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THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
THE COLUMBIA D, 
 
 % IJoem. 
 
 BY 
 
 ARCHIBALD TUCKER RITCHIE. 
 
 Me Parnassi deserta per ardua dulcis 
 
 Raptat amor : juvet ire jugis, qua nulla priorura, 
 Castalium molli divertitur orbito clivo. 
 
 But the commanding Muse my chariot guides, 
 Which o'er the dubious cliff securely rides ; 
 And pleased I am no beaten road to take, 
 But first the way to new discov'ries make. 
 
 Virg. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 jjxom tjje SLontron SEtuttou. 
 
 9 
 1876 
 
 of Wfi 
 
 NEW- YORK : 
 
 PUBLISHED BY JOHN S. TAYLOR & CO. 
 Brick Church Chapel, 145 Nassau-street. 
 
 1843. 
 

 
PREFACE. 
 
 It is not my intention, when offering the Colum- 
 biad to the public, to make any apology ; for if 
 it be worthy of attention, it will require none : if 
 it should not, any apology I can offer will not re- 
 medy the defect. 
 
 Far less do I intend to seek shelter under the 
 plea of having been induced to publish it at the 
 solicitation of my friends ; they knew nothing what- 
 ever of my intention. 
 
 There is one point, however, on which I con- 
 sider it requisite to give some explanation. I al- 
 lude to the similarity which exists in the plan, 
 
 1# 
 
VI PREFACE.. ^ 
 
 and some of the first. pails > b£ this* Canto, to me • 
 great type of allimfaring scenes sung in v^rse— ^ 
 Falconer's Shipwreck. K 
 
 I advocate, on all occasions, a strict adherence 
 to candour, and in no instance, perhaps, will it be 
 found more becoming than on the present. When 
 I commenced this Poem to assist in beguiling the 
 tedium of a protracted voyage, there was a copy of 
 The Shipwreck on board, and I read it then for 
 the first time. 
 
 The remarkable coincidence of our fate, and, per- 
 haps, the facility of finding a plan already laid down, 
 so easy of adoption, induced me to model the com- 
 mencement of the first Canto somewhat after it. On 
 reaching our destination, and being engaged in more 
 active pursuits, I discontinued writing ; and on the 
 return voyage, I dedicated my attention to another 
 part of the Poem, leaving the former unfinished and 
 in outline only until last year, when circumstances, 
 which it is unnecessary to detail, induced me to re- 
 sume and finish it. During the long period which 
 
PREFACE. Vll 
 
 intervened — nearly eighteen years — I neither looked 
 at nor thought of it, nor did ten lines of poetry of 
 any description pass through my imagination. My 
 mind was occupied with matters of a very differ- 
 ent description. This protracted intermission caused 
 me to forget how near I had adhered to the plan 
 laid down by Falconer. I neither remembered my 
 own verses nor his sufficiently to be aware how 
 closely I had followed his footsteps. To remedy 
 this, I procured a copy of The Shipwreck, and on 
 a comparison I suppressed several passages which 
 I thought too servile an imitation. Others, giving 
 a description of the ship, those on board, and the 
 disasters we suffered, I allowed to remain, from the 
 self-satisfying palliative, that as all ships have the 
 same essential requisites in common, and gales of 
 wind deal pretty much in the same way with ves- 
 sels which they overtake on a lee shore, there was 
 no more reason why I should not attempt to describe 
 these circumstances poetically, than that actual oc- 
 currences should have been suppressed on the log- 
 
Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 book, because log-books are kept on board of other 
 vessels where their proceedings are likewise recorded. 
 This appears all that is necessary to be said on 
 this point. And I fondly hope, that after a lapse 
 of so many years since the dangers of the watery 
 waste have been attempted in verse, some small 
 share of that favour with which The Shipivreck 
 was received may be awarded to that which I now 
 offer to the public. 
 
 It would be extremely gratifying to me to be 
 made aware, that any thing which the columbiad 
 contains, should have the effect of curtailing, or 
 assisting to put an entire stop to the wholesale traf- 
 fick in opium now so prevalent ; and the more so 
 as I should consider it a slight reparation for having 
 at one time, although to a very limited extent, traf- 
 ficked in this drug amongst the Malays. This 
 very questionable branch of British commerce is 
 much to be deplored as regards China. It is both 
 to be deplored and dreaded as regards the Malayan 
 Peninsula and Archipelago; for there, the popula- 
 
PREFACE. IX 
 
 tion of their thousand and one Islands, brought 
 into closer and more intimate communication with 
 the strangers who visit and who dwell amongst 
 them than in China, cannot be narcotised by this abom- 
 inable drug, without incurring the certainty of bring- 
 ing down condign retribution upon those who admin- 
 ister the means of exciting their most dangerous 
 passions ! 
 
 And thus, from motives of no higher, or more spir- 
 itual import, should it be the concern of all who feel 
 an interest in their own and their country's welfare, 
 to do what in them lies to put a stop to this demoral- 
 izing traffick. While those who can raise their souls 
 to look beyond the present, ought to be doubly zeal- 
 ous in endeavouring to put a stop to it if possible, as it 
 forms one of the greatest obstacles to the spread of 
 the gospel amongst the deluded nations of the East ; 
 for none are willing to receive the Bible from the 
 right hand of those whose left is occupied in forcing 
 the clandestine commerce of a drug which destroys 
 alike the energies of the soul and body ! 
 
X PREFACE. 
 
 Should the cosmographical views which I have 
 ventured to unfold towards the conclusion of this 
 Canto, be considered by any of my readers to be ex- 
 treme, I have to beg their indulgent forbearance until 
 the subject be thoroughly investigated, as I feel as- 
 sured, it will eventually be found, that the fact of 
 there having been a long, but, as far as we can at 
 present determine, an indefinite period during which 
 the Earth did- not rotate round its axis, is that alone 
 which can thoroughly reconcile the Works and the 
 Word of the Great Creator; and that this dogma 
 does fill up the present chasm in our knowledge 
 which is required to make both be at one. 
 
 In conclusion, I beg to point out, that I have 
 endeavoured on every possible occasion to direct 
 the spirit upwards to the Fountain of all true con- 
 fidence and happiness ; for without the soul-sustaining 
 conviction of a superintending and beneficent Provi- 
 dence, this world presents to the minds of its inhab- 
 itants little else than a wide and pathless waste over 
 which they seem to travel without a competent guide, 
 
PREFACE. XI 
 
 and without a determinate course ! But when view- 
 ed with reference to a higher overruling Power — 
 such as He Himself has been graciouly pleased to 
 reveal to us — every thing appears in a different 
 light ; the parts are found to be perfectly proportioned 
 to each other, and to blend together harmoniously. 
 The path is seen to be marked out with undeviating 
 precision, and the re-assured traveller becomes per- 
 suaded of the satisfying truth, that he is journeying 
 under the direction of an Omniscient Guide to those 
 regions where all is eternal happiness and peace. 
 
 Greenwich^ Dec. 1842. 
 
PROEM. 
 
 When youth in slothful pleasure time beguiles, 
 And wastes his prime inglorious, on her smiles, 
 Or, held by gentler bonds, ne'er seeks to roam, 
 -Content to waste life's buoyant days at home 
 In selfish ease, unknown to danger's way, 
 And swathed in luxury from day to day, — 
 To minds thus fettered, how unknown must be 
 The lot of those who vent'rous brave the sea, 
 In fortune's train, a competence to earn, 
 The world to read, or fellow-man to learn : 
 Ambition's foot-ball, or the slave of time, 
 Alike enticed to visit every clime ; 
 For ever striving, e'er with toils o'erspent, 
 One object gained, but still on others bent, 
 Urged on by avarice ; and led by hope 
 Their way through darkest dangers blind to grope. 
 
 2 
 
14 PROEM. 
 
 Until misfortunes, in dim horrors dressed, 
 
 Assail their path, their worldly course arrest ! 
 
 Hail, then, thou .solace of their forlorn way ! 
 
 The Spirit's sunbeam on their gloomy day ! — 
 
 Soft Pity, hail ! who dost on sorrow wait, 
 
 And gently binds the bleeding wounds of fate. 
 
 When Heaven, sweet Maid ! di4 thee on man bestow 
 
 Godlike the gift, and eased was half his woe : 
 
 But should remorseless man, with savage heart, 
 
 Resist thy power, when pleading woes impart 
 
 A care-worn tale, in modest language couched, 
 
 By truth confirmed, by sad experience vouched ; 
 
 Still in the bosom of the softer fair — 
 
 Thy sister woman, — thou canst harbour there ; 
 
 Increased in lustre by her generous aid, 
 
 Thy rays shall light misfortune's deepest shade, 
 
 And kindly cheer the weary wanderer's soul, 
 
 When dangers cease, and overcoming toil, 
 
 To bless th' enjoyment of the hard-earned fruits 
 
 Of active enterprise and keen pursuits ; 
 
 Where, quivering in the balance oft had been 
 
 Or life or death, with nice divided beam ; 
 
 Now high in hope, now sunk in deep despair, 
 
 Obscured by clouds, or shining in the glare ! 
 
PROEM. 
 
 15 
 
 What though the ills exceed the good that's mixed, 
 Severer still, to be for ever fixed 
 To some dull spot, where Sloth triumphant sways, 
 And sure foundation of all evil lays — 
 With fondest care doth Vice and Folly nurse. 
 And all the ills permitted man to curse. 
 
 But spurning scenes inglorious e'en to thought, 
 To train the mind by enterprise we sought, 
 And, self-command and prompt decision gained, 
 All overweening passions strictly reined. 
 For warm 's the blood that flows thro' danger's heart, 
 When hardships come, it nobly bears its part ; 
 And should misfortune, in the general plan 
 Of Providence, assail a brother man, 
 Though struggling too against the worldly wave, 
 Both heart and hand are ever prone to save. 
 
 'Tis ours (so trained) from dangers now released, 
 And travel's gnawing thirst at length appeased, 
 To trace the mazes of our varied way, 
 Where chance, we thought, maintain'd a dubious sway; 
 When blinded ignorance our souls confined, 
 And Heaven itself was distant from the mind ; 
 
16 PROEM. 
 
 While tossed by tempests, and assailed by foes. 
 Wrecked in our hopes, and plunged in deepest woes, 
 We wandered on to lands but little known, 
 And viewed the wonders of each circling zone ; 
 Till sad experience made us sternly know 
 That Heaven directs what happens here below ; — 
 Proved by recital of no fancied theme, 
 No night illusion, nor no mid-day dream : 
 But actual all, in every line we trace 
 The teeming actions of a ling'ring space ; 
 In the fond hope, that some unconscious lip 
 May taste the moral, while the tale they sip, 
 And fixed beyond retraction's barb remain, 
 Though the rude song be simple in its strain ; 
 For since such stirring themes engaged our soul, 
 How oft, exposed to fortune's blind control ! 
 Doomed e'er to roam through each uncertain clime. 
 From northern snows to equinoxial line ; 
 In search of knowledge zealous to explore, 
 In quest of wealth to seek each anxious shore ; 
 But ever as Ave roamed the boundless way, 
 Misfortune's clouds bedimmed the cheerless day. 
 And ah ! how oft has misery's chilling gloom 
 Nipt Fancy's flowers ere yet they were in bloom ! 
 
PROEM. 17 
 
 Then leave, ye critics, your severer laws, 
 And mildly judge our unassuming cause : 
 No holly-wreath our brows ambitious claim ; 
 More emulous still, we seek the soul's reclaim : 
 And, should Ave be -constrained, in stricter part, 
 Rude names to sing, and ruder terms of art ; 
 On ears nice tuned such jarring sounds may grate ; 
 But truth commands, and all wc must relate : 
 For in the mind, as beams of summer day, 
 The crowded scenes in just succession play, 
 In vivid colours with true light and shade. 
 Then come, bright Fancy ! add thy mystic aid, 
 Unroll thy web, with gossamer that vies, 
 On air that floats, with every breath that flies ; 
 Touched with nice skill, display to sudden light 
 Thy fairy scenes to charm the gazer's sight ; 
 Though, should a hand more rude thy robe invade. 
 To air dissolve, or shrinking, quickly fade. 
 Then come, enchantress, and thou, Memory, too, 
 And give to verse the retrospective view ! 
 
 But first, ye guardians of melodious song, 
 To whom the sacred springs of verse belong, 
 
 2* 
 
18 PROEM, 
 
 Say, why is commerce yet to you unknown ? 
 No judge appointed from your tuneful throne, 
 To guard the fountain, and direct its course 
 Of good from Heaven to man, a bounteous source ? 
 
 View darker ages, sunk in misery low, 
 Ere social blessings reached them here below. 
 Strangers to each, men often met as foes, 
 Till stricter intercourse from traffic rose, 
 And kinder feelings, based on mutual need. 
 Did falsehood, rapine, and dire hate succeed ; 
 This Commerce wrought, and broke down every fence, 
 And cleared the way through rude domains of sense. 
 The mind to raise, to meliorate the heart, 
 Implant true faith, and root out selfish art ; 
 Till, soft and pure, the soul at length essays 
 To breathe Religion, and receive its rays. 
 
 Pure are its waters, and of subtile power, 
 Like Spring, or eany May-day's genial shower. 
 Refreshing all, and as they onward roll, 
 Bear richest benefits from pole to pole ; 
 Mid verdant banks its limpid waters flow 
 And fairest flowers and fruits luxuriant grow ; 
 
PROEM. 19 
 
 Soft o'er its bosom sounds the lute of peace, 
 Those notes melodious echo and increase : 
 But the rude blast of war flies ruffling, hoarse, 
 Disturbs the current and destroys the source. 
 
 No medium state in commerce can be found ; 
 The laws of honour are its strictest bound ; 
 Practised in purity, it leads to joy, 
 But soon to poison turns by base alloy. 
 Should aught that's tainted e'er approach its flow. 
 Sudden its touch the least defect will show ; 
 For even sprinkled by the slightest spray, 
 The morbid evil stands exposed to day : 
 Nor yet enough from worse diseases free, 
 No hollowness must lurk within the tree j 
 For even here the test to wisdom proves 
 The latent fault, and all disguise removes ; 
 E'en though from ills and wants yet far apart : 
 If undue caution rules the sordid heart, 
 And plodders think to wade through mud and ooze. 
 Nor dare the stream, afraid their way to lose, 
 Though sound, determined by the searching test, 
 No pleasure's felt, and small their gains at best ; 
 And, though when bold, with steady course they seem 
 To glide, unhallowed men, the rapid stream, 
 
20 
 
 PROEM. 
 
 Though tried, untarnished, if by self impelled, 
 Awhile they float, but soon their vigour's quelled. 
 
 But view its chosen sons opposed to these : 
 No prejudices warp, nor fell disease ; 
 Not brighter, in the vault of tropic clime, 
 On cloudless eve, does lustrous Vesper shine, 
 To shed on earth its clear and sparkling light, — 
 The fairest star that reigns o'er moonless night ! 
 Than they ; while charity and honour wreath 
 Their manly brows, and freedom's tones they breathe ; 
 Boldly they steer, nor dread the rapid tide ; 
 But safe, experienced, o'er its surface glide ; 
 New channels form, feracious streams to bear, 
 Till earth's extremes the bounteous blessings share ; 
 Borne by the sons of commerce and of peace, 
 On whose approach lean want and miseries cease. 
 Hear, then, kind Heaven ! my prayer, and grant thine 
 
 aid, 
 Yield thy protection to the sons of trade ; 
 But teach them Thou — oh ! let them ne'er forget 
 Should vices rise, their brilliancy will set ! 
 
THE COLU MBIAD. 
 
 CANTO I. — Part I. 
 
ARGUMENT OF CANTO I. — PARTI. 
 
 Departure of the Ship from Bengal — An attempt to describe 
 those who were entrusted with the cargo, and those who had 
 the Command — The Ocean — Speaking a vessel at sea, and 
 the usual occurrences on board thereafter — Adaptation of ship- 
 board for improving the mind — The opportunites it en- 
 joys by the great natural objects presented to it — The firma- 
 ment — The advantages of geographical knowledge — The 
 benefits that have been conferred on mankind by enlightened 
 and scientific navigators, — Capt. Cook, Capt. Ross, Capt. Parry, 
 and others — Entrance to the Straits of Malacca — The Nico- 
 bars — The Cocos and Narcondam — Popular belief of pro- 
 tracted calms off the Island of Pera — Approach to Penang — 
 Sketch of its early History — Description of an opium smoker 
 from similar actual occurrences — The Harbour and Town of 
 Penang described — Departure from it — Prosecution of the 
 voyage through the Straits — Arrival at Malacca — Short 
 description — History traced from the earliest to the resump- 
 tion of their Eastern possessions by the Dutch — Motives 
 for a speedy departure, and prosecution of the voyage east- 
 ward — The Carimans — Arrival at Singapore — Its founder, 
 Sir Stamford Raffles — Ideal formation of the town and envi- 
 rons, from a sketch of the ground, when as yet there were but 
 a few temporary erections on it — The advantages of Singa- 
 pore as a British entrepot, on account of its locality, salubrity, 
 &c* — Departure for Manilla — Coral reefs abounding in the 
 China Seas — Polypifers, their wondrous combinations and 
 productions — False conclusions drawn by geologists from the 
 increase of coral islands. 
 
CANTO I. 
 
 PART I. 
 
 With laws immutable, the fervid Sun 
 Had to the north its farthest limits run, 
 And Leo passed, whose fiery glaring face 
 With heat oj>pressive sears the human race ; 
 And modest Virgo, now, with milder rays, 
 His tempered beams reflecting, ruled the days : 
 When, by the practised pilot's skilful hands, 
 Our seaward ship had cleared the southern sands 
 That on Bengalis coast are dangerous found, 
 To South Columbia's shores advent'rous bound, 
 Charged with the produce of her native soil — 
 The farmer's increase, and the workman's toil : 
 Anxious to sail, with ill-dissembled joy 
 We bid adieu ; — and soon the hands employ 
 The boats to lash, and from the decks to clear 
 The cables, halsers, and all harbour gear ; 
 The master, then, (whose cares have now begun,) 
 In early day observes th' ascending sun : 
 
24 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 While some assistant, with discerning' eye, 
 The moment marks that with the sights comply, 
 To these applies the latitude, with art, 
 Denotes the spot, and marks the faithful chart : 
 These dues complete, we fill the slumb'ring sail. 
 With yards due braced to meet the sidelong gale ; 
 The course nice fixed, the careful timonier, 
 South-east-by-south is ordered straight to steer. 
 With sheet scarce home, the barque soon hastes away, 
 And leaves the land, a wide and sandy bay ; 
 Nor stems the sea with more elastic bound, 
 Than hopes prospective in each breast are found, 
 O'er eastern seas to wend our liquid course, 
 In quest of fortune's ever varying source ; — 
 Proudly at first we plough the sounding main, 
 And haughty, view all others with disdain ; 
 But soon misfortunes from above are sent — 
 Our pride is humbled, and our spirit bent. 
 Like some fierce bull of Andalusian breed, 
 Which rustic hinds to crowded circus lead ; 
 Boldly at first he rushes on the foe, 
 Disdaining pointed lance, or galling blow ; 
 Then urged by furious rage he blindly stoops — 
 Before his eyes his foe the banner droops, 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
 25 
 
 Vain of his skill, deriding all his hate, 
 Till the shrill tramp proclaims the other's fate. 
 Then, swift descending, comes the fatal sword, 
 That sends him bleeding o'er the gore-stained sward ; 
 The rankling wound he feels with deep disgrace, 
 And faint, retires, with unfirm lagging pace ; — 
 So creeps our injured barque along the main, 
 And trails her wounded body on with pain — 
 A shelter seeks, where, lab'ring and oppressed, 
 The ills she suffers may be soon redressed. 
 
 But ere to verse we give our varied way, 
 Be ours to tell, who held supremest sway 
 O'er the brave ship, and crew of every land 
 And every tongue, — a Babylonish band ! 
 
 O'er the rich freight, with equal length of rein, 
 Two men are found — two worlds apart did train 
 To laws of commerce : Orpheus, silver-tongued ; 
 And Jason, next, in conjoint duties bound. 
 
 Thrice had the summer shed a pleasing heat, 
 And thrice had winter, with loud howling, beat 
 
 3 
 
26 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Against the Andes with deep snows o'ercrowned, 
 Since Orpheus left his fertile native ground. 
 Chili, far-famed, by daring souls inspired, 
 The tyrant's dread, by freedom bravely fired, 
 His birth-right owned, nor failed these feelings pure, 
 From freedom's cause no bribe could him allure ; 
 In manners gentle, deeply versed in books, 
 Though grave, yet courteous, with engaging looks. 
 
 Of Jason, had not truth required his name, 
 Nought had been said, his deeds unknown to fame ; 
 Unlike Prince iEson's fortune-favoured son, 
 The golden fleece in other days who won. 
 Where Clutha's stream divides the sister isles, 
 With verdure clothed, and decked in flowery smiles, 
 He thence his lineage undistinguished drew ; 
 And youth's full flow of happiness he knew : 
 Yet, not unmixed, for cares would oft intrude, 
 His mind, though buoyant, could not well exclude. 
 
 Fair Isles ! your image stands in fair array 
 Before the memory ; and in bright display 
 Recalls the beauties of your vales and hills, 
 And flowery paths round clear and sparkling rills ; 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 27 
 
 Those glowing scenes when o'er the neighb'ring deep 
 
 The eye excursive from thy mountains sweeps, * — 
 
 The snowy brightness of each sandy bay, 
 
 Where eddying waves in gentle murmurs play, 
 
 Responsive to the sea-bird's ceaseless cry, 
 
 As round thy rocks unharmed they boldly fly ; 
 
 By laws protected — thine the generous gift — 
 
 Secured from murder, or the schoolboy's theft : 
 
 Nor unrewarded thou. Oh, gladsome sight ! 
 
 By western breezes guided in their flight, — 
 
 The sprightly harbingers of summer days, 
 
 The cheerful tenants of thy rocks and bays, 
 
 Are yearly welcomed to their sacred grounds, 
 
 While to their notes the joyful air resounds ! 
 
 Oh, loved abode ! — Ah happy, happy days, 
 
 When, free as air, he strayed around thy bays, 
 
 Along thy banks, or o'er thy painted meads, 
 
 Where scene to scene in richest hue succeeds ; 
 
 Or watched the setting sun, reflective, pay 
 
 A golden farewell to a joyous day. 
 
 Or happier still, when some kind-hearted soul 
 
 Made him a partner of his seaward toil ; — 
 
 When, round thy sister shores, or vassal isles, 
 
 They caught the scaly tribes by numerous wiles ; 
 
28 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Or, still more dear, because by stealth he went, — 
 
 Despite a mother's fears — on plunder bent, 
 
 To climb thy boldest crags, a dizzy height, 
 
 To rob its younglings from the bird at night. 
 
 Thus taught his new-fledged wings their flight to soar : 
 
 Ah ! had he never flown thy peaceful shore ; 
 
 But shunned ambition and her anxious train, 
 
 Secure at home; nor dared the treacherous main ! 
 
 Not his the fault, for nature showed the way, — 
 
 The summer bird ne'er saw the winter's day : 
 
 But winged its passage to a warmer sphere, 
 
 When falling leaves proclaimed the winter near ; 
 
 Sweet isle ! forgive him, if with them he flew, 
 
 Yet, failed, when summer's breath the flowerets blew. 
 
 To visit thee again — his first delight : 
 
 Far distant has he strayed with painful flight, 
 
 Through climes inclement doomed since then to roam. 
 
 Yet oft in thought he sought his native home. 
 
 The young Mercator o'er the motley band 
 (From Europe, Afric, and Hindust'han :) 
 Held rule supreme, with strict, though just command ; 
 He, too, fair Scotia owned as a parent earth, 
 And Clyde's pure stream was witness of his birth. 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 29 
 
 Accept, oh Clyde ! accept our filial lay, — 
 A pleasing tribute, which we gladly pay ; 
 Proud of our birth on noble stream like thee, 
 We willing bend, in praise, our humble knee. 
 Thy clear blue winding stream majestic flows, 
 While either bank with richest verdure glows ; 
 Thy daughters fair, with health-illumined face, 
 Are robed in virtue, and excel in grace ; 
 Thy sons, a hardy enterprising band, 
 Seek every shore, inhabit every land : 
 While, borne in triumph, each alternate tide 
 Wafts the rich fleets that o'er thy bosom glide, 
 Conveying home the wealth of foreign shores, 
 Thy sons to comfort, and enrich their stores. 
 Sprung from a House, which ever on the main 
 Had held command, and there sought fortune's fane, 
 Mercator followed, with intent to trace 
 The well marked footsteps of his vent'rous race ; 
 Columbia's isles had ever been their course, — 
 In former times the seaman's best resource ; 
 But now monopoly, whose selfish plan 
 Forbade all commerce with her Hindust'han, 
 More generous grown, these obstacles withdrew 
 Which guarded else the fortunes of the few : 
 
 3* 
 
30 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 The many, now, with gilded hopes elate, 
 Rush to the field, and share a chequered fate ; — 
 Mercator's fav'ring fortunes there attend, 
 From shipwreck save him, and his views extend : 
 In years though young, yet old in prudence' way, 
 Taught to command by learning to obey : 
 The varying phases of the silvery moon, 
 The stars of midnight, and the sun at noon, 
 Their laws and motions all to him are known, — 
 His guide in safety to remotest zone. 
 
 Next to Mercator, Tethys held the sway ; 
 In varied tongue he taught them to obey : 
 In Scotia born ; a son of Ceres, he 
 Left the broad lawn to plough the faithless sea : 
 Scarce twenty summers yet had sunned his brow, 
 Yet (such does early industry allow,) 
 He Scandinavia's shores, bright Gallia's plains, 
 Italia, and Sicilia's fair domains, 
 Had seen, and earned a plenteous store, 
 Of ancient, modern, and of nautic lore. 
 
 But why, oh Tethys ! couldst thou leave thy groves, 
 Thy milky herds, and gentle fleecy droves, 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 31 
 
 Where rich Autumnus, with no sparing hand, 
 Spreads golden plenty o'er thy father's land, 
 To search for fortune 'midst such cheerless ways, 
 Scorch'd by the vertic sun's inclement rays, — 
 Where dangers, death, and sickness often reign, 
 Nor parent nigh to cheer thee in thy pain ? 
 Thy mind, no doubt, on enterprise was bent, — 
 The ray expansive, that by Heaven is sent, 
 To urge us forth new regions to explore, 
 And thus progressive people every shore : 
 For, such is man, and so designed his state, 
 To follow each his path, with hopes elate. 
 
 From Kent's staunch shores, the next in order came, 
 Firm knit his frame, and Daedalus his name, 
 Like him well skilled in operative art ; 
 In varied language to command alert ; 
 Could wile the finny tribe, or through their heart, 
 With nice precision, send th' unerring dart ; 
 Well read in science, whose celestial rays 
 Denote to mariners their trackless ways ; 
 Though still but young, tho' scarce to manhood grown, 
 He sultry climes and varied lands had known ; 
 Like Tethys, too, he scorned a rustic life, — 
 Left peaceful shades for elemental strife ; 
 
32 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Yet, such the allurements of a life of ease. 
 His mind with rural scenes he oft would please ; 
 In midnight hour, with watch and cares o'ercome, 
 His wayward thoughts would seek their native home. 
 
 But joys like these could only transient pass, 
 Or serve to charm the slowly ebbing glass ; 
 For cares immediate all his soul engross, 
 As howls the gale, and billows rudely toss. 
 
 Last, Palinurus, with decreased command, 
 His fainter rule held o'er the mingled band ; 
 On Scotia's native Isles he left his crook 
 In Brevis' suit, content her frowns to brook ; 
 Tired of a farmers's toils, he sought the sea, 
 And stormy waves preferred to sheltered lea : 
 Unlike the rest, whose sires could them endow 
 Each with a farm, he often held the plough ; 
 Of manners simple, yet sincerely true, 
 He soon became the favourite of the crew. 
 
 For thy untimely fate I silent weep, 
 Oh, storm-struck victim of th' insatiate deep ! 
 I see thee struggling on the tempest wave 
 Invoking all, expiring life to save ! 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 33 
 
 Now in the hollow sunk to gloomy night, — 
 Now tossed on high upon the foaming height ; 
 Gasping — ah ! sinking with thy cumbrous weight, — 
 Thy shrieks our pitying souls distracted rend, 
 While succour the loud storm denies to send; 
 Less and still less the merciless barque appears, 
 Till, lost to sight, from the sad bosom tears, 
 By anguish rent, the last remaining prop, 
 The latest ray of life-sustaining hope : 
 Faint, and more faint, then all struggles o'er, 
 Resigned to fate, he sank to rise no more ! 
 
 Ah ! death, how aggravated are thy woes, 
 When groaning, writhing in thy fatal throes, 
 A friend implores our unavailing aid, 
 And yet in vain, — no efforts can be made ! 
 For ah ! alas ! no help in human power 
 Could save thee, Palinurus, in that hour. 
 
 No more with gladness shall thy parents. hail, 
 Thy home return, with joyful nearing sail ; 
 But when loud rumour with quick-spreading breath 
 Shall bring them tidings of thy mournful death, 
 To their sad tears, let consolation own, 
 That all who knew, sincerely loved their son. 
 
34 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Such were the men who held supremest rule : 
 The band more common form a wider school ; 
 Mahomet's laws, most scrupulously lined, 
 Divide the crew with limits clear defined : 
 There Allah's children, with well-fancied lights 
 For Houri sigh and Paradise delights ; 
 Here worshippers of Boud'ha and of Joyce 
 The others scorn, and in their rites rejoice ; 
 And we in ours, with surer grounds of grace, 
 Consider each a far inferior race : 
 
 Yet, such the power of lucre o'er mankind, 
 Within such narrow space, how oft we find 
 In quest of all nations and all faiths combined ! 
 
 With gilded hopes elate we onward speed, 
 And o'er the watery waste ambitious thread 
 Our skill-directed way : while round the view 
 Is air and ocean joined in distant blue, — 
 Nature's great ornament, the glorious sea, — 
 The living ocean, full of majesty ! 
 
 True to the seasons, the responsive earth 
 To varied suits alternately gives birth ; 
 
CANTO I.] y THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
 Though changed in mantle, yet in form the same, 
 
 Not as the ocean doth our wonder claim : 
 
 For this magnificent, doth all surpass 
 
 An ever varying, ever moving mass. 
 
 With it in all the world, what can compare — 
 
 Expanse of water, bound by ambient air ! 
 
 See yonder breezes, as they gently sweep 
 The placid surface of the slumbering deep ; 
 Which , pleased, responsive, as they pass along, 
 Salutes the zephyrs with a murmuring song : 
 Throws up in sportive waves, to kiss the breeze, 
 A jocund field of azure curling seas ; 
 But see the liquid mass, in altered form ! 
 Behold the fury of the raging storm ! 
 White are its mountain billows — loud its roar, 
 As mad it chafes on yonder sounding shore : 
 Serene no longer, nor cerulean bright, 
 But hoarse, audacious, dark as wintry night ! 
 Yet still attractive, — still the darling sea 
 To kindred minds, whatever its mood may be ; — 
 Calm and resplendent — sportive to the gale, 
 Or roused in contest, when the winds assail, — 
 In grandeur still, in majesty the same, — 
 The Earth's great ornament, the sounding Main ! 
 
 35 
 
36 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Tired e'en with it, though formed so well to please, 
 A change is 'sought from never ending seas ; 
 The eye-balls strain in quest of distant forms. 
 And cloudy lands are hailed, the sport of storms : 
 Nor damped by these, more keen direct the gaze, — 
 At last successful, through the distant haze 
 Behold yon speck, — the unassisted eye 
 On the horizon's verge can scarce descry : 
 Though to the practised seaman's lynx-like glance, 
 It seems a vessel on the quick advance ; 
 Now more distinct, the lower sails appear, — 
 The plainest proof we cling upon a sphere : 
 While each to other, boldly seems to rise 
 From the blue wave to kiss the nether skies : 
 Swift o'er the frothy seas we skim our way, 
 And passing, bow, due courtesy to pay ; 
 With rules well known ; for think not that the laws 
 Have left the sea a rude shapeless chaos, 
 Like its own waves, the sport of every storm ; 
 And lives of hundreds resting on — "I scorn 
 " To yield an inch to thee of equal force !" 
 As sometimes happens on the modish course, 
 When two proud beaux, surrounding crowds impel 
 Against each other, on the western mall, — 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 37 
 
 More like two beauties on a morning round 
 Of courteous visits to their friends around, 
 When, should the chariots with the rival fairs 
 Each other meet, the Johns rein in their pairs 
 With dexterous skill, nor servile fears transpire, 
 Though rattling flints emit a stream of fire : 
 So we, saluting on the distant seas, 
 Back the main-top-sail to repel the breeze ; 
 Thus rein our steeds to ask each other's news, 
 (And that in courtesy, we nothing lose,) 
 Impart our own, to render full its dues ; 
 Then wave adieu ! and fill the slumbering sails, 
 To speed our voyage with propitious gales. 
 
 Loud the debates which now on board take place, 
 Each word we weigh, and every tone retrace 
 Of all that's told ; — for such at sea are news, — 
 To parched plants like soft refreshing dews, — 
 Serve as a tonic to the morn's repast, 
 Digested through the day, — are changed at last ; 
 Appear at dinner — quite a varied class, 
 According to the mind through which they pass ; 
 Some knew the man but late in health, now dead, 
 Whose charming widow will, — but she, they said — 
 
 4 
 
38 THE COLUMBTAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 (Here grief, or wine, creates a sudden pause, 
 Filled up by others, with no fav'ring clause.) — 
 Another saw the ship that's wrecked below, 
 Late from the slip into the water go, 
 As if 'twas proof against the rock-disease ; 
 But then — her captain was no master-piece ! 
 To end a dire dispute, deep bets are laid, 
 That she which went to Siam late to trade, 
 Shall back return, as empty as she's now, 
 Unless the bar they cross, or other how 
 Appease with gifts the haughty Sultan's pride ; 
 While others hold, — that out at sea she'll ride. 
 
 With themes like these, while pass the precious hours, 
 Subjects so puerile occupy their powers, 
 Become a habit — and at length o'erpower. 
 But time, too, flies with never ceasing speed, — 
 To race with him, requires an active steed ! 
 Yet nowhere better, were but men inclined, 
 Than ship-board, to improve the studious mind ; — 
 For thoughts exalted, yielding calm delight, 
 What scenes more fitting than a stilly night, 
 On spangled ocean, where around the scene 
 Lie dark blue waters, with a sky serene ! 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 39 
 
 On board, no voice to break the hallowed charm, — 
 Without, no cause for danger or alarm ; 
 But soft, the vessel parts the liquid main 
 That meets behind to form her sparkling train, 
 Unmatched in brilliancy by aught below, 
 Save mimic stars that from its surface glow. 
 In bright reflection from the rippling wave 
 Whose dashing sprays the passing vessel lave 
 With cheerful rushing sound, to seamen's ears 
 Sweet as the music of the heavenly spheres. 
 
 On eve like this, when all around is bright, 
 And peace within, who can resist a flight 
 To yonder glories, nor with up-cast eyes 
 In admiration view the studded skies ? 
 Nor wonder at the power, whose laws can solve 
 How stars and planets in their course revolve, 
 By forces opposite maintained in space, 
 Preserving each in its appointed place ! 
 'Tis thou, Astronomy, the wanderer's guide, 
 And sure conductor o'er the pathless tide, — 
 To man a friend, a universal friend, 
 Thou aid divine to mundane toils dost lend : 
 Had thy pure lights not shone to lead us on, 
 The globe terraqueous had not yet been known, 
 
40 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 For, fearful groping on his trackless way, 
 Man from his home had been but loth to stray. 
 What though thy beams are partial, not complete, 
 They are as bright as for our state is meet. 
 Wond'rous the flight the human mind can trace 
 ? Midst heavenly orbs, and penetrate through space, 
 And scarcely erring, can the path foretel 
 Where in the boundless Heavens they're made to dwell ; 
 But who shall say, that man shall ever know 
 Their utmost laws, while he is here below ? 
 Nor are we certain, that our minds, as here, 
 Could brook a perfect vision of the sphere ; 
 And yet enough is known for wisdom's need, 
 When minds ingenuous seek these lights indeed. 
 To learn by Science, of the starry throng, 
 Such laws as it has said to them belong. 
 
 Oh glorious, wond'rous host, supremely bright ! 
 Who can behold thee in refulgent night 
 And doubt one moment of a Power divine ? — 
 Could dare to perpetrate the slightest crime, — 
 Could in thy presence e'er conceive offence, — 
 Could, viewing thee, give way to lusts of sense ? 
 Could, thee regarding, not with love o'erflow 
 To that great Power which taught thee too to glow ? 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 41 
 
 Could not imagine the Eternal's face 
 
 Shone in thy lights, and beamed through all thy space? 
 
 Could for a moment wish on earth to stay, 
 
 Nor wing a flight towards thy bright array ? 
 
 Oh brilliant sparkling throng, through all your range 
 Ye were, and are, and will be free from change ! 
 Beneath your pure, serene, resplendent view, — 
 While on ye shine with undiminished hue, — 
 How puerile are our highest thoughts ! — How vain 
 The sublunary hopes we entertain ! 
 What sad vicissitudes have happened here — 
 What signs have passed successive o'er our sphere ! 
 Say, do ye heed them ? In your calm career 
 Is tyrant's anger, or the subject's fear, 
 Are state intrigues, or war's sulphureous frowns, — 
 Are slaughtered armies, or storm-plundered towns — 
 Are blasts of jealousy, of anger, strife — 
 Are daggers raised against a brother's life — 
 Are ills, or dangers, toils, or wasting dearths, 
 Or meaner broils, that cloud domestic hearths — 
 Are these immediate to your placid sight ? — 
 Or are they wrapt in black impervious night ? 
 
 4* 
 
42 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 No, no : ye heed them not ; like flitting clouds 
 Whose shadow oft your fervid lustre shrouds ; 
 Onward they pass, descending to the grave, 
 Like the same clouds that sink beyond the wave ; 
 While others follow, for a time to dwell, 
 Pass on their way, and like them, too, dispel ! 
 
 The sad may mourn, and raise their streaming eyes, 
 Despairing lovers may breathe forth their sighs ; 
 The houseless wretch, the unclaimed orphan boy, 
 The happy, crowned with victory or joy, 
 May onward pass, and tell their tales of woe, 
 Or vaunt enjoyment in this vale below : 
 But what are they to your unequalled grace, 
 As on ye roll on high through destined space ; 
 Far, far beyond our sublunary cares, 
 Alike regardless of our joys or prayers, — 
 Unheeding all, ye shed your ancient light, 
 That viewed creation, and illumes to-night. 
 Our fathers oft your sacred beams have blest, 
 And theirs beneath your rays have gone to rest ; 
 Our sons shall view your still unfading light 
 When we and all our cares have sunk to night : 
 And ye still shine in glorious calm career, 
 When He shall come to judge the mundane sphere ! 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 43 
 
 A sister science claims our grateful praise, 
 Whose lights are shed on earth — benignant rays ; 
 Her charge it is to mark each distant shore. 
 And teach mankind their topographic lore, 
 Describe the fields o'er which he's born to reign, — 
 Without her aid, Astronomy's were vain ; 
 While she minutely points the distant way, — 
 The sons of commerce catch the inspiring ray ; 
 Pursue their paths as her sure finger guides, 
 To spread their patron's fertilizing tides. 
 
 Join'd with humanity and peace, she led 
 Her sons illustrious, in their cause who bled ; 
 While he exploring, sought the distant isles, 
 To give them, votive, to instruction's smiles. 
 
 Benevolent man ! they now invoke thy name, 
 And for their father grieve with heartfelt shame ; 
 Thy early enterprise hath also sealed 
 To true religion, what thy toils revealed ; 
 And from thee, too, of late have scions sprung, 
 Imbibed thy maxims, to thy precepts clung, 
 Spread o'er the ocean, and through ev'ry zone, 
 Till every land from pole to pole is known. 
 And thy pure spirit fires a later name ; — 
 Of death ambitious or eternal fame, 
 
44 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 With bold intent to intersect the globe 
 
 Where thy sad fate prevented thee to probe. 
 
 Wrapt in the stillness of a living tomb, 
 
 By night enshrouded in continual gloom ; — 
 
 Oh ! shield him Heaven, attend our ardent prayer, 
 
 And, sympathetic Spirit, be thou there ! 
 
 Waft from him dangers, elemental strife, 
 
 Save him from harm, and spare his vent'rous life ! * 
 
 When first our wings were spread for Eastward flight, 
 Cynthia was young, and shed a timid light, 
 So near the fount, that scarce a sunbeam fell, 
 Her habitations in the heavens to tell : 
 More distant wand'ring now, through half the zone 
 She had progressed, and all resplendent shone ; 
 Coursed through the spangled vault on eve serene, 
 With air majestic, nights unrivall'd queen ; 
 For though she flaunts on high with borrow'd rays, 
 Her debt to earth usuriously she pays : — 
 Nature's own dial, formed by art Divine 
 To guard mankind, and mark the lapse of time ; 
 Taught by her movements in the starry space, 
 Their way o'er pathless seas secure to trace ; 
 
 * Note A. 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 45 
 
 Thus, Heaven's own monitor, when earth denies, 
 Directs their course from yonder glorious skies. 
 
 Led by her beacon, eastward, on our way, 
 We gain the margin of the Southern Bay, 
 Where, in the destined track, a group appears, 
 Past which with steady course, our vessel steers, 
 Nor hidden danger dreads, 'neath surface fair, 
 No shelving shoals, nor sunken rocks are there. 
 
 Would that the land were free from evil fame ! 
 Depraved and faithless, we these isles proclaim ; 
 And scarce a voyager on Eastern seas, 
 But the dread Andamans with loathing sees ; — 
 To trade averse, — urged by demoniac will, 
 Dire anthropophagy incites to kill ! 
 Yes ! there they stand a monument to tell 
 How sank the human soul when mankind fell ! 
 Dreadful to think that centuries have pass'd 
 Since Britain's lot around these isles was cast, 
 And yet that unregenerate they remain, 
 A dismal spot, in Satan's dark domain ! 
 
 Stung by the thought, we steer with urgent haste, 
 Flee from their sight and gain the watery waste ; 
 Approaching now the narrower seas between 
 Malaya's coast, and westward, bold Acheen, — 
 
46 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Entrance well worthy of the noble scene, 
 Of inland sea, with isles that intervene 
 Thickly bespangled like the stars of night, 
 One lost to view, another heaves in sight. — 
 To guard the portal, stands two cones erect, 
 Of massive rock, in desert grandeur deck'd ; 
 Still unsubdued, to human sway unknown, 
 By lonely sea birds tenanted alone. 
 The Coco Isles, — twin brothers of the sea, — 
 We quickly leave the greater on the lee, 
 And Narcondam approach, whose stately head 
 We closely pass nor hidden dangers dread : 
 But, cautious traveller bring not near to view 
 Pera's white isles, fair clad in silver hue, — 
 A magic spot, where calms prevailing reign, 
 Your course with charms insidious to detain 
 Among its treacherous deeps ; but not alone 
 Are calms the bane of that far dreaded zone : 
 Here sweep the ocean, with terrific blast, 
 Winds born of skies not yet by clouds o'ercast, 
 But clear, serene, evade the seaman's search ; — 
 One only cloud, — in form a perfect arch, 
 With edge uneven, rising towards the land, 
 At first not larger than the prophet's hand, 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 47 
 
 But soon the storm, like desolation's blast, 
 
 Comes fearful on, and strains each quivering mast ; 
 
 Like dire temptation that assails our path, 
 
 'Tis vain and dangerous to deride its wrath ; 
 
 The only safeguard, to reduce the sail, 
 
 And quickly veering, scud before the gale : 
 
 But heaven-befriended now ; not such our lot, — 
 
 We pass securely this far-dreaded spot ; 
 
 No tempest harrows up the ocean's verge, 
 
 Nor calms delay, but safely we emerge, 
 
 And onward speed, till, tinged with faintest blue, 
 
 Penang appears, to bound the distant view : 
 
 Round its high northern shores we boldly sweep, 
 
 Where watchful signals scour the distant deep ; 
 
 Nor long the master's practised skill delayed, 
 
 To gain the harbour there, secure embayed : 
 
 Here, floating gaily on the balmy gale, 
 
 Are seen all ensigns, and each nation's sail, 
 
 With varied burden, and more varied form, 
 
 In sheltered safety they avoid the storm. 
 
 Thou faithful guardian of historic page, 
 Who record keep'st of each succeeding age, 
 Aid me to tell, how first this island drew 
 Its laws from Britain, and its manners knew : 
 
48 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Of recent birth, what quick progressive rise ! 
 Its sons now numerous, diligent, and wise ; 
 To culture prone, zealous with care to twine, 
 Round its supports, the clustering acrid vine ; 
 Yet memory's living page, distinct can trace 
 Its late subjection to a barbarous race, 
 Till Light, of Quedah's generous favour won 
 The island free, — the dowry of a son ; 
 He, joined with others (ere it formed a part 
 Of British India, governed from the heart,) 
 His right maintained against a captious crew, 
 And oft their powers by stratagem overthrew : 
 At length adopted, trained to nicer rules, 
 It owned the manage of more pompous schools ; 
 In hopes prospective, — hopes, alas ! in vain, 
 Of docks and harbours for our naval train.* 
 Though blighted these, yet other plans are laid, 
 And prospects fair present themselves in trade ; 
 Becomes the mart where nations meet in peace, 
 Whom others dread, but here suspicions cease ; 
 A boon procured by men, experience-taught, 
 Who found protection, which in need they sought ; 
 Received and cherished (when a treacherous crew 
 From faithful servants, to assassins grew,) 
 *See Note B. 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
 49 
 
 Held, when restored to this, the generous plan, 
 " That man should ever be a friend of man." 
 Thus have I seen, with feelings of delight, 
 (To those in commerce what more pleasing sight?) 
 Erect in confidence, with firmest pace, 
 Frequent the mart, men of each eastern race, — 
 The northern Birman, — eastern Siamese, 
 The distant Bouggies, and the skilled Chinese ; 
 The Par see banished from his native home, 
 And sly T'lingas, who for lucre roam ; 
 All hither drawn by mildness of the laws, 
 In joint pursuit of fortune's fickle cause, 
 While joy of action lightens every face ; 
 One language all disputes tends to efface, 
 The Italian of the East's harmonious note 
 Unites the whole, industry to promote. 
 
 With eye more curious, strictly have I viewed, 
 (Than whom, with bolder minds, few are endued,) 
 The Boneers, subject to the Javan law, 
 And thought in them the Scottish Celts I saw : 
 The same their dress, their features, size, and air, 
 The same for battle's strife they both prepare ; 
 And, too, alike, undaunted, brave and free, 
 In barques of similar form they range the sea, 
 
 5 
 
50 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 But in the first, deep vices taint the mind, — 
 No drugs narcotic 'mong the Celts we find ; 
 But here they traffick in this cursed weed, — 
 This source of ruin, murders, vice, and need. 
 Stain on our honour ! — scandal of our name ! 
 How base the system ! and how vile the gain ! 
 This deadly poison unrestrained to vend, 
 The wretched longings of the low to tend ; 
 Not poison physical, but too, of souls, — 
 Behold, his life this mortal drug controls ! 
 
 Once truly happy 'neath his coco's shade, 
 Where dwelt mild peace, and vice did ne'er invade, 
 His family's welfare to his soul allied, 
 Their simple comforts kindly ne'er denied ; 
 Urged by a father's care, each day attends 
 The neighbouring market, where he gainful vends 
 The native produce of his rude domain, 
 The clustered plantain, coco, and the cane ! 
 Joyful he goes, with happier step returns, 
 A parent's feeling in his bosom burns ; 
 His artless children fondly are carest ; 
 His daily labour o'er, in peace to rest ; 
 Released from care, beneath his shady trees, 
 In cool of eve enjoys a virtuous ease ; 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLXJMBIAD. 51 
 
 His playful children, innocently gay, 
 
 With fond endearments guile the hours away, 
 
 While pleasure throbs through all the parent's veins, 
 
 In ample recompense for all his pains ; 
 
 Prospective seems the comfort of his days, 
 
 When age steals on and present strength decays. 
 
 His sons advanced to manhood's riper age, 
 
 His blooming daughters softer hopes engage, — 
 
 Already to his view, in nuptial bands, 
 
 With neighbouring children joins their plighted hands 
 
 And pleased with them, at peace with all around, 
 
 His friends at eve are welcomed to his ground, 
 
 Who wondering tell, in terms unknown to art, 
 
 The daily tales their hamlets round impart ; 
 
 His faithful wife, meanwhile, with household cares 
 
 The simple viands for their meal prepares ; 
 
 In virtuous love his comfort zealous tends, 
 
 Joyful began his day, serene it ends. 
 
 Could I, with Justice, drop the curtain here, 
 Then for my country had I shed no tear ; 
 Its tarnished honour had remained still clear. 
 
 Enticed in evil hour but once to taste 
 The baneful fumes that cause a moral waste ! 
 
52 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Those dreams of ecstacy the juice imparts, 
 When reason's steeped, and life almost departs ; 
 For Lethe's self no darker veil overthrows, 
 Whose mud and ooze this horrid drug compose ! 
 
 Roused from his dream he opes his languid eyes, 
 And mourns his sin with deep repentant sighs ; 
 The daily pittance from his produce spent, 
 Homeward with joyless thoughts his steps are bent ; 
 Soon home is seen, but seen with altered view, 
 His sacred charge now plundered of their due ! 
 Stung by the thought, he vows no more to stray 
 In guilty path, nor quit his peaceful way ; 
 And thus relieved he seeks his sheltered cot. 
 Still comfort feels, nor hopeless is his lot : 
 But transient, alas ! this happy day, — 
 Already cravings burn, that ne'er allay ! 
 For such the sorcery its use attends, 
 But once indulged the longing never ends ! 
 Soft is the tread of vice's stealthy pace, 
 Its quickest progress scarcely can we trace ; 
 Secret at first he sins against his peace, 
 At length these scruples altogether cease ; 
 His wife and family robbed without remorse, 
 To meet expenses of his guilty course : 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 53 
 
 Yet, still at market is he daily met, 
 But knows no pleasure when the day has set ; 
 No more his children glad his callous heart, 
 No longer in his earnings share their part ; 
 Flown from beneath his coco's silent shade 
 Have peace and joy ! — their last adieu they've paid ; t 
 Lean want and strife succeed their heavenly reign, 
 Attended by their agonizing train. 
 No longer now can daily gains suffice, 
 The gnawing monster calls for more supplies ; 
 His grounds neglected trees and plants decay, 
 Fruits yet unripe are ruthless borne away ; 
 Still, still deficient — famine comes apace, 
 To seal the ruin of the wretched race ! 
 His sons resigned, are doomed as debtor slaves, 
 Lost once to freedom, bondsmen to their graves ! 
 His comely daughters share a baser fate, 
 In misery sold, a villain's lust to sate ; 
 To vice conducted by a parent's hand, 
 'Gainst nature's law, and Heaven's supreme command. 
 Unsated, still those cravings yet remain, 
 Which must be fed, should plunder yield the gain ! 
 Now turned a robber, view him lurk at e'en, 
 Bereft of fruits, at market never seen, 
 
 5* 
 
54 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 But strips the stranger on the lonely road, 
 And homeward steals with the nefarious load. 
 Some neighbour, known to have a careless door, 
 Is robbed of all, — then stabbed to be secure ; 
 But still deficient, still comes short in all ; 
 For food, his wife and younger family call : 
 Himself now weakened, squalid and opprest, 
 Shunned by his neighbours as a baneful pest ; 
 Deprived of hope, and to distraction driven, 
 His inmost feelings torn, asunder riven, 
 By thoughts of past and present madly stung, 
 Despair completes what opium has begun : — 
 Resolved his sufferings with his life shall cease, 
 In frenzy wild he grasps his blood-stained crees ; 
 Deep in the bosom of his faithful wife, 
 In blinded madness plants the murderous knife ; 
 She weltering falls, nor with her latest breath, 
 The hand upbraids that caused her cruel death : 
 In anguish sees, with dying languid eye 
 Her children's doom, and groans a parting sigh : — 
 They too, in frenzy, share the monster's hate, 
 And screaming fly to shun the cruel fate ; — 
 Some speed in vain, while others dart like light, 
 And safety find in devious, quicker flight. 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 55 
 
 But lust of blood in madness once begun, 
 The murderous race a-mok, a-mok is run, 
 In savage blindness ; all alike are foes, 
 Whoe'er he meets partake the mortal blows ; 
 Till, roused by common danger, all engage 
 The world to rid of the fell madman's rage : 
 Encompassed round, (for none attempt him near,) 
 But held with forks, they launch the piercing spear ; 
 O'erpowered, transfixed, the writhing culprit dies, 
 And forfeits life amidst heart-rending cries, 
 That call for vengeance, justice to fulfil, 
 On the dire traffick that caused all the ill ! 
 
 So sad an exit shares so fair a morn ! 
 A man, once happy, dies as thus forlorn ! 
 And though unpitied, yet at least the cause 
 Demands a remedy, and stricter laws, 
 To save these victims of the knife and lust, 
 Caused by the tasting of that drug accurst ! 
 For even he, whom nature's milder rule 
 Has formed with passions moderate and cool ; 
 Though free from blood, he follows this career, 
 How lost, how wretched, sunk in abject fear, 
 Marked by his neighbours as a ruined man, 
 Shows, but in milder form, the wretched plan ! 
 
56 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 From themes like this, the mind distressed, set free, 
 Bounds with delight, to view the inland sea : 
 The farther shore, a steep uncultured waste : 
 With grandeur decked in nature's wildest taste ; 
 While warmer, gayer beams, from Prince's Isle, 
 Enrich the scene, with their more cultured smile ; 
 Rich clustering fruits adorn each scented grove, 
 Where birds of brightest plumage gaily rove ; 
 There grow the mangosteens' nectarian fruits 
 Desired by all, which every palate suits, 
 Like honey melts, from Hybla's far-famed height, 
 When roseat rind resigns its luscious w^hite ; 
 More precious still, the spicy nutmeg there 
 And fragrant clove perfume the balmy air ; 
 Washed by the wave, reclines the guardian Fort, 
 In former days a safe and fit resort, — 
 A pageant now — to blazen festive sounds, 
 With notes of joy alone its walls resound ; 
 Within its outstretched arm, of all degrees 
 Are moored the barks that court its sheltered seas, 
 Secure they ride, nor dread the coming storm, 
 On all sides guarded by the harbour's form ; 
 While shoreward crowd a healthy, active race, 
 Characters which here peculiarly we trace 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 57 
 
 More gay than Hindust'han — yet humbler grade, 
 (Here dwellings are for use, not for parade,) 
 Neat and retired, while shady trees enclose, 
 Appear the abodes of comfort and repose ; 
 Unlike those graver masses built in squares, 
 Whose solid form the thought of ease impairs, — 
 Cubes yield to nothing ; but in self secure, 
 For ever seem to cry, " Go hence, ye poor !" 
 But peaceful Osian's shady halls proclaim 
 That hospitality is not a name; 
 For never stranger, nor the houseless poor 
 Passed on neglected by its generous door, 
 Nor, Glugor, thine ! — then may success attend 
 And crowded boughs with fragrant harvest bend ! 
 And thou, choice spot, exalted e'en in name, 
 (That for a title dost my country claim,) 
 May joy and comfort ever mark thy way, 
 And conscious blessings greet thy parting day ! 
 
 Adieu, sweet spot ! where friendship oft did smile 
 A care-worn mind from wretchedness to guile ; 
 For false ambition with relentless hand 
 Drags her chained victim on from land to land 
 In quest of fortune, varying as it's found 
 A phantom of the brain — an empty sound ! 
 
58 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Like mountain's fleeting mist, or morning dews 
 Eludes the sight when day its strength renews : 
 Yet on the altar of this phantom, bleed 
 Victims untold, in misery and in need ! 
 
 This nothing yields in lucre's sordid way, 
 While plans prospective shorten our delay : 
 Three days we stay, in hopes the mart may rise, 
 But Heaven in this our selfish prayer denies : 
 Then by experience taught, Mercator's care 
 Waits the land breeze, which for the south is fair ; 
 Courts Luna's favour to assist our way 
 'Mongst isles and shoals that crowd the Southern Bay : 
 Slowly we move till Raymo comes in view, 
 Which passed to right, our seaward toils renew : 
 Spread then the canvass to the favouring breeze ; 
 The Sands and Aroas passed, the mind's at ease, 
 South-east-by-east our course is now to run, 
 And soon Malaca's high blue coasts are won : 
 These we approach, and on their muddy shore 
 Drop the barbed anchor, and the vessel moor ; 
 And freed from care, the varied scene admire, — 
 The woody hills in mingled green attire, 
 Range after range retiring from the view, 
 Till lost in distance 'midst aerial blue 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
 The fertile cultured fields, romantic glades, 
 The glowing contrasts of its lights and shades : 
 The town itself, encroaching on the main, 
 Is back reflected from the glassy plane ; 
 Restored of late, now Nassau's will obeys, 
 And in its turn o'er vassal princedoms sways — 
 O'er Salengora's northern distant post, 
 And Rhio's fort, and Lingin's barbarous coast. 
 
 But say what edific commands yon hill, 
 Where sadness reigns and desolation still ? 
 Few traces now, of former grandeur there, — 
 Of relics sacred, and recluses' prayer : — 
 That church, blind superstition once obeyed 
 In darkest terrors impious arrayed, 
 When o'er the land the Inquisition swayed ; 
 And iron-handed in the mildest cause, 
 Proclaimed the gospel by the sternest laws ! 
 But, ah ! Omnipotence, how wise thy ways ! 
 Thou dost avert, tho' man to plan essays ; — 
 For now the gospel with redeeming light 
 Beams like a beacon o'er the brooding night 
 Of heathen darkness, from its zealous halls, 
 And sheds a halo o'er its blood-stained walls ! 
 
 59 
 
60 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 These bulwarks razed, and more extended lines 
 Grown useless now, the need of former times, 
 Thy strength display, when D' Albuquerque assailed 
 The foe united nor in conquest failed ; 
 For there the Crescent waved in barbarous pride, 
 And Christian foes in former days defied — 
 Ere Europe had a name in eastern spheres, 
 These had their day, and ruled their world by fears, 
 Bought with their swords their new celestial lights, 
 Their false religion, and their blood-stained rites, 
 By scimitars enforced ; thus mildly given, 
 Redemption's gracious plan so sent from Heaven ! 
 Could man imagine thus, and think aright ? 
 Did e'er the peaceful dove on lance alight ? — 
 Nor milder followed by the conquering band, 
 Who spread their system o'er the trembling land. 
 
 Warmed by the scene, the fancy freer roams 
 To former days, when, loathing peaceful homes, 
 Malaya's daring sons from neighbouring shores 
 Did hither come in quest of richer stores ; — 
 See the rude throng, led on by warrior's hand, 
 Defeat the ruder children of the land ! 
 Hear the loud yell of furious savage hate ! 
 Behold the crees that blood alone can sate ! 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 61 
 
 No warning gives, nor dexterous guards to part, 
 But straight, and silent seeks its victim's heart ; 
 In mingled combat wounds are ta'en and given ; 
 At length the weaker to the hills are driven, 
 And leave the strangers all their fruitful coast, 
 Who raise Malaka, in its strength to boast, # 
 Soon spread their conquest and their fame around, 
 Increase their trade, and till the genial ground ; 
 For ages flourish, but in pagan state, 
 Till Mahomet's lights a change of faith create, 
 Not taught by force ; their sovereign's will it was 
 To yield obedience to the prophet's laws. 
 
 View them, in turn, the Siamese obey, 
 Who, for a time, maintain victorious sway, 
 Unknown to peace ; no spirits they to yield ; 
 (Ne'er quit, intruders, your protecting shield !) 
 For then these fields by blood and strife were stained, 
 When Siam's lord his hard-won power maintained. 
 Easy it were to paint th' embattled host 
 In myriads stretched along the northern coast, 
 With massive grandeur in the Eastern mode, 
 Where cumbered war with luxury they load ; 
 * See Note C. 
 6 
 
62 THE COLUMBIA!*. [CANTO I. 
 
 While the bold wanderers from foreign shore 
 Despise such pomp, and love to fight in gore, - — 
 Led on by Mahomet's victorious arm, 
 Attack th' invaders, and create alarm : 
 Confusion follows, and a general route, 
 And Manancabo's sons their victory shout ! 
 In peace once more beneath umbrageous shade, 
 Increase their fruits, enjoy a gainful trade : 
 But soon a hero of a sterner mould, 
 Comes from afar and drives them from their hold : 
 Reckless they fly, with families and all, 
 And found Johore, to shun European thrall ; 
 'Till Nassau's children came — all rites who view 
 Alike — and they Mahomet's forms renew. 
 
 Plans more restrictive, by Batavia laid, 
 To centre in its mart all foreign trade, 
 Confined their wants to articles of need : 
 They ask alone the fell narcotic weed ! 
 But ask of us in vain, for none we hold, 
 By us this poison is not bought or sold ; — 
 Yet hospitable still, they urge delay, 
 But deaf to pleasure, we curtail our stay : 
 Bepel entreaties with the well-known song, 
 "An idle hour on shore's an hour too long." 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
 And stem the sea once more with busy pride, 
 While hope " to come " our disappointments hide 
 E'en from ourselves, the victims of to-morrow, 
 Who in the future drown all present sorrow. 
 Borne on Time's pinions for one day and night, 
 By favouring breezes aided in our flight, 
 In early dawn, high peaked, of azure hue, 
 The Carimans appear, to change the view, 
 Whose shores unsheltered, and unfriendly coast, 
 The honour of our rule them lately lost.* 
 ' From thence oblique we cross, of danger free, 
 Our way directed by the Single Tree ; 
 The Coney doubled, and alert St. John, 
 In Singapoura's Bay the^anchor's gone, 
 Close to the sandy beach ; a fairy scene, — 
 Such poets thought of, but have seldom seen ! 
 Hail, genial clime ! of all the Eastern isles, 
 Best seated thou to gather Fortune's smiles ; 
 Thy rich and fecund soil on gentle hills, 
 Thy pure, salubrious air, so free from ills ; 
 Unknown to tempests, or to tremblings thou, 
 Thy woody glades, in wild luxuriance now, 
 Shall yield requital to the furrowing plough, 
 * See Note D. 
 
 63 
 
64 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Hail ! Genius brilliant, whose extended view, 
 Thy country's honour, and her welfare knew ! 
 Too thin their flimsy veil to blind thine eyes, 
 Thy hand stretched forth, the subtle cobweb flies, 
 And modern Carthage's foundations rise : 
 Most meet the ancient site thy wisdom chose, 
 Round which as centre Eastern traffick flows ; 
 Where health has fixed her home, and pleasure reigns, 
 And Commerce, join'd with freedom, laughs at chains. * 
 
 Canst thou, bright fancy, in prospective scene, 
 Raise by thy magic touch th' impervious screen 
 That veils the future from our anxious gaze, — 
 Involved in darkness and distorting haze, — 
 And show this spot, now clad in humble brown, 
 Grown rich in palaces, a populous town ? 
 
 Commanding, on yon hill, with haughty mien 
 And gay attire, the chief's abode is seen : 
 With bristling guards the front of heavy train, 
 Rearward to flank the battery on the plain, 
 Where seated in the midst, from all retired, 
 A temple stands in grandeur, lofty spired, 
 The magnet sacred that unites the whole, — 
 The fount that strengthens and refines the soul ! 
 *See Note E. 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 65 
 
 Round this the crowded town protection seeks, 
 
 In cubic form, whose fronts are open streets 
 
 Of wide extent, where wheeling in the maze, 
 
 Each rank embodied mimic war displays, 
 
 Or loungers wander, by dull sloth oppressed, 
 
 Determined idlers to the world confessed. 
 
 To those who rule, and buildings of the state, 
 
 The front department should alone relate ; 
 
 Through this all strangers to the town approach, 
 
 Then let its form incur no just reproach, 
 
 But viewed with pleasure by the passing eye, 
 
 With other cities let it justly vie ; 
 
 Nature's own finger points direct the way, 
 
 To Mercury's sons along the narrow bay ; 
 
 Though plans more selfish from another source, 
 
 Would, if permitted, change the proper course ; 
 
 Stain not the laurels thou so late hast won ! 
 
 A Briton's rights ! — but thou thyself art one ! 
 
 Then stay, ah stay thy hand, nor drive them thence, 
 
 By Commerce circled, — what more noble fence ! 
 
 Then let its Western sons on this abide, 
 
 But place the Eastern on the other side ; 
 
 Though separate, not divided, for the twain 
 
 Without each other's aid can nothing gain ; 
 
 6 * 
 
66 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 But let the noble arch unite their homes, — 
 O'er the green wave, above the field of tombs. 
 And ranged convenient, let their wharfs approach 
 In friendly style, and on the sea encroach ; 
 Then cut yon hill, and level all around, 
 And marsh and fen convert to solid ground : 
 Indifferent may the upper part be held, 
 At freedom built, to form alone compelled : 
 But there should strangers, to the rest unknown, 
 For lucre find repose, and welcome home : 
 Men trained to war should form an iEgis there, 
 To guard from foes the wide extended square, 
 Built on the spot where former warriors placed 
 Their guardian towers, from which the name is traced: 
 Thus planned and governed shall it soon proclaim. 
 The growing honours of the British name, 
 While justly reined by our benignant code, 
 Men from around shall form their new abode,* 
 And barques from far, in safety as they ride, 
 Shall wave their ensigns with an equal pride ; 
 While busy on the mart each anxious face, 
 Amid the throng, may striking objects trace : — 
 This brings the produce of his busy year, 
 Ambitious grown in western garb V appear, 
 * See Note F. 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 67 
 
 Nor yet unmindful of more dear commands. — 
 The simple grandeur which his home demands : 
 Another brings the camphor, fragrant gum, 
 Some rob the bee, — the acrid branches some ; 
 But all, in equal course, direct proceed, 
 Straight to the heart the genial profits lead. 
 
 As sea birds young, with keen expecting eye, 
 Returning parents on the wing descry, 
 So tens of thousands, with the annual gales, 
 On distant isles, perceive returning sails, 
 Crowd round the bays to meet their vent'rous friends, 
 And heartfelt pleasures on their roof descends, 
 When, borne in triumph to their welcome homes, 
 (What pleasure greater to the man who roams ?) 
 The yearly tribute from more polished lands, 
 The wond'rous works of more ingenious hands, — 
 The vivid colours of European dye, 
 The varied shades that with the Iris vie, 
 Are forth displayed, to court the rude applause 
 Of men untaught in nature's simple laws, 
 Days of delight, and pleasure follow round ; — 
 Subsiding these, they till the fertile ground, 
 Exert their industry for coming years, 
 And hope of gain their buoyant labour cheers. 
 
68 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Such are the blessings which from trade arise, 
 No other policy, however wise 
 Can yield content, though force it should employ, 
 Yet this makes lands and isles to sing for joy, — 
 To taste the comforts of an active life, 
 To study peace and shun illegal strife ; 
 Through paths material points the certain way 
 To blissful influence, and brighter ray. 
 
 Long could I linger to enjoy thy shades, 
 And wend delighted through thy flowery glades, 
 Pleased with their fragrance, and their varied hues, 
 In cool of eve, or midst the morning dews : 
 But sordid lucre, with imperious calls, 
 BidsAis begone, and shun the syren thrall : 
 While all obedient to the landward gale 
 Spread on its breath the wide departing sail, 
 Swift o'er the wave on eastern wings we fly, 
 To Lexicon's isle, our way intent to ply. 
 
 Here toil incessant in the fostering flood, — 
 The lime-encrusting polypiferous brood, 
 By wond'rous instinct taught from higher Source, 
 To place the many 'gainst the lack of force ; 
 Behold how certain their progressive rise, 
 Their labours common, how extremely wise ! 
 
CANTO I.] THE COLUMBIAD. 69 
 
 Who would suppose of creature so deform, 
 
 That plans, combined for leagues, they should perform ? 
 
 As if intelligence from hand to hand, 
 
 Spread with electric speed throughout the band ; 
 
 That winds prevailing, waves, and all are weighed, 
 
 And laws, depending on the whole, obeyed ! 
 
 But still more strange, that reason-gifted man 
 
 Should from their works, mistake the general plan 
 
 Of God's creation, and at all suppose, 
 
 That tropic lands from such a source arose ! 
 
 For when, at length, the globe extern is known, 
 
 Insatiate man next pries within the zone, 
 
 To search the bowels of his parent mould, 
 
 Not for base metals, or all potent gold, 
 
 Nor wide to range o'er nature's works, and scan 
 
 The abounding proofs of wisdom in her plan ; 
 
 But still perverse, these sounder views despise, 
 
 By sinking, hopes at art Divine to rise ! 
 
 Anxious to know, with curious fond desire, 
 
 If formed at first by water, worms, or fire ! 
 
 Or how at last the great Creator's might, 
 
 Shall it dissolve again to endless night ! 
 
 What shall unmake it but the self-same power 
 
 That said the word, and formed it in an hour ? 
 
70 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 While faithless man shall search and wonder on ; 
 
 For who can tell ? — to whom's the secret known ? 
 
 Can ants, which creep the bomb prepared, conceive 
 
 The force employed the infernal ball to heave ? 
 
 Or could their reason tell, should they enquire, 
 
 What still is wanting, — the exploding fire ? 
 
 And, though superior, can we see the link 
 
 That binds our globe, as we, too, dimly think ? 
 
 Or trace the chain to the Creator's mind, 
 
 And from the work deduce the art divine ? 
 
 Minds that perceive through matter ', can they span 
 
 The thought of that which was, ere yet His plan 
 
 Had matter willed, form what no matter was, 
 
 And all the universe was boundless chaos ? 
 
 Oh no ! Then quit the task, restrain your views, 
 
 To what to man and science is of use ; 
 
 Learn, when ye scrutinize maternal soil, 
 
 To turn to comfort all unmeaning toil ; 
 
 For this the field, in which the enquiring mind 
 
 May e'er do good, and scarce a limit find ; 
 
 But still improving as its labours grow, 
 
 Spread o'er the earth, through all conditions flow.* 
 
 * See Note G. 
 
THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
 CANTO I. — Part II. 
 
ARGUMENT OF CANTO I. — PART II. 
 
 Approach the entrance to Manilla — Its magnificent Bay — Al- 
 lusion to recent events which took place there — Departure 
 from Manilla — Intricate passage through the Straits to the 
 South of Luconia — Commencement of the Storm — Escape 
 from being wrecked on Batag — Storm increases and becomes 
 more adverse — Hurricane — Ship hove to — Sudden discovery 
 of rocky islets under the lee bow — Ware ship, and escape im- 
 mediate destruction — Run in between the rocks and the land 
 — Attempt to anchor — The vessel drags her anchors — Parts 
 one of the cables — Drives rapidly towards the lee and rocky 
 shore — Resolve to cut away the masts — This done, the ship 
 owns the remaining anchor, and resists the storm — Precau- 
 tions adopted to render her position as secure as circumstances 
 permit — Storm abates as the sun declines — Mists and fogs 
 dispel, and show how mercifully we have escaped, and the full 
 extent of our danger — Meditations occasioned by the dreadful 
 scene through which we passed, and the happy results, when 
 properly applied, of such severe and sudden trials on the mind 
 
CANTO I. 
 
 PART II. 
 
 Borne by the breeze, towards the coast we sweep, 
 
 And faint descry Manilla's far-famed keep, — 
 
 Corrigedor, that peering, sits on high, 
 
 And scans the ocean with a jealous eye : 
 
 Clear is the passage, and within secure, 
 
 Where this old fortress guards the sea-ward door. 
 
 Of this assured, we onward hold our way, 
 
 Without a pilot, through the spacious bay ; 
 
 And as we sail, admire on every hand 
 
 The expanse of waters circled by the land ; 
 
 For all Britannia's fleets might safely ride 
 
 On sheltered bosom of that inland tide — 
 
 View, as we pass, Cavite from afar, 
 
 But disregardful, seek Manilla bar. 
 
 Shorn of its beams, its commerce on the wane, 
 No more its galleons cross the adventurous main, 
 
 7 
 
74 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Since Colon's sons, beyond the western wave, 
 In freedom's cause did tyrant thraldom brave ; 
 Not all Iberia's never setting rays, 
 Could mitigate, or aught resist its blaze ; 
 And loathed monopoly, with condign fate 
 Unpitied fell, beneath the people's hate. 
 
 Pale superstition, with its cowls and hoods 
 In darkness wanders, and in cloister broods ; 
 But here, the truncheon of the state it holds, 
 And over all, with iron hand controls ! 
 
 Inhuman city ! on thy blood-stained walls 
 A voice for vengeance unremitting calls ; 
 Vain, vain, the sanctum of thy thousand spires, 
 When Europe's indignation justly fires, 
 For slaughtered sons, secure in thee who dwelt, 
 With blinded confidence ; nor danger felt, 
 Till in a moment, by thy ruthless band 
 Their bodies strewed thy faithless, blood-stained land ; 
 Dragged at thy horses' heels, with equal fate 
 That slaughtered bulls on gala days await, 
 To clear the ring that others may succeed ! 
 Yes, — blind deluded city, such thy deed ! 
 The eyes that saw thee, they their witness gave, 
 That thus unhallowed, found his friends their grave. 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 75 
 
 When thou, supine, from Europe far removed 
 Thought, in thy madness, nothing could be proved ! 
 
 Shame on thee, superstition ! How could'st thou, 
 Although enslaved by strict monastic vow, 
 See innocence cold butchered in thy sight, 
 Nor grant their mangled corpse sepulchral rite ? 
 To priest-craft turn ! its potent help engage, 
 The lash to soften, coming wrath t' assuage ; 
 Perhaps compelled, — but now, alas ! too late ! 
 The bones remove with tardy show of state, 
 With pomp inter them in thy holy ground, 
 From yonder sea-beach, where they burial found ; 
 Yes ; on thy strands, these eyes with tears o'erflown, 
 Have seen their sun-bleached bodies careless thrown, 
 To feed thy vultures' foul insatiate maws, 
 Not more inhuman than thy barbarous laws ; 
 Where false religion sits enshrined in thee, 
 And mantles vice by its hypocrisy ; 
 Throws o'er thee retribution's fearful gloom, 
 That points, if unrepentant, to thy doom ! 
 
 Through the poised scales with slow declining ray 
 Phoebus had passed, and Scorpio ruled the day : 
 111 omened sign throughout the Eastern seas ; — 
 No season this for slumber, or for ease ! 
 
76 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 But still, — regardless still intent on gain, 
 We scorn such fears, and future ills disdain ; 
 Our course resolved no longer to delay, 
 We now prepare to leave the faithless bay ; 
 New fields of commerce venturous to explore, — 
 The western regions of Columbia's shore ; 
 Not openly, but under secret guise, 
 For still Iberia intercouse denies. 
 
 On expectation's tiptoe, each elate, 
 Awards to self a favouring turn of fate : 
 None dream by night or day but dream of gold, 
 And fancy's gayest webs at large unfold, 
 With nice distinctions, suited to each mind, 
 And all enslave, with subtile magic bind ; 
 Entranced in sordid pleasure's dazzling blaze, 
 In silent ecstacy they fondly gaze : 
 View silver heaped on high — Oh glorious sight ! 
 Rich, mouldy treasures brought again to light ! 
 E'en Mexico's deep mines, though at command, 
 Could scarce appease their covetous demand. — 
 The flowers may differ, yet on fancy's tree, 
 In one respect, they all alike agree ; — 
 None dream they lose a fortune, but all gain ; 
 The mean may vary, but the end's the same ; 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 77 
 
 To win it's nothing, — that they leave to fate ; 
 
 But how to sip end it, forms the nice debate : 
 
 By this the training of the mind is known, 
 
 Where now it points, and what it has been 's shown ; 
 
 The mettle of the spirit's clearly seen, 
 
 And knowledge of the heart from it we glean. 
 
 While sleep refreshing Jason's eyelids seals, 
 The Circe her airy fabric's folds reveals, 
 And brightening colours crowd before his mind, 
 Past scenes with future intimate combined, 
 And gay illusions with sweet hope entwined : 
 All dangers past — surmounted with success, 
 His care-worn mind relieved from all distress, 
 Homeward he hies ; and, by the magic wand, 
 As quick as lightning, treads his native land ; 
 With warm embrace. his joyous parents meets, 
 His family, kindred, and his friends he greets ; — 
 A form still dearer floats before his eyes, 
 Which, though illusion, calls forth many sighs ; 
 But all are fleeting, like the ebbing glass, 
 The cherished shadows quick as meteors pass ; 
 Touched by the rod, before the astonished sight, 
 The scene displays with faithful shade and light 
 
 7* 
 
78 THE COLUMBIAD. [cANTO I. 
 
 Scotia's learned capital ; a rival name 
 
 To Grecians Athens — favoured child of fame. 
 
 There lingering, he reviews these classic scenes, 
 
 While waking wishes haunt his midnight dreams ; 
 
 Deep wrapt in thought, unmindful of the gay, 
 
 At learning's fount he occupies the day ; 
 
 Immured in gloom, amid scholastic walls, 
 
 Incessant labours, deaf to pleasure's calls ; 
 
 From heedlessness of youth redeems his fame, 
 
 Unlearns his faults, his ignorance to reclaim ; 
 
 Nor finds the lessons by experience taught, 
 
 As now employed, have profitless been bought ; 
 
 But yield assistance to his present lore, 
 
 And clear the page he found too dark before. — 
 
 Now tired of study, early sylvan scenes 
 
 Present themselves, and variegate his dreams ; 
 
 Pleased with the view, beneath umbrageous trees, 
 
 Whose waving branches float upon the breeze, 
 
 He wanders on, nor solitary there, 
 
 Charmed with society of virtuous fair, 
 
 His tale of dangers past essays to tell, 
 
 When, lo ! arrested by the magic spell, 
 
 Scenes still more active seem to be his aim, — 
 
 The sportsman's pleasure, and the huntsman's fame : 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 79 
 
 In full career the startled stag he sees, 
 The horn's shrill note is borne along the breeze ; 
 Swift o'er the lawn the prey avoids the chase, 
 The deep-mouthed dogs pursue with swifter pace ! 
 Their victim seize, and clamorous with their noise, 
 Shout the loud mort to crown the huntsmen's joys ! 
 Kindling in fancy with the 'larum he wakes, 
 Bewildered still midst forests, lawns, and brakes, 
 And all the pageantry of joyous chase, 
 But rougher sounds these halcyon forms efface, 
 Aiad damp his soul with scenes of duller hue ; 
 The morning's dawn has waked the noisy crew ; — 
 " All hands aho !" in varied tongue 's proclaimed ; — 
 The drowsy god unbinds his victims chained. — 
 Few seek more shelter than the starry shroud, 
 The rest, like bees, on deck, up-humming crowd ; 
 Captains and topmen to the tops ascend, 
 Each to his post, and all their duties tend ; — 
 Meanwhile the master o'er the rest is seen, 
 Treading the poop with quick and anxious mien ; 
 Attending Tethys by his side appears, 
 Proclaims his wishes, and the labour cheers ; 
 More distant Daedalus the bow commands, 
 Repeats the orders, and directs the hands 
 
80 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Who at the anchors ply ; while Palin coils 
 
 (With chosen few, the partners of his toils,) 
 
 In cable tier, the huge mis-shapen rope, 
 
 In danger's hour the last remaining hope ; 
 
 In silence all expectant ready stand, — 
 
 " Sheet home the topsails !" is the first command ; 
 
 " The lower lifts and binding trusses ease, — 
 
 " And trim the yards alternate to the breeze ; 
 
 " This to propel, that to impede her way, 
 
 " To guide her movements in the crowded bay." 
 
 Loud creak the blocks as wind the topsail ties, 
 
 And soon aloft each yarcl wide spreading flies : — 
 
 " Call down the topmen : carpenter, prepare 
 
 " The winding capstern ; — and all hands repair 
 
 " To wrench the anchors from their clayey layer ! " 
 
 Thick swarm the thoughtless crew, for ever gay, 
 
 Glad to arrive ; rejoiced to get away ; 
 
 To pliant messengers the cable bind, 
 
 By subtle stoppers manifold entwined : 
 
 Then round the middle frame with triple fold 
 
 The lesser's coiled, while this fresh stoppers hold. 
 
 Loud clang the pauls, as round the capstern turns, 
 To quit its hold the faithful hawser spurns, 
 A few steps more, the powerful engine palls ; — 
 " Up with the jib ! " Mercator quickly calls ; 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
 81 
 
 " Starboard the helm ! — starboard — starboard still ! 
 " Loose gallant sails, and royals, — courses fill ! 
 " Haul out the spanker ; — after braces square ; 
 " Then to the anchor let all hands repair." 
 
 Swiftly she moves, and bounding, spurns the spray, 
 Proud of her gallant form and trim array ; 
 Like youthful beauty decked in virgin charms 
 When first at court, and blushing soft alarms ; 
 Pleased with herself, admired of all around, 
 With graceful steps she walks the awful round ; 
 As all give place, but half-inclined retire, 
 Anxious to gaze on charms which all inspire ; 
 While passing near, the flattering whispers sigh, 
 And mark the object by the tell-tale eye : 
 So proudly dashed the barque, midst brushing noise, 
 The sailor's harmony, that never cloys ; 
 Which course majestic through the fleet she steers, 
 And passing, meets an homage of loud cheers ; 
 In these a warm farewell is ta'en and given, 
 By friends who part to meet — perhaps in heaven ! 
 
 Thin are the clouds that life's heyday o'ercast, 
 And soon dispel, forgotten when they're past ; 
 
82 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Not quicker rush the mingling waters o'er 
 
 The place the vessel occupied before, 
 
 Than crowd the rapid thoughts across the mind, 
 
 And leave no traces of the past behind ; 
 
 For ere a thought can in their minds have birth 
 
 Fancy has ta'en her flight round half the earth ; 
 
 Nor rest is doomed their fluttering wings to find, 
 
 Until Columbian shores the ocean bind. 
 
 Lured by fond hopes, Ave skim the inland sea, 
 And seek the channel, by the south, that's free ; 
 The narrows gain ; and, favoured by the wind, 
 Soon leave Manilla and its shores behind. 
 
 On Jason's thoughtful mind no mirth appears, 
 No hope elates him, nor no prospect cheers, 
 But sad presages of approaching woe, 
 Deep o'er his soul their gloomy mantle throw ; 
 Retired and silent, on the poop reclined, 
 While former scenes pass slowly through his mind ; 
 By distance mellowed, but distinct the lines, 
 Far in the shade obscure the present times. 
 
 Still was the night, and clear the vault of heaven ; 
 How choice for minds to contemplation given ! 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
 83 
 
 In softest murmurs sighed each vassal wave, 
 While playfully the barque they gently lave ; 
 And sporting in the moonbeam's silvery light, 
 Lend their attractions to the soul's delight. 
 The crescent pale with mildest radiance shone, 
 Nor yet too young, nor too complete was grown ; 
 But, virgin like, with chastest rays it smiled, 
 And thoughts from earth to heaven unconscious wiled. 
 Just such a night, so clear, serene and still, 
 When Cynthia's beams o'ertop the verdant hill, 
 Do angel spirits wing their aerial way, 
 From high descend, and on the moonbeams play ; 
 With fragrance fill the air, and sweetest sounds, 
 Till nature smiles, and earth with joy abounds. 
 Just such a night. Ah ! — how serenely fair ! 
 When the heath's flower perfumed the fragrant air ; 
 How oft in former, — ah ! too distant days ! 
 When 'twas no sin to bask in beauty's rays, 
 He's seen the urchin aim his well poised dart, 
 Nor fail to strike — to pierce a feeling heart ; 
 But unavailing all ; — too chill the soil 
 (For ever doomed by sternest fate to toil) 
 Love's flowers to nourish, for they withering died, 
 Or shivering to their heavenly homes they hied ; 
 
84 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Bore with them thence the love-drop, man receives 
 With life's spark linked, when nature kindly breathes, 
 A votive offering to love's blinded god, 
 And left the heart a cold and lifeless clod ! 
 
 Just such a night, in youthful joyous band, 
 How oft at home ! — ah ! now far distant land ! 
 He's wandered on, while converse did impart, 
 The pure ideas reeking from the heart, 
 With fervid glow, direct from friendship's source, 
 While thoughts ne'er entered that create remorse ; 
 All unrestrained the social spirits glow, 
 No snares they dread, no artifice they know ; 
 But freely quaff from life's untainted stream, 
 While yet 'tis but an unawakened dream ! 
 Unfelt the bliss ; for spurred by nature's laws, 
 Advancement's sought, and coveted applause : 
 Then mingle feelings of a worldly course, 
 Deep tinge the current, and pollute the source ; 
 Like spotless ermine sullied by a stain, 
 Can ne'er its pristine purity regain ; 
 But since such halcyon days have ceased to bless, 
 How changed the scene he has been doomed to trace ! 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 85 
 
 What crowds of phantoms have his friendship claimed, 
 Assumed its garb, and loud its rites proclaimed ; 
 Till by the test essayed — the touch of need, 
 Naked they've stood, or fled with guilty speed ; 
 And left him — ne'er suspecting treacherous art, 
 Dire disappointment, and a wounded heart ; 
 Till wrongs inure, and sad convictions show 
 All are not true that in truth! s colours gloxo ! 
 Thoughts such as these employed his cheerless mind, 
 Just in themselves, but to the shade inclined ; 
 More sombre still, when present scenes were placed 
 Opposed to those his mind discursive traced ; 
 For now, the race begun, no rest he knows, — 
 Now passing these, and passed himself by those : 
 By interest goaded with her thousand fears, 
 Sunk deep in cares, scarce frendship's voice he hears, 
 But all around with selfish tinge appears. 
 At length these pass, and more immediate ills 
 Oppress his boding mind with anxious thrills, 
 That no enquiry stand, nor reason's test, 
 But vaguely float, in gloomy colours dressed, 
 All undefined, yet in the heart abide ; 
 And all attempts to banish them deride ; — 
 
 8 
 
86 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 E'en consolation baulk — the wretched's claim, 
 From those whose danger and whose hope's the same. 
 Mild sent the moon her nightly farewell smile. 
 And sank to rest behind Fortuna's isle ; 
 Onward we grope, deprived of light or stay 
 At every pace, more intricate the way ; 
 But still, resolved this shorter path to dare, 
 Despise these dangers, for its gains to share ; 
 ^For reason says, and points to eastward seas, — 
 " Behold your safeguard 'gainst the northern breeze ! " 
 And thus admonished, spite the fickle wind,* 
 The hidden entrance to the pass we find ; 
 For soon Mindora's northern shores are seen, 
 Luconia's south, our narrow path between : 
 Like Scylla and Charybdis, sung of yore, 
 On either side we shun the dangerous shore, 
 And boldly pass, nor dread the Syren's song, 
 But 'gainst the breeze urge the loath bark along ; 
 View with emotions of intense delight, 
 This watery labyrinth's enchanting sight, 
 By thousand islands formed, of richest hue, 
 The green of this, there mellowed into blue : 
 Ambitious some, their peaks exalt on high, 
 And crowned by clouds, are hid from mortal eye ; 
 * See Note H. 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
 87 
 
 More humble others stretch to moderate height, 
 Friendly to man, the culturing plough invite ; 
 But desert all, — all savage and unknown, 
 By rock surrounded, and by woods o'ergrown. 
 
 Charmed with the scene of nature wildly gay, 
 We pass the Cape, where straightest is the way, 
 But bold the channel ; for the depth is more 
 Than surface measurement from shore to shore. 
 Now stands Mandruque, to oppose us, forth, 
 Adroit we wheel, and leave it on the north ; 
 Despise the frowning of its towering hills, 
 For vain its efforts to oppose our wills ; 
 Soon as its dangerous shores we safely clear, 
 Stretch farther north, till Buria low appear ; 
 This Masbate fronts, with triple summit crowned, 
 Their savage shores our narrow passage bound ; 
 But like the bird, by magic serpent wiled, 
 Which hops and sings until it is beguiled ; 
 With thoughtless levity still nearer draws, 
 At length is gulphed within the monster's jaws : — 
 So we, grown callous to our blinded state, 
 Impetuous rush to meet a kindred fate ! 
 
 Six days this watery way we winding tread, 
 The chart an equal to the mystic thread : 
 
88 THE COLUMBIAD. CANTO I.] 
 
 The seventh, propitious to our hopes arose, 
 And showed the goal where present labours close ; 
 But transient as the winter's short-lived beam, — 
 Overclouded ere it sheds its sickly gleam ; 
 So lived our hopes, - — for now in awful gloom 
 Of livid fire, the sun forebodes our doom ; 
 By clouds enveloped, through whose dusky face, 
 A sullen glare pervades the vapoury space ; 
 Deep sigh the woods, as close we pass the shore, 
 And, though a calm, the hollow breakers roar : 
 Foaming they wash the muddy strands around, 
 Then back recoiling from the rocks rebound 
 With horrid surge to us ill-omened sight, 
 And direr yet when day has sunk to night ; 
 For still the dangers of our w^ay are near : 
 Batag's hoarse breakers on the lee we hear 
 In consort with the gale, now howling loud 
 'Mongst ropes, and yards, and thro' each faithful shroud. 
 Mercator, perched like hawk in quest of prey, 
 His eye-balls strains to mark each fleeting spray, 
 Discerns fresh dangers, as we adverse plough 
 The crested seas, towards the leeward bow ; 
 The time for prudent fear he sees has past, 
 Commands fresh canvass on each straining mast, 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 89 
 
 Our way to windward boldly to pursue, — 
 To turn is ruin ; — death we leeward view : 
 The waning moon at length is faintly seen, 
 Yet lends few rays, so dense the hazy screen, 
 But sends a lurid shade, a mournful light, 
 To draw the veil, and show the appalling sight ; 
 Aghast we stand, and, almost in despair, 
 Address to Heaven a silent heartfelt prayer ; 
 Kind Heaven, auspicious, lends a gracious ear, 
 The shoal we weather, our immediate fear.* 
 Yet other dangers haunt our dubious way, 
 Anxious we wait the coming dawn of day ; 
 No dawn appears, for, wonderous to relate, 
 (Unknown before, sure presage of our fate,) 
 The morning comes, but comes with lagging pace, 
 Two hours behind, and shows a frowning face ; 
 Its beams night's gloomy curtain scarce withdraw, 
 But seem obedient to her dusky law ; 
 As fierce Alecto with revengeful band, 
 When evil's doomed to some devoted land, 
 A ghastly smile o'erspreads her fiendish face, 
 To mock the terrors of the human race ; 
 
 * See Note I. 
 8* 
 
90 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 So scowled the sun, as through the haze it rose, 
 While loud the storm with tempest fury blows ; 
 Close, and more close the dim horizon nears, 
 Obstructs the view, and fills our souls with fears ; 
 The rushing waves, white, foaming, tower around, 
 And to the view with lowering looks confound 
 An undistinguished mass, while torrents pour, 
 To add their horrors to the dreadful hour. 
 
 The barque no longer now can labouring bear 
 The close reefed topsails, and the courses square, 
 For deep immersed in each successive sea. 
 The guns and gunwale dip upon the lee ; 
 Secured the courses, clued with nautic art, 
 To the eased yards are lashed at every part ; 
 Quit of the load, she bounds with grateful ease, 
 And though still buried, cuts the mountain seas ; 
 Like some bold leader, waged in dubious strife, 
 By foes surrounded, combats for his life : 
 Though reeling from their blows, he scorns to yield, 
 And still maintains the hard contested field ; 
 Then should some friend, observant of his state, 
 Resolve to succour, and avert his fate, 
 Renewed in vigour, the bold heroes toil, 
 And back, repulsed, the daring foes recoil : — 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 91 
 
 So from the barque relieved, with rushing sound, 
 The spumy seas in broken waves rebound, 
 In mid air tossed, like sheets of liquid snow, 
 Swift they descend, and on the decks o'erflow. 
 
 Harder still pressed, by fate's severest laws, 
 The adverse wind more inauspicious draws ; 
 Kindling in rage, and more impetuous grown, 
 From the stout bolt-rope the reefed topsail's blown, 
 Whose noisy fragments shivering in the gale, 
 Obstruct our efforts to replace the sail ; 
 At length o'ercome, another suit is bent, 
 With every caution that they can invent, 
 But all in vain, for soon a furious blast 
 Strips them, like autumn leaves, from off the mast : 
 And now the stay-sails slide along the stay, 
 To urge the vessel on her windward way, 
 But of the topsails share the fate forlorn — 
 From faithful hanks in thousand shreds are torn. 
 
 Tethys hard labouring to replace the ill, 
 Is forward seen, directing all with skill ; 
 To loose the foresail all their care employs, 
 While the reefed mizen forms an equipoise 
 To force the ship, as long as hopes remain, 
 From leeward shore; or some safe creek to gain ; 
 
92 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Like hopeless wanderer with ill-fated haste, 
 Who lonely treads across some desert waste, 
 Taught by the aspect of the lowering sky, 
 From storm of snow, impending fate to fly; 
 Useless his speed, — the coming showers descend 
 In flaky torrents, and all traces blend ; 
 Onward he struggles, desolate become, 
 And plunging, strays at every step from home ; 
 Of hope bereft, all friendly marks effaced, — 
 The well-known beacon he had cautious placed 
 In other times to mark his dangerous way, 
 Where chasms yawned and precipices lay ; 
 Few hopes remain should he attempt the path ; — 
 To turn 's destruction ; to remain is death : 
 The poignant thought, — from wife and family torn, 
 Friendless and poor are left his loss to mourn ; — 
 Pierced to the core, to desperation driven, 
 He rushes on and leaves his fate to Heaven ! 
 So we, too, conscious of our desperate state, 
 In awful silence bide our wretched fate ; 
 The land, no eye, however keen, can see, 
 To view its form and bearings on the lee ; 
 Nature's own lineaments obscured from sight, 
 We scan the chart with hope's expiring light ; 
 
PART IT.] THE COLUMBIAD. 93 
 
 From this, alas ! no consolation's found, — 
 It shows the rocky coast far stretched around, 
 In crescent form, a deep encircling bay, 
 Whose shelving points obstruct our dangerous way ; 
 On change of wind alone our hope relies ; 
 But even this, mysterious Heaven denies ; 
 The wind, relentless, owns its natural laws, 
 Sweeps o'er the land oblique, and adverse draws 
 On either hand — turn as we anxious will, 
 Impedes our progress, and defeats our skill ; 
 But still the love of life — man's strongest tie, 
 Lays hold of hope, permits it not to fly. — 
 Points to the sails, though scanty and oppressed, 
 If braced alternate we shall be at rest, 
 And stayed in progress, midway may remain, 
 And yet may live — our darkest fears prove vain : 
 Now on the swelling waves we tower on high, 
 Then in the trough anon we prostrate lie : 
 Billows like mountains towering o'er the plain, 
 Come rushing on and treat us with disdain, 
 Yet harmless pass, defeated of their prey, 
 And haste to wreak their fury on the bay ; 
 While hope revives on board, — a transient gleam, 
 For through the haze the rocks are leeward seen ! 
 
94 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Bold, and sharp pointed, naked in their form, 
 They dauntless brave the loud imperious storm, 
 Whose foaming waves bound from their sides on high, 
 In brightening contrast 'gainst the lurid sky ! 
 " The rocks ! — the rocks !" in accents of despair, 
 Is heard from all, who fear of danger share ! 
 From many a tongue these plaintive cries proceed, 
 For all on board immediate shipwreck dread ; 
 Some cry to Allah, but to us address 
 Their lingering hopes of succour and success ; 
 Nor means employ, but in their wild despair, 
 Beat their sad breasts and tear their matted hair ; 
 We more assured, on Heaven our faith repose, 
 And 'gainst the storm all means of art oppose ; 
 And thus evince, that danger's trying hour 
 Soon tests the feigned, and the real power : 
 In summer's sun, when scarce a cloud is seen, 
 Confiding man on slender boughs may lean ; 
 But when the wint'ry blast the forests tries, 
 On trees matured his trust alone relies ! 
 
 The fearful rocks we nearer still descry, 
 And hope our latest friend, prepared to fly ! 
 But Heaven in pity saw, and by His aid, 
 It fluttered, lingered, and at length it staid ; 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 95 
 
 Perched on Mercator's arm, his soul to cheer, 
 And taught his mind the labouring bark to veer. # 
 " Hard up the helm !" with judgment prompt he cries, 
 The obedient wheel to starboard quickly flies ; — 
 " Brail up the spanker, if it be too fast, 
 " The axe employ, and cut it from the mast ; — 
 " No time is this half measure to pursue, 
 " With death so dreadful staring us in view ; — 
 " And Tethys, thou, quick, get the foresail round, 
 " In waring ship our only hope is found ; — 
 u For should she to the helm obedient veer, 
 " There yet is room these leeward rocks to clear." 
 So said the master, and the crew assail 
 The swollen spanker with reducing brail ; 
 The watchful steersman with observant zeal, 
 With quick rotation turns the guiding wheel ; 
 The ship obeys, and from the wind retires, 
 Retreating quick through streams of liquid fires : 
 Like some young steer of yet untamed breed, 
 Which herdsman, firmly bound, in fetters lead, 
 Unwilling stalks reluctant o'er the plain, 
 And writhing, foams at every pore with pain ; 
 But if released, with quickening pace he wheels, 
 And all the pleasure of his freedom feels ; 
 * See Note K, 
 
96 THE COLUMBIAD. CANTO I.] 
 
 His brawny sides he beats, and bounding flies 
 O'er hill and dale resounding to his cries ; — 
 So we released from thrall of windward course, 
 With sails just poised to mitigate its force ; 
 In veering, bound and pass the dreadful shoal, 
 Terrific sight that harrowed up the soul ! 
 The spiny rocks, to sheets of foam soon rend 
 Impetuous waves, that 'gainst their sides contend, 
 With loudest roar re-echoed by the storm, 
 Adding new horrors to their rugged form ; 
 A space not twice their height o'er ocean's edge, 
 We pass them by — escape their outer ledge ; 
 Like fissure yawning, suddenly revealed 
 To startled vision, which the snow concealed, 
 When on its verge his devious footsteps stray, 
 T' augment the dangers of the wanderer's way ; 
 Sudden he halts, and with retractive bound 
 Instinctive turns, t' avoid the gulf profound. — 
 So we, quick wheeling round, escape the snare, 
 And present safety like the wanderer share ; 
 Nay, more, the very rocks their terrors cast, 
 Transformed to friends, they bar the furious blast ; 
 Free from the land detached whose rugged shore 
 Behind their lee, forewarns us quick to moor, 
 
97 
 
 PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
 If, happily, the barque shall own the sway 
 Of our last hope, and ride the storm-swept bay. 
 
 And now a presage of great joy is sent, 
 For both the anchors are as yet unbent; 
 The narrow passage threaded just before, 
 This care required against its treacherous shore. 
 " Haste, then !" Mercator cries, "the anchors clear, - 
 " And tend the cables in the cable tier ; 
 " Unloose the stoppers, and on either side 
 " Let them descend into the foaming tide ; 
 ? But first, with caution let the depth be found, 
 " And what the nature of the anchor ground." 
 
 Loud surging in the waves the ponderous mass 
 Down drops, while cables through the hawse-holes pass 
 With grating noise, discordant to the ear, — 
 Yet raise our thoughts, our drooping spirits cheer; 
 But like the transient joys of life, they pass, 
 The sand not quicker leaves the ebbing glass ; 
 For scarce the anchors in the ground are fixed, 
 (By stock reverse, and crooked barbs transfixed,) 
 And stay the vessel on her leeward course, 
 Borne by the billows with resistless force, 
 
 9 
 
98 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 When, checked to windward, every timber shook, 
 And hope almost our trembling breasts forsook ! 
 Defied, the tempest with redoubled rage, 
 Against the barque relentless war doth wage : 
 Chafed by resistance, maddening billows foam, 
 And o'er the decks all unrestricted roam, 
 Sweep all before them, ruthless in their course, 
 That dare oppose their overwhelming force : 
 Till gnawed by rocks, one cable false gives way, 
 The recreant barque no longer stands at bay, 
 But, craven-hearted, leaves the vanquished field, 
 And drags the other that still scorns to yield ; 
 Like horse unbroke, that erst his freedom gained, 
 And wildly roams the pampas unrestrained, 
 Pursued by" Gauchos with unwearied care, 
 Who well poised fetters manifold prepare, 
 Swift o'er the plain he speeds a devious route, 
 But swifter still they follow in pursuit ; 
 The well trained riders, now, on tiptoe stand, 
 Revolving lasos ready in their hand, 
 Which space o'ercome, when thrown in many a fold 
 Secure their victim ; by the neck they hold — 
 Another, and another quick they throw, 
 Nor dare despise their yet unconquered foe, 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 99 
 
 Whose pride offended, free though yet from pain, 
 Strains every nerve, and paws the upturned plain ; 
 High swell his sinews, nostrils wide distend, 
 And tries all arts that savage hate can lend ; 
 But doubtful all, for horse and rider trained, 
 An equal contest is by both sustained ; 
 Entangled though he be, he scorns to yield 2 
 And drags his foes unwilling o'er the field ; 
 Till strained at last beyond its power to bear, 
 One cord gives way ; no strain the other dare 
 Alone resist, but slowly o'er the plain 
 Their victim follow, with intent to maim, 
 Lest covert he should gain, secure from harm, 
 For woods alone, the laso can disarm. 
 Intentions similar on board prevail, 
 When all Ave did could not resist the gale ; 
 For only once, the storm the vessel braves, 
 And then, o'ercome, retreats before the waves ; 
 Full on the dangerous shore, a rocky waste, 
 Drives on incautious, with ill-omened haste ; 
 Like some poor mortal, who repentant turns, 
 When better feelings in his bosom burns ; 
 Resolving boldly to defy all sneers, 
 And for a while to brave the worldling's jeers ; 
 
100 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 But soon his doubts these fairer hopes betray, 
 He stops, he wavers, and at length gives way ! 
 
 Onward she drives, nor time permits debate 
 What means best suited to avert our fate ; 
 But prompt in action, and in council brief, 
 Mercator, now from Jason, hoped relief; 
 And 'midst confusion, and the crew's dismay, 
 He thus began, — " When first I sought this bay 
 " For shelter, which at sea the storm denied, 
 " On anchoring here my hopes alone relied ; 
 " But now, our fate unable to arrest, 
 " A part must suffer to redeem the rest : 
 " The masts we must resign : from them relieved 
 11 The ship may ride, — our safety be achieved ; — 
 " A sad alternative, for well their form 
 " Alike is graceful, and resists the storm ; 
 " Yet so assailed are we on every hand, 
 " And such the dangers of the leeward strand, 
 " To longer hesitate is not now given, 
 " We must resolve, and leave the rest to Heaven." 
 
 Nor Jason did delay, but quick replied, — 
 " Help from no other have I sought beside, 
 "Than Him whose will hath caused this dreadful storm, 
 " And into calm its raging can transform ; 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 101 
 
 " Who destines all to gain His purposed end, 
 " Although His object may our thoughts transcend ; 
 " And under Him, on you my hopes now rest ; — 
 " Then do as seemeth to your judgment best." 
 
 Mercator, then, to meet the coming ill, 
 Assigns to each his duty to fulfil ; 
 Himself prepared with Stentor's tube in hand, 
 O'er the loud storm, to give distinct command : 
 Down from the tops, on deck, the topmen's called, 
 And yards, by braces to the wind are hauled ; 
 That these, though doomed into the raging tide, 
 May softer fall, nor wound the vessel's side ; 
 Then stays and lanyards, by the boatswain's axe 
 Dissevered, rend, their faithful grasp relax ; 
 First cut to windward, and the foremast stays, 
 But still to fall the solid mast delays, — 
 Remains erect, unbending to the last, 
 And though laid bare, still dares the brawling blast ; 
 This we behold, and, sorrowing, repent, 
 But now, alas ! remediless to relent ; 
 No hopes remain : now injured past repair — 
 Deeper to cut, the carpenters prepare, 
 With axe broad pointed to inflict a wound 
 On either side, and bring it to the ground ; 
 
 9* 
 
102 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 But ineffectual all, it still delays, 
 Until core-struck, then totters on its base ! 
 Now to thy safety look, thou ruthless foe, 
 Else thou wilt rue thy last effectual blow : 
 For now the fabric with terrific haste 
 Downward proceeds, and wounds the leeward waist, 
 Which trembling, owns the hurt, while bulwarks fly, 
 And o'er the decks the prostrate ruins lie ; 
 In part, — the greater by the waves are borne, 
 Victim triumphant of the merciless storm ! 
 Stung by the sight, the barque repentant turns, 
 And from her bows the chafing billows spurns ; 
 But direr still the hurricane assails 
 The wounded vessel, and at length prevails, 
 Nor slacks in fury, but intent to crush 
 'Gainst leeward rocks, its waves incessant rush 
 On the devoted prey, whose fears return, 
 And fleeing, leaves us our sad fate to mourn. 
 But undismayed, and still resolved to toil, 
 To rob the tempest of its destined spoil, 
 Soon doom the mainmast to the self-same fate, 
 In hopes the cravings of the storm to sate : 
 Taught by experience, with redoubled care, 
 For this fresh sacrifice we now prepare : 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 103 
 
 With deep incision on the leeward side, 
 
 The trunk we wound, and then the stays divide ; 
 
 Next lanyards cut with boatswain's axe in twain, 
 
 At one fell blow, along the windward chain, 
 
 In hopes that falling it may clear the wreck, 
 
 Nor with its fragments choke the after deck ; 
 
 Cleared of the crew, the danger to evade, 
 
 Beneath the poop who seek for sheltering shade, 
 
 As with each furious blast it tottering sways, 
 
 And deadly nature of its wounds displays ; 
 
 Till in the hollow of the insidious wave, 
 
 With crashing plunge, it finds a watery grave, — 
 
 Nor falls alone, but by the mizen stay, 
 
 Bound to that mast, it drags it, too, away ; 
 
 (Like meaner minds, leagued with the falling great, 
 
 Share in their ruin, and partake their fate,) 
 
 So they descending, and by starboard side, 
 
 The Captain's cutter into two divide ; 
 
 Torn and defaced, a mangled helpless mass, 
 
 It hangs dependent ; all the waves o'erpass 
 
 And seize their prostrate prey, now rent in twain, 
 
 Another victim to the surging main ! 
 
 Somewhat appeased, this now restrains its pride, 
 
 And for a while permits the barque to ride, 
 
104 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Its crested bosom foaming white with spray, 
 As wave by wave course on their leeward way ; 
 Nor harmless pass, — the unabated sea 
 Attacks the pinnace, pendent on the lee, — 
 Tears her relentless from the davit's arms, 
 And for our safety causes fresh alarms : 
 Thus merciless treated, of our props bereft, 
 Nor pinnace, cutter, nor the yawl is left, 
 The launch, amidships, only now is seen, 
 The shattered foremast and the main between ; 
 On chocks securely lashed, with gripes and chains, 
 Defies the seas, and spite of all, remains ; 
 While fears immediate seem more distant now, 
 The ship bereaved, displays a sterner brow ; 
 In hopes of rescue, battles with the breeze, 
 And rides triumphant o'er the raging seas ! 
 
 The shout of joy from every lip resounds, 
 As o'er the wave the lightened bark rebounds ; 
 Nor longer blanches 'midst the appalling scene, 
 Though deeply injured shows a front serene ; 
 Spurns the proud seas from off her buoyant bow, 
 And to the storm bids bold defiance now ! 
 Like swan, that wounded, seeks the sheltering brake, 
 On storm-swept margin of some inland lake, 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 105 
 
 Nerveless its wings hang pendent by its side, 
 Nor longer serve its airy path to guide ; 
 Yet bold in bearing, and erect in crest, 
 The spray it dashes from its whiter breast, 
 Faint though it be, deep wounded and oppressed, 
 Its watchful eyelids dare not sink to rest, — 
 For keen the sportsman tracks retiring route, 
 The helpless victim dreads the dire pursuit ; — 
 And so with us, for dangers lurk around 
 From savage race, and from the rocky ground ; 
 Men yet more merciless than e'en the storm, 
 Tigers in heart, though clothed in human form ! 
 Injured our bark ; within their rocky bay, 
 No wounded bird e'er formed more tempting prey ! 
 These to preclude, we call the sentry's aid, — 
 On either side, replete the cannonade 
 With iron entrails, harbingers of death, 
 That speed terrific, 'midst sulphureous breath ; — 
 The bristling boarding pikes are ranged around, 
 With warlike guise ; by friends alone are found 
 Devices needful, since no masts extend, 
 The net impervious on their shrouds to trend. 
 To foil the storm, Mercator now commands 
 To man the capstern with the extra hands, 
 
106 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 (A menial train, who deprecate the gale, 
 For only then their services avail.) 
 The parted cable, lightened of its load, 
 With quick volutions to recall on board ; 
 While those more skilful of the nautic crew, 
 Forward prepare to bend it of anew ; 
 And thence descending ? neath the restless tide, 
 Sustain its part, the heaving deep to bide.* 
 Thus armed and watchful, thus securely moored, 
 Though still in danger, yet we feel assured ; 
 But caution bids, no flaring lights should tell 
 Our presence there ; nor yet the sound of bell ; 
 But dark and silent as the lonely tomb, 
 Our form to shroud amidst surrounding gloom ; 
 Till day shall dawn, when vigorous by repose, 
 We meet undaunted, danger, and our foes. 
 
 Now with the waning day, the winds subside, 
 The impervious mists withdraw their veil aside 
 And show us all ; for not a tithe we knew, 
 In mercy hid from our imperfect view ; 
 Our hearts had failed us had we known the whole, 
 And dark despair had seized on every soul ! 
 
 *See Note L. 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 107 
 
 Deep in the centre of a storm-tossed bay- 
 Fenced round with rocks, our hapless vessel lay, 
 The billow's sport ; dismasted iu the storm, 
 Now sinks to night, and now aloft is borne 
 By the huge waves, with hoarse appalling roar, 
 That bellowing roll along the crested shore : 
 On board, the searching glance no longer sees, 
 The neat appliances contrived to please, 
 But torn and splintered, strewed along the deck, 
 In sad confusion mar the shattered wreck : 
 Seaward^ a barren isle of rugged shape, 
 Affords a barrier, — aided our escape, 
 But stays our egress with an outstretched hand, 
 Pent as we are between it and the land : 
 Leeward^ a shelving, never ending shoal 
 Resists, in sheets of foam, the ocean's roll ; 
 Turns craven fears to chilling sad dismay, 
 For thence alone our hope to leave the bay ! 
 Shoreward, no friendly creek the prospect cheers, 
 But rock on rock in endless line appears, 
 Bathed by the ocean ; woods their summits crown, 
 That meet our greeting with portentous frown ; 
 Wild and dishevelled, as they wave on high, 
 (Swept by the wind against the lurid sky,) — 
 
108 THE COLUMBIA©. [CANTO I. 
 
 Aerial fanes, from whence in shadowy form 
 Descend th' infuriate spirits of the storm ! 
 Nor aught in human guise is yet in view. 
 The only sound — the lonely sea birds' mew, 
 As o'er the waves they skim, then soar on high, 
 Raised by the gale, and send their piercing cry — 
 Bleak desolation's presage ! — hateful sound ! 
 And heard alone where rocks and shoals abound ! 
 No cheering object meets the gaze, though keen, 
 To raise the hopes, and meliorate the scene, — 
 But desert all, heart-sickening, desolate ! 
 No fitter place for shipwrecked seamen's fate ! 
 
 On that dread night, while others seek repose 
 One sufferer there no balmy respite knows, 
 But thoughts incessant course his anxious mind, 
 Like driving clouds before the stormy wind ; 
 None more distressing, than as thus to see, 
 The ocean's sin, fawning hypocrisy, 
 On us dire visited, with fearful hate, 
 To mar our hopes, and darken our sad fate ! 
 Behold the traitor ! who like it can smile, 
 The incautious stranger's heedless steps to guile ; 
 Its bosom placid, radiant with the light 
 Of day, — or glories of Celestial night ; 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 109 
 
 Soft o'er the glassy plain the zephyrs glide, 
 To raise the Syren's song, the rippling tide ; 
 To lull the senses, charmed with all around, 
 And, lure the victim on the dangerous ground ; 
 Till, sudden roused from well dissembled sleep, 
 Display the terrors of the vasty deep ! 
 The plain to mountains raised of fearful height, 
 Its radiant brightness, black as stormy night, 
 Shaking the earth to her foundations strong, 
 The tempest's roar succeeds the Syren's song. 
 Confusion follows, for, alas ! too late 
 The wretched sufferer sees his hopeless state ; 
 Within him melts his heart ; in wild amaze 
 Unequal combat with the storm essays ; 
 But foiled in purpose, sees in sad dismay, 
 That he, alas ! is now the monster's prey ; — 
 Like fate was ours ; for, decked in full array, 
 A few short days, we trode our liquid way ; 
 With conscious pride, our masts their heads on high 
 Reared unsubdued to kiss the nether sky ; 
 Wide, like the Curlew's swift expanded wing, 
 The whitened sails abroad we tasteful fling ; 
 Strong as the Albatros, inured to roam, 
 They urged the ship through streams of sparkling foam; 
 
 10 
 
110 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Their just proportions charmed the gazer's sight, 
 When eye upturned beheld the starry height, 
 Swept by the waving of their graceful form, 
 As sped the barque before the mimic storm : 
 Oft did they cause the warm admiring glance, 
 As bold their form bedimmed the bright expanse 
 Of Heaven's bespangled arch ; — Orion now, — 
 Then Cassiopea, — the Celestial Plough, — 
 The Twins, — Capella, and Arcturus too, 
 Now hid from sight, and now restored to view, 
 As the light pyramid from side to side, 
 Fantastic rocked upon the heaving tide, 
 In dark relief against the starry sky, 
 That drew the gazer's fond, admiring eye — 
 A living, beauteous form. But now, alas ! 
 They leeward drive, a storm-tossed shapeless mass! 
 A victim offered to appease the roar 
 Of rocks enraged, that guard the insatiate shore ! 
 Upraised the sight, to view the heavenward scene, 
 Nor masts, nor yards, nor sails now intervene ; 
 All, all are gone ! the glowing, studded sky, 
 Is all that meets the searching tearful eye ! 
 Mournful, the mind subdued, still seeks around, 
 If aught for consolation can be found ; 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. HI 
 
 But none appears, for desolation's there, 
 
 Bleak, desert, comfortless, beyond compare ! 
 
 Hopes blasted thus, relax sublunar ties, 
 
 And turn the soul, still struggling, to the skies ; 
 
 When self delusion, every earthly stay, 
 
 All refuges of lies are swept away ; 
 
 While, too, analogy is closely found, — 
 
 The lonely barque in tempest-fetters bound, — 
 
 Dismantled, stript of every outward prop, 
 
 The soul deprived of all external hope, 
 
 Dependent both on providential care, 
 
 From shipwreck that, and this from fell despair ; 
 
 Both o'er the path of life did vaunting glide, 
 
 Its storms alike unable to abide : 
 
 Both through destruction's gate are made to pass, 
 
 Actual the one, the other by the glass 
 
 Of conscience, wakened, that with truth displays, 
 
 A blighting retrospect of misspent days, 
 
 In dread array, — a dark and endless line, 
 
 Where evil deeds alone reflected shine, 
 
 In characters of flames, — electric fire, 
 
 The first sad glimpse of never ending ire ! 
 
 Dread was the scene, when pressed on every hand, 
 In danger's hour we sought this storm-beat land, — 
 
112 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Where rocks terrific line the rugged shore, 
 
 And 'gainst their spines the mountain billows roar. 
 
 But what are these compared with scenes like those 
 
 The fears of conscience to the mind disclose, 
 
 When death and judgment o'er the trembling head 
 
 Are held suspended by a single thread ? 
 
 When life or death — that awful cast of die, 
 
 Doth on the tenure of an anchor lie ! 
 
 Chafed by the rocks, beneath the surging wave, 
 
 No power on earth our forfeit lives can save ! 
 
 Dashed on the strand, amidst the tempest's roar, 
 
 The soul released shall to its Maker soar ! — 
 
 Shall through such portal come before the throne 
 
 Of Him to whom its inmost thought is known ! 
 
 From whom no covering can its crimes conceal ; 
 
 From whose tribunal there is no appeal : 
 
 No — none ! — for ever must the sentence be, 
 
 Or bliss, or woe through all eternity ! 
 
 Fearful the thought ! — secure, though on the land, 
 
 Tenfold augmented o'er a rocky strand ; 
 
 In dread suspense, each hour may be the last, 
 
 And each in jeopardy beyond the past ; 
 
 Till laid in dust, the mind repentant turns, 
 
 And hope from Heaven within the bosom burns, 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 113 
 
 Kindness in all, in every act is seen, 
 And the soul wakes as from a long, long dream ! 
 Delusion dreadful, where the spirit has been 
 By Satan led through many a fearful scene ! 
 For years enthralled, with speed of lightning whirled 
 Through all the dregs of a polluted world, 
 To taste the cup whose sip ignites a flame, 
 That brands the soul with infamy and shame ! 
 Sunk lower still, now scarce a hope remains. 
 What hand can help ? Who now unlock such chains ? 
 Bonds yet more galling, when the wormwood lees 
 Alone remain, for all it did to please. 
 Roused by the thought, the soul attempts to rise, 
 And struggling, turns instinctive to the skies ; 
 While wrapt in thought, the clouds have passed away, 
 And all the wonders of the heavens display ; 
 Radiant with glories that reflect the face 
 Of their Creator, and the fount of grace. 
 Convinced by these, that both in one unite, 
 The soul awakes, at length perceives aright ; 
 Admits that all in love to it is planned, 
 And though severe, adores a Father's hand ; 
 These thoughts within, like the external scene, 
 Restore the troubled mind to calm serene ; 
 
 10* 
 
114 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 And like the stars that stream effulgent light, 
 
 Amidst the darkness of surrounding night. 
 
 Increased in lustre from the ethereal blue, 
 
 Midst which they shine to meet the enraptured view ; 
 
 So burst resplendent on the soul, now cured, 
 
 Those truths by mental clouds so long obscured ; 
 
 Yet, like these orbs reflected from the deep, 
 
 When storms subside, and waves are hushed to sleep, 
 
 From the smooth surface of the heaving mass, 
 
 The broken rays in wide divergence pass : — 
 
 So with the soul, when passion's storms subside, 
 
 And better counsels o'er the reins preside, 
 
 At first these truths in mingled radiance play, 
 
 And faint, confused, emit a broken ray ; 
 
 There darts a gleam : — thick darkness here o'ershades, 
 
 While hope and fear alternately pervades : 
 
 Loudly the law proclaims the dreadful thrall — 
 
 " He that breaks one is guilty of them all !" 
 
 Loud are its thunders — lion-like the roar, — 
 
 Not hoarser surge the waves on yonder shore : 
 
 Before the law can any guiltless stand ? 
 
 Dreadful to fall into the Judge's hand ! 
 
 But hark ! these sounds that reach the trembling soul, 
 
 Human the voice, but under Heaven's control ; 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 115 
 
 A mother's tones, though long a stranger there : 
 
 Ah ! yes, the same that taught the early prayer, 
 
 Long, long neglected ; yet they sound so sweet : 
 
 As down they come her penitent to meet. 
 
 " Ho ! ye that thirst, approach the living spring, 
 
 u Most freely come, nor money with ye bring ; 
 
 " Why toil to win what doth not satisfy ? 
 
 " The soul's true food my stores alone supply : 
 
 " Then come to Me, your famished soul shall live, 
 
 " Come unto Me, for I will freely give : — 
 
 " But let the wicked leave his froward way ; 
 
 " Let all unrighteous thoughts be put away ; 
 
 " And then return, when mercy shall be found, 
 
 " And grace and pardon plenteous abound ; 
 
 u For high as are these orbs that glorious shine, 
 
 " So far above thy ways and thoughts are mine !" 
 
 The trembling spirit calmed, delighted turns 
 To Heaven its view, and hope, re-kindled, burns ; 
 Deep meditates on what it's made to hear, 
 Till precepts, long forgotten, re-appear ; 
 Seeds early sown by fond maternal hands, 
 Choked by the thorns and briers of foreign lands, 
 Spring up afresh, display their beauteous heads, 
 Now that the storm has cleared the noxious weeds ; 
 
116 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Reveal in vision, what no pen can trace, 
 
 By truth reflected, — the distorted face 
 
 Of the base soul, where folly, sin, and shame, 
 
 Appear in characters of livid flame, 
 
 And make it dread, when thus displayed afar, 
 
 That power with whom it madly dared to war ! 
 
 The thing created 'gainst its Maker rise ! 
 The snail to crest its horns and dare the skies ! 
 The earth-worm crawling on this nether sphere, 
 Defy in madness the Almighty's spear — 
 Rush on His shield, who formed the parent earth, 
 Whose power creative gave all nature birth ! 
 Audacious, strike a parricidal blow 
 Against the Fountain of all life below ! 
 To do all this, to dare the arm of Heaven, 
 Despise His might — yet hope to be forgiven ! 
 
 Low in the dust, and doubtful of its fate, 
 The soul in anguish mourns its abject state, 
 When lo ! in sounds that charm the inward ear, 
 These words are heard from yonder glorious sphere, 
 That seem commingled 'tween a mother's tone, 
 And, more sublime — from mercy's inmost throne, 
 From whence derived, as still a parent's care, 
 Is fond employed to woo her offspring there : — 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 117 
 
 " When none did pity, and no hand could stay 
 " O'er fallen mankind Satan's iron sway ; 
 " When like the chaff before the scattering gale, 
 " Or flocks abandoned when the wolves assail ; 
 " Like to thy shattered bark before the blast, 
 " So fled all men before his power aghast. 
 " In servant's guise my sovereignty I veiled, 
 " And man's dread foe successfully assailed : 
 " As yonder seas with loud impetuous roar, 
 " Rush on, and break against the rocky shore, — 
 " So Satan came with concentrated ire, 
 " To meet his fate in everlasting fire ! 
 " And dost thou also court his dreadful doom, 
 " With him allied, in compact with the tomb ? 
 " Can they uphold thee 'gainst my power to stand ? 
 " Cans' t thou, a creature, brave the Almighty's hand ? 
 " Then why such warfare wilt thou madly try, 
 " Inexorable ? — Wilt thou seek to die ? 
 " What part of all this guilt-stained mundane sphere 
 " Might not in judgment 'gainst thy soul appear? 
 " For early didst thou, erring, devious stray, 
 " And wandered on in thy rebellious way : 
 " Yet oft in mercy, thy audacious life 
 " I spared 'midst dangers, death, outrageous strife, 
 
118 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 " From chasms, hid from thy regardless sight, 
 
 " And precipices of appalling height ; — 
 
 " But all in vain ! My providential care 
 
 " From thy ungrateful heart ne'er forced one prayer ! 
 
 " Then by my messengers — lean want and woe, 
 
 " I laid thy vain and haughty spirit low ; 
 
 " With pestilential fever's burning breath, 
 
 " I brought thy life down to the verge of death ; 
 
 " Till recollection scarce thy mind was given, 
 
 " To pour thy feeble soul in prayer to Heaven ; 
 
 " Yet still in vain ! for, rescued from the grave, 
 
 " Thy trouble seemed but as the passing wave, 
 
 " Dreadful to view, impending as it nears, — 
 
 " But when it passed, soon fled were all thy fears : 
 
 " Then when my arm to strike in wrath was bare, 
 
 " Still was it stayed by parent's fervent prayer, 
 
 " Till filled the cup of thy demerits o'er, 
 
 " I doomed thy course towards this barren shore ; 
 
 " And caused the storm, my minister of old, 
 
 " To shut thee up within this rocky fold ; — 
 
 " Thy wayward mind of every hope deprive, 
 
 11 That here I might with thy proud spirit strive ! — 
 
 " Behold thy state, the reckless to confound ! 
 
 " Beyond, — the troubled sea, — the rocks around ; 
 
PART II.] THE COLUMBIAD. 119 
 
 " A mandate given to yonder coming wave, 
 " And who on earth thy forfeit life could save ? 
 " For human means are vain, no hope is there, 
 " Around are dangers, and beneath despair ! 
 " Nay, look not wildly round, there is no aid, 
 "My power thou canst not, if thou wouldst evade ; 
 " No path is open, hence-thou canst not fly ; 
 " Here must thy soul, if unrepentant, die, 
 " Or live for ever, should thine abject state, 
 " Cause thee to turn ere yet it be too late, 
 " And change the current of the souPs desire ! 
 " Immortal thought, — t' avoid impending ire ! 
 " Turn then, in spirit, ah ! turn thou to Me, 
 " This path alone is what remains to thee ! " 
 
 The work was finished ; for from that same hour 
 Satan relaxed progressively his power ; 
 Though long the struggle, and for many years, 
 The soul successive felt both hopes and fears ; 
 The darkest clouds that e'er obscured the day, 
 To brightest gleams alternately gave way ; — 
 Now near, attracted by the glorious light, 
 And devious now immersed in fearful night ; 
 Moved, like the comet, in eccentric course, 
 Around its centre, with unequal force ; 
 
120 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Glowed with affection when it neared the sun, 
 But icy cold when distant orbits won ; 
 Yet still successive heavenly thoughts arise, 
 To woo the soul repentant to the skies. 
 
THE COLUMBIAD 
 
 CANTO I. — Part III. 
 
 11 
 
ARGUMENT OF CANTO L — PART in. 
 
 Morning after the storm— Proceedings on board — Council to 
 determine what is best to be done -The launch, with great 
 difficulty, is got over the ship's side — A chosen few, under the 
 Captain's immediate direction, proceed on it to the lee shore, to 
 recover part of the spars and rigging which has been driven on 
 the rocks during the gale — Succeed in swimming through the 
 surf, armed with cutlasses, and provided with implements for 
 freeing the wreck — After two unsuccessful attempts to drag 
 these trophies through the surf, and to tow them afterwards to 
 the ship, they succeed in effecting their purpose — With these 
 and what remained on board, jury masts are erected, rigged 
 and clothed with sails, and preparations are made to leave the 
 bay — At this juncture the ship parts another cable, gnawed by 
 the rocks — Expedients to remedy this fresh disaster — An 
 attempt made to waip the vessel to windward, by placing a 
 kedge anchor on the inner side of the rocky islets — The warp 
 is cut by the rocks — A temporary kedge is constructed of 
 wood filled with shot, a*d placed in the same position — Gain 
 some ground to windward, when the line is snapt by a sudden 
 squall- Obliged quickly to re-anchor — Sunday comes round 
 again during the perilous sojourn in the dreadful bay — Sabbath 
 scene described — After divine service the wind appears to 
 have shifted more favourably — It continues — Are thereby in- 
 duced to unmoor, and attempt to clear the southern shelving 
 point — Occurrences on board during this severe trial of forti- 
 tude — Approach the dreadful point with alarming nearness — 
 Breakers in every direction — At this critical moment are 
 swept round the point by the offset from the land, and set at 
 liberty — In blue water — Difference of opinion between the 
 supercargoes whether to direct the vessel, in order that the 
 necessary repairs maybe made — The Captain called in as 
 umpire, and decides in favour of the Dutch islands lying to the 
 sout h — Course directed thither. 
 
CANTO I. 
 
 PART III. 
 
 Roused from the trance, behold the roseate ray 
 Of early dawn that ushers in the day ! 
 Red with the tinge of shame, on conscious morn, 
 The ocean blushed as back it threw our form, 
 Torn and dishevelled, — for like nought beside, 
 Save a sheer hulk, is now the Ocean's Pride ! 
 
 *-? 
 
 The silvery " call " with altered tone resounds, 
 From masts and yards its note no longer bounds ; 
 But shrill on morning breeze, the drowsy crew 
 Are summoned forth their labours to renew ; 
 Nor from their task reluctantly recoil, 
 Though cares unusual now augment their toil ; 
 Not to attend the well appointed mast, 
 To arrest her progress, or propel her fast 
 
124 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Through lightsome billows, by proportioned sails, 
 Or watch the shifting of thrice-fickle gales ; 
 But cares unwonted anxious thoughts employ, 
 While doubts of safety all their hopes alloy ; 
 The problem now, and difficult to solve, 
 All things considered^ what the next resolve ? 
 Nor yards, nor sails, nor tackle now remain, — 
 How then the ocean eastward to regain ? 
 Fixed in the north and east, the wind secure 
 Through half the Zodiac shall as yet endure ; 
 Impede all egress from the monster's mouth, 
 Whose jaws from north, stretch round by west to south ! 
 Unmoor we dare not — yet we cannot stay 
 With aught like safety in the fearful bay ! 
 Dreadful dilemma ! Yet the rigid choice 
 Forbids the mind to hang in equipoise ; 
 But urged by danger, every nerve is strung, 
 Expedients sought, and soon the launch is hung 
 Suspended o'er the vessel's labouring side, 
 And lowered in safety on the heaving tide ; 
 In her a daring band, select explore, 
 In quest of wreck, the neighbouring leeward shore, 
 Where masts and sails, like native seaweed strown, 
 A mongst the rocks a tangled mass are thrown ; 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 135 
 
 Taught by experience the proud surf to fear, 
 They cast the grapnel ere within its sphere ; 
 And, anchored there, prepare to gain the land, — 
 To swim the ford, or perish on the strand ! 
 Not this a bath enticing — sparkling clear, 
 Whose waves refresh, but give no cause for fear, 
 Where leisured indolence may find retreat 
 From scorching rays of Summer's drowsy heat ; 
 But sounding billows, bursting into foam 
 'Gainst pointed rocks, and matted seaweeds, roam 
 Far on the beach, then suddenly recoil 
 Impetuous back, and mock the swimmer's toil ! 
 Deep in the bosom of the boiling flood 
 The prowling sharks rapacious seek for food, 
 With eyes of flame, keen watching for their prey, 
 And add fresh horrors to the fearful way; 
 While, more predacious, 'yond the rocky line, 
 Suspicious natives, lurking, lie supine, — 
 Like tigers crouched, our heroes to assail, 
 Should all these dangers, to arrest them, fail. 
 But who, maguanimous, this living grave 
 Shall first attempt, our forfeit lives to save? — 
 In danger's crucible, when minds are proved, 
 The craven from the noble are removed ; 
 
 n* 
 
126 THE COLTJMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 For when the cast, or life, or death decides, 
 
 Rank disappears, the man alone abides. 
 
 United here, Mercator leads the band, 
 
 The others follow, and all reach the land. 
 
 Thrice, on successive days, the surf is crossed, 
 
 For twice the object of their toil is lost 
 
 By rocks, enraged that they escaped the main, 
 
 Which envious gnawed their towing-lines in twain ; 
 
 At length successful, on the third they bore 
 
 The tangled mass in triumph from the shore ; 
 
 And 'midst loud cheerings from their mates on board, 
 
 The treasure safe within the vessel hoard. 
 
 No tale fictitious this, to cause a sigh, 
 Or draw a tear from tender pity's eye, 
 False admiration in the breast to raise, 
 Or gain the meed of surreptitious praise ; — 
 But actual all ! — This small intrepid band 
 Rescued these trophies from the rocky strand, 
 Through many dangers, spite of foes on shore, 
 And surf-swept rocks resounding to its roar ; 
 Yet to their praise no monument of fame, 
 Records the deed, or celebrates their name ! 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 127 
 
 So true it is, " that those who dwell at home, 
 Can ill conceive the fate of those who roam " 
 On the great sea, trained up in danger's school, 
 In time of need, intrepid, brave and cool ; 
 Then let this serve, nor scornful toss the head, 
 Should they in manner somewhat roughly tread, 
 For few have nobler minds, or hearts more free 
 Than men made men by dangers of the sea ! 
 
 Of spars possessed, and sails, and running gear, 
 All thoughts are turned the jury masts to rear : 
 Round the rough spars, for double use designed, 
 (With heels extended, upper ends confined,) 
 The hawser-falls in many folds are twined, 
 And passed through blocks with open cheeks bisect, 
 Then on its base the fabric 's set erect, 
 While from the part that points towards the skies, 
 Stretch fore and aft the taut supporting guys ; 
 Like some kind friend, o'er prostrate friend who bends, 
 And proffered hand upraisingly extends ; — 
 So lent the powerful shears their well-timed aid, 
 And the foundations of our safety laid ; 
 Through the broad blocks the massive tackle plies, 
 And jury masts in quick succession rise, 
 
128 THE COLUMBIAN. [CANTO I- 
 
 Lashed to the stumps that still remain on board. 
 
 They firmly stand and bear their ponderous load : 
 
 Cross-tress succeed, then caps aloft are tossed, 
 
 While o'er the first the shrouds and stays are crossed ; 
 
 In place of topmasts, gallants tapering rear, 
 
 And royals, to crown all, aloft appear ; 
 
 The pointed yards are next successive swayed, 
 
 And lifts and braces through the sheaves are led, 
 
 Clothed with the rescued sails ; — our hopes arise, 
 
 And present danger, for a moment, flies : 
 
 Ah transient safety ! for the rocks below, 
 
 Insidious still, direct a well-aimed blow, — 
 
 In twain one cable with their spines they tear, 
 
 And, injured thus, renew our former fear, 
 
 But hope undaunted still excludes despair, 
 
 For soon expedients our sad loss repair ; 
 
 A cannon is discharged, unshipped, and trussed, 
 
 An iron lever down its throat is thrust ; 
 
 The widowed cable to the slings is bent, 
 
 And earth to seek, the ponderous mass is sent ; 
 
 The bower relieved by stratagem from strain, 
 
 Our toils are turned the other to regain ; 
 
 Led by the sentinel that floats the wave, 
 
 The creeper drags it from its oozy grave ; 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 129 
 
 While double labour still awaits the crew, — 
 The gun is raised, — the anchor's dropped anew. 
 
 Now many methods of escape are traced, 
 To be, like writing on the sand, effaced ; 
 Until the rocks some prospects faint disclose, — 
 These very rocks that seemed so late our foes ! 
 So raised with passion, so besmeared with foam, 
 When first we saw them, as we here did roam, 
 In day of danger, then they from their head 
 Shook grizzly spray, and our advance forbade ; 
 Yet hard, unfeeling, as they're formed by fate, 
 E'en they relented at our piteous state, — 
 Kindly received us, and with outstretched arms, 
 Debarred the waves, appeasing our alarms ; 
 So now we seek once more their friendly aid, 
 In hugging them the leeward shoal to evade. 
 This to fulfil, a daring plan's begun, — 
 With warps and lines an endless rope is spun ; 
 The kedge, a fixture on the rocks, sustains 
 The whole, and thus so far our plan attains ; 
 The capstan creaking, as descends each pall, 
 Rounds in the slack of this long lengthened fall ; 
 While, raised the anchors to the ocean's brim, 
 Permit the ship the rippling waves to skim : 
 
130 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Nor merrier sound the lightsome curling seas. 
 Against the vessel as she stems the breeze. 
 Than bursts the cheering of the mirthful crew, 
 When once in motion they the barque review : 
 But brief, alas ! — the line's unequal strain 
 Makes sharp collision with the rocks again, 
 In tremulous jar, and thus our hopes are crossed, 
 The cord is cut, the grappling anchor's lost ! 
 From thence to raise it every art denies, 
 For 'midst the rocks and boiling surf it lies ! 
 
 On self resources thrown to seek for aid, 
 And heal the breach the treacherous rocks have made; 
 All means are tried another kedge to form, 
 From some torn relic of the by-gone storm ; 
 At length tfte davits, o'er the vacant side 
 That hang their heads, and mourn their humbled pride, 
 Attract attention ; Daedalus the man 
 Whose mind mechanic traced the happy plan ; 
 At angles sharply placed, (while binding knees, 
 Hold them so fast that nothing can release ;) 
 By bolts transfixed, united they remain, 
 And though opposed, resist an equal strain ; 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 131 
 
 While nought is wanting but attractive force, 
 To pierce the wave in straight descending course ; 
 Nor long deficient, for the ponderous ball 
 Fixed in the crown, supplies the wanting thrall ; 
 Proud of the work, — this infant of the brain, 
 The launch is manned, the warp is stretched again ; — 
 Once more the anchors o'er the ocean sweep, 
 The wounded vessel skims again the deep ; 
 Jocund once more the lonely bay resounds 
 With tread of active joy and cheerful sounds ; 
 While, anxious to avoid the rocky snare, 
 The lengthened line is stretched with utmost care ; 
 But, like all mortals, while one ill we shun, 
 Into the opposite we blindly run ; 
 Of curve divested, and elastic force, 
 ('Gainst sudden pressure the alone resource,) 
 The warp is broke ! a sudden gust of wind 
 Inflicts a wound that hope can scarcely bind ! 
 Inured to hardships, these we could endure, 
 But mental wounds are difficult to cure ; 
 High as our hopes arose, so deep they fell, 
 This fresh disaster struck a death-like knell ! 
 But Pity came, and though she could not heal, 
 Sent urgent Care, that we slight pain should feel. 
 
132 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 The ship unfettered, must again be moored, 
 And all that's gained to windward be secured ; 
 For sounding breakers the loud air that fill, 
 Warn us of dangers that surround us still ! 
 As night expands its dusky mantle o'er, 
 To make more desolate the leeward shore. 
 
 Thus o'er our heads in dull succession passed 
 Nine lengthened days, each gloomier than the last ! 
 Until another Sabbath's morn arose, 
 With joyous calm, to mitigate our woes ; 
 Bright with the glories of a tropic sun, 
 The holy day of rest serene begun ; 
 Released from toil, in garb of many lands, 
 The day is hallowed by the careless hands ; — 
 Cheerful the hum, that, mingling sounds aloud, 
 As on the deck in friendly groups they crowd, 
 The morn's repast with relish to enjoy, 
 Where pampered dainties enter not to cloy ; 
 In varied accents, notes of many a tribe, 
 Recount their sufferings, our sad lot describe : 
 While each to other, as his thoughts disclose, 
 Imparts sweet solace, easing half his woes ; 
 For though, most strange, yet still 'tis true, we find, 
 When narrowly we scan the human mind, 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 133 
 
 That sympathy in common danger spreads, 
 The weight of woe from one o'er many heads. 
 
 But hark ! what gladsome notes salute the ear, 
 To raise emotions, all unknown to fear ! 
 No sound of toil, anxiety, or harm, 
 The call is blown, but " soundeth no alarm :" 
 Peace and tranquillity bespeak the tone, 
 For Sabbath's sacred dues reserved alone ; 
 Thrice on the trembling breeze the notes prolong, 
 To claim attention from the prating throng : — 
 " Quarter-masters, ho ! — abaft repair 
 " To rig the church, and clear the decks for prayer !" 
 Again the sounds are warbled loud and shrill, 
 And every heart is made with joy to thrill ! 
 No lacquered beadle to the call replies, 
 With pursed-up mouth, and consequential eyes ; 
 But from the rest, obedient issue forth 
 Experienced hands, of tried and sterling worth : 
 When men were wanted, they performed their part, 
 But in devotion join with trembling heart ; 
 Methinks I see them still, with rolling pace, 
 Complexion clear, and sunburnt cheerful face, 
 Tight to their manly forms their clothes adhere, 
 As white as snow their Guernsey frocks appear, 
 
 12 
 
134 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Save where the collar's turned to meet the view, 
 For there, with pride of heart, of truest blue, 
 Loose round their necks the Barcelona's tied. 
 While the gay sash bedecks the larboard side ; 
 Canvass the shoes, of thin elastic sole, 
 A light Manilla covers in the whole ; 
 Such are the men who serve the church at sea, 
 Unknown to party, — from intolerance free ! 
 
 The dauntless ensign the rude capstan veils, 
 And soon an awning's formed of rescued sails ; 
 Dues not unusual by the guns are paid, 
 To pews for Christian seamen weekly made ; 
 Another thrilling note ! the crew divide — 
 For Allah's children forward still abide, — 
 Their artful rites extravagantly planned, 
 This sad division from the rest demand ; 
 Twice is the separation clear discerned, 
 When food material, or the soul's concerned ; 
 Yet, such the meed consistency acquires, 
 Our rites fulfilled, respect in them inspires. 
 
 In forms religious, it is true indeed, 
 That those who rule may designate the creed ; 
 
PART III.] THE COLTJMBIAD. 
 
 135 
 
 But here, adapted to the general taste 
 Of those united on the watery waste. 
 The whole is pitched at Presbyterian tone, 
 Though forms Episcopal we scarce disown ; i 
 
 First, read the prayers, though formal, yet sublime, 
 In close adaption to revolving time ; 
 Round, like the system of Celestial spheres, 
 They travel on through endless terms of years ; 
 Nicely computed, though divergent found, 
 Age after age perform the selfsame round ; 
 And due precision governing the whole, 
 From Heaven, at equi-distance, keeps the soul ; — 
 But yet monotonous beyond compare, 
 No fervent aspirations breathed in prayer ! 
 Unsuited to the warmth our present state 
 Creates in hearts redeemed from cruel fate, 
 Themes to the mind more consonant are sought, 
 The Book is opened, and the Word is taught 
 
 In condescension to the simple crew, 
 The truth's unfolded with progressive view ; 
 Nature points this in all its faultless ways, 
 The dawn subdued precedes the noon-day blaze. 
 In David's harp we find these morning rays 
 Inspired, who sung his Son and Saviour's praise, 
 
136 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Heart-stirring strains ! — no hollow empty sounds, 
 But nurture for the soul throughout abounds ; 
 Planned by design, we choose the beauteous psalm, 
 Wherein the storm is turned to joyful calm — 
 Calm of the Spirit, taught to those who feel, 
 In mental anguish to and fro they reel : 
 But to the simple, — e'en the external form 
 Relief affords amidst the howling storm. 
 From grace predicted, to the page that flows 
 With love to Him who bore our griefs and woes — 
 Grace in the human form, that stooped from bliss, 
 When Truth met Mercy, and on earth did kiss, — 
 We now proceed, where every passage gleams 
 With light as clear as day's effulgent beams : . 
 To His Apostles next we onward pass, 
 To view His mind reflected from their glass ; 
 All we inherit from the wonderous plan, — 
 No portrait left of the material man, 
 Nor none designed, for only o'er the soul 
 He loves to reign — to exercise control. 
 
 Bound, and a captive to the Roman band, 
 Borne o'er the stormy sea to foreign land, 
 We now contemplate in the Holy Page, 
 Our great Apostle of the pristine age, 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 137 
 
 And then imagine in a time so dark, 
 
 The hopeless wanderings of the ill-framed barque, 
 
 Badly equipped, and navigated worse — 
 
 How, tossed by tempests, could they find their course ? 
 
 Censure the daring of the thoughtless crew, 
 
 Who, spite of all, were deaf to what he knew : 
 
 To us inspired, — to them a common man, — 
 
 But, mark in this the depth of Satan's plan ! 
 
 We blame the pilot who resolved to weigh, 
 
 His warning voice regardless to obey, 
 
 Although in Paul a man alone they saw, 
 
 Not even free, — a culprit to their law ! 
 
 Yet we, beguiled by oft insidious gales, 
 
 Our haven leave, and spread the swelling sails ; 
 
 On the broad sea of life to launch with haste, 
 
 But find it soon a dark tempestuous waste ! 
 
 Though marked attention beams from every face, 
 As drives the ancient ship from place to place, 
 Through days of danger, nights of wasting care, 
 And all admire the Apostle's faith in prayer, — 
 Yet prone to error, still the mind pursues 
 The critic's part, and every word reviews : 
 " Cast anchor by the stern," and brave the sea ! 
 (Their wondering looks demand) how could this be ! 
 
 12* 
 
138 THE COLUMBIAN [CANTO I. 
 
 Mercator sees the snare, and with true tact 
 Averts the blow, explains the well-known fact ; 
 For Satan, never ceasing sets his toils, 
 And minds of all degrees become his spoils, — 
 The learned who scorn a simple bait like this, 
 By deeper angling, are debarred from bliss ; 
 Some doubt the gnat, and some the orbed world, 
 But he that either doubts, is downwards hurled ! 
 'Twas not the quantum that condemned our race, 
 And drove us aliens from a state of grace ! 
 Yet some there are, who own He formed the fly, 
 But power sufficient for a world deny ! 
 Oh, sad delusion of the human soul ! 
 Assuredly He formed none, or made the whole ; 
 For whence the fly, if He formed not the earth ? 
 Did, finding this, induce the insect's birth ? 
 Pleased with discovery of the sphere in space, 
 Did He resolve with life the orb to grace 1 
 Infatuation dire ! — who could believe 
 The sentient soul could doubts like these conceive ? 
 Yet, from a circle when we once depart, 
 To tell the curve that may be, baffles art ; — 
 So with the soul, when once we prostrate fell, 
 Its crude inventions who on earth can tell ? 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 139 
 
 But stay, nor let the wandering spirit soar, 
 Unmindful how they reached Melita's shore, 
 But with attention, mark the means employed, 
 The crew to save, the barque alone destroyed ; 
 This part arrests our fascinated powers, — 
 Like fate, for aught we know, may still be ours : 
 Of this reminded by the breakers' roar 
 In mournful cadence from the leeward shore ; 
 While words like these, pronounced at such a time, 
 Nought can erase, — no after change of clime ; 
 But deep imbedded in the soul they lie, 
 Magnetic-like to draw it to the sky ; 
 No means, no human plans, though well combined, 
 Can e'er like them constrain the human mind ; 
 Occasions cannot, though we would, be sought, 
 Nor by the treasures of the world be bought. 
 From death to life to renovate the soul, 
 Is His alone, who can the whole control ; 
 Thro' days, and months, and e'en thro' lingering years. 
 'Midst plans and prospects, earthly joys and fears, 
 And ere the combination is complete, 
 Men from all quarters must together meet ; 
 Unconscious instruments, with thoughts diverse, 
 The world, together with their plans, traverse ; 
 
140 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO T. 
 
 Yet viewed in wisdom, with a loftier scan. 
 All are conspiring to work out HIS plan, — 
 Framed yet in mercy, though the means appear, 
 While in the fires, protracted and severe. 
 
 The service ended, and the watch relieved, 
 The rest from labour, for the day reprieved, 
 Tethys, the vigils next appointed keeps, 
 And, round the circling distance keenly sweeps, 
 As on the deck alternately he strides, 
 Anxious to mark whatever change betides. 
 
 Beyond the northern and the western strand. 
 Clouds seem to rise, denoted by the land ; 
 At first, distrustful, Tethys doubts his sight, 
 But still the clouds pursue their eastward flight ; 
 In slow succession, upwards still they move, 
 And dark o'ercast the radiant arch above ; 
 He then, o'erjoyed, proclaims the fact aloud, 
 Which, quick as wild-fire, spreads among the crowd. 
 No augur sought more keen, though meant to try 
 The fate of nations, than we view the sky ; 
 Then to the ocean turn, to watch the breeze, 
 And mark the setting of the sidelong seas, — 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 141 
 
 Then ask the magnet faithfully to say, 
 Our course divergent through the dangerous bay, 
 For still a double doubt assails the mind, 
 Dependent not alone on change of wind, — 
 But, short of masts, reduced in every sail, 
 How close we may embrace the windward gale, 
 Or who can tell, should we attempt to weigh, 
 How she may work, or when in danger stay 7 
 But soon all doubts entirely disappear, 
 As cloud on cloud ascends, our hopes to cheer ; 
 And once resolved, with promptitude the crew 
 Are marshalled forth their labours to renew ; 
 Again the boatswain sounds his thrilling call 
 Of " hands unmoor ship ! all hands, — all 1" 
 At sounds so joyous, up the seamen swarm, 
 And some the capstan with its levers arm ; 
 While others stationed, mount aloft to clear 
 The swelling sails, and slack the running gear ; 
 Delighted all, on every cheerful face 
 Swift gleams of joy and hopes each other chase, — - 
 Joy at deliverance from this living tomb, — 
 Hope, that destruction is not yet their doom : 
 Quick on the deck is heard the lightsome tread, 
 And round the merry capstan turns with speed : 
 
142 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Sheeted the topsails, and the folds unspread, 
 The unwilling anchors leave their rocky bed ; 
 Gallants and royals set, and jibs up-run, 
 The steersman's labours are again begun : 
 Down drop the courses and the spanker spreads, 
 And o'er the bounding wave her path she treads, 
 Straight as an arrow through the ambient air, — 
 Swift as a bird released from fowler's snare, 
 Onward she seeks the shoreless, seaward way, 
 
 And from her bows, exulting, spurns the spray ; 
 From danger freed, from grief's encumb'ring load, 
 Rejoiced to leave her desolate abode. 
 
 The breeze augmenting, speeds with increased force ; 
 
 The spumy waves denote a leeless course ; 
 
 But still desirous, that the rate be known, 
 
 The glass is set, the log proportioned thrown ; 
 
 Inverse the one, the other by the line 
 
 Direct, but both by aid of time define ; 
 
 Time, while the ebbing sand deserts the glass, 
 
 Proportioned to the space o'er which we pass, — 
 
 While these, to higher laws should we ascend. 
 
 All on rotation of the globe depend. 
 
 Thus time is motion measured by the light 
 
 When formed, and parted from chaotic night : 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 143 
 
 Though dark the orbs revolved in measured space, 
 Ere light existed to denote their place ! 
 
 Our rate computed, though no yard is square, 
 Shows twice the number three, and one to spare ; 
 Seven miles an hour, with masts reduced like these, 
 Denote great speed when running with the breeze ; 
 Nor unproductive this, but, stern, conveys 
 An admonition, nothing can erase ; 
 That vain presumption, not a wise forecast, 
 Traced out the size of every former mast, 
 Beneath whose weight, oppressed, she toiled before, 
 And all but perished on a leeward shore. 
 Alas ! too frequent in our Eastern seas, 
 Where pride of form, and not sound sense they please ; 
 But all is sacrificed to would-be caste, 
 To " rakish look," and character of " fast !" 
 
 One trait I've oft observed among mankind 
 That shows the weakness of the human mind ; 
 Things ivhich they fondly hope for, when they gain 
 They heed no more than shadows 6*er the plain. 
 How oft, despairing, did we longing say — 
 " Oh, if we could but leave this dreadful bay ! — 
 
144 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 " Avoid the presence of this hated shore, 
 
 " Ne'er to return, or ever see it more, — 
 
 " How happy would we be, with what delight, 
 
 " O'er the blue wave we'd wing our rapturous flight !" 
 
 But now accomplished, where's the promised joy ? 
 
 Why show these clouded brows so much alloy ? 
 
 Whence, but from that which mars all pleasure here, 
 
 The sad vicissitudes which mark our sphere ? 
 
 Without a chart descriptive of the bay, 
 
 We fear that dangers still may bar our way, — 
 
 Where rocks ambitious rise above the sea, 
 
 Others more humble may just level be ; 
 
 Though meek, yet treacherous, for the others tell, 
 
 With candid front, where death and dangers dwell ; 
 
 And, too, the bearings of the shelving strand, 
 
 Make it uncertain if we clear the land : — 
 
 Anxious the look, and quick the feverish pace, 
 
 Enquiry mutual broods on every face ; 
 
 How move the bearings of the endless shoal ? 
 
 Shall we, — oh ! shall we round the fearful goal ? 
 
 Where, nice suspended 'midst infuriate noise, 
 
 Hang life, or death, in awful equipoise, — 
 
 On this, destruction 'mongst the rocks and foam ; — 
 
 On yon, deliverance, and the joys of home ! 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 145 
 
 Undaunted at the sight, the masts we ply, 
 And o'er the surging seas rebounding fly ; 
 Close, and more close the dreadful point appears, 
 And quicker beat alternate hopes and fears : 
 Nor unprepared we near the dangerous coast ; 
 Each guards incessant his appointed post, 
 To act his part with promptitude and skill 
 In strict obedience to superior will ; 
 With wise provision 'gainst a trying hour 
 Is cleared, and ready held, the smaller bower, — 
 A needful sacrifice on safety's fane, 
 In " missing stays " the vessel to restrain ; 
 With nice precision just to rake the ground, 
 And cut the cable, when her head comes round. 
 
 Onward she speeds, the foaming sea she ploughs, 
 And sends the spray regardless from her bows, 
 While strange emotions in the mind arise, 
 As on her way th' unconscious vessel flies : 
 Convinced we are she acts a proper part, 
 But, as it were, with stern remorseless heart, — 
 Know well our safety in her speed consists, 
 Yet dragged to scaffold the weak mind resists, 
 And hence the conflict ; while confined to space 
 We're forced partakers of the appalling race. 
 
 13 
 
146 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 With ceaseless deafening roar the leeward shoal 
 
 Resounds in cadence to the ocean's roll ; 
 
 While waves on waves in whitening sheets of foam 
 
 Rush o'er its rocks, and on its ledges roam ; 
 
 With dread proximity the land appears, 
 
 Each following wave its crest still higher rears, 
 
 And more important, as recedes the space 
 
 In which, with anguish, our last hopes we trace. 
 
 All is computed that relates to sea, — 
 
 The tide, the drift, the vessel's way to lee, 
 
 With careful skill, — no element's forgot, 
 
 But still a darkened veil o'ershades our lot ; 
 
 Still unaffected hangs the stubborn beam — 
 
 No change, to human eye affords a gleam. 
 
 Onward the ship, with inconsiderate haste, 
 
 Regardless dares the angry boiling waste ; 
 
 Ahead, astern, in all directions round, 
 
 White crested waves denote unequal ground ; 
 
 One, like a volcan, rises from below, 
 
 The shuddering counter reels before the blow ! 
 
 Another, more audacious, strikes the bow, 
 
 And consternation broods on every brow ! 
 
 Turn where we will, no hope of safety's there ; 
 
 And scarcely room, in missing stays, to wear! 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 147 
 
 But just as hope's last flickering ray expired, 
 And turned despair, new rays our breasts inspired. 
 Onwards we rush, by circumstances driven, 
 And leave our destiny alone to Heaven ; 
 For human aid is vain ; alas ! too late 
 . T' arrest, or alter our impending fate ! 
 When lo ! the moment doth at last appear 
 To show, no earthly wisdom governs here ! 
 One element unknown, or else forgot, 
 Upturns the beam, and meliorates our lot. 
 A tidal offset from the shelviiig strand 
 Sweeps us, unconscious round the point cfland! 
 Sets us at liberty — declares us free ! — 
 Grateful, to seek the blue and shoreless sea ! 
 Soon we emerge beyond the sullen gloom 
 Of death's dark shade, that hovered o'er our doom, 
 As scowling sat the monarch of despair 
 On yonder point, his fearful rock-bound lair ! 
 And safe escape, to hail the joyous scene, 
 From prison freed, where we so long had been — 
 And all admiring, still with wonder trace 
 Where helpless efforts met with heavenly grace : 
 No folding of the arms with upturned eyes, 
 Imploring Heaven with unavailing sighs ; 
 
148 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Nor yet precipitate and rashly blind 
 'Gainst nature's laws to shut th' imprudent mind ; 
 But nice in medium 'twixt the two we steer. 
 And find a blessing — -the dread shoal we clear. 
 
 When inward light declines upon the wane, 
 If mixed with faith 'twill brightly burn again, 
 Illume the path, which, indistinct before, 
 The mind unaided could not well explore : 
 This we experience with unmixed delight 
 As on we urge our unremitting flight. 
 
 Should hawk, low sweeping thro' the buoyant air, 
 Incautious come within the fowler's snare, 
 How fierce its struggles in th 5 entangling toil 
 All deadly arts antagonist to foil ! 
 Strains every nerve, each hindering mesh to tear, 
 To gain its freedom in the ambient air ; 
 While o'er the fields its screechings plaintive ring ; 
 At length escapes with injury of wing, 
 Nor lingering stays to cast a glance behind, 
 But floats resistless on the fav'ring wind, 
 To some lone crag its sorrows to conceal, 
 Or patient wait until its losses heaL 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 149 
 
 So we, at first, are by the freshening breeze 
 Borne all resistless o'er the swelling seas, 
 Reduced in sail, curtailed in every mast, 
 Obey instinctive the impelling blast ; 
 While keen dissensions 'tween the chiefs prevail 
 How we shall steer, how trim the pliant sail. 
 Where shelter seek, our losses to replace, 
 And once complete, our devious steps retrace. 
 Orpheus, the elder, first his counsel gave ; 
 " Back to Luconia to retrace the wave, 
 " In its famed arsenal our masts renew, 
 " And if we need, the nether hull review ; 
 " For there supplies of every sort abound, 
 " And all the aids that we require are found." 
 
 Jason opposed ; with calm but firm discourse, 
 Displays the dangers of the purposed course : 
 " Through straits most intricate we thread our way 
 " 'Gainst dangers manifold, with much delay ; 
 " How then attempt, in madness, to retrace 
 tl With injured ship, the lengthened windward space 5 
 " But even should we, 'gainst all hope succeed, 
 " To ills more imminent 'twould only lead : — : 
 
 13* 
 
150 THE COLUMBIAD. [cANTOI. 
 
 " The poignant jealousy, but ill concealed, 
 
 " Its rulers felt (by symptoms clear revealed) 
 
 " Of our design j to gain the rebel shore 
 
 e Of Anahuac ; its treasures to explore, 
 
 " Which dread alone to aggravate their shame 
 
 u In Europe's eyes, and darken more their name, 
 
 " Had scarce restrained from bursting into flame, 
 
 " And would not, but their fear, when all replete 
 
 M Their plans malevolent had met defeat ; 
 
 " Like eagle plumed, with fierce and haughty eye, 
 
 u His foes, in conscious power, doth bold defy, 
 
 u Sure of his strength, and matchless speed of flight, 
 
 " Disdains their envious arts and puny might ; 
 
 " Freed from them all, his path aerial wends, 
 
 u And calm in flight, majestic'ly ascends ; 
 
 " But wounded should he thence unnerved return, 
 
 " Fiercer their hatred shall be sure to burn, 
 
 u And, far from pity, his defenceless state 
 
 u Their fears shall banish, and increase their hate ; 
 
 " Revive their energies and tortuous wiles, 
 
 " Until the monarch falls within their toils : 
 
 " Our fate the same, should madly we essay 
 
 " To seek, dismantled, their protecting bay." 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 151 
 
 Like winds on rocky mountain's side that play, 
 Sigh through its caverns, and pass on their way, 
 While all unmoved remains th' enduring mass ; 
 So Jason's words the ears of Orpheus pass : 
 Fail to convince — they alter not his will, 
 A common language draws him blindly still ; 
 Thoughts harb'ring more of friendship than our good, 
 Lie at the bottom of the stubborn mood : 
 All access he debars, himself secludes, 
 And all but written argument excludes ; 
 This Jason heeds not, for inured to these, 
 No point resigns his fitfulness to please ; 
 But more enlarged, beyond the present looks, 
 Sees future good, and turbid humour brooks. — 
 No course prescribed, while wills opposing jar, 
 Onward we speed, and leave the land afar ; 
 As borne by currents of an equal force, 
 Between the two she steers a middle course, 
 Happy in this (unlike the passion-tossed,) 
 We gain an offing from a dangerous coast. 
 
 Not always so : when two with equal rein, 
 And right to rule, their privilege maintain ! 
 Absurd the plan ; — if confidence abound 
 In one and other, why are both there found ? 
 
152 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 If one alone can confidence ensure, 
 Then why in common sense, the two endure ? 
 If neither just, like lenses both untrue, 
 Can errors opposite correct the view ? 
 This concave overmuch, or that convex, 
 In place of aiding, doth the sight perplex : 
 But join them both together, and the view 
 Becomes distinct, most charming, and quite true : 
 But what succeeds, should similar vice abound ? 
 Rays broken and dispersed all around. 
 But mark the danger to the men who dare, — 
 The changing mind to crystal lens compare ; 
 One glass, though potent, can no change induce, 
 Nor from its form its neighbour lens seduce ; 
 Once cast in mould, the crystal still retains 
 The given shape ; and as it's made remains : 
 Concave if once, then concave all its days, 
 Refracting all around diverging rays ; 
 And forms opposed, applied with optic skill, 
 If once adjusted, will remain so still : 
 But minds from moral influence released, 
 No one can tell how much they are diseased ; 
 Once 'yond the circle which the laws prescribe, 
 Who can divine what figure they'll describe ? 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 153 
 
 And once divergent from their destined place, 
 
 One draws the other, like the orbs in space, 
 
 Not by their magnitudes, but by the force 
 
 With which they wander from their pristine course ; 
 
 And thus the evil that 'twas sought to cure, 
 
 Is rendered worse, and very much more sure. 
 
 'Twas patronage, with us, produced the ill ; 
 Not want of confidence the post to fill : 
 A noisome weed that every where abounds, 
 In Church, and State, and even private grounds, 
 To young ambition 'tis a sure defence ; — 
 He rises high, who favours can dispense : 
 Engagements mutual, though not made aloud, 
 Between the statesman and the venal crowd. 
 Yet 'tis not in the ruler's mind it grows, 
 But from the governed that the evil flows : 
 The love of giving is not half so strong, 
 As to receive is in the needy throng. 
 For he that's up, would soon forget to give 
 If those beneath without a place could live. 
 
 If venal in the State, where all is sense, 
 In spiritual matters, how much more intense ? 
 
154 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 And here, unhappily, it grows apace, — 
 This is. the noxious evil's rifest place ! 
 
 But, whence came Patronage, the Church's sin ? 
 When crept the deadly monster silent in, 
 O'er all its acts to exercise control, 
 And Achan-like contaminate the whole ? 
 For in the Word, we no-where read, that those 
 Who gave their substance did their Pastors choose. 
 Did saints in older times, who gave, secure 
 To selves and heirs, the right to don a cure ? 
 And if they did, then why was Simon told 
 That gifts like these were neither bought nor sold ? 
 Conceive a deed, subscribed by the elder James, 
 By Paul, and John, and other sacred names, 
 To some long-sworded peer, or subtile scribe, 
 " For reasons which these documents describe ; 
 " When void the bishoprick, thy sovereign will 
 " The church at Corinth, or at Rome shall fill, 
 " Despite the pleasure of the saints who there 
 " By faith and exercise for heaven prepare, — 
 " The tried materials for the church above, 
 " Where all's perfection, harmony and love. 
 " They, by the Spirit, are elected, here, 
 " But we, for reasons which in these appear, 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 155 
 
 H On thee, a layman, by this present deed 
 
 u Confer the right to choose their spiritual head." 
 
 Should this, loud jarring on the mind, offend, 
 
 Can we its counterpart in use defend ? 
 
 Tis but the principle produced at length 
 
 In stronger lines, to show the monster's strength. 
 
 And, if distortions of imperfect rays 
 
 Of barbarous ages, and of darker days 
 
 Through which they've tainted passed, why not return 
 
 To the pure lights that in the Scriptures burn ? 
 
 Would learned men, or men of science think 
 It right in them at fountains such to drink ? 
 Would they, supine, these darkened lights endure 
 Or short of truth imbibe of streams impure ? 
 Then why, when souls immortal are concerned, 
 Should men fall short of science, and the learned ? 
 
 Up ! and be doing then, with heart and mind, 
 To scatter patronage before the wind, 
 And all united in one solemn band, 
 From this fell monster, free our native land ! 
 
 But why digress, and leave the bark to find 
 A course directed by the captious wind ; 
 And fail to tell, how Jason urged his plea 
 Southward to steer, and from Luconia flee. 
 
156 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Who argued thus — in hopes his stern compeer 
 
 With him concurring — to the south would steer, 
 
 " In Lucon's port debasing vice prevails, 
 
 " Their law relaxed, no ■criminal assails ; 
 
 " Th' allurements many, and the virtues few, 
 
 " How, unsupported, shall we rein the crew ? 
 
 " Already conscious, ere they all fulfil, 
 
 " The arduous labours that await them still ; 
 
 " Such power repelling here, attractions there, 
 
 " Tis ten to one they leave us to despair ! 
 
 " But turn from this, and with impartial eye 
 
 " View what shall happen, should we southward fly 
 
 " In quest of Nassau's spicy rich domains, 
 
 " Where strictest discipline impartial reigns ; 
 
 " Where love to us and pity for our fate, 
 
 " Shall solace gain, in place of envious hate : 
 
 " And ten times sooner, too, relief we'll find, 
 
 " Borne on the pinions of the favouring wind ; 
 
 " While should our seamen dare their posts to leave 
 
 " Their stricter rules will soon the ill retrieve." 
 
 These explanations still unable prove 
 Orpheus' deep-rooted prejudice to move ; 
 Enough his language and his friends are there, 
 To drag him onward to the fatal snare. — 
 
PART III.] THE COLUMBIAD. 157 
 
 Till forced, at length, to nominate a place, 
 The captain's called to arbitrate the case. 
 Coincident with Jason, he derides 
 Luconia's port, and for the South decides ; 
 Then trims concurrent to that course the sails, 
 And courts with nautic skill the favouring gales, 
 Relieves the braces, slacks the flowing sheet, 
 And 'midst loud cheers, commences the retreat ! 
 
 14 
 
THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
 CANTO I.— Part IV. 
 
ARGUMENT OF CANTO I. — PART IV. 
 
 Meditations, when free and bounding o'er the sea, on the scene 
 of our past sufferings — The grave — Death — A victim to it 
 by fever — Meditations on the present and future states of the 
 soul — and some conclusions drawn from the two — Approach 
 the island where it is intended to refit the ship — Our arrival, 
 and gratitude to God for having conducted us in safety through 
 so many perils. 
 
CANTO I. 
 
 PART IV. 
 
 Now free, and bounding o'er the crested wave 
 We scarcely recognise our rock-lined grave, 
 Faint in the distance, and reduced to sight, 
 The whole is seen in quite an altered light — 
 The stormy, surf-swept, solitary scene, 
 Where we so long had lonely captives been ! 
 
 Beyond — how natural every thing appears ! 
 Within — how hateful to our abject fears ! 
 The rocks, how hideous, how extremely rough, 
 But, viewed from far, seem smooth and small enough ; 
 Proportioned barriers for an open shore 
 To guard the coast — to scorn an ocean's roar. 
 Within — the rush of each succeeding wave 
 Sounded our knell — foretold a watery grave. 
 Their spumy crests rose on our sickened sight, 
 As loud they burst against the rocky height ; 
 
 14* 
 
162 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 But viewed in distance, as they dash on high, 
 Appear majestic 'gainst the clear blue sky. 
 Their noise, like thunder, deafning did appear, 
 But now, melodious, charms the distant ear : 
 The tufted woods and varied trees how grim, 
 Seen through our fears, when pinioned there within, 
 Now add their verdure to the upland scene ; 
 Their crests so graceful, clothed in smiling green ! 
 Faint, and more faint appears the distant view, 
 And as we speed, assumes a mellowed hue ; 
 But still distinct the rugged rocks appear ; 
 The dashing billows, still their summits rear 
 Bright in the radiance of the setting sun, 
 Whose lengthened rays denote its race near run — 
 Low in the west shoots forth its spreading beams, 
 Aerial gold, so glowing bright they seem ; 
 While o'er th' attendant clouds its light-rays pass, 
 With varied colours tinging every mass : 
 Burnished beneath, above a purple hue, 
 In bold relief on field of greenish blue, 
 And all combined, unite in one grand ray 
 A glorious farewell to the hallowed day ! 
 Whose shades soft blending ere they sink to night, 
 Shed o'er the scene a sweet harmonious light ! 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 163 
 
 Permit us still to trace the well known shore 
 
 A moment longer, ere it's seen no more ! 
 
 Now to the eye a faint and distant mote, 
 
 As trembling on the air it seems to float ; 
 
 At length, where objects met our ardent view, 
 
 One line unbroken 's seen of circling blue ! 
 
 Thus from our vision fades the dreadful scene — 
 
 (The glad deliverance appears a dream !) 
 
 Where wrecked, dismasted, crushed beneath the load — 
 
 Wave after wave of misery o'er us strode ! 
 
 But 'midst the night of sorrow's darkest gloom 
 
 Mercy was sent to mitigate our doom. 
 
 While, in the chastened mind, portrayed is found 
 
 A mental transcript of the scenes around. 
 
 Beneath the rod, at each successive blow, 
 Darker the dispensation seemed to grow, 
 Until distraught, the sad, bewildered mind 
 Could see no hope, no consolation find ! 
 But once released — when safety it regains, 
 The clouds disperse, the hallowed fruit remains : 
 Serene the soul with adoration glows, 
 Nor longer thinks of bygone transient woes. 
 
164 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 And too, at last, when by the fixed decree 
 The trump shall sound that sets our bodies free, — 
 When comes that sabbath day — as come it must, 
 When every soul shall join its kindred dust, 
 No longer wrapped in silence and in gloom, 
 But blessed in union, triumph o'er the tomb ; 
 Should they, remindful of the fading scene 
 Where all their sorrows and their joys have been, 
 With look reverted, bend on earth their gaze, 
 While on they speed amidst the starry maze ; 
 How changed would then the darksome grave appear 
 Thro' which they passed to gain that glorious sphere ? 
 
 Its icy walls and lonely horrors now 
 Can draw no moisture from their ransomed brow ! 
 Seen by the glories of the heavenly light, 
 As on they urge their still ascending flight ; 
 All they discern, where late they dwelt on earth 
 Is one dark speck, their legacy by birth ! 
 In death's dread hour it seemed to them their all ; 
 But now, with joy ascending, seems so small ! 
 And onward urging their exalted flight, 
 It fades entirely 'midst celestial light 1 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
 165 
 
 The grave, mysterious passage ! equal stands 
 Upon the borders of two differing lands — 
 Entrance to yonder sphere — exit from this — 
 The way to misery, or eternal bliss ; 
 
 By death's dread portal nothing can pass through 
 Save soul and body ; or, what's strictly you ! 
 
 Behold yon mortal hurrying to the bourne 
 " From whence no traveller ever did return," 
 Conscious that nothing can arrest his course — 
 Friends, honours, riches offer no resource ! 
 Within the burning fever speeds its way 
 Straight to the heart — its power no hand can stay ; 
 All earthly remedies are now in vain ; 
 The helpless victim writhes with mortal pain ! 
 As near the verge as his departing soul 
 Can fading energies of sense control, 
 And looking back, can aught perceive while here, 
 Friends may surround, and his distraction cheer ; 
 But what are honours to his troubled mind ? 
 Pleasures to him! — what solace can he find ! 
 What now are all his keenly hoarded gains, 
 But deep, indelible, immortal stains, 
 Graven on the soul with adamantine pen — 
 The thought, the deed, the circumstance, and when ! 
 
166 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Now talk to him of titles, and a name 
 With all the deference that pride can claim : 
 Another step ! and what are they all now, 
 When death's cold sweat bedews his clammy brow ! 
 Fearful to pass, but hurried on by fate, 
 Reluctant traveller through the awful gate ! 
 Another step ! his perturbed senses fail — 
 He stands almost within the fearful pale ! 
 Though dim to earth, before his inward eyes 
 The dread realities of Heaven arise ! 
 Oh, for one word to ease his mental pain 
 From that blessed Book he did so late disdain ! 
 When all the refuges of worldly lies 
 Danced o'er the page and led away his eyes ! 
 Now could it stay his mind, assuage his fears, 
 Restore his peace, and dry up all his tears ! 
 Too late, alas ! — his trembling senses reel ; 
 In vain to them is made the last appeal ! 
 Convulsed, and struggling, ready to expire, 
 The last vibrations of the vital wire ! 
 Another fearful step ! his soul 's set free, 
 And all is changed ! He's in Eternity ! 
 
 Cold in the tomb the mouldering body lies : 
 Th' immortal spirit seeks its native skies. 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 167 
 
 Yet, still mysterious what its state may be 
 
 Unclogged by sense, when from the body free. 
 
 The finite powers of man cannot, confined, 
 
 Conceive the wonders of th' Eternal's mind ; 
 
 Or comprehend where souls in separate state 
 
 The resurrection of their bodies wait. 
 
 Nor should they — if indeed with loftier range 
 
 Of thought, we strive to grasp the mighty change ; 
 
 On earth, the soul, immortal though it be, 
 
 Is bound to time — nor from its laws is free. 
 
 But when by death it gains its native clime, 
 
 Then rules Eternity — not finite time, 
 
 These widely differing ; though we do believe 
 
 We cannot, though we would, the change conceive. 
 
 Yet by the Word, this truth, at least is known — 
 
 That souls redeemed surround the heavenly throne 
 
 On high, and there in bliss for ever dwell — 
 
 With praise seraphic their sweet anthem swell. 
 
 Though here encased, where time and matter reign, 
 
 They cannot, though they would, the change explain, 
 
 Yet still excursive, may attempt to trace 
 
 Back to the fount, to see what there took place. 
 
 When formed the body, and complete the whole, 
 u He breathed, and man become a living soul" 
 
168 THE COLIXMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Not two, but one ; and what He did unite 
 Who shall undo ? who dares forbid the rite ? 
 If one, then who can say, in separate state 
 The soul can act : can modify its fate ? 
 " As falls the tree, so must it prostrate lie, 53 
 And there remains through all eternity ! 
 But as the soul dies not, nor prostrate falls, 
 In this the body our attention calls. 
 " To fall " implies a time : what " time * is this 
 From which we date eternal woe or bliss ? 
 That " time " is death, when bodies prostrate lie 
 And souls escape (because they cannot die) 
 To seek abodes eternal in the sky. 
 
 Now, what the mind perceives, thro' sense flows in ; 
 But then, the soul turns it to good or sin, 
 Not the perceptions in themselves are ill, 
 But how arranged deliberately by will. 
 Simple perceptions in themselves are pure, 
 And just arrangements still the same ensure. 
 The images of things may equal pass 
 Through different minds and alter quite their class ; 
 Just as the elements that form the earth 
 In number few, to varied things give birth ; 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 169 
 
 The self-same atoms diversely combined 
 In poison, or in nutriment we find ; 
 The healthful atmosphere that floats around 
 Almost the same as noxious vapour's found : 
 So mental elements within dispersed, 
 Can by volition wholly be reversed — 
 The soul's immortal, never-dying food 
 By it transformed to evil or to good ! 
 Like it, immortal ; so must ever be 
 All it performs through all eternity ! 
 But its volitions chiefly do conduce 
 To class perception, knowledge to produce ; 
 As through the bodies passed of all alive 
 Food, though inert) doth yet again revive. 
 Becoming part of living beings now, 
 Though man, with all his knowledge knows not how ; 
 So, that which flows, material though it be 
 Through all the senses — what we hear and see. 
 Touch, taste, or smell, or any way perceive, 
 Or what by them, we in the mind conceive, 
 Are lost to matter as they inward roll 
 In one vast tide to feed th' insatiate soul ! 
 That dwells, within " and turns its mental food * 
 11 Into immortal evil, or to good." 
 
 15 
 
170 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 " That dwells within !" How strange! mysterious case ! 
 
 The immaterial limited to space ! 
 
 Forced into union with the sodden clay, 
 
 To raise it buoyant to the realms of day ! 
 
 Once but allied, for ever to remain — 
 
 Their common fate nought ever can unchain ! 
 
 Strange that the spirit, through the clay, should know 
 
 All that is passing while 'tis here below ; 
 
 But stranger still, that matter, through the soul, 
 
 Should be partaker of the wond'rous whole ! 
 
 Destined to live, for ever to enjoy 
 
 Eternal happiness without alloy, 
 
 Or never ending woe ; — since Satan's plan 
 
 With dire effect seduced confiding man, 
 
 And caused, — to remedy inherent crime, — 
 
 A separation 'tween them for a time. 
 
 But while alive — in union while they're here, 
 The soul, translucent, forms a mental sphere : 
 As yon bright azure vault doth round expand 
 Th' aerial firmament o'er sea and land, 
 Through which those heavenly objects seem so bright, 
 The starry throng that stream their glorious light, 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 171 
 
 Though from the earth oft darkening vapours rise 
 
 To dim the lustre of th' etherial skies ; — 
 
 So with the soul ; when wrapt, it upward turns, 
 
 No vapours float, for light unsullied burns ; 
 
 But when relapsing, downward views have plaee, 
 
 And earth-born images within we trace : 
 
 Thought after thought, in quick succession rise, 
 
 And course each other through the mental skies, 
 
 Calm and serene, when they, like clouds of fleece, 
 
 Move gently on, then all within is peace ; 
 
 Blended the mass ; now calm, and rapid now, 
 
 Doubts and distractions shade the troubled brow, 
 
 When bitter thoughts and dark ideas lower, 
 
 And o'er the mental aspect hold their power ; 
 
 The sterner virtues, with no mind to please, 
 
 Are well depicted by such clouds as these : 
 
 Sunshine and shadow gleaming forth by turns, 
 
 Denote that caprice in the bosom burns, 
 
 When thoughts, like mists, bedim the inward sight, 
 
 Then ignorance and prejudice benight ; 
 
 But when dark hanging clouds obscure the view, 
 
 Desponding melancholy marks the hue, 
 
 Surcharged with vap'ry thoughts, like clouds with rain, 
 
 Then sorrow's seen with all her melting train. 
 
172 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO T. 
 
 Should images electric crowd the mind, 
 Like sultry summer clouds on balmy wind, 
 Then lovers' rosy thoughts impassioned swell, 
 To lead to — what ? — Let disappointment tell ! 
 But when the sun with mellow gilding rays, 
 The gorgeous radiance of its tints displays, 
 Then is the poet's and the painter's hour, 
 To show in richest guise their mental power ! 
 And later still, when the pale chaster ray 
 Of the cold moon maintains its pensive sway, 
 The mind to contemplation gives the night — 
 Is lost to sense, and revels in delight ; 
 Freed from the trammels that attract it here, 
 It soars aloft towards a higher sphere ; 
 With the Great Father of the spirit there 
 Seeks fervent intercourse, by silent prayer. 
 
 If, unserene, should mental vapours lour — 
 Should tempests mar the night, and torrents pour, 
 Then carnage, conquest, and ambition flare, 
 With lurid light to shed their baleful glare. 
 And when, like thunder, fierce as lightnings roll, 
 A conqueror lives ! — behold Napoleon's soul ! 
 
 While sins of nations settled on their lees, 
 Are aptly purified by storms like these ! 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 173 
 
 Full was their cup. He loosed the dreadful brand, 
 And with his whirlwind swept the impious land : 
 Onward it rolled, a devastating flood, 
 Overwhelming all, and drenching them in blood ! 
 Still onward rolled, with loud contentious roar, 
 But e'er respected Britain's sea-bound shore ; 
 Whose Monarch's virtuous mind, exalted high, 
 O'er dark'ning clouds shone pure as azure sky, 
 Like the bold summits of his empire free, 
 When wintry storms enrage its circling sea ! 
 For faint the peals, and dim the distant gleams 
 Of those dread thunders, which like fearful dreams 
 Swept names of ages from the tainted earth, 
 And gave new dynasties imperial birth, 
 B ut could not them uphold ; for now the brand 
 He quenched, and eased from thrall the groaning land ! 
 
 But cease these airy flights, and stoop to trace 
 The soul's deportment when confined to space. 
 
 Though means material it doth here perceive, 
 And by the mind doth varied thought conceive ; 
 Hence its acquirements through the body's known, 
 For man is not composed of soul alone : 
 
 15* 
 
174 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO 
 
 But intimately joined are they in one, 
 
 And what the soul performs, in matter's done : 
 
 For this the final and dread award, 
 
 " As in the body done, so thy reward !" 
 
 But whose reward ? Sure, not the soul alone, 
 
 For souls, in bodies clothed, surround the throne ; 
 
 Complete re-union judgment antecedes, 
 
 To share alike the harvest of their deeds : 
 
 But if the soul deteriorates its state, 
 
 Should then the insensate body share its fate ? 
 
 And senseless, sinless, mouldering in the tomb, 
 
 Should it partake the erring spirit's doom 
 
 For deeds done out the body ? Is this our creed ? 
 
 Is this according as we scripture read ? 
 
 Again, if spirits, from their bodies free, 
 
 Can hear or taste, perceive — can know or see — 
 
 Can learn, compare, discern, reject, admit, — 
 
 External senses why, again, permit? 
 
 If they in separate state can all this do, 
 
 Wherefore with matter cover them anew ? 
 
 But here's the difficulty ; — none deny 
 
 That bodies join their souls in yonder sky, 
 
 And thus restored, partake eternal peace, 
 
 Or pass to where all happiness shall cease ! 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 175 
 
 But if, as we supposed, there souls perceive, 
 Without a local change can we conceive, 
 That though the clay restored (though pure it be) 
 The self-same scenes around they then could see ! 
 Or aught perceive of what is passing there, 
 Though in that bless'd abode all 's bright and fair ? 
 
 Well, then, the question is reduced to this, — 
 For ?nan, how ?nany places are in bliss ? 
 Of " many mansions," one alone's for us ; 
 Who shares the rest, we need not here discuss : 
 Enough to know, if from pollution free, 
 That where He is, there we shall also be ; 
 And He that gave himself for us to die 
 Hath formed " a mansion" fitting in the sky, 
 Where souls and bodies sanctified shall share 
 Eternal happiness with angels there : 
 From whence it follows, as a point declared, 
 That as a mansion is for us prepared ; 
 To tenant it we must be here made fit, 
 It alters not for us, but we for it. 
 And, oh ! what bliss to be for ever clear 
 Of human frailties that oppress us here ! 
 Promptly to know, and strengthened to fulfil 
 The slightest token of His gracious will ! 
 
176 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Speed on the wings of love, these joys inspire 
 With ardent zeal — His ministers of fire, — 
 The weak to succour, downcast minds to cheer, 
 Console, confirm, and banish all their fear ; 
 Nerve every Abdiel spirit, taught to burn 
 With true allegiance, every art to spurn : 
 But oh ! the mercy's errand, yet more dear, 
 From cheek that mourns to dry the scalding tear ! 
 Mildly to win, — lead back the erring soul, 
 An outcast doomed by man's unjust control ! 
 Wooed and deceived, traduced beyond remede, 
 The least offender branded with the deed ; — 
 In art less practised than deceitful man, 
 Becomes a victim to his deep laid plan, 
 And finds no sympathy, — no, not a tear, 
 Her wounded sensibility to cheer! 
 No words to win her back when once astray, 
 Gently retrace her steps to virtue's way, — 
 But cold, forbidding, down the dreadful course, 
 She's hurried on — her last, her sole resource ! 
 The fairest flower that Paradise produced — 
 Was it bestowed to be so basely used ? 
 For this did our great parent pining mourn, 
 And 'midst the joys of Eden feel forlorn ; 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 177 
 
 Without congenial consort of his kind, 
 
 To yield him social interchange of mind : — 
 
 Was it for this his slumbering side was rent, 
 
 And thence a portion for a moment lent, 
 
 To be restored — to female grace transformed 
 
 The fairest maid that ever since was formed ? 
 
 Miraculous transition ! to behold 
 
 The rib expanding to the perfect mould ! 
 
 The flesh to muscles turned, so round and bland, 
 
 The attractive foot, the white and tapering hand ; 
 
 The polished brow, the nose, the cheek, the eye, 
 
 And rosy lips that make poor mortals sigh ; — 
 
 The fibrous nerves expanding into brain, — 
 
 The tongue, aha ! — let those who can explain ! 
 
 Yet though this latter oft unguarded leads 
 
 From reprehensive thoughts to looser deeds, 
 
 Yet base it surely is, that all the shame 
 
 Should fall on her who is the least to blame — 
 
 That we the victim shun, though wreathed in smiles. 
 
 We meet the serpent with his hundred wiles ! 
 
 Discursive tracing, whence these evils flow, 
 Back to the fount they lead of all our woe ! 
 
178 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Unconscious innocence' unguarded hour, 
 
 Assailed by Satan, fell beneath his power : 
 
 Had woman self sufficient, not essayed 
 
 To reason, — but the ordinance obeyed, 
 
 Victorious she had been o'er all his wiles, 
 
 And nature still had been arrayed in smiles. 
 
 And how persistent is the tempter's plan, 
 
 Though now he follows it through serpent-man ! 
 
 This e'er alert, by woman's gesture, sees 
 
 The envied apple 'midst surrounding trees ; 
 
 In features, figure, riches, or the mind, 
 
 In one or all, is sure the fruit to find ; 
 
 Applauds its merit — certain to make wise, 
 
 And sequent penalties attached, denies ; 
 
 She gazes, listens, and attempts reply, 
 
 And stays to reason token she ought to fly ! 
 
 Bewildered, trembles 'neath the serpent's stare, 
 
 And, fluttering, lingers near the baleful snare ; 
 
 Near, and more near, infatuate dares approach, 
 
 At length's engulfed, and bears the whole reproach ! 
 
 See yon poor wanderer, as she passes by, 
 With wasted form, and dim, lack-lustre eye ! — 
 Think'st thou she always was as she is now — 
 In shame arrayed, with dark and moody brow ? 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAN 179 
 
 Ah ! no : — she once, in innocence attired, 
 
 Was all a parent's fondest heart desired, — 
 
 Sincere and gentle ; all the graces shone 
 
 In her fair form, — a rose ere fully blown ! 
 
 But ah, alas ! in some unguarded hour 
 
 A withering blight assailed the charming flower ! 
 
 At first 'twas nothing — seemed a distant cloud, 
 
 I 
 Her buoyant mind in passing gloom to shroud ; 
 
 But soon it darker lowered, for in the mind 
 
 The guileful serpent had himself entwined 
 
 In ample folds, his venom to instil, 
 
 And maiden modesty itself to kill ! 
 
 Then wayward fancies in her spirit wrought 
 
 Pensive and fitful, — solitude she sought : 
 
 And came the time, a parent's fostering eye 
 
 Brought her no solace, for 'twas found too nigh ! 
 
 And then the mad'ning time, when it was feared — 
 
 Escape her only hope — she disappeared ! 
 
 Left a pure home, and all the joy that's there, 
 
 And plunged her parents into deep despair. 
 
 E'en them the alternative of hope denied 
 
 That dawns hereafter — had their offspring died! 
 
 Now see the creature, whose unsullied brow 
 
 Ne'er felt the blush of shame, dark crimsoned now ! 
 
180 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I . 
 
 Modest at first — she shuns his revel-mates, 
 
 But soon inured, joins in their wild debates. 
 
 Amidst the laugh, the boist'rous song, and glee, 
 
 And all the trappings of wild revelry ; 
 
 " The feast of reason, and the flow of soul," 
 
 When wine and passion hold supreme control — 
 
 Now mark the rolling of her prurient eye 
 
 No meed of admiration can supply ! 
 
 Deceived herself — soon learns deception's art 
 
 Where all's fictitious — nothing from the heart; 
 
 For keen's the rankling pang, that though caressed, 
 
 The deference due to virtue's not expressed ! 
 
 Recriminations follow, floods of tears, 
 
 Not drawn from penitence, but nervous fears ; 
 
 Yet former feelings, and some lingering shame 
 
 Unite them still — still fan the guilty flame. 
 
 Until dissensions of a fiercer kind 
 
 Inflame the passions, and the league unbind. 
 Look on that face, so gentle once, so fair — 
 
 Dire rage, revenge, and jealousy are there ! 
 
 The lips compressed ; how fierce the eyes are now ; 
 
 Behold how threat'ning that once placid brow ! 
 
 Is it the same, unhallowed thoughts that fire, 
 
 Who shortly since was all we could desire ? 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 181 
 
 But look again — with sudden change of wiles 
 Renewed in charms, she comes in borrowed smiles ; 
 With fell design, adopts the dreadful plan, 
 That what has ruined her, shall ruin man — 
 Her fatal beauty ! still to wand'ring eyes 
 Sufficient snare, when varnished by disguise. 
 
 Where now's the purity — the heart-felt smile 
 Of those once artless lips that knew no guile ? 
 Ah ! whither have they fled, to leave behind 
 Such hateful dregs, to mark the fallen mind ? 
 In that bold look, and contumacious stare — 
 No signs of former innocence are there ; 
 But altogether lost — bereft of shame, 
 A woman's modesty she doth disclaim ! 
 And still descending, comes at last to be 
 The foul, the loathsome thing thou now dost see ! 
 Doomed yet to linger on a life of woe, 
 And drop at last into th' abyss below ! 
 Like some fair flower that decked the river's side 
 When sudden torrents swell its rushing tide, 
 Swept by the current, by the roots uptorn, 
 Down foaming rapids it is whirling borne ; 
 But all unheeded, 'midst the crowded mass 
 Of floating wrecks, and boughs that rapid pass, 
 
 16 
 
182 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Swept on resistless to the fearful height ; 
 Lost in the cataract, descends to night ! 
 
 And so is woman, from the parent hearth 
 Uptorn — like simple flower from native earth. 
 The crowd, the pleasure-seeking, selfish throng 
 Regard her as of nought, when borne along 
 To endless misery ; nor ever think 
 A soul immortal seeks perdition's brink ! 
 A prey to wretchedness through future years, 
 Despised and pining 'midst disease and tears, 
 Stretched on a pallet of unbending straw, 
 (Her last resource — the boon of rigid law) 
 With mournful wailing, or in wild despair, 
 Lies lowly couched, the being once so fair ! 
 Fair ! fair ! — could e'er such epithet apply 
 To those pale cheeks, that dim and hollow eye ? 
 Could sounds like these of such unhallowed tone, 
 A day of spotless purity have known ? 
 Or faultless spirits, seek they e'er the skies 
 'Midst throes like these, and such convulsive cries ! 
 For, ah ! the hopeless soul has sped its way, 
 And left the poisoned error-stricken clay ! 
 
 And thus deluded, trusting in a lie, 
 This wretched creature is allowed to die 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 183 
 
 Without one word from mercy's gracious store, 
 The sad, but faithful type of thousands more ! 
 
 Will none, stentorian- voiced, aloud declare 
 That stricter justice should await the fair ? 
 For, why, to swelling streams if bounds are set, 
 Are passion's ruthless floods unchecked as yet ? 
 Why left unguarded to o'erflow their banks, 
 And carry devastation through all ranks ? 
 E'en prudence' self declares it is unwise, 
 And all experience glaring shows its vice : 
 For, swift descending with o'erwhelming force, 
 The sin recoils on its unchristian source ! 
 While Satan follows still his well tried plan, 
 Her*he beguiles — -and she deceives the man! 
 
 That such should be permitted, seems so strange, 
 To reconcile it, asks a wider range ; 
 For justice partial, seeming left to fate, 
 Points with precision to a future state, 
 Where much concealed of what occurs while here 
 In characters of truth, shall then appear. 
 But grant a middle state, these hopes are lost, 
 The mind bewildered, is in chaos tossed ; 
 
184 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Sweet retribution's solace disappears : 
 No ground for hope ; and still less cause for fears. 
 No mid-transition, then, 'tween woe and bliss, 
 Nor resting place, when souls depart from this ! 
 Then, where in penal purgatory ? — where ? 
 In minds diseased ; in thoughts as vague as air ! 
 
 Hail ! offspring monstrous of infernal sire ! 
 Great mental effort of Satanic fire ! 
 In all most wonderful ; in all deform 
 Vast in dimensions, yet to self conform — 
 Aided by tropes, I fancy thee in part, 
 The vanishing points of a depraved heart ! 
 Containing murder, infamy, and lies, 
 And all that from a source so evil rise ; 
 E'en what is lacking there, in thee we trace 
 Iniquity projected into space ! 
 
 But, whither art thou ? when hadst thou thy birth ? 
 Born underneath, how earnest thou to earth ? 
 
 The terms of grace, in simpleness are given, 
 Like all decrees that emanate from Heaven. 
 Not words declarative, to fence around 
 The doubtful limits of disputed ground ; 
 But laws immutable ; as sure as those 
 By which the earth above the waters rose, 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 185 
 
 So simple, and distinct the heavenly creed, 
 
 " That those who ran — may run, and yet may read." 
 
 Satan o'ercome, received a mortal blow, 
 Yet, though defeated, dared his heavenly foe ! 
 In council circled by his fell compeers 
 Th 5 inveterate enemy of mankind appears, 
 And to his revel mates recounts his fears. 
 Endless discussions occupied their days, 
 Yet farther still they wandered in the maze, 
 As dark, as dire, as undefined was found 
 Their varied counsel as the space around, 
 And, the vast multitudes that weltered there 
 With their dread chief, in madness and despair, 
 Drew no conclusion from their wild debate, 
 No project ripened to avert their fate ; 
 Complex, diffuse, their daring, impious schemes 
 Were found to be as frenzied mid-day dreams : 
 Till Satan, eminent in every ill, 
 Arose supreme, and thus pronounced his will. 
 
 " In that great plan that remedies the fall, 
 " And mankind rescues from our iron thrall, 
 " To si?ripleness its chief adaption^ due, 
 " For its conditions are reduced to two. 
 
 16* 
 
186 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO U 
 
 " l Do this on earth ; believe, and thou art safe 
 
 a (For no repentance is beyond the grave,) 
 
 " i But fail to do so, and thy soul descends 
 
 " ' To that dread place where torment never ends. 
 
 " £ Believe and be baptized,' is all that's asked, 
 
 " Man cannot say he's too severely tasked. 
 
 " From this simplicity, and terms so clear, 
 
 " We have, undoubtedly, the worst to fear. 
 
 " For who, if wise, between the two would pause ? 
 
 u Would any soul come here without a cause ? 
 
 " But, add a third condition to the plan, 
 
 " And we are sure of vacillating man ; 
 
 " Let him procrastinate — his change delay, 
 
 " And do to-morrow what he ought to-day, 
 
 " Believe, on earth he may enjoy his will 
 
 "And yet retrieve — his dues thereafter fill, 
 
 " No matter when, or where, how short, how long, 
 
 " This, ne'er a question by the thoughtless throng, 
 
 " Enough for them, if days of grace prolong — 
 
 u If taught to think, they change beyond the grave 
 
 " Their souls, then nothing can thereafter save ! 
 
 " The plan was simple that destroyed our hope, 
 
 " Simple must be our wiles with it to cope. 
 
 " Some medium state let us suppose near this, 
 
 " Where souls may linger, and prepare for bliss, 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 187 
 
 " For l bliss V aye — such as these abodes supply 
 " Where live the gnawing worms that never die ! 
 " But let that pass. Not these our subtile schemes 
 " To damp their hopes by such obnoxious themes, 
 " But more consistent, with some title grace 
 " That leads to expectation, this our place." 
 
 He ceased, and coloured high with livid shame, 
 For even Satan blushed, the place to name ! 
 O'erjoyed, the fiends sent forth a hideous yell, 
 Which still re-echoes through the caves of Hell : 
 In their audacious madness, thought 'twas given 
 To their ideal place to rival Heaven ! 
 And still their shouting rang like boist'rous waves 
 Through never-ending, dark descending caves. 
 
 Silence restored, though 'midst the distant sound 
 Of frightful yells (infernal music !) round 
 The prince resumed, with brow of darker hue 
 As his fell mind realized the dreadful view, 
 " Repress your ill-timed mirth ; we yet may fail ; 
 " All that we've done is still of no avail ! 
 " What is 't to us ; or less, — what is 't to man, 
 " Thus to have traced with deep design our plan ? 
 " Schemes not matured, or not as yet combined, 
 " Are but imaginations of the mind, — 
 
188 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 " Effect no real change. — produce no fruit — 
 
 " Are clouds deprived of water, — trees of root ; 
 
 " But rather, let our dire ambition be 
 
 " In this new Eden, how to plant our tree ; 
 
 " And when matured, with subtile art induce 
 
 " Unwary man its deadly fruits to use.*' 
 
 He said : amazement reigned ; and not a sound 
 
 Was raised, to break the silent spell around ! 
 
 Three centuries had passed, and yet the king 
 Of terrors sat unmoved, with drooping wing, 
 Reflecting darkly, how he should proceed 
 With most effect to consummate the deed ; 
 And all the while the church on earth had peace, 
 Within was harmony, around, increase ; 
 Until one See more emulous of sway, 
 Pretended, all, her mandates should obey, 
 In spite, that when on earth, He did declare, 
 "No place exclusive shall be found for prayer, 
 " Nor here, nor yonder, incense shall be given ; 
 " In truth and spirit ye shall worship Heaven ;" 
 Nor cared ! So long as they opposed the plan 
 Of bold aggression on the rights of man, 
 Of deepest dye, not transient earthly power, 
 But man's great right, his spiritual dower, 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 189 
 
 Nefarious sought to grasp within her See, 
 As free a gift, as grace itself is free ! 
 Left baser robberies to meaner souls, 
 But strove to gain what all alike controls ! 
 
 Satan, aroused, perceived with stern delight 
 The fatal error, and prepared for flight 
 On wings of savage hope, — joy all his own, — 
 Upon their altars to erect his throne. 
 What erst was wanting to complete the chain 
 He found ; and donned on her his new domain, 
 Of bounds indefinite, — unknown extent — 
 In harvest rich, — illimitable rent, — 
 Where fallen spirits form their fruitful trees, 
 And gains are gathered from the mind's disease ; 
 Morals relaxed, religious rites impure, 
 In skilful hands become the best manure ; 
 'Mongst which the gnawing worms luxuriant breed, 
 On pining souls in misery that feed ! 
 And all fictitious — all a monstrous lie ! 
 Not this the fate that waits us when we die ; 
 For souls of men in disembodied state 
 Incur no change, they alter not their fate ; 
 And thus it seems, that reason e'en denies 
 A middle state in yonder glorious skies, 
 
190 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 While truth revealed, assumed, with widest range, 
 Firmly rejects a place of penal change. 
 To loose or bind on Earth in grace was given, 
 And the resolve should be confirmed in heaven, 
 By which a middle state must be denied, 
 The two extremes so clearly are implied ; 
 The one is heaven, the other is our sphere, 
 Nor right of substitution doth appear. 
 
 Besides, what beings guard the ideal place, 
 And by their efforts purge the soul to grace ? 
 Better ? — or worse ? — or souls themselves impure ? 
 Else who reigns there ? who guards the penal door ? 
 Is it pretended soberly to say 
 Angels of light forsake the realms of day ? 
 That seraphs their bright scenes of love forego, 
 To teaze men's souls through endless years of woe ! 
 
 If daemons reign, in evil who delight, 
 Can they, perverse, put wicked men aright ? 
 Or is it so, that souls like certain wines, 
 Improve by heat, and sudden change of climes ? 
 On torments tossed, like surging tropic seas, 
 Limpid become, and drop their filthy lees ! 
 
 Or more confiding, should they guard the door, 
 How can the wicked horde be pent secure ? 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 191 
 
 Rebels by nature, callous to all threats, 
 Without one penance they would pass the gates, 
 And if no penance, then the thing is done, 
 For by the pains, the penalties are won ! 
 
 Yet, ah ! what myriads are thus made to stray 
 With hopes delusive, ^jond the grave to pray 
 That there, not here, the mighty change takes place 
 That justifies, and sanctifies by grace ! 
 
 Away with all such refuges of lies ! 
 There is no middle state in yonder skies ; 
 For, when the silver cord is severed here 
 That binds the spirit to this nether sphere, 
 Freed from its load (the all-absorbing clay,) 
 It soars, attracted to the realms of day, 
 Unchanged in aught, except that here below 
 Its real state we did not, could not know. 
 But there, alas ! (How dreadful to conceive !) 
 The disembodied soul has no reprieve ! 
 If unrenewed, appalled, it stands alone 
 Polluted still, before the judgment throne ! 
 Here, the material covering oft misleads, 
 And veils from human eyes its secret deeds ; 
 But there, what covering can from Him conceal ? 
 Who in deception dares with Him to deal ? 
 
192 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Shall He who formed the eye not thorough see ; 
 
 That made the heart, and thine still hidden be ; 
 
 The wondrous ear that formed, and thee not heard ; 
 
 The blood, and knew not thine rebellion dared 
 
 Against its fountain ? Vain, audacious mite ! 
 
 Why was His arm not bared at once to smite ? 
 
 Why was it not ? — Because in wondrous love 
 
 He found a ransom for thy sins above, 
 
 Who bore the mighty load in love to thee, 
 
 Received the blow, and let thy soul go free ! 
 
 And by his power alone, and by his grace} 
 
 The spirit's changed ere yet its flight takes place. 
 
 For, if according to the human soul 
 
 The will's supreme, and regulates the whole, 
 
 It follows clearly, something on the will 
 
 Must act, or it remains unaltered still ; 
 
 Or else, abandoned to this purblind guide, 
 
 It would, though erring, by the will abide ; 
 
 While, as immortal, so must likewise be 
 
 Its actions here, through all Eternity ; 
 
 This none can doubt, unless they should deny 
 
 That immortality can never die. 
 
 And hence it is undoubtedly confessed, 
 
 " That on the soul its every deed 's expressed 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 193 
 
 " Indelible with adamantine pen 
 
 " The thought, resolve, the circumstance and when, 17 
 
 Unless expunged by bounteous sovereign grace ; 
 
 The only means that can these stains efface, 
 
 Can change the current, inward that revolves — 
 
 To sanctify the soul, and its resolves. 
 
 And thus, it doth remarkable appear, 
 The soul 's an index of our sojourn here! 
 In order ranged, no circumstance concealed, 
 Thoughts, words, and actions clear as day revealed : 
 No words, nor actions, can till then remain 
 The souVs resolve alone, the innate stain, 
 The matrix whence these overt acts proceed, 
 Or what, when in the body, 's called the deed. 
 'Tis not the missile that we blame, whose blow, 
 When least expected, lays the guileless low ; 
 But back recurring to the treach'rous hand, 
 The crime is traced to him who guilty planned, — 
 And so with man ; 'tis not the word or deed 
 Which, missile-like, do from the soul proceed, 
 But 'tis the inward move — deliberate will 
 And combination of the soul, that's ill ! 
 From this alone does every crime arise 
 That renders man an alien to the skies ! 
 
 17 
 
194 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 But hark ! the sounds that woo us back to earth — 
 Whence have these heart-sprung acclamations birth ? 
 Hark ! hark again ! what loud and joyful cheers ! 
 The welcome land in outlines faint appears ! 
 Scarce to the eye distinct, so azure blue, 
 The intermingled clouds perplex the view, 
 And would all hope dispel, did not the breeze 
 Sweep on the clouds, but leave unaltered these, 
 Which seem more fixed ; distinct, the careless eye 
 Can trace the line that sep'rates earth from sky — 
 Now sharply peaked, assumes an upward flight 
 Of bold ascent, and marks some towering height ; 
 Anon descending, seeks the level main — 
 The tamer features of some fertile plain. 
 Yet, both alike the outlines of a world, 
 When valleys sank, and hills aloft were hurled 
 By his command, who formed the pristine light, 
 And it divided from chaotic night, 
 To send it forth, a messenger through space, 
 The slumbering orbs, revolving dark, to trace ! 
 
 Onward it sped, with all-resistless force, 
 To overtake the planets in their course : 
 
 Strange yet to motion round their centre line 
 
 To hill or dale, variety of clime ; 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 195 
 
 One vast expanse of waters bound the whole, 
 Of equal temperature, from pole to pole — 
 " From pole to pole," as known to us alone ; — 
 Then neither pole, nor equatorial zone ; 
 Till the command — " Let light speed on its way," 
 And eve and morn became the pro to-day ! # 
 The planets traveling in their ambient field 
 To this new "power dared no resistance yield, 
 But to evade it, round their axis wheeled, 
 And passed, eccentric, the resistless blow 
 Ton work of ages undisturbed below. 
 In Nature's womb — a sea without a shore, 
 Where darkness reigned intense, and brooded o'er, 
 Wide-spreading layers of massive rock supine, 
 There formed — the anti-sediment of time, 
 And plants herbaceous, subaquatic trees, 
 Gigantic tenants of the former seas ; 
 Where heat and moisture, with true wisdom planned, 
 Had stored materials for the present land ; 
 Nor insects were despised — for myriads there, 
 Of kinds diverse, wrought out each shelvy layer : 
 Bereft of motion, yet with constant toil 
 They left calcareous trophies in the soil. 
 * See note M. 
 
196 THE COLUMBIAN. [CANTO I. 
 
 To mark successive, by each change of class, 
 
 The grades which worlds, when they are forming, 
 
 pass, 
 Until complete ; when forth the heavenly light 
 Was called to share alternately with night ; 
 And raised these relics high — there to remain 
 The craggy sides of some huge mountain chain! 
 To show to all, who scan the rocky steep, 
 His wonder-working wisdom in the deep ! 
 From whence rotation caused the whole to rise 
 Towards the space, where's now the glorious skies, 
 Though then unknown — no firmament was there, 
 No bright expanse was yet of vap'rous air ! 
 Beyond the others were the denser hurled, 
 And reared their heads, the mountains of the world ! 
 While lagging strata on their sides recline, 
 And fused by friction, show the bold design ; 
 Immutable they stand, and loud proclaim 
 In adamantine columns the Eternal's fame ! 
 From them, in terrors, too, He gave the law, 
 While at his presence they did shake with awe ! 
 Though thick the darkness, loud the thunder's peal, 
 On Sinai's summit He did then reveal, 
 In goodness, " to his servant all his ways," * 
 With glimpse as bright and quick as lightning rays ; 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 197 
 
 Raised by his Spirit, the impervious screen, 
 (Which else to man would ever intervene,) 
 And showed creation's secrets to the core, 
 Whence all the hills, and what they were before ! 
 
 Though vast, confused to microscopic eyes, 
 By laws dynamic they did all arise : 
 Not thrown by chance — commingled without form, 
 Like the huge relics of some dreadful storm ; 
 But every grain of sand — each mountain-mass 
 Did with precision through the balance pass ; 
 E'en the vast continents a law display, 
 Based on the motion that creates the day ; 
 Not transverse stretching, but from pole to pole ; 
 Show the same impetus upraised the whole ! 
 And when complete — when into mould were cast, 
 The models vanished, and the hills stood fast ! 
 
 While works so wondrous these designs unfold, 
 Omnipotence alone could wield the mould, 
 Or bear the ponderous weight ! and does so still, — 
 His truth upholds the fabric of his will, 
 Which rose complete when he wheeled round the earth 
 Upon its axis, and decreed their birth, — 
 
 17* 
 
198 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 While their deep holloas formed the caverned shore, 
 Designed to curb the raging waters' roar, 
 Which, roused from slumber of unmeasured time 
 By rotate motion, rushed towards the line ; 
 Nor thither straight impelled — increasing space 
 A half gyration caused the flood to trace. 
 Surcharged with fragments from the natal throes 
 Of mountain-chains, which 'neath the strata rose, 
 Loaded with blocks immense, with silts and sands, 
 To smooth th' asperities of tropic lands, 
 To fill their chasms, and compose their soil, 
 The rushing waters from the poles did toil, 
 And matter bore to constitute the whole 
 Which spheres demand, when wheeling on their pole ; 
 They swell in bulk around the torrid zone, — 
 Rotation's figure — now a world full grown ! 
 Onward the waters' toiled, but in their pace 
 Decreasing as they neared their destined place, 
 They grasped their burthen with a feebler hand, 
 And strewed the bowlder o'er the new-formed land ; 
 Creation's land-marks — unremoved, to show 
 To future ages how they then did flow ; 
 Their Maker's mandates willing to obey 
 When roused from sleep on that eventful day : 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 199 
 
 Pent in their bosom, too, they faithful bore 
 Air's embryo principles in plenteous store, — 
 Reserved secure, until proclaimed the rite 
 That joined these elements to buoyant light ! 
 These waters then "ungathered" — now the seas, 
 O'er which we 're wafted by the fresh'ning breeze 
 Towards the land, which then no foliage knew, 
 That looks so verdant now — not distant blue. 
 As nearer we approach the spicy land, 
 Where vegetation smiles on every hand ; 
 Seen through the glass, that concentrates the light, 
 Confines the rays, and aids the distant sight, 
 Appears to us a green and fertile isle 
 Where Nature, jocund, seems alone to smile ; 
 Gazing, we wonder, she, thus partial here, 
 Should so profuse of all her gifts appear 
 So much unlike our northern sterile clime, 
 Where all perfection is the work of time ; 
 Here richest foliage decks the varied scene 
 With woody groves, and fields that intervene ; 
 There hang the clustering cloves, whose blossoms 
 
 bright 
 Perfume the breeze, and charm the gazer's sight ; 
 The nut more spicy, and more valued still, 
 The air around doth with its fragrance fill. 
 
200 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 Fertile the plantain, with its foliage broad, 
 Shields from the vertic rays its bounteous load, 
 Absorbing moisture from the air around 
 To sate its thirst, when none beneath is found. 
 Th' Areca fragile, the soft clustering vine, 
 Around their props are graceful seen to twine : 
 The acacia, myrtle, and the orange gold 
 Blend with the palma christi's form more bold ; 
 And man's companion, too, at length appears — 
 Its head erect, the cherished coco rears, 
 Luxuriant seen by ocean's verge to grow, 
 But yields no fruit beyond its tidal flow ; 
 Amphibious doomed by nature's generous wiles 
 To clothe with verdure new-formed coral isles, 
 And beacon-like, to guide the wandering eye 
 To where man's habitation's sure to lie : 
 These in the distance, now, distinct are seen 
 The glowing white, emerging from the green ; 
 One o'er the rest, with high surrounding walls 
 Conspicuous stands, and our attention calls, — 
 Proclaims the seat of him who there has sway ; 
 And thence commands, with bristling front, the bay, 
 To commerce closed, yet kind, humane indeed 
 To sad misfortune, or to those in need : 
 
PART IV.] THE COLUMBIAD. 
 
 201 
 
 Of this assured, and trusting in our state, 
 We inward pass, to tell them of our fate ; 
 Enlist their sympathy in our sad cause, 
 To grant relief in spite of fiscal laws, 
 Sanction our entrance, and permit our stay, 
 The barque to trim within their friendly bay. 
 
 Like suppliant wounded in some rightful claim, 
 Who boldly comes, nor fears reproach of shame ; 
 So we, availing of the seaward gale, 
 With ardour crowd each flowing crippled sail ; 
 Till safe, at length, we reach the crowded shore 
 Where anxious groups our shattered barque explore 
 With wondering eyes ; so vast the hull appears 
 To the low fabrick that above it rears 
 Its stunted crest ; to nautic skill unknown, 
 More like some monster on their sea-beach thrown 
 By stormy billows, when enraged they heave — 
 Rush o'er the land, and there their victims leave ; 
 A nearer survey dissipates their fears ; 
 At length we anchor midst a burst of cheers, 
 Re-echoed from the shore with heart and hand, — 
 A friendly welcome to the spicy strand ! 
 Nor we, unmindful of celestial dues, 
 Our grateful homage for our lot refuse ; 
 
202 THE COLUMBIAD. [CANTO I. 
 
 But fond, adoring, raise our streaming eyes 
 To Him, in need, who heard our plaintive cries — 
 Rebuked the tempest ; and forbade the storm 
 Our lives to peril, or one hair deform ; 
 
 BUT STRETCHED; IN MERCY, HIS KIND MANTLE o'ER 
 OUR SHATTERED BARK, AND BROUGHT IT TO THE SHORE. 
 
NOTES TO CANTO I. 
 
NOTES TO CANTO I. 
 
 Note A. pp. 43 — 44. 
 
 And thy pure spirit fires a later name, 
 
 Of death ambitious, or eternal fame. 
 
 With hold design to intersect the globe, 
 
 Where thy sad fate prevented thee to probe : 
 
 Wrapt in the stillness of a living tomb) 
 
 By night enshrouded in continual gloom. 
 
 Oh shield him Heaven — attend our ardent prayer. 
 
 And, sympathetic Spirit, be thou there ! 
 
 Waft from him dangers, elemental strife, 
 
 Save him from harm, and spare his venturous life ! 
 
 At the period when these verses were written, the uncertainty 
 respecting the fate of Captain (now Sir Wm. Edw.) Parry and his 
 hardy and enterprising companions, shut up in the frozen regions 
 of the Arctic Zone, was at its height, and public anxiety and 
 sympathy were correspondingly great. Sharing in these feelings 
 especially in the latter, with more keenness, perhaps, than others, 
 who had not experienced the dangers of navigating parts of the 
 world but little frequented — for when 1 wrote them we were cros- 
 sing the Northern Pacific to reach the Russian Establishments on 
 the coast of California — I was led to express myself in the way I 
 have done. I trust, therefore, that no apology will be required 
 for letting them now remain, although the anxiety then entertained 
 has long since merged into felicitations for delivery and partial 
 success. 
 
 18 
 
206 NOTES. 
 
 Note B. Page 48. 
 
 M length adopted, trained to nicer rules, 
 It owned the manage of more pompous schools ; 
 In hopes prospective, — hopes, alas ! in vain, 
 Of docks and harbours for our naval train. 
 
 At a later period of its history, and long after Penang had be- 
 come a part of British India, by arrangement with the king of 
 Queda, (in which, I believe, the interests of Mr. Light and his 
 successors were duly provided for) it was proposed to have made 
 it the eastern rendezvous of our fleets in India. From what we 
 have since experienced of the proceedings of some of our neigh- 
 bours who exercise sovereignty in these regions, as well as the 
 derangement of our relations with the Chinese, it seems to me to 
 be a question, whether, had Penang been made our naval head 
 quarters, in place of Trincomalie, matters with regard to these 
 powers would not have been on a very different footing. Certainly 
 the climate of Prince of Wales Island is much superior to that of 
 the Northern ports of Ceylon. 
 
 When in Penang I enjoyed the acquaintance and friendship of 
 the late enterprising possessor of the Glugor Estates, and remem- 
 ber with feelings of peculiar satisfaction the rides we frequently 
 took through the almost endless alleys of nutmeg trees — to 
 which he looked forward with so much certainty for an ample re- 
 compense for the attention he bestowed upon them, for scarcely 
 a blade of grass was visible any where around, so sedulously were 
 the plantations cared for. 
 
 I remember a saying of the Chinese, "If his trees bear fruit," 
 (for at the period I allude to very few were in bearing) "the pro- 
 prietor may roof his house with gold !" 
 
 Whenever I observe an importation of nutmegs reported from 
 
NOTES. 
 
 207 
 
 Penang, my memory recurs to the scene around Glugor House, 
 where, in imagination, I still behold the endless ranges of slim 
 delicate nutmeg saplings, with their palish green leaves, con- 
 trasting vividly with the dark red soil on which they grew, but 
 without either blossom or fruit in the whole vista ; and hear my 
 friend replying with characteristic shrewdness and breadth of 
 Northern dialect, to the Chinese observers — " And why shouldn't 
 they bear as well as in the Moluccas 1 The soil's as good here 
 as there. The sun's as warm ; the rain as refreshing, and I'll 
 take care they've as good cultivation ; I don't see why they 
 shouldn't bear." I sincerely trust that his prognostications and 
 my wishes for the prosperity of his plantations have been verified, 
 and 
 
 "That crowded boughs with fragrant harvest bend!" 
 
 Note C. Pages 60, 61. 
 
 Warmed by the scene, the fancy freer roams 
 To former days, when loathing peaceful homes, 
 Malaya's daring sons from neighbouring shores 
 Did hither come in quest of richer stores. 
 See the rude throng, led on by warrior's hand, 
 Defeat the ruder children of the land ! 
 
 ***** 
 
 In mingled combat wounds are ta'en and given ; 
 At length the weaker to the hills are driven, 
 And leave the strangers all their fruitful coast, 
 Who raise Malaka, in its strength to boast* 
 
 Malaka, which has communicated its name alike to the de- 
 lightful Straits, and to the extended Peninsula on which it is sit- 
 
208 NOTES. 
 
 uated, a little more than two degrees North of the equator, derives 
 its own name from a fruit-tree called " Malaka" abounding in- 
 digenously in its neighbourhood. 
 
 I would scarcely have considered it necessary to have particu- 
 larized this comparatively unimportant part of the British dominions 
 in India, were it not for the fact, that Malaka, small as it is, con- 
 stitutes a distinct and faithful index on which may be read, as in 
 a glass, the successive rise and fall of several influential nations, 
 both Asiatic and European, during many centuries ; and also 
 displays, at the same time, in undeniable characters, the advan- 
 tages of an enlightened and equitable system of international and 
 commercial policy. Before proceeding, however, to illustrate 
 what I have now asserted, I deem it proper, in justice to myself 
 to explain, that when 1 mention liberality of commercial policy, I 
 by no means wish to be considered an advocate of extreme free 
 trade principles ; for, I admit the axiom in commercial matters, 
 as it is in every thing else, " That the power which will not allow 
 itself to be regulated and controlled ought to be destroyed" 
 
 As far back as the middle of the twelfth century (1160,) the 
 comparatively enlightened and enterprising Malays issued forth 
 from Monancabou in Sumatra, and crossing over the intermediate 
 Straits, attacked the ruder inhabitants of the mainland, and drove 
 them from the coasts, to seek shelter in the almost impervious 
 woods and hills towards the centre of the Peninsula, where 
 races, descended from them, are still found in a state little better 
 than the insensate animals around them — living on roots and 
 wild fruits, and unknown to traffick, beyond the sale of gums. 
 
 The conquerors gave the proud title of Tanah Malaya the 
 Land of the Malays, to the territory of their conquest ; and, it 
 seems, first founded Singapoura, (The Lion's Town,) and 
 subsequently, in 1252, they built Malaka. With the ex- 
 
NOTES. 
 
 209 
 
 ception of their wars with Maja Pohit, they enjoyed a long and 
 uninterrupted period of prosperity and dominion, during which 
 their celebrated Sultan, Mahomed Shah, voluntarily embraced 
 the Mahomedan faith, and imposed it on his subjects. This 
 may be considered the first era of persecuting proselytism and in- 
 tolerance in matters of religion, and he may be looked upon as 
 the Intrusionist Chief of his day in that part of the world ! 
 
 Towards the latter end of the fourteenth century, the Siamese 
 spread their victorious arms to the southward and westward, and 
 during the greater part of the fifteenth century held the sons of 
 Monancabou in subjection, although at the expense of many a 
 hard struggle ; and eventually, in 1509, they were repelled by 
 these hardier adventurers, who again breathed a short period of 
 freedom and enjoyed prosperity. 
 
 Meanwhile events were taking place in another part of the 
 world which were soon to be felt by the Malays, for Europe was 
 awaking from the deep slumber of the middle ages, and with 
 the revival of its lights a commensurate degree of energy and 
 enterprise was manifested in their undertakings. The Portu- 
 guese were the first who visited Malaka with the design of con- 
 quest, and in 1511 it was taken by Alphonzo D'Albuquerque, 
 after an obstinate resistance ; which seems to have been retaliated 
 by continued severity on his part, and that of his successors, 
 although they never succeeded in entirely subjugating their 
 fierce opponents, who fled to the southward and founded Johore. 
 
 Along with their victorious arms the Portuguese introduced 
 into these regions the intolerant and cruel bigotry of their super- 
 stitious religion, for we find, amongst others who were at Malaka, 
 the name of the celebrated companion of Loyola, St. Francis 
 Xavier. 
 
 In Malaka, the Portuguese established the inquisition : the 
 18* 
 
210 NOTES. 
 
 walls of its court still remain on the neighbouring romantic rising 
 grounds : and when we consider what pabulum a Mahomedan 
 population would afford to the fiery zeal of the disciples of Tor- 
 requemada, we may without much hesitation, pronounce this to 
 have been the second, and the more intolerant era of religious 
 persecution — of bigotry and of superstition. 
 
 Towards the middle of the seventeenth century, these very 
 causes, acting like so many canker worms on the vitality and 
 energy of the Portuguese power both in Europe and in Asia, it 
 had very much declined ; while another nation, in achieving its 
 own political independence, acquired that robustness and enter- 
 prise of character, which unusually accompanies such endeavours 
 as well in states as in individuals. And in accordance therewith 
 we find by this remote, but faithful index, that in 1640 the Dutch 
 took Malaka from the Portuguese, after an obstinate siege of 
 six months. 
 
 A century and a half thereafter, or in 1795, when the science 
 and the learning of Europe had completely out-stripped its an- 
 tiquated political regime, and the great revolution had commen- 
 ced which is still in rapid progress, and when French ambition 
 and energy was too much for Dutch calculation, the British, now 
 on the ascendant, considered it essential for the security of their 
 commercial intercourse with China and the Eastern world, to se- 
 cure Malaka to themselves ; and, therefore, sent a small force 
 and took possession of it. 
 
 In consequence of the insidious peace of Amiens, when French 
 diplomacy was too much for English isolation, and the purblind 
 ignorance of our then exclusive system, we restored Malaka to 
 the Dutch ; but on discovering the real character of the truce, 
 and the recommencement of general hostilities, took possession 
 of it again in 1807. Our allies, of whose interests we were so 
 
NOTES, 211 
 
 careful, seem to have exercised a system of rigour and cruelty 
 little short of any of their predecessors, although directed more 
 to civil and political than to religious matters ; and hence, the 
 general satisfaction which was afforded to and felt by all, when 
 the instruments of torture and cruelty used by them, were pub- 
 licly burnt by Lord Minto when he visited Malaka in 1811. 
 
 Shortly thereafter, or in 1815, when European diplomacy, prac- 
 tised to adroitness by the violent and severe alternations that had 
 so long been familiar to the nations on the Continent, was found, 
 at the memorable congress of Vienna, to be once more too much 
 for the partial isolation and contracted views of those statesmen 
 who then ruled the destinies of Great Britain, both Malaka and 
 Banca were restored to our commercial opponents, the Dutch, 
 and remained under their dominion until 1825, when the former, 
 and the circumscribed territory which surrounds it, were finally 
 taken possession of by the English, in compliance with the treaty 
 which defined with greater precision, and no more convenient and 
 comprehensive principles, the boundaries of the two dominant Gov- 
 ernments on the Maylayan Peninsula and adjacent Archipelago. 
 
 Perhaps it would be well* if those who now govern, casting a 
 glance behind them, and recognising in the errors of their prede- 
 cessors the causes of their successive decline, and the reason why 
 dominion has passed successively out of their hands, would adopt 
 a policy civil, commercial, and religious, which might ensure the 
 permanency of their rule, and the spiritual and temporal well-being 
 of their subjects. 
 
 But it is not only as a measure of power, but likewise as an 
 index of principle, that the remote point of Malaka can be held 
 up to the public : for it will be seen, from what has been said, 
 that it came under European dominion in 1511, and has been 
 subject to its last possessors, the Dutch, since 1640 ; and yet, in 
 
212 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 1825, when given up by treaty to the British, the town and terri- 
 tory around it could only number 20,000 inhabitants ! and so 
 languid and decayed was their traffick, that it was difficult to 
 say what were its chief branches ; while, on the contrary, the 
 small Island of Singapore, taken possession of by Sir Stamford 
 Raffles, in right of a treaty with the Tomagong, on the twenty- 
 sixth of February, 1819, and numbering at that time only 150 
 inhabitants, had, under the genial influence of British Govern- 
 ment, and liberal commercial policy increased in the short space 
 of six years — or at the same period as we took possession of Mala- 
 ka, or nearly 15,000 inhabitants, and carried on an almost incon- 
 ceivable amount of traffick with China, Europe, and almost every 
 Malayan and Siamese Port in its vicinity. 
 
 The number of vessels which entered and cleared out the year 
 previous (1824) having been 1552, of which no fewer than 249 
 were square-rigged, and bound to foreign parts ; 1303 native 
 craft. 
 
 These are facts which only require to be stated and clearly 
 understood, to carry conviction even into the most prejudiced 
 mind. 
 
 Note D. Page 63. 
 
 In early dawn, high peaked, of azure hue, 
 The Carimans appear, to change the vieic, 
 Whose shores unsheltered, and unfriendly coast, 
 The honour of our rule them lately lost. 
 
 It is, perhaps, not very generally known, that Sir Stamford 
 Raffles had intended to have made the Carimans the site of Brit- 
 ish dominion to the South of Malacca in the straits of that name 
 
NOTES. 
 
 213 
 
 but was dissuaded from his purpose by Captains Ross and Craw- 
 ford, who had very recently examined, and found them deficient 
 in harbours : while they, on the other hand, as strongly recom- 
 mended Sincapore. It was said, at the time, by those whose 
 rank entitled them to know that these communications were made 
 to Sir Stamford by captains Ross and Crawford, when they fell 
 in with the expedition en route : and that, shortly after the con- 
 ference they had on board of the Commodore's ship with Sir 
 Stamford, the course of the fleet was unexpectedly altered for 
 Sincapore. 
 
 From what I afterwards saw of Sir Stamford, and knew of the 
 party politics of the period, I am inclined to think, these celebra- 
 ted surveyors did not meet the fleet accidentally, but by previous 
 arrangement. While the adoption by Sir Stamford of their sug- 
 gestions, and his penetration in at once perceiving the superiority 
 of Sincapore, does him as much honour, as the results confer cre- 
 dit on his advisers for their superior discrimination. Certainly 
 no spot could have been more fitly, or advantageously chosen 
 for the peculiar commerce of the Straits of Malacca than Sinca- 
 pore. Few mere delightful as a residence, and none superior to 
 it with regard to salubrity; and this, notwithstanding the natural 
 local causes which might induce to the opinion a priori, that it 
 would be otherwise than healthy. 
 
214 NOTES. 
 
 Note E. Page 64. 
 
 Hail ! genius brilliant, whose extended view, 
 
 Thy country 1 s honour, and her iv elf are knew ! 
 
 Too thin their flimsy veil to blind thine eyes, 
 
 Thy hand stretched forth, the subtile cobweb flies, 
 
 And modern Carthage's foundations rise: 
 
 Most meet the ancient site thy wisdom chose, 
 
 Round which as centre Eastern traffick flows : 
 
 Where health has fixed her home ; and pleasure reigns, 
 
 And Commerce, joined with freedom, laughs at chains! 
 
 The most complicated meshes of Dutch diplomacy, their de- 
 termined hostility to the measure, and their continual agitation 
 both in Europe and amongst the neigbouring Malayan Rajahs, 
 were brought, as it were, into focus against the permanency of 
 the British dominion in Sincapore ; but the peculiar genius of 
 Sir Stamford Raffles — his energy, activity, and shrewdness, to- 
 gether with his thorough knowledge of the Malayan character, 
 language, and politics, and his experience of Dutch policy, were 
 more than a match for the opponents of British dominion on that 
 part of the globe. He knew well, that in this instance, he was 
 the lion's paw — that it was precisely where it ought to be ; 
 and, that he had merely to retain his position, and all the power 
 and influence of the Dutch could not move him ! " All I have 
 to do," he would say, " is to retain possession : for I know the 
 Rajah with whom I have arranged for the island is the rightful 
 possessor; and let the question, as to eventual occupation or 
 abandonment, be settled at home." Time has proved the sound- 
 ness of this judgment ! 
 
NOTES. 215 
 
 Note F. Page 66. 
 
 Thus planned and governed shall it soon proclaim 
 The groiving honours of the British name ; 
 While justly reigned by our benignant code, 
 Men from around shall form their new abode. 
 
 I received the impressions, from which this prospective sketch 
 of an ideal town at Sincapore had its origin, during the first visit 
 I made to it, a few weeks after it was taken possession of. The 
 only dwellings on shore were tents and wooden sheds, while the 
 forests were in progress of being cleared away, presenting the 
 appearance of a partially mown field. Our vessel was anchored 
 in the placid bay, close to the shelving beach, while the space 
 destined to be the site of the future town, rising as it does in 
 gentle acclivity, and sweeping round like an amphitheatre, lay 
 stretched out before my eye, a vast drafting board, on which it 
 was scarcely possible to resist the temptation of sketching this 
 imaginary capital. I have not had an opportunity of learning 
 how near the actual town approximates to the ideal one ; for, 
 although I visited it twice since then, only a short interval of 
 time had elapsed ; and though the population had rapidly in- 
 creased, perhaps at a greater ratio than any modern town in the 
 world, still most of the buildings were temporary, and a different 
 arrangement was talked of. Be it what it may, I shall always 
 feel a deep interest in it, from having known it in its germ. And 
 I sincerely wish for it all prosperity ! 
 
216 NOTES. 
 
 Note G. Page 70. 
 
 - — ** Then quit the task, restrain your views 
 To what to man and science is of use ; 
 Learn, when ye scrutinize maternal soil, 
 To turn to comfort all unmeaning toil. 
 
 These lines were written more than twenty years ago. Should 
 what they imply be compared with the views developed towards 
 the conclusion of the fourth part of this same canto, written last 
 year, the difference will form no very inadequate criterion by 
 which may be estimated the mental space travelled over during 
 the intervening period. Indeed, when revising the work for 
 publication, I was induced to let them remain chiefly with a de- 
 sign to show the change that has taken place, and the mental 
 operation that must have been gone through, between the com- 
 mencement and the conclusion of this small work ! 
 
 Note H. Page 86. 
 
 But still resolved this shorter path to dare, 
 Despise these dangers, for its gains to share; 
 For reason says, and points to eastward seas> 
 "Behold your safeguard 'gainst the northern breeze /'' 
 
 This long and somewhat intricate passage, but free from hid- 
 den danger, which runs to the south of Luconia and north of 
 Mindora, and between Mendruque and Buria on the one hand, 
 and Masbate on the other; and debouches round the northern 
 head-land of Samar, was not chosen as our route, until the Cap- 
 
NOTES. 
 
 217 
 
 tain had made the most diligent inquiries of most of the men of 
 practical and nautical experience to be found at Manilla ; and 
 there were several masters of ships then in port, who traded stat- 
 edly between that and the western coasts of America. 
 
 The season for commencing such a voyage had not, I have 
 reason to suppose, been sufficiently attended to, when the expe- 
 dition was planned at first ; for though not one hour's unavoida- 
 ble delay was incurred in taking on board the Chinese portion of 
 the cargo at Manilla, the period of the Monsoon was too far ad- 
 vanced for us to attempt the northern passage ; and, therefore, 
 all who were consulted, gave it as their opinion, that the Straits 
 of Mindora and Samar offered alone any chance of success. And 
 I have still every reason to believe, that, notwithstanding the dis- 
 asters to which it conducted us, by the sudden setting in of the 
 north-east monsoon at the very juncture when we were about to 
 leave the eastern mouth of the Straits, it was the most preferable 
 route, which, under all circumstances, we could have adopted. 
 
 Note I. Pages 88, 89. 
 
 Batag's hoarse breakers on the lee ice hear 
 In concert with the gale, novo howling loud, 
 'Mongst ropes, and yards, and through each faithful shroud, 
 ***** 
 
 Kind Heaven auspicious lends a gracious ear, 
 The shoal we weather — our immediate fear* 
 
 The uncertainty of mind, and the long and anxious watchings 
 of that dreadful night I shall not easily forget ! I had recently 
 before then experienced several severe gales of wind, during the 
 voyages I had made in the China seas, but none had been attend- 
 ed with the aggravation of having a long rocky point of land 
 under our lee, with the vessel close hauled. Under these cir- 
 cumstances it may be easily imagined, that the hoarse and 
 
 19 
 
218 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 appalling noise of the breakers formed no very consoling addition 
 to the howling of the increasing storm ! 
 
 There is something, likewise, which renders the first of a series 
 of hardships the least supportable ; after one is fairly immersed in 
 danger, the mind becomes comparatively callous to suffering. 
 This peculiar feeling unavoidably occurs to me when I reflect on 
 the dark, dreary, and comfortless night passed in doubling Batag ! 
 Since then, it has been my lot to round many a mental Batag — 
 many a shoal and raging storm, in which I feared I should have 
 made a total shipwreck ; but the same merciful Providence has 
 interposed his protection, and enabled me to weather them all ! 
 and for which I am most grateful. 
 
 Note K. Page 94. 
 
 The fearful rocks we nearer still descry, 
 And hope, our latest friend, prepared to fly ; 
 But Heaven in pity saiv, and by His aid 
 It fluttered, lingered, and at length it staid, 
 Perched on JWercatofs arm his soul to cheer, 
 And taught his mind the labouring bark to veer. 
 
 The cry that arose from the main deck when the rocks were 
 first descried under the lee bow, with the mountainous billows 
 breaking against them with a sound like thunder, and rising as 
 high as the mast heads in sheets of foam, I shall never forget ! 
 
 M The rocks ! the rocks V 9 These were the words, but there 
 was a peculiarity in the tone with which they were uttered, that 
 I never heard before, have never since, and certainly would never 
 wish to hear again ! 
 
 In an instant thereafter, all was hurry and activity in getting 
 the vessel veered — then the ancfrors down — and when it was 
 found she was driving towards the bold and rocky shore, to lee- 
 ward, which w T e could dimly distinguish through the haze, 
 equal activity was employed in cutting away the masts It was 
 
NOTES. 
 
 219 
 
 shortly after this last was accomplished that the interesting little 
 incident occurred which gave origin to the idea in my mind 
 which is described in the passage — 
 
 and by His aid 
 It fluttered, lingered, and at length it staid, 
 Perched on Mercator's arm his soul to cheer, 
 And taught his mind the labouring bark to veer. 
 
 A pet dove, the only one then on board, and the property of the 
 gunner, came up the after-companion from 'tween the decks 
 where it had taken shelter during the fury of the storm, and flew, 
 or rather fluttered round the quarter deck and poop, where we 
 were all assembled, and darted down like light again below ! 
 
 It seems probable that some peculiarly acute perception of 
 atmospherical change induced this harbinger of safety to act as 
 it did : for the gale began to abate from that moment ! and hope 
 which afterwards ended in fruition, redawned in every breast. 
 
 Considering what seamen are with respect to pets of this kind, 
 I need scarcely add, that what was before only the favourite of 
 the gunner's mess, soon became that of the whole ship's company. 
 
 On reaching California, a mate was procured for it, and a cot 
 built for them in the mizen top, from whence descended, during 
 our protracted voyage, many a successive progeny in regular suc- 
 cession. Some of which, less practised than the parent doves* 
 were driven to leeward and perished in the gales we afterwards ex- 
 perienced ; but others, for aught I know, may still be inhabiting 
 the mizen top, while the vessel herself is urged along, in the 
 Southern Pacific, in pursuit of sperm whales, under the command 
 of the present owner, who was then our second officer. 
 
 And I cannot refrain from observing, en passant, that when 1 
 learnt the fact of his having purchased the ship and fitted her out 
 as a whaler, and then reverted to the character I sketched of my 
 young friend, when only nineteen years of age, I consider, I 
 formed a pretty correct estimate, from the germs then developing 
 
220 NOTES. 
 
 themselves, of what would be his after career. And when I con- 
 sider the other equally strong trait in his character, mechanical 
 ingenuity, I should not be at all surprised to learn, that he was, 
 himself, the chief planner, if not the principal operator, in trans- 
 forming the Ocean's Pride into a whaler ! 
 
 Note L. Page 98 and 106. 
 
 Till gnawed by rocks, one cable false gives way, 
 
 The recreant bark no longer stands at bay. 
 ***** 
 
 The parted cable, lightened of its load y 
 With quick volutions to recall on board. 
 
 It is still a mystery to me, how the vessel, fitted out in Calcutta 
 in an age of such improvements, should have been sent to sea 
 without chain cables, or, at all events, without one chain cable ; 
 and this feeling is augmented when I consider who then held the 
 reins of the house to which she belonged — a thorough-bred sea- 
 man himself, and amongst the most experienced ship-owners in 
 India, it might naturally have been expected that so essential a 
 requisite for safety would have been found on board, especially 
 when it is considered that coral rocks, shoals, and islands abounded 
 where she was destined to go. Many a time, whilst we were in 
 the critical situation I have attempted to describe, did I hear the 
 captain exclaim, " Oh, if I had but ninety fathoms of chain cable, 
 I would not be so worn out with fatigue and with anxiety for the 
 fate of my poor crew !" But he was not so supplied. And yet 
 the absence of this resource served to bring into bolder relief the 
 unremitting care, their disregard of toil and fatigue, and the fer- 
 tility of expedients evinced by all on board in their several sta- 
 tions. 
 
 Most probably if we had had chain cables on that trying occa- 
 sion this poem would never have been w T rit ten : I should not have 
 been called upon to state whether we had them or not ; nor of 
 
NOTES. 221 
 
 adding my expression of sincere happiness, when I consider, that 
 the chief of the house above alluded to, is still in the land of the 
 living, and safely moored secure from the ordinary storms of this 
 life, and if he chooses can answer for himself ; or, from the many 
 obligations I owe him, if he lays his commands on me, I shall be 
 most happy to resume my avocation of amanuensis, and stand 
 forth in his defence — in my next edition. 
 
 Note to Page 155* 
 
 Up ! and be doing, then, with heart and mind 
 To scatter patronage before the wind ! 
 And, all united in one solemn band, 
 From the fell monster free our native land ! 
 
 I shall purposely refrain from going into a lengthened discus- 
 sion on a subject which has occupied the attention and the pens 
 of so many able and well-informed writers. The spiritual en- 
 franchisement sought by the Evangelical party of the Church of 
 Scotland, is fraught with the principles which lie at the very bot- 
 tom of man's regeneration. This has been ful ly and clearly shown 
 by many of the writers on the subject, and will assuredly be re- 
 cognised by those who search diligently into the question : and 
 therefore for the present, I shall content myself with bringing 
 forward my own favourite apothegm, namely, That if there was 
 no patronage in the church, and no monopoly in the market, both 
 the souls and bodies of men would be better cared for, and we 
 should neither have spiritual nor temporal destitution ! — and, 
 hence, all real well-wishers of the human race should heartily 
 join in the sentiment — " No patronage in the Church ; no 
 
 MONOPOLY IN THE MARKET !" 
 
 19* 
 
222 NOTES. 
 
 Note M. Page 195. 
 
 Yet, both alike the outlines of a world, 
 When valleys sank and hills aloft were hurled 
 * * * * * 
 
 Strange yet to motion round their centre line, 
 To hill or dale, variety of clime. 
 
 When the mind, open to the influence of truth, meditates 
 upon the two great masses of knowledge which present them- 
 selves like vast fragments, evidently designed to be parts of one 
 great whole, although for the present widely apart — the one, 
 the revelation which God has been pleased to give of the crea- 
 tion — the other, the work itself, as displayed by the indefatiga- 
 ble researches of geology ; the conclusion that must be come to, is, 
 that some truth of magnitude, sufficient to fill up the mighty 
 chasm, has yet to be unfolded ; all attempts hitherto made to 
 reconcile them having proved ineffectual. The helpless, hope- 
 less mind has turned almost in despair, from too close an adhe- 
 rence to the otherwise admirable doctrine of Lord Bacon, " That 
 Nature should be asked to reveal its own secret." Nature can- 
 not answer all the questions put to it, by man, to impart a 
 thorough comprehension of its formation ; for there was a power 
 beyond nature engaged in the work ; and to the revelation of 
 that Almighty Power must we turn for an elucidation long after 
 nature has remained mute to the inquiries which a rational and 
 immortal Spirit requires to put, in order to satisfy itself regard- 
 ing the formation of that sphere, which, while it carries him 
 through space, is destined to be the footstool on which he is to 
 stand, while he adores and serves the common Creator and his 
 God! 
 
 It was in such a frame of mind as this, and with the teachable- 
 ness of a spirit that would, if it were possible, have divested 
 itself of materialism, in order to have acquired a clearer insight 
 into those wonderful secrets ; while, at the same time, a belief 
 
NOTES. 223 
 
 and admiration was entertained of the important facts brought to 
 light by geology, that I at length adopted the mental position of 
 learning with equal confidence in them both ; — here, the word of 
 God ; and there His works ! — the clear and the well-defined parts 
 of one great whole, though with a vast chasm between : — while I 
 was as equally convinced, that the truth required to unite them, 
 by filling up that space, (not by attempting so to modify these 
 two branches of knowledge as to work out a specious union be- 
 tween them but to declare that which has hitherto been wanting,) 
 would be a glorious truth ; as there would be displayed to the 
 view of the world's inhabitants a vista so grand, and so free 
 from all impediment, as to lead the admiring soul from the works 
 to the word of God, and from His word to the unhesitating con- 
 fession of His Omnipotence, and the full acknowledgment of 
 His sovereignty ! 
 
 At the same time, I wish it clearly to be understood, as a pro- 
 minent feature of the theory, whose outlines are about to be 
 given, that the non-rotation of the earth, during a lengthened 
 period, when the principal stratified masses were depositing, and 
 the changes produced on its external form when put suddenly 
 into rotatory motion, are not conceptions emanating from geolo- 
 gy, for the purpose of reconciling, however speciously, the seem- 
 ing inconsistencies of the Mosaic account, and thereby rendering 
 it less a stumbling block than it has hitherto been considered. 
 But, on the contrary, I boldly and unhesitatingly assert, that 
 without embodying the first chapter of Genesis, literally, (and by 
 no means figuratively,) and with the same scrupulous precision, 
 due to an algebraical formula, tiie formation of the earth cannot, 
 — never will be satisfactorily explained : while, the adoption of 
 the Mosaic account considered to be the expressions of Nature's 
 constitutional code, can, with the assistance of geological phe- 
 nomena, explain the whole. 
 
 And it is with the design of ushering in the dawn of this soul- 
 
224 NOTES. 
 
 satisfying theory, that I have thought fit to give, in this note, a 
 short abstract of an extended exposition, prepared for publication 
 on a former occasion ; and, therefore, if the reader will accom- 
 pany me for a few minutes longer, I shall endeavour to unfold 
 such leading points as may be necessary to impart a clear con- 
 ception of the theory. 
 
 These outlines are the following: — 
 
 1. That in the beginning, (a period altogether distinct from the 
 Mosaic week,*) God created the materials of the Heaven and the 
 earth. 
 
 2. That the earth was then altogether without its present out- 
 ward form ; or the relative position of the various portions com- 
 prising its exterior crust. 
 
 3. That the "darkness" which "reigned on the face of the 
 deep," is the Scriptural expression for attraction; and the undu- 
 latory theory of light is adopted. 
 
 4. That the earth remained in the state mentioned in this part 
 of Scripture, for a period of sufficient duration to accomplish the 
 deposition of most of the stratified masses. And although it 
 travelled round the unillumined sun, under dominion of the same 
 laws which at present govern its orbital motion, it was not as yet 
 impressed with rotatory motion, and was in form a sphere,f with- 
 out inequalities of surface, and surrounded by an atmosphereless 
 ocean of equal and moderate depth. 
 
 5. That there existed under its dark and atmosphereless waters, 
 innumerable tribes of living creatures, which had not the power 
 of locomotion, and there grew in it various kinds of herbaceous 
 plants, differing from those called into existence on the third day, 
 and of both plants and animals, under these specific laws, there 
 were several successive creations. 
 
 6. That during the protracted period of non-rotation, there 
 
 * The week described by Moses in the first chapter of Genesis, 
 t Save a slight deviation occasioned by the attractive influence of the sun and moon. 
 
NOTES. 
 
 225 
 
 were formed and forming under its dark and atmosphereless 
 waters, by the united instrumentality of mechanical deposition, 
 of chemical and electrical action, and of animal and vegetable 
 secretions and exhalations, those materials which were after- 
 wards to constitute its geological, and part of its physical phe- 
 nomena, but without occupying their present relative positions, 
 or their actual forms or combinations ; and that the ocean itself 
 was, by the deposition taking place in it, simultaneously under- 
 going due preparation for its present state of perfection, all of 
 which took place during that period alluded to in Scripture, 
 wherein it is said, that " the Spirit of God moved upon the face 
 of the waters." 
 
 7. That when these various works had attained the state most 
 conducive to the sequent operations of the Omnipotent, the light 
 was formed, on the first day of the Mosaic week, and made then 
 to occupy a distinct centre from that which it does at present. 
 
 8. That, considering light and heat to be modifications of each 
 other, and the source of the material expansive principle in na- 
 ture, and viewing the formation of the light as a new force intro- 
 duced into the material universe, its effects are considered (acting 
 tangentially) to have been the cause of the rotation of the earth, 
 the sun, and the other spheres of our system ; and that the first 
 rotation of the earth around its axis, while it caused the proto- 
 day, in time, became, from the centrifugal impetus it engendered, 
 the immediate secondary cause of the following stupendous ef- 
 fects : — 
 
 a. The upheaving of the previously prepared primary and se- 
 condary formations. The former in many instances protruding 
 through, and also raising up the latter. 
 
 b. The elevation of the great continental ridges of the world ; 
 and the depressing of corresponding hollows for the reception 
 and confinement of the primitive circumfluent ocean. And, as 
 
226 NOTES. 
 
 an immediate result of these transformations, an extension of the 
 surface of the earih. 
 
 c. The oblate figure of the earth. 
 
 d. The formation of the great intervening beds of breccia and 
 conglomerate ; and the spreading abroad in immense body of de- 
 bris which contributed to form the more recent and horizontal of 
 the secondary formations. 
 
 e. The peculiarity and conical form of mountains, and moun- 
 tain ranges. 
 
 f. The locating of animal and vegetable remains where they 
 are now found fossil. 
 
 g. A mighty rush of waters from the poles towards the equator 
 (in a semi-spiral direction,) in order to complete the figure of 
 equilibrium in the aqueous portion, which transported immense 
 bowlders, and blocks, and quantities of gravel, and much sedi- 
 mentary matter, and contributed to fill up hollows, round off ac- 
 clivities, and to form some of the most important of the horizon- 
 tal stratified formations, and likewise aided in completing the 
 figure of rotation. 
 
 h. That it caused, by friction arising from the movement inter 
 se of these immense mineral masses, the fusion and alteration ob- 
 servable at the junction of the primary and secondary rocks ; the 
 ejection of mineral dykes and veins ; and by the electrical influ- 
 ences evolved by sudden heat and friction, it caused the forma- 
 tion and arrangement of metals in the lodes or veins. 
 
 h The formation, by mechanical deposition, of the new red 
 sandstone, the oolitic, and the cretaceous groups, whose saline 
 and gypsum deposits w r ere precipitated when the waters were 
 separated by evaporation from the dry land on the third day. 
 
 And m. The peculiar position of the coal-measures (the car- 
 bonized remains of the vegetation which covered the spherical 
 earth) with respect to the new red sand-stone and other forma- 
 tions which overlie them. 
 
NOTES. 227 
 
 9. That during the second day of the Mosaic week, while the 
 waters were yet in agitation and dispersion the expansive princi- 
 ple emanating from the light, was made to combine with ele- 
 ments held in solution by the primitive waters and form the at- 
 mosphere, (the firmament of Scripture,) which thus and then re- 
 ceived its permanent expansive or repulsive nature. While the 
 disengagement of these elements from the waters was facilitated 
 by the passing of debris through the agitated waters, part of 
 which was separated, by union with the same buoyant principle, 
 from the great mass of waters ; and thereby ascending, became 
 the watery vapour of the atmosphere. 
 
 10. That on the third day, the new-formed atmosphere became 
 the agent by which the Omnipotent separated the water from the 
 level of the sea, by evaporation from off certain parts of the land 
 above that level. And in doing so, amongst other precipitations 
 there were left the salt and gypsum deposits of the new red sand- 
 stone, the oolitic, and the cretaceous formations. 
 
 11. That on the latter part of the same day, the new-formed 
 earth was empowered, by a special command from the Creator, 
 to produce the three natural classes of the vegetable kingdom, 
 each of which is designated with perfect precision, namely — 1st, 
 "Let the earth produce grass," — literally, "Let the earth send 
 forth the shooting thing which expands," the Acotyledons or Ac- 
 rogens of the natural system. 2nd, " The herb yielding seed," 
 or the Monocotyledons or Endogens. And 3rd, " The fruit-tree 
 yielding fruit, whose seed is in itself," or the Dicotyledons or Ex- 
 ogens. The remaining, and especially the aquatic plants, being 
 considered to have been willed into existence at the beginning. 
 
 12. That the light, having thus from its primitive centre ful- 
 filled all which had hitherto precluded its being fixed and consti- 
 tuted so as to communicate to the earth only a limited but con- 
 stant supply of its genial influence, was, on the fourth day, by the 
 
228 NOTES. 
 
 power of the Omnipotent, placed around the sun, which thereby, 
 in our system, became alike the centre of attraction and expansion, 
 these opposing influences travelling ever afterwards in parallel 
 lines ; while the illumination of the sun became the cause of 
 signs, seasons, days, and years, to those orbs which revolve 
 around it. 
 
 13. That all things being thus prepared for the reception of 
 the higher classes of animated beings possessing organs and fa- 
 culties of voluntary motion, on the fifth day the ocean was empow- 
 ered to produce its innumerable moving tribes which live (those 
 which have life but are immoveable having been willed into exis- 
 tence at successive creations daring the period of non-rotation) 
 and the fowls which fly above the earth in the open firmament of 
 heaven. 
 
 14. That on the first part of the sixth day the earth received a 
 similar special command, and brought forth all the remaining 
 classes, orders, &c, of the animal kingdom which possess the 
 power of locomotion. The latter part of the same day being destin- 
 ed to the formation of man, who was made after God's own image. 
 
 And 15. The seventh and last day of that eventful week was 
 blessed and sanctified by the Great Creator, who condescended, 
 by His own ineffable example, to teach our first parents how 
 they and all their descendants were to observe one day in each of 
 these assigned periods, holy, and dedicated unto Him who crea- 
 ted " the Sabbath for them," and " rested on that blessed day 
 from all the works which He had created and made." 
 
 These then are the outlines of the theory of the earth's for- 
 mation, which has for it basis its non-rotation for a long but inde- 
 finite period, and its being put suddenly into diurnal motion by 
 the introduction of light into the material universe, and it is 
 hoped that sufficient has been said to induce a thorough exami- 
 nation of the subject, for which the author is prepared with proofs 
 and data. 
 
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