women would freeze the blood of a pirate. In the very place, where we ought to find the last touches of every cha;'m, we find the death heads. I would rather find a thousand stinking skulls, than to find my sex, instead of imparting life and joy, and smiles to all around her, and ravishing sour senses, by the sweetness of her voice, and stealing our hearts by her kindness; erect her snaky (just received another sweet gospel spreading letter from Baltimore; put me in the right hu- mor, nothing like a spur of some sort,) front and hiss, and writhe, and sink her envenomed fang with deadly aim in- to her female neighbor's reputation — gracious powers! one should think shame would arrest their tongues, as every gentleman at least, know that none but exceptiona- ble females ever say ought against her sex, and no matter how vile men are, they »re never made the object of their ill-nature, nor do gentlemen, at all, associate with them. No gentleman goes to these niglit meetings or Sunday schools; none but coarse, raw, awkward, ignorant young men go to these places. "The action with the music suits: So Orpheus fiddled, and so danced the brutes." I can keep no measure with those women, a literal curse wherever they are, a chilling gloom overspreads their countenance, and taints the very atmosphere with hideous- »s. The damp my spirits received from the religious female upon the night of my arrival, was such, that I was unable to shake it off while I tarried in the town; and most of the females were of the same stamp. 1 met with a very engaging Boston lady at the tavern where I put up; this was Mrs. Petteson, a very amiable female, and abhors this missionary mania, as much as any one can do. My landlady was also, a very amiable female. Many of the gentlemen, were likewise intelligent and liberal minded, though, doubtless, as in all other places, they are under the influence of their wives. 172 WHEELING. I found the people of Steubenvilie much less iufecled by priest-craft than Wheeling. My friend Dr. Oaf is proprietor of* the theatre, but, meets with much opposition from these religious hypor crites, who wish to tyranise over the world, and suppress every thing: that does not put money in their own pockets, or that tends in the least to improve, amuse, or instruct mankind. Had it not been for theatres the world would still be groping in the dark. Which is the greater evil, to receive amusement and instruction from a well repre- sented play, or to dupe ihe ignorant and unguarded out of their money, and plunge them into ignorance by stuffing them with tracts, and alluring females to follow them night and day, to the injury of their health, reputation and fortune.'' When American women were kind and hos- pitable, a few years back, there were no such thing as night meetings, or tract or bible societies; every female was found at home, attending to her household affairs; and if an unfortunate fellow creature came to the door he was invited in, and his wants relieved. But now, al- though they are gadding to church two thirds of the time, they would just as soon give him a broken leg or a bro- ken head as a piece of bread. These are the people who object to theatres. There is no place where you can receive more' instruction than at a theatre, if properly conducted. It is nothing more than a mirror which re- flects the vices and follies of the age; showing folly its end, and virtue its reward in a well represented play. But this is the reign of terror and of priests. I found several enlightened Yankees in Wheeling, but they are not able to stem the tide of ignordnce. I find education in the hands of Presbyterians here, as in moat other places. Strange infatuation of our people, not to see and prevent this greatest of all curses — a total sup- pression of useful knowledge, by letting this dangerous; and designing sect ruin the youth of our country. This may truly be called the dark age of America. Mr William Petuson, the husband of the lady men- tioned, and counsellor Nelson were both Yankees, and clung to me during my visit to Wheeling. Had it not WHEELING. 173 been for the polite attention of these gentlemen I should have found some difficulty in searching out the.infonna- tion under the head of Wheeling. Dr. Oaf, as the smallpox was then raging in Wheelir.g, was constantly engaged m his professional business-,* and, of course it was not in his power to pay that attention to me he otherwise undoubtedly would. Mr. P. is rather a young man, of good size, and genleel in his manners, learned and intelligent. He is the soul of kindness and true Yankee hospitalify. Nearly his whole time was devoted to me; and to his politeness I am prin- cipally indebted for many of the particulars on the subject of Wheeling. Morgan Nelson is an eminent lawyer, and though a Yankee, I am unable to say which of the New England S^ateij has the honor of .his birth. He is of middie age, arid rather over the common size; an erect, good figure; fair complexion, of very engaging manners, and one of the most intelligent faces in the world. Morris W. Chaplm, Esq. likewise ranks high at«the bar. He is, if I recollect, a Virginian — a tall imposing tigure, with a fair, round, full face, fine blue eyes, and gay open countenance. Every part of the human body contributes more or less to express the indications and properties oi the mind, but more particularly the face. Nature, ever consistent with herself, will speak in the countenance, and with more eloquence than words can utter. I have more than an hundred times, since I began to travel, paid very little attention to the language of a man, but a great deal to his countenance, as nature forms us first within for every part of her plan; and by watch- ing the countenance narrowlyj when addressing a man, you have a more accurate knowledge of what passes with- in than by attending to his language. At first sight, there- fore, I conceived a favorable opinion of Mr. C. though he was busily engaged in writing when I entered his of- fice, and scarcely took time to salute me. His manners * 1 ought to have mentioned that the smaJlpox wm also raging at Pittsbnrg. *15 174 WHEELING^ are mild, friendly and polite, mixed with that sort of el- egance and ease which indicate a highly improved mind. Besides these gentlemen, Wheeling boasts of Messrs, Jacobs, Whitehead, and several others, members of the bar, whom I did not see. I suspect these were blueskins, and kept out of my sight — the wisest plan. Mr. Focet, a wealthy and independent merchant, was a convert of Miss Wright; or rather maintained the same principles, which goes the same length that I do against the imposition of priests; at least, those who make a tra- fic of the gospel, and corrupt our women. Both he and Miss W., however go much farther than I do; but they are people of science and learning, and perhaps can see further than I can. I have nothing to do with science or disputation, and abjure all sorts of religious arguments, for this good reason, I do not understand it. And though I do not know what religion is, (i mean the Christian re- ligion,) I know what it is not. I know that it cannot con- sist of falsehood and robbery under pretence of convert- ing the heathen. It cannot consist in slandering and in cruelty. It cannot consist in money. It cannot consist in feathers and flowers, and all the pride and profligacy which mark its possessors. It cannot consist in superb churches and show. It cannot consist of Tracts and Sun- day schools, as Christ its head, never said a word about either. Therefore, so far as Miss Wright goes against these things I am with her.* Mr. F. spoke in the highest terms of Miss Wright, and' being a great admirer of her himself, he inspired me with very exalted sentiments in her favor, and I regretted exceedingly not having seen her. I understand she is a tall, elegant woman, of fine talents, and much independence. It is certainly honorable to the sex that one of them, at least, has had the spirit to resist the daring impudence of these gospel spreaders, and to expose their impositions on the sex. Their influence over women is truly alarm- * Miss Wright, in one of her remarks, gives these love-lady priests a good hit. She told them, "Christ said he would make them fishers dtf men, but they had become fishers of vromen." • WHEELING. 175 lag. Never, in any age, were women so degraded, and I may say men loo; as they have completely established their power over the one through the other; and this' state of things cannot be changed but by enlightening the people, and this requires time. Unless sonie very deci- sive measures are taken to arrest this dreadful monster there is but little prospect of a speedy deliverance, » The present alarming situation of our country, from religious tyranny, has driven E^jiscopalians, Methodists, Baptists, &c. into the same absurdity; and as there is but one way to establish tyranny, viz. falsehood and de- ceit, the whole of these sects, from mutual fear of each other, mutual depravity, and a total prostration of virtue, have thrown off the very last semblance of decency, and are ail alike hostile to our safety; and, like a swoollea river, threatens our whole country with destruction. They are alike barbarous and harol-hearted to the poor, avaricious and greedy for money, mean and perfidious in laying schemes to acquire it, and uniform in seizing upon the passions of ignorant women. Each has the same end in view, which is universal dominion; which, by surprise or stratagem, they are bent upon; and he man or wo- man who has the patriotism and courage to meet this hi- deous monster, and at least keep it at bay a little longer, deserves eternal renown. I think it no wonder that Miss W. should not believe in the truth of the Christian religion when she has such undeniable evidence of the vileness of its professors. In- stead of attempting to convert her, as that is their ob- ject they say to convert the heathen and infidel, they heap all manner of slander and vile language upon her, and are continually sending her letters filled with ."b- scenity and billingsgate. I suppose they learn this in the Bible. ■ I have a guess what kind of letters Miss W. receives, from what 1 received mysell': doubtless such as I receiv- ed from Carlisle and Pittsburg I challenge these re- ligious hyocrites to come forward and show in what part of the Bible they learn this infamous practice. I insist upon an answer, and shall consider them as hypocritical 176 WHEELING. knaves and slanderers unless they point me to the chap- ter and verse. Now, they have loaded Miss VV aud myself with obscene letters, thai no inmate of a broihel would write. I have a few of them now, widi the hand- some pictures. They are said to be in tlie hand writing of women. I suspect these pious missionaries give these gadders a few lessons in drawing from the original. I cannot say whether the specimens in my possession are well or ill drawn; but I can say that if such is the christ- ian religion Miss Wright is not to be blamed for raising her voice against it. And, as tor myself, I can say, tijat I have never seen any action of these missionaries but what would disgrace a Turk. The whole community cannot too soon unite against them See the degraded state of our funds. How lon<; can our country stand at thi.s rate.'' And, all those abominable women are perfect tyrants over tlieir husbaads. Mr. Focet is a very amiable man, and highly respect- ed, and iias that kind of independence that every Amer- ican ought to possess. He is a moral upright man, kind to th^ distressed and hospitabh^ to strangers; which is more than can be said of the " good, sound Presbyte- rians," u ho strip the widow and the orphan.- And as for his opinions, lie is accountable to none but his G )d. Mr. Fisher is likewise a liberal, benevolent man; also Messrs. A. & E Picket — they are booksellers. I was pU^ased to tind them free from the pollution of the mis- sionary system; and while this is the case there is some hopes of a reformation; but as soon as booksellers and presses are bought up by the missionaries liberty is no mur;^! These are very amiable, enlightened and independent men, and must be proof against money; for, doubtless, they have had the otter. Mr. Peabody Atkinson has a good deal of the blue-skin about him, but did not approve of the Church and State men. Nonsense — whoever approves of tracts, and surh societies, are aiding and abetting the scheme, it is puiting arms into the hands cl the enemy. Mr. Atkin- son is, however, a very amiable man, and a Yankee. He WHEELING. 177 had seen my books, and observed the notice I took of a friend of his, Mr Peabody A. Morse, whom I met with lirstat Dartmouth College, and again at Haverhill, where he resides. Mr. Morse is mentioned in the second vo- lume of my Black Book — i am bound to him by the deep- est obligations; and it gave me much pleasure to meet* with his friend and namesake. I .should certainly have esteemed Mr. A. for the sake of his friend, and il gave me double pleasure to be enabled to esteem him for his own sake. He is a tall, stout, and well turned figure, ' plain and friendly in his manners, and much respected in Wheeling, though it strikes me he does not live exactly in the town. . Wheeling is the residence of the Hon. Judge Caldwell. I had- the pleasure of meeting with Judge Caldwell at Wilmington, Delaware, some time back, where he had brought his daughter for her education; but, unfortunate- ly he was absent from Wheeling at the time of my visit. Dr. Oaf, my friend, is a middle aged, light figure, of middling height, with an oval, fair face, blue eye, and gay, lively countenance; he is genteel and affable in his manners, and doubtless one of the ablest physicians in the western country. He is full of anecdote and fun, but of sober industrious habits, and is a man of very general information. I have seen several ably written pieces of his on science, which prove him to be a man of study and discernment. But I am most pleased with that part of the Doctor's character which goes to oppose the mis- sionaries, and hope he may meet with a liberal pa- tronage. I am Ihe more pleased at the opportunity of doing jus- tice to the Doctor, as I had, upon a former occasion, passed upon him some rather unjust censures. My landlord, Mr. Graham, and particularly Mrs. G. was kind and obliging, and highly deserving of public patronage Their tabic is one of the best I have seen in the west; the rooms comfortable, and the servants atten- tive I had the pleasure of meeting with the brother of G"neral or Governor (which you please) Carroll, at Wheeling, who was accompanied by his lady, a tall, el- 178 WHEELING. egant woman, but rather distant and stiff, I thought for an eastern lady, nor did I admire the appearance of Mr. Car- roll 1 have little more to say of Wheeling, my time there being limited to one day, (Saturday,) and part of Sunday, and the days being then at their shortest, it may be sup- posed I was not idle. When the stage called for me at one o'clock, A. M. I recollect very well it found me talk- ing with Dr. Oaf and writing, and without tasting dinner, though on the table at the same time. I have often remarked, the vari ty found in mankind, in the same state, same town, and in the same house, are as unlike as the dove and the viper. And merely for the sake of example, I found a most detestable fop in Mr. Nelson's office. He grinned like a monkey, as nothing but four-legged and two-legged monkeys grin at all. I always find these monkeys in gentlemen's houses, and was told they were for amusement; with book in hand, it lisped and grinned and bobbed its head. High life below stairs. He went beyond Judge Hall— now each clime has its peculiar quadrupids, birds, and fishes, but fops are found in all climates. One thing however, is peculiar to the western country,* which is a native and inbred sense of honor, common to Ghildren; I do not recollect publishing this remark, which I was unable to do, until I saw the old states. This is an- other evidence, why a person who has never been out of his own country; is not only unable to describe it; but of all countries, he has the least idea of the one he lives in. He may form some idea of other countries, but of his own none. It would have been impossible for me to have kfiown the difference between children, men, trees, rivers, soil, or any thing in the new and old states. Why? Be- cause I never heard the remark; and how happened this, doubtless it has never been made. We have Bracken- ridge's views, and Darby's views, and guides and pic- ture-*, and many other things, representing, to be a descrip tion of the western country: none are careful to mark those bold lines which distinguish the western from the old or Atlantic states: nor does it require any. great dis- WHEELING* 179 cernrnent to draw lines, where they are already strongly drawn. Bui what do we care for children? says the historian and traveller, our business is with the improvements, and where other improvements may be made; we are only the pioneers to point out where good settlements may be made, and navigation encouraged: in short, where popu- lous towns may be located or begun, and the se^'ds of ^is and sciences my be planted. We sometimes notice the growth of vegetables, and the variations of climate. "To tame the soil and plant the arts: What wonders there shall freedom shew, What mighty states successive grow." But though Ave necessarily come often in contact with our fellow men, we never notice children, more than pu- pies or chickens, and wherefore.'' Wheielore.'' When you construct any thing made with the hand, for instance, a house, a ship, &c. do you look out for the best mater- ials.'' It appears between the old and the new states, we are to have a mighty empire, whigh cannot hang together without laws. This leads us to the making of laws. Now, though there are a great difference of opinion upon go- vernments: that is whether despotic, limited, or republi- can, are best suited to the happiness of man, yet there are but one opinion respecting the necessity of laws, which is, that as we are so wicked, we must have laws to protect us irom each other, and that the utmost wisdom is requisite to frame them, which are to secure equal rights to all. Every citizen, therefore, will, for his own sake, elect men for this purpose, of the first wisdom and inte- grity, integrity above all. These men, all will admit, have once been children. It is with children, as with a nursery of fruit-trees, some are thrifty and flourishing, while others are sickly and dwarfish, and in the one case there can be no question, so neither can the other admit of a doubt; it therefore must follow, that a sound healthy child, is more likely to become a sound energetic man, than one who is not. Every species of the animal and 180 oWHEELIxNG. vcj^etable kingflom, proves this premise. But whatever maj be the caur^e, whether from fertility of soil, salubri- ty of climate, or other causes not yet developed, the chil- ~ditn of the west greatly exceed those of the old states, in size and manliness of expression, and the capacity of the mind seems to be in proportion to the size of the body. But besides this, they have an independence of manners, jftd an elevation of thought unknown in the latter. This struck me forcibly after crossing the Allegheny mountains, or rather the Blue-ridge, on my first visit to the old states. "Oh, 1 love that man, he gave me a nine- pence." I was quite astonished to hear this, which is uni- versal wherever I have travelled; the children are the most avaricious little wretches in the world, of the Atlan- tic states. What sort of men will these make? Now he did not like the man for any good quality he might pos- seiss, but because he gave him money. The principle is shocking, a robber might say the same, and he would like him because he gave him money. Such children, F ap- prehend will, when grown, become a set of sharpers. — But you could not Oiler a greater afront to a child of the western states, than to ofter it money, and the parents would consider it an insult. While I was resting myself in the brewery, a middle- aged man accompanied by a pretty little boy: upon hear- ing who T was, requested him to sing the "Hunters of Kentucky." The boy without hesitation, sung the song, and acquitted himself to admiration When I arose to re- turn home, I took out a ten cent piece, (forgetting the character of the western children,) and was about to pre- sent it to the child, but in doing so, it accidentaly drop- ped on the floor, and the boy, (no other person being pri- vy to it,) and 1 looked for it in vain; I returned to the tavern which was half a mile distant. When we were about halfway on our return, the father Came galloping after us on horseback with the money, and insisted upon my receiving it back, and seemed ra- ther offended, that T should have offered it to his son. — Tb?se are the children that will make upright honest men, and such, are the parents of the noble west. VISIT TO WASHINGTON, PA. 180 This high sense of honor is our surest safe-guard, and is worth more in a republican government than all the learning of the boasted schools of the old states. These principles will soon give a preponderance to the people of the west, and accordingly we find them now at the head of the nation. VISIT TO WASHINGTON, PA. Here I take leave of the Ohio. Upon leaving Wheel- ing, we take the celebrated Cumberland road, which leads us directly up on a considerable eminence back of the town. I kept my eyes upon the broad, smooth river, un- til it was no longer in view, and ascended the eminence which was to divide us, but I hope not forever. We had an extensive view from the eminence: The Ohio with Wheeling Creek — Wheeling, with its varie- ty of factories; and the country to a great distance. The land is rich, but broken, and rises up into every shape and figure; with deep fissures and ledges of rocks; interming- led with lofty sugar-trees: while the hills are one solid mass of coal This description of country continued to Washington — 24 miles; the whole way being watered by handsome, brisk running streams. The Cumberland road, which must have been very expensive from the unevenness of the ground, is going to decay. Strong bridges throughout are built over all the streams and hollows, and a statue of Mr. Clay perr; petuates his name, in sight of the road. It certaitlly was. a stupendous undertaking to make a road of such mag- nitude, over sucii uneven ground. The stage was full of tolerably good looking men, who, like myself, had left Wheeling without dinner. But we prevailed upon a lady to set us a lunch, while we chang- ed horses at one of the inns Judge Burnet, senator of Ohio, of whom 1 shall speak hereafter, was one of the passengers: he proves to be one of the first men in that state. It was quite late before we arrived in Washington, and oneof the gentlemea of the stage escorted me to th ta- 16— Vol. II. 181 WASHINGTON J PA. vern, ( different from the stage house,) where I had been recommended. 1 was pleased to find a candle burning, and a very genteel young lady, who met me at the door vejy politely, to prepare supper. 1 had been told that Washington and Cannonsburg were the head quarters ot the bluestockings in the west of Pennsylvania; but the tavern-keeper was & Mason^ and a very clever man. While the lady (who was the tavern-keeper's daugh- ter) was gone to prepare supper, the landlady came in (the husband having retired) but a more terrific looking female I never saw: her face was flaming iron, o\)d her countenance ot steel. She que stioned me with great im- pertinence, to which I returned such atiswers as soon si- lenced her, and she betook herself to reading her Bible, which lay on a candle stand before her. I asked her if she learned such impertinence in the Bible. She made no reply. In a short time I had tea, and retired to a very ntat comfortable chamber. AVASHINGTON, Is situated in a rich flourishing country; and is a thriv- ing, handsome village upon the Cun)berland road, which leads to Baltimore, and takes its name from an old noted place in Maryland, called Fort Cumberland. Washing-^ ton occupies a commanding emmence, though it descends^ to steepness from one point. This would be one of the" ,most delightful inland spots m the world, were it not cursed by those viceroys of Satan (so called,) the mission- aries. The view is extensive, cheering, and beautifully diversified with hill and hollow, and farms, and must, in summer, present its quota of rich scenery. Washington is the capital of Washington county, and is the seat of Washington college, to which my attention had been called by the friends of civil and religious lib- erty. Both this and Jefferson college at Cannonsburg, a few miles distant, has fallen into disrepute from, the influ- ence of the Presbyterians, who have turned both into re- positories for tracts, and bible and missionary societies, to r WASHINGTON, PA. 183 the total suppression of learning and virtue. It is a well known fact, that wherever this sect has established its sway, virtue and honor has become extinct. Whether this be true, with respect to Washington cdlege or not, I am not able to say. But it gives me much pleasure to have it in my power to exculpate the President. Rev. Mr. Wyley, from all share of blame with respect to the go- vernment of the college. I had heard many complaints of these colleges, and the principals of both Washington and Jefferson, being nick-named one (Mr. Brown,)'being called the Pope, and Mr. Wyley the Cardinal, such be- ing the ignorance of the people with respect to objects of the first importance. Neither of these Presidents are to blame for the ty- ranny and disorder of the Colleges; which the smallest investigation into their affairs will confirm. It is the Trustees who are to blame, and not the Principals or Professors. The hands and feet and tongues of the Prin- cipals are tied up by the tyrannical laws of the Trustees, who have made havoc of every thing learned, liberal or noble m the Colleges; which, like Dickmson, have be- come dens of unheard of wickedness: but the Principals are gentlemanly and liberal men. It is cruel and unjust to charge these men with the tyranny and misconduct of the Trustees; and it is the more heinous coming from the source, who alone is to blame for the evil, I mean the People. Why do the people appoint these clergy Trus- tees? And why, when they are put in, do they not watch them and turn thetn out wheii they no longer fulfil the duties of their trust.'' There are, if they must have cler- gymen lor Trustees, (for which I can see no reason,) honest Lutherans and Moravians, or Roman Catholics, enough, I should think, to make Trustees for all the Col- leges in Pennsylvania; and they are the most liberal and learned men I find in the State. These Colleges are es- tablished by the people, and then left a prey to these ravenous wolves, and not a soul cares how they go on. If the Legislature can say, they have endowed and char- tered a College, they fhtnic they have done something to- promote learning, and conclude they have no more busi- 184 WASHINGTON^ FA. ness with them: they never dream of looking into their condition afterwards; and least of all do they consider that it is of the last importance to their country that^they should do SD. And now, too late, they see the conse- quences. Ail these Colleges ought to be suppressed, or remodelled upon a plan to produce the benefit for which they were designed. I presume they were not designed as missionary schools, which they have now become; and I might add — brothels ! I was truly sorry for Mr. Wesley, one of the best of men; who, heartless and hopeless, was about to resign his chair. Heart-broken, he found it impossible to bring his conscience to submit to the tyranny and wickedness of the Trustees; and actually left the College shortly af- ter 1 saw him. A more capable or worthy man could not be placed at the head of any College than Mr. Wes- ley. He is a young looking man, of stout make, and a perfect gentleman, in every sense of the word. Learned, candid, and highly polished in his manners, he would do hoiior to any seminary over which he might be placed. Bui these qualifications only served to disqualify him to preside over Washington — any thing but honor, learning and integrity for ihem. This state of things is quite alarming, and instead of serving for a laughing stock, as both these seminaries do, a speedy and thorough reformation ought immediate- ly to be set on foot, and all these missionary men banish- ed from all concern in our schools of learning. To sit still and laugh at them is the height of folly : for the next thing may be the knife or halter at our throats. I pre- sume this would be no laughing matter. The whole of this county, it appears, are thorough going Presbyterians, and are dangerous to our liberty. Several of the students called with the President, and had a fine appearance: but by far the greater number kept out of sight. I was told they were distributing tracts, and collecting money for these and other societies^ which pious purposes take up about two thirds of theip time. WASWtiJfciTON, ^A. 185 Missionaries and ladies have swallowed up every thing- like goodness in this beautiful county. It is women that are to blame wholly and solely for this religious swin- dling. " O, let the women alone, Mrs. R., lash the men as much as you please, but let the women alone." And why; should the innocent be punished, and the guilty go free.? When a woman commits a crime, does the law ex- bondrate her because she is a woman .-' Do not historians give the hitory of women as well as men? Does a his- torian deserve cndit who does not tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothmg but the trutli? My book is to stand forever; and, therefore, nothing but truih shall ap- pear on its page, and as mu::;h of it as I can lay on. " But, Mrs. R., spare your own sex, you do harm to your cause." Were I even a man, this fallacious argument ought to have no weight, as it has no pn^cedent; nor is any histo- ry valuable but in proportion to the integrity with which it is written. It is a gross error, therefore, to sacrifice truth to fals-'hood, virtue to vice, and modesty and iniid- cence to unblushing guilt and impudence My objt^bt is to root out corniptioti, and regardless of the world's opinion, I go to the loot: which is woman I prpsume the cap fitted ifhose gentlemen. Com. General G. paid by by our Governm^mt, is one of them His aunt, the old maid. Miss S. of C — e, (who kept her room several days, for shame, alter my book came out, becauj.e it told the truth,) put this in his head, and has turned him against me, Thisis noi ail, he has tuined Col. T. against me; and .thus we have a proof, at once, of the evil of priest-loving .women. This movement of Gen. G. and Col T proves they have litile value for the good of society, to say no- thing of 'he good of their country. I merely, hint that men who are governed by vicious women, and wish to conceal crime, are dangerous to oar jibf^rty, !i appears that both these gentlemen have not been altogether clear of traducing a highly respectable female. I liiuluce none: I come forward in the face of day. If 1 he,ii ;uiy more of this effort to stifle crimes imd vice, be- cause v.i thf sex, I will open a scene of crime perpetrateiJ uuongst ihe.n, that will settle jhe business at once, *16 I 186 WASHINGTON, PA. Are not all the actions of females in all ages, recorded with the most scrupulous exactness? This is indispensa- ble, or we may give up history at once. I shall be told that historians confine themselves to great females — distinguished females, queens, empresses, dutcbesses; ladies, and princesses, and sometimes they condescend to mention the wife of an officer, and now and then an actress, but to descend so low as to notice common women, it was out of the question. I am not so: I contend that all women are like men, born free, and have equal rights, and " we are the most enlightened na- tion on earth." Our females are upon a par with the greatest in Europe! And let me ask, who polishes man? Is it not to woman we owe our civilization? What would the woild be without womeni* — A mere herd of savages. Softness, beauty, gentleness, virtue and charity, gives a grace to the female form that tames the savage heart of main. They are the mothers of our Piesidents, Senators, Generals, and Statesmen; and upon them alone hangs our future glory, or downfal, as a nation. It is to our females we are principally to look for our advancement in civilization; and from the boldness of their undertak- ing, of late, viz. to convert the world to chrisiianity: by giving birth to, and educating pious young men, it would seem they are perfectly aware of their weight in the scale of society. But for want of education, our women have lost their influence over men of sense and taste; and losing tlieir power over men, men themselves are no longer restrain- ed by charms, which no longer exist. Thus women have lost their power to attiact, and are left to herd to- gether and being neglected by one class of men, they have fallen a pre,) to another — the missionaries. Thou- sands of dollars are pocketed by these men, from the labor of these silly women in Washinjjlon county. Their whole labor, I am told, goes to the support of missiona- ries, or, more properly, church and state men. I saw the daughter, (an old maid,) of the tavern keeper where 1 put up, working a lace veil, valued at 20 dollars, for the missionaries. WASHINGTON, PA. 187 " That ancient heathen godhead, Molocfi, Oft stay'd his stomach with a huUock; Or if his morning rage you'd check first, One child sufl5c'd him for his breakfast." I took myself off— these madams might cook me for their dinner. The number of students at Washington College is greatly reduced, amounting at this time to no more than fifty. As my business was principally with the College, I did not extend my visit. I saw very few of the citi- zens: Mr. Griffin was all. I found hmj a very worthy, amiable man, of young appearance, mild and gentle in his manne s; ot middling size, with a round, tair face, intelligent, bright blue eye, and an accomplished geulie- man throughout. It strikes me he is an alloniey. I also heard of my friend, whom \ met in A'V'estmore- land, and was pleased to hear he was highly lespected in Washington, (where he resides,) by the liberal por- tion of the citizens; but am so unfortunate as to have lost his name. I ibund several gentlemen from the neighborhood, who were attending court. These were the tinest looking men I had seen in West Pennsylvania- remarkable for handsome people of both sexes. I took a list of all their names, and of the most distinguished students: but uulor- tunately the paper lell amongst those delivered to the school committee. The landlord was a plain good man; but the kindness of his son, I shall never forget, a most amiable young man; none of the male part of the family are missiouaries. To the disgrace oi my sex, the iron mask was the gentle- man's second wife. CANNONSBURG, Is hut eight miles from Washington. I had had such an appalling account of J( tierson college, that I expect- ed rather a rough reception, but was pleasantly disap-« Ijointed.^ t/ 188 # GANNONSBU^G. 1 was much pleased in the first place, with the towu, antl found the people kind, exceedingly so, and the ac- commodations superior to any I had met with since leav- ing- Steuhenville. Atter taking breakfast, the best I ever sat down to, I was shewn into a large elegant parlor, and the weather being cold, it was comfortably warmed by a large coal fire. Calling for pen and mk, i addressed a note to the President, Rev. Mr. Brown, who called in the course of half an hour. It has already been remarked, that Mr. Brown is stig- matized by many hard names, and looked upon with hor- ror by the liberal part of the community. Imagine my surprise, upon seeing in the person of Mr. Brown, a tall mild looking man, with all the softness and ease of the most finished gentleman! So much for hearsay! So near Washington, and yet the report I had heard, was rather confirmed there. How cruel I how unjust! is this world! For though doubtless, the college deserves all that was said to its discredit, and a thousand times more, yet, no part of the blame ought to rest on Mr. Brown, but upon the trustees, as at Washington college. I am truly pleas- ed that I called at Cannonsburg, as it may be the means of rescuing, the character of Mr. Brown fiom the foul charges alledgf'd against him. All that Mr. Brown ought to be blamed for, is prostituting his name and talents to the college. He i* however, going to leave it, as he finds the etforis to discharge his duties so cramped by the se- vere and rigid regulations of the trustees, he cannot subtnit to them. Mr. Brown is advanced in years, tall and slender, of very delicate appearance, and uncommonly mild and gen- teel in his manners. Neither he nor President Wyley, have any of that puritanical acid in their looks common to the sect, and both ought to stand acquitted of all blame for the degraded state of these colleges. I wa.-; un- able to procure the rules of the Washington College, as there were none in print — nor was there a catalogue to be found; I was more fortunate at Jefferson, though the rules and catalogue was dated in 1825. three }fars back. But such rules would disgrace a state prison", and that any CANNONSBUllO. 18f gentleman would send his son to a place where even the repetition of the vulgar language, would cause a blush in the face of the most desolute. Here are a few of them: "If a student be caught stealing — If a student be caught in beastiality." One would think they were familiar with those crimes themselves, and doubtless (hey are, else bow could they have thought of them, t This is fine language for the ears of gentlemen's sons. The d — 1 himself must have penned such ryles. This is all the effect of priestcraft, and if not shortly checked, must end in ruin And what makes it more dangerous, •hot one person in the whole state, so far as I have been able to learn, nor a single member of the state legislature, or school committees, vrere apprised of these abomina- ble rules, until F presented them myself Here is, where all our states have erred in suffix-ring trustees to possess such unlimited power over seminaries of learning. Every rule was alike absurd, obscene, and tyranical, and con- sisted principally in missioeary regulations. But since thepe rules were published, they have turned Jefferson into a complete missionary school, and the stu- dent have no time for any other species of learning. For instance, they must attend missionary, tract, and bible so- cieties, three, perhaps more, nights in the week, and sing and pray. The remaining nights, they must go from house to house, and distribute a certain number of tracts, call on all the femaks, (fine business for young men,) to collect donations, &c. Every Sunday morning they must repeat so many chapters of the bible, they must attend preaching three times every Sufiday, winter and summer; and as if this were not enough to exhaust the time and spirits of the students, tliey receive a tract every Sunday, if I recollect, which they must commit to memory, and not only so, but lecture on and define it; they must con- tribute a certain sum at stated periods for the spread of the gospel!! As if these regulations were not sufficiently degrading, they were marked on the margin for the press: one was "The reading of tracts strickly enjoined!" This appears to be the science of Jefferson. 190 CANNONSBURC. Every nation and people have had their fits of insanity, but ours cannot b3 called insanity, so much as it proves we are unfit to govern ourselves: let us boast as we may, and by an unpardonable neglect of the one thing needful, education; we are divided into a poor set of slaves on ihe one hand, and a set of sly, cunning, hypocritical despots on the other. The latter ready to seize upon those rights we are no longer worthy to possess, since we no longer have the spirit to defend them — and lest these hypocrits should lose in the succeeding age what they l^ave gained in this; they have turned our colleges into dunce schools and brothels, so that the next age will not be likely to meddle with them. An army of women and priests would inarch as they now do, from Maine to Georgia. Ye that approved of colleges, why do you not see who are put over them? — Ye that voted for money to build them, why do you not see from year to year, what goes with it? Ye that send your sons to colleges, why do you not some- times see how they spend their time? Do you wish your children to become abandoned to all manner of wicked- ness? Do you wish them to put the finishing stroke to eve- ry thing manly, and to become brutes in principle, and worshipers of tyiants? If so, send them to these colleges. Ask the young men at Jefferson, how they spend their time when not on these religious duties? I hope the legis- lature will examine a few of these, when they take up the business. But I will exhibit a few facts. In the evening, some of the eldest and better sort of students called — Some of them were grown, and it appeared, had not been long at Jefferson, some tvere fiom Georgetown, D. C. and all seemed pleased with my visit, al (edging it might be an advantage to the college. I was much pleased with the gentlemen, and their judicious remarks. But these had not been in long before another party came, whose looks and the manner they intruded, I by no means approv- ed, nor was it long before their rudeness was ^uch, that before their fellow siude/Vs, I was forced looidt;r them out of the rnoai. Three or four of them arose an is tlieoniy thing they are not guilty of He grew so bad at length, he had to be put out of the room. He was likewise going to the ball. At length I was called to dinner, and while in the act of dining, some of the family observed Mr. Deniston was m town, and I sent for him to come in. He soon made his ap- pearance, but little was he aware of my feelings upon viewing one so very dear to me — my heart throbbed with pleasure, and I gazed at him for some time without being able to speak; at length I asked liim, what he was to Nancy Deniston. I am her son, he said; and had it not been for shame, I would have rushed into his arms. And where is her husband John Deniston, and where is she, and where is the father and mother of John Deniston! My grand father and mother, are long since dead, so is my father Joun; my mother still lives and lives with me; I have ^ wife and daughters. It was at his grand father's I lived on this farm, but the house, he lold me. was long since lorn down, having gone to decay. Mr. John Deniston and his wife Nancy, of whom I had the clearest recollection, when 1 knew them, lived in the , samr- house with the elder Mr. Deniston — and were a ve- ry yoiaii^' and handsome cou|*lt-; they had but one child then, which many an hour I havf rocked in the cradle. This child, a son, is srill liviniiand had { known it, I mijiht ha.e seen him in Wheeling?, where he resides Mr Win. Di niston, the gentleman wifh whom I was conversing, is ahoui forty years of age, and born since I left tliat coun- try. Having gained his intelligence; Mr. D. said he Wuuld walk on and i could ride up to his hou'^e in the stage, which passed his door, and that. I might have some exuise to reiurn, (as I did not wish to trespa-s upoii his grtierosity,) I left my trunks at the stage-house, and rode on in the. s;age. From some misstatement in the papers they had been looking f /I meat Blairsville seveial day* before the ()ail: but on that day to a certainty; and the lady at the tavern *1T 19^ BENISTON'^OWNI where I first stopped, and Mr. Johnston, endeavored to p^•rsuade me to go on to Blairsville with them: but this was vain, though the report that I was to be there had circu- lated widely, and all the young folks expected to see my ladyship at the ball, and no doubt some of the spruce beaux expected to have me for a partner. I felt for their dis- appointment, but resolved to breathe a few sighs to "Old Langsine" belore I saw Blairsville; where, nevertheless, I understood 1 had many warm friends, and was of all pla- ces most anxious to see. But there was & large party of young people also at Mr. Deniston's on their way to the ball. Mr. D. had arrived home some minutes before the stage. When he entered the parlor he found the party engaged in conversation about the distinguished guest they were to meet at Blairsville, and all were on tiptoe to see me. Mr. D, smiled, and just had time to apprise them that they would have the pleasure very shortly, as I was close behind him. When I entered the house my eye passed rapidly over the company, and a lady pressing through the crowd with great eagerness, embraced me with much ardor. I was forced to believe this was my old friend, and still I thought she looked too young; but who else could it be.? It was not Nancy Deniston! it was Mrs. Wm. D. who soon led me to my old friend, whose features I re- collected at the first glance: but, strangf^ to tell, she had no recollection of me! I was rather hurt at this, but was sufficiently gratified to see and know her. When the company dispersed I related several circum- stances to Mrs D. of old time — she recollected every thing but myself. This might be accounted for from the the nature of the times, as the country was much harrass- ed by the Indians, and for greater safety, many families ■used to live in one house, though I do not recollect of any but myself at the time, so that I must have been very young. 1 was taken there to go to school, but as to how old I was I have no recollection, nor have I any idea «f the year: ii could not, from my present age, however;, have bee» less than fifty years. ANECDOTES. 199 ' Mr. D. the grand father of Mrs. D. was at that time about middle aired, and his wife about the same. These two, and Miss Jiosey D.. their daughter^ not grown, theif son John, and his wife Nancy, were all I recollect of the family. Miss Nancy and I used 50 crack walnuts in the meadow, and go to school together; and I used to sit by Mrs. N. D. for hours, and rock the cradle. Mrs N. was then, as she is now, a woman of very few words. She used to sit from morning tdl night witliout speaking half a dozen words; and was the handsomest woman of her time. 1 was very partial to her, as she was my name- sake: a circumstance that went far in those days. The old gentleman was a lively, good-natured man; and his son John used to trade over the mountains with pack-horses, and would bring home many handsome pre- sents for his wife One article, m particular, I recollect surprised me — it was lump sugar; also, loaf-sugar. But I was still more surprised that they should put the sugar on the table and not u'se it, and as they did not, I would not have touched it for the world. And so the sugar came and went every day. I thought it was a great piece of folly. When I returned home I told my mother, and she said they were Jersey people, who did not use sugar in their tea. Old Mrs. D used to be subject to sudden fits of sickness which often threatened her life. Miss Jinsey and I used to be greatly afflicted at this, and ran through the house in distraction. I think there were about twenty of us who used to go to sciiool, and would iiold the frying pan to cook the meat for our dinners. We used to have agreeable plays, where boys and girls, and even young men joined One, in particular, was called " The Juniper Tree?'' One person sat in the middle of the room, the paity taking hands, and walking around the person seated in the centre ©f ilie circle, sang altogether a beautiful air to the follow- ing words: "0, sister Phoebe, how happy were we, Wlien we sat under yon junipf-r tree — heigho: Taku this hat on your head, to keep your head warm, Take a sweet kiss, it wiJl do you no harm, I know." 200 ' ANECDOTES. ■» .. At the conclusion of the verse the person wearing the haf, (there being but one in the company,) puts it on the head of the person seated in the centre, kissing her at the same time. 1 was not fond of these plays, but being drawn into the Juniper, Tree once, and sitting in the centre, had to be hatted and kissed, which set me to ciying. The young man, (for it was a young man,) picked me up in his arms, and after pacifying rae, carried me out of the play. This is all I recollect of the school, except that I could read in the Testament before I went there. I also used to help to pen the sheep and calves, and was a great hen hussey. Mrs. Nancy D. could recollect every thing but myself; and we had a long talk about the Tilessrs Pars, Larry Irvin, old Mr, Blane, and old Mrs. Freeman, who was lame; and fleeing once from the Indians on horse-back to Shield's Fort, gave the alarm as she passsd by the neighbors, beating ti)e horse she rode with the beam of a pair of steelyards to urge him forward, while the Indians were close at her heels. The people never thought of fleeing to the forts in those days till the Indians were within a mile or two. Thus we talked of yore, while I called to mind the soft smile and blushing ci»eek ot my admired friend; and though she could not recollect me, she mingled with my feelings, and a.s 1 j^azed at her dtcayed features I could not fielp thinking of 'Auld Lang syne,' wlicn her face was round, plump, and beautilul. " We twa have stray'd about the brays, And form'd the garlands fine; We've wandered many a weary foot Since auld lang syne " I was better pleased with Mrs. D. than her mother- in-law. Had I been her mother, or some long lost friend she could not have shown me more atf-ciion. This matchless noman thought nothing in her house too good f(^r me Her hospitable table was soon spread with every flainty, and though I had just diued, 1 was pressed to par- ANECDOTES. ^201" 1 ake of her bounty. The best room in her house was fit- ted up for my use. Hfir daughters, Miss Nancy and Ra- ,chel and Mr Deniston himself oppressed me with kind- ness — I thought no more of the inn. Mrs, Wm. D. is one of the most fascinating females 1 ever met with m any country. I could not have believed so much perfection existed in the female form. Fair and lovely in her per- son, graceful in her manners; her soft beauteous blue eye, her sweet cheering smile, but, above all, that heart-re- freshing kindness that marked her every word and action — -she certainly is the pride of her sex. Mr. D. seem- to be aware of his happy lot, and values it as he ought; a more amiable or better matched couple I never saw! Mr D. has met with a reverse' of forfune, yet has a treasure, invaluable as it is rare, in such a wife. The have only two children, both daughters, hand- some, and accomplished in ever part of useful education. This is the place for young men to seek wives. You will always find daughters lake alter their mothers, let it be good or bad, with very few excf'ptions. /'It certainly added much to the pleasure of visiting ray niative walks to meet with such unlooked tor and unmer- ited kindness. But the half is not yet told: For immor- tal acts cannot be described by mortal words. Thus, " From the mild converse ol the virtuous fair, Joys unspeakable that glow, In the calm bosoms of the friendly pair." When we had interchanged the pleasures of friendship and feeling, I took counsel vviih my friends about visit- ing my sister. Upon inquiry I found she lived about eight miles distant, directly off of my road, and that this was the nearest point. If, therefore, I paid her a visit at all it was to be done from this place. I was, on the one hand, pressed for time; yet, on the other, as I had never had an 0[)portunity of visiting her in my life till now, and might probably never have one again, I consult- ed my friends upon the ways and means. Mr. Deniston was ne',> !• at the place, though he knew where it was,, and was at my service in any way he could serve me. • 202 Anecdotes. I longed to see the place of her residence, particularly as I had once lived there prior to my residence at Denis- ton's-, and I recollected several circumstances which kin- dled in my bosom a strong desire to see the spot my infant feet had often trod. Of the road, no one could give any satisfactory account. It was a wagon-road, and a good Beai used by ivagons going to the salt-works. It lay on the bank of the Loy- alhaunah, and the "place I was aiming to see was at the junction of the Conamaugh and the former. But a serious difficulty arose! No carriage to be had, though all the horses in the place were at my service, and" as many to escort me as I chose to accept. Bur ihe difficulty: it was doubl/ul whether I could ride on horse- back. True, I had once been famous for horsemanship, but had never been upon a horse for six years! and I was doubtful as to my abilities to manage a horse now, parti- cularly if the road should be bad. All these matters were debated in full council, and it was finally concluded that " Mrs. Fly," Mrs. Deniston's Kiddle-mare should be saddled in the morning, and 1 was to try my skill, and if successful, Mr. Deniston, upon an- other horse, was to attend me to my sister's. After every thing was settled, it now being late, we assembled once more to partake of my favorite supper. This was a dish renowned in olden times, and a favorite with Mrs. Nancy D. as well as myself — mush and milk. Yes, Mr. Barlow, mush and milk, I like the name; were I to call it pudding not a soul in Pennsylvania would know what I meant. And Mrs. Nancy D. and myself joined in " a cup of auld lang syne;" and I loved her the more for her preference. Next morning I took an excursion over the farm, the barn, the spring house, the distillery, orchards, mea- dows, &,c. But chiefly my eye sought tKe spot where I had slcipped like a fawn, when young. *■' It was more to the south I should see it." Mr. D.'s farm occupies one of those enchanting swells fliat adurn this life inspiring country: which is one re- pressHiatiou of iarras, great barns, and vales, and grove% Anecdotes. 203 of inexpressible beauty. The people of this country have no idea of the beautiful region they inhabit. I ob- served this while I stood glued to the spot, unable to withdraw my eyes from the tail, slender trees; while, never haiving se^^n any othrr forest,- Mrs. D. viewed the scenery without any emotion; and I should certainly have done so too ha; wifr in amazt-ment — at length he found Utierance; wh wh-wh-vvhere is the wo-wo-wo-wig — d- d il-d — n her old soul, wh-wh where did she get the wh-wh wh-whiskey. *18 210 AnkcdoTEs. Patton after clearina: the table, produced the wig and running to the pot, ladled out some of the grease and be- spattering the wig vvitliit, sho\yered a copious portion 0^' flour upon, it, and tieing it hard and fast under hjs oiis- tress' chin, told her she might sit at the head of the table* She began with '-[ say." But Patton had something else to attend to; and calling me to follow him, he took a plalp and tin bucket, and proceeded to the spring hpuse for but- ter and milk. "I say, Nancy you shant go with Patton." We proceeded however, and Patton filling his bucket mostly with cream, and laying on as much butter as the plate would liold, not less than four pounds, we retjirnecl to the house. ],; Meanwhile the old lady had retired to a little back shed to avoid, what she could not prevent, the mirlh of the party, and the anger of her husbaiid, and by the way, she had evidently taken a few more of the droops, a3. ap^ peared in the end. The only chance now left for the workmen, was to stay their hunger upon the milk and butter — tliere was plenty of bread and onions, and Patton soon had it in readiness. Mrs Blane, however, suspecting Patton had made an inroad upon the contents of her dairy, grew restless, and hearing the plates rattle upon the table, came forth with her powdered head, and the tail ofthe wig dangling over her face, and eyeing the plate of butter with something that migi)t be called rage, and holding her self up by the side ofthe house; she began, "I say Patton, you shall not waste my butter, it is too much, take it back, take .it away, I say, they shant have it." Patton paid no atten- tion, and picking up courage, she ventured to walk to the table, but losing her balance, she made but onestep of it and pitched with her facp upon the plate of butte^'! The reader must imfta:ine the resl, for I have no recoHection of what followed. I laughed until I fainted away; such another laughable scene I nf'vi^r saw bef<:jre nor since. It was never ascertained how she got the whiskey that day, a.' there was aone within, six miles^ but what was in the field— she must have procured it out of^the keg be- fore it was taken to the field. AjlECpOTES. 211 I could fill 9 book with the incidents of Mrs. Blane and PDffou. /'"■'^":7!,-'" The old man had a distillery of "ms own, and used to Jceep his whiskey barrel in the spring- house, and when he drew enough to serve him a certain time, he woui4 cut off the peg even with the head of the barrel Qui day, however, he perceived the barrel grew light, he had drawn but once out of it, and tutiiiag the barrel about, he essayed to speak thus: ''Na na-nti nancy," he said, (.1 was then in the spring house witli him,) "hoho-huw is this, so-so-so-soniebody has been at my whiskt.y." I told him I did not know; and after examining the end ntxt to the wall, he discovered where his wife had followed his ex- ample, b^ first boring the head and having a peg to fit it, cut it off even with the head, (no such thing as faucets in those days.) But instead of one, she had live pegs. Mr. B. was outrageous. "D-d d-d — n her soul, she has ti-fi- fe-five stopples tor my one " My parents used lo leasee us where they thought we (on- ly, niy sister and myself,) would be safe, and wouiti go to their farm, but very often called to see us — my sisier at this time was at some other house, i'he people in ttiose days we^e kind and affectionate to each other, much uiure so than now. Traci.s, bibles, piiests and missionaries have destroyed every thing like charity, beijevolence, lov^ and friendship, exr.ept between the women and the aiis- sionaries. Bui to- return — my mother calling to spend a few days. at Mr. Blane's, wasemployed in spinning tow; she kept her tow in a barrel, and taking some of it out, she found a bottle of whiskey. Mrs, Blaiie coming in at the instant, exclaimed, "my dear creeter, that is just a little drop I had for you and me." Mrs. B. however, has long departed this life, and [joor old Mr. Blane after weathering many a storm, was at last killed by the Itidians a few jaids Irom his door. Pe^ace to his name, he was one of the best of men. All these scenes were recalled to my memory, as I pass- ed by the door, and glanced at the spring where I used to hold the candle at night, for Patton while he strained gl2 Anecdotes. the milk — and over the meadow, where I had to cool water for the mowers. The place was unoccupied, and stillness seemed to rs^st upon it. "Roll on fair spring,." I breathed as [ pur,sue.d my way down the road to meet '.\ith other scenes ofyo;;e, jNear this place, on the summit of the hill, stood an enormous tree, which over-topped its neighbors, and like th^m ivas desolated by fire. At the junction of the limbs with the tree, there was a; lar^^e eagle's nest, which had remained'there, time immemorial, and was still inhabited by the bald eagle. .There were three of them, two of which were of amazing size and strength. They would carry large sticks of wood to their nest, for miles, as stout as a mar's arm, from three to five feet in length. Stand- ing in our door, we could see them evei-y day, (at. the season of feeding their young,) carrying tish from the Loyalhannah, We saw the fish distinctly struggling in their tallons; sometimes they would drop them, and dart- ing back to the river, soon re-appi^ar with another. They always pass each olher on the way. And were constant- ly adding to their nest, which could not have been less than four to five feet in diameter, and it was supposed the weight would finally break down the tr^e, ' ' We jogg'^l along slowly, the day was fine, and evrry thing reminded me of old times. The road passed on a high ridge, between, which and another, the Loyalhannah stole along. We found ^some.difnculty from Mr, D's. ig- norance of the road, and though we san' the house of my sister at the distance of two miles, we travelled at least five before we reached it. The house stood on a hill, which Captain D. caHed Mount Pisgah, and compared our journey to that of the windings of the children of Isreal, as we nearly encom- passed the hill, before we found it arcessahh'. At len.,th, ala'iy whom we fell in \vi!h, said, thei-e is Mi". Cowan's, and giving her palfrey a cut, paced off. MY SISTEK. 213 MY SIST£R. The house looked much like those in the neighborhood, and the laud was fertilej but an empty barn! my heart ached for my sister. But it was the handsomest situa- tion in the country, and the tirst of the family who made their appearance, was about half a dozen pigs, who salut- ed with a grunt, and tails curled up gave us the path. I was determined if I did not like appearances, to re- turn with Capiain D. if the contrary, to spend the night, and let the captain return alone, and some of my sister's family might retuin with me. All this was settled between Mr. D. and myself, at our first setting out from his house. It was also settled, that I was not to disclose my person, and that we were to pass for travellers. Finally, I resolved to stick to Fly until, as the phrase is, 1 saw how the land lay. I knew nothing of the people, they might be savages, they might be missionaries, they might, be civilized, and they might not; they were oil strang-ers to me, and I determined not to venture neck and heels too suddenly amongst so form- idable a force. My brother in-law, I had never seen, my sister but twice, and one of the sons, Jmi. But i had a powerful Hio'ive, independent of all this, to visit Mount Pisgah.— Tltougl] I have never mentioned it yet. Mount Pisgah was noi unknown to me. It was the first place we settled af- ter removing froiVi the State of Maryland, to the back- woods, as it was then called. I recollect the camp we lived in at first, the spring, and a large gang of wolves which trotted by it one day, when I went for water, a pauh of corn, and several other things. But how 1 got upon the top of Mount Pisgah, I know not — but the place was still dear to me, and 1 was anxious to see it. When rising the top of the hill, I perceived a well dressed, genteel looking young man, which put me in heart — he was neatly dressed throughout in broadcloth, ani was walking slowly into the bouse; but seeing us, he stopped until we rode up, bj^ which time seveial other good looking young men, stepped out into the yard, and 214 MY SISTER. seemed to view us with much surprise — by the time we' reached the front of the buiidina;, my sister, for J iiad some recolJecf ion of her person, sti.od in the door. Mr, D. saluted and asked, if Mr. Cowan lived there, the young man replied, he did. — Mr, D. then addressing himself to my sister, asked, if he could leave (Ids lady there a while, as he had a little further to go. My sister assumed a most inhospitable frown, and knitting brow, said, yes, I suppose she can I nevertheless, was loth to dismount, for though pleased with the young people, I did not like the cold eye of my sister — and after viewitsg her sometime, I asked, if Mr. Cowan was at home.-' he was not, but he will be at home in a short time. Mr. D. now took me from the horse, and I walked slow- ly into the house, and looked my sister in the fa*-.e, to see if she would recollect me, and finding she did not, i ask- ed her if she had no recollection of me. No. Do you not suspect,'' I begin to suspect now, said she, you must be my sister. Yes, and we saluted. The children then came Hp, (or rather the young people, as they were all growt\ but one,) and saluted very friendly, but I set my sister down as a missionary; I was not far wrong, she was a mighty pious methodist, and gave me a less hearty » welcome than any of the famijy. They had just re- turned from a party in the neighborhood. None of their sons lived with them, excepting a boy, those I saw,, were merely there upon a visit — most of their children being married and gone. By degrees ray sister grew familiar, and seemed much pleased, and the young ones remaikably so. I could not praise the neatness of her dormitary and parlor, which formed a great contrasts to Mrs. Denison's. But she could not attend, to her domestic concerns as she had to go to meeting. My next enquiry was after James, my old ac- quaintance — he lived some miles off, and the little boy, (poor little fellow, I never saw him afterwards,) was sent otF on horse-back to collect as many of the family as he could. But hearing they lived near Blairsvdie, I was sorry the boy went, as they did not arrive before I left ffee place. Ail my pleasure now, was confined to amus- MY SISTER. 215 ing myself with the scenes, and the old gentleman when hi ^houKI ar'« ivf . Mr. D. finding I was coiueiiled, gave me a strict, charge to keep Fiy safe, and took Ins depar- ture. It was not long before I paid a visit to the long vemem" ber^d spring, said to be the best in the country, i remein- bered Vis situation, and the hollow below it, where the wolves trotted bj me; but s^oodhes^Iit seemed to be ihre^ times the distance (hen! My sistei pointed out thespqt where our little cabin stood, I had a veiy cifar recogni- tion of it also — but the spring was familiar and the stream that issued from it. A ioan (iailing at our hut one day, asked for a drink, my mother sent me with a tin cup for the water, as 1 drew near the spring, a large gang of wolves, as I found ajier- wards, troited across the sprmg run, witiiout deigning to stop or look at me. W h» n i returned to the house, I inr formed my mother, I, saw a large gang ot dogs, at the spring. It is wolves, I'^il bet, said the man. And doubih-ss were, as the woods swarmed witlr (hem. This is the tirst knowledge I had ot the name, or nature of the wolves — I have often reflected upon the circumstance si. ce, and am surprised they neither testified tear nor hostility. At another tour to the spring with my tin cup, I was ter- ribly beset by a snake — I was running along and meeting the snake in the path, he disputed the passage, and 1 took a circle round, him— on my return 1 kept a look out, and discovered him in the same place, with his eyes fastened on me.r I discovered from hi* looks, he intended to attack me, and I had no resource but my heels, keeping my eyes on him, 1 creeped along slowly, and as 1 expected, he darted after me, and flinging away the water, 1 ran for my lijie to the iiouse. the snake pursuing me lo the door. Tfie woods were then alive with snakes, and every species of wild beasts and game, came to the house; and no end to fish I spent some moments at the head of the spring absorb- ed m extacy. In short, I enjoyed more pleasure from ttic time 1 came in sight of the Loyalhannah at Oenistontown, 216 MY SISTER. than I ever thoug^ht was within the power of human abil- ities: yet every thing looked less. At length Mr. Cowan came. I had charged them all strictly not to discover who I was, as I could have a better opportunity to ascertain his character, and wantin* amusement for the afternoon; the old gentleman was one of the best timed subjects, I could have wished for. He is rather under middle height, very thick and cor- pulent, and quite old, his head was as white as cotton, he looked old enoug-h to be my sister's father: she being quite a young looking woman. His face was fair and round, and his countenance open and honest, his eyes were blue, but they were nearly shut, from having taken too much Christmas times. I had no intelligence of his approach — but guessed it was him; he was dressed in a grey overcoat — and as he came in, clapped Mrs. Cowan on the shoulder in a man- ner, that showed he both esteemed and respected her — well old woman, 1 have got back again. I see you have, said she very mildly. I was afriad she would scold him. The children too, behaved very respectful — not a I'rown marked the countenance of one of them. It was sometime before he observed me, and merely bestowed a transient bow, and said, Who is this.'' I re- turned the salutation, and told him, I was a traveller — ba 1200 inhabitants, and five chuich- es! It has more activity and industry, in jproportion t© BLAIRSVILLE. 225 the inhabitants, than any spot I have yet seen in the state, and is inhabited by a noble, lively, generous peo- ple I find this road is a paradise compared to the middle routf-; 1 would go an hundred miles round to see the peo- ple; where as I am told, if any, it is the nearest — and no mountainji! I have understood that those numerous ridges of (he Allegheny, are scarcely perceivable. And here is also, rich scenery, a bold ridge runs parallel with the Comiemaugh, which, and the canal with its locks and dams, and the numerous workmen, all in view from a gentle eminence, on which the town stands; added to the bustle and activity of the town, was truly an interesting picture. But the cheerful and friendly manners of the inhabi- tants, were alone enough to render Blairsville an inter- esting spot. No missionaries here but one, and he is har- rassed out of his life. They have balls too, and common sense, and are the happiest people in the state. My/riend William Jack, directed me to stop at Mr. M'Anulty's. 1 also had a letter to Mr. M'Cabe, a law- yer, and from his partiality to m'e, of which I had heard; I addressed him a note from Pittsburg apprising him of my intended visit. This led them to look for me sooner than I could possibly arriv^e, and in one word, Mrs. M'Anulty was fit to devor me, and first and last, almost killed me with kindness. 1 had been but a short time in my room before Mr. M'Cabe came in; I was partial to the man and longed to see him, and had mtended dropping him a note, but notes were needless — they were all looking out, and the news soon flew, and Mr. M'Cabe lost no time in paying his res- pects, nor was this all, others flocked in, and my room was constantly filled. Two gentlemen from Ireland, by the name of Grier, lived opposite; they are brothers, engaged in mercantile business, and are among the first people in the place. They were remarkably pleasant in their manners, and en- gaged much of my attention. The ladies were distin- guished for gaity of disposition and sprightliness of man- 226 BLAlllSVILLE. ners, and we were all romp and play, like so many chil- dren. Mr. Grier having seen my books, would threaten the ladies. Ah! Mrs. Rojall is coming, she will fix you, she will put you in the Black Book. But Mrs. M. Grier, was amongst the first who called, and I was charmed with her wit and elegant manners. Wiien she returned liomc, she told Mr. Grier; I have heen to see Mrs. R. and she likes me too well to put me in the Black Book. She told me plajtully, they almost scared her to death with the Black Book. Mrs. Mark Grier, is a stout, young handsome wo- man, with an oval face, and fine blue eyes. Her counten- ance is open, gay and benevolent, and indicative of great wit and good sense, and one of -the most facinating wo- men I ever met with. Her husband, Mr. Mark, is an ex- emplary man, hospitable, kind and generous, he is the de- light of every eye, is a small man, and very handsomely featured, with the softest blue eye innature. The young- est, Mr. George Grier, is much like the first. When they are gentlemen, the Irish are not surpassed by any people on the earth; and no people have rvarnier hearts.* First and last,' these gentlemen behaved to me with all the disinterested dignity, generosity, and polite- ness, common to gentlemen in every sense of the word. — Their kindness is written on my heart. Mrs. George Grier, is a.small lady, very handsome and equally kii^. and polite. Mr. M'Cabe is alike entitled to the esteem and respe'Ct «f every liberal mind, and laid me under many obligations to him. Mr. M'Cabe is a thin light figure, with an oval fair face, delicate features, mild countenance, soft blue eyes, and very genteel manners. He is of middling height, quite a young man. Mr. Stewart Davis is a lall slender man, very fair, with golden hair, oval face, fine blue eyes, and of amiable manners. * I shall ever esteem the Irish since they rallied round me in this pi- ty, when I was in the clutches of the Blackcoat^. 'We'll stand by you M>%. R ' This chivalrous declaration, has effectually won my good (ipinion and regard. . KLAIRSVILLE. 227 Thomas Johnston, Esq. from the neighborhood, is a stout, noble (igurc, and open generous countenance. All the gentieofien of Blairsville were distinguished for polite- ness and hospifality. Several of tKose were engaged d& engineers on the canal; of these were Mr. Johnston men- tioned, also Mr, AlouzoLivermore, of New-England. Mr. Livfrniore is ayouiig gpnteel man, and seems to hold the firsi place in conducting the canal. He appears to have the best education, and appertains to the first people of New-England, Tiiese Yankees I find, are every where sougitt for, whf^rever scipnce is required. Thomas M'Farland, Esq. perhaps the same mentioned'"* a few pages back, is a most amiable man. '■'Mine host Samuel M'Anulty, is a stout young looking man; round fair face and soft blue eye — as an innkeeper, Mr. M'. is not surpassed in his calling — he is uncommon- ly mild and soft in his manners, iow in his charges, and keeps a first rate house. ■; Andrew Brown, Esq is a middle aged man, an attor- ney, I think, of very pleasing manners. But as great a favorite as any I met with, was Mr, Mul- hollin, the postmaster-, a most gentlemanly and worthy man. I was sorry I had so short a time to spend with these amiable people. Wishing to give a faithful picture of Pennsylvania. 1 had extended the time, until the wea^- ther was growing cold. I was beyond measure pleased with the citizens, and had the pleasure of seeing a few of my nephews, Messrs, Edward H Day and James G. Crow, the latter, th© barkeeper; both excellent men. I think these were the cream. It will be recollected, my sister sent off for her sons, some of which lived near this place. But not knowing I would leave Mount Pisgah so soon; they travelled there and arrived a little before my sister from Denistontown. I presented her with a vo-ume of the Black Book, and they were so eager to see vvtiat was in it. They read it through thai night, and returning to the neighborhood of BlairSi ville, called on me the same day. 228 BLAIIISVILLE. ,'My old acquaintance James, looked older than his mo- ther, had a wife aiid children, and was a mfthodist! they all have long faces. But poor James, though I plagued Jbim enough about his canting hypocrisy, I was glad to see him. Robert, the one I had seen at his father's, came also, and a son-in-law of Mr. Cowan's, Mr. Henry Gibbons, quite a genteel man, and well edui-ated. They, behaved very respecrful, bought books, and were much pleased, I was truly so Afier they look their departure, Mr. John Cowan, ano- ther of my sister's sons came; he was accompanied hy his wife, a very genteel looking woman. John was the best looking and most manly of the whole, and said to be the most industrious I think he told me he made $30 pe! day, boring for salt-water! He is a giant in size and a handsome mail, though hard of hearing This man will be rich it he lives; for he alrrjody owns several lots in towns. There were others in the neighborhood whom I did not see, and others again had gathered money and gone to the western states. They are all sober thorough going meiii, and lack nothing but education to render them amongst the first men in the country. John and his wife spent the day with me, with appaient pleasdre, though Mrs. Cowan said she was almost afraid to come, having heard I was .such a great lady, and James said, she must speak proper, and all that stuff. It was his religion, or rather the want of it. cau.s?d him to say this. Both John and his wife were well spoken, genteel and very intr-rest- ing couple. It was hard I could not spare one evening to visit them, but the dear creatures stayed with me until dark-^— and when we went to tea, I found Mr. C had spoken for an elf^vant supper, and after supping together they took leave, havirijT but a short distance to go. All the peopje m this region are remarkable for good size, i^reat mpdesty, and a keenness of '^ounte.iance pecu- liar, and form a wide contrast to the people on the other road. EBONSBURG. 229 A petrefied fish was shown to me at Blairsville, a cu- riosity. It was found in sight of the town, m the middle of a solid rock, fifty feet above the surface of the river. It was a foot in length, with the scales and fins entire and perfect. The fish was of solid stone, of a very dark color. It was broken about the middle, and was a peif.^ct stone throughout. Hope the Pmk, or Walsh, or Noah Webster will favor us with a learned dissertation on the subject, and put it in the Dictionary. The third day I left BlairsvilK: late; travelling this fine country in the dark, over chesnui-ridge, where there was no ridge; slept at Alexandria, and arrived next morning at EBONSBURG. It was provoking to travel over so much of the country in the night; it was near twelve o'clock when we arrived at our quarters, and had to start again at three o'clo'^k, A. M. . Ebonsburg is on the top of the Allegheny mountain in a dense forest of the tallest hemlocks, perhaps in Ameri- ca. This was the scene of Harry Hemlock, and the three judges — never was a name more appropriate! It was equal to the Black Book. Ebonsburg is settled by Welsh, and a few Irish and Scotch. The mountain forms no perceivable elevation. But how they cut through such a dense forest, is extra- ordinary — here grow the tallest trees I have seen to this day, they are a singular curiosity. We arrived at Ebonsburg ;-arly in the morning, where I stopt for one day. I have always been partial to the Welsh from their character, and from having married a descendent of Llewellen prince of Wales. The name, Royall, denotes Welsh; having the double 1, which is pe- culiar to them only. I was not long in Ebonsburg, which is in Cambria county, before the Welsh flocked in, and crowded around me with great ardor and affection. The day was very inclement and cold, but this did not pre- vent those dear people — 1 loved them all, and look their oiFered hands; nor was ever joy more mutual. The 20— Vol. II. 230 EBONSBUllG. real Welsh fresh from the mountains— their features were peculiar, and faces small, with a singular hiUepeudence of countenance. There were some of my own name amongst them, whom I did not bee. These own a whole countr}, which lits on the Alles^heny mountains, and proves they have a prrmanent fondness for mountains, as they could have purchased land any where in the union. The Allegheny at this place, produces all sorts of grain, gra^^s, vegetables in abundance. Their farms were ex- tended in all directions round the town, and above ail peo- plf , they have the most contented look. They have a very handsome college: the town is neat and flourishing. These people might nave been the happiest of the hap- py, had it not been for that curse, priest-craft; and where- ever this curse fastens her fangs, the reign of terror begins. The Scotch, always dead going Presbyterians, began this business, and have drawn into their scheme, the innocent unwary Welsh, who pray and preach, tracts and bibles, by the gross; and have introduced such rules into the academy, that the liberal of all parties have with- drawn their patronage, and the building is now unoccu- pied. This wide spreading evil is destroying all our sem- inaries. What business had they here; in this abode of innocence, on the top of these mountains.'' — the d — Ihim? self would not have pursed innocence so far. The split in the college, is that the blue-skins want a Calvanistic president, and the liberals will not consent to it; and the money bestow^ed on them by the legislature stands idle! — lost to the state! and to all parties. The cost of the building and the funds are considerable. Was there ever a nahon so mad, to be giving, and always, and eternally giving, to discipline troops for the great struggle I am astonished that none of our great men have had the cour- age, nor the curiosity to ascertain what those people mean by this great struggle. It has a very emphatical meaning, as I see it is eternally referred to, and seems to be a watcli word, and a watch-word by which they have matched through the United States, and have an arn y of regulars. Since writing this article, 1 tind their articles EBONSBUIIG. 231 of warfare and creeds, on every table and desk inourex- ecutivt," licpirtments; they grow bold. I took secretaries, cbifC clerks, and messengers to task about the danger of encourai,>,ing these people in this open and barefaced man- ner. "They were in the department when we come, ear- ly ia the morning, how are we to know who brought thf,m?" If I-were a secretary of war, or a secretary of peace, or entrusted with the treasury and arms of ihe natioa, i should suffer no traitors to enter my camp. "They can do no harm Mrs. R. we have all the money and mus- kets." A fig for muskets, when these traitors open all doors, enter women's bed-chambers, as I have seen them, and range through all our departments. "Thej are brought in without our knowledge." This is a fine tale; and why are the departments not better guarded.'' What is to hin- der these traitors from taking possession of every depart- ment, and every arsenal in the government, at any mo- ment? Nothing. In the capacity of spies, they go over the whole United States. In all capacities they encom- pass the land. What business have they to open doors and go in where our state papers are.'' I would be happy to know this — there must be treachery somewhere What sort of messenjjers have we, to suffer these traitors to en- ter their master's cabinets. I find these pamphlets on every table. This shows what an enlightened nation we are, to encourage such swindling. What is to hinder them to seize our muskets? Nothing. And this not the worst, they have corrupted many of the clerks, E is at the head of the bible society and St. C is president. I hope they will soon get their walking papers. It is bad enough to have traitors without, and not within our camp. But to go back to the policy of the legislature — These "good sound" hypocrites ask for money, and get it. Only to ask. "Who would object to so laudible a thing, as giving money to instruct the ignorant.''''' Very true, it could not be better applied. But for want of common sense, the money has done more harm than good. I hope to hear no more of chartering colleges If legislatures give money^ let thena see that it is put to the use intended. 232 EBONSBUllG. The first who honored me with a call, was Dr. Young-. an alniable man. The Dr. is young, middle sized man, with a noble countenance and regular festures; his man- ners candid, mild and genteel. Mr. Lewis, with a real Welsh face, is rather low and heavily made, of middle age, round fair face and blue eyes. In his manners, he is plain, frank, and friendly. Mr. Ivory is a tall, stout, and very muscular fine look- ing man, with an noble eye. Mr. Stewart Steel, is an attorney, a tall, slender, fair young looking man, with a very keen eye, and a sensible countenance. Messrs. Moses Cannon Noon and M'Donnald, are also entitled to notice. M'Donnald particularly, who kept a tavern; was remarkably polite, and a perfect gentleman. He is a man of family and education, and lives in a large handsomely furnished house. I was charmed with his manners and his family, with whom I took tea. Shortly after my arrival. Gen. Smith from Bedford, who was in Ebonsburg, apprized of my presence soon called and brought Mr. McDonnald with him, when I received a polite invitation to spend the evening at his house, and never was I more astonished at the taste and elegance of his family, and the style of his equipage. Mrs. McDonnald is a young accomplished woman, though the mother of several children. Being people of educa- tion they are taking much paines with their children and keep a Governess in the house. It was truly interesting, on the summit of the Allegheny, to see those little girls advancing in all the finer accomplishments of the sex. They were drawing and embroidering when I called, which constitute a part of their education. Mr. McDon- nald and his lady are from Ireland. He is one of the Trustees of the academy, but was about to resign, as he was unable to benefit the institution. The tavern at which I put up was well kept and very comfortable, but not equal to Mr. McDonald's, the latter is one of the most pleasant men in the world. I saw some of the best specimens of painting in the neighborhood of Ebonsburg I ever witnessed, which EBONSBURG. 233 were said to be done by an insane man. It was life itself, thf design and the whole execution was itiiaiiiable Amongst the wonders of the niountains I iound a nalu- rai genius, a Welshman, who had made a set of iai-ge chuHih organs without any instructions whatever, ids nauji- is Joim Lloyd, -'he Post Master of Ehonsburg I took leave of my kind friends the m- xt day, aod a biit.^r cold day it was. I had passed the Chesnut rul^e, Laural Hill, a.id a good part of the Allegheny in the night but without perceiving any elevation in eitiier. Tuis evenness continued till we drew near Bialrs Gap, where the Allegheny Mountain ends. In the course of the day I passed the head of Conne- maugh and one of the heads of ih^ Susquehanna, two small springs within one hundred yards uf each other. 1 had no company in the stage but a lady arid her pi^et- ty litite daughter, who had be^n upon a visit, and we suffered much iVom the severity of the cold. The lady, she informed me, was the sister of M. T. Simpson of Washi!!0on City, agent of the General Post Office, a place ot some trust under the Post Master General f knowing Mr. S as a gentlemanly man I was not a liule pleased to drop in with his sister, whose pleasant and agreeable manners, helped to beguile the rigor of the day. At Blairs Gap I had the pleasure once more of meetiag with the all accomplishe I General Smith. .These rencounters with the same person was truly pleasing It was certainly a treat to meet him twice in a strange place. He was on his return. After introducing me to the tavern keeper and seeing I had every thing 1 wanted, he took me by the hand and departed. Tile Sawney at Ebonsburg told me he had an aunt a;t Blaiis Gap, an old maid, the great grand mother of all the missionary societies in a hundred miles round, and expressed a wish we should meet. t There is another S. also in the General Post Office, not worfh his salt. no 234. HUNTINGBON. The tavern keeper's wife was a double distilled mis* sionary, the fiercest monster I ever saw, a daugiiter of old Mr. Blair, and her husband a very clever man, be- tween her and the old maid had a hard time of it; I tried to inviegle the old maid into an interview but she was too cunning. I amused myself with.^ie landlady, her eyes fairly turned green with rage, she could have torn me to pieces—" She loved good people^^ she said, " I thought madam you loved us heathens." She darted out of the room and refused to wait upon me, but I soon called her back and told her "I expect to pay you madam, atfenl ta your duty." She complied and growled like a She Bear all the while. > I pittied her husband, who suffers himself to be hen pect by these two women, I had another cold ride and arrived at Huntingdon upon the Juniatta about an hour before day the next morning. I stopped at the stage house but not liking my quarters I sent for a friend after breakfast and desired him to look out for a more agreeable house. It may be thought strange, I should have a friend in a strange place; but it was even so. I had a letter from Gen. Smith to several gentlemen, and sending for the nearest [Mr, Bell] he soon came and went off to procure me a house, but never was I in such a house before nor since. 1 had no fault to find with Mr. M'Connel, but, his house did not suit me. He is a Seceder, and nhat that is the heaven knows. Those religious people need not decry farces and plays. For there is no greater farce tlian they represent, and though called by different names, thev all come out upon the stage, make a long prayer, a wry face, ogle the women, ai:d finger the Cash. The play actors do no more. The Presbyterians are called roundheads from Washing- ton Pa., to this place. But the liberals were getting raiier the upperhand. Huntingdon is the county town of Huntingdon county, an«^ is handsomely situated, partly upon an even plaui on the bank of the Juniatta and contains some very hand- some buildings, the canal runs through it, which will bring the trade to their doors, Huntingdon coatai»8 ai" ' HUNTINGDON. 235 Court House, Jail, Masonic Hall, 5 Churches, and 1200 inhabitants, and is a very beau»iful town, coniaining liaud- some streets and several fine brick buiidins^s. It lies be- tween two wild mountains which gives it a romantic ap pea ranee, the scenery of Juniatta is much like Mauch Cbunk. 1 merely took a short walk when Mr. Bell returned with a tall elegant looking m?in whom he introduced by the name of Clark, and to whom, amongst several others Gen. Smilh had written; whoever has had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Clark can never forget him, Pennsylvania contains not such another He conibines at o«ce every grace and virtue that adorns the human family ; and it I were to write an octavo I could not do him justice. He bent his soft grey e}es upon me, [being a giant iu hc^ight] and with a smile of inimitable sw^eetness, saluted and said "shall I have the pleasure to attend you to my house madam, I am afraid I cannot furnish you as you deserve, but I will endeavour to make you comfortable. When did you arrive, and bow have you faired this cold season," any one might have said this. — But the manly look, the easy grace, the chaste smile, the stream of melting kind- ness that hieatheri "things unutterable," I was completely vanquished. They both attended me to Mr. Clark's where I was met by Mrs. Clark no less amiable than her husband. Tell me nothing of Kings and Coronets — give me I he man whose heart is touched by Heaven with so- cial kindness,, who is wise to see and quick to feel, un- borrowed delicacy for the wants and cares of a destitute female, and cheers the heart of the fonorn and weary traveller. I scarcely rang the bell, while J staid at his house, Mr. C. though a thorough gentleman bred, was my wait- er, footman, and friend. It happened to snow prodigiously most of the tijne, and this generous man was con- Oiitly coming up to my parlour to see that the room v\as warm,. always accompanied by fome friend. Where were the round heads all thii» time, who travel thou.sands of miles to convert the heathen? here was I a poor wicked heatheit come to their very doors in the hardest of the winieiv 256 HUNTINGDON. But, " these are they, whose souls the furies sleelMj And cuist with hearts, unknowing how to yield." Mr. Clark had taken under his fostering care a widow- ed sister of Mrs. Clark — was a father to lier children and brother indeed to the bereaved widow! Both hei and Mrs. C. Wi^re amiable women, alt lived toi^other as one family, the most interesting group I ever beheld. Mr. Walter Clark is a young man of towering height some inches over six feet and made in proportion — his face un- matched in manly beauiy, and his countenance unrivaled in seraph innocence — His manners are of the highest polish, but all this conveys but a faint outline of the man. J, M. Bell, Esq was the first to call on me, and never ceased in his a'lention during my visit; Mr. B. is a gentle- man of stout make, young and very ihandsome, his face is round ami fair, and adoni'Hl with black eyes of the iriost heanlii'ul lustre-^I have no doubt but they have d:)ne a g'eat deal of mis/^hipf in their lime. Mr. B. is an At- torney of som*' eminence, and the very milk of human ki'-idneiis; ihe Huntingdon Bar is quite respectable Besides Mr. Bell, Messrs Williamson, Miles, Orbison, Pi-rter, and several others; it snowed hard the whole day, Sunday too, they were continually coming and gomg — David R. Porter, Esq. is a biother of Gen. Porier of Lancaster. The Porters are a distinguished family of, Pennsylvania — Mr. D. R. P. is of middle age and size, with fine oval features, dark complexion, and a full speak- ing black eye;Jiis countenance has great expression, he is a most amiable and pltasant man. Mr. Wm. Oibison, is a good hearted man, of fine ap- pearance and manners — Messrs Milc-s and Williamson are both excellent men, and respectable in their piot'es- sion — Doctors Henderson and Benj. J. Berry, were like- wise amongst those who called — they are highly rtspec- table men. Dr. B. I think lived in the couniry, he is a very engaa^eing man both in person and manners Mr. Moses WcLean is ai gentleman of portly size, round fair face and pleasing manners; A. P. Wilson, Esq. is a tall HUNTINGDON. 237 stout figure, quite young and much esteemed — and Samuel Hines, Esq. must not be forgoten, he came in quite late, but insisted upon adding his patronage, he was a very af- fable German, and said he would help the widow, which much to his honor he did, he was a jolly lively man, plain frank and honest; Abraham Levy, Es^q a Jt^w, was also amongst my friends of Huntingdon, and I must say, not- withstanding the kindness every where lavished upon me throughout the state, Huntingdon left the rest far behind, taking into view the badness oftheweafAer and the s/iorfwess of the time, and the day being Sunday ; the gentlemen's hats and coats would be covered with snow. This is the right sort of religion Sunday or Monday. I never during my life recollect of spending a more pleasant evening than I did at Mr. Clark's, surrounded by a large circle of friends, by a glowing fire; the charms of their conversation, their undisguised friendship, their marked respect and overflowing kindness went to the heart, it was impossible not to love and respect them. This mark of attention is not only an honor to the state, but to the American character, the godly people were at preaching. Apropos — They have an academy here too, the build- ing cost $1000, and !|1000 more was appropriated (by the Legislature) to support a teacher. The Presbyteri- ans agreeably to their practice, got the management of the school into their own hands, employed a teacher until their own children were educated, and then drove him off because he would not teach for a trifle, for his services, reserving the balance of the thousand dollars for them- selves. Since that they have turned it into an Irish tavern (see their religion) and appropriate the profits to their own use, besides the ^lOOt) for the Teacher. \ ! ! Was there ever a state so imposed upon as Pennsylvania I informed the Legislature as I passed through Harrisburg shortly after this, and they knew nothing of it; one of the black coats spoke up and said "they turned it into a tavern because the canal run close to it, aud on that account, it was not fit tor students." Tfae traitor, why did they retrench the 238 HUNTINGDON. teacher's wages long before this ? why did they not consult the Legislature? why did they not consuh the people of Huntingdon? and if they were actuated by any thing but the principles of theft; why did they not pay "over the money to the state. Pennsylvania, great in resources, great in virtur., and great in unwi, indastrious and inter- prizing, yet cannot get on; how is this ? Because those vipers are preying and have long. , preyed upon her VITALS, they have nearly eaten through the very ijeart strings of the state, and have deprived it of every prop, I mean its schools and colleges ! prostrated to the dust, and the money in defiance of shame, appropriated to over- turn our liberty. It is a known fact, they have to send to New York and New England for all their engineers, be- cause science is crushed m the state. Last year several hundred dollars were collected in Huntingdon to furnish Bibles for the town, what became of it ? smuggled away to head quarters, Philadelphia. Here are a number of children to be educated, and though the state has furnished ^ 2000 for that purpose, they have to send their children off' to other places. A man by the name of Adams, one of Dr. Ely's good "sound Presbyterians," passed through this country last yrar to convert young ladies, a singular way to convert them — He went from house to house, would get the young women in private, lay his arm round them, talk to them about the good of their souls, until he would get complete possession of the body. He would make these silly girls cry, and make them believe he could send them to heaven or hell, until they became frightened into any measures, one result was, that he drained them of their •ash. He converted every young lady in the neighborhood; every body remembers Mr. Adams. At length he was suddenly checked by a lady who found him in a situa- tion with her daughter by no means pleasing to her: and too late the people opened their eyes, and banished him from the country. The Juniata is a very hand ome stream, at this place. There is just room for the canal between Mr. Clark's LEWISTOWN. 239 house and the river. The house commands a handsome view oi ih liver and the canal, from its lotiy rooms. U occupies one ot the most delightfui situations on the road. The scenery upon ihe Juniata is wild and fianciful,' be- yond description, consisting of piles of wild rocks, and circular hills, intermmgied with lofty srees. The scene- ry around Huntingdon, particularly, is beautiful in the ex- treme. It must be amongst the greatest treats of the summer, to a person of taste, to lean in a window at Mr. Clark's, upon a warm summer day. The mountains, on both sides come in close to the river. Dr. S I -ot^n berg's ironworks are near this; where he makes 250 tons of iron per week. There is also a celebrate! mineral spring near Hunt* ingdon, which is rising last into notice. LEWISTOWN Is also upon the wild Juniata, a few miles distant. As usual, 1 left Huntingdon before day, and who should be up, but 1 and Mrs. Clark. A fine fire blazed upon the hearth, and a cup of coffee smoked upon the side-board. I was oppressed with kindness, and even carried to the stage. It would insult the feelings of Mr Clark to say he did not charge! After day broke I had a very pleasing prospect of the country. Where the mountains do not interfere, the land is rich on the river; but they rise into fearful piles of loose grey stone. We arrived at Lewistown about one o'clock, P. M.^ — stopped at Williams's. I had longed to enter Lewistown for the sake of once more seeing the amiable Col. Clinton, the son of my friend, Gov. De Witt Clinton. He stopped at this house, and I panted to see him, without regard to the house, Which is not the best. The driver refused to give me my ba^rjiage, ibnut^b in justice to him h'i did suffer me to get out of the stage: "this was kind." 240 LEWISTOWN. I hastened into the house, and asked for Col. Clinton. "He was there." He was at dinner. 1 threw oli my cloak. 1 he table was long and crowded, as Lewistown was then the rendezvous of all the canal people. I crowded in at the head of the table, and cast aii, eager eye round for the Colonel, but not seeing him, I asked, "Which is Col Clinton?" when he raised his well-known face, and forced a smile; — but, alas! we both had more reason to weep. We dropped our eyes again; for since we saw each other, the world had lost his great and good sire. I saw, however, the image of the elder, in De Witt Clin- ton, Junior. He has the same eye, chin, forehead, and every feature of his father, and, doubtless, ihe same mind, same height, and same mild, benevolent heart and countenance. The Colonel was thin and pale, doubt- less, from intense application to his duties as chief engineer. It appears that he is at the head of all the canalling business in Pennsylvania, and a better they could not have.* I have very little doubt, but in genius, skill, and experience, on the subject of canals, he is little behmd his splendid sire. In 1826 I mentioned Mr. Clinton as being 25 years old. This was a mistake: De Wit) Clinton, Jr. was but, at that time, 21 years of age, which makes him now about 23 or 24. Several gentlemen saluted meat the table by name, who had seen me in different parts of the counlry. After dmner I was shewn to my room, and shortly af- terwards the Colonel came up; but such was the pressure of his duties, he merely took me by the hand, and -set off perhaps 30 miles that night. He is constantly going fom one end to the other of the canal; and often stays in camp, and seems to have a hard time of it. But he is al- ways pleasing, and slips along through the world with the least noise of any man of half his worth. The house was so crowded that it was difficult to get a room; and the landlord going into the dining-room, ask- *I lament to hear Pecinsylvania, biind to her interest, has suffered this talented young man to withdraw since I saw him. ' LEWISTOWX. 241 ed the gentlemen if any of them would be so polite as to give me a room on the second story, and take a room on the third For the iionor of the Yankee nation, a Mr. Tatfan spoke up first, and said he would give Mrs. R. his room. This was singularly kind in Mr. T. as he had just received a wound from a fall upon the canal, by which he was severely injured; and accordingly, he gave me up his room, Mr. Tattan knew me at Yale College, though I had no recollection of him. He was from New Haven, and be- ing a man of science, was engaged by the canal company as an engineer. Mr. G. M. T. is a )oung, small man, and light make. His face is oval, and complexion rather dark: his countenance is grave, and genius is stamped upon every line of his features. His eye has much ex- pression, and his manners are modest and retiring. He had but lately arrived from the Farmington canal, where he was one of the principal engineers. They have been greatly taken in by the roundheads: one of them, Mr. Clark, with an iron countenance, was there at the time. William H. Morell, Esq. of Cooperstown, Otsego co. N, York, was another engineer, and a most interesting man. He was also engagaged for his superior abilities and experience as an engineer, upon the grand cauaL Mr. M. is a stout, fine figure, and about 22 years of age, with a bold, intelligent, oval face, and a pair of briliant black eyes, and high smooth forehead — his complexion is dark) and his countenance noble and manly — his manners are open, gay and satirical. Thomas Franks, Esq. a son of the Hon Judge Franks of Harrisburg, is a cousin of tke Messrs. Kejm's of Read- ing, and be and I were half acquainted of course. He had heard of me through the Keims, and f esteemed him for their sake and for his own. Mr. P. is an assistant of Col, C's, and at once one of the most examplary men breath- ing. He is humanity itself, and unequalled in generosity, and virture — is of common height, light make, with very delicate oval features. Mr. Morell, as well as Col Clinton, was forced to leave Lewistown, and Messrs. Tattan, Franks, and Dr. M'Con- 21— Vol. II. .rv 242 LEWISTOWN. nell, were almost constantly with me, and rendei*ing me all iff aid in their power. J. H. Hickoke, another engineer, was also attentive. Mi H. is a thin spare figure, line features, mild counten^ ance, and quite a young man, of pleasing manners. J, Jefl'ery, Esq. another of the canal corps, is a tall good sized man, with a round handsome lace, open gea- eir.u- countenance, and fine blue eyes, is very engaging, though plain in his manners. Mr. A. Hmck, was also amongst those who called; he is a small, young looking, pleasant man. And lastly and least, one Twins, did not come to pay his respects, as he had none to pay. Having got through with the canal folks, (the saucy rogues w aiched me close enough to see what notes I took.)* But one more hefore I advert to the citizens. Dr. M'Connell, a son of my tavern-keeper, the Secedar at Huntingdon, The Dr. had very little of the vinegar about him, and was about the handsomest man in Penn- sylvania p frank, gay, familiar and lively in his manners — he said, he despised their hypocritical canting at Hunt- ingdon; so much, that he quit the place The doctor's person and features are without fault; he is a tall hand- some figure, and his features and complexion, as handsome as imagination can paint them, and has the softest blue eye in the world; polite, affable and generous, he added much to my amusement at Lewistown. The old maids wilLyet be the death of me, as I always have a train of young gentlemen after me. Poor souls, they may have the priests. The society of Lewistown is the 'best improved and most refined of any town in Pennsylvcnia. There are a very few hlackcoats in Lewistown. The citizens- are learned, generous and hospitable, and possessed of con- siderable wealth and taste. They were perfectly aware of that respect due to a stranger. 1 he most of them waited upon me at the tavern. And first. Doctor Smith,, a man of wealth, who lives on hisin- »Thej were so anxious to see what I said of old mother Drybones. ^hat one held me while the others looked. LEWISTOWN. 243 come, anrl is a gentleman of great elegance of manners aul rudition, The doctor lives quite in style, and has a rnosi accomplished wife. He is rather yomig in appear- anc(% (inf size, fair complexion,, ovai features, with all the ' kiiidred virtues beaming in his dark soft eye — he is one of i!ie mosi amiable of men.- Dr. Ard, also a gentleman of attractive manners, par* ' sues his profession; he is tall, slender, middle aged niari^ and alike amiable. Doctor Culbertson, is likewise a very amiable man I do not recollect any other physicians. The bar is con- siderable for numbers and talf^iit The first on my list is Elias W. Half, Esq. a descendent df the great Hale of Eaglaiid. Mr H. is a shrewd satirical Yankee, whose fore -fathers landed upon the rock of Plymouth. He is middle aged, of good size, and fair round face, and a ve« ry expressive countenance, and is a gentleman of great: wit and acuteness, and does every thing with astonishing ease and grace. He is the best reader I ever heard — Qfte would think he had coned the book for a speech. Saying to him, I wished to procure something charac- teristic of the state, to grace my travels; he gave me the following names: Joab Oxenrider, Sinnemahoning, John Nineteenhills, Henry Nautsinger, Valentine Foglesonger, Esq. Mr. Hale never laughs, though he has the faculty of making every one else laugh. Joe Strickland ought to see them, and Noah Webster ought to put them in his Dictionary. The saucy Yankee — I asked him if he did invent them, but be said they were real, and he knew them all. Mr. Parker of the bar, is a small man, good figure, and fair face, and of tolerable manners. One Hall, also of the bar, is a great clown. Abraham S. Williams, Esq. is a very genteel man, of middling size, good features, and a bright blue e3'e- E.%L. Benedict, Esq. likewise of the bar, I was not fortunate enouih to see, he being absent-^so also was Mr. Huliogs, whom I met afterwards. 244 LEWISTOWN. Mr. Watson, (1 cannot distinguish the name,) is a thin spare figure, oval fair face, open benevolent countenance, fine eyes, and of very engaging ntianners. Of the clergy, I saw but one. Rev. Bennet, he was a methodist, and qUite an agreeable man, though he did not help me on my way. Francis M'Luer, Esq my friend and favorite of whom I could never say enough, is a merchant, and I might with propriety call him brother, for such he has proved him- self to me. Mr. IVl'Luer's unrivalled worth discovered itself to me by an incident, over which neither of us had any cobtrol. He is a middle sized man, young, active, and persevering. But so mild, so gentle, like his own Juniata; light, life and joy, beams in his fine countenance. May he reap- the fruit of his virtues. Levy Reynolds, Esq. is the editor of the Mifflin Eagle. He is a young man of fair countenance and pleasant man- ners, like all the liberal editors, I touud in him a friend. He is much respected in Lewistown. Mr. James Dickson, was another editor, whom I did not see.* Mr. Wm. Mitchell is a tall very handsome figure, open countenance and the finest eye in the world. The Academy is a handnome building and in a flourishing condition, I found a yankee at the head of this, and the pupils about seventy, far advanced in their studies. The teacher, Mr. P. N. (if I do not mistakt) is a man of edu- cation, polite, afiablc in his manners and seems to be aware of the correct method of teaching, 1 examined several of the pupils in grammar and geopraphy, and found them per- fect; both boys and girls are taught. It was unfortunate I should have stumbled upon the only religious house in the place, old mother dry-bones, the landlady was religious, illnatuied, vulgar, and unfriendly. Finding I was a foe to those Priest loving dames, she said "the young ladies could not lovebetter men." This comes well from a female. She . « * I oierlookfrd a Mr. Glyn, whom 1 must have seen at Huntingdon, a very amiabJeman. t .•M JOURNEY TO HAR«1SBURG. 245 bad a house full of these godley dames and gentlemen were cio\ved out; I never was more bored by vulgar women, and the engineers were leaving the house. Lewistbwn is the capital of Mifflin County, and con- tains an academy, 4 churches, a court house, and jail. It is situated at the confluf'.nce of the Kishacoquillas cn-ek with the Juniata. The canal passes tiuough it. It was incorporated in 1795, and contains 1500 inhabitants It has several stores and taverns, and is a iively fljurishing place, and of all towns, it is the most pleasantly si'uaied. The scenery around Lewisiown pertalces largely of the wild, the sublime, and the fan(;iful, and is unsurpassed in beauty. The views from the academy, which stand upon an eminence, is the most pleading in Pa The proud Juniata glittering through the ricii planes, the sloping hills, the impervious thickets, the encircling mountains, but chiefly the variety of surface, continually lisingand fall- ing, waving and winding, the heart saturated with plea- sure. JOURNEY TO HARRISBURG. After spending three days at Lewistown I departed down the Juniata to Harrisburg the 9;h of Junuary 1829, the coldest day we had during the winter. The gentlemen of the stage house had put the best stage in requisition, had it neatly painted, stuffed, and lined anew with thick cloth, the stage lanterns were shining and the horses the best in the line, and the driver no way behind, and with a gentleman, a lady and cdild, I bid ray favorite town adieu. We drove on the bank of the Juniata and sometimes upon steep precipices, and in many places the road actual- ly runs in the river upon a wall. But the woman ! yes woman! There was a pass called the narrows. Talk of plagues, a scary affected woman, is plague enough, "Oh ! we'll be killed, I wish I had 'nt come. Set still Betsey; an't you scared dear.'' well, all I wish is I had 'ni come." I wish you had 'nt madam." 1 always responded. *31 246 AbVENtUHtS. We passed the defiles in safety — ^had left the ritefj and were proceeding rapidly over the even plain when we were suddenly over shadowed with utter darkness, followed by a loud clap of thunder, as though heaven and earth were ooming together, attended with a noise like the ringing of bells and rattling of hail stones! This was succeeded by a sudden brightness rushing in trom above, and a shower of wooden fragments; the horses going at a quick trot, the whole passed as sudden as a flash of lighting !!! and all unhurt.!! What an engine this would be for the missionaries, they would convert the whole world, were they in possession of such a miracle, it ex- ceeds all their out pourmgs; they may have it gratis, and they will have what they never bad before, a true story, but the reader is impatient. The top ol the stage was off ! the canal people are in the habit of building bridges on the surveys — one of those bridges lay across our road, the stage run under it, and had often done so before, but this time by some cause (perhaps a stone got under the wheel) the bridge carried away the top. The bridge occasioned the darkness, tareing away the ioj) occasioned the noise, the top being off', occasioned the light, the rattling was occasioned by shattering the top to pieces, the bell ringing sou.jd was caused by shivering the lamps. The shower of wooden fiagments, I need not explain. Thus the mystery is explained, our escape was ffiiracuhjus, as ninety nine tin-esout of a hundred, any set of horses might have taken flight, but particularly ours which were highly pampered, they never alteied their gate, however, which was doubtless owing to the presence of mind and superior skill of the driver, for the noise was so sudden and so loud, that it was enough to throw any man otf his guard. Another miracle was that our sculls were not pierced by the sharp pieces of wood darting endways so near our heads. Thus it befel the owner of the stage,' who had taken so much paines to render me comfortable. It now beganJto snt.vv piodigiously, and stiffened with cold, 1 arrived at ouf quarters at 10 o'clock P. M. covcf- ADVENTtTRES. 2l7 ed with snow, but a good fire and a pleasant adventure, soon ret^iOied my warned vigour. Travelling- as I do, I sometimes take it into my head that men, particularly, usurp liberties which I am deter- mined they shall not. Jealous of my rights, perhaps I carry my ideas too far, but who shall decide? While they were preparing supper, two young men came intj my parlor; seating themselves deliberately by the stove, commenced a conversation with each other — ■ not satisfied with this piece of rudeness, they at length addressed themselves to me. As I did not know whom I was amongst — 1 bore it sometime, but their impudent glances displeased me more than their language. Instead of that ingenuousness which is a universal characteristic of all classes in Pennsylvania, their faces displayed a thorough coat of genuine brass. Now beside the bar-room, there was a front parlor, with a good fire. Why did they not stay in the bar room.^ No. They had heard of me, and they must gratify their rude curiosity. This always provokes me, but never from the lowest citizen, if he is introduced. I told them at length, that 1 would thank them to with- draw: I was going to sup, and did not wish to be intruded on. But there was too much brass aboard; and sending for the landlord, I told him to invite the gentlemen into another room: that 1 was not accustomed to such imper- tinent intrusions— one of them walked off, but the other sat sdll, till I spoke pietty sharp, and told him that he or I should leave the room. He then sneered and walked oft. Meantime supper was brought -in; and while I was sit- ting at the table another gentleman walked in— jie took otF his hat, and bowed politely, but did not otTfr to sit nor speak; nor did I speak to him. I saw he nas a gentleman, but was nevertheless displeased, as he ought to have known beiter. He continued to walk backwards and forwards at the lower end of the room, and kept his ejes fasteaed on me. Having finished my supper, 1 turned (;) back on hi.u to disappoint his curiosity. He then drew a little nearer, 248 ADVENTUREb. and asked, if 1 were travelling. I replied that if it wouW afforrl him any gratification, 1 was; but \ did not conceive it any business of his. He then walked out; and as I bad to set out again in about three hours, I persuaded tlie landlord to give me the adjoining parlor, as it was warm and comfortable, and had a large settee, upon which I could repose till the hour of departure. Shortly after I took possession of the rbom, a servant pronounced the name of Hulings to sofne person at the door. Struck by the name, 1 asked if Mr. Hulings was in town. He is in the bar room, madam. Ask him if he ph ases to walk into my room; I wish to see him It will be recollected that Mr. Hulings, an attorney of Lewis- town, was absent, and bemg highly spoken of to toe, both in Lewistpwn and Huntingdc)n, from which hst place I had a lettc r to him irom a friend, my pleasure may be readily imagined. Mr. Hulings soon entered the room with a smile, and who should it be but the gentleman to whom I had spoken so harshly in the supper room, i laught-d as I arose to take his hand, and asked him why he did not make him- self known'' that he was the only man of all others, 1 wish- ed most to see. He said, in fact he was afraid — he was not aware he was known to me by leport Why did you not gpt the landlord to introduce you? H* tried "hat, but the landlord was afraid too I tried th. landlord, said Mr. H. and when he refused, I wasdeterinined to see you at any risk. But, oli! Mrs. R. forgive mi . I had heard so much of you that 1 could not help it. 1 iold him if inere wa'i any pardon to be a'^ked, I thoui!:ht it was due Ut him, but we were both so ovesjoyed at I lie rencounter. Ujat tor my part I do not remembei half what passed — i was in a perfect delirium, to think 1 had a friend at the very time I most needed one. I had been told at Lewistown, I missed a great treat in not nieeting with Mr. Hulings, tlie pride of the Juniata. I uas never more gratified and hurt to this moment, thai I -hould have spoken so harshly to so fine a man — H; itit'spuce a)i)fir?ned every thing I had heard o: him, much more — certainly, has the most engaging exterior of ADVENTURES. 249 any human being. He is over common height, his figure fine, face oval, and rather dark, his glossy hair hangs in profuse clusters over his fine polished forehead; his eyes, full, dark, and animated; his features harmony itself, and the graces dwelt in his countenance. But the exterior of the man is nothing; it was swallowed up by the virtues of his heart; we see the one but we feel the other. All else suspended; my comfort and convenience became his pe- Gular care — the fires were replenished, the servants, the landlord, all had secret orders, as I never saw more obse- quiousness Just tell me what you want Mrs. R Pray do not give yourself any trouble said Mr. H. as I called a servant. Blankets were produced, coffee, bread and but- ter. All placed on the stove, ready for me before my set- ting out in the morning, my bill settled, and nothing left undone. Meantime I apprised him of the stage accident, and the very uncomfortable alternative of travelling in a vehicle exposed to the weather, and requested him to procure a cloak, blanket, or something to protect mie from the cold, which was intense. 1 also mentioned the rencounter of the young men, and as, they were to travel with me in the stage, he proposed introducing them. I rather objected, but as one I think, was his relative, I received thf:ir apologies. "My friea(J here," pointing to one of them, "Mrs. R. will be of service to you crossing the Susquehanna, which you will find ne- cessary, as it is frozen over, and you will have to walk on the ice — I will pledge myself for them " I gave them iny hand to please my triend, but had my suspicions, never- theless. When about to take leave, (these arc the most trying moments.) Mr, H left his cloak, lest I might be cold in the night, and after asking if he could be of any fur- service, took leave. Thus I always find friends! (biothers, I might say,) and protectors! What more can mortal wish.? Af er resting, perhaps three hours, we proceeded, and a colder morning was rare in that part ot the country. 250 ADVENTURES. li^: huling's ROCK. 1 ■ About daylight we reached the celebrated Hulings Rock, which over-hangs the Juniata, in a frij^httul pi'-ei- pice This rock takes its name from Mr David W. Hu- lin;i;s, the gentleman just mentioned, who at ihf' cos! of much expense and enterprise, has cut a road through n to the distance of nearly a mile! A most astonishing etlort of industry and enterprise to be accomplished hy one man! I thought of the scary woman, and felt the blood stiring about my heart, as ti»e horses almost flew over a perpen- dicular wall of several feet in height, literally built in the river. This rock of amazing height and steepness, jutting into the river — there was no alternative for a passage but to cut through it, which was accomplished by this enterpris- ing man. , Shortly after this, we passed the residence of the Hu' lings' family, a most charming seat, on an island; while I lamented want of time to visit the family. A little after sunrise, we reached the Susquehanna, where we took breakfast, at a very genteel taverti. . The gentlemea who accompanied me, were hitherto very attentive, and the landlord was uncommonly kind — we left our broken stage here, and took another on the opposite side of the river. The landlord furnished a small sleigh, in which he put the baggage, and placing me on one of the seat?., sent a Tery genteel man to draw me across the river — e.xceptiag. the rail road, this was the most pleasant ride I had on my tour. The Pennsylvania canal comes in here, and another branches off from this point towards New York, up the Susquehanna. It appears that the whole state of Penn- sylvania is to be canalled, and I fear too much of it on hand The Susquehanna is very handsome at this place, and :the scenery very splendid. The mountain comes in close ADVENTURES. 261 io the river on one side, and though the ground rises on the other, there is a narrow strip of land on the river — at this place there is a dam across the Susquehanna to raise the water even with the cajial. Two Irishmen got into the stage here, one was an im- pudent coxcomb, and the other was a poor old man who seemed ready to expire from some disease he had con- tracted on I he canal. As he was poor and shabby, he was forced to sit upon the middle seat, which had no back, without extorting the least pitiy from the brutish passengers, all young men. I interceded tor him, but all in vain! and seeing lie was ready to drop, I sat on the middle seat myself, and gave him mine! We need not go far to look for heathens! The monsters, to treat an aged sick and poor man thus. My young gentlemen who had evinced rather an impa- tient aspect for some time, now broke out in a volley of oaths and threats of an alarming nature — they were both good hands at the bottle, and had taken a deep drink at the breakfasting house, and at every house on the road, until they were completely drunk, and the coxcomb irish- man was not far behind them. Mr. Hulings' friend had poured it in so liberally, that he became beastly stupid and sleepy. But it had a different effect on the other, he grew outrageous — he had only smothernd his rage since the preceding night; and the spirit beginning to woi k on him, h^ first tumed pale and then red, and attacked me personally with oaths, referring to that incident, and my entreaties in favor of the old man. -As 1 had been particularly consigned to the care of the other, 1 appealed to his honor — \ appealed to the pro- mise I heard him make to his friend Huiiugs — all i obtain- ed was a stupid grin. My only chance now was the driver; the poor old man was my friend, hut he was too sick to help himself. B«t the Irishman sitting upon the front seat, whispered to the driver, and gained him to their side. 1 nevertheless or- dered him to stop tiie coach and let me get out. Drive on, said the B(»gtrolter. Stop I say. DriTe on, said the ruf- fian. My ^3st resort was to alarm the people on the road, 252 HARUISBURG. and accordingly I called aloud to the people of the first house I saw, to stop the coach. Drive on. said V.te iwo ruffians — drive on. Whilst I addressed the people with the door open — the people obeyed instantly, and ran with great speed to my assistance. But the driver putting his horses to full speed, also — the man, after running himself nearly to death, had to desist. I then made an attempt to jumpt out, but the ruffians held me forcibly in the stage. Tiius the northern route disgraced itself the last day. The passengers, driver, and proprietor of this line, ought all to be sent to the state prison for this day's work; and the passengers certainly would, but while T was calling for a constable to arrest them at Harrisburg, they disappeared. It is doubtless, the first time that a female was attack- ed by four men, in open daylight, in the United States' mail stage. HARRISBURG. I merely passed through Harrisburg on my way to Pitts- burg:, intending to spend some time in it on my return, as the legislature would then be sitting, and 1 would have the pleasure of seeing the members. I arrived about noon. Proceeding do wn the Juniata first, and the Susquehanna to Harrisburg, through the Blue mountains. The scenery on these two rivers, is not sur- passed by any in the Union. Just at a point designed by nature for the metropolis of this ludependent state, stands Harrisburg, on the bank of the Susquehanna, in the heart of the finest land in Penn- sylvania. The surrounding country is beautifully diver- sified by rifting grounds and fertile plains. The site of the town rises from the river back, until it gains a consid- erable eminence; on the top of this, the capitol of the stale legislature is built— one of the finest buildings in the United States, and beyond dispute, the most convenient. The summit of the eminence is level, and on each side of the capitol stands three other buildings, for the public of- fices and arms, and show to great advantage. But the view firom the cupola of the capitol, is unrivalled by any HAUttlSUUHG. 253 view off the seaboard. The town below, the'broad Sus- quehanna, with its superb bridge; the farms and gardens, and the Blue mountains — it is the most triumphant display of beauty and grandeur to he met with in the states. — The architect of the capitol deserves much credit. There is no hide and go seek holes in it like our capitol at the city of Washington. A handsome gallery runs round the building, equi-distant from the base and the top on the outside; and doors open to this platform, on which you may have a delightful promenade. The representative Hall, is large and very splendid — the furniture is rich and costly, and the speaker's chair is mote superb than that of Congress Hall. The Senate Chamber is larger than that at Washington, and both are well lighted. They have no galleries — seats for strangers ,are on the same floor, behind the bar, raised like those of the halls. I.was present during the debates, and was much pleased with the good order and plain independence of the mem- bers. I stopped at Mr. Buehler's, and was waited on that even- ing by a number of the members — also by my old friend Gen. Swift. This being Saturday, I was invited to go to church the next day; a carriage and escort was at my ser- vice, after the arrangements, to which I consented, and the gentlemen withdrew. Next morning Gen. Ogle, the old 76, attended with a barouch and five or six outriders, and thus honored, 1 was led to the front pew, which had been reserved for the purpose. Next day I was escorted to the Senate, where I found matter enough for my pen. The' first thing I did, was to select those ihembers who voted for chartering the Sunday School Union. These were pointed out to rno by a friend; and I candidly be- lieve tli«y sincereljT repent of the infamous transaction. — The speaker of the Senate, Mr. Sturgeon, one of the vo- ters, is a stout young looking man, with rather coarse fea- tures; his face is round and complexion dark, but his countenance is open and artless; his manners are plain and displays great independence and Self-possession; though 22— Vol. II. 254 HARRISBURG. a farmer-like man, was perfectly unembarrassed; spoke audibly, and never appeared to miss his duties. They go on very rapidly with business in both houses, sit after dinner, and even until bed- time, in committees. But go with the blue-skins. Hon. Brown, is the hardest cut of the whole, he drinks . water. Oh! the sinner. He is of good size, nei- ther old nor young, with a broad red face — he turns all his hair upon the top of his head in narrow braids to hide his bald pate, has a gander eye and sly countenance. Hon. [this distinction is only due to senators,] King, I have mentioned in my 1 st vol. — He has a very heavy brow and a piercing black eye; he voted for the charter, Hon, Duncan, same corps, is not a bad looking man, and a good speaker The Presbyterian hardness was there. He and the Hon. Sullivan, resemble very much, and the flint does not look harder. They have triangular red faces, high cheek bones and blue eyes. They are cold blooded men. Hon. Fullerton, same, is an elderly stout man, a little gray, with a large pale face, and the finest eye in mortal , head; large, full, soft and black — his' countenance is mild and benevolent, and his actions accord therewith. He supports a fair reputation, and nothing but the most be- sotted bigotry could have led him into the snare of Dr. Ely. ^ ^ - . . Hon. Hay, is mentioned in 1st Vol. under the head of Philadelphia He has a keen intelligent face, and could swing off an hundred heretics to the hour Hon. Logan. (Sunday school too,) is keen for uniting church and state; he openly avows it, and is a warm friend 01 Dv. Ely's.* May both their HEADS be severed from their shoulders, before we see the day. The others do not deserve a place in the history of their country. Theliberalmen form a gieat contrast to these— there was the towering Gen. Ogle, grown gray in the senate; re- minded one of one of the Roman senators. He is a very bold animated speaker — the tear watered his benevolent cheek as he spoke in favor of the revolutionary soldiers. Hon. Hare Powell, is also a very independent, manly i iiAR^iSBUBe,. ' 255 speaker, and a fine orator. The United States and the world at large, owe much to this patriot. Had it not been for him and Dr. Burden, most probably American blood would now be running in our streets Pennsylvania has rendered her name immortal, in being the first to oppose those ferocious banditti,, ^ Hon. E. S. Kelly, was rather of ablueish cast, but is a very amiable, worthy man. He is an attorney, of good height and figure, rather light, and young looking, with an oval thin face, dark complexion, and dark hair and eyes — ^his countenance is keen, at once expressive of shrewdness and good sense. He is aifable in his man- ners, and is said to be one of the most efficient members of the senate. .. J Hon John Ryon, is one of my favorite Germans. He is a gentleman of young appearance, middling height, and well made — his face is round, full and fair, with handsome regular features, fair hair, and soft blue eyes; his counten- ance open and manly, and his manners candid and gen- erous. . , . ; s..,];, ./.^ v: V.5.: ' . ■ Hon. J. Miller, (of Perry,) is al^o a young man, tall, slender and finely shaped, with an oval, fair, smooth face, and mild dark eye, and his countenance mild and placid; his manners are peculiarly dignified and engaging. Hon. Jackson, was a poor apology. Hon. Matthias Morris, is a Yankee fronj N. H. He represents Bucks — is a tall,, fine looking man, keen and actively made, with a good face, dark complexion, and piercing black eye. He is an attorney. Hon. Krebs, is a middle aged man, rather intelligent and genteel in his appearance. ; . Hon. Kerling, of Delaware, is also of middle age, and jBoiddling height, oval face, with deep blue eyes, and gen- >|eel appearance. , Hon M'Clure, of Lycoming, is a handsome light fi- gure, middle aged, redish hair and eyebrows, pleasing Goutitenance, and easy manners. Hon. Ringland, of Washington, is a keen, fine figure, witii a fair face and very engagmg;,appearanee. Hon Seltzer, one of my Germans, and a good sound man; is middle aged, and respectable appearance. 256 * HAURISBUUG. Hon. John Ra)', one of the best men in Pennsylvania, German descent. He and Mr. Ryon, were sitting toge- ther; I liked their honest generous faces, and drew my chair, and leaned over the bar, against which they sat, and chatted with them some time. Mr. Ray is of middle age, dark visage, black hair, and a keen sensible black eye — I was much pleased with his generous countenancie and frank manners. J. Hunt, Esq. another senator, is from Chester county, the land of promise — he is a good honest farmer, of mid- dling age, and genteel manly figure, with honesty and inde- pendence depicted in his countenance — his complexion is middling, his face round, with good features, and a soft gray eye; his manners familiar and friendly. Hons. Dr. Burden, of Philadelphia county, and Wise, of Westmoreland, were absent at Philadelphia. Hon. Leech, of Mercer county, is also of middle age; a tall man; round, fair, small face, sharp nose, and very- pleasing countenance. Of Hon. Houston, I find nothing in my notes but chin gnd spectacles. Hon. Frederick Hambright, is another of my favorites, as generous as a prince, he is from Lancaster. No more , may be said of him. Mr. Houston, is also from Lancas- ter, but he did not happen to strike me. Hons. Drumheller, Reif, Bertolet, Scott, Hawkins, and Herbert, are all that remain of the senate. As it is the first time, the body has attracted the pen of the historian, it would have given me pleasure to have described them particularly. But from what cause I know not, they have been overlooked in my haste, or the notes lost. Must wait till next time. It is painful to close the description of this noble body of freemen, with the much lamented J. De Pui, Epq. the life, soul and pride, as well as clerk of the senate. He is no more! Cruel death al- ways culls the fairest flowers. Mr. De Pui was of Green county, and the handsomest man in the chamber; a fine towering figure, noble mien, anji the Chesterfield of the senate. Peace to his shade. HARUISfetJRG. 257 When I last saw him, he received from my hand, a set of my works, a present for the state. I shall never for- get his modest bow, as he took the books from my hand, and the sweet smile which accompanied his thanks. Col. W. S. Franklin, assistant clerk, was also an mter- esting young man, nor must I forget the door-keeper, who is also sergeant at arms, Mr. Robert Dickey, a most wor- thy and kind man, and a perfect gentleman. I never look at the exteriorof a man, I always attend to his actions. For honor of this great state; all possible honor was paid to me by the senate, from the speaker down. They know how to appreciate strangers, and by paying proper respect to their own rights, they know how to respect the rights of others. HOUSE op REPRESENTATIVES. If I was honored in the Senate, I was much more so iii the House. These noble warm hearted people received me as though I were a dear parent. It was quite a moving scene. Pennsylvania had heard of me — I was for some time cherished in her bosom, when a child. They had heard it — they had heard I was a brave man's widow— ihey had heard of my adverse fortune —they had hearii of my independence — and the respect paid to me every where. I was escorted to the house, and met at the door by two representatives; these led me up the front isle — when the speaker descended from his chair and received me with great condescention and kindness. He led me to a seat near the ifire and seated himself by my side. The speaker, Mr. Middlesworth, is not a handsome man, but his polite- ness made him shine like diamonds — I shall ever remem- ber him with gratitude and esteem — he is a middle aged man, and middling height, heavily made, with a round full face, dark complexion, and open benevolent countenance; he is a plain and friendly man. Mr. L. A. Caldwell, of Lancaster county, was every thing to me — he is of middle age and stoutly bulk, of tine appearance, and warm easy manners. *22 258 HARRisBUR.6. Robert A. Miller^ of Chester county, is likewise a mid- dle aged sound German, of good size, round face, fair oomplexion, and mild gray eyes, his countenance steady and unassuming, and a modest independence marks his unsophisticated manners. I was no less pleased with Mr. Peter Shindle, a low but good staunch firm German. I wish all our citizens were as honest and sound as Mr. Shindle. He is low and square built, and seeing the other members subscribing, he "did not care about reading or buying a book, but he vood kif a vidovv somdings," and pulled out fifty cents; more than I would have received from a missionary in an hundred years, unless it was in the price of a halter, H. Petrekin, Esq. is a fine merry soul; he despises the blues, tracts, and priestcraft. Had seen and read my Biack Book, and was delighted to hear I had dispersed the. blackcoats, and put the colleges to a stand — he was one of the school committee; he and two or three more, soon made arrangements to introduce a new and liberal mode of teaching; which we in the goodness of our hearts, and wisdom of our heads, declared and decreed, should be general in Pennsylvania, and should not contain a sin- gle priest or missionary. We were to pull down all the colleges and erect them anew. I showed them the ob- scene letters 1 received from these godly people, with the rules of the colleges. The liberal members are for a general school system. Mr. P. is a young small man, with a keen eye, and no small share of intelligence; he is an independent and spir- ited speaker, and guards against innovations with the eye of an eagle. '^*- . ,, v A. R. Fetterman, Esq is mentioned in the 1st Vol. he is from Bedford, and is also awake and oh guard. Both he and Mr. P. are attorneys. . Mr. F. is a man of more mildness, but eminent in virtue. Mr. Roberts, is a young spare man, with rather a clownish look — he speaks well; I do not know what coun- ty he is from; as a missionary stole, (I wish this was all they stole,) the paper with the names of the counties. HAKRISIJUUQ. 259 Mr. A. D. Ker, of Washington county, is a Iar*e middle aged man, with an intelligent countenance, fair complex- ion, and wears spectacles — he is a close attentive mem- ber. Gen. Krepps is a stout, portly young man, with a round, full, ruddy face— good natured open countenance, very jovial and friendly. Peter Lobach, Esq of Cumberland, is middle aged, and a fine noble figure, fair full tiace, and open manly countenance, and the pure cream of human kindness — he is quite a plain farmer looking man, little touched wijt^ the blues Rev. John Dreisbach, a Methodist priest, (I think,) is a slender thin visaged man, sallow complexion, and soft blue eyes; his coutitenance is mild, staid, and has much sweetness — his manners are easy and amiable. He is from East Buffalo, Union county. Wm. Alexander, one of the stars, is from Jvewville. — He is a middling sized man, of very fine appearance; his figure light, and his features of the best Grecian model; his countenance is mildness and intelligence itseii, and hisi manners are equally winning. Gen. Frick, is quite a rustic, with a stout figure, round face and wan countenance; he effects great siui-ularity, and is full of horse play at d horse laugh. 1 should think his heart or his head is unsound. Mr. B. Champneys, is from Lancaster; he is an attor- ney, of middling height, and rather light make, with a handsome person; his features are regular and strikiug, and visage round and fair; his countenance is prepossess- ing, and he speakes with much fluency and grace; he is quite young, and very promising;, his manners are truly engaging. } Dr. Lehman, is from Philadelphia, also a very engaging man; he is tall and kef nly made, with a small lynx t^e; his lace is oval, thin and handsome, and his countena.jce cool, ^5taid, and contemplative; he is a sensible, shrewd, business'gomg man, and a very handsome sjieaker — he is a perfect gentleman in his manners and does honor to those who elected him, 260 HARKISBURG. B. S. Bonsall, Esq. is from Philadelphia; he is a tali fine figure, and handsomely featured, with a soft full black eye, ruddy complexion, benevolent countenance, and very genteel interesting manners. He was one of our commit- tee to fix the school plan. Mr. Fisher, from York, is also a genteel good looking man. J. R Shannon is from Beaver all the way; he is one of the finest men on the floor — one of your right down warm hearted men — gets acquainted in a moment, and uses no ceremony. This is however, peculiar to Penn- sylvania, excepting Philadelphia; you cannot find a fop in the state. Mr. S. is quite a young man, stoutly made, with a round, full, handsome face, and ruddy complexion. His countenance is humanity itself, and his manners fa- cinating, in the highest degree, and is the idol of all who know him. Mr. Blodget is a young looking man, of good appear- ance, blue eyes and easy manners. Mr Rohrer is likewise a fine looking young man, good figure, handsome features and open benevolent counten- ance. Mr, Bastress, is a portly, elderly nian, with a coarse visage, rather blueish, but appears of good sound sense. Mr. Martin, of Philadelphia, is a good looking man, and fine appearance. Mr. John Galbraith, of Franklin, is a tall fine figure, with a thin oval fair face, and mild engaging countenance, and pleasant manners, and a young looking man. Mr D. Lawson, is a rough farmer looking man, of mid- dling age and good person; his face is rather dark, with a fine keen intelligent eye, and benevolent countenance. I was much surprised to find him a man of reading, and general knowledge, and one of the most active mem- bers of the house. Mr. Geo. Farrell, is an amiable man, of very pleasant manners and feeling heart, middle aged, and very intelli- gent. I cannot say whether Mr F. is a member or not. But this I can say; he is a most valuable man to society. Alas! there is jio society! But I mean virtue, innocence, HAKRISBURG. 261 and liberty. It is astonishing that the very few friends of virtue and* humanity, do hot unite for the common safety. Masonry, the last prop of society, is attacked by these savages — never was a better bait to take the unwary, and were jt not that what little learning, honesty and common sense is left from the ravages of these Tartar hordes, is found amongst the Masons, the curtain of liberty would soon drop forever. I received a complimentory note from Mr. Farrell, in approbation of the favorable opinions f expressed of Ma- sonry in my writing. The note does honor to theUnion; that if all the people in the world were Masons, no such thing ' as war and blood shed or cruelty, would disgrace the hu- man race. But this is impossible while ignorance and knavery abounds. Gen. J. Ash, of York, is also amongst the respectable members. Likewise, Messrs. Isaac Trimble, of Chester county, Arthur M'Gill, of Pittsburg, Ezra Cope, of West- Chester, John Cox, of Shippensburg, and Samuel White of Petersburg, Adams county — -these are all very amiable ^nd independent men. ' Messrs. Livingston and Boyd, deserve the fag-end of the house; both hot blue-skins of the first water, and are from Philadelphia; very little to its credit to send men to make laws, who bored their tongues and hung them — I could take a piece of maple and make bettef men if I had a Yankee carpenter. I heard Livingston say, "we have beggars enough." Very true; but if his tract-ship, applied the epithet to me, I throw it back in his face. Boyd had an old maid with him, trying to trade her off. Mr. Miller, of Philadelphia, is a very fine man, but a little touched with the blues. These are the principal members, a firm generous inde- pendent body of men as America can boast. It would seem the taste of the assembly centered in the person of its clerk. The clerk of the house is the pride of the Susquehanna, and beyond question, the most per- fect model of manliness in the state, or perhaps in Ame- rica'. He is about six feet, five or six inches high, with clear made limbs, perfect symmetry, young,pleasing in his 262 * HARRISBURG. manners, handsomely featured, and his gate easy and graceful; bis name is F. R. Shunk,,Esq. The officers of the state government, are also worthy respectable men — of them, the principal are Gabriel Heister, Esq surveyor-generaU and A. Mahon, Esq. trea- surer, and the auditor-general. Gen. Heister, is a rela- tion of ex Governor Heister, and a stout young looking man, with a large round fair face, dark full eyes, and ve- ry easy plain manners. His countenance is very interest- in? . Mr. Samuel Breniaer, his chief clerk, is one of the fin- est looking men in the state — he is a tall elegant figure^ (these Susquehanna people are giants,) quite a young man,- with one ol the handsomest faces in the world — his com- plexion is fair, his eyes full and blue, and the graces revel in his countenace. ^ Mr. J. D. Rupp, in the secretary's office, is rather a small man, but finely shaped, with a round fair face, and mild blue eyes — he very politely waited on me through the building, and showed me some interesting relict of antiquity, viz: the signature of James the 2d, king of Eng- land — this was written in a plain hand, while he was duke of York; signed James, to a deed to Penn. Also the original charter of Charles 2d, to Penn. The colors taken from the Hessians at Princeton — several deeds from the Indians to Penn. The first of these charters was dated in 1692, the other in 1732. I did not see the secretary of state, but found a great boar sitting in his chair. The auditor-general, David Mann, is a very tall mid- dle aged man, of pleasing manners. Mr. Mahon, the treasurer, is a stout man, middle aged, full face, with a fine blue eye, and gentlemanl} manners. Every thing was in place in his office, and the business appeared to be well conducted. Gen. David Mann, was however, the flower of the flock. Amongst the relics of old time, I met with a number of chairs used by the old congress at Philadelphia, from 35 to 40 years ago. They were very large, and newly co- vered with red morocco. ^«. harrisboro. 263 JUDGES. But one judge resides in Harrisburg. Judge Franks, he is a relation of my favorites, the Messrs. Keims of Reading, and the greatest wit and humorist of the age.—; "Oh, Mrs. R. if yOu go to Harrisburg, you must see Judge Franks — every body likes Judge Franks, he is the great- est wit in the state." s Tiie Judge having been absent, returned but a few hours previous to my departure, and 1 had the pleasure of his company but a few minutes, sufficient however, to discover his talent for wit and humor in which he ex- cels. '■ -■'■ ',-:/•■'•■ One of hiis stories was of a negro womaA, '& ^ibus ine- fhodist. She was a domestic in a merchant's house, and occupied a room adjoining the store. There was an open- ing in the partition wall, between this room and the store- room, and a barrel of coflfee stood near the opening; she set her heart upon the coffee, and drawing a chair to the spot, spread her apran out on her lap and began to draw the coffee out of the barrel, with both hands into her lap, and to prevent suspicion, began to sing a him, keeping time with her hands. But to see the J^udge mimicking, streiching out his hands and drawing ^hem in, singing, "Turn to the Lord and seek salvation, glory be to God that rules on high " Was superior to any comedy — a line for every lake. He told several anecdeitjes with admira- ble humor, and I was sorry we had to pai-t so soon. The Judge is a middle aged man, with a stout, hand- some person, fine full face, rather of the Grecian shape, and if you can imagine generosity, charity, wit and good nature, assuming a material image, you have a correct idea ol his countenance. Nothing, can give an idea of his eyes — unlike other eyes, are without any white, and ■are a si^-blue. & 2t)4 UAKRISBURG. THE BAR. The bar of Harrisburg, is about so so. A Yankee, Mr. Wood, was tolerable; they are always fond of books. Mr. "W. IS a middle sized man, of rather young appearance, handsome round fair face, and full blue eye — he has all the ea»e and cordial manners of the Yankees, and has a very interesting'family. - i i .' -K Mr. Maginness, one of the best of men, is no jinore. Hf was a middle aged, stout polished man, and one of the most pleasing, generous men in Pennsylvania. Peace to his shade. Wra. Ayres, Esq. of the bar, is a fine looking, stout man, very liberal* and gay in his manners, and hates the blues — -he is very promising, being a young man. Geo. W. Harris, Esq. is a desceadent of Col Harris. who gave name to Hairisburg. He is a very amiable young man of interesting appearance and genteel manners. These were all of the bar that fell in my way. The libera! part of the citizens of Harrisburg are rather in the minotity; the greatest part being Scotch-Irish. Messrs. Henry Beader, Jacob Puck,Samuel Haldeman, A. D. Kellfer, John Cameron, Henry W. Godwin, and H. Alward All gentlemen of generosity and kindness, and with a few others to come yet, keep the body and soui of Harrisburg together. They are plain sensible men, and are friendlV to the whole human race. Governor Slulze, I mentioned in 1st Vol. I found him the same — pleasant and friendly. Also Messrs. Peacock and Stambaugh, first and last, these were amongst the first citizens of Harrisburg, Mr. Stambaugh, especially, is one of the most humane, benevolent men on earth.* Mr. Wyeth, (mentioned before,) was my bookseller, and a faithful, friendly agent, extremely polite, and ren- dered me many essential services in Harrisburg, yet I was hurt to find him unfriendly to Masonry. The ene- mies of Masonry, however are * Mis. Stambaugh is an exception of her aex i^%. IIABRISBUBG. i26u "Vapours fashioned bj the breeze, Aspen leaves on brittle trees." They are strong in Harrisburg. Nor must I forget Master Lewis Wyeth, the most charming youth I ever saw. Mr. Fahnestook, I think the Prothonotary, one of the finest jolly souls in Harrisburg, a genuine German, and hates the blues — he is a middle aged, stout and hand- some, and carries his soul in his body, always re£jdy to relieve the widow and the orphan. I met with Mr. Sny- der in his office, another warm hearted gentleman. Mr. Samuel Shoch, was there too, all kind and glad to see m?, (but a shabby lawyer, who ran away,) I coul^d have spent my days with them. Mr. John H. Foster, cashier of the bank, is the pride of Harrisburg. He as well as the chief clerk, Mr. M'Cor- mick, are also attornies. Mr. F. is a tall, beautiful fi- gure, middle aged, with a keen gray eye and oval face, and a man of shining manners. It would be almost a sin to add more, though I could without exhausting the sub- ject. Mr. James M'Cormick, his clerk, is another Ado- nis — a tall, light, neat figure, fair round face, with the fugitive graces dancing over it, and a soft blue eye beam- ing beneath his mild brow. But of all wild beasts, the cashier or what you will, of the other bank, exceeded; and what makes him ten times uglier, he has the prettiest wife in the Union. As we move on the same side, we come to Mr. Wm. H. Doll, a respectable jeweler, an amiable man. I know but one more, Rev. Kay, the Unitarian parson. Mr. K. is of England, is a perfect gentleman, and his family highly accomplished. But this is common to Unitarians, they are greatly ahead of other sects in mental improvement. Dr. Keagy, I mentioned in 1st Vol. he is still the same amiable and kind man. I met with several interesting styangers at Harrisburg, amongst these were Dr. Beaumont, of Ontario, New York. Dr. B. is the principal contractor for the Pennsylvania)^ canal . Is a man of science, talent and business — he is ra- ther a small man, of youi^ appearance, and a perfect gentleman in his manners. Pennsylvania is highly indebt-^ 23— Vol. H. ^66 HARRISBURG. ed to him for his, efficient labors and indefatigable indus' try — he was one oi the contractors for the grand canal, and well acquainted with the business. He is highly res- pected laPennsyivania. He is now engaged on the Ches- apeake and Ohio canal. * Mr. Welsh, is an editor, apd resides in York, and one of the most agreeable friendly men I met with on my tour. He is a ycuiig man, iincommonly handsome, and pleasing in his address, and the finest black eye in nature. At Harrisburg also, I met with James C Gallaher, Esq^ of Noinstown, Montgomery county, Pa. likewise a most interesting man, of highly polished manners and cultivat- ed muid 3 was particularly struck by his studied polite- ness and frieiidly conversation. John J. Shuler, of Middletown, is likewise amongst the worthies of Pa. and one of her most facinating sons— r- he is small, and quite a young man, and if 1 am not mis- taken, appertains to the army. He was grossly misused by Major K of Fort Independence at Boston, and must be knov^ n to'the War Department at Washington city. I also had the felicity to see Capt. Ellipt, , of ^Carlisle, which I have mentioned. •' ' Also a worthy young man by the name of John Can- dour, Esq. he is a very accomplished, interesting man, and received with much pleasantry the puns played off with his name. Gens. Winchester and Swift, adverted to some where bark, little need be said of them. Gen S. I have noticed r in my Sketches. Gen. Winchester, of Baltimore, is a lofty, noble figure, and amongst the first men in our coun- try — his family is ancient and respectable, and he is a man of first rate talents, nor less so is Gen. Swift. They were sent on bj Maryland to unite with the peo- ple of York, for permission of the Pennsylvania Legisla- ture, to construct the Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail Read. But it appeared this measure was strongly oppos- ed bj the Philadelphia members from motives of selfish- ness, it is said, lest Baltimore might draw the trade of the Su^quehanpa. The people of Baltimore could not have. , sent two more efficiemt men to negociate the business; HARRISBUKG. 267 but I saw it was impossible from the hostility of the Phil- adelphia members — Hare Powell opposed it like a lion. I overlooked a Mr. Henry Alwood or Al ward, (I can- not distinguish,) he is represented as middle aged, and genteel. Also, Mr. William Colder, as one of the worthy men of Harrisburg. Also a bookseller, Mr. M'Gowan, is quite a liberal man. The weather being unfavorable, 1 saw but few ladies. A few however called, amongst whom were Mrs. Catlin, Miss Burr and Glenn. The two former, the daughters of the architect who built the bridge at Harrisburg — these were by far the most accomplished females I met with in the state, and reminded me of the Boston ladies. Who- ever has seen the one may form some idea of the other; simple, plain and artless, ease and kindness, mark their manners: all nature, no art. Miss Glenn, is also a very accomplished woman, and at the head of a female seminary in Harrisburg. She is a tall, beautiful figure, and possesses a highly cultivated mind, and is the only seminary worth naming in Harris- burg I had much amusement at the house of these ladies with a red headed, good sound Presbyterian; he at- tempted to expose me by argument — "That those who opposed tracts and missionaries, were enemies to Christ" He repeated this so often I took it up, and asked, "In what part of the bible he found tracts? 1 never read the bible, I asked for information." "You never read the bible! you ought to read the bible." "But I think for myself." "Every one ought to read the bible-" "But sir, I am afraid if I were to read the bible, I might be guilty of the crimes those are who do read it " "Oh, if you deny the bible and the christian religion, I have no more to say, I am done." There was, a large party -present. — "Now gentlemen, this blue skin just proves what he is? see his hypocrisy; at the very time, agreeably to him, he ought to have the most to do with me, he deserts me." — The company burst into a loud laugh, aad the blue-skin picked up his hat and walked off. 268 JiA^liRlSBURG. I also 1: "d u great deal of amusement with aunt Tabby, an old r lia, the great grand mother of all the missiona- ry sociraes in Harrisburg, "I hope I have the honor of belonging to the missionaries," said aunt Tabby. Every one knows her. THE TOAST. When my departure drew near, the gentlemen of Har- risburg were pleased to honor me with a dinner. Without flattering Mr. Wilson, at whose tavern the dinner was given; it was the most splendid I ever saw in the western or eastern states. But the Toast. — I was supported on the right by Gen- Ogle, the oldest general of the revolution, and on the left by Gen. Wise. I was asked whom I would have in front, I replied, the editors, my greatest friends. Accordingly, three editors sat before me, of whom Mr. Stambaugh of the Reporter, was one. While I was thus honored, Mr. Hay, of the Centinel, came up behind me, and leaning on my chair proposed a reconciliation I always come to the point at once, and taking a glass of wine, proposed he would abjure blue- skinism forever. This was a tough pill, he hummed and hawed some time — Mr. Stambaugh finding he hesitated, filled up a glass and said, "I will pledge you Mrs. Royall, Blue- skins ^ may all their throats he mtP Harrisburg contains between three and four thousand inhabitants; and besides the buildings mentioned, has a magnificent Masonic hall, a court-house, prison and sev- eral churches. HISTORY. Harrisburg was originally known as Harris' ferry, and was laid out as a town by Mr. Harris' son, about the end of the last century. The same gentleman was late a me m- berof Congress, and still resides in Harrisburg, thouijh I had not the pleasure to see him. I saw, however, the fa- mous Mr. Blair, who, though a rank blue-skin, deserves VisiT TO toM: 269 much credit for making the northern turnp&e '-he was an old man, and as sour as a Crab-appre. 1 met ., h sev- eral Jews in my tour, very fine men About to take leave, • have a word oT praise to bestow on Mr. Bueliler of the tavern, that in attention, rooms ar.d table, he de'^ervf^s the patronage of the public: and no h-'ss does Mr. Wilson. Harrisbuig excels in good lavei'os and hoarding -houses: and as to mnmbers of tlie StsU-;, tiiey are not behind any men in America in (•ouiif\sy, good sensr^, and good hearts. Long may they remam the strongest pillar of the Union! VISIT TO YORK. On the coldest, snowy, blustering day I ever felt, about one o'clock, P. M. I took the stage for Yoik with my friend and favorite, xMr. Welsh of that town. We pass- ed through the same beautiful country, f travelled upon my route to Pittsburg, viz. tiirough Middietown, and over Swatara river — but the snow poured down to such a de- gree that we could not see ten steps before us, and I be- came so chilled with the cold that Mr. Welsh, one of the humane fraternity, pulled off his upper cloak and put it round me. The Susquehanna, we crossed little a above Columbia. But the sight of the river was terrific; the waves rolling high, the ice running, and a demi-flood from the melting of the snow, and nothing but a skiff to cross in. My trunks were piled up in the bow, and wrapped up in Mr. Welsh's cloak, which he held round me, and laid across his lap that the wind might not blow me overboard, we stood for the opposite shore, contending with ice, snow, wind, and flood, one mile — no other woman, except- ing a sqiiaw, would have crossed the river this dav- We had now a long way to go after sunset, ar.d as cold as Greenland. About nine o'clock we arrived at *23 270 YORK. YORK, When I was met at the door of the tavern by five or six gentlemen, who expected me in that evening's stage, and who literally carried me into the house. Here was great joy. Mr. Barthee, a French gentle- man, and several others whom I had seen in Harrisburg, apprised of my intended arrival, were at the tavern rea- dy to receive me. Thus carressed, as I wa>^, on all sides, a warm room and a hot cup of tea soon restored my spir- its and converse. They had heard every thing about me from the papers and from my friends. I was perfectly ac- quainted. We laughed at the missionaries, tracts, and bible societies; and the house rang with mirth and glee till a late hour, when Mr. Welsh, who never yet left my side, took leave and I retired to my chamber. York is situated in a rich plain, on a stream called the Codorus, and used to be called Little York in the time of the revolution, and is fiamous in the history of the war. It is an old town and contains nearly 5,000 inhabitants; and is the capital of York county. It is about 80 miles south-west from Philadelphia, and about a days journey north of Baltimore. It contains a court-house, prison, an academy, several churches, and does much business; though it is about stationary, as it is cut oiF from all ad- vantages of trade in the canalling business. It appears that Philadelphia is determined to sacrifice \ork to its own selfishness, lest by extending navigation to the latter, Baltimore would be benefited. I cannot say I feel much interested for the tongue boring Baltimore, as they en- courage missionaries rather too much for me. But I do think it is hard on York; the legislature will not consent to its making a rail-road, even at its own expense, so that they are held as slaves to the caprice of Philadelphia, consequently York must go down. York is regularly laid out like Philadelphia, and some of the houses are well built of brick, some of wood, and a few of stone. The court house is an ancient and res- pectable pile, built by Penn m 1749. In this building the YORK. 271 sword presented to General Lafayette by the state, was delivered to him; 1 was in the room, it is on the eecOiid story to the lelt. The court sits in the lower story on a plain unpainted bench — every thing plain; nor has the bar, box, or bench, ever been painted. Court was in session at the time, and whom think you, was the presiding judge? Even the wooden nutmeg man, mentioned in the 1st Vol. who travelled with me from Lancaster. It would actually appear that mankind was not intend- ed to be free — here is a race of men as brave as Ceesar, fought and bled, and suffeied untold hardships. Who fought harder for liberty tiian Pennsylvania.'' I never read of their bleeding feet, but I shed tears. This is forgot! A new race has sprung up, unworthy as they are ignorant of the blessing. What under Heaven, but their inability to govern them- selves, could possess them to make this blue skin Yankee a judge over liberal, honest men? CoUld they not find a native Pennsylvanian? They are guilty of treason to them- selves. His honor bad not taken his seat, and a number of good honest farmers being assembled in the couit-house— I made them a speech upon the subject, which was received with great approbation. I told them of the danger of en- couragmg these blue-skin pedlers, and how they would peddle themselves into favor with the women, and then into their money chests. They gazed at me in astonish- ment — never came into their heads that Pennsylvanians would make as good judges as Yankees. My pursuits left me but one day to spend at York, and my parlor was thronged during the time, the crowd was formidable, the house could not contain them; the street and back-yards were covered. But my guardian angels formed a phalanx around me; look behind when I would, Barthee, or some of the faternity was always at my back. Mr. Barthee, is a light figure, dark complexion, thin oval face, with a soft black eye, and a countenance of uncom- mon sweetness; his manners, what we might suppose, candid and genteel. 272 YORK. Gen. Ash, is a tall, slender, laaiddle aged man, of tine appearai'CP, and elegant manners Gen. Jacob Spangler, is likewise a noble figure, and a most excellent man. Gen. Michael Daudel, Col. James A. Connelly, Messrs. James B. Webb, David Duck}, Henry Snyder, and Mr. Porter, with those who have gone before; ar ^ the cream of York, and are some of our best men. The tavern keep, er, M'Graih, was very attentive and keeps a good house. I me« with Mr. Charles G. A. Barnetz and Mr. Farel- er, (1 cannot distinguish the last name,) and Mr. William Harry. The latter lived ten miles from York, a most gentleman-like man I am under great obligations to this gentleman, and hope we may meet again. Mr Barnetz, lives about a mile from York, and is one of the most use- ful men in the state. He is one of the best farmers in the fiist place, and in the second place, he employs a larger capital in the improvement of stock of all sorts, from the horse down to the goose He is sa'^d to have the best breed of cattle in Pennsylvania; he has sold $4,000 worth of cattle in one year, of his own raising! independently of other stock John Bull may boast as he pleases a^out hi'^ fine farms — Germany may boast of her princes and Scotland of her lairds and her kad; but give me a Penn- sylvania German farmer. The Germans are the foundation and the top-stone of the wealth, strength, and independence ot Pennsylvania, I have just heard from Congress and the Sunday mail men, the amount of which is, whether we will surrender our liberties or not! There ought to be a decided nee^a- tiv«- given to such an insolent request at once, and put the matter at rest forever. If Congress has hot the power to do so, warranted as they are by the constitution, then they are like the "Indian's knife, a great gew-gaw handle without a blade." They certainly have the power to de- clare all public enemies, who are such 1 had the pleasure of meeting with Mr. John Smith and his lady, at York. Mr. Smith is mentioned in 1st Vol. of tb^ Black Book; he is a citizen of N. York, and has a sum- mer residence at Sing-Sing, on the Hudson river. YORK. 273 I had often met with Mr. Smith, but never saw his lady until riew; she is the handsomest and at once the most ac- complished female I ever saw from that city. They were returning from Washington city, where they had been on a visit, I had intended to visit Gettysburg and Emmitsburg — my heart was particularly set on these two places, espe- cially, as I had known one of the proprietors of the form- er. I was furnished with letters to Rev. P. Egan, presi- dent of "Mount St. Mary's Seminary," of whom I had heard the highest commendation. But unfortunately there was no regular stage, and I hastened to Washington. APPENDIX, I MET with nothing extraordinary upon the road from York to Washington, where I arrived 23d January, 1829. I had written to Washington — " I would arrive on that day" — and sent money to purchase wood, and gave instruction to have a fire in my parlour and every thing in readiness, for the moment I ar- rived I must go to writing. What was my astonishment to find my young woman absent. No fire! no wood!— and my time having nearly run out for the third Black Book, I went to writing without a fire! and to, my astonish- ment not a neighbor could give me any intelligence of my woman. Late one evening, about three weeks afterwards, she came in with a thumping young Missionary under her cloak — a fine hoy, the very image of Holy Willy. And *« whose is that?" — " 1 don't know, madam. ." Why do you bring it to me?" — <« I don't bring it to you, I am taking it to my sis- ter to nurse, and just called in to see you." Why cannot the mother nurse it?— «» she is a young lady and a great family, and the thing U a secret, and I got good wages," Sec. &c. This is the beau- ty of religion, and much better than throwing them in the canal or cutting their throats at church doors. This child is now eight months oldj well grown, and begins to say •'« tracts" already. Mr. Danforth of the Infant School, it is said, is to have him. Meantime it appears a scheme had been laid amongst the godly of Capitol Hill> to convert me 1 2 APPENDIX. either with or without my consent. To this end holy mobs of boys (black and white) would beset my house with showers of stones — yel — blow horns, and call me holy names. This was usuallyat night, when the "out-pouring of divine goodness" is most powerful. All this has been published. Meanwhile, as I still testified a stubborn spirit, Holy Willy, moved with compassion for my lost state, would often be seen under my window with his hands and eyes raised to heaven in silent prayer for the convertion of my soul. In this, however, I might be mistaken as there was another lost sinner under my room. She had strayed from the path of rectitude and had two douce colored children; and whether the holy maji's prayers were designed for her or me, I am not able to say. But it is clear he could have nothing but the good of our souls in view. What else could bring so pious a man there? But I was a hardened sinner. Neither the pray- ing in the Engine house, or the pious stone throw- ings — Holy Willy's visits, nor even Preacher Thunder (who has returned with a large recruit of twenty-four pounders) was likely to have any ef- fect, and I was lost if some more pious method was not resorted to. About this time a council was held to which all the good pious men of Capitol Hill repaired. Amongst these were some mighty good pious souls who were turned out of office, and others who expected to be turned out. This revived good holy pious feelings in their bosoms, and glo- rious were the out-pouring of the divine grace. — *' Oh that we had our holy religion established," said Mucklewrath, **- we would bring this heretic to a speedy repentance. ** Yes," said Hallelujah, liolding forth, «' the inquisition is the thing: it would open her eyes to the light of our holy and precious religion." AI'PENDIX. 6 Simon Sulpher who had been closely engaged "with the Lord, breathing pious ejaculations, beged leave to be heard. My friend Coklkail, who had been chosen moderator, said « Speak on brother, for, Lord be thankit, I hae nae ill will against the leddy, gude though she hae call'd us names, and * has set the world in a roar o' laughing at us.' " « I think, for my part," said Simon Sulpher, <« this woman is beyond grace, and if we can fall on some plan to remove her, that we might serve the Lord in peace, it would be best and never mind her soul, a civil prosecution is our only hope." ♦•' I second the motion," said Holy Willy, <« a little coertion is sometimes attended with salutary effects. Our holy meetings yeilds no refreshment to my soul so long as this heretic eats, drinks and sleeps, in peace." He spoke this with power and great boldness in the Lord — took a drink of water from a glass which stood before him, wiped hi& mouth, and sat down. Mucklewrath spoke next; not being a gifted man, he said but little. One of the Raws spoke next: — «* Gentlemen, if we let this woman alone, I mean if we suffer her, gentlemen to write more Black Books, she will Black Book us all out of the office, 1 can swear to that. I sup- pose you've heard of — being turned out to-day^ and I'm of opinion she ought to be had up, that is ] think, she ought not to be let alone for writing these Black Books. They say she is writing one now that's as bold as Beelzebub, and all them mem- bers of Congress bleevs every word that's in them books, [quite probable] and I'm sure there's not a word of truth in them to my sartin knowledge. I can swear that any day." " Well well," said Ho- ly Willy, " we'll see about that very good idea, Mr. Raw." Mr. Love Lady rose next — " Gentle- men, I am partly of your opinion, yet I would rather recommend mild measures. Love overcomes all things you know, and you'll admit that I have been a useful member in the church. I hav& 4 APPENDIX. brought many a wandering sister to a true sense of the love of God; and if I may express myself, I must say my bowels yearns over this poor lost sin- ner. Let me try what ran be done.* Holy Willy shook his head, and a murmur ran through the as- sembly, and no one seconded the motion, as my friend (who was present) informed me. For some time there was a dead silence, when counsellor Raw took the floor. He began by saying — " He was clearly of opinion that I might be prosecuted on various grounds. She is a disturber of the peace. Even cats could not mew for her. She wished to stop good pious boys from throwing stones on the Sabbath, and objects to mobs parad- ing the streets at night, or pulling down houses, carrying off carts and steps, and other pious things; she even refused to let Justice Young and Judge Throwstones- sons play ball against her room door. Why it is only the other day she had the assurance to go to our corporation for a warrant to turn some' mighty good pious ladies of Capitol Hill out of her own house. This you'll all admit is not to be suffered amongst us good pious people of Capitol Hill. This, gentlemen, will support an action of itself: only put the law on her, and she'll soon leave our good pious neighborhood, so that cats may mew in peace, and our pious young ladies and girls may walk the streets — ay, did she not say in the hearing of some very good people of Capitol Hill, that it was audacious for parents to let girls walk the pavements with coloied boys. — ■ Now, gentlemen, you all know that she is a heretic by this." Counsellor Raw's speech was received with great * It was about this time that Love Lady's aon-in-Iaw, Johnney ^aio, walking with several gentlemen and ladies through the Cap- itol, came suddenly upon this shining light of the gospel, while he was in the act of converting a colored woman. They were both in a state of nature, so that it seems even our Capitol is also ap- propriated to holy purposes. It was his daughter that lilced to have fainted when I drove the cats away. APPENDIX. S applause. Some praised his wisdom, while all ap~ plaiided his piety. Holy Willy seemed rather doubtful — *« Statutes'' said he " some old laws for slight crimes, and our business is to find evidence. For instance, drunk- enness — let us take up that — you know — all the ladies — you understand; that will put her in the Work-house. Can any of you say." Had I been a drunkard, a street-walker or a missionary, I should have been safe enough; for it is well ascertained I was the only woman on the Hill who was clear of those virtues. " No," replied Hallelujah, holding forth, « I have enquired the whole city over, and all thos^ who knew her, says she never drinks even a glass of wine." It appears my godly friends had been at great trouble enquiring over the wliole country wherever I had travelled, and corresponding with pious good men to pick some hole in my reputation for the good of my soul. Which of them could sustain such a trial? " Weel, weel," said Coldkail, *< we^l mack nae bustle aboot it noo. Let's a' meet this day eight days, and I'll hae a few cannie books. I'll con them owre wi muckle care at hame. She's as douceahereteekas e're was stretch'd on eeron spike, prying into a' focks business. For, by myself, then, honest Toby and holy Nurse mon be turned oot o' house and hame by her glibe pen; and she'll ne're stop, I ken her weel freends, till she clears MS a' oot o' oflSce; and gin ye find eveedence I'll find law: so gude een' freends: a' must meet here as we at first decreed. The assembly broke up for that time, and every one was engaged in prayer and supplication to heaven during the interval, that the Lord would come down in his power and aid them in convert- ing so obdurate a sinner. Love Lady would cjivpy loads of tracts by my i* 6 APPENDIX. door, and crying out, in the fervency of Lis heai-t *' who wants to go to heaven? here is your passport: read this." His soul seemed as though it had wings. One night, after praying amongst those mighty good pious ladies—" Ah," said he, smack- ing his lips, " I'de rather spend on hour in this way than to be at the greatest feast in the world." For the best of reasons. Meantime the day of adjournment came round, and a larger party than before assembled. Cold- kail in his researches had succeeded beyond his wishes, and counsellor Raw had not been idle. " Oh I have it freends, (taking a bundle from under his arm) I have seen liis honor, and he is ooi's. He has a right gude will to oor side, de ye know. I stepid ower to his Honor's for a book, ye'l! mind, and there I lights on the vara thing it- sell; and, for by that, I larend this hereteek has of- fered a great indeegnity to his honor. All the bet- ter, ye mind — so gin ye'll mack oot the ae thing, I'll mack oot the tither. To he plain wi ye; gin ye'll find witnesses I'll find law. But why do I talk, here's the books." Coldkail now opened a large book, while the as- sembly drew up in breathless impatience. Many places were marked in the book, which were point- ed out to the pious ssembly. Some were read, and others merely pointed to with the finger of christian love and evangelical exultation. The scene that followed was a complete REVIVAL. The house rang with praises to , and all pre- sent /^/i the worth of the Bible and evangelical tracts. It was a complete out-pouring. My friend, being elbowed out, could only distin- guish broken sentences, such as *' Cart-tail — Duck- ing-stool — Sabbath-School — Fine and imprison- ment — Outpouring — Nuisance— Lord M ansfield — We'll tie her neck and heels— Glorious gospel — ■ Virago — Only let us get hold of Jier — Vital reli- gion — I wish we could hang her— The Holy Bi- APPENDIX. 7 Ij^e—Drownin::^ will do as well — Judge Holt, page 326 — Revealed religion— Statute, Henry the VIII. — Refreshing revivals." All the statutes of England were read or search- ed down to George III. in the true christian spirit. I was pleased that the gospel spreaders were so deeply interested for my soul [my body was to go to pot] that the et'a?i|"eiica/ tractical-biblical-sabbath school-])rayer meeting, good, honest, pious, sound Presbyterians of Capitol Hill, had come to a reso- lution to convert me. After uniting in solemn prayer and thanksgiving, tlie meeting bioke up. Meantime a number of drunken chaiacters came to my house daily — some- times in the dead of night to buy sweet drams. Some would want one thing, some another. One of these fellows stole in one day without knocking I lived in the second story, and hearing footsteps. I walked to the head of the stairs and be- held a shabby man with a woman's checked apron in his hand. He continued to advance. *' Stop, sir," said I, " what do you want?" "I came to buy some meal." *' Who sent you to me for meal?" — • " The people at that blue house," meaning Captain Coyle's, to which he pointed. Every one may guess what this was done for. While these were sent to my door, a holy shoemaker, opposite, kept watch. He could swear that this kind of company visited my house. The good pious shoemaker, however, discovered too many coaches, &c. stop- ing at my door. This was cold iron to the party. It may as well be explained here, that the good pious people of Capitol HiU were only the cat-paws of Dr. Ely and Pope Duffield, the agents of the General Assembly* But these would never have dared to make the attempt but for the items in first * Thank God Dickinson College is broke up, and !N''is3 S., the old maid, and the professors turned into a comedy I j«|j saw a copy of the play, lately printed at Carlilse Gen. Gibson %nd Col. Towson, it is sud, is to have a place in the ne«( edition. 8 APPENDIX. volume of my Pennsylvanian. These items raised the wind; and all the discarded officers, and those that expected to be turned out, offered their ser- vices. I had long thwarted the godly people. Now was their time to measure their strength, if ever. Many weighty state matters were at stake — the new Congress was soon to meet — I had influence there— I would be infavor of turn otit — I would unite with ray friends in Congress to oppose the Sunday- mail-bill — I was a bar to all their out-pourings — I even foretold the swindling of Nurse and Watkins — I told too many truths — I must be put down — but how was it to be done? I had powerful friends — . Who can they be? She must have powerful friends or she would never dare to attack the first people in the government. She must have some secret friend. She has thrown off the mask and came out a Jackson man. It must be some of these. A prosecution is the thing to draw them from their biding places. We will then attack them separate- ly, and may finally overcome." Of all this, I was apprised; and to save trouble, if Dr. Ely, Duffield, and their tools of Capitol Hill wish to know my friends, their names are at their service, viz: — Truth and Independence. It is needless to name ray enemies. Had they not been fools as well as knaves, they might have known my friends. Those who vindicate truth have the whole world for theip friends. « Law, law^ law, is^ the thing. [The gos- pel was taking a nap.] Put her in jeopardy, you will soon find her friends. This will show how far the administration is with us. It will prove whether the President is of the true evangelical faith or not." The party prayed again and had a precious out-pouring. All who opposed reform flocked to the holy standard. These were backed by the good sound Presbyterians throughout the unicm, la^ith oaths and money at their service. So that jmy convertion mi^ht be called a law-full con- vention and fuU of law. Tius armed the cpusade be- APPENDIX. 9 gan against an oM woman, ft was David anfl Goliah. Meantimie, as success was donbtful, despurate at- tempts were made to dislodge me fiom my strong hold — my house tormented tiiem — I could see all their out-pouring — It overlooked the whole city — *« yea even unto Dan," and as darkness favors villainy, these mobs always came in the night. — But I was firm as a rock, and to the Grand Jury they went; and not being agreed on the crime, re- solved to trust to the Lord and a good conscience. Butsach another indictment [it ought to have been in the play] was never upon record — " I being an evil disposed person, abused the mighty good pious people of Capitol Hill, in such things as saying, the child found in the canal was the fruits of their cat- ter walling, as she is pleased to call prayer meet- ing," and here we had [drawn up by Justice Young] *' such as saying" in every sentence. The paper was copied and lianded about, and laughed at for a week, and I was summoned to appear, to the dis- grace of America, on this paper. I burst into a laugh in the face of the Court, and was dismissed. But they sought the Lord, day and night, and by his help the Grand Jury, in about eight days writ- ing, found another bill, for simple misdemeanor only; and upon this, I was tried. The indictment contained three charges, viz: — <^ A public nuisance, a common brawler and a common scold." Every legal man will be astonished, that the Grand Jury of our metropolis, should be so ignorant as not to know these charges could not be brought before them. A drunkard, or an abandoned woman in- festing the streets can be committed to the work- house as a common nuisance; but no such thing is cognizable by a Grand Jury; and had I been one of those characters, I should have been safe enough, as they are too popular on Capitol Hill or any other hill in the city.* * Every one recollects Doctor May's pulling a tooth for Mrs. Covle. 10 APPENDIX. Meanwhile the pious prosecntors, wishing to feel the pulse of public opinion before the Grand Jury found (what no one «lse would find,) a true bill, circulated through the city, that I had fled from prosecution — that I was in prison, and various other out-pourings of the gospel. One man says to me, " Why, when did you return to the city? I have a letter for you several days, but did not know where to send it." Another, " When did you get out of prison?" I do not blame the holy people for iieing, but I blame others for believing them. At length the trial came on. Two of the counts were quashed by the Court, and that of a common SGoId was sustained, and I made my courtesy before tiieir honors, Judges Cranch, Thruston and the. - sweet Morsel. Judge C. was described formerly as resembling Judge Marshall. This is incorrect, owing to my having seen him but once in the dusk of the evening. He is younger than the Chief Justice; has a longer face, with a good deal of the pumpkin in it, [though my friend said the pumpkin was in his head.] Let this be as it may, I was always partial to Judge C. because he was a Yankee — a Unitariarif and a near relation of my friend the ex-president Adams, whom I shall always remember with gratitude and esteem. Let my Jackson friends say what they please, I never blamed him for the corruption that has crept into the government. I blamed Mr. Madison and Mr. Monroe for putting such people into office, and why Mr. Adams should be saddled with other peo- ple's faults, I confess I have not sense enough to discover. In short the government, upon its first trial, is like any other machine, some parts proved unsound, others not fitted to the place intended. — This being ascertained upon trial, the people re- solved to new muddle it. They have the best right to do so. Let them go on. But to return. Judge Thruston is about the same age as Judge Cranch, and harder featured. He is laughing proof. He APPENDIX. 11 looks as though he had sat upon the rack alj his life, and lived upon crab-apples They are hoth about fifty years of age. The sweet Morsel, who seems to sit for his picture, is the same age, his face round and wrinkled, and resembles the road on Giandott, after the passage of a troop of hogs. He is thick and short. They all have a worn look, and never w^as three judges better matched in faces. This was the court called the long parliment by whom I was to be tried. I did not know for what. The Bar of Washington I have mentioned, but it was the first time 1 had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Cox', also Mr. Key, the author of <« The Star Spangled Banner," Mr. Hall, of the city, and a few from Alexandria. Mr. Cox and Mr. Jones undertook my defence, tiiough Mr. Jones was call- ed away before the trial was oyer and the whole of it fell upon Mr. Cox. Mr. Cox is a young looking man — a tall, erect figure — an oval, fair face and sparkling blue eyes. His features are fine and his countenance is defused with an engaging softness. His manners are elevated and prepossesing. He acted gentlemanly throughout the whole triial, and made an able defence. Mr. Smith, his partner, was also my friend, and is at once one of the hand- somest men in Washington. The Court House w^as crowded, as the trial was the first of the sort ever tried in the United States, and excited much interest I was seated in the midst of the Lawyers, who with the Marshal, Clerks, &c. paid me all possible attention and respect. The Jury sat to the right of the Bench. I did not challenge any as I hoped to be out when they were swornj but I would suppose twelve more ignorant men could not have been picked out in the District. Ihere was George Upper Leather, Will Chissel, Ovevdone Carr, Jack Pill Box, John Stirrup Leather^ Phill Yard- stick, Tom Lapstone, Dick Tape, Bob Bouncer^ Hall Saucepan, and the others 1 did not know: but it would puzzle Hogarth to paint them; and as to 12 APPENDIX. the witnesses, there was an out-pouring of them.-^ Fifteen were summoned against me: only eleven of these attended, viz: — Captain Coyle, son, and son- in law, two Dunns, some of the McCormacks, Mr. Watterston, Messrs. Frost and Harry Hedgehog, an insane man, and Machen. I shall make a proposition to my friends in Con- gress to have the whole painted and put in the Ro- tunda with our national paintings, reserving a con- spicuous place for myself. " Hear, Tsreal," the testimony of Captain Coyle He began to place his feet as though he had set in for a four hour's sermon. It was quite an out-pouring of christian love; but I have only room for a sh(trt extract. He said " I called him a d — ^ — d old bald headed son of a b h;" not only once but three times! I thought his platter face grew broarder. Now it is unnecessary for me to make any re- mark upon this, as I am personally known to more people than any one person, perhaps, in the Union. This was the identity of conscience. It was double distilled. He is the only person in the world that ever heard me sware. Mr. John Coyle, Jr. and a, son-in-law followed. Their testimony was noth- ing but a long tale of labored nonsense of no weight. But I was too much diverted with their long faces to attend to what they s^id. They had seated themselves together, flat on the carpet several hours — held down their heads, and seemed to be seeking the Lord. But such another hideous pair of doleful faces never faced a Court. They drew the eyes of e\ery one in the Court House. They had sat so long they appeared to be hipshot when they got up I think my friend Watterston follow- ed. He being a learned man in Isreal, paid me many compliments, alike honorable to himself and me. He said " I called all the Presbyterians cut- throats." I suppose he learned his speech out of the Sunday-School Union-books. Mr. Metchen of the Senate^ came next. He APPENDIX. 13 {ookcil like Satan's walking staff.. His long face, reached hair, and affected gaiety had complete stage-effect. His testimony amounted to nothing but a history of our acquaintance, of no consequence. In short there was neither sense nor weight in the whole of it, excepting Captain Coyle's. " I came into the office one day, and I said so and so." A perfect burlesque. But they were frightened to death. They shook like aspins. But one of the McCormacks set the house in a roar. He was a good natured simpleton: his A'ery countenance was the talisman to mirth. This was isport for the lawyers: they saw at once he was their man, and set him down for the butt. When he x'^'s through the testimony (a silly jar- gon.) He said " 1 sat in my window, one Sunday, vrith a book in my hand, which he supposed was my Black Book." Mr. Swann (U. States Attorney) asked — « If that was all?" " Why he could say more, but he did not like to do it in that place. — He'd rather not." We must have it, sir: it is im- portant that you tell the whole truth." " I was walking with some ladies, one day, and she asked me if I was not ashamed to walk with them old maids." '* Well may be they were old maids."— " No they wasn't, for one of them was my sister." Poor Swann was seized with such a fit of laughter, there was an end to asking questions.* In the course of his testimony he mentioned Tom Oyster- tongs, some clerk. My lawyer asked him *< how he knew that was Tom Oystertongs?'* " Why by the description, he knew it must be him. *• It was so exact, was it? " Yes, I knew him by the des- cription." He was asked, what he thought I sat in the window for? — " Why he supposed to see what was going on in the Engine House at the prayer meetings." « She could see in then?" <* yes, she could see every thing that passed." Those who have the laugh iipon then- side have the victory, 2 14 APPENplX. *' When ignorance is bliss 'tis folly to be wise." Another of the McCormacks, if I am not mista- ken, the Postmaster of Gon.^ress, that one who looks as though his face were stung by hornets — another Solomon— being s\vorn, lie steped forth, and hemed and hawed, and seemed to be tuining his words over and over in his mouth by way of cooking them. At length silence broke " And with so gnim an aspect spoke, " Those people that the circle stood in " Fancied his moutli was full of pudding." One of the Dunn's was also amusing. Every one may guess what raised the wind with them — they opjMise refornj. I went to Mrs. ^ :nin's board- ing house,* last winter, to see a friend, the hon. Mr. H(dmes of N.C., when h>! I met an old snap-dragon, who had like to have devoured me, and certainly would with the aid of this flourishing Fill, if I had not been rescued by Secretary Branch. But on my way to tlie Court, a letter was put into my hand containing a caricature of a ducking car, accompanied with a letter suited to the occa- sion. In this picture 1 was drawn, chained hard and fast in the. car. 1 he car drawn by a horse — drove by Tench Ringgold, naked with a tail like a monkey. [This is the good people of Capitol Hill.] And that he might show to advantage, he was standing up. I had a hint it was one of the Dunn's, [It is time for reform, and I hope Congress will not insult their constituents by retaining such ofli- cers.] I showed the picture to the gentlemen, who were much amused at Mr. Ringgold, but he by no means relished the joke. But Dunn is another walking-staiF — his hair mackarony — his arms over six feet extended — his face pale — nose hooked, with a grey goggle eye, Shakespeare's smile. His * I hope no decent inember of Congress will patronize such a house. Poor Tyier<°»the hounds have drove him out of the pack. APPENDIX. 15 testimony was about my rencounter with the snap- dragon, of no import; but had you seen his swells. He has seen some gentlemen pick their teeth and extend their arms. Finding the picture excited a good deal of laughter, and he often pointed at, he rolled his goggle eyes upon the company— " With a science most profound," Which proved he could " Distinguish rotten eggs from sound." He went, crying, home to his mama " She saw he'd almost broke his heart. And like a good mother took his part. *' My son I'm vexed to hear thee cry: Come tell mama the reason why." From the bottom of his wame he sighed^ And to his mama thus replied — " Oh — that Alhgator"-—the rest was lost in sobs. There was another of these Bobby Dills-— ;but Harry Hedge Hog — his voice was like « the dic- ing notes of a saw under the hands of the butcher.'* My friends advised me to take out a « writ de lu- natico inquirendo" against him. I had a notion of taking out one against the whole of them. This was all worth naming. I had but few witnesses, knowing how it would end — Secretary Eaten and a few ladies. Their testimony was clear and unequivocal, and directly opposed to the testimony of the prosecution. But, as i understood, several of the otficers of Congress svere summoned on the part of the District, I sum- moned a few too, particularly General Bailey, to rebut the testimony of Machen. The General took sick upon the strength of it, and did not appear. — Tlie next day, walking round the Capitol Square, I saw tlie General walking toward me, and as soon as he tu!*ned the corner he began to limp, and seem- ed ill. Mr. Hickey did attend, but unfortunately he was deaf in one ear [hope Congress will find a clerk that can hear out of both ears] and the good 16 APPENDIX. ear was always turned to my house and the deaf brie to the Bhie skins. But Mr. Tims, was pure gold, he never flinched. I hope the Senate may keep him in office as a re- ward for his honesty. He ought to have a statue to perpetuate tlie fact that one honest man was found in the government. He said " he never knew me to slander but two people in his life, and that was himself and Mr. Watteiston, and that was when she said we were the cleverest men in the city." This, we may say, put au end to the busi- ness for that day, as the whole were convulsed with laughter, except Judge T. In fact the whole of the examination kept the house in a roar. Such an- other ludicrous farce was never played before a judicial tribunal. Mr. Swann being worn out by his long attend- ance upon the long parliament, proposed to let the cause go to the jury without argument to which my counsel agreed, and after a short address by myself, the jury retired, hut soon returned with a verdict of guilty. It was said they were all Bla« densburg-men! This was pumpkin pie to Judge Cranch — the sweet Morsel licked out his tongue, and Judge Thrust-on looked as fiery as Mount JEtna, so dis- pleased with the verdict. The sound Presbyterians returned thanks, and I requested the Marshal, the next time I was tried, to summon twelve Tom Cats instead of Bladensburg-men. One Would have thought Overton Carr would have hung the jury forever, as he knew the prose- cution was contrary to the laws of the United ^ates. Thus we see the danger of not changing the officers of the government. See how all hung together — the chivalrous Bailey and Hickey — every soul of them but Tims, though they hated each other. Such another instance of corruption is not surpassed by any department in the govern- ment. Had I, or any other innocent person, beea APPEyDfX. 17 tried for murder, it would have been the same thing. Are these men fit to be retained in govern- ment? But the blackness of the plot is yet to unfold. Meantime, I hope Congress will see to this, as one of their wives or even themselves (as I see they have the insolence to talk of impeaching the Presi- dent) may be the next person brought up. Mr. Cox arrested the judgment, and another laughable scene took place. As soon as I waacalled on for security, my friends (sunshine friends I mean) were all seized with the epidemic, and flew out of the Court House. Somebody said « there is your friend General Van Ness, Mr. Royal." Not witft a view of asking him to be my security but to en- quire after Mrs. Van Ness, I advanced towards him. He walked off in the opposite direction. I soon overtook him — f^ How do you do. General?*' but he, like Mr. Hick^y, was deaf on that side; but he had the use of both legs, and so they eat up Ihe hog amongst them. The sun was now down, and I steped over to the other end of the Hall, with a view of sending to ap- prize my friendsj but they had heard what was wanting, and I met them in the door, and they Went my security. These were two young gentle- men, attached to the office of the National Intelli- gencer, Messrs. Thomas Bowling and Donohoo,-^ Mr. Dowling* I never saw before, and never spoke to the other! and though these gentlemen have done themselves and the noble fraternity to which they belong, immortal honor by this generous act, yet all the water of the Potomac will never wash out the foul stain of this infamous prosecution. Counsellor Jones, it has been said, was compell- ed to go to Annapolis to attend the Supreme Court; but before he left the city, he sent me word by a friend, there Was no law to convict me upon the in- dictment, and that not only the bill of rights of * I would put those corrupt clerks out atnd put these honest mdi in their places, if I had a Vote. *2 is APPENDIX. Maryland, but the constitution protected mer-tliat the statutes of England was done away by the bill of rights — that the common law only of England was in force in this country, and my case did not come under the common law, and the constitution protected the citizen • from all cruel and unusual punishments. After he went away, however, Judge C ranch hunted up an old statute of England, which was never in force in this country and was even obso- lute in England, since the reign of Queen Anne. It had been enacted when England was in a bar- barous state, and was only then in force against pick-pockets and lude characters!!l and the punish- ment was ducking* An eminent lawyer, in a neighboring city, apprized me of this also, and Mr. Cox himself said " there was no law to pun- ish you yesterday, madam, but it appears the Court has found one to day!" Now I wish to know, if instead of hunting up old obsolete statutes, it be not the duty of every Judge to support the constitution and the bill of rights which are in force in this District? I wish to know if every act of a Judge is not upon oath, and if it be not their duty to tell the jury what is law and what is not law? This they are sworn to do! This the Court did not do on this trial. Why did the Court not sum up the evidence, and tell the jury what it was? I trust the Senate of the United States will seek into this matter, and if the Judges have violated the constitution, put it out of their pow^er to do it a second time. Since our Judiciary upites with the good sound Presbyterians, it is time for honest men to units too, if there be any. No man's life is safe now, as I shall show more clearly before I have done. But to go on: all this was done, observe, to discover my friends. Now * I understand that Cambridge University has rewarded him by li, L. D. I had a better opinion of Cambridge. Oh fiel They expect another visitation from the witches* APPENDIX. 19 see the piety of these hypocrites. This was late on Saturday even- ing. The next, day on the blessed Sabbath, those wretches circula- ted a report through the city that I was in prison. This report was carefully forwarded to Secretary Eaton's. From the testimo- ny he gave in Court he was suspected to be one of those secret frjends. General Eaton not knowing them as well then as he does now,* immediately signed a bond together with the Postmaster General and others who where at his house, and sent a messenger off with it to the Marshal to release me: — And any man who would not have done so, must have had the heart of a beast. But Secretary Eaton had not the honor of being my security, though doubtless he would have considered it so. In a few days the case was argued, and Mr. Swann was beset by the patties, night and day, fqr his tenets. He acted the gentleman throughout. His address to the Court was marked with great mildness, delicacy and tenderness. He had dressed himself uncommonly neat that morning, and seemed to court the graces; nor did he court them in vain. He deserves much credit for the gentlemanly manner he conducted the prosecution, though he very ninocently raised a great laugh, by saying " he did not wish to press me too hard." Whilst he was speaking, I amused myself looking over the hard names in the old English statute. It was equal to Obediab's knots. Mr. Cox had collected all the law in the city, and proved in the clearest manner I was not a common scoldf as both the Coyle's swore this scolding should have been in the Treasury Department! and Watterston swore it was in the Library! and never once in the streets! whereas a common scold is one who infests the streets| — * These men, as I expected, discovering Secretary E. was not a brute like themselves, immediately attacked Mrs. E. (whose worth they cannot immitate) with charges as foul as they were false and malicious. The dastardly cowards! thus to make war upon women! One Whiteside, now in the pay of the government (to its disgrace) said '* he was glad Mrs. J n was dead, as she was not fit to keep company with the ladies of Washington." The members of Congress may judge of that. But Mrs. E, being very popular from the elegance of her manners and her superior understanding, stands in their way. Thus the people can see these Sunday-mail- men are for moving every obstacle that opposes them. Another falsehood — •' I am in possession of some secrets of Secretary E's and lest 1 might disclose them, he is compelled to do every think I ask him." I ask no favors of Secretary E! — I want none! not have I but one fault to find with him, and that is no secret — which is keeping such knaves as they are in office. f One who writes as much as I do has not much time to scold. From 23d January to 15th May, I wrote and published 3,500 vols. I Eve a Webster's Dictionary was appealed to. By the way, I have a crow to pick with my friend the North American, for lend- ing his paper to some idiot to puff off this twenty years labored nonsense. Does the North American think his paper can change dross into pure metal? The North American well knows that Webster and his Dictionary too, are nothing but a laughing stock for the whole country. 20 APPENMX. Capitol Hill being deserted hy every thing but copper heads and cats, the cats have talcen possession of the empty houses: these have increased till they are formidable. Meeting a troop of these cats one evening at my door with a few Toms at their head, I told them the next news would be the c— — d's drowned in the canal. It appears some of the holy people were going to pray in the Engine House, and heard me (so they said on the trial) and took it to themselves. How could I help that! I saw some people standing near my house at the time, but it being dark I could not tell whether they were black or white Injustice to the witness, he said I mentioned no names I am sorry, however, I spoke to the cats, as I have since been told there are a class of females in Wash- ington called CATS. A singular name for a woman. This was all the scolding sworn to be in the street! Much to the honor of Mr Cox, his defence was able, clear and pointed He adverted to the bill of rights! to the constitution! — and proved this savage statute had never been in force in this country; and deprecated the disgrace of introducing; such an inhu- man law into our country — too shocking for men much more an aged and respectable female, whose husband had fought for our independence. He appealed to the justice and humanity of the Court, m a style of feelmg, energy and pathos, that would have touched the heart of the most untameable savage, and urged the illegibility of the law in toto. Being thrown so many ages back, Mr. Cox was compelled to use the phrases of those barbarous ages, which was a mixture of Saxton, Roman, and iNorman. While he was pleading, I was amused with my sweet Morsel. He kept his eyes shut, and looked as though he was peeping into rat holes.—^ There was not much amusement in the looks of the other two. — Whether it was Coke upon Littleton or Littleton upon Coke, I am at a loss to say. Their faces grew as black as the hour they were appointed; and seemed to be taking different shapes It was complete stage eiTect — nothing wanting but the rack, which was at that moment actually secreted in some part' of the building, of which I shall speak shortly! As it wab a case of much importance, the Court took several days to make up their opinion It was surmised this inten-al was to ascertain the public voice — " Whether the punishment of duck- ing would be surtered to be carried into execution " What the ob- ject wras Iknow not. It would have been a serious business, to say the least; and no doubt the Court had a hint of this. One Red Jacket, at least, was in readiness for them. ' The judgment was a fine of ten dollars — the cost tifty — but who paid it, or whether it Was ever paid or not, I never heard. 1 was bound to keep the peace one year!!! No one hereafter will be surprised at the Bla- densburg Races, when they are afraid of an old womanll! Every one recollects the drunkards of Capitol Hill, in the Black Book — Why were they not bound over to keep the peace? But the main plot is yet to rnfold. Between the jjleading and the decision of the Couit, Mr. bwann was harrassed to death by the Black-coats and every effort was made to incense him against me, and was even- threatened (this is gospel) for being too lenient. Finding appearances against them, old Mr. Coyle, generally sculking round my house, made affidavit that " I met him in the street and abus- APPENDIX. ■ 21 ed him, and called him perjured." " Oh, dear sir," to Mr. Swann, " wrap* the mantle of the law around me, and save me from this woman." A great beast like him How could so small a woman as I, hurt him! If he was afraid, why did he not keep away from my house? What brought him tliere? Now the fact was this: — running down my steps in a great hurry, one evening, 1 ran plump upon Mr. Coyle. I laughed as usual, and said " we vvou'd have the pleasure of walking together. " "Ah, old woman," said he "your time is short." VVhat do you you threaten, sir? Take care — don't go too far" He either wrote or went to Judge Cranch, (can't tell which, though I heard the Judge tell it) to complain, and the Judge told him the substance must be in the form of an affidavit, and he produced the affidavit in Court, which I immed'.ately con- tradicted by another. Now 1 should like to know, whether Judges, consistent with t^eir oaths, can give advice in matters pending be- fore them? This rash effort was made to induce the court to condemn me to the punishment of ducking, so it is thought. To be prepared for this event, they had a machine made at the Navy Vard, so constructed, that I could not have survived the op- peration! The model was at the City Hall, and consisted of a shaft, which, was to be from eleven to fifteen feet in length, and at the extremity of this, I was to be fastened — this shaft was to be vfork- ed by a windlass, by a great number of people, and was to go round like a windmill, with such rapidity, that, from the circum- ferance of the sweep, thirty six or perhaps an hundred feet, first in the river and then in the air — it w^s said, I could not have sur- vived one sweep of the machine! The model* was made at the Navy Yard, and brought to the holy people for their approbation, and being approved, every thing was to be in readiness at a ino« ments warning; when I was to be instantly seized and carried off before my friends could fly to my aid — all the boys and negroes, and holy people were to be there, and shout and make a great noise; and my death, which would have been inevitable, would have been ascribed to the coldness of the water! Mr. Coyle could have easi- ly sworn fo that. Now these men are (three months since,) still in the pay of the government ! ! Old Mr Coyle and his son, both hold an office under Mr. Ingham at g2,300 per annum, and the son in law holds an office, 1 think, in the General Post Office * So goes on reform — I do not say they are to blame, but I dojsay Mr. Ingham ought to be displaced for not ridding his office of every knave he found in it. 1 hese are the pious people of Capitol Hill, who convert the hea- then — if all the world was like them, how long would it stand ? The odium of this infamous persecution, blackens the very face of humanity, and will remain an eternal blot on the American char ■ acier — and as to the Navy, I hope Congress will regulate that— This confirms my suspicions of that department, it is high time to dispense with a set of men, who has nothing to do but to make machines of death for those who feed and cloath them ! The Se- * His holy cloak droped off. * The inventor ought to have a patent right. * Old Mr. Coyle has been in nineteen years. 22 APPENDIX. cretary of the Navy, bad better hire these fellows out to work on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Secretary Branch, an upright, honest man, doubtless, was ignorant of this treachery ; but I trust he will investigate the matter, and bring the man to that puviish* raent he merits, and as to the Marme Barracks, it is a den of pi- rates and it is no longer safe to enter the enclosure, It is "due to Mr Ringgold, to say, he treated me throughout with kindness and decorum, and Col Brent watched over me night and day, though I had a strong party doing the same, of which the Coloneil was ignorant But of all the human beings, Master Wal- lack was the most attentive This amiable youth hung over my chair the whole time, with the affection of a son, and with his head bent to my ear, " What can I do for you Mrs. R, tell me what you want, I will do it for you. " The bar was also, perfectly respect- ful, while the holy people were treated with scorn and contempt. Having got through with the trial, I have only room to touch on a few leading considerations for the people m their instructions to their Representatives in Congress. These thoughts are the more readily offered to the people, as they must be convinced I atn under the influence of no party — I have no office to hope for, nor any re- ward separate from the common good. The subject which calls for serious attention, is the efforts making to renew the Sundy Mail business nekt session — their efforts are to be double this winter, and their point is to be carried if possible — fearful and dangerous combinations are forming over the whole country, to effect their pur- pose. Should they fail, Congress and the nation are to be pro- nounced infidels, of whom Hon R. M Johnston is the principal, and of course a holy crusade will be preached up- — and what many have expected a civil war must ensue. To reason on such a Case, would be madness — it is time to act— they are powerful in liumbers and vsrealth, and absolute power is their aim. If they succeed in stopping the mall on Sunday, they have gain- ed their point and our liberty is done. They have lost ground in Pennsylvania, but have gained a most alarming ascendency at the seat of government. They have succeeded in gaining the Secre- tary of the Treasury, indirectly on their side, through their vice- general, St. Clark, clerk of the H R. Whose fauU is this? Some will say the President's — I say it is the fuult of Congress for keep- mg that sly Presbyterian in. office Clark knew their weak side, and the wea:k side of Mr I. ar,d expecting to be dismissed next session, he has played a capital game — he slipped over to a house next door to Mr. Ingham, and the first we knew, wasno two men so thick as Mr. I. and Mr C. — one could not walk or ride, or take tea without the other. This accounts for Secretary Ingham re- taming the Coyles and several others of this dangerous sect in the department. Here they are as spies, and c«mmunicite every thing to their friends. If the venerable President happens to step into the department, or speak a word, ever, his manner of walking is turned mto a subject of ridicule. His house is filled with spies un- der various pretenses — ihe city is full of them, and Dr. Lly often amongst them.* They have also, a feai ful ascendency in our courts. * Dr Ely and Chaplain Post, is very thick— hope Congress may change their Chaplain, the people want no traitors encouraged. APPENDIX. 23 Many severe and shocking prosecutions have lately taken place, under charges of blasphemy, all tried by obsolete laws. They have but one step to make — may they fall to rise no more Reform goes on quite too slow, though it does require time, and to tell the truth, though some very judicious removals have been made, I think our new Cabinei is rather cowardly— as one of the sovereign people it is just my opinion. I think the fine champaign causes the whole of them to forget what they were; designed for. On the other hand this reform has taught the people a lesson, which I trust they will improve substantially for their good. They have discovered that the want of rotation in office has cre- ated a host of nobility in fact, who consider their feliow-citizens born their vassals and bound to maintain them, and that because Lord John has succeeded to the place and title of his father — his son, the young Count, ought to succeed him, and so' on-^and though they are not called by their titles, they assume the pomp, receive the revenue, and exercise sncontrolled insolence over their tellow citizens — the very source from whence they received their power. They have also learned that because one of these Lords has a pauper relation who may have six or eight children, these ser- vants, the People, must maintain him too. Mor it is not enough that he be maintained himself, but his whole kindred is clapped into office, not because they are capable, but because they are akin to the Lord. 1 know several families of these Lords now at this moment in ofFce upon no other terms 1 ! ! But the recommesda- tion is a large family of children ; so that the Government is turned into a noble Poor's House, and one class of citizens have nothing to do but " toi beget sons and daughters" for the other class to maintain. The People have learned this, though some perhaps may not. I will cite a case — Congress found more clerks in the Land Office than necessary sometime back, and dismissed a part of them by lot, and amongst others the lot fell on one Lord Henson. Sometime after this. Lord H. being a kinsman of the nobility, gets their vouchers that he has six children, and of course the vulgar people ought to maintain them, and he was ac- cordingly taken back, and receives $15,00 per annum These young Lords are fed and clothed by the hard working people and in their turn lord it over them ; and should one of those same peo- ple presume to enter one of their Lordship's palices, a black negro would slam the door in his face " But why do members of Con- gress and the Cabinet select mean, unprincipled men for office ?" This has led me to the root of the evil in our Gcvernment— be- cause these unprincipled dependents will not tell what they do. Now, I would advise Col Graham as a friend (which he is as- sured I ani) to discharge Loifd Henson, and if he cannot maintain his own children, let him seiTd them to the Poor's House- Is Government to maintain every pauper ? I can pick out a dozen superanuated old men, perhaps double the number, not worth one 24 APPENDIX. ^ cent — old Baker, McCormack and others, and a dozen in Col. Anderson's office, that are cheating the Government, and have these twenty years. Let Congress give them a pension if they must have the People's money, and not keep them stuck up there, by which the People are doul)]e loosers. These old codgers have been in since I have known Washington, not worth one cent. This is a shameful imposition, and the blackcoats too, the traitors, I can not tell how many there are, for they always run and hide when I go into the Departments. Another thing, the people complain of, is keeping negroes in office They will, however, soon have no other sort, as they outnumber the white— In short Congress ou^'ht to appoint a sharp eyed committee, and scour out these offices, and fill them fif we are tu pay them 14 to liOOJg is the least,) with men of principle, an<< who know how to do the business. The Cabinet have no right to support paupers on the people's money. These are the fellows who cry out. " unwarrantable stretches of power." " It has created sentiments [a wise sentence] of universal disapprobation." You may see they are knaves by the way they write. "Desolating policy," Was there ever such im- pudence. They see like my judges, all on one side. Now the people have maintain- ed these fellows, (besides what they filched.) say twenty years, without a murmur.— Now what provokes me, is that the President is blamed for this, wiiich I known to be false, as he was elected for this very purpose. And here we have his Grace St Clark, Lord Buroh. Lord Spiig, Viscount Dunn and fifty others whom his Grace has taken under his gracious protection. He U said to have secured the Pennsylvaiiia delegation to keen him and his tenantry in office. They have pilfered the people this thirty years. But hi? Grace will find there are other members who are not blind to the tiesigns of Ids Bibhsip and his pilfering rabble. If you drop a dollar, it is gone— y.iur handkerchief the same A fine mari- no shawl was sliped of a lady last session. Wood, candles, and stationery goes daily from the Capitol. Will the people bear this any longer? I fancy not. Thousands of dollars are filched from the people in this way. The Senate too'* It is hoped the nationmay be no longer insulted by Lowr> and Machen, thorough going Presbyte- rians. I have just seen a piece on the siibjett of Sunday-mail, which must fill every one with horror. " We will let Congress know that our rulers shall oljey us." This is from the Maine Christian Intelligencer. It would be treason to cherish ^uth vipers in the government; and as for Gen. Baily. Gen. Burch. and General Tobias who ajjpears to be kept in office upon the ground of charity. Let Congress give them a pension, if they can make so free with the people's money, and put officers in who are capable of doing their duty. Please let the jieople no longer be burdened with the paupers of Washington. I . s • • , ^>. ^^ <}> e ; 1 • .^""■^ ,< ^^-n^