Glass JE-a^- -■\ HAND-BOOK OF THE STATE of 70 f ^ ^ By E. G. WALL, Commissioner. PuWisted l)y Order oi the^oard of Immigration and Agriculture- ^^.^\BRA/^^. /JACKSp;^, \\ THE CLARIOISf STEAIvV PRINTING EOTABLISHMENT. • 1885. , ,v AUG, 6 1908 Historical Sketch OF THE DISCOVElvY AND SETTLEMENT OF IvIISSISSIPPI, WITH A BEIEF OUTLINE OF ITS HISTOEY TO THE PEESENT TIME. P N May, 1541, after landing in Florida, Hernando DeSoto peue- etrated the wilderness of the now State of Alabama and North- ern Mississippi, and discovered the Mississippi river at :i I^S* point near the northwestern corner of the State, then called the Chickasaw Bluffs, where the present city of Memphis, f,^^y%^*^l Tennessee, is situated; but after crossing the river, died in the wil- <^^>>j.- derness, now the State of Arkansas, in July, 1543. The troops of ^S^ his expedition then abandoned the country. J) In 1681, tlie Frenchman LaSalle and the Chevalier DeTonti, de- scended the Misissippi river to its mouth, from Canada, but made no settlement. In February, 1699, Iberville, (another Frenchman,) with a colony of French, occupied Ship Island, and in May following, erected a fort on the mainland, near the town of Biloxi, in Harrison county, Mississippi. He then returned to France for reinforcements, leaving his brother Sauvolle as Governor of the colony. In 1701, Sauvolle died, and another brother, Bienville, succeeded him. Upon the death of Iberville, the French government made a grant of the colony to Anthony Crozart, who surrendered it in 1717. This same year, Bienville was succeeded as Governor of the colony by L'Epinay. In September, 1617, John Law's Western Company, (the Mississippi Bubble.) or scheme, was char- tered, and Bienville reinstated as Governor. In 1724, the Company failed, and Bienville was called to France, to answer charges preferred against him. In 1726, Bienville was displaced, and Perier appointed liis successor. At this time the colony had settlements at Natchez, Pascagoula, Yazoo and St. Catha- rines. In 1734, the administration of Perier was so unfortunate that Bienville was again reinstated. In 1741, Bienville resigned, and was succeeded by the Mar- quis of Vaudreuil, who remained until appointed Governor of Canada. In 1753, Kerlevac, a French officer, succeeded Vaudreuil as Governor of the colony. February 16, 1763, by the Treaty of Paris, the colony and settlements em- braced in Mississippi were ceded to Great Britain. In the same year, Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. West Florida embraced that portion of the 4 HisTOEicAL Sketch. present State of Mississippi as far north as a line drawn due east from the mouth of the Yazoo river. In 1799, war was declared .between Great Britain and Siaain. Soon after- wards, Don Bernardo DeGalvez captured Fort Bute, Baton Rouge, and Fort Pan- mure, at Natchez, and reduced the whole country to the Spanish rule. This conquest by Spain was made under the protest of the United States. March 30, 1798, after long negotiations and ^much bloodshed, the Spanish troops evacuated the territory of Mississippi, and theyUnited States occupied the forts of Natchez and Walnut Hills, (now Vicksburg). April 7, 1798, the Congress of the United States formed the Mississippi Ter- ritory. April 24, 1802, Georgia ceded to the United States all her right to the territory. February 24, 1804, Congress passed an act creating U. S. Judicial Districts in the Mississippi Territory. March 1, 1817, Congress passed another act enabling the people in the western part of the Territory to form a State government. August 15, 1817, a convention assembled at Washington, in Adams county, Mississippi Territory. This convention framed the first constitution of the State, and gave it the name of Mississippi. Under this constitution, the State of Mississippi was organized and admitted into the Union. September 10, 1832, a second convention was convened at Jackson, Hinds county, and framed a new constitution. January 7, 1861, a third convention assembled at Jackson; and January 9, 1861, this convention passed the ordinance of secession, and Mississippi joined her other Southern sister States in the formation of the Southern Confederacy. These acts resulted in a long and bloody war between the Northern and South- ern States, culminating in the overthrow of the' Southern Confederacy and the abolishment of negro slavery in the United States of America. April 9, 1865, Gen. Richard Taylor surrendered his command, and hostilities in Mississippi ceased. June 13, 1865, Hon. W. L. Sharkey was apponted by President Andrew John- son Provisional Governor of Mississippi. August 14, 1865, a fourth convention was convened at Jackson, which declared void the ordinance of secession, and abolished slavery forever in the State of Mississippi. October 16, 1865, Gen. B. G. Humphries was elected Governor by the people, under this constitution. In March, 1867, the United States Congress enacted the Military Reconstruc- tion Law, and placed Mississippi again under military rule. February, 1868, a fifth convention assembled at Jackson and framed a new constitutiori, which was submitted to a vote of the people and defeated. July, 1868, Governor B. G. Humphreys was removed from office by bayonets, and Gen. Adelbert Ames was appointed Military Governor. A new election was ordered by Congress, and the amended constitution was adopted. November 30, 1869, under this new Constitution, James L. Alcorn was elected G-overnor, and R. C. Powers Lieutenant-Governor. Governor Alcorn, upon being elected to the United States Senate, resigned. Lieutenant-Governor R. C. Powers became Governor, by the right of his office, in 1871. November, 1873, Aaelbert Ames was elected Governor, who, upon being im- peached by the Legislature, resigned, and was succeeded as Governor by John M. Stone, President of the Senate, in 1876. HiSToiucAL Skktch. .'> Joliu ?il. stone was elected GoveruoL- November, 1877. aii-l hi-i 1 .< !i:'e ;v fnll term, to January, 1882. Robert Lowrj^ in November, 18S1, was elected Governor, ami eiiiered upon his duties January, 1882. Any reader of this outline, wishing for a more extended liistory of Missis- sippi, would do well to procure a copy of Hon. J. F. H. Clailjovne's admirable History of the State. TEKBITOKIAL GOVEENOKS OF MISSISSIPPI. Winthrop Sargent, appointed 1 7()i) W. C. C. Claiborne, appointed 1 801 Robert Williams, appointed ISOf^ David Holmes, appointed 180!) 1817 GOVERNOKS OF MISSISSIPPI. David Holmes, elected by the ]ieople in 1817 George Poindexter, elected by the people in 1820 Walter Leake, elected by the people in 1822 David Holmes, elected by the people in ] 820 Gerard G. Brandon, elected by the people in 1827 Abram M. Scott, elected by the people in January 183;J Hiram G. RunneLs, elected by the jjeople in December 1833 Charles Lynch, elected by the people in 183«) Alexander G. McNutt, elected two terms 1838 Tilghman M. Tucker 1842 Albert G. Brown, two terms 184-1 Joseph W. Matthews, November 1847 John A. Quitman, elected 1849, resigned February 3d, 1851. John I. Guion, succeeded, as President of the Senate, February 3d 1851 Henry S. Foote, elected November 1851 John J. McRae, two terms 1853 William Mc^Villie 1857 John J. Pettus, two terms 1859 Charles Clarke 1863 W. L. Sharkey, appointed PrDvisional Governor, June 1865 B. G. Humphries, elected October 1865 Gen. Adelbert Ames, appointed Military Governor, July 1868 James L. Alcorn, elected November 30 1869 R. C. Powers succeeded J. L. Alcoru, who was elected to the United States Senate, in 187G Adelbert Ames, elected November 1873 John M. Stone succeeded Adelbert Ames, who was impeached and resigned, i" 187C John M. Stone, elected November , 1877 Robert Lowry, elected November 1881 SUPEEMi; COUBT OF MISSISSIPPI. J. A. P. Campbell Chief Justice. H. H. Chalmers Associate Justice. 6 HiSTOEicAL Sketch. T. E. Cooper Associate Justic Oliver Clifton Clerk. Charles Campbell Deputy Clerk. STATE OFFICEBS OF MISSISSIPPI. Elected November 8, 1881; term of of&ce commenced January, 1882: Robert Lowry Governor. G-. D. Shands Lieutenant-Governor. W'. L, Hemingway Treasurer. Henry C. Myers Secretary of State. Sylvester Gwin Auditor. T. C. Catchings Attorney-General. J. A. Smith Superintendent of Public Education. B. G. Wall, (elected by the Legislature,) Commissioner of Immigration and Agriculture. E. M. Doherty, (apx^ointed by the Governor,) Commissioner of Swamp Lands. Mrs. M. Morancy, (elected by the Legislature,) State Librarian and Keeper of the Capitol. UNITED STATES SENATOSS. Hon. J. Z. George and L. Q. C. Lamar. MEMBEKS OF CONGBESS. *John M. Allen, 1st District. O. R. Singleton, 5th District. *J. B. Morgan, 2d District. H. S. Van Eaton, 6th District. *T. C. Catchings, 3d District. E. Barksdale, 7th District. "T. Barry, 4th District. * Elected November, 1884. CIE( GKAPHirAL, (iKOLOGICAL ^ TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF MISSISSIPPI. ?^m^' HE State of Mississippi is bounded on the north by Tennessee, on the east by Alabama, on the south by the Gulf of Mexico and part of Louisiana, and on the west by the Mississippi river, which flows along its whole western border. NuuTU-EASTERN piuiiUE KEUioN. (See Mai).) This re.^'ion comprises the counties, or parts of counties, of east Tip- pah, Alcorn, Tishomingo, Itawamba, east Pontotoc, Union, Lee, east (Ihickasaw, Monroe, Lowndes, east Oktibbeha, Clay, Noxubee and north- east Kemper. The name given to the above group of counties must not be understood as implying that the whole, or even the greater part of the area, is of a prairie character, but only as including all that part of northeast Missis- sippi in which prairies do occur, more or less. The greater portion of Lee, Monroe, Lowndes, Clay and Noxubee counties have a fine prairie soil, under- laid with rotten limestone, aivd is rich and productive, greatly resembling the prairie country in Illinois. During the war "between the States, this region was called the " Egypt," or granary of the South. Coiton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, clover, sorghum, and the various grasses grow luxuriantly and yield remunerative crops. It could be made a splendid stock- raising section of the State. Peaches, pears, apples, and the various small fruits grow in great perfection, and vegetables of all kinds are raised with very little trouble. The Mobile & Ohio railway runs from south to north through this portion of the State, with branch roads to Starkville, Columbus and Aberdeen, thus affording fine rail- road facilities. The trees upon the uplands of this region are post, white, red and black oaks, hickory, elm, walnut, mulberry, etc. The bottom lands are heavily timbered with white, over-cup and water oaks, hickory, walnut, ash. sweet gum, red gum, holly, poplar, maple and cypress. This is one of the most desirable portions lOf the State. THE YELLOW LOAM REGION. (See Map.) This region comprises the greater portion of Tishomingo, Itawamba, Alcorn, 8 The Flatwoods Region. Prentiss, Union, Benton, Tippah, Marshall, Tate, DeSoto, Panola, Lafayette^ Calhoun, Yalobusha, Tallahatchie, Grenada, Montgomery, Carroll, Choctaw, Webster, Attala, Winston, Leake, east Holuaes, east Yazoo, north Madison, and the northern part of Kemper, Lauderdale, Newton, Scott, and Eankin counties. The soil consists of a brownish, yellow loam, underlaid generally by orange sand, or a red hard-pan. The fertility of the soil depends upon the thickness of the stratum of loam, which varies from a few inches to several feet, but gen- erally it is from three to four feet in depth on good lands. Throughout this vast territory there are very wide and rich creek and river bottoms, easily cultivated, which produce from thirty to forty bushels of corn, or a bale of cotton per acre, while the best uplands will average a half bale of cotton, or fifteen to twenty bushels of corn per acre. The bottom lands of this region have a heavy growth of white, overcup and water oaks, hickory, walnut, mulberry, sassafras, ash, poplar, red gum, sweet gum, holly, maple and cy- press. The best ridge and table lands are clothed with black, Spanish, red, post and white oaks, hickory, gum, dogwood, walnut and chestnut, in many sections mixed with short-leaf pine ; while the poorer and higher sandy hills and ridges are covered with a growth of short-leaf pine in some localities, in others with a dense growth of blackjack and scrub oaks. Either of the growths alone indi- cates a soil too thin and poor for farming purposes. The short-leaf pine, pop- lar and cypress make excellent lumber for building houses and fences. The soil of this large portion of the State is well adapted to the production of cotton, corn, oats, wheat, sorghum cane, peas, grasses of various kinds, veg- etables of all kinds, fruits in great variety, and for stock raising. Marls of superior quality have been found in most of the counties in this region. Lignite has been discovered in nearly every county in this portion of the State, and recently coal has been found in Winston, Choctaw and other coun- ties; but at this writing it is not known whether it is in sufficient quantities or beds to be worked with i^rofit. THE ILATWOODS EEGiON. (See Map.) Comprising small parts of the counties of Tippah, Union, Pontotoc, Calhoun, Choctaw, Oktibbeha, Winston, Noxubee and Kemper. The level lands', tim- bered chiefly with post oak, often accompanied by blackjack and short leaf pine, popularly styled the "Flatwoods," form # narrow belt, which borders on the west, the Northeastern Prairie Region. The usual width of the Flatwoods proper is from three to six miles. In some sections, the bordering hills en- cror.ch upon them, so as to greatly reduce the width; in others, the hills recede so far as to enclose between them a level tract of ten or twelve miles. Com- mencing at the north, on the southern bank of Tippah creek, in Tippah county, the Flatwoods run in a slightly southeasterly direction, and from the southwest corner of Chickasaw county, the bearing is S. S. E., in the direction of De- Kalb, in Kemper county, where the Succarnoche river may be considered their southern limit, for beyond, they gradually lose their character and pass into the common yellow loam uj)lands. The soil of the Flatwoods is generally of a stiff joint clay, hard to cultivate and not productive. The land is valuable principally for its timber growth of post oak, which makes good cross-ties for railroads. Centbal Peaibie and Long Leaf Pine Regions. 9 THE OENTEAL PBAIKIE EEGiON. (See Map.) Ill this region will be embraced south Madison, Hinds, south Leake, Rankin, Scott, north Smith, Newton, Jasper, Lauderdale and Clarke counties. The forest trees of this region are the white, red, black and post oaks, hick- ory, poplar, with an undergrowth of dogwood, buckeye, crab-apple, black and red haws, etc. When we cross Pearl river, in the southern part of Rankin and Smith, and the other counties, to the Alabama line, tlie pine timber predominates, and the land is thinner; but with a little fertilizing produces excellent crops. A large portion of the countiea of Hinds, Madison and Rankin have beds of limestone, and the central section, from the Mississippi river to the Alabama line, have extensive beds of the best marl. These beds of marl have been worked to some extent in Hinds and Clarke counties, and will eventually become of great value to the farming interests of the State. The soil of this region is generally fertile, and produces line crops of cotton, corn, oats, peas, and sugar and sorghum cane. All the grasses grow well, and yield heavy crops. All kinds of vegetables and fruits do well, and it seems to be the home of the peach and strawberry. THE LONG LEAF, OB ■JELLOW PINE BEGION. (See Map.) This region includes the southern i^arts of Hinds, Rankin, Smith, Scott, Jasper and Lauderdale, and the whole of the counties of Clarke, AVayne, Perry, Greene, Jones, Marion, Lawrence, Lincoln, Pike, and the greater portions of Amite, Franklin, with the noi-thern parts of Hancock, Harrison and Jackson counties. The immense pine forests of this region of the best heart-pine, are of great commercial value, and are being rapidly purchased by capitalists. JThe New Orleans & Northeastern Railroad, connects New Orleans, La., with Meridian, Miss., and runs for a distince of 160 miles through the center of this immense forest of pine timber. While the greater portion of the soil in this vast pine region is of a light and sandy character, yet much of it is very productive and is easily culti- vated, producing fine crops of sugar cane, corn, field peas, sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, upland rice. Sea Island Cotton, on the Gulf Coast, and cotton in the northern counties. Vegetables and fruits of all kinds grow in great abun- dance. All the bays, creeks, and rivers of the Gulf Coast counties abound in the finest oysters and fish; and oranges, figs, grapes, peaches and melons are grown in great perfection, to supply the home and New Orleans markets. The Mo-, bile & New Orleans Railroad affords fine facilities for transportation. THE GBEAT MISSISSIPPI DELTA OB BASIN. (See Map.) This vast region, comprising over 4,000,000 acres of laud, lies between the Mississippi river on the west, and the Yazoo river and its tributaries on the east. The counties of Issaquena, Washington, Bolivar, Quitman, Tunica, Sun- flower, Leflore, Sharkey, lie entirely in the bottom, and the north part of War- ren, the west part of Yazoo, Holmes, Carroll, Grenada, Tallahatchie, Panola, Tate and DeSoto extend into this fertile delta. The soil is a rich, dark alluvium, deposited by the overflow of the Missis- 10 Bluff Foemation^ — Geeen Sand Makl, Etc. sippi aud Yazoo rivers and their tributaries. These lands when above over- flow or protected by levees, produce immense crops of cotton and corn; fre- quently 2 bales of cotton and 60 to 80 bushels corn per acre. Stock, such as cattle, hogs and sheep, do remarkably well in this region, and can be raised at small cost. The timber trees of this region are vast and various, white, water, overcup oaks, ash, beech, sweet and red gum, cotton wood, hickory, poplar, black gum, willow, sycamore and elm, while the bayous and lakes are filled with gigantic cypress, towering above the other trees of the forest. These cypress brakes are of immense commercial value. If this 4,000,000 acres of land was protected from overflow by the United States government, it could be made to produce 3,000,000 bales of cotton, equal to one-half the total cotton crop of the cotton States. THE BLUFF FOEMATION OB EEGION. (See Map.) The bluff formation or cane hills, run parallel with the Mississippi and Yazoo rivers. From the mouth of the Yalobusha as we go south, these cane hills- gradually widen out; at Vicksburg the bluff formation extends east to the Big Black river, at Natchez as far east as Fayette in Jefferson county, and in Wilkinson, nearly across the county. In fact this region comprises the western hills of Leflore, Carroll, Holmes and Yazoo counties, and nearly the whole of Warren, Claiborne, Jefferson, Adams and Wilkinson counties, also a portion of the western parts of Franklin and Amite counties. Near the Mississippi river the hills are of a steep, sharp, bluff character, gradually becoming less abrupt as you go east until they become gently undulating. On the Big Black, Bayou Pierre, Homochitto and other rivers and creeks in this region, there are large areas of rich bottom lands, almost equal in fertility to the Mississippi river bottom. The soil of the bluff region is composed of a brownish loam of great fertili- ty, underlaid with silt, largely mixed with small sea shells. The virgin forests of these hills are trees of immense size and great variety. White, red and black oaks, poplar, walnut, beech, elm, hickory and magnolia, are the princi- pal kinds, with a thick undergrowth of switch-cane, hence the name of "Cane Hills." This region is rated at the head of uplands in point of fertility and for farming purposes. From its being well adapted to the growth of grasses and its abundance of switch-cane for winter pasturage, it is one of the finest sections of the State for stock raising. For fruit culture there is no country that surpasses it. Fine crops of cotton, corn, oats, hay, sorghum, sugar-cane, with all the different kinds of garden vegetables, grow in great abunda;nce. Mississippi abounds in vast natural resources which await development. It is a country where but few are very wealthy and where pauperism is almost unknown. With its fertile soil, equable climatp, great manufacturing advantages and immense forests of every kind of valuable timber, it needs only capital, skilled labor, intelligent and energetic farmer immigrants to make her one of the most prosperous States in the Union. GBEEN SAND MARL, SHELL MAEL, LIMESTONE AND EOTTON LIMESTONE. (See Map.) Green sand marl, shell marl, limestone and rotton limestone are to be found Population— Ageicultukai Peodtjots. 1^ in nearly every county in the State. The vast beds of limestone and marls can reutiUz'ed in enriching the exhausted lands and keeping the other lands m a fertile condition. o-^nfi. The marl beds in Hinds county near Jackson, and at Byram, ten mdes south of Jackson, have been opened and the marl used to a ^^'^f ^^^^J^^^^^f;^*' "' al.o the beds in Clarke and Lauderdale counties. The analysis of these marls proves them to be of great agricultural value. THE AREA OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI- The area of the State of Mississippi is 47,156 square miles, or 30,179,840 acres, of which 13,813,000 acres are divided into farms as follows: Year.' No. of Farms. No. of Acres. In cultivation. ^^^vm!"^ I860 42 840 1.5.840.000 5,065,000 370 i870 68 023 13,129,000 4,209,000 193 1880 75:265 13',813,000 4,895,000 185 From the above table it will be seen that in 1860, 5,065,000 acres of land were in cultivation, and in 1880, 4,895,000 acres, or nearly as much as in 18bO, which proves conclusively that the farmers of our State are gradually recover- ing from the disasters of a four years war. THE POPULATION OF MISSISSIPPI. The population of the State, from the United States census of 1870, was 827 9''2- and from the United States census of 1880, we find the population to be' 1,131,592, an increase of 303,670 in ten years, or about 37 per cent. Of this population the whites have 479,371 and the colored people 6.,. 2.1. The colored people increased from natural causes and immigration over 40 per '''These stubborn facts ought to set at rest forever, the charges so extensively circulated against the white people of our State, viz: "that they oppress and endeavor to exterminate the colored people." We allude to these facts, not for any political purpose, but to correct errors and misstatements, that are prov- ing of incalculable injury to the cause of immigration and to the prosperity of Mississippi. \ AGRIOULTUEAL PEODUCTS OF MISSISSIPPI. From the U. S. Census of 1870. U- »• Census of 1880. Value of live stock of all kinds $29,940,000 ^!!'!!!'o^^ Corn, bushels . Oats, bushels . 15,658,000 21,340,800 314,000 1,959,620 , , 97a. finn 218,890 Wheat, bushels //4,uuu ^ , , 14. KOO 5,lo4 Rye,bushel3 1*'^"" ' Barley, bushels ^'^'^ ' Molasses, gallons v 15.,iW ,1 Afio Tobacco, pounds Not known ^lo^i _ ^, q74 627 1,718,951 Rice, pounds d/4,o./ c^ 808 , , KR4. nno 9o6,!5Uo Cotton, bales 5b4:,uuu 12 Manufactubing — United States and State Lands. It will be seen from the above table, that Mississippi is still the first State in. cotton production, having made in 1879-1880, 955,808 bales, whilst the second place is given to Texas, with her 808,000 bales; or a difference of 147,800 in favor of Mississippi. Of this immense cotton crop, white labor made 328,568 bales, and colored labor 627,240 bales. The whites produced a little over one- third of the total crop, which shows that the white people can and do labor in our own climate — a fact that seems to be doubted outside of the limits of our own State. Peace and quietness must reign in a country where such enormous cotton crops are produced; another proof that the colored laborers are not bull-dozed and oppressed in Mississippi. manufactubing in MISSISSIPPI. From the U. S. Census of 1870. U. S. Census of 1880. Number of Manufactories 1,731 2,331 Number of hands employed 5,941 7,845 Capital invested |4,501,714 $6,725,520 Wages paid 4,547,428 6,274,630 Value of manufactured productions . 8,154,758 12,352,475 The principal articles manufactured are lumber, cotton and woolen goods, cotton yarns, cotton-seed oil, agricultural implements, wagons, brick, iron cast- ing and machinery. The facilities for water and steam power in various por- tions of the State are great, and are distributed advantageously. Many capitalists from the North, and Europe, are alive to these great advan- tages, and are now, and have been for some time, prospecting to find favora- ble locations. There is in fact, a manufacturing and railroad "boom" in Mis- sissippi at the X3resent time, and we have no doubt our manufactured produc- tions will be more than doubled in the next five years. It is evident to any unbiased mind that Mississippi is making great progress in manufactures. united states lands in MISSISSIPPI. (See Map.) The United States Government still holds for sale, or to homestead, about 3,000,000 acres of land in the State of Mississippi. This land lies mostly in the Long-leaf Pine Region, extending from the Vicksburg and Meridian Rail- road, south to the Gulf of Mexico. These lands are covered with valuable heart pine timber, and can be purchased at the government price, $1.25 per acre, or can be entered as a homestead. Immigrants and others can take advantage of the Homestead Act, and secure land at the following rates : For forty acres will have to pay cash $ 6 00 For eighty acres will have to pay cash 7 00 For one hundred and twenty acres will have to pay cash 14 00 ¥6r one hundred and sixty acres will have to pay cash 15 00 The title is perfected by living on and improving the land for five years. For information about these United States lands, address Hon. Richard 0. Kerr, Register of United States Lands, Jackson, Hinds county, Mississippi. STATE LANDS. (See Map.) The State of Mississippi still holds for sale about 34,000 acres of the Chick- Timber Land — Pine Supply. 1^ asaw School Lands, at $6 per acre, and 22,000 acres of Internal Improvement Lands at 50 cents per acre. For further information as to these lands, address Hon. P. M. Doherty, State Commissioner of Lands, Jackson, Mississippi. In the past two years, about 1,300,000 acres of levee, swamp snd overflowed lands have been sold by the Levee Board and State Commissioner of Lands. Most of the lands were purchased by parties from beyond the limits of the State. During the same time, the Register of the United States Land Office, at Jackson, Mississippi, sold in our State about 500,000 acres of Government lauds. These large sales of lands in Mississippi prove conclusively that capi- talists have confidence in our State government, and in the improvement and pros^ierity of the State. STATE LANDS HELD BY THE AUDITOK OF PUBLIC AOOOUNT.S. The Auditor of Public Accounts has on his books about 750,000 acres of lands that have been forfeited for taxes. These lands can be purchased at very low figures, and when the sales have been made according to law, the Supreme Court of the State has decided that the titles are good. For further informa- tion in regard to these lands, address Hon. S. Gwin, Auditor, Jackson, Hinds county, Mississippi. The lands of the State are generally fertile, well watered and heavily tim- bered. The uplands are varied by hills, valleys, plains, creek and river bot- toms and prairies. The alluvial lauds of the Mississippi, Yazoo and other river bottoms, though subject to overflow occasionally, are very rich, and where protected by levees and reclaimed by drainage, produce enormous crops of cotton and corn. TIMBER LANDS AND THE PINE SUPPLY OF MISSISSIPPI. We take from the United States census of 1880 the following report of the pine and timber supply in Mississippi. Her vast area of timber lands is su- perior to any other State in the Union. LONG-LEAVED PINE. {Pinus AusiruUs). (See Map.) ;Standing pine in the region west of Pearl river, tributary to the Chicago, St. Louis & New Orleans Railroad. No. of feet board measure 6,800,000,000 East of Pearl river. No. of feet, board measure 7,600,000,000 Region of mixed growth, exclusive of 200,000 acres injured by the manufacture of turpentine 3,800,000,000 Total 18,200,000,000 Cut for the census year, ending May 31, 1880 108,000,000 In this statement no account, is made of the small timbet standing on some 2,912,000 acres which have been cut over, and from which the merchantable pine has been practically removed. The region of mixed growth, which ad- joins the pine belt on the north, contains a smaller number of pine trees per .acre, than the pine belt proper, but the individual trees are larger, the average 14 Climate, Etc. — Railroads Completed. amount of standing pine, per acre, is greater, althoi]gh generally of poorer quality. SHOBT-LEATED PINE. {Pinus MItix). (See Map.) Standing pine in the Northeastern belt, board measure 1,600,000,000 Standing pine in the Northern region of mixed growth 5,175,000,000 Total 6,775,000,000 It will be seen that the above statement only embraces the pine timber, and when we take into consideration the vast area that is covered with cypress, oak, hickory, walnut, poplar, sweet and red gum, etc., it must be conceded we have one of the best timbered States in the Union. THE CLIMATE, EAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE IN MISSISSIPPI. The territory of Mississippi extends north from the Gulf of Mexico about five degrees of latitude to the Tennessee line. The summers are long and warm, but rarely reach the extreme heat felt in the Northern and Northwest- ern States; the thermometer seldom exceeds 95° (F.) during the warmest months in summer, or falls below 25° (F.) in winter. During the summer, the evenings and nights are pleasantly cool, in consequence of the never failing breeze from the Gulf. The winters are short and mild, ice seldom forms more than an inch in thickness, in the northern portion of the State, and in the southern part, killing frosts rarely occur. The climate is a happy medium, where the products of the North and Soath meet, grow and matare in har- mony. No country is more regularly and better irrigated by rainfalls than our State, as will be seen by the following table of comparison, taken from the United States census. ANNUAL EAINFALL IN DIFEEBENT STATES, AS COMPAKED WITH MISSISSIPPI. Kansas ^ Texas v 20 to 32 inches per annum. Indian Territory ) Maine ^ New York | Virginia J>32 to 46 inches per annum. Ohio I Indiana J Tennessee } ac ^ kc ■ u Kentucky \ ^^ *° ^^ ^"^"^^^ P^^' ^°""™- North half of j Mississippi. [ 48 to 58 inches per annum. Arkansas ) South half of ^ Mississippi. >■ 68 inches per annum. Louisiana ) RAILROADS COMPLETED, UNDER CONSTRUCTION, AND PRO- JECTED IN MISSISSIPPI. The Mobile & Ohio Railway (See Map,) enters the State at the southeastern Railboads Completed. 15 corner of Wayne county and runs through the eastern tier of counties 253 miles almost due north to the Tennessee line. Thi=' road has branches from Artesia to Columbus, 18 miles; from Artesia to Starkville, 12 miles; and Aberdeen Junction to Aberdeen, Miss., 11 miles; all affording transporta- tion to rich and imi:)ortant portions of our own State. This road still owns 700,000 acres of land in Mississippi, lying adjacent or within 20 miles of the line, which will be sold at a reasonable price and upon good terms. For further information about these lands, address Land Department M. & 0. Railroad, Mobile, Alabama. ' The ViCKSEUHG & Mekidian Raileoad runs from Vicksburg, on the bank of the Mississippi river, almost due east, for a distance of 143 miles, to the Ala- bama line. It is now the property of the Erlanger Syndicate, and forms a link in the great Texas Pacific railroad system. This company owns and has for sale about 250,000 acres of land adjacent to the line, or within 15 miles of it. These lauds can be purchased at small price, and on reasonable terras, by ap- plying to the Land Agent of the Vicksburg & Meridi.-.n railroad, at Vicksburg, Warren county, Mississippi. The Illinois Centeal Railway enters the State at Osyka, in Pike county, and runs almost due north, 300 miles, to the Tennessee line, thence through Ten- nessee and Kentucky, to Cairo, at the mouth of the Ohio river, thence to Chi- cago, St. liouis and other points in the Western and Northern States. This road has completed in the past two years a branch from Kosciusko, Miss., to Aberdeen, Miss. The Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad, from Jackson to Ya- zoo City, completed within the last two years, was materiallj' aided by the Illinois Central, and is an important feeder thereto. These two roads penetrate a splendid agricultural country. This enterprising Company has a corps of engineers in the field, surveying a road, along the foot of the hills, from Yazoo City, Miss., to Memphis, Tenn., making a direct connection between Memphis and New Orleans, La. The road will develop some of the finest timber and cotton lands in the State. This road has also purchased and operates the West and East Road, from Lexington to Durant, Holmes county. This road was the first to reduce the regular passenger fare to 3 cents per MILE, and immigrant rates to one and one-half cents per mile. The Presi- dent and General Manager promise to do everything in their power to encourage immigration to the State. The Mississippi & Tennessee Railway runs from Grenada, Mississippi, on the Illinois Central Railroad, to Memphis, Tennessee, through a very fertila and productive country, a distance of 100 miles. It is operated in connection with the Louisville, New Orleans & Texas Railroad. The Louisville & Nashville Railway runs along the Gulf Coast, in our State, from New Orleans, Louisiana, to Mobile, Alabama, affording fine trans- portation facilities for the Gulf-Coast counties in our State, for fruits, melons, lumber, fish, oysters, etc., to the New Orleans and Mobile markets. This road is making every effort to build up the counties and towns along the line, by ex- tending low excursion rates and by opening up health resorts and sea-bathing for visitors. This road makes the Gulf Coast one of the most desirable por- tions of Mississippi. The New Orleans & Northeastern Railroad has been completed from the city of New Orleans to Meridian, Miss., and is fast developing one of the finest 16 Railboads Completed. timber regions in the State. This railroad runs diagonally, for IGO miles across the southern portion of the State, and already towns and villages have sprung, as if by magic, into existence along the line. It is fast building up an immense local as well as through traffic. The Louisville, New Obleans & Texas Hailkoad is completed from New Orleans, La., to Memphis, Tenn. This railroad enters the State in the south- western- portion of Wilkinson county, touches A.mite, runs through Franklin, Jefferson, Claiborne, Warren, Issaquena, Sharkey, Washington, Bolivar, Coa- homa and Tunica counties, a distance of 325 nailes in our State, opening up several million acres of the finest cotton and timber land in the world. This railroad is now in full operation, and is fast building up towns along the line and developing the western portion of our State. The contract has been let out for a branch from Leland, in AVashington CDunty, to a point on the Missis- sippi river opposite Arkansas City, in Arkansas, making connection with rail- roads in that State. The Natchez, Jackson & Columbus, Narrow-Guage Railway, is now com- pleted from Natchez, on the Mississippi river, to Jackson, the Capital of State, one hundred miles. This road runs through and opens up a tine farmii;g and stock-raising region, and will afford transportation to a vast amount of lumber that will be sawed from the fine forests of best timber trees along the line. The Geoegia Pacific Railway extends from Atlanta, Georgia, via Birming- ham, Ala., to Columbus, Miss., and will be extended to the enterprising town of Greenville, on the east bank of the Mississippi river, and will connect with the Texas system of roads at some point in Arkansas. The western branch of the road is in operation from Greenville, in Washington county, to Johnson- ville, in Sunflower county. Miss., affording transportation to a large area of the best alluvial lands in the Mississippi bottom. The road, when completed, will run for 150 miles through well timbered, fertile and mineral lands, affording railroad transportion to a large portion of our State heretofore cut off from the rest of the world. The Memphis, Selma & Beunswick Raileoad has been graded, and partly ironed, as far as Holly Springs. This road will open up and afford railroad facilities to a fine region of country in the northern portion of our State. The Ripley & Ship Island Raileoad, narrow-guage, now in operation from Middleton, on the Memphis & Charleston Railroad, to Ripley, in Tippah county, Mississippi, ought, and it is thought, will be extended through the cen- ter of the State to Mississippi City, on the Gulf of Mexico. It will then afford transportation and develop a large portion of our State, now entirely cut off frojn all railroad facilities. The Gulf & Ship Island Raileoad is being surveyed, and it is thought that Congress will re-grant the public lands donated, before the war, in aid of its construction. It will run from the Gulf Coast through the centre of the State of Mississippi, to the Tennessee line. The West & East Raileoad, from Durant, on the Illinois Central Railroad, to Lexington, Holmes county, Mississippi, has been completed and affords rail- road facilities to the fine and fertile lands in the western part of Holmes county, Mississippi. The KosoiusKO Beanch of the Illinois Centkal Raileoad, from Durant to Kosciusko, the county seat of Attala county, Mississippi. This branch affords Education in Mississippi. 17 transportation to a fine section of country, and has recently been extended via Louisville, Winston county, and West Point, Clay county, to Aberdeen, iu Monroe county. The WooDViLLE & Bayou Saba Railkoad exteuus from Bayou Sara, ou the Mississippi river, 'to AVoodville. in Wilkinson county, affording railroad trans- portation to a fine portion of southern Mississippi. The Mobile & Nokthwestern Railroad, now completed from Glendale, Coa- homa county, on the Mississippi, to Clarksdale, Coahoma county, affords rail- road facilities to some of the best alluvial cotton lands in the world. » Several more railroads were chartered at the last session of the Legislature of our State. In 1883 there were more miles of railroad constructed in the State of Mississijipi than- in any other State of the Union, in same year. With the railroad facilities now in existence, and the roads to be constructed, our State will be crossed and recrossed by railwaj's, which must, in the near future, add greatly to the development of her vast resources. By a general law passed by the Legislature in 1882, all railroads hereafter .constructed iu the State will be exempt from taxation for ten (10) years. EDUCATION IN MISSISSIPPI. Many are deterred from purchasing homes and settling in Mississippi, from the mistaken impression that has gone abroad that the people of our State pay little or no attention to the education of their children. Let the facts, taken from the United States Census, speak for themselves. In the year l880, .$830,704 were expended on the Free Schools in Mississippi. Year. No. of Schools. No. of Teachers. No. of Pupils. 1860 1,298 1,695 39,800 1870 1,564 1,728 43,451 1880 5,024 5,569 246,654 Educable children in the State, white 175,251 Educable children in the State, colored 251,438 Total number of educable children in 1880 426,689 In addition to the above, the State had 969 private schools; and for advanced students of both races the following: The University of Mississippi, at Oxford, iu Lafayette county, Mississippi, for white students. Tuition free to all except for the Law School, which requires a fee of $50 to enter. The University is in a prosperous condition, with an annual attendance of over 300 students. The Agricultural and Mechanical College, at Starkville, Oktibbeha countj', Mississippi, for white students. Tuition free. Many of the pupils pay their board, in part, by working on the College farm. All the students are required to work, and learn farming practically. Average annual attendance about 300 supported almost entirely by the State. An " Industrial Institute and College for the Education of White Girls iu the Arts and Sciences," has been established at Columbus, and will be open for the reception of students in the fall of 1885. The Legislature appropriated $20,000 per year for 1884 and 1885, and the city of Columbus donated school buildings and cash equivalent in value to ninety thousand dollars. 2 18 Taxation in Mississippi. The Alcorn University, and A. & M. College, for colored students, at Oakland, Claiborne county, Mississippi. Tuition free. Average attendance about 125. The College is almost entirely supported by the State. At this University, the colored boy who wishes to pursue the advanced studies, can obtain a higher education than in the common schools, and prepare himself for teaching, or other professions. The Tougaloo University, for colored students of both sexes, at Tougaloo, Hinds county, Mississippi. This school was established by some benevolent people of the North, and the Legislature of the State gives it an annual appro- priation of .|3,000. Average aniraal attendauce of about 150 students. Tuition free. The State Normal School, for colored students, at Holly Springs, Marshall county, Mississippi, receives from the State an annual appropriation of f 3,500. This school is intended to x^rejDare colored students for teachers in the common and other schools of the State. It is generally very well attended. A College for colored females is being established by the American Baptist Home Mission Society, near Jackson, about midway between the Blind and Lunatic Asylums. The buildings will be large and elegant, and the institution will be a valuable addition to the other excellent institutions in the State for the higher education of the colored youth. The Shaw University, at Holly Springs, Mississippi, for colored students. This school receives no State aid, but is doing good work in educating the col- ored portion of our people. Now, in view of the above facts, and when we take into consideration that nine-tenths of the taxes necessary to support the free schools are derived from levies upon the white people, we affirm that no people on the face of the earth are doing more to educate and elevate the ignorant classes than the white peo- ple of the much slandered and abused State of Mississippi. We have excellent Colleges at Clinton, Brookhaven, Daleville, Oxford, Grenada, Holly Springs, Pontotoc, CarroUton, Kosciusko, Blue Mountain, Verona, Columbus, Starkville, Macon, Meridian, etc., and good high and graded schools in every city, town and village in the State. Come among us, and you will find a good education is appreciated as highly in Mississippi as in any other State in the Union. TAXATION IN MISSISSIPPL The State tax, by the Legislature of 1882, was fixed at 23^ mills, including the tax to pay principal and interest on the State bonds. " The payable debt of State over and above her present means to pay," on the 1st January, 1884, was $331,725.06; but this debt consists in interest-bearing bonds, which will be promptly met as they mature. The boards of supervisors of the different counties in the State are prohibited from levying taxes which, added to the State tax, will exceed |12.50 on the $1,000 for county and school purposes, ex- cept in some few counties, where, to meet outstanding indebtedness, they have been allowed to levy a tax, not in any case to exceed |15 to the |1,000. EXEMPTION LAWS IN MISSISSIPPI. ■ " There is exempt from seizure or sale, under execution or attachment, in Cotton and Woolen Faotoeies. 1^ favor of each head of a family, or housekeeper, in this State, the following property, to-wit: Two work-horses or mules, or one yoke of oxen, two cows and calves, five head of stock hogs, and five sheep, one hundred and fifty bush- els of corn, ten bushels of wheat or rice, two hundred pounds of pork or bacon or other meat, one cart or wagon not to exceed one hundred dollars in value, household and kitchen furniture, to be selected by the debtor, not to exceed one hundred dollars in value, three hundred bundles of fodder, one sewing maciiine. and all colts under three years old, raised in this State by the debtor, and the wages of every laborer or mechanic, to the amount of one hundred dollars. The following property is likewise exempt, in the hands of the persons named, viz.: The tools of a mechanic necessary in carrying on his trade; the agricul- tural implements of a farmer necessary for two male laborers; the implemenfs of a laborer necessary in his usual employment; the books of a student required for the completion of his education; the wearing apparel of every person; the libraries of licensed attorneys-at-law, practicing physicians and ministers of the gospel, not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars in value; also the in- struments of surgeons and dentists, used in their profession, not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars in value; the arms and accoutrements of each person of the militia of the State: and all globes, books and maps used by teachers of schools, academies and colleges. That every citizen of this State, male or female, being a householder and having a family, shall be entitled to hold ex- empt from seizure or sale, under execution or attachment, the land and build- ings owned and occupied as a residence by such debtor; provided the quantity of°land shall not exceed IGO acres, nor the value thereof, inclusive of improve- ments, the sum of (!i;2,000) two thousand dollars." PROPEHTY EXEMPT FROM TAXATION IN MISSISSIPPI. Wearing apparel, (not including watches or jewelry,) provision necessary for family consumption, adl produce raised in the State and in the hands of the producer, all dogs, (except when the board of supervisors impose a tax for county purposes,) one gun kept for private use, all poultry, household and kitchen furniture, not to exceed ^250 in value, two cows and calves, ten head of hogs, ten head of sheep or goats, all colts foaled in the State and under three years old, farming implements used for agricultural purposes, tools of me- chanic necessary for carrying on his trade, libraries of all persons, pictures and works of art not kept or offered for sale as merch ludiss, and all property of agricultural or mechanical associations and fairs, used for promoting their objects. COTTON AND WOOLEN FACTORIES IN MISSISSIPPI. The Mississippi Mills, manufacturers of cotton and woolen goods, are located at Wesson, Copiah county. Miss., 138 miles from New Orleans, on the Illinois Central Railroad. These Mills commenced operation during the years 1S74-1S73, a:id have reg- ularly invested their earnings in permanent improvements — not a dollar of the profits having been withdrawn by the stockholders. The supervision of tie Mills is in the hands of Capt. Wm. Oliver, Secretary and Treasurer, whi'e Col. E.Richardson, of New Orleans, La., is the "main spring" and principal lever. 30 Cotton and Woolen Factoeies. The great advantage to the State of these Mills cannot be easily estimated; they turned the barren wilds of Coxjiah into an active, thriving tov/n, enaoling thousands of our poor to acquire and occupy comfortable homes. A few years prior to the establishment of this factory the lands where now stands the town of Wesson were assessed at one dollar per acre; to-day, the assessed valuation, real and personal, not including the property of the Mills, is $185,492. Schools have been organized at which the children of the operatives are educated free of charge, the entire year, and church edifices rear their s]5ires heavenward. These Mills have steadily kept pace in the race of progress and improvement. The World's Fair at Philadelphia in 1876, gave them the highest award of merit and medal; and to-day the Mississippi Mills' "Centennial Cassimeres" ■are household words among the Northern and Southern merchants. At the recent contest at Atlanta, Georgia, at the Great International Cotton Exposition, they again brought away the highest award, Diploma and Gold Medal, for the superiority of their goods. A full line of its goods may be seen at the W^orld's Exposition, New Orleans. The population of Wesson, is 2,800 to 3,000 people, all of whom are more or less connected with the Mills, and dependent thereon. The lands in the vicinity of Wesson are productive, growing finely all kinds of fruits and vegetables, while the healthfulness of the neighborhood cannot be, excelled in any portion of the State. THE NATCHEZ COTTON MILLS. The Natchez Cotton Mills — ^'a large brick structure, situated on the bluff over- looking the Mississippi^ river, at Natchez, Adams county, Mississippi. The building is three stories high, 328 feet long, 50 feet wide. The factory has 304 looms, 10,304 spindles, and a 300 horse-power Reynolds Corless Engine to operate the maclinery. Over 275 hands are employed, two-thirds of whom are women and children. Each year over 4,500 bales of cotton are manufactured into brown domestics, sheetings, shirtings, drills and osnaburgs. The demand for the goods of this cotton factory requires that it should be worked to its utmost capacity. THE KOSALIE COTTON TAKN MILL. The Sosalie Cotton Yarn Mills, also situated at Natchez, occupies an im- posing brick structure, three stories high, 170 feet long, and 50 feet wide. It operates 6,048 spindles, which are moved by a 300 horse-power engine. Sixty to one hundred hands are employed in this mill, three-fourths of whom are Tvomen and children. This mill works up annually 2,500 bales of cotton into bunch yarns and chain warps, for which there is good demand and ready sale. THE STONEWALL MANUFAOTUBING OOMPANX. The stonewall Cotton Mills were erected in 1868 — main building is 160 feet long, 54 feet wide, and two stories high — brick building with two strong biick wings, 48 feet long, 30 feet wide. Has about 6000 spindles, 36 'cards, and 108 looms; converts about 2,500 bales of cotton into brown sheetings, shirtings, drills and yarns annually. Employs 100 hands, who earn about $20,000 a year. Capital stock of company is $180,000 actually paid in. About 75 to -80 per cent, of the employees are women and children. This Factory is in Clarke county, near Enterprise, Mississippi. Cotton and Wooien Factokies. 21 the wanita cotton and wool mills. Wanita is seven miles northwest of Enterprise, Clarke county, Mississippi. The Mills own GOO acres of splendidly timbered land, about 100 acres in a fine state of cultivation. The factory has a new Turbine Water wheel, with 23 feet head of water. The main building is of wood, solidly built, two stories high ; has 1,500 spindles, 32 looms, 4 woolen looms, and full machinery necessary to operate the whole. There is sufficient room in the building and water-power in abundance to run double the machinery now in use. The mill building is heated by steam, and the facilities for dyeing cottons and wools complete. There is a store-house on the premises, and a first-class location, for a country store. Also the necessary buildings for the operatives, and a good residence for the Superintendent. All that is needed to make the Wanita Mills good pay- ing property is a small amount of capital. ulman's woolen mill. This Woolen Mill is situated at Ulmanville, near the town of Bay St. Louis, Hancock county, Mississippi. We cannot do better than to give the following sketch of this enterprise, from the able pen of Hon. J. F. H. Claiborne: "This great Woolen Mill at Ulmanville gives steady, permanent and remm- nerative employment to some 600 men, women and children. "Mr. A. A. Ulman, a young Confederate soldier, entered the service at IG and returned home after the war — commenced operation by laying off one mile square of land, fronting on the bay, within tlie corporate limits of Bay St Louis, into lots, squares and streets, which he called Ulmanville in honor of his father, an old and highly valued ctizen. He donated lots for public uses, and on one of them he has euected one of the most beautiful churches in tlie State — Grace Church — Semi-Gothic or Elizabethan in style of architecture. Ho next erected a woolen mill, after the most approved style, having first per- sonally examined all the most succcessfnl mills of this kind in the United States. He purchased the most improved machinery; but his inventive genius supplied additional and important improvements. At this factory tlie dirty, unwashed wool is purchased, cleansed, assorted, carded, spun and woven into the finest cassimeres, flannels, plaids, tweeds, jeans, shawls and blankets — goods that are all wool, and will stand a comparison with any in the world. The blankets are the iliost beautiful I have ever seen, pearly white, brilliant in the sunlight, and soft as down. Too much praise cannot be awarded to this young and enterprising capitalist. Instead of expending his ample means in empty pleasures, he is employing them to develop the resources of his State, and to give employment to the poor — and has placed himself high on the roll of pub- lic benefactors. TOCONA COTTON YAKN MILLS. These mills are situated at Water Valley, an enterprising town of 3,500 in- habitants, on the Chicago, St. Louis, and New Orleans Railroad. The capital of the ComiJany is §80,000. Number of spindles, 3,270 — cards 10 of English make. Design of the mill, the manufacture of the cotton warps, principally No. 20 yarn, with jDracticable range, from Nos. lO's to 30"s. Expect to run the mill to produce 1000 to 1200 pounds of No. 20 warp yarn daily. Fifty hands 22 Gkapes and Wine Making. required, average daily wages will be abou+. $40 when mill is fi-ill_y at work, for men, women and children — three-fourths women and children. Main building of brick, 160 by 50 feet, two stories. A picker room 37 by 34 feet is connected by a light framed passage with the main building. The large capital for the number of spindles, is intended for the purchase of raw material and for the control of the mill products. The Company expects to add 1200 to 1500 more spindles. The Company is exempt from taxation for ten years. B. W. Rom- berger, President, and D. C. Wagner Secretary and Treasurer. Postoffice Water Valley, Yalobusha county, Mississippi. THE STANSBUEY COTTON MILLS. * These mills are situated near CarroUton, Carroll county, Miss. The main building is of brick, 2}^ stories high, 320 feet long and 128 feet wide. Ma- chinery consists of one pair of Corliss & Go's steam engines, 18 inch cylinders, 42 inch stroke, 204 horse-power. Picker and card rooms complete. 1,584 spindles and 72 looms. This valuable property has been purchased by Gen. J. B. Gordon and Brothers, and will be put in full operation this fall. The Georgia Paciiic Rail- road will run, when completed, by these mills. CANTON COTTON EACTOKY. This factory is situated on the Chicago, St. Louis and New Orleans Railroad. Main building one-and-a-half stories high, and 200 by 90 feet, built substan- ' tially of bi-ick. Machinery will be run by 150 horse-power en^^ine. This fac- tory has never been run, except about two months, in making batting — two car- loads of factory machinery boxed up in the building, having never been opened. It is hoped this factory will soon be in operation. COEINTH COTTON EACTOBIES. There are two cotton factories, one in, and the other near Corinth, Alcorn county. Miss., on the line of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. The Memphis and Charleston Railroad also runs through Corinth. A better location for fac- tories could not be selected; but from some cause or other, these factories have ■ not been a success — probably a lack of capital to operate them. If an enter- prising company with capital would take these factories in charge, they could soon be made to pay a good percentage on investment. BAY SPRINGS COTTON EACTOEY AND MEECHANT ELOUE MILLS Are situated at Bay Springs, Tishomingo county. Miss. These are successful and prosperous manufacturing enterprises. All factories hereafter erected, will be exempt from taxation for the term of ten (10) years by act of the Legislature in 1882. GRAPES AND WINE MAKING IN MISSISSIPPI. Wine making bids fair to become one of the most profitable industries in Mississippi. We have been able to collect a few items in reference to grape growing and wine making in our State which may be of interest to our citizens as well as all new comers. Gkapes and Wine Making. 23 grape and wine gbowing on the gulf coast. The Concord, several varieties of Ives Seedlings, and some of the table grapes of France succeed well all along the Gulf Coast; but the native grape, the Scupf)ernong, is the iieculiar boast. It requires no j)!ii'ticular care and little or no i^runing. Plant your vine; treat it with its favorite food— a little bone- dust ashes, charcoal, vegetable mould, and sweeping from a blacksmith shop — provide two or three loads of light-wood posts and rails for arbor, and "let her rip." This vine will run as long as you will put up posts and rails, and in a few years one vine will cover half an acre of ground. It is a hardy bearer, seldom rots, hangs on the vine until it shrivels, and has no superior as a wine grape. Mr. Alfred V. Dav's, of Pass Christian, Harrison county, has eighty (80) acres of Scuppernongs, and has made, and is makfng first class still and sparkling wines on an extensive scale. The wines are growing in favor every day, and readily sell at from §1 to $!2 per gallon. Col. A. E. Lewis, of Jackson county. Miss., has a lai'ge vineyard of Scupper- nongs and is making first class wines. GRAPE GIJOWING AND WINE MAKING IN WINSTON COUNTY. L'jUisville, Winston County, ) March 27, 1882. To Maj. E. G. Wall : Dear Sir — In answer to your request I send you my experience in grape culture and wine making in Winston county, Mississippi. In 1873, M. A. Lynch, W. C. Lynch, and the writer, under the name of the Jackson Vineyard, commenced the cultivation of the grape. We planted 16 acres in the \Vhite Scuppernong, and eight acres in the different varieties of bunch grapes. Amongst the varieties were the Black Scuppernong, Flowers, Tender Pulp, Thomas, and the Sugar of the Scuppernong varieties. Also the Hartford, Ives, Concord, Delaware, Martha, Lindley, Allen's Hybrid, with several of the Rogers' Hybrids. All did well, but the White Scuppernong succeeds better than the others. The bunch grape for this locality is the Iveij* Seedling. The Scuppernong is the grape for the South. We grow the Scuppernong on scaffolds 7 feet high. We liave made wine of all the varieties; the Scuppernong and the Ives we think tlie best. AVe make a dry, sweet wine. We manured our land in preparing to plant with cow-pen scrapings, which we think the best. Our soil is a dark sand, underlaid by red clay, contain- ing the oxide of iron, a soil admirably adapted to the perfection of the grape. We honestly believe that we can grow as fine grapes in Winston county as can be grown in France, Germany or California. As for the. wine, with knowledge and superior experience, we can make as good wine as can be made anywhere. The Scuppernong is a natural sparkler, and with ease makes the best sparkling wine. The grape in this county is very productive, and its culture iirofitable, if pursued with judgment. The grape is one of the best crops to diversify with. Yours respectfully, G. C. Lynch. In addition to the above, I learn the following facts: Upon Lynch's place, when the grapes were young, he made annually about 1,200 gallons of wine, which sells rapidly at |2 per gallon, and the demand is greater than the supply. 24 Peach and Stea-wbekey Cultube. Lynch's entire vineyard is now 24 acres, and as the vines are older the produc. tion is vastly increased. Mr. A. Lynch has also a vineyard of 12 acres; his vineyard is doing finely, and is proving very profitable. John W. Perkins has a vineyard of 15 acres, and makes large quantities of wine. J. C. Holmes has also a vineyard of 16 acres in fine condition. W. B. Hut- ter has a flourishing one of 3 or 4 acres. Wm. Kinard has one of three acres. B. T. Webster has one of four acres, etc., etc. These vineyards are scattered all over the county. There are at least 400 acres in Winston county in cul- tivation of grapes, and without exception, all are doing well and proving profitable. The wine made of these grapes , has a ready sale, and the demand is 'greater than the supply; what is better, it is driving whisky from the county. A great many new vineyards are being planted annually. To Maj. E. G. Wall: Yours truly, C. Richaedson. FHUITS, AND OEANGE CULTOEE ON THE GULF COAST. "The peach, apple, plum, pomegranate, pear and fig; pecan, grapes of many varieties, strawberries, dewberries, blackberries, persimmon, mulberry, pawpaw or custard fruit," and melons of various kinds grow in great perfection, and yield abundant returns. Nearer the seashore we find in addition, the orange, lemon, citron, shaddock, jujube, almond, banana, olive, and occasionally the pine-apple The orange is just now attracting much attention. The best locality for them, it is thought, is near the water or salt marshes, with the protection of the pine forest on the north. On the high bluffs of our salt water bayous, the orange flourishes ; and we have trees on this coast in full bearing 60 years old, and no symptoms of decay. Orange trees planted in the open pine woods do well, and suffer less than elsewhere from cold. The orange, like many other plants, may be trained to endure cold weather. I prefer to give my trees a jiorthern exposure. ' They grow and flourish c n almost any soil on the coast. A little ashes, oyster shell lime, marsh mud, and an occasional mulching is all they require. They can be planted about 20 feet apart, and the orchard can be cropped with peas, potatoes, melons, or vegetables. They will bear fruit in four, five or six years — the grafted fruit, the earliest, are subject to few diseases; are very long-lived ; require less attention than any other fruit tree, and will average in full bearing, 1000 oranges to the tree. The demand is unlimited. The oranges on the coast are pronounced superior in flavor to any in the mar- ket. $10 per thousand, at the orchard, is about the average value." The above information was given by the Hon. J. P. H. Claiborne, who has lived on and known the Gulf Coast of Mississippi for many years. PEACH AND STAWBEREY CULTURE IN MISSISSIPPI. The Peach is cultivated extensively along the line of the Illinois Central Railroad, and the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, for market. There are large orchards of peaches at Summit, Hazlehurst, Crystal Springs, Terry, Jackson, Madison Station, Canton, Durant and other points on the Illinois Central Rail- road, and at Meridian and other stations on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. The markets for the fruit are, St. Louis, Chicago, Louisville, Cincinnati and New Orleans; and in good fruit seasons, immense quantities of peaches are shipped. Terry Station in Hinds county, has shipped in one year, as many as 47,000 boxes of peaches, one-third of a bushel to the box. TOPOGEAPHT OF MISSISSIPPI. 25 Strawberries are extensively cultivatea for the above markets; especially along the line of the Illinois Central Railroad. We only have space to men- tion a few of the producers and shippers: S. H. Stackhouse, Crystal Springs, Copiah county, picks and ships from about 50 acres of strawberries. He made his first shipment this season, on March I5th, 1882, to Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Hayden McKay, Madison Station, Madison county. Miss., has about 125 acres in strawberries, and made his first shipment to Chicago, Illinois, the 16th of March, 1882. Dr. John McKay, Madison Station, Madison county, Miss., ships from 70 acres, and made his first shipment the IGth of March, 1882. The strawberries from this section of the State arrive at the Chicago market so far ahead of the strawberries further north, that they command remunerative prices. Early vegetables, such as English peas, tomatoes, snap beans, etc., are grown extensivel/for the northern markets. Mr. S. H. Stackhouse having had as much as five acres in tomatoes alone. This fruit and vegetable business bids fair to be extended to very large proportions along the lines of our railroads leading to the markets of North and West. TOPOGRAPHY OF MISSISSIPPI. (See Map.) It seems to be the impression at the North and in Europe, that the surface of the State of Mississippi is level, and that it is almost a continuous swamp, from the banks of the Mississippi river to the Alabama line. How true this impression is, a glance at the elevation of the different stations on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, above tide water in Mobile Bay, and also the elevation of the stations on the Illinois Central Railroad, above the tide water at New Or- leans, La., will clearly show. The roads run from North to South through the length of the State. Station!^ on. Mobile A Ohio Railroad. Slaliom on the C, St. Louis cfc N. 0. R. R. State Line 2.">6 ^syka . . . . Wavnesboro 191 Magnolia . Quitman 2.U Summit 250 300 420 248 Brookhaven 5^*0 Enterprise ^+» lirooKuaveu -— Meridian 33« Beauregard 4-W Lockhart Summit 426 Hazlehurst .... Macon 185 Crystal Springs Brooksville 275|prerry Crawford SIG, ^Jackson ^rtesia 244 iMadison Station West Point 242;^Canton Muldon . 430 450 265 270 ',AT./if14ann Stntimi 350 Okolona 311 JVaiden Verona 307UVinona . 320 304'JDurftnt ^15 'lV.,,,^or> 355 380 Tupelo 280 Grenada -08 Baldwyn 379,|Water Valley 355 Boonville Summit 513 Oxford »»» Boonville 511 jHolly Springs ^^^ jiienzi 441 iLamar ^*"^ Corinth 443.!Grand Junction Jl^ 26 Mississippi as a Stock Countky. * At Jackson, the Capital of the State, the railroad level is 270 feet; but there are hills in and around the city that are 300 feet high — or making those points 570 feet above the tide-water at New Orleans. There are many- hills in Winston, Choctaw, and other counties, from 1,200 to 1,500 feet above the tide-water in the Gulf of Mexico. The only swamp land is in the river bot- toms. WHAT A GOOD FARMER CAN DO IN CLAIBORNE COUNTY, MISS. To Maj. E. 0. Wall : In answer to yours of the 20th March, 1882, I will say: I moved to my farm in Claiborne county, near Rocky Springs, March 9th, 1881. I hired two (2) hands for five months, and one for the year, on the shares plan. I planted 14 acres in cotton, and tied up 22 bales of cotton, averaging 450 pounds. I planted 18 acres in corn, from which I gathered 700 bushels of good corn. I cut 50 acres of Bermuda grass, and sold therefrom the surplus hay, amounting (as shown by my books,) to 275 tons of fine hay, and left the best cutting of the season uncut on the meadow. I made three cuttings over the ground during the same season. It was given up by all who saw the hay, to be the best they ever saw. ■ I had from 25 to 30 head of stock on the meadow all the time I was mowing. They did not appear to hurt it at all. Bermuda grass is the best grazing for stock in my experience with grass, and horses or mules need but little corn to do good work. I made and gathered the above crop on 50 bush- els of corn. Yours truly, Wm. M. Robertson. Hazlehttest, Miss., March 26, 1882. I know the above facts to be as stated, as the farm was near my place, and I was often there when Mr. Robertson was cultivating his crop and cutting his grass for hay. Geo. p. MoLean, Rocky Springs, Miss. Let us reduce the above statement to dollars and cents: Receipts 22 bales of cotton @ $45 $990 00 Receipts 700 bushels of corn @$1 700 00 Receipts 275 tons of hay @ $10 per ton on place . : 2,750 00 Total receipts ' $4,440 00 EXPENSES. Two hands for 5 months, wages and board $.300 00 One hand 1 year, wages and board 300 00 Eor securing hay 550 00 For teams, interest and incidentals 500 00 Total expenses $1,650 00 $1,650 00 Net receipts $2,790 00 MISSISSIPPI AS A STOCK COUNTRY. ViOKSBUBG, Miss., April 9, 1882. Your kind favor of the 7th, inquiring if this county, (Warren,) is adapted to the improved breeds of domestic animals, is received, and it gives me sincere pleasure to answer affirmatively. After several years experience in breeding and raising thoroughbred Jersey cattle, South-down sheep, Berkshire and Poland China swine, I do not hesitate to say Warren county, Mississippi, is equal, if not suj^erior, 'in some respects, to the famous blue-grass region of Labok in Mississippi — How Emploxed. 27 Kentucky. It only needs the life-giving touch of the skilled husbandman to convert the hills and valleys into gardens of Eden. If this seems romance, let us take a more i^rosy view of the subject, and judge by the stalwart poi^lars and magnolia trees. These trees are as common in Warren county hills as the pines in southeast Mississippi, and I could not cite a better evidence of the fertility of our soil. Clovers luxuriate in our soil. The Bermuda grass covers nearly all our hills and valleys, and it will pasture, acre tor acre, more stock in summer than the blue-grass lands of Kentucky. Its power to resist drouth is greater, and analysis places it pound for pound in value w^ith blue-grass. On our meadow laud as much as 3}^ tons per acre have been cut of very superior hay. My herd of Jersey cattle, yet quite young, is as promising as can be found in the United States— rather a broad assertion, but this is the opinion of good judges. The butter tests I have made, bear me out in the assertion. Romp Ogdon 2d, No. 4764, made, when five years old, 14 pounds of butter in (7) seven days. Varinella, No. 6337, made, when four years old, 3 pounds, 7 ounces of butter in (1) one day. Fall Leaf, No. 8587, made,, when (2) two years of age, 12 pounds, 15 ounces of butter in (7) seven days; test made in the mouth of November. Jersey butter, made on " Beechwood" farm, com- mands 40 cents per pound all the year round. Yours truly, W. E. Gates. To Maj. E. G. Wall. Col. Wm. B. Montgomery, of Starkville, Oktibbeha county, Mississippi, has a thoroughbred Jersey herd of cattle, numbering about 150 head. Col. Mont- gomery was the first in Mississippi to go into the business of the breeding of throughbred Jerseys, on a large scale, for the supply of the South. We are glad to say that he has met with great success, and a visit to his cattle and dairy farm in Oktibbeha county will repay the time and trouble. Col. L. Q. C. Lamar, United States Senator, of Oxford, Lafayette county, has a small, but fine herd of Jersey cows and cattle. Judge L. E. Houston, of Aberdeen, Monroe county, takes great interest in thoroughbred stock, and has a good herd of Jerseys. He is President of the Mississippi Stock Breeders' Association. (Jol. W. E. Stewart, of Ocean Springs, Jackson county, Mississippi, is a large breeder of thoroughbred Jersey cattle and Spanish Merino sheep. He is doing a large business in supplying the South with improved stock of both cattle and sheep. Capt. IMat. Mahorner, of Macon, Noxubee coimty, Mississippi, has a fine herd of improved Jersey cattle. He is proving to the people of our State that Mis- sissippi is a fine stock country. Mr. M. L. Jenkins, of Meridian, Lauderdale county, Mississippi, has turned his attention to the breeding of fine Jersey stock, and all the improved breeds of poultry. There are many others who are turning their attention to stock-rais- ing in this State, but enough has been said to show that some of the wisest peo- ple of our State think of something else besides cotton planting. We cannot close these remarks without honorable mention of the name of Col. Jas. D. Stewart, of Jackson, Hinds county, Mississippi, who was the fir.-t to introduce Jersey cattle into our State, in 1853. LABOR IN MISSISSIPPI— HOW EMrLOYED, ETC. The labor in Mississippi is chiefly composed of freedmen, colored people who •were emancipated by the war between the States. Cax>tain T. D. Harris, of 28 Class OF Immigbants Wanted. Rankin county, has kindly written the following exposition of the labor systems in this State: " There are three methods practiced — the wages plan, the share system, and the rental system. On some of the larger plantations the three methods are often used, and the laborers allowed choice of methods. " On the wages plan, first-class hands get from $8 to $15 per month, accord- ing to locality and fertility of soil, with rations, quarters and fuel. " The rental system varies in price per acre, according to locality, fertility of soil and improvements. Sometimes the rent is given for improvements made on the place. The highest rent is for 80 pounds ;of lint cotton per acre, say $8 per acre; but this high rent can only be had on the rich bottom lands, when in high state of cultivation, and the improvements are good. The tenant only pays for the land he actually cultivates — quarters furnished, also wood privileges free of charge. When the share system is chosen, the landlord furnishes the land, quarters and wood, the farming implements, the team, (horses and mules) and feeds the team. The labor feeds the labor, and the crops, when gathered, are divided equally between the landlord and the laborer." The above presents the general features of the contracts made by landlords with laborers, in working their lands; but each contract is governed by circum- stances, necessities and advantages that present themselves to the two parties to the contract at the time of making the same, whether it be on the wages, share, or rental plan. CL.iSS OP IMMIGRANTS WANTED IN MISSISSIPPI. We need population to develop our State. We will give settlers a hearty welcome, and extend to them full and equal iprotection. We want people of kindred races, that we may be homogeneous. We are all immigrants, or the de- scendants of immigrants, in our favored country. We do not want the crimi- nals and paupers from other States and countries, but to industrious and reli- able immigrants we offer good and cheap homes — invite them to locate and be- come the owners of their lands in fee simple forevsr. We want them to become citizens and have with us equal political privileges and responsibilities. We want persons skilled in a great variety of agricultural, horticultural and manu- facturing pursuits — in fact, in all the industries of life. We want, especially, capital to develop our unbounded resources. We want settlers who will bring along with them means and energy to enter upon business for themselves, to buy our cheap lands, become permanent residents, and help to build up the prosperity of our State. We want men who are willing to rely on their own energy, exertions and means, to make for themselves comfortable and beauti- ful homes. To such, we say come; and if you have good staying qualities, and do not expect to gather a fortune in a year or two from cotton plants, your reward will be sure. ADVICE TO THE NEW COMEE. The new settler in Mississippi will have to unlearn many things, and learn by experience and observation new ways. If he is wise, he will "make haste slowly," observe and advise with older citizens; by this means, he will avoid many natural mistakes in choice of lands, location, style of residence, crops and cultivation. While our generous soil yields abundantly, yet man here is not exempt from labor, though it is less exacting than in colder climates. If Class of Immigeation Wanted. 29 the settler comes to stay, and does slay, in a few short years his reward is cer- tain. U0"\V NEW COMEES ARE EECEIYED IN MISSISSIPPI. Under this head, we will quote a few extracts from letters of Western and Northern settlers who have made their homes in Mississippi. Capt. Charles H. Towusend, formerly editor of the McComb City Intelligencer, writes as follows on this subject: " We are heartily tired and disgusted with the everlasting cant about the dan- ger of the Nortlierner settling in the South. The immigrant does not hesitate to brave a life upon the wild Western frontier, cutting himself loose from friends, politics and society, and debarring himself from alf the privileges of churches, schools and social intercourse, and trusting their lives to the tender mercies of the savage and wild beast, and yet professes that he dare not avail himself of the balmy climate and fruitful soil of- the South, for fear his politi- cal opinions may be intefered with. Now, this is all foolishness. The x^eople of the South are neither savages nor barbarians. They can distinguish be- tween true men and professional vagabonds; and we know whereof we affirm, when we say that any person, without regard to political oiDiuions or creeds, who comes South and conducts himself in a manner that would be tolerated by any well regulated community will be received, respected and honored as he may merit. "The South does not want politicians — no section does — but to the honest, in- dustrious immigrant she offers untold advantages of soil and climate." Capt. C. H. Townsend entered the Union army from ]Milwaukee, AVisconsin, and served during the war, upon the staff of Gen. AYashburne; since the war between the States, settled in Mississippi, and like a brave Federal soldier, has the manliness and courage to do justice to the people of his adopted State. The Rev. A. H. Widney, of Hazlehurst, Copiah county. Miss., writes as follows to his friends in Illinois: "Do not expect a wide, level and muddy expanse of black soil; you will find trees, aye, stumps; but you will be more than compensated by a delicious cli- mate, and a vast range of fruits and vegetable. But above all, you will be kindly treated; your political sentiments will be respected. My family and myself have never met with anything but the most cordial treatment. True, the country, is sparsely settled, compared with our old home in Bureau county, Illinois, but it is just as i)eaceable here, as there. Health is assured, so far as local causes are concerned, at this elevation, 500 feet above tide water. There are several families here from Illinois, Ohio and Michigan. All are as well satisfied as we are." HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES. Provisions, furniture, agricultural iuiplements, or parlor furniture, can be - purchased in INIississippi nearly-, if not quite as cheaj) as at the North. We give the cash price of some articles of household necessity, now prevailing: Flour $5 to ^10 per barrel; bacon, $7 to .$10 per hundred pounds; sugar 7 to 15 cents per pound; butter 20 to 40 cents per pound; coffee 15 to 25 cents per pound; and dry-good, etc., at retail, full as cheap as at the North. Household servants (colored), are obtainable easily, for from $5 to $8 per month; farm laborers from $8 to $16 per month and rations, (rations now cost per month, about $6.) Wood, in the country, need cost nothing but cutting and hauling. AVages by the day, fifty cents to $1.00; common mechanics, (colored), §1.00 to S|;1.50 per day; skilled mechanics ^2.50 to $5.00 per day. 30 Masonky and Othee Obdebs. While some articles are dearer here for house-keeping, yet with the saving in cost of fuel, the cheapness of home-raised food, vegetables, poultry, eggs, game, fish, etc., a farmer can live as cheaply here as any State in the Union. MASONKY AND OTHER OEDERS IN MISSISSIPPI. Name of Order. No. of Lodges. Membership. Masonic Lodges 297 9,133 Odd Fellows 38 1,073 Knights of Honor 108 5,000 Knights and Ladies of Honor 30 1,200 Knights of Pythias 100 4,000 Patrons of Husbandry 215 Granges. 8,500 The Lodges are located in almost every city, town and village, and the Granges in nearly every county in the State, and are ever ready to extend the hand of fellowship to every worthy person who may cast his lot with them, the only qualification required, being of good repute and a reputable occupation. CHUBOHES OF DIFFEBENT DENOMINATIONS IN MISSISSIPPI- Denomination. No. of Churches. Seating Capacity. Baptists 657 185,000 people. Methodist 785 213,000 people. Presbyterians 262 75,000 people. Episcopalians 37 8,700 people. Lutheran 6 3,500 people. Roman' Catholic 35 17,500 people. Congregational 10 2,500 people. Disciples, or Christian 12 6,500 j)eople. It will be seen from the above, that almost every denomination of Christian people have their churches in Mississippi, and good Christian people from other States and from Europe, will meet with members of their own denomina- tions, in nearly every county in the State. In addition to the foregoing, our Hebrew friends have large congregations and synagogues in Jackson, Natchez, Vicksburg, Meridian and other towns. The statistics are not available, but they form a substantial, thrifty, law-abid- ing class of our population. STATE CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. The State Lunatic Asylum is situated about two miles from the State House at Jackson, Missinsippi. It is under the superintendence of Dr. Thos. J. Mitchell, and Dr. James McWillie, assistant physician. During the year 1883 the total number, including both white and colored patients, was 565 — males 240, females 325. This institution is admirably managed and has been a great blessing to the unfortunate lunatics of our State. The East Mississippi Insane Asylum, established near Meridian, under lib- eral appropriations by the Legislature, in 1882 and 1884, was opened for the reception of patients December 15, 1884. Dr. C. A. Rice, of Vicksburg, is Medical Superintendent, and Hon. H. A. Cameron, of Lauderdale county, is- Steward. Stock Raising. 31 The State Deaf and Dumb Institution is situated on State street in the city of Jackson, Miss., and is under the superintendence of Mr. J. R. Dobyns. The total number of pupils, white and colored, in this Institution in Decem- ber, 1883, was (88) eighty-eight. The management of this Institution is in "everj'- respect admirable." The pupils are instructed by "signs, the manual alphabet and writing." An appropriation was made by the Legislature of 1882 for the erection of buildings, etc., for the benefit of the colored mutes, on a tract of land owned by this Institution and situated about a mile from the city of Jackson. These buildings were promptly erected, and the colored depart- ment is now in successful operation. The Institution of Leakning fob the Blind of the State of Mississippi, is situated in Jackson — Dr. W. S. Langley, Superintendent, and an accomplished corps of teachers have the management of this Institution. The catalogue of pupils for 1883 numbered 15 males and 19 females. The pupils receive thorough instruction in the literary and musical departments and are employed to excellent advantage in the ''female work department," and the mechanical department for males, where chairs, brooms and mattresses are made. A new Asylum has seen erected at the northern extremity of State street in the city of Jackson and is a handsome structure. The cost was upwards of forty thousand dollars. STOCK RAISING IN NOXUBEE COUNTY. Hon. E. G. Wall: Deak Sir — In reply to your request for my experience in stock-raising in Noxubee county, I will state that some eight years since, I was convinced that under our system of farming we were becoming poorer each year and that we were each year becoming more dependant on the negro. I made it a study as to how I could best save my lands and at the same time make them yield me a comfortable support. I soon came to the conclusion we must raise more stock. I began by purchasing a few common sheep and a throughbred buck (Cotswold) and the improvement was great. I was carried away by the idea of improving our stock; I read up on stock-raising and visited different fairs. I purchased a "short horn" bull and crossed on my common cows; the improve- ment was very marked, but not satisfactory as to their milking qualities. I then became satisfied of the peculiar fitness of Jersey cattle for our pastures. 1 then wrote to different breeders of Jerseys for prices, etc., and like most beginners, made a mistake in buying unacclimated stock, my losses being very heavy in acclimation, nor did I find that the young animals acclimated better than the older. Having purchased nine head at different times in Tennessee, seven of which were under one year old, I lost five head of the younger ones; the older ones were saved, but all had more or less fever. After being accli- mated, they seem to do as well as the native cattle, breeding much younger and more regularly. My herd now numbers nineteen (19) head — 15 females, eight of which are due to calve the present year, 1882 I have sold $1,000 worth, have lost from acclimation one bull and four heifers— and one heifer of my own raising, I now have in my herd three (3) heifers for which I have refused .|500 each. My total outlay for Jerseys since October, 1878, has been $3000. Taking 32 Stock Raising. into consideration that I now have an acclimated herd, the amount in- vested has paid me better than any investment I ever made. My lands are improving and myself and family not entirely dependant on negro labor for a comfortable support. I will also give you a few facts connected with stock-raising in this county : Mr. S. Orr of Brooksville, raised a hog some years before the war that was said to be the largest ever raised up to that time; his weight was 1400 pounds and he was exhibited at Mobile and New Orleans. Mr. Orr bred and raised the noted short horn bull Duke of Noxubee, that was at the head of one of the noted herds of Iventuckj''. He also bred and raised a grade short horn steer that weighed over 3000 pounds. He also raised some horses and mules. A horse bred by him is now owned by Mr. McHaffey, Greencastle, Indiana, and is said to be able to trot a mile in 2:30. Nor did we ever hear from him that clover a^d grass wouldn't grow in this county. Since to raise stock successfully, it is necessary to grow clover and grass as well as grain, I will say that any of the clovers do well on most of our lands, and I have seen orchard grass, red top, tall meadow oat grass, meadow fescue and blue grass doing well in this coun- ty and most of them, on my own place. But with Bermuda and Lespedeza (Japan clover) for summer and fall pastures, and Johnson grass for hay, no ■one need fear to try stock-raising in our portion of the State. Yours very truly. Mat. Mohoknee. WHAT A POOB GEEMAN IMMIGRANT HAS DONE IN LAUDEBDALE COXTNTY. Meeidian, Miss., April 25, 1882, Maj. E. O. Wall: Dbae Sie: I beg to give the following statement to show my success in farm- ing in Lauderdale county, Mississippi. My home before immigrating was in the village of Strizen, Prussia. I emigrated to Chicago, Illinois, in 1873. The price of land at the North and West was too high for me, and, after two years, I came to Mississippi State. I had lost all my mon*ey and was very poor. In my trouble, I found a kind friend in Mr. George Meyer, of Meridian, Missis- sippi, who bought me 80 acres of land — twenty under cultivation — with a small house and two stables, for f 300. The first year I fanned with one ox, and made money. I have now been living on my place, which is paid for, four years. I have over 40 acres under cultivation, which are valued at from $8 to $10 per acre; have two fine mules, worth together $300; three valuable cows, some calves, pigs, poultry, etc.; one farm wagon, one sjsring wagon, plows, harness, etc. My products per year, are worth $400 to $500, which I sell, besides a good living from the farm. My lands, houses and stock are now valued at $1,250. My family consists of wife, one daughter 16 years old, and one son 7 years of age — all in excellent health. I also must mention Mr. Justice Mulert, of Meri- dian, Mississippi, who assists me with advice in experimenting on my farm; also Mr. Schreiner, who has helped me greatly, k. good, industrious man can make money farming in this country, even on a small scale. Yours respectfully, Gottlieb Schonbok. 33 Cotton Pboduotion in Mississippi. PBPP.BMINT GBOWING AN. MANC.ACTUBE O. CI. IN C.A. ANB HONBOK COUNTIES. Wavebly, Clay County, Miss., April 27, 1882. Maj. E. 0. Wall : Deab Sib- In reply to your favor asking information about the growth and .a^ufactre ofpep^plrn^i^t, I have to state, that this new industry was in ro- ducedin Monroe and Clay counties about the same time, in the J-i J^^O. Messrs. Reynolds and Houston, of Monroe county, and ^^^^^^-J-J^J^. L Young, of Clay county, formed a co-partnership with D. D. ^^^^^' ° ^'^^^^ La grower of peppermint, as well as manufacturer of peppermint oil. The foot's were brougM from Michigan and planted in Monroe county, and also in Clay county. The credit of introducing this new enterprise is mainly due to ^':^;i:-^:'^::^^:^:s^:^-^^ --- growers and manufactu. rers^f peppennint oil in the world. They have IGO acres of land in pepp r- Z^^ SLs Of -c.,or prairie and the^a.i.^moui.ofsa^ .n^ ^r.^ object is to find the best soil for its growth. Both »''^v« P^°J S Pe^ppermint, ^^^ ^^ ^Z^i:'"^!:^::. nt trheloutr^lTalways eradjially extended North and We=l. ins giowiii ui ., t„„.«.l nl •' It grrtiiua J climate, was hooted at. 11 discouraged, and ''^^'^^^^^l ,^<1 Mr. D. D. Antes deserves great rrot only S""! 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H S C ■T3 M"" =e -S ? as .« 5 1^ ® (B CO 23 .s p Mass Missi Missi New Tenn Texa Health in Mississippi. 37 We may say in general terms, that, in the vicinity of the water-courses — in the great alluvial Valley of the Mississippi river, and other river bottoms, at certain seasons of the year, some of the people have intermittent and remittent fevers; but as a rule, these are easily controlled, and with proper precautious, may to a great extent be avoided. The uplands and table lands are as exempt from disease as the most favored portion of the United States. We refer to the above table to bear us out in the assertion. The article below taken from The Churchman is from the able pen of Dr. Hugh Miller Thompson, assistant Bishop of the Episcopal Church for the State of Mississippi: The Healthfulness of Mississippi. To the Editor of Hie Churchman: I have received a number of letters of iniquiry, in which great stress is laid on the question of the liealth of Mississippi. I do not wonder at this, although there is ground for wonder at the persistent ignorance of any i^art of our gTeal; country concerning any other part. Will you allow me to say then, that by official AVashington figures, Missis- sippi is just one-third healthier than New York and Massachusetts, twenty-five per cent, healthier than Virginia or Indiana, and twenty per cent, or so healthier than Illinois or Pennsylvania? Its death rate is under thirteen in the thousand. Considering that half its population is colored, and that the colored death rate is half greater than the white in all the South, I suppose the ordinai-y white death rate in Mississippi is not above ten in the thousand, a little more than one-third the death rate of New York City. Ill the letters I have received there is frequent mention of malaria, and a wholesome dread is evinced of that mysterious thing about which the faculty knows so little. I suppose there is more of it, whatever it is, in New York City in a week than in Mississippi in a year. At least I hear more of its performances dur- ing one week's visit in New York than in twelve months at home. The figures I gave above are from the compilations of the Census Bureau^ Department of Agriculture in Washington. My own experience, and that of men who have come from the North to Mis- sissippi, is tliat it is a rarely healthy climate and country, and that for deli- cate people, delicate in lungs or throat, with catarrhal or bronchial troubles, it is a home of health and comfoit. And as to malaria, tliat is more to be dreaded in a week on the Hudson than in all our borders in a life-time. I can from full knowledge and examinations, and with full responsibility, say that in summer or winter, in spring or fall, there need be no hesitation, on account of health, in coming to Mississippi, and that the delicate and non- robust, are likely to find here just the balmy and temperate climate which will enable them to live and work with comparative ease. Hugh Millek Thompson, DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI, BY COUNTIES. ADAMS COUNTY. (See Map.) C^J ^ w3 ^^•'^^ county was established by proclamation of the Territo- S^I i^^ll^ rial Governor, Winthrop Sargent, April 2, 1799. The Missis- sippi river flows past the entire western boundary, and several L/U-jR)Jj small streams traverse the county which would afford good water-power. Natchez, the county seat, is an incorporated city of 9,000 inhabitants, commands a large trade, shipping annually about 30,000 bales of cotton. Natchez has two large cot- ton mills, two steam gins and grist mills, two iron foundries and machine shops, one cotton-seed oil mill and ice factory. The Natchez, Jackson & Columbus Railroad, now completed to Jackson, a distance of about 100 miles, has its terminus in this city. About half the county cleared, the balance timbered land, along creek bottoms, level, and back from these, undulating, rolling, and in places hilly. The timber trees are white, red, live and water oaks, gum, ash, cotton wood, poplar, beech, pine, walnut, magnolia, cypress. The soil, alluvial and rich loam, very productive, producing cotton, corn, sugar cane, oats, sweet and Irish potatoes, peanuts, hay, and all kinds of vegetables. Fruits of various kinds, apples, pears, peaches, apricots, etc., do well; also strawberries, blackberries, dewberries, etc., flourish here. Pasturage quite extensive — Berinuda grass for spring and summer, and switch-cane, on the creeks and in the woods, for winter. Church and school privileges very good; several private schools of high order in Natchez, and free public schools open ten months of the year. Society educated and refined. Climate mild and salubrious; thermometer rarely reaches 98° (P.) in the summer, or goes below 25° (F.) in the winter. Desirable lands are cheap, ranging in price from $2.50 to $15 per acre, according to location and improvements. Lands sold on liberal and advantageous terms. The stranger seeking a home will be welcomed with hearty hospitality and will re- ceive kind treatment. United States lands for sale 80 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale .... 22,760 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 19,084 Population in 1880, from United States census 22,649 White people 4,997 Colored people 17,852 Acreage in cotton in 1879 32,117 acres. Bales produced in 1879 19,026 bales. Bales made by white labor 1,902 Bales made by black labor 17,124 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 12,864 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 909 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 1,264 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. Alcobn and Amite Counties. 39 ALCORN COUNTY. (See Mat.) Alcorn county was established April 15, 1870. Corinth, the county seat, is ;3iiuated at the crossing of the Memphis & Charleston and Mobile & Ohio railroads, and is a flourishing and enterprising town. The Whitfield Cotton Factory is located here. The other towns in the county are Rieiizi, Kossuth, Jacinto, Danville, Winnesoga and Glendale. The Hatchie and Tuscumbia riv- ers, and a dozen or more creeks are in its bordars, affording good water-power. The character of the soil is diversified, rich alluvial black land, river and creek bottoms, and sandy uplands, with a clay subsoil. Products are wheat, corn, oats, cotton and all kind of vegetables. The grasses do well; clover, herds grass, orchard grass, Japan clover and native grasses, affording good hay and pasturage for stock of all kinds. Fruits do well, such as apples, peaches, pears, strawberries, blackberries and figs. . Transportation facilities very good — two railroads passing through the county, named above. About one-sixth of the county open land, the balance well tim- bered with pine, poplar, white, red, post and black oak, hickory, ash, sweet and red gum and sassafras. The church and school advantages are very good, with a very healthy climate, and society first rate. Has quite a number of saw mills and grist mills. Very little attention as yet paid to stock-raising or slieep husbandry, although the county is well adapted to both. Lands can be purchased upon reasonable terms at from $5 to $10 per acre; unimproved land at $1 to $5 per acre. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 3,.o24 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 10,431 Population in 1880, from United States census 14,272 White people 9,863 Colored people 4,409 Acreage in cotton in 1379 18,863 acres. Bales produced in 1879 7,477 bales. Bales made by white labor 5,152 Bales made by black labor 2,325 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 381,385 Buehels of oats produced in 1879 31,939 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 5,070 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 14,852 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., produced for home consumption. AMITE COUNTY. (See Map.) Amite county was established February 24, 1809. It is well watered by the east and west branches of .-Vniite river, besides Beaver creek in the west, and Tickfaw in the east part of the county, with their numerous tributaries. Liberty is the county seat, and is distant 28 miles from Magnolia, on tha Chicago, St. Louis & New Orleans Railroad. There are several large tanneries in the county. The soil is fertile, and, bordering on the streams, very product- ive. Cotton, corn, oats, hay, sweet and Irish potatoes, jute, field-peas, pump- kins, rice, sorghum and sugar cane all grow and do well. Apples, peaches, figs, pears and small fruits do well and are raised for home consumption. Melons of all kinds and vegetables of every variety are grown. Water-power on nearly all streams, of the very best; a number of gins, grist and saw mills are run by water-power. This county contains about 460,000 acres —about 13 per cent, open land. 100,000 acres once in cultivation are now lying out and the remainder timbered. Some of the lands level, most of it undulating, and the rest hilly. The timber consists of white, red, pin, black and other varieties of oak, long-leaf and short-leaf pine, poplar, beech, ash, hickory, sweet gum, .black gum, holly, magnolia, sassafras, locust, china, mulberry, walnut and 40 Attala County. cypress. The pasturage is good and of vast extent, consisting of woodland and abundant old fields. Stock do well, and require very little attention for two or three months during the winter. It is noted for its springs and streams of pure freestone water, and the healthfulness of the climate will compare favor- ably with any section in the United States, The people are industrious and law-abiding. The lands are cheap and abundant, and can be purchased on reasonable terms. The Louisville, New Orleans and Texas Railroad runs through the western part of this county. United States lands for sale 9,656 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 9,400 'acres- Population in 1870, from United States census 10,973 Population in 1880. from United States census 14,004 White people 5,494 <^olored people 8,510 Acreage in cotton in 1879 27,749 acres^ Bales produced in 1879 • 9,952 bales. Bales made by white labor 4,494 Bales made by black labor 5,468 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 262,352 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 27.169 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 3,230 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. ATTALA COUNTY. (See Map.) Attala county was established Decembtr 23, 1833. Kosciusko, the county- seat, is a thriving town of about 1,200 inhabitants, with a branch rail- road to it from Durant, on the Illinois Central Eailroad, which has been recently extended to Aberdeen. The Big Black river forms the western boundary of the county. The other water-courses are Zilpah, Long, Apuckta, Yockanookana, Sharkey and other creeks, affording good water- power. There is about one-third of the county open lands; level on the creek and river bottoms, and the rest undulating and hilly. Two-thirds well timbered with oaks of various kinds, hickory, pine, ash, gum, wild cherry, cypress in river and creek bottoms, etc. Soil on bottoms fertile, and on uplands moderately rich, and easily worked and improved. Fine beds of marl in various parts of the county. In digging a wpll for Mr. Thompson's saw mill, a few miles north of Kosciusko, a bed of oyster shells ten feet thick was passed through. These marls and oyster shells would furnish an abundance of lime for fertilizing pur- poses. Products: corn, cotton, oats wheat, potatoes, peas, peanuts, sorghum, etc.;. vegetables and fruits of all kinds are abundantly grown for home consump- tion. Pasturage generally good. Not much attention at present paid to stock- raising. Sheep husbandry could be made very profitable in this county. Several flour, saw and planing mills in county. A large flour mill at Kosci- usko. Church and school privileges good. The people generally are sober, indus- trious and law-abiding. Lands are cheap; can be bought: United States lands, 23,040 acres, at $1.25 per acre, or homestead 160 acres to each individual. Land of individual own- ers can be purchased at from $2 to $15 per acre, according to improvements and location. Settlers from other States purchasing honaes in this county will, be treated with kindness and receive a hearty welcome. Bentok County. 41 United States lands for sale 20,640 acres. Delinqunt lands held by State Auditor for sale 2,800 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 14,776 Population in 1880, from United States census 19,988 White people Jl,6.53 Colored peojjle 8,335 Acreage in cotton in 1S79 35,950 acres. Bales produced in 1879 15,285 bales. Bales produced by white labor 9,361 Bales made by black labor 6,924 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 413,532 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 66,106 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 6,931 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 10,711 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. BENTON COUNTY. (Ske Map.) Benton county was established July l.'i, 1870. Ashland is the county seat; the other towns are Lamar and Michigan City, on the Illinois Central Railroad, and Hickory Flat, Maxy, Hamilton and Spring Hill. The water-courses are Wolf river, in the northern portion, and Tippah river, in the southern part of the county. These rivers and their tributaries give the county fine water ad- vantages. The Illinois Central Railroad runs across ihe northwestern corner of county. The surface of county level on creek and river bottoms; the other portions undulating and hilly. About one-fourth cleared land, the balance well tim- bered with different kinds of oak, hickory, poplar, black walnut, beech, pine, elm, red and sweet gum, chestnut, cypress, etc. Tlie soil on the creek and river bottoms and also on the gently undulating lands very fertile; on the hills not so fertile, but easily cultivated and improved. Products corn, cotton, oats, wheat, rye, barley, sweet and Irish potatoes, sor- ghum, etc. All kinds of garden vegetables and fruits suitable to latitude. Pas- turage quite extensive— native and cultivated grasses for summer, tmd switch- cane for winter. Church and school privileges very good. Society good, and climate mild and salubrious. This county lies in the lignite or brown coal region. Some beds of lignite have been found and coal will be probably be found in paying quantities. There are also good beds of marl in various portions of the county. Immigrants will receive a hearty welcome and kind treatment from the citi- zens of Benton county. A good many Michiganders have already settled in the county at Michigan City. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 480 acres. Population in 1880, from United States census 11,023 White people 5,577 Colored people 5,246 Acreage in cotton in 1879 22,401 acres. Bales produced in 1879 8,123 bales. Bales made by white labor 4,271 Bales made by black labor 3,852 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 330,688 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 16,684 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 6,073 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 10,634 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. 42 BOHYAB AND CalHOUN COTJNTIES. BOLIVAR COUNTY. (See Map.) Bolivar was established February 9th, 1836. Rosedale, the county seat, is situated on the Mississippi river, which flows along the whole western border of the county, affording transportation facilities. The other towns are Beulah, Nesbetts, Bolivar and Mound Landing. This county lies entirely in the Mississippi bottom; has a deep alluvial soil. Very fertile, produces a bale of cotton to the acre, or 50 to 80 bushels of corn. About one-sixth of the land is in cultivation, the balance heavily timbered with ash, sweet and red gum, hickory, white oak, pin oak, elm, walnut, cotton- wood, poplar, pecan, and immense cypress brakes. There are over 4,000,000 acres of these alluvial lands in the Mississippi Delta, which if protected from overflow and properly cultivated, would produce 2,500,000 bales of cotton, and 5,500,000 bushels of corn annually, worth in the market $105,000,000. Surely it ought to be the policy of the United States Government to protect this immense and fertile domain, and add its vast pro- ductions to the general wealth of the United States. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 20,000 acres. Internal Improvement lands for sale 840 acres. Chickasaw School Lands for sale 3,840 acres. Population in 1870 from U. S. Census 9,732 Population in 1880 from U. S- Census 18,652 White people 2,694 Colored people 16,958 Acreage in cotton in 1879 43,330 acres. Bales produced in 1879 36,419 bales. Bales made by white labor 3,514 Bales made by black labor 32.-905 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 3,254 Bushels of corn 383,466 Pounds of tobacco 600 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. CALHOUN COUNTY. (See Map.) Calhoun county was established March 8th, 1852. Pittsboro is the county seat, situated near the centre of the county. The other towns are Banner, Sarepta and Slate Spring. The Yalobusha and Schooner rivers enter the coun-' ty, which, with their tributaries, give good water power. , County contains 370,000 acres; about 74,000 acres cleared land; creek and river bottoms level, some undulating and the balance hilly. Timber trees on bottoms, gum, poplar, elm, beech, white oak and cypress; on uplands the various kinds of oak, pine, hickory, etc. The soil generally fertile, producing corn, cotton, wheat, oats, sweet and Irish potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, field peas, etc. Fruits only grown for home consumption; apples, pears, peaches, figs, and all the small fruits do well, and yield abundantly. Pasturage quite extensive in the woods for summer, of native grasses Japan clover, [Lespedesa Striata) is spreading over the county, affording fine sheep pas- tures Grist and saw naills are scattered over the county, in easy reach of nearly every neighborhood. Church and school advantages are good in nearly every portion of the coun- ty. Climate mild and very healthy. Society good; the people moral and law- abiding. Beds of Lignite in various portions of the county; and coal has been found in the northeast corner of the county, but whether in beds wide enough to work profitably is not known at present. Caeeoll County. 43 No attention has been paid to sheep husbandry or stock-raising, except for home consumption. The indications are that the county will be traversed by one or more railroads in a short time, giving it facilities for railroad transportation. The county has 50,000 acres of good creek and river bottom lands, needing only capital and enterprise to develop them. Good and reliable settlers will receive a warm welcome. United States lands for sale 960 acres. Delin(inent lands held by State Auditor for sale, .t 4,320 acres. Internal improvement lands for sale 200 acres. Populfition in 1870 fro.n United States census 10,561 Population in 1880 from United States census 13,492 White people 10,191 Colored people *• . 3,301 Acreage in cotton in 1879 r.),028 acres. Bales produced in 1879 9,536 bales. Bales made by white labor 7,369 Bales made by black labor 2,167 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 853,91 9 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 44,009 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 4,753 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 7,926 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised jor home consumption. CARROLL COUNTY. (See Map.) Carroll county was established December 23d, 1833. CarroUtonis the county seat. The other towns are Vaiden, on the Illinois Central Railroad, Black Hawk, Eureka and Beckville. The Big Black river forms the southeastern boundary of county. The creeks are the Coila, Petticocowa. Big Sand and Peachahala, giving good water advantage. At CarroUton there is one of the largest factories in the State. The Illinois Qentral Railroads runs across the southeastern portion of the county. About one-fourth of the county in cultivation, the balance timbered with all kinds of oak, poplar, pine, gum, walnut, chesnut and cypress on river and creek bottoms. Tlie soil fertile on the creeks, in the hills not so rich, but free and easily cultivated and improved. The productions are cotton, corn, oats, wheat, field peas, peanuts, sorghum and potatoes, (Irish and sweet). All kinds of vegetables and fruits. Pasturage good and extensive, consisting of native grasses for summer, and switch-cane and the run of the plantation for winter. Stock-raising oould be made very profitable in Carroll county. Fine beds of ''green-sand marl"' near Yaiden and in other portions of county. Lignite or brown coal has been found. Church and school privileges very good. The citizens are moral, industrious and law-abiding. The climate is mild and very healthy, lands cheap — unim- proved at from $2 to §5 x^er acre; improved at from §5 to $15 per acre accord- ing to improvements, fertility and location. A good class of immigrants will be welcomed and receive kind treatment. United States lands for sale 5,080 acres. Delinquent lauds held by State Auditor for sale , . . . . 8,360 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 21.047 Population in 1880 from United States census 17.759 White people 7,831 Colored j^eople 9,969 Acreage in cotton in 1879 37,957 acres. 44 Chickasaw County. Bales produced in 1879 17,423 bales. Bales produced by white labor 8,274 Bales produced by black labor 9,140 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 315,722 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 22,154 Bushels or wheat produced in 1879 1,973 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 2,460 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. Note — In 1871, parts of this county were given to Leflore and Montgomery. CHICKASAW COUNTY. (See Map.) Chickasaw county was established February 8th, 1836. Houston is the county seat, but courts are also held at Okolona, on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, an enterprising town of about 2,000 inhabitants. The county is well watered with creeks, running through alrrost every portion. In the hilly parts, numerous springs, and in the sandy lands good water can be obtained by digging from 20 to 30 feet. About 270,000 acres of land in the county; part level, part hilly, and the balance undulating. The timber trees are, various kinds of oak, -hickory, wal- , nut, beech, ash, poplar, pine, chestnut, etc. The eastern portion of the county consists of prairies, which have a soil of great depth and fertility of limestone formation. All the creek bot- toms are very rich. Middle portion sandy and hilly, but when fresh, very fer- tile. The western portion flatwoods, and well timbered, but with a soil clayey and stifiE. The products are corn, cotton, sweet and Irish potatoes, wheat, oats, all the grasses, rye, barley, etc. All kinds of vegetables do well, and are grown in abundance. Fruits, such as apples, pears, peaches, figs, grapes, apricots, etc., and all the small fruits do well. Many are turning their attention to growing fruits with success and profit. The Mobile and Ohio Railroad runs through the eastern border of the county from North to South. No manufacturies, except saw and grist mills, both for wheat and corn, and two tanneries. Churches and schools are accessible to every family. Society very good and climate very agreeable and healthy. Pasturage very extensive, and stock-raising could be made profitable. The citizens of Chickasaw county will give a hearty welcome to good, indus- trious and reliable new-comers, from any section of the United States or Europe. Lands can be purchased upon liberal terms, as to time and price — $2 to $20 per acre, according to location and improvements. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 5,640 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 19,899 Population in 1880 from United States census 17,905 White people 7,689 Colored people 10,215 Acreage in cotton in 1879 38,477 acres. Bales produced in 1879 12,861 bales. Bales made by white labor 5,905 bales. Bales made by black labor 6,956 bales. Bushels of corn produced in 1879 512,005 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 49,627 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 9,033 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 10,926 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. Note — In 1872, part of Clay, and in 1874, part of Webster was taken from this county. Choctaw and Claibobne Counties. 45 CHOCTAW COUNTY. (See Map.) Choctaw county was established December 23d, 1833. Chester is the county seat; the other towns are French Camps, Dido, LaGrange and New Prospect. Water courses are the Big Black river, Yockanookana, McCurtains and Lobutchie creeks, giving good water to the county. There is a prospect for railroads at an early day. The Georgia Pacific will run through the northern part, and the Kosciusko, West Point and Aberdeen Railroad, runs through the southern corner of county. About one-third of the land in cultivation, and the surface is level on creek and river bottoms, off from them undulating and hilly. The soil on hills, sandy, with very rich bottom lands, which compare favorably with any in the State. Products — cotton, corn, oats, wheat, sorghum, potatoes and grasses. Timber growth consists of various kinds of oak, hickory, pine, beech, gum, etc. All kinds of vegetables and fruits suitable to the latitude grow here and yield in abundance. Pastui-age, the native grasses for summer, and switch-cane and the run of farms for winter. Coal and iron ore have been discovered, but as yet not developed. There are beds of good green-sand marl in various parts of county. Climate mild and salubrious, never-failing springs of good water abundant. Church and school privileges good. Society is composed of kind-hearted, hospitable and law-abiding people. The lands are capable of the highest improvement, and are cheap. Unim- proved lands can be purchased at from $1 to $5 per acre, and improved lands at from )$5 to $10 per acre. Good, industrious and reliable settlers will receive the kindest treatment. United States lands for sale 8,G40 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale .5,760 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 10,988 Population in 1880 from United States census 9,036 White people 6,535 Colored people 2,500 Acreage in cotton in 1879 13,397 acres. Bales produced in 1879 5,757 bales. Bales made by white labor 4, 606 Bales made by black labor 1,151 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 243,287 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 38,709 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 9,413 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 12,.300 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. Note — In 1871, part of Montgomery, and in 1871, part of Webster, was taken from this county. CLAIBORNE COUNTY, (See Map.) Claiborne county was established January 27th, 1802. Port Gibson is the county seat, with 2.500 inhabitants. The other towns are Grand Gulf, Rocky Springs, St. Elmo, Hermanville, Carlisle, Tilman and Martin. The Mississippi river runs along the western boundarv, and Big Black the Northern — both nav- igable. The Baj'ou Pierre river runs through the centre of the county, which, with its numerous tributaries, makes one of the best watered counties in the State. A cotton mill and cotton-seed oil mill have been chartered at Port Gibson. Railroads are: the Louisville, New Orleans & Texas, the Natchez, Jackson & Columbus and the Gulf & Ship Island. ^6 Clakke County. The general character of the soil is very fertile. Produces cotton, corn, rice, oats, field peas, potatoes, sorghum, sugar cane, melons and all kinds of fruits. The county has fine water-power — Scutcheloe Falls, a very fine one, near the Natchez & Jackson Railroad. Facilities for transportation very fine, both by river and railroad, at reason- able rates. About one-third open lands, balance timber; some of this land broken and hilly, balance undulating and level. Timber trees: poplar, walnut, magnolia, pine, gum, hickory and all kinds of oak. Church and school privileges very good. Pasturage very extensive — a large area of very fine Bermuda grass for summer, and switch-cane for winter. A fine country for stock-raising and sheep husbandry. The climate generally health}'. Society good. Some beds of lignite, or brown coal, have been found. Many water, steam mills and gins in county. Good, reliable and industrious immigrants desired, and will be warmly wel- comed and kindly treated by the citizens of Claiborne county. United States lands for sale 280 acres. Delinquent Irnds held by State Auditor for sale ; . . . 800 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 13,386 Population in 1880, from United States census 16,768 White people 3,910 Colored people 12,858 Acreage in cotton, in 1879 33,121 acres. Bales produced in 1879 18.518 bales. Bales made by white labor 4,508 Bales made by black labor 14,010 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 197,568 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 1,290 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 1,010 All kinds of vegetables, fruit, etc., raised for home consumption. CLARK;E COUNTY. (See Map.) Clarke county was established December 23, 1833. Quitman, the county seat, is situated on the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, which runs from north to south through the whole length of county. The other towns are Enterprise, DeSoto and Shubuta. The Chickasahay river flows through the centre of the county, which, with its tributaries, gives to the county magnificent water-power. The New Orleans & Northeastern Railroad, now completed from Meridian to New Orleans, La., runs through the whole county. This road, with the M. & 0. Railroad, affords splendid raih'oad facilities. The Stonewall cotton factory and the Wanita cotton and woolen mills are located in this county. About one-fourth the county cleared land, the balance well timbered, princi- pally with long-leaf or yellow pine, the other growth on water-courses, the dif- ferent kinds of oak, hickory, magnolia, beech, pecan, etc. The soil is light and sandy on the upland, generally with a clay subsoil, easily improved and culti- vated — on the bottom, fertile. The products are cotton, corn, oats, peas, pea- nuts, sugar cane, rice, etc. All kinds of vegetables and fruits grow well and are raised. Pasturage good and very extensive. Stock-raising and sheep hus- bandry could be made very profitable. There are large beds of the finest marl in various parts of this county, which have been used to some extent. Church and school advantages very good; society excellent, and the climate as healthy as any in the United States. To honest, industrious and reliable immigrants, the citizens of this county ■will extend a hearty welcome and kind treatment. Clay County, 47 United States lands for sale 45,640 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 28,500 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 7,505 Population in 1880, from United States census 15,022 White people .' 7,230 Colored people 7,792 Acreage in cotton in 1879 15.936 acres. Bales produced in 1879 4,693 bales. Bales made by white labor 1,984 Bales made b}^ black labor 2,707 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 174,712 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 30,101 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 8,870 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. CLAY COUNTY. (See Map.) Clay county was established May 12, 1871. West Point, the county seat, has 2,290 inhabitants, and is situated on the Mobile roduced in 1879 410 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 5,300 All ki^ds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. HARRISON COUNTY. (See Map.) Harrison county was established February 5, 1841, The Gulf of Mexieo rolls in its waves on its whole southern shore. Mississippi City, Pass Chris- tian and Biloxi are the towns on the New Orleans & Mobile Railroad, and also on the Gulf. Water-courses are the Biloxi, Wolf and Jourdan rivers, with their tributaries. At Biloxi there is a tin canning establishment of Messrs. Lopez, Elmer & Co., for canning shrimps, oysters, fruits of various kinds, and vegetables. The soil is sandy and not very fertile, but can be made to produce good crops of fruits and vegetables by using oyster-shell lime, swamp muck and marls. There are several fine orange and peach orchards and vineyards in the county. The peach, apple, plum, pomegranate, pear and fig, pecan, grape of 54 Hinds County. many varieties, strawberries, dewberries, blackberries, and melons of various kinds grow in great profusion and yield good returns. Wine-making has made considerable progress in this county. Mr. A . V. Davis, of Pass Christian, has eighty acres of the scuppernong grape, and is making first-class still and sparkling wines on an extensive scale, for which he finds a ready sale. There are many other vineyards in this county. The land is generally undulating, and in the northern portion is covered with large yellow or long-leaf pine, but as you approach the Gulf coast, the trees are much smaller. Pasturage very fine for ten months in the year. School and church privi- leges good; fine private schools, and the public free schools are maintained for from four to five months each year. Climate salubrious at all seasons, and so- ciety good. Fine sea-bathing all along the coast. Sheep husbandry is one of the most profitable industries, and many new flocks are being started. United States lands for sale 217,200 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 5,795 Population in 1880, from United States census 7,895 White people 5,746 Colored people 2,149 Acreage in cotton in 1879 26 acres. Bales produced in 1879 11 bales. Bales made by white labor 11 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 15,130 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 2,110 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. HINDS COUNTY. (See Map.) Hinds county was established February 12, 1821. Raymond is the county seat, but courts are also held at Jackson, the Capital of the State. Jackson is the principal town, with a population of 5,509. The other towns are Edwards, Bolton, Brownsville^ Auburn, Cayuga, Clinton, Terry, Byram, Utica, Learned, ©akley, Adams and Carpenter. Pearl river flows along the eastern boundary of the county, and Big Black the western. Baker's Creek and numerous small streams flow through the county. The Illinois Central Railroad runs from north to south iii the eastern part of the county, and the Vicksburg & Meridian runs through the centre from east to west. The other railroads are the Natchez, Jackson & Columbus, which is com- pleted from Natchez, in Adams county, to Jackson, and the Yazoo & Missis- sippi Valley Railroad, completed within the past year, and which runs from Yazoo City to Jackson, through a country hitherto without railroad transporta- tion. At Jackson, there is one cotton-seed oil factory, one ice factory, one ferti- lizer factory, P3arl River Foundry and Agricultural Works, McDonnell's Foun- dry and Machine Shops, and Kirklaud's Agricultural Works, all of which do good and substantial work, and one cotton compress, which l^has a capacity of 500 bales per day. The surface of the county is generally undulating, and the soil of rich yellow loam, producing good crops of corn, cotton, oats, grasses for hay and pasture, Irish and sweet potatoes, sugar cane, sorghum, etc. All kinds of vegetables do well. Fruits, such as peaches, pears, figs, plums, strawberries, etc., grow and mature well in.this county. Terry station seems to be in the centre of the peach belt, and some seasons ships 47,000 boxes of peaches, as well as large quantities of small fruits. About two-thirds of the county still in timber land of all varieties^pine, oaks, (white, red and black,) hickory, elm, beech and cypress. Pasturage quite extensive of Bermuda grass, Japan clover. Holmes County. 55 Church and school advantages good. At Clinton, one excellent college for males and one for female students. Society good. Lands can be purchased at $2 for unimproved, and at |5 to $15 per acre for improved, according to improvements and location. New settlers from aay of the other States, or from Europe, will receive kind treatment and a warm welcome. Delinquent lauds held by State Auditor for sale 5,640 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 30,488 Population in 1880, from United States census 43,959 White people 11,671 Colored people 32,288 Acreage in cotton in 1879 80,031 acres. Bales produced in 1879 36,684 bales. Bales made by white labor 6,438 Bales made by black labor 30,246 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 532,636 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 26,380 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 130 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 3,568 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. HOLMES COUNTY. (See Map.) Holmes county was established February 19, 1823. The county seat is Lex- ington, about the centre of the county. The other towns are Durant, Good- man, AVest Station and Pickens, on the railroad, with the villages of Richland, Ebenezer, Acoua, Bowling Green and Eulogy, scattered over the county. A wagon factory at Durant. The Illinois Central Railroad runs from north to south through tlie county. The AVest & East Railroad, from Durant to Lexington. The soil is black and loamy in the bottom lands, and black and sandy in the uplands. AVill average a half bale of cotton or 15 to 20 bushels of corn j)er acre on uplands. Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, field })eas, millet, sugar cane, sor- ghum and the grasses do well, and remunerative crops are made. Transportation facilities on the Yazoo river on the west, and the railroad on the east. Costs to send a bale of cotton of 500 pounds to market by river $1.50; by railroad $3. Timber trees are all kinds of oak, pine, walnut, poplar, ash, hickory, gum and cypress. Pasturage extensive, of native grasses — Bermuda, Lesjpediza, (Japan clover,) and crab grass. All the fruits — peaches, pears, early apples, figs, plums, etc., and strawberries — do well. Near Durant, and on the railroad, considerable attention is paid to raising small fruits, which find a ready market in Chicago, Illinois. Climate healthy, society good, and energetic and industrious immigrants will be heartily welcomed and kindly treated. Price of lands from $2 to $15 per acre, according to quality and location. United States lands for sale 80 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 27,640 acres. Internal Improvement lands for sale 3,880 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 19,370 Population in 1880, from United States census 27,162 White people 6,907 Colored people 20,245 Acreage in cotton in 1879 62,556 acres. Bales produced in 1879 • 30,463 bales. Bales made by white labor 7,613 Bales made by black labor 22,850 56 Issaquena and Itawamba Couniies. Bushels of corn produced in 1879 463,614 Bushels of oats pi-oduced in 1879 17,441 Bushels of -wheat produced in 1879 488 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 4,321 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. ISSAQUENA COUNTY. (See Map.) Issaquena county was established January 23, 1844. Mciyersville, the county seat, and Skipwith are the towns. The Mississippi river flows along the whole western boundary, affording cheap steamboat transportation; also Deer Creek, which flows from north to south, on the eastern border; then there are Steele's Bayou, Lake Lafayette, Moon Lake, Five Mile Lake, etc. This county lies entirely in the Mississippi bottom. The soil is rich alluvial loam, with buckshot black from the river. About 80,000 acres of open land,. the balance, 163,000 acres, heavily timbered with cypress, oaks, ash, gum, hack- berry, hickory, locust, walnut, sassafras, etc., etc. Produces, corn, cotton, oats, etc., in great luxuriance — from one to two bales- of cotton per acre, and 40 to 80 bushels of corn, when properly cultivated; but 3,11 the planters have cotton on the brain, and do not make half enough corn^ oats and meat for home consumption, when they could be raised chea]3er here than in any country in the world. This is a most desirable county, and new-comers will receive a hearty wel- come and kind treatment, provided they come to be law-abiding, industrious and reliable citizens. " Travips and bummers not uxinted." Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 25,880 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 6,887 Population in 1880, from United States census 10,001 White people 824 Colored people 9,177 , Acreage in cotton in 1879 18,293 acres. Bales produced in 1879 16,150 bales- Pales made by white labor 189 Bales made by black labor 15,961 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 89,630 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 262 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. ITAWAMBA COUNTY. (See Map.) Itawamba county was established February 9, 1836. Fulton, the county seat,, has about 300 inhabitants. Water-courses are Tombigbee river, which runs through the county from north to south, and numerous creeks, affording fine, water-power for mills and factories. Several earthenware factories and two wool-carding mills in county. Soil diversified. Very rich bottoms; some prairie limestone lands; some strong hill lands, and some poor. Produces cotton, corn, oats, wheat, sorghum, potatoes, and grasses of all kinds. Transportation: the Tombigbee river during the winter season, otherwise wagons. Costs $1.75 to send a bale of cotton to market. About one-tenth of the land open. The lands of the county level, undulating and broken, or hills in about equal proportions. Timber trees: white oak, red oak, post oak, pine, hickory, blackjack, maple,, beech, walnut, gum and cypress. The bottom lands furnish excellent pasturage for winter, and the hills for spring and summer. A fine county for stock-raising and sheep husbandry. Jackson County. ' 57 Church and school i>rivileges very good, and in reach of every one. Health of the county good. Character of the people sober, industrious and law-abid- ing. Some considerable excitement in regard to mines of gold, silver and lead, but not much development yet. Several grist mills and saw mills in the county. Quite an amount of apples, pears, peaches, strawberries, figs, raspberries, and other fruits raised for home consumption. The county is healthy; very little crime; out of debt; taxes light; peaceable, prosperous andhopeful. Lands can be purchased at from 50c. to $10 per acre, according to quality and location. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 12.480 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 7,812 Population in 1880, from United States census 10,G65 White people 9,557 Colored people 1)108 Acreage in cotton 1879 14,851 acres. Bales produced in 1879 . . .- 5,113 bales. Bales made by white labor 4,877 Bales made by black labor 236 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 304,65*^ Bushels of oats produced in 1879 21,772 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 8,580 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 7,520 JACKSON COUNTY. (See Map.) Jackson county was established December 14, 1812. Scranton, the county seat, is situated on the New Orleans & Mobile Railroad. The other towns are Ocean Si)rings, West and East Pascagoula, Moss Point, Bradford, Americus, etc. The Gulf of Mexico washes the whole southern shore of the county. The water-courses are the Pascagoula river, and its many tributaries, and the Esca- tawpa river. The Mobile & New Orleans Railway runs along the Gulf Coast, through the whole width of county. At Moss Point, a window-glass factory has been estab- lished, which is doing a thriving business. The'surface of the county is generally level along the coast, and gently undu- lating for the balance. The timber growth consists principally of long- leaf or yellow pine, which affords a very extensive business to the lumbermen and the many saw mills along the coast. The lumber trade is very large, to foreign ports. All kinds of fruits and vegetable are grown for home use and market. (See Harrison county for names.) Col. A. E. Lewis, of this county, has an immense Scupperuong vineyard, and extensively engaged in making first-class wines. Col. W. R. Stuart, of Ocean Springs, Jackson county, has gone largely into stock-raising, and has a fine herd of Jersey cattle, and splendid flocks of Spanish Merino sheep. This county seems especially .adapted to sheep hus- bandry. Fish and oysters of the finest quality are obtained in great abundance, such as red fish, black fish, red snappers, pompano, Spanish mackerel, speckled trout, sheepshead, flounders, etc., are caught for market all along the Gulf coast. Several canning establishments are in operalion in this county. United States lands for sale 151,160 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 3,500 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 4,362 58 Jaspeb and Jeffeeson Counties. Population in 1880 from United States census 7,607 White people 6,122 Colored people 2,485 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 1,826 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 _ 80 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. JASPER COUNTY. (See Map.) Jasper county was established December 3, 1823. Paulding is the county seat; the other towns are Garlandsville, Turnersville, Claiborne, Davisville, and Rose Hill. The water courses are Tallahala, Tallahoma and tributaries; and numerous creeks and streams emptying into the Chickasahay river, making it a well watered county. The New Orleans and Northeastern Railway runs through the southeastern corner of county. The surface of county is level on the river and creek bottoms, some undu- lating lands, and some hilly. The timber growth consists of various kinds of oak, long- leaf pine, hickory, beech, elm, gum, etc. The soil is generally light and sandy, with a clay subsoil. On the creek bot- toms, it is fertile, and produces good crops of cotton, corn, oats, sugar-cane, rice, sweet potatoes, sorghum, etc. The various kinds of garden vege- tables, and such fruits as the peach, plum^ fig, grapes, especially the Scup- pernong g^ape, strawberries, blackberries, dewberries, etc., do well and bear abundantly. Pasturage very extensive, the native grasses for summer, and switch-cane on the creek bottoms for winter. It is a fine stock county; sheep husbandry could be made very profitable. Marl beds have been found in various parts of county. Church and school privileges good. The climate is mild and very healthy, and society good. People of good character seeking permanent homes will receive a hearty welcome and kind treatment by the citizens of Jasper county, Mississippi. United States lands for sale 51,320 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 11,920 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 10,884. Population in 1880 from United States census 12,124 White people 6,244 Colored people 5,880 Acreage in cotton in 1879 20,305 acres. Bales produced in 1879 6,228 bales. Bales made by white labor 3,363 Bales made by black labor 2,865 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 202,643 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 56,380 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 100 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 3,649 All kind= of vegetabHes, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. JEFFERSON COUNTY. (See Map.) Jefferson county was established January 11th, 1802. Fayette, the county seat, is on the Natchez, Jackson and Columbus Railroad. The other towns are Harriston, Red Lick, Rodney and Union Church. The Mississippi river flows along the western boundary, and it is well watered by several large creeks Jones Countt. 59 and small streams. Transportation facilities good, both by railroad and river. The surface of the county is decidedly mixed, from level river and creek bottom lands, fertile bluff formation, to thin pine land in the eastern portion of the county. Produces from one-half to two bales of cotton, or from 15 to 60 bushels of corn per acre. Timber trees are, all kinds of oak, beech, poplar, pine, hickory, pecan, gum, ■walnut, cherry, locust, cypress, etc. Produces good crops of cotton, corn, oats, sugar-cane, rice, sorghum, peas, etc.; all kinds of garden vegetables and fruits, such as peaches, pears, figs, pomegranates, apricots, strawberries, blackber- ries, dewberries, etc., etc.,' do well, but are only cultivated for home consump- tion. Pasturage almost unlimited; splendid summer grasses, and switch-cane on all the creeks and bayous for winter, spring and fall. Fine country for sheep and other stock. Church advantages ample, and school privileges excellent. Climate mild and salubrious. Society good. Quite a number of thrift/ Germans have settled in this county and are all doing well. Land can be purchased in large or small bodies; and some large lajid proprietors wuuM donate one or two lots of land to actu(d settlers. Industrious, sober and reliable settlers will receive a warm reception to Jefferson county. Ko other kind need apply. United States lands for sale 2,160 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 500 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 13,848 Population in 1880 from United States census 17,314 White people 4,262 Colored people 13,052 Acreage in cotton in 1879 32,141 acres. Bales produced in 1 879 18,51 2 bales. Bales made by white labor 3,085 Bales made by black labor 15,427 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 251,586 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 3,195 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 2,027 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., etc., raised for home consumption. JONES C(.)UNTY. (See Map.) Jones county was established January 24th, 1826. EUisville is the county seat. Water courses are Leaf and Tallahala rivers, used for rafting saw-logs to mai'ket; the Boguehomo, and numerous smaller creeks, giving to the county vast water power advantages. The surface of the county is gently undulating, except the creek and river bottoms wnich are level. Nearly all the land is finely timbered with long-leaf or yellow pine. On the water courses there are oaks of various kinds, hickory, ash, elm, bay, beech, gum, magnolia, etc. Pasturage extensive; summer grasses plentiful, and the whole county lies open to grazing. Some few citizens are raising cattle and sheep, and find it very remunerative. The soil is generally thin and sandy on the uplands; along the margins of the creeks and rivers it is fer.tile. Producing cotton, corn, oats, sweet and Irish potatoes, sugar-cane, sorghum, field peas, peanuts. Peaches, figs, grapes, plums, apples, and all the small fruits do well, and are very productive. The scuppernong grape is in its native element in this county. Pecans grow finely. Game. — The creeks abound in fish; the woods with deer, wild turkeys, fox, raccoon, opossum, and some wild cats. The bears, wolves and panthers have been exterminated long since. Church and school advantages are as 60 Kempee County. good as could be expected, for a sparsely settled country. The people are moral and law-abiding, and the health of the county is as good as any in the world. The New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad runs through the whole county from the northeast to the southwest; it has opened up this section to the mar- kets of the world. In grading for this railroad a fine bed of green sand marl was found in Jones county. United States lands for sale 182,020 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 160 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 3,313 Population in 1880 from United States census 3,828 White people . .■ 3,469 Colored people 350 Acreage in cotton in 1879 2,794 acres. Bales produced in 1879 624 bales. Bales made by white labor .594 Bales made by black labor 30 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 47,269 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 30,992 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 4,683 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. KEMPER COUNTY. (See Map.) Kemper county was established December 23d, 1813. DeKalb is the county seat. On the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, the other towns are Tamola, Gains- ville Junction, Sucharnochee and Scooba. The Mobile and Ohio Railroad runs through the eastern portion of the county from north to soath. The lands in eastern portion of the county mostly prairie; in western and middle, sandy loam with clay subsoil, very easy to cultivate and productive. Crops produced are cotton, corn, oats, wheat, sugar-cane, sorghum, field peas and potatoes. All kinds of vegetables do well. The water power is excellent, have some fine water power saw and grist mills and gins. Meridian is the principal market; many persons haul cotton on wagons to that place, in preference to shipping by the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. Three-fourths of the county well timbered with long and short-leaf pine, oak, of various kinds, hickory, chestnut, walnut, gum, etc. Excellent pastur- age of native grasses, switch-cane and Japan clover. (Lespedeza.) Church privileges good. Free public schools in some localities are taught eight months in the year. Fruits grow well; only enough grown for home use. Dairy products, butter and milk enough for home consumption. Health of the county generally very good. Some chills and fever in the fall. Society good. A good deal of attention is being paid to stock raising and sheep husbandry. Any one who will, can do well here farming, or almost at any other business; it only requires, patience, labor, and perseverance. United States lands for sale ; 6,840 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 20,640 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 12,820 Population in 1880 from United States census 15,719 White people 7,104 Colored people 8,615 Acreage in cotton in 1879 28,269 acres. Lafayette and Laudekdale Counties. 61 Bales producecl in 1879 8,426 bales. Bales produced by white labor 4,238 Bales produced by black labor 4,193 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 347,268 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 37,509 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 255 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 6,716 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. LAFAYETTE COUNTY. (See Map.) Lafayette county was established February 9th, 1836. Oxford is the county seat. A thriving and enterprising town on the Illinois Central Railroad, hav- ing about 2,000 inhabitants. Other villages are Abbeville and Taylors. The University of Mississippi, for white students, is located about one mile west of Oxford. The Union Female College is also well patronized. There are also several local schools, which are well attended. The county is well watered by the Tallahatchie and Yocona rivers, with their tributaries, affording plenty of water power for mills and factories. * The Illinois Central Railroad runs through the county from north to south, % affording railroad transportation. ' The cliaracter and fertility of the soil is good, and produces crops of cotton, corn, wheat, oats, sorginim and potatoes. Some attention paid to fruit culture — two nurseries in the county. Apples, pears, peaches, figs and all the small fruits do well, and some few persons raise fruit for market and ship to Chicago and St. Louis, where good prices are obtained. One-third of the county open lands, and two-thirds in timl)er; all kinds of oak, as)!, x'ine, poplar, walnut, beech, hickory and cypress. Pasturage of large extent, and good; all kinds of grasses grow well w"ien properly cultivated. Could be made a good stock country. Church and school privileges very good; climats healthy and society excel- lent. Large beds of Lignite, (brown coal) in the county; many grist and saw mills. Good, sober, industrious and reliable immigrants will be welcomed, and can find comfortable homes in this county. Lands can be purchased, unimpi-oved, at $1 to |5 per acre; and improved lands at from $4 to $20 per acre, according to location and quality. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 1,720 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 18,892 Population in 1880 from United States census 21,671 White people 11,381 Colored people 10,290 Acreage in cotton in 1879 35,309 acres. Bales produced in 1879 15,21 4 bales. Bales made by white labor 8,584 Bales made by black labor 6,630 Bushels\of corn produced in 1879 492,614 Bushels of oats produced in 1 879 ■ 36,375 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 9,222 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 5,803 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. LAUDERDALE COUNTY. (See Map.) Lauderdale county was established December 23, 1833. Meridian, the county «eat, is an enterprising town of about 5,000 inhabitants, situated at the cross- 62 Laweence Cotjntx. ing of the Mobile & Ohio and the Vicksburg & Meridian Railroads. East Mis- sissippi Mills, engaged in the manufacture of cotton and woolen goods. Earth- enware and pottery factory, Meridian Machine Shops, Meridian Foundry, cot- ton-seed oil mill, and two compresses. Meridian ships about 40,000 bales of cotton annually. Railroads are the Mobile & Ohio, running from north to south through county; the Vicksburg & Meridian, running east to west, almost through the centre; the New Orleans and Northeastern; Alabama Great Southern, and Vir- ginia, Georgia & Tennessee Railroad, which make Meridian a great railroad centre. The water-power in county excellent, on the numerous creeks and streams Great abundance of fine marls in the county. About one -third open land, the balance well timbered with pine, oaks of various kinds, hickory, gum, beech, chestnut, poplar, Sycamore, etc., etc. The products are cotton, corn, sugar- cane, oats, peas, potatoes, (sweet and Irish,) etc. Vegetables of all kinds and fruits grown in great abundance. Some few have turned their attention to fruits and vegetables for market and are doing well. Pasturage extensive — Bermuda, velvet and native grasses for summer, and switch-cane on the creek bottoms for winter. Considerable attention is being j)aid to stock-raising, and is a splendid county for sheep husbandry. Church and school advantages good; society excellent, and the climate mild and salubrious. Land can be bought from individual owners at from $1 to $10 per acre, ac- cording to improvements and location. New-comers will receive a hearty welcome and kind treatment. United States lands for sale 25,320 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 5,640 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 13,402 Population in 1880, from United States census 21,501 White people 9,900 Colored people 11,641 Acreage in cotton in 1879 32,373 acres. Bales produced in 1879 9,'360 bales. Bales made by white labor 4,858 Bales made by black labor 4,492 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 254,798 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 57,843 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 7,585 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. L»^WRENCE COUNTY. (See Map.) Lawrence county was established December 22, 1814. Monticello, the county seat, is situated on the west bank of Pearl river, which runs through the county from the northwest to southeast. Pearl river is navigable for steamboats, affording good facilities for transportation, and floating logs to saw mills. .The timber growth of this county is principally long-leaf or yellow pine of fine quality. On the river and creek bottoms, red and sweet gum, hickory, various kinds of oak, poplar, sycamore, magnolia, cypress, etc. The surface of county level, on rivers and creeks, the balance undulating and hilly. The soil on uplands is sandy and not very fertile, but easily cultivated and improved; on bottoms much more fertile. There are what are called "reed- brakes, " which, when drained and brought into cultivation, are very rich, pro- ducing from 80 to 50 bushels of corn. These "reed-brakes" are common to all the "piney-woods" counties. ' The products are cotton, corn, oats, rice, sugar-cane, sorghum, sweet and Leake County. 63 Irish potatoes, etc. All the various kinds of fruits and vegetables grow and yield abundantly. The pasturage is good and very extensive. Stock-raising and sheep hus- bandry can be made very profitable. The woods pasture for summer grazing, and the switch-cane, in river and creek bottoms, for winter. Church and school advantages generally good; society good, and the climate mild and salubrious. Immigrants of good character, seeking a home in Lawrence county, Missis- sippi, will receive kind treatment aful a hearty welcome. Lands are cheap — a large amount of United States lands at $1.25 per acre, and land owned by indi- viduals can be jjurohased at from §1 to $10 per acre, according to improvements and location. United States lands for sale 96,500 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 6,720 Population in 1880, from United States census 9,422 White people 4,937 Colored people 4,485 Acreage in cotton in 1879 17,806 acres. Bales produced in 1879 5,907 bales. Bales made by white labor 2,673 Bales made by black labor ; . . 2,294 Bushels of corn produced in 1379 217,041 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 41,809 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 5,288 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. LEAKE COUNTY. (See Map.) Leake county was established December 2.3, 1833. Carthage, the county seat, is situated near the centre of the county. The other towns are Conway, Thom- astown, Ofahoma, Good Hope. Walnut Grove and Edinburg. Pearl river runs through the middle of the county, from northeast to south- west, and is navigable to Edinburg, affording transportation — $2 per bale for cotton — to Jackson, Miss. Its tributaries, the Yokanookana, Lobutcha and numerous smaller creeks, afford great water advantages. Surface of county level on bottom lands, the balance undulating and hilly. About one-twentieth in cultivation, the remainder covered with original forests. The timber trees are pine, oaks of every variety, hickory, beech, poplar, chestnut, maple, walnut, sycamore, cypress, etc. Soil consists of red clay hills, loam second-bottoms, alluvial bottoms on creeks and rivers, and the highly productive alluvial called "reed-brakes" or "reed-glades." These " reed-brakes," when reclaimed by drainage, are highly productive. As much as 75 bushels of oats, or 80 to 90 bushels of corn have been grown upon them to the acre; but 40 to 50 bushels would be considered a good average. Products: Cotton, corn, sorghum, sugar-cane, rice, potatoes, and all kinds of vegetables. Fruits for home consumption of all kinds; apples, pears, plums, figs and small fruits. No railroads at present in county, but two chartered roads will pass through it. The range or pasturage is good for eight months in the year, of native grasses, switch-cane and Japan clover, (Lespediza). Church and school privileges good. No neighborhood without a place for preaching and a school. Climate mild and jhealthy, and society good — com- posed of industrious and law-abiding people. Land can be purchased at from 50 cents to f 10 per acre, according to quality, improvement and location. No county in the State surpasses this in the purity and boldness of its numerous streams, and their adaptability to propelling machinery. 64 Lee County. United States landsfor sale 12,640 acres. Delinqent lands held by State Auditor for sale 18,600 acres. Chickasaw school lands for sale 1,800 acres. Poj)ulation in 1870, from United States census 8,496 Population in 1880, from United States census 13,147 White people 8,104 Colored people 5,043 Acreage in cotton in 1879 .* 24,001 acres. Bales produced in 1879 9,016 bales. Bales made by white labor 7,235 Bales made by black labor 1,781 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 256,331 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 44,070 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 1,527 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 13,680 ^ All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. LEE COUNTY. (See Map.) Lee county was established ( October 26, 1866. Tupelo, the county seat, is sit- uated on the Mobile 'and Ohio Railroad, (1,008 inhabitants,); as also are the towns of Shannon, Verona, Saltillo, Guntown and Baldwyn. Water-courses: Town Creek — navigable for 25 miles. Various other creeks make it a well watered county. The Mobile & Ohio Railroad runs through the centre of the county, from north to south, affording transportation. The [soil is very fertile — black hammock, beeswax prairie, black sandy and sandy soils. Produces cotton, corn, oats, wheat, tobacco, potatoes, etc. All kinds of vegetables do well. Fruits, at present, are only grown for home con- sumption. Apples, pears, peaches, figs and all the small fruits do well. Transportation costs |4 per bale to send cotton to Mobile. Some level, some undulating, some broken or hilly lands in this county. Bottom lands make 50 bushels of corn per acre. Timber trees: all kinds of oaks, hickory, ash, gum, poplar, beech, walnut, etc. Pasturage very good nine months in the year. A fine county for stock-rais- ing and sheep husbandry. But very little attention paid to either at the pres- ent time. Church and school privileges very good. There is an excellent female col- lege at Verona. With the exception of chills and fever occasionally, the health of the county very good. Society good. Some grist and saw mills in the county. Good lands can be purchased in the woods at from $3 to $5 per acre, and cleared land at from |5 to flO per acre. Good well water can be had anywhere, and some few springs. Industrious, energetic and rel'able immigrants will receive a hearty welcome. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 2,460 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 15,955 Population in 1880, from United States census 20,461 White people 12,656 Colored people 7,805 Acreage in cotton in 1879 38,578 acres. Bales produced in 1879 14,406 bales. Bales made by white labor 9,540 Bales made by black labor 4,866 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 590,899 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 48,047 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 7,387 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 11,109 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. Leflobe and Lincoln Counties. 65 LEFLORE COUNTY. (See Map.) Lefloi-e county was established March 15th, 1871. Greenwood, the county seat, is an enterprising town, situated on tlie Yazoo river. The other towns ai"e Sidon, Shell Mound, McNutt. Emmaville and Walnut Oity. The Yazoo river runs tnrough the centre of the county. Quiver river. Roebuck Blue, Henry, McNutt, Six Mile, beside many smaller lakes. The Georgia Pacific Railroad will cross the county from east to west and the Mobile and Northwestern from north to south, when completed. Surface of the county generally level. The soil alluvial and very fertile — one to two balws of cotton per acre, or 30 to GO busliels of corn. Producep corn, cotton, oats, millet, wheat and all the varieties of grass that have been tried — all kinds of vegetables and fruits. The timber trees are of great variet,v and very large, composed of red-gum, white oak, black oak, red oak and cow oak, ash, elin, pecan, hickory, tupelo gum, walnut, cypress and many otlier kinds. Many large saw mills in the county. Pasturage very extensive. Forthe winter, cane; and wild grasses for sam- mer; but litlle attention has been paid to stock or sheep Imsbandr^'. Transportation by the Yazoo river, navigable all the year. Costs $2 to $3 to send a bale of cotton to New Orleans, La. Climate warm and moist, winters mild and short. Bilious and intermit- tent fevers the most common forms of sickness, which yield readily to treaA- ment. Our church buildings are poor, but have good ministers and have regular service in the Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian churches. Our high school good as any in the State — *'McNutt High School" — 35 free schools. For hunters, game of various kinds, bear, deer, wild turkeys, wild daci^ wild cats, some few panthers, etc. The lakes, bayous, and rivers abound in fish. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 36,fi40 acres. Internal improvement lands for sale 1,080 acres. Population in 1880 from United States census 10,246 White people 2,230 Colored people 8,016 Acreage in cotton in 1879 17,730 acres. Bales produced in 1879 1 i,925 bales. Bales made by white labor 2.085 Bales made by black labor 9.8'10 Bushels of corn produced i-i 1879 144,273 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 1,231 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 907 , All kin is of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. Note — This county was not in existence in 1870. LINCOLN COUNTY. (See Map.) Lincoln county was established April 7th, 1870. Brookhaven, the county seat, is situated on the Illinois Central Railroad, an enterprising town of 2,309 inhabitants. The other towns are Montgomery, Bogue Chitto and Caseyville. The water courses are the Bogue Chitto, Amite, Fair, Homochitto, Eist and West Bayou Pierre rivers, with numerous creeks, and give the county fine water power advantages. Connerly's foundry and about 25 saw and planing mills in the county. The Illinois Central Railroad runs through the county from north to south. The Meridian, Brookhaven and Natchez Railroad has 15 miles in operation, and Wesson and Person's Lumber Railroad 5 miles in working order. About four-fifths of the county still well timbered, and about one-fifth cleared and in cultivation. The surface is generally undulating — level on the river and 5 66 Lowndes and Madison Counties. creek bottoms. The soil is sandy loam on ridges and a stiff, productive soil on the numerous river and creek bottoms. About 80 per cent, of the timber stand- ing, is long-leaf or yellow j)ine, and on the bottoms white, red, black and pin oaks, sweet and black gum, hickory, poplar, magnolia, maple and cypress. The crops grown are corn, cotton, sugar-cane, rice, oats, peanuts, Irish and sweet potatoes, all kinds of vegetables and melons. Fruit and fruit growing is on the increase, and~promises to be very profitable. Pasturage extensive. But little attention has been paid to sheep husbandry and stock. Forty churches and 76 free public schools, and one of the very best and largest female colleges in the State, at Brookhaven. Climate mild and salubri- ous. Brookhaven is 500 feet above tide water at New Orleans. Society good; lands can be purchased cheaply, at $1.25 to $10 per acre, as to improvements and location. Permanent settlers will meet with a hearty welcome and kind treatment. United States lands for sale 8,160 acres. Delinquent lands held by Stale Auditor for sale 1,000 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 10,184 Population in 1880 from United States census 1.3,547 White people 7,701 Colored j)eople 5,84G Acreage in cotton in 1879 17,272 acres. Bales produced in 1879 6,286 bales. Bales made by white labor ' • 4,018 Bales made by black labor 2,26S ^Bushels of corn produced in 1879., 209,747 Bushels- of oats produced in 1879 49,924 Pounds of tabacco produced in 1879 5,442 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumotion. LOWNDES COUNTY. (See Map.) Lowndes county was established January 30th, 1830. Columbus, the county seat, is an enterprising city of over 5,000 inhabitants, situated on the Tombig- bee river. A branch railroad from the Mobile and Ohio Railroad runs from Artesia to Columbus, thus giving railroad as well as river trAns[.)ortation. There is a large Cotton-Seed Oil Mill and a Merchant Mill at Goiambus, Miss. Tucker & Son have a fine vineyard near Columbus, where for years they have been making splendid wines from the Scuppernong grapes. The other towns are Crawfo"rd, Artesia, Mayhew, on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, which runs from north to south through the western part of county. The Tombigbee river flows through the county, which, with its tributaries, afford fine water advan- . tages. The Georgia Pacific Railroad has been finished to Columbus. Two-thirds of this county lies west of the Tombigbee river and is for the most part rich, black x^rairie soil, underlaid with rotten limestone, gently undulating, heavily timbered and well ada^Dted to the growth of corn and cotton, also oats, wheat, sorghum, clover. Herds-grass, Orchard-grass, Bermuda grass. The one- third of county east of the Tombigbee has a sandy soil, somewhat hilly, does not grow as good corn as the prairie portion, but makes a fine grade of cotton. Timber growth consists of various kinds of oak, poplar, black walnut, pine, gum, etc. All kinds of fruits and vegetables suitable to latitude grow and yield abundantly. Pasturage good and quite extensive, consisting of nearly all the cultivated grasses and native grasses. Stock-raising could be made very profitable. Society, church and school advantages excellent. Climate mild and salu- brious. Lands can be purchased at from $5 to $25 per acre, according to location and improvement. Settlers of good character wanted, and will be received with kindness and hospitality. Madison County, 67 United States lands for sale 120 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale G40 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 30,502 Population in 1880, from United States census 28,243 White people 5,583 Colored people 22,G60 Acreage in cotton in 1879 64,670 acres. Bales produced in 1879 21,886 bales. Bales made by white labor 6,738 Bales made by black labor 15,148 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 582,736 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 41,230 Bushels of wheat i^roduced in 1879 8,099 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 ' 1,734 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for kome consumption. Note. — lu 1872, part of this county was cut off to form Clay county. MADISON COUNTY. (See :\Iap.) Madison county was established January 29, 1828. Canton is the county seat, contains 2,860 inhabitants, and is on the Illinois Central Railroad. The other towns are Livingston, Vernon, Camden, Sharon, Couparle City, Madison Station! Flora. The Big Black river runs along the whole northwestern boundary of the county, and the Pearl river along the f outheastern border. The creeks tribu- tary to these rivers afford great water advantages. Kontuckla and Doak's creeks hhve splendid water-power. The open and timber lands are about equally divided. Timber: all kinds of oak, hickory, pine, gum, poplar, walnut beech, cypress. The surface of county gently undulating, and the soil various in character and quality, with a clay sub-soil; a great deal quite rich, with fine alluvial on creek and river bottoms. Limestone and marls have been discovered in great abundance in some portions of the county. Pasturage extensive and good — old fields covered with native grasses, Ber- muda grass and Japan clover. Fine county for sheep husbandry. Fine fruit lands. Peaches, pears, early apples, figs, etc., do well. Strawberries are extensively cultivated. 190 acres in strawberries at Madi- son Station. Fruit shipped to New Orleans, La., and to Chicago and other Northern cities. Particular mention will be made of the small fruits of this county, in another part of this pamphlet. Church and school privileges abundant and excellent. Healthy climate, and society good. Lands very cheap — from $1 to $20 per acre, according to qualty, improve- ment and location. Population needed, and immigrants of good character will receive a hearty welcome. United States lands for sale 100 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 7, 160 acres. Population in 1870, from United States cen.sus 20,948 Population in 1880, from United States census 25,866 AVhite people 5,948 Colored people 19,918 Acreage in cotton in 1879 56,393 acres. Bales produced in 1879 21,538 bales. Bales made by white labor 4,962 Bales made by black labor 16,576 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 381,297 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 21,107 Bushels of wheat j)roduced in 1879 221 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 10,956 All kind* of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised f©r home consumption. 68 ' Maeshall and Maeion Counties. MARSHALL COUNTY. (See Map.) Marshall county was established February 9, 1836. Holly Springs, the county seat, has about 3,000 inhabitants, and is on the Illinois Central Rail- road. The other towns are Waterford, Hudsonville, Mt. Pleasant, Byhalia, Wall Hill, Chulahoma, etc. Water-courses are Coldwater, Pigeon Roost, Chewalla, Spring Creek, and Tallahatchie river on southern border of the county. Railroads are, Illinois Central, running from north to south through the whole county; the Memphis, Selma & Brunswick, which has been graded and partly ironed as far as Holly Springs, will run from southeast to northwest through the county, affording excellent railroad facilities. Factories, wagon factory and wool-carding factory in operation. A cotton- seed oil mill and cotton factory chartered at Holly Springs. About one-ihird of the land open, the rest timbered. The surface of the county undulating, but level on the river and creek bottoms. Soil fertile on creek bottoms, uj^lands generally good and productive. Products: cotton, corn, small grain, and every variety of vegettjble that grows in this latitude. The timber growth consists of all kinds of oak, hick- ory, walnut, poplar, gum, beech, maple, cypress, etc. All kinds of fruits do well, such as apples, peaches, grapes, figs, plums, apri- cots, etc.; also the small fruits, all of which could be grown with profit, for the Chicago and St. Louis markets. Pasturage good and extensive, consisting of Bermuda grass, native grasses and switch-cane. Stock farming and sheep husbandry could be made profit- able. Society good; church and school privileges good, and climate mild and healthful. Some lignite beds (brown coal) have been found. There are also good marls in this county. Good, moral and industrious settlers will receive a hearty welcome by the people of Marshall county. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 1,820 acres.. Population in 1870, from United States census 29,416 Population in 1880, from United States census .... 29,333 White people • 10,986 Colored people 18,347 Acreage in cotton in 1879 67,411 acres. Bales produced in 1879 26,441 bales. Bales made by white labor 10,168 Bales made by black labor 16,273 Bushels of corn produced in 1878 686,062 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 26,646 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 14,604 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 9,733 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. Note. — In 1870, part of this county was taken to form the county of Benton, and part of it, in 1873, to form Tate county. MARION COUNTY. (See Map.) Marion county was established December 9, 1811. Columbia, the county seat, is situated on the east bank of the Pearl river. The other towns are Fordsville, Spring Cottage and Wilksburg. The water-courses are Pearl river, Holliday's creek. Little river. Lower little river, Abalochitto river and Black creek, affording fine water advantages. These streams also furnish fine fish of various kinds; game, such as deer, wild turkeys, etc., abound. The New Orleans & Northeastern Railroad runs through the southeastern portion of coimty. The surface of county on river and creek bottoms level, the balance gently Montgomery County. 69 undulating. The timber growth consists principally of long-leaf or yellow pine, and the lumber men do an extensive business along the water-co\ires, in cutting logs and rafting them to the saw mills. The soil of county generally light and sandy; not fertile, but can be readily improved and easily cultivated. There are many "reed-brakes," which, when drained and properly cultivated, are very fertile. A large portion of the bottom lands are rich and productive — producing corn, cotton, oats, sweet and Irish "potatoes, peas, rice, peanuts, sugar cane, etc. Pasturage very extensive — woods pastures for summer grazing, and switch- cane on the creek aud river bottoms for winter. Some attention has been paid to stock-raising, with profit. School privileges tolerably good; church advantages good. The people are moral, law-abiding, kind and hospitable, and will receive new-comers with kindness. Lands cheap — a vast quantity of United States lands at $1.25 per acre, or can be homesteaded at (<15 for IGO acres. Individual owners of laud will sell at from $1 to $10 per acre, according to improvements and location. United States lands for sale 425,480 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 4,211 Population in 1880, from United States census 6,901 White people 4.451 Black people 2,450 Acreage in cotton in 1879 4,717 acres. Bales produced in 1879 1,579 bales. Bales made by white labor 1,252 Bales made by black labor 327 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 99,941 Bushels of oats produced in 1S79 12,202 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 437 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home'consumption. MONTGOMERY COUNTY. (See Map.) Montgomery county was established May 13, 1871. Winona, the county seat, is an enterprising town of about 1,500 inhabitants. The other towns are Duck Hill, 200, and Lodi, 100. Water-courses : The Big Black runs through the southeastern portion of the county; Hay's Creek, Lewis' Creek, Mulberry- Creek, ^Volf Creek, and many other smaller ones, make it a well watered county. A large per cent, of the lauds are open, but not cultivated, for want of labor. The surface is undulating, level on river and creek bottoms, and a small por- tion hilly. The soil is rich, dark and yellow loam, and in the bottoms dark alluvial, and when protected from overflow and improved by drainage, pro- duces large crops of cotton and corn. Besides these principal crops, oats, wheat, rye, sorghum, field peas, ground jieas, sweet and Irish potatoes do well; as, also, the different kinds of grasses lor pasturage and hay. All kinds of vege- tables grow and produce abundantly; as, also, such fruits as peaches, pears, «arly apples, apricots, figs, strawberries, mulberries, raspberries, blackberries and dewberries. A good deal of attention is now being paid to fruits for home use and market. The timber growth consists of oaks of different kinds, ash poplar, walnut, hickory, chestnut, maple, gum, cypress, etc. Every neighborhood has a church or two and a school house. Climate mild and healthy, and society good. Pasturage extensive. The summer pasturage good — all the land not in cul- tivation used for that purpose. Switch-cane on the creek and river bottoms afford a fine winter pasture. The Illinois Central railway runs through the county from north to south. Industrious, sober and reliable immigrants will receive a hearty welcome aud kind treatment. 70 MoNEOE County. United States lands for sale 15,160 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 1,060 acres. Population in 1880, from United States census 13,348 White people 6,671 Colored people . ; 6,677 Acreage in cotton in 1879 24,636 acres. Bales produced in 1879 10,541 bales. Bales made by white labor 5,933 Bales made by blacli labor 4,608 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 .- 200,650 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 31,275 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 630 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 , 6,863 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. Note. — This county was not in existence in 1870. MONROE COUNTY. (See Map.) Monroe county was established February 9, 1821. Aberdeen, the county seat, has about 2,500 inhabitants. The towiis are Athens, Smithville, Cotton Gin, Central Grove, Camargo, Muldon, Prairie, Hamilton, etc Watercourses: Tombigbee river and Town creek, (navigable,) with numerous small creeks and streams. Railroads: Mobile & Ohio Railroad runs along the western border of the county, with a branch road from Muldon to Aberdeen. The Menlphis, Selma & Brunswick, now being constructed, and the Lexington and Aberdeen Branch of the Illinois Central. Thei transportation facilities are good — the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, the Canton, Aberdeen & Nashville Railroad and the Tombig- bee river. Water-power abundant on the east side of the Tombigbee river. There are 23 water mills and 26 steam mills in the county to grind wheat and corn and to saw timber. About one-third of the land in cultiva- tion, the balance in timber and prairies. Surface of part level and the rest undulating. Limestone and rotten limestone abundant. Fertile prairie soil, and a fine black sand soil, with clay subsoil. Produces abundantly, cot- ton, corn, wheat, oats, field peas, sorghum. All the grasses do well, and much attention is now bedng paid to shgep husbandry and improved stock, with con- siderable success. The timber trees are white, post, red and black oaks, poplar, elm, gum, wal- nut, cypress, etc. School and church privileges ample. Society excellent. Climate mild and salubrious. All that a thrifty and industrious farmer can ask is found in this county — mild and healthy climate, fertite soil, kind and law-abiding people, and lands at from $3 to $25 per acre, according to quality, improvements and location. Men of capital or enterprise, or both, will be welcomed and treated and es- teemed as they may merit. United States lands for sale 4,420 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 25,160 acres. Population in 1870 from United Spates census 22,631 Population in 1880 from United States census 18,553 White people 10,549 Colored people 18,004 Acreage in cotton in 1879 71,402 acres. Bales produced in 1879 23,830 bales » Bales made by white labor 7,943 Bales made by black labor 15,887 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 700,957 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 76,270 Neshoba and Newton Counties. 71 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 18,295 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 16,864 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. Part of this county was taken to form Clay in 1871. NESHOBA COUNTY. (See Map.) Neshoba county was established December 23u, 1833. Philadelphia is the county seat. The other towns are Laurel Hill, Dowdville, New Hope, Dixon and Herbert. Pearl river flows through the county, which, with its tributary creeks, furnishes fine water advantages. The surface of the county is level along the river and creek bottoms, the balance undulating and hilly. The soil on the river and creeks is generally fertile, the undulating lands good, and in the hills sandy, with a clay subsoil, easy to cultivate and readily improved. The timber growth j)ine, various kinds of oak, hickory, black walnut, beech and cypress on river bottoms. The products are corn, cotton, oats, wheat, peas, sweet and Irish potatoes, sorghum, etc. Vegetables of various kinds, and fruits are raised in abundance for home consumption. Lignite, or brown coal, has been found in this county. There are also large beds of marl in different parts of county, and also very fertile "reed brakes." Pasturage extensive, the native grasses for summer and switch-cane and the run of the farms for winter. The scuppernong grai)e grows in great luxuriance in this county and wine making could be made very profitable. Church privileges very good. School advantages moderately good — free schools four months in the year. Society is composed of moral, sober and law- abiding people. Lands cheap. Unimproved at $1 to $4 per acre. Improved at from $3 to §10 per acre, according to location and improvements. A good class of immi- grants desired, and will receive a warm welcome. United States lands for sale 23,640 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 27,320 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 7,439 PoT>ulation in 1880 from United States census 8,741 White people 6,5ij5 Colored people, including Indians 2,18G Acreage in cotton in 1879 14,021 acres. Bales produced in 1879 4,477 bales. Bales made by white labor 3,73a Bales made by black labor 742 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 207,784 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 26,810 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 1,21.5 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 6,091 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. NEWTON COUNTY. (See Map.) Newton county was established February 23d, 1836. Decatur is the county seat. The other towns are Union, Centreville, Lawrence, Newton, Hickory and Chunkey — the last four situated on the Vicksburg and Meridian'Railroad, which runs from west to east through the whole length of the county. The lands are level, undulating and hilly, and the soil varied — prairie, pine lands, bottom lands and reed brakes; and produce, cotton, corn, oats, sorghum, sugar-cane, tobacco, rice, sweet and Irish potatoes, field peas — all kinds of veg- etables and fruits, such as peaches, i>lums, apples, figs, strawberries, dewberries, blackberries, etc. There are fine beds of marl in the county. 72 NoxuBBE County. Water power advantages are good on the various creeks in the county, with the Pinckney Mill, Lewis' old mill near Chunkey, and Moon's Mill, besides many steam saw mills for cutting lumber and grinding corn. The various kinds of timber are: pine, all kinds of oak, sweet and black gum, cedar, magnolia, beech and cypress. The x^asturage is good and extensive for nine months in the year. Stock raising and sheep husbandry could be made very profitable. Church and school privileges very good. Health good, and society excellent. Immigrants of good character, industrious and reliable, will receive a hearty welcome in Newton county. United States lands for sale 1 2,640 acres. DSlinqueut lands held by State Auditor for sale 3.2 60 acres Population in 1870 from United States census 10,067 Ebpulation ia 1880 from United States census 13,436 White people, including Indians 8,427 Colored people 5,009 Acreage in cotton in 1 879 ] 9.589 acres. Bales produced in 1879 6,341 bales. Biales made by white labor 5,567 Bales made by black labor 774 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 261,207 Bhishels of oats produced in 1879 58,336 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 653 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 8,525 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. NOXUBEE COUNTY. (See Map.) Noxubee county was established December 23d, 1833. Macon, the county seat, is an enterprising town of 2,000 inhabitants, situated on the Mobile and ©hio Railroad, which runs from north to south through the centre of the aounty. A railroad has been chartei'ed from Macon, to Eutaw, Alabama. The •ther towns are: Brooksville, Shuqualak, Cooksville, etc. The Noxubee river ffows from the northwest to the southeast through the centre of the county, and with its tributaries, affords fine water advantages. Th prairie portion constitutes the eastern two-thirds of the county, is a rich, black, or reddish black, adhesive soil, and is underlaid by white and blue rotten Ilme-stone. The staple crops are cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, barley, sweet and Irish potatoes, all kinds of garden vegetables and' fruits of every variety adapted to the climate. Stock-raising very profitable. The western third of the county is generally timbered lands, rather roUing, with a light sandy soil on the ridges, and a black, loose, sandy loam in the bot- toms. It is well watered by springs, running creeks and branches. This por- tion is well adapted to fruits and vegetables, but not so productive of the staple erops as the eastern. The climate is pleasant; summers are lon^ but not so intense and debilita- ting as further North. Winters short and mild. Church and school advantages very good. Health of county good, some chills and fever and bilious fever in the autumn, which yield readily to medical treatment. It is the universal wish of the people of Noxubee county, and of the State-at- large, that those of the North and West, who contemplate changing their homes, would come and examine the country, look at the products of the soil, experi- ence the genial climate, accept the hospitality of our citizens, and, if possible, make their homes in this county. Wnited States lands for sale 5,640 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 20,905 Population in 1880, from United States census 29,874 White people 5,300 Colored people 24,574 Oktibbeha and Panola Counties. 73 Acreage in cotton in 1S79 82,483 acres. Bales produced in 1879 25,294 bales. Bales made by white labor .... 4,792 Bales made by black labor 20,502 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 741,542 Bushels of' oats produced in 1879 74,165 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 158 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 8,249 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. OKTIBBEHA OOUNTY. (See Map.) 'Oktibbeha county was established December 23d, 1883. Starkville is the county seat, a thrifty, business town with a branch railroad from Artesia, on the Mobile and Oliio Railroad. The State Agricultural and Mechanical College is situated on the branch railroad, one mile east of Starkville. The other towns are Whitefield, Salem and Montgomery. The Noxubee river runs through the southern portion of county, which, with its tributaries, Cliinca, Talking Warrior and other creeks, wa^^er the southern and central portion. Sand and Red Bull, the eastern, and Trim Cane Creek and other streams, the northern. Theet'stern portion of county is generally of rich prairie soil, interspersed with yellow clay lo ims. A few miles west of Starkville, the Flatwoods appear and extend in width from four to ten miles; this belt of land has n stiff clay soil, and covered with a timber growth of post and white oak. West of the Flatwoods, the Sindy Hills set in and extend to the Webster couuty line. The timber growth of th s portion — various kinds of oak, hickory, pine, black- jack and chestnut. Timber growth of eastern portion of county — white oak, red oak, poplar, black walnut, hickory, gum. Products of county— cotton, c(;rn. sorghum, oats, wheat, rye, barley, sweet and Irish potatoes. All kinds of grasses do well; also fruits and vegetables. Col. W. B. Montgomery has gone quite extensively into stock raising, and owns a large and line herd of registered Jersey cows and cattle. He success- fully cultivates Kentucky blue, orchard, red clover, herds, Johnson and Ber- muda grasses — in fact, the whole prairie section is a fine grass country. I So iety excellent. School and church privileges good. Climate mild and salubrious. Improved lands can be purchased at from ^.'i to s;25 per acre, according to improveqients and location. Permanent settlers, of good character, very much desired, and will receive a warm welcome. United States lands for sale l,-')00 acres. Delinquent lands lield by State Auditor for sale ],fi90 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census H,891 Poi)ulation in 1880. from United States census 15,978 White people 5.107 ted to climate. Pasturage very extensive — the native grasses in the range for summer, and switch cane intlie bc^ttoms for winter. Stock-raising vejy protitable. Beds of marl have been found in the eastern part of county. There is also some lig- nite or brown coah Church and school privileges are good. The people of Tallahatchie are moral, industrious and law-abiding. Health of county generally good; some chills and fever in the bottoms, which yield readily to medical treatment. Immigrants of good character, with energy and some means, would do well to settle in this county; they will meet with a hospitable reception and kind treatment from the citizens. United States lands for sale 7.420 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 87,6-40 acres. Internal Improvement lands for sale 4,880 acres. Chickasaw school hinds for sale .5.280 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 7.8.52 Population in 1H80, from United States census 10.!)2G White people 4,169 Colored people 6,7.57 Acreage in cotton in 187t) 22,643 acres. Bales produced in 187!) 1 1,.570 acres. Bales made by white labor 3,856 Bales made by bhick labor 7.714 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 205,7 19 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 9,288 Bushels of wheat ])roduced in 1879 670 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1 879 5.732 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. TATE COUNTY. (See Map.) Tate county was established April 1.5. 1873. Senatobia, the county seat^ (1,000 inhabitants,) is situated on the Mississippi & Tennessee Ralroad, as, also, Coldwater Depot. Water-courses are the Coldwater river, Hickaiiala, Senato- bia and Arkabuthi creeks. One-third open lands, the rest timbered, and the surface generally uudulat- ing. and level on the creeks. The Mississippi & Tennessee Railroad runs through the county from north- west to soutlieast, affording railroad transportation. It is about 40 miles from Senatobia to Mempliis, Tennessee, by railroad. The soil generally fertile, producing corn, cotton, oats, wlieat, rye, sweet and Irish potatoes, peanuts, etc. The timber trees are all kinds of oaks, gum, pop- lar, walnut, beech, elm, etc. But little attention has been given to fruit-growing — only raised for home consumption. Apples, pears, peaches, figs, strawberries, blackberries, dew- berries, etc., do well and would be profitable if grown for market. Church and school advantages good — free or public schools are ojjen for four or five months during the year. Climate mild and usually healthy; some chills and fever in the latter part of summer and early fall. Society is good as any in the land. No attention has been paid to stock-raising and sheep hasbaiulry: could be made very profitable. Si Tippah County. Lauds are cheap^from $3 to $20 per acre, according to quality and loca- tion. Clover and orchard grass, timothy, herds grass and Bermuda grass grow well, and would be \evy profitable for hay and stock. ' Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 10,160 acres. Population in 1880, from United States census 18,721 White people 9,089 Colored people , 9,632 Acreage in cotton in 1879 48,245 acres. Bales produced in 1879 ' 22,658 bales. Bales made by white labor 10,813 Bales made by black labor 11,840 Bushels of corn produced in-1879 467,144 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 17,628 Bushels or wheat produced in 1879 6,496 Founds of tobacco produced in 1879 1,030 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. Note — This county was not in existence in 1870. TIPPAH COUNTY. (See Map.) Tippah county was established February 9, 1836. Ripley, the county seat j has 800 inhabitants and is the present terminus of the Ripley, Ship Island & Kentucky Railroad. Water courses are: the two Hatchies, the Tallahatchie, and numerous small streams, making it a well watered county. Water power good. The Memphis & Charleston Railroad, (in Tennessee) runs within a few miles of the Northern boundary and the entire width of the county. The Ripley, Ship Island & Kentucky Railroad is completed from Middleton, Tenn., to Rip- ley, and is chartered to run to Ship Island on the Gulf of Mexico. Three- fourths of the land in the county is timbered and hilly, and one-sixth bottom lands and level. The timber trees are: pine, oaks, poplar, walnut, gum, hicko- ry, ash, cypress, etc. The soil is generally productive, and produces corn, cot- ton, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum, millet, sweet and Irish potatoes, all kinds of vegetables and fruits; but only grown for home consumption. Limestone and good marls have been found in some parts of the county; also lignite. (brown coal) and some traces of bituminous coal. Pasturage generally good. Some attention is now being paid to stock rais- ing and sheep husbandry. Church and school advantages excellent. A Female College at Ripley, and one at Blue Mountain. High Schools for boys at Ripley and Blue Mountain, and public or free schools all over the county. Climate very healthy, society good, people sober, industrious and law-abiding. This county has lands productive and cheap, at from f 1 to $10 per acre, ac- cording to quality, improvement and location. Good, sober, industrious and reliable settlers will receive a hearty welcome to Tippah county. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 4,320 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 20,727 Population in 1880 from United States census* 12,867 White people 9,801 Colored people 3,065 Acreage in cotton in 1879 18,758 acres. Bales produced in 1879 7,424 bales. Bales made by white labor ,- • . . 6,074 Bales made by black labor 1,350 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 , 385,623 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 36,435 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 17,941 Tishomingo and Tunica'' Counties. 65- Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 25,127 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc, raised for home consumption. *NoTE— In 1870 parts of this county were taken to form Union and Benton counties. TISHOMINGO COUNTY. (See Map.) Tishomingo county was established February 9, 183G. luka, the county seat, is located on the Memphis and Charlestdn Railroad, and contains 850 inhabitants. The other towns are, Burnsville, Bay Spring, Eastport and Car- tersville. The Tennessee river flows along the northeastern corner, and the other water courses are. Bear Creek, Little Bear, Cripple Deer, MacKeys, Indian, and Yel- low Creeks, affording splendid water power. Factories: Bay Springs Cotton Factory and Merchant Flour Mill, besides several grist and saw mills. For transportation: The Tennessee River, and the Memphis and Charleston Railroad — 40 cents par 100 lbs. to Memphis, Tennessee, and 65 cents to Louis- ville, Kentucky; 40 cents to Evansville, Indiana; $1.75 per bale of cotton to Memphis; $1 to Evansville, and $1.25 to Cincinnati, Ohio. About one-third of county open lands; the surface undulating, with level creek bottoms; north- east portion broken and hilly. The timber trees are, pine, black-jack, post oak, white oak, red oak, hickory, poplar, gum, walnut, maple, cypress, etc. The character of the soil is light, sandy, easily cultivated, and the bottom lands on creeks rich alluvial. Produces corn, cotton, oats, wheat, rye, rice, sorghum, tobacco, potatoes, etc. Peaches, pears, plums, figs, and the small fruits do well. This is a good cbunty for stock raising. Cattle and sheep do well for seven months in the year on the woods pasture. Church and school privileges very good. Public free schools open five months in the year. Society good, people moral, industrious and temperate. A dry and salubrious climate. Fine mineral water springs at luka, where many people every summer resort for health. The minerals in the county are iron, kaolin, (porcelain clay.) alumnious limestone for hydraulic cement, silica 79 per cent, pure, red-paint earth, fire proof brick clay, yellow okra, elc. luka has seventeen mineral springs; some seasons visited by over 5,000 people. Good, industrious and reliable immigrants will receive a hearty welcome, and kind treatment. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 8,G40 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 7,350 Population in 1880 from United States census 8,774 White people 7,Gll Colored people 1 )163 Acreage in cotton in 1879 ., 7,555 acres. Bales produced in 1879 2,672 bales. Bales made by white labor 2,432 Bales made by black labor 240 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 280,054 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 25,282 ^ Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 3,094 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 13,526 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. • TUNICA COUNTY. (See Map.) Tunica county was established February 9, 1836. Austin, the county seat, has about 250 inhabitants. The Mississippi river flows along the whole west- tern boundary of the county; the other streams are, the Cold Water river, In- dian Creek and Flower Lake, tributaries of ths Yazoo river. The towns on the Mississippi river are Burnett, 0. K., Commerce and Mhoon's. The L., N. O. 'fe T. R. R. runs through centre of county, from Memphis to New Orleans. 86 Union County. This coTinty lies wholly in the bottom, and is therefore level. The soil allu- Tial, black sandy loam on the river fiont; the black, lands are chiefly stiff buck- ehot, and both considered very fertile; anything will grow well adapted to the climate— cotton, corn, oats, millet, clover, tobacco. About one-eighth cleared, tlie balance heavily timbered with white oak. red oak, red and sweet gum, wal- fiuti cotton wood, hickory and a great abundance of fine cypress. Pasturage very extensive, especially on the back lands; cane, grass and acorns for hogs. School privileges are good; some churches, but principally for colored peo- ]gle. Society, very little of it, mostly colored people in the county and the white people live so far apart that they cannot be very social. Health of the comity fair; the diseases all of a malafial type; chills and fever e isily hnndled and not often fat U. Thet* are goo.l m luy mills atid gins ia the county, run by ste im power. Game, fish, deer. bear, wild tin-keys, wild hogs, wild ducks, wild cats, some few panlliers, afford good sport fur liunter. Tliare is every alviutiga fo.- i:n ni^'riats. Wikl binds fjra very cheap. ?1 to $5 per acra. Good, sober au3 in lastrioas nsTV-comers will find a hearty wel- come and every assistance possible will be given thein. Delinquent lands hald !)y S'lte A.i litor for sale 12.320 acres. Population in 1S7() fi-oin Daitsd States census S.iioS Population in 1880 from United States census b.4{i L "?\'hite i>eople I,:^ri6 Colui'ed people 7.'J(\5 Aci'eage in cottoii in 1879 1().!)9(> acres. Bales produced in 1879 ". 10.705 bales. Bales made by white laboi- 1.1?;59 Bales made by black labor 9.4(7() Bushels of corn produced in 1879 19S,"-.'i2 Bushels of oals produced in 1879 ■i,S20 All kinds of veget-tbles, fraits, etc., raised for lio:ne consumption. UNION COUNTY. (See Map.) Union county was established Aj^ril 7, 1870. New Albany, the qounty seat, lias about 800 inhabitants. The other towns are. Ellistown. Myrtle and Rocky Ford. The Tallahatchie river runs through centre of count j, M'hich, wiih its numerous tributary creeks, affords good water power. About one-fourth of tlie land open, the rest well timbered with white, red and black oalc, poplar, hickory, ash, pine. gum. walnut, etc. Loamy sdil with a red clay suljsoU, producing cotton, corn, wheat, o its, rye. sweet and Irish pota- toes, sorghum and grasses of various kinds. All kinds of vegetables grow fine- ly, and fruits, such as apples, peaches, pears, figs, strawberries, blackberries, dewberries, etc.. bear good crops for home use. Pasturage good and very extensive. Japan clover on the hills and bottoms affords tine grazing for sheep and cattle. Stock-raising would be very profita- ble in this county. The climate is mild and salubrious. Society good — composed of sober, moral and industrious people. Some lignite, (or brown coal) has been found, also marls and limestone in portions of th« county. 'J'here are several fine grist and saw mills on the Tallahatchie river, and a number of steam mill^ in different portions of tb.e county. Settlers from the other States of good character, reliable and industrious, will meet with a warm welcome in Union county. Lands can be bought at from §J to $10 per acre, according to improvements and location. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 9.160 acres. Population in 1 880, from United States census 13,030 Waeeen and Washington Counties. 87 White people 9-940 Colored people 3.090 Acreage in cotton in 1879 21,255 acres. Bales produced in 1871) 8.259 bales. Bales made by whii e labor 6.56.S Bales made by black labor : 1.6V)1 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 429.040 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 2(!.41." Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 •. 13.255 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 7,573 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc , raised for home consumption. WARREN COUNTY. (See Map.) Warren county was established February 9, I82fi. Vicksburg. the county seat, is an enterprising and business city of about 13.000 inhabitants, and has tluee sash factories, one cotton-seed oil mill, one ice factory and two largo co»ii[)resses. The Mississippi river flows along the western border and the Big Black river forms the southern and eastern l>oaud.iry of the county. The Yazoo rivcr runs througli t le northern and eastern part of the county. ThH Vicksburg and xMeridiau Railioid has its termiuus at the heroic city and the Cincinnati. New Orleans and Texas R lilway has been completed from' Vicksburg to Siireveport. The Louisville, New Orleans and Texas Railroad runs along the western border of the county, and through the centre of the great Mississippi bottom, from Memphis to New Orleans. O.i the river.s the! lands are level; liigh bluffs overhang the Mis=issipps river at Vicksburg, and the surface ot the county back to the Big Black river is gen- erally broken and hilly. Tlia soil is of a rich brownish loam, intermixed with sea shells and of great fertility. At one time these hills were densely covered with immense walnut trees, from which they derived the name of tlie "Walnut Hills." About one-half the land open and the balance timbered with white, red and black oak. poplar, ash, locust, elm. mignolia, and some walnut still standing. On the river bottoms, gum. cottouwood, and immense cypress brakes. Cotton, corn, sorghum, oats, all the grasses are grown, and make good crops. The bluff formation in this county seems to bj the home of the pear and the grape. Other fruits do weU. and all kinds of vegetables grow luxuriantly. Society goofl; cliurch and school advantages abundant. Pasturage very extensive, m iklng a tine county for stock raising. Settlers of good character and industrious habits will receive a warm wel- come in Warren county. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 1G.G40 acres. Population in 1 870 from United States census 26.7(;9 Population in 1880 from United States census 31.212 White people 8,7 l.S Colored people 22.529 Acreage in cotton in 1879 34.127 acres. Bales produced in 1 879 22.950 bales. Bales made by white labor 3.487 Bales made by black labor 19.4«i3 Bushels of corn produced in 1 879 I8b.567 Bushels of oats produced in 1 879 1,045 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 -07 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for homo consumption. WASHINGTON COUNTY. (See Map.) Washington county was established January 29, 1827. Greenville, the conn- 88 Wayxe County. ty seat, is situated on the Mississippi river, , an enterprising town of about' 4,000 inhabitants, and is the terminus of the Georgia Pacific Railroad, also numerous small .towns on the Mississippi, Deer Creek, and Yazoo river. The Mississippi river flows along the western border of the county, and the Yazoo along part of the eastern. Deer Creek, Bogue Phalia, Black Bayou, flow through the length of the county. Lake Lee, Swan Lake, Silver Lake, Lake Washington and Lake Jackson are in the county and afford fine fishing advan- tages. There are cotton-seed oil mills at Greenville and Refuge, and various wagon and blacksmith shops. The Georgia Pacific Railroad is completed from Greenville to Johnsonville in Sunflower county, and the road from Greenville down Deer Creek to the Sharkey county line. Projected railroad from Yazoo City to Greenville. About .560,000 acres of land in the county, probably one-fourth cleared, the balance in timber of immense growth, such as gum, oak, ash, white oak, hickory, walnut and large cypress brakes of great commercial value. Soil, rich alluvial, of great depth, inexhaustible, and produces with negli- gent cultivation a bale of cotton, (often two bales) or 50 to 80 bushels of corn per acre. Raise cotton for market, and corn for home use, but not enough for that purpose. Church and school advantages good in all parts of county. Society excel- lent. Health, an average with the rest of the Delta; some malarial fevers which yield readily to medical treatment. This county has a large quantity of the richest lands in the world — improved and unimproved, that will be sold cheap on long credit; price from $3 to $20 per acre, according to location and improvements. New comers who are industrious, law-abiding and reliable, will receive a hearty welcome and kind treatment from the citizens. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 5,320 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 14,569 Population in 1880 from United States census 25,365 White people 3,474 Colored people , 21,891 Acreage in cotton in 1879 ' 63,409 acres. Bales produced in 1879 64,873 bales. Bales made by white labor 7,815 Bales made by black labor 47,058 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 400,418 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 830 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumptien. WAYNE COUNTY. (See Maf.) Wayne county was established January 30, 1802. Waynesboro, the county seat, is on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. The other towns are Buckatunna, Winchester and State Line. The Mobile and Ohio Railway runs through the county from north to south. Water courses: Chickasahay river, Buckatunna Creek and numerous smaller creeks. The surface of county undulating; the soil varies from rich, black prairie, to poor pine woods, sandy. The timber is principally long-leaf yellow pine. On the bottom lands, magnolia, hickory, water oak, beech, etc. Rich deposits of marl. The fine streams that run all the year afford splendid water power. Woods pasturage good for cattle and sheep. More attention is being paid to sheep husbandry than any other stock; will pay over 50 per cent, on in- vestment; 60 per cent, of the land in the woods, making a fine range for cattle and sheep. Some of the farmers are purchasing improved stock. Mild and salubrious climate. Church and school advantages not good in the pine district — very good in the farming district. Websteb Countt. 8» Some good saw mills doing a good business. But little attention given to fruit culture. Peaches, pears, figs and all the small fruits do well. A. large nursery of fruits trees, plants, etc., at State Line. , „, ^ ^ Nearly one-half the land in this county belongs to the United States Govern- ment, and can be purchased at $1.25 per acre. These lands are well timbered, and will produce good crops of potatoes, rice, sugar-cane; and by using indus- try and some fertilizers, will make a half bale of cotton per acre, or 20 bushels of corn. Some farmers are doing well in these pine woods. Stock needs very little attention during the winter months. United States lands for sale W^J acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 7,-^-0 acres. Population in 1870, from United States census 4,20b Population in 1880, from United States census 8,741 White people J'^i^ Colored people ^'j j„ Acreage in cotton in 1879 7,559 acres. Bales produced in 1879 V^l, Bales made by white labor til Bales made by black labor ^^* Bushels of corn produced in 1879 hnjl Bushels of oats produced in 1879 ^ jt Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 *-^ Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 3,-J4: All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. WEBSTER COUNTY. (See Map.) Webster county was established April G, 1874.* Walthall is the county Beat. The other towns are Greensboro,;Cumberland, Cadaretta and Bellefon- taine. Water courses: Big Black river, and Horsepen, Liudsey, Spring, Cala- About one-fifth of the land open; level on creek bottoms, undulating and hilly. Four-fifths timbered land. Pine, several kinds of oak, hickory, poplar, beech, ash, black-jack, sweet and black gum and cypress on bottoms. Some of the bottom soils very good— the undulating and hilly lands of average fertility —black-jack and pine hills and ridges poor. Produces corn, cotton, wheat, oats, sweet potatoes, peas, etc. Pasturage extensive in the old fields and woods, but only utilized in raising stock for home consumption. Fruits, such as peaches, pears, apples, plums, figs and small fruits do well, but very little attention paid to them; only grown for home use. Church privileges tolerably good. Schools bad, (so report the Chancery Clerk,) consisting of free schools, from two to four months in the year; msome localities they are continued a longer length of time by subscription. Climate mild, and health of county very good; sober, moral and law-abiding people. A\ebster is termed a hill county; but farmers who pursue the proper course, are making a living and a little money. Land is cheap, and new comers who will farm properly could do well, and will receive a warm welcome. Lignite, or brown coal, has been found in various portions of this county; also large beds of iron ore. United States lands for sale ■^n'??^ ^^^^^' Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale J,b4« acres. Population in 1880 from United States census 9)535 White people ^238 Colored people- • • ^ ";'^, ' Acreage in cotton in 1879 l^'fj a«f 3. Bales produced in 1879 6,226 bales. Bales made by white labor M3« Bales made by black labor ^ ''^°° 90 Wilkinson and Winston Counties. Bushels of corn produced in 1879 287,362 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 29,544 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 8,379 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 5,732 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. Note. — This county was not in existence in 1870. It was first called Sum- ner. Name changed to Webster in 1882. WILKINSON COUNTY. (See Map.) Wilkinson county was established January 30, 18'"12. Woodville is the county seat and is situated at the terminus of the Woodville & Bayou Sara Kailroad. The L., N. O. & T. R. R. passes through the eastern border v f the county. The Mississippi river floivs alou^ the western bound iry, and Homjchitto the northern boanJary of county. The Bail ilo river runs through the centre and empties into the Mississippi just above Fort Adams. That portion of the coauty 7esl of Woodville, to the Mississippi river, is of gre It fertility — wirm, li.^ht, lo.imy and generous soil. The natural growth, poplar, lind, mignolii, ash. bl iclc walnut, hickory, oiScs of vai'ious kinds, and cypress in river bottoms. The sesoud part of county, lying north of a line di-awn due east from Woodville to Amite c Junty line, is less inviting in its general aspects and productions. The natural growth consists of pine, poplar, ash, beech, catalpa, hickory, oaks, etc. The third division, lying south of the line drawn east fron Woodville. is a beautiful agricultural couuty, not so hilly ns the other portions, bat geutly undulating. Tiie forest growth consists of the largest poplars, hickory, oaks. ash. elm, beech, magnolia, and abounding in enormous wild grape aud muscadine vines. The soil of this section is fertile, but not so rich as the first division. The produ^jts of counly are cott)n, corn, oats, sugar-cane, sorghum, peas^, peiinuts, and all the grasses. Vegetables of the various kinds grow in great \ luxuriance and abundance. This is a tine county for fruits, especially grapes. Pasturage very fine and suitable for stock-raising aud sheep husbandry. Church aud school advantages very good; society excellent, and climate mild and salubrious. A cordial welcome is extended to all immigrants from every section, whose object is a perm inent settlement, by the citizens of Wilkinson couuty, Miss. United States lands for sale 3,920 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale ; l.KJO acres, Pojiulation in 1>!70. from United States census 12,70.5 Population in 1880, from United States census 17.815 White people 3,569 Colored people ; 1 4.246 Acreage in cotton in 1879 33,720 acres. Bales produced in 1879 16.(;20 bales. Bales made by white labor 1,75G Bales made by black labor 14.864 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 206.985 Busliels of oats produced in 1879 3,035 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 628 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. WINSTON COUNTY. (See Map.) Winston county was established December 23, 1833. Louisville is the county Beat. Other towns are Plattsbnrg, AVebster and Winstonville. Pidncipal water- courses are the Lobutchie, Talahaga and Noxubee, with tributaries, giving very good water-power. This county has principally a sandy soil on the hills, easy to cultivate and Yalobusha County. 91 very productive when fresh. The bottom lands on the creeks and branches are stiff and very fertile. Products: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, field peas, ground peas, sweet and Irish potatoes, sorgliuui, ribbon-cane and rice. Some of the highest hills in Winston county are 1,5UU feet above tide-water in tlie Gulf of Mexico. The greater portion of the land is well timbered with pine, various kinds of on'K, poislar, gum, beech, walnut, cherry and cypress. Pasturage good for seven months in tlie year. Lhurch and school privileges excellent. Sixty-six free public schools in the county. Society good. Very liealthy climate. Bitumi- nous coal has been found in the county, but las not been developed as yet; also good si)ecimens of iron ore. The Star Milling, Mining and Mauufaoturiug Company has been chartered and will soon C( c- -euce operations. '1 here are, 'also, Lir,'e beds of lignite or brown coil, and s I veins of galena or le ul ore have been discovered. The Ko.sciu3ko branch or me lUinoiS Central ilailroad ruii'i thr()u:,'li Winston county. Imrnigr.mts of good c!i ir icter will receive a warm welcome and kind treat- ment from the ciiizeus of Winston county. United States lands for sale ir..7S)0 acres. DtiliiHieiil lands held by SMte .\nditor for sale 'J-Ji) acres. Popiil itiou iu 1870. froai United State.-^ censiis 8.!)84 Population in l«rf!), froai United States census ■'*!-'^^^ ■ While peo[)le ^ (J.llo C.)lo:e 1 peoule '^'^^-t Acre ige in cotton in 1S?'J l-">-0''^l «ci"es. B.ile^ produced in 1S7;» f>-'^'j4 bales. B lies ni I lo by white labor S.S^'J B lies m ide by black labor y^^-l Bnsliels of corn produced in lS7i) 217,786 Bushels of oats produced in llS7i) 37.075 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 4.r.f!0 Pounds of toljacco produced in 187U J,46J All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. YALOBUSHA COUNTY. (See Map.) Yalobusha county was established December '-':!. 183:'.. rofTeeville, the county seat, is situated on the Illinois Central Railroad. The other towns are Water Valley and Torrence, on same railroad, (iaruer, O.ikland and Tillatoba, on the Mississippi & Tennessee Railro ul. The R lilro ul Machine Shop, Yoconi Cotton F ictory. and Sliaw's Foundry and Agricultural Implement Works are located at Water Valley, a thriving town, of about 4,000 inhabi- tants. Surface of land in county level on river and creek bottoms, rest undulating nn:l hilly. Tha S^'.iooner river runs through southern portion and the Yocana through the northern part of the county, which, with their numerous creeks and branches, make it a well watered county. Some good mill sites. Soil yellow loam, clay and sandy, tolerably productive, producing corn, cot- ton, oats, sorghum, sweet and Irish potatoes, wheat and rye. such fruits a.s peaches, pears, early apples, plums, tigs. All the smaller fruits do well, but very little attention 'paid to them. AH the various kinds of vegetables are grosvn for family use. Pasturage extensive— good wood land for summer range, and cane-brakes on creek bottoms for winter pasture. Stock-raising could be made very profitable, but the jieople generally have eUlon on the brain Lignite or brown coal has been found in the county. Good church advantages in nearly every neighborhood; two white and two cohered free schools in every township. The Illinois Central Railroad runs through the connty from north to south, and the Mississippi & Tennessee Railroad, from Grenada to Memphis, Tennes- 92 Yazoo County, see, mns through the southern corner and along the western boundary of the county, affording ample railroad facilities. Yalobusha citizens say to good and reliable people, " Come, and see for yourselves." United States lands for sale •. . . . 7,640 acres. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 12,160 acres. Population in 1870 from United States census 13,254 Population in 1880 from United States census 15,653 White people 7,535 Colored people 8,118 Acreage in cotton in 1879 . 30,398 acres. Bales produced in 1879 12,989 balea> Bales made by white labor 5,668 Bales made by black labor 7,321 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 275,309 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 17,479 Bushels of wheat produced in 1879 2,981 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 5,323 All kinds' of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. YAZOO COUNTY. (See Map.) Yazoo county was established January 21, 1823. Yazoo City is the county- seat, an enterprising town of 2,600 inhabitants, situated on the Yazoo ^ river. The other towns are Safartia, Dover, Benton, Deasonville, Vaughn's, etc. The Yazoo river runs nearly through the centre of county from northeast to south- west, and the Big Black river forms the southern and eastern boundary of the county. The Yazoo river is navigable all the year. The other water-courses are Silver, Panther and Tokeba creeks, and Lake George, Wolf Lake. The Illinois Central railroad runs through the eastern border of county. The Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad runs from Jackson to Yazoo City and passes through a fine portion of the county. There is one cotton-seed oil mill at Yazoo City. Facilities for transportation to market good and charges mod- erate. Very extensive and good beds of marl in county. About one-third of the land in county open, the balance well timbered. About three-fifths of sur- face undulating, the other two-fifths level. Timber trees of great variety — oaks of all kinds, poplar, locust, walnut, elm, beech, hickory, cypress, etc. The soil varied and very fertile. Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, sorghum, peas, all the grasses, all kinds of vegetables and fruits grow in great abundance. Pasturage very extensive — Bermuda grass for summer, and switch-cane and the run of the plantation for winter. Society good. Schools excellent — 130 free schools in county, some of them open ten months and the others four months in the year. Yazoo offers cheap lands and a warm and hospitable welcome to all who de- sire to locate in the county. Delinquent lands held by State Auditor for sale 18,640 acres,. Population in 1870, from United States census 17,279 Population in 1880, from United States census 33,845 White people 8,498 Colored people 25,347 Acreage in cotton in 1879 88,184 acres. Bales produced in 1879 48,321 bales. Pales made by white labor 9,665 Bales made by black labor 38,656 Bushels of corn produced in 1879 524,615 Bushels of oats produced in 1879 5,824 Pounds of tobacco produced in 1879 1,300 All kinds of vegetables, fruits, etc., raised for home consumption. Raileoad Distance Tables. 93 Note. — The sources of information to which I am indebted for the contents of the Hand-Book of Mississippi arp as follows: The United States census of 1870 aui 1880; the State census of 1880; Prof. Eugene W. Hilgard's Geological Report of the State of Mississippi; the prompt and intelligent answers to interrogatories sent out from this office to the Chan- cery Clerks and Superintendents of Education in each county of the State, to- gether with letters from correspondents, and my own personal knowledge of the wants, resources and condition of Mississippi. The Railroad Mileage Tables, at the close of pamj)hlet, were compiled by Col. J. L. Power from the latest x^ublications of the several companies, and will be valuable for reference, not only to immigrants, but to citizens of the State generally. This mass of reliable information and facts is now submitted to the public, by the order of the State Board of Immigration and Agriculture. E. G. WALL, Commissioner. Jackson, Miss., December, 1884. Railroad Distance TabIvKs, INCLUDING RAILROADS PASSING THROUGH OR ENTERING THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. ILLINOIS CENTRAL EAILRO AD. New Obleans to- MlLES. Suave 4.59 Kenner , 10.18 LaBranch 19.42 Frenier 23.92 DeSair 29.77 Manchac 37.52 Alligator 42.97 Ponchatoula 48,13 Hammond 52.79 Tickfaw , 57.95 Independence 62.14 Gillett's 67.66 Amite 68.51 Areola 72.28 Tangipahoa 78.64 Kent's Mill 82.30 Beechwood 83.66 Roncal 84.77 Osyka 88.16 Chatawa 92.02 Magnolia 97.98 Quinn's 103.06 McComb 105.00 Summit 108.00 Johnston's 112.57 Bogue Chitto 118.80 "Chamberlain's 124.50 New Obleans to — Miles. Canton 206.27 Way's Bluff 215.48 Vaughan's 219.91 Pickens 226.55 Goodman 233.53 Kosciusko Junction 238.30 Duraut 241.45 McGee's 247.20 West's 250.89 Beatty 256.52 Vaiden 260.90 Foltz 267.92 Winona 271.48 Sawyer's 274.41 Eskridge 278.27 Duck Hill 282.59 Elliott 286.72 Grenada 294.35 Torrance 302.43 Coffeeville 309.91 Dickson 316.72 Water Valley 323.15 Springdale 328.54 Taylor's 332.27 Oxford 340.23 College Hill 343.50 Abbeville 350.19 94 Raileoad Distance Tables. Illinois Central Raileoad - Contimied. Brookhaven 128.98 Montgomery 133.31 Wesson 137.78 BeMUi-egavd 139 .sy Martinsville 1 44.45 HazJehuvst 149.46 Gallman 154.41 Crystal Springs 158.63 Terry 167.20 Byram 173 83 Jackson 182.98 Tougaloo 190. i 7 Madison 196 07 Calhoun 198.91 Spring Creek 355.71 VVaterford 3G0.6O Holly Springs 369 30 Hudsonyille 376.92 Ijamar 3S1.98 Michigan City 3S8.02 Grand Junction 394 13 Bolivar, Tenn 412 68 Jackson, Tenn 440.63 Milan 463.64 Cairo Depot 650.00 St. Louis 700.00 Chicago 915.00 ILLINOIS CENTRAL— Yazoo City Beanch. Jackson to — Miles. Asylum Switch , 181 Annie 5 88 Pochahontas 13.75 Flora 18 91 Morey 23.61 Jackson to — Miles, Bentonia 26.47 Anding 30.42 Valley 37.95 Yazoo City 45.34 ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD— Lexington and Aeekdeen Division. Lexington to Aberdeen, 99 miles; New Orleans to Aberdeen, 343 miles; Jack- son to Aberdeen, 160 miles. New Oeleans to — Miles. | Lexington 253 69 Gray's Mill 248 99 Durant 241.45^ Kosciusko Junction 2'42.81* Sallis ■ 250.74 Kosciusko 256.20 Ethel 264.82 Mel 'ool 274.20 Wier's 279.88 Fentress 284.45 New Okleans to — ' Miles. Ackerman 287.55 Sturges 296 20 Longview 304.75 Starkville 312.31 ( »sborn 319.22 AVest Point 326.30 White's 330.62 Strong's 334 05 Reynolds 337.05 Aberdeen 342.87 DuEANT TO — Miles. Gray's Mill 8 Lexington 12 Sallis 10 Kosciusko 21 Ethel 30 McCool 40 Wier's 45 Fentress 60 Ackerman 53 Stnrges 62 DuEANT TO — Miles. Longview — Starkville 78 Osborn 85 Muldrow. — West Point 92 White's — Strong's 95 Reynolds 102 Aberdeen 108 Kaileoad Distance Tables. 95 MISSISSIPPI AND TENNESSEE RAILROAD. Station. Grenada to Hardy . Garner Tillatoba Oakland Harrison Pope Courtland Bates^ille Sardis From Grenada to Memphis, 100 miles. Miles. | Station. 8 Como 13 Senatobia 16 Coldwater 22 Love Hernando Nesbit Horn Lake Whitehaven 27 34 36 41 50 Memphis ^I ILES. 56 G3 f>9 72 78 82 88 92 100 MOBILE AND OHIO RAILROAD. Mobile to Cairo, 493 miles. Southern Division, Mobile to Okolona; Northern Division, Okolona to Cairo. Mobile to — Mile Citronelle 32 State Line, Miss 62 Buckatunna 70 Winchester 77, Waynesboro 82. Shubuta 96 DeSoto 104 Quitman 109 Enterprise 120. Okatibbee ■ 129 Meridian 135 Marion 140 Lockhart 146 Lauderdale l.'iM, Tamola 158 Narkeeta 163 Sucarnoche 168. Scooba 176, Wahalak 182. Shuqualak 188 Macon 197. Brooksville 206. Crawford 211.1 Artesia 219.2 Mayhew 224.1 Tibbee 227.0 West Point 232.5 Muldon 241.3 Prairie 245.7 E^rypt 2.53 8 Okolona 2615 Shannon 269 3 Vei ona 274 7 Tupelo 279.2 Saltillo 287.5 Guntown 292.3 Baldwyn 297.4 Booi^fville 308 6 Eienzi 3i6.7 Corinth 328 8 Jackson. Tenn 386.0 Humboldt 403.0 Union City 446.8 Columbus. Ky 470.3 Cairo 493.0 MOBILE AND OHIO Il.\ILROAD— Bbanches. Columbus Bbanch. Columbus to Cobb's, 8 miles; to Artesia, 13.') miles. Starkville Bbanoh. Starkville to Sessuma, 6.8 miles; to Artesia, 10.1 miles. Abeedeen Bbanoh. Aberdeen to Sykes, 5 miles; to Muldon, 9 miles. 96 Raileoad Distance Tables. MEMPHIS AND CHARLESTON RAILROAD. Miles. [ Memphis to — Memphis to — Grand Junction 52.0 iliddleton, (term. Ripley Road) 64.1 Corinth, Miss 93.0 Bnrnsville 107.7 Inka 115.2 Miles, Tuscumbia 154.4: Decatur 188.4 Huntsville 212.8 Chattanooga 310.0 VICKSBITRG AND MERIDIAN RAILROAD. ViOKSBUBG TO — Four 'Mile Bridge. Newman's Bovina Smith's Edwards Midway Bolton Clinton Jackson Pearson's Brandon . Spears Pelahatchie Miles. | Vicksbubg to — Miles. 4 Armistead , 73 7 Bolers 74 10 Morton 79 14 Raworth 85 18 Forest 90 22 Lake 99 26 Lawrence 105 35 Newton 109 44 Hickory 117 50 Chunky 123 59 Graham 128 64 New Orleans Junction 138 71 Meridian 140 NATCHEZ, JACKSON AND COLUMBUS RAILROAD. Stations. Miles. Natchez to Foster* 6.1 Nine Mile Crossing* 9.2 Stanton ., 11.9 Cannonsburg «^^••'■ Lowenburg 17.6 Fowler* 20.6 Fayette 26.1 Harriston 28.1 Stonington 30.1 Red Lick 34.1 Tillman 40.1 Martin 43.1 Hermanyille 49.0 * Flag Stations. Stations. Miles. St. Elmo 52.1 Carlisle 54.1 McCaleb 56.6 Myles 58.6 Carpenter 60.4 Utica 66.9 Adams 72.0 Learned 74.6 Oakley 77.6 Raymond 83.1 McRaven 90.2 Van Winkle® 94.2 Jackson 98.6 NEW ORLEANS AND NORTHEASTERN RAILROAD. From Cincincinati to Meridian, 630.2 miles; From Meridian to New Orleans, 195.8 miles; From Cincinnati to New Orleans, 826.0 miles. Mebidian to — Miles Corinne 8.3 Enterprise 16.7 Mebidian to — Miles. Purvis 101.3 Talowah '. 106.9 Railboad Distance Tables. 97 Wantubee 21.0 Pachuta 26.5 Barnett 30.5 Vossburg 36.1 Heidelburg 39.7 Saiidersville 47.3 Errata 49.3 Laurel 56.4 Ellisville 63.8 Tuscanola 72.8 Eastabutcbee 77.6 Hattiesburg 85.1 Okahola 96.6 Piotona 110.9 Hillsdale 117.9 Poplarville 124.9 Derby 131.6 Highland 142.3 Mitehells 146.7 Nicholson 162.4 Pearl River 160.2 Slidell 167.0 Guzman 169.0 Pt. Aux Herbra 177.8 Lake Shore 191.4 New Orleans 195.8 LOUISVILLE, NEW ORLEANS AND TEXAS RAILROAD. New Orleans to Memphis, 445 miles; Vicksbnrg to New Orleans, 235 miles: Vicksburg to Memphis, 220 miles. Fkom ViOKSBttuG South — Miles. |'Fkom Vicksbuisg South — To Warrenton Yokena Aliens Galloway ]\Iorehead (Jak Lawn Port Gibson Russnnis PLijs Milton Harriston (Junction) McNair Hambursr Miles. Roxie From Vicksbueg, North — Miles, Kings Blakely Redwood Floweree Hardee : Ealpin Suedes "^^i* atoonia •>-y T'. 3mont Tv. lint Fork At), uilla Nil ;a Yuma Panther Burn Percy HoUoftdale Estelle Areola Welmot Burdette Leland Choctaw 8 Knoxville 76 13 Kells 80 17 Days 83 20 Gloster 91 23 Tatunis 97 25 Centreville 29 Whittaker 37 Norwood , IOC 105 109 42 Wilson 113 45 Gaydeii 116 49 Clinton, La 56 Port Hudson ... 60 Baton Rouge 66 New Orleans .Es. 1 From Vioksbukg, Nobth 5 Clarksdale 8 Lyons 136 134 146 235 : — Miles. 144 146 10 Clover Hill 15® 16 Fants 152 19 Burke 1.54 22 Coahoma 28 Walton 157 168 32 Lula 164 36 Hamlins 166 39 Carnesville 44 Townsends 49 Busby 168 17« 172 53 Beaver Dam 56 Club House 176 177 59 Austin 178 63 Tunica 182 67 Hollywood 71 Collins 186 189 73 Robiusonville 191 77 DeSoto 196 81 Lake Cormorant 93 Glover 199 203 Raileoad Distance Tables. Nicholson 96 Coleman 107 Merigold 113 Shelby 122 Duncan 129 Bobo 136 Walls 205 Lake View, Tenn 207 Ensleys, Tenn 213 Etters, Tenn 215 Eemphis, Tenn 220 LOUISVILLE AHD NASHVILLE EAILROAD. New Orleans to Mobile, 141 miles. INew Orleans, to — Miles. Ponchar train Junction 5 Lee 9 Micheaud 13 'Chef Menteur 20 Lake Catherine ^ . . . 26 .B,igolets 31 Look Out 36 ■Claiborne 40 Toulme 45 Waveland 48 Ulmanville — Bay St. Louis 52 Hendersoir s Point — Pass Chrislian 58 Long Beach — Mississippi City 71 BeauYoir 75 Biloxi 80 New Orleans "^o-^^^^^^^^ Miles. Ocean Springs 84 Belle Fontaine 90 West Pascagoula 97 Scranton 100 Murray — Grand Bay 116 Fernland — Saint Elmo 121 Otis' Mill Fowl River — Venetia 132 Mobile 141 Pensacola 202 Montgomery 321 Birmingham 417 Louisville 811 Cincinnati 921 SHIP ISLAND, EIPLEY AND KENTUCKY RAILHOAD. IMiLES. I Miles. Ripley to Fnlkner 8I4 Walnut to Middleton 8% Falkner to Tiplersville 4I4 Ripley to Middleton 25 " Tiplersville to Walnut 4 MOBILE AND NORTH-WESTERN RAILROAD. Completed from Glendale to Clarksdale, Coahoma county — 30 miles, of Company at Glendale. Glendale to Magnolia 7 miles. To Jonestown 17 miles. To Clarksdale 30 miles. Offices GEORGIA PACIFIC RAILWAY. Atlanta to Birmingham, 167 miles; a gap of about 70 miles between Bir- mingham and Patton Mines; Patton Mines to Columbus, Miss., 72 miles. Mississippi Division — Greenville to Sharkey, via Stoneville, 24 miles; from Stoneville to Johnsonville, 20 miles. Railboad and Riveb Distance Tables. ALABAMA GREAT SOUTHERN RAILROAD. From Chattanooga, via Biimiugham, to Meridian, 295 miles. 99 Meridian to — Zenitli Toomsuba Miles. Meridian to — Miles. 8.0 Birmingham 152.2 l'-'.5 Chattauoojra 295.2 QUEEN AND CRESCEKT ROUTE. Includes : Cincinnati SouxHF'iW — From Cincinnati to Chattanooga, via Lexington, Ky., 336 miles. Alabama Southekn — Chattanooga, via Birmingliam, to Meridian, 295 miles. New Orleans and North-Eastebn— Meridian to New Orleans, 19G miles. Total distance Cincinnati to New Orleans, 827 miles. ViOKSEURQ AFD Meridian — Meridian to Vicksburg, ] 40 milcs. ViCKSBURO, SuREVEPORT AND PACIFIC — VicUsburg to Slireveport, 171 miles. Total distance Cincinnati to Meridian, C31 miles; Cincinnati to Vicksburg, 771 miles; Cincinnati to Slireveport, 942 miles. Total Queen and Crescent Route, 1153 miles. WEST FELICIANA RAILr.OAD. Boyon Sara, on Mississippi River, to Woodville, Miss. The Stations are: Ashwood, Turnbull's, Laurel Hill and Wakefield. Trains run every Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday, leaving Woodville at 7 A. M., and Bayou Sara at 2 p. ai. MEMPHIS, SELMA AND BRUNSWICK RAILROAD. At the date of this publication, this road is under contract for early comple- tion, from Memi.)his to Holly Sin-ings. Distance, 45 miles. MISSISSIPPI RIVER. DISTANCES FROM VICKSBUBG, NORTH. Landing. Miles. Landing. Miles. To Young's Point, La 10 Bolivar, Miss ISl)^ Milliken's Bend, La 21 Prentiss, Miss 182 Tallulah, Miss 46 Lake Providence, La 57 Mayersville, Miss 64 Dancansby, Miss 68 Carolina, Miss 79 Leota, Miss . . 82 Egg's Point, Miss 94 Greenville, Miss Ill Napoleon, Ark 184 Florey ville. Miss 192 Carson's Miss 217 Helena, Ark 322 Austin, Miss ' 339 Memphis, Tenn 404 Cairo, 111 677 St. Louis, Mo 877 100 Counties and County Sites, feom tioksbueg south. Landing. Miles. Delta *= Davis' Beud 25 Grand Gulf 40 St. Joseph 55 Landing. Miles. Rodney 60 Waterproof '^^ Natchez 100 New Orleans 4:0a COUNTIES AND COUNTY SITES; COUNTY. OOUETS HELD AT Adams Natchez. Alcorn Corinth. Amite Liberty. Attala Kosciusko. Benton Ashland. Bolivar . . . ; Rosedale. Calhoun Pittsboro. ., ,, ) CarroUton. <-arroll, J Vaiden. _,, . , ) Houston. Chickasaw,;^ Okolona. Choctaw Chester. Claiborne Port Gibson. Clarke Enterprise. Coahoma Friars Point. Copiah Hazlehurst. Covington Williamsburg. Clay West Point. DeSoto Hernando. Franklin Meadville. Greene Leakesville. Grenada Grenada. Hancock Bay St. Louis. Harrison Mississippi City. „. ^ ) Raymond. Hinds, ^ Jackson. Holmes Lexington. Issaquena Mayersville. Itawamba Fulton. Jackson Scranton. Jasper Paulding. Jefferson Fayette. Jones Ellisville. Kemper DeKalb. Lafayette Oxford. Lauderdale Meridian. Lawrence Monticello. Leake Carthage. Lee Tupelo. COUNTY. COUETS HELD AT.. Lincoln Brookhaven. Lowndes Columbus. Leflore Greenwood. Madison Canton. Marion Columbia. Marshall Holly Springs. Monroe Aberdeen. Montgomery Winona. Neshoba Philadelphia. Newton Decatur. Noxubee Macon. Oktibbeha Starkville. Panola Sardis. Perry Augusta. Pike Magnolia. Pontotoc Pontotoc. Prentiss Booiieville. Quitman Eelan. Rankin Brandon. Scott Forest. Sharkey Rolling Fork. Simpson Westville. Smith Raleigh. Sunflower JohnsonviUe. Tallahatchie Charleston. Tippah Ripley. Tishomingo luka. Tnnica Austin. Tate Senatobia. Union New Albany. Warren.: Vicksburfr, Washington Greenvill . Wayne Waynesboro. Webster Walthall. Wilkinson Woodville. Winston Louisville. ) ....... Coffeevillc. Yalobusha, ^ "_ ^yji^er Valley. Yazoo Yazoo City. T I I Z<91 1 T O N..- ^, X MISSISSIPPI STATE BOARD — ) or (- EOBEET LOWEY, Governcr, W. L. HEKIITGWAY, State Trea:urcr r. C. CATGHINa, Attorney General, E. G. WALL, Com. of Iram. and Agr., I're.<.'t.deri: J/c ruber. Member. Member. T PREPARED AND ISSUED BY R. G. WALL, COMMISSIONER OF IMMIGRATION AND AGRICULTURE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. cv\* ■J — 1 . 1 — I -nil a T "C^ F34 p, ^iw5M If imM fe.X::iisi■.^^"'^"-"^ Central Prairie Region ; Beds of Limestone and large quantities of Marlj have been found in this section, interspersed with a great variety of timber, the long leaf and short leaf pine predominating. Long Leif Pine Region, almost entirely covered with the best Yellow Pinetimber. Gulf Coi.Bt Region, interspersed with Long Leaf Pine,