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THE
FLOCK OF SHEEP;
OR
FAMILIAR EXPLANATIONS
OF
SIMPLE FACTS
NEW HAVEN .
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED
BY S. BABCOCK.
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■fHE
FLOCK OF SHEEP.
Ann Green went out one day to
walk with her mamma, and they met
on the road a large flock of sheep.
" Pray, mamma," said Ann> "why do
folks keep go marly sheep t What
do they want them for ?"
" Sheep are of very great use to
lis, my deal:, both when alive and
when they are dead. The wool which
you see on theif backs is cut off once
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FAMILIAR EXPLANATIONS.
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|| a year ; it gives them no mcrfe p'aift
jjg? than I give you when I cut your hair."
|| " But are they not very cold when
S3 they lose that great, thick coat of hair ?"
m " I dare say they are cold just at
m first ; but the wool is shorn, or cut off,
|] at a warm time of the year, so that
H they do not miss it so much as they
H would do if it Were cold weather.
|| The wool is then spun into threads of
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M all sorts, and wove on a loom, by the
H weaver* into cloth, such as your papa's
§| coat is made of, and into flannel, blan-
H kets, carpet^ and many other things.
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FAMILIAR EXPLANATIONS.
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gj You have seen me buy yarn, spun from g
|| lamb's wool, to knit stock- ~" M
^ ings with. Lamb's wool
111 is the finest and softest
Q kind of wool."
m " But, mamma, the wool
these sheep is white,
H but the cloth I have seen
Eg is red, green, black and blue ; how jf|
|| is this ? m m
m " The wool is dyed, that is, stained gj
II with a color, or dye. You know you gj
m stain your paper with paint of all gj
H colors, to make what you call a gay m
§| picture ; and wool is stained with m
H color also, though not in the same H
{gj way. Nearly all our warmest clothing gj
|U is made from the wool of the sheep, j||
If and I hardly know how we should be gj
m kept warm without it. You must gg
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_ now, my dear, see that a great many m
H sheep must be kept to furnish wool for g|
jH all those who need warm clothing." m
If " And of what use are dead sheep, j§j
5 mamma.
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FAMILIAR EXPLANATIONS.
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g " We eat their flesh, which is called jj
jH mutton, and which is a cheap, rich and ||
jjj nourishing food. Their skins are ||
made into leather
£3 for the covers of
D*i books, and for ma-
ts** , 7
m ny other purposes ;
P. and also into parch-i
iH* ment, which is used
|| for writing such things on as we wish
g 1 to have kept for a long time ; parch- gj
|| ment being much stronger and more gj
H durable than paper, will last a great |g
Si many years. The flesh of lambs, or m
m young sheep, is not called mu-tton, but m
I lamb." H
S3 " Your orown, mamma, is not cloth, &&
jg like papa's coat, nor is my frock, and ^
p my stockings are cotton ; what are ||
gg they made of?"
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" My gown, Ann, is silk. Silk is
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m made by silk-worms, who spin it out m
H of their own bodies. You have seen ^
|| a spider make his web of little threads g
Si which it draws out of its body ; now m
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6 FAMILIAR EXPLANATIONS.
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these threads are much like those
spun by the silk-worm, only they are
not spun in the same way, for the _
worm winds them round and round ||
his own body, till they form the shape p|
of a small egg. If the silk is not |g
wound off by those who keep silk- gg
worms, after a while it eats its way P
out of the ball, and becomes a moth." ||
" I should not have thought a worm ||
could make silk! What color is it, g|
mamma ? £|
" Yellow ; but, like wool, it can be g
dyad of all colors. Your frock is
made of cotton, which is also spun
into thread, like wool, and this thread
is then wove into dif-
ferent kinds of cloth,
such as calicos, mus-
lins, sheetings, shirt-
ings, and a great ma-
ny other things. Cot-
ton grows on a kind of
plant, called the cotton
plant. There are also two other kinds H
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^3i of plants, the one called hemp, and the
II other flax, from which many sorts of
!| linen cloth are made.
jjgj Flax is made into cloth which we
II use for shirts, sheets, towels, table-
tea cloths, and a great many other uses.
f bes: It is made into the coarsest sheets, and
m into the finest cambrics. Even after
§| it has been worn into rags it does not
jgj cease to be useful. The rags are used
|| by the surgeon in dressing WQWfls,
|| for which it is much better than eot-
£3 ton. They are also made into paper
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||by the paper makers. Paper, you
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FAMILIAR EXPLANATIONS.
H know, my dear, is of great use to us.
H You have seen your papa write a
g§ great many letters on paper which
g| was once nothing but a
Bg few rags. Your books.
&2 too, were made of the
m same things, and so,
|| also, were the paper
II hangings which cover
jg our walls."
gj " Our gloves are not cloth, mamma,
H what are they made of?"
|| "Some gloves are made of silk,
m some of cotton, and some of the soft
m and delicate skins of young animals.
m Our gloves are made
H of the skins of young
goats, which are call-
ed kids. Goats are
not very plenty in
this country ; they are
somewhat like sheep,
but have hair instead
of wool. In many parts of the world
hey live in a wild state, where they
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FAMILIAR EXPLANATIONS. 9 ^
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climb steep rocks, and leap from cliff
to cliff without danger."
" What is papa's hat made of?"
" Of the fur, or hair, of the beaver ;
but the coarser and cheaper kind of
hats are made of the
fur of the rabbit. Your
muff and cape are both
made of the same. The
rabbit is a little timid
and innocent creature,
which we often see in
the woods about here ;
they feed on leaves, clover, grass, and
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fruits ; and dig deep holes in the ^
ground for their nests. You have g
seen a pair of tame rabbits which your g
cousin Thomas keeps in a pen ; and m
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pretty little pets they are. Hats are
also made of the fur of many other
animals, and some are made of silk.
Thus you see, my dear child, that
the goodness of v ! od has given us the
means of making all our clothes ; plants,
of which to make light things, fit for
warm weather, and wool, or fur of
beasts, to make warm things for cold
weather. Also, the flesh of beasts for
food, as well as the seeds ancl fruits
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§|j of many of the plants and trees.
H Wheat and rye give us flour for
Pj bread ; oats and hay and grass and
j|| and corn feed our horses, cows, sheep ||
H and hogs. The cow gives us milk m
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H while alive, and from this milk we
%k make butter and cheese. When
m killed, her flesh, which we call beef, £g
isa is excellent food, and her skin, which ^
j§? the tanner makes into leather, supplies ||
gg tea
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FAMILIAR EXPLANATIONS.
us with - oes ; her horns are made
into combs, and her tallow, or fat, into
candles/
"Yes, mamma, . G_d is very kind,
indeed, and I feel we ought to love
Him for all His goodness to us. How
many good things we have ! But,
mamma, the horse is of great use to us
when alive ; is he of any use when
dead ?"
" Yes, my love, of much use. We
do not eat his flesh, but his skin is
made into leather, and the hair of his
mane and tail into chair and sofa
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j§i s. s. The hog is of use onlv when r^
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m FAMILIAR EXPLANATIONS. 13 &3J
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H he is dead ; then his flesh is good H
jH food ; his fat makes what we call lard ; ||j
&i his skin is sometimes made into P?3
Egg leather for saddles, and his bristles, or &$
^ . • " . ~ " ^
P stiff hair, is made into brushes. But ||
jpl besides these, we have geese, turkeys, ||
Jjgi chickens, and other fowls ; many of ]&&
M the trees give us fruit ; and carrots, m
esi turnips, peas, beans, caboages, pota- ^
m tos, pumpkins, squashes and berries £k
H grow out of the earth for our use." p
!| " Why, mamma, I did not think we ||
j|| had so many good things ! Were all cgj
p| these made for our use ?" H
£g " Yes, Ann, and these ire but a M
^ very small portion of the blessings ggc
m which our Heavenly Father has sur- m
jgg rounded us with. We have everv m
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H thing we can desire for food and ^
|| clothing, for shelter and protection,^
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14 FAMILIAR EXPLANATIONS.
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for comfort and convenience ; and jgj
should we not be grateful to Him who gj
has supplied them all ?" m
" Oh, yes, mamma, we should in- m
deed. Will you tell me what houses H
are made of?" §|
" Some are made of wood, some ofH
brick, and some of stone. All the H
wood you see is made of trees. §
Bricks are made of clay, which is dug gj
out of the earth. Coals, iron, copper, ES
lead, tin, and gold and silver, are duo- issi
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ou of the earth. Iron is worked by ||
the blacksmith into a great many dif- §|
felUt
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FAMILIAR EXPLANATIONS; 15 H
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ferent articles. He makes shoes for jgj
our horses and oxen, shovels and ||
tongs, grates for coal, nails and spikes, jgj
many parts of our carriages, waggons £3
and carts, large chains, and a thousand m
other things which we could not well
do without. Coals keep us warm in m
the winter, and copper, lead and tin Hj
are made into pans, basins, kettles, |f
and many other things which we use £§
in cooking our food. m
You find* then, my child, that all m
things grow in or upon the eatth, and m
that the animals which are of so much m
Use to us, are fed by what grows upon m
the earth. 3 ' g
" But, mamma, you have not spoken |§
of water, which is of much use to us " ||
" True, my love, for we could not ||
do without it ; but rivers, springs, and m
wells come out of the earth. We m
can not drink sea water because it is |f
salt ; it is of less use to us than fresh M
water, by which I mean the water of ||
rivers, brooks, springs and wells, and ||
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m 16 FAMILIAR EXPLANATIONS. m
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H which Las no salt taste. Fish, too, H
p] which rWso serve us for food, live in ||
pi the waUr. We call water a part of ||
££j the earta, or of that world which Go* §g
£3 made for us to dwell on, for there is ^3
m always earth under the water. m
£si When you are older you will know m
Hi more of the great and good things H
H which are on the earth, and these will ||
p show you the wisdom and goodness jgj
|f of God, who could contrive and make ||
Esj them all ; and that men, were they jgj
mi ever so wise, ever so good, could isai
m make nothing not even a shoe or stock- §£8
iUi ing, a coat, a table, a house, a loaf of $$
H bread, if God had not first made cattle, Jgj
H sheep, trees, plants, clay, iron and ||
H corn, and given men sense and reason j|Jj
H to guide and instruct them in their gj
|| labors. Reflect often on these things, gjj
im my dear Ann, and you will find that m
pz you can not sufficiently love and adore fe$
II that great, and good, and kind Parent, H
§| who so bounteously scatters blessings H
on all his creatures." H
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