LTANIAS 
 
 RIT Tr 
 Jet 
 
 Rapie 4 
 
 Mile 
 
 “TE 
 "eu 
 "r 
 
 ane 
 
 TJ 
 
 ner ys 
 FRA TRT 
 
 1% 
 
 se 
 
 + 
 * 
 
 MOLCEtT re" 
 SR EE de, 
 
 yen 27e pre 
 421. te 
 FE 
 
 SR et EE ARE NT PE ME PRET EE ES REED PAR EST RTS RSS ES NEA 
 0 + ÿ h n jhress Per 
 d RS SMOEN A Sur 
 
 ha 
 
 LL b 1 'atesst . à 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 McGill University Libraries / 
 T 800 GIC2 1856 V | 
 Canada at the Universal e | 
 
 GTI TL TER 
 
 3 000 929 680 H 
 
 
 
 Sedo RE 
 
 É F CC REl 
 À PRO PATRIA ET-IMPERIO 2 RRFFER RE) 
 
 
 
 / | 4 ME. mn DS à 
 ie A D | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Re pe pr 
 
 Po pe PE pre 
 
 —lrary 44 LS BU University F1 #55: Mnaadess || 
 
 
 
 
 pr reTFPPF re ER 
 11 ) PORC PRET PE PPRRE UE | 
 eee rOPCr PPEr T| 
 = ET cf oi el ni el Où ai dé ci: q | 
 
 - L 
 
 A 2e + 4 | PE Errer CPE a |, 
 CT PRE PET EPP ERP EPES . , 
 
 [ | 
 
 er 2H 
 
 À 4 rrEIBE enr! 
 
 | rCnee tel ET EPPre 
 =; e A "PET Said oi di di di Frer 11 
 és 2 rer erernt PEFPPFEPr . 
 pr pt rerer CRETE E 
 
 Rd doi nl LÉ dite nu — 
 mr 
 
 
 
 rrr Pere pr “au 4 
 + - juidja anses y 
 
 ecFeSFFPFrr 
 
 
 
 pu qe get 
 
 
 
 1 0 ot pe nt TA 
 + 
 

 
 LE FRE , 
 
 + 
 
 TINIRE 5 
 
 
 

 
 > Mine 701 PR RER | 
 
 
 
1 … 
 
 (NAN 
 
 PE 
 
 
 
 [21 
 
 ré 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 

 
 
 
 : oo 
 
 TT 
 
 Ten 
 Il 
 
 til EL f 
 11RLAR VERIERIAUL LE hien) 
 
 
 
 111 | j Ê 2 14 4 
 I QE ll UE 
 LUTTE 
 
 EAU | | | \ RS 
 
 
 
 THE TROPHY 
 
 EAN 
 
 À A 
 
 ANA 
 \\\ \\\ 
 
 
 
 
 © = ES = pi si 
 
 
 
 
 v 
 2 D VON: PAUSE UE 
 
 A 
 De «| \ \\ 
 Æ((\ \\ 
 \ \ \ NL 
 
 \\ 
 
 ERECTED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CANADIAN SECTION, 
 IN THE ANNEXE DU BORD DE L'EAU, COMPOSED OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS 
 
 
 
 OF THE EXHIBITORS OF FORESTIAI PRODUCTIONS. 
 
 
 
is ; ‘ 
 éd tat dise if jé ; Rens 
 GA À ed ns 
 
 CANADA 
 
 AT THE 
 
 UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION 
 
 OF 
 
 ( 
 
 — 
 D 
 Qt 
 QT 
 
 De 
 
 Printed bn order of the Legislative Assemblp. 
 
 Lg a dt LI PI 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 TORONTO 
 
 PRINTED BY JOHN LOVELL, YONGE STREE. 
 
 de. 
 De © 
 
 
 

 
Là 
 
 COMMUNICATION OF THE REPORT 
 TO 
 
 HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR GENERAL, 
 
 BY 
 
 J'CFECET 
 
 SECRETARY TO THE EXECWTIVE COMMITTEE. 
 
 
 

 
Le, 
 
 SJ RTS 
 
 TO HIS EXCELLENCY 
 
 SR EDMUND WALKER HEAD 
 
 Governor General of the Provinces of British North America, 
 &o. &c. &c. 
 MAY 17 PLEASE Your ExceLLExcy : 
 
 l'he Executive Committee who were charged with the management 
 of the Canadian Exhibition, held in view of the Universal Exhibition in 
 Paris, in 1855, deeming that their duties are now LE on have dissolved, 
 having directed me as their Secretary to present the final Report of their 
 proceedings. 
 
 I have the honor to transmit to you as forming part of my Report, the 
 documents following, which contain the history of the Canadian Exhibi- 
 tion of 1855, namely :- —The Minutes of the Proceedings of the first Commis 
 sion, and the Minutes of the Executive Committee. 2nd. The Report of 
 the Maria to the Committee, including the decision upon the Essays 
 submitted for competition. Srd. A statement in detail under different heads 
 of the expenses incurred by the Commi tte , being the re port of the financial 
 
 #epartment of the Exhibition.  4th. My own report as Commissioner from 
 
 Can 1ada to Paris, with an a ippendix containing copies of three works pub- 
 lished at Paris on the occasion of the Exhibition, 48 letters on the subject 
 of the Exhibition, a complete Catalogue of the prizes awarded to the different 
 
 % countries, being a résumé of the official lists published in the Moniteur, and 
 
 also a sans ment of the sums received and expended A myself. 5th. A 
 report by Sir William Logan, with appendices, comprising a statement of 
 the distribution of the articles after ste close of the exhibis ion, and a list of 
 the prizes awarded to Canada. 
 
 The Report made by William Gunn, Esquire, Treasurer of the Com- 
 mittee, # the statement of the expenses ne) by Sir William Logan and 
 myself acting as Commissioners, and the vouchers for all the monies paid 
 out, have been submitted for the approval of the Auditor of the Public 
 Accounts, and by him certified to be correct. 
 
 J have also forwarded to the Hon. the Secretary of the Province, a case 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 mm + 
 
 
 
 containing all the papers, correspondence, documents and memoranda be- 
 longing to the Executive Committee. 
 
 I have been authorized to conclude some few matters, on account of 
 which the Committee did not think it necessary to continue their sittings, 
 and thus delay the sending in of their report, after continuing their labors 
 for a period of eighteen months; these comprise a few payments to be 
 made of sums appropriated by the Committee, and of some expenses, the 
 accounts for which have not as yet been sent in, amounting in the whole 
 to about two hundred pounds currency, to be paid out of the balance” of 
 £644 2s. 4d. remaining in,my hands. 
 
 Tam further directed to state that the following articles, the property of 
 the Province, are safely deposited as follows, viz., two fine specimens of 
 black walnut and sycamore in the hands of the Hon. John Young, at Mon- 
 treal ; a gold watch, a set of artificial teeth, and a model in silver of a fire 
 engine, in the hands of the Chairman of the Central Local Committee at 
 Toronto. 
 
 Several cases are expected which contain the articles enumerated in de- 
 tail in a list furnished by Sir William Logan, as having been forwarded to 
 Canada. They consist in part of articles belonging to the Province and 
 partly of articles, the property of individuals, for the restoration in good 
 order of which, the Executive Committee were responsible ; the freight of 
 these articles is yet to be paid, out of the balance in hand. 
 
 ” À collection of foreign grain brought from the Paris Exhibition, the 
 Committee have directed to be divided between the Boards of Agriculture 
 for Upper and Lower Canada. This collection having been addressed to 
 Montreal, the following gentlemen have been charged with its distribution, 
 viz., Major Campbell, of St. Hilaire, Chairman of the Board of Agriculture 
 for Lower Canada, the Reverend Messire Villeneuve, Mr. J. Logan, a 
 Mr. Alfred Perry, of Montreal. The samples above referred to came fot 
 the most part from the United Kingdom, Tuscany, Austria, and Algeria. I 
 have no doubt that experiments as to the comparative value of these dif: 
 ferent samples and their adaptation to the climate of Canada, will bétcon- ® 
 ducted in a manner which will be of service to Agriculture throughout the 
 land, 
 
 ARE OT DE UT LS Bnss ae 1h + 
 
 The whole respectfully submitted. 
 
 J. C. TACHÉ, . 
 Secretary of the Canadian Executive Jommittee 
 
 for the Paris Exhibition. 
 
 Toronto, 21st April, 1856. 
 
 
 
ABSTRACT 
 
 PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMMITPEE. 
 
 PROCEEDINGS, 
 
 The communication in October, 1854, of the documents received from 
 the Lords composing the Board of Trade of London, by the Honorable P, 
 J. O. Chauveau, at that time Provincial Secretary, was the first signal 
 which aroused the public to the necessity of having Canada represented at 
 the Exhibition in Paris. 
 
 On communication of these documents to the Legislative Assembly, a 
 Resolution was passed by that House, on motion of the Honorable Mr. 
 Young, in accordance with which, an Address was presented to His Ex- 
 cellency the Governor General, praying that His Excellency would be 
 pleased to take the necessary steps to secure à fitting representation of the 
 products of the Country at the World’s Exhibition of 1855. 
 
 Proceeding upon this Address, a proclamation was issued, constituting 
 a Grand Provincial Committee, composed of gentlemen from all parts 
 of the Country, to whom was confided the care of taking the necessary 
 steps in the matter. 
 
 This Provincial Committee, composed of about two hundred persons, met 
 for the first time on the 30th of October, with Sir Allan Napier MacNab as 
 Chairman, and appointed a sub-Committee, to enquire into and report upon 
 the matter, on the following Thursday, the 2nd November. This Com- 
 mittee was composed of Sir Cusack Roney, the Honorables F. Hineks, P, 
 J, O, Chauveau, T. Mackay, J. Young, Captain Rhodes and Messrs. J. W. 
 Gamble, J. C. Taché, J. Langton, E. W. Logan, de Rottermund, and C. J. 
 Laberge. 
 
 On the day appointed, the sub-Committee above mentioned presented 
 the following Report, which was adopted by the Provincial Committee, 
 
 PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. 
 
 The Committee appointed at the meeting of the Provincial Committee 
 held on the 31st ultimo, to suggest the course to be adopted to secure a 
 
 
 

 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 —- L . . ge mme En 
 —— ———— - ——.—— — — = ———— —_—--- - — | 
 
 
 
 
 
 proper representation of Canadian products at the Paris Exhibition in 
 1855, have the honor to report : 
 
 That after much consideration and discussion they have arrived at the 
 conclusioiis : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 That it is absolutely necessarv, in order to secure the end desired, that 
 authority should be given to the Provincial Committee to purchase such ar- 
 ticles as they deem essential to that object. They are of opinion that any 
 attempt to induce vol untary effort by means of local Fairs would be frudièée 
 The experience of all who were actively engaged in promoting the Canadian | 
 Exhibition atthe World?s Faïr in London in 1851, is, that the success of the ' 
 present effort must depend entirely upon the energy and judgment to be 
 displayed by an efficient Executive to be appointed by the Commissioners. 
 
 They would recommend that the Provincial Committee should delegate 
 their powers to an Executive Committee, to be composed of twenty- one 
 members, fifteen of whom should be in a position to give their : attendance 
 at Quebec ; two should be resident at or near Montreal, the remaïinder to 
 be gentlemen specially connected with the industrial resources of Upper 
 C al rad: | 
 
 Lù ne FE Committee shoulA 2PE Joint rs hs ptége and 
 Secretary ; Such Chairman and 
 vincial Committee 
 
 They recommend the immediate selection of such Executive Com mittee, 
 and with a view to avoid any difficulties, they have ventured to sugzest 
 the names of twenty-one gentlemen, who would, in their opinion, be 
 efficient mem rs Of it to wit : 
 
 The Honorable FT. Me . the Honorable N. F. Belleau, the Honorable 
 F. Hincks, the Honorable J. Young, Mr. Gamble, M.P.P., Mr. Langton, 
 M.P.P., Mr. Cartier. More Mr. T aéhé: M.P.P., Mr. Stevenson, M.P.P, 
 Mr. Brown, M.P.P., Mr, Rhodes, M.P.P., Mr. A. A. Dorion, M.P.P., Sir 
 Cusack Rone street, Mr. E. W. Thompson, Mr. Holwell, Mr. 
 Archambault, of L'Assomption, Mr. Matthie, Mr. L égaré, artist, Mr. L. 
 
 sd 
 
 Denison, and Mr. rh &” ; 
 L 
 
 : 
 AL 
 
 ? 
 
 They further recommend that in communicating the appointment of 
 each member, enquiry should be made from him, whether he is prepared 
 to give his active services to th e Commit ttee, and in case he declines doing 
 
 
 
 so, or, after accepting, if he neglects attending three successive meetings of 
 | the Committee without furnishing a satisfactory excuse, then that his seat 7 
 be considered vacant and the Committee at liberty to fill up the vacancy. 
 They recommend that the quorum of the Executive Committee shall 
 be five. 
 
 The Committee do not deem it necessary to go into a detailed 
 
 
 
 
EE me | 
 
 statement of their views, as to the duties devolving upon the Executive 
 Committee. 
 
 They would however probably in the first instance, determine as to 
 the description and classification of the articles which it would be 
 expedient to offer for exhibition : sub-Committees might take charge of 
 the various classes, and assisted by the Local Committees they will ren- 
 der less difficult the selection of the articles and the means of, obtaining 
 them. 
 
 The Committee consider that they should not omit to recommend 
 to the attention of the Executive Committee the importance of securing 
 the publication of a work upon Canada, its productions and resources, 
 accompanied by a map, shewing the geographical features of the 
 Country, and the different routes followed by European emigration, cost 
 of passage, &c. 
 
 The Committee suggest that competition should be invited for such 
 work by the offer of one or more adequate prizes. 
 
 It has not fallen within the province of this Committee to enter 
 into the consideration of the amount which will be required to effect the 
 objects contemplated. 
 
 They entertain no doubt however, that the sum required will be 
 obtained, to carry out efficiently a project which so seriously concerns 
 the advantage and the best interests of the Province. 
 
 The whole nevertheless humbly submitted, 
 
 T. McKAY, 
 Chairman of the sub-Committee. 
 
 By the adoption of this Report, the Executive Committee of the 
 Canadian Exhibition in Paris, composed of the gentlemen whose names 
 it contains, became constituted. At a later period the Honorable Mr. 
 Chauveau, of Quebec, was added to the Executive Committee instead 
 of Mr. Holwell, and Mr. Louis Ricard, instead of Mr. Archambault, the 
 two gentiemen so replaced being absent. 
 
 Onthe very day of its formation, the Executive Committee held a 
 meeting and elected the Honorable Francis Hincks, Chairman, Mr. J. C. 
 Taché, Secretary, and W. Gunn, Esquire, Treasurer. About the middle 
 of the following summer, 1855, Mr. Hincks having been appointed 
 Governor General of the Windward Islands, Captain Rhodes, of Quebec, 
 succeeded him as Chairman of the Committee. 
 
 On the 4th November, the Executive Committee published the 
 following regulation, to serve as a guide for the line of conduct to be 
 
 followed : 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 THE EXECUTIVE COMMIT TEE 
 
 Appointed to ensure a fitting representation of the industry and resources 
 Of Canada at the Worlds Exhibition to be held in P 
 
 aris in the year 
 1855, have the honor to report : 
 
 That the success of the present effort to 
 exhibition of Canadian industry at the Paris Exhibition must depend, 
 in à great degree, on the cordial and zealous Co-operation of the public 
 at large through the several Local Committees. It has been deemed 
 absolutely necessary, in order to ensure unity of action as well as 
 efliciency, that there should be a Central Executive Committee, the 
 members of which, or at least a large majority of them, should be able 
 
 to meet together. The Executive Committee will 
 anxious at all 
 
 Committees,. 
 
 procure a cereditable 
 
 ; however, be most 
 times to receive the counsel and advice of the Local 
 
 It is recommended that such Local Committees be organi- 
 sed in the chief towns of each C 
 
 ounty in Lower and Upper Canada, 
 and that they should consist of all members of either Branch of the 
 Legislature, all Members of the Commission lately appointed by His 
 Excellency the Governor General, all Wardens, Mayors and Reeves, the 
 Professors’of Incorporated Colleges, the Presidents and Secretaries of 
 Agricultural Societies, and Presidents of Mechanics’ Institutes or other 
 
 scientific bodies. The Committees should have power to add to their 
 number, and it is hoped that 
 
 classes’ ndicated will at once 
 of which should put himse 
 of the Executive Committee, 
 power as to the 
 
 in each locality, some one or more of the 
 organize a Local Committee, the Secretary 
 If in communication with the Secretary 
 
 and give him allthe information in his 
 employment of the people in his locality. Where any 
 Special manufacture is carried on, it should be noticed, and accompanied 
 With any propositions which may be made for its illustration. For 
 reasons which will be explained elsewhere, it is proposed that at Mon- 
 treal and Toronto there should be Central Local C 
 duties of these Committees will be muc 
 
 they should be Organised in 
 until further 
 
 ommittees, and as the 
 h more laborious and responsible, 
 a different manner. It is proposed that 
 4frangements can be made, the resident members of the 
 Executive Committee should correspond with the Secretary, and that 
 they should submit, with as little delay as possible, the names of such 
 gentlemen as may be eligible for serving on the Central Committee, 
 
 bearing in mind that the most important qualifications, are the ability to 
 
 be useful, active and energetic Co-operation, and disconnection with 
 parties likely to be exhibitors, 
 
 Having provided for the organization 
 of the Committees, the next subject for consideration is the mode to be 
 
 
 
 
 
LA = Eh + M. pu . 
 on 2 D 17 PP mt ln Te PRES = Es 
 
 11 
 
 = ——— —_——_—__——— ———— = me pé _—_— 
 
 
 
 
 
 adopted to secure a creditable representation of our industry at Paris. 
 The Executive Committee would earnestly press on the public the 
 importance of systematic, and, when practicable, scientific arrange- 
 ments. They beg to call attention to the following extracts from the 
 Jurors Reports on the London Exhibition. In the report of the Jurors 
 of Class 1, cn mineral products, by Mr. Dufresnoy, Member of the 
 Institute of France, Inspector General of Mines, &c., it is said : 
 
 “Of all the British Colonies, Canada is that whose exhibition is the most interesting and 
 complete, anä one may even say that it is superior, s0 far as the mineral kingdom is concerned, 
 to all countries that have forwarded their products to the Exhibition. Tlis comes from the 
 fact that the collection has been made in a systematie manner, and the result is, that the study 
 Of it furnishes the means of appreciating at once the geological structure and the mineral 
 resources Of Canada. It is to Mr. Logan, one of the Members of the Jury, who fills the office 
 of Geological Surveyor of Canada, that we are indebted for this collection, and its value 
 arises from the fact that he has selected on the spot most of the specimens that have been 
 sent to the Exhibition, and arranged them since their arrival in London.” 
 
 Again, in the report of the Jurors of Class 3, “Substances used as 
 food,” by Dr. Hooker, it is said : 
 
 “ Messrs, Lawson’s collection exhibits the ear and grain of every variety of cereal and 
 also models of all the roots which it has been found practieable to eultivate in Scotland ; the 
 specimens are beautiful, and the arrangements scientific and excellent. No consideration of 
 cost or trouble has been allowed to interfere with providing all that is necessary to render 
 this collection a true and complete illustration of the vegetable products of Scotland. À 
 Council Medal has been awarded to Messrs. Lawson for their admirably displayed, very 
 complete, instructive and scientifically arranged collection of the alimentary products of 
 Scotland.” 
 
 The Jurors of Class 4, in their report on animal and vegetable 
 substances chiefly used in manufactures, as implements, or for orna- 
 ments, by Professor Owen, says : 
 
 “Among the numerous samples of raw produce contributed by different countries, there 
 are several collections of especial value which derive additional merit from their completeness 
 and from the fact that they illustrate the trade and manufactures of an entire country. The 
 importance of such collections, not only in a commercial but in a statistical and scientifie point 
 of view, is very great, and the Jury.therefore, being desirous of expressing their approbation 
 of the practical benefits to be derived from the formation and study of such collections, and 
 the advantages which the commercial and manufacturing community may obtain by their 
 means, have determined to recommend the award of the Council Medal to the Governments 
 of those countries, the natural produets of which were so instructively and completely 
 exhibited.” 
 
 The three classes above adverted to, comprise the great staple pro- 
 ducts of Canada, her minerals, agricultural products, and timber, and 
 the Committee hope that efforts will be made to ensure a satisfactory 
 representation of them. They would likewise suggest that the respective 
 manufactures should be illustrated, by exhibiting the materials in their 
 various stages, up to the highest point of perfection. It is most 
 
 Ph LT : A PE : 9 
 important in the opinion of the Committee that copies of the Jurors 
 teport of the London Exhibition should be placed within reach of as 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 re —— —————— ge 
 —— Re, 
 
 many as possible, and all persons desirous of exhibiting, are strongly 
 recommended to read such parts of that interesting work as may be 
 specially important to them. Those who have copies of this work are 
 requested to place them at the temporary disposal of the Committee in 
 order that they may be distributed throughout the Country. 
 
 To assist the public as much as possible in the meantime, the Com- 
 mittee propose appending to this report a concise table shewing the 
 classification adopted at the London Exhibition, and the awards of tie 
 Council Medals, also the names of Canadians who obtained Medals or 
 
 « 
 
 ‘ Honorable Mention.” A more detailed list may be given hereafter, but 
 the Committee are anxious that as little delay as possible should take 
 place in developing their scheme to the public. 
 
 The Committee being of opinion that voluntary effort is not to be 
 relied on, have obtained the sanction of the Commissioners to the princi- 
 ple of paying. for all articles sent to the Paris Exhibition, but at the same 
 time they propose that the contributors should receive all prizes or honors 
 which may be awarded to the articles sent by them. The great difficul:y 
 in carrying out the plan of purchasing, is to avoid partiality, and the Com- 
 } 
 
 mittee have anxiously considered this point, and have determined to 
 recommend : 
 
 1. That all who have received prizes or honorable mention at the 
 London Exhibition in 1851, or the New York Exhibition of 1853, and ll 
 who have received first prizes at either of the Provincial Exhibitions of 
 Upper and Lower Canada in 1853 and 1854, should be invited to send 
 propositions to the Local Committees stating whether they will send 
 speciunens of their products and manufactures for exhibition to Montreal 
 or Toronto, on or before 1st February next, payment to be made for such 
 articles at the fair wholesale market value, to be decided in case of disputé 
 by the Judwes at the Local Exhibition. 
 
 2. The Local Committee may further recommend for consideration a 
 proposition from any party who has received a first prize at any Local 
 Exhibition, which shall be referred to the sub-Committee of the Executive 
 Committee charged with that branch of industry. 
 
 3. In case of failure to obtain contributions from the above classes or 
 under special circamstänces, the sub-Committee may take such steps as 
 they may think best to ensure a proper representation of their particular 
 branch. By these means it is hoped that public confidence will be in: 
 spired in the impartiality of the Committee. But it is proposed to go 
 further, The whole public are invited to compete at the Local Exhibi- 
 tions, at Montreal and Toronto, and any successful competitor will have 
 bis contribution purchased on the same terms as those furuished by the 
 
 classes already described. The Exccutive Committee do not bind them- 
 
 em 
 
 
 
 
 
 i ie — pr Eee 2: : 
 y 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13 
 
 selves to send to the Paris Exhibitio: any of the articles which they 
 engage to purchase. They must be guided by circumstances, such as the 
 extent of the contribution, the quantity of space allotted, &e., &c. The 
 articles not sent will of course be resold on account of the Commission. 
 The propositions made by the parties entitled to furnish articles under the 
 above regulations, must be as specific as possible, and must be forwarded 
 at once to the Secretary, so that the proper sub-Committee may dispose 
 of them. It will be advisable to prevent as much as possible, similar 
 articles being made by different manufacturers and.mechanics. It is 
 hoped that no delay will now take place, and that the Local Committees 
 will be active in obtaining and promptly procuring the propositions of 
 intended contributors. It is recommended that all the contributions be 
 sent to Montreal or Toronto, where they will be delivered free of expense 
 to the Central Committee at each place, and exhibited to the public at a 
 small admission price. Jurors will be appointed to aid the Committee in 
 determining on the articles to be sent to Paris, but no prizes will be 
 awarded. Such is the scheme which the Executive Committee are of 
 opinion will, if zealously supported by the Local Committees and the 
 public, ensure for Canada an honorable position at the great Paris Exhi- 
 bition. 
 F. HINCKS, 
 Chairman. 
 J. C. TACHÉ, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 These regulations were numerously distributed to the public, together 
 with a classification of articles suitable for the Exhibition, and with 
 the following list of the sub-Committees chosen from among the Execu- 
 tive Committee, and specially charged with the duty of endeavoring to 
 obtain the articles belonging to their respective classes, accompanied also 
 by a notice to the Local Committees. 
 
 Sub-Committee 1.—-Mr. Langton, M. P. P., Chairman.— Messrs. Rhodes, 
 M. P. P., and Dorion, M. P. P. 
 
 Sub-Committee 2.—Mr. Rhodes, M. P. P., Chaïrman.—Messrs, Gamble, 
 M. P. P., E. W. Thompson, R. L. Denison and Archambault. 
 
 Sub-Committee 3.—Hon. Mr. Young, Chairman.—Hon. Mr. McKay, Hon. 
 Mr. Belleau, Mr. Langton, and Mr. Leeming,. 
 
 Sub-Committee 4.—Mr. Dorion, M. P. P., Chaïrman.—Hon. Mr. McKay, 
 Sir Cusack Roney, Mr. Stevenson, M. P. P., and Mr. Holwell. 
 
 Sub-Committee 5.—Mr. Gamble, M.P.P., Chairman.—Mr. Cartier, M.P.P, 
 Mr. Brown, M. P. P., Mr. Street, and Mr. Matthie. 
 
 
 

 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 er - _ _ 
 
 Sub-Committee 6.--Mr. Brown, M.P.P., Chaïrman.--Mr. Gamble, M.P.P. | 
 Mr. Légaré, Mr. Street and Mr. Leeming. 1 
 Sub-Committee 7.—Mr. Holwell, Chairman.—$ir Cusack Roney, Hon. Î 
 Mr. Young, Mr. Stevenson, M.P.P., and Mr. Archambault. (1 
 
 
 
 
 
 us née _ 
 - Te ——— 
 
 | Sub-Committec 8.—-Hon. Mr. Belleau, Chairman.—Sir Cusack Roney. Ê 
 | Mr. Cartier, Hon. Mr. Young, and Mr. Légaré. 
 | “The Chairman and Secretary are ex officio members of all the Sub- | 
 
 “Committees. / 
 
 “The Local Committees are requested to report their formation as early 
 “as possible to the Secretary, and to offer such suggestions as they may think ) 
 “usefal. No expenses are to be incurred without the written authority of 
 “the Chairman and Secretary of the Executive Committee. All proposals 
 “should be accompanied by an estimate of the probable cost. It must be 
 | “borne in mind that the great object is to illustrate in the most systematic 
 | “ manner the industrial resources of the Country. Ît has been found impos- 
 “ sible to give the names of any of the parties entitled by the regulations to 
 “contribute, except those who obtained rewards at the London and New 
 # York Exhibitions. Cireulars will be sent to the others as soon as possible.” 
 
 
 
 This appeal of the Executive Committee was responded to by the public, 
 and Local Committees were formed in different parts of Upper and Lower 
 
 Canada. à 
 
 The Central Committees of Toronto and Montreal were constituted as | 
 
 follows : à 
 
 Montreal Committee: Messrs. H. Bulmer, Chairman, Louis Ricard and j 
 
 | W,. Evans, Secretaries, W. E. Logan, the Honorable Mr. De Bleury, M. 5 
 
 l'Abbé Villeneuve, Messrs. H. Lyman, V. Hudon, N. Valois, J. P. Litchfield, je 
 W. Bartley, T. Dods, A. Perry and A. Cantin. 
 
 Toronto Committee : Messrs. E. W. Thompson, Chairman, G. W. Allan, 
 Secretary, Buckland, Treasurer, Sheriff Jarvis, W. Armstrong, R. L. 
 Denison, T. Wheeler, J. Wheeler, W. Edwards, A. Ward, E. Musson, J. di 
 Flemming, T. D. Harris, S. Thompson, J. Harrington, J. Pell, F. Cayley, Ÿ 
 W. Gamble, Professors Wilson, Croft, Hind, Cherriman and Chapman, and 
 
 { 
 F. Cumberland. : 
 PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMMITTEES. à 
 . . fl 
 | One of the first acts of the Executive Committee was to open a compe- É 
 tition with the view of obtaining a short and concise work on Canada, ; 
 having for its object to make the foreigner acquainted with the Country. ï 
 : À à ; î 
 The public were informed of the object of the Committee by the following n' 
 
 notice : 
 “The Executive Committee for the Paris Exhibition have deemed it im. 
 
 
 
15 
 
 gr mes 
 —— mt 
 
 
 
 
 
 portant to disseminate through Europe, fuller information than is generally 
 to be found in published works, upon the industrial condition and capabilities 
 of the Province, and have therefore decided upon offering for public com- 
 petition, three prizes of £160, £60 and £40 for the three best essays on 
 Canada and its resources, its Geological Structure, Geographical features, 
 Natural Products, Manufactures, Commerce, Social, Educational and 
 Political Institutions, and general statistics. 
 
 “ In the treatment of the subject regard is to be had to the facilities for 
 transport both of goods and passengers between the mouth of the St. Law- 
 rence and the regions of the West, and to a comparison of these facilities, 
 as to cost and distance, with those offered by other routes. 
 
 “ Persons desirous of competing for the above prizes must send in their 
 essays either in the French or English languages to the undersigned on or 
 before the 15th February next. Each essay to have a motto, a duplicate 
 of which must be inscribed on a sealed envelope, containing the name of 
 the author,gnd must accompany the essay. 
 
 “The copyright of Prize Essays will be considered the property of the 
 Committee. 
 
 “Practical utility and comprehensiveness, combined with conciseness, 
 will be among the chief considerations upon which the awards of the 
 Judges will be based. 
 
 « J, C. TACHÉ, 
 ‘ Secretary of the Executive Committee. 
 
 “Quebec, 18th November, 1854.” 
 
 Nineteen writers responded to this appeal ; the following is the Report 
 of the Judges appointed by the Committee, and charged to decide as to the 
 respective merits of the essays, and also the final decision of His Excellency 
 Sir Edmund Head. 
 
 REPORT OF THE JUDGES. 
 
 The Committee to whom the Executive Committee on the Paris 
 Exhibition referred the selection of the Prize Essays on Canada, submit 
 the following Report : 
 
 The Committee have received from the Secretary nineteen Essays, 
 eighteen of which have been carefully considered, but the nineteenth is so 
 illegibly written that it has been quite impossible to decipher it, without an 
 amount of time and pains, which the several members of the Committee 
 have been unable to give. 
 
 Of the eighteen Essays, the Committee have selected three with the 
 following mottoes : “ Labor omnia vincit.?-"T'ai vu ce que je raconte. — 
 
 _ ” ” 
 ea nn PA — a GC EE VE de # 
 
 
 
16 
 
 
 
 
 
 re posa > rte _— 
 
 and “ Vürtute et labore, dum spiro spero’?—as those which in their Judgment 
 ave entitled to prizes, but they have been unable to decide upon the order 
 in which thev shall stand, as they are equally divided in opinion upon their 
 classification, and they therefore report them to the Executive Committee, 
 simply às prize worthy, considering it better not to make particular 
 reference to their notes, as to the position which each Essay should occupy 
 on the prize list. | | 
 
 In addition to these three Essays, the Committee recommend those 
 with the following mottoes : “ Suam quisque pellam portat,'—" Reddit ubr 
 Cererem tellus inarata quotannis, —and Itis with nalions as with nature, she 
 knows no pause in progress or development, and atlaches her curse to all inac- 
 tion”—to the favorable consideration of the Executive Committee, either as 
 deserving to be published at the public expense, or as entitlingtheir authors 
 to some gratuity to assist in their publication, as the Executive Committee 
 shall deem best, with the consent and at the option of the authors them- 
 selves. a 
 
 The Committee have been most favorably impressed by several of the 
 remaining Essays, and while they have not considered it necessary to 
 make any further classification, they cannot avoid congratulating the 
 Country, that the opportunity has been afforded to so many able writers, of 
 displaying the capabilities of this noble Province. 
 
 In conclusion, the Committee regret that their various avocations, 
 since they were named as Judges, have kept them so constantly engaged, 
 that they have not been able to give so close an attention to all these 
 Essays as they should have desired, but they have given them the most 
 careful perusal the time allotted would permit, and although there is not 
 one, even of those reported, without several errors of detail or description, 
 they have risen from their perusal with much gratification, arising as well 
 from the great amount of correct statistical information that has been 
 brought together, as from the agreeable and readable shape in which 
 much of it has been prepared for the public eye. 
 
 (Signed,) J. HILLYARD CAMERON, 
 | D. B. STEVENSON, 
 ROBERT CHRISTIE, 
 E. PARENT, 
 L. H. HOLTON, 
 A. N. MORIN. 
 
 Quebec, 23rd April, 1855. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 * The opinions of the Judges whose decision we have just given, being 
 
 1 4 Al ? A } 
 
 1 - d r ee &7 +4h/r nvife nf 4hA à Jar “rs virret 1 | » C1 : + . 
 equally divided as to ine6 merit s OI the tnree w rKS, SCIECIEQ as Superior to 
 
 — 
 
 1 | + Eee LE PET surnT Elie Mu aatlanAasr #1 » 
 the others ; the Committee prayed His Excellency the Governor General, 
 4 * , 5 e 4 |. ï 41 + à ct ce , Fr : 
 Dir Edmund Head, to examine the three manuscripts, and to give as a 
 decision which should be final, his opinion as to the rank which each essay 
 
 el 7” = N . . er ERRaE re 1 D LT CN A, m4 Te LE FAX7rY 4h, Ja 
 should occupy, witn respect to the {wo otners. 
 
 FEVER TE MS, UE DEA es Le LÉCETS 7 EE Le > 
 The following 1s the decision of His Excellency :— 
 FT à Scie nu AA net, PEN ES ES : STE = 
 The Governor General having carefully perused and considered the 
 à s L RE 7 UE à PR AE dd NES x 7 : 
 Essaye placed in Egg hands by the Judges, assigns the first place to. that, 
 
 Due the n 
 
 lé Ab na Leur 71 5 PRE 1, UTLIMx7 }; É "rat | 1" , À \rontor L æ | Le reset ff 
 The other L wo, [110 SAS VCI' IIHICTCIRL LI CHAT ACLE r, ne Has om À CAL daii culty 
 - | - | ML F RE FE SAR 5 ET = sé \ oh PR * 
 1r1 P aciInT, LN - AA Au a Vo d A + MN | L J at } LL } 15 more reada- 
 1 > Ana rvhemonta PSE GARE LS PEN TE TS ASE DEEE Er LEN + 
 ble, and in SOIne LES DECLS P pbterabie (Oo the hais ONE, 
 
 = 4 4 1 } + J v? "nr ? 
 
 ‘6 Virtute et la duni spiro, spero 
 
 72. UR 
 
 41 ] DURS ES 2 ln Hnnmlich.:.1 into Tarot anis AA SR ASS < ] f. 
 On the other ne. ine EMnNgiIsSN 15 IMOre SYySLeEIMmarIc pis COncCISE, ana I10r 
 Pi urposes s Of ierence conveys more 1NI0TMATION ; an | IT it 1S jéipentite to 
 
 » Li 1! 
 
 treat them as Des which His Excellency would willingly do, it seems 
 proper to assign the second prize to the latter of the two, and the third to 
 
 the French. 
 
 D 
 
 ned,) EDMUN) HEAD. 
 1st May, 1855. 
 
 The Executive RS ue therefore, to announce that the First 
 Prize is awarded to John She in Ho, ran, sqnire, author of the Essay 
 bearing the mottoZLabor omnia nr the Second Prize to Alexan de Morris, 
 Esquire, of Montreal SA the motto. “ } Es et labore, dum spiro, 
 
 ; 
 
 nv . Tr * F T IN FIN | D < L\ # nu L À 
 Third Prize to J. C. Taché, Esduire, M. P. P., author of 
 
 EE: LUS bi 
 spero,” and the 
 ] € L 
 
 thcEssay, with the motto ‘ J’ai vu ce que je raconte. 
 RES PAUSE, RC 
 
 In accordance with 1e recommendatic )r1 Of ine Judges, tne Executive 
 
 Committee have awarded three extra prizes of £25 each, to the authors of 
 
 ARR ee PAST À PES EN E PT mad: 79 EC D d 
 
 the Essays essais à mottoes, ‘* Suam quisque pellam portal ”—* Reddit 
 
 ubi Cererem tellus inaraia arrete 6 TJ as with nations as wilh nature, 
 
 she knows no pause in progress and development, and allaches her curse to all 
 
 gnaction.” The authors of these ne. are pe tor L. Langevin, Esquire, 
 
 of the City of Quebec; E. Billings, Esquire, of the City of Ottuiré, and 
 
 William Hutton, Esquire, Scieturs Board Statistics, Quebec. The authors : 
 
 LA 
 
 LJ 
 
 of the other Essays may obtain them on application to the Assistant Se- 
 cretary of the ( Cène EL. R. Eckart, Esquire, Quebec, 
 FRANCIS HINCKS, 
 
 Chairman Executive Committee: 
 B 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 ets = 1e —cemenmtcuné — _ sé = > r- D MO EN E 
 ie mme © _‘-. ‘rats ————————…——— É = 
 
 
 
 D | The Committee ordered that 5,000 copies of the Essays by Messrs, 
 | Hogan and Taché and 1,000 copies of that by Mr. Morris should be printed. 
 The Essay by Mr. Hogan was also translated into French and two maps 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | were annexed to each of the copies, a map of the country was also appended 
 
 | to the Essay by Mr. Taché. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Transmission of Articles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 In order to facilitate as far à Ps vritre a DE son between the 
 London Exhibition in 1851, and dk at Of Paris in 1855, in so far as Canada 
 
 
 
 
 is concerned, the list'of articles forwarded in 1851, ee only document re- 
 maining, which relates to the Canadian Exhibition in Londo n, 18 givenbelov 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 LIST 0F ARTICLES forwarded from Montreal for the Grand Exhibition in | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 De: London, and consigned to Henry  Houghton, Esquire, 44, Friday 
 | Street, London, Agent appointed by the Commissioners. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 55 Packages of Minerals, Ores, and Eartbs, consisting of blocks of Marble, blocks of Sera 
 pentine,.specimens of Peat, Earth, Shell Marl, Ores of Iron. Zinc, Lead, 
 Nickel, Siver, Uranium, Cobalt, Mangavese, Iron l'yrites, Molÿbdenite, Misntin 
 Limestone, Magnesite, White son pme Schistose Stone, 
 
 Pipe Ci. W hetstone, Plumbago, Agates, : Jasper, Waved Cher 
 Stone, Iron Ochre and Sioté Paints, Canadian Tripoli, &c. 
 
 
 
 Copper, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Soapstone, 
 
 
 
 t, Lithographic 
 
 
 
 
 
 The above are contributed principally by W. E. Logan, Esquire, Dr. James Wilson 
 of Perth, the Montreal and the Pi Nnce?s Mining Cot mpanies, Sheriff Dic] kson, Sheriff 
 Boston and others ; the whole accoinpanied b+ laable collection of Canadian Fossils, 
 
 a L'4 AiUuE 
 and specimens of Gold from the Chaud: 1ère, éontributed by Dr. Douglass of Quebe €, 
 Mr. Logan, who has already proceeded to England 
 
 will be placed under the direction of M 
 for the purpose. 
 
 ALSo, ! 
 1 bale Hops, B . Smith "TT 000 mr00: "00e Prose cteetorce = Se ph Stanstea d. 
 4 L bale Hops, J. Penner …... fa géséetes Ssvs secs « . açhine. 
 
 3 barrels Spring Wheat, W. F. W eese 
 
 ee vers sets TR 
 | 3 barrels Spring Wheat, Le MODE. mme = ce. lon 
 3 bris. Spring Wheat, D. Laurent... Cr TR Varennes, : 
 
 3 barrels Spring Wheat, John Drummond. ....... ...... Petite Nat ton, 
 3 barrels Spring Wheat, John Allan 
 
 Ÿ Fe vo, ke RARE - Long Point. 
 | 3 barrels Fall Wheat, J Graham am » LE ss... . : : SYUNEY. 
 
 3 brls. Fall Wheat, Agricultural Associatio: 
 
 " Dr és 0 008: » = Canada West. 
 3 bris, Fall Wheat, Agricultural Association... .. .. Cañaca West, 
 | 1 brl. Fall Wheat, ha LOL tendue. 1 FINIR Ù 
 Pneus, Wa. BORA ts ne “St. Latirént, 
 I brl. Pie, D. Limoges. 00000 00 » ©» EVE ETS Se sr os SU EL Terrebonne 
 
 | 1 brl. Peas, D. Jones... ennentesse es eve à à à secs SYÜDEY. 
 
 
 
1 br. Barley, Wm 
 
 Ps Tan er RENE COS 
 
 00. ss 
 
 St. Laurent 
 
 Le 
 
 # barrol Cats, RUN Watts, Ms Pe Pi ss sr Grautham. 
 
 1 brl. Oats, A. Muir……… ITS TAN han us ver .Hinchinbrooke. 
 
 1 b:l. Beans, C. Fournier... Pas cire ane Longuenl 
 1 brl. Bean:, Madame Lemere ..... Ms ns: NN MER Re 
 
 1 br. os (yellow) Jes. Brien........ SU STUNT: ….-St. Mattin. 
 
 A btl Beans, horse) Jas. Fisher:...........,,.... …_..Rivière des Prairies, 
 à barrel Buckwheat, E, Trenholm..................... Kiigsey. 
 
 à barrel Buckwheat, J & E. Caniff...........44 meet 9 Thurlow. 
 
 2 bris: Qatmeal, R. Sqnairs 0, NÉ RP NU Bowmanville 
 
 2 bris, Flour, 3. Simpson & Co. .....:..:2... pe op ares ER do 
 
 1 bri. Flour, ‘Thoma s Ling hen . : M ALT Cu ET Thurlow, 
 
 1 brl. Fiour, P. V. D ae EN RS TT EN x do 
 
 PO tucan Moal Ch Fronholm: : sis: ins. 5 ss Kinose: 
 
 dbrl. Indian Meal, ÆRèche: :1:1::::45509 2015200 ‘ St. Laurent 
 
 1 brl. Fax Seed, 3 “Aer tids RS): R 
 
 ba rel Siberiau Ou Seed, James Fish 
 
 barrel Timothy Seed, lions MeGian L 
 
 brl 
 
 Red Closer Seed, 
 
 seen ve 
 
 és Sr SE 
 
 Rivi | re de »* 
 
 bri, Buckwheat, B. Hestardhté, 5 RTS RSA NUE Fe | als. 
 ; \ 
 barre à imothy See, Ubadeau à .St. Anne. 
 
 A Ra RS 
 
 y Prair 
 
 1e8 
 
 à Jeflreys 44 
 
 pont jm 1OA pie eos ms 
 
 brl. Corn inthe-Bar,J: boïan::i:i:..,1..… Montreal, 
 
 eve ve =: 
 
 1 brl. do do ‘Alex. Shaw . NA RE RE Toronto. 
 
 1 barrel Vinesar, Gillespie, Moffatt & Ve O0: TT RENE Pe TE Montreal. 
 
 boxes Starch,'J. P Sales + ÉPPR PE TP L UCI ND EU LE do 
 
 boxes do : Brorison aud Slupton..... ES 5 M TE St. Hilaire, 
 
 1 jar Preserved Potatoes, Brenson & sers OR NET. PE da 
 
 10 1b:. double tefined Maple Sugar, Cemmissioners. 
 
 6 ]bs. double refined Maple Sugar, John Bales....…..... York 
 
 12 Maple Sugar,-Joel-Parkor. . :3::::4 14 3:20 700xe Hatley, Eastern Townshipe. 
 12. lb Mible”Sosar,: ÀA.-kRisher. :: 5256402224 CRAN Ascot, do do 
 
 1 dozen Syrup, Maiden Hair, JiFletchér:s::: "7 st Niontrea| 
 3 dosen Kaspberry Vinesar, J. Fletcher........,........… do 
 1 case Candy, J: & HUtCHEF 3x sv RAR 2 5 TU es sp do 
 Hemp S ed, EF. Grier. sr & fi vs LE RN Te ON du 
 6 Corn clans Nelson and Butters:.. Re CRE ge d do 
 6 Corn Whisks, Nelson and Butters... ...... Series do 
 
 6 Corn Brooms, OS Bramerd::: césau2 115352 
 
 6 Corn Whisks, do sé ALERT US x de da 
 
 6 Corn Dusters, HD ane t 255 2 ET RER TT a NS do 
 
 à roll Tobacco, J. BV ss ammasas rain tn. er Montreal 
 
 3 jars Snull, ‘24 lbs, do save rene: rt orar ts do 
 
 96 ibs. Flax, M. Bastien... .... ART NE Liavedeaitet. RONS, 
 
 à Cheesses, 174 1bs, Geore Cross :nz ms Duntar, C. 
 FChouses, 1935 1bS)S. Dakerisnms caca eur. . LR SR do do 
 
 Cheese, 42 Ibs., 
 1 Cheese. 65 Ibs., : rovincia! Agricultural Association. 
 1 bri. Pork, Reinhait .:...: 
 9 brls. Poik, E. Idler... 
 
 PF: Spencer. 
 
 . rer 
 . Vetr  s  . . 
 … Letsseshbte 
 
 + Vate - Dome = Lonnhetre 
 
 Joamiton. 
 
 Le. 
 
 Cara ta 
 
 do 
 
 Armand 
 
 ] 
 
 West, 
 
 Mentre:l. 
 
 Va 
 y we 
 
 Li 
 
 
 

 
 63 Ibs. Lard, E. Idler 
 1 brl. Beef, R. dons cs 
 16 Ibs. Honey, Henry Lyman .… 
 29 Ibs. Bees Wax, Joseph Pinsonnault. ......... ..…....St Martin. 
 10 Ibs. Glue, A MoFarlane Vase iarese ete rose COLE (OS ANCITER 
 1 doz. bottled Cider, J. Penner........... Dseses.:2vés LACHINE, 
 1 doz. Mineral Waters, A. Mann............. ............Montreal 
 Smoked Hams, G. Reinhart. Fete do 
 Prepared Hams, E,. Idler.......... ce do 
 Dried Beef, Smoked, E, Idler RER PEL do 
 1 brl. Fine D Biscuit, À. Fitts do 
 1 case Bread Crackers, A, Fitts CLIS RTS do 
 do 
 
 Simcoe. 
 3 Fr do T@ aies. 
 6 Birch, 2 Red Era, 4 But lin 20 Het 3 Bird’s Eye Maple, 4 Oak, 2 Aron in 3 
 
 1 r7 
 k 
 
 Hornbeam, 2 Hard Maple, 3 Soft Maple, 3 Ash, 1 Dear 
 Knees for Shipbuilding, Curled Maple, 
 
 6 Embroidered Chairs, W. Drum. ........ TM RS Due 
 Elm Knot Work Table, J. R Cameron ..-...Montreal. 
 Sofa, Reed and Meakins 
 
 2 Chairs, Reed and Meakins do 
 
 1 Chiflonier do do nl br do 
 Dried Smoked Sausages and Bolognas, E do 
 Table, Imitation Mahogany, Ramsay and Mit do 
 
 do do Oak, PR SE do 
 do md Marble, he à 4 do 
 do 
 
 2 Walnut es &. Hdbod < RAT NT ASE. 1. do 
 1 Office do do ( | do 
 1 Drawing-room Chair, William Alle 1. 
 1 Ornamental Stool ....... drehee 
 1 Stone Centre Table, R. Hammond... S'ÉEADERE T ad 
 
 6 Rockine Chairs, William Allen Fa | do & 
 Piccolo Pia Forte, Æ, W. Herbert... RER do 
 Spring Back Sofa, J, and W. Hilton de 
 Walnut Centre Table, do 
 Walnut Pier ‘l'able, 
 Spring Back Sewing Chair 
 6 Drawing-room Chairs, 
 Téte-à-Téte, do 
 Chiffonier, Reed and Meakins, do 
 Black Walnut Centre Table, do 
 Sofa, do 
 orme Chair, do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 d [e. 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 work coverings—style of 14th cen.- 
 tity "té de À as a present to té Maj osty the » Qu een, from the Ladies of Montreal. 
 20 Ibs. Cut Naïls, Holland and Dunn.…. ....n: .. Montreal, 
 
 22 yards Wire Cloth, W. H. Rice... cessé do 
 
 
 
6 Bench Planes, 
 6 Moulding do 
 
 À. Wallace... 
 
 do le 
 
 Polished Bal: ince Scales, complete, 
 
 . 
 
 Sy 
 
 8 Chopping Axe 
 10 
 
 do de 
 
 sa LG loth, W Ilet & ê Co. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SAS TIR RANGS MISAÎTEAR 
 
 ai Ets FSU EE de 
 € P.-Ladd:. : à do 
 } 
 Cl ares à do 
 do Tr S cd o cé do 
 
 Cooking Stove, with Copper Furuiture, com., G. H. Cheney. Toronto. 
 Pariour Stove; G, H CheneY same same ue de do 
 
 fron Plate, ROLL hp re rm marge de aa rs veuic-Si do 
 
 2 cases containing varieties Ship Blocks, made by d, C1 rl e. Montreal, Com: 
 3 Chopping Axes, Samuel Shaw...2::.:.... mA ET … l'oronto, 
 
 1 Broad do ALTER Éd MR ER do 
 
 9 Cooper”s Tools, de ‘. SI NTI do 
 
 9 Framing Chisels, do tests des FEU Se où sud do 
 
 1 Hunting Axe, do SCT NES: PONT GRR LE do 
 
 2 Pieces Oùl Cloth, M. Laflamme * usstsitvis, « Montreal 
 
 3 pairs Shoe Lasts, Wardill * ; RSR PAS do 
 Flexible Branch Pipe, William Féreuson..…...:... 4.4 do 
 
 3 Chopping Axes, G. Leavitt. ve sors ose se D'UNAAS, 
 
 1 Broad do OR RU ER POUF PES ES do 
 
 1 Chopping Axe, Scott and Glassford.… sentis és scsi DION TT UR 
 Copying Press, ne Perry... COCA PS CS OR DORE LE AS PRET TNT) do 
 Leather Tiunk, EN 6 PPPDP PENSER Pos Vatts TT TE D Hi do 
 
 1 do do j. pes SSSR NT ÉSN do 
 
 6 Whips, Josh. Threck Bard T sta sisi as FOPONO: 
 
 6 Brushes, (fancy) T'hoë. WE heeler.….. Lattre ant do 
 
 5 Fancy Pails, Jas. Baïly.…......s ss NES VE Sherbrooke. 
 1 do Paal, 19 00 joints, Ke S- Doté . NAT: 
 
 1 case Pipes, assorted, Henderson... ss. ss. Montreal. 
 Specimen Cordage, T, Bison... : TRS FOTO, 
 ès Twme, À. Spooner.…. ss ASE TS PEL ANES “résesisMotitreak 
 
 2 Coils Rope, Henderson... ssé5 3: AI Q 1ebec 
 
 ï Counterpane, Simon Bean... PSE Nr ar ICT CE 
 2 Table ( ot do , “ do 
 
 1 Counterpane, Thos. Dixon. | HER Toronta. 
 
 2 Horse Blanke 5, Win, Gamble.......ssasss here: Milton Mi GC: 
 1 piece ur tin do ° Have ire do 
 
 1 piece do Bar DEt sous verrine anse EsquenE; Cl 
 1 piece Linen, M. Foitier.. ; rares Rte SEM ER EE 
 
 1 piece ( Les ee A és ce CAT DTY: 
 
 1 piece Grey Cloth, Hon. Thomas Mel Kay. és soso NW Edinboro? 
 1 piece ne. do EPS LTÉE Er FA do 
 
 1 piece do dark, do PAS FU AO ENT do 
 
 1 piece do brown, do LÉ PO TRS VÉSLA à 3 0 52 à do 
 
 6 Pair Blankets. 
 Portable Grist 
 Light Plough, A 
 2 Light Ploughs, Skinner & 
 6 Hay Forks, 3 Prong 
 6 9 
 
 As 
 
 Vi, ri 
 
 Fleck. …. 
 
 r 
 : 
 £ 
 
  : 
 
 MeC1 
 
 do do «] 
 
 » | 
 add Us 
 
 $, Skinner & 
 
 ses. Montréal. 
 
 srenus 
 
 ] 
 nom ecrerttarenpenmsenmes.e (10 
 
 lock... Vérererse pere 
 McCullock ... so... 
 
 Sereshoerevestcee 
 
 do 
 do 
 
 O0 
 
 cesre 
 
 
 
 D mn 
 
 meer 
 
 ñnissioners. 
 
 W. 
 
 do 
 W. 
 
 near Bytown 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do C3 
 
 .Brockville, C. W. 
 
 
 

 
 5 Manure Forks, Skinner & MeCullock ARR Ne Ti A A 
 6 Scythe Suaiths, do EME PS RENE TER do 
 6 do do RS Hañburt ns miressdlireneiosss in ainéres ee P'TESCOS 
 1 Root Cutter, M. Moody. nee eianessereeerese Ferre bonne, 
 RO a ed es ed Mo dibe F3 moe re on mes 4eme 6ECT MSBIDEEL 
 1 Chtiths AV PF. WEB. sc soc nos vossso one vue conne vos srvesvesorse AMEL iasburgh. 
 Moose Skin, P. Teongathaseau.….................….....…........ Quebec. 
 1 pair Snow-Shoes, M, Ro Lt EEE do 
 1 pair Mocassins, do css sense se tistegeve sent rest do 
 1 Moose Hide, Indian Cout, Cap, Gun Case, Legoings 
 Knife Case, &c., P. Touansengan,. - . 
 1 Bet and pair Bracelets, R. U. Bell..….....................s... .St. Catherines. 
 & Snow Shoves. 
 Bark Canoe and Equipments, Commissioners, 
 1 pair Mvose Horns, J. Thomson... Three Rivers. 
 8 pairs Embroidered Slippers, Indian work, John Henderson Montreal. 
 6 Cigar Cases, Indian work, do do 
 2 Purses, 1 Fan, do do do 
 
 Bark Box and Fan, n rk Sa 4 à 2e iree Rivers. 
 
 Bark Box and Tray, bark w “re FA C: ampbeil.....…..…..St, Hilaire. 
 Emornaered 1 lab'e Coth, John Ilenderson. ne treal. 
 RU EN DOI ass dessus 2 tte rss do 
 
 Comp'ete ae Men. Mrs. # H MeVey.......…......South Potton, €. E. 
 
 Safety Rein, Mr. Holwell....….......……, néant. RC TES: 
 
 Hunting ou PROFS MIN A. ss dessus ee de rs RE 
 Doub'e Carriage Harness, Robert Morris... Montreal. 
 Set Sig e Harness, Stewart .......…., Nr Nasa core t E OTOUO, 
 Sing'e Sleigh, complete, MclLean & w Fe Qi émise Montreak 
 Doub'e do do Michaei O? Meara.…. 
 Single do do D ORAN lente oun cve vus ea s ce QUEDÈC: 
 Single Fancy Sleish, complete, I, J. PTE RSS ER 
 Light Car:iage, do de ATARI REC 4 do 
 DORE ORUS, EE MONTANT: en ds iensre ne dre des sd el ere est 
 2 Sides U pper Leather, H. Murray. 
 2 Sides Sole Leather, MeLean and Cumming 
 » Samples Leather, Mr. Alloa..…........... ass vs do 
 Case Tamning Materials, Mr. Alloa 
 
 2. Lt°20e001e20 tt: 12% +18 do 
 do 
 
 LE .Montreat. 
 
 { 
 Lee nt en 00e 6084006. +04 do 
 
 oteviterocesesos.scs do 
 
 Church Bell, Canada ( opper and Casting, G. E. Molson. … 
 sSpecimen 6f Lithotype, G. Mathewfs... rss ecrreee. do 
 Specimen of Turning, Parker, Brothers... Toronto. 
 Medal and Die, Thomas Wheeler. Pr da 
 
 2 bars Axe Iron, St Maurice Forges, Hon. James Ferrier... Montreal. 
 1 bar Axe Iron. Square, St. Maurice Forges, Hon. J 
 2 do Cold Folded do do do do. a 
 2 do ‘Twisted do do do do do 
 1 do Horse Shoe do do do; do do 
 1 do Pioughshare do do do: 
 Mod:1 Locomotive Engine, P. Rodier..…. St Hyacinthe, 
 Laithosraphic Draxiug, T. Fleming... sec sec cenanocencss LOLON TOR 
 
 do 
 
 as. Ferrier: do 
 
 do do 
 
 
 
ArchitecturalDrawirgs, J. Duncan... Montreal. 
 
 2 Model Bridges, R. Lewis... esse... Melbourne, 
 
 City of Montreal Arms, engraved on leather, Madame de Montenacn, Montreal. 
 Shot Bag and other hunting articles, J. Alloa Rads es cosvesere 8 DIOHETERL 
 
 Model Cannon, do ptit ce do 
 Specimens of Dentistry, C. M. Dickinson...........…......s.ss.… do 
 Do do Charles Rahn.. sscsssssssssssssssee TOFONLO. 
 
 Rifle, T. J. Boyd. te ces einle- Mituenesiseenis MOnireal, 
 Rife, T. Ashfheld..... Se RS Lo a ESS ce 0 Mi 60. 
 
 Cornopean, MacPherson si cee cos vossocsonvostssosensesete sense MOntreal. 
 Bologna Sausages, G. Reinhart.........…...sssses esse do 
 Theodolite Stand, T. Rshéokl SE. otre 4 00 er FONES 
 Do do J, B. Simpson... ss 
 
 Clarionette, MacPherson.......…. Te de ee ST OURS 
 A Violin and Case, Patrick Higgins... ss. do 
 Complete Suit Etofle du Pays, Messrs, Adams... do 
 Silk Sash, Commissioners,.......s.ses..s. vosges seosessenes do 
 Steam Engine, Gong, Brass Cocks, &c., C. Gartliiscts-cone da 
 Case Garden Seeds, assorted, George Shepherd... do 
 Two Cases Fancy Soaps, John Mathewson ant SOI: co ssséee do 
 
 Case Straw Plait, assorted, nee at Quebec, Commrs. 
 Military Helmet, Sir Jas. Alexander, À. à, Cr sosveicnser MORTE 
 
 1 case Ornamental Letter Press Printing, J, Starke & Co. do 
 Specimen Printing in Colors from Canadiin Ink, J. Baylis. do 
 Case Complete Type, C. T. Palsgrave..….........sssms do 
 Specimens of Goldsmiths’ Work, He nry E Path, Jeédeoee à sève do 
 
 Do Silve do $ Sante. ner do 
 
 Do Wild € otton, J. P. Ashton, St. Lite ss. St. Laurent, 
 
 Fire Engine, George Perry... RS NUE Eee HEl duel 
 
 Cod Liver Oil, Porpoise Oil, Whale Oil, Porpoise Leather, Whale Leather, Specimens of 
 Printing Type, ro!l of Maple Veneer, Cork Sole Clogs, Hunting Boots, Mocassin 
 and Shoes, Stump Extractor, sent from Quebec, R. Symes, Esquire. 
 
 JOHN LEEMING, Secretary. 
 
 Montreal, 1st March, 1851. 
 
 
 
 
 
+ 
 à: 
 
 tn Re at honte ms x 
 ee qe ER ne 
 
 ‘ 
 me CPE PT GE nn, À 
 
 at pose mad ete 
 
 nt gg 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 Of articles sent from Canada to the Pari- Exhibition in 1855. 
 
 remet emdirégn 
 
 
 
 
 
 à 2 bd M am mr 
 
 Residence | | Market Price Speci: al mark of 
 of \rticles exhibited. £ the package coi 
 
 Name of Exhibitor. 
 
 + 
 
 1” 
 1 
 LA 
 
 | 
 | 
 LA Exhibitor. Articles.* taining the artiel 
 
 (Currency. 
 
 à a DAS, 2. Lori | 808. (Quebec, No. 1 * The prices here given are 
 hay bonnet .......... 80 do do those of the current year; they 
 Specimen of plaited h 1aY, QT S ER do do naturaly vary more in Canada 
 15 do than in Europe. The prices 
 à Mre, Chutiré...... |Saïnt Ambroise... :: hàävy bonnet . tros. 80 d do Of raw materials for manu- 
 PO ls hat. RAY ‘FN ME 80 | do fact: _. articles are lower in 
 
 . | 2 baskets made o £ Tad lian hay. 5 | lo do rtion than dt of labor, 
 
 do js more expensive here 
 
 No, 2 an in France. 
 
 
 
 } Miss Maïteh} 2:01, .!Quebec .. :..:..:.. 
 
 
 
 SÉRAW Daté . 15.478 0ie 
 
 
 
 
 
 ! 
 RAS'DONNOb Fed ni « 
 
 8 Mrs. Martel.,......Saint Ambroise ...... 
 (| > woolle n sha 
 ! 
 
 + 
 la 
 . . .. 
 
 pieces of 1 ra € À th. e do 
 these artielas are manu- 
 
 y hand loom, at the 
 
 the manufacturer ; 
 
 * material is the pro- 
 
 farm of Mr. Bouchard, 
 
 ate on the St. Lawrence, a 
 
 11 
 
 gel 
 
 | 
 1 
 
 
 
 | Nochet Counterpane 
 & Mrs, Bouchard .....[Saint Valier..,....- piece grey line n . 
 
 ampie of spun wool à 
 | | few miles belo wW Quebec. 
 
 : 
 hréa 1 era! 
 ea LA 1 € 
 
 1 
 
 Î 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 J 
 
 ! 
 | 
 | 
 ! | | ile 
 | | Do tabl 
 | | 
 | U 
 
 
 
 Si FRA 
 3 thread lace collars 
 Specimens of drugg 
 1 
 
 2 thread lace Kknitted cap 
 
 
 
 k V - . | Specimen of spun wool, 
 5 Mrs. Lacombe, .|Saint Michel. . D OU 
 | Piece coarse flannel 
 
 6 Mrs. Fisher .. e Quebec... *... l Moose-down gloves. 0 ° 400909. 0.. 
 7 Mrs. Rhodes ., «t: Do JEU \ 4 Specimens of bark-work,. ,.. ATEN CR AE RE 
 
 8 Pierre Gingras | Do 2 ea 1 , 2 The specimens comprise a red 
 
 
 
 PIVOU MATOS, 0 dl ae 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (| 1 Coat Lahrador Caribou. ....... 40 do PTE 
 | 2 pairs Moose- skin choes 1 ) . y Par ps ten and severe il dye: d m arten, 
 | 4 Giants à ( en.| do No. 8to illustrate euliar 
 | 1 pair pr epared : aribou shoes. | 10 éa. | d ' M: : A chat tu. 
 . . | rap - à. | 10 1 | 
 9 David Mercier...... Do | ] pair Moose-hcek boots... 20 | | No! a AR ah ht 
 | 2 * \) | 1 Moose head vit honé ….s... ju | (10 No274 
 | 086.50 1.00 00:05 » & | | ao No 23| | 
 | 1 pair Huron snow shoes. .. 9208 ï st | 
 | à ; .... u\J De 10 cl 
 | pair Montagnais shoes. ...... 90 | JE 
 1 H | | palr Labrador shoes À | 02 La do | 
 0 Henderson & Co.... D Chat of PR 0 45 | 74% do 
 0 | Coat beaver 2 | “Ce ‘ 
 .….| Coat of beaver and cloth ... | £17 108 | NT | 
 Q. Lu 1 RARE A7 ” ao IN O 9 | 
 | Salmon skin shoes ..... | | api a (| 
 | .. ss. |... ... . | 0 ES ) o | 
 | | Porc upine quil lLembroidery.., | ] à bg 2 cu | 
 11 M l’ A p [7 | | | Por . 11e qi u1l th Y COI \ Le eue ss... . °| U0 GO (| 
 , / 3 v TP | 4 Ontalng 1D- | | 
 Mr, l'Abbé Malo... .. Bécancour + | 1e dhpiosities. . : 2... | , ; | 
 | Caribou skin dressed.white fee, à QG. 
 ARC MONFÉNTONET A TTHE WE «à dre ss. | do do This manner of dress ut | 
 | DD linen of | d's-eve aple. | | 2 Le € er aressiIn® Carl- 
 | [Y llect L D ,* E se [n * ..… NES 0 IN ). 4 )O1l skins à à li: d || 
 | | eat ludian antiquiti u skins 18 pecullal » th | 
 12 Mr. da iné Ann 214 Do 1! 2 M, AN nl IŒUAU ; . ri A do do Montawnais I P' a to the | 
 +. DIX cinen Of | lishe \sh | ONtTASgUaIs ndians of the SA - 
 13 Isaac Eckart { Lubrado h.1 | "7 | sit ABC ..| uU ao ‘uenay 
 3 Isaac Eckart ........ Quebec ÿ, Labrador : kin boot Os | 5 #0 | 
 | Q ebec de + À 'HU | ds 6 | sg | ao ) (| 
 14 Jean Auboau. UN Do { y L NT 14 }e ..... | z9 | d } )s (| 
 .… PT Vouden Dottie | | ] ap" | 
 URLS soda aa do die à 'S is à d'A d | | Le à} PR 1 41 . {| 
 - , | Caribou riding boot fi ns Ki 4 l'his bottle contains four com- || 
 15 Joseph Barbeau......; Do ( | " up: PU ne x des £2 108 ! uo do arfments, an | sabre # 2. } oO 
 | A Dé sn LAlIt )U HUTHIUL LU) | Lo | | pal L ils, an d Was made wi h | ve 
 | ] | Caribou hunting boots .…....... || #3 | do lo [the view of | 
 | \ À OI PUISE skin boot à is … | PO | } gi | ee view or ul ting in one vessel 
 | ( | | ” | UU Go (al the dificulties 6! the coopelr”’s 
 | l L 4 £ : = | | AT . 1+ ‘a A : 2 . 
 | Dozen bottles Canada Balsam, .….. | 3s b! d ALT PR xhibited as a specl- 
 | k Do O1] of snruce F 4 334 13 "02 oi handiwork, 
 e oi 5 | | Sampl front nf | MAR p: à us 
 16 Olivier Giroux ji Lion Do ut | | 1 Do 2 Pre U € h mlo 'K ..… | 16 1b d } | 
 #11 “8% ge of henbane .... 16 ]l | | 
 | | { } 1 ©+ ) 0 do | 
 | | Do do wolf s bane 94 ]l x | || 
 | T'Y { , ï se. és = | [eu 10 
 1! | 1/0 root OÎ aa "A lu o | : YY | 
 4 LO ao dragons blood. | 8 1b! À ] Î || 
 17 The Hou. Mr. Caron &| (| Do do of œulu ] ad. 10 11 | % 2 | | 
 BUIU LEE . 10 er | » PPT ° 1! [| 
 Mr, Jo: seph DeBlois. | Do | 4 boxes Canad ] | # se Coptis trifolia. 
 conso... xes Canada ofnr4 à ER | do } | | 
 | | block L »rette oran 1 DR ARRET ARE au AU 1,8,10 11 
 h 1iUI CL PFAnILe NT | | 
 18 Hon. Frs. Lemieux. | Do Res { | 1. ds YA lé d ess eee +» | do No 9 L 
 . ..…….e | bloc! K 1 ointe-AUx Lren h S LOTLE | | At “4 À 
 | ] block ( al p- Rous stone Le? : dd ea «| gg “O0 17 k 
 Fe 1: nant | N | | 
 Snecinen of sh Le br Le No, 15} | $ 
 19 Pierre Gauvreau ....| Do {. | pl ÉAAIS ne » «à « és ANNEE se et .| do No, 12! TI | 7 | ; 
 piges | Bavrel of cement ........ me LE AR ie stone exhibited by Mr. || : 
 >»: © "0,9 m'en te € \ F ar y - 
 | | E 1pe made of the same... | w *o 16 Gauvreau is known as C: ipe Dia- F 
 .…....... LUS ds de d due de C KR ! û || 
 (e) 0. 15 mond black stone ; the cement | i 
 exhibited is made of t 
 
 
 
 EE RS 
 ! 
 
 À DE PRE A TR 
 
 his stone. f 
 
 
 

 
 Name of Exhibitor. of Articles exhibited, of the package con- 
 Exhibitor. Article, tailuiug the Art: cle, 
 
 “matt means patate TS 
 
 Residence FE Market price Special mark of | 
 | 
 
 Currency. 
 20 Mr. Joseph Lespérance|Saint Thomas té b} Quebec No. 138 | Tkese three chairs are cov- 
 21 Mujor Khodes ....... Quebec | 2 dr: awing room chairs . ȣ dv No. 19! | ered with moose deer skin, em- 
 22 Mr. William Drum... | 1 curled maple chair - do ou : broideied with the hair of that 
 Model of ship do No 20) | animal, 
 l Do Ocean Steamer do No. 21, 
 | Do River do No. : 
 
 23 Mr. Thomas C Lee... 
 
 . Gaspé Spring wheat Xe bush.|Yontreal No. 1! The prices of agricultural pro- 
 Do do | do No, © duce in Canada are exorbitant 
 
 25 Mr. l’Abbé Villeneuve! Montreal | Do do | do No. 14 this year, which has prove very 
 do No. 23 unfavorable for the exhibition 
 
 24 Mr. Abraham Coffin. 
 
 do  beans | do Nos. 11,12  The-e are chosen samples ;and 
 
 26 Mr. George Shepherd. 
 
 do ye : be: ; | do No. 37 the prices given are those of 
 do arne £ do No. 38 pi: ked seed. 
 
 ji % | 4 samples garden peas | Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6 of such prodüce, 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 l 
 1 do buckwheat do No 39 
 27 Mr. William Stephens Saint Martin 1 sample Timothy seed,,.,,,.,... 5 | do No. 7 
 28 Mr. William ! vuns .. Montreal Leo do do No. 8, 
 - 29 Mr. John MceCowan.. Lachine Hd: pr ring wheat ES do No 10! 
 à 7 | do N el: , 
 30 Mr. A. Kem pton ra Ne 16! 
 81 Mr. J. F. Pelletier... .|Isle Jésus LE | do  No.15l 
 82 Mr. Graham (Chateaugus | Barle; | do No. 17 i 
 | do No 18! 
 88 Mr. J: Logan....,...)Montreal.......... À do No. 55 
 
 do do 
 
 84 MriJ: Fisher... .|Riviâredes Prairies. SRE 
 85 Mr. J. Oswald Sainte Thérèse | Barley.… IN: M: No: 20 
 86 Mr, David Laurent... ‘Varennes ats PRE do No. 21 
 87 Mr. Badhaw | Dr ille | Où : | do No. 22] 
 
 
 
 
 
Montreal, No. 
 do No 
 
 2 
 2 
 do No. 2 
 9 
 2 
 
 88 Mr. H. Detrick...,..|Lacolle...... ....... Tes 45. ui entend ee eo e 
 84 Mr. J. Dillon. .......|Long Point .......... er AT CS She 4 0 0.0» 
 AR D CLOUS. 7 Do... 040 ed MMM +04: 
 41 Mr. Walter Miller.... Sainte Rose ......... Do = Le LS MR eme ne 00, 1 0 
 42 Mr. J Robertson. . ..|Long Point..........l DO is 4 CUT: A AOC 
 43 Mr. Richard Thomas. .| [Moutreal ............| Buckwheat flot MTL... 
 
 où À 
 
 …. 
 
 { 
 
 | 
 do No | 
 do No : 
 do N. ni 
 do No. 81: 
 
 go0'v'0 
 
 — 
 è 
 
 20 ewt. 
 10 
 
 t 
 D © 
 
 | Spring wheat.. . LIRE I ORONCE 
 : ‘ Fo | Do D en ous 10 do Na, 82 || 
 Agrie € socletv.. œvie? RES Ge | : AT page {| 
 44 Agricultural Society. | Saguenay .. D prit NERO DRE do No. 33 
 
 | Onats..... tes ....... 5: b do No. 9 {| | 
 
 
 
 æ 
 
 do No DJ: 
 Da 
 
 | 
 do 
 
 45 Mr. Arch. McFarland.!'Montreal ............ 
 46 Mr. J. Thayer....... Do ICRA PE 
 
 Refined glue.......,.......... 
 
 1 
 | 
 | 
 ” “ . | 
 Indian corn Or MAIZE .., ess | 4 ) ès 
 1 
 | 
 | 
 
 —— 
 LA 
 
 nt tt it, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | | 
 | 
 | | 
 E | 
 | Beans.. sé e.esse-sesssesoeeee 10 b do 
 | DURE AE à | 
 [| 3 boards of yellow pine ......... 8 2 58% Se # r= || 
 [13 do do Kamouraska dojT ETES | = 4 | 
 ° LOTS x © D «© 
 | Boards red pine................ 17 © Pt es tu | cu | 
 [2 do black spruce ...........:. LEFT PCT ve a} | T1 ] ] | 
 | [as ST LT 5 5 ese samples have |! 
 fil Boards, tAMATAC, . oo sstesees [5e 794%" © | | « | L] rm à 2 0 
 pa OS 2 7 dE Ne | cc been collected in the Que- 
 | SP ecimen butbernut,...sss.s.s.s. [= DANS SES | | x Fe 2 2 ail b se # ne | 
 A TE D c + Lumber Market, ar | 
 ‘4 Do black walnut..::,,.,,,.12 "5952.40 | gets Lara _” , Le, nid” [| Lo 
 Do Shell bark hickory [TE 2mO" Sue, | | à Le. Dr Pr 27777 | ” 
 ... … E Do 7 + 10 : md A | 
 | Na AMTUE lise. g£— "à | : on parts of the Country. || 
 d > Lx Let sr. enecer sp .|ss CE PU: CH 74 || 
 | 1 specimen Grey Ouk.,.......... [to Terme So x | | O || 
 | Do Red do ji. 2 DRASS EE | || Lee | | 
 Do je ATOS OA pe Éfée a | e | 
 | Do Iron Wood É 2:98 8 ét | 
 + ood. Ra Eu RL ES | 
 . Shi | | es 4 sg HR rs * OST Se mec © 14 « | 
 41 Mr. J Sharples.…. . . .| Quebec ....… _ 4 | Do W hite " Ki m . 1! «20 À DES | ci PET = . 4 ui = | | co | 
 bn. Sa able no on ex: | ” 
 | Do Grey OLA PR ! © rs Ca O0 2 .@ | © ] | 
 c + Q nt 6 € | Q | 
 Do Stippery do . eee | DS Er S |) 3 il 
 Do White Ash .....0..: les nm © À sen Res #4 8 | ; 
 | Do Grey Asl [Ste Se 5 7 ag ” £0 F4 | | | 
 |e NIC } ASN cororso l do 2, à 2h | À a || : 
 Do Black Ash .......... 5 2 LE © n°7 2 || er D | | û 
 Do Red Birch......... 46 D gd NES | AS, | | 
 + . ,* ! AE Fe “ br 4 ec LA h 
 ; Do White Birch ........|@ 8 SES gi 8 | k 
 Do MUR V0, CEE EE ea || Lu | p 
 D ? NC le 3 pr, 0 © 43 "+ de || | 
 0 Bad WOÛUd se oc Se VE DM AUS à — rf) | « © 11 
 on gd LR nl 2 en V2 mn | || à 
 | 2 specimens Red Maple.......... (aesTems Da En | | 
 FM ce Re EX :e © 5 | À 
 | | 1. do Bid’s eye Maple ... En =f-be A Mr six | es = | 
 | dE do  Curled do | SÉRESFrA À s | | 
 | 
 
 
 
qe tea 
 
 RE PRES PET TETE 
 
 CarTazocue of articles sent from Canada to the Paris Exhibition in 1855.—(Continuation.) 
 
 
 
 Residence Market price Re eo mark of 
 
 | 
 | 
 Name of Exhibitor. of Article exhibited. of he package con- | 
 | { 
 
 Sie 
 
 Exhibitor. Article. PR the Article, 
 
 | 
 
 cas |! 
 RE à SA PLAN SD ET 
 
 
 
 48 Mr. Saint Amand... [Quebec à | Roll Maple Veneer .. ... This method of preparing 
 49 Mr. J. W. Dorwin....[Montreal . à “et RFF PAR EU NE wood for veneering, by Mr. SE, 
 à RAT | 1 Leather Trunk ....... -......:...... Montreal, No. 5 ter consists in eutting cir- 
 50 Mr. H. Morris... TS | 299 
 
 1 Single Harness ....... ; 4 108 | do do |eumferenti: uly a transverse sec- 
 
 51 Mr. Couvrette | X | Double AD ST ARMES ES à |£ 10) { for the tion of the tree into a ver y thin 
 
 Mr. J. C. Spence. Do | | 2 specimens of Painting on glass. . | £40 Isheet, which has the general ap- 
 : — 1! a : 
 
 | do Nos 5, ie of a piece of cloth. 
 | 
 | 
 
 Î 
 
 : | 
 (Currency. | 
 v ! 
 
 Î 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 Mr. T, D. Hood... \ 1 piano (£150 t whole. ] 
 
 Mr. H. G. Rose... ....| 2 specimens of ty pography .. DES TOR EN RS do No. 6 The specimen sent is about 26 
 Portable Forge 40 F4 SA:E0 do No. 6 yards in length, by about 19 
 2 Leather Portmanteaus..... Re Een do Nos. 10, 90 iuches in width, 
 
 Flannel MDN RE de oo € - 10 sample | do No- 7. 
 
 Me) CURE > | Hs £ le . . T” C1 4 n. + 1 
 ; e Ronde à | ! Woollen Shawl and 2 pairs Socks |..: e do No. 10! 
 
 Robert Dean... 
 
 
 
 2... 
 
 | s 
 Li Ou | 1 do and Blankets ...! lc do 
 [r, Simon Bean. «| Do .. |8 pairs Woollen Socks ARR | …. A No. 72] 
 | yards MBA ; AM 2A 2 | 1 No. 
 | 2 bottles 1 laple Sy NA NE ea el | D : No 
 58 Mr. N. Valois ..… .| Montreal | pécimens s of Tanned Leather. s | No. 
 iDyed Ship Skins: ,:.,,.,::,.0 (| No. 
 | Maple Sugar Na Une 3 à No. 
 59 Leds W: Smith & Co. Do | Boxes of B ots aid Shoes. .., 3 ), No. 
 60 7 te & Dockville . .| Do î : Sewing Mach | No. 
 61 Mr. Edouard Gauthier! Do : ER Comp ete Suit Etoffe du pays | No. | 
 62 “a Geo. Baringtou.. Do , À .. | Single Harness No. 10! 
 63 Grey Nuns...,....... EI: , EN Thread Work. ...:.,:... 1 | No. 10] 
 64 Starke & \ avt | Do . \ ....| Speciiuens of Typography. AA TS { . do | 
 65 \lessis. R. & À. M liller| Do . SEE RE Do Bind Hg Fi - RES ’ do | 
 66 Mrs, S, Mob: ss ai PO. AY a Do do ANA | | ? do 
 67 St John's News ...,.[8t John's … L Copy of Paper printed on Satin . do 
 
 D Oum. UNS NÉ RRARRT LE à Nos. 11, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | | 
 | 
 |. 16, 25, 80. | 
 
 - 
 
 
 
| 
 
 10 Mr. Robert Romain. .|Peterborough .... ...| Steam Plough.......,.,..,..,.... | £800 (do Nos, 13,14,15,| 
 9() }, 28, 24, 22. | 
 
 49, 99, 29. | 
 
 £65 do Nos. 16, 68, 71, 
 
 69 Mr. Daniel Monnereau Montreal........... | Planing Machine ...,............] £146 Ido Nos. 12, 19, 81] 
 Thrashivg Machine. ..,........... 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | 
 71 Mr. B. P. Paige ..... Montreal ............ | | 
 | 14, 101, 104, 1101 
 2 Mre Di: Smith... .. Do CÉRA NT UESt LEE TR no à ne 208 lot do No. 16 
 13 Mr. J. H. Ryland ...| Do No OP ne laissons nanas «ss (O0 Nos. 17, 74 | 
 4 Montreal India R. Co Do ..........| Specimens of India Rubber shoes. | ƣ7 108 lot do Nos. 18, 72,76; 
 | | 
 75 Mr. J. Dawson.......l : Do sssss..rs.| Set of Toolm.........,.....,.,.| £12 158  lotido No. 21 
 716 Mr. W. Wallace..... Do Se Se à ee Do A RE se hi k DT LL A do | 
 77 Mr. A. Laflamme ,... Do déesse sl Où Clone, A ET ARS FOR dsr Ne do 
 78 Sisters of Providence. Do OR A LUE LAIT PNR IE) | 22 lot do Oo. 22 
 | {| Planipg machine ..7..,.......,, | 15 Ido Nos 26, 27, 80 
 | | | 85, 88, 97 | 
 | ! Machine for making Tree-nails ...| 25 |do No. 34 
 | CESR PROS LE me tn Tel No. 35 
 19 Mr, W.Rodden......| Do détansen À ECO dix cusdd eee L #7 104 do No, 36 
 | FA SUVeS rennes er manmnnose an Le dense a ea 00 » 00 » |dO No. 51, 55 | 19 
 \ | Turming ds MR ONE Det At nie de à 6 n rase O0 No 76 (en 
 [| Scales .. RIT PARC EE DEA VC TOP ESP ERRE à 1 No. 71 | 
 80 Mr. Pietro Moretti… | Do Deus at OCE PARENT EE AE HEART" No. 28 | | 
 81 Mr. J. Jeffries. . [Petite Côte ......., $ | Sub soil Plough............... 1 £6 do No,3s | 
 1 { # Lrysr UN ONSRr Cal PAT Den) No. 79 | 
 | | DR MON LUE NE. Pers 258 do No 34 | 
 ME Thon Jenkives. . Mon, 2, OR hair. novel Le  ldo No. 68 | 
 | PP TR db. No 1 
 
 Mr. Clark... ...:. 
 
 Do PMP Le LC TS 2 
 
 
 
 { 
 ! 
 | 
 L 
 pe. 
 l 
 | 
 
 
 
 89 Mr: ©. "TE Fo. Do 4 /17211r0tm botties Nent'# Foot Oil... 
 90 Mr. J. Fisher........!Rivière des Prairies... 1 bottle Oil of Sesamum.....,... 
 
 1! . 
 [2] 1 
 | Le O | ( L 
 84 Mr. Hood & Brothers.| Do Vas uV arr Dino (MON 5. 0 UC ET OR [do No. { 
 85 Mr. EH. Holiand..,... Do BORA NE L PORT AR PRIOR S SE 1: LRO PEER No. 85 | 
 jt Fra Hotiensis 100. No: 87.0. 4 FR | 
 t | Deer horns | do No. 81 î 
 | 2 =LIVILIND es... 0. ss ess fesse \ it'e QUE À 
 7 » » \ Taofor | | iaanirz : toc " VI T ré] Y ù ep 3 k 
 87 Mr. Thos. Heef cé: Do es EL Black Por A AMENER PA Ë HAN AE de vec O0 No. 48 The prices of à frreat number 8 
 \ Ÿ « 2 FA ht(ens € 9 Dot 1Q Le ] » Q V: Pr ich | " Ve" g + a TE - …. 
 88 Mr. À. Archambault . Do ste NS LEE ROM Marion VArnEN”, . UM 40". Ido do lof articles have not been given » 
 
 5s co do (by the Montreal Central Com- À 
 ! AT À Ne . . . 
 Montreal, No. 48 \mittee, and ir has been imros- { 
 
 
 
 ess tas 
 
 | 
 A 
 : : ; | | Stuffed Birds of Canad: 
 | . 86 Mrs, MeCulloch.… .… Do LA VAT AIN A uILe( l'AS ( AG de à do ide 
 
 € | , LU cpefesa 4: ps pt : ‘© Area | 1 AACT UE" " 
 91 Mr. Richard Thomas. .| Montreal. ........... PR lim cneave cine sn 28 RU ie NO do ‘sible to supply the deficieney. 
 
 99 Mr. W. Price Do | | Fanning Machine............... £16 108 do 
 ï dé TOR Me et | 
 1 
 
 
 
 50 
 )8 
 
 nd 
 en 
 
 | 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
ee 
 
 Cararzocue of Articles sent from Canada to the Paris Exhibition in 1855.—(Continuation.) 
 
 Ps me AR -a A a TE US : FR = . , « . : see sm à ar ere PC AVENR 00 rame). 
 
 à vus + sms " REIN a + om manner 
 
 | Special ma: k of 
 Name of Exhibitor, | of Art € | the package con: Remarks. 
 Article, itaiuiug the Article. 
 
 Reaping Machine ......,..e. | do Nos. 51,65, 
 
 | F 95, 6 
 Mr. Moody........,.lTerrebonne ....... 
 
 
 
 | 
 Machine for separatirg Clover 
 
 NOPAG RARE. NU 
 
 \r. Andrew Dickson. k | Spsen EN OO, UUR | k No.652: Thereare 64 of these specimens 
 Mi. John Robhs:...,.l)ontreal.. se. Biscuits A AVDeE ed % SIN] do to. 58 of Wood, one half &f wi.ich have 
 Mr. Clurde Pitts. ...,.1 .D ve AV ASENRES “Aa RS | NE k do do ‘been collected on a superficies of 
 
 re = 
 
 3 
 Mr. George Cross... 54 100 arpents 6f forest, 
 
 Mr. 3: W. Hilton 
 
 100.Mr. Lamouche .,..,.l 
 101 MessrsNe'son.Butters 
 
 : [2 | 1 h , * Q. p 7 4 : 
 102 Mcessis. { o18e & May 
 
 108 Mr. C. P. L 
 
 
 
105 Mr. George Glasford. Brockville..........,.| pairs of Horse Collars......... fessessesss ce. do No. 74 | 
 | 4 uo do sessosess losooseosre ven do do | 
 de | 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 H 
 106 Mr. John Coombs...| Do "11 2 Saddle Prees OV RES RS RE ECREE TA do do | 
 >| 
 
 107 Mr. G. Prowse .,....1X ORNE NT 0.002002 00 62 00e Go 
 
 108 Mr. John Boyd. , 14 Do EPP NL Bises NDS es à «5 à à 4 84 
 
 109 Mr. F. M. Ossaye.… Sault au Résolles 521 Sen ple of Hempi,. 00... 
 
 110 Mr. Southwiek ,....|Mont Saint Hilaire ... ere ti RE TE tonte se de au ie Se dus o 
 
 11! Messre Murphy... Montreal .,,...... | Fishing PT CN ELU CSC d Sn ÉCLE va De da où 0 e 
 
 312 Mr RE REA ARS, af | Do HG: | Engiue Hotgté;: .. possosssesesesssessssel 
 
 RE MR ie dla Lachine D PPT LL PRRLEE, 0 ENS CEE osroonesesss 
 (| Fish Glues,.,....s.sssesss.e. 
 
 .|Montreal....,,.,...,4| Wax ,s...ssse RARE PPT VD st | 
 RS 0 NRC APE ET OT DU PRE RUE ES LES SR 1] 
 
 PRE MA de sssrssrese.) OÙ HU PAP T IT PTE TETE senesspieee do No. 72! | 
 
 
 
 0.20"... do do | | 
 do do | 
 | … 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 ! 
 
 | 
 
 Lyman & Co.. 
 
 CS 
 4 
 phn 
 2 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 115 Mrs. Cushingæ ,. Vo. 72! | 
 16 Mt. Jiuues Taylor... AHatley..............| Maple Sugar.,,.,,., PATENT A OR PORTES PRET TN | do do || 
 117 Mis P. Langevia_. .IMontreal, ... ..... ..| E Fablecover,,,,,.ssss9999. res lorseopoososoee] do do ? | 
 115 s, Vancelow .,,..1 Do ir EN TRAINERS EE Do RÉ RATE PAPA OR do do | 
 119 Mr. Ashton Re Do SDS Des rs 6. SE PRE AC COST OT PES CPR PORTES ao No. 75 } 
 120 Mr, W. [dler, ..,.12 4 SN PER RAR TT NOM PE TU TT CES CITET TEE LC “to do il 
 121 Mrs. Ranver .,,2,/.lAcadie,,,,.,,,,, sl Hay Hats...........,.,:,.,..1..............) do Nos 75,8%; | © 
 122 Mr. John Peacock...|Montreal,....,.... A Fi DOM: de des oNe fénossdass sers es. do do Î bar 
 Denr, Jones. 72 E M0 Ts Ps ST OR TP ne dE RS NS ETS SL PORTES PPS do No. 76 | 
 N24Mt. Parkyn.. 0804407 Do 19 -F ER RER à lon Sheet 7 up ne A PSS A do do || 
 125 Mrs. Davis ,.… Do huis 121 Notdls DT COR a do No. 77; | 
 126 M: 4. Boblé & Andry. Do FES US mé À | Pas CHARS EDEN r 0 F4 ÉTAT ES CS UT dé if ne | do No. 18; Il 
 Re EE sent: do do | | 
 | Ox ne à RO A TS NS 545 155 lo No 82} [| 
 127 Loeal Committee of. a | Spinping * W heel . RE BA ES “A ME 5 ve à do No. 87! fl Fr 
 no se cod I Sd s ve do No. 115] 1 
 NU Mr. Hiegins. .…. :IMomeal:1 4 EN Aa ie. ue secs dt tal OA do No. 80{ | 
 | (| Aguti-guépa.. sesssessseseses fosses. | do No. 79 | | 
 | Corn Sareh.............. |... | do do ! (| | 
 129 Mr. G. Shepherd. ...| Do .......:..+4 | Preserv L'APP'es..............f..............l do do | | ; 
 | ! Presei ee. 10 4. Card SON senenssssse| do do ! | f 
 | LP phonrehest 1... SN UMR ee... | ‘do do | ( : 
 130 Mrs. Lacombe. ...../Saint Mielhtol: CT 27 l’otatue Rare 201 0. ee NOUS OR E PS 20 Go do |} “ 
 131 Mr. Owen MeGarvey| Montreal ,........... UT NES: | LUN TERRES do No. 81 | 
 132 Mr. W Evaus:.: 2. Do Rs 2: | eu of Canadian Farm ........ | | MAD ORER do Nos. 81 86! ; 
 ne. Rd Do .........:..] Houps.…......................1....... 424 do Nos. 82, 110] | Fi 
 | 
 | | | | F 
 
 
 
 ERBREZ Joan Se QT 
 
 
 
 
 
, 
 
 CaTALOGUE of articles sent from Canada to the Paris Exhibition in 1855.— (Continuation.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ven 4 = en, La eo 
 Special mark o 
 AT Lo PO be à sé, 
 (ame of Exhibitor. he package con+ | 
 . . & 1 :° 1 s. | 
 aining the Article. 
 | 
 
 
 
 re 
 
 _ 
 
 | 
 | 
 
 —_——|— 
 | 5 
 
 sp 
 
 . J. Ostell ......./Montreal 
 : 
 
 | 
 tort T Y> 
 Starke ê Co. | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 
 bû 
 C9 
 2. 
 
 ph bed 
 OÙ — 
 
 CO 
 Li 
 
 A 
 
 ® © 
 # 
 
 CO CA 
 
 Mrs: JOTÉMAL ES | 
 Nliss Shepherd PE" 
 Mr:J:0) Donne . ...! 
 
 | 
 
 de D 
 
 . (n nn 
 ] © 
 
 V9 C9 C9 
 S 
 
 ., 
 
 HU AnUreS .., Chambly ....,.., .| Paper made of gnaphalium ...... |. | do No. 87 l'his isa new discovery of a 
 . Cindlay .....| Montreal SORA 10 : 7 Yi: 2" ANSE NN SR ES | , le (purely Canadian nature, | 
 . G. Barington .. D Saddl | | d 
  J. Redpath....,! 
 André Larivière! 
 Mr. G: Sohier . ..... L 
 MC ER, Do 
 Mr. T D Proctor... Do 
 Mr. J. MeDougall ...| Do 
 
 149 Mr. Robert Scott .. | Do Rte Net 
 150 Mr. Thos. Peck & Co. Po mn Samples Of Nails... 4 la Ra L : d 1 à 94 
 
 151 Mr. Dame & Son ... [Lachine à il HOBE =: 1: RS À PSN UE UE No. 96! 
 152 Mr. McLellan ......|Montreal .\ Mortising Machine. .... à lo 98] 
 153 Mr.-Sharples le | ki MT eo me Re" LL | 
 
 55 Mr."Sharpies.....,, Quebec .... F pus Specimens Of mber .. Rae J; No. 102, 103! 
 154 Mr. Kennedy. ......|Montreal *Do D« ù Sèi 0 No. 103| 
 155 Mr. W. Hearle ., | Do Re RE No. 113 
 
 put 
 
 V— C9 19 
 
 ] 
 ] 
 ] 
 ] 
 ] 
 140 
 ] 
 1 
 j 
 ] 
 1 
 
 1 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 147 
 148 
 
 cn. y 
 à 
 
 
 
 re Mn Ye œ . 1 nr 
 156 Mr Cantin, ...,.... Do .1 Boat Oars ..... pal SEEN RC No. 116: 
 
 ; Whale Oil... | 4 gallon/Quebee No. 24} 
 157 Mr, C. H. Tètu .....{Rivière Ouelle. | Seal Oil. ..., gallon| do do | 
 Porpoise Oil, 5 gallonu! do do | 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Caplan Oil ........ PAPAS ET 5s 6d gallon 
 157 Mr. C. H. Têtu..…..|Rivière Ouelle. ..... 4 | Shark Oil..................... 5 gallon 
 Specimens of Porpoise Leather,..| 30 skin 
 158 Mr. À. Ardouin.....[Quebec ......,....... PO PRES se Latin Pos ina 
 159 Messrs, J. O. Taché | Samples of Grey Paint.......... 18 3d Ib pre- 
 and T, Michaud. .[Rimoueki PRrON Ie EE 
 ” 4 gt nt Do 7 PRPPPETS 2 do 
 | Do bibi, do do 
 160 Messrs. Lepage anû| 
 Lévèque .. :.:. Dore HT RET A sè Do Black Porpoise Oil..... 5 gallon 
 161 Mr. Jean Saint Pierre) Do ..:....:... Spring When sise, | 10 bushel 
 162 Capt. Thomas ...... Toronto ....::.; +: + : .] Model of Safety-raft ............1.............. 
 163 Mr. Célestin Lévêquel| Rimouski PRRLASETALI: FAINArAO MnOM ne. ici sisi £2 10s 
 164 Mr. Joseph Lavoie..l : Do  ,........... Sample CR ne des eux | 
 165 Mr. Abraham Lavoie, Do ........,.. Do 2. ut RPC CN D POP LP TPE 
 166 Mr. Jean Marmon.. 1 DOG PNR Do né Ci POP NRAOS DIR EAN 
 167 Miss Cochran ......|Quebec .............. Vas RON gun, nsintes us £10 
 168 Mess. Dion & Lepage! Rimouski. .....,..... Large Model of Thrashing Mill...| £15 | 
 169 Dr. Marmette , .....| Montmagny. ......... Canadian Tobaeco .............. | 5d Ib 
 170 Mr. David Price. ...|Chicoutimi........... Mocassins embroidered with silk 5 
 Q171 The Secretary of the 
 Committee . Quebec. ....,... AT Do soled with India Bubber | 1's 
 172 Mr. Nicolas Pinault.|Rimouski.,.......... Sample of Coffee ..........,.... 6d 
 173 Mr. P. Bouchard. . . .[Quebec. .......:..... Do: Que Maple: sisi cum ui Lun 
 174 Mr. J. Bingham. . ... NOPWIOR Sidi ur, Iron Plone: jure even £15 
 PL PPODETE RON EN IT ER E ) 2 10s Lot) 
 176 Mr. J. Carr ,....... TOM 6. à Sample of horse hair Rope......, 6 15 do 
 TS oi RON PRET 6 
 176 Mr. Thomas Moore, .|Mimico ............. Collection of Fool Handles ,..... De 7 do 
 177 Mr, J. Treckeld..... Toronoi it ,15e # Do LA, MÉTOMTTITUN 27 do 
 178 Mr. F. Jones. ..,..... Gananoque.. .….....,.|Shovels.... .,................. 8 do 
 179 Messrs À. & D. Mc-! | 
 Gregor... ,..,..|Toronto .... | Collection of Rope......,,...... £ 20 do } 
 3 samples of Wool,....,..... ee 0 
 180 Messrs Barber & Bros Esquesing .......,., 116 proces 6f Cloth... , £25 1 do 
 2 samples of Spun Wool ,,,,... £ 21 do | 
 181 Messrs. Houghton & 
 Wallace. ...,... ar à NP di ie LA £29 do 
 182 Mr. W. Crawford... Toronto ............. TT | 0 1 do 
 183 Mrs. Moore ......., 7. fe OP NN 0 1 
 
 
 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Toronto 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 No. 25 
 No. 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 27| This grey paint is foundin its 
 do natural state, and is not produ- 
 do |eed by any mixture of colors. 
 
 
 
 . 28 
 . 29 
 ». 80! 
 No. 31! 
 . 87] 
 35! 
 . 381 
 . 39 
 . 40! 
 40! 
 } 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 me 
 
 
 
CaraLoeuE of articles sent from Canada to the Paris Exhibition in 1855.—(Continuation.) 
 
 oo EEE © © 2 
 
 fi Market Price | Special mark of 
 Name of Exhibitor, Artielès exhibited. of | the package con- Remarks. 
 t 
 
 0 
 Exhibitor. Article, aining the Article. 
 
 Residence | 
 f 
 
 | 
 
 Currency. 
 
 184 Mrs. Musson Etobicoke 8 pairs of Socks £2 108  lot| Toronto No. 2 
 185 do Harper Do 3 do do | 8 do 
 186 Mr. L. Torrey INewmarket 5 pieces of Cloth 28 10 
 187 Mr. Robert Walker..|Toronto do do 
 188 Messrs. Bryce, Mc- 
 
 Murrich & Co... 
 189 Mr. Thos Wheeler... À Feather Boa 
 190 Mrs. Stifrel 8 Counterpanes 
 191 Mrs. Silverthorn.. ..….|Cooksville 1 do embroidered 
 192 Mrs. Pollard ........|Hamilton Embroidered Slippers 
 193 Mr. L. Morse | Milton Wooden Plough 
 194 Captain Hudson .... Toronto Models of Boats......esseosses 
 195 Messrs. Hearn&Potter| Do Engineer’s Level 
 196 Mr. Robt. Smiley... . Hamilton Samples of Shirts 
 197 Miss Widder | 
 198 Messrs. Merrifield & 
 
 Sheridan D 2 pairs of Boots................ 
 199 Messrs. Seanbirth & 
 
 Robinson, ..... D do 
 200 Mr. $S, Ebenezer .... 2 dozens Gloves 
 201 Mr.J. Murphy 12 samples of colouring 
 202 Revd. Peter Jones. .| Brantford Indian Curiosities ,,.,...+.... 
 208 Mr. J. Bevis 1 Round Table 
 204 Mr, E. R. | Harness Mounting 
 
 2 samples of Indian Corn 
 
 205 Mr. Alexander ShanelToronto. ......... \ ; + 4 of Spring Wheat 
 206 Mr. Piper & brother.| Do Lanterns for Locomotives 
 207 Mr, John Nasmith..., Do Biscuits 
 
 ÿ Stuffed Animal 
 208 Mr. J, Booth......,.[Niagara Falls... ... À ra Birds 4 
 
 Toronto Drawing Room Chair .......... 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 209 Mr. N. W. Fox... +..| Toronto .…..,..:... «-.| Samples of Slate..... Saad du 4/6 16 | £2 10s 
 210 Mr. W. & R. Edwards, Do .,....,... do TONER dure de sa bee 0528 80 lot 
 D AT DO cons vaux | Building Materials. ............. | PRIE ON LS A MEGA 
 212 Mr, H: H Date... IGalt. .,,..... 000 .| Edge Tools. .,...,....eeevvee 250 de 
 213 Professor Croft. .... Toronto. ......se ...| Pharmaceutical Preparations .... | 5 do 
 214 Mr. W. Armstrong..| Do .........+0e. 2 Water Color Drawings........ 49 
 NP NEMMad".r Do . scene L'PnBraNNER ee eee oo o 0 « 7 
 ME 5 Architectural Designs.........}.,..........e 
 216 Mr. W. Thomas... | Do, css ie sis j | Mie ‘MNT 22 Boche Mo | 
 170 à MPNON TE DO ODOO CELTEEEEETEETE 
 217 Mr. Kivas Tully.....| Do ............ .| 4 Architectural Designs..... ROUE PER RT UPS ET EU 
 218 Mr. Paul Kane. ..... DO Érgucs CHRAMOR E Où PAR desc soso cvsaseter 
 219 Mr. D. Kennedy....| Do ......... ....l Collection of Stuffed Birds of Ca- | 
 dissous eus 25 
 220 Mr. O. T. Macklem...|Ohippewa .… | RE nil | 
 221 Mr. Edward Lawson|Toronto,.......…., pl Of Flour. ss... 222 
 MO bee + + « PP NT QE RE 1 5 
 , | Field Pease.................... | L: 
 222 Mr. James Fleming .| Do ..... ss... Timothy Seed... 604006 800 « « k 18 
 12 varieties of Seed. ,.....,....... | 6 
 [ Plank of White Pine.......... US EN REP ES | 
 | Do LE Le OP RO ONE PPS ALES TES 
 Lo CPR OR sn opéra dote ue 6e m0 0109 
 PORN OT MON ne cuve di ed | Éadénrps sise os 
 Do Miss TITI ST TT 00 9 PONT IS T TI LIL 
 223 Mr.J. W.GambleMP| Vaughan. ......... ME PMR een ee 00% à se 6 RON TRS SAN 48 m8 m0 
 Do D eo à ve RL OR R vue dee 
 Do MIND FINS... ent lili age sessn. 
 | Do RON 0 à, re IT TT as sd be de 
 (| Plank of Red Oak .......,..., ES PECTPPNETETELS 
 | Buck Wheat..,.....,... PRET 208 sample 
  CÉRENR PE RES RON PERTE 10 10 0 
 NT LAN dde dee one. 46000 15 do 
 224 Mr. R. Wade..,,...|Cobourg...... "1 | Spring Whent secoue | 30 2 4 
 RETENUS DER EU 15 do 
 | lo uiunn uso PRE £2 8s do 
 225 Canada Company. [Toronto ...... » “4j 1 1e ds ARR RU ANS SA CNET | ide neesue 
 
 226 W. Samuel Platt.…. 
 
 
 
 
 
 + © 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 do No. 15 
 do No. 14 
 do No. 16 
 do No. 17 
 de No. 18 
 do No. 19 
 do do 
 do do 
 do No. 67 to 76 
 do No. 19 
 do  No.20] These paintings represent 
 {scenes in the western prairies of 
 do No. 21! America. 
 do No. 28 
 do No. 24 
 do No. 25 
 do No. 26 
 do No. 37 
 do No. 44 
 do No. 49! 
 do No. 27! 
 do No. 28 
 do No. 29 
 do No- 80 
 do No: 81 
 do No. 32 
 do No: 88 
 do No- 84 
 do No: 86 
 do No. 36 
 do No- 38 
 do No: 40i 
 do No. 42 
 do No. 48 
 do No. 47 
 do No. st 
 Toronto No. 39 
 do No. 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 c& 
 
CaraLocue of articles sent from Canada to the Paris Exhibition in 1855.—(Continuation.) 
 
 Name of Exhibitor. 
 
 228 Mt. D. Wilson 
 
 | 
 Residence 
 of 
 Exhibitor, 
 
 | Market Price | Special mark of 
 Articles exhibited. of th: package con- 
 Article. taining the Article. 
 
 nt, rentes once nt | coatétie ne nent GT th A 2 
 
 Currency. 
 
 227 Mr. F.W.Jarvis.. Toronto. .......... ..| Hops | 83 68, Toronto No. 46 
 
 280 Mr. Alerander Shaw|Toronto 
 
 281 Mr, P. Leonard 
 
 332 Mr, W. Gamble .... 
 
 238 Messrs. Helm & Wade 
 
 284 Mr. J. Parson 
 235 Mr. Louis Lemoine. . 
 
 236 Lieutenant Ashe, ... 
 
 Etobicoke 
 
 Port Hope 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Quebec 
 
 237 Ottawa Company. ..|Hull 
 
 288 Mr. Lewis Sleeper.. 
 
 239 Mr. George Stevens. 
 240 Marmora Foundry .. 
 241 Mr. Seymour 
 
 242 Mr. Alexander Morris 
 
 243 Mr. J, Porter & Co 
 
 ( 
 
 Quebe……… 
 
 Newborough..,....... 
 
 Marmora 
 
 Montreal 
 Saint Maurice. ..... { 
 
 1 18 do No, 48 
 
 15 do do 
 5 do No. 49 
 5 do No. 49 
 do No. 50 
 Split Pease 1 10 do No. 51 
 Rye Flour do No. 52 
 Indian Meal 10 do No. 58 
 10 do No. 54 
 Pea do No. 55 
 Barley 5 do No. 56 
 Wheat 8 do No. 57 
 Piercing Machine : do Nos. 58, 59, 
 60, 61 
 do Nos. 62, 66 
 [Quebec Nos. 32, 88 
 34 
 Model of Safety Apparatus do No. 41 
 Magnetic Iron ton Geological No. 1 
 Do MO toi de ONE do No. 2 
 Copper Ore........... JO RESS À A A RARE ER do No. 13 
 Native Gold do 
 Magnetic Iron 2 do 
 Do do 
 
 5 Eu PONT TPE TT TT AS PPS POP ET PIC CN 
 Sandstone 
 
 Remarks, 
 
 
 
Ground Limestone......... OPEN DR CPP US PP ETR do No. 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sand Plone, dre r evene sen de AIT ES do do 
 Casting Iron........... Had das de 18 p.1b. do do 
 Mallenble: non ne 25  p.cwt. do do 
 D te Ruben à pa à 
 Limestone for casting. .......,.,|..,.""""""" do do 
 RATE 0 1 LU TPE RTE do do | 
 Moulding Sand. .... LIT ARR ET PEL ER TRS do do 
 L LA TO UÉREE PTS IST PT PTE PRIOR do do | 
 l pour mo anale do No. 8 
 245 Mr. Andrew Dickson Kingeton nl AE a 
 L | Re on do No 58 
 246 Mr. H. L. Smith. ...|Sutton........... DD mme à 0 ÉLPEPDDREIVP ER PÉRNRRRT RRRRE | do No. 8 
 247 Mr. Oramel Stutson.} Do ONE m6 PTE Do HART TERE) 10000 ENCORE do No. 10! 
 F Don ne : do No. 11| 
 ne tt Ne COAPORPO RTE IT RES TAPER | do do 
 Titaniferous Iron....,........... | COOPER ETÉR APE do No, 11 | 
 2 panne à CPC RO PT TL LEA) PATES | do No. 14 a 
 DO D A, dt do No. 16 
 . DOTE ee SES | de na 28 aa do do » 
 | Native Silver with Copper PL do do 
 Auro argentiferous Copper Ore .. | LAN ANR PORTES do do | 
 Argentiferous A 0 ONE do do 
 re ER ie Te do No. 17 
 one ane rs RE | do do 
 : Le RL TOO RRREUUE RARE do do 
 348 Geological Dpt... Montreal ........., À Iron Pyritico:s Poe ane »'0 ‘à à de ARS EN SA do No 18 L 
 | UM Don... 7: do do | 
 M ne be ne vo» d'a d qe PR RP do No. 19 L: 
 Jasper Agglomerate :....,.... 0" do No. 20 L 
 edit a ns ce OR do do L: 
 Wad or Earthy Manganese .,,.., | SORÉ ONE S à si) do do À 
 Cohen. ÉdRVe dan ne eue à à MNT ET do No. 21 L: 
 laine : | Pa RAT 2 MORE do do 
 
 nu ne NOR RO RRE 54 Mere 
 Ut RÉ RRPRSET 
 
 
 
 ts TOUR Aitanes ss ee | do No, 25 j: 
 
 
 
CarALocuE of articles sent from Canada to the Paris Exhibition in 1855.—{ Continuation.) 
 
 oo 
 
 Residence Market Price | Special mark of 
 Article exhibited. of the package con- Remarks. 
 
 Wame of Exhibitor, of 
 Exhibitor. Article. taining the Article, 
 
 a a — en ge en ne ne 
 
 Currency. 
 Building Sandstone Geological No. 27; 
 Hydraulic Limestone ..,,,.,.::1....... assise d No. 28 
 
 | Building Stone . 30 
 Do do . 87 
 White Bricks . 53 
 
 | Lithographic Stone..,.......... . 61 
 
 Roofing Slates .,......,. nd UE à . 68 
 Hydraulic Limestone 
 Canadian Tripoli 
 
 248 Geological Depart, {1 | FRA 
 ment—(Continued.) De LT ee 
 Whetstones.......s.cesrsvee ad 
 Specular Iron...........,.. PETT 
 DOM ORO .. id dé an iaa re 
 White Quartz Sandstone ........ 
 Fossil Traces of a crustacea. ..,.. 
 Do do do 
 Do do do 
 
 85 
 Nos, 47187, 88, 91 & 93. 
 
 249 Mr. B. Vanerman...!Tilsonbury 
 
 250 Captain Morin Saint Valier 
 
 251 Mr. J. McLean 
 
 252 Mr. Blint .......,..|Landsdown........., 
 
 253 Montreal Company..|Montreal.,...,.... 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Native Copper........... RTL ETE TIGE LOST do No. 16 
 254 Quebee Company .. [Quebec sas sen Do À “FRFERPPP IT IS | PASSAT PES TER do No. 78 
 265 Mr. W. Norton ..... DOLIOR...e cfctiicirent: Chr ai de dre ide t ie dé ds: do No. 18 
 AurHerons PRES dues. sors losissées POELE do No. 17 
 Argentiferous Lead Ore....... PRE EPP ÉSS LEFES ” do do 
 256 Mr. J. Douglas ..... Quebec ........... ÿ go pate Pyrites ...... PIN ETE EE RER TE PE ‘ | do do 
 Zine Ore....... ÉPOP TRISTE IT TR CÉORITIT SALÉE | do do 
 257 Mr.C Samson...... Point-Levi ..,::5-4. Dole EE dde ve à 6e | RS PTS RE PE do No. 19 
 258 Mr. U. Foster ...... Brome's idees es ses 2 AMP TS IS PRET PE CNRS FE TL TT R ACROSS EST ET do do 
 5 PO LES OT CAL T ILE ITR : dé id oh n és | do do 
 259 Dr. Wilson .......+ | Perth... ssvsses ce Phosphate of Lime ,..........,. 1... do No. 29| 
 Poe RE ado e de ie's NPC PPT LOST IS CPP | do Nos. 71 & 91! 
 260 Mr. W, Yates ....…. Paris (Canada West) | Gypsum ....,.....45.4.....4. ssssssiesssss do No. 22) 
 261 Spotter, Wood and} 
 Reynolds.......... D L'idnihs e so sstoe MI MR dre nus désdonpeen sie ee ee dan noue do No. 23 
 262 Mr. J. Donaldson, ...[Oneida. .....,..::..., ENT PMR RDA TL PS LP SEL CAL TER ET TA ITS do No. 24! 
 968 Mr. R. Chesman....|Philipville ..,....... MONO ii bas ae ele s culs soie dis és Née | do No. 25 
 AR ATP RAR RACE RAR SL RE js (2: ÉERPETRESTS PET do do 
 264 Mr. D. McLaughlin..|Ottawa ..... Été 1 AT PMR CAO EEE D RU RH TA RUE CR ECS RE pa do No. 26 
 Building Stone... esse ose 0 0000 0 0e do No. 36 
 265 Mr. Etienne Caron...'!Ste, Anne .....,...... Red Ochre:, ss 46 den de | VRP PAP OTTS do No. 26 = 
 266 Mr. A. Monroe & Co.| Pointe du Lae.,...... Do: 0 ue mn série ven lee «00 Edo ne à do do 
 267 Mr. H. Woodward ….|Potton ......,.. .....l Powdered Soap Stone FRET bise | SPP POS AE do do | 
 à OU UT RE PIE PR RSS CR LOL LLC CT CPE EL do do M 
 #08: Me: O'Connor... op APN a ARE Do RCA CAN à 655 SUR REN be PET CRT" do No. 62 
 Building Stone. .,..,........4... loss sesee es do No. 29 æ 
 | Do ”. AMAR REPONSES CR APP EE CAT | do No. 81 # 
 269 Grand Trunk Rail. 4 do 08 de CLÉ NS Re Ca do No. 32 
 0 MS de SR a des Va pee se do No. 38! Î 
 way Company...|Cannda ...,.,..... CRM TU à à vù à de IT ENS 20 5° 0 do No. 89 
 M le ttes voue ob s VOL TT El lt re do No. 40 È 
 Sand Stone. ............csseu0e fosses os do No. 41 Li 
 | Building Sione.,...........44 lsrevaseieise e se aa No. 74 1' 
 £ ç : Do ES Lis ST TON EE ele 6 à O0 No. 34 L' 
 270 Mr. Samuel Keefer. .|Brockville ..,,,,.,,. | Do ARR Ge AR Le oil RARE do No. 35 |: 
 271 Mr. R. Brown ...... Lake Ice ; oc ge Do 1 MER PT RP AIT, CES CARMEN RE do No. 38 À 
 272 Mr. P. White.,..... Pembroke .. «ss sé Nat Mb nis ia PARCS PAT PE IAE ONE do No. 42 : 
 273 Messrs. Hilliard and # | | 
 Dickson..,.. ....|Packenham ...,....,.. RE D LR 6 2 SCT | PMR ce | do do | 
 ï 
 2: 
 
 
 
CarTaroque of articles sent from Canada to the Paris Exhibition in 1855.—(Continuation.) 
 
 ER 
 
 Residence Market Price | Special mark of 
 Name of Exhibitor. of Articles exhibited. of the package con- 
 Exhibitor. Article, taining the Article, 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 te rt mme | ————……—…—û ms ms pm, ———— genes matt pee | mms ms, en —————— 
 
 Currency. 
 274 Mr. J. Calway Saint Joseph......, ..| Granite 
 275 Mr. J. Primerman. . .|Barnston 
 
 276 Messrs. Hutchison & 
 
 Morrison 
 
 Geological No. 
 do \o. 
 
 IMontreal 28. per cubic 
 ft. prepared 
 277 Mr. McDonald The Chats 
 
 282 
 282 
 
 283 
 
 284 
 285 
 286 
 288 
 
 288 
 
 289 
 290 
 291 
 292 
 
 294 Mr, H. Woodward.. ou pe 
 
 Mr. J. Leeming..... Montreal 
 
 Mr. Edmund Berry. .|Brockville 
 Mr. Townley Toronto 
 
 Mr. T, Martindale . 
 Thomas Keefer 
 
 Mr, J, MeMannus.. ,|Bolton 
 
 Mr. Sparkes Bytown 
 
 Mr. A. Groman Belleville 
 
 Hon. T. MacKay ...|[New Edinburgh 
 Mr. L. M. Cyr Sainte Rose 
 
 Mr, Sheriff Boston. . 
 
 Messrs S. & R’Andres Chambly 
 
 Meéssrs. White & Gal- 
 
 lo Melbourne 
 Montreal 
 
 Montréal, ...::::2: 
 
 0.590. L 
 
 Sand Stone prepared by machinery 
 Do do do 
 
 Do do with the chisel 
 White Bricks 
 Gypsum 
 Do 
 Building Limestone 
 Building Stone 
 Compact Chlorite (Pot Stone) 
 Do ÿ 
 Fresh Water 
 Do do 
 Do do 
 Do do 
 Do do 
 Pressed Peat 
 Do do 
 do 
 
 | Compact Oalorite 
 DO8P SOUS... vod 
 Do 
 
 0002002000. 0: Fees: .....e | 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 : à D à Bog Lron is: MMlundone Los Pen ae à» see He No. 638 
 2° Mr. B. Lancaster...| Vaudreuil... ..... Phosphate of D . : TÉCELIT EEE No. 10) 
 296 Slate Company of..|Shipton ............. PO MA MERE ES us «0 à eo à eo | Mad 06 se 0 0 ” do No. 64 
 297 International Com- 
 PART Dose e Hamilton. An en se assis dress. do No. 65 
 298 Mr.James Brown. ..|Saint Catherines ..… : ERrAIR Cement................ : MEME n 0 ee Lt ï 
 299 Mr. J. Guy........ Melbourne ..,... ee PR EN dde due ln omes es soaçe ns do do 
 800 Mr. Joseph Tardif..|Tring............... D EL ven 8 6 à à 0 | Lérodents etais do No. 68 
 801 Mr, J. Leslie....... [Sherbrooke ......... DO A a dd in rie te ccridoues à do do 
 302 Messrs. Sykes, De- | | 
 Je 1 | £ Labr y PRE PR EEE AIO PRO PP PE 2 do do 
 bergue & Co.....|Montreal ...:..... nn U e | Re | do No. 17 
 3803 Mr. J. Scobell...... rh PRTILTITIET | Pod RTE MAO VDO ee lose due e do No. 72 
 304 Messrs. Gilmour & | PARA V AIT RIT NT do No, 73 
 Jackman ........| Kingsey..... Ph oe NN PR dd a RM MR RG EE à Eu one TR T PTT do No, 73 
 805 Mr.T. Logan......, MORMIORR 0... Cut Stone incrusted with Gold ... | db le trs | do No. 76 
 806 Mr. F. Inlay ....... 23.3 1! 7 CNP PO MR NT at de Re el dan de ee dt do No. 79! 
 807 Board of Public Model of Flood-gate, ............ | FES TRES ER ES Quebec, No. 42 
 WOrRS.. j 140468 AR dés à Do MR :.. Si ras, | EXO En dub à d à | do No. 43 1: dd 
 Plan in relief of Lachine Canal. ..!.............. do No. 44 bent | 
 808 Messrs. Farmer & | % 
 De Blaquière ....| Woodstock ....,..... | J9 Pnadma es Wade. 070... à Woodstock from | 
 | No. 1 to No. 26. x 
 809 Mr. D. Mercier.....|Quebec ....... PEUR | RE LE ee EE Siret Quebec, No, 45 D 
 810 Mr.'T. Wheeler..... FR Le dede ds on à Seal Engraving ................ | PTE TRE L: 
 811 Mr. J:Perry.....,. Montreal ..... ŒUUL sùS ir Poil LUE Dee £225 Montreal, No. 134 
 812 Mr. Edouard Gingras Quebec Ki DU dE AE Four Wheel Vehicle........... : 175 | to 137 | 
 313 Directors of the Grand . | | | | 
 Trunk Railway. ..|Canada ....,.,..., Plan of Victoria Bridge in wood..{|.............. | E à 
 814 Mr, J. Saurin Quebeg se a Janadian Pleasure Sleigh don CRUE 115 |: 
 315 Mr. Jas. Logan ..... Montreal; 400t ChaudicraGeld. 0... 404 1,050 Geological No, 89 £ 
 816 Mr. R. À. Miller... Der EM so Mpecimens of Binding... ...:..41444fiu0.. Montreal No 188! 1 
 SN Mr Ac odees 1: Do 2 5 du ds do FT RP PE ART ARR do do | |. 
 318 Miss Parthenais...., Industry ......... PR A O7 0. D) CORRE le + WAR ET FE do do 1: 
 819 Mr. C. Billinge..... kr DAS à se ST | DT D de da dE | ER PNR .....|Geological No. 90 | 
 Re nn ? : oo = » 
 ; 
 
 
 
CaTaALoGuE of articles sent from Canada to the Paris Exhibition in 1855.—(Continuation.) 
 
 Name of Exhibitor, | 
 
 | 
 
 RUN RSS A 
 
 820 Mr. l’Abbé Tanguay. 
 
 821 Mr. Zéphirin Perrault 
 
 A Ba EN DE Le 
 
 Residence 
 of 
 Exhibitor. 
 
 Rimouski 
 
 Kamouraska...... 
 
 ” STAR ENES Em. 
 
 RER RER EC 
 
 ... 
 
 | 
 
 | Market Price 
 Articles exhibited. of 
 Article. 
 
 Fossil remains of a Morse | È 
 
 4 Parasite crustacea of the Whale. |......... .... 
 8 Indian Curiosities 
 
 3 specimens of Fossils.....,.... 
 
 Sample of Asbestus........,..... 
 
 | Special mark of 
 the package con- 
 taining the Article. 
 
 Quebec No. 46 
 do do 
 
 | do do 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 | 
 
 J. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 —————_——_— 
 | ——————————© — —————— —— 2 | —————  — ———— —————— —— 
 
 These remains were found 
 about three miles from the shore 
 and 100 feet above the level of 
 the St. Lawrence, imbedded in 
 8 feet of clay. 
 
 C. TACHÉ, 
 
 Secretary of Executive Committee. 
 
 
 
43 
 
 ee imiter” ne 
 __— nt it EEE ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 ge cm 
 
 To the articles above enumerated must be added a Geological Chart 
 of Canada, by Mr. Logan, and a Topographical Map, by Mr. Keeler. 
 
 A certain number of articles, about forty, altogether, were voluntarily 
 contributed by exhibitors from various places. The greater part of these 
 articles have no great intrinsie value; but the articles of the exhibitors 
 whose numbers and names are mentioned below are not in the same 
 category, and the Executive Committee have guaranteed the return of 
 their several contributions : . 
 
 11. Mr. l’Abbé Malo, see Catalogue. 
 13. Mr. J. W. Ryland, do 
 80. Mr. Pietro Moretti, do 
 
 86. Mrs. McCulloch, do (£300 guaranteed.) 
 218. Mr. Paul Kane, do (property of Mr. Allan.) : 
 310. Mr. D. Mercier, do 
 
 315. Mr. l'Abbé Tanguay, do 
 
 In the descriptive Catalogue published in Paris during the Exhibition 
 will be found all the particulars, which it could not be expected would 
 be included in the foregoing lists, which are only given here to shew the 
 plan adopted in forwarding the articles. 
 
 Such was the collection sent to Paris under the immediate superin- 
 tendence of Messrs. J. C. Taché and W. E. Logan, who were appointed 
 Special Commissioners, charged to support and advance the interests of 
 Canada at the Great Universal Exhibition of 1855. Other gentlemen, of 
 whom Messrs. De Puibusque, Bossange, Maïtland, and Boulton, resided 
 at Paris, and others of whom were expected speedily to arrive at the 
 place of Exhibition, were added to the Commission in the capacity of 
 Honorary Commissioners, and Messrs. Romain and Perry were appointed 
 Curators of the Articles. 
 
 Erpenses of the Committee. 
 
 The following table exhibits, under their different headings, the sums 
 appropriated and expended by the Committee. The Accounts in detail 
 having been handed to the Auditors of the Public Accounts, with the 
 necessary vouchers and explanations, the whole, upon examination, have 
 been approved and found to be correct : 
 
 
 
 
 
PARIS EXHIBITION, 1855. 
 
 Derarcep statement of the expenses of the Canadian Department. 
 
 | Quebec. | | Total. 
 
 Items of Expenditure. Montreal. Toronto, Paris. 
 
 ’ 4 LR | \ DE 8, ù £ 
 
 To’ the Commissioners and curators of effects, including gratuity 
 
 A Gated A à re RE PE ANSE IR DIR COR CAES ES COCO ER CE PEN RENE PEER 2589 
 Office expenses and contingencies. ....,.,....,,.......... 1738 
 FPS ARE SONORE ES UE LUS ee Grenade QE £ ! 651 
 Purchase of articles for exhibition. ......,.............. 3: | 6483 
 Pac UE OR NS En Eee à NU En on 82 10 2433 
 A D ne el CRAN 1612 
 Publication and distribution of PDA SR ns A LE RTS QD SR 2 2004 
 
 1otal éxpenditure, 4... A 2883 10 8 | 1685 7 4| 66œ8 7 6 || 176183 © 2 
 
 Less amount received from sale of articles, .,..,,......:101 10 656 6 & #0 1313 16 7 1332 4 7 
 
 ROUE x pondibure: RUN At Te 1165 15 2 2318 4 9 1677 6 10 4364 10 11 16180 17 8 
 TT TT ri EE EN PUS A0 EL 
 
 Explanation of the balance Received from Government, ...,....... 
 pus DE Mr. Logan, JO Do ƣ1,600, stg., equalto............ 
 au ir, TaGh6: UT | JS 
 More Bânk. 4.5... ne RAA DR PAR RE RS D SR © à à 
 et à Sn C0 NS SRI ON à 16180 17 8 
 £1311 19 2 PNR RE 
 EE , 
 Mr. Perry....…., £500 O 0 
 kr, At ann 167 16 10 667 16 10 
 
 ST 
 
 WM. LANGTON, 
 Toronto, 22nd April 1856, Auditor. 
 
 
 
 DE si Cu D-NTRSE 
 
ge 
 
 45 
 
 te tt mp, tt" és Lits. Éni 
 
 
 
 
 
 ———— 
 
 
 
 The expenses are charged under several principal series, and, for 
 reasons to be explained hereafter, are distributed under the several head- 
 ings of Quebec, Montreal, Toronto, and Paris. No. 1 comprises sums 
 disbursed as travelling expenses of the two Commissioners, the salaries 
 of the two Curators, the sum of £500 à gift to Mr. Perry, and various 
 other expenses. No. 2 includes contingencies of all kinds, and items of 
 expenditure which are not referable to any Other head. No. 3 consists 
 of sums paid for advertisements in the journals, &e., &c., and at Paris 
 for the printing of Mr. Stuart’s Geological Chart, of Mr. Taché’s descrip- 
 tive Catalogue, and other expenses of the kind. No. 4 shows the cost 
 of the various articles. No. 5 is composed of the expenses of packing and 
 carriage of articles from different parts of the country, to Quebec, Montreal, 
 and Toronto in the first instance ; from thence to Boston and Ne w York, 
 and finally from these two seaports to Liverpool and Havre. No. 6 is 
 a classification of the sums disbursed at Paris in the arrangement of the 
 articles for exhibition, the preparation of counters and glass-cases, and 
 for purposes of embellishment, &e. No. 7 shows the sums expended at 
 Paris for the publication of Mr. Taché’s Essay, and for that of the other 
 Essays in Canada. 
 
 The labor of collection was shared, as will appear by the statement 
 of expenditüre, between the Executive Committee, and the Central 
 Committees of Montreal and Toronto. The articles purchased by the 
 Executive Committee were indiferently the produce of Upper or Lower 
 Canada, and furnished chiefly by contributors of that class who had 
 previously received prizes at the London and New York Exhibitions, 
 and by those who had been fortunate enough to obtain first class prizes 
 at the Provincial Exhibition. 
 
 The articles acquired by the Central Committee at Toronto were 
 exclusively Upper Canadian; those purchased by that of Montreal were 
 exclusively Lower Canadian. 
 
 In their prospectus, above quoted, the Executive Committee laid 
 down as a principle, that the products of mines, forests, and agriculture, 
 should necessarily receive the highest degree of attention; accord- 
 ingly, the display of products of these three kinds was truly magnificent, 
 and the premiums obtained were such as to give full satisfaction to all 
 who were interested in exhibiting the natural resources of our country 
 to the greatest advantage. 
 
 It is not necessary to give a methodically classified catalogue of the 
 agricultural products sent to Paris. The samples were numerous, very 
 fine, and in great variety. Fruits and vegetables being naturally prone 
 to decay very speedily, and thereupon not admitted into the building in 
 their original state, were nevertheless represented, either in the shape of 
 
 
 
46 
 
 me tt mt meet ht amer 
 ge ot = nr < = | 
 
 preserves of different kinds, by drawings, or by being modelled in wax, 
 from nature. The following classified catalogues of products exhibited 
 in the three first classes of natural objects will no doubt be perused with 
 interest. These lists are of course given only for general information : 
 
 MINERAL SUBSTANCES. 
 
 OLASSIFICATION OF MINERAL SUBSTANCES SENT FROM CANADA, IN THE 
 ORDER IN WHICH THEY ARE USED IN WORKS OF ART. 
 
 1. Metals and their Ores. 
 
 Oxidulated iron, from Marmora, Madoc, Sherbrooke, Crosby, Hull, 
 Leeds and Portage du Fort. Specular Iron Ore, from MeNab, Wallace 
 and Lake Nipissing. 
 
 Bog Iron, from Houghton, V audreuil, St. Nicholas, Machiche, Point 
 du Lac, St. Pierre, Cap de la Madeleine and St. Valier. 
 
 Titaniferous Iron, from Sutton and Brome. 
 Ilmenite, from Bay St. Paul and St. Urbain. 
 Blende, from Lake Superior. 
 Lead Ore, from Lake Superior, Gaspé, Ramsay, and Lansdown. 
 Copper Ore, from Lake Superior, Lake Huron and Inverness. 
 Native Copper, from Lake Superior. 
 Auro-argentiferous and Argentiferous Pyrites, from the Eastern Town- 
 ships. 
 Nickel, from Lakes Huron and Superior, and Daïïlebout, 
 Silver, native, from Lake Superior. 
 Gold, native, from River du Loup, Fief St. Charles, Aubert de lIsle, 
 Etchemin, 
 Gold, native, from River Chaudière, River Famine and other neighbor- 
 ing places. 
 Platinum, from Fief $t. Charles. 
 Iridosmine, from Fief St. Charles, 
 Auriferous Pyrites, from La Beauce, 
 Argentiferous Pyrites, from La Beauce, 
 Arsenical Pyrites, from La Beauce. 
 
 2. Minerals requiring chemical operations to fit them for use. 
 Uranic Ochre, From Madoc, 
 Chromic Iron, from Bolton and Ham. 
 Cobalt, from Lake Superior. 
 Wad, or Earthy Manganese, from Quebec 
 
 
 
47 
 
 es 
 
 
 
 nat titres Re 
 
 he mn 
 
 Iron Pyrites, from Lanoraye, Dautraye, and the Eastern Townships. 
 
 Molybdenite from Lake Superior and Somerville, 
 
 Dolomite, from Dalhousie, Blythfield, Sutton, Brome, Shipton, Bt. Sylves- 
 tre and Point Levy. 
 
 Magnesite, from Sutton and Bolton. 
 
 8. Mineral paints. 
 
 Iron Ochre, from Ste. Anne near Quebec, Cap de la Madeleine, Shipton, 
 Pointe du Lac, and Rimouski. 
 
 Barytes, from Burgess and Lansdown, 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, from Vaudreuil. 
 
 4, Materials applicable to the Fine Arts. 
 
 Lithographic Stone, from Marmora. 
 
 5. Muterials applicable to Jewellery. 
 
 Agates, from Lake Superior and the North Shore. 
 Labradorite, from Grenville. 
 
 Jasper, from Lake Huron. 
 
 Ribboned Chert, from Lake Superior. 
 
 Perthite, from Bathurst. 
 
 Rubies, from Burgess. 
 
 6. Refractory Materials. 
 
 Soap Stone (compact talc) from Bolton and Potton, 
 Mica, from Grenville. 
 
 Plumbago, from Grenville and Burgess. 
 
 White Sandstone, from St. Maurice. 
 
 Asbestus, from Dalhousie and Kamouraska. 
 
 7. Mineral Manures. 
 Phosphate of Lime, from Perth. 
 
 Gypsum, from Brantford and Oneida. 
 Shell Marl, from Ottawa, Sheffield, Montreal and Stanstead. 
 
 8. Grinding and Polishing Materials. 
 
 Whetstones, from Madoc, Eastern Townships. 
 Canadian Tripoli, from Laval. 
 
 9. Materials employed in the construction of buildings. 
 
 Slates, from the Eastern Townships. 
 White Granite, Hereford, Barnston, St. Joseph and Nicolet, 
 
 
 
48 
 
 
 
 dsl ft si —_# _ PR EE _ = pe _— = mt tt tt Lt LL CON 
 ro, 
 
 Pseudo-granite, from Nicolet and Lorette. 
 
 Sandstone, from Ramesay, Pembroke, and St. Maurice. 
 
 Calcareous Sandstone, from Lauzon and Chaudière. 
 
 Limestone, from Marmora, McNab, The Chats, Gloucester, Montreal, 
 Packenham, and Caughnawaga. 
 
 Trap, from St. Roch. 
 
 Marble, from Oxford, Lake Brompton, Dudswell, Saint Armand, Saint 
 Lin, MeNab and Packenham. 
 
 Hydraulic Limestone, from Thorold, Quebec, Oneida, Nepean and 
 Brantford. 
 
 Building Bricks, from divers places. 
 
 10. Combustible Materials. 
 Peat, from Longueuil and Shefheld, 
 Asphalt, from Enniskillen. 
 
 11, Miscellaneous Minerals. 
 
 Aerolite, found at Madoc, forming a mass of iron with 6.85 per cent. of 
 Nickel, weighing 370 Ibs. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF CANADIAN WOODS. 
 SPECIMENS OF WHICH FORM THE CANADIAN COLLECTION 
 FOR THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 
 
 1. Magnoliaceæ. 
 
 White wood, so called in Canada, (Liriodendron tulipifera. Linn.) 
 
 2. T'eleacec. 
 
 Lime, (Lilia Americana. Linn. 
 
 3. Anacardie. 
 Sumack, (Rhus Typhina. Linn.) 
 
 4. Aceraceæ, 
 Maple, (Acer Saccharinum. Linn.) 
 Red Maple é »: 
 Waved Maple Fe ” 
 Bird’s Eye Maple ‘ # 
 Plane, (Acer Dasycarpam.  Ehrhart.) 
 
 
 
— 47 ms LE EE » 
 
 ge ge Le ne me 
 
 5. Amygdalee. 
 
 Wild yellow plum. (Prunus Americana. Marshall.) 
 Red Cherry. (Cerasus Pennsylvanica. Loisel.) 
 Black cherry. (Cerasus serotina. De Candolle.) 
 Choke Cherry. (Cerasus Virginiana. De Candolle.) 
 
 6. Cornaceæ, 
 
 Cornel, flowering dogwood. (Cornus Florida. Linn.) 
 
 7. Pomacec. 
 
 Dotted or Apple Thorn. (Cratæous punctata. Jacquin.) 
 
 Red Thorn. (Cratægus coccinea. Linn.) 
 
 White Thorn. (Cratægus crus Galli. Linn.) 
 
 Mountain Ash. (Pyrus Americana. De Candolle.) 
 
 June or Service berry. (Amelanchier Canadensis. lorrey and Gray.) 
 
 8. Fraxinee. 
 
 White Ash, (Fraxinus Americana. Linn.) 
 Black Ash, (Fraxinus Sambucifolia, Lambert. 
 Rock Ash, (Fraxinus Pubescens. Walter.) 
 Rim Ash, (Fraxinus Juglandifolia. Lambert.) 
 
 9. Lauracec. 
 
 Sassafras, (Sassafrac Officinale. Von Esenbeck.) 
 
 10. Ulmacee. 
 
 White Elm, (Ulmus Americana. Linn.) 
 Red or Slippery Elm, (Ulmus Fulva. Michaux.) 
 Rock Elm, (Ulmus Racemosa. Thomas.) 
 
 Gray Elm, ( ce ce «ce ) 
 11. Juglandaceæ. 
 
 Butternut, (Juglans Cineres Linn.) 
 
 Black Walnut, (Juglans Nigra. Linn:) 
 Soft Walnut. 
 
 Shell bark Hickory, (Carya Alba. Nuttal.) 
 
 Smooth bark Hickory, ( “ Tormentosa, Nuttal.) 
 
 Pignut, ( ‘“ Glabra. Torney.) 
 | «= 
 Butternut, ( ‘ Amara. Nuttal.) 
 
 D 
 
 
 
12. Cupuliferecæ. 
 
 White Oak, (Quercus Alba. Linn.) 
 
 Swamp White Oak, ( “ Bicolor. Wild.) 
 
 Red Oak, ( “ Rubra. Linn.) 
 
 Black Oak, ( ‘“ Nigra. Linn. 
 
 Chesnut, (Castanea Vesca. Linn.) 
 
 White Beech, (Fagus Ferruginea.  Aiton.) 
 
 Blue Beech, Horn-Beam, (Carpinus Americana. : Michaux.) 
 
 Iron Wood, (Ostrya Virginica. Wild.) 
 13. Betulacec. 
 
 Paper or Canoe Birch, (Betula Papyracea. Aiton.) 
 Yellow Birch, ( ‘“  Excelsa. Aiton.) 
 Cherry Birch, ( “  Lenta. Linn.) 
 Black Birch, ( ‘“  Nigra Linn.) 
 Alder, (Alnus {ncana. Willd.) 
 
 14. Saliacee. 
 
 Black Willow, (Salix Nigra, Marshall.) 
 
 Aspen Poplar, (Populus Tremuloïdes. Michaux.) 
 Large-toothed Aspen, ( ‘  Grandidentata. * Michaux.) 
 Balm of Gilead, ( ‘  Balsamifera. ;: Linn.) 
 
 Cotton Wood, Necklace Poplar, Populus Monilifera. Aiïton.) 
 
 15. Plantanacec. 
 
 Futton-Wood, American Sycamose, (Plantanus Occidentalis. Linn.) 
 
 16. Conifereæ. 
 
 Pitch Pine, (Pinus Rigida. Miller.) 
 
 Red Pine, ( ‘  Resinosa. Aiton.) 
 
 Yellow Pine, (“ Mitis Michaux.) 
 
 White or Weymouth Pine, (Pinus Strobus. Linn.) 
 Balsam Fir, (Abies Balsamea. Marshall.) 
 Hemlock Spruce, ( ‘“  Canadensis. Michaux.) 
 White Spruce, ( “ Alba. Michaux.) 
 
 Black Spruce, ( “  Nigra. Poiret.) 
 American Larch, Tamarack, (Larix Americana. : Michaux.) 
 White Cedar, (Thuya Occidentalis. Linn.) 
 
 Red Cedar, Savin, (Juniperus Virginiana. Linn.) 
 
 
 
< 
 > cm CARE ONE RER LE D 
 ? TE OO ES ed . 
 
 51 
 
 CO om , 
 ne 
 oem 
 
 mm 
 _—_— 
 rs 
 
 LIST OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS OF WHICH DRAWINGS AND 
 MODELS IN WAX, TAKEN FROM N ATURE, WERE EXHIBITED. 
 
 —— 
 
 
 
 VEGETABLES, 
 £. 
 Family of the Cruciferæ, class Brassicæ. 
 Brassica. 
 Turnips, 6 varieties. 
 2. 
 Family of the Umbelliferæ, class Dancinæ. 
 Dancus, 
 Carrots, 8 varieties. 
 3, 
 Family of the Chenopodeæ, class Cyclolobeæ. 
 Bella. 
 Beets, 9 varieties. 
 4. 
 
 Family of the Liliaciæ, class Hyacinthenæ. 
 Alium Sativum. 
 
 Onions, 6 varieties. 
 
 5. 
 Family of the Cruciferæ, class Raphanæ. 
 Raphanus. 
 Radishes, 7 varieties. 
 6. 
 
 Family of the Umbelliferæ, class Pencedaneæ. 
 Pastinaca. 
 
 Parsnips, 3 varieties. 
 
 
 
 
 
solo 
 
 £ es - + 
 — - - - 4e 2 n$ _ re - a + à + . = SAR === Dédms : 
 "©" 0 a En  — — ne di : : — 4 na D - " 
 — A =r - _- + nr — = = L 
 < ® ’ tes rois _- KR = 3 SLT hi: 
 _ Rae = ne Le _ 
 { 
 
 PER … 
 
 a. 
 < 
 
 Et 
 
 ne ee — 
 
 
 
 Family of the Rosaceæ, class Pomaceæ. 
 
 Malus. 
 
 Fameuses, 4 varieties. 
 es Rennets, b varieties. 
 PPIES:+ | Grises, 6 varieties. 
 | Other varieties, 63. 
 
 2. 
 Family of the Rosaceæ, class Amydaleæ. 
 Prunus. 
 
 Plums, 36 varieties. 
 Family of the Cucurbitaceæ, class Cucurbitéæ. 
 
 Cucurbis Melo. 
 Melons, 7 varieties. 
 
 The collection of grain and cereals included all the varieties of 
 these plants which are cultivated in the country. 
 
 The reports hereto annexed, of the Commissioners appointed to repre- 
 sent Canada in Paris, complete the general report of all the proceedings 
 
 connected with the Canadian Exhibition. 
 
 The Executive Council flatter themselves that they are enabled to 
 bring their labors to a termination, with the consoling reflection that the 
 most complete success has crowned the undertaking, for the duc carrying 
 out of which, the country has manifested such earnest solicitude. 
 
 W. RHODES, 
 
 Chairman. 
 
 J. C. TACHÉ, 
 
 Secrétary. 
 
 Toronto, 21st April, 1856. 
 
 
 
REPORT 
 
 oF 
 
 J. (, TACHÉ, ESQ. 
 
 CANADIAN COMMISSIONER TO PARIS 
 
 IN 1855. 
 
 
 
pm 
 
 Er. dre 
 
 Eee PR A | LR 
 
 
 
DL ON Ur 
 
 .* REPORT OF J. C. TACHÉ, ESQUIRE, 
 CANADIAN COMMISSIONER TO PARIS. 
 
 [ T'ranslation.] 
 
 ON 
 
 The duties which devolved upon the Special Commissioners appointed 
 to superintend the Canadian Department at the Great Exhibition in Paris, 
 were of two kinds : the Commissioners had to direct the arrangement of the 
 articles forwarded for exhibition, to place them in positions in which they 
 might be seen to advantage, to see that due care was taken as regarded 
 their preservation, and to be present at the ofhce of the section to answer 
 such questions as might be put to them by casual visitors ; on the other 
 hand, the Commissioners had a duty at least equal in importance to dis- 
 charge, viz. : to use every endeavor to diffuse throughout Europe, correct 
 information respecting Canada, and to render the success Which crowned 
 our exhibition as notorious as possible. It will at once be evident, that 
 to have exhibited collections of articles to the mere passimg gaze of 
 visitors, would only have been to aim at transient effect, to seek only a 
 momentary repute. It became then of absolute importance to perpetuate 
 the remembrance of the Canadian exhibition, and to make known to the 
 world such information as would be calculated to advance the progress 
 of emigration, commerce, and industrial pursuits. Another duty fal- 
 ling within the ofhce of the Commissioner was, to transmit to the people 
 of Canada, from time to time, information in regard to events which 
 might occur at the place of exhibition, and to enable the Canadian 
 public to derive profit tv as great an extent as they had reason to expect, 
 by the grand lessons which science, agriculture, arts and commerce 
 might draw from the occasion so far as they were applicable to the in- 
 terests of the country. | 
 
 It was at once apparent to the two Special Commissioners, Sir William 
 Logan and myself, that these different duties so distinct in their nature, 
 differing so essentially the one from the other, could only be satisfactorily 
 performed by each Commissioner assuming his own distinct share ofihe 
 task. Sir William Logan, therefore, undertook the arrangement of the 
 exhibition and the other duties attaching to that part of the work, aided 
 in his labors by the two curators of the articles, Messrs. Romain and 
 Perry, whilst I assumed that part of the work having reference to the dif- 
 fusion of information throughout both Europe and Canada. 
 
 : 
 DT: 0) 
 EEE 
 
 
 
0 er 
 
 Sir William Logan has sent in 10 the Committee his report touching 
 the share of the duties which devolyed upon him, together with lists 
 shewing the manner in which the articles have been disposed of, in con* : 
 formity with the instructions which he received, and the opinion ofmany , 
 of the Honorary Commissioners then present in Paris; the whole forms 
 part of the general report. 
 
 It becomes my duty, then, to render an account of the manner in which 
 that portion of the duties of the Commissioners which fell more particu- 
 larly to my share, has been fulflled. In the first paragraph of this report, 
 I divided the duties incumbent upon me into two parts, namely, to spread 
 abroad. information in relation to matters connected with:the Exhibition, 
 so far as they bore any relation -whatever to the interests of Canada ; and 
 secondly, to enable the people of Canada by means of the. public press, 
 to profit by the grand lessons to be derived from the universal assem- 
 blage of the sciences, arts and manufactures. 
 
 The Executive Committee shewed that they gave due consideration. to 
 the importance of affording the most ample public information respecting 
 Canadian matters, when they invited Canadian writers to compete for 
 three prizes offered. for the three best essays, written with the object of 
 diffusing throughout Europe, information calculated to attract emigration 
 and commerce to our country. 
 
 Of-the prize essays, the one of which Lam the author and which is 
 entitled, {squisse sur le Canada consideré sous Le point de vue. economiste 
 was forwarded to me to Paris, to be published. under my direction. This 
 pamphlet, a copy of: which I append to this report, was circulated during 
 the months of July and August, unfortunately the other essays which were 
 published in Canada, were only received in France in the course of the 
 month of November, when the Exhibition was on the point. of bemg 
 finally. closed. | 
 
 The. Commissioners, in addition to the above essay, ordered:the 
 publication of a work entitled Æsquisse Geologique sur le Canada, by 
 Mr. Sterry Hunt, Chemist and Mineralogist to the Geological Com- 
 mission, which pamphlet being a resumé of the labors. of Sir Williim 
 Logan and his assistants Messrs. Hunt and Murray, was. .admirably.caleu- 
 lated to afford to.the world an idea of the mineral. wealth.of. Canada; a 
 copy of this little work, to which. is annexed. a reduction of Sir William 
 Logan’s chart, accompanies this report; I have. also. annexed to. this 
 report a copy of another pamphlet, published in Paris by myself entitled, 
 Catalogue raisonné des produits Canadiens exposés à Paris en. 1855. The 
 object.of this work was to perpetuate the remembrance in Europe of'our 
 exhibition, and to serve as a sequel to the information on the subject con- 
 
 
 
- 0 . 
 1. née ER ne 
 
 ne 
 
 
 
 tained in other publications. In adition to the information above referred 
 to, I considered that it was also of the greatest importance to draw the 
 
 ‘attention of the public press to Canada and her productions. For this pur- 
 + pose TL furnished several French journalists, with the data they would find 
 
 necessary, in the preparation of articles calculated to give to our exhibition 
 
 the consequence and popularity necessary to its complete success. I do 
 not hesitate 10 aflirm, for the fact is of public notoriety, that estimating its 
 
 importance by its population, Canada has, comparatively speaking, at- 
 tracted a larger share of public attention than any other country, not 
 only in France but in the United Kingdom, in Germany, Switzerland and 
 Belgium, “ Now we can form an estimate of the value of those few arpents 
 “of snow ceded to England with such culpable carelessness by the Govern- 
 ‘ment of Louis XV.” says Count Jaubert at the word Canapa, in his 
 work entitled, La Botanique à l'exposition universelle de 1855. 
 
 Success the most complete has crowned the efforts made by the 
 country in connection with the Universal Exhibition ; this success is evi- 
 denced by the report of the International Jury, and in all the works spe- 
 cially published for tle occasion ;—so much may be said for our success in 
 the opinion of learned men. With respect. to the success obtained: in 
 popular opinion, that has with one consent been proclaimed.-by the whole 
 press of Europe, and has, moreover, been permanently recorded in two 
 great works, destined forever to preserve in the minds of an educated 
 people the remembrance of the Great Exhibition in Paris, viz.: in the 
 History of the Universal Exhibition, by Mr. Charles Robin, and. in the 
 Album of the Exhibition published at the office of the Abeille Imperiale. 
 
 The chapter under the title Canapa in the history of the Universal Ex- 
 hibition begins with these words: “The efforts made by Canada, that old 
 ‘ French Colony, to make a suitable appearance at the Great Exhibition 
 “ of 1855, efforts which have resulted, moreover, in the most complete 
 «“ success, coupled with the undoubted importance of that fine country, 
 ‘ whose future cannot be otherwise than brilliant, render it a duty on our 
 “ part to devote to it a distinct chapter.” 
 
 The most benefcial results must inevitably arise from this knowledge 
 conveyed to the whole of Europe of the resources of our beautiful coun- 
 try, from this popularity, created in the minds of all the transatlantic na- 
 tions, from this interest every where. inspired with respect to the affairs 
 of Canada. Ît would necessarily be difficult if not impossible, to predict 
 what will be the results as regards commerce and emigration ; all that 
 will, in a great measure, depend upon the energy of our leading mer- 
 chants, and to a certain extent also, upon the action of the Legislature, 
 with respect to its enactments in relation to the sale and settlement of the 
 public lands, to the improvements to be effested in our fine communica- 
 
 
 
AT nt à 
 
 b8 
 
 
 
 ne — _ 2 — —_——————— — - _ means — 2 ———— 
 2 om, 
 
 tion by the River $t. Lawrence, and to the regulation of our Tariff of 
 Customs Duties. There is no doubt, however, that the attention of Europe 
 is now directed to Canada, and oùt of the thousand facts which go to 
 prove this assertion, 1 will content myself with saying, that it is mainly 
 due to the popularity in Europe of the productions of our forests, that 
 the Imperial decree was framed, which reduces to a mere nominal duty 
 the enormous impost which heretofore debarred the importation into 
 France, of timber or vessels of foreign build. The eyes of European 
 commerce have been opened to the immense natural resources of the 
 beautiful country which we inhabit. Speaking of the Exhibition gener- 
 ally, the London Times, in an article almost exclusively devoted to Cana- 
 dian productions, amongst other things remarks: “ We may certainly hope 
 “to place Canada on a footing to enter into competition in our markets 
 “ with Sweden, for the productionof the best iron manufactured with wood 
 “ charcoal.” The remainder of the article had for its object to shew that 
 we ought more particularly to turn our attention to the exportation of the 
 natural productions of the country, or of those in the first stage of manufac- 
 ture. 
 
 There is, moreover, no doubt that the success of our exhibition will be 
 the means of attracting to our shores an emigration from the continent of 
 Europe, and in proof of this result I may be permitted to quote a passage 
 from a letter written to me in October last, from Darmstadt, by Baron 
 Wedekind, Chief Ranger of the Duchy of Hesse, and compiler of the 
 records of the German forests : “In conclusion,” says this eminent per- 
 “sonage, [ congratulate you upon your Canada. Although the feeling in 
 “favor of emigration has very much diminished in Germany, I would re- 
 “commend Canada to the emigrant, in preference to any other country.” 
 
 T think it may, with justice be asserted, that the object of the Exhibition 
 has 50 far been completely attained ; to derive from it at a more remote 
 period the greatest possible profit, becomes the duty of the people of 
 Canada, each one to the extent indicated and entailed upon him by the 
 position which he holds. 
 
 Î have before stated that it was part of my duty to inform the 
 People of Canada, from time to time" of all the principal circumstances 
 which occurred at Paris, during and in connection with the Exhibiticn. 
 
 For this purpose I transmitted a regular correspondence, comprising a 
 rapid sketch of the Exhibition from two different points of view, namely, 
 a comprehensive review of the Palace of Industry and its annexes, a vo- 
 Cabulary, in fact, given in the form of a ramble through the Exhibition, 
 the other is an examination, of necessity limited to the extent of time and 
 space, and the amount of information at my disposal, comprehending, 
 however, an examination of the branches of industry represented at Paris, 
 
 
 
59 
 
 oO . Le RD A —_———— 
 
 
 
 class by class, according to the system of classification adopted by the 
 Imperial Commission. These letters, forty-eight in number, published in 
 the Canadian newspapers ure annexed as appendices to this report. 
 
 Although the remark made by Sir William Logan in his report is abso- 
 lutely true, namely, that it is impossible to give a list which would be 
 mathematicallÿy correct, more particularly if commentary be attempted, 
 of all the prizes awarded, before the publication of the final report of the 
 International Jury ; we may, however, make use of the figures contained in 
 the list of prizes published by order of the Imperial Commission to give a 
 comparative view ; the final report cannot differ in any essential particular 
 from the preliminary report, which was made with great care, and which 
 was made use of in the distribution of the medals. 
 
 From the lists here mentioned, it appears that Canada has carried off 93 
 prizes, among which we find one grand medal of honor, one medal of honor, 
 thirteen silver (first class) medals, thirty bronze (second class) medals, and 
 forty-eight “honorable mentions.” To enable the reader to judge of the 
 aggregate as well as the comparative amount of success obtained in the 
 several universal exhibitions in which Canada has entered the lists as a 
 competitor, as marked by the number of prizes received, I here shew the 
 total numbers of said prizes awarded at the Exhibitions of London, New 
 York and Paris. 
 
 They are as follows : 
 
 At London, 67 medals and “ honorable mentions.” 
 At New York, 63 “ . nd 
 At Paris, 93 " " " 
 
 The errors induced by the discrepancies of the various reports cannot, 
 in any serious degree, affect the comparative proportion here shewn. 1 
 should not omit to remark that Canada is the single instance of a colony 
 having obtained a grand medal of honor ; that the medal of honor was 
 awarded for the collection of woods and grain of Canada, and that the 
 contributions to the three classes forming the group of natural products, 
 were derived from a large number of localities, widely scattered, and situ- 
 ated in the most remote as well as the conterminous parts of Upper and 
 Lower Canada: a striking proof that our country, throughout its whole 
 extent, is productive, and that its productions are of a high degree of ex- 
 cellence. 
 
 It is incumbent on me to make especial reference to a machine, con- 
 cerning which the Committee always evinced the highest interest, and for 
 the success of which they made a comparatively large appropriation. It 
 will be at once understood that I mean Mr. Romain’s steam cultivator, 
 This machine, to which the inventor had devoted his life, and his very un- 
 common mechanical talents, was transmitted to Paris in an unfnished 
 
 
 
Sr er em. 
 
 RÉ 
 ie ee 
 
 = 
 
 En | 
 
 5 = D x ire 
 RS A TR Pme 2e 
 
 pense 
 
 ee me 0 0 
 mé mé -—— - dater = ù 
 = ” es 
 
 ne — — SC seine in Tr em a . me 
 DE — - ee 
 
 GQ 
 
 state, and he devoted to it several months of incessant labor before he was 
 able to make the first trial of it. This trial took place privately, and in 
 my presence; it was finally successful as far as the principal mechanism 
 was concerned ; but the period of time during which it continued to act, 
 did not exceed a few minutes, in consequence of a faulty mode of applica- 
 tion in the construction of the boïler. Several engineers, and some agri- 
 culturists of distinction, were admitted to witness the trials, and all with 
 whom I conversed were of opinion that the principle of the machine was 
 good, and that it contained the solution of the problem of the steam plough ; 
 the fault lay, in their opinion, in a simple matter of detail. M. Coré, a 
 French mechanician, the author of a History of Mechanies in the 19th 
 century, speaking on this subject at the special] agricultural banquet, given 
 at Paris, 25th October, 1855, expressed himself in these words : “ I feel a 
 “ high degree of satisfaction, which you, gentlemen, will all share with me, 
 “in learning that the problem of the application of steam to the plough has 
 ‘been completely solved by a Canadian mechanician, who is proud of his 
 “French descent. I lately saw this important machine at work, this plough 
 “of which steam was the motive power, and the experiment was such as 
 “10 leave little to be desired to ensure its perfection.” 
 
 In consequence of the reports which prevailed of the experiments which 
 were thus made beyond the jurisdiction of the jury of the Exhibition, the 
 English house of Croskill sent agents to Paris to offer to purchase his in- 
 vention from Mr. Romain on terms which the inventor considered as highly 
 advantageous to himself, and likely to promote the’ ultimate success of the 
 undertaking to which he had devoted his life. The house -of Croskill sti- 
 pulated that the machine should be withdrawn from the exhibition, On 
 the application of the inventor, and having consulted both French and 
 English engineers on the subject, Sir William Logan and I thought it our 
 duty to enable Mr. Romain to avail himself of proposals which he, the 
 person principally interested, thought the most likely to effect the entire 
 Success of his invention, In the contract which was entered into between 
 Mr. Romain and the house of Croskill, or rather their successors in that 
 house, the machine is designated as Romain’s Canadian Sleam Cultivator. 
 Referring for all details on the several subjects which I have here touched 
 upon, and to the various appendices subjoined to this report, it now only 
 remains that I should render an account of the funds which were placed at 
 my disposal as Commissioner at Paris. My accounts at full length having 
 been examined by the Auditor of public accounts, and compared with the 
 vouchers annexed to them, have been found correct; I here present a 
 statement. 
 
 General statement of monies receivèd and expended by me,as Commis- 
 sioner at the Paris Exhibition, {in sterling.) 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dr. Cr. 
 February 1, 1856. EE: + a. | & 5. à, 
 | 
 To cash from Executive Committee | 160 © © || By travelling expenses and outfit 152 10 0 
 To cash from Messrs. Mallet, of Paris.! 2870 0 0 | By Wm. Chapman, of London... 136 13 0 
 To cash from Messrs. Glynn & Co. of || By Stamp for the same.............:......... 0 15 Q 
 
 of onde soute 730 0 0© | c 4e 
 | By this amount paid to Sir William 
 To cash from M. Potaux, of Liege ..…… 60 0 0 | OR Sn Te LE 1360 ©Q © 
 To cash from Messrs. Cunard .........…. 613 6 | By Mr. Romain, for salary from 1st April 
 || to 16th December, and to reimburse 
 To this value remaining in my posses- [| his outlay as a custodian .............….. 451 0 0 
 sion in travelling equipage, &c....… 25 0 O0 | 
 | By other expenses of freight, arrange- 
 ment of goods, printing, &c.......,...…. 853 10 © 
 | 
 | By personal expenses of all kinds, and 
 | other disbursements................… 279 0 0 
 | By balance deposited in the Bank of 
 | RL sr co gauats 592 12 0 
 || By balance cash in hand......................….. 25 13 6 
 cmintimttte | dm 
 £| 3851 13 6 || £| 3851 13 6 
 
 Ït appears by the above statement that of the sum of £3851 13s. 6d. 
 sterling there remains to the credit of the Committee a balance of six 
 hundred and eighteen pounds five shillings and six pence sterling, which I 
 have repaid to the Executive Committee Fund partly by deposit in the 
 Bank of Montreal, partly in payment of appropriations made by the 
 Committee. 
 
 [ cannot conclude these few lines without a word in reference to the 
 assertion made by a portion of the press in the United States amounting to a 
 charge that the machines exhibited by Canada, were, forthe most part,surrep- 
 titious imitations of American inventions ; Î deny the truth of this insinuation 
 most emphatically. Two or three implements of agriculture improved, not 
 invented, by citizens of the United States, and now become public property, 
 are indeed exhibited, not as Canadian inventions, but as specimens of 
 workmanship. This was perfectly fair, inasmuch as similar implements 
 were to be seen in the departments of almost all the nations who were 
 represented in the Exhibition. 
 
 If the journalists who have presumed to make this charge had taken 
 counsel with the Commissioners of their nation, with whom we were at all 
 times on the best terms, and to whose kindness we were indebted for a part 
 of the space allotted to us in the annexe near the river, they would have 
 received convincing assurance that the success obtained by Canada at 
 Paris, was due only to the intrinsic merit of the products which she 
 exhibited. These few remarks will carry conviction to the least candid 
 minds. Moreover it is but right to admit that some journals in the 
 
 
 
 
 
= RE Rem mme Dee 
 
 es _ — —— 
 
 United States were induced, by a sense of justice and good faith, to confute 
 
 these charges, and to call upon their authors to produce proofs of their 
 truth. 
 
 J. C. TACHÉ, 
 Ccmmissioner for Canada 
 
 Rimouski, 15th Feb., 1856. 
 
 
 
D né rh APE TE D A fi T7 = D AR OS : . ss 
 - . = 
 
 PAMPHLET: 
 
 PUBLISHER AT Fame, 
 
 BY 
 
 J. C. TACHÉ, Es. 
 
 
 

 
PA s + ñ P” RAR, EDR a SES à DA L ET 
 
 SKETCH OF CANADA, 
 
 [TS INDUSTRIAL CONDITION AND RESOURCES: 
 
 BY J. C. TACHÉ, 
 
 MEMBER OF THE PARLIAMENT OF CANADA, AND COMMISSIONER FOR CANADA T0 THH 
 UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION, A. D. 1855. 
 
 . 
 Dublishedn bp order of the Œrecutine Committee in charge of the Canadian Œrbibition 
 in Session at Quebec. 
 
 TYRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH, 
 
 PARTIS: 
 HECTOR BOSSANGE & SONS, 
 QUAI VOLTAIRE, 29. 
 1855. 
 E 
 
 
 
+ 
 
 SR 
 
 
 
D à 2 
 
 EXPLANATION 
 
 OF 
 
 THE FIGURES ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL MAP 
 
 ANNEXED TO THIS VOLUME. 
 
 In order not to crowd the annexed map with names, which would 
 only destroy its utility as an index to the different waters distributed 
 through the valley of the Saint Lawrence, the position of the various 
 Counties has been indicated by figures, as follows : 
 
 1. County of Gaspé. 
 
 33. 
 34. 
 
 _—— — 
 
 —— 
 
 Bonaventure. 
 Rimouski. 
 Témiscouata. 
 Saguenay. 
 Kamouraska. 
 Chicoutimi. 
 Charlevoix. 
 Montmorenci, 
 L’Ilet. 
 Montmagny. 
 Bellechasse. 
 Québec. 
 Lévis. 
 Dorchester, 
 Beauce. 
 Portneuf, 
 Lotbinière. 
 Mégantic. 
 Nicolet. 
 Yamaska. 
 Drummond. 
 Arthabaska. 
 Champlain. 
 Saint-Maurice, 
 Maskinongé. 
 Wolfe. 
 Compton. 
 Sherbrooke. 
 Stanstead. 
 Verchères. 
 Chambly. 
 Saint-Jean. 
 Napierville. 
 
 35. 
 36. 
 37. 
 38. 
 39, 
 40. 
 41. 
 
 +) 
 
 43. 
 44, 
 45. 
 46. 
 41, 
 48, 
 49, 
 50, 
 51. 
 5 À 
 53. 
 54, 
 55. 
 56. 
 57. 
 58. 
 59. 
 60, 
 61. 
 62, 
 63. 
 64. 
 65. 
 66. 
 67: 
 
 a 
 
 Richelieu. 
 
 Saint-Hyacinth. 
 
 Rouville, 
 Iberville. 
 Bagot. 
 Shefford. 
 Missisquoi. 
 Berthier. 
 Assomption. 
 Joliette, 
 Montcalm. 
 Monteral. 
 Laval. 
 Terrebonne, 
 
 Two Mountains. 
 
 Laprairie, 
 Chateauguay. 
 Argenteuil. 
 Vaudreuil. 
 Ottawa. 
 Pontiac. 
 Prescott. 
 Russell. 
 Carleton. 
 Renfrew. 
 Lanark. 
 Beauharnois. 
 Huntingdon. 
 Soulanges. 
 Glengarry. 
 Stormont. 
 Dundas. 
 Grenville. 
 
 68. — 
 69, — 
 
 PARLERA 
 1280 RES AN 
 
 39. — 
 86. — 
 
 CN 
 
 { — 
 
 88. — 
 89. — 
 90. — 
 91. — 
 92. — 
 93. — 
 94, — 
 95. — 
 96. — 
 97, — 
 98. — 
 99, — 
 100. — 
 
 Leeds. 
 Frontenac. 
 Lennox. 
 Addington. 
 Prince-Edward. 
 Hastings, 
 Northumberland. 
 Durham. 
 Peterborough. 
 Victoria. 
 Ontario. 
 York. 
 Peel. 
 Simcoe. 
 Halton. 
 Wentworth, 
 Brant. 
 Wellington. 
 Waterloo. 
 Perth. 
 Lincoln. 
 Welland, 
 Haldimand, 
 Norfolk, 
 Elgin. 
 Midlesex. 
 Oxford. 
 Kent, 
 Essex. 
 Lambton. 
 Huron. 
 Bruce. 
 Grey. 
 
 
 

 
 _ " le e _ — . x 
 es — _ d 2 ” 
 : F re Nb | PR ot mt me 
 : = = : SRE ms «= EE  — = 7 = mr de 
 ae “= = —7 0 0 à me … i … — + + — . _ — < ets te _ — — . | 7 _ ge « 
 « RE — CS - pt ee, ae ps em D ne SR 
 
 
 

 
 SKETCH 
 
 OF 
 
 CANADA, 
 
 ITS 
 
 INDUSTRIAL CONDITION AND RESOURCES. 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The object of this sketch is to combine within the smallest possible 
 limits, the most valuable information on the past and present condition 
 of Canada, to enable the reader to judge of the future prospects of this 
 fine Colony. 
 
 Numerous works exist relating to the History, the Commerce, and the 
 social and political position of Canada; but they are all either too 
 voluminous, or intended to elucidate some one particular subject, —many 
 of them are so crowded with figures, that the perusal of them is out of 
 the question, except to persons seeking complete information upon the 
 general statistics of the country. 
 
 Every effort has been made to compress, in this pamphlet, all that can 
 interest the public, within limits which may render the work acceptable 
 to the general reader. 
 
 Nothinz is more difficult than to say much in a few words; it would 
 be impossible to give a detail of all objects of interest in Canada, even in 
 a work of ten times the length of this. Convinced of this, the author has 
 simply confined himself to pourtraying the main features and characteristics 
 of his country, and has only endeavoured to delineate them with perfect 
 truth. 
 
 The reader must bear in mind that this little volume is meant for “the 
 million ;” accordingly, the man of letters will fini in it but a small amount 
 of literature ; the tourist, little of th2 picturesque ; the philosopher, but 
 
 
 
— 
 
 Ém—. 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 Eee 
 
 ee — D, 
 Do OR _— _— rm 
 
 little science ; the political economist, perhaps, too few figures ; still, all may 
 derive from it some knowledge which they do not already possess; and if 
 the vast number of persons throughout Europe, who have been taught that 
 Canada is the perpetual abode of ice and snow, can be convinced of their 
 error, the aim of the author will have been attained, and something will 
 have been done towards pointing out to the super-abundant population of 
 Europe, a country where the emigrant may find a home, and a free and 
 wide field for his industry, under the protection of wise and liberal in- 
 stitutions, which allow to all,the peaceful enjoyment of their affections 
 and their traditionary modes of existence. 
 
 + on Én if dé bons Détente ns ess, he — 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 L. 
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 . { LÉ . . . . LA 
 Importance of Canada.—Boundaries, extent and position of the Country.—Parts inhabited.— 
 Navigable Waters.—Tides in the River Saint Lawrence.—Natural wealth.—]Improvement 
 since 1760.—Arrangement and intention of this work. 
 
 Canada has undergone great changes since the period when France 
 consoled itself for the loss of this immense territory, by exclaiming,— 
 “after all, what signify a few acres of snow in Canada ?”” Now, in 1855, 
 these acres of snow have become a country covering a space of 360,000 
 square miles, inhabited by 2,000,000 of people ; the annual products of its 
 fertile soil, exceeding in value £25,000,000, independent of the wealth of its 
 forests and the riches contained in its unrivalled fisheries ; its trade employs 
 an ocean fleet of more than a million of tons burden, and à flotilla on 
 the lakes and rivers of upwards of two hundred thousand tons. Its Govern- 
 ment is nearly independent, with a revenue of one million sterling, and it 
 possesses educational and charitable institutions, worthy of the most 
 highly favored countries in the world. 
 
 Bounded on the north and west by the immense tract known as the 
 “ King's Posts” or the “ Hudson’s Bay Company’s” territory, @n the 
 south and east by the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the Province of New'Bruns- 
 wick and the United States; Canada assumes the form of a paral- 
 lelogram, its length extending from the north-east towards the south-west. 
 
 Its whole length in round numbers is 1200 miles, its breadth about 300. 
 The limits of the country, taking it lengthwise, extend from the 60th to 
 the 84th degree of west longitude, and from the 42nd to the 52nd parallel 
 of latitude. 
 
 Here as in other countries the Isothermal zones are not regulated by 
 the parallels of latitude, and with the exception of that part of the west- 
 
 ern Peninsula, in the immediate neighbourhood of Lake Brie, at 
 
 the extremity of Upper Canada, which is the hottest part of the country, 
 and the coast of Labrador, the northera extremity of Lower Canada, 
 which is by far the coldest, the slight difference of climate aflects only 
 the production of some delicate fruits, the ordinary objects of agricultural 
 labour, not at all. 
 
 CR LS Lit 
 
 
 
LATEST | 
 
 = 
 
 VIe = 
 
 de + ee ce MES me © LE 
 
 nr > 
 
 
 
 LS 
 
 PER. TO ÉRENE 
 
 Te 
 —_— .… — * 
 
 ee ——— 
 
 = u u né 
 » 
 » 
 ES Le "2 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 et | 
 LD 
 
 The inhabited part of this vast country contains an area of no more 
 than about 36.000 miles, the remainder is the property of the province, 
 and still exists in its primitive state as a forest, affording timber for build- 
 ing, of which great quantities are annually exported for the markets of 
 Europe and America. 
 
 No country in the world is so well watered by fine rivers as Canada, 
 intersected as it is by the River St. Lawrence through its entire length. 
 
 ‘his river is navigable for the largest vessels up to Quebec, 450 miles from 
 its mouth, and for vessels of 600 tons as far as Montreal ; sixty ieagues 
 higher up, it bears on its bosom large steamers and sailing vessels of 
 from 200 to 300 tons burthen. 
 
 The tide is perceptible as far up as Three A ninety miles above 
 
 Quebec ; in the harbour of Quebec the ais t tides rise to 20 feet, ordi- 
 
 nary tides to about 12 feet, it being found that ce this port to the gulf, 
 
 this river is subject to the same influences as > open sea 
 The natural productions of Canada are as various as its surface is ex- 
 tensive:; the most useful kinds of woods exist in abundance from one ex- 
 
 Senime of the country to the other, minerals, even gold, are found, also, 
 
 copper and iron, the forests are inhabited by wild animals affording the 
 most valuable furs, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence boasts of the finest fish- 
 eries m the world, 
 
 The $oil-is almost every where proverbial for its fertility, and the ex- 
 
 4 
 
 plorations that are constantiy made, prove that the land is good even in 
 localities where it was supposed to be the reverse. 
 
 Canada thus specially favoured by Providence has advanced at a firm 
 and steady pace in the march of improvement; its population which in 
 1760, amounted only to some sixty odd thousand, has in less than a cen:- 
 tury increased RS A proportionate amount of land has al$o been 
 cleared for cultivation, roads, and « ther means of communication (in some 
 
 C . ct INA: lai dy | la x? | La r£ 1 Ps Y - | " y nor 
 Ne Une quaiea in ine W orld) nave peen opened (oO PORTER and 
 
 education has kept pace with the progress of agriculture and the indus- 
 tri arts, As a natural consequence, the ro tical and civil institutions 
 have à À iccd under the fostering influence of an enlightened liberty. 
 
 Cana É hs its deficiencies, no doubt, as well as all other countries, and, 
 lis not perfection ; tite lower orders have their periods of 
 trial, but taking the things of this world at their true value, and men for 
 
 as elkewhere, al 
 
 what 2e appear to be worth here as elsewhere, there are few countries 
 where one can live better than in Canada, no matter to what part af itwe 
 may turn. 
 
 Not to trouble the reader with a mass of details on a variety of subjects, 
 and to allow every one to study that subject which interests him most, the 
 author has divided this sketch into several chapters, each under a special 
 
 
 

 
 73 
 
 es ——_—…—— a ———_—— qe gg 
 
 mt mi . = - — - ——— ner ENNER 
 og mme mr ge og me 
 
 —————— gt ms 
 
 heading and containing the information relating to some particular feature 
 of the country. Asitis in the first place especially necessary to give some 
 idea of its geography, the succeeding chapter is intended to make the 
 reader familiar with those territorial divisions, an acquaintance with which 
 is essential to a clear comprehension of the history and the other data 
 which form the subject of this work. This is succeeded by a hasty outline 
 of the history of Canada, a brief description of the geological configuration 
 of the country as far as it relates to industrial pursuits, some hints on the 
 Climate and meteorology, and on the natural productions and the benefit 
 derived from them. Trade and statistics generally are not forgotten in this 
 picture, together with the means of transport and the improvements made 
 in this branch. One chapter is specially devoted to give the reader clear 
 and correct ideas of our social and political organization. 
 
 The author is well convinced of the dificulty of comprising so much 
 valuable matter in so small a space, but it is absolutely necessary ; itisthe 
 only form in which information can be made palatable to the people; it is 
 in fact the only metho ! of reaching all classes of society. This treatise is 
 not a literary production: this will be at once perceived by the educated 
 reader ; it is a picture of things as they are, to enlighten for practical pur- 
 poses ; if it is not this, it is nothing at all. 
 
 The object is, to make Canada known to the World, for this purpose we 
 must have a book which all the world will read ; the man of education 
 Without weariness, the man of limited education Without the fear of mis- 
 understanding it; it must be a book which you can Carry in your great-coat 
 pocket, or in your travelling portfolio, to read it on board a steamboat, or 
 in à railway carriage, when the hurry of business gives you leisure ; it 
 must be at the same time a book which the artisan may carry home and 
 read at his leisure after the labors of the day. ; 
 
 The author has done his utmost to be clear and precise, and above all 
 truthful. All the information contained in fixures in the different chapters, 
 is in round numbers, but still so near the exact truth, that by the end of 
 this year, 1855, they will beexcecded in reality. The figures in the chapter 
 of statistics are the true numbers, extracted froin official documents collected 
 and published. 
 
 A small map of Canada is placed at the end of the volume : this, contain- 
 ing few details, is only intende 1 to give the reader an idea of the topogra- 
 phical configuration of the country, and of the principal great territorial 
 
 divisions. 
 
 
 

 
IE. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL DATA. 
 
 Division of Lower and Upper Can: ada, or Canada French and Canada English.—Difference 
 between the two Sections.—Territorial divisions.— Geographical descri iption of the two 
 Countries.—The Gulf and its Islands.—Labrador.—North Coast.— Gaspé.— Districts and 
 Counties.—The Saguenay.—Lake St. John.—South coast .—Quebec.—Three Rivers —Saint 
 Maurice.—The St. Francis.—The Richelieu.— Montreal. —The Ottawa.— Bytown or Ottawa 
 City.—Rapids.—-Brockville.—The Thousand Islands. —Ontario.—Kingston, River Trent, 
 —Toronto.—Lake Simcoe.-—-Hamilton. —Niagara.—Lake . Erie.—River Detroit. —Lake 
 St. Clair.—The Thames.—Lake Huron.—Fis shing and Mining Stations on Lake Superior. 
 
 
 
 Although Canada at present consists of but one single Province, it is 
 nevertheless divided into two sections widely different from one another. 
 Upper and Lower Canada, or Canada West, and Canada East. The 
 latter extends from the Gulf to the River Ottawa, on the north of the 
 St. Lawrence, and to the point of intersection of the 45th parallel with 
 the river on the south. This section enjoys all the ocean navigation of the 
 Colony, the other, Upper Canada, extending towards the west and south- 
 west includes within its limits, the navigation of the great Lakes Ontario, 
 Erie, Huron and Superior. 
 
 The area of Lower Canada is much greater than that of Upper Canada, 
 but from Lower Canada which is about six times as large as the other 
 section, must be deducted about one quarter; which, being situated along 
 the coast of Labrador and behind it, will never serve any other purposes 
 than those of the huntsman and the lumberer; all the rest is suitable for cul- 
 tivation with the exception of a few of those sterile tracts which are to be 
 met with in most countries. 
 
 Lower and Upper Canada offer as great a contrast in the manners and 
 social habits of the people, as they exhibit in their laws and geographical 
 situation. The former is chiefly inhabited by French or Franco-Canadians, 
 the latter almost exclusively by people of British origin ; in Lower Canada 
 an immense majority belong to the Catholic religion, in Upper Canada the 
 largest number belong to the different denominations of Protestants. The 
 English laws prevail exclusively in Upper Canada ; the old French Civil 
 law constitutes the sole code in Lower Canada. 
 
 The territory is divided into Districts, Counties, divisions and Unions of 
 Counties for judicial and political purposes; the Counties are again sub- 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 He !? PR PRES PE 5 RE né snsseitenntesntnsesnrsi il STATE 
 [ ) A _— - - ee om em ——.. mm — ” - _ —_——— _— - ——s eux = = "à =s ere 
 | | WA 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 divided into T'ownships in Upper, and into Parishes and Townships in 
 
 14 Lower Canada. There are thirty judicial districts in the former and seven 
 Fh in the latter; there are fifty-eight Counties in Lower Canada, forty-two in 
 
 || Upper ; these Counties have also their electoral sub-divisions, which it 18 
 not necessary to describe here, as the number of electoral colleges will be 
 duly enumerated hereaîter. 
 
 We will now enter on the plan which we propose to follow ; to make 
 the reader acquainted with a little of the geograply of the country, we 
 shall take the route wbich nature herself points out to us, by ascending the 
 stream of the Saint Lawrence, which passes through our territory as its 
 
 TRS 2. me — ds: é = 
 t 222 pars 2-7 == + à 
 2 7 de 
 . - tree LR » 
 
 main artery, and follow the northern shore of the great lakes through part 
 
 | 
 Il l of Upper Canada. 
 HUE Let us first notice the Magdalen Islands in the middle of the Gulf of 
 St. Lawrence ; the principal Islands of the group being seven in number. 
 | | They form part of the Province of Canada, and derive their importance 
 
 | from the fact of their being a good rendezvous for those engaged in the 
 4! | fisheries, who find in these waters, cod, herring, mackerel, seals and whales. 
 The Gulf of St. Lawrence from north to south, from the coast of Nova 
 Scotia, to that of Labrador, is upwards of three hundred miles in width. 
 
 At the Western extremity of the Gulf and at the mouth of the River St. 
 Lawrence. is situated about midway, the Island of Anticosti, one hundréd 
 and thirty-five miles in length, and thirty-six miles wide at its broadest 
 part, 
 
 This Island is not only a station for hunting and ps it contains also 
 some land capable of cultivation ;rat present there are but five houses on 
 it, two lofty light houses, for the benefit of navigation, two depots of pro- 
 visions in case of shipwrecks, and a basent fishing nil hunting 
 ‘4 establishment. On the north of Anticosti is the coast of Labrador, Te 
 is extremely sterile, but its rivers abound with the finest salmon and 1 
 shores are frequented by all kinds of salt water fish, which are taken in 
 great quantities at the different fishi ing stations established there. 
 
 To the south of Anticosti, on the left hand, ascending the St. Lawrence, 
 is. the distriet of Gaspé, comprising the Counties of Bonaventure: and 
 Gaspé. Here the soil is excellent ; the people of this locality are em- 
 ployed in agricultural pursuits, in the getting out of timber, and more 
 especially in cod-fishing. Only a small part of this district is settled; but 
 the population is increasing very rapidly 
 
 The north shore, on the right hand, facing the Gaspé coast, only presents 
 to notice a few hunting and fishing establishments. The land, for a certain 
 
 nd 
 
 distance, ascending the river, is scarcely fit for cultivation, being broken 
 and rocky ; it however abounds with good timber, of excellent quality— 
 well adapted for exportation. 
 
 
 
L72 
 
 The mean breadih of the St. Lawrence at this point, is about sixty 
 miles, it narrows very suddenly at the Pointe des Monts on the north 
 shore ; upon this point, which projects à considerable distance from the 
 land, a light-house is erected. 
 
 The north coast and the costs of Gaspé are watered by a great num. 
 ber of streams abounding in fish ; and which float or are capable of floating 
 large quantities of timber, of which there is a good supply ; there are also 
 on both sides, good harbours for shipping ; among which, that of the 
 Seven Islands is most remarkable. At the western extremity of Gaspé, 
 may be seen, at a distance of about twenty-four miles in the interior, the 
 Chicchack, or Notre Dame Mountains, the highest in Canada, being 
 about 4,000 feet above the level of the sea : they form part of the chain 
 of the Alleghanies, or Apalachian range. 
 
 On the south shcre, we have the County of Rimouski, then T'emiscouata, 
 
 the large populations of both of which are exclusively engaged in agri- 
 
 5° 
 cultural pursuits—x part of them, however, are occasionally employed in 
 getting out timber for the luropean market, On the north, is the new 
 County of Saguenay, the few inhabitants of which are exclusively 
 engaged in lumbering.. 
 
 On the left, is the County of Kamouraska, which, with that of l'emis- 
 couata and Rimouski, form the District of Kamouraska, included within 
 that magnificent range of settlements which lie along the shores of the 
 St. Lawrence, known and celebrated in the country as the Côte du Sud. 
 
 On the north shore, opposite Temiscouata, and forming the boundary 
 between the Counties of Saguenay and Charlevoix, isthe River SAgUENAY, 
 the great tributary of the St. Lawrence, the wild and majestie scenery 
 of which is without a parallel. From its mouth, at Tadousac, to Ha! Ha! 
 Bay, in the interior, for about fifty-four miles of its course, its average 
 breadth is a mile, and its depth one hundred fathoms. In this distance, 
 it receives the waters of several tributary rivers, and with the exception 
 of a few bays forming the mouth of these rivers, its banks are formed by 
 mountains Of fantastic outline, in some places, 1,500 feet high, their faces 
 descending almost perpendicularly to the water’s edge, and over which 
 flow slender streams of water from the table lands at their summits. 
 
 From Ha! Ha! Bay to Chicoutimi, the Saguenay scarcely varies in 
 breadth, but its depth at low water does not exceed 10 fee t,the ebb and 
 flow of the tides are perceptible as high up as the rapids, seventy-eight 
 miles from the St. Lawrence, the flood tides reaching about the height of 
 10 feet. From that point, the Saguenay receives the waters of Lake 
 Kenogami, and discharges itself from Lake St. John, by two outlets 
 formed by an island in their centre. Lake St. John, twenty-four miles 
 long, and abont the same in breadth, is the great basin of the Saguenay ; 
 
 
 
mA EN SL 
 
 PT per rare > 
 Eee ms - 
 EEE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 into it, innumerable rivers empty themselves. The lands in the vicinity 
 of the Upper Saguenay, which form the County of Chicoutimi, have been 
 rapidly settled within the last few years. Upwards of sixty sea-going 
 shi s and a large number of schouners annually ascend the Saguenay to 
 bring down the timber prepared there for the home and foreign markets. 
 
 An Indian tribe, the Montagnais, the most numerous in Canada, at 
 present inhabit the Counties of Saguenay and Chicoutimi, and bring 
 great quantities of valuable furs to the foreign market. 
 
 Returning to the St. Lawrence above the mouth of the Saguenay, we 
 have on the north shore, the Counties of Charlevoix and Montmorenci, 
 and on the south, the Counties of L’Islet, Montmagny, and Bellechasse. 
 
 The St. Lawrence, which, from the Pointe des Monts to Kamouraska, 
 varies in breadth from eighteen to thirty-six miles, does not here exceed 
 twelve miles, and its waters begin to change gradually from salt to fresh. 
 Opposite the last named Counties, and forming part of them, lies a group 
 of lovely islands, of most picturesque appearance ; they are called, Ile 
 aux Coudres, Goose Island, Crane Island, Grosse Isle, and Madame Island; 
 and lastly, the splendid [sland of Orleans, twenty-one miles long, and 
 comprehending five Parishes, which form part of the County of Mont- 
 morencl. 
 
 After passing the Island of Orleans, we enter the roadstead of Quebec, 
 within which is situated the present Capital of Canada, on the site where 
 Champlain first laid its foundation; its port is large enough to contain 
 thousands of ships, its wharves, extending 50 feet into the river; and its 
 citadel is one of the strongest in the world. Quebec is built partly on 
 the bank of the river and partly on the promontory called Cape Diamond ; 
 :1 is bounded on one side by the waters of the St. Lawrence, and by the 
 pretty River St. Charles on the other, and is situated in the midst of the 
 most lovely scenery in all America 
 
 The reader will find in another chapter, statistics relative to the different 
 tons and divisions of Canada, all of which are advancing with rapid 
 strides in the march of improvement. 
 
 On the right, to the north of the city, is the County of Quebec ; on the 
 left, on the south bank of the river, are the Counties of Levis, Dorchester 
 and Beauce, the two last being in the interior. ‘The river above Quebec, 
 becomes very contracted, varying from one mile to four in breadth : a few 
 miles higher up, it has a depth of only about 14 feet on the shoals. Leav- 
 ing Quebec, you have on your right, the County of Portneuf, and on your 
 left, the County of Lotbinière, and in the interior and in rear of Lotbinière, 
 the County of Megantic ; these three counties, with the city of Quebec, and 
 the Counties of Quebec, Montmorenci, Charlevoix, Chicoutimi, Saguenay, 
 Beauce, Dorchester, Levi, Bellechasse, Montmagny. and l'Islet, compose 
 
 yet. 
 
a amen. nn MST AT à 
 
 79 
 
 te rente 
 mn ro 
 
 
 
 ne 
 
 a — 
 the Judicial District of Quebec —the third in geographical position; 
 ascending the river. 
 
 On the banks of the St. Lawrence, are the Counties of Nicolet and 
 Yamaska ; in rear, in the interior, those of Drummond and Arthabaska ; 
 and on the north shore, the Counties of Champlain, St, Maurice. and 
 Maskinongé, which, with the town of Three Rivers, situated between the 
 Counties of St. Maurice and Champlain, at the mouth of the River St. 
 Mavrice, composes the Judicial District of Three Rivers. 
 
 The River St. Maurice, which is upwards of three hundred miles in 
 length, and which receives the waters of à large number of lakes, is of 
 very great importance on account of the vast quantities of timber growing 
 in its vicinity, the richness of the soil on its banks, and the existence of 
 mines which produce iron of excellent quality. The town of Three 
 Rivers is the centre of all the trade of the St. Maurice. 
 
 In the interior, towards the south, in rear of, and adjoining the District 
 of Three Rivers, is the District of St. Francis, consisting of the small 
 town of Sherbrooke, and the Counties of Wolfe, Compton, Sherbrooke, 
 and Stanstead. The population, though still inconsiderable, is making 
 rapid progress. 
 
 In following the course of the river, we have crossed a part of Lake St. 
 Peter, an expansion of the River St. Lawrence; its length is about twenty 
 seven miles, its breadth about nine miles ; in the upper part, there are 
 numerous Islands. Lake St. Peter receives the waters of the River St. 
 Francis, which gives its name to the District above mentioned, which it in- 
 tersects, and those of the splendid River Richelieu, which flows out of 
 Lake Champlain. These streams all swell the volume of the great St. 
 Lawrence, Lake Champlain lies almost entirely within the territory of 
 the United States ; but the whole length of the Richelieu is within Cana- 
 dian territory. 
 
 The banks of the lichelieu are the most fertile in the whole District of 
 Montreal; we have on the right, the Counties of Verchères, Chambly, St. 
 John, and Napierville: and on the left, the Counties of Richelieu, St. 
 Hyacinth, Rouville, and Iberville, which are bounded by the river, and in 
 the interior, Bagot, Sheflord, and Missisquoi, In the County of St. Hyacinth, 
 is the pretty little flourishing town of St. Hyacinth. 
 
 Returning to the St, Lawrence, at the mouth of the Richelieu, and 
 ascending the former, which we must follow to a great distance before 
 reaching the end, we have on the south shore, a second time, the Counties 
 of Vercherès and Chambly; on the right, to the north, Berthier and 
 L'Assomption, fronting on the St. Lawrence, and in rear, the Counties of 
 Joliette and Montcalm. 
 
 We have thus reached the Island of Montreal, which produces, 1mong 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 80 
 
 ce se mm es re - - ee s 
 
 a thousand other excellent articles, the best apples on the Continent of 
 America. 
 
 This island, thirty miles in length and nine in breadth, forms of itself 
 the county of that name. It contains ten Parishes, and also the fine city 
 of the same name, the most populous in all Canada, as well as the best 
 built; in fact, in this particular, it 1s inferior to no city in the new world. 
 Montreal is the principal terminus of the inland navigation, and:the 
 emporium of trade with the United States. 
 
 To the north of the Island of Montreal, is Isle Jesus, divided from it by 
 the River Ottawa ; itis about twenty-four miles in length, and contains 
 four Parishes, which, with the adjacent islands, compose the County of 
 Laval. 
 
 Isle Jesus is separated from the north shore by a branch of the Ottawa, 
 which bears the name of Rivière du Nord; on the main land, along the 
 shores of this river, lie the Counties of Terrebonne and T wo Mountains. 
 On the south shore, opposite Montreal, are the Counties of Laprairie and 
 Chateauguay. 
 
 At the extremity of the Island of Montreal, at the junction of the hlack 
 waters of the Ottawa, or Grand River, with the clear stream of the St. 
 Lawrence, the two rivers form expansions, the expansion of the St. Law- 
 rence being called Lake St. Louis, and that of the Ottawa being known 
 as Lake of the Two Mountains; these two lakes are divided from one 
 another by Isle Perrot and the end of the Island of Montreal. Lake St. 
 Louis is entered by the Rapids of Caughnawaga, or St. Louis, the descent 
 of which, in a steamer, which is now effected without the slightest danger, 
 is well calculated to give satisfaction to those who are fond of that kind of 
 excitement. 
 
 Let us now follow to the westward, the course of the River Ottawa which 
 flows out of the Lake or Lakes Temiscamang at upwards of three hundred 
 miles from its mouth. 
 
 On the north shore is the: County of Argenteuil, and on the left to the 
 south, the County of Vaudreuil. From this point the Ottawa forms the 
 boundary between Upper and Lower Canada; ascending the River, on the 
 Lower Canada shore to the right, are the Counties of Ottawa and Pontiac, 
 which form the new District of Ottawa. On the Upper Canada shore are 
 the Counties of Prescott, Russell, Carleton and Renfrew, with Lanark in 
 the rear. 
 
 A very large proportion of the timber trade of the Province is carried on 
 in the vicinity of the Ottawa. Its principal tributaries are the Rivers au 
 Lièvre, the Gatineau, the Rideau and River au Moine, about seventy-five 
 miles from the mouth of the Ottawa ; at the foot of the Chaudière Falls, on 
 the Upper Canada shore, is Bytown now called the City of Ottawa. By- 
 
 
 
 
 
, RE 
 
 EE ———_._—_.__ es 
 — mm, ns 
 = 
 Tr nn es 
 mr nn 
 ———— een, 
 
 town stands in a fine situation on a height which, in the form of an amphi- 
 theatre, commands the bay forming its harbor. | 
 Although this Town is built on the Western shore, it is the general mart 
 for the trade on both sides of the Grand River, the population is half 
 French, half English ; a handsome iron suspension bridge spans the River 
 
 
 
 at this point. This t'ibutary of the St. Lawrence presents a scries of mag- 
 nificent views from its mouth to its source ; although navigable throughout 
 much of its length, the course of this splendid river is, in many places inter- 
 rupted by rapids, the principal of which are at Carillon, the Chaudière, 
 the Chats aud the Allumettes. Steamers of a large class ascend and de- 
 scend reaches of the River ; smaller ones go the entire length by means of 
 locks ; and rafts of timber either shoot the rapids, or avoid them by pass- 
 ing over slides constructed for the purpose. 
 
 Lo return to the St. Lawrence, on the left hand lie the Counties of Beau- 
 harnois and Huntingdon, and on the left the County of Soulanges ; these 
 are the last Counties of Lower Canada on the River and in the District of 
 Montreal. This District, which is one of the least extensive of Lower Can- 
 ada, is, however, one of the most populous and consequently the richest. 
 
 At the end of Lake St. Louis towards the west, are the rapids called the 
 Cascades and the Cedars, beyond which the River widens again to about 
 four miles, thus forming Lake St. Francis. 
 
 From the end of this Lake at St. Regis, at the intersection of the 45th 
 parallel, Canada lies wholly on the north shore of the St. Lawrence and of 
 the great lakes ; the south shore belongs to the United States, but the 
 waters are common to both countries. 
 
 Following the same course we reach the County of Glengarry, the first in 
 Upper Canada on the St. Lawrence, chiefly inhabited by Scotch Highland- 
 ers. From this point the reader will perceive by the change in the names 
 of places, that we have left Lower Canada ; the emigrants from the British 
 fsles have a respect for the traditions of their country, consequently 
 the names of their Counties and Districts are the same as those of well 
 known localities in Old England, Ireland and Scotland, or they are named 
 after men who have added lustre to the British name, or have figured in 
 the page of history since the conquest of Canada. One County only re- 
 tains its French name, that of Frontenac. Following the example of 
 Lower Canada, many of the primitive names given by the Indians to the 
 townships and rivers have been preserved. 
 
 After Glengarry come the Counties of Stormont and Dundas, which for- 
 merly constituted the Eastern District. In Stormont is the little Town of 
 Cornwall at the foot of a rapid called the Long Sault. 
 
 After passing the Rapids called the Gallops, we arrive at the Counties 
 
 F 
 
 
 
© ESS nn € 
 {  — EEE 
 
 = # 
 
 
 
 
 RER 
 
 82 
 
 Fret 
 
 ‘ PES LE RES CE TERRE RENE DRE PE 
 
 _ Rae JS : 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 ! 
 
 of Grenville and Leeds and the pretty Town of Brockville, prettily situated 
 on à rising ground. | 
 We now reach the Thousand Islands, one of the most picturesque scenes 
 ; | 
 
 { ii! in the whole of our splendid River. The name indicates a shoal of small 
 il Islands, strewed about in inextricable confusion ; they are of all sizes, from 
 14 that of a bark canoe upwards : some are merely a bare rock, others are 
 | covered with verdure ; some are level with the water, others present to the 
 
 1: 
 
 spectator fine bold shores of scarped rock; no two are alke, each has 1ts 
 
 ERSMNSEES TES 
 
 l 4 peculiar beauty. 
 n We reach Lake Ontario, one hundred and eighty miles long, forty-eight 
 wide, a hundred fathoms deep and its level two hundred and thirty five 
 feet above that of the ocean. 
 
 Next comes Kingston, the second fortified place in Canada, the third 
 
 ele — — à 
 
 tenac, Lennox and Addi 
 
 fl if The north shore of 
 
 F. Edward. on a peninsula bounded by Lake Ontario and the Bay of Quinté, 
 | ) à À Ÿ 
 
 dington. 
 
 | 
 [æ, 
 
 town in importance In Canada West, situated near the Counties of Eron- 
 ddi 
 f Lake Ontario next presents to us the County of Prince 
 1 
 
 At the upper extremity of this Bay lies the County of Hastings and ‘the 
 | Town of Belleville. These two Counties are inhabited principally by the 
 
 £ AT NS UN OT ei Qi UP NS) fr Re à 
 descendants of New England colonists, who refused to take part in the 
 
 revolution of America, and who by their fidelity to the British Government 
 earned the name of United Empire Loyalists. It is into the Bay of Quinté 
 that the Trent empties itself, a river of some importance from the extent of 
 its timber trade, and the high state of cultivation of the neighboring 
 County. 
 
 Next in succession, on the Lake shore, are the Counties of Northumber- 
 
 16 
 4 land and Durham, and the little towns of Cobourg and Port Hope. In 
 
 rear of these are the Counties of Peterborough and Victoria, with the small 
 Town of Peterborough. In this neighbourhood the country 1s intersected 
 by fine Lakes, on which the steamboat’s whistle is already heard; then 
 Hollow the Counties of Ontario, York and Peel, of which the City of 
 Toronto forms the centre. Toronto is the first City of Upper, and the 
 third of United Canada, it is favourably situated in a bay which forms its 
 harbour. 
 
 This City is built in the modern American fashion, with very wide 
 streets crossing each other at right angles : it is the centre of a very 
 considerable trade. 
 
 À: In rear is Lake Simcoe, thirty miles in length by fifteen in breadth : 
 this empties itself into Lake Huron by the River Severn. It gives its 
 name to the County of Simcoe, which encloses a part of its waters and is 
 about the highest land in the country, being about 700 feet above the sea. 
 
 At the upper end of Lake Ontario are the Counties of Halton and 
 
 RL 
 
 
 
‘ . ” : dis + + o +7 : se : 
 ns M  … 
 ES) ne names _— pme = 
 
 ee à 
 
 83 
 
 Wentworth, the city of Hamilton and the County of Brant. Hamilton 
 lies in Son Bay, at the head of the navigation of Lake Ontario, its 
 site is picturesque and well chosen for commercial purposes; like the 
 neighboring Town of Brantford it is incre asin® at a rapid rate. dE 
 is the second city of Upper Canada, in importance and population. 
 
 In the interior to the West are the Counties of W ellington, Waterloo, and 
 Perth. There is, in this part of the country, a considerable D Of 
 Germans. The chief place is the little Town of Berlin in the centre of 
 
 what they call ‘ Little Germany.” 
 
 From Burlington Bay, as far as the River Niagara, Ma is the boun- 
 dary of this part of the Province, the south shore of Lake Ontario be- 
 
 longs to Canada; to the eastward, in this ru are situated the 
 County of Lincoln, and the small Town of Niagara, the latter at the mouth 
 of theriver. This river which unites Lakes Ontario and Erie, is properly 
 speaking only the continuation of the St. Lawrence: it is at about the 
 middle of its length that the Niagara Falls, of which the whole world has 
 heard, are situated. Fortunately it is not my province to describe this 
 great wonder of nature; who in fact could attempt to give a correct idea 
 of the Falls of Niagara ? 
 
 On entering Lake Erie, the first Counties which present themselves to our 
 notice are Welland and Haldimand. Lake trie is about two hundred 
 and forty miles long by fifty four in breadth, its depth is not more than 
 eighteen fathoms, and its elevation above the level of the sea five hundred 
 and sixty four feet. 
 
 The County of Norfolk, next in succession, was formerly the Talbot 
 District named after Colonel Talbot, the first settler in this County, well 
 known in Upper Canada, for his success in colonization. We have next 
 the Counties of Élgin and Middlesex :- the latter having the rising Town of 
 London for its Capital. 
 
 In the interior is the County of Oxford, and on the shore, Kent, Essex 
 and Lambton, on the river Detroit; at the head of the navigation of the 
 river Thames is the thriving little Town of Chatham. 
 
 The river Detroit forms the Junction of Lakes Erie and Huron : like the 
 Niagara it is only a part of the St Lawrence : at about its mide 
 
 il 
 out, and forms Lake St. Clair, 24 miles in le noth by the same breadth. 
 
 le 1t widens 
 Having entered Lake Huron, and coasting along its Eastern shore, we 
 
 find the Counties of Huron, Bruce and Grey,—the last in U pper Canada. ÿ 
 The length of Lake Huron, is two hundred and forty miles by a breadth 
 
 of about ninety. Its shape is very irregular, its depth about seventy-five 
 
 fathoms, and its elevation above the sea 595 feet. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 = em 
 
 
 
 EE 
 
 84 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — — = —— 
 L Here end the Canadian settlements, with the exception of some fishing 
 posts on Lakes Huron and Superior, and some small companies of settlers, 
 
 established in localities favourable to the drawing of timber or the working 
 
 14 of copper mities. I do not enumerate among these the scattered remains 
 
 L À | . LI L_ e 
 
 1 of those wandering tribes who inhabit the extreme end of Upper Canada ; 
 NE these nations are fast disappearing from the Country, except the Montagnais 
 14 | in Lower Canada, in the Saguenay territory, of whom it is said, that the 
 
 pure and gentle manners introduced by the missionaries have saved them 
 
 from the vices and misery which are exterminating their brethren. 
 
 
 
ITT. 
 
 À FEW WORDS ON THE PRINCIPAL PERIODS IN THE HISTORY 
 OF CANADA. 
 Discovery of Canada by Jacques Cartier. — De Roberval.— Champlain founds Quebec. 
 
 Quebec taken by the énglish.—Canada re-taken by the French.—Montreal founded.—Colbert’s 
 scheme for colonising New France. Civil Government of the Colony. —Ecclesiastical adminis- 
 
 
 
 tration.—Education.— War between the colonies, Bravery of the Colonists.—Siege of Que- 
 
 bec.—De Frontenac.—D’Henille.—State of New France in 1721.—Quebec in 1755. Successes 
 Ù 
 
 and :reverses.—Defeat of Montealm.— Victory gained by De Levis.—Capitulation and treaty 
 
 of cession in 1761.—Struggles between the French colonists and English Emigrants.—Civil 
 
 Government of 1774.— American War of Independence.—Constitution of the year 1791.—War 
 0f 1812.—Insurrection of 1837.— Present Government. 
 
 The reader musc not expect more in this short chapter, than a few hasty 
 remarks on the principal features of the political existence of this Important 
 country. 
 
 Canada was discovered by Jacques Cartier, in 1534: he made three 
 voyages thither in succession, passed the winter in Quebec, and explored 
 the river from the Gulf to Montreal. Quebec and Montreal were then as 
 now, the great centres of population ofthe aborigines ; the former was called 
 Stadacona, the latter Hochelaga, 
 
 The first Governor of Canada, M. de Roberval, perished with the wholë 
 of his suite on his second voyage. This terrible catastrophe contributed 
 not a little to retard the progress of the colony. 
 
 From 1534 to 1608, the date of the foundation of Quebec by Champlain, 
 then Governor of Canada, history records nothing of interest beyond the 
 organization of companies in France, voyages, discoveries and wars with 
 the American Indians. The disturbed state of politics in Europe caused 
 the care of managing the colonization of Canada to devolve almost entirely 
 on private individuals, who unfortunately devoted their energies rather to 
 driving a good trade in furs with the Indians, than to the promotion of 
 agricultural industry in the colony. But dating from tke foundation of 
 Quebec, and thanks to the zeal of M. de Champlain, the idea was formed 
 Of making settlements, and of inducing the Indian nations (cither by 
 force or treaty) to ally themselves with France. In 1629 the success of the 
 Colony was again retarded by the taking of Quebec, by the English Admiral 
 Kirk, but in 1632 Canada was restored to France. 
 
 
 
EX: TELE … 
 _ & i 
 nr santé An à 
 
 ME 
 
 
 
 86 
 
 Montreal was founded in 1641, and made strong enough to resist the 
 invasions of the Iroquois, who were always ready to harass the French and 
 their Indian allies. 
 
 Old France had done but little for its colony in 1663, but under the 
 administration of the great Colbert, plans of colonisation were formed. Àt 
 this period the French population of Canada amounted to no more than 
 two thousand inhabitants, irregularly scattered in Tadoussac, Quebec, Three 
 Rivers, Montreal, and a few other posts. 
 
 Till then all political authority in the colony, both civil and judicial had 
 been vested exclusively in the Governor. At that time however, a more 
 regular and effective system of Government was established, by separating 
 the Executive from the Legislative authority. 
 
 The earliest constitution of Canada established a supreme Council, several 
 ttibunals with limited powers, and the Couttme de Paris as the legal Code. 
 
 À functionary, styled an 6 [ntendant” Was appointed, who combined 
 the offices of Minister of Justice, of Finance, of Police, and of Public 
 Works. Grants of land continued to be made, as at former periods, in the 
 
 ÿ # © F 4 : LA . 1 + av D * 4:: inn« re la > ] fc. : : vY : 
 
 form of fiefs and seigniories, under conditions regulated from time to time, 
 by Roval edict of the King of France. Questions of 
 «/ v - 
 
 Si 
 : 
 
 feudal law becoming 
 
 ” 
 
 p +1 : uroro Aari art PE { ñe 1 rhp<€ € } (x TOY * < 
 matters of litigation were aeclaea y the qdecrees 01 tne governors and 
 
 fr 
 
 intendants. 
 The Ecclesiastical Government of the country was at first administered 
 } 
 
 by vicars apostolic, then by bishops, the first of whom was Monseigneur dé 
 
 Laval. Schools and colleges were instituted by the zeal of these bishops. 
 New discoveries were continually made, the success of which was greatly 
 advanced by the activity of the missionaries, and the country rapidly im- 
 proved. 
 
 In 1689 war broke out between the French and English colonies, which 
 was marked by the usual variations of success of the opposing parties. In 
 saying that war broke out between the colonies, [ allude to the neglected 
 state of New France, left to its own resources 10 stand or fall The 
 English Admiral, Phipps, came with a fleet to lay siege to Quebec, but 
 was repulsed. Thanks to the good government of Count de Frontenac, 
 New France was so successful in arms that she determined to assume the 
 offensive against the English colonies, and acted with such energy that 
 D'Iberville, the Canadian Cid, after several successful battles by land and 
 sea, took possession of Newfoundland and its capital, St. John's, Ut 
 reduced the forts in Hudson's Bay. 
 
 At length, in 1697, peace was concluded with England, and was suc- 
 
 ceeded in 1701 by a treaty of alliance with all the Indian nations in 
 
 
 
PE | 
 
 87 
 
 nnsésmmmeermmmmanage —— sa — a D Es 
 
 Canada. A new war was succeeded by à new treaty, by which France 
 ceded to England Nova Scotia, New oundland, and Hudson’s Bay. 
 
 In 1721 New France reckoned a population of twenty-five thousand 
 souls, owners of sixty-four thousand arpents of cultivated land, yielding a 
 very considerable produce, It contained several educational establish- 
 ments, and a fair amount of trade was carried on. 
 
 In the course of the hostilities which took place in 1754, Washington 
 was defeated at Fort Necessity by M. de Villia 
 
 On the declaration of war in à 1755 D, England b had determined on the con- 
 quest of Canada, and France, caring little for her colony, entrusted its 
 protection to the heroïsm of the inhabitants, aided by a few soldiers. The 
 beginning ren campaign was favorable to the Canadians, who defeated 
 Braddock at Monon gahela, and took the forts of Oswego and William 
 Henry, es they destroyed. In 1758, however, England raised her 
 colonial army to fifty thousand men. The English General, Abercromby, 
 lost the battle of Carillon, but the English army were successful in their 
 enterprises in the Gulf. 
 
 In 1759 General Amherst attacked the interior of Canada, while Wolfe 
 with a flect came before Quebec, and landed his troops on the Island of 
 Orleans; having scaled the heïghts of Abraham, he offered battle on the 
 plains near Quebec ; the victory was gained by the English, both Generals 
 
 7 
 
 were killed, and Quebec was obliged to capitulate, The Chevalier de 
 loss, though he subsequentl 
 7 
 
 Levis was unable to retrieve this ! tly defeated 
 
 e 
 
 the same troops on the Heights of St. Foy. The fate of the colon ÿY Was 
 decided ; having lost the support of its stronghold, and at sn on all 
 sides, it was compelled to surrender; thus, by the capitulation of 1761, 
 New France ceased to form a part of the French Empire, and. became a 
 dependency of the English crown. The capitulation secured to the twenty 
 thousand colonists the free exercise of their religion, the maintenance of 
 their ancient laws, and the preservation of all their institutions, social, 
 religious, and educational. 
 
 From 1761 to 1774 the history of the colony is filled with recitals of the 
 contests between the old French colonists and the new settlers of British 
 origin, the latter being nearly always sustained by the despotic government 
 of that period. 
 
 In 1774 a sort of constitution known as the ‘ Quebec Act, was framed 
 im England ; by it a supreme Council was created, the old French laws 
 were re-established, and an equality of civil rights secured to both Catholic 
 and Protestant, by dispensmg with the oath administered to public officers, 
 which up to this date had prevented Catholics from holding any office. 
 
 The American war of Independence had some influence in Canada, the 
 
 
 
= 
 
 RE EE Gria ; 
 EE 
 
 nt 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 OS 
 
 ET 
 
 
 
 60 GS © 24 2 = Tr ire die Guee 
 
 88 
 
 EE le US ne 
 
 
 
 
 
 Colony was invaded, but remained faithful to its allegiance and opposed 
 and repulsed the enemy. 
 
 In 1791, was granted that constitution which established freedom of 
 election and responsibility to the people, it was received with enthusiasm 
 by the population of Canada. All appointments to places of honor and 
 profit were under the patronage of the Crown ; the people elected their 
 house of Representatives, and the King appointed the members of the 
 Legislative Council ; all laws before coming into force, required the as- 
 sent {of the three branches of the Government. An Executive Council 
 formed at the same time a Court of Appeals, but the nomination to office 
 and maintenance in it, in this body, depended entirely on the Crown. 
 
 In 1812, the war between the United States, and the mother country, 
 gave the militia of Upper Canada an opportunity of displaying their 
 courage, and, with some trifling exceptions they were generally successful, 
 so that the enemy was finally repulsed after a contest of three years. 
 
 The continual differences between the Colonists and the authorities, which 
 succeeded the war, resulted in 1887 in an insurrection, and a partial riSin® 
 in both provinces. This movement was subdued and for some time Lower 
 Canada was plased under martial law, and afterwards governed by the 
 deciees of a Special Council. 
 
 In 1840 the constitution which now regulates the affairs of the province, 
 was”granted, by Great Britain ; this constitution will be treated of in the 
 chapter specially dedicated to a description of the political and social in- 
 stitutions of the country. 
 
 The constitutional Government which Canada now enjoys, on the model 
 of that ofthe mother country, is administered, as in England, in turns by dif- 
 ferent parties, who assume the reins of Government and conduct its affairs, 
 and again In their turn pass into opposition. The most remarkable feature 
 in the history of Canada, from 1840 to 1855, is the vast amount of 
 public works, undertaken and completed either wholly or in part, and of 
 which some more extensive notice will be taken hereafter. 
 
 The colony appears to be animated by a most excellent public spirit, 
 which laying aside the petty interests of party devotes itself to the general 
 welfare, pointing out to the different classes of society how much nature 
 has done for the country, and what is required to accelerate its progress 
 towards the greatness which awaits it. 
 
en ei Re RL CL 
 
 IV. 
 
 PHYSICAL ASPECT OF CANADA, AND REMARKS ON ITS 
 GEOLOGY AND METEREOLOGY. 
 
 Surface of the Country.—Form and character of the Mountains.—Limits of the valley of the 
 St. Lawrence.—Chain of the Laurentides and Appalachian or Alleghany Mountains.— 
 Features of the Country-—Courses of the Rivers.—-Level of the Valley of the St. Law- 
 rence: North and South Shore-—Principal geological characteristies.—Climate.—Com- 
 parative temperature.—Canadian Winters.— Meterological observations, 
 
 Although the surface of the country is in general very uneven, there 
 are no very great mountains ; none of them exceed 5000 feet in height, and 
 nowhere do they assume the appearance of crags or peaks, their well- 
 rounded summits being always covered with full-grown trees; and if by 
 chance the naked rock exhibits itself like a wall on the borders of rivers, 
 it is always crowned by a sort of tabie land, on which the largest trees are 
 found to flourish. 
 
 Two chains of mountains, which form together what is called the height 
 of land, and which have a general direction from the north east towards the 
 south west, inclose the valley of the St. Lawrence on both sides, and in the 
 north divide the waters ofthe tributaries of the St. Lawrence from those 
 of Hudson’s Bay. The first of these chains is called the Laurentides. In 
 the south, the height of land formed by the Alleghany or Appalachian 
 range separates the waters of the St. Lawrence from those which flow by 
 the river Ristigouche, into the the Bay of Chaleurs, by the river St. John, 
 into the Bay of Fundy, and by the Penobscot, the Hudson and others 
 directly tothe Atlantic Ocean. From the height of land, the ground 
 slopes downwards to the bed of the river at a less inclination in proportion 
 as it approaches the west, for the valley of the St. Lawrence has a gradual 
 ascent as it penetrates into the interior, but the ‘centre of the valley 
 rises more than the sites, so that on reaching the flat country in the 
 interior the rivers cross one another and form a net work, those which 
 flow towards the ocean receiving their waters from the neighborhood of the 
 lakes, and those which empty themselves into the lakes draining the coun- 
 try far to the south. | 
 
 The mean height of the bottom of the ravines in the chain of the Alle- 
 ghanies, in the ‘üterior of the District of Gaspé is about on the same level 
 
 
 
er PE A Se 
 
 90 
 
 RE gd. ci SE 
 RS 
 —— 
 
 as the waters of Lakes Huron and Michigan, and the summits ofthe Appa- 
 lachians, in the neighborhcod of Lake Erie, in the States of New York 
 
 and Pennsylvania, are about the same height above the level of the sea, 
 ki as the tops of the Alleghanies, in the District of Gaspé, Quebec and the 
 |. State of Vermont ; but in the west, the beds of the great lakes are on much 
 higher levels than that of the Gulf, and the river St. Lawrence in the Dis- 
 trict of Gaspé and Kamouraska. There is a difference of only two hun- 
 dred and thirty-five feet between the level ofthe waters of the Gulf and of 
 those of Lake Ontario, in a distance of seven hundred and fifty miles, and 
 the depth of Lake Ontario, is a hundred fathoms. There is a difference of 
 level between Lakes Ontario and Erie of three hundred and twenty-nine 
 feet, though they are but à few miles asunder, and the Lake Erie is 
 only one hundred and eight fect deep. Along the whole extent of 
 LAUR the St, Lawrence, the north shore is more irregular than the south. The 
 all vast number of rivers that flow into the 
 
 La 
 
 hs 
 
 = e 
 
 ne nr 
 Asa sde 27 
 
 DRE = 
 SEE 
 
 L 
 
 _— a MI PET 
 rs ot 
 
 + 
 
 | St. Lawrence through its lengthen- 
 hi | ed course, do not reach it in a uniform direction, but at a variety of angles, 
 1 nearly all however, flow from the west towards the east on the north shore, 
 
 cc 
 
 RES 1 4. 1 ‘ UE d e % : s 
 | and from the south towards the north, on the north shore, except towards 
 the great lakes into which the rivers empty themselves from all directions. 
 
 Fr . Pal . <. 
 There is a far greater amount of territory on the north than on the south 
 
 shore, and the sides of the valley of the St. Lawrence are also much more 
 extensive; it is also on the north shore that the la 
 
 réest rivers and the 
 l'er| 
 finest forests are found. 
 
 1 
 
 [I } FR À ! . vs | ég . « } = 41 , "he fi 4 js. + " +ce LL 
 The stratum on which the basis of the valley of the great river rests par- 
 Ï 
 
 a - 1 ni y ve  Æ'; + Le ” nur "y Pa FES ny dnacrlis £: van à << L | 
 | takes of the character of the primary gneiss and transition formation, which 
 
 crops out in several parts of the cou 
 
 pt 
 
 ; 
 try, the gneiss more. particularly on 
 the north shore in both sections of the Province, the transition rock on the 
 1 south shore. Ofthe different geological formations of the country which 
 are most remarkable, some are analogous with those of the states of the 
 neighboring Union. All appear anterior in their conformation, and conse- 
 quently in lower layers than the coalfields, and even lower than the Devo- 
 nian strata of transition rocks, the latter being only seen at the two ex- 
 
 Le LAVAL 2: 
 
 tremities of the country. The silurian period appears to be the pre- 
 
 dominant characteristic. 
 The kind of rocks most prevalent, to class them by a purely mineralogi- 
 cal system, are the terriferous, calcareous, the argillaceous and conglom- 
 1 erate, among which the most common are the calcareous and sand- 
 stone. Canada is rich in minerals and the reader will find a list of the 
 most important in the chapter dedicated to the natural productions of the 
 
 country. 
 
 The climate of Canada is generally very healthy, especially towards the 
 
 
 
tt à À om Pt 0 A M I ere moe jé S  e «2 
 
 91 
 
 ee ne meet - — _ 
 
 lower part of the River. No endemic disease exists in the country, 1f 
 we except the intermittent fever in some parts of Upper Canada ; this also 
 disappears as soon as the country 1s cultivated, and the few marshes in the 
 neighborhood of the great lakes become dry or united with the cities. 
 
 In so vast a tract of country there must of course be great variations In 
 the meteorological phenomena, taking as examples the climate of Quebec, 
 for the eastern end of the Province, that of Toronto for the west, and Mon- 
 treal for the centre. The temperature rises gradually going west, so as to 
 make à difference of abcut a fortnight in the advent of spring between 
 Toronto and Quebec, and the same for the beginning of winter. The 
 mean temperature in summer Is à little higher at Quebec than at Montreal, 
 and a little higher at Montreal than at Toronto. The mean temperature of 
 Quebec in winter is some degrees lower than that of Montreal, and the 
 temperature is lower Montreal than in Toronto. Thus Quebec exhi- 
 bits the greatest degree of heat in summer and of cold in winter, so that 
 in short the annual mean temperature of Quebec differs but little from 
 that of Toronto, It will be seen hereafter, what effect the climate has 
 upon the vegetable productions of the country, affecting, as has been 
 already stated, only certain tender fruit trees and shrubs. 
 
 At Quebec the temperature in summer often rises to 95° Fahrenheiït, and 
 has fallen in winter, though but rarely, to 95°. The maximum temperature 
 at Toronto during a period of ten years was 95°, but this is not common ; 
 and the minimum temperature for the same period was 18° below zero. 
 
 The mean temperature of the years 1847-8-9, at Toronto and Montreal, 
 was for Toronto 45° 30” above zero ; for Montreal 45° 45”, making a differ- 
 ence of only 15”. 
 
 We may here cursorily remark, to avoid comparative calculations, that 
 Arago estimates the mean temperature of Europe at 55° 20° Fahrenheit 
 and Dr. Craïîgie that of England at 50°, and that the mean temper- 
 ature of Canada is between that of Copenhagen (44° 18”) and Berlin 
 (46° 4”.) 
 
 The greatest meteorological variation between Upper and Lower Canada 
 consists in the following fact: That in Lower Canada the snow covers the 
 earth early in winter, and disappears in the space of a few days in spring, 
 while in Upper Canada almost universally it lies but a few weeks ; that in 
 the former its depth in the woods amounts to about three feet, while in 
 the inhabited part of the latter, it rarely exceeds a few inches. 
 
 Our winters which Europeans believe to be dreadful, are with us the 
 season of enjoyment, and many strangers after passing a winter in Canada 
 have been heard to say: “ Well! after all, your winter is delightful, and 
 
 18 not hard to bear. 
 
 
 
mi pur à 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 : , = SES < = mg = —— 
 ———_… 
 
 
 
 Our snow which frightens the new comer, makes the best roads in the 
 world, and winter is the season for the carriage of heavy articles, for pro- 
 Curing timber and fire-wood, and for pleasure excursions ; and if the winters 
 are long, and the snow deep, they have the inestimable advantage of 
 contributing to the health of the inhabitants, by destroying all miasmata, 
 and nourishing and fertilising the soil ; neither is the wonderful rapidity 
 with which the growth of vegatation proceeds, to be forgotten. 
 
 The winter air is very dry, and s0 exhilarating, that without consulting 
 a thermometer, a change of a few degrees is not perceptible, and generally 
 Speaking, those days in the winter are the least agreeable when the temper- 
 ature is too high for the season. 
 
 The principal fault of our climate is its excessive dryness in summer, 
 which however, decreases as cultivation extends, and which is less felt in 
 the Lower St. Lawrence, in the districts of Gaspé, Kamouraska, and 
 Quebec, and on the tongues of land which constitute the counties of 
 Lincoln, Welland, Essex, Kent, and Lambton, on account of their being 
 Surrounded by large masses of water. But these two extreme points of 
 the Province, have as a counterpoise to this advantage two drawbacks 
 peculiar to them ; in Lower Canada the heavy northeast winds with their 
 aCCoMpaniment of beating rain in the autumn; and in the west, cold winds 
 and muddy roads, frozen or half frozen during the greater part of the 
 winter. 
 
 The autumn usually brings over the navigable waters, heavy fogs, which 
 certainly form one of those miseries of our country, from which, however 
 highly favoured otherwise, it is not exempt. 
 
 Canada has but little to complain of in the way of meteorological pheno- 
 mena, such as devastating storms, thunder or hail; although some accidents 
 have occurred from these causes, they are so rare and 50 limited in their 
 extent that we may almost congratulate ourselves upon being exempt from 
 them on the shores of the St. Lawrence. 
 
 The rivers bounded by high banks are not subject to those inundations, 
 which in many parts of the old and new world cause from time to time such 
 serious devastations. 
 
 
 
Em tue 2 0 RS nl. "dE 
 
 , à 
 
 NATURAL PRODUCTIONS AND MANUFACTURES,. 
 
 Productions of the Mineral Kingdom, and the principal locations of their beds, building 
 stone, combustible matters, mineral colours, precious stones, stones capable of vitrification, 
 mineral fertilising substances, precious and other metals.— Productions of the Vegetable 
 Kingdom, timbers for building and other purposes, plants and fruits—Productions of 
 the Animal Kingdom, beasts, birds fishes, and cetaceous animals.— Manufacturing pro- 
 cesses, extraction of the raw material, its convertion into articles of consumption. 
 
 We now proceed to consider the principal substances of the Mineral 
 Kingdom, which are known at the present day to exist in the country, and 
 to give the names of the places in which they are found ; it is of course our 
 intention only to speak of those articles which come under the head of in- 
 dustrial produce. 
 
 Granite of good quality for building purposes is found principally in the 
 counties of Megantic, Sherbrooke, Stanstead, Shefford, and St. Hyacinth ; 
 gneiss is also found in abundance on the north shore, In different parts of 
 both Upper and Lower Canada. 
 
 Sandstone for building is also found in different parts of the Province, 
 principally near Quebec,the mouths of the Niagara in Canada West, and 
 the Ottawa in Lower Canada. 
 
 Calcareous boulders are found in all directions. Lime also exists in all 
 parts of the country, and hydraulic limestone on the shores of the Grand 
 River, in the county of Brant, near Lake Huron; it exists also in the 
 vicinity of Kingston and Bytown, ir the county of Argenteuil and at 
 Quebec. 
 
 Clays of various qualities are found over the whole face of the Province. 
 Marbles of a diversity of colours are found in many places, and serpentine, 
 particularly in the districts of Quebec and St. Francis, on the south shore 
 of the river. 
 
 The combustible substances of the Mineral kingdom are very rare ; 
 nevertheless, peat, nsptha, petroleum, and asphalt exist in certain places. 
 
 Slate of good quality abounds in the neighbourhood of the River St. 
 Francis, and in the district of Quebec. Millstones of an inferior quality 
 may be procured, but the best are to be had in the district of Gaspé. | Whet- 
 stones abound in several localities, and very good tripoli has been discover- 
 
 ed in the counties of Berthier and Montmorenci, 
 
 
 
25 
 
 
 
 Hess Eee pr on em 
 pe mu ZT = 
 
 — Re EC ot ES mA + 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 — - 
 
 94 
 
 remember ttes se —— <a - - — ee = nt es = ré tonnplee iqnt y = mr | 
 
 Earths of different colours are met with in numerous places; for instance, 
 white barytes along the north shore, from Lake Superior downwards ; 
 yellow, red, and brown ockre, in Tadousac and Montmorenci, and on the 
 borders of Lake Huron a kind of ferruginous clay, which produces a deli- 
 cate red. 
 
 Lithographic stones are procured, which, though not of the best quality, 
 may be employed to great advantage. 
 
 In the category of precious stones we can boast of agate, Jasper, hyacinths, 
 amethysts, and jet ; grains of ruby found on the borders of the Ottawa have 
 been shewn to us. 
 
 Materials for the manufacture of transparent and opaque glass are abun- 
 dant, but more especially in the counties of Beauce and Megantic; there 
 is, a great deal of white quartzose sandstone on Lake Huron, near Lake Erie, 
 and in the counties of Beauharnoiïs, Vaudreuil and Laval,—and basaltic 
 and other similar rocks on the north shore of Lake Superior, and in the 
 counties of Montreal, Vandreuil, ana Chambly. 
 
 Compact talc and pot stone are found in may places in great abundance, 
 but chiefly in the counties of Beauce and Megantic, together with plumbago ; 
 asbestus is found in Stanstead and Kamouraska. Gypsum is to be had on 
 the shores of the Grand River, near Niagara, and in the Islands in the Guif 
 at the mouth of the St. Lawrence ; phosphate of lime principally on the and 
 Upper Ottawa, and probably along all the north shore, going eastward ; and 
 calcareous marl, suitable for manure in a number of places. 
 
 The country also contains uranium, chrome, cobalt, manganese, iron 
 pyrites, dolomites, and magnesites, for all which chemistry may find uses. 
 
 Native gold exists under ground in sufficient quantities to be worked to 
 great advantage, in the county of Beauce near Quebec, on the banks of 
 the river Chaudière. Slight traces of gold in veins have been discovered 
 in the copper mines of Lake Superior and in the districts of St. Francis 
 and Quebec, where native silver is also found. Nickel and cobalt are 
 met with near Lake Huron, and traces of them are found in other places. 
 Copper exists on the shores of Lakes Huron and Superior and in the District 
 of St. Francis. Lead is found in the Ottawa and Gaspé districts. Iron 
 in its Various natural states abounds in many parts of Upper and Lower 
 Canada, but principally near the River St. Maurice in the neighbourhood 
 of the town of Three Rivers. The crystalline schists on the north shore 
 through the whole extent of the country are found to contain masses of 
 iron ore, generally of specular iron. | 
 
 We shall now proceed to inquire what are the most common and most 
 useful productions of our forests, first noticing those which exist over almost 
 the whole country; we shall then show what trees are wanting in some 
 localities, and what are exclusively peculiar to others. 
 
CCS ER Besse Mines Lois Et mie S 
 
 ——— - rm —_… _ di. À d _ FA 
 
 oniee ; re, . = 
 
 The trees which ve find almost universally in our woods, are, the oak, 
 maple, walnut, yoke-elm, elm, birch of two kinds, ash, three kinds of pine, 
 nemlock, tamarack, yellow and black spruce, the fir, cedar, poplar, aspen 
 and white birch of two varieties: all these trees attain a considerable size, 
 and grow in all parts of Canada, except on the coast of Labrador, where 
 the only trees that thrive, are the white birch, the fir, the different kinds 
 of spruces, beech and one of the varieties of pine. The trees of smaller 
 toit common to all the country are the cornel tree, willow, alder , hickory, 
 and wild cherry. In our forests are found also, gopseherties, currants, 
 strawberries, wortleberries, juniper berries, raspberries and a host of other 
 trees, shrubs, berries and plants, some of which are useful as medicines or 
 for oise these plants, among which we must not forget to mention the 
 ginseng, so famous in China, are found throughout the whole length of the 
 Province, from Gaspé to the River Detroit. 
 
 The black walnut, the chesnut, iron wood, saffron and a few others, are 
 peculiar exclusively to the peninsula at re western extremity of Upper 
 Canada. The oak is more abundant and of better quality in Upper 
 than in Lower Canada. The same remark ap ts to the elm, but all other 
 woods attain a greater perfection in Lower Cana 
 
 There is one wood in particular of great value in ship-building, and 
 which from its strength and durability is beginning to be held in high 
 estimation in the foreign markets, it is called Red Spruce, or Tamarack. 
 This wood appears to possess within itself, all the requirements of ship- 
 timber. The smallest of the forest trees above mentioned attain a heigbt 
 of seventy feet, and a diameter of two feet at their full growth. We have 
 
 | 
 
 pines of one hundred and fifty feet in height by six feet in diameter, which 
 serve for lower masts in one single piece for ships of two dt A 
 Our black walnut, bird’s-eye and curled maple, and our waved red beech, 
 are splendid woods for cabinet ware and marquelerie. 
 
 Canada has sent to the Paris Exhibition of 1855, specimens of all the 
 productions above enumerated ; just as they are got out in abundance 
 for commercial purposes. 
 
 As a matter of course. all varieties of grain and vegetables are cultivated, 
 and arrive at great patpns throughout the whole province ; the same 
 may be said of tobacco, heimp, flax, and hops, as well as apples, plums, 
 cherries and many other fruits. The best apples on the whole continent are 
 those grown at Montreal, here also are produced the best pears and melons ; 
 owing to the great care bestowed on their cultivation ; the best plums, and 
 best cherries (called French) come from the Quebec district, where other 
 fruits only come to perfection when sheltered by thick trees against the 
 north east winds of autumn, (Grapes are produced with some success at 
 
 ae oo ME Se <<. 
 
 
 
D 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 = : = RE = M _ = me me — tt 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Montreal, but peaches attain perfection only west of Toronto, and more 
 particularly near the river Niagara. 
 
 The wild animals found in Canada are the moose deer, (a kind of elk ;) 
 Caribou, (great rein-deer,) the buck, the black and red bear, the lynx or stag- 
 wolf, the wild cat, martin, mink, common wolf fox, the carcajo or kinka- 
 jou, the martin, an animal which belongs to the family of small bears, the 
 beaver, the otter, muskrat, marmot, the polecat, the skunk, the hare, which 
 abounds in Lower Canada, and a great variety of squirrels. I have here 
 only mentioned those species of animals which are most numerous and 
 which are found in all our forests, with this exception, that the moose 1s 
 not found on the coast of Labrador, rarely crossing to the east of the 
 Saguenay or to the west of the Ottawa, and never passing higher than the 
 Richelieu on the south-west, which shews it to be an animal peculiar to 
 Lower Canada; again, the skunk is found in the west where the moose is 
 not seen. The wolf is very scarce below Quebec, but foxes are numerous 
 
 and very large ; on the north coast of Labrador and in the Saguenay terri- 
 tory.black and silver foxes are common ; the price of their skins is perfectly 
 fabulous, a single black fox skin, having been known to fetch as high as 
 £24, sterling. 
 
 Our birds comprise every variety of ducks, wild geese; both salt and 
 
 fresh water divers, the wild turkey of Upper Canada, the partridge, which 
 
 abounds every where, but chiefly in Lower Canada, quail, woodcock, 
 snipe, cranes and herons, plover of all kinds both large and small, birds of 
 
 ev. such as eagles, hawks, and others, screech-owls. ortolans., the thrush, 
 prey, c 
 
 the woodpecker, the titmouse, and many others, some remarkable for the 
 beauty of their plumage, others for their melody ; among the latter the 
 humming bird, and the nightingale, which arrive pretty early in the 
 spring 
 
 The fish which are the most plentiful in our lakes and rivers are the 
 salmon-trout, the common trout, maskinonge, fouradi, white fish which 
 are of great variety, the pike, perch, and a host of others: the sturgeon 
 which attains a length of several feet, frequents some parts of the river. 
 Great quantities of fish are taken in the Western Lakes, but they are 
 trifliing compared with the fisheries of the Gulf and Lower St. Lawrence, 
 where cod, mackerel, herring, pilchard, sea-trout, eel, salmon, and 
 many other species of” fish abound in such quantities as to attract many 
 fishermen from the United States. 
 
 Every year, fish to a large amount is caught on these stations, without 
 taking into account the profits derived from the porpoise, seal, and whale 
 fisheries; owners of fishing vessels have made enormous fortunes by 
 pursuing this braneh of industry. 
 
_—… 
 
 = 
 
 + 
 
 -* 
 
 
 
 Q ” 
 +— 4 
 
 . — 
 
 > + 
 ne 
 
 EI … 
 [ae 
 
 + 
 —_ = 
 
 = = 
 
 . — 
 
 — « : 
 «A 
 
 . ru 
 id —< 
 . 
 
 / re 
 " L4 
 
 « + 
 q—æ _— 
 A = 
 " Ld 
 per 
 r 
 
 . » 
 bus . 
 . on 
 , . + 
 | . 
 : +4 
 bu à 
 . ee é 
 à " 
 _— L 
 ve . 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 " : " _ a 
 0) © 2 © & 
 [ 1 CS an pq 
 d—s " L 
 + pad e+- Qu a e 
 me en 7 ph 
 = 4. > +— 
 - . 
 . : ds 
 
 « | = + 
 - + sd " 
 à 4 g= A 
 # 1 ee [en 
 " —— — pat 1 + 
 … ” — 
 
 — + » : 
 1.1 [qR . À 
 + + ” [a 
 + _ _ : an 
 CN » 
 + 7 
 . en 
 4 pd : ù 
 
 ‘ LH © « « 
 = L4 ) 
 .  — ù + 
 . » > — 
 ét ep - mn. 
 
 & } v— « / 
 +—« . 
 
 - ” … « . 
 pu —. L. D S 
 +. es «à ” s 
 en - CC e- 
 
 « 
 s : : a * 
 
 _—. = 
 
 L : \ 
 ve | « 
 vi i ” M 
 L . r 
 . x " 
 ” + … . 
 ohms me À mi 
 ee + 
 + : bu 
 CE ” . 
 : 
 è l Q 
 
 | à - + ent s 
 bu - 1 Fr 
 " « 
 
 Q = ue) , : 
 r — de / 
 ÿ + > } . + 
 , 
 . " 
 » d” L 
 - ” 1 
 ‘ / pr 
 ss + 1] 
 e 4 D rp« 
 d . A LL 
 » 
 ( « D © 
 : 
 . . 2 
 Ed" ne . 
 : : r. 
 + - — 
 . bent - nd PP 
 el + dé : > 
 = ” , RL 
 + 
 - t - 4 
 œ— ‘ \ 
 / n : 
 , Cr … 
 — + pe ee, 
 ! - al … : 
 vu : . 
 — ”° 
 , , 
 + . 1 
 "4 . — 
 ns ” ps 
 ( ee, æ- 
 > 
 + PI e and sr 
 : 
 h > Lu 
 + —4 . 
 r— — 
 : = . - 
 
 ” — aul e - 
 dent . Ÿ n . —« 
 t— _ per 
 
 — +) = 
 
 .— * ( 
 
 * Lu + » # 
 lt =, pe hu / 
 — _ w 
 PN - « =” 
 
 PAL: Le +— LL 
 
 
 
 + 
 / "| 
 " +. + 
 | 4 + 
 Pt 
 
 
 
 + 
  — 
 Le 
 . L 
 est L: 
 Le | 
 + 
 + 
 Lu > 
 ot de 
 v nt 
 = | en: 
 l'an 4 
 > «+ : 
 ” 
 — 
 2 
 é = 
 : «4 
 — 
 ” 
 L 1 
 ” 
 . 
 ” 
 « 
 4 
 — . 
 ” 
 — 
 : + 
 v «+ 
 « PA 
 . ” 
 : 
 . - 
 Ps 
 pt 
 + 
 
 
 
 ! . 
 ” 1 
 . 
 - … / 
 = 
 / 
 
 
 
 , 
 N 
 L 
 : 
 L 
 : = 
 / hn 
 | 
 & 
 e— 
 re = 
 / = | 
 > «4 
 , Le 
 o ed 
 « + 
 ++ 
 _« se 
 
 . —«{ 
 
 os 
 .— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,— _ 
 Le »— $ 
 : © — 
 + ” L 
 : CE 
 Le : _ 
 Lu : > 
 : r… 
 + " 
 \V » 
 2 L 
 \ x 
 : < . 
 ” " DLS 
 , + « é 
 A he 
 i . 
 : \ 
 1) 
 Lé Le bus 
 « : LA 
 ” 
 S N ”"« 
 … % 1) 
 + “ se 
 « > 
 + Le 
 + La 
 " et 
 - rs _ 
 
 + 2 + 
 . : » 
 nn 
 + + 
 n 
 LE : , 
 ..— et 
 1 ee pr 
 L 
 " e 
 > 1) 
 2 Q 
 4. 
 : 
 \ " + 
 4 ” ” 
 ‘ + + 
 = D 
 Le 
 ” 6 . 
 , & 
 . -—— 
 À 4 
 Fr . … bé 
 « 
 bomet ” 
 ; } 
 «+ D 
 4 ‘ 
 : 2? + 
 ns ot 
 ” : 
 hr 
 D. dut > ? 
 a L : 
 + + 
 : ; 
 : … 
 r « 
 » 
 
 " 
 . ” 
 e | 
 hf Lette | 
 ” ! 
 [En 2 
 > = : 
 y 
 7” ” e 
 — _ b— 
 nd fi 
 Mn ! LÀ 
 Ce #1, 
 En . 
 LA 
 E pa 
 N | 
 
 
 
 + 
 
 >. 
 
 
 
 
 
ss Fe — = DE | = 
 
 98 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 form almost 
 the only articles which we export in their raw state, the other exports being 
 
 similar to the productions of England and the north of France, 
 comparatively trifling. Our woods supply gums for the preparation of 
 varnishes, and for certain chemicals, among them are the fir gum, the 
 œum, or Canada balsam. 
 
 Le 
 
 spruce gum, and the pine 
 
 The natural productions which Canadian industry employs for conversion 
 into articles of utility, or to adapt for useful purposes, will be enumerated 
 in my future observations on our manufacturing establishments. There 
 are in Canada in all directions, foundries for the manufacture of all such 
 articles as are usually produced in similar establishments, from the largest 
 parts of steam engines to the smallest cooking utensils. The manu- 
 facture of clay into bricks and other articles of pottery 13 also carried on 
 very extensively. Some of our producers have furnished considerable 
 quantities of excellent slate, but still, the supply of all these articles is far 
 from equalling the consumption, 
 
 The manufacturing industry of Canada, employs a part of our timber in 
 ship-building, and in this respect Quebec is one of the greatest shipbuilding 
 ports in the world. I may be excused a little national pride, when I 
 state the fact, that a ship of 1,600 tons, the Boomerang, built at Quebec 
 by Mr. Theophile St. Jean, made the shortest passage on record, from 
 England to Australia, having beaten the Marco Polo, a rival ship, by 
 seven days; at the same time landing her cargo in perfect order, notwith- 
 standing the high rate of saïling. Our manufactories of furniture, carriages 
 and implements, in which wood forms the chief material, exempt us from the 
 necessity of sending abroad for supplies for our home consumption, 
 speaking of course in general terms, without noticing more than the most 
 remarkable features, and avoiding all such details as are only to be found 
 in tables of statistics. TI have here to add to the list of manufactures from 
 the products of our forests, that of pot and pearlash, and also, the con- 
 version (by means of our numerous and powerful saw mills) of our forest 
 trees into planks, boards, laths, &c., &c., &c. 
 
 The produce of furred animals and the plumage of birds, are also 
 prepared in several ways, yet skins exported by us in their natural state 
 frequently return here manufactured. | 
 
 Great quantities of oïils are manufactured from the blubber, of 
 cetaceous animals taken in the gulf and River St. Lawrence, and the curing, 
 saltin®, and smoking of fish is carried on, on a large scale : of these articles 
 our production exceeds our consumption, and we might even increase 
 our production of these articles, inasimuch as foreigners come an- 
 nually to reap the benefit of our super-abundance. The manufacture of 
 porpoise leather must be noticed, it having been brought to such perfection 
 as to entitle it to the rank of a new invention : whale leather is also made, 
 though the whale is generally supposed to have no skin. 
 
 
 
die itscédé A 26, Sù 
 A Sn à ant 2 00 er di ht ae = - a mg" à et 
 2 = Fes 
 
 99 
 
 The raw materials of agricultural industry, employ in their preparation, 
 a vast amount of labour. 
 
 Our mills convert our wheat into flour of several descriptions and quali- 
 ties. An abundance of sugar is made from the sap of the maple tree. We 
 prepare our meats by S$alting or smoking, either for domestic use or for 
 exportation : but it would be superfluous to enumerate all these various 
 branches of industry which make up the complement of, and go to swell 
 the labors of our farmers. We export comparatively little grain in its 
 natural state. 
 
 Canada reckons several woollen and linen fabrics among her artificial 
 productions, and all sorts of machinery, tools, leather, paper, printing type, 
 musical instruments, and further, contains workshops for every art, 
 trade and profession. In these branches of labour the workmanship of all 
 ordinary useful articles is of a high standard ; in matters of luxury we yield 
 the palm to Europe, but to Europe only. 
 
 The author is well aware that many details given in this chapter may 
 appear tedious, but the intention of this work made their publication a 
 matter of duty. The commercial statistics will familiarize the public with 
 those imports and exports of Canada, which we have not thought proper to 
 introduce here. 
 
 
 
| 
 121 \ 
 re | 
 il 
 | 
 » 
 "4 
 ‘. 
 h 
 "VE 
 114 
 i 
 | 
 | 
 ! | 
 il Il 
 {| 
 ‘! 
 | | 
 4 | 
 RE | 
 : l 
 '. | 
 l 
 |! 
 ‘Î | 
 | 
 1 | 
 | 
 1 
 ll 
 
 
 
nent É 
 
 FE 
 MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 
 
 Common Roads ;—Mail and Telegraph Communications ;—Navigation of the St.WLawrence ;— 
 Natural obstacles overcome : —St, Lawrence, Lachine, Beauharnois, and? Welland 
 
 L é ‘ a L  d . . . . . 
 Canals ; Best route to the far W est; — Rivers, Saguenay, Richelieu, Ottawa, and Chambly : 
 — Rideau and Grenville Canals ;—Slides for rafts ;—Burlington ani Desjardins Canals :— 
 Grand River, Thames and others ;—Raïilways ;—$t. Lawrence Route compared with the 
 
 American Lines of travel. 
 
 Beïore entering upon a review of our great routes of intercommuni- 
 cation, let us observe that good common roads traverse the country #in 
 all directions, that there is no corner, however thinly inhabited, nor 
 however remote from the centre of population, that has not'a road leading 
 to it. These are not all first class roads, far from it, but they are 
 passable, and indeed are traversed daily by the mails going into the set- 
 tlements formed along the great public roads, and twice a week to the 
 more remote settlements. I 
 lines are established wherever they have been found necessary, and that 
 
 t is hardly necessary to add that telegraph 
 
 they are double and ireble between the great centres of population and 
 business. 
 
 The distance from the mouth of the St. Lawrence to the extremity{of 
 Lake Superior, following the course of the Lakes and Rivers, is above 
 1800 miles ; few rivers in the world present so extensive a highway, and 
 none are navigable for large ships to so great a length ; the St. Lawrence 
 alone offers this advantage to vessels treble the tonnage of those with 
 which Columbus and Cartier made the discoveries of America and Ca- 
 nada. Nature had rendered the St. Lawrence navigable as high as 
 Quebec for ships of the largest size, and for vessels of five or six hun- 
 dred tons burthen as far as Montreal, but there they encountered an 
 obstacle, the St. Louis Rapids, which interrupted their progress : beyond 
 this the navigation was again open for large vessels, but between Mon- 
 treal and Kingston forty-one miles of rapids formed a serious barrier to 
 their ascent ; next followed Lake Ontario, and from Lake Ontario to 
 Lake Erie, a distance of only twenty-seven miles, an ascent of 330 feet, 
 and the Falls of Niagara opposed themselves: from thence through 
 Lakes Huron and Michigan the navigation was open, but the entrance to 
 Lake Superior was still barred by the Falls of St. Mary. Now, all 
 these obstructions, all these formidable barriers opposed by nature have 
 disappeared, you may start from any ocean port in a vessel of two hun- 
 
 
 
102 
 
 dred tons burthen and reach without transhipment the head of the great 
 Lake. The St. Louis Rapids are avoided by the Lachine Canal, nine 
 miles in length; the Cedars, Coteau, Long-saut, Gallops, and other 
 Rapids by the Beauharnois, Cornwall and Junction Canals, thirty-three 
 miles long. The Falls of Niagara and accompanying Rapids by the 
 Welland Canal, twenty-8eéven”milés long, and the St. Mary’s Rapids by 
 a very short Canal, built by the Americans, our neighbours. ‘The Lachine, 
 Beauharnois, Comvwall and Junction Canals have together 27 locks, the 
 dimensions di which within the gates are 200 feet by 45, with nine feet 
 depth of water on:the:sills:t_ The. Welland Canal has 27 locks of 150 feet 
 by 26 feet in breadth, and-eight feet six inches depth of water on the 
 sills, 
 
 The reader will perceive that Canada has reason to be proud of her 
 great “ highway,”” which moreover has cost the country over £2,800,000 
 sterling. 
 
 It must be evident: that the. St. Lawrence route is unrivalled. Itis 
 undoubtedly, the best, the safest, and the cheapest for the emigrant, 
 whether he wishes to settle in any part of Canada, or to wend his way 
 towards the Western, States of the American Union, Ohio, Michigan, 
 Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, or Minnesota, for it is the connecting 
 link with all the Au “an Railroads which reach the Lakes at Buflalo, 
 Cleveland, Sandusky, Toledo, Detroit, Chicago, and Milwaukie, and 
 with all our own lines of Raïlroad. ‘The whole of this Canadian navi- 
 gation, extending over the fresh. waters of a great river and extensive 
 lakes, is in the. highest degree favorable to the health of travellers and 
 to the preservation. of certain articles of trade which become damaged 
 by .a lengthened, exposure to heat, and many of which indeed suffer 
 considerably by a long voyage on the tepid waters, without depth or 
 current, of the Erie Canal in the State of New | Vork. 
 
 Before speaking further on the subject of the superiority of the Bt. 
 Lawrence route over.every. other, for the greater part of North America, 
 let us-examine the other.inländ mavigable routes which the country possesses, 
 all. these different branclies from-the same trunk radiate fromeach side of the 
 principabartery 1 Thé-Grstistocthe North, the Saguenay, which offers a 
 navigable channel fon nearly ninety miles, to the largest sea- going ships. 
 The second is the Richelieu, wiich unites the Saint Lawrence with Lake 
 Champlain, aided by the Chambly Canal, constructed for the purpose of 
 avoiding the rapids of the.sâmename. The length of this canal is about 
 12-miles, it coniains-ten loeks;;each one hundred and'twenty feet long by 
 twenty-four broad. : Néxt isithe Ottawa which has at its mouth a lock one 
 hundred and-eighty feet.by forty:five, with six feet water to allow the large 
 steamers to pass.-from Lake. St Louis into the Lake of Two Mountains, 
 
 
 

 
 103 
 
 which connects the Ottawa with the Saint Lawrence, as far as Carillon, at 
 that point large vessels are compelled to make a stop ; other boats a few 
 miles above Grenville,extend their route to the Cityof Ottawa. So much for 
 large vessels, but the Ottawa forms a water thoroughfare for a distance of 
 more than two hundred miles for steamers one hundred and thirty feet 
 long by thirty-two in breadth, drawing five feet water, this route was 
 opened by means of the St. Anne Lock, of which we have spoken, at the 
 entrance of the Lake of Two Mountains, by a Canal which avoids the 
 rapids which impede the navigation between Carillon and Grenville, then 
 by another canal, the Rideau, 126 miles long which intersects the interior of 
 the country from the City of Ottawa, taking its course towards the South 
 West as far as the neighborhood of Kingston, at the mouth of the river 
 Cataraqui. This canal, constructed on a mixed system, comprises locks of 
 which we have given the dimensions, and others, some of which are of 
 gigantic dimensions, and are intended to raise the level of lakes and 
 rivers. This expensive work, undertaken by the British Military Govern- 
 ment for a purely strategical purpose, is now devoted entirely ty commerce. 
 
 Beyond the Chaudière Rapids near the City of Ottawa, the Ottawa is 
 navigated by Steamers of middling size to the foot of the Chats Rapids ; 
 from this point a railway built by individuals on an economical plan and 
 which, for that reason, is called the Aboriginal Raïl-KRoad, connects with 
 another line of steamers which runs to Portage du Fort. 
 
 Independent of this the Ottawa possesses slides, constructed along 
 its whole Jength for the descent of rafts, thus avoiding the rapids which 
 formerly caused the loss of many lives, and of large quantities of lumber. 
 Slides are also constructed on the Rivers St. Maurice, Trent and others. 
 
 At the head of Lake Ontario, Burlington Bay used to be inaccessible, 
 in consequence of a bar or spit which barred the entry, but a channel has 
 been excavated faced with piers to preserve the sides, and so constructed 
 as to admit the largest vessels that navigate the Lake. From the end of 
 Burlington Bay, the Desjardins Canal, about three miles in length, has been 
 opened. This is simply a passage through a swamp, deepened by a dredging 
 machine, the object of this work was to avoid the ascent and descent of a 
 steep hill, the foot of which borders the marsh through which the canal 
 is made. 
 
 The Grand River, which empties itself into Lake Erie, is made navigable 
 for vessels of small burthen as far as Brantford, about 36 miles from its 
 mouth, and is connected with the Welland Canal by a branch of this canal 
 which is fed by the River. 
 
 The Thames is also navigable for a certain distance for vessels of moderate 
 draught, it empties itself into Lake St. Clair. 
 
 
 
rer 
 
 104. 
 
 NE ET VIE 
 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 : 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 
 ai 
 
 No mention is made here of inferior communications nor of the naviga- 
 tion of some of our inland lakes and rivers, for instance, Lake Simcoe, 
 and River St. John, Lakes Temiscouata and Madawaska on the frontiers of 
 FE: Lower Canada, which put us in connexion with the State of Maine and 
 il | | the Province of New Brunswick. 
 t À railroad unites the Counties of Levis and Quebec, with Montreal in 
 14 one direction and with the United States and the Atlantic in the other, by 
 | \ the St. laure nce and Atlantic 
 
 f t} eof Maine. This 
 
 | the borders of the 
 . | 15 rx . nt ty [&R! 7 D .71 e 
 | route forms part of a grand scheme, known as the Gra # Lrunk Railway, 
 1 
 : 
 
 : N 21 pr : 11 7 D pa «a À A " L … CE 
 effecting a junction at Melbonrne wit 
 Le v 
 
 LE HA pe sado Eu Tire Tor 
 Se railroad. which runs to Portland alonc 
 Le 
 
 which is intended to penetrate through the whole province, and of which 
 
 14 the following portions are in progress, viz.: from Trois Pistoles, County of 
 | | Le “rduée to Quebec, from Montreal to Toronto and from Toronto to 
 EN à Port Sarnia. Ît is in connection with this line of railway that the Victoria 
 | Bridge is now being built to join the island of Montreal to the south shore 
 ji il of the St. Lawrence. This gigantice work will with its immense abutments 
 
 Î : FÉTQUES PAGE | A AN MCE PSE CORRE APRES EE ae 1. r ù 
 De anout tnree mAiies 10%, 1£ Will JC à CUDUHIAT bridge on the & saine principle 
 
 +} 4 fNNTIIY "3 QE 1.1. Ps le Le 4 ” "4 : é de EL . 1 ci +1 7 L., ES ] + ei 7 . RS en a CS 44) Il | 
 as LIIAL OVEL LLC IMCNAI bDiFralls In Hnoiand, (ne NeISNE OI JES DICTS wil )e 
 | 
 4 RUE OR EPP TENSS AE LORS D AMOIee UE GENE. LES LS DIE ES it will be 
 | SUCA AS CO AUMIL OL VESSEIS Dassin un«aer lt ; wnen conpiere, IL W1 Le 
 { 1 L' 
 “1 . ] | 4 RER . . 1 
 tne l: rge | Dridæe 1) the VW Ç vorio. 
 e Le 
 Pr 41 | 1. 1 .1 > | e 4 1 » . Le ] » 
 thar ararliia: k« roarlo in mov 1: AU th. ANrpA 2nyvt 
 lhe Gtrei C: Naaiarl IvVAILIT( (15 111 Operation are, tne Lanorale, Dert lier, 
 L 1} 7 hs 1 7 1 1 . Fr , » à B 
 ? hr sarnast ur ta ed PRET PRES 2 FOR SRE GC RME OS RS sde s se + 
 and hawdon, twentv-iour miles iong. which intersects the Counties o >er- 
 
 . € . 2 Pa F2 ; | CARE à A RUES F4, : + . : pa: 
 thier, Joliette and Montcalm : the Montreal and Lachine. in connection 
 
 with the KRarlway from Caughnawaga 10 Plattsburgh via New York ; 
 
 : + ! , L 1 . re 1 4 
 hamplain ; these two er unite with American raïlroads A ba 
 
 ; «+ V T 1 Le ] Pr L'S ï 
 their share 11 1n LN ork. Boston. and other cities of the United States 
 
 alo through Brantford to Goderich, 
 « ’ 
 
 17%4 + OV 27 L XX aides D 
 ninui cation over tne YyYester! Pen- 
 
 re 
 Fi 
 
 d ‘ 1 4 P° 10 € ; AS 11 Pr ‘ RNA 
 which places Lake Huron in direc , 
 . F | 1 MAMMA PU + à ee 97 EN. "ML, da YRÉEA PA ES » _* 
 insula, with the Welland Canal and AS Erie, The Great Western Raïl- 
 road from Hamilton to Niacara. and from on to Windsor or the 
 
  &- 5.) : a! * 2 tr 4. Fr 7 n 4 L FPRE - Es mn A . PE! Ja 
 River Detroit, is, next to the Grand Trunk, the most important of out 
 
 ? 
 railroads, it 1s in full working order and carries on an extensive traffic ; 
 3 1 \ » afia or CAPES ET 4 1 LR pe k » à À 41 1»1 ” ss 
 all these roads are complete and are in direct communication with the 
 
 St. Lawrence. 
 3 1C à e 1! | 27 ; d : ne =. € r + € NN PA 
 Besides these a number of raïlroads have been commenced or are under 
 
 Q 
 
 : contract, one from Quebec to the back settlerx.ents ofthe Saguenay . another 
 
 from Oéébec to Montreal by the north shore of the St, Lawrence, one to 
 the frontier in the district of St. Francis, from Montreal, one from the 
 Ottawa to Prescott, Count of Grenville, one from Brockville to the Otta- 
 
 wa, the ‘ Grand potion from Belleville to Peterborough, and from 
 
 
 
105 
 
 
 
 thence to Lake Huron, a double branch from Port Hope to Cobourg and 
 Peterborough, one from Toronto to G oderich, one from Woodstock, County 
 of Oxford, to Lake Erie, and one from London to Port Stanley on Lake 
 Érie. Several other railroads are in contemplation, for some of which, the 
 Companies have already obtained their charters. 
 
 Let us here make a comparison between the St. Lawrence and American 
 routes, as means of transport for passengers and goods, also with respect 
 to their connection with the Western emigration and traffic between the 
 States and Canada. 
 
 Let us first of all establish that that route is the shortest and most direct, 
 which, from the north and centre of Europe, leads to the shores of Lakes 
 Ontario, Huron, Michigan, and Superior. From the European ports of 
 the above named sections, all ships direct their course either to New York, 
 Boston or the Gulf of St. Lawrence, uniting at a common centre near New- 
 foundland, a little to the West of Cape Race, distant from Europe about 
 2000 miles. It is from this point we should compare the different routes 
 in question. 
 
 From thence to New Orleans the distance is 3000 miles, to New York 
 1,350 miles, Boston 1,200 miles, and to Quebec 1,200 miles. 
 
 Thus from the coast of France or England to 
 
 Quebec, the distance is ......:.....................:8.800 miles 
 
 Boston, do ARTE SAR Lee PUR PEUT ES 3,300 
 New York, MO LE HU nest RS M Dire | Le den 
 New Orleans, do sieste te, étant OURS 5 
 
 Again, it is to be observed, that for ships coming from the North of 
 
 Europe there is a shorter passage than that by Cape Race, that is 10 Say, 
 by passing through the Straits of Belle Isle to the north of Newfoundland, 
 in latitude 52°. The difference in the length of the passage 1s estimated 
 at about 500 miles in favour of the Straits. From the coast of Ireland to 
 Labrador in Canada the distance does not exceed 2,200 miles. 
 
 Having thus shewn that Quebec is nearer to Europe than any of the 
 ports in North America as regards the internal trade of the Continent, it 
 remains to be proved that the St. Lawrence route is superior to every 
 other. 
 
 Arrived at either of the ports of New York or Boston the emigrant can 
 from New York, by a water carriage of about 150 miles by the Hudson 
 River,) which are all more expensive than our water communications, and 
 subject besides to transhipment at every junction of the different lines. 
 T have stated that the emigrant had but one means of travel towards the 
 West in the United States, I! mean that their Canals being small and thus 
 
 only reach the west with his baggage by some line of railroad, (except 
 
 
 
' me a —— =" = dre à nant 
 ] | £ ares AT 
 
 ee mer ©" —© a ie nee me : 
 ee dm tem ns RES = — _ —- s 
 - _ . — PERCÉE Sn .— 
 
 14 7 
 
 incapable of admitting steamboats, they are unfit to carry passengers at 
 the present era in travelling. 
 
 Π| On the other hand, emigrants or travellers arriving at Quebec, with the 
 | | | intention of not remaining in Canada but of going westward, may be car- 
 ried with all their property to their destination, with all the comforts 
 afforded by large steamers to any of the inland ports without having to 
 
 LA 
 
 + 
 
 set foot on shore except as a matter of recreation in passing through the 
 locks of the canals: and the difference of time occupied in the Journey 
 from the American ports by railroad to Buffalo, and that in the voyage to 
 Buffalo by Quebec on the St. Lawrence, is only forty hours, a trifling dif- 
 ference, considering the distance travelled, if we take into account the 
 
 TT 
 
 charge either for the emigrant or for freight. 
 
 = 
 
 ee “ 
 La prit LEA ep DM ES ee ee a 
 
 Again, let us remark that the navigation of the St. Lawrence connects at 
 il a number of different points with steamboat and railroad routes, the greater 
 4h number of which terminate at the American seaports. From this circum- 
 gill stance we can thus, it may be remarked in passing, choose for our produce 
 2 either the American or the European market, and select further, either 
 water or land carriage. All these advantages are s0 palpable that when 
 it was proposed in the State of New York, to bring the American Brie 
 Canal as far as Lake Ontario, Mr. Dewitt Clinton, one of their statesmen, 
 opposed it, saying, ‘ AI goods for exportation once arrived on Lake Onta- 
 rio, will, in most instances take the Montreal route, unless our British 
 neighbours are quite blind to their own interests.” The distance from 
 Quebec to Buffalo by the river may be taken at 600 miles, and the mean 
 | distance from New York and Boston to Buffalo at 540 miles, by the best 
 4, railroads Now, we know that the most moderate fares on railroads for 
 long distances are, by emigrant trains, 114. per mile for each traveller, 
 and for the first class passage, 3}d., per mile. The regular charges on the 
 best boats on the St. Lawrence for emigrants, are a little over 1d. for every 
 three miles, and 8%d., for cabin passengers. 
 
 This gives as the price of passage to the West : 
 
 From Quebec to Buffalo, for ordinary travellers, £8 6s. 0d., for emigrants 
 £1 2s. Od. 
 
 From Boston or New York to Buffalo, for travellers #3 5s. Od., for 
 emigrants 27s. 6d. 
 
 It must be observed that the charge of £3 6s., for first class passengers 
 on board Canadian steamboats includes meals, which generally from New 
 York or Boston to Buftalo, cost about 6s. more, making the total charge 
 Fuel £3 11s. 0d. by the American routes, against £3 6s. by the Canadian route, 
 These differences of fare are not very great, still we must bear in mind 
 that we have instituted the comparison between our first class boats and 
 
 
 
ane SUR ER TRE -— ne E 2 
 
 ss pr + DRE ERP PE — 
 
 
 
 10% 
 
 the American Raïlroads, which are most moderate in their charges. Much 
 cheaper passages may be procured on the St. Lawrence, but nothing 
 cheaper can be found on any raïlroad. 
 
 The prices here presented shew that the difference of fare 1s more m 
 favor of the emigrant than the generaltraveller. Thesame difference exists 
 with respect to freight which amounts to much less by the St. Lawrence, 
 * and the saving increases with the bulk and weight of the goods to be 
 conveyed. 
 
 Below is a comparative scale of the charges for carriage of à barrel of 
 flour by different routes, from Cleveland in the State of Ohio, to the differ- 
 ent sea-ports ; 
 
 From Cleveland to 
 
 Se D. 
 Boston, (by Erie Canal and Raïlroad)....,...... 9 0 
 New York, (by Erie Canal).................... 4 0 
 Portland, (by St. Lawrence and Montreal) ....... 3 6 
 Quebec, (by St. Lawrence).,...,.........…,... 2 0 
 
 This same barrel of flour, the freight of which, by the American 
 routes, amounts to 5s., delivered at Boston via the States, would only 
 cost 3s. 9d., if sent there via the St. Lawrence and Montreal. From 
 Toronto to Quebec the freight of the same article is on the average 15. 
 6d., and from Toronto to New York 2s.6d. These charges are of course 
 subject to change, but the proportion is always that indicated here. 
 The prices quoted are the ordinary charges of steamers and freight 
 trains. The down freight on the St. Lawrence is something less, as 
 freight vessels descending the river, shoot the rapids, whereas on 
 ascending, they have canal charges to pay. 
 
 It has been objected to the St. Lawrence route, that it is onlÿ open 
 part of the year, and that we are quite isolated during the remainder. 
 The navigation of the St. Lawrence is generally open by the 21th April 
 or 1st May, and closes about 25th November. 
 
 Now, during this period of seven months, its great thoroughfare aflords 
 ample passage for all the freight, and as to emigrants and travellers they 
 would do well not to go westward in winter, even should they take 
 Boston or New York as their starting point. ‘The Erie Canal and Hudson 
 River are not open in the spring earlier than the port of Quebec, although 
 the temperature in the neighborhood of the former is higher in winter ; 
 but the St. Lawrence has means of its own for getting rid of the ice 
 which covers it. 
 
 It has been asserted in books written on the subject of the great high- 
 ways of which we have spoken, that the navigation of the St. Lawrence 
 
 
 

 
 108 
 
 
 
 presents more dangers than other routes, and it has been urged as an 
 argument that the rates of insurance are much higher on this route than 
 elsewhere ; the latter fact. must be admitted and on first 
 consideration it seems to carry great weight, but this is due to other 
 causes than the amount of losses, causes which result from the fact that 
 Assurance Companies are composed almost exclusively of capitalists, 
 who are quite ignorant of the real interests of the trade with which they 
 are dealing. The reader will see further on in the chapter of statistics, 
 the comparative amount of premiums and losses on Marine Insurances. 
 I will now proceed to use an argument of another kind, in favor of the 
 St. Lawrence route which admits of no discussion, but assumes all the 
 authority of past experience. 
 
 The year 1848, was probably the most disastrous ever known for the 
 whole world as regards shipwreck ; in this year the United States lost 585 
 
 salling KE out of 21,000 which compose their merchant fleet, Eng- 
 land in the same year 501 ships out of 80,000 ; Canada out of 2,000 sail- 
 
 ing vessels, which navigate FR e St. Lawrence from Montreal to the Gulf, 
 1200 of which were from beyond the sea, had only 48 shipwrecks ; and 
 
 (never before nor since that period,) has our river witnessed so many 
 disasters. 
 
 By these figures it is proved that in the vear of the greatest losses {or 
 the whole world, (the best consequent}y on which to form a comparison) 
 we have lost 1 ship in 42, and the United States 1 in 35. This then is the 
 evidence we have deduced from the Assurance Companies, to establish 
 the comparative amount of safety on the LA SRE ati of the two 
 countries. 
 
 This constant comparison of Canada with the United States will be ex- 
 cused, when it is reflected that too often in France the credit of all that is 
 done in North America is given to the Americans, a slight error which our 
 amiable neighbours tolerate, with a benevolence quite at variance with 
 
 their usual habits. 
 
F 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 LAN 12 Reg FA CNT ve 
 
 sh 
 
 LEE æ 
 ET ge 4 
 EE 
 
 j = 
 
 
 
 — = = 
 ———— ms as Le a ee PE me mme — | s 
 
 a”. 
 
 
 
 VII. à 
 ND CIVIL INSTITUTIONS OF CANADA* | 
 
 Le 
 Constitution of Canada — Executive power —Legislative power ;--Enactmer it of Laws —Duties; 
 
 of the Legislative Bodies ;—Elective principle ; Composition of the Executive Council, 
 Assemblies : Recesses ;--Prorogations : and Dissolutions of the Houses :—- Administration of 
 Justice in Canada East, or French Canada; In Canada West; Rio —Superin- 
 tendent of Education ;—School Funds ; Management of School Revenue ; Universities ; 
 Colleges ;—Clergy ;—Local M unicipalities ;— Roads .—Reference to sever al subjec{s in 
 
 POLITICAL : 
 
 the following chapter. 
 
 The constitution which unites Upper and Lower Canada nnder one sole 
 Government is identical with that of England, with one only exception, 
 which is this, that the sanctioning of any law may be reserved for the 
 supreme A of the Mother C ar whenever the Governor thinks 
 proper. This prerogative is only exercised to maintain the principle of 
 colonial dependence, for in point of fact, the Parliament of England, grants 
 ard the management’ and 
 
 the fullest liberty to the Colonial Parliament 
 
 enjoyment of all their revenue. 
 Jhe Executive power is composed of the Governor, who represents the 
 Sovereign, and of a Council of Ministers who alone are responsible for the 
 
 acts of the Government, and preserve their position only by possessing the 
 In the event of a 
 
 confidence of the two Éésiéhes of the Legislature. 
 collision between the Representative power and the Executive, the latter 
 can dissolve the House and appeal to the people by a new election. 
 
 The Legislative power is made up of two Assemblies, of which the 
 Legislative Council, is named by the Crown, by the à dvice and counsel of 
 the ministers, and the number of which is unlimited, the other the Legisla- 
 tive Assembly is elected by the people of Counties and Towns, and is com- 
 posed of 130 Members, 65 for each section, the term of whose service expires 
 every four years, and may cease before this period, in case of a dissolu- 
 tion of Parliament. The Legislative Assembly alone has the power Lo 
 vote the supplies, and any measure involving an appropriation of revenue, 
 must originate in this Assembly. 
 
 Other laws emanate either from the Legislative Council or from the 
 Assembly, which bodies alone can consider and amend all Billss When a 
 Bill or proposed Act, brought up from one House to the other, is amended, 
 the Actis returned to the Chamber in which it originated, who may either 
 agree to the amendments or not, or Pr other amendments to the amend- 
 
 ments: should both houses concur, the Bilis passed, and only requires the 
 
. . nes ETES, — nt MR ÉR ES  E 
 A . ñ 
 
 111 
 
 _ = — ebes —_—_———— oo =— rh 
 
 Governor’s sanciion to become law; if otherwise, then a conference is 
 … arranged between Members of the two Assemblies, chosen as conferees. 
 In this meeting the affair is always arranged, 1f not the Bill would fall to 
 the ground. 
 «. The Chambers are the High Court of Enquiry of the Country, and 
 “have the right to take cognizance of all matters; and all informa- 
 tion asked for by the majority of the Agsembly must be given by the 
 Government, or they must resign or appeal to the Country. Questions 
 are decided by 4 majority of the members present, without regard to 
 numbers, provided there be a quorum. A quorum of the Legislative Council 
 consists of eleven, and of the Assembly of twenty-one: Each chamber is 
 presided over by a Speaker, who gives the casting vote on equal divisions : 
 the Speaker of the Council, is appointed by the Executive, and the Speaker 
 of the Assembly, by the House. 
 
 
 
 AI measures, investigations and other preparatory labours are prepared 
 or carried on by £ommittees who report to the House. These Committees 
 are either general, that is, composed of the whole House, or special, when 
 composed of a limited number of Members ; there are besides these, Stand- 
 ing Committees, who report at different periods on all matters referred 
 to them for enquiry. 
 
 It is intended,shortly to make the Legislative Council elective, which 
 will be an important change in the constitution, not only as respects 
 their responsibility to the people, but also as regards the relations between 
 the two Chambers, and between the Chambers and the Executive. 
 
 The council of ministers which is here called the « Ministry ” or 
 ‘ Administration,” and whose number is not limited by the constitution, 
 is at present composed as follows : 
 
 À Provincial Secretary, whose office is identical with that of Min- 
 
 ister of the Interior and of Education. 
 
 À. Receiver General whose office relates to matters of Finance. 
 
 An Inspector General of Public Accounts. 
 
 A Commissioner of Public Works. 
 
 À Commissioner of. Crown Lands,— colonisation, woods and forests. 
 
 A Minister of Agriculture, attached to which is an office of Statistics 
 and Patents of Invention. 
 
 Two Attorneys General, the Law Officers, of, Upper and Lower 
 Canada. 
 
 À Postmaster General. | 
 
 Minister without oflice, who is Speaker of the Legislative Council. 
 
 Of these Ministers five are from Upper Canada and five from 
 Lower Canada. 
 
 
 

 
 f 
 4 
 
 TT 22 EEE EE à 
 et 
 - - 
 LL TE 
 Ze" LS 
 
 RECENSE TES 
 ur En mme 
 
 er UT Cr TN à 
 
 2 ET 
 
 Attached to the Ministry and retiring with it, but not forming part of 
 it are two Solicitors General, whose duties are connected with those of 
 Attorneys General. All these functionaries must be members of one or 
 other of the Chambers, and there must be some of them in both. 
 
 The Council of Ministers are in constant session and assist the Gover- 
 nor with their advice ; he presides at all meetings where his decision is” 
 required to the measures of the Council, but the Ministry have Committee 
 meetings at which business is discussed and arranged ; the Governor is 
 not present at these meetings, etiquette not admitting of any discussion 
 in his presence. 
 
 The nomination of all public ofhcers rests with the Governor, 
 
 The Speakers of the two Assemblies have the nomination of their own 
 officers except the Serjeants-at-Arms and Gentlemen Ushers ; these, re- 
 ceiving the usual commissions are nominated by the Executive, who are 
 generally guided in their selection by the wishes of the Speakers. 
 
 Disputed elections of Members of the Legislative Assembly are 
 decided by Election Committees, chosen from the body of the House in 
 virtue of a law to that eflect. 
 
 Parliament must meet every year, its sitiing usually lasts several 
 months and is called a session. It may adjourn for long vacations with- 
 out affecting the session, but when the labours of the Session are 
 terminated by order of the Governor in Council, itis called a prorogation, 
 and the next meeting of parliament commences a new session. A 
 parliament is the duration of the Assembly from one election to another ; 
 after every general election, whether before the expiration of the four years 
 from the issue of the writs (by dissolution) or not, anew Parliament begins. 
 In the interval between the end of one Parliament and the beginning of 
 another, a space of time which should not amount to a year, and rarely 
 exceeds a few months, there is no legislative power in existence. This 
 will suffice to show that our constitution is the same as that of England, 
 our parliamentary rules and practices are exactly the same, and the Houses 
 and members individually enjoy all the privileges secured by these 
 rules in the same manner as all the prerogatives of the Crown are 
 vested in the Governor, who is the Representative of the Sovereign. 
 Changes of Ministry occur as in England, in fact every political move- 
 ment is here an imitation of what is done at home on a larger scale. 
 
 The description we have given of the extensive powers of the Canä- 
 dian Parliament which affect everything connected with the legislation 
 and government of the country, leads us naturally to allude 10 a subject 
 which, especially for the French, is a bug bear which keeps foreigners 
 away from all quarters of the British Dominions, that is, the law of 
 inheritance or Alien Act. 
 
 ES 
 
 
 
 NID ET UT Ms Mr. Ve 
 
 
 
ns en ES 
 
 RE ms © 
 
 113 
 
 me —————— nn 
 
 The Frenchman who wishes to emigrate to Canada need not fear for 
 himself or his family, the unjust operation of this law, nor of the law of 
 primogeniture ; these objectionable laws, to which, however, she owes, 
 in a great measure, her agricultural position and the stability of her 
 Government, are unknown in Canada. We may suppose that the colony, 
 possessing the power of legislating on the subject, has taken good éare to 
 annul all laws which had a tendency to banish strangers from its terri- 
 tory, emigration being the most important element in the prosperity of 
 so vast a country as this, so rich in natural productions and one which 
 is still so thinly inhabited, The foreigner may be assured of finding in 
 Canada, all those arrangements which will secure to him and to his 
 family, the possession, and peaceful, and uninterrupted inheritance of 
 that wealth which his industry and capital may have procured him, 
 our laws and enactments tending to encourage honest and well disposed 
 emigrants to settle among us. 
 
 The judicial power is differently organised in Lower and Upper Cana- 
 da. Here in few words are the two organisations ; with one exception, 
 that in certain cases an appeal against the decisions of the Courts here, 
 may be made to the Privy Council in England. 
 
 In Lower Canada, the highest tribunal is called, The Queen’s Bench, 
 it is composed of four judges, with a Chief Justice as President, but any 
 of whom can act in the absence of the others in certain cases; this Court 
 hears cases of appeal and gives judgment in serious criminal matters 
 which do not come within the jurisdiction of the Police Courts. Another 
 Court composed of ten judges, two of whom are Chief Justices, one for 
 Montreal and one for Quebec, is called the Superior Court, and gives 
 judgment en première instance in important causes and in appeal, in all 
 cases referred from the Courts below. The third in order is the Circuit 
 Court ; the number of judges of this Court at the present day is nine, 
 one of whom resides in each of the districts of Kamouraska and 
 Ottawa, two in the district of Gispé and one in the Circuit 
 of Chicoutimi, in the Saguenay territory; their jurisdiction extends 
 to sums not exceeding £50 currency; in some districts the resident 
 judges exercise in addition, the jurisdiction belonging to other Courts, 
 but only during term. The Circuit judges hold with the justices of the 
 peace, Quarter Sessions to try certain criminal cases. 
 
 There is besides an Admiralty Court, the sole judge of which, sitting 
 at Quebec, decides all matters of maritime law. When the inhabi- 
 tants of a Parish demand it, they may establish among themselves a 
 ‘ Commissioners’ Court,” which adjudicates on matters of debt only, 
 not exceeding £6 currency. Special Magistrates, without salary, called 
 Justices of the Peace, are appointed among the inhabitants in different 
 
 H | 
 
 
 
114 
 
 localities, and invested with the power of deciding on all rural and other 
 matters of police. 
 
 In Upper Canada, there is a Court of Appeal, composed ofthe Judges of 
 the Superior Courts of Law and Equity, a Court of Queen's Bench with 
 a Chief Justice and two other Judges, a Court of Chancery, with equity 
 jurisdiction, composed of a Chancellor and two Vice Chancellors, a Court 
 of Common Pleas, consisting of a Chief Justice, and two puisné Judges. 
 These’ judges preside at the criminal assizes in the different counties 
 during’what are called in England the Law terms. Besides this they go 
 the Circuits. Again, besides the Superior Courts, there is what is called 
 the Heir and Devisee Court. This Court is held by Commissioners, who 
 are judges of the Superior Court, associated with other judges appointed 
 adhoc. The jurisdictionof this Courtextends only to litigation, connected 
 with the inheritance of lands held without letters patent from the Crown ; 
 again there are, the Probate Court, Surrogate Court, and Insolvent 
 Debtor’s Court, whose powers it would take too long to define. There 
 arettwenty-nine judges of counties and divisions of counties, who hold 
 terms, and reside within the limits of their respective jurisdictions, they 
 also preside”at Courts of Quarter Sessions and Division Courts, to give 
 summary judgment in matters of minor importance. In Upper as in 
 Lower Canada, the reports on judicial proceedings are published, the 
 reporters are’salaried and form part of the establishment of the Courts. 
 
 The management of matters connected with Education is attached to 
 the office of Provincial Secretary, but he has under his direction, two 
 Superintendents of Education, one for Upper and one for Lower Canada, 
 who are in point of fact the Ministers of Public Education. The Com- 
 mon School Fund, supplied partly by the Government, partly by local 
 taxes, 18 managed by the authorities of each parish or township. In 
 addition to the Common Schools, there are numerous Colleges and 
 Academies, governed by bodies politie, owing their existence 10 
 charters granted by the Legislature, some of which in Lower Canada, 
 date their foundation from the early times of the Colony under French 
 rule. 
 
 There are several Universities, among others, the University of Laval 
 at Quebec, MeGill College, Montreal, and the University at Toronto. 
 These three Colleges have the privilege of granting, and do grant to 
 numbers of students, university degrees. 
 
 In the towns and in several counties of Upper and Lower Canada 
 there are Literary Institutions and Associations, and many of the Parishes 
 have small public libraries. 
 
 The religious welfare of the people is well cared for. The Roman Cath- 
 olie Church, which is the most extensive, has a very nUMEFOUS clergy, 
 
 
 
115 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 under the direction of several Bishops of whom the Archbishop of Quebec 
 is the metropolitan. The Church of England has also a metropolitan 
 Bishop, several other Bishops, and a large number of ministers, 
 the other Protestant denominations support a clergy, suflicient 
 for the wants of their different congregations. The Protestant clergy, 
 is in part maintained by the profits accruing to them from a 
 grant of land known as the Cergy Reserves. What remains of 
 these lands, has been secularised by the Legislature, and the profits 
 limited to the lifetime of the present incumbents. The State pays 
 nothing towards the maintenance of its clergy, the Roman Catholies of 
 Lower Canada support their prelates and curates by payment of a tithe, 
 of the twenty-sixth part of the grain, added to a casual revenue of the 
 Church ; the tithe, which is small and only deducted from one article of 
 produce is fixed by a special law to that effect, and only applies to 
 Roman Catholies in Lower Canada. 
 
 The local affairs are managed by a Municipal Council, who are elected 
 in turn by rate payers. These corporations have the power of imposing 
 taxes on their constituents, but only for certain purposes. The prevailing 
 system in Upper Canada, for the maintenance of the public roads, is 
 by farming them out te Companies, who, by their charter acquire the 
 right to put up toll-gates at diflerent places, and to charge à certain toll 
 for passing. In Lower Canada, the more general custom is to impose 
 on every land holder an amount of personal labour, proportioned to the 
 extent of his property. 
 
 In the following chapter on Statistics, the reader will find allusion to 
 many subjects which more properly belong to the preceding chapters ; 
 but in a concise work of this kind, repetition is, as much as possible to 
 be avoided, 
 
 It is on this account that many interesting data on our financial and 
 banking system have not yet been furnished ; all numerical informa- 
 tion, requiring explanation will receive it in the last chapter, in which the 
 reader must be prepared to find much figure work. This is almost an 
 apology for entering into statistics, but it has been said, “ No science has 
 “been so neglected as statistics” and I would not willingly incur the 
 reproach of similar neglect, when this work contains so small an amount 
 
 of information on other subjects. 
 
 
 

 
VIIL. 
 STATISTICS AND GENERAL INFORMATION. 
 
 Nors.—(1.) Census of Population ;—By Origin ;—By Religion ;—By Sections of the Province ; — 
 Population of chief towns ;—Remarks ;—Comparative Table ;—Nümber of Lunatics ;— 
 Statistics of Provincial Penitentiary ;—Census of Professions, Trades, &c. (2.) Agri- 
 cultural Census, and of land owned and under cultivation ;—Partition of Real Estate ;— 
 Division of Fields ;—Annual Produce of Land;—Number of Cattle ;—Aggregate 
 Value of Produce ; —Market Value of Agricultural Produce in 1851 ;—Comparison with 
 tbe United States;—Statistics of Education ; —Universities ; —Colleges ;—Schools ;— 
 Number of Pupils ;—Clergy. (4.) Public Works ;—Light Houses ;—Wharves :—Canals 
 Slides ; —Roads and Bridges ;—Cost of these Works ;—Report on them ;—Tow-Boats ; 
 —Railroads. (5.) Finances of the Country ; —Revenue and its Sources ;—Comparative 
 Statement ;—Provincial Ledger. (6.) Trade:—Business of the Ports; —Value of Im- 
 ports and Exports ;—Principal Articles of Importation and Exportation ;—Ship- 
 Building ;—Banks ;—Insurance Companies, (7.) Various Details ;—Local Taxes; 
 Postage ; —Currency ; —Price of Houses ;—Fares by Steamboat and Sailing Vessels, 
 from Europe to Quebec. 
 
 Fhe last Census, shewing the population, and the agricultural and 
 industrial condition of Canada, took place in 1851. The reader must 
 not forget that four years work great changes with us, as will be seen 
 by the tables of comparison in the next chapter. For instance, it is a 
 well known fact, that the population of the Province, on the 1st of 
 January, 1855, considerably exceeded 2,000,000: this the reader may 
 take as a criterion for comparison. 
 
 L 
 
 Cexsus or 1851. 
 
 Population of Canada, 1,842,265, distributed as follows between the 
 two sections of the Province : 
 
 Upper Canada ss see et ee 16,60 1008008 
 Edwer Canada" see ee ie de veste 000,201 
 
 These numbers are subdivided as follows, into origins and principal 
 birth places : 
 
 
 

 
 + ù 
 = — = =: er —— — : 
 : = = EE en — EE — = 
 RE CRE =— 1 En 
 re ERP ILE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 695,945 
 
 E 
 PE 
 | [ tte rs on ———— D TA LES NÉ AE ER A CAE DARÈRRE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Franco-Canadians ...... D SE CP NP RE 
 
 Hi Canadians, (not French).............. secs es.e.. VDO 
 | 4 Natives of Ireland....... PRET desc sv. 29078 
 | | l “ England..........  édhains ess ss 93,929 
 | j 6e Scotland ...ss.sessrsrsesee se es CNET 
 \ 1 |! Continent of AmericCa........ Utd ss an et CU TRES 
 k | | 66 Europe ..... PE PP PE NT Sousse =: OR 
 < | il | The grand divisions of the population into religious*denominations are 
 | as follows : 
 Hi? Roman Catholics........ Pr cutnirsisaanerss DA 
 IA Church of England .............. . bises co: 200508 
 Air Presbytérians........... ESS eee 6° 176,094 
 JE M Methodists........ usée DEEE E TNT CÉRT 173,959 
 ! Ai Pres Cl IC. 56 0 04008 100 SR EE LE Mais -: : OT OR 
 Lu Dissenters....... des vis css td, 176,085 
 1 A No religion... ces.sesssses LU Pre Here 71,334 
 ) JWS... PL LACET SORT SU 116 LÉ) 391 
 
 Lower Canada contains : 
 
 Franco-Canadians.......... nous SN SR OT US 
 Canadians, (other origins)........ sé cusés ess sn: 400, 000 
 Roman Catholies .....ssssesessse otre asess ! 140800 
 
 Upper Canada : 
 
 À Anglo-Canadians.......sesessssssesssersese 526,093 
 Franco-Canadians.e.e.sssss..s Éd in CÉ AIGE 26,417 
 Ptostnnts, JO US cours latest biesverate. 1000171 
 
 Population of the chief towns of Upper and Lower Canada, in 1851, 
 in numerical order : 
 
 Upper Canada : 
 
 Toronto ses eee eee tee 9 30,779 
 
 ji Hamilton ...sssssssssss sensor sseseseesee 14,121 
 
 ij RS 0 D PRENONS A RE 
 
 4 Bytown, (City of has. in EN LS de 7,760 
 London, . csv er Valises ass rOUt 7,035 
 
 Belleville... ose era nie ein seeds 4,569 
 | Hhntiordi sea cé ST Der CHARME A ANS Po 75 3,877 
 1 | Cobourg ..esesveres cesse sers soesrresere 3,871 
 
D oo D A VE spot =_—_— ES 
 
 
 
 119 
 D'andés 70600 dé NI SR 3,017 
 INR D, 5 MS 63 MERS SE ER FC ve aa 3,340 
 BrockvViei:.s.16..1:73 sed s 865 de do Te 3,246 
 Port Hope bn a re se 2,476 
 Lower Canada : , 
 ROUMANIE 57,115 x 
 CUP MERE & LT OURS 42,052 
 TOC EU VOS... UE cle ue DOS 4,936 
 SE in, ibn RES Sr 3,424 
 ARS ADR à 2 ee cest ARR CN 3,313 
 nn ns minette RL RD 3,215 
 CT D DT DNS 2 D 2,998 
 
 With regard to Quebec, it appears that the Banlieue contains about 
 10,000 souls, in addition to the figures given above. 
 
 All these populations have increased considerably, especially in Upper 
 Canada, the rendezvous of British emigrants. The European must not 
 judge of the importance of a town by its population, for taking one 
 population with another, much more business is done in Canada than 
 elsewhere ; for instance, where will it be possible to find a town of 43,000 
 inhabitants, (that of Quebec in 1851,) whose export trade amounts to 
 £1,600,000 currency, and whose commercial fleet averages 1,000,000 tons. 
 
 In the following table will be seen the increase of population in the 
 two sections of the Province since 1763 : 
 
 sh 
 
 NUMBERS OF PEOPLE. 
 
 
 
 | 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | YEARS. 
 
 | LOWER CANADA.|UPPER CANADA. CANADA. 
 | 1768 70,000 12,000 82,000 
 | 1814 | 335,000 95,000 430,000 
 | 1823 427,000 150,000 | 375,000 
 | 1831 512,000 260,000 772,000 
 | 1844 699,000 500,000 | 1,199,000 
 | 1848 770,000 721,000 1,491,000 
 | 890,261 |: 952,004 | 1,842,265 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Eu 
 
 RER RÉ er = 
 7 TS 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 120 
 
 EE enene _ _ er - . mis 
 
 h RO D A D MCE RAIN EE DEEE 
 
 There are few States of the American Union in which the increase of 
 population has been so rapid as in Canada, taken as a whole, within a 
 LE few‘years, and not one in which it reaches so high a figure as in Upper 
 40 Canada. 1 shall give here a table showing the proportionate increase of 
 
 DE | : = ; 
 } | Canada and the United States during ten years : 
 ru 4 
 A {| - Population of United States, 1840............ ‘0016.66 6 TRS 
 1 Do do 1850... AA . 28,091,488 
 Œ! : 
 | + ; Increase 35 per cent. 
 14 Population of Canada, 1841.40... see 1,090 000 
 l1 : ; ) 
 | | Do He ls A re ex CDINO 
 EU E Increase 69 per cent. 
 NE Population of Upper Canada, Ts PNR ee CU 
 4 Do do TOO son erane ne voi OUT 
 Eu | 
 j 4 Increase 104 per cent. 
 Û 
 | | o | 2: . nr 
 According to the Return from the two Lunatic Asylums of Toronto 
 Ji and Quebec, there were in 1851 : 
 In Upper Canada .........................0s 288 Lunatics. 
 MONT Te 0 08 dodo docs con ecossvecee des ee ee 150 
 NOÉ 46 5 0 se ronvso cesser PET are et ic 100 
 | | k | 
 tel In Lower Canada .........eesosvsesseces. 1 53 Lunatics. 
 : 
 1 LPS PP PE PRE PER EE ELLE CE ....….. 80 
 44 | Woinet és es. RTE NE es à 6: 5 TE OR F 
 The nu nber of criminals imprisoned in the Penitentiary, 890 
 For Upper Canada.......sssseresessesenseerrene 256 
 For Lower Canada... .......... ÉÉer Rened  e es Ve ve cn) 06 108 
 I shall now proceed to give a very long catalogue of almost all the 
 trades and professions, practised in the Country, with the number of persons 
 employed, give a separate statement for each Section of the Province. 
 HE | This table is better calculated than anything else, to shew the amount of 
 \ 4 our industry, and to instruct the emigrant and capitalist, when compared 
 #: with the other statements contained in this sketch. Some notes which ac- 
 
 company it, will point out to those desirous of becoming acquainted with the 
 Industrial condition of the Country, the best use to be made ofit. It may 
 ae be as well to remark that these data touching the employments of the people 
 |: À are not mathematically correct. The incomplete manner in which this 
 
om = puce . re me . _ - 
 = ù . « qq gt, 
 
 A —————————————— 
 
 part of the census was performed by those who were entrusted with the 
 duty in 1851, has rendered the labour of correction extremely onerous :— 
 This list may however be very useful. 
 
 Alphabelical Table of the personal census of Canada, as regards trades, 
 professions and useful employments. 
 
 Upper Canada, Lower Canada, 
 
 Agents, Brokers and Auctioneers...,...,.. 281 228 
 Apothevaries ds 4 « à à su.010:8 018 0 61016 01610 à 108 26 
 Artists of all kinds, Architects, Sculp- ; 
 
 tone, MO 5 déc se RS Ne à 218 259 
 PR see del oo 53 21 
 SUPVEYOTS se 0 0 Sao és aa us 102 76 
 Barristers and Attorneys............... 302 213 
 Hotel and Tavern Keepers.,.......:.s. 1,772 443 
 Stevedores, .... doetéerst-5 ss NT é 163 
 HÉROS LOU ee env e sas «SN 32 11 
 RIRIP OGM OR. -… cosseesinen ts et ER 94 30 
 Jewellers, watch and clock makers...... 200 147 
 Butchers . His ter Loti n 600 474 
 Bakers.. .scssstrs eetie ss 462 590 
 Shopkeepers + : + °° + se soso PRE EN à 435 590 
 Brewers and Distillers. .., ...0.. 0.4 440 74 
 Brick-makers and Potters.........,.... 92 50 
 Caulkers, Rope-makers, Block-makers and 
 
 DA IRON ce so eeee e ne .0 0e: ceci 125 226 
 Wookcardets. 00: 00908 ut na 12 94 
 Carriage-makers and Wheelwrights...,.., 1,789 584 
 Chair, Cabinet-makers, and Upholsterers. . 1,258 379 
 EP PO : 113 68 
 Shipwrights, Carpenters, Joïners, &c..... 8,367 8,923 
 Coachmen, Cabmen, and Carters........ 3,400 3,500 
 Collectors'and Agents....,....s..evs 13 60 
 Pedlars. . ..éroiste sine crie 240 67 
 Merchants ...... se RE TERRE … 20 51 
 Clerks in General. ...s.s ses sveenessrv 3,242 2,376 
 Méhountants :...s vestes 88 62 
 Etractorsiisits ss. sms RER OS 718 600 
 Confectioners .....+. nome redes ves . 86 76 
 Constables, Bailiffs, &c......,,.,,..., EE 185 90 
 Boot and Shoe-makers....,.. v'ésee ÉUis 5,898 3,069 
 
 Farmers and Householders..,..,,.,..,.,. 86,224 78,264 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 DER cc. AN hé DR 9 SA RE 
 Clergy ....... ess 
 Editors and Booksellers. ..... vs... 
 
 Grocers 0 +. 1... 
 Sub-contractors, for supplying timber..... 
 
 Manufacturers (general)............... 
 Tinstniths 5e ones sesensse scoos coe 
 Bounders ..44%. 00 05000. RSA 
 Blacksmiths. so. soooso soso esse 
 Hotel-keepers ........ 
 Printers .....ssssssosesssesessss ss 
 Working Engineers ...s....sssssssesse 
 
 6 000 0. 
 
 Primary School Teachers....,........... 
 Qullers”... M... 00) sas 
 Gardeners ...,.... PUPS BIT ELITE PT 
 
 Farm Labourers, (not proprietors) ....... 
 Masons and Plasterers. ... .essse esse 
 Machinists ... 
 Tradesmen. css soso soso osese 
 Seamen, Fishermen and coasting Pilots... 
 Mechanies and daily Labourers, (not classi- 
 
 Un scans 
 Physicians and Surgeons....,.-........ 
 Millers ..... NPD PTE TENTE. PERTE 
 Wholesale dealers 
 Notaries .....: 
 Artificers in Metals, Copper, Lead, &c... 
 English Military Pensioners ............ 
 Ship-painters. esse sesseessonees te 
 Dealers in Ashes. ... s.ssosssseresussse 
 Professors of Universities, Colleges and 
 
 Members of Learned Professions, (not 
 
 included above. ...sessessssssesee 
 Book-binders.......+e + 
 Private Gentlemen... ss.sss esse. 
 House Servants......,.. 
 Saddlers. .... 
 Pilors suis maiaaRrris cu isvo sit) 
 Farmers ... 
 Weavers.... ssS 560 
 Coopers. «ue serve sors sesseesess see 
 Veterinary Surgeons and Farriers....... 
 
 000 00000 00 + 
 
 +. 0... © 
 
 36 
 963 
 83 
 475 
 3,000 
 771 
 433 
 471 
 4,235 
 319 
 500 
 337 
 2,422 
 
 ls) 
 o 
 
 279 
 18,584 
 6,909 
 685 
 2,600 
 5,000 
 
 20,000 
 382 
 
 80 
 
 51 
 1,116 
 3,180 
 873 
 2,662 
 561 
 1,738 
 1,935 
 46 
 
 620 
 76 
 
 529 
 3,000 
 346 
 323 
 403 
 2,840 
 247 
 400 
 224 
 2,000 
 73 
 
 142 
 63,365 
 1,316 
 272 
 2000, 
 8,000 
 
 600 
 
 150 
 40 
 3,870 
 5,559 
 273 
 671 
 532 
 166 
 418 
 20 
 
123 
 
 
 
 
 
 We have shewn that the population of Upper Canada in 1851 was 
 952,004, and of Lower Canada 890,261. The above Tables, which have 
 been taken from the census of 1851, and which refer to the employment 
 of Males only, give 260,000 for Upper Canada, and 220,000 for Lower 
 Canada in round numbers. Now this is as nearly as possible the exact 
 Male population from 15 to 65 years of age, for each of the sections of the 
 Province. 
 
 À comparison being made between the amount of the whole population 
 of each Division of Canada, and that of the adult population, it will be 
 seen, that the number of adults is, comparatively speaking, far greater in 
 Upper than in Lower Canada ; this arises from the fact that the French 
 Canadian population increase only by the excess of births over deaths, 
 while in Upper Canada the increase is swelled by immigration. 
 
 While on this subject it may be well to give a statement of the inhabi- 
 tants of Canada classified according to their ages, which cannot fail to be 
 interesting to the attentive observer, and from which many interesting facts 
 as to the fluctuation of the population may be deduced. 
 
 Number of persons of both sexes in Upper and Lower Canada. 
 
 Ages, Upper Canada. Lower Canada. 
 Less than 1.year. «es te sscusc sans 0 DR 39,686 
 Pro T 10 D VERTE... . cres ssvosmtess 1013000 127,050 
 EE NOTE nee cru socece sv: OT SD 115,035 
 COS TOREMEMPANS 6.0 “HER 104,639 
 do 1516 20'years........ eve ose 100,053 102,564 
 do” 2040 00'VORIS. ss soc e: 106,808 148,710 
 do. 30 to 40 years. ... ss.seososuse 108,992 94,781 
 40" 40 0 00 VAI: ss Sade too ce ONDES 65,795 
 do 50 to 60 years...... Nat itiees T'ON 43,648 
 do 60 to 70 years... ue. nee, de ve 20,866 24,095 
 do 70 to 80 years... reseau ts 7,156 11,084 
 do 80 to 90 veammesase sure. 1,746 3,030 
 do ‘90 10 F00 Va era 225 407 
 do 100 upwards..... RÉ AR TTL OLRE 20 38 
 Ages not given, fromerror....,..,.,.,. 8,310 9,699 
 
 We must here observe that the social position of the people in Upper 
 and Lower Canada is widely different, In the former a disposition to 
 spread themselves overthe country and a system of division of labour prevails 
 among the people, in consequence of which, the city population, although 
 nearly equal in the two sections, in Lower Canada is collected in only a 
 few localities, but in Upper Canada it is dispersed through a large number 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 sine: F : = 
 a EE 
 
 RS = eZ M 2 menton 2 
 … a = RS — = A 
 
 — ds 
 Lu 
 
 à To y 00iln ca 
 
 124 
 
 ——— ————_——— — _ rm 
 
 rm nt _ _ pe 
 
 of small towns. This arises from the difference of character of the pre- 
 dominant race in each section; France and the French originally settled 
 Canada East, England and the English, Canada West. 
 EE LE | In the numbers of 29,000 for each section of the Province, classed in 
 | LE | the table of occupations and as artisans and daily labourers, (generally,) is 
 À! comprised all that versatile class of men who are alternately hewers of 
 | wood or hunters in the forests, sailors or fishermen, ship carpenters, or 
 | artisans of every description, in the shop or the manufactory, and who 
 4. change their trade with the seasons, or as any particular kind of employ- 
 4 | i ment is in most demand. 
 1 | It must be understood that the number of mariners in the preced- 
 Li ing tables applies only to those who man the vessels of our inland or 
 | [h coasting trade, as all sea-going ships are almost exclusively manned by 
 
 British sailors. 
 
 À 
 | i 4 
 A M | 2 
 FA AGRICULTURAL CENSUS. 
 
 The following extracts are from the census tables of 1851 :— 
 
 The total number of acres of land in the hands of different proprietors, 
 17,939,796 * acres. 
 
 | Of which in Upper Canada:........... 9,826,417 acres. 
 ‘Ta do Hé Canadi se soso. ::85118,879: do: 
 4 L'ddiér COLIS AMONT: noces e 0 0 6412 7800,889:2 0: 
 
 Of which in Upper Canada .............  3,695,7638 do. 
 do Lower Canada......coes eve 83,605,076 . do. 
 
 Of the whole amount, there are, lands 
 covered with wood. ss... senc 10,638,957 do. 
 
 In Upper Canada. ......ssees soosossee 6,130,654 do. 
 In Lower Canada... oo sose cesse :4,500,808 do. 
 
 Which gives a mean for each person of 10 acres, 4 cultivated, 6 woodland ; 
 this average is now exceeded, as acquisitions of land and the extent cleared 
 | ; increase in far greater proportion than the population. 3 
 
 {1 The approximate value of all the lands in the hands of different parties 
 is in round numbers, £67,000,000, currency. 
 
 a ——— 
 
 
 
 
 
 N Li TEE 
 
 # The acre is rather larger than the arpent, about an eleventh more, and rather less than half a 
 
 hectare being 0.404.671 hectares. 
 
. re <2 ee 
 ee =. à 
 "a = v sue Zn EL es a 1 
 
 ne ti md a à td min - _ us ie À es — rpm Re ge À a émet me at, vale mt 
 
 
 
 ” 125 
 For Upper Canada, és se ste ss. £$37,000,000 
 For Lower Canada... ....,.,........,,,,.. 80,000,000 
 
 The number of land holders in 1851, was 195,688, the average amount 
 in possession of each holder was about 92 acres, and the mean value 
 of each lot, £340, currency, in round numbers, shewing an approximate 
 
 mean value of £3 143, currency, for each acre of land, half cultivated 
 and half in wood. 
 
 The lands is divided in the following manner among the holders : 
 
 In Upper Canada : 
 
 ON lande alert rad en UT Ce NC DER 
 Holders’ of 10 acres and under. 55e. 9,976 
 do 10 10 20 as ess saute sos ss ses 0: 1,889 
 do  20to 30........ RE (ART isa DeE8.487 
 do DO F0 adore st Se RU 48,027 
 
 do 100 to 200... tsar er io 
 do over DU cd ss des SUR 3,120 
 
 
 
 
 
 99,900 
 Lower Canada: 
 
 Net. NN RSS S ES LS 95,823 
 
 do DE 10 across ondes. rs vé essaie: 13,261 
 
 do 4: 2 : À 277 2 l'ENA PRE Te Dan 3,074 
 
 do OL DO PO OO EN Ed 5 0 Le 60 eo Torre 17,409 
 
 do ON SOA Sr rr Séries AN avt 37,885 
 
 do GE 100 10 200 sed or eve FU +... 18,608 
 
 do of over 2006. ON OURS 
 
 94,822 
 
 In 1851, the lands in Upper Canada were : 
 
 2,274,146 acres ploughed. 
 1,365,556 ‘  pasture. 
 55,461 “ gardens. 
 
 In Lower Canada : 
 
 2,072,953 acres ploughed. 
 1,502,355 “. pasture. 
 30,209 _‘“ _gardens. 
 
 
 
NU 
 
 
 
 126 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 = 
 ue 
 
 = EEE 
 KE = _ = — _ ttes titi | 
 
 The following table will shew the yield of different kinds of produce 
 in Upper and 1 Lower. Cansds : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (| 
 buse “E BUSHELS. 
 | PRODUCE. L_ dédié 
 | A UPPER CANADA. | LOWER CANADA. 
 
 Wheat facts er 12,675,603 |  3,480,348 
 de: memes | 625355 | 764,144 | 
 
 Déte n n, LIEN RET LEMO ICI 10.248,679 | 
 
 Dos 2 us race ANR AG 1,351,074 | 
 
 Indian Corn... 1,686,441 | 343,103 
 1 LIT NI E | 479,615 | 390,220 | 
 | Buck-wheat…..........…. | 639,264 | 580,417 || 
 | Potatoes….…....….!  4,987,475 | 5,092,698 | 
 (l k 
 
 It must be borne i in til that ‘although the amounts in this T able are 
 given in bushels, the returns from Lower Canada were made in minot 
 which are an eighth larger than a bushel, so that to shew a fair proportion, 
 an eighth & should be added tothe Lower Canada produce (1). Upper Canada 
 raises most wheat, most Indian-corn, and most peas ; Lower Canada most 
 
 barley, most oats, and most potatoes. 
 Table ex mbitNg amounts of other produce. 
 
 7 DM LE 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
 UPPER CANADA. 
 
 
 
 | PRODUCE AND MEASURES. LOWER CANADA. | 
 | 
 | 
 
 | Pois. 07 se: 681,782 965,653 | 
 | Pounds of hemp and _. 50,650 1,867,016 | 
 Yards of linen rss s Eèvnec] 14,995 | 889,52: | 
 Yards of flannel ........….. | 1.828.633 1,836,964 
 | 
 Pounds of maple sugar. 5 3,981,505 6,190,694 | 
 Gtallons of cider si 701,612 53,327 
 Pounds of tobacco .....… 764,476 488,652 
 
 
 
 
 
 —_—_—_—— cc — ——————… on 
 
 D na in st 
 (1) The author has not time to make these calculations. 
 
 (2) The ton of hay weighs 20 cwis. 
 
 
 
 
 
ss 127 
 —_—— EE ————_—EE———————— 
 
 Table of the number of Cattle. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | Hotsbs::.. = Re 203,300 | 182,077 | 
 | FAR ETS 968,022 | 629,827 | 
 P* | Draught oxen ….. ......... 193,982 111,819 | 
 | Young cattle...… RATE] 254,988 | 180,317 | 
 Ego 2. RAT NI |. 296,924 |: 294514 | 
 | Lo PaT re CE RTE. 569,257 256,219 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 | 
 
 F Ses | 
 
 It would be impossible to give a detailed statement of the agricultural 
 produce, we shall, however, give the aggregate annual value, of a large 
 number of articles quoted from the returns of 1851. 
 
 Total Value of all grain... ...sssssssse € 5,624,268 Cy. 
 
 do CA ss us SRE LINE 10,947,53 
 do of the following articles : 
 
 Hay, seeds, hemp, flax, hops, wool, tobacco, 
 SR RS rene se vos donese cases. 060 012 
 
 Total value of the following : 
 
 Butter, cheese, cider, flannel, linen, salt 
 ROGNE SRIt MF. ecussssemrovece: N° LORORRE 
 
 Total value of potatoes......,.,... 630,011 
 
 The following are the prices assigned to different articles in 1851, on 
 which to found an estimate ; all these articles have increased enormous|y 
 in price, still these tables may be assumed as a guide to the mean prices 
 of the articles contained in it for large quantities of middling quality and 
 inferior, for average years. 
 
 MOPMGS.. ce coco co OR iatao di É die 0 cy. 
 AT PNR PE Ce | TRE NES 8 15 0 
 RE ans dd chili ice sos es 6 0 0 
 Von anttle us sx romande 1 10 0 
 MUEBD Sa se. ft se do vie leo os disais QG Eee 1 ÈÇA DE 
 PR tisse k O0 0 
 
 
 
…— 
 
 em _— sv 
 
 — 
 
 —-— = ÉMESERRE NT Eee — — ere se == x 
 rue SR nee RAR A F _ 725 
 
 "OR. 
 L ES 
 Em pere qe mr 
 . Es ‘ " 
 « _ t— ==... Æ 3 = Lx 
 
 
 
 = E + 7. 
 = —— EP es mes ne - : 
 > en < = = —_— — — = — me 
 ET om à SOS RE EE ere ire es 
 A Re FE nee Pa à = À 
 
 EE Em 5 
 
 128 
 
 | 
 Le 
 | 
 
 nt —_—— — —__—— - _ —— 
 rentrée ES rt 
 
 Wheat per bushel .......esessssessesssesee 
 Dress rires eee rer 
 DAT... canine ANNE reprenne" 
 LT aan re ed ECO PACA LR ETES Sc 
 idiansCOP ts see sors essor soon nee 
 TS MÉOT TR TT |: LENCO LUE Rd ee 
 DOMIDERN VA TR ess verre ss eve remet 
 NS ES LR La dl Rnb 
 Hay (per ton) .esosevooososoose sonsesseese 
 Hemp and flax per Ib .........+.essesesesse. 
 Hops MO sara uss cerssvss ven 
 Wool VRP EVEREST DETTE TERRE 
 Tobacco AD TT evene oo, 010 0 2 
 Sugar (Maple) do s+-scsoseseseresseeseere 
 Butter do .sssrsoososse déesse 
 Cheese (Country)}do ......sesssesssssesess. 
 Cider do per gallon .......essssress 
 Flannel do per yard «se sesessesssesse 
 Coarse Linen do" res états et 
 Salt beef, per barrel.........e.sessessssesse 
 Salt pork, do TT TR Res 26 V8. 8R 
 
 Et 
 0060 mO © © 1m 0 0 = 0 à À 
 
 Hu © Smet 0 sec 00e %e 
 Savovait ess ps sm Se 0oCeme | 
 
 OS © Ai Ù © 
 
 pl fond 
 
 The total value of the articles of produce detailed herem amounts to 
 £24,068,765 currency. 
 
 For Upper Canadé 4.6: RE € à ….. £13,822,863 cy. 
 do Lower Canada .... esse. 10,245,902 
 
 To this again is to be added the value of certain other articles, such 
 as, poultry, egos, fruit, honeÿ, and vegetables. We should also place to 
 the credit of Lower Canada, the revenue arising from the oil, and skins of 
 cetaceous animals, and from fish taken in the Gulf, amounting to about 
 £1,000,000 ; and another sum of about £250,000, the value of furs obtained 
 principally in the Saguenay territory. 
 
 It must be observed that the growth of wheat has lately been subjected to 
 two destructive scourges, which however, are now disappearing ; the 
 Hessian fly, which has devastated the whole of Lower Canada, and the 
 weevil in some parts of Upper Canada. 
 
 The amount cf wood exported will be found below, in the paragraph on 
 commercial statistics, it reaches £2,000,000 currency, in round numbers, and 
 we may put down the whole produce of the forests, home and foreign con- 
 sumption included, at #3,000,000 curreney : Lower Canada supplying 
 more timber than Upper Canada. 
 
 
 
 
 
129 
 
 Po ne ee 
 ee nn En nee À 
 
 oo 
 
 
 
 If we stop for a moment to compare the produce of Canada with 
 that of the States, it will be seen that the two countries are on nearly an 
 equal footing in proportion to their population, but that Canada has the 
 advantage, as to the amount of produce in proportion to the land under 
 cultivation, which shows in Canada, more recent settlements taken as a 
 
 whole, but à more genial soil, and a greater amount of natural re- 
 
 sources, 
 
 Population of the States in 1851 .....,..,,.,.... 23263488 
 Do Gaia 0 40) inst A SES 1,842,265 
 
 Acres occupied in the States... eee... 803,078,970 
 do do Canada. ......,....,,......17,939796 
 
 Value of the articles detailed above, less the forest 
 produce for the States... ..,.....,...,,.,..£339239,558 
 Foi Canatas in se SNS A RE RER 24,068,765 
 
 Which gives for Canada rather more than £13 cy. per head, and for 
 
 ‘the United States £14 cy. a head; but if we add to the produce of the 
 
 United States the other articles of their production, and also add to the 
 Canada returns, the productions of the woods and the fisheries, the devel- 
 opment of which employs in Canada so much larger a proportion of 
 hands, (vide table of trades, &c., number of labourers and lumbermen,) 
 then the balance would be much in favor of Canada, 
 
 Thé most evident proof of this assertion is, that the produce of cultiva- 
 ted land in Canada amounts to 24s. per acre, while in the United States it 
 does not exceed 225, 
 
 
 
 3. 
 
 STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. 
 ‘ 
 
 Upper Canada is much better provided with common elementary 
 Schools than Lower Canada; but Lower Canada contains a greater 
 number of collegiate and classical institutions. The following tables 
 give the enumeration for the year 1853: 
 
 For Upper Canada : 
 
 Numbers, Pupils. 
 COMOR ess sscoreéneses se des de 8 751 
 PTS LA ete FPS NS 2 545 
 Grarimar:Schools....,...,.:% 5 6e 2,900 
 Common Schools. .., ss... + :3,010 180,000 
 
 I 
 
 
 

 
 ———— me 2 = <a 
 
 EE ——— = ÊTES “ 
 MEET RP mn eme 
 DR es ae en a a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 nee 
 er 
 SALES use CLS ES 
 
 
 
 
 
 ee 
 —————————— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Enr 
 
 
 
 For Lower Canada : 
 
 
 
 | Li | University +. o errors eee 1 400 
 ED | Colleges. » sesssosseneeneonessssese 10 2,000 
 
 | | Academies, Convents’ and Friars’ Schools. 100 20,000 
 | j Common Schools. ....essosssssssss 2,300 100,000 
 
 1 } 
 
 | | The Laval University, the seat of which is at Quebec, requires à 
 special notice, from the peculiar privileges secured to it by Royal Char- 
 ter, from the number of its Professors of the Sciences, Medicine, Law, 
 &c., the number of its students, and the valuable collection of books, 6 
 ks of art and philosophical instruments, which it contains. This 
 
 1 wor 
 di institution is nOW the Alma Mater for classical studies, of the youthful 
 
 EU ( : ee 
 | A population of French origin. 
 
 | à We have stated above, that literary associations, scientific and me- 
 all the towns and in many country places, 
 
 1} 1 chanics’ institutions, exist in 
 on } . . ° « . 
 || and that public libraries are à useful ornament in nearly every township 
 
 if | 
 EUR | and parish. Besides these sources of instruction there are about 100 
 1 publications in the shape of periodicals and political newspapers, of which 
 
 about thirty are published in Lower and the remainder in Uppeé#Canada. 
 
 We shall here give some statistical information respecting the clergy, 
 
 taking first in order the most numerous, those of the Roman Catholic 
 
 Church.* 
 
 The British Provinces of North America are comprised in one Provincial 
 | à Catholic Archbishopric, of which Quebec, where the Councils meet, is 
 
 f the See. 
 d | ‘ : : , 
 | This clergy in Canada is composed of the Archbishop of Quebec, eight 
 
 Bishops and 607 Priests. 
 À The Church of England has four Bishops and 252 ministering cler- 
 
 men. 
 The other Protestant communities, reckon 895 ministers, and divide 
 
 Canada into Districts, Presbyteries, &c., for the convenience of their 
 
 different Churches. 
 
 
 
 4, 
 | JE | 
 HAN à PUBLIC WORKS, 
 il Our great Publie Works, completed or in progress, are of various 
 kinds. 
 
 om 
 
 Fit : 
 | h°FttUE # Norx.—This information should be inserted under this title, because the Clergy are not 
 only the expounders of morality, but because, in Lower Canada at least, they have identified 
 themselves with education, which has been carried out under their sole auspices. 
 
- 
 
 ni 
 poser SAR. PESrt 
 
 - = — ÉRERRES tir : Re ee 
 
 131 
 
 
 
 me 
 
 
 
 The first of these which present themselves to the notice of the stranger 
 on entering the Gulf of St. Lawrence, are the Light-houses, which com- 
 prise two distinct classes; those in the lower part of the river, which 
 are the least numerous, but of a superior and expensive kind, and those 
 in the interior, from Quebec to the Western Lakes. 
 
 The total cost of the first has been about £60,000 cy., of the latter 
 £90,000 cy. 
 
 The first class are placed as follows, to the number of seven: two on 
 the Island of Anticos’'i; one on the Point des Monts, in the County of 
 Tadousac ; one on the little Island of Bicquet, County of Rimouski: one 
 on Green Island ; one on Red Island, County of Temiscouata, and one on 
 the Pillars, County of L’Islet, Those on Bicquet and the Pillars have re- 
 volving lights, and that on Bicquet is provided with a 35-pounder, which 
 is fired every half hour in foggy weather. 
 
 These Light-houses, from their great solidity and style of building, are 
 perfect monuments. 
 
 There is also a floating light in the St. Roch traverse, opposite the 
 County of L’Islet. 
 
 Four new light-houses are in course of construction ; two in the Straits 
 of Belle Isle, one on Anticosti, and another at Point Gaspé, all of which it 
 is intended to light with Frenel’s lanterns. 
 
 The light-houses for the benefit of the inland navigation are too 
 numerous 10 describe, some of them are on floating barges. 
 
 The second class of public works are the artificial harbours the total 
 cost of which has been £450,000 CYy. 
 
 There are seven in Lower Canada, the aggregate cost of which was 
 about £150,000 cy. including the light-houses erected on them; some of 
 them are not quite complete. . The others are nearly all in Upper Canada : 
 their cost has amounted to about £300,000 CY. 
 
 Our Canals, including the Rideau, form a complete route of communica- 
 tion ; the total cost amounts to £5,085,000 currency, distributed as follows : 
 
 Rides CR Ras os es ETES. à £1,500,000 CY. 
 Welland do 000% sossee ss cese es cccce 1,500,000 
 
 Gallops do:sssr eee et mi ie si 300,000 
 Cornwall do SR Re ri sun 400,000 
 Beauharnois.…. do sn ie: 600,000 
 AAMONINE" C0 * “ace nsse 480,000 
 CR DIV OO. ces TR MNES te tes sn: 140,000 
 CR RP EDR. 552 SAR EST Dans esse 27,000 
 PR ou 25 DB E Siemens 23,000 
 DORA Canal. :: Ven, NS res 30,000 
 
 Burlington do 00 0000 00,000... 850,000 
 
 
 
er eng a —— LS pére camera gipn . 
 4 ee ve a ae — = - z DE. Lie ed 2 
 2 4 
 
 meer — MES 
 
 pu CE : > — == tte 
 
 — tirs. _— = — = nédisatess 
 ET GE PR D QT RE ———— : 
 
 
 
 —— Se ——_——_m… = 2 
 = = —— 
 Éd ne rt = = 
 
 —— rt EEE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 RE 
 
 In addition to the above sums we have laid out £89,000 for deepening 
 11 Lake St. Peter; £15,000 for improving the Rapids, and have effected a loan of 
 HE À £84,000 for improvements on the Grand River. All these latter works 
 (a h à are completed. The Gallops, Cornwall, Beauharnois and Lachine Canals, 
 11) L | are known as the St. Lawrence Canals, on account of their forming a 
 {| distinct system intended for the navigation of large vessels, the locks 
 l he | being of large dimensions and capable of receiving vessels of 400 tons 
 | burthen. * 
 
 Slides for bringing down wood in our large rivers, have been built on a 
 vast scale on the Rivers Ottawa, St. Maurice and Trent ; their total cost 
 amounts to £150,000. 
 
 The expenses of completing first class roads, with well built bridges 
 
 | | have amounted altogether to £798,000 currency. 
 l 
 ll | For Upper Canada............. te éééte nie. éat 0 2080, 00027: 
 JE For Lower Canada ....s.ssssese RP PR ee 
 À ll 
 FU | The total amount expended on the above mentioned Publie Works in 
 ai Canada will stand as follows, viz: 
 Light Houses...e.eossessesessecesresseee £ 150,000 cy. 
 Harbours and Wharves ................ es. 450,000 
 Canals DÉS RS Cd e bee des re Rues 20 RP ARS 5,085,000 
 1 À Deepening the Channels of Rivers ......... 182,000 
 À MAR ea uoseoeonoess sp mpe MANN 01e 010 150,000 
 
 SIA Roads. sscmssonmessenvpessomps ets, eee 798.000 
 
 
 
 Total ..ss.s ose. see £6,515,000 
 
 From this is, however, to be deducted the sum of £1,500,000 currency, 
 the cost of the Rideau Canal, expended by the English Military Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 The revenue derived from all these works by the Province is alreaÏy 
 large and is increasing rapidly every year. 
 
 Below is a statement of the above Revenue from 1848: 
 
 all à Te OT PNR 
 1 RE LL Lee 0 8 460 PAT DE 
 fl Rens 2 OS 
 CR TT ere 0 ARR Ce it, 
 A El 18% EE cassis de RE 
 
 | | LAS os same nc etat sie PT 
 
 
 
133 
 
 
 
 en ——…. RÉ ttes oo 
 np eneemrent otages qe Éd 
 
 Private Companies, which without having the monopoly, have however, 
 peculiar emoluments from the Government, maintain à regular line of tow 
 boats ; in return for this advantage, their charge for towage is fixed at a 
 certain rate which they cannot exceed on pain of forfeiture of their con- 
 tract. 
 
 Ocean lines of large screw steamers, make regular passages between 
 Liverpool and Quebec in the summer, and between Liverpool and Portland 
 (State of Maine,) in the winter. The owners receive pecuniary encour- 
 agement on conditions calculated to serve the public interests: 
 
 We will now devote our attention to Railroad Statistics. There are now 
 in Canada, about 3,060 miles of Railroad altogether, either projected, in 
 progress or completed, without including the long contemplated line from 
 Trois Pistoles to Halifax by the Bay of Chaleurs, which would make 
 Halifax in Nova Scotia, our great winter port, and would form a com- 
 plete line of communication from the Gulf to the Western extremity of 
 the Province, side by side with our great inland navigation, and most 
 effectually supplying its loss during the winter months. 
 
 Our Railroads, of which we have given the total length, are at present 
 in the condition shewn below as regards their progress towards completion, 
 which has advanced rapidly since the completion of the Canals. 
 
 Coinplete 5 ANR NN CONTRE 
 LPPAOBEUS . ui de LS NTI, 2110 fé du 
 CHARONOd- LE N Es Nos ee NUS SE AS 
 
 
 
 Fliemeset ours TE 3,060 
 
 It would be difficult to give the average cost of our finished railroads 
 but we may assert, taking into account the high price of labour and 
 materials, that it would be impossible to build a first-class road, ([ mean 
 as compared with American roads, which are generally a single track, and 
 the finish and solidity of which are inferior to the English and French 
 roads,) for less than from Æ£9,500 to £10,000 currency per mile, 
 unless under most favourable circumstances as regards locality, pecuniary 
 facilities and management. 
 
 Ï shall now give a statement of the average cost per mile of some roads 
 or parts of roads, quite completed, the amounts being in round numbers 
 and in French currency : 
 
 Grand Trunk....,...,.... 217 miles. 190,000 francs. £ 9,500 ey. 
 
 Great Western .......... 228... 220,000 11,000 
 Ontario and Simcoe...,.... 66 ‘ 150,000 ‘ 7,500 ‘° 
 Buffalo and Goderich.....,. 75 % 100,000 5,000 « 
 
 Total length......887 miles. 
 
 
 

 
 (fl 
 (el 
 ' 
 
 
 
 e— me ——_—_—_— — M 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 tr 
 
 The average cost as exhibited by this table is £8250 currency pet mile, 
 that is taking each road to represent the whole, but when the length of 
 each route or the total cost ‘4 taken into account, then the mean cost rises 
 to £9,300 per mile. 
 
 The three first of the above mentioned roads, viz.: the Grand Trunk, 
 the Great Western, and the Simcoe, have each a share of the Provincial 
 guarantee, that is to sa}, the Provincial Government secures 10 the share- 
 holders of the Companies the repayment of a certain part of the capital 
 laid out in the construction of the roads, should the speculation not prove 
 remunerative, and as a security for the money thus advanced, the Gov- 
 ernment becomes a privileged crediter by a mortgage on the whole property 
 of the Company. Should the road pay, and the investment prove profitable 
 tothe Shareholders, then the latter are bourd to make payment of the deben- 
 tures issued in their favor and in circulation in the money market. In this 
 case the province has nothing to pay; but in the opposite case the province 
 would have to redeem their debentures and become proprietor till the 
 amount of their loan was made good. By a law which regulates this 
 transaction, the amount which the Executive is empowered to secure to 
 each company, islimited. The total length of the three roads to which this 
 
 guarantee bas been accorded, is 1,434 miles. 
 
 The maximum amount of debentures which the Province can be called 
 upon, first to issue, and afterwards, to pay in part, should the Company 
 become losers, has been fixed at £5,000,000, currency. 
 
 The capital invested in our railroads when the 3,060 miles are completed 
 may be set down at £16,000,000, currency, the capital now employed 
 amounts to about six millions Currency. 
 
 To the £16,000,000, above mentioned, is to be added £1,500,000, the 
 probable cost of building the Victoria Bridge over the St. Lawrence. 
 
 5. 
 
 FINANCE» 
 
 The revenue of the province for the disbursements of 1854, amounted 
 to, £1,423,520, currency, or about £1,250,000, currency, net. 
 The expenses of the civil list, including the “expenses of collecting the 
 revenue in 1854, amounted to £#939,534, Currency" The unexpended 
 balance this year has been appropriated to the public works which were 
 either in progress or newly commenced. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 a —————_—_——— 
 
 Customs...... és serv resvis codes 25 RL ES OO0 
 RL 2 le NAT ee 7e RE Te PS 20,000 
 Dark FNDORES See dc sat  PITUER 25,000 
 PO VON de DR LUE, à US PT 100,000 
 NUINES PIRE innove Re Un à CES 4,020 
 Casual Revenue ..... sé ne DORÉ SSL ENTER 20,000 
 LAN Po6 FU ss ir ere 4,500 
 Territorial; 2. Les UT Let TS LT 100,000 
 
 Below is given a statement of the revenue for 1849, to shewthe im- 
 provement that has been made since that year, in which we entered into 
 those great financial speculations, which were the means of relieving us 
 from the burthen imposed on our money market by the great public works 
 which being unfinished yielded no return. 
 
 Revenue of 1849 : 
 
 LUMIOENS «eee «ve 0 de en COS + £450,000 
 Public Works........ A TE A 
 Excise ee Da d  S RNS 30,000 
 sarriorial and Gther sen au ds venir 44,640 
 
 574,640 
 
 The Government has no bank of its own, the revenue is deposited as 
 soon as received, in the public banks, and yields a certain amount of inter- 
 est, when the Minister of Finance has decided on not withdrawing the 
 monies for a stated time ; in that case a consolidated fund is Erebd, 
 which remains in the bablgrs? hauds, who pay interest at the rate of four 
 per cent. till the money is required,in which case sixty days’ notice of 
 withdrawal must be given ; sums are occasionally deposited for a stated 
 period, but these cases are exceptions. Thus in 1854, on the 1st October, 
 we had the following amounts at disposal : 
 
 Bank of England..............................  Æ 2929 cy. 
 Glyn, Mills & Co:, LOdoR nrEss à. 12,623 
 
 Baring Brothers, 1 D PA NN PNR ENRSENESTERRE 1,890 
 é Bank of Upper Canada... Mossns dore este secte So CSS OS 
 ANE--1Montrenl JS UE cn TO ARR 8,575 
 Dozz-« North Americas sui. ses Gui. re 6088 
 
 Peoples Dank.. sis eus LIANT ES 59,573 
 x Midland District Bank....,..... 43, eau. * 111,783 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 2 
 . 
 “à 
 ; 
 
 it 
 1 
 ( 
 
 Je 
 
 = STE TT 
 
 | pod 
 C9 
 [es » 
 
 
 
 — EE es 
 certe a 
 
 RER ALL LRO GE — bare æ = 
 | 
 | 
 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 {| 
 Il 
 [| 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 l 
 
 Quebec Bank ......…. dis themes de ep 1,271 
 Montreal Savings, Bank ... ..........osese oosse.. 11,000 
 PB 15. 50 SIC IE IRNTU RS ht ere 11.085 
 City Bank... sos semssessosecesesseese 40,586 
 
 DEEE 
 
 Er ESS Er 
 
 = Lu 
 ps 
 ns 
 3m tt 
 
 a 
 
 DE zu 
 —cmgele + 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 } 
 41 Motal:.seses2s ie dénonce. 225,098 cy: 
 ui | | 
 Ë | | | The interest paid on deposits was : 
 mn) ! | 
 à | j Pot 1800. à ET ni dS a 8 à di à CS oi LD ARR RE 
 EE À For 1953.....sosessscressensiiressesteorrvesnese 10,208 
 | 1 The Grand Provincial statement of our finances, shewed their state to be 
 | | fé as follows on the 1st of August, 1854 : 
 1 | Debit side. 
 | JL Dial workers Titus ec setosserds RONOVA SU 
 | ll Grand Trunk Railway Company ..s..ssseossse 1,102,056 
 ai Guarantees on other roads. «000000 esse 1,064,582 
 ‘| Municipal Loan... AVE AT See RS LICE 851,616 
 | Clergy Reserve Fund: :.....45..6+... 121 
 Indian Fund.....ssses. sisi sé ss | | 
 School Fund. ...........se..s. MN ETS. f 194,668 
 den idenvrncunenns ss ] 
 HE Cash, and investments in the Bank of England, & 
 1411 ae English Fands.. +. ssuroes vous vopensrooo,  1,500,000 
 EN Miscellaneous itèms.ssosssssosovsesane.os ses 605,198 
 14 | 
 1 £10,998,393 cry. 
 A few words will suffice to explain these different items. The first ex- 
 plains itself: it consists of sums expended on public works. The second 
 Ê and third are made up of sums due for advances made to railway compa- 
 
 nies to pay expenses as the work progresses, and guaranteed as above 
 | stated: The fourth is produced by a law which authorises municipalities 
 11 to require from Government the negotiation of their local debentures, the 
 municipalities paying annually into the hands of the Receiver General the 
 re interest on the sums thus negotiated by him in the name of the Province, , 
 besides a sinking fund at the rate of six per cent. for twenty-five years. 
 The fifth is formed of sums received for the sale of lands reserved by 
 an old law for the Protestant Clergy, and which the Receiver General is 
 bound to give an account of, to the beneficiaries. 
 
 
 
 
 
137 
 
 + 
 
 Rs As En = 
 — me ee ur s on 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 The Indian Fund, and School and other funds, composing the sixth, 
 seventh and eighth items, are likewise special funds, created in con- 
 nection with the public domain, and which the Minister of Finance must 
 give a special account of. These items are carried to the debtor and 
 creditor side as balances ; as also the ninth item, made up of moneys de- 
 posited to order, and entered as cash in hand, moneys placed out at 
 interest, redeemable at sixty days, and the sum in English Consols, devoted 
 to the reduction of our debt. 
 
 In order to meet these obligations as they become due, we have the 
 following on the credit side of the account : 
 
 1. Loan on the Imperial Guarantee..,......,,,... £1,825,000 Cy: 
 2. Debentures payable in London... 1,727,568 
 d. do do: :in Canada sous Ré 5 827,554 
 4. Redemption of the Public Debt..... ........ 488,830 
 b. Issue of Debentures in favor of the Grand Trunk 
 
 Company, authorized by law :...............  1,102,056 
 6. Debentures issued in virtue of other laws... 2,112,432 
 7. Special fands of Clergy Reserves, Indian and 
 
 other fandors.shsss 1. chhagosher. Chr, 794,668 
 Part of the Consolidated Revenue Fund for the cur- 
 
 rent year, and the Sinking Fund............  1,500,000 
 
 D 0 Frioc INPI TE TINTIN TRE 620,285 
 PR crus snssssesesssss ss £10,998,398 cy. 
 
 
 
 The three first items are made up ofloans made by us to meet that part 
 of the first item of our debtor accounts, which our revenue does not pay; 
 they form our positive debt, which diminishes by the deposit of our instal- 
 ments, of which the next article, No. 4, is an example. 
 
 The fifth and sixth articles form our cvllateral debt, and are resources 
 established to meet various exigencies, which we hope to cover by the 
 profits produced by the employment of the capital. For instance; the 
 interest and sinking fund, paid in by the Municipalities will redeem the 
 debentures issucd in their favor. As a security from the railways, we 
 bave a privileged mortgage on them. 
 
 The seventh item relates to the revenues of lands reserved, as has been 
 already explained, which exactly meet Nos. 5, 6,7 and 8 of the debtor 
 side. 
 
 The rest explains itself. 
 
 
 
RU TiG Fc = 
 à: er « » 
 cs 
 
 AS 
 
 LL 
 >: LT arr merde 
 
 pe 
 10 N} 
 ‘4 
 y. 
 al 
 | 
 1 
 1 
 L | 
 sue A 
 4 IH 
 ZT 1 
 4 
 ! 
 { 
 L 1 
 f | } 
 L) 
 4 fl 
 » 1e 
 Π
 El 
 : 
 À 
 i 1 
 Î {| à 
 | | 
 | à 
 +9 
 à. 
 #5 
 (} 
 
 
 
 ——— — 7 Re PEN de ! | 
 a en Der SEE VERRE RER ER EREREr a "2 L 
 
 RE ga 2 D SEE NE ENS ES UE PE N SER  EET ————r— 
 
 —— = — = À 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ee 
 
 138 
 
 
 
 — —_—— — mu EE ——…"’…”"”"_ —_——————<l 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 On the first of January, 1855, our direct debt was...  £4,850,000 
 Debentures on railroads, issued ..,...+...+e se. 3,886 ,900 
 Municipal Debentures issued, .........sesssessses 1,172,916 
 Atthe same date, our Sinking Fund, created by the 
 purchase of English Consols at 8 per centessesssessses 
 To show the prosperous state of our finances, we may 
 state that in 1849 the cost of public works carried to the 
 balance shect of that year, only exceeded the direct 
 The cost of the same works carried to the balance 
 sheet of 1854, exceeds the direct debt of the present 
 
 451,262 
 
 565,000 
 
 730,000 
 
 And the Public Works are higher in value than the amount set down. 
 
 The Sinking Fund, which in 1849 was only £53,533, amounts now 10 
 £451,262. 
 
 The item, redempticn cf debt, in 1849 was only quoted at £100,000, 
 whereas, in the balance sheet of 1854, it is raised to £488,830. 
 
 Our Debentures stand highest on the English money market. Our 6 
 per cent. Sinking Fund, redeemable in twenty-five years, commands a 
 
 high premium, and sometimes reaches 17. 
 
 
 
 6. 
 
 COMMERCE. 
 
 It may be right to give first a statement of the number of arrivals and 
 departures from our different ports, both sea and imland. The year chosen 
 for this purpose is the last of which complete returns have been published 
 by the Customs Department, namely, 1893. 
 
 Total number of vessels from sea, and entered at the following ports : 
 
 1,198. 
 
 At Gaspé... soso sise 4e CES 
 Quelles 5. hé 
 2. I 2 40 ENST Re cu 
 
 Total tonnage, 622,579 tons. 
 
 Vessels sailed, 1821 : 
 
 From Quebec 1400, and the remainder from Montreal and Gaspé. 
 
 The tonnage of ships sailed was 658,853 tons, making a total of entered 
 
 and saïled, of 1,281,482 tons. 
 
 
 
 
 
di. rue 4. 
 
 ne + mn TE a 
 
 LU pe. _ . _ = _ rs 
 — ns me _ 
 ms — — ” mass k + 
 
 139 
 
 
 
 - oo 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of the vessels which entered port 66 were foreign. 
 
 The total number of vessels which passed through our Canals, whether 
 up or down was 20,406, with a total tonnage of 2,138,654 tons. 
 
 71,090 tons of flour and 100,000 tons of iron passed through the Wel- 
 land Canal. 
 
 The whole value of our imports for 1855 was... ...£7,895,399 cy. 
 
 HXDOTÉS. exe rate rs éésatin eines nerdedes et SR RE 
 In 1850 the imports were only... 4,245,517 
 HRDOPTS 2. rrronsannss sans naine ren evene res 3,990,428 
 
 We must here remark that for the principal article of our export trade, 
 4. e., timber, the value is set down at the price at which it is produced, flot 
 at the selling price, which is of course considerably higher. 
 
 The port of Montreal receives the largest freight. The value of the 
 goods entered in 1853, was £3,381,539, currency. 
 
 The port of Quebec has the largest export trade, it amounted in 1853 to 
 £2,443,457. In this account is not included the value of newly built ships, 
 a table of which is found below. 
 
 This last description of export was valued in the same year at £1,165,056, 
 currency. 
 
 Below is a list of those articles which are imported in the largest quan- 
 tities, with the total value of importation of each kind of article, for 1853 : 
 
 A M Laden sus hotte ent leve rev éfel £264,919 cy. 
 RD nd use ed cod et des es 6 tt 11055 000 NO 
 Manufactured Tobacco ..…..… entiers tete RTS 
 LOUON ss set RE VE EL Te er RSS SU SUIS NN 
 
 Iron Manufactures. 4... 6.6, 048,120 
 RE ice cu es ses vétV S 
 Woollen Goods... sisi 
 Bar and Sheet Iton........smsdaivste0010,805 
 Railway Iron ii crises rasta: 888,098 
 Books... sssesscveursivereenerst Sont u800.,240 
 
 Chief articles of exportation, with their values, in 1853 : 
 
 *Produce of Fisheries ss. 65,000 
 
 do FOR EE eeeRide esse DDR OUS 
 Atimal produce SR RC ON 
 Agricultural Produce.......… ...........:.:2..1,995,194 
 
 
 
 ——————— mi 
 
 #*NoTe.—To give an idea of the Gulf Fisheries, in the years 1847-48,532,711 barrels of mack- 
 ere! were received in the Ports of the State of Massachusetts, almost all of which were taken in 
 the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 Ï | 140 
 
 Il D 2 op ARE Lie a 
 
 t EP I DC nement rite CT — 
 
 4 Below is the number and tonnage of the ships built and registered in the 
 
 ; whole Province, in 1853: 
 
 U f : 
 
 le || | 
 
 LEE | DUB Ne DIT Rs rensctieman een caues US 
 
 HE | Tonnagé..is ss cos sse vase ses ee PUR AS sectes test TES CDR 
 
 VE FN | 
 
 D M | 
 h & | | 
 if 
 
 k | | tered at the Customs : 
 
 ‘ | Hi Ships (or small craft). .....s. seems 84 
 
 a À j Tonnage....ssssssesses vossessvsssseveneseses seen e 8,709 tons. 
 4 À Cod : total of COR PE D do doi ei alle AT 
 
 | | 1 s Total tonnage... MS Titi LUEUR 
 ! | | Under this ee we  : 16 Guébee: 50 eat 49, 541 tons. 
 if Kingston... io tite eaiée devint 2 008 » 
 
 d ; 
 [. 
 HE 
 ui 
 [21 ! 
 L 14 
 : 
 
 4 
 L 
 { 
 L 
 1 
 { 
 : 
 | 
 
 Add to this the number of vessels built in the Province, but not regis- 
 
 ne 
 
 taie norscsss rates 0 Se 
 
 The rest have been built at different parts of Upper and Lower Canada. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 — 
 
 … _ 
 - 
 
 The principal incorporated Banks are the Bank of British North America, 
 (Branch,) the Unper Canada, Montreal, Quebec, City, Midland District, Gore 
 and Peoples Banks. 
 
 The general statement of the affairs of the above institutions for 1853 
 mas as follows : 
 
 tél DOME  aoeseerécrretiascssser dd 981,507. CY. 
 4134 CRAN OR re soriénsgeesnenstiens cure - 1,100 008: 
 
 The principal Savings Banks in 1853, were the 
 
 Hamilton, 
 Montreal, 
 Montreal (Provident Savings,) 
 Northumberland and Durham, 
 : Quebec (Provident and Savings.) 
 
 The sums Er in these Banks in 1853 amounted to £207,304 cur- 
 
 LUE D rency, of which 4% were distributed among the three Banks of Montreal 
 a | à 
 BE and Quebec, 
 
 F? The principal Insurance Companies (I say principal, because several of 
 
 these institutions sent in no account of the state of their affairs to the De- 
 partment of Statistics) are 
 
 HUE 1. The British American (Fire and Life,) 
 FRERE à 2. Canada (Life,) 
 
 
 
 
 
de TRE 42 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 141 
 3. Mutual, 
 4. Kingston Marine Insurance, 
 5. Ontario do do, 
 
 6. St. Lawrence do do 
 
 ? 
 
 1 L 4 L e 
 The amount of property insured against fire and marine risks Was, as 
 exhibited below, for the offices, 1, 4, and 6 only, the other amounts have 
 not been given in complete. 
 
 Value of property insured against fire... ...£1,093,814 CYy. 
 
 MR ORDNINS «Sr ua ve Pr en 9,726 
 Losses by fire in the à + NP SE Er eg es 6,327 
 Value of Marine Insurance. .............. 602,942 
 Fremiams received. des sels sn 6,925 
 LJOSSES 4e 6.0 9 see SSP US ADN CR AE 9,282 
 
 ? 
 
 It may be well here to draw the attention of the reader to these figures, 
 as shewing the comparative risk attending navigation as connected with 
 the trade of Canada. 
 
 By a law called the “New Banking Act” extended privileges are 
 granted to Companies wishing to establish Banks, they being obliged as 
 a security for their solvency to deposit provincial debentures in the hands 
 of the Receiver General. The amount of these deposits on the 1st January 
 of this year, was £201,125, being the gross amount of capital of all the 
 Banks that have taken advantage of this system. 
 
 The incorporated Banks pay a tax of 1 per cent. on their paper issues, 
 In 1853 this tax produced a revenue of £23,058. The highest amount it 
 bad reached in previous years was £18,950, in 1852. 
 
 6 
 General information. 
 
 We wish here to collect together several little items, omitted or deferred, 
 and addressed more particularly to emigrants. ‘We enter on the subject 
 without any special dedication of this paragraph. 
 
 Local taxes are much higher in Upper than in Lower Canada. 1n 
 Upper Canada the Municipalities take charge of the roads, pay the juries, 
 and meet several other expenses, while in Lower Canada the people are 
 taxed for education only; the public works are performed by personal 
 labour, under the superintendence of the Municipalities. The system in 
 Upper Canada, is, in this respect, better on the whole, although it has been 
 abused in some of the Municipalities, 
 
 
 

 
 en mme 
 
 M ee 
 
 Ter 
 
 ee oi 
 
 
 
 TT ee 
 . = “us Ex n& 
 sus 
 
 —— LE mm — cu à SELS 
 SRRSÉEES SN DATE TETE PRE ITS RCE 
 
 rs 
 
 142 
 
 
 
 
 
 PT ms … nat . a 
 
 
 
 
 
 The postage on letters is 3d. currency, over the whole province, for any 
 letter not weighing more than half an ounce, (the charge increasing with 
 the weight.) The postage on books or pamphlets by the mails, is very cheap. 
 The exchange with England ranges from 20 to 22 070. 
 
 I have given here a table of the value of the current money of the Pro- 
 vince, the pound, Halifax currency, consisting of 20 shillings at the same 
 rate, and being about the same value as a French Louis d’or. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | | 
 | 
 | COINS. | 
 RARE PE ee 
 ENGLISH. AMERICAN. FRENCH AND SPANISH | 
 £ s. d. £ s. d. | £ s.d 
 SOVETEISN 1 4 6 | Eagle... 2 10 O0 | CroWM...sssssrre 0 5 6 
 English Crown... 0 6 1 DORE dorée 0 5 0 | 5 franc PIECE... 0 4 8 
 Do Half C’n... 0 3 à | Half Dollar. 0 2 6 | Spanish dollar... 0 5 © 
 | SRIIINE s..ssessssssse 0 1 3 | Dime 0 0 6 | PistOTCCN sure 0 010 | 
 | QIX PENICE serres 0 0 7 | | 
 | | 
 
 A settler’s hut costs from £5 to #25. 
 
 A good farm house from £75 to £300. 
 
 A good barn generally costs from 20s. to 30s., the lineal foot; thus a 
 barn, 40 feet by 30, will cost from £40 to £60 ; a barn 200 feet long, 
 which is a common size here, will cost from #200 to £300. 
 
 A temporary barn for a new colonist may cost from £5 to £10. 
 
 Workmen’s wages vary from 8s. to ds, a day of ordinary labour. Trades- 
 men earn from 5s. to 7s. 6d. In 1853-4, wages were higher in consequence 
 of the great public works which were then in progress. 
 
 Lands with standing woods, well situated, and near to any settlement, 
 are worth at least 15s. an acre, and private sales of wood land have been 
 made as high as 40s. Lands in he Crown Domain, of which nearly all 
 wild lands form a part, are sold at low or almost nominal prices, varying 
 from 1s. 6d., to 3s. 6d., and 8s., these lands are sold on very easy terms. 
 Land is much higher in Upper Canada than below ; the population being 
 exclusively British, the greatest part of the emigration from the United 
 Kingdom is directed there and the demand raises the value. 
 
 The best route for emigrants is by Quebec, to which port the price of a 
 passage from Liverpool, for the working classes, varies from £3 to £5 in 
 sailing vessels, and costs about £7 105. in steamers. 
 
 In all our ports and cities there are emigrant agents who give all neces- 
 sary information to emigrants; and there are Hospitals, in which, if sick, 
 they are treated gratuitously, with kindness and attention. 
 
 
 
oh 
 
 m2 2 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 J have,” said a Canadian, “ visited many foreign countries, and I 
 have seen many more picturesque and more abundant in wealth, but I 
 have never seen one which ever gave me cause to regret that it was 
 my lot to live in Canada.” 
 
 “ Those who would go to settle in Canada,” said a traveller, “ may be 
 sure Of finding in the towns and old settlements, all the comfort of the 
 first cities of Europe ; and in the newly opened country, a vast field for in- 
 dustry, and a sure return for their labour, especially if they bring with them 
 a moderate capital.” 
 
 The author is decidedly of the same Opinion, and this study of his 
 country has made him love it more; the conclusion he has come to, as 
 regards those who wish to leave Europe to setile in America, is this, that 
 few countries offerga fairer prospect for the future, to the Emigrant and 
 his posterity, more especially to the agriculturist, if he is wise enough to 
 remain one. It is not our intention here to advise those who can 
 enjoy thcir ease at home to come to this country to seek a fortune. Far 
 from it. They might have cause to fear that punishment would overtake 
 them, for despising that moderate fortune which it had pleased Providence 
 to grant them. Besides, brilliant and rapid fortunes are not more common 
 in America than in Europe; but there is certainly more room and a 
 better field for industry, though Canada is not a land of plenty, flowing 
 with milk and honey. A man leaving Europe, directing his steps to 
 America, or to any other part of the worid, with the idea of making a 
 large fortune in a short time, stands an excellent chance of being 
 disappointed. The Emigrant compelled by adverse circumstances to 
 leave his country, must have scen enough of the rough side of life to 
 make him entertain more sober aspirations than these. But, let us re- 
 peat once more, the poor industrious man, the intelligent and honest man, 
 the capitalist (however small his means,) whose industry is fettered by 
 the difficulty of finding secure investments for his capital—all these will 
 find what they require in Canada, and much better in many respects than 
 elsewhere. The soil is boundless and fertile, Nature has already provid- 
 ed an abundant return in the for2sts, which the settler can at once turn 
 to account. The climate is remarkably healthy, the natural productions 
 abundant and various, the scenery beautiful and majestic, and all that is 
 wanting is the stout arm of the laborer and the influx of capital, 
 
 We will now answer a question which naturally is asked by all intending 
 emigrants, Where are we to go in your immense territory ? Which is 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 Géré dti to ae era - es « ———————— = — EE ————— 
 
 : EE ESS 
 « er: 
 
 EE RS ar — me À à à 
 , F | 
 
 the best direction to take ? In all sincerity I reply: Go where you will, all 
 places are nearlÿ alike, some have one advantage, some another. Every- 
 where you will find a safe asylum, but Ï may as well frankly state that 
 emigrants speaking the English language only, and Protestant emigrants, 
 would do better to settle in Upper Canada, and French Catholic emigrants 
 would find it more congenial to their feelings to remain in Lower Canada. 
 The Frenchman, Belgian or French Swiss, will find themselves as it were 
 in their own country in Lower Canada, especially those from Breton or 
 Normandy. The Catholic finds every parish church surmounted with a 
 ji fine steeple, bearing the cross he has been accustomed to see. Again, the 
 ‘F4 Yorkshireman or Highlander may fancy that his native county has been 
 | transferred to Upper Canada. Emigrants from the British Isles have learnt 
 | this, for it is always towards Upper Canada that they direct their steps. 
 1 | 1 Lower Canada has not since the Conquest received fifty families of French 
 L! origin, and it is surprising how îts population has increased to its present 
 figure. This extraordinary growth of the French Canadian race, is perhaps 
 unequalled in the history of the world, and moreove#itis a fact which goes 
 à, | to prove the high moral and sanitory condition of the people. 
 
 es: 
 
 TES RES 
 SE — 
 
 pm 
 
 > 
 
 a 
 
 Led 
 us 
 
 The reader will observe in these remarks that the principal object of 
 this work—which merely expresses the sentiments of the Government 
 that called it forth—is to attract emigration to this country ; and that, 
 with a friendly feeling towards Europe, which has a superabundant popu- 
 lation, and equally so towards Canada, where the available labor does not 
 1 suffice for the work. 
 | Reference has often been made to capitalists ; and indeed the man of 
 business, who studies this work and the descriptive catalogue of the Paris 
 Exhibition, about to be published, will perceive that there are means of 
 making in Canada the most advantageous investments of capital; more 
 especially in schemes for rendering available the natural riches of the soil, 
 the forests, and the waters, resources which, it may be safely said, Canada 
 possesses to a degree not exceeded in any other country in the world. 
 
 Thé question of emigration to Canada may present weightier and more 
 important features than the simple welfare of the emigrant or the coun- 
 try; but the limits of this work do not allow the consideration of 
 | questions of s0 high an order, which affect England as a power and a 
 ë |! mother country, and the French as a race, and as allies of the former. I 
 | shall content myself with saying that their interests are one and identical, 
 go far as Canada is concerned. 
 
 
 
. é 1? 
 : tn LE ee RE ie RÉ A EE 
 Mae dde he «ER D En TRE 
 tmp 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PRODUCTIONS OF CANADA 
 
 EXHIBITED IN PARIS IN 1865, 
 
 
 

 
 ie 
 
 
 
 4 
 ni 
 : 
 1 
 M 
 Î 
 LA! 
 ut | » 
 ei | 
 ù 
 (ti 
 | 
 ‘1 
 ‘4 
 {| 
 14 
 11 
 11 
 : 
 fl 
 1 
 1H 
 ‘4 
 + 4, 
 PR: 
 {| 
 -i 1h 
 : ‘ 
 | 
 0 
 LMI 
 nil 
 {. 
 : 
 N 
 || 
 ni 
 M 
 | 
 Î 
 lt 
 L 
 | | 
 
 
 
DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PRODUCTIONS OF CANADA 
 
 EXHIBITED IN PARIS IN 1855, 
 BY 
 
 J. C. TACHÉ, ESQ, 
 
 COMMISSIONER FROM CANADA TO THE UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 (Translated from the French } 
 
 PARIS, 
 PRINTED BY G. A. PINARD.—DENTAN & CO. 
 
 9, COUR DES MIRACLES, 
 1855. 
 
 
 

 
 Deere 
 
 
 
 | , ù ‘ | s 
 LR 2 ee 7 , ù 70 _ = - - 
 RE us ments ee ET : x F bte 
 
 PNR mate te ne sé me See er e 
 
 DR NE LE NOR IREE | AS ÈS 
 
 
 
 
 
 ME CR 
 A 
 
 AA" 4 
 
BRIEF SKETCH 
 
 à CANADIAN EXHIBITION. 
 
 The Canadian exhibition in London, in 1851, was as successful as 
 could be reasonably desired when we consider the infancy of the coun- 
 try, the inconsiderable number of the population, and the difficulties 
 arising from its remoteness from the continent of Europe. 
 
 Sixty prizes and honorable mentions, obtained in the different classes, 
 a special report by the jury on the class of minerals, by which the 
 Canadian collection was placed at the head of all the others, and stated 
 to be superior to the exhibition of minerals by all the other countries bore 
 witness to its complete success to the full extent of our expectations. 
 
 The country was satisfied, but a number of exhibitors, to whose: indi- 
 vidual efforts the success of the exhibition is due, had suffered consider- 
 able losses, and the results to the commercial interests of the country 
 were not proportioned to the general calculation, from the cireumstance, 
 that, except as regarded the minerals, the zeal and devotion of ,jindivi- 
 duals had been alone depended upon, and that spirit of unanimity so 
 important in the selection of articles for exhibitions of that nature, had 
 not been brought to bear upon the labors incident to the formation of 
 the collection. 
 
 Profiting by the experience acquired, and with the desire of seeing 
 Canada take part in the noble spirit of emulation which attracted all 
 people to Paris—the Executive Committee charged with the manage- 
 ment of the matier, determined to give that national and general charac- 
 ter to the Canadian section of the Universal Exhibition of 1855, which 
 was wanting to the exhibition of 1851. 
 
 To preserve to itself every freedom of action, the Committee determined 
 that all the articles, selected by the juries of admission, should be pur- 
 chased by the Committee, and forwarded to Paris at the expense of the 
 Province, but in the name of the contributors, who were to retain the 
 title and the advantages of exhibitors. From this it will be seen, 
 that the original idea was to set the country in the place and stead of 
 individuals, and thus to evidence to the people of other lands the 
 resources of the country rather than the skill of its inhabitants, and 
 the wisdom of such a measure is at once apparent, applied to a country 
 abounding in natural wealth. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 150 
 
 rt rt lg 
 
 But although the object in view was principally to represent the re- 
 sources offered by the country, the Committee on the other hand deemed 
 it their duty, not to neglect the opportunity of shewing to the European 
 publie, that the Canadian heavens do not refuse to those over whom they 
 shed their light, those talents which originate, bring to perfection, or 
 carry on, the different arts and manufactures; and if we may be perimit- 
 ted to believe and repeat the flattering testimony exp:essed day after 
 day by the visitors of the annexe, those eflorts have resulted in certain 
 success. Canada has forwarded to the Paris Exhibition, articles be- 
 longing to all the classes contained in the caalogue of the Imperial 
 Commission, with the exception of the 19th and 21st, which relate to 
 cotton and silk manufactures. These do not exist in Canada, with the 
 exception perhaps, of some few establishments, which are comparatively 
 unimportant. 
 
 The three first classes, viz : those relating to mineral and agricultural 
 wealth and the produce of our forests, are the divisions in which Canada 
 will more specially shine, if shine it do at Paris. The mineral 
 productions, contributed by nearly eighty exhibitors, are the most numer- 
 ous; they are classified in the order of their application in the arts, and 
 are sufliciently complete, to give an idea of the abundance of this class 
 of productions, and at the same time to give an insight into the geological 
 formation of the country. It may be said, that wiih the exception of 
 coal, Canada contributes every species of earths, metals, and mineral sub- 
 stances, which cons itute the basis of the various metallurgical manu- 
 factures, or serve as materials for building : in this latter class the matbles 
 and cement must not be forgotten. 
 
 These sources of wealth have as yet hardly been rendered available, 
 owinz to the want of capital and labour: the Province has, as yet only 
 commenced operations in these various branches of industry. 
 
 The exhibition of Cavadian timber, it is reasonable to believe, will 
 prove that its inexhaustible forests, extending over n ‘arly 360,000 square 
 miles, are unrivalled throughout the world for the variety of species, and 
 more particularly for the size of the timber of fall { ro vth. wil} be scen 
 by the accompanying catalogue, that in this clats, as well as in that of 
 wood for cabinet making, Canada possesses certain precious rareties, 
 which it alone can furnish. The productions of the fisheries and of the 
 chase placed in the same category, enable the country 10 take an ex- 
 clusive place, as a field for indus rial pursuits. 
 
 I: is hardly necessary to dilate upon the importance and beauty of 
 Canadian grain; it will be suflicient for the visi or to examine atten- 
 tively the gallery of the annexe on the Cours la Reine in the Canadian 
 section, to form an idea of the great number and beauty of the agiicul- 
 
 
 
D ———— 
 ps me 
 
 tural productions, properly so called, of this Province, The varieties of 
 spring and fall wheat, of barley, oats, and peas, the suitableness as bread- 
 stuffs of many of these descriptions of grain, will at once make it apparent 
 that a fertile soil is seconded by a favorable climate, which admits, more- 
 over, of the cultivation of Indian corn, tobacco, and fruits which our 
 winters do not prevent from attaining a perfect development. 
 
 In the fourth and fifth classes of general mechanism applied to manu- 
 factures, and the sixth and seventh of special mechanism, Canada 
 having obtained several prizes and honorable mentions in London, 
 forwarded to Paris articles which are at least worthy of remark, and 
 of which much has been already sid by the publie. Among these 
 articles are some which are second to none exhibited by any other 
 country. 
 
 It was not to be expected that the Canadian Exhibition would include 
 many of the articles comprised in the 8th and 9th classes, which, having 
 reference to manufactures, relate more particularly to the sciences and 
 the employment of chem'cal and physical agents, for the very simple 
 reason that a small population cannot create an adequate demand for 
 a production so special in its nature. 
 
 In the tenth class, Canada has been enabled to exhibit the remarka- 
 ble productions with which nature abounds, varnishes, gums, vege- 
 table and animal oils, soaps and alkalis, leathers, dyes and paint stuffs. 
 Special notice should be taken of two articles exclusively belonging to 
 Canada, and introduced into manufactures by Canadians ; I refer to the 
 porpoise leather and the paper made from the Zmmortellé (gnaphalium.) 
 
 In the eleventh, the methods employed in the preparation and preser- 
 vation of alimentary substances, to adapt them for exportation, and to 
 enable them to support the accidents of a long voyage, are illustrated by 
 a large number of specimens. 
 
 In the twelfth class, Canada exhibits several plants and substances, 
 giving a partial idea of the numerous drugs which she is capable of sup- 
 plying; and in the thirteenth class, specimens of articles connected 
 with navigation and ship building, the latter, one ofthe principal sources 
 from which Canada derives her wealth ; a branch of trade to the impor- 
 tance of which no limits need be set, seeing the abundance and excellent 
 qualities of the materials which form its basis. 
 
 In the fourteenth class, the visitor may see models of the immense 
 works connected with the navigation of the St. Lawrence, and also, what 
 will be of the greatest interest to foreign consumers, a number of articles 
 manufactured of wood, the low prices of which cause the greatest 
 astonishment to all. 
 
 
 
ee me 0 es — —_—_——— 2 ———— 
 
 A nn ntenteapemmmmeneent EE  , ne 
 
 
 
 
 
 In the classes following are exhibited specimens of manufacturé in 
 metals, of textile fabrics, tools, instruments and cloths, tissues, knit- 
 ting, cordage, &c., in the formation of which, iron, copper, lead, the 
 plastic earths, wood, hemp, flax, straw, constitute the principal materials, 
 It must be remarked, however, that the present production is but à frac- 
 tion of what the country could supply at very low rates, on account. of 
 the very small price of the raw material, the facilities for internal com- 
 munications, and the powerof procuring at no expense, unlimited water 
 power for the service of machinery. 
 
 The Committee have also deemed it advisablé to.send-over specimens 
 ofthose branches of manufacture, having for their object thé improvement 
 of the different articles of dress. In this class, atténtion is directed to the 
 woollen and linen fabrics, made by hand, and known by the names of 
 druggels and home made cloths, which by the eloseness of their texture 
 are admirably adapted for working clothes ; also the specimen of foot gear 
 known as boites sauvages, the form and material of which are suitable 
 for the farmer, the woodsman, the sailor and the soldier. 
 
 To conclude, Canada also furnishes specimens.of paintings and archi- 
 tectural and other drawings, of typography, bookbinding, photography 
 and lithography. It was never for an instant designed to compete 
 with the countries of Europe in these branches of the arts, it was only 
 intended to show, that Canada was not ignorant of these arts of 
 civilization. 
 
 The visitor, who doubtless expects to find specimens of Indian manu- 
 facture, will not be disappointed in his anticipations, he may see these 
 fancy articles, the produce of Indian skill, and he will find among them 
 embroideries which for brightness of color and originality of de- 
 sign may be compared with the finest spécimens of the art. One can- 
 not behold without surprise, the tasteful reproduction of flowers and for- 
 est leaves, the graceful lines of some of these productions along which 
 the light fingers of the daughter of the forests have been guided by an 
 imagination inspired by a life passed in contemplation, by the perpetual 
 spectacle of a nature as imposing, viewing it as a whole, as it is lovely 
 in all its details. 
 
 In the foregoing and following remarks, mention has beeñ only made 
 of the articles, without reference to the interests of the exhibitors, for it 
 is the interest of Canada and not that of individuals that has been con- 
 sidered in the preparation of this catalogue. 
 
 The style of the English Catalogue has been adopted, and all notice of 
 the different professions or callings of the exhibitors and of prizes previ- 
 ously obtained, either at the London Exhibition or elsewhere, has been 
 omitted in its compilation. 
 
 
 
a 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF ARTICLES SENT FROM CANADÆ AND 
 EXHIBITED IN THE ANNEXE NEAR THE RIVER. 
 
 — 
 
 Frrse Drvisron. 
 Manufactures. 
 
 Ist Group.—Articles having for their object the industrial pursuits in 
 connection with the extraction or production of the raw material. 
 
 FIRST CLASS. 
 MINING AND METALLURGICAL OPERATIONS, STATISTICS, AND GENERAL 
 DOCUMENTS. 
 
 1. Geological Commission of Canada.—Montreal, Lower Canada. 
 Geological Map of Canada, and a collection of minerals mentioned in 
 detail in the following sections : 
 
 2. Keefer (Thomas) Civil Engineer, Montreal, Lower Canada. Topo- 
 graphical Map of Canada. 
 
 SECTION 4. 
 
 Combustible Minerals. 
 3 Scobell (J.,) Architect, Montreal, Lower Canada. Turf, pressed 
 and not pressed, 
 4. Boston, John, Sheriff of Montreal, Lower Canada. Turf. 
 
 |. 
 
 SECTION D. 
 
 Iron and Iron Castings. 
 
 5. Billings (C.,) Ottawa City, Upper Canada. Silicate of iron. 
 
 Geological Commission of Canada already mentioned under No. 1. 
 A mass of pure meteoric iron, titaniferous iron, oligist and chromic 
 iron, magnetic pyrites, iron pyrites, ferrugin@us ochre. 
 
 6. Marmora Iron Company, Marmora, Upper Canada. Oxydulated 
 iron. 
 
 1. Ottawa Mining Company, Otiawa, Upper Canada. Oxydulated 
 iron. 
 
 8. Dickson (Andrew), Kingston, Upper Canada.  Oligist 1ron 
 
 
 
qe tnt tps 0 ——— _ mn —— À 
 ES EE tt —_—_ -—— —_—— a 
 
 9. Lancaster (R.), Vaudreuil, Lower Canada. Specimens of bog iron 
 ore and phosphate of iron. 
 
 10. Larue & Co, Manufacturers, Three Rivers, Lower Canada. Bog 
 iron ore, with specimens of castings made therefrom. 
 
 11. Morin, St. Valier, Lower Canada. Specimens of bog iron ore. 
 
 12. Morris (Alexander), Montreal, Lower Canada. Oxydulated iron 
 from South Sherbrooke, 
 
 13. Mudget (B.,) Sutton, Lower Canada. Titaniferous iron. 
 
 14 Porter & Co, manufacturers, St. Maurice Forges, Lower Canada. 
 Specimens of bog iron ore, castings and malleable iron. 
 
 15. Seymour, Madoc, Upper Canada. Oxydulated iron. 
 
 16. Smith (H L.) Sutton, Lower Canada. Titaniterous iron. 
 
 17. Stutson (Oramel,) Sutton, Lower Canada. Titaniferous iron. 
 
 18. Stevens (George,) Newborough, Upper Canada. Oxydulated iron. 
 
 19. Vanorman (B.,) manufacturer, Tilsonburgh, Upper Canada. Spe- 
 cimens of bog iron ore. 
 
 SECTION 6. 
 Common Metals (with the exception of Iron.) 
 
 20. Bluit, Lansdowne, Upper Canada, Sulphuret of lead, 
 
 Geslogical Commissin of Canada, already mentioned at No. 1. 
 Specimens of copper ore, zinc, uraniuin and galena. 
 
 21. Copper Buy Mining Company, Montreal, Lower Canada.  Speci- 
 mens of Lake Huron copper ore. 
 
 22. Montreal Mining Company, Lower Canada. Copper Ore from 
 Lakes Hurcn and Superior. 
 
 23. Quebec and Lake Superior Mining Cmpany, Lower. Canada. 
 Native copper and specimens'of Michipicoten copper ore. 
 
 24, NacLean (J,) Ramsay, Upper Canada.  Sulphuret of lead. 
 
 25. Sleep r (Louis,) Quebec, Lower Canada. Copper ore with native 
 gold and a series of minerals, illustrating the veins of Leeds, Lower 
 Canada, 
 
 SECTION ‘1. 
 Precious Metals. 
 
 Geological Commission df Canada, already mentioned at No. 1. Na- 
 tive silver with copper, ores containing gold and silver, ores containing 
 silver. | 
 
 26. Douslas (J.,) Quebec, Lower Canada. Auriferous pyrites, 
 auri‘erous galena, gold and silver from the Beauce mines near Quebec, 
 extracted by washing. 
 
 
 
155 
 
 Re a  ———— rente péter heg tete © ‘ 
 a ——— — me 
 
 
 
 27. Logan James,) Montreal, Lower Canada, native gold, platinum, 
 and iridosminum, with the diflerent descriptions of pebbles and fine 
 sand which are mixed up with these metals at River du Loup, Beauce, 
 near Quebec. 
 
 Sleeper (Louis,) Quebec, Lower Canada, already mentioned under 
 No. 25. Native gold. 
 
 SECTION 9. 
 Non-Metallic Mineral Productions. 
 
 28 Albert (M.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Steatite. 
 
 29. Andres (L. & R,) Chambly, Lower Canada, Amianthus. 
 
 30. Benton (L. K ,) Stanstead, Lower Canada. Shell marl. 
 
 Loston, Montreal, Lower Canada, already mentioned under No. 4, 
 Shell marl. | 
 
 31. Brwn (R.) Rice Lake, Upper Canada. Marmora marble. 
 
 32. Brown (Jum’s,) Cement Manufacturer, St. Catharines, Upper 
 Canada. Thorold cement, with a specimen of calcareous stone, of 
 which it is composed. 
 
 33. Caron & Deblois, Quebec, Lower Canada. Red ochres, 
 
 34. Calway (James,) St. Joseph, Lower Canada. Granite. 
 
 Geological Commission of Canada, already mentioned under No. 1. 
 Dolomite, ilmenite, bog mangarese, agglomeration of Jasper, magnesian 
 limestone, serpentine, marbles, ochres, sandstone for building purposes, 
 hydraulic limestone, white brick, building stone, stones for lithographic 
 purposes, slate, tripoli, agate, jasper, quartz, waved agates, whetstones, 
 sandstone, white quartz, fossils, and other articles. 
 
 35. Shipton Slate Company Lower Canada. Roofing slates 
 
 36. Hamilton International Company, Upper Canada. Asphalt. 
 
 37. Cheesman (R.,) Philipsburgh, Lower Canada. St. Armand mar- 
 ble. 
 
 38. Cyr (L..) Ste. Rose, Lower Canada. Shell marl. 
 
 39. Grant Trunk Railway Company. Specimens of the different de- 
 scriptions of stone used in the publie works 
 
 40. Donaldson (J.,) Oneida. Upper Canada Gypsum. 
 
 <a 1. Fuster (H ,1 Brome, Lower Canada. Dolomite. 
 
 42. Gauvreau (Pierre,) Architect, Quebec, Lower Canada. Quebec 
 cement and the stone in its natural state, together with the stone formed 
 from the cement. This contributor received a diploma in Canada for 
 his preparation. 
 
 43. Guy (J.,) Melbourne, Lower Canada. Roofing slates. 
 
 44. Hilliard & Dic:son, Pakenham, Upper Canada. Building stone, 
 
 
 

 
 a 
 
 
 
 156 
 
 45. Hulchison & Morisson, Montreal, Lower Canada. A block of 
 
 hewn limestone for building purposes. 
 
 46. Jackman, Gilman, Kingsey, Lower Canada. Whetstones. 
 
 47. Jarvis (W. B.,) Toronto, Upper Canada. Building materials. 
 
 48. Inlay (T.,) Grenville, Lower Canada. Mica. 
 
 49. Keefer (Samuel,) Civil Engineer, Brockville, Upper Canada. Stone 
 
 used on the publie works. 
 
 Keefer (T'homas,) already mentioned under No. 2. Blocks of hewn 
 
 limestone for building. 
 
 90. Lemieux (François,) Commissioner of Publie Works at Quebec, 
 
 Lower Canada. Lorette, Pointe aux Trembles and Cap Rouge build- 
 iAg stone. 
 
 91. Leslie (James,\ Sherbrooke, Lower Canada. Roofing slates. 
 
 52. Little, Paris, Upper Canada. Hydraulic limestone. 
 
 Larue & Company, already mentioned under No. 10. Limestone, 
 argillite, and moulding sand, materials employed in the Radnor 
 Forges, near the River St. Maurice, ingLower Canada. 
 
 Mudget (B.,) already mentioned under No. 13. Dolomite. 
 
 - Macdonald, Des Chats, Upper Canada. Building stone. 
 
 . Mackay (Honorable Thomas,) New Féinburgtt Upper Canada. 
 
 Shell marl. 
 
 95. MacLoughlin (D.,) Ottawa City, Upper Canada.  Arnprior mar- 
 ble and building stone. 
 
 56. MacMannis (J.,) Bolton, Lower Canada. Pot stone, or steatite. 
 
 51. Townley (Mrs.,) Toronto, Upper Canada. White brick. 
 
 58. Martindule (Thomas,) Oneida, Upper Canada. Gypsum. 
 
 99. Munroe & Co., Pointe du Lac, Lower Canada. Ochres. 
 
 60. Newton (W.,) Bolton, Lower Canada. Chromic iron. 
 
 61. O’Connor (Daniel,) Lansdowne, Upper Canada. Sulphate of 
 baryta. 
 
 62. Perrault (Zephirin,) Kamouraska, Lower Canada. Amianthus. 
 
 63. Perry (Edmond,) Brockville, Upper Canada. Blocks of Cut lime- 
 stone, 
 
 64. Primmerman (J.,) Barnston, Lower Canada. Blocks of granite. 
 
 Porter & Co., already mentioned under No. 14. Limestone and re- 
 
 fractory sandstone, used at their forges at St. Maurice in Lower 
 Canada. | 
 
 65. Samson, Pointe Levi, Lower Canada. Dolomite. 
 
 66. Sparkes, Ottawa City, Upper Canada, Shell marl. 
 
 67. Spottiswood & Reynolds, Paris, Upper Canada. Gypsum. 
 
 68. Sykes, Deberque & Co., Montreal, Lower Canada. Labradorite, 
 
 69. Tanguay (Abbé,) Rimouski, Lower Canada. Fossils. 
 
 
 
 Qt Qt 
 > ©Q9 
 
 
 
 Re 
 
ms 
 oo A 
 oo ———_ 0 
 om mm 
 
 10. Tardif (Joseph,) Tring, Lower Canada. Roofing slates. 
 
 11. White & Gallop, Melbourne, Lower Canada. Pot stone, 
 
 72. White (P.,) Pembroke, Upper Canada. Building stone. 
 
 13. Whitecombe (J.,) Hawksbury, Upper Canada. Shell marl. 
 
 74. Wilson (James,) Physician, Perth, Upper Canada. Phosphate of 
 lime, barytes, graphite, perthite and peristherite. 
 
 15 Woodward (H.,) Bolton, Lower Canada. Steatite. 
 
 16. Faites (W.,) Paris, Upper Canada. Gypsum. 
 
 17. Feomans (4.,) Belleville, Upper Canada. Shell marl. 
 
 ——— mo 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 NAMES OF THE ARTICLES CONTAINED IN FIRST CLASS. 
 
 Topographie and Geological Maps, 
 
 Metals and their Ores. 
 
 A lump of meteoric iron, oxydulated iron, oligist iron, bog iron, titan- 
 iferous iron, ilmenite, blende, galena, native copper ore, pyrites containing 
 gold and silver, nickel, native silver, native gold, platinum, iridium, 
 auriferous pyrites, arsenical pyrites 
 Minerals requiring Chemical Manipulation to adapt them to the Fine Arts. 
 
 Ochre of uranium, chromic iron, cobalt, manganese, molybdenite 
 dolomite, magnesite. 
 
 Mineral Paints. 
 Iron ochre, barytine, phosphate of iron. 
 
 Minerals made use of in the Fine Arts. 
 
 Lithographic stone, mineral materials made use of in jewellery, 
 agates, Labradorites, jaspers, quartz, waved agates, perthite rubies. 
 
 Refractory Materials. 
 Pot stone or steatite, mica, plumbago, white sandstone, amianthus. 
 Mineral Manures. 
 Phosphate of lime, gypsum, shell marl. 
 Sharpening and Polishing Materials. 
 
 Whetstones, tripoli. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 Buildi'g Materials. 
 Slate, white granite, gneiss, sandstone, calcareous sandstone, lime- 
 stone, trap, marble, hydraulie limestone, bricks. 
 
 Combustible Matters. 
 
 Turf, asphaltun. 
 
 PRICES, 
 
 It is a difficult task to assign any price to the articles above named, 
 and in fact no commercial value has hitherto been aflixed tothem. Here 
 is all that can be said on the subject : 
 
 Magnetic and bog iron ores cost about 5s. per ton, delivered unsmelted 
 at the furnaces on the spot. Barytine costs at present £2 10s. per tn, 
 delivered unsmelted, and £7 10s., when smelted and prepared. Gyp- 
 sum is worth from 1s. to 1s. 5d. per bushel when ground for manure, at 
 the pit, or more according to the distance from it. 
 
 Sandstonue and limestoue, for building purposes, cost, on delivery in 
 undressed blocks in the towns ready for cutting, from 8d. to Îs. per cubie 
 foot. The cost of quarrying, exclusive of the different charges for carriage, 
 is from 63. to 10s. per eubic yard. Blocks of limestone and sandstone, 
 cut and laid on the spot where the work is to be carried on, cost, in pro- 
 portion to their size, from 2s. to 5s. per cubic foot. Granite costs a little 
 more : blocks not so well finished, prepared for docks and canals, generally 
 cost about £1 per cubic metre, when used for that purpose. 
 
 Lime is worth from 6d. to 11d. per bushel, according to the localities in 
 which it is found. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Mining operations in Canada are yet in their infancy, and the improve- 
 ment of its mineral resources, has been confined, properly speaking, 
 to mere experiments, It is only during the lastfew years that the 
 manufacturers of the country have offered any serious competition 
 to the importation of iron castings. It is but a few years since, 
 that, with à very insuffisient staff, the Geological Commission of Canada 
 commenced their labours, and revealed to us immense mineral wealth, 
 Iron, copper, coloring matters, and building materials, are found in inex- 
 haustible quantities, and of superior quality. Were adequate labour and 
 
 
 

 
 — — ————…—…" — _ er - em rt 
 4 ———— ———— —— ——— ———— ——— — —————— ——_——————— me — “mt 
 
 capital directed by science to be employed, Canada would be prepared to 
 furnish foreign countries with these different primary materials at greatly 
 reduced prices, 
 
 These few remarks will suffice te shew that Canada is represented at the 
 Universal Exhibition not as working her mines, but merely as possessing 
 that natural wealth which, by the application of labor and SCICDCE, might 
 be turned to advantage. 
 
 Let us remark that experiments have been tried with some vf the 
 cements, of which there are numerous specimens at the Exhibition, which 
 tend to shew that if rough cast upon laths, the plastering forms an im- 
 penetrable covering fur houses, offering at the same time the advantages of 
 ligatness and solidity. A roof of this description, coustructed as an ex- 
 periment, has been found to withstand the influence beth of the heat of 
 summer and the cold of winter, without shewing the sightest flaw or 
 leakage. 
 
 Gypsum is now exported in the United States, and as this branch of 
 trade extends, a reduction in the price will necessarily be effected. 
 
 Messrs. Logan & Ilunt, Members of the Canadian Geological Commis- 
 sion, and Commissioners in Paris, have just published..a pamphlet upon 
 tie mineral productions of Canada, 
 
 We must also notice that the exportation of metal from the mines, in- 
 creases every year. The exportations were calculated at £8,350, in 1852 
 
 at £27,500, in 1853; and reached the value of £74,000, in 1854 
 
 So et 
 
 
 
SECOND CLASS. 
 
 FORESTRY, HUNTING, FISHERIES, AND SPONTANEKOUS VEGETABLE PRO- 
 DUCTIONS. 
 
 SECTION 1. 
 
 Statistics and various Documents. 
 
 The Canadian Executive Committee have placed at the disposal of the 
 Commissioners in Paris, a considerable number of printed documents, con- 
 taining remarks upon Canada. These documents are distributed gratis to 
 visitors. 
 
 SECTION 2. 
 
 Forestry. 
 
 78. Bouchard (Pierre), Quebec, Lower Canada. A small sample of curled 
 maple. 
 
 79. Dorwin (J. W.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Pine plank. 
 
 Dickson (Andrew), mentioned under No. 8 Small specimens of 64 
 varieties of Canada woods. [See Recapitulation.] 
 
 80. Farmer and De Blaquiere, Woodstock, Upper Canada. Specimens, 
 in sawed planks and cross sections, of the following descriptions of 
 timber, and their several varieties: elm, lime, birch, maple, ash, 
 cherry, walnut, ironwood, plane, chestnut, beech, poplar, carth- 
 amum, cedar, mountain-ash, and oak. 
 
 81. Gamble (J. W.), Vaughan, Upper Canada. Specimens of the following 
 descriptions of timber : pine, oak, elm, and birch. 
 
 82. Kennedy (William), Montreal, Lower Canada. Specimens of wood 
 for cabinet-making purposes, 
 
 83. Lavoie (Abraham), Rimouski, Lower Canada. Cross sections of 
 spruce. 
 
 84. Lavoie (Joseph), Rimouski, Lower Canada. Cross sections of, 
 tamarac. 
 
 85. Levesque (Celestin), Rimouski, Lower Canada. Knees of tamarac, 
 
 86. Murmon (Jean), Rimouski, Lower Canada. Cross sections of birch. 
 
 87. Saint Armand, Becancour, Lower Canada. Small specimen of 
 polished ash. 
 
 88. Saint Arnaud, (M.), Quebec, Lower Canada. À sheet of bird’s-eye 
 maple for veneering, illustrating at the same time a new plan for 
 preparing timber for veneering. 
 
 
 
161 
 
 
 
 A, 
 nent 
 
 89. Sharples (J.), Quebec, Lower Canada. Specimens of the following 
 descriptions of timber, and of their several varieties : pine, spruce, 
 walnut, oak, birch, ironwood, elm, ash, white birch, lime, and maple, 
 
 SECTION 3. 
 Manufactures in wood. 
 
 90. Cantin (A.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Boat oars. 
 
 91. Dubeau (Jean,) Quebec. A wooden bottle exhibited as a specimen 
 of cooper’s work. 
 
 92. Grant and Hall, Montreal, Lower Canada. Barrels. 
 
 93. Halliday (James,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Specimens of wood 
 turning. 
 
 94. Lamouche (A.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Wooden shovels. 
 
 Larue &: Co., already mentioned under No. 10. Charcoal used in 
 
 their Forges near Three Rivers. 
 
 95. Manning ( William,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Staves. 
 
 96. MacGibbon ( William,) Montreal, Lower Canada.  Hoops and barrels. 
 
 97. Moore (Thomas,) Mimico, Upper Canada. Axe handles. 
 
 98. Paxton and Jennings, Montreal, Lower Canada. Staves. 
 
 99. Redpath (J.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Different preparations of 
 maple sugar. | 
 
 100. Smith (D. & G.) Montréal, Lower Canada. Handles of tools and 
 wheel spokes, 
 
 SECTION 4. 
 Land and amphibious animals. 
 
 101. Booth (J.,) Niagara, Upper Canada. Stuffed animals. 
 
 102. Carr (4J/.,) Toronto, Upper Canada. Horse hair. 
 
 103. Kennedy (D.,) Toronto, Upper Canada. Stuffed birds. 
 
 104. Lepage (J. L.,) Rimouski, Lower Canada. Porpoise oil. 
 
 105. Levesque (Nicholas) Rimouski, Lower Canada. Porpoise oil. 
 
 106. MacCulloch (Mrs.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Collection of stuffed 
 birds. 
 
 107. Mercier (David,) Quebec, Lower Canada. Products of the chase, 
 and caribou and seal skin coats. 
 
 108. Mochrie (George,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Preserved venison. 
 
 109. Malo (Abbe,) Becancour, Lower Canada. Caribou skin dressed 
 white. 
 
 110. Nault (Professor,) Quebec, Lower Canada, Castoreum. 
 
 111. Simpson (Sir George,) Lachine, Lower Canada, Bear, lynx, fox, 
 otter, mink, martin and beaver furs, 
 
 L 
 
 
 

 
 ee qq mur mage 
 
 D Dem enh-à ee mi 7 
 
 PR RC 
 = mr 
 
 162 
 
 
 
 
 
 112. Tetu (Charles Hilaire,) Rivière Ouelle, Lower Canada. Whale, 
 porpoise and seal oil clarifed. 
 
 SECTION D. 
 Fishing. 
 
 113. Levesque (George) Pointe aux Orignaux, Lower Canada. Plans of 
 the fisheries in relief, 
 114. Murphy (M.) Montreal, Lower Canada. Fishing lines. 
 115. Peacock (John,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Fishing lines. 
 Teiu (C. H.,) already mentioned under No. 112. Shark and capelan 
 clarified oil. 
 
 SECTION 6. 
 Spontaneous Productions. 
 
 116. Ardouin (A.,) Quebec, Lower Canada.  Medicinal plants. 
 117. Giroux (Oliver) Quebec, Lower Canada. Medicinal plants, fir and 
 pine gum and spruce oil. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 NAMES OF ARTICLES CONTAITNED IN THE SECOND CLASS. 
 Documents on Canada. 
 
 Timber of 64 different varieties: Bass wood, lime, sumach, common 
 maple, red maple, curled maple, bird's eye maple, soft maple, wild plum, 
 red cherry, autumn cherry, choke cherry, pommette tree, white and yellow, 
 medlar, hawthorn, cornel tree, wild pear, mountain ash, white ash, black 
 ash, hard ash, common ash, carthamum, elm, red elm, grey elm, brown 
 elm, butternut, black walnut, sweet walnut, common walnut, hickory, 
 white oak, swamp oak, red oak, black oak, chestnut, beech, hornbean, 
 northern plane, pitch pine, red pine, yellow pine, white pine, fir, hemlock, 
 spruce, blick spruce, tamarack, white and red cecar, iron wood, white 
 bouleau, red bouleau, white birch, red birch, alder, black osier, a-pen, 
 white poplar, poplar, liard, boat oars, turners ware, wooden shovels, 
 charcoal, staves, hoops, axe handles, handles for tools, maple sugar, stuffed 
 animals and birds, preserved meats, castoreum, plan of the fisheries, fish- 
 ing lines, artificial fle* for fishing, medicinal plants. 
 
 Pine, fir, and spruce gums. 
 
 Whale, porpoise, seal, shark and capelan oils. 
 
 
 
 
 
163 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bear, woli, lynx, fox, moose deer, caribou, deer, beaver, seal, otter, mink 
 and martin skins. 
 
 PRICES 
 OF ARTICLES IN CLASS IT. 
 
 The prices here quoted are those obtained during the last few years ; 
 they are higher than those of the preceding ones. It is a known fact 
 that this increase in the cost of all articles of consumption is common to 
 all countries. 
 
 The price of square timber of the description known by merchants un- 
 der the name of white and yellow pine, is, for square logs from 3d. to 9d. 
 per cubic foot, according to the quality and size of the logs. 
 
 Oak, subject to the same variation, is from 1s. 4d. to 2s. 6d. 
 Birch and maple from 7d. to 1s. 
 
 Red spruce from 6d. to 1s, 
 
 Elm from Sd. to 1s. Sd. 
 
 Ash from 6d. to 11d. 
 
 Black walnut from 1s. to 1s. 3d, 
 
 Red pine from 8d. to 1s. 2d. 
 
 Cedar from 4d. to 6d. 
 
 Sawn lumber taken from the market for exportation assumes the regu- 
 lar form of the plank of commerce of the uniform length of 12 feet, and the 
 uniform thickness of 3 inches, the breadth being variable. Plank is sold 
 by the hundred pieces standard measure of St. Petersburg, containing 
 about 2 cubic metres, and about 130 metres superficial measure ofsawing, 
 reckoning only one saw cut per plank. 
 
 Pine plank cost per hundred from 120s. to 300s., according to the kind 
 and quality. 
 
 Spruce plank from 60s. to 1505. also according to kind and quality. 
 
 Beams, of various kinds of wood of small dimensions, prepared for build- 
 ing purposes, aS pine 9 inches by 5 inches cost, according to the place of 
 sale, from 24d. to 5d. per lineal foot. 
 
 Firewood by the cord, containing at least 4 cubic metres costs in the 
 cities : — 
 
 Hard maple mixed with birch (weighing about 2600 kilogrammes) from 
 30x. to 405. 
 
 Soft wood (weighing about 2000 kilogrammes) from 12s. 6d. to 205, 
 
 The cedar shingle, split and shaved, costs from 7s. to 93. per thousand, 
 capable of covering a surface of about 30 metres from the rain. ” 
 
 
 

 
 nn 
 
 
 
 The lath of commerce which is of cypress, split only in the rough, costs 
 from 16s. to 35s. per cord. 
 
 The board of 10 feet in length, by 1inch in thickness, and a mean 
 breadth of 10 inches costs : 
 
 Clear pine, according to quality and kind, from 40s. to 80s., per hun- 
 dred pieces ; 
 
 Clear spruce, also according to quality and kind, from 205. t6 40s. 
 
 The stave of commerce, of oak, in pieces containing on the average 1200 
 eubic inches of timber, costs from 850s. to 950s. per thousand. 
 
 The above prices are those of the Quebec market, which, being the prin- 
 cipal port for shipment, rules, in this particular, the whole export trade with 
 
 Europe. 
 The flour barrel of commerce, made to hold about 196 Ibs., costs from 
 
 28, 3d. to 2s. 6d, 
 
 Maple sugar, in lumps, costs, according to the season and the quality, 
 from 3d. to 6d. per Îb. 
 
 Pine gum (Canada balsam) costs from 4s. to 4s. 6d. the quart. Spruce 
 oil (a resinous oil) from 6s. 10 7s per quart. 
 
 Whale oil costs about 1s. per quart ; porpoise, black porpoise, shark and 
 seal oils when clarified, cost about 1s. 84. ; cod, capelin, and sardine oils 11d. 
 
 The prices of furs are very various, according to the year. The follow- 
 ing are the extreme rates in ordinary seasons for ordinary sizes and quali- 
 ties : 
 
 Bear skins, 20s. to 80s.; lynx, 125. 10 90s.; red fox, 5s. to 7s.; silver 
 fox, 50s. to 150s.; black fox, 150s. to 600s.; beaver, 3s. to 8s. per Ib; 
 otter skins, 25s. to 50s.: mink, 5s. to 10s.: stone martin, 20s. to 50s.; 
 red martin, 10s. to 20s.; elk and moose, dressed, 20s. to 40s.; seal, 25. 
 6d, to 5s. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The timber for sale at Quebec undergoes the inspection of a body of 
 officers known as the department of the Superintendent of Cullers. The 
 Cullers are authorised measurers and inspectors of timber, granting through 
 the medium of the Superintendent, who keeps a register thereof, certificates 
 of the quantity and quality of wood for sale, sold, or pürchased. There 
 are three modes of purchasing: 
 
 ist. By the whole raft, on its arrival, measured, without breaking bulk, 
 on a certified statement of the kinds and the quantity, but without any 
 guarantee as to quality ; 2nd. By the raft, on a certified stätement of the 
 
 kinds, the quality, and a specification of êhe apparent defects afloat; 8ru. 
 
2€ mm AA 0 ot nt Ed nn UE — _ : 
 at : amine . ms —————— — —  — ù 
 
 D — 
 
 ET — —————— 
 
 
 
 On a certified statement of the kinds, the quantity and quality, after due 
 inspection and dressing of the logs, severally, by the Cullers in the booms. 
 
 Purchasers in the Quebec market, who are acquainted with the manufac- 
 turer and the place where the timber is made, commonly buy in the raft, 
 while still afloat ; strangers buy the timber from them culled, dressed with 
 the axe, and warranted. 
 
 To give an idea of the dimensions of our timber, we may say that each 
 several piece squared, contains from 80 to 250 cubic feet ; there are logs 
 of still larger size, those for instance which are intended for masts. Some 
 idea of the average size may be formed from this cireumstance ; namely, 
 that a vessel’s cargo is rated, or considered as ordinary, in respect to the 
 dimensions of the timber taken generally, when each square log contains 
 from 50 to 75 cubic feet; it is rated as choice when the average log ex- 
 ceeds 75 cubic feet, and there have been cargoes of which the average log 
 excceded 100 cubic feet. 
 
 I here present a statement of the principal descriptions of square timber, 
 measured and culled at the port of Quebec only, in the year 1853. It must 
 be borne in mind that these quantities relate only to large square timber 
 for building purposes. 
 
 White and Yellow Pine..., +...  17,422,724 cubic feet. 
 PAU PR dns sous ones réa arses © SUR AND 17 “8 
 Rues Soc ce cuscse nvtsce. - AADOES ee 
 RE es eee ne cn 2 55 COL, 5 
 AR SE TT TS ms tes 0 br 0 0 ve IBSU TER 
 Ur MRC US LL NOR AOF IDDN Pr 
 
 Monie ant Direli,. side is ose 71,007 4% « 
 ET ere tr te Rio re 1,067 pieces. 
 PRE ere ae von e ee os ae ES 
 
 Of the different kinds mentioned in the list of woods exhibited in the 
 annexe of the Cours-la-Reine, Canada exported in 1853, the following 
 quantities : 
 
 Square TimbDef...ss vertes eee: 617,421 tons. 
 Planks and Boards..................  25,523,115 pieces. 
 
 Mhigles .…... ss Niamneen 24,821 thousands. 
 BÉTCHWODd.: «  516-0'° RÉ ENT TNT se 29,445 cords. 
 
 M ds rie ce ira ad émis 30,000 
 Tamarack Knees, Sleepers, Round Logs, 
 
 PRO LE 0 «csv amine «he 431,820 pieces. 
 
 Staves of Commerce ...4 ss. soso see 4,834,000  “ 
 
 
 
re =. 
 meneur | 
 …… - if 
 
 
 
 ht} 166 
 
 
 
 a 
 0 æ RS RE Emo | 
 nus tt 
 
 
 
 EE nee ES 
 — n fn - 
 
 { The forest, moreover, contributed to the exports of that year 27,074 
 
 barrels (each about 54 cwt.) of potash and other salts. 
 
 11 À few remarks on the purposes to which these woods are applied will not 
 
 | 1 À be misplaced. It will be discuvered, in the first place, that the great variety 
 of kinds and abundance in quantity of the woods of our forests, is the rea- 
 
 ES CS = = 
 
 _—. 
 
 HE | son that the greater number of them have no intrinsic value in the country; 
 ll: and that they would cost, to those desiring to procure them, only the price of 
 Æ'' cutting and the carriage ; except pine, walnut, ash, elm, tamarack and cedar ; 
 A all other kinds bear a value in commerce, equal only to the cost of cutting 
 Hi | and carryingthem. Pine, one of the chief products of Canadian woodcraft, 18 
 | useful for all purposes, being much used in cabinet and joiner’s work, build- 
 (an ing and ship-building, in short in all the arts in which wood is a material. 
 | | Spruce is next to pine, being applied to the same uses, and substituted 
 fil | | for it. It is stronger than pine. 
 | Tamarack is, perhaps, the most valuable wood in Canada. For ship-build- 
 ing particularly,it contains the qualities found separately in other kinds of 
 di | wood, but combined in none, lightness, strength, and a degree of dura- 
 :4 bility equal to that of the cedar. It isused for many purposes in timber 
 } | work, and since the discovery of its excellence in Europe, the demand for 
 it has greatly increased. The best oak is superior to it, only for the outside 
 work of a ship, and where it 1s exposed to violent shocks or friction. In 
 naval architecture, nothing will bear comparison with it, either for the knees, 
 bends, or garlands of a ship. 
 À Cedar is used in the frame-work 6f buildings, in the timbers of ships, and 
 | | in the fencing of lands. This wood 1s very abundant, and very cheap in the 
 LE lower district of the St. Lawrence. It everywhere attains a large size. 
 Oak is used almost exclusively in turners and coopers” work, and in ship- 
 building; and it is prepared to be exported for such purposes. There are 
 several kinds ; the white oak is the best, growing chiefly in the upper dis- 
 trict of the St. Lawrence. 
 Elmof various kinds, some inferior, and others excellent, 1 used in ship- 
 building, both at home and abroad. 
 Ash is used in the various branches of building, in turners’ and coopers’ 
 work, and in carriage making. 
 } The various kinds of birch are used chiefly by cabinet-makers, and 
 carriage-makers. For such purposes it is exported. In the frames of 
 ships, for the parts under water, it is more used as it becomes better known. 
 No wood is better adapted to sustain shocks and frictions than birch of 
 good quality. 
 Maple, particularly the kind, known as birds’ eye maple and curled 
 b maple, is one of the most beautiful woods for cabinet work and inlaying. 
 | Its hardness, beauty, and cheapness render it particularly suitable for fluor- 
 
à Mn 00204 ER VI SR LS ins ns à >: 
 
 167 
 
 nt omememmeteeatemstel este eme —_——— me mn mine . —— - = 
 à - oo 
 
 
 
 
 
 ing. We must notice a piece of veneering obtained by a mechanical pro- 
 cess; this specimen bears some resemblance 10 a piece of cloth, and is 27 
 yards in length without a break. It will be observed that maple acquires 
 by being polished, a warmth and a depth of color, which is peculiar to it. 
 
 The different kinds of walnut, especially the black walnut, supply the 
 most valuable materials tn the cabinet maker. The same may be said of a 
 species of cherry-tree, which resembles mahogany, and which is used in 
 Upper Canaaa. 
 
 The lime and the bass-wood are peculiarly useful in carriage-building 
 for the panels of carriages. These species of woud, being free from knots, 
 and but slightly subject to warp or shrink in the work, might answer for 
 many purposes. They are likewise used in cabinet work. 
 
 These are nearly all the kinds of wood which are turned to any account 
 in Canada. Comparing this list with that of the trees which abound in 
 the forests, how many do we pass by with neglect, which in Europe are 
 turned to useful purposes ; the fir, the bouleau, the poplar, and. many 
 others, would cost but the trouble or the expense of cutting them, 
 
 The gums of the resinous trees, as the pine, the fir and the tamarack, 
 particularly that of the first, ÿield valuable substances, which may be ap- 
 plied in the preparation of varnishes and officinal matters. 
 
 It is unnecessary to invite attention to the furs of Canada, their beauty 
 is acknowledged on all hands. 
 
 We commend to the attentive examination of connoisseurs, the porpoise, 
 whale and seal oils, and others, not omitting that of thelittle black porpoise, 
 (delphinus minor). This last has the quality, peculiar to itself, of not con- 
 gealing at as low a temperature as 34° Fahrenheit, which only deprives it of 
 its transparency. The greatest cold known in Canada, in ordinary seasons 
 which causes other oils to coagulate, does not even render that of the hlack 
 porpoise less transparent. All these oils are clarified and thus acquire a 
 higher value in the market, being freed from the dirt and impurities, 
 usually suspended in the coarse oïls of commerce. 
 
 nue mr MA APE ETES pe. à AS 
 NE SÉRRÈS = — s ms 
 en mm abimteiss © © — © — 2 ———— IN EZ 4 
 
 ans 
 
 Li 
 
 
 

 
 118. 
 
 119. 
 
 120. 
 121. 
 122. 
 123. 
 124. 
 125. 
 
 126. 
 127. 
 128. 
 129. 
 
 130. 
 131. 
 132. 
 133. 
 154. 
 135. 
 156. 
 137. 
 138. 
 139. 
 140. 
 141. 
 142. 
 
 ras, gén pate, tt 
 
 re cr die pnontitns 
 
 - ns ser: _ ” : $ . 
 + "+ à : Pr : 
 RSS RS de EE mn == À 
 . nn eue eq 
 
 168 
 
 THIRD CLASS. 
 AGRICULTURE. 
 SEOTION 1sT. 
 
 (General Documents and Plans. 
 
 Evans (William,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Plan of a Canadian 
 farm. 
 
 Shepherd (Miss,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Drawing, from nature, of 
 Canadian fruits and vegetables. 
 
 SECTION 3. 
 Agricultural Implements. 
 
 Brough (R.,) Gananoque, Upper Canada. Rakes. 
 
 Bingham (J.,) Norwich, Upper Canada. Iron plough. 
 
 Dion and Lepage, Rimouski, Lower Canada. Thrashing machine. 
 
 Jeffries (J.,) Petite-Côte, Lower Canada. Root cutter. 
 
 Ladd (C. P.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Flour mil. 
 
 Moody (Maithew,) Terrebonne, Lower Canada. Reaping and raking 
 machines. 
 
 Morse (L.,) Milton, Upper Canada. A plough. 
 
 Paige (B. P.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Thrashing machine. 
 
 Paterson (J.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. A plough. 
 
 Rice (W. H.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Winnowing machine, dress- 
 ing machine and metallic sieve for cleaning grain. 
 
 SEUTION 4. 
 General Cultures. 
 Bouchard (Madame,) St. Valier, Lower Canada. Flax. 
 
 Badham, Drummondville, Lower Canada. Oats. 
 
 Caaada Company, Toronto, Upper Canada. Wheat. 
 
 Clark (J.,) Longue Pointe, Lower Canada, Peas. 
 
 Coffin (Abraham,) Gaspé, Lower Canada. Spring wheat. 
 Corse and May, Montreal, Lower Canada. Linseed cakes. 
 Doaws and Son, Lachine, Lower Canada. Hops. 
 
 Derrick (H.,) Lacolle, Lower Canada. Peas. 
 
 Dillon (J.,) Long Point, Lower Canada. Peas. 
 
 Dagg (J.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Oats. 
 
 Fischer (J.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Barley and sesame. 
 Fleming (J.,) Toronto, Upper Canada, Peas and garden seeds. 
 Graham, Chateauguay, Lower Canada. Barley. 
 
 
 

 
 es 
 
 143. 
 144. 
 145. 
 146. 
 147. 
 
 148. 
 
 149. 
 150. 
 151. 
 152. 
 153. 
 154, 
 155. 
 156, 
 157. 
 
 158, 
 
 159. 
 160. 
 
 161. 
 
 162. 
 163. 
 164. 
 165. 
 166. 
 167. 
 
 168. 
 
 169, 
 
 170, 
 LITE, 
 ET2. 
 
 173. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jarvis (F.,) Toronto, Upper Canada, Hops. 
 
 Kempton (A.,) Saint Therèse, Lower Canada. Wheat. 
 
 Knox (W..T.,) Lachine, Lower Canada. Flax. 
 
 Laurent (David, Varennes, Lower Canada. Oats. 
 
 Logan (Jumes,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Barley, carrot and other 
 vegetable seeds. 
 
 Lyman (William) Montreal, Lower Canada. lover seed and linseed 
 cake. 
 
 MacCowan (John) Lachine, Lower Canada. Spring wheat. 
 
 Marmette (Doctor) Montmagny, Lower Canada. Tobacco. 
 
 Miller (Walter,) Sainte Rose, Lower Canada. Peas. 
 
 Moyer $ Keating, Louth, Upper Canada. Dried fruits. 
 
 Ossaye (F. M.) Sault au Recollet, Lower Canada. Hemp. 
 
 Oswald (J.,) Sainte Therèse, Lower Canada. Barley. 
 
 Pelletier (T. F.,) lle Jésus, Lower Canada. Spring wheat. 
 
 Pinault (Nicolas,) Rimouski , Lower Canada. Beans. 
 
 Kobertson (T.,) Long Point, Lower Canada. Peas. 
 
 Saint Pierre (Jean,) Rimouski, Lower Canada. Spring wheat. 
 
 Shaw (Alexander, Toronto, Upper Canada. Chicory. 
 
 Shepherd (George, Montreal, Lower Canada. Collection of garden 
 seeds, 
 
 Sloane (Alexander) Toronto, Upper Canada. Wheat and Indian 
 corn. 
 
 Saguenay Agricultural Society, Lower Canada.  Wheat and peas. 
 
 Stevens (William,) Saint Martin, Lower Canada, Timothy grass seed, 
 
 Taylor (James, Hatley, Lower Canada. Maple sugar. 
 
 Thayer (T.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Indian corn and beans. 
 
 Villeneuve (Abbé, Montreal, Lower Canada. Wheat and peas. 
 
 Wade (R..) Cobourg, Upper Canada. Wheat, oats, buck wheat, and 
 
 barley. 
 
 Wilson (D.,) Toronto, Upper Canada. Tobacco. 
 
 SECTION 5, 
 Articles of special culture. 
 Perry (4.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Nuts. 
 
 SECTION 6, 
 Produce of domestic animals. 
 Bouchard (Mrs.,) already mentioned, No. 130. Wool. 
 Lacombe (Mrs.,) St. Michel, Lower Canada.  Wool. 
 Robertson (J.,) Lacolle, Lower Canada.  Wool. 
 Southwick (M. O.) St. Hilaire, Lower Canada. Wool. 
 
 
 

 
 ee ed + 
 
 * 
 
 SECTION 7. 
 Farm Produce. 
 
 74. Proge (Gorge), Montreal, Lower Canada. Cheese. 
 175. Wade (R), Cobourg, Upper Canada. Cheese. 
 
 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 ARTICLES OF THE THIRD CLASS. 
 
 Plan of a Canadian farm, water-color drawings of Canadian fruits and 
 vegetables, rakes, ploughs, thrashing machines, root-cutters, portable grist 
 mill, reaping machine, winnowing machine, dressing machine, and other 
 articles for cleaning grain, wheat, oats, barley, peas, flax seed, buck wheat, 
 vegetable and grass seeds, haps, tobacco, beans, dried fruits, chicory; 
 maple sugar, French beans, nuts, raw wool, cheese. 
 
 
 
 PRICES. 
 
 The prices of bread-stuffs have, during the last few years, attained such 
 an unusual elevation, that it would not be proper to give the quotations of 
 the present year. The prices foilowing may be considered as being the 
 average value of articles of gool quality, delivered at the place of ship- 
 ment. With respect to the other articles, their prices have varied but 
 little; those given, being the cost of the respective articles, purchased in 
 Canada. 
 
 Horse rake, useful wooden machine, £2 10s. 
 
 Iron plough from £1 15s. to £A. 
 
 Thrashing machine (Tooth plan) with horse power motive apparatus 
 from £40 to £65. Thrashing machine, (drum and cylinder), with gear, 
 £15 to £20. 
 
 Root cutters, £4 to £5. 
 
 Portable Grist Mill, £15. 
 
 Reaping machines, £55. 
 
 Dressing machine, from £5 to £8. 
 
 Wheat per bushel, 4s. to 5s. 61. ; oats, from 1s. to 2s.; barley, from 
 
 L 
 
 8. to 4s. ; peas, from 83. to 4s.; flax-seed, from 4s. to 5s.; grass and 
 vegetable sceds, from 105. to 15s.; hops, 1s. per Ib. ; tobacco, 64. ; 
 maple sugar, from 34. to 6d.; raw wool, from 6d. to is. per lb. Wheat 
 
 has lately been sold as high as 105. per bushel. 
 
ee rt ne ei 4 félin 0 ee 
 En TE lee eSi ro ee rt demi — 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The model of a Canadian farm has been sent over in order to give an 
 idea of country property in Canada. In our country each estate is enclosed, 
 the properties are distinct, and the farmer, who is the proprietor, never re- 
 sides beyond the limits of his own fields, unless he is the owner of several 
 lots. The intermixture of large and small properties exists to a very Mmo- 
 derate extent ; hitherto, the monopoly of property and its subdivision into 
 very small lots, those two gravest of evils, have been unknown. The owner of 
 more than 400 arpents of land, is, in Lower Canada, considered a large pro- 
 prietor ; and a man owning less than 80 arpents is looked upon as a small 
 proprietor. 
 
 There is nothing particular to be said with respect to the agricultural 
 implements : it is but fair to admit, that those which are exhibited have 
 been made from models of European and American invention, a few of 
 which have undergone some change. There are, however, some ploughs of 
 Canadian design, and some of these possess undoubted superiority. 
 
 We do not hesitate to assert, that the exhibition of breadstuffs, fruits and 
 seeds from Canada, ranks among the most complete of the class. This 
 ought to be so, inasmuch as this colony is almost exclusively an agri- 
 cultural country, and to this noble pursuit owes its prosperity and 
 success. 
 
 It would be useless to enter into any dissertation upon Canadian grain, 
 one remark will suffice, viz. : that Canadian wheat contains a large propor- 
 tion of gluten, which, in breadmaking permits the admixture of a consider- 
 able quantity of potatoes, producing at the same time excellent bread. 
 
 The following are the quantities exported in 1853, of the different agri- 
 cultural productions ; the year 1853 is given, because the returns for 1854 
 have not as yet come to hand: 
 
 Wheat,...... sossseuses esse sosssssesses 2,666,903 bushels. 
 Barley 44, csv séssse vus sad un 43,850. 
 Peas .... 6035120880 terres DD DID 
 Oats soso voor étions 1,028,810 
 Indian corn, beans and seeds............. 40,000  ‘ 
 
 Of wool in the natural state only 424,452 Ibs. were exported ; it should 
 be remarked that large quantities of breadstuffs and animal food are ex- 
 ported in various modes of preparation for keeping. 
 
 The sugar made from the sap of the maple tree, with all the saccharine 
 properties of other sugars, possesses a flavour not unlike that of vanilla. 
 This sugar which is generally preferred by the people of the country, is 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 altogether consumed at home ; 
 
 5,996 lbs. only was exported. 
 
 
 
 and, in 1853, the insignificant quantity of 
 The total production of maple sugar had 
 
 attained the extent of 10,000,000 Ibs. at the date of the last general census 
 
 
 
 179. 
 180. 
 181. 
 
 
 
 al! 177. 
 
 RUE à 178. 
 
 l in 1851. 
 FOURTH CLASS. 
 GENERAL MECHANISM AS APPLIED TO INDUSTRY. 
 SECTION 1. 
 ML Weighing and quaging apparatus. 
 Tien 176. Ladd (C.P.,) Montreal, Lower Canada.  Scales used in commerce. 
 
 Rodden (W.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Scales. 
 SECTION 7. 
 Machines for raising weights. 
 Clark (James,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Pulleys. 
 SECTION 8. 
 Hydraulic and other Engines. 
 Fergusson (W.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Hose pipes. 
 
 Lemoine (Louis,) Quebec, Lower Canada. Fire Engine. 
 Perry (Greorge,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Fire Engine. 
 
 SECTION 9. 
 
 Bellows work. 
 
 182. Lindley (B.,) Montreal, Lower Canada.  Bellows. 
 Nore.—Classes 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, will be included under the same re- 
 
 capitulation. The remarks therefore which relate to these classes 
 will be found given together, and will precede class 10. 
 
 FIFTH CLASS. 
 
 SPECIAL MACHINERY-——ARTICLES RELATING TO CARRIAGE. 
 SECTION 2. 
 
 Harness and Saddlery. 
 
 183. Archambault (André,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Varnish for harness 
 
 leather. 
 
 
 
 
 
ce ee 
 TE 
 
 173 
 
 
 
 Tr 
 
 D 
 oo —_——— re 
 
 184. Barrington (G'eorge,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Set of harness, 
 
 185. Campbell (El. R.,) Hamilton, Upper Canada. Harness-mountings. 
 
 186. Combs (John,) Brockville, Upper Canada. Harness-mountings. 
 
 187. Couvrette (Magloire,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Set of double 
 harness. 
 
 183. Dean (Robert,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Leather Trunk. 
 
 189. Edwards (W. g_R.,) Toronto, Upper Canada. Saddles. 
 
 190. Glasford (George,) Brockville, Upper Canada. Hames for collars. 
 
 191. Larivière (André,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Harness 
 
 192. Morris (Robert) Montreal, Lower Canada. Harness and travelling 
 trunks. 
 
 1935. Trekeld (J.,) Toronto, Upper Canada. Whips. 
 
 194. Wilise (Joseph,) Fraserville, Upper Canada. Yokes for oxen. 
 
 SECTION 5. 
 Specimens of Carriage building. 
 195. Gingras (Edouard,) Quebec, Lower Canada. Four-wheeled pleasure 
 carriage. 
 196. Leduc (Clovis,) Montreal, Lower Canada  Four-wheeled pleasure 
 carriage. 
 197. Saurin (Joseph,) Quebec, Lower Canada. Pleasure sleigh. 
 SECTION 7. 
 Articles appertaining to Railways.— Materials used. 
 198. Holland (V.,) Montreal, Lower Canada, Railroad spikes. 
 
 Piper Brothers, Toronto, Upper Canada. Large lantern for locomo- 
 tive engines. 
 
 SIXTH CLASS. 
 
 SPECIAL MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR WORKSHOPS. 
 SECTION D. 
 Metallurgic Machinery. 
 Dean (Robert), already mentioned under No. 182. A portable forge. 
 Lindley (C.,) already mentioned under No. 182. A portable forge. 
 SECTION 6. 
 Apparatus and Mechanical Contrivances used in Workshops. 
 199. Helme and Wade, Port Hope, Upper Canada, Drilling machine. 
 200. Hood Brothers, Montreal, Lower Canada. Braces. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 174 
 
 peste tt EE tentent - À 
 — —_—_————————————— 
 
 eee 
 
 tint tnt ES 
 
 Ladd, already mentioned under No. 176. Grinding mill. 
 201. MacLellan (J. W.) Montreal, Lower Canada. Morticing machine. 
 202. Munro (Daniel) Montreal, Lower Canada. Planing machine. 
 
 203. Parsen (T.,) Toronto, Upper Canada. Brick making machine. 
 904. Rodden (W.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Planing and turning ma- 
 chines, Carpenter’s bench. 
 
 SECTION 71. 
 Machines for making small articles n Metal. 
 
 205. Dunn (P.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Nail making machine. 
 
 SECTION 9, 
 
 Machines used in Agriculture and in the production and preparation of 
 articles of Food. 
 
 906. Romain (Robert,) Peterborough, Upper Canada. Steam Cultivator. 
 
 SECTION 12. 
 Machines for special Uses. 
 
 207. Taylor and Dockrill, Montreal, Lower Canada. Sewing machine. 
 
 SEVENTH CLASS. 
 MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR WOVEN MANUFACTURES. 
 SECTION 2. 
 Spinning Machines. 
 208. Brough (R.;) Gananoqne, Upper Canada. Spinning wheel. 
 SECTION 6. 
 Machines for special uscs. 
 
 209. Taylor and Dockrill, Montreal, Lower Canada. Sewing machine. 
 
 
 
 EIGHTH CLASS. 
 [NSTRUMENTS RELATING TO THE EXACT SCIENCES? AND FOR EDUCATIONAL 
 PURPOSES. 
 
 SECTION 9. 
 
 Instruments for measuring space, and Optical Instruments. 
 
 - . 4 
 210. Hearn and Potter, Toronto, Upper Canada. Engineers’ level. 
 
 
 
1 at à EE 
 tn 
 
 pe 2 ——————_—_—_——-——_——————— ee me — — _ ane be: EE F. 
 ————— ————_—_———p@—— me en pnque —————————— = —— nee er 
 
 
 
 Some charts and fossit incrustations belonging to this class are referred 
 to elsewhere, under the title Geological Commission of Canada. The Abbé 
 
 Tanguay and Mr. Keefer. 
 
 NINTH CLASS. 
 
 CONTRIVANCES CONNECTED WITH THE ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION AND EM- 
 PLOYMENT OF HEAT, LIGHT, AND ELECTRICITY. 
 
 SECTION 5. 
 Production and employment of heat and cold. 
 
 211. Chinic, Simard, Methot & Co., Quebec, Lower Canada. Stoves. 
 
 212. Macklin, (0. S.) Chippewa, Upper Canada. A stove. 
 
 213. Prowse (G. F.) Montreal, Lower Canada. Refriserators. 
 Rodden, already named. A kitchen stove, 
 
 RECA PITULATION 
 | 
 OF THE ARTICLES COMPRISED IN CLASSES FOUR TO NINE INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Scales, pulleys, leather hose, fire engines, bellows, harnesses, 
 hames, trunks, saddles, whips, yokes for oxen, pleasure carriages, railroad 
 spikes, morticing machine, planing and turning machines, brick making 
 machine, nail making machine, steam cultivator, sewing machine, spinning 
 whecls, an engineer’s level, a refrigerator, stoves. 
 
 PRICES. 
 FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES. 
 Scales, from £12 105. to £20. 
 
 Pulleys, from 1s. to 1s. 144 per inch in diameter. 
 Hose for Fire Engines, 5s. per linear foot. 
 
 Fire Engines, according to size, from £40 to £800. 
 Forge bellows, from £7 10 to £15. 
 
 Carriage harnesses, from £20 to £50,. 
 
 Working harness from £5 to £100. 
 
 Leather trunks, from £1 15s. to £10. 
 
 Saddles, from £5 to £15. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 176 
 
 TRS SE er mss etes dome rm RE APR PAPE SI EN EF DER TITI ns RARE USE MEN EVENE D" ARBRE V7 € ir mel mosnsiciétstts ll 
 
 Pleasure carriages, (similar to those exhibited) from #90 to £175. 
 Lanterns for Locomotives, 426 105. 
 
 Portable forge, £7 10s. 
 
 Drilling machine, £30. 
 
 Braces £1 108. 
 
 Morticing machine, 425. 
 
 Planing machine, £75 to £190. 
 
 Turning machine, 425. 
 
 Brick making machine, £12 10s. 
 
 Nail making machine,, about £75. 
 
 Plough worked by steam, (a new invention) £800. 
 Sewing machine, £25 10s. 
 
 Engineers level, #30. 
 
 Refrigetator, £9 10s. 
 
 kEMARKS. 
 
 It could not reasonably be expected that Canada, where it is so difficult to 
 procure labor, to turn to advantage the great number of natural produc- 
 tof which the soil itself contains, on account of the comparative scarceness 
 both of capital and workmen, should contribute any extensive collection 
 of articles, for the most part belonging to those classes of manufactures 
 which require a low rate of labor, and a large consumption, and which are 
 adapted to an advanced stage of society. Nevertheless, Canadian manu- 
 factures have already gained distinction in England in those branches con- 
 nected with the construction of fire engines, pleasure carriages, and 
 various other articles. 
 
 If Canada could have sent to the Exhibition a model of its large saw 
 mills in that section of mechanism having reference to forestry, she might 
 have competed with all other countries in that branch. For instance, a 
 model plan of the large saw mill at Montmorency, near Quebec, or of that 
 at Chicoutimi, on the Saguenay, containing each from 80 to 120 saws, and 
 which furnish for exportation from 10,000 to 20,000 tons of sawn lumber 
 each per year—would have been an object of great interest. 
 
 We cannot leave the subject of the preceding classes without saying a 
 word touching a new and purely Canadian invention, which was sent at 
 great expense to Paris, to receive the verdict of the International Jury—I 
 allude to the steam plough or steam cultivator. For several years past 
 mechanics have applied themselves to the serious and difficult task of 
 applying steam as a motive power to ploughing ; but all the efforts made 
 up to the present time have been, it may almost be said, futile. 
 
 
 
7 ” 
 —— + = LES 
 g ' - mt L t— ou DE TE Rd T2 TA us ms -- T4 
 PRE RE ss pr get 
 
 Er : ” ne à 
 
 
 
 À 
 
 177 
 
 
 
 Recently in England, several machines invented for the purpose of solving 
 this difficult problem, were tried at an exhibition held for the purpose, 
 À newspaper giving an account of these trials, says : ‘ Another disap- 
  pointment ! the steam plough is not yet in existence ! Shall it be said 
 & that steam cannot be applied to agricultural purposes!” 
 
 The Canadian machine, which is at present in Paris, —the name of whose 
 inventor we shall not mention (to remain faithful to the promise we gave 
 not to mention any name in the course of our remarks)—has already been 
 tried in London. It was worked there, but only for a short time, on ac- 
 count of a deficiency in the construction of the ordinary boilers. Several 
 competent persons in England and Scotland have foretold, that notwith- 
 standing this deficiency, it would soon be successful. 
 
 Since that time the inventor has devoted all his energy and attention to 
 the construction of a new species of boiler adapted to the working of the 
 machine. [n a few days the steam plough and its new boiïler will be sub- 
 mitted to proof, at an experimental trial. If this trial be successful, one of 
 the most difficult problems of the present age will have been solved ; ifit 
 be not satisfactory, it is to be hoped that the inventor will always be favor- 
 ably remembered for the efforts he has made, and that Canada will be 
 looked upon with consideration for the sacrifices she has made in assisting 
 him to carry out his object. 
 
 TENTH CLASS. 
 
 CHEMICALS, 
 DYEING AND DYE-STUFFS, PAPER, LEATHER AND CAOUTCHOUC MANUFACTURES, 
 
 SECTION 1. 
 Chemical Productions. 
 
 214. Brennan (P.,) Montreal, Lower Canada.  Potash. 
 
 215. Carr (D.,) Toronto, Upper Canada. Glue. 
 
 216. Lyman (William,) Montreal, Lower Canada.  Alkaline Salts, 
 
 017. MacFurland (A.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Glue. 
 
 918. Townsend (T. H.,) Chatham, Upper Canada. Chemical productions. 
 
 SECTION 2. 
 Oùls, Resins, Essences, Soaps, Varnish, Ochres, &rc. 
 
 219. Archambault (A.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Harness Varnish. 
 220. Fisher (T.,) Rivière des Prairies, Lower Canada. Oil of Sesamum. 
 M 
 

 
 178 
 
 
 
 mt, 
 
 251. Fox (C. D.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Neat’s-foot Oil. 
 
 222. Hearle (J. G.,) Osnabruck, Upper Canada.  Toilet Soaps. 
 
 223. Keefer (T. C:) Montreal, Lower Canada. Oil of the small black 
 Porpoise (Delphinus minor.) 
 
 224. Laflamme (A:,) Montreal, Lower Canada,  Oilcloths, 
 
 225. Lepage (L. J.,) Rimouski, Lower Canada.  Porpoise Oil. 
 
 226: Levéque (M.,) Rimouski, Lower Canada.  Porpoise Oil. 
 
 227. Lyman (S.J.,) Montreal, Lower Canada.  Wax. 
 
 228. Lyman ( W.) Montreal, Lower Canada.  Linseed, Seal, Whale, Néat’s 
 foot, Lard, Cedar, Spruce, and Pine Oils; wax. 
 
 229. Tetu (Charles H.,) Rivière Ouelle, Lower Canada. Clarified Seal, 
 Porpoise, Whale, Shark and Capelin Oils. 
 
 
 
 SECTION 3. 
 Caoutchouc and Gutla Percha. 
 230. Montreal India Rubber Company, Montreal, Lower Canada. India 
 Rubber Boots and Shoes. 
 SECTION 4. 
 Leather and Skins. 
 
 281. Houghton and Wallace, Brantford, Upper Canada. Leathers. 
 
 2382. Macklin (0. S.,) Chippewa, Upper Canada. Leathers. 
 
 233. Tetu (Charles H.,) Rivière Ouelle, Lower Canada. Porpoise Leather. 
 
 234. Valois (Narcisse,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Tanned Leather and 
 
 Dyed Sheepskins. 
 SECTION 5. 
 Paper and Pasteboard. 
 235. Andres (S. R.,) Chambly, Lower Canada. Paper manufactured from 
 Gnaphalium or Immortelle. 
 SECTION 6. 
 Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing, dre: 
 
 286.FGingras (Pierre,) Quebec, Lower Canada. Dyed furs. 
 
 237. Lyman (W.,) £ Co., Montreal, Lower Canada. A collection of in- 
 digenous dyeing plants, consisting of alder, white oak, butternut, 
 and poplar bark, carthamum, golden rod, and sumach leaves. 
 
 SECTION 7. 
 Colors, Inks, and Chalks. 
 238. Taché (J. C.,) and Michaud (T.,) Rimouski, Lower Canada. Mineral 
 
 paints, grey, and others ; both raw and prepared. 
 
p* ‘4 
 ” : : | 
 
 . til — D 1 ER. 
 TE ET = sm tnt —.1Æ- ns né ‘ts pos en ps … 
 
 
 
 EE — ———————— ———— —— ————— 
 E——— gare — —_—_——— =_—=— _— Es = 
 
 —- — - + 
 
 
 
 SECTION 8. 
 
 Tobacco, Opium, and other Narcotics. 
 
 239. Marmette Dr.,) Montmagny, Lower Canada. Tobacco, 
 240. Wilson (D.,) Toronto, Upper Canada. Tobacco. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 NAMES OF ARTICLES CONTAINED IN THE TENTH CLASS. 
 
 Potash, glue, alkaline sälts, chemical productions, varnish for leather, 
 oil of sesamum, Neat's-foot ail, little black porpoise, (Delphinus minor,) 
 whale, seal, porpoise, capelan, shark, lard, cedar, pine, and spruce oils, soaps, 
 oil cloths, india rubber boots and shoes, leather, porpoise leather, paper 
 manüfactured from gnaphalium, dyed furs, plants for dyeing, mineral paints, 
 tobacco. 
 
 PRICES. 
 
 The prices of several of the articles above mentioned, are regulated by 
 that of the foreign markets ; the quantity manufactured not being sufficient 
 to meet the demand :—Potash of commerce varies from 15s. to 25s. per 
 cwt. ; oils from cetacea and fish vary as to their price, as has already been 
 stated in class 2, according to their different kinds and qualities, from 1044. 
 to 1s. 3d. per quart ; oil and gums of trees from 4s. to 7s. per quart. 
 
 Porpoise leather, generally speaking, 1s worth 30s. per side, that is, the 
 half of a hide ; these sides are, on an average, 9 feet in length, by about 
 4 feet in breadth. 
 
 Mineral paints are so abundant, that the price of the raw material on 
 the spot does not exceed 160 for every 100 of the cost of the labor; we 
 may say that they can be had at the place of collection for 5s. per 200cwt. 
 Canadian tobacco sells for about 7d. per Ib, 
 
 It is useless to give the constantly varying prices of articles which are 
 not exported from Canada.  Âs regards imported articles, European prices 
 will suffice for the information of merchants who may be desirous of 
 shipping to Canada. It is evident that if they can do a successful business 
 here, nothing can prevent them from over-coming all competition there, as 
 our Tariff of Customs, which, for most imported articles, varies from 8 to 
 10 per cent., ad valorem, extends the same conditions to all. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 180 
 
 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Potash and other vegetable alkalis, form a very considerable branch of 
 the exportation of the country. Settiers, when cutting down and burning 
 the forests, generally convert a portion of the ashes into alkalis of com- 
 merce. In 1853, there were exported to foreign countries 27,074 barrels 
 of potash and pearlash, estimated at the aggregate value of £156,791 ; this 
 makes the average price less than that quoted above. It, however, may 
 probably not be exact. Oils from cetacea and fish, in the different states 
 of purity, furnished for exportation, were exported during the same year 
 to the extent of 18,225 gallons, of which the estimated value was £2,247. 
 This amount does not include the extensive exportation by the Hudson’s 
 Bay Company; and it is but an insignificant amount, compared with 
 the immense resources of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The oils exhibited 
 at Paris, in the Canadian section, are of superior quality, prepared by 
 a special process for the lighting of light-houses ; comparatively speak- 
 ing, with respect to the price, these clarified oïls are more economical than 
 the common oils. 
 
 I must draw attention once more to the quality possessed by the oil of 
 the cetacea called in Canada, little black porpoise, {Delphinus minor) of 
 resisting the frost. 
 
 Leather made of the skin of the porpoise which has become altogether 
 a new article of Canadian manufacture, deserves special mention. Looking 
 at its strength, elasticity and beauty it offers incalculable advantages over 
 articles ofthe same kind. It possesses besides, a particular property which 
 may be of great advantage to a great many manufactures and especially 
 Parisian manufactures, that of being of greater service than any other sub- 
 stance in the polishing of metals. 
 
 Paper made from the immortelle is a manufacture quite recently intro- 
 duced, and one which yet requires the sanction of practice and experience. 
 It is made of the flowers of the gnaphalium, a plant common enough in its 
 wild state, in certain unsettled parts of America. 
 
 The dyed furs exhibited in this class are, as specimens, destined to shew 
 the perfection of a particular process for dyeing furs. The specimens com- 
 prise red martin dyed as sables, and which are so perfect as to deceive the 
 eye of the most competent judge. By way of comparison a red martin is 
 attached to the martins dyed. The value of the red martin skin is on an 
 average 10s, that of the sable 30s., that of red martin skin dyed 20s. The 
 cost of the process of dyeing is about 8s. per skin, including the profit 
 and loss ofthe dyer. 
 
It will be sufficient to examine the beautiful bright colors of the speci- 
 mens of fancy work worked by our Indians, to see that our forests are rich 
 in the primary materials for the finest dyes. 
 
 Amongst the ochres and other mineral paints, which are found in abun- 
 dance, there is a clay which furnishes a natural grey color, and which, if used, 
 might give to commerce a common paint, at a much lower price than any 
 of those now known in the markets. This paint is remarkably adapted for 
 coloring and sanding buildings, and for the grounding employed in many of 
 the arts. Canadian tobacco was formerly, under the French rule, one of 
 the principle articles of commerce. Itis certain that, were it grown with 
 care, it would become an excellent product ;- as it is now cultivated in 
 Canada, it is a plant which requires scarcely any care, but which, neverthe- 
 less, when in good condition, is held in high favor. 
 
 ELEVENTH CLASS. 
 
 PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION OF ARTICLES OF FOOD. 
 
 SECTION 1. 
 Flour, Starch and their combinations. 
 
 241. Gamble (W.) Etobicoke, Upper Canada. Flour of wheat, barley, 
 buckwheat and peas, Indian corn and oatmeal. 
 
 249. Füitts (Clark,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Biscuits. 
 
 243. Lacombe (Mrs.), St. Michel, Lower Canada.  Potato starch. 
 
 944. Lawson (Edward), Toronto, Upper Canada.  Wheat flour, and biscuits, 
 
 245. Macdougall (J.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Wheat flour. 
 
 246. Naysmith (John), Toronto, Upper Canada. Biscuits. 
 
 247. Platt (Samuel,) Blenheim, Upper Canada. Wheat flour. 
 
 248. Proctor (J. D.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Indian corn flour. 
 
 249. Robb (John) Montreal, Lower Canada. Biscuits. 
 
 250. Southwick (M. B.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Indian corn starch. 
 
 251. Thomas (Richard,) Montreal. Lower Canada. Buckwheat flour. 
 
 SECTION 2. 
 
 Sugars and Saccharine Matters. 
 
 252, Gasse (Louis,) Rimouski, Lower Canada. Maple Sugar. 
 
 253. Redpath (J.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Maple and other sugars in 
 the raw and refined state. 
 
 254. Taylor (James,) Hatley, Lower Canada. Maple Sugar. 
 
 255. Valois (Nurcisse,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Maple sugar and syrup. 
 
 
 

 
 182 
 
 re ——— ——— _ — mn a ——— - ———— — a 
 EEE ER na te — — _ — nat ——#— 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SECTION 4 
 
 Preserved and Manufactured Articles of food and sauces. 
 
 256. Ashton (J. P.,) Montreal, Lower Canada.  Pickles. 
 
 257. Bauden (TJ. & W.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Bear hams. 
 
 208. Crawford ( W.,) Toronto, Upper Canada. Mustard. 
 
 259. Idler (E.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Preserved meats. 
 
 260. Leonard (P.,) Toronto, Upper Canada. Chicory. 
 
 261. Mochrie (George.,) Montreal, Lower Canada.  Preserved meats. 
 
 262. Moyer and Keating, Louth, Upper Canada. Dried fruits. 
 
 268. Shaw (Alexander.) Toronto, Upper Canada. Chicory. 
 
 264. Southwick (M. B.,) Montreal, Lower Canada, Preserved meats, 
 potatoes and apples. * 
 
 265. Thomas (Richard,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Sausages. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. ; 
 
 NAMES OF ARTICLES CONTAINED IN THE ELEVENTH CLASS, 
 
 Wheat, barley, buckwheat and pea flour, oat and Indian meals, biscuits, 
 potato starch; maple sugar, maple syrup; pickles; hams, bear hams ; 
 mustard ; preserved meats : chicory ; dried fruits; preserved potatoes. 
 
 PRICES. 
 
 Flour of merchantable wheat from 20s. to 308. per barrel, (196 Ibs.) 
 according to the quality ; other flour sells from 26 to 40 per cent. cheaper, 
 according to circumstances and quality. 
 
 Ship biscuit from 14s. to 20s, per cwt. 
 
 Maple-sugar from.3d. to 74d. per Ib. 
 
 Maple syrup about 74d. per quart. 
 
 Hams sell, from 25s. to 30s. per 100 Ibs. 
 
 Salt pork from 50s. to 60s. per barrel, (about 2 cwt.) 
 
 Salt beef from 40s. to 505. per barrel. 
 
 It must be remarked, that the rise in the price of articles of food during 
 the last few years, forces us to give maximum prices, which were very sel- 
 dom obtained before ; besides, it will be understood, that these prices are: 
 merely quoted here, for the purpose of giving a general idea of the condition 
 of the Canadian exporting market. It will be felt that it is indeed a 
 
#5 = _ 
 
 z € . . ‘+ ‘ 
 _ sis." 1 14 — 
 = _ . LA ee 22 
 
 : tee ER ä te — = 
 : ES notant = Pr RE D nes = 
 sise nd ET EEE > = — 
 ns nu « L rt ne nu = — 
 RE RE EE ——- mn 
 
 
 
 er — 
 
 difficult task, when we consider the extent of the country and the number- 
 less fluctuations, which have taken place during the last few years. We 
 therefore confine ourselves to quoting the prices at the shipping ports of 
 Quebec and Montreal, with all the caution necessary on so delicate a subject. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 This class contains those articles, which, next to timber, furnish the 
 greatest proportion of the exportsfrom Canada. The following is a succinet 
 statement of the quantity quoted from the Customs Returns for 1855 :— 
 
 Flour, 790,000 barrels, (196 Ibs. per barrel); biscuit, 9,608 cwt. 
 salt pork and hams, 24,500 cwt. The other items are resolved into a 
 number of small details, which it would be useless to give here, The 
 value according to the returns of this year of the exportation of flour 
 alone, is £1,062,208, making, in round numbers, an average value of 27s. 
 per barrel. The flour comprised in the above is of superior qaulity, hardly 
 any other than wheat flour is ever exported. 
 
 All these articles undergo inspection, and the most.ample security 
 is given to the purchaser; they are held in high repute in the English 
 markets, to which they are almost exclusively shipped. 
 
 The maple sugar, of which we have already spoken, is not exported in 
 quantities worth mentioning, nor is the maple syrup, which is nevertheless, 
 in every respect, superior to the best West India molasses. 
 
 It may not be out of place to mention here that the value to Canada of 
 the exportation of agricultural productions, which, in their classificaticn 
 are divided into separate classes as exported, is equal to a sum of at least 
 £2,000,000 per annum, that is to say, an exportation to the amount 
 of 205. for each individual of the population, or of £6 for every head of a 
 family, and £12 10s. for every farmer. Thus the Canadian farmer is not 
 Phomme aux quarante écus, as, after having enjoyed and paid for all the 
 necessaries of life, he makes a clear profit of about £12 10s. 
 
 By way of comparison, we give below the Liverpool market price of the 
 two principal articles referred to, taken from an annual circular, which 
 serves as a standard for 1853. During the autumn of that year, flour of good 
 quality was selling in Liverpool at from £2 to £2 10s. per barrel, and salt 
 pork of good quality, from £3 15s. to £4 B5s. per barrel; thus flour was 
 worth about £1 3s. more than it was in Canada, and for pork also there 
 was an advance of £1 3s. per barrel. It should be remarked that this 
 excess of price covers the freight, which was very heavy at that period, 
 the cost of insurance, besides storage and the profits and losses of the 
 
 
 

 
 Eee mp = sm TE gr 
 
 184 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 merchants. This shews a return profit for Europe of an average far below 
 the rates above mentioned, which are a collection of all the maximum 
 prices of the market, at a period of scarcity. 
 
 TWELFTH CLASS. 
 
 HYGIENE, PHARMACY, MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 
 
 SECTION 8. 
 Hygiene and Medicinal use of Water Vapour and Gases. 
 
 266. eological Commission of Canada, Montreal, Lower Canada. Natural 
 acid Water of Tuscarora, in Upper Canada. 
 
 SECTION 4. 
 
 Pharmaceutics. 
 
 261. Ardouin (A.) Quebec, Lower Canada. Collection of Medicina] plants, 
 consisting of althæa officinalis, carthamus tinctorius, coptis trifolia, 
 pyrola umbellata, sanguinaria Canadensis, smilax aspera. 
 
 268. Croft (H.) Toronto, Upper Canada. Officinal preparations. 
 
 269. Giroux (Olivier), Quebec, Lower Canada. Balsam and oil of spruce, 
 sarsaparilla, dragons blood, and gold-thread ; extracts of cicuta, 
 hyosciamus, and aconite. 
 
 270. Lesperance (Joseph) of St. Thomas, Lower Canada. Cod-liver oil. 
 
 271. Naull (Dr.), Quebec, Lower Canada. Castoreum. 
 
 SECTION 6. 
 
 Human and comparative Anatomy. 
 
 272. Booth (J.), Niagara, Upper Canada. Stuffed animals. 
 
 278. Kennedy (D.), Toronto, Upper Canada. Skins of birds from Upper 
 Canada. 
 
 274. MacCulloch (Mrs) Montreal, Lower Canada Collection of Cana- 
 dian birds. 
 
 
 
 
 
185 
 
 
 
 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 NAMES OF ARTICLES COMPRISED IN THE TWELFTH CLASS, 
 
 Mineral waters ; medical plants ; officinal preparations ; Canada balsam ; 
 oil of spruce ; pharmaceutical extracts ; cod-liver oil ; castoreum ; stuffed 
 animals ; skins of Canadian birds ; collection of Canadian birds. 
 
 PRICES. 
 
 Às the greater part of the above-mentioned articles are not likely to be 
 interesting, very speedily, as matters of commerce, Î here subjoin the 
 prices of only a few which are now known to commerce. 
 
 Canadian balsam (pine gum), 4s. 6d. per quart. 
 
 Oil of spruce, 7s. per quart. 
 
 Cod-liver oil, 4s. 6d. per quart. 
 
 Castoreum (the natural bag) 2s. 6d. per Ib. 
 
 Extract of hyosciamus, 16s. per Ib. 
 
 “ of cicuta, 16s. per Ib. 
 “ of aconite, 24s. per Ib. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 In the space allotted to these notes, there is but little to be said relative 
 to the articles of this class. The only substances capable of becoming 
 objects of export and national commerce are: the vegetable oils and gums 
 known as Canadian balsam, oil of spruce, or Canada turpentine ; cod- 
 liver oil, and castoreum. 
 
 The gums and the turpentine produced in our forests are valuable in 
 the preparation of the finest kinds of varnish, We can furnish at com- 
 paratively low prices, cod-liver oil, which our fishery establishments pre- 
 pare inthe greatest perfection. It is unnecessary to speak of castoreum, 
 as we are alone in the production of the article as an object of commerce. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 THIRTEENTH CLASS, 
 
 : 
 
 Ê 
 
 | 
 
 |! | NAVAL AND MILITARY SCIENCE. 
 
 mt, st BREST 
 
 SECTION 1. | 
 Principal elements used in Shipbuilding and the Art of Navigation. 
 
 275. Clarke (Mrs. James), Montreal, Lower Canada. Pulleys. 
 276. Hood & Brothers, of Montreal, Lower Canada. Brace. 
 277. Macgregor (A. & D.), Esquesing, Upper Canada. Collection of 
 
 tan cordage. 
 
 Là | 278. Sohier (G. W.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Ship’s figurehead in | 
 | | | wood. 
 | | SECTION 2. | 
 
 | (A1 | Suwimming, Safety, or Driving Apparatus, dc. 
 LE 279. Ash (Lieutenant), Quebec, Lower Canada. Model of a safety raft, 
 280. Thomas (Captain), Toronto, Upper Canada. Model of a safety raft. 
 
 SECTION 3. 
 
 Drawings and Models of the various systems of Naval Architecture “el | 
 on the Rivers, Canals, and Lakes. 
 
 281. Hudson (Captain), Toronto, Upper Canada. Models of boats. 
 282, Cantin (A.), Montreal, Lower Canadn. Oars. : 
 
 SECTION 4. 
 
 
 
 Drawings and Models of the systems of Naval Architecture adapted, for 
 Seagoing, Merchant, and Fishing Vessels. 
 283. Lee (Thomas C.), Quebec, Lower Canada. Models of clippers and 
 steamers. 3 
 1 À 
 
 { Ver | 
 b À re 
 
 ? 
 F* 
 

 
 
 FOURTEENTH CLASS. 
 BUILDING MATERIALS, AND ARCHITECTURE. 
 SECTION 1. 
 
 Building Materials. 
 
 284. Brown (R.), from Rice Lake, Upper Canada. Marmora marble. 
 
 285. Brown (James), St. Catherines, Upper Canada. Cement from 
 Thorold, and the stone in its natural state. 
 
 286. Calway (James), St. Joseph, Lower Canada. Granite from Vau- 
 dreuil. (Beauce.) | 
 
 287. Cheesman (R.), Philipsburg, Lower Canada. Marble from St. 
 Armand”s. 
 
 288. (eological Commission of Canada, Montreal, Lower Canada. Marble 
 from Dudswell, and Missisquoi Bay ; serpentines from. Brompton 
 and Oxford ; block of limestone (cut), from Gloucester, and white 
 bricks from Westminster. 
 
 289. Shipton Slate Company, Shipton, Lower Canada, Roofing slates. 
 
 290. Grand Trunk Railway Company, Montreal, Lower Canada. Specimens 
 Of the various kinds of stone in the building of the Bridges or 
 Raïlways, (Grey Granite and Limestone.) 
 
 291. auvreau (Pierre,) Quebec, Lower Canada. Quebec cement and the 
 stone In its natural state ; a pipe made of cement. 
 
 292: Guy (3.), Melbourne, Lower Canada. Roofing Slate. 
 
 | 293. Hilliard and Dickson, Packenhan, Upper Canada. Building Stone 
 
 . (Limestone.) 
 
 294. Huichison and Morrison, Montreal, Lower Canada. A block of 
 Limestone (cut.) 
 
 295. Jarvis (W. B.), Sheriff of Toronto, Toronto, Upper Canada. Build- 
 ing materials. (Bricks, &c.) 
 
 296. Keefer (Samuel), Brockville, Upper Canada. Building Stone for the 
 
 ; Bridges on the Brockville and Arnprior Railway, (Sandstone and 
 
 Limestone.) 
 
 
 
 297. Kecfer (Thomas C.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Blocks of Limestone. 
 
 (cut) and hardened hydraulic cement. 
 
 298. Leeming (John), Montreal, Lower Canada.  Blocks of Limestone, cut 
 with a machine. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ÿ 
 : 
 4 
 1 
 | 
 
 
 
 300. 
 301. 
 302. 
 303. 
 
 304. 
 305. 
 306. 
 
 307. 
 308. 
 
 309, 
 810. 
 
 911, 
 
 913, 
 
 314. 
 
 188 
 
 
 
 ———_—__————_—__—— 
 
 . Lemieux (Honorable François), Quebec, Lower Canada. Granite 
 
 and other building stone from Lorette, Pointe aux Trembles, and 
 Cap Rouge. 
 
 Leslie (James), Sherbrooke, Lower Canada. Roofing Slates. 
 
 Little, Paris, Upper Canada. Hydraulic Limestone. 
 
 MacDonald, Chats, Upper Canada. Blocks of Limestone (cut.) 
 
 Maclaughlin (D.), Bytown, Upper Canada. Marble and Building 
 Stone from Arnprior. 
 
 Perry (Edmund), Brockville, Upper Canada. Blocks of Limestone 
 (cut.) 
 
 Primmerman (J.), Barnston, Lower Canada. Barnston Granite. 
 
 Tardif (Joseph), Tring, Lower Canada. Roofing Slates. 
 
 Townley (Mrs.), Toronto, Upper Canada. White Bricks. 
 
 White (P.), Pembroke, Upper Canada. Building Stone (Sandstone.) 
 
 SECTION 2. 
 Various branches of Industry connected with Building. 
 
 Fox (D. W.), Toronto, Upper Canada. Specimens of Slate Roofing. 
 
 Ostell (J.) and Co., Montreal, Lower Canada. Doors, Blinds, and 
 Wooden Boxes. A model of the Court House at Montreal. 
 
 Murphy (3.), Toronto, Upper Canada. Specimens of Painting in 
 imitation of wood and marble. 
 
 SECTION D. 
 
 Works connected with inland Navigation. 
 
 . Office of Public Works, Quebec, Lower Canada. Models for Canals 
 
 and Bridges. 
 
 SECTION 8. 
 Bridges. 
 
 Director of the Grand Trunk Railway, Montreal, Lower Canada. 
 Model of the Victoria Bridge. 
 
 SECTION 10. 
 
 Thomas (W.), Toronto, Upper Canada. Architectural designs, and 
 model of a Monumental Obelisk. 
 
 
 
189 
 
 FIFTEENTH CLASS. 
 
 STEEL AND ITS PRODUCTS. 
 SECTION 5. 
 Steel Tools. 
 
 315. Date (H. H.), Galt, Upper Canada. Edged Tools. 
 
 316. Dawson (J.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Set of Planes. 
 
 317. Higgins (J. J.), and Co., Montreal, Lower Canada. Axes. 
 
 318, Jones (D. J.), Gananoque, Upper Canada. Shovels and Spades. 
 319. Parkin (W.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Iron Shovels. 
 
 320. Scott (Robert), Montreal, Lower Canada. Axes and Augers. 
 321. Wallace (W.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Set of Planes. 
 
 
 
 SIXTEENTH CLASS. 
 GENERAL METAL WORK. 
 SECTION 1. 
 Elaboration of Metals and Alloys by Casting. 
 
 322. Ladd (C. P.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Cast Metal Coffin. 
 329. Rodden (W.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Castings. 
 324, Rice (W. H.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Sieve and Wire Cloth. 
 
 SECTION 5, 
 Tronmongery and Nail making. 
 
 329. Peck (Thomas) and Co., Montreal, Lower Canada. Nails. 
 
 SEVENTEENTH CLASS. 
 GOLDSMITHS’ WORK, JEWELLERY, MANUFACTURE OF BRONZES. 
 SECTION 3. 
 
 Goldsmiths Work, and Precious Metals. 
 826. Bohle and Hendery, Lower Canada. Silver Plates. 
 
 
 

 
 190 
 
 memes 
 EE AAA QE QG QU 
 
 EIGHTEENTH CLASS. 
 
 GLASS AND POTTERY. 
 
 SECTION 2. 
 Window and Mirror Glass. 
 327. Spence (J. C.,) Montreal, Lower Canada. Stained Glass. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 NAMES OF ARTICLES CONTAINED IN CLASSES XIII TO XX INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Pulleys, braces, collections of cordage, figure-heads for ships, models of 
 rafts for salvage, models of boats, oars, models of ships and steamboats, 
 marble and building stone, cements, slates, bricks, doors, windows and 
 Venetian blinds, paintings on wood, models of canals and flood gates, model 
 of the Victoria Bridge, architectural designs and design for a monument ; 
 edged tools, cabinet maker and joiners tools, axes, shovels, cast-iron coffin, 
 cast-iron ornaments, metal plates for dropping seeds, rails, articles of 
 jewellery, stained glass. 
 
 PRICES. 
 
 In order to be consistent in following out the plan of noticing only those 
 articles under this head which may become immediately interesting to the 
 commercial world, we have but few of the preceding to particularise, in 
 relation to their prices. The succeeding remarks will convey all other 
 information which is of value. 
 
 Boat oars 1s. 6d. to 8s. each, according to size. 
 
 Woodwork of sashes 9s. 
 
 Woodwork of doors 19s. 
 
 Chopping Axes of modern patterns and of the weight of 34 Ibs. 5s. 
 
 Large smoothing Axes 105. 
 
 The price of other tools in proportion. 
 
 
 
REMARKS. 
 
 The specimens of cordage exhibited are of good quality, and give us 
 reason to regret that the cultivation of hemp has been almost abändoned 
 in Canada. Under the French Government, the exportation of this article 
 Was an important item in the trade of the colony ; the soil, climate and 
 degree of humidity being highly favorable to its growth. 
 
 The perfection to which naval architecture has arrived in Canada is 
 shewn by the models of ships and steamboats exhibited. It must be re- 
 collected that Quebec is one of the largest ship-yards in the world, if it 
 be not, indeed, the largest of all. There were built there in 1853, fifty 
 sea-going ships, of the aggregate tonnage of 49,541 tons, of the value, at 
 the high rates then current in the English market, of £600,000. I invite 
 attention to an apparatus for the saving of life and property, the simplicity 
 and efficiency of which are well worthy of notice. This admirable inven- 
 tion would, if adopted, be a safeguard rendering loss by shipwreck almost 
 impossible. 
 
 The models exhibited, of some of our great public works and buildings, 
 the specimens of building stone and other materials were sent principally 
 with a view to shew the state of the industrial arts in the colony, and its 
 material resources. The plans and drawing of our large canals and of the 
 Victoria Bridge works which may be termed gigantic in character are cal. 
 culated to produce some degree of astonishment in the public mind. 
 Among the building materials some very fine hydraulic cement will be 
 noticed. The edged and other tools have attracted a good deal of attention 
 both by the perfection of the workmanship and their cheapness, both 
 qualities so remarkable that it is needless to invite attention to them. 
 
 We now come to the wooden manufactured articles, namely, the doors, 
 window-sashes, oars, turners’, coopers’, and other wares of various kinds. 
 The great importance of this branch will be appreciated, when it is recol- 
 lected that our vast forests are intérsected in all directions by large rivers, 
 capable of floating heavy bodies, navigable, and abounding with water- 
 powers. These circumstances operating with the vast means cf transport 
 adapted to the most bulky articles of commerce, give to Canada great ad. 
 Vantages over every other country, and truly may we maintain, that we 
 can send to Europe, the timber, or the articles manufactured from it, at 
 paying prices, far below those of any other country. Packing-cases are 
 sent from Canada to the East Indies, the cost of which answers the views 
 both of the producer and the customer. 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 192 
 RE 
 
 This is in the natural order of things, and is not the result of European 
 patronage, although the nations of Europe are more interested in the mat- 
 ter than we, since it is their wants which are to be supplied. On com- 
 paring the returns of the exports for 1851 with those for 1858, the annual 
 = crease of this branch of our industrial prosperity will be strikingly appar- 
 ent : the exportation of standard staves, which, in 1851, amounted in 
 round numbers to £20,500, attained the value of £100,000 in 1853; that 
 of ship timbers, which in 1851, did not exceed £9,450, amounted in 1853 
 to £27,000 ; and the apparently unimportant article of boat oars, which, 
 in 1851, was not mentioned in the return, had in 1853, attained the value 
 of £3,660. 
 
 When we say that all these articles are shipped for England, it is to be 
 understood that the other countries of Europe might purchase them with 
 equal advantage, inasmuch as the English occasionally re-export them to 
 
 other countries. 
 
 ee 
 
 TWENTIETH CLASS. 
 
 WOOLLEN AND WORSTED MANUFACTURES. 
 
 SECTION 2. 
 Raw Woo! and Hair. 
 398. Carr, (J.), Toronto, Upper Canada. Horse hair. 
 
 SECTION 9. 
 Fabrics of Wool, carded and malled. 
 
 2309. Barber and Brothers, Esquesing, Upper Canada. Cloths. Wool. 
 
 330. Bean, (Simon), Hatley, Lower Canada. Stockings and woollen shawls, 
 counterpanes and flannels. 
 
 331. Bouchard, (Mde.), Saint Vallier, Lower Canada. Woollen articles. 
 
 832. Bryce, McMurrich £ Co., Toronto, Upper Canada.  Woollen cloths. 
 
 333. Colby, (Mrs.), Hatley, Lower Canada. Stockings, Shawls, Flannel. 
 
 334. Lacombe, (Mde.), St. Michel, Lower Canada. Country Woollen 
 Cloth. 
 
 335. Torrey, (D.), Newmarket, Upper Canada. Cloths. 
 
 336. Valois, (Narcisse), Montreal, Lower Canada. Woollen cloth. 
 
 337. Walker, (Robert), Toronto, Upper Canada. Cloths. 
 
 
 
 
 
193 
 
 
 
 TWENTY-SECOND CLASS. 
 FLAX AND HEMP MANUFACTURES. 
 SECTION 4. 
 Yarns' and Threads of Linen, Hemyp, and other fibres, dc. 
 
 338. Sisters”of Charity, Montreal, Lower Canada. Linen Thread. 
 339. Bouchard, (Mde.), St. Vallier, Lower Canada. Linen Thread. 
 
 
 
 TWENTY-THIRD CLASS. 
 
 HOSIERY, CARPETS, EMBROIDERY, AND LACE WORK, GOLD AND SILVER 
 FRINGES, ETC. 
 
 SECTION 3. 
 Knitted Work. 
 
 840. Æbenezer, (S.), Toronto, Upper Canada. Woollen Gloves. 
 
 841. Harper, (Mrs.), Etobicoke, Upper Canada. Woollen Stockings. 
 342. Moore, (Mrs.), Etobicoke, Upper Canada. Woollen Stockings. 
 343. Masson, (Mrs.), Etobicoke, Upper Canada. Woollen Stockings. 
 344.%Silverthorn,Mrs.), Cooksville, Upper Canada.  Counterpanes, 
 845. Stiffel, (Mrs.), Toronto, Upper Canada. Counterpanes. 
 
 SECTION 6. 
 Embroidery. 
 
 346. Langevin, (Mde.), Montreal, Lower Canada. A Table-cover. 
 347. Vancelow, (Mrs.), Montreal, Lower Canada. À Table-cover. 
 SECTION 7. 
 
 Lace Work. 
 348. Senkler (Miss), Brockville, Upper Canada. Needle-work. 
 
 
 

 
 194 
 
 
 
 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 NAMES OF ARTICLES COMPRISED IN CLASSES XX TO XXII INCLUSIVE, 
 
 Horse-hair, cloths, and wools, woollen stockings, woollen shawls, 
 woollen counterpanes, flannels, woollen fabrics, termed country cloths, 
 linen thread, coarse linen cloth, thread, knitted articles, thread-lace, woollen 
 gloves, woollen and thread counterpanes, table-covers, knitted articles. 
 
 PRICES. 
 
 The ordinary cloths and stuffs of domestic manufacture, or produced 
 by machinery are sold from 3s. 3d., to 10s. per yard. 
 
 Raw wool for from 94d. to 1s. per Ib. 
 
 Flax prepared for spinning, from 4d. to 6d. per Ib. 
 
 Common flannel from 2s. to 2s. 6d. per yard. 
 
 Coarse linen cloth, from 1s.3d. to 2s. per yard. 
 
 The articles of hosiery, embroïdery, and domestic manufacture, have 
 no fixed value in the market. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The articles in the last mentioned classes were sent to the exhibition 
 merely as specimens of the industrial skill of this country, in that particular 
 department. Itis not to be expected that a small community, fully occu- 
 pied in the ordinary pursuits of life, should have leisure to cultivate those 
 arts which have for their object the rich and luxurious fabrics of European 
 
 service. Enough for us that we can. produce. good coarse cloths of 
 
 woollen and linen materials, which are worthy of notice (particularly 
 those made by farmers’ wives in their own abodes) as being adapted to 
 make clothes for the working man, and for the low price at which they 
 can be affordéd.” A few manufacturers do, however; aim at producing 
 finer and more delicate fabrics. 
 
 Among the articles exhibited there are specimens of knitted and lace- 
 work, caps and other matters in wool, cotton and linen, which are not devoid 
 of interest in respect both of the material and the workmanship. These 
 articles are made at home by farmers” wives; and it is to be observed that 
 such occupations are considerable sources of wealth to their families, and 
 that, moreover, they have a tendency to improve the breed of sheep by the 
 spirit of rivalry which they produce. 
 
 
 
résre tes : = 
 
 ‘ BB TUARS TT 
 union RER se DR En RSA TEREAEE PRET tt 
 
 mms. — - - = en = - _ 
 
 pe 
 
 195 
 
 
 
 TWENTY-FOURTH CLASS, 
 FURNITURE AND DECORATION. 
 SECTION 3. 
 
 Furniture and Cabinetware for Domestic purposes. 
 
 349. Bevis (J.), Hamilton, Upper Canada. Round table. 
 350. Hilion (J, & W.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Sofa and chairs. 
 351. MacGarvey (Owen), Montreal, Lower Canada. Rocking chairs. 
 
 SECTION 4. 
 
 Fancy Furniture and Decorative Articles, in the preparation of which valua- 
 ble woods, Ivory, or Mother-of-Pearl are employed, or which are 
 rendered costly by Carving or Inlaid work, and the addition of Ornaments 
 of value. 
 
 352. Drum (William), Quebec, Lower Canada, Chair covered with 
 
 leather, embroidered with moose hair. 
 
 853, Rhodes (Captain), Quebec, Lower Canada. Chair covered with 
 
 leather, embroidered with moose hair. 
 
 354. Spence (J. C.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Work table of glass, 
 
 painted and gilded. 
 
 355. Waidder (Miss), Toronto, Upper Canada. Drawing-room chair. 
 
 SECTION 5. 
 
 Decorative Furmiture of Wood, or Moulded substances, Gilded or Japanned 
 articles, dc. 
 
 356. Cushing (Mrs.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Fancy frame. 
 357. Hare (Albert), Montreal, Lower Canada. Looking glass frame. 
 SECTION 6. 
 
 Articles of Furniture made of  Reeds, Straw, fc:, Household appendages, 
 Domestic articles. 
 
 358. Boyd (John), Montreal, Lower Canada. Brushes. 
 359. Jenkin (Thomas), Montreal, Lower Canada. Brushes and bristles. : 
 360. IVelson & Butters, Montreal, Lower Canada. Brooms. 
 
 SECTION 7. 
 Tapestry Work. 
 361. Davis (Mrs.), Montreal, Lower Canada, Needle work. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 NAMES OF ARTICLES IN CLASS XXIV. 
 
 Round table of different woods, sofa and chairs, rocking chairs, chairs 
 covered with embroidered leather, glass work table painted and gilded, 
 drawing-room chair, pier glass frame, picture frames, brushes, brooms, 
 decorative needle-work. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The articles exhibited by Canada in this class, while they serve as speci- 
 mens of cabinet and other work connected with household furniture, pre- 
 sent at the same time the qualities of our useful woods. The round table 
 shews them all united in a sort of mosaic work: visitors will remark 
 the beauty of our bird’s eye maple, our black walnut, and, more par- 
 ticularly, of our curled maple, a fine specimen of which is presented in 
 the boudoir chair. 
 
 Upon inspection of a magnificent couch of bird’s eye maple, among 
 the inimitable productions of Parisian cabinet making, Ï was informed, 
 that while the beauty of this wood for purposes of cabinet making and 
 room pannelling was generally appreciated, it was excluded from general 
 use, on account ofits high price, and the difheculty of procuring it. I was 
 surprised at this information, from the fact that this wood is so abundant in 
 Canada as to be used for fuel, and might be furnished in Europe at a price 
 hardly exceeding that given here for pine. The shipment and unloading 
 of timber makes a considerable item in the price which it attains in 
 the market ; these woods being bought second or third hand in the English 
 timber market, all the charges for transhipments, commissions, profit and 
 loss, uncertainty, and the delay, and inadequacy of such a source of sup- 
 ply, must be added to the price which it is really worth. 
 
 
 
197 
 
 
 
 —_—_—_—_—_——— ma 
 
 TWENTY-FIFTH CLASS. 
 ARTICLES OF CLOTHING AND OF FASHION AND FANCY. 
 
 SECTION 2. 
 Linen Drapery, Stays, Braces, and Garters. 
 362. Smiley (Robert), Hamilton, Upper Canada. Shirts. 
 
 SECTION 3. 
 Coats and other Garments. 
 
 363. Gauthier (Edward), Montreal, Lower Canada. Coats of Home 
 made Cloth. 
 
 164. Henderson and Company, Quebec, Lower Canada. Cloth great coat 
 trimmed with beaver. 
 
 365. Wheeler (Thomas), Toronto, Upper Canada. À feather mantilla. 
 
 SECTION 4. 
 Boots, Shoes, Guaiters and Gloves. 
 
 366. Barbeau (Joseph), Quebec, Lower Canada. Caribou and porpoise 
 leather boots. 
 
 367. Eckart (Isaac), Quebec, Lower Canada. Snow shoes and winter 
 boots. 
 
 368. Fisher (Mrs.), Quebec, Lower Canada. Moose hair gloves. 
 
 369. Mercier (D.), Quebec, Lower Canada. Costume of a Huron Chief. 
 
 370. Merrifield & Sheridan, Toronto, Upper Canada. Boots. 
 
 371. Pollard (Mrs), Hamilton, Upper Canada. A pair of worked 
 slippers. 
 
 372. Price (David), Chicoutimi, Lower Canada. Moccasins embroidered 
 with silk, 
 
 373. Scandrett & Robinson, Toronto, Upper Canada. Boots. 
 
 374. Smith & Co., Montreal, Lower Canada. Boots and shoes. 
 
 375. T'aché (J. C.), Rimouski, Lower Canada. Moccasins partly covered 
 with Indian rubber so as to resist cold and damp. 
 
 SECTION 5. 
 Hats and Caps. 
 
 376. Couture (Mrs.), St. Ambroise, Lower Canada. Hay and straw hats 
 and other articles. 
 
 
 

 
 198 
 
 re 
 
 
 
 377. Martel (Mrs.), St. Ambroise, Lower Canada. Hay hats and articles 
 of the same material. 
 
 378. Martel (Miss), Quebec, Lower Canada. Hay hats and other articles 
 of the same material. 
 
 379. Ranger (Mrs.), Acadie, Lower Canada. Straw hats. 
 
 SECTION 7. 
 Fans, Screens, Parasols, Umbrellas, Walking Sticks. 
 380. Jones (Mrs. J.), Montreal, Lower Canada. À screen emnbroidered 
 with wool. 
 881. Partenais (Miss P.), Industry, Lower Canada. Embroidery in 
 wool. 
 
 SECTION 11, 
 Sheaths, Morocco work, Pasteboard work, Basket work, &c. 
 
 382. Malo (l'Abbé), Bécancour, Lower Canada. Indian curiosities and 
 antiquities. 
 
 383. Jones (Peter), Brantford, Upper Canada. Indian Curiosities, 
 
 384. Mercier (D.), Quebec, Lower Canada. Fancy work by Indians. 
 
 885. Rhodes (Mrs.), Quebec, Lower Canada. Embroidered bark-work. 
 
 386. Tanguay (l Abbé), Rimouski, Lower Canada. Indian curiosities. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 NAMES OF ARTICLES CONTAINED IN CLASS XXV. 
 
 Shirts, coats of home-made cloth, beaver-skin great coat, a feather 
 mantilla, caribou skin hunting boots, riding boots, porpoise leather boots, 
 snow-shoes, boots of seal-skin dressed smooth, moose down gloves, dress of 
 a Huron Chief, boots and shoes, embroidered moccasins, moccasins partly 
 covered with Indian rubber, hay and straw hats, an embroidered screen, 
 embroidery in wool done by the needle, Indian curiosities, and antiquities, 
 Indian ornaments, dress and furniture, embroidery upon bark. 
 
 PRICES. 
 
 It would be impossible to give so exactly as to be practicably useful, 
 a detailed statement of the prices of most of the articles above men- 
 tioned, which being as they are, ornamental and fancy articles, are 
 valued in proportion to the taste, the work and elaborate elegance with 
 which they are prepared. The following are the ordinary prices of some 
 of them. 
 
 
 
 
 
199 
 
 ir 
 
 ——_—_—_—___— — 
 
 
 
 Etes — ets 
 
 
 
 =———— 
 
 A winter suit of good and strong home-made cloth suitable for a 
 farmer, costs £2 10s. 
 
 Boots called Canadian boots for working, 2s. 6d. per pair. 
 
 An ornamental over-coat of beaver-skin, from £10 to £15. 
 
 First class hunting boots of caribou leather, £2 108. 
 
 Riding boots and trowsers (called Crimean,) of caribou, #3. 
 
 Ornamented slippers embroidered with moose hair, upon an average 
 298. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 It is needless to offer remarks on the beauty and comfort of beaver-skin 
 coats, or the difference between the European prices of such articles and 
 the prices given above. 
 
 The boots made of caribou-skin are light and water-proof, a high degree 
 of excellence in those respects ; and it is certain, that the sportsman will 
 look in vain elsewhere for any equal to those exhibited by Canada. Such 
 boots would be incomparably superior to all others for the use of Engineers 
 and Officers in the army, engaged in the inspection of works, which com- 
 pel them to remain a long time on wet and miry ground. | 
 
 Another description of boots is made of common leather. . These are 
 termed Canadian or Indian boots, and are used only by farmers, lumber- 
 men, fishermen and sportsmen, in their various pursuits. They cost only 
 2s. 6d., and are admirably suitable for the laboring-man, the sailor and the 
 soldier ;—English seamen and soldiers when in Canada, use them in wet 
 or cold weather. 
 
 À partial application of caoutchouc may be seen in a species of moc- 
 casinof dressed moose-skin, a very suitable shoe for town or country ; as a 
 protection against cold and damp this shoe is invaluable. 
 
 The gloves of moose down are a specimen of a curious material, 
 Moose down is the name given to a species of wool, covering the skin of 
 this huge quadruped, beneath the long hair. This textile and felt-like 
 substance, is of a peculiar nature, and might possibly be adapted to some 
 special and profitable use. 
 
 The manufacture of hay and straw hats is rapidly increasing in Canada, 
 of which fact the specimens exhibited are proof. In the Report of Exports 
 for 1851, this branch of industry does not appear, yet in 1852, it amounted 
 to £2,000, and in 1853, to £6,200. 
 
 The curious and elegant articles of feather work, moose hair, porcupine- 
 quills, and bark-work, are attractive to visitors ; and it must be con- 
 fessed that there is in the ornamental articles and those pertaining to the 
 
 
 

 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 toilet, to be found in this collection, a degree of taste and refinement which 
 excites our wonder, when we consider that all this is the untaught art of 
 the aborigines of the shores of the St. Lawrence. 
 
 TWENTY-SIXTH CLASS. 
 
 DRAWING AND MODELLING APPLIED TO INDUSTRY, TYPOGRAPHY, AND COPPER PLATE 
 PRINTING, PHOTOGRAPHY, ec. 
 
 SECTION 1. 
 Writing, Drawing, and Painting. 
 887. Armstrong (W.), Toronto, Upper Canada. Drawings in water colors. 
 388. Shephard (Miss) Montreal, Lower Canada. Drawings of Canadian 
 fruits and vegetables. 
 389. Tully (Kivas), Toronto, Upper Canada. Plans. 
 SECTION 2. 
 Laithography, Autography, and Stone Engraving. 
 390. Whitefield, Toronto, Upper Canada. Lithographic drawings of Cana- 
 dian Cities. 
 DECTION 4. 
 Photography. 
 391. Doane (J. C.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Photographs. 
 392. Palmer (E. J.), Toronto, Upper Canada. Daguerreotypes. 
 SECTION 6, 
 Stamps and Moulds. 
 
 393. Cochrane (Miss), Quebec, Lower Canada. Fruits in wax-work. 
 
 394. Sœurs de la Providence, Montreal, Lower Canada. Fruits and vege- 
 tables in wax-work. 
 
 395. Wheeler (J.), Toronto, Upper Canada. Seal engraving. 
 
 SECTION 7. 
 Printing. 
 396. Rose (H. & G. M.). Montreal, Lower Canada. Specimens of typo- 
 
 graphy. 
 397. Salter & Rose, Montreal, Lower Canada. Specimens of typography. 
 
 
 
201 
 
 
 
 ————————— 
 
 
 
 398. Smith (W. W.), St Johns Lower Canada. Specimens of typo- 
 graphy. 
 399, Starke and Co., Montreal, Lower Canada. Specimens of typography. 
 SECTION 8. 
 Book-binding. 
 
 400. De Puibusque (Adolphe), Bookbinding in porpoise leather. 
 401. Mackay (Mrs. W. S.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Books. 
 
 402. Miller (R. & A.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Specimens of book- 
 binding. 
 
 403. Young (A.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Specimen of book binding. 
 
 ELLE 
 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH CLASS. 
 
 MANUFACTURES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. 
 
 SECTION 5. 
 Stringed Instruments, with keyboards. 
 404. Hood (T. D.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Piano-forte. 
 
 SECTION 8. 
 Manufactured articles and accessories. 
 
 405. Hood (T.D.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Piano-forte and sounding 
 board, 
 
 a 
 
 RECAPITULATION., 
 
 NAMES OF ARTICLES CONTAINED IN CLASSES XXVI AND XXVII. 
 
 Drawings in water-colors; drawingsof Canadian fruits andévegetables ; 
 architectural designs. lithographs representing some of the cities of Canada ; 
 photographed portraits ; fruit and vegetables in wax-work; seal engraving ; 
 specimens of typography ; book-binding in porpoise leather ; specimens of 
 book-binding ; an upright piano and sounding board. 
 
 
 

 
 202 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 All the articles above named, have been sent for the purpose of giving 
 an idea of Canadian scenery or of illustrating the degree of excellence 
 attained in Canada in the different branches of art referred to. 
 
 The collections of drawings in water-colors, and of Canadian fruits and 
 vegetables in wax-work also serve to complete the exhibition of the pro- 
 ductions of agriculture and horticulture in this country. A specimen.of 
 book-binding with porpoise leather is another evidence of the beauty of this 
 new and hitherto exclusively Canadian production. 
 
 
 
 TWENTY-EIGHTH CLASS. 
 PAINTING, ENGRAVING AND LITHOGRAPHY. 
 
 SECTION 1. 
 Drawing and Painting. 
 
 406. Kane (Paul), Toronto, Upper Canada. Oil paintings. 
 407. Ryland, (J. H.), Montreal, Lower Canada. Oil paintings. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 In the department of Fine Arts, Canada has sent but a few small paintings 
 selected from a remarkably interesting collection of views of the scenery 
 of western America. Mr. Paul Kane, a young travelling artist, who 
 has travelled for seven years over the extensive prairies of America, on 
 both sides of the Rocky Mountains, has collected from amongst the sixty 
 tribes he visited, a most complete museum of the utensils, dress, tent fur- 
 niture, arms, tools, &c., used by these aborigines. He has also painted the 
 portraits of the chiefs of these tribes, taken drawings of the scenery and 
 sketches of their manners and customs. Mr. Kane will very shortly be 
 able to publish an account of his travels, accompanied by plates repre- 
 senting his rich collection. This work will be the more valuable from the 
 fact, that the Indian tribes are fast disappearing, or at least are losing every 
 day the peculiar and picturesque manners and customs which characterize 
 them. 
 
 In terminating my remarks upon this class, I think it my duty to state 
 that we have in Canada, artists who could have sent to Paris, paintings 
 which would not have been without merit. Two of these artists (*) ob- 
 
 
 
 (#*) Messrs. Plamondon and Hamel: a third, Mr. Bourrassa, has since joined them, having 
 completed his studies in Rome and Florence. We may mention the name of one more Cana- 
 dian artist, Mr. Falardeau, a native of Quebec and at present residing in Florence. 
 
- L - ' à Le cer Fr CE : 
 . es 
 DA SE SRE RER si - 
 . " a = = 
 
 203 
 
 tained success as pupils in the schools of Rome and Paris, but their exces- 
 sive modesty would not permit them to contribute to the exhibition. I 
 mention this fact as a further proof that Canada is no longer an uncivilised 
 country. 
 
 a 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 The few preceding remarks are intended as a sequel to the information 
 contained in the different pamphlets distributed during the exhibition in 
 relation to the resources of Canada. Their object is merely to give that 
 general information which is calculated to attract the attention of business 
 men and to allow them to judge à priori of the advantages which might 
 result from commerce with this country. It will be seen that the 
 data furnished relate particularly to Canadian articles of exportation, 
 and the reader will therefore conclude that we import all those articles 
 which we do not export. 
 
 All these observations serve to piove one thing, namely, that Canada 
 can supply Europe with inexhaustiblc quantities of timber of the different 
 varieties mentioned, with the produce of fishing and the chase, with mine- 
 rals in their natural state, more espe ially with copper at comparatively 
 advantageous return prices. 
 
 A similar trade has been carried on between England and Canada 
 for nearly a century, which has increased year after year to such 
 an extent that the English market is no longer suflicient as a channel 
 for certain classes of produce. During last and this year, for example, 
 commercial affairs in Canada have suffered considerably from the circum- 
 stance of our having over charged the English timber market with our 
 produce, which now encumbers the timber wharves of many of the ports 
 of England, to that extent, that business men say, that Canada has pro- 
 vided for her timber consumers, one year?’s supply in advance. 
 
 A great number of persons from France and other continental coun- 
 fries have been informed by me of the possibility of importing these 
 articles direct to their respective countries, certainly what is possible as 
 regards transport, with respect to Liverpool and London, is equally pos- 
 sible with respect to Havre and Saint Malo, and what the English mer- 
 cantile navy is able to accomplish is equally possible for French mer- 
 chant ships, the navigation of the St. Lawrence being free ; charges for 
 freight may be said to be equal to all the European ports on the Atlantic 
 seaboard. 
 
 It may be said that the average charges for freight varyÿ from 258. to 
 35s. per ton measurement, subject always to the variations arising from 
 the nature and buik of the merchandize to be shipped. 
 
 
 

 
OBSERVATIONS 
 
 on 
 
 THE EXEHIBITION. 
 
 BY 
 
 J. O. TACHÉ, ESQ,. 
 
 
 

 
NOTE. 
 
 The following details in connection with the universal Exhibition, have 
 already been published in the form of correspondence addressed during 
 the Exhibition, to a portion of the French Press in Lower Canada, some 
 of these articles have been republished in the English papers of Lower 
 Canada. The House of Assembly having ordered them to be printed to 
 form part of the history of the Canadian Exhibition of 1855, it has been 
 thought advisable to alter the original form of these sketches and to 
 make some changes in the order in which they were first written. They 
 have therefore been divided into four series, each composed of a certain 
 number of chapters. The first series contains an examination, very in- 
 complete no doubt, 6r to speak more correctly, a list of the names of the 
 principal works exhibited in the Fine Arts Palace ; the second is a sort of 
 report of a rapid ramble made through the exhibition of manufactured 
 productions ; the third consists of a series of observations upon the articles 
 exhibited in each class of the official classification, reflections upon the 
 exhibition in its relation to and effect upon Canada, and destined to the 
 fullest extent possible to place the people of the Country in possession of 
 the principal additions to science, which might be a source of profit to 
 them hereafter. Lastly, the fourth series relates to the exhibition of 
 breeding animals which was intended by the French Government to com- 
 plete the exhibition of 1855 in connection with Agriculture. 
 
 The official statistics relating to the Exhibition not being complete and 
 finally published, it is more than probable that the figures contained in 
 these remarks, in so far as they relate to the number of exhibitors and 
 other details of this kind, although derived from the best sources, may 
 not be mathematically correct ; the small errors, however, which may 
 have slipped into the memoranda furnished by the authorities during the 
 exhibition, cannot in any way affect the conclusions to be drawn from 
 the general resultsofthe exhibition; for example, lookingupon the matter in 
 this light, it matters very little whether westate that there were a hundred 
 exhibitors more or less out of the twenty thousand or so who contributed 
 to the Industrial Exhibition, it is of no practical importance, whatever, if 
 
 
 
 SE ARR ELA 
 
 a 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 tie" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 we have erred, in two or three single instances out of the whole 
 number of honorable mentions obtained in one class, and the same may 
 be said of all other trivial matters of detail. The important fact of the 
 final result is contained in the lists published provisionally by the Imperial 
 Commission, with all the exactness required for all practical purposes. 
 
 It must be borne in mind that these observations were written in the 
 midst of numberless occupations, and that they were printed amid the 
 labors of a Parliamentary Session. The reader, moreover, must not for- 
 get that the necessary conciseness has not admitted of any repetition, 
 so that to derive any profit whatever, from these remarks, reference must 
 be made simultaneously to the different series, 
 
‘1 | 
 
 Lee 
 
 ” 
 vase 77 
 
 ' 
 Li le 
 4) { 
 CE | 
 Ve | { 
 u pl 
 ” 
 mn f 
 : 
 | 
 * À 
 4 
 d : 
 | : 
 .. 
 # 
 
 Nr ms 
 
 E2 s 
 
 vd 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 JHNU9AA V 
 
 
 
 — == 7 CORRE CT ET ÉpEE ; ES TS vi 
 
 
 
 << \ N Ÿ 
 & 
 À À NS 
 \ Ce 
 | SSS 
 
 
 
 Fas at D 2 4 
 
 { 
 ; 
 r 
 t 
 L 
 (LL LINE 
 LL NII 
 
 
 
 2) 
 T À HR AAA N 
 a RSS RSR 
 
 | N 
 
 k 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 dodo same rer ee 
 
 cm me. 
 
 14, DT POIPIIPPPINNTIED 
 
 
 
 CC8T AO KOLLIAIAXA 'IVSAAAI NA EL 40 NVTd 'TFAANAD 
 
PR EE 
 
 FIRST SERIES. 
 
 PRINCIPAL WORKS EXHIBITED IN THE PALACE OF THE 
 
 FINE ARTS. 
 
 I. 
 GENERAL DATA. 
 
 The exhibition of the Fine Arts, was held in a building erected apart 
 from the others, situated a short distance from the other buildings dedicated 
 to Industry ; placed there out of the way, with its severe and simple outlines 
 removed from the noise of the machinery and the hissing of the steam, it 
 offered to the works of intellect, a quiet and secure resting place, suitable 
 to them inevery respect. The building is in the formof à parallelogram 
 surrounded on the exterior by a gallery; the façade isin the form of a semi- 
 circle composed of seven columns almost destitute of ornament. Light is 
 admitted to the rooms and galleries from the roof, in a manner to afford as 
 equal a distribution of it as possible over the different works of art. The 
 architect of the Louvre, Mr. Lefuel, had been charged with the prepara- 
 tion of the plans of this edifice, the interior surface of the walls of which, 
 present a total space for exhibition of about 140,000 square feet. 
 
 As a matter of courtesy, the contributions of foreign nations were 
 placed at the entrance to the building and appeared consequently at the 
 head of the catalogue; the first pictures therefore which struck the eye of 
 the visitor were those from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Tuscany, Peru, 
 Turkey, and the States of the Church, the great gallery to the right was 
 oceupied by Great Britain, and that to the left by Piedmont, Belgium and 
 Holland ; French and Prussian paintings occupied, the former several large 
 rooms in the middle of the building, and the latter a square room near 
 the vestibule ; the pictures of other nations were hung to the sides of other 
 galleries on the first story ; the galleries contained drawings, engravings, 
 water colour drawings, lithographs and crayon drawings. The number of 
 exihibitors belonging to all nations was 2,029, and the total number of 
 works exhibited including cartoons, sketches, &c., &c., was, according to 
 
 the official catalogue 5,182, which were divided pretty nearly as follows 
 O 
 
 
 
 : “ LL. dE -—rinie MS ler r EP Éermee nenNR CRE Gt EE _ es 
 « s - Ro 
 
 
 
210 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 —————— — 9 <— ——— 
 
 
 
 
 
 among the different nations: France, 2,867, Great Britain, 780, Belgium, 
 269, Prussia, 225, Austria, 217, Holland, 131, Spain, 122, Switzerland, 110, 
 Bavaria, 76, Sweden and Norway, 60, Denmark, 52, United States, 44, 
 Saxony, 33, Sardinia, 27, Portugal, 27, States of the Church, 25, Duchy of 
 Baden, 22, Hawratic Towns, 11, Two Sicilies, 6 Peru, 5, Turkey, 3 
 
 Of the 2,029 contributors to the Fine Arts section, 1,230 were painters, 
 323 sculptors, 184 engravers, 163 architects, 40 lithographers and 89 artists 
 in water colors, crayons, &c. 
 
 To form a judgment of the number of prizes obtained as compared with 
 the number of exhibitors, I give below the total number of contributors 
 and prizes obtained in each of the principal countries, the number of 
 prizes includes the “ honorable mentions.” 
 
 The reader must understand that in giving these statistics, no attempt is 
 made to give any opinion as to the intrinsic merits of the different schools 
 of painting and sculpture, some of which moreover have abstained from 
 exhibiting. No, Artis not to be estimated by figures, the voice of pos- 
 terity or what is the same thing, the unanimous agreement of human opinion 
 are the onlÿ consecrations of genius; when the great medal of honor 
 therefore was awarded to Messrs. Ingres, Delacroix, Cornelius and other 
 historical painters, and at the same time to painters of other classes of 
 subjects, it is by no means less certain, that the one class is widely 
 separated from the other. But as a fact of general interest and curiosity 
 the lists which follow have undoubtedly been of high standing. In these 
 details are included the prizes awarded in the three classes, including paint- 
 ing, sculpture, engraving and architecture. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Names of Countries. 2 ei ere 
 EXHIBITORS. OBTAINED. 
 
 D de line ee 1063 294 
 Great tes RP PTE PESTE TUE 291 66 
 Belgium. 4 ARR PPT 42 30 
 Prussia nd 7 vora LETTRES 215 35 
 ne iii situe 109 15 
 OR ten se cos ca vos) 88 9 
 Italy. M Er cat 44 5 
 vitre Pad M ie se ie dde 46 8 
 Sweden and __. RES 31 6 
 SDAIN «rares PRE MRPACRR 48 4. 
 Lenmérk iso TT SE 32 4 
 Honted SIA ee rdc ec 12 3 
 Ottoman Empires nn. A 1 
 
 
 
 
 
Per a A ee 
 
 211 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of these four hundred and eighty-prizes of all classes, sixteen were of a 
 peculiar character, I refer to the sixteen great medals of honor awarded 
 in the three Classes forming the Fine Arts section. 
 
 Of these sixteen great medals of honor, eleven were obtained by natives 
 of France, six of whom were painters, three sculptors, one an engraver, and 
 one an architect. England obtained two of these medals, one for 
 painting and the other for architecture. Belgium and Prussia each 
 obtained one for painting, and Saxony one for sculpture. 
 
 Unfortunately the Fine Arts Exhibition, magnifcent, though it was, did 
 not attain suflicient proportions to render it the complete expression of the 
 state of the arts, at the present tine, by reason of the numbers who abstained 
 from exhibiting. Italy, that classic land of the beautiful, the a/ma parens. 
 of the art, has, it may be said, altogether abstained from exhibiting. We 
 have had no opportunity of beholding the works of her Minardi, Gagliardi, 
 Bezzuoli, Palagie, Agricola, Grigoletti, Lipparini, Goghetti, Capalti, 
 Consoni, Chieriei ; of her sculptors Tenerani, Caccfatore, Tadolini, Jaco- 
 metti, her celebrated engraver Mercuri and many others. Whatever may 
 be the causes of their absence it is not the less to be regretted ; although 
 the French and German schools contributed very largely, they also suffered 
 considerably from some of their principal members refraining from exhibit- 
 ing ; the most to be regretted among these, being the great French Masters, 
 Messrs. Paul Delaroche, and Arry Sheffer, and of the German school, 
 Messrs. Overbeck, Schnoor de Carolsfeld, Bendemann and Mr. Gallait of Bel- 
 gium, absences which the Parisian press has characterized as regards some 
 of them by the appelation of ‘* abstentions dédaigneuses.” In French sculp- 
 ture David d’Angers, since dead, did notexhibit. The English and American 
 sculptors, Gibson and Power, who live in Italy, and for Italy, refrained 
 from exhibiting with the rest of the Italian school to which they belong. 
 Italy being thus absent from the assembly, the French, German, Belgian 
 and English schools remain distinguished one from the other by clearly 
 defined characteristics. It has been said of them, “ The exhibition is 
 divided into four thoroughly distinct zones, England, Belgium, Germany 
 and France. England represents individuality ; Belgium, skill ia execution ; 
 Germany, beauty of conception, and France eclectism.” 
 
 At present the French school takes the highest rank, both on account of 
 the number of its great masters and by its fecundity in all the branches of 
 the art; this superiority as a general fact, cannot be contested. It would 
 be difficult to define the ruling quality in the French school, for the simple 
 reason that its illustrations have taken different routes, all however, leading 
 to glory, and the word eclecticism which has been used to characterize this 
 school, is applicable to French art in its entirety, and must not be taken as 
 
 
 
212 
 
 
 
 
 
 - —— np 
 
 
 
 fixing an uniform standard established from the average of the elements of 
 the art, and adopted almost unanimously by its artists. 
 
 The difference is as great, for instance, between the pencils, the brush, 
 and the pallets of Messrs. Ingres and Eugène Delacroix, as between the 
 composition, drawing and coloring of the German school, and those of the 
 other schools. 
 
 The German school possesses a much more defined character, in so far as 
 relates to the common resemblance between its leading masters ; the great 
 German works have certain national indications, which cause them to be 
 at once recognized as belonging to a distinct class. This school devotes 
 itself more particularly to the ideal, and is distinguished by the class of 
 subjects of the greater part of its works, and like the literature of Germany 
 disdains the scenes of real life, striving rather to develop symbolical theories, 
 and plunging into the world of fables. 
 
 The Belgian and Spanish schools exhibit a good deal of the eclecticism 
 of the French school, with a more general tendency to elaborate finish. 
 
 England has made unheard of eflorts for the Fine Arts competition of 
 1855, she has felt as a great nation ought to feel, that she had erred in 
 1851, when she excluded art from her exhibition, and at Paris the whole 
 force of her artists presented themselves at the summons, in full array. 
 The English school, for an English school now exists, has not yet attained 
 the lofty range of the art, it does not produce large pictures, and makes but 
 rare excursions into the field of history. The real merit of its artists is 
 exhibited in the painting of animals and pictures of that class, originality of 
 design and the elaborate finish of the details, everywhere distinguishing 
 the English school among all the others, 
 
 In the specimens of sculpture exhibited, the chief success has been 
 attained by France, Saxony, Italy and Belgium. France and England 
 excelled in the class of architecture. 
 
 France carried off nearly all the prizes in the sections of engraving 
 and lithography, England ranks next, and after her Prussia. In the 
 section of water colours, all the prizes excepting one awarded to Swit- 
 zerland, were carried off by England. France is unrivalled in the sec- 
 tion of crayons, and excels in miniature painting. 
 
 It should not be forgotten that these letters contain only lists of names, 
 and it is only sought, through their means to renderthe Canadian public 
 familiar with the great names of European paintings ; in a small country 
 devoid of reviews devoted to the subject, and in which are found but a 
 few works which treat of subjects here touched upon, too much must 
 
 “not be expected, what I write I write for the masses. 
 
 
 
 
 
ee sn | à 
 
 213 
 
 
 
 IL. 
 THE FRENCH SCHOOL. 
 
 The greatest French painters are Messrs. Ingres, Eugène Delacroix, 
 Horace Vernet, Décamps, Meissonnier and Heim ; there must be added 
 to complete this glorious list of masters, Messrs. Paul Delaroche and 
 Arry Shefler, who did not exhibit ; besides this Pleiad, there are other 
 great names which shine with brilliant splendor. 
 
 Mr. Ingres, a pupil of David, belongs to the classic school, to that 
 school which believes that uncultivated genius cannot be perfection, and 
 that study and traditional knowledge are necessary. It has been said 
 by Mr. Ingres, “I know nothing which has not been taughtme.” In these 
 words may be summed up, his life and fifty years of labor, and if this great 
 master has not been able to learn everything, he has of a certainty learnt 
 and taught much, for he has instituted a school. Form, outline and con- 
 tour have been his study, the ideal, the object of his aspirations, through- 
 out the whole of his enormous labors he has never sacrificed to the 
 exigencies of fashion or the requirements of novelty. 
 
 This patriarch of art contributed to the Exhibition 40 works, extending 
 over all the periods of his long career. The most celebrated of these pic- 
 tures are, in the historical class, Œdipus divining the enigma ; Venus Anadyo- 
 mene ; Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VIL. ; the vow of Louis XII. ; the 
 Virgin with the Host ; St. Peter receiving the Keys of Paradise ; the Martlyr- 
 dom of Saint Symphorium ; Homer deified and the Apotheosis of Napoleon ; 
 among the miscellaneous works, Henry IV. playing with his children ; Pope 
 Pious VIL., celebrating Divine Worship ; Tintoret and Aretin Françoise De 
 Rimini; in portrait painting, the portraits of Cherubini, Mr. Bertin, 
 Senior, Count Molé, and the Countess de Haussouville. 
 
 The painter who, in the opinion of everybody, ranks immediately after 
 Mr. Ingres, and who consequently takes the second place in this cate- 
 gory, is Mr. Eugène Delacroix, a pupil of Guerin, of powerful genius, 
 full of creative imagination, enthusiastic often, origimal always. Mr. 
 Delacroix’s talent is not one which is so generally acceptable as that of 
 Mr: Ingres, it is by his magnificent coloring that Mr. Delacroix captivates 
 the great number of his admirers. 
 
 Of the thirty-five pictures exhibited by Mr. Eugène Delacroix, the fol- 
 lowing may be instanced as evidencing the genius of the master : — 
 Hamlet, (scene with the grave diggers) ; Tasso in prison ; Dante and Virgilin 
 
 
 

 
 214 
 
 
 
 the Infernal Regions ; the Massacre of Scio ; the Frenzy of Medea ; the 28th 
 July, 1830 ; the Justice of Trajan; Christ on the Cross: Christ at the 
 Tomb; Women of Algiers. 
 
 Mr. Horace Vernet the painter of battle pieces is distinguished for his 
 inexhaustible fertility of imagination and his adherence to nature ; he is 
 
 
 
 a pupil of Vincent. A man who‘has been able to attain a reputation 
 similar to that enjoyed by Mr. Horace Vernet, must undoubtedly be the 
 possessor of immense talents. He has exhibited 22 pictures, among 
 which the one representing the taking of La Smala covers of itself 600 
 feet in superficies. Among the works exhibited by Mr. Vernet, those 
 most worthy of remark are, La Smala ; the Battle of Hanan : the Battle 
 of Montmirail ; Judith and Holophernes ; Rebecca at the Fountain ; 
 Mazeppa; Return from Lion-hunting ; Portrait of Brother Phillip, 
 General of the Brothers of the Christian Doctrine, and the portrait of 
 Marshal Vaillant. It is worthy of remark that Mr. Vernet is the son, 
 grand-son and great-grand-son of celebrated painters. 
 
 Mr. Décamps, pupil of Mr. Adel de Pujol, has contributed to the Ex- 
 hibition no less than fifty-two works, in the different classes of subjects. 
 Mr. Décamps’ pictures are distinguished by their effect, and the harmony 
 and unity of their conception, we feel that the painter has been inspired 
 with a bright and clear idea, pleasant or terrible, severe or lively, but 
 that he was so imbued with it to enable him to work it into a picture, 
 and to compel allthe accessories in the scene to give force to the principal 
 object. When he painted his admirable Defeat of the Cimbri, he did 
 not attach himself to one particular scene, no, his design was not to repre- 
 sent one general pitted against another, but the serried ranks of 
 barbarism opposed to the well ordered forces of civilization, and 
 the contest takes place in a narrow plain surrounded by  precipi- 
 tous rocks, beneath a tempestuous sky. A strong light is necessary to 
 have the full eflect of Mr. Décamp’s pictures, and several of them had 
 not this advantage in the Exhibition. His principal pieces were, the 
 Defeat of the Cimbri ; Joseph sold by his Brethren ; Eliezer and Rebecca ; 
 Tiger and Elephant; Interior of a Court yard; the Monkeys ; the 
 Gypsies; Children with a Tortoise; Dismissal of a Turkish School ; 
 Fine designs, from the History of Sampson, and one of an Episode 
 in the Defeat of the Cimbri. 
 
 Mr. Hiem, a pupil of Vincent, exhibited seven pictures and sixteen 
 portraits, he is an old painter, whose name was hardly ever mentioned 
 except as the subject of a pleasantry, but connoisseurs recognized in him 
 a master of the art, and the Exhibition has rendered him popular. There 
 is great strength and breadth in his coloring, and his drawing is faultless, 
 His talent exhibits that combination of great qualities, of which some are 
 
 
 
 rés RES LS SSSR ES eh me mn à à à 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 un 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
215 
 
 
 
 nee amenant — netgear = — pq — — — EE —_————— 
 
 
 
 
 
 tibée -— 
 
 
 
 wanting in the greatest masters. His principal pictures exhibited were, 
 a Massacre, the subject taken from Josephus ; the Martyrdom of Saint 
 Hypolite ; St. Hyacinthe invoking the Virgin, restores a young man to 
 life, and a piece, the title of which in the catalogue was as follows: King 
 Charles X., distributing prizes to the artists at the close of the Exhibition 
 of 1821. “The moment represented is that when Cartelier is receiving 
 from the King the order of St. Michael ; Charles Vernet has just received 
 it’ We have praised the talent of the painter, there is something still 
 more admirable in the goodness of heart and right feeling which courts : 
 that talent in honor of his competitors, we cannot say his rivals. 
 
 M. Meissonnier is a painter of general subjects. He brought nine 
 
 CR SE 
 
 . A jules 45 
 
 pictures to the Exhibition, and was the sixth of the French school who 
 obtained the Grand Medal of Honor. He is a pupil of M Léon 
 Cognet’s. M. Meissonnier’s distinguishing characteristic 1s the delicate | 
 finish of every detail in his pictures. This secures to him the admira- | 
 tion of all observers, and more substantial complements in the shape of 
 piles of bank notes for his pictures. He is, however, honestly entitled 
 to both. His pictures are nearly all small; he has latelÿy increased 
 the size, but large or small they are delicious. Those which proved the 
 most attractive in the present Exhibition were : À Quarrel ; T'he Bravos ; 
 A Young Man at Work ; The Game of Bowls in the days of Louis XV. ; 
 the Game of the Tonneau. 
 
 Having devoted this brief notice to the six French artists to whom 
 the Jury assigned the foremost rank, I am bound to make passing men. 
 tion of the names and principal works of a few others of the great 
 painters of the French school. A list of all would fill a volume, and 1 
 am limited to a few pages. Following the example of M. Heim, a 
 few of the older painters sent their works to the Gallery of Fine Arts. 
 M. About, a witty writer, gave them the collective title of “The Old 
 Guard.” They are Messrs. Abel de Pujol, a pupil of David’s; Léon 
 Cognet, and Henri Shefler, both pupils of P. Guerin; Schnetz, a pupil 
 of David’s and Legros’; Vinchon, a pupil of Sérangeli’s. 
 
 A few names we must mention of other great artists in historical 
 painting : M. Couture, and his large picture of the Roman Orgia, known 
 also as the Romans in the Decline of the Empire; M. Chenavard, with 
 his fine Cartoons, embracing all History, a work designed for the deco- 
 ration, formerly intended, of the Pantheon. M. Flandrin, and his Sf. ‘ 
 Clair restoring sight to the Blind; M. Schmann, with his Jeremwah in 
 Bonds; M. Muller, The Summons of the last Victims of the Reign of 
 
 n Ré en 27 
 
 Terror : M. R. Fleury, and his Benvenuto Cellini in his Workshop ; M.Benou- 4 
 ville, St. Francis blessing the City of Assise; M. Chasseriau, Arab Chiefs î 
 defying each other ; M. Gérôme, The Age of Augustus, or the Birth of Jesus | 
 1 
 i 
 

 
 216 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ——————— re 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Christ, the subject taken from Bossuets Universal History ; M. Glaïze, 
 The Pillory, an allegorical painting, a historical representation of genius 
 and merit slighted or persecuted ; M. Yvon, Te Retreat from Russia, or 2 
 Marshal Ney covering the Retreat of the Grand Army. | 
 
 Among the miscellaneous paintings we must notice among others, À 
 
 Ceremony in the Church of Delft, by M. Isabey ; The Daughters of Eve, by M. 
 
 Roqueplan ; My Sister is not at Home, (an idyll) by M. Hamon; The 
 
 ai! Peasant’s Dinner, by M. Edouard Frère. 
 
 i In landscape and other styles, how many remarkable pictures: The 
 | Coast near Granville, by Theodore Rousseau; The Effects of the | 
 | Morning, by M. Corot; À Path through the Wheal, by M. Français ; 
 
 Landscape with Animals, by Jules Noël; Morning, by M. Achard ; 
 The Fens of Picardy, by M. Huet; T'he Hay Field (a scene in Au- 
 
 11 | vergne) by M Ile Rosa Bonheur; Oxen going to Plough, by M. Troyon ; 
 
 1 | Animals at Rest, bÿ M. Braseassat; The Flowers of the Tombs, by M. 
 
 1 HE à Saint Jean. The names of Cabanel, Dauzats, Gudin, Hébert, Jalabert, 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 | 
 : 
 1 
 
 
 
 mn. 
 ts um 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 D rt ot 2 Er dgeeis z 
 dd air et TRE ÉTeerr 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Larivière, Maréchal, (Crayons,) Rouget, Constantin, Wintenhalter, and 
 Madame Heberlin, (Miniature) all excellent in their respective styles, 
 must not be omitted. 
 
 SCULPTURE. 
 
 The three great French sculptors, the greatest at least of the present 
 day, are already of old standing: Messrs. Rude, Dumont, and Duret, 
 As I have belore remarked, M. David d'Angers did not exhibit. Rude’s 
 . 4 0 Ü Je , F 5 à. LA ; È e 
 181 Child and Torloise, Dumont’s Leucothée, and Duret’s Neapolitan Fish- 
 | erman, were therefore the principal works in the department of Sculp- 
 ture, These three artists received each a grand medal of honor. 
 Next to these veterans of their art were: M. Guillaume, with his 
 YH ] arh Où : Fr ,] = : J r . / LA 
 Anacréon, in marble, and The Mower, in bronze; M. Lequesne, with 
 his Dancing Fawn, in bronze; M. Perraud and his Adam after the 
 Fall, in marble ; M. Bonassieux, Meditation, in marble ; M. Marcellin, 
 with the Return of Spring ; M. Maillet and his Agrippina and Calig- 
 ula, à group in marble ; M. Raggi, with a group also in marble, Meta- 
 bus, King of the Volsci, and his Children ; M. Gatteaux, Minerva after 
 the Judgment of Paris, in bronze; M. Pollet, An Hour of Night, in 
 bronze. We must not omit the names of Foyatier, Jaley, Cabet, De- 
 bay, Moreau, Oudiné, Cavelier Droz, Gumeny, Oliva, Etex, Lachesne 
 de Caën, and Le Comte de Nieuerkaerke, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
217 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OTHER BRANCHES OF ART. 
 
 In Engraving, M. Henriquel Dupont obtained the grand medal of 
 honor, and was the only engraver to whom this highest prize was 
 awarded. Everybody has heard of that chef d'œuvre of engraving, the 
 Hemyciele of Paul de la Roche. The next after this great master of his 
 art are: Messrs. Calamatta, Forster, Martinet, Leroy, Pollet, Blanchard, 
 Burdet, Caron, Damour, Desclaux, and the two François. 
 
 In medal and stone engraving the most celebrated names are those of 
 Messrs. Bovy, Depaulis and Salmson. 
 
 The most eminent in Lithography are Messrs. Mouilleron, Leroux, 
 Desmaisons, Laurens, Sirouy, Soulange and Teissier. 
 
 In Architecture, the grand medal of honor was awarded to M. 
 Duban. His greatest work exhibited was composed of twelve draw- 
 ings of the Castle of Blois (Loir et Cher.) Next after him are Messrs, 
 Questel, Christie, Duc, Labrouste, Normand, Boeswilvad, Viollet, Le- 
 duc, Vaudoyer, Lesuel, Lassus, Baltard, Clerget, Pacard, Tetaz, Daly, 
 Millet, Ruprick, Robert, Denuelle, Petit. In the engraving and litho- 
 graphy of architectural designs, Messrs. Bean, Gaucherel, Guillaumot, 
 and Huguenet, are distinguished. 
 
 III. 
 
 GERMAN SCHOOL. 
 
 M. Pierre de Cornelius, of Prussia, received the honor, or rather the just 
 tribute of the grand medal of honor. This master, the founder of a school, ex- 
 hibited eight large pictures, his designs for the frescos of the Campo Santo 
 at Berlin. The subjects are: 1. The seven angels of the Revelations 
 pouring out the vials of the wrath of God ; 2. The four horsemen of the 
 Revelations, Plague, Famine, War and Death ; 3 Works of Christian 
 Charity ; 4. Satan cast into the bottomless pit, taken from the Revelations ; 
 5. The New Jerusalem ; 6. Work of Charity ; 1. Beatitude “ Blessed 
 are they that hunger and thirst after righteousness” ; 8. The common 
 destiny of men. This statement of the subjects which he has chosen 
 denotes a powerful genius, conscious of its strength ; neither has its pos- 
 sessor over-rated its powers, the conception, composition, and drawing of 
 these cartoons is in the grand style of Michael Angelo. 
 
 se 
 
 ee ES ET ee" mme 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
cotèsie 
 ME 
 
 rt rem et 
 
 LE rm SR CT 
 
 mor 3 
 
 a 
 
 CO Re ee 
 
 218 
 
 Several of the most celebrated of the German painters kept aloof, the 
 contributors following M. de Cornelius with greater or smaller intervals 
 of merit, were Messrs. Guillaume de Kaulback, Magnus, Meryerheim, 
 Schader, Richter, Ræting et Stefteck. 
 
 The principal pieces exhibited by M. de Kaulback were: The Tower of 
 Babel ; the Legend ; History, and Moses, (the Divine law-giver pointing to 
 the tables of the law, and trampling the idols under foot.) A beautiful 
 female portrait by M. Richter was much admired, also a piece entitled, 
 A Wedding in Spring, by the same artist, and, {he Workman's family 
 by M. Meryerheim. 
 
 In sculpture the grand medal of honor was given to M. Ernest Rietschell 
 de Saxe, being the only instance in which a foreign artist carried off this 
 distinction in that department. The best of Rietschell’s works among the 
 seven studies and models in plaster exhibited by him were, a group entitled 
 Piela, a bas-relief called the Angel with Christ, and another called Love 
 taming a Panther. 
 
 M. Rauch, of Berlin exhibited, among other works, a plaster model, 
 one eighth of the size cf the original of his monument of Frederick the 
 Great, at Berlin. The equestrian statue of the King was surrounded by a 
 considerable number of other statues placed upon the first pedestal of the 
 two which form the base of the principal figure. M. Kiss had in the exhi- 
 bition a model in bronze, on a reduced scale, of his Amazon and Panther, 
 and a colossal equestrian group in plaster representing Sf. George and the 
 Dragon. M. Voigt, of Munich, medal engraver, exhibited to the admiring 
 public four frames of impressions and models in wax. 
 
 The German artists who were successful in the other departments of art, 
 were Messrs. Mandel and Keller, in engraving ; Kellerhoven and Linde- 
 mann-Frommel, in lithography : Zanth and Hesse, in architecture. 
 
 
 
PPS ven mme _ Lui ROSES HAE see 
 . 
 
 LV. 
 BELGIAN SCHOOL. 
 
 In contravention of the opinions cited below, the Belgian School has 
 been assigned the next place after that of Germany, because the latter 
 affects the historical style, while the former ranges over the field of gene- 
 ral art. “France is in no danger,” le Comte de Ris declares, “of losing 
 “her high position, but if one day, such danger were to arise, no doubt 
 “ Belgium would inherit the glorious distinction”? 
 
 “The public,” says M. About “will draw two conclusions, one, that 
 ‘after our department, the Belgian stands pre-eminent ; the other, that 
 “without a catalogue it is impossible to discern where the French School 
 ‘ends, and the Belgian begins.” 
 
 M. Henry Leys is the Belgian master who obtained the grand medal of 
 honor. He is a painter of general subjects, and exhibited three pictures, 
 the Trentaines of Berthal de Haze, an event of the sixteenth century: the 
 Walk beyond the Walls, from Goëthe’s Faust; and Mew Year’s Day in 
 Flanders. 
 
 With M. Leys, we have Messrs. Willems, Madou, Portaels, Robbe, Van 
 Moer, Verlat, Joseph Stevens, Alfred Stevens, Dillens, Hamman, Robert, 
 Thomas, Verboeckhoven, Degroux. It is in general art that the Belgian 
 painters are most distinguished. The following pictures of this school 
 were the most attractive: in history, Christopher Columbus discovering 
 America, by M. Hamman; Judas wandering during the night of Our 
 Saviour’s condemnation; in general subjects, The Dog market,by M. Joseph : 
 Stevens ; Reading, by M. Alfred Stevens; The interior of a Silk Mercer’s 
 Shop, by M. Florent Willems; À Watk, by M. Degroux. 
 
 We must not omit to remark that M. Gallait, the great historical painter 
 of Belgium, sent no picture to the exhibition. 
 
 The Belgian sculptors who were most distinguished were Messrs. Guil- 
 laume and Jean Geefs, Fraikin, Van Hove, Chardon and Jacquet. Among 
 the works exhibited were the marble statue of King Leopold, and the Lion 
 in Love, by M. Guillaume Geefs ; a statue of th2 Virgin, a plaster model 
 by M. Fraikin, the Negro Slave, a group in plaster, by Van Hove. 
 
 
 
ENGLISH SCHOOL. 
 
 Sir Edwin E. Landseer, a painter of animals and general subjects, is 
 the English artist to whom was awarded the grand medal of honor. Of 
 nine pictures exhibited by this favorite English painter, the most attractive 
 were the charming little landscape, called the Sanctuary, of which every 
 one has seen the engraving; Shoeing ; Jack in Office ; the tethered Ram. 
 
 All Sir E. Landseer’s works are remarkable for extreme delicacy of 
 finish and skill in drawing. 
 
 Of the works of other English painters, the most admired were: the 
 Ascot meet, by Mr. Grant; Portrait of the late Professor Wilson, by Sir 
 Watson Gordon ; Uncle Toby and the Widow Wadman, by Mr. Leslie ; 
 Tilbury Fort, by Mr. Stanfield ; a scene from the Bourgeois Gentilhomme, 
 by Mr. Frith; Ophelia, by Mr. Millais ; Ruins of the Temple of the Sun, 
 at Baalbec, by Mr. Roberts; Football, by Mr. Webster ; {he Wolf slayer, 
 by Mr. Ansdell; the last sigh of the Moor, Boabdils farewell to Grenada, 
 by Mr. Hurlstone ; Portrait of Dr. Wardlam, by Mr. Macnee; Job and the 
 Messenger, by Mr. Poole. 
 
 Mr. Mulready, an artist of high repute in England, found no favor in 
 the eyes of the Jury, but had partisans among the crities in art who ad- 
 mired his pictures of the Wolf and the Lamb, the Evening Gun, the 
 Bathers, and the Whistonian Controversy. Amateurs also noticed Sir 
 George Hayter’s Picture of the Trial of Lord William Russell (1683.) 
 
 The English are the principal Painters in Water-Colors. Their best 
 artists in this style are Messrs. Cattermole, Haghe, Tayler, Hunt, Nash, 
 Topham, Wehnert, and Wells. 
 
 In engraving, the Jury awarded prizes of various degrees to Messrs. 
 Robinson, Cousins, Doo, Gruner, Pye, Stocks Lumb, and Wilson. 
 
 Mr. Thonburn received a first-class medal for miniature painting; Mr. 
 Lane honorable mention in lithograph ; Messrs. Foley, Lawlor, MacDonald, 
 Macdowell, Sharp, and Weekes, honorable mention in sculpture. 
 
 England carried off numerous and brilliant marks of distinction in the 
 department of architecture. Sir Charles Barry received one of the grand 
 medals of honor in this class; Messrs. Cockerel!, Jones, and Donaldson, 
 medals of the first class for drawing of existing monuments ; Messrs. 
 Hardwick, Scott, Falkener, and Hamilton, medals of the second class ; 
 Messrs. Burton, Fowler, Wyatt, Allom, Digby, Kendall, and Shaw, honor- 
 able mention. 
 
 
 
sé dé 2656 ” + ‘ us 
 $ à . s 2 
 - ç » pan paper. Rnb de : Ge: SORTE RE Eee L 3 
 snmat s Go A n + 
 mt né A CE Lis s PRE 
 ES 2 nn = — Er _ 
 es OP TT Ep ee eh OPE DUT —: æ es nn. sf 
 
 
 
 md in gps mate. nsandié 
 
 221 
 
 
 
 VL 
 OTHER SCHOOLS. 
 
 Among the works exhibited by other countries we noticed the Sermon in 
 a Chapel of Lapland, by Mr. Hockert, of Sweden ;s The Lake of the four 
 Cantons, by Mr. Calame, of Switzerland: {he Gipsy Camp, by Mr. Knaus, 
 of the Duchy of Nassau ; the interment of St. Cecilia in the Catacombs, by 
 Madrazo, of Spain ; @ Country Funeral, by Mr. Fidemand, of Norway. 
 
 In sculpture, Abel expiring, a statue in plaster by Mr. Dupré, of Florence ; 
 Eve after the Fall, in marble by M. Fraccarolli, of Venice; Bust of the 
 Archduke Charles of Austria, in plaster, by Mr. Fenkorn, ot Austria : the 
 Death of Abel, in marble by Mr. Miglioretti, of Milan ; Ruth, in marble, by 
 Mr. Bonnardel, of Rome. 
 
 In architecture, a plan of a monument to commemorate the alliance of 
 England, France, and Turkey, by Mr. Bilezikdji, of Turkey. 
 
 The other names of note are, in painting, Messrs. Gronland, of Den- 
 mark ; Grude, of Norway; Muyden and Gsell, of Switzerland ; Blaas and 
 Steinle, of Austria ; Ferri, of Sardinia ; Mayer, ofthe Netherlands ; May and 
 Rossiter, of the United States. In sculpture, Messrs. Pierotti and Rad- 
 
 nitski, of Austria; Marquis de la Torre, of Verona : Bissen, of Denmark, 
 Vela, of Milan. 
 
 
 

 
SECOND SERIES. 
 
 VISIT TO THE INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 a 
 
 L. 
 GENERAL DATA, 
 
 “The nations of the earth had agreed to accept the international Jury of 
 “1855,” said a journalist of Paris, “ as the court of supreme jurisdiction 
 “which sat to revise the decisions of the Jury of original jurisdiction of 
 “1851.” Each country, therefore, attended the Paris Exhibition with the 
 full strength of its industrial resources. That of London had ascertained 
 the powers of each respectively ; and that experience had, it was evident, 
 been a guide to the National Committees, in the selection of what they had 
 to exhibit. 
 
 The arena at Paris grew to dimensions much larger than the limits an- 
 ticipated ; and this was so much the case, that every body was taken by 
 surprise. Nations remote from France continued their contributions, long 
 after the final period appointed by the Imperial Commissioners charged 
 with the management of this vast department ; and it was not till some 
 time after the opening of the Exhibition, that they were in possession of 
 ail the information necessary to carry out the business of arrangement. 
 
 Nothing seems better to shew the importance of the Exhibition of 1855, 
 than a comparison between the figures which determine the relative mag- 
 nitude of that and its predecessor of 1851. 
 
 The total area of the Crystal Palace of London, 1851, was in round 
 numbers 800,000 square feet ; that of the Palace of laodustry and its An- 
 nexe at Paris, exclusive of the Palace used for the exhibition of Fine 
 Arts, was 1,220,000 feet. The whole number of exhibitors in 1851 was 
 14,840, that of the exhibitors at Paris in 1855 was 20,839. 
 
 A comparative statement of the exhibitors of each several nation at the 
 Exhibition of 1851 and 1855 respectively cannot fail to be highly interest- 
 ing, Such a statement will furnish proof of the influence of such exhibi- 
 tions, of the interest which they excite, and of the improvement which 
 
 * they produce. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 French Empire 
 
 Great Britain and Ireland 
 Prussia 
 
 Austria 
 
 Russia, China, and Persia 
 Belgium 
 
 Spain 
 
 POI ABME isa vins 
 Sweden 
 
 Holland 
 
 Switzerland 
 Wurtemberg 
 
 Sardinia 
 
 Tuscany 
 
 Bavaria 
 
 CIPÉOCE ces devront croco cesser conso, nov acsiésatceneisésonnee 
 United States 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Saxony 
 
 Denmark 
 
 Hanse-‘’Towns 
 
 Grand Dachy: of" Daden: if MT IE se Prussia 
 Grand Duchy of Hesse... seissssssssseessieeesses 80 
 States of the Church 52 
 ÉRACHY OT INASSAU ess ste nos sec pa shatape sosie tienne nes ete 15 
 Frankfort onthe Maine... ss désessee nes see soosootes ses 33 
 Luxemburg 6 
 RS ne di aG RER NU Ge Lans a nds rs ne nigs a | Prussia 
 Brunswick 
 
 Duchy of Anhalt, Dessau, and Coethen 
 
 Electorate of Hesse 
 
 New Granada 
 Grand Duchy of Oldenburg......sss ss sessvenversossonenesenee Prussia 
 Duchy of Saxe Cobourg Gotha Ée 
 Guatemala 
 
 Duchy of Saxe Cobourg ss sonne mosonsvonsereeneneteensenee 
 
 Hawaï 
 
 Brazil eu LD 
 
 Te ar dr D OT 
 Duchy of Saxe Meinengen 
 Duchy of Saxe Altenbourg 
 
 
 
295 
 
 | 1851. | 1 
 | | | 
 | 
 Fhnopslitr of Line. SSSR ct 4 Fe de | 2 
 5 of Schaumburg-Lippe ......…. ” 2 
 Doisinicsn Repubieg.......... SR he si 1 
 Principality of Reuss (eldest TES PPT TA TT SNS F 1 
 Principality of Reuss (youngest “ dote ete cnranitest conan 283 ee ke 1 
 Grand Duchy of Saxe Weimar ses seeds 66 1 
 Principality of Schwarzburg Rudolstadt ie = 1 
 Turkish Empire, Egypt and Tunis ACL CEE ECC CETEEEEEEEEEES 3 | 9 
 The three last countries shew so small a number of ex- 
 
 hibitors only bécause their respective Governments trans- 
 mitted the several collections. 
 
 
 
 SONG Un. 
 
 pd 
 Ha 
 (ee) 
 re 
 © 
 |'Èse) 
 © 
 O0 
 CO 
 co 
 
 
 
 The premiums distributed in London in 1851, were of four classes, 
 designated as General Council Medals, Council M edals, Prize Medals, and 
 
 : Honorable Mentions ; there were at Parisin 1855, divided into five classes, 
 
 designated as Grand Medals of Honor, Med Is of Honor, First ClassMedals 
 Second Class Medals, Honorable Mentions. 
 
 In London, in 1851, there were awarded 8 General Council Medals, and 
 
 160 Council Medals, distributed among the several countries as follows : 
 { Great Britain and Ireland. ...... 2 
 PRO hu due che c es 2 RC 
 DR epson eh des Sen en L 
 PRVRE Serbe 
 A MS RS er A Lun 
 fit BR OR RIRES ESS 
 
 { Great Britain and Ireland. ....…. 
 D UT PRANESE AMOR INR 
 LR RE LR MES RC 
 United Sites seau 
 Fe terne Eucd ed RER 
 
 
 
 General Council Medals 
 
 Qt «3 
 
 pt pt ÀQ DO 9 C9 CO Fm GT CO CO CT bd , 
 
 
 
 Re ren SE 
 DEVAIS PTE ue 
 LUSCANY SES EU SUR Vo es . 
 Or. Lt: isr ed 
 Ses le Ge 2 
 
 Council Medals 
 
 
 
 States of the Church............ 
 Holland 0 000000 00000 
 
 : # ES 
 
 RERO it 
 
 RE tm _ 
 
 = RS nn 
 die eme À ; 
 
 suit : ui: ss: << À — . Re 
 … u dune un ES - 
 — + — —- : - \ . SP APR PAIE PPS HO ER NE RAGAr Er £r ar OR A = 
 —— ré  ” — a mm : de mn = ES + = A : . L 
 
 
 
tm 
 
 ER 
 
 At Paris, in 1855, without reckoning the prizes awarded in the three 
 classses of the Fine Arts, there were distributed 112 Grand Medals of 
 Honor, and 258 Medals of Honor, divided as follows : 
 
 ET PE ET EE TT | 
 Éhoent Britain. ss ss este 0 US 
 Belgium ....sesosessssssersse 
 Prusnid-ie rs cuis 0 876038 Case 
 Austrian scsi us esse et 
 United States .253 ess. 6ures 
 Grand Medals of Honor 4 British India «..s.esesssessseese 
 CAM EE amies rss tn te 
 DOTE eve vs vessostier etre 
 ÉD dessus cuvette ins 
 Lombardv ......... 
 Pledmonit.. 0 10 0. 
 [Bavaria ......... GES 
 
 pd pt je jend jnt jt DO DO O9 OX 3 
 
 [ France .......... sos ces +149 
 Great Britain, . ses scevssues des 01 
 PEUR cols ste CRE eV LS SIN IT 
 duatriars id CEE EI NS ROSE 
 Belgium... sssssssesessses se 10 
 Gwitzerland ..+ ses 6604 0 
 Tuscany..sess sors sonsrese se 
 United States ,...605000 0.900 
 Duchy of Baden............... 
 HOHaE stades ue Soi 
 Medals of Honor Spain sssosssossrossresssers ee 
 PER Laser cs se vo ea benne 
 Wurtemberg .... esse. 
 RL NS D 
 D'OMMI Rs LaSandedsoossran us 
 Duchy of Hesse................ 
 Er one 
 Portugal .... 
 PAR sl san sir ant SRE 
 British Guiana...e coco... 
 | Australia ..............s...re 
 
 bi joni jeué jend jet jenl bed pi junt met DO O9 09 C9 à 
 
 The international jury of 1851, was composed of about half English and 
 and half foreigners ; that of 1855, was half French and half foreigners. 
 
 At Paris as at London, the price of admission was different on different 
 days of the week, and in both there was an exceedingly low rate appointed 
 for one day in the week. In London this rate of admission was 1s. sterling 
 or 1s. 3d. of our money ; at Paris, it was 20 centimes, rather less than 3d. 
 of our money. It is well known that in France, admission to exhibitions 
 and museums is for the most part gratuitous. The smallest number of 
 persons who visited the Cystal Palace in 1851, on any one of these low 
 
 
 
D Et 
 
 cb + 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 +. | Lol 
 
 = E 
 
 be D Ground Floor . 
 
 
 
 | [ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | HE Hi | 
 a jy | M DL pu | 
 | d s —- - ——— —— | ! tt pue pin verge | 
 | Hu = Le . . Lie cn æ —" À {fes | 
 | 32 7 «Je Ê9 24 27 26 25 4 5 23 14 21 7 19 7 7 16 : 7 1 z 1 20 2 F, 6 j 1 / LEE | 
 | LU | 
 | ? > . . , £ SEE | 
 | ? : + À | 
 : L L % 
 | F R A X E | 
 | . . . D vd L ë . e _ e C | 
 ; à D | 
 | \ FA L 
 | | 
 | J . F | 
 | LORS AT F G “ | 
 ° 
 BAVBEEA pe — — — — — — — ——.- TR CRUE sain ère Le :20 ; ai « - | 
 " PA, ARE) 0 A 1 | # | 
 hd | L | 1 | 
 : Wartemberé, | RE SE Se ” | 
 # | v ae É TES ER UXN [ Î ED Dr ss : | 
 | | Du sn | | | A Ï | | 
 FE Rs | STATES FRANCO J 
 | | Saxony | | LL r | 
 MR hEbiur rites om : 
 ” l rec 4 : » | | L . . , L, . . + " [7 s « . « . E L Î 
 Baden | 4 -em : | = a et ct L "y" » A4 à \ 
 DR np .  IAUSTRIA BELGIUM! ! | GREAT BRITAIN | 
 move AOLLVEREITN LA AS # | 
 L. | “ » " > > . ! - °- . | [2 “ » a ù | 
 * { 
 Prussia | ET es 
 r'uss | : | FRANCE | | 
 D 26 25 24 25 22 2} 20 "N° 0 26 4 | 4 7J 72 ee ? / 7 OM. AL. FF | 
 - nes: pins : (1111 RE LE Ré me Ti En mon EE UE = | 
 : mr ' Air ; : cn : 2 _ i 
 C'&rEIASCS | 
 Ver 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 RC TA ARE TR EDR EE Le een 
 D RME 
 
 
 
 + nr 
 
 
 
 
 
 LS 
 
 
 
 ST | es | [l 
 
 
 
227 
 
 om c tes 
 EEE = 
 
 
 
 
 
 —— 
 
 
 
 priced days, was 34,000 ; the largest 109,000: The smallest number at 
 … Paris was 42,000, the largest 120,000. 
 
 Having given this general information and exhibited those statistics of 
 both, the comparison of which is so interesting, we shall now proceed to re- 
 view the labyrinth of those floors and those galleries, which the world had 
 charged with the wondrous products of human genius. 
 
 IT. 
 THE CENTRE OF THE NAVE. 
 
 The small plan of the Champs Elysées which accompanies this volume 
 shews the relation and position of the different edifices of the Exhibition 
 at Paris. Let us enter the Palace in its eastern face and cast à rapid 
 glance over the mass of articles which occupy each distinct compartment 
 of this vast receptacle of all nations. 
 
 Having entered the nave, we find on each side of the passage by which 
 we approach, chimney pieces, and various architectural ornaments of 
 marble of different kinds, and a few rich articles of bronze : those on the 
 right being of French manufacture, the other nations occupying the op- 
 posite side. 
 
 The nave contains large articles, collected on this middle or neutral 
 space, between the French compartments occupying the whole north 
 part or right side of the edifice, and the foreign compartments occupying 
 the other side. 
 
 The two first articles which we notice are : 1st.A looking-glass from 
 St. Gobain, a specimen of French skill in glass-making. This plate is 
 simply 17 feet by 10 feet. There is room in it to see oneself at full 
 length. Itis needless to say that the beauty of this article is on a par 
 with its extraordinary size. nd. À crystal candelabra of enormous 
 size, having eighteen gas jets ; This article is of English manufacture, from 
 the House of Osler, of London and Birmingham. Next in succession are 
 a lantern of French manufacture, and two bronzed candelabra, one from 
 the foundry of Tusey, the other from the English foundry of Messrs. 
 Muel, Whal & Co. Two reflecting lanterns, one having a revolv- 
 ing light moving by a mechanism of clock-work, by Mr. Sautter 
 of Paris; the other with a fixed light from the manufactory of 
 Chance, Brothers & Co. of Birmingham. An equestrian figure the 
 natural size, representing à knight armed cap-a-pie in polished steel], 
 
 
 
228 
 
 a — 
 
 Mr. Granger, of Paris, property purveyor to the Opera. An iron door 
 made Mr. W. Bally, of London. An eagle, defending its prey, in bronze, 
 copied from a beautiful composition of the French sculptor, M. Caïn, by 
 Mr. Vittoz, a manufacturer of bronzes of Paris ; the eagle-slayer, a bronze 
 by Messrs. John Bell, of London. À superb carving in wood, called the 
 Shrine of St. Hypolite, executed at Rouen, by Messrs. Ouelbery, cabinet- 
 maker and Alphonse Jean, wood-carver, from the design of M. Desmarest, 
 chief architect to the department of Seine inférieure. An article of furni- 
 ture in oak, by Messrs. Holland and Son, of London, À model in joiners’ 
 work of the immense printing establishment of Napoléon Chaix, of Paris, 
 the celebrated editor of the Railway Library, with figures, shewing the 
 machinery at work. A telescope, 12 feet long and 9 inches in diameter, 
 mounted parallactically to the latitude of Paris, 48° 50° and moveable by 
 wheel-work, by M. Secretan, optician to H. I. M. the Emperor. Instruments 
 used at the observatory at Greenwich, a meridian circle, and a transit 
 instrument. À splendid pleasure boat, built at London, by Messrs, Searle 
 & Fie, builders to H. M. the Queen. This beautiful boat is built of 
 Canadian birds”-eye maple and mahogany. À marine trophy, a large col- 
 lection of apparatus and models connected with the sea and river services 
 of English manufacture, models of steamers, sailing vessels, anchors, chains, 
 blocks and cordage: this trophy is surrounded by figures habited in 
 diving dresses. A fine statue in bronze of St, Jean Baptiste, by M. Calla, 
 a Parisian artist. 
 
 Mechanical compositors and distributors of type for printing. The 
 progress to perfection which this French invention is daily making in 
 France and Belgium, enable us to foresee a time when the composition and 
 distribution of type will be effected with such rapidity, that the cost of 
 books, and other printed matters, will be greatiy diminished. 
 
 A Knight attacking a serpent with bow and arrow, cast in bronze, by M. 
 Victor Thiébaut. 
 
 An altar-front in white marble, representing in demi relief busts. of 
 Christ and the Apostles, surrounded by vine-branches and large foliage, 
 also in half relief. Another altar in marble (Gothic) surrounded by a glory. 
 On the front of this altar is a symbolical representation of what inspired 
 the answer of the Virgin : Ex hoc beatlam me dicent omnes generationes ! 
 The Mother of our Saviour accompanied by St. Elizabeth, appears on a 
 hill, towards which the eyes and the homage of all nations and generations 
 of the earth are.directed, represented by shepherds, magi, princes, and 
 doctors of the law, . This long. train of people, pontiffs, and kinss, closes 
 with Pope Pius IX, proclaiming the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, 
 and the sailors of the French fleet in the Baltic receiving from the 
 Emperor the image of the Virgin. These two superb altars are the 
 work of the Abbé Choyer d'Angers. 
 
 
 

 
 229 
 
 on, 
 
 D —— 
 tn = 
 —— mm 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Another altar of veined marble in the Bysantine style, A vast chimne 
 Piece of the same material, embellished with the statue of a female, 
 symbolical of the City of Paris, and with four medallions containin 
 Portraits of Tasse, Arioste, Dante, and Petrareu. These two works s 
 by M. Vossey of Paris, << 
 
 À magnificent aviary, ornamented with small basins containine live fish 
 and with flowers, sculptured figures, and turtle doves, canaries, pes ee 
 birds, living together in the utmost harmony. This aviary is by M. Tahan 
 of Paris. 
 
 À statue of Icarus falling, in bronze, of great beauty and crace. effects 
 hard to be attained, in the inverted position of Icarus, the tYPS of ImDE Re 
 adventurers. This beautiful work was designed by the artistic hand of M. 
 Hypolite Ferrat, and cast by M. Vittoz of Paris. 
 
 À Brazilian diamond of the weight of 225 carats, bearing the name of 
 Star of the South, exhibited by M. Halphen. | 
 
 À Gothic altar with statues of angels and a pointed arch, in French 
 artificial stone, 
 
 Two bronze busts representing their Majesties the Emperor and 
 Empress, by Messrs. Elkington, Mason & Co. of England. 
 
 À Gothic pulpit of wood, carved by M. Vereman, of Holland. 
 
 Queen Boadicea rousing the Britons, represented with two of her 
 children, and holding a sword. This bronze work was cast by Messrs. 
 Elkington, Mason & Co. of Birmingham, and was copied from the 
 original in marble by the English sculptor, John Thomas. 
 
 À statue of Lesbia weeping for the death of her bird, in bronze, by M. 
 
 Labroüe, of Paris. 
 An altar of white marble with a mosaic pavement, in Bysantine work, 
 
 by M. Jabonim, of Bordeaux. 
 
 The nave is here divided by the transept, having at the point of inter- 
 section à gushing fountain of fusible lava, decorated with flowers of the 
 natural colours, in bronze, by the -decorators of Paris. 
 
 We continue our walk through the central nave towards the western 
 
 extremity of the Palace. 
 An altar of the middle ages, in Goldsmith’s work, by Messrs. Poussielgue 
 
 and Rusand. 
 
 À fountain in porcelain, by Messrs. Creil and Montereau. 
 
 À Gothic chair of carved wood, by Messrs. Couypers and Stolzemberg, of 
 the Netherlands. 
 
 An altar in goldsmith’s work, by M. Bochelet, of Paris. 
 
 An immense plate looking-glass, by Floreffe, of Belgium. 
 
 À fountain surrounded by à basket of flowers in freestone, by M. 
 
 Melnetzhy, of Belgium. 
 
 
 

 
 An altar-piece of oak, in the Gothic style, by Messrs. Goyers Brothers 
 
 of Louvain, Belgium. 
 
 A Madonna of carved oak in a niche of the same with statues of angels, 
 columns, and incense vases. The angels hold suspended over the head of 
 the Virgin a crown of marble of dazzling whiteness. 
 
 Four basins, by M. Giovanni Isola, Professor at the Royal Academy of 
 Massa, Italy. 
 
 Several articles of smaller importance, duplicates of which are in the 
 galleries, among them are telescopes and a clock from Austria. 
 
 The two horses of Marley in galvanized copper after Coustou. 
 
 Model of the great French ocean steamer, Danube. This admirable model, 
 which cost £3000, and represents one-fifteenth the size of the original, 
 the screw and sailing vessel Danube, shews even the movements of the 
 steam-engine, the minute parts of its structure, the sails, riggings, furniture 
 and fittings of all kinds, of a ship exemplifying the mixed principles of the 
 screw and sails, as prevalent in the present age. The Danube is the pro- 
 perty of the company of the Messageries Imperiales for the Medi- 
 terranean and Black Seas. It is 240 feet long, 33 feet beam, 20 feet depth 
 of hold, and draws 14 feet water. It has three masts, a screw-engine of 
 370 horse power, goes 13 knots per hour, and carries 600 tons of merchan- 
 dize, besides passengers, &c. This model was made in the workshops 
 of La Ciotat, near Marseilles, according to the plans of M. Dupuy 
 de Lôme, engineer, and under the eye of M. Delecour, Engineer. This is 
 the most beautiful of all the numerous and beautiful models in the Exhibi- 
 tion. 
 
 The large lantern of M. Augustin Fresnel, the inventor of the lenticular 
 reflectors. This admirable invention is now too well known to require long 
 description. 
 
 Two players at bowls, bronzes after the antique, in the Museum at 
 Naples, by M. Gros Marly, of Paris. 
 
 À bronze in the style of Patin, by Messrs. Eck & Durand, of Paris: 
 This group represents a combat between a horse aud a lion. 
 
 Vases of Berlin porcelain, to imitate that of Sèvres. 
 
 Four bronze stags of the natural size, from Berlin ; two of the ordinary 
 dusk colour, the two others of a light buff colour. 
 
 A hunting dog in bronze. 
 
 À flower-stand of pyramidal form, in the Moorish style, with pillars, vases 
 and arabesques, of colored bronze, by Mr. Charles Diébitch, of Berlin, 
 
 This closes the list of the articles in the parallelogram forming the 
 centre of the nave. 
 
 
 
d'été 
 
 231 
 
 IE. 
 LATERAL PORTIONS OF THE NAVE. 
 
 Turning to the right in the foreign department, we return from the 
 west to the eastern extremity. 
 
 The first compartment contains contributions from Saxony. These 
 are tapestries, and small pieces of embroidered needle-work, in imitation 
 of engravings on copper plate, exhibited by Mr. Hiétel ; paintings on 
 porcelain in the shape of fancy boxes, medallions, snuffboxes, and 
 ornamented articles for the toilet by Mr. Bucker; articles of plated 
 straw by Mr. Reichel ; and lace mixed with plaited straw, by Mr. C. G. 
 Rein and M. Brennewit. 
 
 The second compartment contains articles of pottery ; small fountains, 
 vases, statuettes, and table-furniture of terra cotta, alabaster, stone, and 
 porcelain. These several substances are used either separately or com- 
 bined, either in their natural state, or ornamented with paintings. The 
 exhibitors are Messrs. Villeroy and Bock of Prussia. 
 
 The third and fourth compartments also contain Prussian articles, the 
 former, porcelain from the royal manufactory at Berlin, and a mirror 
 from that of the glass Company of Aiïix-la-Chapelle ; the latter, crystal 
 and porcelain lustres by M. C. Spinn and likewise articles of porcelain 
 from the royal manufactory at Berlin, among which is a pretty candela- 
 brum with a figure of Cupid pointing an arrow. 
 
 The next four compartments belong to Austria, and contain porcelain 
 and enamels of Messrs Guntler, Grohmann and Neffer, a gothic clock 
 case, and various fancy articles of wood carved in the most admirable 
 manner, by Messrs. Stanmer and Breul; a bas-relief representing a 
 religious subject from the Imperial Printing Office at Vienna ; and a col- 
 lection of vases of stained and cut glass. These vases magnificently de- 
 corated with scenes of history and the chase, are by Mr. Hegenbarth. 
 These are the contents of the first compartment of Austria, the others 
 contain a splendid collection of vases, ornamental and fancy articles in 
 plain, coloured, and enameled glass from the manufactory of Messrs. 
 Kralick and Tascheck ; another still finer collection of glass and porce- 
 lain from the manufactory of His Excellency, the Comte de Harrach; 
 and finally another collection of porcelain in imitation of Sevres, by 
 Messrs. Fischer and Portheim. 
 
 The three next compartments contain articles from Belgium ; one, 
 
 
 
232 
 
 
 
 
 
 Re Reel 
 
 magnificent cloths of various colours from the factory of M. Biolley and 
 Son, at Verviers; another, a collection of sacerdotal vestments of un- 
 paralleled richness and beauty. Thisis one of the finest show-cases in the 
 exhibition. The exhibitor, Mr. Van Halle of Brussels has inscribed over 
 it the words, ‘ God alone is great, glory to Him alone ?? The last of 
 these three compartments is that which contains specimens of fire-arms. 
 The guns, rifles, and pistols which enrich this case, several of them 
 highly wrought, are from the manufactories of Messrs. Victor Collette, 
 Thonet, L’Honneux Brothers, Malherbe, Dandoy, Reick and Son, Mags, 
 Novent and Co., Schépers of Belgium, and particularly from that of the 
 celebrated Lepage of Liege. Among them is a rifled pistol of admirable 
 workmanship, firing twenty-four times without reloading. 
 
 We have now arrived at the cross alley, which is here decorated with 
 two small parterres of natural flowers and marble statues. Here is the 
 American section: as the most honorable place had been assigned to 
 France at New York, the compliment was reciprocated to the United 
 States at Paris, and, as if to give point to the proverb ‘ a good deed is 
 pever thrown away,” it happening that the United States could not fill 
 their pavilion, the Commissioners of that country gave up a part of it to 
 France, the products of which occupy much more than half the build- 
 ing. 
 
 Near the parterres, which we have just noticed, is 4 division contain- 
 ing articles of a rather novel manufactures that of hardened caoutchouc. 
 This material is now fashioned into combs, brush handles, handles of 
 tools, optical instruments, artificial whalebone, furniture, ornaments, 
 boxes, stocks of guns, knife-sheaths, scabbards, pouches and innumera- 
 ble other articles. 
 
 This composition is the invention of Mr. Goodyear, an American of 
 New York. Mr. Charles Morey, another American, purchased the 
 patent right in France from the inventor, and ïtis at present in that 
 country that this manufacture has been carried on to the greatest extent. 
 It labors, however, under two great disadvantages, one is the smell of the 
 caoutchouc which cannot as yet be got rid of, the other is the absence of 
 the test of time to ascertain its durability. The articles exhibited in the 
 Palace of Industry are from the manufactory of the General Company of 
 hardened caoutchouc, and from those of Messrs. Rousseau, Laferge and 
 Co., of the Seine et Oise; of Louis Panris & Co., of Lille; of Mirabel 
 Chambaud & Co. of St. Denis ; of Lafertrille & Co., of Paris ; Fauvelle 
 Dellebarre, of Paris, and of Poulot Prudent, of Paris. 
 
 Still passing along the alley, we finc two compartments in the American 
 pavilion, one containing Colt’s Revolvers, and highly finished clocks and 
 
 
 
_—— = = LENS € + Le ee _. 
 TEE TE = —— = nt > 
 
 233 
 
 watches from the house of Leroy and Son of Paris, the other articles ex- 
 clusivelÿ French Parisian jewellery by Mr. Maurice Mayer. 
 
 The eight following compartments, reaching to the extremity ofthe alley, 
 belong to the United Kingdom, and contain painted and gilt articlesof iron 
 ware from the manufactory of Perry, Shoolbred, Loveridge 4: Co., woollen 
 carpets, tissues and stuffs of silk, wool, and cotton from Bedford and Hali- 
 fax ; articles of furniture of papier-maché by Jennens and Betteridge, and 
 lamps and ornaments for doors from Timothy Smith and Son of Birming- 
 ham ; cotton prints and muslins of all descriptions of pattern and beauty of 
 fabric by Messrs. Dalgleish Falconer & Co. of Glasgow; articles of earth- 
 enware and porcelain from the Staffordshire Potteries ; china-ware from 
 Messrs. Rose and Daniel of London; tissues of silk from Manchester ; 
 beautiful mantel-pieces of polished iron and bronze, in the most correct 
 taste, by Hoole of Sheffield ; and last, a magnificent case containing speci- 
 mens of linen, cloth and lace of Irish manufacture, sent by the houses of 
 Holden & Co., and Robert Lindsay & Co., of Belfast. 
 
 Crossing the eastern end of the Nave, and passing along the northern 
 side which belongs altogether to France, we examine the compartments 
 and cases occupying the right of the alley immediately adjoining the 
 centre of the buiïlding. 
 
 The first compartment contains a church organ of small size and designs 
 for larger ones, contributed by Mr. Caïllé of Paris ; likewise a melodeon by 
 Messrs. Alexander & Son. 
 
 The next division contains the magnificent harps and pianos of the 
 celebrated Erard, and the no less beautiful ones of Messrs. Pape, Blanchet, 
 Playel & Co., flutes and fifes by Mr. Tulon, violins, violincelloes, éc., by 
 Messrs. Bernard and Vuillaume ; and instruments of military music by 
 Messrs. Besson & Gautrot. 
 
 We next arrive at the fine exhibition of typography, types, engravings 
 and specimens of printing, by Mr. Henri Plon, then at the compartment 
 occupied by Messrs. Tuber & Brothers, containing decorative articles of 
 statues and bas-reliefs in carton-pierre, a bust of the Emperor, and 
 particularly a frame remarkable for its fresh beauty, its dazzling whiteness 
 and its colossal demensions. This frame forms a chimney-piece embel- 
 lished with a running border of artificial flowers and surmounted with a 
 plate glass, such as can be made only at Paris. 
 
 The minister of War has deposited in this place a trophy of the arms 
 used by the Infantry and field-artillery, cannon, brass field-mortars, mus- 
 kets, rifles, pistols, sabres, bayonets, lances, cuirasses, helmets, &c. The 
 most remarkable are the Minie Rifle, with the half bent sabre of the 
 Chasseurs de Vincennes, and the lance-musket of the Cent-gardes. This 
 musket is loaded at the breech and is very light.  Înstead of the 
 
 
 

 
 bayonet, a sword or rapier of great length is fitted to it, and the weapon 
 thus formed by the union ofthe musket with the sword, is more than 
 seven feet long, and may be used as a lance. 
 
 The next case contains beautiful Cashmere shawls contributed by 
 Mr. Bietry ; optical instruments by Mr. Cam ; superb ivory articles by Mr. 
 Poisson, fancy articles by Mr. Mayer, and perfumery by Messrs. Henry 
 and Demerson. 
 
 After them we have biscuit ware in every shape by Mr. Gille, toilet 
 articles by Mr. Sormani, charming fans by Mr. Duvelleroy, and porcelain 
 vases, artificial flowers, and various articles for the toilet, by several ex- 
 hibitors ; among them stained and gilt papers by Mr. Angrand, and fancy 
 buttons by Messrs. Trelon, Welden and Well. 
 
 One compartment is devoted to ornamental articles for the side board 
 by Jeanselme & Son, among them a game-keeper carved in wood, and a 
 gilt side-board, in the oriental style, adopted and perfected by Parisian art. 
 
 The compartment which now meets our eyes contains bronzes by 
 Mr. Barbedienne, and among the vast number exhibited we are attract- 
 ed by a copy, half the size of the original, of the door ofthe celebrated Bap- 
 tistery at Florence made by Lorenzi Giberti ; a group reduced to one third 
 size of the Laocoon ; a copy half size of the Venus of Milo; the Moses of 
 Michael Angelo, one fourth size, and two splendid candelabra of bronze gilt. 
 
 The next space is occupied by Mr. Tahan with furniture from his 
 celebrated factory. Here among other articles may be seen a superb 
 side-board of rose-wood with gilded arabesque. 
 
 Cut glass of every description from the renowned manufactories of 
 Clichy, St. Louis and Baccarat, adom the next compartment. The 
 last mentioned of these manufactories have placed there two immense 
 candelabra entirely composed of glass, their total height being 17 feet. 
 
 French laces are well known, we therefore stop for awhile before the 
 pavilion of Mr. Auguste Lefébure, who exhibits black point lace from 
 Bayeux, Brussels, Venetian, Valencienne and Alençon point : we admire 
 not more than others perhaps, some artificial flowers of white lace, and a 
 toilet table ornamented with these flowers and draped with the different 
 varieties of point lace. 
 
 We now come to the central avenue. Opposite to the great fountain in 
 the middle of the nave, a small parterre has been arranged on each 
 side ormamented with marble statues. In this vicinity are pavilions 
 containing inimitable specimens of Parisian plate and jewellery, silver 
 salvers, services, ewers, baskets and. candelabra, by Mr. Fray ; a mag- 
 nificent tea service, dishes with covers, and a model in bronze of a 
 superb vase executed in repoussé silver, the subject of the bas-relief 
 which ornaments the cup is a tournament of the middle ages, exhibited 
 
 
 
235 
 
 
 
 
 
 by Mr. Durand. Next to these articles, the following gentlemen ex- 
 hibit : Mr. Manuel, candelabra of silver gilt, a Gothic poniard, the handle 
 of which represents St. Michael overthrowing Satan, and a shield re- 
 presenting the last combat of the Amazons, from the celebrated design 
 Sic Victoria Victis; Messrs. Rudolphi and Wiese exhibit superb col- 
 lections of every variety of jewellery in which, all descriptions of precious 
 materials are fashioned in a thousand different ways ; Mr. Morel-Ladeuil, 
 chaser, contributes a model in wax of a vase to be executed in repoussé 
 for the sum of £950, the subject is The dance of the Fairies, taken from 
 the poems of Germany ; Mr. Wechte, a magnificent vase representing 
 the combat of the Centaurs and the Lapithae, and Mr. Lebrun, a mag- 
 nificent collection of silver vases of various designs. 
 
 The next compartment contains the incomparable mousselines-de- 
 laines and superb cashmeres, exhibited by Messrs. Bernoville Brothers, 
 Larsonnier Brothers, and Chenest. 
 
 Porcelain ware contributed by a number of exhibitors, occupies the 
 next compartment, we may notice particularly, a bust of the Empress, 
 sculptured by Mr. Barre, and executed in porcelain by Mr. Gille, Jr. ; 
 and two vases of biscuit-ware, representing the festivals of Bacchus, 
 exhibited by Messrs. Jouhanneaud and Dubois. 
 
 A magnificent compartment is that containing the court mantle of 
 silk and gold and the cashmeres exhibited by Mr. Gagelin, the fresh 
 looking feathers and the head dresses by Madame Melanie Brun, and 
 the jewellery by Messrs. Bruneau and Company, Bapst and Charles 
 Duron. 
 
 After these come magnificent candelabra in bronze, plain, gilded 
 and coloured, exhibited by Mr. Denière ; among the groups which 
 compose the the pedestals of these candelabra are some which 
 contain very exquisite statuettes, a large candelabrum with a hunting 
 design, representing a tree in coloured bronze resting on the base of a 
 column ornamented with boars’ heads surrounded with oak leaves. At 
 the foot of the tree is a dog in bronze ; a gun and hunting accoutrements 
 are supported by the trunk ; and hares and partridges are hung to the 
 branches which support the candles. 
 
 The next compartment contains lenticular reflectors for light houses 
 by Lepaute ; clocks and chronometers, by Mr. Wagner, and optical 
 instruments by Mr. Dubosq-Soleil. 
 
 Among the superb cashmeres exhibited by Mr. Hebért, which occupy 
 the next pavilion, we notice a shawl, the principal design in which 
 represents the bust of the Emperor, surrounded by allegorical figures. 
 
 Here the minister of Marine has erected a trophy of the weapons em- 
 ployed in the French Navy. Cannons throwing oval balls of 200 Ibs. in 
 
 
 
en 
 
 236 
 
 LT RTE D 2 2 A A aan RE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 weight; grappling irons, axes, cutlasses and boarding pikes ; enormous 
 muskets for the marines, pistols, sabres, bayonets, in fact all the instru- 
 ments of destruction which Mr: Cobden would like to see at the bottom 
 of the ocean, doubtless to give the unnecessary trouble of inventing them 
 over again. 
 
 Let us stop to admire the beautiful jewellery by.Mr. Froment Meurice, 
 and particularly that magnificent Church ornament of silver, wäith. small 
 pictures on enamel, the pedestal is ornamented with small silver statues 
 of the four Evangelists; the arabesques, which form the outer frame, 
 contain three pictures, the middle one represents the crucifixion, that to 
 the left Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane, and thaton the right the Ecce 
 Homo. The same compartment also contains artificial flowers by Miss 
 Pitrat. 
 
 The next stall contains an immense variety of zinc wares, pipes, con: 
 duits, sheets for roofing, vases, implements, garden statues, in fact no 
 end of zinc contrivances exhibited by the Nouvelle Montaigne Foundry. 
 
 The factory of St. Jacques in the department of Allier, occupies the 
 last compartment of the avenue which we have gone through. It con- 
 tains a model of that vast establishment and models of wagons, locomo- 
 tives, railway carriages, in fact allthe contrivances employed about rail- 
 ways,.10 the manufacture of which this factory is dedicated. 
 
 à 
 
 CIRCUIT OF THE NAVE. 
 
 We cross the nave from the north to the south side, to visit the com- 
 partments located on each side that portion situated between the two 
 side avenues. In order the better to understand the movements we are 
 making, it must be borne in mind that we are traversing the Palace from 
 the centre towards the perephery, following the avenues by a deviating 
 course, traversing first those which are the nearest to the middle of the 
 nave, afterwards those which are more remote, and proceeding thus 
 until we reach the avenue which is nearest to the wall. 
 
 Passing from the first French avenue which we visited, to the foreign 
 side of the Palace, the first objects which present themselves to view, 
 belong to the exhibition of Saxony ; they consist of cloths of various 
 kinds, exhibited by Messrs. Lohse and Robert Albrecht ; specimens of 
 book binding, typography and galvanoplasty, some of which are very 
 
 
 
Deer _— = 
 ’ 
 
 EE RE 
 
 237 
 RS 
 
 beautiful. These are contributed by Mr. Brockans, and the house of 
 Giesecke and Devrient. . 
 
 Next to these contributions from Saxony, is placed the exhibition of 
 articles from the Grand Duchy of Baden. Metallic fabries of great beauty 
 made of copper wire, contributed by Mr. Kehl ; among these metallic 
 cloths is one destined for use in paper making, which presents a con- 
 tinuous surface revolving on a cylinder, this cloth beautifully woven is 
 30 feet long by 7 feet wide. Next come from the same country, printed 
 fabrics vf cotton and thread contributed by Mr. Gabriel Hérosé ; fine 
 specimens of different woollen cloths, by Messrs. Ræœcklin and Son ; 
 splendid velvets of all imaginable colors, from the Badoise Society of 
 Ettlinger. 
 
 We next pass to the large compartment belonging to Prussia. Entering 
 the court we see to the right and left various specimens of china work, 
 from the Royal Factory of Berlin, and also specimens of the same articles, 
 by Widow Mattschas, among which a very beautiful statue in terra cotta, 
 half life size, representing Hope, is worthy of remark. 
 
 A great part of the Prussian compartment is occupied by a display of 
 instruments of warfare, more particularly sabres and swords : helmets and 
 cuirasses of very beautiful workmanship may be seen, and a magnificent 
 cannon of cast steel; these objects come from the following manufactories, 
 numely : Messrs. Lunschloss, Schmolz, Hoppe, Harlkopf, Holler, Schilling, 
 Engel, Morh, Speyer and Krupp. 
 
 The other numerous objects contained in this magnificent compartment 
 comprise jewellery of various kinds, particularly some beautiful little hunt- 
 scenes, painted in miniature on ivory, by M. Carl Schulz: a magnificent 
 Christ in bronze, of about three-fourths life size, at the foot of the cross is 
 a statue of the Virgin embracing the feet of Jesus. This beautiful object 
 is contributed by the Count d’Enisiédal; a splendid Gothie mausoleum 
 of cast iron, from the foundries of Count de Stolberg Wernigerode : the 
 same nobleman furnished for exhibition the following articles, also of 
 cast iron: a superb cross of filagree work, in the Gothic style ; lattices 
 of unparallelled lightness and elegance ; iron lace covers and clasps for 
 books ; filagree fans as delicate and light as if made of more flexible 
 materials. (1) Count Stolberg also exhibits crucifixes and other articles 
 for religious purposes of fine white marble. Mr. Fischer’s bronzes 
 comprise a very pretty group, half life size, the subject of which is a fawn 
 attacked by an eagle. Mr. Stobwasser exhibits paintings upon fancy 
 articles composed of sheet iron, which display much freshness and taste. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ee 
 
 (1) Itis well known that Prussian iron presents in these articles a velvetty surface, and 
 a warmth of color which has never been imparted to the iron of any other country, and which 
 is due as much to the quality of the metal as to the manufacturing processes employed, 
 
 SR 
 
 
 
PR ES EEE rm mms | 
 | oo "09 07 CESSE ie a 
 
 An incredible number and variety of articles of every kind, articles for 
 religious purposes, toilet articles, jewels, amulets, necklaces, bracelets, &C., 
 &c., decorated with amber and coral, are contributed by exhibitors whose 
 names are as follow: Messrs. Hoffman, Winterfield, Nièse, and Tessler. 
 The Prussian gold and silversmiths are fully represented ; among the articles 
 contributed by Messrs. Rentropp and Kime, we may notice a Gothic cal- 
 vary in silver, about ten feet in height, gold and silver vases, and a superb 
 
 cover for a Roman Missal in silver, by M. Kune of Altena; a fountain of 
 bronze and silver, a gothic cross with groups in bas relief representing 
 subjects from the apocalypse, and an equestrian group, representing an 
 Amazon defending herself from a tiger, by Wagner; vases by Volgold; 
 magnificent salvers by Loventhol & Co.; a salver in the form of a shield, 
 representing in low relief a combat of the Amazons, by Loventhol. We 
 find a magnificent column of Prussian casting from the foundries above 
 mentioned ; the column is surmounted by an eagle holding a thunderbolt 
 in his talons, the middle of the Gothic shaft of octagon figure presents 
 eight statuettes of beautiful workmanship, representing the arts and 
 sciences. Mr. Haag has exhibited specimens of colors applied to enamels 
 Mr. Lauchammer among other very beautiful articles in bronze exhibits a 
 fire place of burnished casting, ornamented with decorations in bronze and 
 polished in a severe yet agreeable style.  Volgold and son have contributed 
 a large bas relief representing the marriage of a Prussian Princess; a 
 specimen of the galvano plastic process in fine silver, more interesting as a 
 process than as a work of art. To conclude this brief description of the 
 principal articles in this compartment we may remark the variety of jewel- 
 lery and toys exhibited by Friedeberg and Friedmann. 
 
 The two large compartments adjoining that we have just visited are oc- 
 eupied by Austria. The first object which presents itself to the eyes of the 
 visitor among the Austrian productions, is, the exhibition of the Imperial 
 Printing Ofice at Vienna, one of the most magnificent typographic 
 establishments in the whole world. There are constantly employed 
 in it more than 1000 hands, and there are prosecuted to the utmost degree 
 of perfection all the branches of the arts connected with typography. The 
 magnificent collection exhibited consists of specimens of the following pro- 
 cesses : a secretary table containing all the illustrations of polygraphy, 
 to wit: four volumes in folio, containing more than three thousand differ- 
 ent specimens of the characters employed in ancient and modern writing, 
 and of the types employed in printing the different languages by their 
 respective nations, copies of antique engravings, including those of Albert 
 Dürer, illustrations and engravings by the processes, known under the 
 technical names of xylography, chimitype on copper or steel, lithography 
 chromolithography, chimigraphy, the galvano plastic process, stylography, 
 
 
 
239 
 
 Lomme ES 
 
 
 
 ee, 
 
 
 
 galvanography, hyalography, photography, microtype, and printing from 
 nature. 
 
 This latter process, recently adopted in the Imperial Printing Office of 
 Austria, merits special mention on account of the beauty of the impression 
 it produces and the importance of the applications that may be made of 
 it in the advancement of the natural science. It consists in producing an 
 impression in relief, by means of objects themselves, having all the truth- 
 fulness of nature, and exhibiting all their minutest details, such as the 
 leaves of a tree, flowers, plants, skins of animals, insects, and different kinds 
 of woven fabrics ; in order to obtain these fac similes the object is placed 
 upon a solid plate of steel, and covered with a sheet of lead evenly rolled, 
 the whole is then placed in a rolling press by means of which the impres- 
 sion of the object is produced in the malleable substance of the lead, this 
 figure is retaken from the lead upon copper, by means of the galvano plastic 
 process, but inasmuch as it is reproduced in relief, a second galvano plas- 
 tic operation is necsssary to obtain upon copper a hollow impression, 
 which enables the figure to be transferred to paper in demi-relief. The 
 Imperial Printing Office of Austria exhibits among a number of illustra- 
 tions thus obtained, a print from nature of a bat of large size, the skin of 
 the animal was first emptied and then submitted to the effects of the roll- 
 ing press ; any imitation affected by hand, does not in any degree approach 
 the beauty, and more especially the fidelity of these impressions from 
 nature. 
 
 The exhibition by the Imperial Printing Office also includes engraving 
 by means of the punch, type produced from 80,000 different matrices. 
 stereotyped plates, books in different characters, magnificent book covers 
 with gold and silver clasps, engraving in all styles, articles of electro-plate, 
 and among others a superb collection of illustrations in relief, of anatomy 
 and natural history, for the use of the blind. 
 
 The Austrian compartments which we are now inspecting also contain: 
 numerous other articles, utensils, and covers, of German silver, polished, 
 plated and gilded, from the manufactory at Berndorf; an astonishing exhi- 
 bition as regards the number and beauty of the specimens of Bohemian 
 garnets, contributed by the following exhibitors : Messrs. Herman, Podie- 
 brad, Goldschmidt, and Count Schoenborn, gold chains of most perfect 
 beauty and purity by Bolzani & Co.; vases of gold and silver, amon: 
 which may be noticed a cup having designs in relief on the subject of horse 
 racing, the cup is of gold and the objects in relief of burnished silver, these 
 articles are contributed by M. Radzersdor of Vienna; a map in relief of 
 a mountainous district in Upper Austria, by M. Pauliny ; gold and silver 
 snuff boxes, by Schiell; two superb geographical maps, with mountains ia 
 relief, one of Austria the other of Europe, sent by the Imperial Institut: 
 
 F4 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 240 
 
 D CD SPEED PR D + recents Em RM men Co à 
 
 
 
 
 
 of Vienna; jewellery by Messrs. Pichler and Rocco Brothers; a collection 
 of precious stones, polished, by Mr. Anton Pozelt of Bohemia; a magni- 
 ficent collection of jewellery, comprising coronets, bracelets, bouquets of 
 garnets, rings, necklaces, pins, and more particularly a massive cross of 
 silver, in repoussé with gilded niches, in the Gothic style, containing sta- 
 tuettes of the Madonna and Child, Angels and Saints ; this magnificent 
 article was made by M. Jérôme Grohmann of Prague ; wooden and copper 
 musical instruments by Zeigler and Sons, and Miller and Son, of Vienna ; 
 strings of all kinds for musical instruments, by Louis Vanturini of Lom- 
 bardy ; a piano in a case of curled maple wood, by Mr. Peters. 
 
 So much for the contents of the first of the two Austrian compart- 
 ments: the second contains articles of quite another description—linen 
 and: cotton fabrics, white, colored and printed, sent by M. Forster, 
 of Bohemia, and M. Larger, of Moravia ; cotton fabrics, by Mr. Dor- 
 mitz; specimens of dyestuffs, especially Adrianople red, bÿ Reckle & 
 Brothers, from Upper Carenthia and Feld Kerch, Wellinger, Seykora 
 of Bohemia ; beautiful specimens of cotton thread by the heirs Dierzer 
 and Mr. Heimsch ; and fabrics from Trunau, Baumwoll, Lower of Austria, 
 and from Constance in Lombardy ; fustians by Mr. Spetzer, of Moravia ; 
 woollen, silk, linen and cotton fabrics, from the factory of M. Muller; 
 a numerous collection of colored cotton fabrics, by Mr. Francois Ler- 
 tenberger; white cottons of enormous width, from the factory of M. 
 Sobotka at Prague; beautiful calicoes, glazed cottons and muslins, by 
 Messrs. Neubert, Heilmann, and Redelhammer. 
 
 Next to these in the same compartment we find articles of ceramic 
 and glass manufacture, such as tissues of glass, spun and colored by 
 M. Tammasi, of Venice, including baskets, artificial flowers, lace, cer- 
 tainly for the most part more curious than beautiful in appearance, 
 enamels, artificial pearls, charlottes and brocailles of the famous Vene- 
 tian glass so long celebrated, glasses in sheets and panes, white and 
 colored, by M. Marietti, also of Venice; aventurine and mosaic imita- 
 tion rock work in glass, some of which are very beautiful, by Mr. Pic- 
 aglia ; a magnificent collection of crystal and cut glass, by M. Jauke 
 & Brothers, which comprises crystal vases of different shades, orna- 
 mented with designs displaying admirable skill, Stone porcelain, terra- 
 cotta and crystal, the materials employed in the fabrication of various 
 articles and domestic utensils are sent in great numbers by M. Richard, 
 the Imperial Factory of Lombardy, the factory at Prague, and by Count 
 de Hum. In the midst of this collection we observed. table services of 
 gilded porcelain, upon which the gold has been laid so perfectly that we 
 are almost induced at first sight to enquire why those articles of gold 
 plate have been placed in the midst of the stone ware and porcelain ; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | 
 | 
 
 
 
241 
 
 mg 
 
 sam | 
 
 
 
 
 
 ——" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the reason is, that in the very form of these table vases, gold plate has 
 been imitated so closely that you might fancy you were looking at 
 articles of gold in repoussé work. 
 
 The next compartment to those of Austria, which we have just 
 visited, belongs to the Belgian exhibition ; it contains: A collection of 
 black cloths, by M. Simonis, of Verviers ; cloths of all colors, among 
 which are red, yellow and superb green cloths, from the factories of 
 Messrs. Bleyfuez & Son, of Dison ; an immense collection of woollen 
 fabrics and fine cloths, by Charles Weber, of Verviers: ordnance 
 and muskets exhibited by the Government of Belgium ; lastly an enor- 
 mous collection of weapons of warfare and for the chase, the specimens 
 of which are contributed by the following manufacturers, chiefly from 
 Liège, to wit: Messrs. Lepage, Lemille, Bernimolin, Falisse and Trap- 
 man, Jausin, Lardinois, and Landers. This collection is composed of 
 arms of all kinds—rifles, muskets, pistols, sabres, hunting knives, bayo- 
 nets, some of which are most profusely ornamented, while the simplicity 
 of others is quite remarkable, There are rifles from £2 10s., and others 
 which cost £150. The rifles and muskets used by all the different 
 armies of Europe are there represented, 
 
 We next enter the United States” Department, in which we see—a 
 collection of wooden models of vessels, printed works and engravings 
 relating to the natural history of the United States, and some fine hydro- 
 graphical charts, the work of Lieutenant Maury, of the American N AVY. 
 The lines on these charts indicate the course of the wWinds and surface 
 currents of the different oéeans, others shew the latitudes in which whales 
 are found, All these articles were given to the French Government by 
 the Federal Government a few years ago ; a collection of engravings, 
 especially as applied to the engraving of bank notes ; two collections of 
 daguerreotype portraits, one by Mr. Meade, of New Yoïk ; pianos and 
 violins ; a fine collection of specimens of native copper, exhibited by 
 the Societé Française du Lac Superiéur : a few small specimens of 
 steel from South Carolina, contributed by the Swedish Steel Company ; 
 a fine side-board of carved wood, from the works of Messrs. Ringuet, 
 Leprince, Marcotte & Company, of New York : specimens of dentistry, 
 by Messrs. Fowler, Préterre and Kingsley, New York ; a magnificent 
 collection of Californian gold in its different natural conditions ; chron- 
 ometers, scales and standards of American weights and measures, : 
 sent by the comptroller’s office ; scales used in commerce, from the:- 
 scale company of Vergennes, State of Vermont; medals relating 
 to the history of the United States, from the mint at Philadelphia ; two: 
 mantel pieces, in colored marble, from Massachusetts, without ornament,, 
 
 Q 
 
 
 
 
 
242 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — ns uns _— _ - té 
 
 
 
 
 
 sent by M - a model of a large river steamboat ; a tanned alli- 
 gator's skin and boots made of that leather; this is à very singular and 
 beautiful production ; the surface is covered with quadrilateral marks 
 similar to the hammering of the workman, and varying in size accord- 
 ing to the different parts of the animal. 
 
 The next compartment, which is within the space allotted to the 
 United States, Is oceupied by French industry; here may be seen 
 magnificent paper-hangings exhibited by M. Genoux, of Paris ; a piano, 
 the case of which is of carved ebony, from the manufactory of Mr. 
 Harz; articles of decorative furniture, in different styles, by Messrs. 
 Drapier, Desgrangss, Lemercier, Ribailler and Mazaroz ; amongst others, 
 a side-board by the latter, with fishing and hunting subjects, purchased 
 
 by the Emperor ; porcelains and bronzes, by M. Boutigny ; and lastly, 
 
 furniture of Thuya and other Algerine woods, exhibited by Mr. Fourdi- 
 nois, among which we may remark a series of decorations for a room 
 ornamented with statues representing hunting subjects, and à bas-relief 
 representing à mythological winter scene. 
 
 The three compart ments next to those I have just referred to, belong to 
 the English exbibiton, and contain ; an extensive collection of bronzes 
 and plate, Py Elkington, Mason & Co., of London and Birmingham ; the 
 objects most worthy of remark, are two statues in bronze of life size, the 
 subjects of which are Dorothea and The Foung Naturalist, a vase in 
 :mitation of the antique silver candelabra with statuettes and a group 
 representing Guy of V rarwick killing the dun cow: The Knight, his 
 horse and the cow are silver, the tree at the foot of which the scene 18 
 taking place and the ferns ornamenting the soil, ‘and the ground itself are 
 of bronze. ‘The next compartment is the Birmingham Court ; it contains 
 woollen eloths, by Messrs. Stancomb & Son, Clark, Salter & Co., Wilson 
 and Armstrong, Dickson and Laïngs. A splendid assortment of sewing 
 cottons, by B rooks and Brothers; specimens of shell buttons by Messrs. 
 Banks and Hammond; gun caps; by Messrs. Armstrong & Co. and 
 Walker & Co.; specimens of locks by Messrs. Cotterilland Woolbridge ; 
 gold and steel pens, by Messrs. Hincks, Wells, Mason, Mitchell, and 
 Wiley ; sounding apparatus by Messrs. Ogden and Ericssons ; articles 
 of stamped copper by Mr. Joseph Hill : fishing materials by Mr. Allcock ; 
 emall steel articles by Messrs. Boulton & Son; à collection of lanterns, 
 eocks and other articles of that description, by Mr. Messenger ; beautiful 
 brasses both polished and twisted, also copper pipes and nails beautifully 
 wrought, Dy Mr. Everitt; metallic cords for pianos and harps by 
 Messrs. Webster & Son ; articles of papier-maché inlaid with mother of 
 pearl, or ormamented with paintings of different kinds, by Messrs. 
 Macallum and Hodson, Foothorape, Strowell and Sherton; locks, by 
 
 
 
A M IC 2 
 
 243 
 
 ns om PU Ne 
 
 RS —...——…—.——— —_—_— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 —— 
 
 Messrs. Touks & Son ; braces, straps, and woven belts, by Mr. Taylor ; 
 spécimens of buttons of different kinds by Messrs. Aston and Dain, 
 Watts and Marton, Swithkemp and Wright : Stationery, by Messrs. 
 Allan and Moore : beautiful specimens of saddlery by Mr. Midlemore, 
 and lastly a variety of surgical bandages by Mr. T, P. Salt, which com- 
 plete in these different classes, the collection from the manufacturing 
 town of Birmingham, the exhibitors of Which have erected an office for 
 general information in the middle of the Compartiment, which as we 
 have just stated they call the Birmingham Court. 
 
 The adjoining Compartiment contains; Twilled cotton fabrics, by 
 Messrs. Paul & Co., and Fyfe and Sons, of Glasgow : muslins and laces 
 by Messrs. Wallace, Macdonald and Brown ; White cottons by Mr. Bride ; 
 different cotton fabrics by Messrs. McMillan, Laird and Thompson ; 
 sewing cottons by Clark ; lace by Mr. T'urnbull : Poitery, crystal and 
 porcelain, by Messrs. Rose, Daniell, Pinder, and from the Staflordshire 
 potteries ; beautiful linen damasks, cotton damasked fabrics, and mixed 
 wWoollen and cotton fabrics, by Mr. Beveridge of Scotland > COtton goods, 
 by Messrs. Hollins, Slaters and Smith ; beautiful tools by Mr. Howard : 
 articles of silver and plated steel by Messrs. Dixon & Son; numerous 
 specimens of cutlery by the following makers : Messrs. Saynor and 
 Cooke, Wilkinson & Sons, Hameroft, Norwill & Sons, Spencer & Son, 
 Ward, Oxley, Wastenholn, Wilson and Davy ; crystal and plated ware 
 by Messrs. Samson and Davenport : fancy cuütlery by Mr. Round. 
 
 To conclude the enumeration of the contents of this COMmpartment I 
 must notice the pavilion containing specimens of the linen manufacture 
 of Ireland, the land so renowned for fine linen. This splendid exhibi- 
 tion, prepared by the Belfast Committee, includes everything that is pro- 
 duced by this flourishing branch of industry, fine woven fabrics, muslins, 
 laces, embroidered Jaconets, damasked stufis, and a number of fabrics, 
 the fineness of which is only surpassed by their whiteness and freshness, 
 
 Passing from the South to the North side of the nave, at its eastern 
 extremilies, we reach the Compartments occupied by F rance, and which 
 are similar to the foreign sections which we have just examined. Pro- 
 ceeding from the eastern to the western extremity of the Palace, we 
 first reach the large Court set apart for the exhibition of French print- 
 ing, and the bookbinding which forms its necessary adjunct. It con- 
 sists Of books of Natural History by Mr. Victor Masson ; architectural 
 Works with plans, by Mr. Daly; scientific works by Mr. Roret ; the 
 various productions of the printing offices of Messrs. Maison, Garnier 
 and Brothers, Delalain, Gillaumin, Amyot, Levrault, Firmin Didot, 
 Didier, Langlois, Dalmont and Mame de Tour, all well known firms ; 
 musical publications by Messrs. Schonenberger, Heugzel & Co » Derrie ; 
 
 / di & a 
 4 + de 2 : ne = 
 ii x “ 
 
 
 
PHCREETS re tete 
 EE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 superb bindings for books, in which gold, silver, wood, polished steel, 
 mother of pearl, and precious stones are employed either separately or 
 
 MR DES 
 
 together in the formation of arabesques, reliefs and artistic designs of all 
 kinds, for the ornamentation of the leather, the primary and principal 
 material which is treated with inconceivable taste and variety of 
 method ; these specimens are principally contributed by Messrs. 
 Lenègre, Curmer Belin, Leprieur and Lortie. We may also admire the 
 illustrated works by Mr. Claye; the different specimens of letter-press, 
 lithography and engraving, by Messrs. Furne, Bance, Dupont, Baillière ; 
 somme beautiful engravings by Messrs. Renouard & Co.; richly bound 
 llustrated works. by Mr. Lehuby; engravings by Mr. Louilleux ; 
 archaeological and monumental engravings by Mr. Silberman, of Stras- 
 bourg ; types by Messrs. Laurent and Deberry ; religious works by Mr. 
 Adrien Leclère. 
 
 RP 
 RE 
 
 — 
 nt 
 
 sara 
 — Et Er 
 D © + 
 
 % un RE ne + pi 
 F 2 TON 
 
 et tft tnt" 
 
 To complete this brilliant exhibition which illustrates in this compart- 
 ment the whole modern art of typography, we have only to examine the 
 collection presented by the Administration of the Imperial printing office 
 of Paris, the principal objects exhibited may be classed as follows : 1st. À 
 collection of punches, matrices, and French and foreign type ; 2nd. À series 
 of specimen sheets ; 9rd. Volumes from the oriental collection and others ; 
 4th. Applications of electricity to printing ; 5th. Different methods of book 
 binding; 6th. Models on a small scale of different apparatus for drying, 
 printing ; {th. Geological and geographical maps ; 8th. À book printed 
 with ornements in gold and colors, for the Exhibition. The two 
 latter classes merit special mention. In the beautiful geological charts of 
 France, we find a practical application of that admirable invention of the 
 Imperial printing office, aided by the Mining Administration of France, for 
 printing in colors. To color the geological chart by Messrs. Dufresnoy 
 
 and Elie de Beaumont, twenty-four successive impressions from as many 
 
 lithographie stones were required, nevertheless the most delicate outlines 
 and the most minute details have been preserved. The book, printed for 
 the Universal Exhibition, is the Imitation of Jesus Christ, this magnificent 
 volume in folio contains the Latin text, and the translation into verse by 
 Pierre Corneille ; nothing can excel the beauty of the type nor the elegance 
 of the ornamentation of this masterpiece of printing of the age, only 
 100 copies of this work have been printed, and the total expense is 
 calculated to be about £#10,000: a distribution of them has been made 
 among the principal libraries of France, the learned French and foreign 
 Societies and the principal European Courts. 
 
 The present Imperial printing office was founded by Louis XIIL. and 
 commenced operations in the Louvre in 1640. The Imitation of Jesus 
 Christ was the first great work printed there. This vast establishment em- 
 
 
 
245 
 
 — _—_— os 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ployes 94 hand presses, 14 steam presses, 20 lithographic presses, 1 press 
 
 for engravings, and two hydraulic presses for hot pressing, it employs 
 
 about 1,700,000 pounds of type. 
 
 The compartment adjoining the one we have just examined, contains 
 objects of art of different kinds such as, wax fruits, by Mr. Barrier, of 
 Meaux, articles of decoration by Messrs. Hardouin and Berrier and Son, 
 cculptors, artistic frames by Mr. Shierry, wax fruits by Mr. Louesse of 
 Paris, specimens of gilding by Mr. Souly, jr., among others a magnificent 
 frame for a glass, executed for Mehemet Ali, various kinds of sculpture for 
 churches by Messrs. Solon and Hugon of Roydor, among which we may 
 remark à Madonna by the former, and a [Votre Dame des Victoires by 
 Mr. Hugon ; Church ornaments in plaster by Mr. Haiïligental of Strasbourg, 
 leather ornaments and decorations, such as soffits, wainscotting, cornices, 
 &e., by Mr. Dulud, sculpture by Mr. Crosset, fancy articles of mother of 
 pearl, amongst others a splendid head ofthe Ecce Homo, by Mr. Courquin, 
 sculptures in carton pierre, among which may be remarked a Jesus preach- 
 ing on the mount, by Mr. Tirant, artificial flowers in shell-work by 
 Madame Rose of Toulon ; house ornaments by Messrs. Marck and Coutan ; 
 busts by Mr. Guetrot, statues and bas-reliefs, increased or reduced in de- 
 mensions from models by mathematical process, exhibited by the Société 
 des Arts Industriels de Paris ; specimens of house decorations in imitation 
 of porcelain by a process patented by Mr. Chaudé ; wood carving by Mr. 
 Planson ; carvings of different kinds, amongst others a superb crucifix in 
 ivory by Mr. Michaud ; antique engravings restored, and gildings by Mr. 
 Boucarut ; a medallion in carved wood representing the Holy women at the 
 foot cf the cross, ornamented with statuettes of the four Evangelists by 
 Mr. Siverler ; beautiful wood carvings from the house of Wirth of Switzer- 
 land, exhibited by the agency at Paris; mirrors and plate glasses by Mr. 
 Mercier, superb wax mouldings, the subjects taken from natural history, 
 by Mr. Stahl, moulder to the Museum of natural history ; bronzes and 
 plaster casts for religious purposes by Mr. Pillioud ; artistie mouldings, and 
 amongst others an Écce Homo, and Knights in single combat, by Mr. 
 Vincent ; plaster casts by Mr. Salvadore Marche ; in the midst of which, a 
 Madonna, Night by Pollet, Pradier”s Bacchanal and Leda, reduced 
 to one fourth their original size deserve attention ; miniature plaster casts ; 
 copies of the works of Mène and Caïn by Mr. Dufoilly ; alabasters by Mr. 
 Vullienne ; gildings by Mr. Dumond Peterelle ; a Guardian angel medal- 
 lion in wood by Mr. Victor Froyer; ivory carvings by Mr. Bland of Dieppe : 
 among which we may notice a magnificent Christ une fourth life size and 
 a Cup ornamented with sporting designs, an ivory Christ and a bas-relief 
 of the same subject by Mr. Wolf of Paris ; paper and leather beautifully 
 
 
 
246 
 
 EP 
 
 
 
 cut with scissors by the Countess de Dampierre ; specimens of electro-plate 
 by Mr. Beaure; heraldic engravings upon metal by Mr. Chevalier: 
 engraving in intaglio and in relief on fine stones by Mr. Brasseux ; archi- 
 tectural ornaments in Roman cement by Messrs. Rozet and Menisson of 
 Vitry-le-Francais; a superb box of carved ivory by Mr. Moreau; plaster 
 casts reduced and increased in size by the mathematical process by Mr. 
 
 Sauvage ; among others a reduction to one half and an enlargement by one 
 half of the Venus of Milo, a collection of fruits and vegetables in plaster by 
 Messrs. Lédion and Buchetet of Paris; specimens of monuments in full re- 
 lief, among them we may admire the model of the Cathedral of St. Jean des 
 Vignes at Soissons by Mr. Betheder of Soissons ; the astonishing produc- 
 tion of monuments in shell work by Mr. Hostin d’Etel in the Morbihan. 
 It is almost impossible to imagine, how this artist can reproduce in this 
 manner by the arrangement of sea-shells all the details even, to the statues 
 on the monuments,—as for example in his model of the splendid Cathedral 
 of Toul,—small statues less than one inch in height are formed in perfect 
 accordance with artistic principles, of more than twenty shells differing in 
 form and size. We shonld do wrong to believe that these works are mere 
 child’s play, nothing illustrates so strikingly as these works of art, the vast 
 Gothic lace work of the Cathedrals of the middle ages, which will continue 
 to be objects of admiration when many other objects will have disappeared, 
 for man does not live by bread alone, his understanding and mind require 
 other food, and failing this nourishment, the human race begins to degene- 
 rate, each stone detached from the palaces of Babylon and the temples of 
 Egypt witnessed another step taken by these nations towards the lower 
 regions of barbarism; when a people not only maintains its monuments, but 
 reproduces their beauty, it is an evidence that it is increasing in intellec- 
 tual vigor. 
 
 Let us go on to the next compartment, which is filled with articles com- 
 prised in that category which. Parisian industry has entitled Funtaisies. 
 We see fruitsin marble by Mr. Carette ; specimens of looking glasses by 
 Mr. Luce: alabasters by Mr. Everard; articles of iron in repoussé work 
 and particularly the shield representing the battle of Rosbec by Mr. Mer- 
 reille ; bas-reliefs in ivory by Mr. Catel d'Abbeville; wax fruits by Mr. 
 Montel of Toulouse, including 1300 varieties ; a Christ in wood and other 
 statuary by Mr. Faurre of Paris; articles in ivory by Mr. Morest, and 
 xbove all, his model in relief of Notre Dame de Paris and his Venus de 
 Medici, reduced to a proportion of one tenth ; ornamental furniture by Mr. 
 George ; fancy bronzes by Mr. Asse ; fancy fans by Mr. Camaret ; articles 
 in stone and malachite by Mr. Theret ; sculpture and fancy articles in wood 
 by Mr. Viardot; gilded bronzes by Mr, Garnier ; Scotch articles shewing 
 che different tartans on wood and leather by Mr. Gency; chased steel 
 
 
 
OLIS 
 
 247 
 
 ——— ——— me x 
 
 
 
 articles burnished or gilded, by Mr. Henry, among which may be seen a 
 superb hunting knife, travelling necessaries, porte-monnaies and other 
 fancy articles by Messrs. Magnet, Laurent, Henry, Schlose and Brothers, 
 Sormani, Felix, Aucoc, Tahan, Monneret, Berthet, Huet, Boguet, Kapp, 
 Gaillard, Vervelle, Muller, Triéfus, Péret, Stagmuller, Macé and Boul- 
 anger ; it is needless to remark that these artists are engaged in differ- 
 ent branches of manufactures, the raw material employed serving to dis- 
 tinguish them. The taste displayed in the fabrication of these articles 1s 
 no where more strongly manifested than in Paris, whence immense quanti- 
 ties of these articles are annually exported. 
 
 Let us continue our ramble through the same compartment. Here we 
 find liquor stands and oil cruets by Mr. Maréchal; portiolios by Mr. 
 Fenoux ; fancy caskets by Mr. Tabor ; fancy articles ornamented with 
 cameos, precious stones, enamels, mother of pearl, &c., by Mr. Lenos ; 
 novelties in earthenware and porcelain by Mr. Gellée and Brothers ; gilded 
 jewellery by Mr. Delecomte ; fancy articles in wood by Messrs. Beker and 
 Otto ; decorated and fancy furniture by Messrs. Coêbel and Martin. 
 
 To conclude the description of this extensive compartment let us say a 
 word about a Chinese Kiosqu», erected in the middle, and in which is a 
 number of toys, dolls and automata by Messrs. Voisin, Girout & Co., T'heroude, 
 Verdanaime and Bontems. The latter exhibited à small pavilion which 
 attracted immense attention at the New York Exhibition, and even here 
 was an object of great curiosity. This stall contained a tree, about which 
 flew, walked, drank, sang, and remained quiet by turns, automaton birds, 
 perfectly natural in appearance. We ought not to forget that the cele- 
 brated Vaucanson did not disdain to exercise his mechanical genius in 
 the construction of automata, and that by these means he succeeded in 
 resolving many great problems. 
 
 The next compartment contains a part of the magnificent collection of 
 French crystal and glassware, which is unequalled in the world, considered 
 either as works of art, or as a branch of manufacture. 
 
 Here we have watch and spectacle glasses and goblets, by Messrs. 
 Burgun, Berger, and Co. of Moselle ; superb engraving on glass by Mr. 
 Becker, of La Meurthe, among which we mayparticularly admirethe descent 
 from the cross by Rubens, the Madonna, after Raphael, and a bust of the 
 Emperor. ‘The collection of glass and crystal wares include specimens of 
 every branch of manufacture connected with them, vases, goblets, basins, 
 candelabra, of white, colored, gilded, cut, polished or unpolished glass, 
 in imitation of porcelain and enamels, ornamented with arabesques, and 
 figures sent from the glass manufactories of Valleresthal, Lyons, St. Louis 
 Baccarat, La Villette, Clichy, and Pantin, and by Messrs. Mougin and 
 Brothers, of Vosges. We may also notice the artificial flowers by Messrs. 
 
 
 
RSS ES à ha: déni 
 EE Mis" ad eo, sus 
 v 
 À 
 dés L r 
 È nn, Ê < 
 ET ot à 
 4 
 
 cs 
 
 
 
 
 
 Moussier and Boulland; the letters painted. in gold on glass by Mr. 
 Lambourg, of Saumur, a lion of life size attacked by a serpent; the whole 
 in glass deceives all the visitors. Visitors are continually in ecstasies af 
 the skilful manner in which these animals are stuffed, and can hardly be 
 brought to believe that the scales of the serpent, and the beautiful mane 
 of the lion are composed of glass. 
 
 We come now to the principal compartment of French gold and silver- 
 siniths’ work, in which gold and silver glitter in every shape and form. 
 We admire successively, the contributions by Mr. Grichois, called inter- 
 crystal plate, these consist of arabesques, or other designs in gold or silver 
 enclosed in the middle of transparent glass ornaments; the exhibition of 
 vases and other ornaments for religious purposes, by Mr. Thierry; arti- 
 cles of jewellery, of gold and brilliants, for religiou$# purposes by Mr. 
 Gerbaud, Jr.; articles by Mr. Poussielgue Rusand, particularly a Gothic 
 ostensory ; others by Mr. Delani, all of silver, among which we may 
 remark a cup representing a river and other fresh water subjects; gold 
 ewers, and basins, and other objects, by Mr. Charpentier; the beautiful 
 collection by Messrs. Favier and Neveu, of Lyons, among which we may 
 particularly remark, six ostensories of large dimensions, a golden ciborium 
 with medallions in Sevres porcelain, and garnished with brilliants, and a 
 patena ornamented with a bas-relief representing Jesus Christ rising from 
 the tomb ; gold plate by Messrs. Cosson, Corby, Thouret, Baleine and Son ; 
 silver plate by Mr. Delajuveny ; gold plate inlaid with ornamentsin ivory, 
 &e., by Messrs. Veyrat and Rudolphi; magnificent articles by Mr. Casse, 
 among others, a medallion shield 30 inches in diameter, with hunting 
 subjects, the top of the shield is formed of a statuette of a huntsman 
 winding the horn, and hoïding six beautiful greyhounds in a leash, sylvan 
 ornaments decorate the perimeter, and surround three medallions contain- 
 ing bas-reliefs, representing wolf, boar, and stag hunts at the moment of 
 the death. 
 
 We observe the plate exhibited by Mr. Callot ; specimens of plate for 
 religious purposes, by Triouellier, and particularly an ostensory of colossal 
 dimensions for the permanent exhibition of the Sacrament. This large 
 work is about four feet in height, the rays of the glory extend two feet, 
 the pedestal is adorned with statues of the four evangelists, the base 1ïs 
 composed of a sheaf of wheat surrounded with statues of the three divine 
 virtues, the base of the rays of glory is surrounded with a vine, statues of 
 angels and with clouds ; the statues of the evangelists, and of the divine 
 virtues, and the clouds are composed of silver, the rest of the piece is of 
 gold. 
 
 Let us in conclusion admire the bronzes for church decoration by Messrs. 
 Jansse, Hébert and Bachelet ; and the mouldings for gold and silver plate 
 
 
 
249 
 
 oo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 by Messrs. Henry Hayet, Leonard and Guayton. Among the articles 
 exhibited by Mr. Guayton, we may remark a calvary, after Justin, and a 
 vase representing a subject from Dante’s Inferno ; the handles, periphery, 
 and base of the vase are adorned with figures of the damned, interspersed 
 with numerous serpents ; upon the top is a group representing Dante and 
 Virgil his guide. 
 
 We now enter the porcelain saloon, not the one containing the Sevres por- 
 celain however, but the one dedicated to the contributions of different French 
 makers; we notice bright colored china services by Messrs. Mansard and 
 Son ; fancy articles, statuettes, animals, &c., by Messrs. Capoy and Brothers ; 
 vases and candelabra by Messrs. Laroche and Pannier; specimens by Mr. 
 Jacob Petit, especially two statues, three-quarter size, of two young gar- 
 deners, male and female ; delicate articles by Mr. de Battigues, among 
 others a large vase, with paintings representing the emblems of music : 
 the handles being formed of small figures of cupid ; services, vases and other 
 articles by Messrs. Macé, Ernie and Condrec, Taimours and Honore: 
 statues and statuettes by Fleury, among the rest a Virgin of the size of 
 life; imitations of antiques and of Chinese and Hindoo vases by Mr. 
 Mayer ; Chinese porcelains by Finet ; porcelains by Mr. Lerosey, among 
 others a magnificent dessert service, called the Pompadour service, and three 
 medallion portraits, of Napoleon I, Napoleon II and the Empress 
 Eugenie ; crystaland porcelain ware by Messrs. Jouhanneau and Dubois, 
 particularly two beautiful renaissance vases of biscuit, with bas-reliefs 
 of the feasts of Bacchus ; Mr. Boyer’s collection, among which, deserving 
 of special notice, are three glass basins with hunting subjects painted 
 on them, one representing a stag hunt, another a wolf hunt, and the 
 third a bear hunt ; and lastly, articles by Mr. Gille, junior, in the midst of 
 which we particularly remark a quail fight, and among the groups in 
 biscuit ware, an Zimmaculate Conception of life size, and a charming group, 
 half life size, called Penitence ;: an unfortunate fille perdue half conceal- 
 ed by her flowing tresses, at the feet of a religieuse who is in the act of 
 presenting the cross to her, the contrition of the guilty one and the con- 
 fiding charity of the good Nun are admirably rendered. 
 
 The next three compartments, which communicate one with the other, 
 are devoted to the exhibition of French bronzes, a most extensive manu- 
 facture, of which Paris is specially the centre of production, and the 
 whole world the market. The French exhibitors in this class are very 
 numerous, and among the contributions of each one are objects deserving 
 of admiration, which we cannot possibly remark in detail; we may, how- 
 ever, stop to admire the works which more particularly strike us, among 
 them, the statuette of a young negress going to the fountain, by Mr. Dau- 
 brec, two charming groups, forming a pair, by Mr. Lachesne of Caën. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 EE 
 
 SR RE 
 
 
 
 ane re er ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Css 
 
 en der —— --. - yum NS STONE NET D hd enes 2e M 1 de le rm _ uen. 2" — 
 
 + ms 
 
 Es . — —————— ————— Le anne ve orne TRE + D DE DE OR 
 
 
 
 In the first of these groups a coiled serpent is in the act of threatening a 
 child half lying on the ground, protected by a faithful dog; the mixture of 
 hope and fear on the part of the child, the resolution of the dog who is 
 covering the child with its body, the hesitation and malice of the serpent 
 are admirably depicted ; the other group represents the dog panting but 
 victorious, the body of the serpent stretched out and the head parted from 
 the body lying at some distance, the child in his transports of gratitude 
 holds the dog in his embrace, his beautiful little head intermingles the 
 tresses of his lovely hair with the silky locks of the noble animal ; the 
 effect of these groups is really enchanting, innocence and devotion are 
 triumphant. In the contemplation of such objects as these, we recognize 
 the civilizing influence of the arts. 
 
 Next we have an exhibition by numerous contributors, of vases, candela- 
 bra, clocks, statuettes, mantle ornaments, &c., in bronze, plain, gilded, and 
 galvanized zinc. Let us proceed to consider the finest spe - 
 cimens of art; the shield with the battle of Brenneville, twelfth century, 
 represented in relief, by Mr. Brignier, engraver; two bathers, one-third 
 life size, by Mr. Paillard ; a man at-arms sounding the traumpet, by Mr. 
 Charpentier ; two groups by Mr. Labrone, one representing a good old 
 Monk giving his crucifix to be kissed by two sweet little angels of chil- 
 dren, the other Heloïsa and Abelard, at the moment when the recluse of 
 the Paraclet exhorts his unhappy friend to think of Heavenly things, saying 
 
 colored, and in 
 
 to her, So do, that having been separated here upon earth we may be united forever 
 hereafter ; a Grenadier of the Guard, a Zouave and a Scotch Highlander, 
 by Mr. Miroy; Venus after Pradier, by Messrs. Duplex and Salles ; 
 a dancing girl, small gilded bronze, by Mr. Leblanc; à bust of Dante, 
 by Mr. Thiébault; a snake on a leaf in electro plate, by Mr. Feuquières ; 
 statue of a young fisherman harnessing a tortoise, by Mr. Durand; a work 
 table of bronze and porcelain, and the marriage jewel case of Marie An- 
 lomette, by Mr. Kreisser; the Bacchanal, after Clodeon, Atalanta lacing 
 the buskin, after Pradier, the sorcerer riding on à dragon, giving notice 
 of the sabbath, after Faillot, cast by Messrs. Moris, Son, & Co.; to which 
 must be added a boar hunt ; in thislatter group the artist has given a life 
 like appearance to the course of the dogs, they being only fixed at the 
 point of contact with the animals they press upon; electro plated medal- 
 lions, by Mr. Lefeure ; these medallions sell at the low price of from three 
 shillings to two pounds ten shillings; lanterns for gas by Mr. George ; 
 bronzes for churches, by Messrs Foëx & Co.; the nymph in the cradle, 
 sculptured by Mr. Moreau and cast by Messrs. Miroy and brothers. Alma 
 reposing, sculptured by Mr. Poitevin and cast by Mr. Bay, the finish of 
 this piece is remarkably fine, the dancer has thrown away a part of her 
 garment in order to cool herself, her castanets lie on the ground by 
 
 
 
 
 
ee ee 
 
 291 
 
 
 
 
 
 her side, she seems fatigued, this dark daughter of the east, and the languid 
 postures which her lassitude causes her to assume, are still more graceful 
 than those of her irregular dance. 
 
 À good number of these works of art are in galvanized zine, on which 
 account the price of the article may be much reduced without any effect upon 
 the artistic merit or the lasting capacity of the objects ; for example, the 
 group of The Sorcerer proclaiming the Sabbath is to be had for £45 ; if it 
 were bronze the price would be £250. The Nymph in the Cradle may be 
 had for £27 10s.; were it of pure bronze the price would be £75 ; and 
 Alma reposing, sold for £100, would be worth £500. 
 
 We shall conclude this sketch of the circuit of the nave by a remark 
 upon the process of covering with a coat of pure copper, wood, iron 
 castings, zinc., &ec., by Mr. Oudry, of Paris. By this process Mr. Oudry 
 covers with a layer ofcopper more or less thick, without rivet or sawder, S0 
 that it adheres perfectly to any object whatsoever, from a naïl or a piece 
 of wire to a canal lock gate or the bottom of a ship. It is needless to say 
 that this result is ca by electricity; the specimens exbibited are 
 very beautiful, a wooden plank is covered on one side with a coat about 
 one millimetre in thickness. No means other than the process are adopted 
 and the union is perfect. 
 
 
 
 V. 
 
 UNDER THE GALLERIES, FIRST AVENUE. 
 
 We are now about to examine the articles exposed on both sides of the 
 avenue which extends around the nave immediately beneath the galleries. 
 Starting from the north side of the building we cross over to the south- 
 western extremity of the Palace, and notice in passing the linen and 
 cotton fabrics of French manufacture, by Mr. Schlumberger, of the 
 Department of the Upper Rhine ; the stuffed work by Mr. LÉ. of Paris, 
 particularly a swan and a subis boar’s head. Then diverging a little to 
 the right we see the articles exhibited in the west TANT namely, vases» 
 ornaments, and other ar ticles in glass and crystal, by Mr. Stein of 
 Bavaria; lattices, iron chairs se metal bird cages, by Mr. Lebouc, of 
 France ; beautiful vencered flooring, by Mr. Wierth, of Wurtemburg 
 iron garden furniture, by Mr. Tessier, of France; and wire bird cages, by 
 
 Mr. Clairin, of Versailles. 
 
 
 

 
 A, 
 2 2, pe ue 
 
 252 
 
 A ———_———— mme nt es 
 mm — — 
 
 
 
 
 
 Leaving the vestibale and crossing to the south, we inspect the exhibi- 
 tion of cutlery, by Mr. Dittmar, of Wurtemburg; thimbles of gold and 
 silver and inlaid with hard stone, by Mr. Gabler, of Wurtembure ; a 
 miniature plan in relief of Jerusalem, by Mr. Louis Erbe, also of Wurtem- 
 
 burg; linen and cotton fabrics, by Messrs. Stauss and Leushne:, of 
 
 Saxony. 
 
 Following the left hand, we traverse the long avenue which crosses the 
 Palace from west to east, and on the two sides we have clocks in wooden 
 cases, from the Black Forest, in the Duchy of Baden; a very extensive 
 collection of cutlery, by Mr. Holler, of Prussia ; axes, cutting tools and 
 saws of all kinds, by Mr. Linderberg and Brothers, of Prussia, especially 
 a circular saw five feet in diameter ; buttons, snuff boxes and'mantel orna- 
 ments in metal, by Mr. Greef. cf Prussia ; cornices, door handles, &c., for 
 house decoration, in stamped copper, by Messrs. Kulhmann Brothers, 
 Adamy, Schmole and Schmidt Brothers ; linen fabrics of various quali- 
 ties, by Count Harrach, Messrs. Kufferle & Company, Groer Brothers, 
 Oberleither, Folser, Walter & Hruska, of Austria: linen and hempen 
 thread, from the spinning mills of Wiesenberg, in Moravia, Austria ; table 
 cloths, by Mr. Schneider, of Austria; mats, cords, &c., of linen and 
 hempen thread, deserving particular notice, by Mr. Haussman, of Austria : 
 flax and hemp from the Central Society of Austria, whose sales amount 
 to about 200,000 livres per annum ; cloths and flannels, by Messrs. Rhal- 
 erbeck, Gerard Dubois and Deheselle, of Belgium; carded and spun 
 wool, by Mr. Xoffray, of Belgium ; linen thread, by Messrs. Oldenhove, 
 Vandelbucke, and the ateliers de charité of Gand, in Belgium; four 
 chairs, by Messrs. Eliers & Blake, of Boston, United States; French pro- 
 ductions in India rubber, amongst others some very pretty shawls and a 
 preparation for sheathing ships. 
 
 We now pass in front of the middle aisle, which leads to the passage to 
 the Panorama. This little avenue contains specimens of that ornamental 
 Parisian cabinet ware, the articles of which present an incrédible richness 
 Of appearance, being manufactured of the most precious woods, adorned 
 with gilding or arabesques or with statues and bas-reliefs of bronze or 
 gilded copper. The objects here exhibited are from the factories of 
 
 iessrs. Wasmus Brothers, Schnidler, Muller, Gros, Jeanselme, Marcelin, 
 Roux, Charmois and Huret. 
 
 Re-entering the avenue which we left for a short time, we see printed 
 cottons from Manchester, United States, pretty boots and shoes for 
 ladies, by Mr. Shaw, of New York : table cutlery, by Mr. Garside, of 
 New Jersey ; white and colored cottons, from the Amoskeag Company 
 of New Hampshire, and the productions of the Hamilton Woollen Com- 
 pany of Massachusetts. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
253 
 
 ami 
 —————— 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 or 
 
 Next we have on each side of the avenue, pavilions set apart for the 
 manufacturers of England and Scotland, more particularly of London, 
 Aberdeen and Glaszow ; woollen cloths and fabries, by Messrs. Wrighley, 
 Crombie, Huddersfield, Clay, Day & Son, McFarlane and Cross ; mousse- 
 line de laines, alpacas, light stuffs, and other fabrics, by Messrs. Sugden, 
 Titus, Salt & Son, Blake & Company, Boyd, Grum, Gourlie & Son, Auld 
 & Buchanan, and Hamel; coarse woollen fabrics and carpets, by Mr. 
 Hadden ; watered fabrics, by Messrs. Walter Milligan & Son; shawls and 
 handkerchiefs of silk and wool, by Messrs. Evans & Co., Swaisland, 
 Backer, Tuckers & Co., Wingate & Son, Walford, Fairer & Harrison ; 
 diapered and plain fabrics, by Messrs. Somerville, Dallas ; carpets, by Mr. 
 Templeton ; hatter’s work, by Mr. Blair; sewing cotton, by Mr, Clarke ; 
 strong diapered fabrics, by Messrs. Scales & Herbert ; brushes, mats and 
 
 cordage of cocoanut fibre, by Messrs. Widley & Co.; a fine collection of 
 sail cloth, by Messrs. Baxter, Brothers & Co., of Dundee ; specimers of 
 
 linen thread, by Messrs. Dangan & Co., of Dublin. 
 
 Crossing from the south side of the palace to its eastern extremity, we 
 have on the right a collection of fishing utensils and apparatus used in 
 Ireland. We see immense hand nets and miniature models of the slopes 
 used to serve as passages for fish. Some of these are constr ucted with 
 steps so as to enable the fish to ascend streams notwithstanding the erection 
 of dams or other impediments for the creation of motive power, manu- 
 facturing or industrial purposes. Employers of water powers in Canada 
 ought to be compelled to take similar precautions, costing as they do 
 almost nothing, especially on the streams flowing into the lower part of 
 the St. Lawrence which salmon generally ascend. The small tanks be- 
 longing to these models are filled with water supplied by a fountain in 
 the palace, and contain small fish which are furnished by Mr. Mallet of 
 Paris, Professor of Pisciculture, who rears pike, carp, eels, &c., as other 
 people do puppies. He also exhibits bottles containing the spawn of these 
 different fish, and points out to us those which are good and those which 
 are clear. 
 
 Leaving this interesting quarter, having cast a glance upon a curious 
 primitive canoe of leather and basket work called a Coracle, used in ancient 
 times by the inhabitants of Gaul and Ireland, and comparing this wretched 
 
 specimen of navigation and the pretty bark canoe of our Canadian Indians, 
 
 we then enter the avenue on the French side. Here are specimensof basket 
 
 work, wooden hats, baskets, boxes, vases of basket-work, by Messrs, Am- 
 beroy, Mutet, Desiugues, Renardin, Pierson, Tordeux, Derk, and Barbotte, 
 elegant feather brooms in all Han by ns Loddé, Hénoc and Lhuil- 
 leur ; hair jewellery by Mr. onnions specimens of brushes, clothes brushes, 
 tooth brushes, scrubbing brushes, &c., by at least 20 makers in different 
 
 hi 
 
 RS — 7 
 
 D 
 
 CR..." —- 
 ra 
 
 
 

 
 254 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | parts of France ; mountings for fans from the factories of St. Geneviève, 
 | Oise ; artists’ brushes, by Messrs, Mariette, Saunier, and Mesdames Fil- 
 fl lion and Fontana of Paris, a large collection of p'pes, snuff boxes, tobacco 
 pouches and other articles of tobacconists’ ware, by several exhibitors ; 
 statuettes 2ncassables by Messrs. Delattre & Co. ; two beautiful calvaries 
 in ivory, one by Mr. Desnoyel, of l’Oise, and the other by Mr. Sacépée of 
 Dieppe ; cheap wooden and horn combs by Mr. Corneil of l’Ariége; a 
 number of fancy articles, and playthings comprised under the head of 
 Parisian articles ; rosaries, by Mr. Fillot, of Jura; gold and silver gilt 
 | papers and burnishing stones, by Mr. Dufour of Paris : beautiful book bind- 
 | ings by Messrs, Cerf and Nakara, of Bordeaux, among them a baptismal 
 gift covered with green velvet, sprinkled with golden bees, and surmounted 
 With a charming statuette of a child in a cradle. 
 
 À row of compartments contains magnificent specimens of ivory carv- 
 4 | ing, for which the town of Dieppe has attained so high a reputation : in 
 1 this beautiful collection the following exhibitors have distinguished them- 
 
 | selves; Mr. Lafort, by an ivory cover for a Roman Missal: Mr. Poisson, 
 1147 by a gothic chapel for an oratory ; Mr. Correau, by a statue of the Holy 
 14! Virgin in a gothic niche; Mr. Vangorp, by a beautiful Christ; Mr. Bel- 
 
 =: az 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 rar ener-pe 
 
 —. —- 
 en EEE DE 
 
 
 
 | hoste by a powder horn, with bas-reliefs, representing the hunting goddess 
 , | Diana ; Mr. Garnot by an Ecce Homo ot great beauty, cne fourth life 
 size. 
 We next come to a collection of parasols, walking canes, and whips of 
 all kinds, tastefully and richly ornamented with ivory, metals, precious 
 }) stonés, &c.; next we have dolls and children’s toys, by more than a dozen 
 4 exhibitors; umbrellas by Mr. Callier ; beautiful fans adorned with draw- 
 11141 ings, and feathers, with mountings of gold, IVOry or precious woods, 
 also common fans sold at 214. a piece ; specimens of leather by Mr. Jos- 
 selin ; scabbards for swords, and sabres, and sheaths for hunting knives, 
 stained ivories and stamped leather by Mr. Obré ; masks and dominoes in 
 great variety by Mr. Cochet; vases and services of the Algerian cactus 
 pattern, mounted in silver by Mr. Toussaint : plate by several firms in 
 Paris and the Departments. 
 
 We may particularly notice the historical armor, objects of art and 
 classical jewellery, by Mr. G ‘anger, furnisher to the opera ; we notice in his 
 L collection à splendid antique cuirass, of beautiful workmanship in gilded 
 1 copper, an Imperial Crown of gilded copper, and a knight’s complete 
 | suit of armor, in the Italian style. 
 
 We now arrive at the porch at the grand entrance to the Palace ; in 
 À passing we notice numerous vases, Statues and other objects, in porcelain, 
 au | French sandstone, common carthenware, and terra cotta : among these we 
 
 FER | observe a door in the Byzantine style, adorned with statues of half life size, 
 
 
 
a at de mt me ue 
 
 255 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 RE nnes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 rm 
 
 
 
 2 A 
 
 
 
 and a Virgin in the monumental style from the factories of Messrs. Vire- 
 bertz Brothers of Toulouse, a Polyhymnia after the antique, a colossal 
 statue a Leda, life size, a boar hunt, and a specimen of the application of 
 terra cotta to the external decoration of houses, these articles are exhibited 
 by Mr. Jarnant, Junior, of Paris. 
 
 Re-entering the grand lateral avenue, We arrive at the extensive collec- 
 tion of French boots and shoes, which comprises every description of foot 
 gear, of every imaginable material, even of wood ; it is needless to speak 
 of the richness and elegance of a part of these articles, nor of the excessive 
 cheapness of the other part. This collection contains contributions from 
 more than forty makers, chiefly Parisian. Visitors remark particularly 
 the historical collection by Mr. Pillot, particularly the brodkins and the 
 antique cothurnes, the foot gear of the middle ages, and the boots of the 
 mousquetaire. 
 
 Next we have a beautiful collection of fans by many contributors ; 
 buttons of gold, silver, copper, iron, wood, shell, mother of pearl, silk, and 
 what not, exhibited by a score of contributors ; coquettish looking garters 
 by Mr. Jourdain ; clasps of all kinds, studs, and shirt buttons, and other 
 fancy articles by Messrs. Dandé, Chambellau, and Hesse, Jr. 
 
 Bronze manufactures comprise S0 wide a range, that notwithstanding 
 allthe specimens we have already enumerated, here again we have tubes, 
 walking sticks, fire guards, and screens, all manufactured of bronze by 
 Mr. Pierou, of Paris ; lamps and chimneÿ ornaments, and other articles of 
 bronze and copper gilt by Messrs. >ivard, Becquet, Gousse, Renardeux, 
 and Lehuitel ; galvanized artificial flowers by Mr. Gervaisot, specimens of 
 gilding and varnishing in imitation of gold by Mr. Lauglasse. 
 
 Arriving at the end of this avenue on the French side, we notice the 
 various fabries in wool, silk and india rubber, applied to the manufacture 
 of boots and shoes, by Mr. Jacquemin Gaudant. Beautiful felt for clothing 
 purposes, and for carpets from the manufactory of Choisy le Roi ; and the 
 variety of fabrics in carded wool by Mr. Pin Bayart, of Roubaix. 
 
 The exhibition of these two branches of woollen manufacture, fells and 
 fubrics of carded wool is very interesting, On account of the great beauty 
 of the specimens on view. 
 
 
 

 
 D. mere men + dément. RES 
 
 et Laine 
 
 Res. ne 
 
 VI. 
 
 UNDER THE GALLERIES—NEAR THE WALL. 
 
 We now proceed to the inspection of the first Compartment under the 
 galleries. Here are placed those articles, the exhibition of which occupies 
 a large space, on account of the large number of exhibitors in each class, 
 and which do not possess the same degree of interest as articles in the 
 other parts of the Palace, which we have visited, nor as those placed in the 
 upper galleries and in the panorama. 
 
 We begin with the French department, which commences at the 
 Western extremity of the Palace, and shall continue our ramble from 
 north to south, then from east to west, returning to our starting point. 
 
 Here we have splendid carpets by Mr. Desbischops Grau, from the 
 Department dû Nord ; a collection of cloths, stuffs, and fabrics in wool, 
 Cotton, and linen, contributed by about fifty exhibitors from different parts 
 Of France ; hair cloths and fabrics, plain, colored and mixed With silk, 
 hats, shoes, crinolines, &c., by several exhibitors ; hair and silk fabrics for 
 furniture coverings by Mr. Joliet, of Paris ; à Vast collection of hempen 
 manufactures by about twenty exhibitors from the Departments, a large 
 collection of counterpanes in linen, cotton, and silk, among which we 
 observe the fine linen Gounterpanes shewn by Mr. Buffault, those of cotton 
 by Mr. Albinet, and those of silk by Mr. Guyon ; also calico counterpanes 
 by Madame Lacroix, of Les Alpes ; serges and flannels by more than ten 
 exhibitors ; hangings and Carpets, particularly those by Messrs. Labouriau 
 and Trapet; clothing by Mr. Parissot, from his establishment in Paris, 
 called La belle jardinière, 
 
 Passing to the foreign side, opposite the French, we enter the Wurtem- 
 burg Department. Here we have carpenters” tools by Mr. Bolsterli ; 
 iron utensils, fancy articles, and glass ware by numerous exhibitors 5 #4 
 fine silver church lamp in the Gothic Style by Mr. Bruchmann : iron and 
 wooden furniture, particularly a toilet bureau of cedar in very good taste : 
 pianoes, clocks, specimens of printing and binding, various cloths and 
 fabrics, hats, &c. ; paper hangings by Mr. Veiel, and beautiful stuffed birds 
 &c., by Tièdemann, among which we admire an owl attacked by two weasels. 
 
 We next come to the compartment of Bavaria, which contains jewellery, 
 and ornamented arms, stained glass, glass ware, and a collection of 
 toys, a fine assortment of musical instruments and wood for violins, a fine 
 
257 
 
 ee rte, 
 
 collection of articles in wax and plaster, articles for religious purposes, 
 anatomical preparations, &c., colored and gilt papers, fancy articles in 
 horn, ivory and metal; hose for fire engines ; marquetterie work by Mr. 
 Hartman, of Munich; fine files by Mr. Gruber: tools, horse shoes and 
 other articles in metal ; beautiful wire cloths by Mr. Kalteneker, of Munich 
 leather trunks, a collection of pencils, a variety of cloths and fabrics ; and 
 lastly, some concave mirrors by Mr. Kalb. 
 
 Saxony comes next to Bavaria, and exhibits a variety of linen and 
 cotton fabrics, embroidery, and printing on cloth; a fine collection of 
 shawls by Messrs. Ambroun and Schneiber ; specimens of xilography, 
 specimens of bookbinding and printing, very fine carpets, articles of 
 clothing; beautiful boas, muils, and tippets of feathers and down by Mr. 
 Pattermann. 
 
 After Saxony we have the Duchy of Oldenbourg, which presents a 
 pyramid of fine stearine candles ; cameos, and other precious stones, and 
 a collection of cloths and other fabrics. 
 
 Hanover is distinguished by its fine collection of linens and hemp fabrics 
 of every variety, hunting weapons, a collection of toys and fancy articles, 
 clocks, metallic articles, among others a bronze statute of the King of 
 Hanover. 
 
 Brandeburg and S$ilesia exhibit a beautiful and numerous assortment 
 of cloths and linens. 
 
 Luxembourg exhibits a collection of cloths ; cotton fabrics called tiger 
 skins, which sell at from dd. to 74d. a yard,if we are to believe the 
 affiche; gloves, bonnets, lace, and clothing, paper hangings, tobacco, 
 slates, and a large cabinet of bronzed wood, ornamented with statues 
 and flowers cast in metal. Ît is certainly not distinguished for good taste. 
 
 Next comes a part of the compartment of Prussia and the other German 
 States not specially referred to. The various objects which present them- 
 selves are, a large collection of different wove fabrics, beautiful and good 
 pianos, beautiful little landscapes and other designs in hair, very beautiful of 
 the kind, by Seel ; tapestry work, furniture, leather prepared for use in the 
 manufacture of pianos, wood and cork carvings, the latter remarkable for 
 their delicacy ; frames of gilt wood, specimens of photography, walking 
 sticks, whips and other fancy articles ; a collection of buttons and studs ; 
 also of boots and shoes and other articles of clothing ; a table of gilt wood, 
 the top of which is covered with a cloth composed of silk and pearls, and 
 bearing escutcheons which contain the following singular collection of 
 portraits : N apoleon I, Peter the Great, Washington, Frederick IT, Voltaire, 
 Shakespeare, Goëthe, and Schiller. We also have iu this section a collec- 
 tion of toys and fancy articles; stoves ; several fire proof safes of beautiful 
 workmanship and tasteful design; a collection of plushes of different 
 
 R 
 
 
 

 
 | 
 4, 
 7 
 
 he = 
 
 
 
 qq —_——__—_— 
 
 colors, and cloths of great beauty, from Aix la Chapelle: lastly, a large 
 collection of manufactures in metal, instruments, utensils, and tools : 
 articles used in saddlery, and bronzes, among which we observe a Christ, 
 one-third life size; a fine group representing the baptism of Clorinda by 
 Tancred : the warrior is in the act of pouring water from his helmet upon 
 the forehead of the infidel ; the base bears the inscription from Jerusalem 
 Delivered: Zo vado in pace. 
 
 In the middle of the exhibition from the Zollverein States, we observe 
 a collection of mineral waters, worsted and silk embroideries, clocks, mu- 
 sical instruments and beautiful wire cloths from the Duchy of Baden. 
 
 We enter the Austrian section. Austria is one of those countries which 
 displays the greatest amount of that artistic taste in the finish of articles, 
 which gives an increased value to the object. Hence we have a collection 
 of engravings and articles belonging to the printing, book and stationery 
 trade, a collection of hardware, secretaries, work-boxes, &c., colored 
 papers, gold and silver gilt for book-binding, pasteboard models of Venice, 
 a trophy composed of canes, pipe stems, &c., playing cards in exquisite 
 taste and of brilliant colors, beautiful little designs in marquetterie work, 
 specimens of photography; iron bedsteads, by Mr. Schéder, who has succeed- 
 ed in removing the appearance of discomfort presented by iron furniture 
 generally ; a collection of fire proof safes, a large collection of tools of all 
 kinds, toys, small carvings in wood, a large collection of meerschaum 
 pipes, the finest in the building ; among them are immense pipes, on 
 which groups of figures are carved ; one represents In bas-relief the taking 
 of Missolongui by the Grecks, the figures are about two inches in height, 
 and there'are more than twenty about the bowl of the pipe ; fancy articles 
 of all kinds, a collection of umbrellas, accordeons, a numerous and varied 
 collection of woollen thread, among them the fine wool used for cash- 
 meres; fine cloths from Lombardy, and a large pavilion filled with cloths, 
 alpacas, shawls and woollen fabrics, by Mr. Liebig ; a large collection of 
 pearl buttons, spectacles, fine engravings, leather trunks, and portman- 
 teaux, carvings, frames, and ornaments in carton-pierre, a vast collection 
 of cloth from Austrian Italy, and other parts of the Empire, among which 
 we particularly observe the white and colored cloths by Messrs. Moro, of 
 Carenthia, and Blaschke of Moravia ; basket work, a collection of hair 
 
 ‘cloths, coarse fabrics and plushes, carpets, marquetterie work and furni. 
 
 ture, among which we admire a beautiful cabinet of black walnut and 
 rose wood, simple and elegant in style, from the manufactory of Mr. 
 
 Oggionti of Venice, 
 
 This long catalogue ofarticles, which may, indeed, appear tedious, cannot, 
 however, fail to be useful to my Canadian readers. In a rising country, 
 to which but few travellers turn their attention, and in which the means 
 
 ? è 
 
 
 
 
 
259 
 
 mme 
 
 _— D  — — = ve 
 
 
 
 
 
 of diffusing information are still limited, the mere statement of the dif- 
 ferent branches of human industry is of itself calculated to originate 
 many useful projects ; besides, it is interesting to be made aware of the 
 parts taken in the arts by the people of different nations. 
 
 Let us continue our journey through the numerous compartments 
 ranged along the walls of the Palace of Industry. We had reached the 
 Belgian Court, on the foreign side. This Kingdom, the exhibition from 
 which is so remarkable, presents in this portion of the space she occupies, 
 specimens of horse hair fabrics, woollen cloths and stuffs, counterpanes 
 of all kinds, linen fabrics, specimens of thread, sail cloth, and a collection 
 of table linen ; among the latter a beautiful table cloth, the designs on 
 which represent a hawking scene in the days of chivalry; a large collec- 
 tion of pottery, tiles, bricks, draining tiles, and large melting pots for 
 zinc ; a large floor in marquetterie work, twenty feet square, exhibited by 
 Messrs. Dekeyn & Brothers, of Brussels. In the exhibition of marquet- 
 terie work, we have wood sawn into very thin planks, from the knot of an 
 oak, which gives it a beautiful spotted appearance : this is a further proof 
 of the care taken in Europe in the search of that description of timber 
 which abounds in our forests, and which we altogether neglect in Canada. 
 Among the furniture exhibited, we observe a fine large cabinet by Mr. 
 Vanderbrande of Malines ; next we have in the Belgian exhibition a col- 
 lection of drawing tools, beautiful hempen cordage, and a cable three- 
 fourths of an inch in circumference and fifty fathoms in length, of brass 
 wire twisted in strands; a large collection of zine, iron, wire, metal 
 utensils, tools, naïls, fire proof safes, iron in broad sheets almost as fine as 
 shcets of paper, ornaments in cast iron of great lightness, a superb bronze 
 vase for the garden. 
 
 We enter the United States’ section. Here we have a large collection 
 of articles of clothing and safety apparatus, and a variety of utensils in 
 flexible and hardened India rubber. The greater part of these articles 
 are of French manufacture. This collection contains a beautiful Ameri- 
 can map of the United States, on India rubber. If the printing upon 
 such a substance be indelible, it may be fancied of what utility to the 
 mariner this application might become. 
 
 We now reach the English compartments, which contain a vast collec- 
 tion of the following articles: Articles of cast and polished iron, among 
 others lattices, stoves and mantel pieces; articles of papier maché, such 
 as work-tables, portfolios, &c.; harness mountings, in iron, copper and 
 other materials ; large common carpets, cloths, alpacas, tartans, shawls, 
 muslins and other woollen fabrics, silk thread, hair cloths, a large collec- 
 tion of buttons, a large assortment of locks, &c.; numerous specimens of 
 needles, pins, and other small articles of that kind ; wrought iron uten- 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 260 
 
 _——— rt 
 
 
 
 sils, a fine large iron lattice of great lightness and in excellent taste ; large 
 and small articles of pottery, among which we observe a jar ten feet in 
 height by five feet in diameter ; church clocks, mixed fabrics of linen and 
 cotton, silk and cotton, carpets, hangings, various light fabrics, fowling 
 pieces and harpoon guns for whale fishing, specimens of wire, a collection 
 of lamps, tiles, bottles and articles of general use ; a billiard table, articles 
 of furniture, particularly a large couch of citron wood, maple and rose 
 wood, by Messrs. Trollop & Son; a collection of porcelain, among which 
 are some works of art in biscuit, among others The Death of Abel, by 
 Messrs. Minton & Co.; a Moses taken out of the Waters, and Titania, by 
 Mr. Wedgewood ; a large collection of shawls and other fabrics ; a large 
 collection of tools, cutlery, hardware, steelware ; a large circular saw, six 
 feet in diameter. 
 
 Next we have, still in the English Department, the following articles : car- 
 pets, a large collection of cotton fabrics, unbleached cotton, ticking, 
 fustians, velvets, cotton sheeting, furniture stuffs, braid, in fact every 
 description of cotton manufacture, particularly some beautiful cotton 
 counterpanes stamped and embroïidered, exhibited by the Manchester Com- 
 mittee ; shawls, plaids, horse clothing, counterpanes, flannels and other 
 woollen fabrics, sail and packing cloths, hemp, matting, mats of cocoa-nut 
 fibre, stoves and other cooking utensils, cordage, threads, fishing-nets, and 
 lines ; building materials, modes of war vessels, yachts, life-boats, among 
 others a life-boat constructed partly of wood and partly of India rubber, 
 which may be folded up so as to occupy hardly one-fifth of its real volume, 
 by Mr. Berthon; models of bridges, viaducts, docks, quays, and locks ; 
 imitations of woods and marbles, painted on wood ; a church organ, pianos, 
 and metallic strings for musical instruments ; walking-sticks, bows, and 
 arrows, and other fancy articles ; hunting weapons, and, lastly, a collection 
 af decorations and objects of art in carton-pierre, the most beautiful of 
 which is an altar for a church ornamented with bas-reliefs and surmounted 
 with fiv niches, the one in the middle containing a statue of the Virgin, 
 on each side are two angels bearing the attributes of the mother of the 
 Saviour. The design of this altar is worthy of remark. 
 
 We now pass to the French side, for it must not be forgotten that France 
 occupies the whole of one side of the Palace, the whole of the Panorama, 
 all the passage, and more than half the annexe, The French Department, 
 which we are now about to inspect rapidly, contains a collection of 
 linen and cotton fabrics and articles of clothing, and here we have a series 
 of articles of these manufactures in every stage from the cheapest article 
 produced, up to the richest and most costly. 
 
 The first objects we notice are articles of ladies’ dress, corsets, caps, bon- 
 nets, mantillas, in fact all the articles comprised under the term confection 
 
 Re. ms 
 
 eo 
 
26] 
 
 te, — = 
 0 tt 
 
 
 
 de blanc et de fin, collars, chemises, neckerchiefs, gloves, stockings, &c. ; 
 next are dresses, men’s apparel, cloaks, garters, &c., a fine collection of 
 furs, and skins and winter clothing, among which we notice a beautiful 
 mantilla called caraco, of crimson velvet trimmed with the finest furs, which 
 is labelled martres du Canada price 8000 francs ; in the midst of this exhi- 
 bition of clothing, in respect of which Paris gives the laws to the whole 
 world, we notice a collection of historical costumes of the Court of France 
 at different periods. 
 Let us stop a moment before the exhibition of Mr. Letailleur, who has 
 succeeded in replacing furs which have become too rare, by sheep skins 
 prepared and dyed in various ways and colors, and with which also he 
 manufactures house and carriage rugs. The preparation of lamb skins for 
 winter coats has already been commenced in Lower Canada. It must be 
 continued, for in proportion as the population of the world increases, the 
 love of comfort becomes diffused, and civilization creates new wants, 
 industry must supply the deficiency in the natural production of certain 
 articles. 
 The reputation of French hats are universal ; well, here we have speci- 
 mens to suit every taste and condition, from the plumed hat of the 
 general officer to the modest, crushed up fel! of the commercial traveller ; 
 we have too, woman’s head gear so fresh looking and coquettish, and 
 ornaments in hair, plaits, combs, wigs, &c. 
 Next is a collection of French cottons by a number of exhibitors, among 
 whon the manufacturers from the Rhine departments are distinguished, 
 fine cotton fabrics, cotton sail cloths, glazed cottons, calicoes, tickings, 
 muslins, cotton sheeting, unbleached and colored velvets, counterpanes, 
 cotton fabrics in imitation of wool, linen and silk, figured cotton cloth for 
 book-binding, prints, sewing cotton, &c. Next we have hair-work by Messrs. 
 Constant and Lemonnier, Among the articles exhibited by the former we 
 notice a net-work of serpents in the form of a crown, and among those ot 
 the latter a large picture five feet square, representing a landscape, and an 
 eagle making a descent upon a teals nest ; next a collection of linens, table 
 cloths, and damasked fabrics, among which a splendid cloth with designs 
 representing bear hunting, scenes in the Polar regions, &c., stamped and 
 embroidered stuffs, and muslins, and black and white point lace. 
 French book-work, including printing, engraving of all kinds, 
 book-binding, geographical maps, maps in relief, in fact every des- 
 cription of article comprised under the terms book-work and sta- 
 tionery, is here represented by more than one hundred contributors 
 over and above those we have already noticed. In the midst of this ; 
 collection, in a class in which France holds the highest rank, we observe 
 reproductions in lithograph of the works of the masters in painting, in 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DRE TS nt te 
 
 which not only the composition and drawing are effectually produced, 
 but even the tone and style of the artist; as, for example, Decamp’s 
 works, in which you seem to observe that richness of color which is à 
 characteristic of that eminent artist, and which gives him in certain 
 pictures such a character for originality. 
 
 Let us continue our examination of the industrial section of these 
 vast compartments: here we observe sail cloth of hemp, and artists” 
 canvases, some of which are twenty-five feet by twenty-four; carding 
 machines for every description of spinning manufactory, mattrasses and 
 bed furniture ; a fine and extensive collection of cordage, pack thread, 
 bobbins, and straps of hemp, thread, packing cloths, and mats of hemp ; 
 a large collection of pottery, porcelain, bricks, tiles, vases, utensils, 
 and objects of art of all qualities and descriptions, among which we 
 remark two fine statues, one-fourth the natural size, in biscuit ware, 
 representing Clovis and his wife, by Messrs. Valeu and Berthoud ; a 
 large collection of glass ware, bottles, globes for lamps, and articles of 
 common use, glass bells, and a trophy composed of 104 boitles, 
 placed one upon the other, the largest of which is about three feet in 
 height by about two feet in diameter, the dimensions of the smallest 
 being really liliputian; next we have a large collection of cloths of all 
 colors, stufs, a variety of woollen fabrics, alpacas, common shawls, 
 French cashmeres, counterpanes, flannels, plaids, stamped and spotted 
 fabrics, carpets, &c.; next we have satins and velvets, damasked fabries, 
 muslins, baréges, satinettes, merinos, glazed cottons, hangings and furni- 
 ture stuffs. 
 
 Amongst all these articles, some of which astounded us by their 
 cheapness, and others by their richness and beauty, we admire as a 
 work of art, a piece of needle-work embroidery, representing sheep 
 shearing in the country, by Mr. Perilleux, and as a specimen of manu- 
 facture some beautiful white and colored woollen felts by Mr. Bellion ; 
 some of these felts are half an inch in thickness. 
 
 Lastly, in the midst of these specimens of spinning and weaving, we 
 notice a space containing bronzes by Mr. Etex, amongst others the 
 statue of Monseigneur Affre falling on the barricade, with an olive branch 
 in his hand, bearing the legend, “The good shepherd giveth his 
 life for the sheep ;” and a group representing Cain in despair, surrounded 
 by his weeping family, immediately after the murder of his brother. 
 The latter group is remarkable for its beauty of conception and compo- 
 sition. 
 
 
 
as 
 
 " 
 
 
 

 
 mm + 
 
 ——_—_—_—_—_—p 
 
 
 
 
 
 1] 
 A 
 
 7 2 ne a ee 
 
 ee 
 qu 
 
 L mi 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 tn nent hr rt ro 
 
 HOLLAND 
 
 SWEDE Y 
 Un NORW y ! 
 
 var ta‘ Hesse L 
 
 31! Ga 29 2 02 1 af 24) 2 
 e x 
 
  * 
 
 CREER @—— — n … - Le e— 
 North @ ÿ 
 Germany : Ka 7 x 
 Fe fui 3m | ! | 
 FANS F0 IE } 
 
 1". ZOLLVE REIN ! AUSTRIA 
 
 jet D ba Prussis Di JP] 
 
 
 
 à ‘HER st. 2 
 + . 
 . ! 
 | 
 —} 
 
 Le. 
 
 l 
 22 2k 
 » L 
 
 nn. 5 senc Loue 
 
 MAIN 
 
 Plan 0 
 
 ere 
 
 BEL GI UM 
 1] 
 
 ER 
 
 } k | 
 2 EL vont =ParE- DUR Lil odluniontisne 
 
 
 
 BUILDINC . 
 
 
 
 f theGalleries 
 
 Hu a 
 
 - - - , ‘ n 
 
 >: 
 F, 
 pe 
 
 me 
 
 À] 0 
 [ Ch, “ san © 
 
 A mn Li - C2 
 
 
 
 , à 7. | 
 
 GRFECÉ 
 NE "UNE 
 Le 
 
 L TURKEY 
 
 
 
 5= RE æ 3 — 5 — "À 
 
 | South. ° ” ve oO € 
 FRANCE! À AR 
 
 nus À ] | | VS. Et He ] 
 
 ESS JR LE: 3 | | LA | 1 | 
 
 America: - " + 3 
 GREAT -_BRITAIN de 
 
 Z£ Z p ; ; ; ? 
 2 ci 4 # # / 6 SL J 2 
 
 D . 
 
 L 4 
 
 ss | 
 
 
 
 
 on Loi TT lite 
 
 CPE 
 
 
 
 CO - 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 263 
 
 ———— 
 
 VIL. 
 
 THE GALLERIES. 
 
 We now proceed to inspect the galleries of the Palace ; we reach 
 them by the grand central staircase near the passage to the Panorama, 
 on the south-eastern side of the building. Ascending the steps of 
 polished stone, we remark all around the vast landing place the 
 following objects, namely : large floor carpetings, by Mr. Braquanié, 
 of Paris; a beautiful Italian white marble mantel piece, by Mr. 
 Rossi, of Milan; a medallion, with the bust of the Empress Eugenie, 
 over whose head a Cupid holds the Imperial Crown; two statues 
 of angels ornament the two extremities of the console; pretty little 
 colored window panes from Austria, large paintings on glass for 
 church windows from Belgium, and lastly at the entrance to the gallery, 
 the immense astronomical clock for the Cathedral of Besancon, which 
 indicates not only the time but also the principal astronomical phenom- 
 ena, lunar phases, eclipses, &c., in all 112 diflerent indications ; it Was 
 constructed by Mr. Bernardin, according to the calculations and under 
 the superintendence of Cardinal Mathieu, Archbishop of Besancon. 
 
 ght of the avenue which traverses the gal- 
 
 lery to the balustrade, from which the whole of the nave may be seen, 
 
 Proceeding towards the ri 
 
 we see in the space set apart for the United States, a collection of pianos, 
 church organs, harmoniums, accordeons, and other musical instruments, 
 by French exhibitors, and attached to the balustrade a fine large clock, 
 by Mr. Colin, of Paris ; this beautiful instrument indicates by different 
 bells and dials the hour in the different capital cities in the world, the 
 lunar phases, and the day of the month : the time is transmitted to other 
 dials in different parts of the building by means of electrieity. 
 
 The whole of that part of the southern gallery which extends on our 
 right from where we are now standing to the eastern extremity of the 
 Palace, is devoted to the British Exhibition ; here we have instruments 
 and maps by the Surveying Department of Great Britain, consisting for 
 the most part of beautiful theodolites and levels; acoustic instruments 
 in great number and variety, by Mr. Rem; beautiful specimens of 
 clock work, a large collection of optical, astronomical and scientific 
 instruments, among which we remark delicate balances by Mr. Ortling, 
 which are sensible of a weight of one thousandth part of a grain ; they 
 are mounted on agates and rubies ; an electric apparatus for measuring 
 the direction and intensity of the wind at sea, by Professor Smyth ; 
 
 LE 
 a omerinntreemet 
 me mn 
 Tee 
 
 
 
=. = RDA... mn es as 
 
 D ne nn - 
 
 2x Et EE LS 
 
 SN DES 
 a ———— 
 _ 
 
 264 
 
 NE ETS mennmenen — —_——— — — - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Capillary preparations injected by Dr. Hett, of London, for the study of 
 buman and comparative anatomy ; a large collection of maps, books, 
 engravings of different kinds, models for drawing in plaster, 
 and plates with subjects in anatomy, natural history, and other 
 analagous subjects, for schools and libraries: amongst these we 
 must remark particularly the magnificent geological chart of England, a 
 collection of the different fruits of the Amygdalloid family, a collection 
 of small cables, copper conductors for telegraphs, pretty reliefs carved 
 in wood, among which we remark The Procession of Neptune, by Mr. 
 Hall, and à group of dead game, composed of a woodcock, a snipe and 
 a partridge, by another artist; statuettes in bronze, marble and other 
 materials, in the midst of which we remark a group of Cuin.and Abel, 
 by Mr. Carrier: Abel is represented dead ; and Cain, with one hand on 
 the altar, on which is the lamb which his brother had sacrificed to the 
 Lord, seems to be meditating upon the enormity of his crime, the first 
 murder, which spread desolation over the abodes of men. 
 
 Continuing, we see specimens of photography and daguerreotyping, 
 and an apparatus for stercoscopic photography, exhibiting the picture 
 either flat or in relief, according as we examine it either through one 
 or two lenses ; furniture and room decorations, consisting of fringes and 
 embroidery, some of which, composed of velvet, embroidered with gold, 
 are remarkable for their richness and beauty ; an extensive collection 
 of embroideries, lace, muslins and prints, chiefly from Nottingham : 
 shawls, the most beautiful of which were from the Jewish house of 
 Salomons, to which the recently elected Lord Mayor of London be- 
 longs. Next we have silks, woollen fabrics, linens, rich carpetings, 
 velvets, various articles of clothing, gloves, hosiery, boots and shoes, 
 &c., &c.; artificial flowers, toys and siationery, cases of instruments, 
 brushes, specimens of printing and binding, and an envelope machine, 
 
 Having traversed the labyrinth of the avenues and compartments con- 
 taining the objects we have just inspected, we arrive at the principal 
 exhibition of English gold and silver smiths’ work : many have contri- 
 buted to this collection; Messrs. Hunt & Roskell, in their articles of 
 jewellery, exhibit diamonds and precious stones, amounting in value to 
 £920,000 sterling ; the Goldsmith’s Company of London exhibit a number 
 of emblematic vases and candelabra, one of which represents the 
 festival on the occasion of granting the privileges to the Company of 
 Goldsmiths by Richard II. 
 
 This collection of plate is very numerous and of great richness ; we 
 particularly observe à shield of iron and silver representing Shakspeare, 
 Milton and Newton, each surrounded with attributes, as difficult to divine 
 as enigmas, the subject of the Composition is described as follows : 
 
 
 
ré mpenest 
 
 265 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shakspeare seated on the vessel of immortality, floating on the river of life, and 
 Apollo and Minerva shewing him the vices of human nature, personified by 
 Jigures in torments, monsters, de. ; in spite of its intricacy it is a fine work, 
 but the most beautiful specimen is one representing Jupiter hurling thun- 
 derbolts at the Titans, designed by Mr. Vechte, a French artist, employed 
 in London by Hunt and Roskell, the successors to Storr and Mortimer : 
 the shield of which I have before spoken, was designed by this artist. 
 This collection is remarkable for its richness, a number of the groups 
 being in solid silver. 
 
 We now arrive at the exhibition of the East India Company, who 
 adopted the happy idea of exhibiting not only the remarkable manufac- 
 tured productions of India, but also of exhibiting the characteristics of 
 that wonderful country, and as it were transporting the visitor into the 
 midst of the scenery in that strange land of civilization, causing our 
 minds to recur to the Tales of the Thousand and one nights, and the 
 enchanted shores and palaces of fairy land. 
 
 First we have pavilions painted in oriental style, containing Indian 
 stuffs, superb cashmeres which are imitated in France, but which have 
 never yet been equalled, various velvets and other fabrics of the richest 
 colors, muslins embroidered with gold and silver, silk and cotton scarfs, 
 gauzes ormamented with arabesques in gold, the whole incredibly trans- 
 parent and light, a sun beam might sport and reflect itself on the gold 
 threads of the fenth tissue. Next we have costumes made up of the 
 above materials, embroidered slippers, Turkish slippers of gilded white 
 leather, and caps of gold and silk, velvet cloaks for Indian Princes, 
 arms, bows and arrows, muskets and pistols, sabres and daggers, lances, 
 coats of mail, helmets, cuirasses of most fantastic form, and inconceiva- 
 bly rich in ornament, musical instruments, guitars with one or more 
 strings, drums, tom-toms, flutes, chibouques and narguillis, toys, car- 
 riages the most curious in the world, small statuettes, figures represent- 
 ing Indian animals, the elephant, crocodile, serpents, monkeys, and the 
 pretty little Hindoo cow, an object of worship on the shores of the 
 Ganges. 
 
 In this exhibition there is something so original and so fabulous that 
 you seem to be transported to another world, especially when you 
 examine the representations of life inthe East ; first, there is an Indian 
 village, or more properly speaking a bazaar in the country, consisting of 
 an enclosure in the form of à parallelogram, made of bamboos, covered 
 with thatch; in the court, herding together, are women, children, men, 
 horses, cattle and elephants, on the roof of the house are troups of monkeys 
 basking in the sun, or gambolling in a fantastie manner. Then we have 
 the pavilion of an Indian Prince, containing ivory and ebony sofas, on mag- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 —… nr Le 
 ; - 
 se 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 STE TRADE de 
 
 
 
 RE + 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 am — 
 
 
 
 À + + DE er | 
 
 
 
 nificent carpets, a cloth of green velvet spotted with gold covers the prinei- 
 pal sofa, in front of which is atable with a chess-board, walking sticks of 
 costly woods, narguillis glittering with crystal and gold, ivory, precious 
 stones and amber shew their aristocratic bowls, in fact it is evident that 
 the personage for whom all these objects are destined, must be deemed 
 and believes himself to have been formed of other materials than mankind 
 generally, for with us, in all our views of luxury, the entertainment of our 
 friends is always one of ouraims, whereas here, everything is destined 
 for one single individual who has been condemned to suffer contirually 
 from indulgence, idleness and ennui. Here again we have another 
 prince, who, finding his palace too warm, has taken up his abode in his 
 tent. He sits listlessly on cushions smoking his chibouque, his courtiers 
 stand around, slaves holding large fans stand in a circle around him, 
 a medicant is in the act of advancing towards him, he must not give 
 him anything himself, he must give instructions to an attendant,"and 
 remain as he is, folded in his own dignity, wrapped up in silk, velvet, 
 and gold, and walking from his palace to his tent and from his tent to 
 his palace. All this may appear amusing to you ; for my own part, —I 
 am obliged to you,—but I would rather not be an eastern prince. 
 
 Here we have the car of Juggernaut, which moves along drawn by 
 thousands of devotees, the car is in the form of a pyramid, and must be 
 about thirty feet in height. Imagine to yourself every conceivable 
 variety of arabesques and fantastic carving, the whole painted red, green, 
 yellow, blue and white, and you will have some idea of the architecture 
 of this car. 
 
 To conclude our inspection of this curious Indian collection, let us 
 examine the models of pirogues, a climbing pole on a festival ground, 
 some models of the Temple of Ambabi, and of the mosque of Ahinidebad, 
 some specimens of printing in Hindostanee, some jewellery and some 
 household utensils, and other articles in ordinary use. 
 
 Next to this collection is a compartment in which Australia exhibits 
 specimens from her gold fields and of her other mineral wealth, speci- 
 mens of her vegetable productions, and also some stuffed animals and 
 birds, many of which are peculiar to that country. 
 
 Leaving the Indian and Australian collections we enter the compart- 
 ments occupied by the artieles sent from Egypt, whoseviceroy just now 
 is actingn so independent a inanner towardsthe Sultan hissuzerain, We 
 observe in this collection a panorama of the Isthmus of Suez, just com- 
 pleted, by a French engineer, Mr. de Lesseps, preparatory to the con- 
 struction of a canal between the two seas, artieles of saddlerÿ richly 
 ornamented, oriental fabrics, embroideries, woollen, silk and cotton stufis, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 = ; qe EE —— mp 
 0 RS 
 
 267 
 
 oo 
 
 
 
 
 
 carpetings, grain, minerals, wines, sugars, articles in alabaster of 
 remarkable beauty, and lastlÿ, books printed in Arabie and Turkish. 
 
 Tunis displays some wove fabrics, sadlery, and clothing, and a 
 beautiful pipe, 
 
 The Ottoman Empire occupies the next division, which is filled or 
 nearly so, with stuffs, embroideries, carpets, shawls, scarfs, and a variety 
 of woollen and silk fabrics ; of the silks some are from a French estab- 
 lishment at Mount Lebanon ; a collection of the current coins, pipes, 
 chibouques, and narguillis, weapons of war, and military saddles, 
 cutlery, and lastly, specimensof photography and drawing from Wallachia 
 and Moldavia. 
 
 From China, incense vases and others in porcelain, scent bags, and 
 Japanned sereens, iron-wood furniture carved and inlaid, shawls and 
 other stuffs, and two beautiful large yellow vases of Chinese pocelain. 
 
 The little kingdom of Greece sends a collection of woollen and silk 
 fabrics, cordage and leathers, articles of clothing and specimens of 
 photography, the model of a Greek corvette, a collection of dried Greek 
 flowers, and, lastly, a very pretty costume, and rich male attire spotted 
 with gold, 
 
 In the next compartment oceupied by Tuscany, whose principal exhi- 
 bition is in the annexe, we remark a collection of very pretty furniture 
 and some beautiful marqueterie work, specimens of fine Tuscan mar- 
 ble, mosaics in stone from Florence, pretty articles of stationery, candel- 
 abra, and vases of serpentine, bronzes, among which a copy of the 
 Perseus, by Bellini is worthy of notice, porcelains from Florence, the 
 well known and admired straw bonnets from Tuscany, a marble man- 
 telpiece, specimens of silk and cotton thread, a collection of stuffs, some 
 cordage, pottery, and locks, specimens of photography, alabaster and 
 porphyry vases, beautiful imitations of ancient Italian delph called 
 majolica, made to deceive connoisseurs. The compartments of the other 
 Italian states, namely, the states of the Church and Sardinia, are con- 
 tiguous to those we have just examined. It may be said that the 
 kingdom of Naples abstained from exhibiting, and the few productions 
 from that country are placed in the compartment of the states of the 
 Church. The industrial section of the exhibition from the Roman states 
 is placed in the annexe. In the section in which we now are, we ob- 
 serve, a large collection of those beautiful cameos, for which Rome is so 
 renowned, a collection of mosaics of all sizes, among which is one 
 representing the Roman Forum, by Mr. Galante. This magnificent 
 work of art is nearly five feet in length and thirty inches in breadth, and 
 is worth £1500. We also notice pottery made of the famous earth 
 from Mount Janicula, coral jewellery, a beautiful model of Trajan’s 
 
 
 

 
 
 me pq 
 
 mens = 
 D a 
 
 ME = 
 <= Nr Orœe * 
 Se 
 
 + 0 6 
 
 REC 
 
 0  — 
 
 j 
 
 CT PR RE Nes Ar | 
 Re CS nn dm : 
 
 268 
 
 
 
 —_———— —— nn 
 
 ro En —— 
 
 
 
 column in bronze, a machine for cutting out cloth for coats, artistic 
 designs and ornaments in marble, stucco#and Greek antique marble, 
 worsted hangings in imitation of Gobelin’s, specimens of silk, cloths, 
 and articles of clothing, artificial flowers in wax and muslin, beautiful 
 photographs of the monuments of ancient and modern Rome, diflerent 
 kinds of furniture, and, lastly, a portrait in mosaic of the Emperor 
 Napoleon I, 
 
 Sardinia exhibits woollen, linen, silk and cotton fabrics, embroidered 
 fabrics worthy of notice, leathers, beautiful lithographs, wax fruits, a fine 
 collection of specimens of clock making, musical instruments, surgical 
 instruments, bookbinding, stuffed birds, mosaics in wood, some hand- 
 some furniture, fancy articles for smokers, a plaster group of Napoleon 
 I and his son, and a patch-work quilt, similar to those frequently seen 
 in the country, in Canada. 
 
 Nearly the whole of the gallery on the north side, which we have Just 
 entered, is filled with French productions, which we shall cursorily ex- 
 amine, for they are so numerous that we should never come to an end 
 were we to examine them in detail; we have already, in the nave and 
 in the lower galleries, examined in detail, objects for the most part simi- 
 lar, we shall therefore proceed by groups without following the labyrinth 
 of pavilions and compartments. 
 
 The entire front of the gallery looking immediately upon the nave, 
 is occupied by a suit of magnificent pavilions containing jewellery of all 
 kinds to the value of many thousands of pounds; gold, silver, diamonds, 
 pearls, rubies, topazes, emeralds, in fact all the precious metals and 
 stones, of exquisite workmanship, and arranged with the purest tasie, 
 attract the gaze of visitors, who are astounded at the wealth displayed ; 
 some of the articles in this superb collection of the so world renowned 
 jewellery of France, merit special mention, on account of their artistie 
 beauties, for as regards richness and brilliancy it would be dificult to 
 make a selection ; first we have an ornamented sword with a steel hilt 
 by Mr. Henry, a table of silver and mosaic by Mr. Farry, a pin with 
 a figure of the Virgin by Mr. Mellerio, lastly, the model of a cup in 
 jasper of one single piece with figures and statuettes in repoussé gold and 
 enamel, representing Theseus and Andromeda, this bijou is said to be 
 worth £4000. | 
 
 If we proceed from the balustrade, directly to the great central staircase, 
 by which an entrance is gained to the gallery on this side, and which as 
 it were, divides the gallery into two, we observe in the corridors at the 
 entrance to the gallery, a collection of beautiful carpets by the most 
 celebrated French makers, among which we must not forget those of 
 Aubusson, a gigantic crystal candelabrum of great beauty from the re- 
 
 
 
ES Ge 
 
 269 
 
 mm mm = 
 du. —— — — — — — = _— — — ee RE _ —. _— — —— - “= 
 
 nowned factory of Baccarat, and a pier glass from St. Gobain, 17 ft. by 
 5 with a frame worthy of its beauty. 
 
 Next we remark, contained in a number of beautiful pavilions, and 
 occupying difierent parts of the gallery, a large plate glass from 
 Montlucon, silks of the inimitable Lyons manufacture, a variety of 
 fabrics in silk, wool, and linen, embroideries, laces, muslins, stuffs, 
 worked with gold and silver, points, &ec. ; amidst all these varieties of 
 luxuries replete with taste may be distinguished the manufactures of Lyons, 
 Paris, and St. Etienne, and in laces and embroiïderies, Valenciennes, 
 Cambrai, Amiens, Nîmes, Mulhouse, Ronen, Nancy, Tarrare; next we 
 have exhibited all the processes in the production and manufacture of silk 
 from the gathering of the cocoon, up to the richest and most delicate 
 fabric. 
 
 Nearly in the middle of this gallery, is the apartment prepared for the 
 Empress, the principal ornaments in which consist of tapestry hangings, 
 made ïin the reign of Louis XIV, by the young ladies of St. 
 Cyr under the direction of Madame de Maiïntenon, a pier glass in the 
 Louis XV style, made in London, furniture of magnificent Parisian 
 cabinet work, silk hangings and the inkstand used by Napoleon I at St. 
 Hélène, | 
 
 After the French compartments, we have the Portuguese, Spanish and 
 Swiss compartments. 
 
 In the Portuguese exhibition we remark a collection of wood for 
 cabinet making, a collection of specimens of marbles, Portuguese to- 
 baccos, a variety of fabrics, particularly some light silk stuffs, em- 
 broideries, mats, and other articles of plaited straw, woods and other 
 substances, some paper made of aloes, porcelain, admirable imitations 
 of flowers and feathers, and, lastly, a colossal porcelain vase of great 
 beauty. 
 
 Spain exhibits a fine collection of stuffs and wove goods, porcelain, 
 delf and pottery, beautiful. embroideries, gold and silver plate, Church 
 omaments, medallions modeled in wax, plaster bas-reliefs, fire-arms.. 
 pianos, furniture, and photographs. The distinguishing quality of the 
 Spanish exhibition is the combination of cheapness and the excellence 
 and good taste of the articles ; here it is evident we are dealing with a 
 nation amongst whose people, the principles of art are generally diflused. 
 
 Switzerland demands special notice for her embroideries in needle- 
 work, her reliefs and groups carved in wood, for which she is so justly 
 celebrated, various woollen, silk, cotton, and linen fabries, cutlery, 
 musical boxes, a fine collection illustrating the Swiss manufacture, 
 par excellence, viz., watchmaking, a superb'oak prie- Dieu, some photographs, 
 and, lastly, some embroideries on cloth and plaited straw. 
 
 
 
270 
 
 reset remaniement tirant ihble et ME 
 
 In traversing the Swiss Department we have passed one of the pavil- 
 ions on the staircase leading to the gallery ; in the vicinity of the stair- 
 case are exhibited a stufled lion, the skin of which was furnished by 
 the celebrated Lieutenant Gerard, the lion slayer, and some specimens 
 of glass staining, one of which represents a scene entitled, The education 
 of the Blessed Virgin. 
 
 We now reach the cross gallery at the western extremity of the buiïld- 
 ing which contains the exhibition by Holland, Sweden and Denmark, 
 and a part of that of the German states. 
 
 On arriving atthe compartment of Holland, we have got through the 
 examination of about three-fourths of the galleries. The principal ob- 
 jects in the Dutch exhibition contained in this department have more or 
 less reference to navigation ; we have models of merchant and war ves- 
 sels, a model of a flat bottomed fishing boat, models of the celebrated 
 dykes, a model for the construction of ship’s masts of iron, scientific 
 instruments, compasses, chronometers, sextants, &c, ; after these we have 
 collections of engravings, letter press, and bookbinding, a fine collection 
 of natural loadstones, glassware, and fancy articles, various fabrics, 
 among which we remark some fine large carpetings, and counterpanes, 
 and other household articles, next a collection of utensils, furniture, 
 arms, and other fancy articles from the Island of Jara. 
 
 In the next compartment, Sweden and Norway exhibit a collection 
 of fabrics, among which we notice some fine linens, a collection of scien- 
 tific instruments, and fine surgical instruments, a collection of sculpture 
 and ornaments and furniture in carved wood, various articles of cloth- 
 ing and decoration, specimens of bookbinding, furniture of different 
 kinds, gold and silver plate, a table on which stands a large porphyry 
 vase, some beautiful furs, musical instruments, fancy articles of birch 
 bark, models of public works, and, lastly, some perfumery. 
 
 Denmark exhibits in this part of the building, a collection of furs ; the 
 productions of its woollen and cotton manufactures ; specimens of Dan- 
 ish porcelain from Copenhagen, some of which are works of art copied 
 from the works of the celebrated Danish sculptor, Thorwaldsen, the 
 author of the famous statues of Jesus and the twelve Apostles ; musical in- 
 struments, particularly pianos, collections of stuffed animals and birds ; 
 some furniture, among which is a bookcase of carved wood, mathemati- 
 cal nautical instruments, a model of a pilot boat, articles of clothing, 
 and, lastly, a beautiful mechanical compositor. 
 
 Among the fabrics, models of vessels, embroideries, earthenware, cabi- 
 netware, marquetterie work, and other articles sent by the free town of 
 Hamburg, we notice a collossal barometer, the style of execution of 
 which, does honor to its maker, Mr. Krüss. Entering the part of the 
 
 
 
271 
 
 
 
 
 
 galleries assigned to the German states, we perceive around the passages 
 leading to it, specimens of Prussian stained glass, and a pavilion contain- 
 ing the celebrated Eaux de Cologne, by Mr. Jean Marie Farina. 
 
 In the first of these compartments the different German states exhibit 
 a variety of fancÿ stufñfs embroidered, stamped and damasked, em- 
 broideries, toilet articles, specimens of engraving, superb specimens of 
 photography, a collection of playthings and fancy articles. Among the 
 numerous articles of bronze and electrotype here exhibited, we remark a 
 masnificent bas-relief of the picture by Gendron La Danse des Willis, exe- 
 cuted in electrotype by Mr. Kress of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 
 
 Next comes Prussia with an exhibition of various fabrics diflering in 
 price, among which we notice particularly Berlin carpetings and wools, 
 and Utrecht velvets, numerous and varied specimens of stationery, en- 
 graving, bookbinding, and books, architectural designs and collections of 
 archæological drawings, albums, maps in relief, photographs ; and, 
 lastly, a collection of skins and furs. 
 
 From the Prussian we pass to the Austrian collection which astonishes 
 the visitor by its richness, and amid which we particularly admire the 
 beautiful velvets of Vienna and of the Provinces of the Empire, every 
 description of silk, linen, and woollen fabric rivalling the finest of their 
 kind in the whole world, embroidered, spotted and damasked tissues, 
 &ce., specimens of silk and wool in the various stages of their preparation, 
 national costumes, shawls and other toilet articles ; a collection of hats 
 and caps in which we remark the singular fashions in vogue in the dif- 
 ferent provinces, such as Hungary, Transylvania, and Wallachia, a fine 
 collection of carpetings, specimens of the beautiful Bohemian crystal 
 ware, which was the first to compete with that of Venice, and, lastly, 
 a magnificent organ completes the catalogue of the most remarkable 
 objects in this beautiful section. 
 
 Belgium here, as onthe ground floor, is next to Austria, she exhibits 
 among other objects a collection of fancy carpetings, different kinds of 
 embroidery, specimens of engraving and photography, musical instru- 
 ments, and particularly some pianos from Brussels, ornaments of marble, 
 such as mantel-pieces and frames, dresses and carpets of furs of diflerent 
 kinds, articles of jewellery and gold and silver plate, bronzes, fancy arti- 
 cles in great variety, a collection of biscuit ware and some articles in 
 terra cotta. 
 
 We shall conclude our examination of the galleries and-consequently 
 ofthe Palais d'Industrie, by noticing the few articles from the Southern 
 States of America and Central America. Let us observe the stufled 
 birds, the mats and carpets, and the natural productions of Guatemala 
 and New Grenada, the collection of minerals from the Argentine Repub- 
 
 
 
— 
 
 
 
 ———— 
 
 lic, the natural productions of Brazil, the collection of minerals, the 
 tobaccos and other plants, the books and stationery, the tissues em- 
 broidered with gold, and lastly, the collection of birds and insects from 
 Mexico. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 THE PANORAMA. 
 
 We now proceed to examine the annexe called the panorama, which 
 immediately adjoins the Palace. The panorama 1s divided into two 
 principal sections, the circuit and the central division, the whole is occu- 
 pied by French exhibitors. 
 
 We shall first make the circuit of the building entering on the right. 
 Here is assembled the most considerable collection of French farniture : 
 the perfection at which French workmen have arrived in this branch is 
 wellknown. This vast collection, which is composed almost exclusively 
 of fancy furniture, is contributed by a host of exhibitors, the list of whose 
 
 names 1t would take too long to give; let us then content ourselves with 
 the examination of a few of the specimens which are worthy of special 
 remark : a polished oak mantel-piece, ornamented with statuettes, by Mr. 
 Roudillon, a frame of Sevres enamel and two large pannels, painted 
 with arabesques ; à book-case by Mr. Klein, of carved black walnut, and 
 consisting of two distinct parts supported each by four pannels, the 
 lower part is ornamented with busts of Dante and Virgil, and witb alle- 
 gorical designs, emblematical of the arts, the whole is surmounted by a 
 globe, supported by a figure of Atlas, the globe itself being surmounted 
 by a figure of science seated on a couched lion : an immense side-board 
 by Mr. Ribailler, adorned with statues of natural size of the four quar- 
 ters of the world, and with a host of allegorical figures and bas-reliefs, 
 the merit of the workmanship being a recompense for the strangeness 
 of this encyclopediacal composition; an ebony sideboard with bronze 
 ornaments, and a black walnut book case with bronze ornaments, by 
 Mr. Barbédienne, who manufactures both bronzes and furniture :; next 
 to these we have bedsteads and other furniture ; next an immense col- 
 lection of implements and cutlery, the most beautiful and complete ever 
 offered to publie view ; the next section contains musical instruments of 
 French manufacture, wind, string, and percussion instruments ; let us 
 note the names of the justly celebrated makers, Pleyel, Blanchet, Debain, 
 Pape, Alexandre, Darche, Boisselot, Hertz, and especially the firm of 
 
 
 
. tn 
 - “ pr MER ART met: ae Ham + À = 
 P = a qe. 3 tan 
 Pa : Dune. unes En …: 
 M amas à — ne 
 
 CR te 
 
 “ 273 
 
 es Pme ——__— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ne un 
 
 
 
 Erard, who always rank at the head of this branch of industry, and will 
 continue to do so, notwithstanding the death of the head of the firm, 
 which took place during the exhibition. The chef d’œuvre exhibited 
 by Erard ïs a grand piano in the style of Louis XV., decorated with 
 bronzes and paintings à la Waleau; the total weight of the tension, the 
 cords being of steel, is 44,000 pounds. 
 
 We now enter the central section of the panorama. Observe around 
 this large circular compartment, the Gobelins and Beauvaistapestry, the 
 large picture in wool representing the family of Darius at the feet of 
 Alexander ; the Miraculous draught of Fishes, after Raphael ; La Vierge aux 
 porssons, also after Raphael ; Christ laid in the Sepulchre, after Caravache : 
 Christ at the Tomb, afier Champeigne : illustrations of the fables of Lafon- 
 taine, and furniture covering from Beauvais; porcelain vases and carpets, 
 by Mr. Sallandrouze. Here are exhibited specimens of aluminum, 
 the new metal recently discovered, 
 
 In the middle of the panorama a platform has been erected ; on the 
 lowest elevation are the Crown Jewels of France, contained in a magni- 
 ficeat pavilion, around which, an uninterrupted stream of visitors con- 
 tinually circulates. Let us stop to admire these jewels, in which the 
 beauty of the workmanship, the precious metals and stones rival one an- 
 other, let it suffice to say 1hat the total value ofthe jewels is calculated at 
 £1,800,000.  Below and around the elevation on which the Crown 
 Jewels are placed, the platform is occupied by a collection of Sevres 
 porcelain, and gold and silver plate, among which we particularly notice 
 a large monumental vase, with figures representing the different nations 
 of the earth, executed in commemoration of the Universal Exhibition of 
 1851, enamels representing the four Evangelists, statues in biscuit ware, 
 table services, vases, and candelabra. Amongthe plate we particularly 
 remark a service of 100 covers, executed for the Emperor by Mr. Chris- 
 toile ; the entire service is composed of 350 pieces, bearing the arms of 
 the Napoleon dynasty, the principal piece is an epergne in the form of 
 a temple, the cupola bearing the figure of France rewarding merit, it is 
 surrounded by statues of religion, concord, power and Justice ; atthe base 
 of the cupola we see on one side the genius of agriculture on a car 
 drawn by four oxen, and the other side the genius of war, on a Car drawn 
 by four war horses ; let us also remark the models in Sevres porcelain of 
 various ancient works. Proceeding by the gallery, let us direct our 
 steps to the annexe du bord de Peau. 
 
 In the gallery just referred to, is exhibited on one side, the greater part 
 of the exhibition of French clock work, including clocks, watches, 
 chronometers, and other scientific instruments ; and on the other side 
 are collections of natural history, plants, flowers, and fruits, methodically 
 
 8 
 
 
 
274 
 
 D 
 qe mm rat — oo, 
 
 
 
 arranged; collections of animals prepared for museums, and eurious 
 specimens of fossils, amongst others a plaster cast of the head and 
 tusks of an antediluvian animal. At the entrance to the annexe, are 
 exhibited wax models, the greater part of which are of beautiful work- 
 mansh1p. 
 
 Belore entering the annexe, we shall briefly examine the area fenced 
 in, which surrounds the panorama ; here, in a number of pavilions and 
 tents are contained a number of articles sufficient of themselves to form 
 a magnificent provincial exhibition ; all the articles contained in this 
 section are of French exhibition. Let us note the principal objects: 
 first of all we see ranged along the palisade, artistic groups in terra-cotta, 
 destined {or the decoration of gardens, blocks of artificial stone, which 
 having been submitted to experiment, has been found to possess a force of 
 adhesion superior to that of natural stone, statues and arbours of lead and 
 zinc, a pretty little pleasure boat by the Seine boatmen ; next we have 
 a soi ection of agricultural implements, ploughs, rakes, thrashing 
 machines, steam ploughs, mills, reaping HAE wine presses, harrows, 
 and many others, five or six of which are from Belgium. 
 
 Here it is that under a cover France has exhibited her agricultural 
 products, cereals, plants, and preserved fruits ; among this collection we 
 remark beautiful merino wools, French flax and hemp, silk eocoons, 
 some very curious beehives, and specimens of pine for shipbuilding 
 planted in the Landes which had attained a growth of 15 feet in the short 
 period of four years. 
 
 _ Here, also, the Marquis de Bryas exhibits within a pretty rustic 
 pavilion his ne method of deep drainage by means of earthen 
 ware pipes, and here are displayed beautiful specimens of French carriage 
 building and wheel wright’s work, and models of railway vans sl 
 carriages. 
 
 Let us now briefly examine the exhibition of cheap artictes, which is 
 called the Galerie de l’économie domestique. This gallery is exelusively 
 devoted to articles of food, clothing and fumniture, Amongst the dat 
 “articles of food we ain preserved vegetables, Indian meal, and the 
 “various s0 called Italian pastes. In the fuel section we remark, pressed 
 turf, and coal made from charcoal and cinder dust mixed with tar by 
 means of an hydraulic press. English crockery at four shillings a doze >n, 
 
 “and Belgian and French earthenware cups at one penny each; tent Lu 
 steads te less than ten shillings ; stockings from D bam at one 
 shilling per doz ; French buttons at one shilling, the lot composed of 1748 
 «buttons; French clocks at eight shillings ; in fact a host of articles 
 ‘wonderiul {or their low price, which however does not in every case con- 
 stitute cheapness, As regards the, success attained in this section, 
 
 
 
* 275 
 
 France, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain and Belgium take the first 
 rank. 
 
 Austria exhibits excellent clocks at wonderfully low rates. I forgot 
 to mention that there was an organ suitable for a village church, the 
 price of which was only £5. It seems that in France, a very fair organ 
 may be had for £25. 
 
 IX. 
 
 ANNEXE DU BORD-DE-L'EAU. 
 
 We have only the annexe now to examine ; we enter this building at 
 the east end, next to the Place de la Concorde, and before inspeeting 
 the articles on the ground floor, let us look at the contents ofthe galeries, 
 which it will be better to examine first, as they do not extend the whole 
 length of the building, but only about half way, terminating abruptly at 
 the commencement of the exhibition of machinery in motion, 
 
 Ascending the stair case which leads to the right hand gallery on the 
 north, we first notice a part of the exhibition of the English Colonies, 
 including Ceylon and the Indian Archipelago ; we observe ivory, torioise- 
 shell, and metallic articles, made by the natives, cabinetware and fancy 
 articles, preserved fruits and natural productions from the three natural 
 kingdoms ; minerals, cereals, and prepared fruits, furs, and skins, and 
 mattrasses and hammocks used by the natives, 
 
 The collection from Australia is composed for the most part of a variety 
 of timber and articles made of the different kinds of woods, some stuffed 
 animals, and furs ; a collection of minerals, particularly some specimens 
 from the gold fields, vegetable productions, specimens of printing and 
 bookbinding; the articles sent from Van Dieman’s Land and the Cape 
 of Good Hope, are almost identical with the above. 
 
 The collection from New Zealand contains fetiches, instruments and 
 utensils used by the natives, a collection of woods of the country, and 
 specimens of a gum held in great repute, for the preparation of varnish. 
 Here are placed a few specimens of English, Canadian and French 
 productions. 
 
 The States of the Church here exhibit a part of their collection of ceramie 
 manufactures, sands and carbonates for polishing metals, à fine block: of 
 rock alum, a collection of forest productions, agricultural productionfs, 
 chemical productions, preserved fruits, edged tools, hemp-productions, sail 
 cloth, and sperm candles. Here, Sardinia, among other articles, exhibitsa 
 
 
 
LS 
 
 _ 
 _—— 
 
 
 
 ——_————— ————— 
 
 fine collection of Stone, marble, and other materials of the kind ; a 
 collection of minerals, earthenware, and agricultural and forest pro- 
 ductions. 
 
 Norway exhibits some very curious articles of clothing, furs, carriages, 
 household implements, specimens of paper and pulleys, a model of a 
 new steering apparatus, and some planks of northern pine and fir. 
 
 The German States shew some mineral and agricultural producfions, 
 some iron manufactures, clothing, and specimens of paper, fire arms, and 
 cutlery. 
 
 Prussia exhibits some natural productions and manfactured articles, 
 among others some telegraphic cables, some curious surgical instruments, 
 specimens of paper, and a collection of Optical and philosophical instru- 
 ments. 
 
 Austria has collected here à number of important articles, among others, 
 a fine collection of iron and steel manufactures, implements, fire arms, 
 cutlery, surgical instruments, &ec. geological, geographical and hydro- 
 graphical charts, models of buildings, and of boats : clocks, and optical 
 and scientific instruments, agricultural productions and impléments, and 
 lastly, an immense voltaic pile for the production of electricity. 
 
 fere Belgium presents a fine collection of agricultural productions, 
 prepared furs, gold and silver plate, and water proof clothing. 
 
 The rest of this gallery is occupied by France. Here are telescopes 
 and nautical instruments, a diving bell, a level, and other engineering 
 instruments, photographical apparatus, a large collection of mathematical, 
 astronomical and philosophical instruments used in the sciences of 
 observation, beautiful French parchments, surgical instruments in great 
 variety and of beautiful wWorkmanship, contrivances for the education of 
 the blind, instructive games for children, surgical bandages, artificial 
 anatomical preparations, stuffed birds, and a collection of agricultural 
 productions of France and Algeria, and some French furniture. 
 
 To conclude our visit to the galleries, we traverse the building and 
 ascending to the left gallery on the south, we proceed to the eastern 
 extremity of the annexe, where we shall commence à rapid survey of 
 the objects displayed on the principal floor. 
 
 The gallery west of the Seine contains a piano and furniture made 
 of Algerian wood, next we have the exhibition from French Guiana, con- 
 sisting of barks, woods and plants, the skins and plumage of animals and 
 birds, agricultural productions, spices, dye-stuffs and fruits, Weapons, 
 mats, and other articles. 
 
 Next to this collection from Guiana, we have a few articles from 
 French Oceanica, comprising sponges, and corals, cottons, tobacco, 
 and aromatics, dyestuffs,oils, and native fabrics. Next, France displays 
 
 
 
277 
 
 
 
 
 
 some alimentary preparations, and some India rubber eloths, and a fine 
 and numerous collection of chemical productions, and perfumeries, among 
 which we notice those coming from Provence. 
 
 Next comes Austria, with a very good collection of chemical 
 préparations, particularly some celebrated salts and acids, speeimens of 
 various sugars, surgical instruments, and numerous orthopædical com 
 trivances; next we have a pretty collection of articles for draftsmen and 
 artists, paper, colors and pencils, 
 
 Prussia exhibits some liqueurs, syrups, sugars, manufactured tobaccos, 
 candles, and essences ; and a fine collection of the celebrated Eau 
 de Cologne. 
 
 The articles collected here by the different petty German States and 
 Holland, are virtually of the same description as those we have just 
 examined from Prussia. They all belong to the united Zollverein 
 exhibition. 
 
 Next, we notice in succession the following articles: from France 
 some church ornaments, and articles of clothing made in the deaf and 
 dumb asylums of Paris and Bordeaux, transparencies for windows, and 
 models of house roofs. From Tunis, some furs and skins, some agricul- 
 tural productions, and dried fruits, articles of leather, and earthenware: 
 From Spain, a fine collection of chemicals, some candles, tobaccos, 
 corks, paper, and mineral productions, among them rock salt from Cata- 
 lonia; and lastly, a collection of the famous Spanish cigarettes, the 
 classic ornament of the Majo. 
 
 We stop to examine the beautiful collection of agricultural productions 
 by the Board of Trade of London, comprising every production classified 
 in order, the grain in the ear with the stem and the roots, preserved 
 fruits and vegetables, plants and woods; also, wools and other animal 
 products. 
 
 Proceeding, we observe the productions of the English Colonies in the 
 Mediterranean ; from the Islands in the Mexican Gulf, and from Guiana, 
 consisting, —from Malta and the Ionian Islands, of coffee, sugar, 
 woods, agricultural productions, prepared fruits, dried fish, and a few 
 fabrics ; stuffed birds, and specimens of engraving and typography from 
 Jamaica ; minerals, forest and agricultural productions, toilet articles 
 and clothing, stufis, and household articles, musical instruments, and 
 specimens of photography from British Guiana ; a fine collection, con- 
 sisting chiefly of mineral productions, among which is plastie earth of 
 good quality, about 1 [1 specimens of the produce of the forests and the 
 chase ; we notice particularly the wood of the banana tree, and some 
 fine bear skins ; a large collection of agricultural produce, wheat, coffee» 
 cotton, pepper, &c., and a variety of raw and refined sugars, banana 
 
 
 
2178 
 
 meal, rum, starch, gums and medicinal plants, cordage of various fibres, 
 aboriginal articles of clothing, hammocks, and other furniture, native 
 huts and implements. 
 
 Having inspected the galleries, we proceed through 1he whole length 
 of the annexe, 4,000 feet, noticing on our passage those objects, 
 among the thousands which seem most worthy of observation, or those 
 at least which attract the largest share of attention, for there are objects 
 here of the greatest interest which appear to remain forgotten, and which 
 seem lost in this immense collection which is too vast altogether to admit 
 of the study of its details. The first compartment at this extremity of the 
 annexe belongs to England, it contains a vast collection of iron castings, 
 balconies, furniture, artistie and decorative objects, and others by the 
 Eoalbrookdale Company, numerous collections of specimens of iron, and 
 iron manufactures, from different parts of the United Kingdom, and a 
 fine collection of saddlery by several contributors : the specimens com- 
 posing it are very beautiful; a collection of leathers of various qualities 
 and variously prepared, a fine collection of English coal and coke 
 arranged according to their degrees of utility ; a vast collection of SOaps 
 of diflerent kinds, and specimens of essences and various chemical 
 preparations. 
 
 We now come to the agricultural implements, or implements connected 
 With agriculture, exhibited by Great Britain; the prin pal of which are 
 a numerous collection of ploughs of different forms and dimensions, 
 barrows, drills, horse hoes, thrashing machines, and reaping machines, 
 horse rakes, portable steam engines, and lastly, a tile machine for making 
 éarthen ware tiles for drainage, around which, a crowd is always 
 gathered to examine it in operation. 
 
 From the English Department we pass to the Canadian Compartment, 
 which is the only place in the annexe which is inclosed in a similar 
 manner to the large compartments in the Palace. Nearly all the articles 
 from Canada are collected in this compartment with the exception of 
 the machines in motion, to the number of 12, some agricultural imple- 
 ments, and a few articles placed in one of the galleries of the annexe 
 immediately above where we are now standing. 
 
 CANADIAN COMPARTMENT. 
 
 ‘Fhe visitor upon entering the Canadian section, which is bounded at 
 the two extremities bÿ pavilions in which are arranged the objects of 
 small dimensions, or of delicate texture, is at once struck with the 
 appearance of the trophy of Canadian timber which occupies the centre 
 of the compartment. This trophy which is nearly 60 feet in height, upon 
 an octagonal base 14 feet in diameter is composed of three stories 
 
 
 
279 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 —— ——n ot 
 
 En RS tps 
 
 surmounted by a spire, the top of which is omamented with a beaver, 
 the emblem of Canada. A winding stair case in the interior leads to 
 the galleries on the different stories, the highest of which forms the 
 prominent feature of all the trophies in the annexe. From this gallery 
 the view of the building is really magnificent; this extensive edifice 
 nearly 4000 feet in length, presents itself to the gaze of the visitor in all 
 its varied aspects, with its numberless decorations and variety of colors, 
 the fairy like confusion of all the objects displayed on the ground floor 
 and in the galleries, and the iron and erystal vault of the immense 
 industrial caravanserai, The complete view of the annexe, the aerial 
 and indefinable prospect renders this gallery one of the most curious 
 points of the Exhibition of 1855. 
 
 The Canadian trophy, so beautiful for its picturesque form, is not only 
 a pavilion of luxury, but also an exhibition of articles of the second class, 
 that is to say, of the produce of the forests, composed of the contributions 
 of more than thirty exhibitors; it is constructed with the woods of 
 Canada, and contains 64 varieties and more than 200 specimens, which are 
 principally in the form of the boards and planks of commerce ; some of these 
 are more than one yard wide, by nearly four in length. To these woods 
 are added manufactured articles more or less intimately connected with 
 lumbering, wooden doors and windows, blinds, boxes, casks and barrels, 
 oars, wooden shovels, handles of axes and other tools, hoops, beautiful 
 specimens of veneering in birds’-eye maple, splendid furs and several 
 other articles, all these stand gracefully out from draperies of imperial 
 purple. At the foot of the trophy are seen enormous disks of wood, 
 formed by transverse sections of trees covered with their bark, and 
 intended to shew the texture of the different species. 
 
 Let us take a short review of the geographical arrangement of the 
 saloon which engages our attention. We have already said that the 
 two extremities are bounded by glass cases, the spaces between which 
 give access into the interior, which is divided into eight parallel zones, 
 extending in the direction of the length of the annexe. Let us notice the 
 general arrangement of the contents of each zone, beginning with that 
 which is bounded by the wall on the north-east aide, nearest to Cours la 
 Reine. Here we have the numerous miperal and metallurgic products, 
 including a beautiful geological map, a large topographical map, and all 
 kinds of building materials. 
 
 The second zone contains agricultural produce in its rough state, and 
 the third the same produce manufactured ready for commerce, together 
 with the products of the chase and the oil furnished by the fisheries. 
 
 Then comes the beautiful model of the Victoria Bridge, which excites 
 the admiration of so many spectators, by the mere perfection of its: 
 
 
 
Ça 2 0 0 —— ro - 
 - - - — _ —————— 
 
 execution, but still more by the idea which it gives of that gigantic 
 enterprise," which, thanks to the different documents published at Paris, 
 iS now known to all the world, as well as many other things before 
 unknown concerning our beautiful country. 
 
 Crossing the centre of the saloon, we see, on each side of the trophy, the 
 two beautiful carriages of Canadian manufacture which have been so 
 much praised, and the two fire engines which are so remarkable in every 
 respect. The fifth zone is formed of models of canals, bridges and 
 public edifices. In the sixth zone we see diflerent instruments, and 
 especially manufactured metals, and in the seventh a rather large exhibi- 
 tion of furniture and a piano, 
 
 Lasily, leaning against the southern portion of the walls of the building, 
 are specimens of paintings, engravings, and photography, collections of 
 birds and stuffed animals, specimens of cordage, and of prepared and 
 dressed leather. 
 
 Letus now cast a glance on the glass cases which form the line of 
 separation between the Canadian section and those adjoining. They 
 are five in number, at each extremity. Those of the western extremity 
 contain, crossing from north to south, the first, preserved meats, salted and 
 smoked tongues, hams, &e. : the second, straw and hay bats, samples of 
 book binding, particular preparations of porpoise, caribou and moose skins, 
 and a great many other articles; the third, stuffs, and various fabrics ; . 
 the fourth, embroidered articles, lace work, and Wearing apparel: the 
 üfth, Indian curiosities and fancy work, of such taste and richness as to 
 surprise every body who saw them. 
 
 The glass cases at the eastern exiremity, crossing from south to north, 
 contain : the first, beautiful furs, martin, mink, otter, beaver, fox, and 
 many other kinds, which it is really comfortable only to look at; the 
 second, a collection ofdifferent kinds ofshoesand boots ; the fourth, jewellery 
 and articles belonging to the toilet: andthe fifth, medicinal plantsand those 
 used in dyeing, pharmaceutical extracts and chemical preparations, 
 
 Still advancing in the annexe, immediately adjoining the Canadian 
 Exhibition is one of the American di sions, which, like all the others, is 
 almost entirely occupied by France. The United States exhibit here, 
 only some reaping machines, one of which appears to be the best of al] 
 that were exhibited, thrashing machines, and a few other agricultural 
 implements. France has occupied this American compartment by a 
 collection which offers one of the most important features of the whole 
 exhibition. This collection is à splendid illustration of its civil and 
 
 military genius, and contains models representing the building, accom- 
 modations, and arrangements of men-of-war of every discription, and 
 above all, of those steam batteries, the use of which is so new, so bold 
 
 
 
EE 
 
 281 
 
 
 
 
 
 ——— 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 and so altogether French ; illustrations of the launching of ships and of 
 the formation of stocks : models of pilot, fishing and racing boats ; models 
 of merchant vessels, and various apparatus for rescuing shipwrecked 
 persons and property ; models of public works, temporary and permanent 
 
 a OR De 
 
 k 
 
 V 
 fl 
 
 booms for rivers; models of the construction of harbours, bridges, 
 viaducts, aqueducts, tunnels, models of scaflolding for house building ; 
 a beautiful model of a light house, shewing a perpenñdicular section of 
 the interior ; a model of the harbor of Calais, and a map in relief of the 
 harbour of Marseilles. What distinguishes all the productions of French 
 genius is their solid and durable appearance, and their monumental 
 aspect. 
 
 Tuscany has a pleasing exhibition here, composed principally of a 
 collection of minerals, which are very remarkable in every respect ; 
 a beautiful collection of building timber, and cabinet work ; a collection 
 of bread-stuffs, plants, and roots, admirably arranged; very fine specimens 
 of wool, leather and other animal productions ; and specimens of the 
 beautiful Tuscan straw which is so celebrated. 
 
 The States of the Church exhibit here, minerals, productions of the 
 forest ; breadstuffs and other agricultural produce, and some agricultural 
 implements ; amongst which is an ingenious harrow, intended to be 
 adapted to the celebrated French plough of Dombasle. 
 
 Spain exhibits a collection of minerals, and some beautiful specimens 
 of marble; a collection of woods, comprising about 600 difierent species, 
 together with the leaves, fruit, roots, bark, sections to shew the grain and 
 the charcoal and ashes which they produce, this collection is the most 
 beautiful of its kind; breadstuffs and other agricultural produce ; wines, 
 and superb oil; tools of various kinds, and especially the tools which 
 pertain to wood craft; a collection of cordage ; and lastly, a beautiful 
 collection of merino and other wools of those magnificent flocks of Spain 
 which have obtained such a world wide renown. 
 
 Portugal exhibits produce of various kinds, amongst others minerals : 
 3: U os) L : 
 different sorts of wood and corks ; agricultural implements and produce, 
 cordage, and earthenware vessels. 
 
 The Kingdom of Sardinia exhibits a collection of substances belonging 
 to the mineral kingdom, among which are the beautiful marbles for which 
 the quarries of Piedmont are so celebrated ; woods and agricultural 
 produce ; and several models of various machines, amongst others the 
 plan of a locomotive designed to overcome steeper inclines than our 
 present locomotives are capable of surmounting. 
 
 Turkey shews a fine collection of agricultural produce, particularly of 
 breadstufis, preserved fruits, and tobacco ; there are also specimens of 
 
 
 
| 
 
 0 mm _ = 
 _ RS TS a Santana. en . 
 
 silk and skins of birds and animals, amongst which are tiger and ostrich 
 skins. 
 
 Greece, which is here placed in the neighbourhood of her ancient 
 enemy, presents a pretty, though not very large collection; there are 
 plastic earth, and beautiful Grecian marbles, porphyry, agate from Mount 
 Taygetus; Rosso antico : cipolin marble; the black marbles of 
 Mantinea ; the alabaster of Psythalia, &e. ; a fine collection consisting 
 of 77 varieties of woods from Achaia and Elidus ; agricultural produce, 
 amongst other things, preserved and dried fruits, and the celebrated 
 beeswax of the mountains of Greece. 
 
 In the midst ofthese foreign productions, there is a collection of French 
 leather which is universally celebrated. 
 
 Switzerland, in addition to productions similar to those of the countries 
 we have already enumerated, exhibits a little pavilion containing coun- 
 terpanes embroidered with needlework, together with other productions 
 Of that kind executed in an asylum for children; articles of furniture : 
 machines of various sorts, and a beautiful plan in relief of the environs 
 of the celebrated landscape of the Lake of the Four Cantons. 
 
 Holland next presents itself with its specimens of mineral, agricultural 
 and forest productions, and excites particular attention by a collection of 
 articles pertaining to shipping; and by an exhibition of cordage, and of 
 the productions of its Colonies of Java and Sumatra : consisting princi- 
 pally of sugar, coffee, opium, indigo, cotton and oils, the whole arranged 
 in à trophy, surmounted by the celebrated panther of Java, stufled, in 
 the act of springing and bearing in her mouth a young deer Just caught, 
 
 Denmark exhibits a collection of minerals, woods and agricultural 
 produce, amongst which are some beautiful wools ; Chemical preparations 
 and stearine; then agricultural implements, amongst them a plough 
 and a harrow for a single horse, and the model of a nailmaking machine, 
 which, it is said, is capable of manufacturing 5,000 nails per hour. 
 
 Amongst various manufactured articles, the productions of the Hanseatic 
 towns, is a beautiful carriage from Hamburg, and a rather singular 
 production, consisting of cigars, manufactured from a paper which is 
 made with stalks and refuse of tobacco, thus preventing waste, 
 
 Here Sweden has collected the greatest part of her exhibition. The 
 principal articles are minerals, particularly samples of her celebrated 
 iron, in the state of ore and castings, in the manufactured state, 
 particularly as cable chaïns, anchors, and other articles connected with 
 ships; as steel, accompanied by specimens of lock making, and tools, 
 particularly of tools used in mining, and farming implements. Then 
 comes a collection of woods, comprising about twenty varieties, together 
 with an instrument for measuring trees, and specimens of pitch and tar : 
 
 
 
283 
 
 AE QE QU LS QE LC ——_—_—_——— 
 o 
 
 a collection of agricultural produce, breadstuffs, seeds and undressed 
 wools : of the sledges and furs of the north; leather and stufled birds. 
 
 Then come the German States of Baden, Bavaria, Wurtemburg and 
 Hesse, whose united collection is particularly remarkable, (besides the 
 articles exhibited here by all the States) for tobacco, leather, paper, 
 tools and instruments assembled in the form of a trophy; soaps, furs 
 millstones, candles, chemical and distilled preparations, and for fire 
 engines. 
 
 Prussia exhibits splendid specimens of the products of her iron and 
 copper mines, and of the tools used by the miners; in the midst of the 
 nave is placed, on an immense platform, a vast apparatus for distilling, 
 comprising five great copper cauldrons ; to the mineralogical collection 
 of Prussia is added a fine geological map, the bust of Humboldt, and 
 cast statuettes of the twelve apostles, one-fifth of the size of life ; several 
 bells of various sizes, in cast steel, are ranged in the midst of the Prussian 
 division, they are of magnificent tone, the largest weighs nearly 6,000 
 pounds, and is worth £440 of our Canadian money; this exhibition is 
 completed by articles of the kinds already enumerated in other countries, 
 amongst which we specially remark the fine wools of Prussia, the finest 
 in the world, together with those of Austria and Spain. 
 
 Austria has raised in the centre of this section of her exhibition a vast 
 trophy of about twenty-five feet in height, made in the shape of a bottle, the 
 exterior of which is formed by an immense quantity of bottles, contain- 
 ing Austrian wines ; then comes a collection of minerals ; a fine collection 
 of woods, amongst which we observe some superb fir planks, prepared for 
 the making of boxes; agricultural produce and farming implements ; 
 earthenware of various kinds ; collections of soaps and stearine candles ; 
 then a collection of saddles and other articles of saddlery ; and a multi- 
 tude of other artieles, amongst which we must not forget the fine wools 
 and fieeces of Austria, whose provinces of Hungary, Silesia and Moravia 
 sell the finest at very low prices. 
 
 The products of Belgium, which come next, are entirely of the same 
 description with those already enumerated, excepting only, the spendid 
 productions of the zinc mines, amongst which 1s remarkable, a fine 
 block of calamine stone, and geological maps of great merit. 
 
 We now enter upon the domain of France, which here occupies about 
 half the entire area of the annexe, that is {o say, a space of about 2000 
 feet, or very nearly 10 acres in length, by nearly 75 feet, which is the 
 eutire width. The collection which now presents itself and which in 
 importance is probably the most considerable in the whole exhibition, is 
 the metallurgic collection, amongst which, together with à crowd of 
 articles mannfactured from iron, copper, steel, lead and zinc, cast, 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 éme mme à ne 
 
 moulded and laminated, we particularly admire the fountains, the 
 stoves and furnaces, the mantel pieces, the tools of every description, 
 the copper cauldrons, the vessels, the bells,. the plates of iron, copper 
 and steel, the sheet iron, iron and steel bars, the cable Chaïins, rails 
 for railroads, a fine collection of the tools, instruments and apparatus 
 used in mining, a large collection of hardware, patterns of trip ham- 
 mers, wWeighing 16,000 pounds, and lastly, specimens of large and small 
 pieces of cast and wrought iron. 
 
 Then comes a collection of charcoal and other fuel produced in France, 
 and belonging to this class is à splendid trophy, representing with the 
 most minute exactness, a portion of the mines of Anzin, the method of 
 Working them, the tenth of the natural size ; there we see the geological 
 Strata of the soil, the shafts now being worked with miners at work, the 
 machinery employed in the transport and extraction of the coal, in fact, 
 everything connected with the underground labor of these poor miners. 
 
 Close to the articles just enumerated, we find, first, a large and beautiful 
 collection of watches, clocks, and instruments pertaining to astronomy and 
 the exact arts, photographie, distilling and other apparatus, chemical 
 Preparations and the instruments for preparing them, a collection of scales, 
 marbles and other mineral productions ; then a collection of articles of 
 perfumery, and above all we must not forget the fine collection of pre- 
 parations of human and comparative anatomy, contributed by Doctor 
 Auzoux. ; 
 
 Here are displayed the productions of some of the French colonies ; 
 Martinique, among other minerals, exhibits a volcanic stone, used for filtering 
 Water ; cabinet-maker’s woods and dye stuffs, bees-wax, honev, tobacco, 
 manioc, liqueurs, and Caribbean vessels ; Guadaloupe exhibits principally, 
 coffee, cocoa, vanilla, Cassia, Cottons, cochineal, dried fruits and lquors, 
 and hammocks made from the fibres of the pita tree. The Islands of 
 Bourbon and Réunion contribute minerals, woods, particularly ebony, 
 and indigenous productions consisting chiefly of spices, oils and gums. 
 From Pondicherry they have sent spices, dye-woods and different varieties 
 Of raw silks. Senegal and Gambia have contributed elephants’ teeth, gum 
 copal and other gums, caoutchouc, the natural productions, together with 
 the arms, fabrics, dresses and vessels used by the inhabitants of these sin- 
 gular countries. 
 
 Alviers, beautiful already and full of promise, comes next after these 
 smaller colonies. In the section of substances of the mineral kingdom, we 
 must notice the splendid onyx ; an agate, the transpaency and brilliancy 
 of which rendered it one of the most esteemed articles of Roman luxury ; 
 and in the fine collection of the woods of Algiers we cannot but admire 
 that beautiful red bird’s-eye cedar, and the Thuya wood, which, except in 
 
 
 
285 
 
 re 
 
 color, greatly resembles the bird’s-eye maple of Canada. The collection 
 of agricultural products of Algiers has been formed into a trophy, in which 
 the splendid grain is admirably displayed, among which the fine ripe wheat 
 is most remarkable. Many specimens of cotton give magnificent promise 
 of future greatness for Algiers in that manufacture.  Amidst all this wealth 
 of production, we find arms, ornaments, utensils and tissues of Arab manu- 
 facture ; an illustration of. the productive talent of that noble race who now 
 dwell in tents, after having been lords of the halls of Grenada and the 
 Alhambra. 
 
 We have now reached that point in the annexe where it is divided by a 
 beautiful fountain, the basin of which is embellished with a gigantic aquatic 
 plant of bronze of the natural colors. : ‘fhe leaves of the water lily are 
 neither more verdant nor more flexible than these metallic leaves, its flow- 
 ers are not whiter, nor its stamens more slender. 
 
 We are stillin the French department, and have now reached that part of 
 the annexe termed the machinery section, because nearly at this place com- 
 mences that driving shaft which derives its motive power from mighty steam 
 engines placed without the building, and which in its turn communicates it to 
 hundreds of machines the parts of which were in all directions, in general mo- 
 tion, like a meeting of the Shakers, or dancing Dervishes. It will be recol- 
 lected that, at the Lotion Exhibition, the managers had provided for the work- 
 ing of the English machinery only, and that ein exhibitors had no chance 
 to compete with their English rivals. But here the motive power 1s sup- 
 plied without limit, and gratuitonsl y. to all nations and allexhibitors. Here 
 are twelve Canadian machines inmotion. The driving shaft here mentioned 
 is not less than 1500 feet in length, and. turns 100 times in a minute. AI 
 who require motive power can obtain it on a simple requisition: the wheel 
 is fixed, the strap attached, and the machine is at once in motion ! 
 
 Around the fountain above mentioned are exhibited vast cranes, for 
 raising heavy weights, one of which can raise 72,000 Ibs. 
 
 It would be an endless task, and would defeat the end which I have pro- 
 posed to myself, to particularize each individual machine, which is here 
 exhibited : I must therefore generalize. 
 
 France exhibits numerous pie RAT several of which are of colossal 
 power, portable steam engines also, and many other engines and machines 
 accessory 10 the use of steam ; liée for boring the earth ; grist and saw 
 mills, machines for the or of metals and Ron. for the re and 
 moulding of plastic earths, for Hoking coins and RAD and for the Deus 
 ture of chocolate ; looms for the fabrication of cashmere shawls, and other em- 
 broidered tissues ; sewing machines; a circular machinefor the mechanical 
 performance of netting; an apparatus for the rapid preparation of coffee, 
 which: is almost miraculous in its effects; presses of all kinds, among them 
 
 
 
mms 
 
 à Copying press, and one for the fabrication of cards à machine for making 
 envelopes ; à machine to saw the hardest stone; one for cork cutting; 
 another for washing bottles; a contrivance for making various articles of 
 metal ; models and apparatus of all kinds ; mechanical reels for winding 
 silk ; and a host of machines for combing, carding, spinning and wWeaving 
 cotton, wool, silk and linen : fire engines and pumps of all kinds and for 
 various purposes, 
 
 Next after the exhibition of French machinery are those of Belgium, 
 Austria, Prussia, Zollverein, England, Canada, the United States, Holland, 
 Sweden and Norway. The five first mentioned countriesexhibit specimens 
 Of the same machines as France, but in much smaller number ; England 
 the most; Canada, the United States and some others, have only a few 
 machines, which will be mentioned hereafter. 
 
 In the Belgian collection we notice an iron Stern-post and rudder for a 
 vessel of 2000 tons, and a machine for composing and distributing type. 
 
 In the Austrian section are carriages, among which is that of the Mayor 
 of Vienna, fire engines and a steam pump, locomotives, and a fine model 
 of an hydraulic press. 
 
 In the joint compartment of Prussia and the Zollverein we find, besides 
 such articles as the above, fire engines, a book binder’s press, and car- 
 riages. 
 
 England exhibits, amidst numerous articles of 
 
 | 
 
 ” 
 
 the classes mentioned 
 
 above, many of them very remarkable, cotton ooms, several beautiful 
 
 al power, a testino ma- 
 
 : 
 1 æ 
 
 | 
 
 1 
 carriages, fire cngines, a pump acting by centrifu 
 chine for chain cables, and a model of the various parts of the ship of 
 
 (8 y 
 © 
 
 23,000 tons, which is now building in London, under the direction of Mr. 
 Brunel. 
 
 ere Canada exhibits planing, morticing and boring machines, work- 
 benches and turning-lathes, and finally, à nail-cutting machine. 
 
 The United States exhibit a few steam engines, a machine for making 
 screw nuts at one stroke, one for cleaning rags, pumps of various kinds, 
 and à few other machines or elements of mechanism. 
 
 Among Steam and other engines from the North of Europe, we mus 
 not omit to notice a steam engine for a screw steamer, from the manufac- 
 tory of Motala in Sweden, which involves a new principle in the manner of 
 its adaptation. | 
 
 We here terminate our piigrimage through these vast and numerous 
 halls, the receptacles of the Universal Exhibition of Paris in 1855. This 
 great scene of peaceful rivalry was closed on Thursday, 15th November, by 
 the Emperor, with Roman pomp and maghnificence. 
 
 
 
nd Be dd f-TEREE MMÉAENE 
 
 THIRD SERIES. 
 STUDIES OF THE CLASSES. 
 
 Before I proceed to a cursory review of the twenty-eight classes of the 
 Exhibition which composed its industrial section, together with the 31st 
 class comprising the cheap articles, it is proper that I should make a rapid 
 survey of the Canadian Department, so far as such a survey may be avail- 
 able to lead us to profit by examnles and comparisons ; I shall accordingly 
 say a few words concerning the Canadian part of the Exhibition in respect 
 ot its practical uses, before I proceed to examine the several classes of 
 productions. 
 
 À 
 CANADIAN SECTION COMPARED. 
 
 Inthe first class, embracing all that relates to the extraction of mineral 
 substances, and to the minerals themselves, we were among the last, and 
 far behind most countries, in regard to metallurgical operations, for the very 
 simple reason that we are deficient in the population and capital which 
 carry on, and still more deficient in the men of science, who in France, 
 England, Ausria, Prussia, Belgium and other countries direct and en- 
 lighten, the labors of the min?, But ifwe proceed to an examination of the 
 minerals in their natural state, our section at once assumed the first rank, 
 and no country was in a condition to compete with us for a moment, either 
 in the aggregate or the details of the department. The class of Canadian 
 minerals was the most complete and had the advantages of displaying at a 
 glance to the lea rned observer the geological configuration of the country, 
 with reference to the industrial results which it may yield. For this suc- 
 cess, which is a mere repetition of that obtained at London in 1851, 
 Canada is indebted entirely to the geological commissioners ; and this 
 shews to demonstration, the necessity of continuing the labors of that com- 
 mission on a more liheral scale. We possess in the bosom of the earth the 
 untouched riches, which in England have been the main element of in- 
 dustrial and commercial greatness ; but the conditions of progress towards 
 
 
 
OR PR Co 
 ——— eo _ ——————© 
 
 
 
 that g'eatness, are the light of science, and extensive enterprise. Mining 
 Operations cannot be profitably conducted on a small scale. 
 
 en we reflect that the iron which abounds in Canada is nearly of the 
 same quality as that of Sweden, that it is found in places, surround:d by 
 immense forests, and that, we have at handthe stone, sand, and other 
 matters which are necessary for the smélting, moulding and casting of the 
 metal, we may well wonder that everÿ year we import from England, 
 Sweden and the. United States manufactured iron to the amount of more 
 than £1,000,000. But, we must again observe, success attends such enter- 
 prises, only when undertaken on a grand scale, whatever the abundance of 
 the raw material. The working of an iron mine is not for limited means, 
 nor 10 be carried on on a petty scale. A cheap market must be a fall market, 
 In Europe blast furnaces are now built. capable of smelting 80,000 Ibs. per 
 diem. The want of coke in Canada, be it observed, does not oppose an 
 obstacle to the successful prosecution of iron-works. Ours is a country 
 of rich forests 270,000 square miles in extent. Sweden smelts her iron 
 with charcoal only, and sells it to England for a paying price ; the English 
 convert it into steel and send it to other countries. Other European 
 countries use charcoal, notwithstanding the general scarcity and dearness 
 of wood in Europe. 
 
 Examining the different articles of cast-iron, which are exhibited in the 
 annexe by the water-side, and comparing them with similar articles sent 
 from Canada, we are impressed with a feeling of their superiority, not in the 
 quality of the material, but, in respect of taste and appropriateness of 
 design. Most of the designs of such ornaments of our production are 
 fnightfully ugly, and generally speaking,-the weight is preposterous. We 
 are lavish of materials, not only needlessly but even injurious|y, as affecting 
 the excellence of the articles made. If we expended the value of the 
 superfluous material in taste of design, we should produce cheaper 
 and better articles. 
 
 The second class, embracing the products of the forest advanced us to 
 the foremost rank, both as producers and as manufacturers. No country 
 could compete with us inthe show of woods, and particularly of the kinds 
 used in ship-building, including in the estimate all the various species. 
 In this class are included, moreover, all the products of the chase and the 
 fisheries, in which departments the Gulf, and the vast territories of the 
 Saguenay and the North-west, place us beyond competition if not as pro- 
 ducers, at least as proprietors ofthe finest field for production, in the whole 
 world, 
 
 In ütilitarian respects, it is plain that the Canadian department of the 
 Exhibition was foremost in the class, now under consideration. - A few 
 
 
 
om 3. — mme PIRE PE PS9 = 
 
 remarks on the modeof getting out the timber, as bearing on the subse- 
 quent application of it in the mechanic arts, will not be out of place. 
 
 In lumbering, as the making of timber is termed in Canada, just that 
 amount of intelligence is brought into action, which is required for the 
 squaring of the logs, and the sa ving of them into the planks of com- 
 merce. None of that skill of woodcraft is exercised which turns to the 
 best and most profitable account the various species, by attending to their 
 several degrees of adaptation to the mechanic arts, and to the prepara- 
 tion to be expended on them to make them fit for market. As before 
 observed, two things only are known, square timber and the plank three 
 inches thick. À more recondite study of the application of timber to the 
 mechanic arts, would instruct us in the fact, that there are conditions of 
 length, girth and diameter required in those arts, by the influence of which, 
 the square log of 50 feet long by 20 inches square, and plank of 12 feet 
 by 10 inches lose their intrinsic value as compared with that higher value 
 which is derivable from compliance with those conditions. How many 
 are the trees left to rot in the forest because they are not reducible to a 
 saw-log of the standard measure or à square stick of the required dimen- 
 sions? which, trimmed to another form, would in other markets bear a 
 greater value, though diminished in volume. 
 
 Of more than sixty principal species of timber which we possess, we 
 make profitable use of scarcely ten, the rest are left to absolute decay. In 
 Europe the birds-eye maple is considered as equal to the most precious 6f 
 the woods used in cabinet-work. [Itis indeed hardly attainable, and when 
 found, it bears a higher price than mahogany. From this cause arises the 
 dearness of all the articles made of maple in the Parisian cabinet-work, 
 the finest in the world. 
 
 The axe-handles, wooden shovels and other small articles of this kina 
 attracted much admiration and some surprise at their cheapness, especially 
 the doors, casements, and window-blinds. These branches of our indus- 
 trial skill and labor will no doubt receive a great impulse, and à wider 
 field of operation in à country abounding with material, where water- 
 power is found at every point, and where âll the conditions are found 
 which are requisite for extensive enterprise, and production at a cheap 
 rate. 
 
 These remarks will, E trust, be not altogether unprofitable. They are 
 but hints, but they may serve to guide reflecting minds in the consideration of 
 subjects which are highly important to all. From this Exhibition of 1855 
 will be derived a collection of facts, aflording food for years of reflection 
 and leading to conclusions, the bearing of which onthe national prosperity 
 of nations, and on the progress of the arts, can be as yet but little appreci- 
 ated. The preliminary study of these, in the aggregate, must precede 
 
 T 
 
 
 
em 
 
 = mm 
 
 ne > 
 
 mr — 
 
  — 
 
 = ET 2 2 = 
 gr Lake D PE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A  — eo — oo É S - si 
 
 
 
 ——— 
 
 that of the details. Thisis my object in these observations, and I pursue 
 it as far as time and space permit me. 
 
 The class of Agricultural productions, properly so called, which is the 
 third, taken as a whole, found us on a level with the foremost. Our grain 
 won the admiration of all who saw it. I must not fail to notice the remark, 
 generally made, that we neglect the cultivation of hemp, of flax, and of 
 tobacco, which our soil is so well suited to produce in abundance and of 
 excellent quality. These three articles, especially the last, may be made 
 the source of immense profit. The demand for hemp is increasing in à 
 ratio much greater than that of its production, and this independently of 
 the occasional seasons of scarcity which occur in respect of all other natural 
 productions. The vast increase of the shipping of all nations, has for many 
 years past produced a scarcity of those articles in which hemp is required 
 as a material. Those articles have now reached fabulous prices, prices 
 which may, to a certain extent, interfere with the success of our ship- 
 building, a pursuit so intimately connected with our prosperit y. 
 = In a description of the visits paid by Prince Napoleon to the Exhibition, 
 we read ‘ Canada inakes a brilliant display of its prodnctions : its specimens 
 of grain, fruit, flowers, and bread-stuffs of various kinds, attract the at- 
  tention and challenge the admiration of the world. "The pains which the 
 ‘€ Commissioners and delegates of Canada have taken, entitle them to the 
 ‘ praises which Prince Napoleon has more than once bestowed on their part 
 € of the Exhibition”? 
 
 Canada took its place therefore among those countries which acquired 
 distinction, by the rarity, the beauty, and the importance of the produce of 
 their soil We were the very first in abundance and quality. Some 
 countries excelled us in the classification of the substances which they 
 exhibited, and a graduated arrangement was wanting in ours, which the 
 Commissioners could by no means accomplish at the season at which they 
 made their collection. TL 'allude to the display of the ear with the stalk, 
 shewing to the visitor the complete production of nature as it was gathered. 
 The juries, and commissioners in general, attached great importance to 
 these collections of plants, scientifically made, finding that they furnish 
 valuable data for the study of the influence of climate and various modes 
 of culture, as favoring the development of the whole plant, or certain of its 
 parts. To sum up allin one word,—we stand before the world, at the Uni- 
 versal Exhibition, as a country eminently agricultural, and inferior to none 
 in respect to the faculty of production 
 
 Apart from the merit of excellence in quality, our display of grain and 
 seeds possessed that of variety and an abundance of each kind. This latter 
 cireumstance enabled us to make exchanges : and the varieties which we 
 thus acquired may put us in the way of making experiments, the results of 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 which may be important. Algeria, in particular, furnished us with some 
 novelties which promise to be valuable, 
 
 We had but few articles in the fourth class, which consisted of mechani- 
 cal inventions applied to manufactures ; neither could we hope to be dis- 
 tinguished in this department in a comparison with European countries, 
 except by our fire engines, a particular in which we have rivals, but no 
 superiors. ‘ Canada,” Prince Napoleon observed, ‘ distinguished itself in 
 this class by two fire-engines.” 
 
 Reference can be made, for the particulars of each class, to the recapitula- 
 tion of the preminms awarded, which is annexed to this sketch. 
 
 In the fifth class—mechanics applied to locomotion and the means of 
 transport—our contributions of products of the carriage builder and the 
 saddler, bore favorable comparison, for their tastefulness and excellence, with 
 articles of ordinary merit, notwithstanding the extraordinary number of 
 exhibitors. 
 
 Having first recommended visitors to proceed to the annexe for the ex- 
 press purpose of examining the two Canadian vehicles, to which he assigns 
 a prominent rank in the Exhibition, M. Tresca, the author of a work on 
 the Exhibition, goes on to say, ‘‘ these carriages are elegant in form, and 
 ‘ the iron-work, especially, 1s very carefully managed. They are creditable 
 “to the taste of the builders. M. Clovis Leduc has, however, built his 
 € Americaine’ with a head which has long since gone out of fashion, and 
 € which diminishes its effect ; and M. Edouard Gingras’ carriage is hung 
 too low, “ and has too low wheels, a fault which disturbs the harmonv of 
 € parts which should exist in all carriages.”? 
 
 Our two clever builders will forgive the candor of these remarks. Our 
 object 1s not to flatter, but to instruct and to encourage ; and while they 
 turn this criticism to profitable account, our mechanics may find consolation 
 in the reflection, that neither men nor carriages are fauliless, even at the Ex- 
 hibition. | 
 
 The sixth class concerns the mechanical powers applied to special pur- 
 poses, and the materials used in manufactures. Ît was impossible for us 
 to enter into serious competition in this class, considered in its fullest ex- 
 tent. We are, in the New World, far from the perfection which has been 
 attained in France, England, and Belgium, in point of workmanship. I say 
 in point of workmanship, because there are new American inventions, par- 
 ticularly in agricultural implements, im which the mechanic principle is 
 incontestably superior. In this class, we did all that could be expected 
 from us. 
 
 M. Tresca, of the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers, whom we have before 
 mentioned, notices Mr. Munro’s planing machine, Mr. McLennon’s morticing 
 machine, to which the author awards the merit of a new principle in the 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 [Et 
 
 LÀ | 
 AE | 
 4 où 
 
 (! 
 
 | Î 
 | 
 L 
 
 t| 
 L 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 arrangement for working inside and outside at the same time, Mr. Rodden’s 
 trenail machine, and the planing machine and work-bench of the same 
 gentleman. The last mentioned article elicited from the writer the following 
 remark :—** This machine although not remarkable in any one ofits details, 
 ‘* becomes so for the extreme simplicity of its mounting and fittings, its 
 ‘ small bulk, and its cheapness, the price being only £100.” 
 
 We made no contribution to the seventh class, which embraced mechanism 
 applied to the textile art. The same may be said respecting the eight, 
 which relates to the exact arts, and comprises optical and mathematical in- 
 struments, clocks and watches, and apparatus for purposes of education ; 
 neither do we enter the lists in the ninth, which includes articles designed 
 to ecouomise light, heat and electricity : in this, however, we have our 
 cooking stoves. 
 
 In the tenth class, relating to chemistry, dying, printing, paper making, 
 book-binding, we contributed nothing which could ve compared with simi- 
 lar production from European states, except in respect of the raw material, 
 which, strictly speaking, belongs to other classes. T'he leather of the por- 
 pois, caribou, and moose skin, will very probably be the subject of a special 
 article, in the report of the Jury. 
 
 In this part of the Exhibition we display some novelties in manufactures : 
 such as the leathers above mentioned, vegetable oils, the products of par- 
 ticular species peculiar to Canada, à natural grey paint, furs dyed the 
 natural colors, and paper made from the ‘ immortelle ?” (gnaphalium.) 
 
 Our specimens of glue seemed to find favor; but in that prepared from 
 fish a fault was remarked, which I shall mention in order that it may be 
 avoided. Itis the disagrecable odor of the fish, from which the European 
 article is entirely freed. It appears that this smell depends altogether on 
 the manner of preparation ; and that, to avoid it, it is only necessary, after 
 the product is once obtained, to avoid, in all subsequent stages of manipu- 
 lation, contact with any utensil, tool, vessel, or even the hand of the 
 manipulator, which has been touched by the raw material. 
 
 The eleventh class, that of prepared alimentary substances, found us, as 
 producers of preserved fruits and meats, behind other exhibitors ; but 
 crowned us with great success in flour, ours being generally superior to any 
 exhibited. Our cheese also received a premium. 
 
 Canada and British Guiana do honor to the mother country,” M. Tresca 
 remarks in his book entitled, ‘ À Visit to the Exhibition, ‘ by their flour 
 ‘ and their starch.” 
 
 Some of our natural productions of the province of pharmaceutics have 
 shewn, by the notice which they have received, what profit might be ex- 
 pected from a complete botanical exploration of our country. 
 
 DCR 
 
293 
 
 ——— a ———— —— oo tr 
 ot - ee 
 
 mt 
 
 The thirteenth class, relating to ship-building and the military art, ex- 
 hibited on the part of Canada, beautiful models of ocean and river steamers 
 and apparatus for rescuing life and property from shipwrecked vessels. In 
 these departments Quebec has produced models worthy of the first dock- 
 yards in the world. 
 
 In the fourteenth class, that of civil architecture, although inferior in 
 relation to the whole, and nearly unrepresented in respect of the monumen- 
 tal section of this department, one compartment attracted considerable 
 notice by the display of models of our publie works, and the exhibition of 
 wood prepared for building purposes, as doors, window sashes and blinds. 
 These became the objects of much notice at Paris on account of their cieap- 
 ness. The general use of the cements of Quebec and Thoroïld cannot be 
 too strongly recommended. Our building stone from Montreal and other 
 places were also much admired, and the collection of marbles, exhibited by 
 different persons, gave great éclat to this section of our department. 
 
 The fifteenth class contained articles of steel. In this department we 
 exhibited nothing but edged tools, but they were so superior in temper 
 and form to nearly all others, that our success was, comparatively, very 
 great. When it is remembered that iron of a quality admirably adapted for 
 the fabrication of this material is abundant in Canada, the reflection should 
 lead our views to the production of an article so constantly in demand, 50 
 extensively used. Some countries import the kind of irox which is suitable 
 for the manufacture of steel ; but we possess in ourselves all the elements 
 of this important source of wealth, and yet we import the steel of which 
 we make these tools so superior in quality. 
 
 Our eastings—entering into the sixteenth class—were not without merit; 
 but yet we have much to learn in an art which has been carried to so high 
 a degree of perfection in Europe, especially in tastefulness of design. In 
 respect of quality, without attaining the perfection of some countries, our 
 productions are on à par with those of other countries in general, and this 
 we owe to the superior quality of our ore. 
 
 The seventeenth and eighteenth classes contained articles of jewelry, 
 bronzes, glass and earthenware. In all these departments We are absolutely 
 deficient, and we must long be satisfied with the production of articles of 
 bare necessity, and with purchasing from Europe those articles of luxury 
 which in France, England, Austria, Prussia and Belgium have attained 
 incredible perfection. 
 
 In the manufacture of cotton, occupying the nineteenth class, we had 
 nothing to shew. 
 
 In the twentieth class, that of woollen goods, we had many articles of 
 cloths and cheap tissues, particularly of domestic manufacture. Articles 
 of this kind were in a manner lost in the vast collection; but nevertheless 
 
 DR — 
 
 k 
 
 M 
 K 
 
 
 

 
 5 
 ee + 
 FE Fe 
 
 294 
 
 EE me ne — EE mt mer mr 
 
 
 
 
 
 it was evident that our country cloths are, for durability and strength, 
 considered to be admirably adapted to our climate. The mode of fabrica- 
 tion, at home, is moreover connected with our social condition, in as 
 much as it militates against the centralization of the people, a state in 
 which individuality of character, for which the people of Canada are now 
 happily remarkable, is usually lost, 
 
 Nature had denied us the means of contributing anything to the twenty- 
 first class, that of silks. 
 
 À few articles of the twenty-second class—that of fabrics of hemp and 
 linen—and particularly a collection of very good cordages and specimens 
 of linen spun by the hand, sufficed to make us regret that this department 
 had not received from us all the attention which it deserved. This neglect 
 is the less to be excused as the soil and climate of Canada are eminent|y 
 suited to the culture of the material. 
 
 The twenty-third class comprised hosiery, tissues, gold and silver lace, 
 embroidery and thread lace, Although we were not quite unprovided with 
 articles in this department, which were above mediocrity, it is needless to 
 remark that we could have no pretensions to excellence, compared with 
 the aggregate of products of the kind : yet we received for our collection 
 a medal of the second class, and two pretty pieces of worsted work obtained 
 honorable mention. 
 
 The manufactures connected with furnishing and the decorative art 
 formed the twenty-fourth class, in which Canada numbered thirteen exhi- 
 bitors ; the beauty ofour woods, shewn in veneering and cabinet-work, 
 particularly that of the curled maple, the novelty of the dressed skins em- 
 broidered with moose hair, and the curiosity excited by the sight of the 
 rocking-chairs, unknown in Europe, produced an interest, and achieved a 
 degree of success, difficult to be attained by ordinary means and effurts. 
 
 In the twenty-fifth class, which comprehended clothing and articles of 
 fashion and elegant taste, we exhibited many beautiful objects, and main- 
 tained a highly successful competition. Our shoes and boots of porpoise 
 and caribou leather, straw and hay bats, Indian curiosities, and embroiïdery, 
 obtained the admiration of many, and marked distinction from the Jury, 
 which will be particularized in the recapitulation of the premiums. Our 
 misfortune was that European exhibitors sent collections, while we could 
 send only a few articles: now, supposing his merit to be no more than 
 equal, assuming even that it is inferior, an exhibitor of a collection has 
 
 great advantages in the opinion of a Jury, who are not apt to care greatly 
 for single articles. Our boots and shoes, fur coats, Indian curiosities, straw 
 and hay bats, and embroïidery in wool, and especially our elothes of country- 
 cloth in the score of comfort and substantial value, attracted the notice of 
 many visitors, and were certainly entitled to receive it. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
295 
 
 
 
 
 
 gt 
 
 
 
 The twenty-sixth class comprised articles connected with printing, 
 photography and engraving. We are of course, in these matters, far be- 
 hind, particularly in the evidences of taste ; and the success which we did 
 attain was trifling, and the premium awarded only to stimulate and 
 encourage. A still greater deficiency was to be expected in the next class, 
 the twenty-seventh, being that of musical instruments. We have already 
 seen that the twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth and thirtieth had reference to 
 the fine arts, and that Canada exhibited nothing of the kind. 
 
 The reader will perceive that, in this rapid sketch, [ have not entered 
 into details, but merely generalized facts as they occurred, in the aggre- 
 gate. | 
 
 One thing gave a degree of comparative merit to our section, on which 
 we heard many flattering remarks. This was the unity of idea, which 
 had guided us in the collection. Our exhibition was complete, and fairly 
 represented the industrial progress of the country as well as its natural 
 resources. 
 
 I may conclude these remarks by observing, that our success in the 
 classes of mineral wealth, forest products and agricultural produce, plainiy 
 points to the cultivation of the soil and the natural advantages, as the 
 source of our future prosperity ; that in manufacturing, it is our interest to 
 fabricate articles of which our metallurgical, woodland, and agricultural 
 labors furnish the materials ; that in other branches of manufactures, we 
 cannot for a long time hope to produce more than what is necessary for 
 ordinary consumption and daily domestic service ; that for articles of taste, 
 of perfection in art, and luxury we must resort to Europe to satisfy the 
 wants created by advanced civilization ; that we are to remain convinced, 
 that perfection is the work of time and the result of circumstances which 
 cannot exist in a new country, a very growing population partly composed 
 of Emigrants. 
 
 IL. 
 
 Before entering in this section of our remarks, I must premise that the 
 official classification of industrial products, recognized seven groups, 
 composed, in the aggregaie, of 27 classes. To them was added a 
 supplementary class, termed that of domestic economy, comprizing cheap 
 articies of food, clothing, furniture, and domestic furniture and dwellings. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * Most of the technological and statistical information contained in these remarks was 
 collected from works published on the spot, particularly from the Account of the Visits of 
 Prince Napoleon from Mr. Tresca’s work, and from articles in the journals La Patrie and Le 
 Monde Industriel ; the remainder are the results of the visits and personal observation of the 
 author—(J. C. Taché.) 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 FFTRST GROUP. 
 NATURAL PRODUCTS. 
 Classes 1, 2, 8. 
 
 The countries which were most distinguished for the result of metallurgy, 
 forming the first class of articles exhibited, are England, Belgium, France, 
 Austria, Sweden, and Prussia. In respect to the quality of iron, as the 
 element of the manufactures in question, the six countries take rank as 
 [ollows : Sweden, Belgium, Prussia, Austria, France and England. In 
 reference to the quantity produced and brought to market, whether for 
 home consumption, or exportation, they are classed as follows: England, 
 France, Austria, Prussia, Sweden and Belgium. This distribution of 
 precedence is made irrespectively of population, or extent of territory, and 
 as the result merely of statistical facts.* 
 
 The iron of Sweden, which is the best, is manufactured with cha: coal. 
 lis quality is not the effect of the particular mode of smelting, but is 
 entirely owing to the quality of the ore and of the use of charcoal for fuel, 
 It is well known that England receives this superior kind of iron from 
 Sweden, for the purpose of manufacturing it into steel, for which purpose 
 the inferior quality of iron, so abundant in England, is not suitable, 
 
 England has always held the first rank in the iron-trade, in respect of 
 quantity. This is due, not only to the enterprising spirit of the country, but 
 to the abundance of iron-ore and coal, contained in its bosom, and 
 accompanied by all other matters useful and necessary in its production. 
 England was the first, half a century ago, to use steam ir the blast 
 furnaces, to substitute the flatting mill for the hammer, and coke for 
 charcoal, 
 
 The exhibitors who are most distinguished, belonging to the several 
 countries mentioned, for the manufacture of iron, are: for England, the 
 Bowling Iron Company, and the Rimney Iron Company ; for France, 
 Messrs. Chenot, the Montataire Iron Company, and the Company of La 
 Fonderie de Conches ; for Belgium, the Iron Works of Couillet and Selessin ; 
 for Austria the Comte d’Egger, and the administration of the Iron Works 
 
 belonging to Prince Schwarzenberg ; for Prussia, the manufactory of 
 cast-steel of Essen and that of Bochum. It is not useless to make 
 mention of those names, as a matter of general information. 
 
 France and Belgium are the two counties which are most distinguished 
 for recent improvements. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * These remarks are altogether general in their indications ; and are meant, rather to point 
 out the necessity of enquiry, than to convey exact information. 
 
 
 
297 
 
 
 
 Among the manufacturers and companies above mentioned, we notice 
 M. Chenot, as making use of a peculiar method which gives great re- 
 sults. This metallurgist treats the ore with gas and obtains the metal 
 in a spongy state. Îtis not yet ascertained how far this method may be 
 applied on a large scale ; one thing is certain that it must have some 
 useful result in one way or another. 
 
 The beautiful sheet iron of Austria is well known, it is as thin as de- 
 licate sheets of paper, and perfect in texture. This is of incredible 
 beauty. 
 
 What lightness is found in therailings, the iron seais, &c., of the English 
 manufacture of the Coalbrookdale Company in Shropshire, and how 
 cheap also are the articles? The reason is plain, the purchaser has not 
 to pay for a load of useless iron. 
 
 What elegance there is in the stoves and other articles of French 
 manufacture, from the blast furnaces of the Marquis de Vogué of France ? 
 These designs of hunting and historical scenes are bas-reliefs of art, and 
 the articles are not dearer on that account, because the material is not 
 wasted ; and as to the casting, the beautiful costs no more than the most 
 deformed piece that ever was moulded. This is now generally under- 
 stood ; and in England where art is less perfect than in France and Bel- 
 gium, the proprietors of founderies endeavor to procure artists from those 
 two countries. À French sculptor, M. Geneste, is, at this moment, in the 
 receipt of a salary of £2000 per annum from an English manufacturer. 
 
 The art of combining the useful with the agreeable ïs the climax of 
 material progress. The study of the beautiful in art, is, to the intel- 
 —ectual man, what the study of truth is to his moral existence ; but we 
 shall return to this subject when descanting on those classes which relate 
 to the various uses of iron. 
 
 We now come to the second class which includes the results of the 
 woodland occupations, of hunting, fishing, and some other pursuits, the 
 object of which is the collection, not the culture of the productions of 
 nature. 
 
 [n scientific respects, and in respect of variety, Spain occupied the 
 first place in the exhibition, of products of the forest. The admirable 
 Spanish collection presented 600 different species, and derived immense 
 importance from the idea of shewing, with specimens of the woods, 
 those of the bark, leaves, flowers, and fruits ofthe trees and shrubs. he 
 beautiful cork trees of Seville and Salamanca were particular objects of 
 admiration. The Spanish exhibition had been prepared under the aus- 
 pices of the Royal Forest Institutes of Villa Viciosa, It will be seen 
 that individual energy and the spirit of association are the strongest 
 springs of improvement in the arts of life, in respect of abundant pro- 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 re qe 
 e 
 
 
 
 298 
 
 ES 
 
 
 
 
 
 duction and varied transactions, the singleness of action and enlarged 
 intelligence of government are necessary to the success of those full and 
 material courses of study on which depends the progress of the scientific 
 vehicle of the arts, and the forward movement of mankind in the path 
 of improvement. Thus in France, the skill of the planter has succeeded 
 in producing, for exhibition in 1855, pines and oaks of which the seed 
 Was sown in 1850, in the Landes of St. Albin, and which now measure 
 12 feet in height, by a girth of 12 inches. As these reflexions have led 
 us 0 France, it is fit that we should invite the attention of the studious 
 in such matters to the injection of the lighter woods, from which process 
 they acquire durability and several other qualities important from the 
 uses 10 which they are applied. Something analagous to this is the 
 
 neW process exhibited by Sardinia for the staining of woods ; the speci- 
 mens exhibited were of beech. 
 
 Sweden exhibited a fine collection of oak, pine and beach for ship- 
 building purposes, and Norway one consisting of planks of commerce 
 combined in the form of a pyramid with great effect. 
 
 Austria was likewise distinguished for its exhibition of articles of the 
 second class, and obtained the admiration of all, by a fine collection of 
 thin boards of that celebrated Moravian fir which is in such request 
 among musical instrument makers. Inits qualities, this fir appears 
 to bear à perfect resemblance to the large white fir of the lower St. 
 
 Lawrence, of which no use is made in Canada, although it yields a 
 very fine board. 
 
 Algeria, which with Canada stood on a par with the countries of the 
 second rank, presented one of the finest collections, comprising among 
 others the cedar, the olive, the thuya or cître, the cactus, and the cork- 
 ak. Considerable quatities of these woods are already exported from 
 that Country, and the commerce is increasing daily. Of all these woods 
 of Algeria, the cître or thuya attracts the most attention ; it was known 
 and esteemed for its use in cabinet work in the time of the Romans, by 
 whom a piece of furniture of this wood was considered an article of 
 luxury. The wood is of a light red, varying from pink to a deep flame 
 color. The part of the tree preferred is that situated at the junction of 
 the bole or trunk with the root, as it yields the most variegated, wavy, 
 or Spotted timber. This is a remark worthy of the attention of our wood 
 Cutters and cabinet makers. Hitherto we use both at home and for 
 exportation only the trunk or bole of the tree, between the stump and the 
 first fork, being precisely that part which yields 1he fewest of those varie- 
 gated effects of the growth, which are so sedulousiy sought after, for 
 the purposes of the art of decoration. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Er AE e PAS 
 
 299 
 
 
 
 
 
 res papes ho 
 
 The Grand Duchy of Tuscany exhibited one of the finest collections 
 of woods, the principal kinds being fir, beech, soft maple, white horn- 
 beam and oak. Among other specimens we noticed a horizontal section 
 of fir, which measured seven feet in diameter, and a similar section of 
 maple, (hollow) of nearly the same diameter ; but these two articles had 
 no other merit than that of shewing the grain and the large growth of 
 the trees from which they were taken. 
 
 Portugal exhibited some interesting specimens of timber for building 
 and cabinet work. 
 
 British Guiana was distinguished for the order and good taste which 
 the Commissioners of that colony had evinced in the arrangement of 
 their interesting collection of valuable woods, the most remarkable being 
 the rose wood and the brazil wood. They also published during the 
 exhibition, a very interesting catalogue of the industrial products of their 
 country. 
 
 Singapore, the Sandal Islands, and the Mauritius sent their contribu- 
 tions ; and the Island of Ceylon exhibited 300 specimens of the diflerent 
 woods of the oriental world. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, and the 
 Cape of Goud Hope were not behind in this class. 
 
 .: We must notice also the fine collection of woods from New South 
 Wales, one of the most beautiful in the Exhibition. 
 
 The inspection of the woods of New Zealand satisfied us of one fact, 
 namely, that till recently the greater part of the woods and plants afforded 
 by that new country were unknown to Europe. 
 
 In the class of furs, the finest displays were the contributions of 
 Canada and of Greenland. In the oils yielded by the cetacea, we had 
 the superiority, at least no animal oil was exhibited which would bear 
 comparison with our clarified porpoise and seal oils, and that of the 
 small black porpoise (delphinus minor.) 
 
 The conclusion to be drawn from a comparative review of the entire 
 exhibition of forest products is, that, excepting a few special exceptions 
 of no general occurrence, no country on the globe is so rich as Canada 
 in large timber of the most useful class, furnishing the staple for the 
 greatest amount of consumption. So much for the productive faculty of 
 our soil. It is our part, taught by experience, to turn to the best account, 
 the great natural wealth of our forests. 
 
 The third class of the Exhibition comprised articles connected with 
 agriculture, and comprehended two grand divisions, the history, the im- 
 plements and the products of cultivation. 
 
 We must relate the results of the experiments made at Trappes, thirty 
 miles from.Paris, on the land of Mr. Dailly, a celebrated French farmer. 
 For the purpose of the several operations, the land was divided into five 
 
 
 
t 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 parts. The part on which the experiments in drainage were to be made 
 was under the direction of Mr. Pelligault, an engineer, that for plough- 
 ing under Messrs. Auterocke and Thiébaut, that for the various modes 
 of preparing the soil under Mr. Masson, that for the trial of thrashing 
 machines under Mr. Hause, Professor ofthe Imperial School at Grignon, 
 that in which the drills and grubbers were to be tried, under Mr. Bou- 
 chet, foreman to the Pluchet at Trappes. 
 
 The draining tiles and other apparatus of the Marquis de Bryas was 
 superior to every thing of the kind previously known. By the applica- 
 tion of this system, the Marquis has raised a property near Bordeau 
 formerly worth only £35,000 to an annual value representing a capital 
 of £55,000. The.most complete draining tools were supplied by the 
 Vicomte de Rougé of France, and Messrs. Burgess and Keg, of England, 
 General Morin’s dynamometer, an instrument to measure the power of 
 traction required by various implements is the most perfect instrument 
 of the kind ; the next best seemed to be thatof Mr. Bentall of England. 
 Among the ploughs, harrows, and other implements of the kind the most 
 admired were those of Howard of England, of Morse of Canada, of 
 the French School of Grignon, of Ransomes of England, of Hamoïs 
 of France, of Odears of Belgium, of Redolfi of Tuscany. The horse- 
 hoe of Mr. Hamois of France, the Norwegian harrow of Mr. Cappelea, 
 and the roller of Mr. Croskill of Ingland, were also admired. 
 
 The most prominent articles in the next part were an English root- 
 cutter by Messrs. Ransome and Sims, worked by a small steam engine, 
 by Mr. Calla, a French manufacturer; another root-cutter, by M. Mau- 
 rer of Baden; a churn, from M. de Lamberk of Belgium; a corn- 
 sheller from Austria, a straw-cutter from Belgium ; and most remarkable 
 of all, a machine for making draining tiles, invented by M. Calla of 
 France ; and another machine, lately invented by a French lady named 
 Champion, {or preparing the clay for that same purpose. 
 
 The threshing machines which were most approved of were those of 
 Mr. Pitts of the United States, of M. Duvoir of France, of Messrs. 
 Clayton & Co. of England, and of M. Pinet of France. The first was 
 the best, and was worked by à French steam engine made by M. 
 Calla; that of M. Duvoir, the next best, by horse power ; that of Messrs. 
 Clayton, by a steam engine of their own ; and that of Pinet by a gear 
 of new and very ingenious invention. The Canadian threshing machine 
 had comparatively but little success, and this unfavourable result was 
 partly, perhaps entirely, the effect of the mode of working 1t, by the 
 horrible plan of horses ascending an endless stair. 
 
 The two best reaping machines were those of Mr. McCormick of 
 the United States, drawn by two horses, and that of Mr. Cournier of 
 
301 
 
 France, drawn by one horse. The improvements in this machine are 
 not yet complete, but we are on the right road to such a degree of per- 
 fection as will render the use of it common. The four rakes tried were 
 those of Mr. Howard of England, of Grignon of France, of Count 
 Morelli of Sardinia, and of Mr. Moody of Canada. The best was 
 Howard's. 
 
 The hay-making machine of Mr. Smith of England, which in a few 
 minutes turned a field of lucerne just mowun, astonished and delighted 
 the spectators, and with reason, for the admirable work of the machine 
 is beyond all praise. 
 
 It is evident by this review that whatever may be said in America, 
 and especially the United States, of the inferiority of the old world to 
 the new in respect to machines to facilitate ‘the operations of agriculture, 
 we have still more to learn from Europeans than they can learn from us. 
 Immense improvement is in progress, and is the more important from 
 the impetus communicated to the movement by learned bodies, which 
 the single uncombined efforts of individuals in America do not give in 
 an equal degree. 
 
 To resume our review of the implements which most attracted the 
 attention of the public and of connoisseurs, and which obtained the 
 preference of the judges at the trials made at Trappes, we come to 
 the reaping machines by McCormick, and that of the self-acting rake 
 by Wrigh:, on the Atkins plan, both from the United States; that by 
 Cournier of France ; the American reaping machine, by Manny, which 
 was most successful in cutting lucerne. The French draining apparatus 
 by the Marquis de Bryas, and the Viscount de Rougé ; Mr. Howard’s 
 horse rake and his plough (of England ;) and the dynamometer, by 
 General Morris, (French ;) the English hay-making machine, by Mr. 
 Smith: the threshing machine, by Mr. Pitts of the United States, and 
 M. Duvoir of France ; steam engines, by Mr. Calla; the com-sheller 
 from Austria ; the straw-cutter, from Belgium; draining tile machines, 
 by M. Calla and Madame Champion of France ; and the drill from the 
 Imperial school at Grignon. The principle of all the American reaping 
 machines is that of the saw, moved with great rapidity by wheel gear ; 
 this plan is liable to be frequently disordered, but has the great advan- 
 tage of not choking readily ; in the French machine by Cournier, the 
 principle of the shears is substituted for that of the saw, the former 
 being less liable to become disordered or to wear out, but very subject 
 to be choked, and this peculiarity renders it less useful for cutting green 
 crops, such as lucerne. The Moniteur remarks, in an article on the 
 subject, that the idea of the reaping or mowing machine is very ancient. 
 They were in use among the Greeks and Romans at a remote period, 
 
 on men — 
 
 “mt Je 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 x 
 qe rm er 
 
 302 
 
 
 
 2 —— 
 
 and Pliny and Columella describe them. These descriptions are very 
 interesting, particularly as we have, after a long interval of silence and 
 oblivion, recovered the idea, with all the advantages arising from our 
 improvement in the mechanic arts. 
 
 In the exhibition of the products of agriculture the different countries 
 were distinguished by contributions as follows : France presented à fine 
 collection of cereals and plants, prepared in the most systematic manner 
 by Mr. Vilmoria, and rice from the celebrated rice-fields of Camargne 
 on the Rhone. 
 
 Algeria was especially noticed for its exhibition of agricultural pro- 
 ducts, properly so termed : wheats of various kinds, barleys, oats, and 
 maize were shewn with their stalks, in splendid sheaves and of species 
 known and esteemed in the days ofthe Romans, who received from 
 Africa immense quantities of grain. 
 
 England drew the admiration of all beholders by her fine collection 
 prepared by Professor Wilson. This collection comprised samples of all 
 the grains with the stalk and the root ; models of the fruits and vegeta- 
 bles of the United Kingdom, and herbals shewing the plants peculiar to 
 the soil of the British Isles ; the exhibition of English grain, seed and 
 vegetables, was superior to all as a scientific collection ; but fell a little 
 short in respect of quantity. 
 
 The beautiful collection from Austria was especially remarkable for 
 the cereals of Bohemia, and the fine wools in the fleece from the flocks 
 of Bason de Barteinstein and Count Barkoczy. In the two fold respect 
 of quantity and quality, the Austrian collection was next to that of 
 Frañce. 
 
 Prussia exhibited the finest wools in the world which were sent by 
 the Directors of the Royal Flocks at Frankenfelde. 
 
 The Agricultural exhibition from Holland was combined in a trophy 
 in the centre of the Dutch section of the annexe. 
 
 Portugal occupied a distinguished place in this class of the 
 exhibition. ‘lhe display of wheat, maize, almonds, olives, vegetable oils 
 and models of fruit and vegetables was above all praise. 
 
 Spain had a splendid collection in the department of agriculture, re- 
 markable especially for its variety consisting of all that all other countries 
 produce. It is unnecessary to praise the beauty ofthe wools and fleeces 
 of their flocks which are already so celebrated. 
 
 The Agricultural produets of British Guiana, of Egypt, of Belgium, 
 and of the United States, though not interesting as collections, in com- 
 patison with those above described, were greatly distinguished for their 
 excellence and importance, and offered some remarkable peculiarities of 
 value. 
 
men OM e De 
 
 303 
 
 rm 
 
 
 
 This third class completed the first group according to the classification 
 adopted by the Imperial Commissioners ; the group namely, which com- 
 prised the extraction and production of the simple material substances 
 necessary for the support and comfort of life. 
 
 Î must repeat, inasmuch as the announcement tends to increase our 
 love for our country, that in this group, taken as a whole, Canada held 
 the first place, by its display of natural wealth and its productive 
 capacity. Taking, one by one, the three classes which we have review- 
 ed, Canada stands as follows :—In the first class, being that of mineral 
 products, we were in the front rank in respect of variety of species and 
 scientific arrangement ; but certainly far behind in respect of turning our 
 mineral resources to account. In the second class, that of products of 
 the forest, we were in the first rank in respect of the aggregate of useful 
 species which we exhibited, and likewise in the amount of lumberino 
 carried on, with a view to exportation. In the third class, that of agit 
 cultural products, we were not behind the first, in respect of the import- 
 ance of the articles exhibited ; and in the amount of production, as com- 
 pared with population, we held the same equality of precedence. 
 
 Let me here cite, for the general benefit, a truth which becomes more 
 fully patent from this exhibition, namely, that in manufactures, art, not 
 the value of the material, constitutes real superiority ; and this truth was 
 proved incontestably at this great scene of competition. Let us every 
 where inscribe the aphorism, “ Zntelligence should rule the world.” 
 
 .£ 
 nn 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 ï 
 
 P 
 
 (e 
 
 Li 
 
 [IL. - 
 SECOND GROUP. 
 
 MANUFACTURES RELATING TO THE APPLICATION OF MECHANICAL 
 POWER, 
 
 Classes 4, 5, 6, and 7. 
 
 We come to the examination of articles of the fourth class. This com- 
 prised articles of general mechanism applied to manufactures, and was 
 the first ofthe second group according to the classification of the Irm- 
 perial Commissioners. 
 
 It was one of the classes which numbered the smallest number of 
 exhibitors ; the total number from all countries being about 350. Of 
 this number France supplied about 200. The countries which contri- 
 buted the most after France, were England 31, Austria 17, Prussia 16, 
 and Belgium 14. 
 
 
 
ii eur = 
 
 304 
 
 tt rt 
 rene ee 
 
 
 
 EL menées 
 he a —————_—_— = 
 
 The enumeration of a few of the principal articles, noticed by connoïis- 
 seurs, and mentioned by observers, may be serviceable to attract the 
 attention of Canadian mechanics to the continued efforts and success of 
 Europeans in invention, in the province of mechanical art, as connected 
 with the increasing demand of human ingenuity in produecing. All pro- 
 fessional persons who made a study of the Universal Exhibition of 
 London in 1851, and who have had an opportunity of attentively examin- 
 ing that of Paris in 1655, confess to an immense amount of improve- 
 ment in all nations, an improvement which tends to bring the con- 
 veniences and comforts of life more and more within the reach of all 
 classes of mankind. The Exhibition of London greatly contributed to 
 to that improvement, and the first idea of universalizing exhibitions will 
 ever remain a memorial to the honor of the English name. 
 
 Here we particularly remarked, amongst the articles furnished by France 
 for the fourth class, thefollowing articles : asmoke consuming grate, which 
 in the shape of an endless chain, uncoils as the coal is consumed, combining 
 advantages in health and economy, hitherto unknown in the use of this kind 
 of fuel; a non-condensing and expansive stean engine, the chief merit of 
 which consists in its not causing any pressure on the side valves ; a rotary 
 steam engine ; à pump made by an eccentric rod resting on a tube of 
 vulcanized caout chouc, and acting without the aid of pistons or valves; a 
 mechanical pair of bellows possessing the advantage of giving an immense 
 volume of air, with comparatively little apparatus ; a ventilator intended to 
 ventilate mines and mills, and which gives besides other advantages a 
 pressure of air six times greater than that obtained by the plans usually 
 adopted; a machine to regulate the flood gates of canals and dam heads, 
 arranged in such a manner as to keep the water always at the same level 
 under the most disadvantageous circumstances ; à new steam engine on 
 the expansive and non-condensing plan, made in such a way as to preserve 
 all the pressure which the steam has in the boiler, the mechanism 1s regu- 
 lated by the hand, and only permits the quantity of steam absolutely 
 necessary to the inversions to be introduced ; a steam engine intended to 
 economise fuel, by employing steam mingled with the products of the 
 combustion ; a steam engine for marine purposes, made to be placed in 
 the stern of the ships, in such a way as to economise space, Very consider- 
 ably, and a dyanometer the highest perfection of improvement, intended 
 to measure exactly the power employed by every working engine. 
 
 We observed in the English compartment of the Exhibition a steam 
 engine with three cylinders, arranged so as to economise the heat of the 
 steam, after it has served its purpose ; a hydraulic press for testing cables, 
 &c., of immense power, and a new system of propelling ship5, formed by 
 a paddle, feathering alternately, and fixed at the water line. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SR + RES PSS 
 
 305 
 
 Austria amongst other things exhibited a pump without either piston or 
 valves, Lut formed by an eccentric rod; a steam engine: remarkable for 
 the way in which it exercised the motive power; a horizontal steam engine 
 and a series of models for double levers or weighing machines. 
 
 The following articles coming from different countries also attracted 
 particular attention, namely, a ventilator worked by a steam engine of 
 peculiar construction, and a steam engine made with two cylinders, acting 
 at right angles on two shafts, this comes from Belgium ; four oscillatimg 
 stéam engines from the United States intended to act withoat the usual 
 side valves ; a steam engine exhibiting a considerable number of improve- 
 ments, and intended for sea-going ships, sent by Sweden; a new plan of 
 employing combined pulleys from Sardinia. 
 
 Let us now examine the productions of some of those countries which 
 are most distinguished in the fifth class of the Exhibition, particularly all 
 that pertain to locomotives for raiïlroads, and before entering on these 
 details, let us mention one fact of great importance in all questions relating 
 to méfie ads. It is known that the question of the relative weight of the 
 locomotives, of trains, ha, since the origin of raïlroads, occupied the atten- 
 tion of professional men ; people seem to be inclined to different opinions 
 in England and on the Continent. In France, Austria and Germany for 
 example, they are disposed to give locomotives a great weight, supported 
 by a considerable nie of wheels, whilst in England people seem inclined 
 to return to the comparatively light engines. 
 
 In the Exhibition of France, we remarked in the compartment devoted 
 to locmotives, an engine capable of moving in ordinary use à train of 45 
 cars loaded with an aggregate weight of 600,000 pounds; to this it 
 appears to add the qualities of being easy to clean, of consuming little fuel, 
 of having a lower centre of gravity, and of having the chiomey longer : : the 
 mixed machine of Messrs. Gouin which has its tender attached béhind 
 for the purpose of. making its weight serve to keep the locomotive on the 
 railroad track; the engine ‘ The Eagle,” also Messrs. Gouin’s, the motive 
 wheels of which are nearly 10 feet in diameter, the boïler is divided in two 
 and the centre of gravity is below the axles of FE large wheels, the passen: 
 ger trains, it is said, can be drawn by this locomotive at a speed of 60 miles 
 an hour ; the engines of Messrs. Cail & Co., distinguished for the perfection 
 of the workmanship. The other articles + to this class, which were 
 particularly remarked among the innumerable articles contributed'by France 
 were, an iron wagon sent from the manufactory of Mr. Nepveu & Co.; the 
 luxurious carriages of Messrs. Clochez and Leclerc; the town carriages by 
 Messrs. Lelorieux and Dunaime; a calash by M. Bergeon; a chariot by 
 Mr. Cliquennois ; a phaeton by Mr. Hayot; a carriage by Mr. Baivallette, 
 
 U 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 sésesveste _ ss 
 RS = 
 
 and a char à banc by Mr. Viderker. Tu the department devoted to saddlery 
 France numbered 29 exbibitors, who contended with England for the 
 superiority in this branch which is so much cultivated in England. 
 
 In the English section of the Exhibition which was particularly distin- 
 guished in this class byits fine exhibition of articles of saddlery ; we noticed 
 locomotives by Mr. Stevenson and Mr. Fairburn, that by the latter is hung 
 by means of springs made of caoutchouc ; a locomotive illustrative of the 
 system of Crampton, which consists in placing the driving wheels behind 
 the boiler ; this engine was built in France, at the manufactory of the 
 chemin de fer de Nord ; the chameleon phaeton by Mr. Starey changing 
 its form at pleasure; a chariot by Messrs. Davis & Sons; and three fine 
 calashes sent by London manufacturers. The 81 English exhibitors 
 of articles of saddiery offered to the public view a complete assort- 
 ment of everything pertaining to this kind of manufacture. For solidity 
 and excellenee of material, English saddlery has no superior in the world ; 
 the names of those who were declared the best amongst the numerous 
 English exhibitors of the class now occupying our attention, are Messrs. 
 Gordon & Son, Blackwell, Cuff, Shipley and Dunlop. 
 
 Austria, amongst other articles, exhibited a locomotive from the raïlroad 
 manufactory of the State, calculated to surmount steep grades ; another 
 locomotive from the manufactory of Mr, Gunther; the magnificent state 
 carriage of the Mayor of Vienna; carriages from the manufactories of Messrs. 
 Laurenzi & Co. of Vienna ; admirable saddles by Mr. Laoeffler ; Hungarian 
 bridles; the plan of a locomotive by Mr. Engerth; Wallachian harness by 
 Mr. Sindel which is extremely light. 
 
 The industrious Belgians were not behind in this class ; amidst other pro- 
 ductions of theirs, we admired the followingarticles : a locomotive by Messrs, 
 Cockerel & Co., built after the German fashion called Engerth 
 which consists in causing part of the weight of the locomotive to rest upon 
 the tender, so as to equalize the weight of the whole mass, which is thus 
 extended over a wider range of the track; a locomotive by Messrs. Zaman, 
 Sabatier & Co., of Brussels; a berlin by Messrs. Jones, Brothers, of 
 Brussels; some cabriolets by the same manufacturers; a snow plough for 
 locomotives, by Mr. Dufour; harness, saddles and other articles of that 
 description, by Mr. Ladoubée Lejune ; some spl'endid harness by Maréchal; 
 and lastly, some harness by Messrs. Therv de Gand, Rousseau of Liege, 
 and Van-Moll Assche. 
 
 We must notice among the products of the kingdom of Prussia, a 
 locomotive by Mr Borsig of Berlin, made for high rates of speed, under 
 favorable circeunstances ; and the fine bridles by Mr. Kornbach remark- 
 able for their lightness and finish. 
 
307 
 
 
 
 ES 
 
 
 
 
 
 The several German states had also sent to the Paris Exhibition a few 
 locomotives worthy of public notice. AÏl the countries mentioned had 
 likewise sent models of the numerous articles composing the track, and the 
 rolling and stationary stock of a railroad. 
 
 In carriages, we remarked vehicles by Messrs. Hermans & Co., of 
 Holland, a spanish volante from Mexico, and two waggons from Switzer- 
 land. 
 
 Among the articles of saddlery from countries not hitherto meutioned, 
 we must notice with approbation, the following: bridles and harness by 
 Mr. Vincent, of Portugal; Italian saddlery of Mr. Talamucei, of Tuscany ; 
 and an army-surgeons’ saddle, from Holland. 
 
 As supplementary to what has been said of the variety of opinions 
 relative to the weight to be given to locomotives, we shall mention one 
 fact, namely that the adoption of ell owed axles, of the requisite strength 
 and quality, enables the machinist to place his cylinder within the frame- 
 work of the engine, while, in any other plan, the want of room, in a 
 manner compelled him to put them on the outside ofit. Another conclusion 
 resulting from the Exhibition of 1855, is the adoption of engines of high 
 speed, requiring new and different arrangements of the gearing. Another 
 fact also of so ne importance is the more general adoption of steel instead 
 of iron, as the material of the principal parts of steam engines. 
 
 To the well known elegance and strength which have long distinguished 
 the manufacture of carriages and saddlery, the labors of modern makers 
 have now added lightness. This has, however, by a natural exaggeration, 
 been carried to an excess which trenches on the two former, neither of 
 them less important. 
 
 In the sixth class, according to the classification of the Imperial 
 Commissioners are included special machines applicable to materials and 
 in manufactures. It contains twelve sections relating to the following 
 articles, namely : elementary machines, machines for mining purposes, 
 the same for building purposes, the same for the working up of mineral 
 materials, other than metals, the same for metallurgical purposes, materials 
 used in mechanical architecture, machines for the manufacture of small 
 articles in metal, the same for lumbering purposes, the same for farming 
 purposes and the prepart ation of food ; the samie for opcrative chemistry, 
 the same for the arts of dycing and rer the same for certain specia] 
 branches of manufacturing industry. 
 
 It would be tedious to give a review, at any length, of the articles of this 
 class, in which there were at least 500 shibro à 1. e. 297 French, 57 
 English, 36 Austrian, 26 Belsian, 20 Prussian, 18 American, 6 Toen 
 and 5 Swiss. The remainder were from the été states of Europe, pre 
 
 4 from Mexico. 
 
 À res 5 
 
 = 
 
 RE 
 
 , 
 AL 
 { 
 
 EN | 
 | 
 HR À 
 pl 
 "1 u 
 & El 
 HE 
 p 0 
 4 
 { 
 We 
 : 
 
 —— Pr - 
 = 
 
 
 
2 ———— 
 
 qe 
 
 
 
 The machines of which this immense collection consisted were put in 
 motion, at the expense of the French Government, by means so skilfully 
 contrived, that the whole was effected, without impeding the passage of 
 visitors, or rendering their free access and the indulgence of their curiosity 
 perilous to themselves. The motive power was communicated from over- 
 head at stated distances, to the extent of more than 1500 feet, by means 
 of belts or straps working on a driving shaft or windlass. This iron shaft 
 of the length mentioned, was supported by an enormous trestle of east 
 iron, occupying the centre of the annexe, and it was driven by enormous 
 steam engines, situated outside of the edifice. Thus the motive power was 
 distributed gratuitously and without limitation to exhibitors of all nations. 
 
 Before we proceed to details concerning particular machinery, let us say 
 a few words respecting the various kinds which attracted the grestest share 
 of public attention. This will shew the tendency of industrial ideas at the 
 Exhibition of 1855. The different modes of applying the principle of the 
 trip-hammer in the manipulation of metals, have been greatly increased, 
 principally in the preparation of leaf gold. Inventions for the mechanical 
 conversion of wood to useful purposes have greatly improved, and been 
 enriched with niceties of fabrication which European art affords; and in 
 this department France displayed some considerable improvements, in 
 sawing out by machinery, materials of exact form, as for ships bends and 
 knees, whether the sawing be done in curved or straight lines. The idea 
 of a composing machine, as applied to typography, has also had new 
 results, which lead us to conclude that it is susceptible of practical 
 application. ‘The improvements made in the cylindrical presses, tending 
 to their application in the prirting of elegant velumes, and their coloured 
 engravings are a feature in the labors of successful invention which has but 
 lately appeared. 
 
 We should now proceed to a few details respecting certain machines, 
 which are distinguised from the mass by some peculiar merit : 
 
 Among those which are adapted to the manipulation of mineral 
 substances which are not metallic, we noticed an Austrian machine, 
 exhibited by Mr. Vittorelli, cutting out by a series of saws, while it planes 
 and polishes with graving tools, building and other stone; a French 
 machine by Mr. Chevalier, which by means of an endless steel-wire 
 adapted to pullies, saws with the greatest regularity the hardest stone, as 
 quartz, granite, and even crystal; the machines for the manufacture of 
 draining tiles by Mr. Borie, celebrated for his hollow bricks, also by Messrs. 
 Calla and Touaillou of France, and those by Messrs. Whitehead and 
 Clayton of England. In these the mass of clay kneaded and passed 
 through a mould of the required form, is eut to fancy, by means of one or 
 more steel threads.fixed in a state of tension, in moveable frames: 
 
 
 
 
 
309 
 
 
 
 ——_—_—_———_——__—_——————l ne 
 oo 
 
 Among the machines for working in wood we remarked those of 
 Messrs. Perin and Philippe for cutting out mouldings and hollow con- 
 tours ; and morticing machines by Messrs. Damon and Bernier, which 
 have thls peculiarity that the mortice is made by an instrument revolving 
 with remarkable rapidity, and remaining rounded at the ends, must be 
 finished by hand. For very long or continued mortices, the superiority 
 of this plan is indisputable, on account of the rapidity of the operation. 
 We noticed two machines by M. Sautreuil of Fécamp; one for preparing 
 flooring boards by a single stroke, the other a planing machine for 
 smoothing building timber on four sides at once ; this latter is used in 
 France, in preparing planking for ships; lastly, we remarked a turning 
 lathe, with four descriptions of tools, for the manufacture of wheels. 
 There were likewise two sets of saws, by Mr. Normand of Havre, one 
 for cutting out the ribs, frames and futtocks of a ship, with their bevel- 
 ings, bends, erooks, and varying thickness ; the other imitating with the 
 motion of the cross cut saw, the absolute precision of cut belonging to 
 that implement of manual labor. These two sets of saws were the most 
 perfect machines of the kind, In the foreign departments of the Exhibi- 
 tion we noticed with approbation the tool machines by Messrs. Whit- 
 worth, Smith & Co., and by Shepherd, Hill & Co., of England; the 
 veneering saw by M. Schwartzkep of Prussia ; and the connecting gear 
 by Mr. Siglo of Austria. 
 
 Among the machines for the fabrication of small articles in metal we 
 noticed a forging machine by Mr. Whitworth of England ; shears for 
 cutting sheet-iron, by Mr. Richmond of the United States ; and a machine 
 for cutting naïls, by Messre. Frez & Stoltz of Paris, who have introduced 
 caoutchouc as a material for springs in all their machines. 
 
 In the section of machines to facilitate chemical processes and the 
 manipulation of food, the best were, a mill with five runs of stones, with 
 the friction movement, and fitted so as to permit the separation of a mill 
 stone from the others, even while at work, by Messrs. Fremont, Fontaine 
 and Brault'of France ; and an apparatus for cleaning grain, by Mr. 
 Vachon of Lyons. | 
 
 A multitude of machines of great importance certainly, but of no prae- 
 tical interest for us, or which would require too long and too minute a 
 specification, were found in the remaining sections of the class which 
 now engages our attention. These cursory visits to the domain of 
 manufacturing art, will shew how readily we might extract profit from 
 the most rapid survey of this Exhibition. An idea sometimes, or a word, 
 is sufficient to suggest to an artisan the conception of a valuable improve- 
 ment, or to reveal to him a resource before unknown. We have a right 
 to be proud of our success al Paris, but we must not be led by it to 
 
 
 
LE dx ICE 
 aise 
 
 sv À 
 
 
 
 310 
 
 GT TR EE D AE SE D D PT PT Ts D m7 
 
 
 
 
 
 suppose that we are adepts while we are still but tyros. We have in arts 
 and manufactures still much to learn, and Europe will be our teacher. 
 We may console ourselves meantime with the reflection that we possess, 
 all the elements of progress and prosperity. 
 
 The countries which were most distinguished in this seventh class, 
 and which furnished collectively nearly all the articles exhibited, are 
 France, England, Austria, Belgium and Prussia. 
 
 For the preparation of particular substances, for weaving and spinning, 
 the corded ribbons by Messrs. Scrive Bro:hers and Miroude of France, 
 the cylinders, valves, cog-wheels, and other gear by Messrs. Pengest & 
 Co. of France, the pressing rollers by Mr. Fleary of France, and the 
 corded ribbons of Mr. Risler of Prussia, and of Mr. Horsfall of England, 
 were much admired. 
 
 Upon the whole, England, which contributed the greatest number of 
 inventions, maintained her superiority in respect of machines adapted to 
 the spinning of cotton ; and accordingly Mr. Tresca observes, theirexhi- 
 bition of spinning machines consists almost entirely of cotton spinning 
 machines. Ofthese English machines, the most remarkable were the 
 carding and splicing machine invented by Mr. Evan Leigh, exhibited 
 by Messrs. Dobson and Barlow of Bolton ; the spindle roving frame by 
 Mr. Mason of Rockdale ; the various bends of gear in action by Messrs. 
 Elec & Co.; and especially the complete exhibition sent by Messrs. 
 Platt Brothers of Oldham. In the French department public attention 
 was invited to the stripping cord by Mr. Lecœur ; the rota frotteur and 
 the drawing frame by Mr. Danguy, junior; the mull-jenny loom by 
 Messrs. Gallet and Dubus, with 432 spindles ; the blower and spreader 
 by Mr. Koesklein ; and the looms of Messrs. Nicolas Selumberger & Co. 
 ‘* The department of machines for cotton spinning was filled altogether,”” 
 as Mr. Tresca observed, “ by England and France, and, with the single 
 ‘exception of Mr. Sclumberger’s machines presents no progress worth 
 ‘ commemorating.” 
 
 In machines for the preparation and weaving of flax, we hoticed those 
 of Messrs. Mertems of Belgium, Farinaux, Ward and Lacroix of F rance, 
 Combe & Co. of England. There were also a few machines from 
 Austria and Prussia. 
 
 TLe department of machines for the manufactures of wool is occupied 
 almost exclusively by French exhibitors, among whom we distinguish 
 Messrs. Collet, Vigoureux and Penard, for carding, who follow the 
 modern practice of carding by rovings. Mr. Mercier was at the head 
 of those who exhibited machines for carding-wool. 
 
 Messrs. Meynier, Heilman, Michel and Windsor of France, Messrs. 
 Bearzi, Brangirdle and Grassmeyer of Austria, and Messrs. Benardel 
 
 
 

 
 came Een neneneceemmernasmmmananmmem 
 
 oo 
 
 and Hensch of Prussia, were distinguished among those of the first 
 rank for the perfection of their machines. 
 
 One machine by Mr. Deshayes attracted much attention. ft was for 
 making watch guards, purses and other articles of the kind. 
 
 The mechanical weaving of stuffs places England, where most of the 
 machines in use were invented, in the foremost rank among all nations. 
 À machine for weaving sail cloth by Messrs. Parker was particularly 
 mentioned. 
 
 France takes precedence for machines for the manufacture of figured 
 fabries, as she had the merit of inventing them. The march of improve- 
 ment in this department, is superseding the cartoons of the Jacquard 
 loom, by paper patterns which have the advantage of greater economy. 
 The machnes of Messrs. Acklin, Espany and Blanchet were noticed 
 with approbation. 
 
 Besides these there was a multitude of machines for fulling, combing 
 and spinning of material for mechanical spinning ; but it is not to be 
 expected that we should enter into a detailed enumeration of the whole. 
 Those mentioned above are intended to shew how constantly the arti- 
 zans of Europe are engaged in diminishing the price, while they main- 
 tain the excellence of their productions, nay, even increase it, and to 
 
 1] 
 
 impress on our own manufacturers and merchants the necessity under 
 which they lie, of closely following the Steps of their teachers, both for 
 
 their own sake and that of the public. 
 
 IV. 
 THIRD GROUP. 
 
 MANUFACTURES BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL 
 AGENT*, AND HAVING kKEFERENCE TO INSTRUCTION. 
 
 Classes 8, 9, 10, 11. 
 
 The Imperial Conservatory of Arts and Trades exhibited the weights 
 and measures of France. This exhibition derived a double interest 
 from the circurmstance that these measures has been already 
 adopted by several European States, and that the adoption of them by 
 all is in agitation. They are already in use among the learned of all 
 countries. The necessity of adopting terms and divisions of weight and 
 measure, known to science and of general application, was shewn 
 during the deliberations of the international congress on statistics at 
 Paris in 1855. 
 
 
 
| nm lisse 7 = + 
 ————————_—_———————————————""—————EEEE a —— 
 
 
 
 The French Government had sent to the Exhibition of the United 
 States Department, the American weights and measures presented by 
 the United States Government a few years ago. 
 
 We noticed the arithmetical machine by Mr. Thomas, which gives 
 Hi fl products of thirty figures; the new rules for logarithms by Mr. Gravet, 
 and the scales for weighing coins by Baron Séguier. 
 
 er" 9 Ve 
 
 In the manufacture of time-pieces Mr. Wagner, the French clock 
 maker, has introduced some remarkable improvements, in the method of 
 
 a 
 
 regulating the compensation in the scapements, and in the uniform action 
 of the pendulums. Mr. Cote of London, made his contribution of im- 
 provements in this branch. The spiral springs of the house of Lutz of 
 { Geneva, for watches and chronometers were greatly admired. These 
 1114 articles do not lose their properties on being subjected to fire and tem- 
 | ‘114 pered anew. Their excellence is truly surprising. 
 4 ll The clock for the palace of the Exhibition, by M. Collin, indicated the 
 1 hour on two dials far apart, by means of electric wires. This is the ap- 
 | plication of a new system to electric clocks, in making which Messrs. 
 HER | Vérité and Robert Houdin, (the famous Professor of Legerdemain,) excel. 
 ( É Of monumental clocks, the most remarkable were the astronomical 
 AE le | clock by Mr. Bernardin of France, and clocks by Mr. Weiss of Prussia. 
 L | In watchmaking the reputation of the French, Swiss and Belgian 
 | makers is well known, and was well supported at the Exhibition. Of 
 | instruments designed to measure time, bulk or distance with precision 
 and specially applied to scientific uses, it may serve a useful purpose to 
 j mention a few, namely, an achromatic object glass, by Mr. Lerebours, 
 | 15 inches in diameter, and about 26 feet focus ; refracting telescopes by 
 + || Mr. Bardon; a new kind of object glass, adapted for photographic appa- 
 ratus by Mr. Jamin ; à parallactic telescope by Mr. Secretan ; an instru- 
 | ment by Mr. Porro, which may be used either as a telescope or as a very 
 powerful microscope ; a microscope by Mr. Nachet : microscopes and 
 theodolites, by Mr. Chevalier ; and to complete the list of productions, 
 (nearlÿ all French and Parisian), a new instrument, the profilograph. by 
 Mr. Dumoulin, This beautiful invention is used to trace an exact out- 
 line of a landscape by mechanical means, and for extensive levels its 
 importance is very great. 
 
 1 The English Government exhibited a fine model of the meridian cit- 
 4 ele at Greenwich, Among English exhibitors Mr. Locke distinguished 
 himself by his parallactic telescope ; and the Engineers of the Coast 
 
 Survey by the fine collection of instruments which they use. 
 In the Austrian Department we noticed the meridian telescope of the 
 À À Polytechnic Institute of Vienna, the numerous and beautiful surveyors? 
 HAN LS instruments, by Mr. Starke, and maps in relief shewing the levels and 
 
 = Venere, - 
 
 rem 
 
 
 
 
 
 EE 
 
 2 on 
 
 
 
813 
 
 or SEE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 zones by varied tints, the roads, and a register of various statistical in- 
 formation. 
 
 This class contained, however, numerous instraments to ascertain the 
 density of bodies, acoustic instruments, and electrie machines, variously 
 applied, instruments for the purpose of registration, meteorological and 
 other apparatus. We have mentioned only the novelties in this class, 
 for it were an endléss task to make special mention of all who distin- 
 guished themselves. 
 
 The countries which bore off the honors in this class are, in the order 
 of the premiums awarded, France, Switzerland, England, Austria. 
 
 We now come to the articles examined in the ninth class. 
 
 The art of preparing bog-turf for fuel has been much improved in 
 Europe. Necessity has proved to be the parent of invention. 
 
 In a rapid review of this class, much useful information is to be 
 gathered, the bare notice of which may furnish our artizans with ideas 
 of improvement sure to be productive of good: What we are mainly to 
 study is not the products of our own country ; these we may always 
 examine at our ease; itis the matters exhibited by other countries, 
 which we can inspect at no other time but that of an Exhibition. De- 
 tailed criticisms of these will be given in the final report of the inter- 
 national Jury. There and there only, we are to look for a perfect ap- 
 preciation of objects. 
 
 In its review of the various articles in this ninth class, and giving an 
 account of the visit of Prince Napoleon, the Moniteur nakes the follow- 
 ing remark: ‘“ Heating by means of wood, coal, or charcoal, and light- 
 ing by the direct combustion of a limited number of solid or liquid 
 substances would at the commencement of the present century have 
 improved the staple of this ninth class,” and it proceeds to notice the 
 growing disposition to use the heat of gas for purposes of hygiene, of the 
 € preparation of food, and of mechanical pursuits, public and private.” 
 
 The first article taken in the order of classification were chemical 
 matches, in which branch Austria holds the first rank, the specimens 
 sent being the ordinary and regular produetions of the makers who sent 
 them. This branch is said to give employment ïin Austria to 20,000 
 workmen. Sweden also exhibited excellent specimens of this article. 
 Several French exhibitors had also sent their contributions, and as 
 France is the classic land of taste and fancy, we had fasteful and fancy 
 matches. The highest price for round matches was one penny per 
 thousand. 
 
 Pressed coal, a mechanical compound of solidified fragments of coal 
 mixed with the residue of coal-tar, has on account of its superiority to 
 coal, come into general use, particularly for shipping. Itis sold in 
 
 
 

 
 314 
 
 
 
 
 
 France at 30s. per ton. In the Exhibition, France and Belgium shewed 
 the best specimens of this article. 1t seems that in Belgium they have 
 succeeded in solidifying coal by pressure only, without the use of the 
 coal-tar to agglutinate 1t. 
 
 The preparation known as moulded coal, discovered by Mr. Popelin 
 Ducané, was shewn at the exhibition in numerous specimens, made of 
 the dross and dust of coal mixed and agglutinated with coal-tar. It is 
 in shape like charcoal, or else cylindrical. 
 
 The making of turf, in pieces pressed and dried, carbonized turf, or 
 compact anthracite turf, has assumed in Europe a degree of impor- 
 tance and has reached an extent, the proofs of which appear in the pro- 
 ducts of the kind sent by France and England. 
 
 The perfection to which candle-making has been carried is well known. 
 It will soon enable the poorest to lay aside the use of the old tallow 
 candle. England, Austria, Belgium, and France, are here again the 
 most distinguished ; France especially is pre-eminent for its shew of 
 acids and alcohols for the rectification of fatty substances, which are the 
 basis of candles. 
 
 It would be impossible to describe, in this place, the different systems 
 of warming houses, pertaining to the four groups of which we have 
 knowledge ; that is to say, by open fire-places or stoves ; by heated air ; 
 by the circulation of hot water in pipes ; and by steam similarly diffused ; 
 but it may be useful to those persons in Canada who interest themselves 
 in the respective merits of those various modes, to be acquainted with 
 the names at least of the artizans who have distinguished themselves by 
 the beauty of their production. These are, for stoves, hot-air stoves, and 
 apparatus for conveying it, Messrs. Laury, Chevalier, Pauchet, and 
 Ambart of France ; Messrs. Bailey, Edwards & Son, and Hoole of Eng- 
 land ; Messrs. Garion of Belgium, and Staitof Switzerland. For hot 
 water apparatus, Mr. Duvoir Leblanc of Paris has acquired a high repu- 
 tation and received a medal of honor. 
 
 You are aware that the Indians of Canada obtain fire by the rapid 
 friction of two pieces of wood. Well, the pinks of civilization, Messrs. 
 Beaumont and Mayer of Paris, exhibit a machine, consisting of a 
 boiler filled with watér which is heated to the pressure of three atmos- 
 pheres, by the caloric generated by a conical metal tube, in which ano- 
 ther cone of hard wood accurately adjusted to fit its interior, is made to 
 revolve. This mode of generating heat is intended to be employed only 
 when the motive power is obtained free of cost, as when it consists of a 
 Î waterfall. You will perceive that if this novel idea is capable of being 
 à usefully and economically applied, the want of water-power will cer- 
 tainly in Canada be no bar to its introduction. 
 
 Es ot 
 En Nero 5 — 
 
 
 
 
 
® "= ET sde ELA CP TERRE é — ‘ - = — =. ° 
 à miss em & me + r, u " 
 Sont au _ - r 
 
 0 
 a ————————— —— ———— — 
 
 ie cé te 
 
 eng ne) 
 
 There is a wish to introduce gas, the Moniteur remarks as above cited, 
 as an article of domestic fuel. This principle ha$ been applied in Eng- 
 land by means of asbestos. The current of gas is convey in a lighted 
 state through an apparatus consisting of wicks of asbestos. Great results 
 are anticipated from this discovery. We may observe that the asbestos 
 exhibited in the Canadian section and sent from Kamouraska is exactly 
 of the pliable and silky kind with short fibres which is suitable. for this 
 purpose. 
 
 Very interesting apparatus for procuring ventilation was also exhibited 
 as well as models of apparatus applied to blast furnaces for the smelting 
 of ore. The use of this apparatus, the bellows of which convey heated 
 instead of cold air, produces a casting, not only of better quality, but 
 also at less expense. 
 
 In the lamp department a vast number of improvements were exhibited 
 which might be very usefully adopted in Canada. True perfection 
 in this department is to be found only in France. We may mention the 
 lamps by Mr. Hadrot, as remarkable for their brilliant light, those of Mr. 
 Aubineau for their great size, those of Mr. Guillaume for their diminutive 
 size, and the cheap and economical lamp by Mr. Dessaules, besides 
 many others. Lanterns for the light houses constitute also a branch of 
 manufacturing skill in which France has attained unquestionable 
 eminence : this superiority is indeed undisputed. The immortal Fresnel 
 who invented the lenticular lanterns, has conferred this glorious preemi- 
 nence on his country ; accordingly the French Government had erected a 
 kind of monument to his honor in the centre of the nave. This was a 
 lenticular lantern of large dimensions, placed upon a pillar, which was 
 dedicated to the memory of the great inventor. The coasts of France 
 are lighted by 198 beacons of various sizes. 
 
 There was no great exhibition of improvement in lighting by gas. 
 Most of the apparatus exhibited had reference rather to the transmission 
 of gas, than to the means of generating it. or to its economical use. 
 
 The various modes in which electricity is applied to the mechanical 
 arts, composing the ninth class, might afford matter for much interesting 
 speculation ; but besides requiring special and exact knowledge, this 
 subject does not possess an interest in our young country, equal to that 
 of the branches of industry here lightly commented on, with a view to 
 draw public attention to the“progress of modern art. 
 
 We cannot omit, however, to mention the discoveries made by an Aus- 
 trian, Mr. Gintiof Vienna, inthe electric telegraph. That gentleman, by 
 availinz himself of the interruption of the electric current, by non 
 conductors, has succeeded in transmitting two different communications 
 
 
 

 
 in opposite directions, by the same wire. “This” says Mr. Tresca, 
 ‘is the greatest improvement yet made in the electric telegraph. 
 
 Here we shall close our few remarks in a class, the components of 
 which are highly interesting to Canada, either as a consuming population, 
 or as possessing the natural resources which may render it a producing 
 one to an important degree, in many of the most valuable branches 
 particularised, We shall be fortunate if, while depicting the improve- 
 ments which were most remarkable at the Paris Exhibition, we may 
 lead some inquiring reader to seek farther and more exact information. 
 This would undouiedly lead to the adoption of new modes of deriving 
 benefit from our natural resources. 
 
 The tenth class, containing articles comprised under the heads of 
 Chemical arts, dying and printing, paper-making, manufactured skins, 
 caoutchouc, &c., is one of those which numbered most exhibitors. Of 
 these the official catalogue contained nearly 2000 of all countries. The 
 countries which contributed most largely to this class with the number of 
 exhibitors from each, were France 900, England 166, Prussia 152, Aus- 
 tria 100, Belgium 58, Spain 33, Holland 33. Next after these was 
 Canada 26. 
 
 In the production of matters purely chemical, Austria and the German 
 States appeared to hold the first place in the Exhibition. Among other 
 articles of the kind, we noticed the collection of large masses of alkalein 
 metals from Prussia, and compound ethers from Austria. 
 
 White zinc, used as a paint, with great advantage over white lead, was 
 principally exhibited by Belgium and particularly by the Franco-Belgian 
 Company, known as the Compagnie de lu Vieill: Montagne. 
 
 England exbibited Lifhia and yellow Prussiate of Potass, obtained by 
 the use of common ecoal, instead of animal carbon. 
 
 It would be tedious to particularise all that the Exhibition contained 
 of acids and other products of the chemical art ; but we cannot omit the 
 wonderful French, production the new metal, termed aluminum. 
 Aluminum was first obtained as a distinct substance by M. Wochler, a 
 German chemist, but we are indebted to Mr. Sainte-Claire Deville, who 
 continued his researches, assisted by the private purse of the Emperor 
 Napoléon, for producing it as a material for domestic utensils. We cannot 
 here enlarge upon the process by which it is obtained, suffice it to Say 
 that, having been already fashioned into domestic utensils, it has been 
 found to possess the following properties: a degree of lightness, equal 
 almost to that of glass, a high degree of sonorousness, a capability of 
 resisting the action of fire next to that of silver; freedom from loss by 
 oxydation, tenacity and hardness equal to these qualities in any of the 
 metais in Common use, 
 
 « du  "-C : 
 < ; 7 = ae dd ne 
 
 
 
 
 
317 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gelatine assumes in Canada a character which is most interesting, 
 inasmuch as it is now used for the preservation of game and other meats, 
 by being applied as a coating to exclude the atmosphere. It is needless 
 to insist on the value of such a process as a measure of preservation, It 
 will be seen at once, that it a principle essentially economical, as the very 
 substance, used as a preservation of the main or principal substance, re- 
 tains all its value, and that the food thus preserved, undergoing no pro- 
 cess of manipulation, remains in possession of all its original flavor and 
 other properties. 
 
 Among the numerous specimens of ultramarine produced by artificial 
 means, that of Mr. Guimet of France, the inventor of the process, by 
 which it is manufactured, was naturally the best. Some idea may be 
 formed of the importance of this product when we learn that formerly 
 natural ultramarine cost £75 per pound, and that no more than 4 Ibs. were 
 consumed in Europe in a year, whereas Europe now uses five millions 
 of pounds yearly which costs no more than one shilling per pound. 
 
 In leather, France was distinguished {or its morocco, its varnished 
 leather and its calf leather, all having a world-wide reputation ; England 
 for its strong sole leather and that which is used for saddlery. In the 
 articles mentioned, France was closely followed by Austria, Germany 
 and Belgium. 
 
 It is well known that the celebrated Russia leather did not appear 
 at the Exhibition, but we must remark that that leather, which has quali- 
 ties so peculiar, is tanned with the decoction of willow bark and im- 
 pregnated with an oilextracted from the bark ofthe bouleau. We make 
 this remark, because we have willow and bouleau in Canada. 
 
 In the manufacture of paper, different countries offered a vast number 
 of exhibitors, among the new papers made without rags we noticed 
 straw-paper made by Mr. Louis Piette of Belgium. 
 
 It would be a tedious labor to enumerate the different uses now madè 
 of caoutchouc, we have already noticed the advantage of substituting 1t 
 for steel in springs for certain machines. We must remark by the way 
 that we are indebted to France for the discovery of caoutchouc, to Eng- 
 land for its first application to useful purposes, and to the United States 
 forits connexion into a pliable and durable substance, as well as into a 
 hardened form, capable of great resistance. Mr. Goodyear of the United 
 States received the grand medal of honor for his discovery of hardened 
 caoutchouc. 
 
 The French savans who discovered the method of making artificial 
 ultramarine, and who are now producing opium, give us reason to hope 
 for a further discovery in artificial quinine, a product of which the final 
 
 
 
SÉRUÉS Le LL Ua , 
 a 
 
 
 
 T3 RES us 
 
 ; 
 OU EE PET 
 
 wi … a 
 
 PS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 disappearance was anticipated together with that ofthe quinquina from 
 which only it is now obtained. 
 
 We now come to a class, the eleventh, which has intimate relation to 
 Canadian interest, being based upon agricultural produce. It relates 
 to the preparation and preservation of alimentary substances. 
 
 This class is naturally reducible to two grand divisions, termed, in 
 the words of the Imperial Commissioners : 1. Preparation of alimentary 
 substances ; 2. Preservation of alimentary substances. 
 
 In the preparation ofalimentary substances, and the extraction of their 
 various elements, we remarked the following articles: an apparatus by 
 Messrs. Martin & Co. of France, for extracting the gluten; an appara- 
 tus for baking, termed the mechanical kneader bÿ Mr. Roland, also of 
 France. In the French compartment were observed also many difierent 
 apparatus used in the manufacture of sugar and spirit from beet-root. 
 
 It would be impossible to enumeraie the numerous articles in this class, 
 for, as they relate to the most ordinary wants of mankind, they are not 
 the exclusive productions of one or two countries, but fall within the 
 scope of all. Accordingly there was no country which had not numer- 
 ous exhibitors. 
 
 It may be of service to notice the progress made in France in the preser- 
 vation of meats. In our review of the preceding class we have already 
 made a few observations on the use of gelatine, as a coating to guard 
 
 sat from contact with the air, but that discovery is the least extraordin- 
 ary which has been made. 
 
 By a process, which consists of rapid drying by means of hot air, and 
 then of compression by means of the hydraulic press, vegetables have 
 not only been prepared for keep'ng, but also made to occupy a compara- 
 tively trifling space. Îtis only necessary to steep them in cold water 
 Six 
 even bulk. It will be seen that, on these conditions, they may be mat- 
 ters of daily use. It is calculated that, by this process more than 1200 
 lbs. of dried vegetables may be packed in a case of 1 cubic metre (50 
 
 hours, in order to restore them to their original color, appearance and 
 
 eubic feet). This quantity represents 8000 Ibs. of fresh vegetables which 
 would on an average require a space of 1300 cubic feet at least. Thus 
 seven times the bulk of nutritive matter may be made fit for transport, in 
 a space 43 times smaller than it would naturally fill. The allied armies 
 in the Crimea were supplied with vegetables, thus prepared, to the extent 
 of 42,000,000 of rations. 
 
 The bref biscuit of the American Navy is now well Enown. Several 
 other articles of the kind were exhibited, among them mul biscuit, con- 
 taining, in half a pound of matter, six rations of good soup ; and biscuit of 
 the same description, by à company from Buenos Aÿres. 
 
 
 
 
 
, F2 ht LS ARARES en trs a Ps a 
 nn ST ÉÉ 0e nm. de ont 
 
 319 
 
 mn me —— 
 
 a A ——pn 
 
 om 
 ——_— er 
 
 The General Meat Preserving Company in France have produced a sub- 
 stance which they have termed conservaline, extracted from the offal of 
 animals, such as the bones deprived of the marrow, tendons, &c., with 
 the addition of sugar and gum. The principle is evidently the same as 
 that of preserving by gelatine. The question is, which of the two con- 
 servalines is the best? The Company exhibited a leg of beef weighing 
 nearly 100 Ibs., preserved six months before. This had in all respects all 
 the freshness of meat just killed. 
 
 Bat the most extraordinary discovery of this kind is that of Mr. Lamy, 
 a Frenchman, who preserves meat without covering or coating it, exposed 
 to the air and the sun. His process, which he has not revealed, is pure!y 
 scientific, and consists, it is said, in coagulating those parts which are 
 liable to putrefaction, and which produce fermentation in alimentary sub- 
 stances. He exhibits legs of mutton, preserved several years ago, salmon, 
 pike, vegetables, fruits, whole partridges, and a whole deer preserved two 
 years since. In the winter, Mr. Lamy supplies fruit at fabulous prices, 
 and the purchasers profess themselves perfectly satishied with the quality 
 of what he sells. 
 
 We should endeavor to profit by many of these discoveries, in Canada. 
 They would enable us to export enormous quantities of alimentaty sub- 
 stances, which now remain unsold, because their liability to decomposition 
 or their bulk renders the carriage of them difficult, or too expensive, or 
 altogether impracticable, 
 
 
 
 Y. 
 FOURTH GROUP. 
 MANUFACTURES PERTAINING TO THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 
 Classes 12, 13, 14. 
 
 The articles exhibited in the twelfth class—that which related to the 
 public health—were few in number. Connected with the supply of 
 water of good quality to large cities, we saw nothing but some filtering 
 machines, which offered no new feature. On this head, we must cite 
 some observations made in the Paris papers. Ît seems 10 be agreed that 
 the requisite quantity of water per diem for each individual, to place a city 
 in this respect in circumstances favorable to health, is about sixteen gal- 
 lons or three cubic feet. At Rome the daily supply is nearly 160 gallons 
 to each individual ; of course this quantity includes the public baths, 
 publie wash-houses, and all that is required for domestic consumption. It 
 would have been well to have exhibited along with our models of bridges 
 
 
 
ra 
 
 | nd 
 
 4 
 — 
 oh DR 
 
 
 
 pe 
 
 320 
 
 and canal:, something to give an idea of our splendid water works at 
 Quebec and Montreal ; for it is evident that, in respect of 1he supply of 
 water and sewerage, those two cities will soon stand pre-eminent among 
 all the cities in the world. 
 
 Ve saw at the Exhibition several models of valves for drains and water 
 closets, but nothing so new or so remarkable as to give new ideas on 
 sanitary polity, or to require special mention. 
 
 We observed one article which will be the means of introducing a 
 beneficia! change in the construction of buildings in respect of healthful- 
 ness. This was a hoilow brick, the cavity in which was adapted to form 
 a tunnel, thus esta RES a kind of ventilator in the wall itself, preventing 
 damp. We also saw stucco to be used as a dressing for walls and ceilings 
 of rooms in hospitals, dissecting theatres, and other places used for similar 
 purposes.  Ît would of course be impossible to give a minute description 
 in this place, of the various plans for ventilating and heating public and 
 private E uildings. 
 
 We saw with admiration, in this class, the fine carriages for the sick 
 and wounded of 
 
 the French army, wagons and moving canteens. These 
 
 ie 
 articles had been transmitted to the Exhibition by the Minister of War. 
 Several apparatus for baths were exhibite|, but nothing new, except 
 one for administering baths of condensed or rarified air, either generally 
 or topically. | 
 I: would not be generally interesting to speak of the various pharma- 
 ceutical preparations which were exhibited. To professional men it 
 would avail little that we should mention them in general terms. The 
 countries which were distinguished in this department were France, Ger- 
 many, Austria and Englani. 
 In ee cutlery, the APR of the French is indisputable and 
 undisputed. The countries which, after France, made the best and largest 
 contribution in this respect were Belgium, Denmark, Holland, Norway, 
 Hesse, Portugal and the States of the Church. The articles exhibited 
 
 were very numerous, from different countries, in artificial limbs, as arms, 
 
 # 
 
 legs, &e., intended to restore parties who had undergone amputation to 
 the exercise of the functions of which they had been deprived. Às these 
 apparatus form in some degree a part of the arsenal of surgery, the 
 fabrication of them comes next in importance after the improvements 
 made in surgical instruments. The three French houses which bore the 
 palm from the whole world, for the perfection of this surgical cutlery, 
 both as inventors and manufacturers, were those of Charrière, Mathieu 
 and Luer of Paris. 
 
 It is not long since the time, when, favored by the metallurgical cireum- 
 stances of their country, the English manufacturers of London had a decided 
 
 
 
Dh A ART DS mn 
 
 62 an  Pi 
 
 hr 
 
 
 
 ms, 
 
 
 
 ————————— 
 
 superiority in this respect. France owes its present ascendancy in this 
 branch to the house of Charrière, and this house is indebted to its own 
 energy for its world wide reputation and immense wealth. As the 
 history of the struggle of this house, at length so successful, may be a good 
 lesson to others, we may venture to quote a few words written by Doctor 
 Giraldès in the Patrie : “He, (Mr. Charrière,) welcomed with open arms 
 ‘< all the foreign workmen who came to Paris, and listened with deference 
 “to all the critical remarksaddressed to him. Having constant intercourse 
 ‘ with young physicians of vivid imagination and intelligence, he placed 
 ‘his men and machinery at their disposal, and made at his own expense 
 ‘the instruments which they devised. His ware rooms are filled with 
 “these abortive inventions, and are more like the museum of an antiquary 
 ‘than a cutler’s warehouse. There are to be seen models of the most fanciful 
 ““ description, some scarcely formed so as to give a definite idea of their 
 ‘intended use, others quite finished, but given up asof no practical use, By 
 ‘such means, and by boldly drawing upon the future, he has created the 
 “magnificent establishment for the manufacture and sale of cutlery which 
 “stands in the ARue de l Ecole de Medecine.” 
 
 The person whose contributions to the Exhibition were incomparably the 
 most worthy of admiration, both for their beauty, their perfection and their 
 usefulness, in the department of anatomy and pathology, was Dr. Auzoux of 
 Paris. To his preparations of this kind, Mr. Auzouz had added some fine 
 ones of natural history and comparative anatomy, by the aid of which it 
 was possible to study zoology without the labor of dissection. Of course the 
 studies incumbent on physicians and learned men are not here meant, who 
 can by no means be exempted from the labor ofdissection. 
 
 The beautiful preparations in osteology of Mr. Vasseur of Paris were 
 also objects of great admiration, particularly those of the cranium, the bones 
 of which were placedrelatively in situ though not quite in contact, and were 
 kept in position by the aid of screws, which allowed them to be handled. 
 
 The countries which contributed the greatest number of stuffed birds and 
 quadrupeds were France, Savoy, Wurtemberg and Prussia. They were 
 generally well executed as to attitude, form and preservation. The col- 
 lection of birds from Canada was greatly admired. 
 
 The thirteenth class devoted to articles relating to maritime and mili- 
 tary matters, derived additional interest from the passing events of the 
 war, requiring the development of all the resources of modern art. 
 History has not hitherto had to record the display of such an armament as 
 that which the siege of Sebastopol has called into action, and never befvre 
 were the means of transport applied so as to effect the wonders performed 
 by the Anglo-French squadrons. These circumstances of the time were 
 rather injurious to the effect of the Exhibition of 1855: as certain marine 
 
 V 
 
 did : SAR QUE EN 
 
 1 : : + 
 ee re 
 tr — re iS 
 
 mins Tr 
 
 RER = 
 2 
 
 en D 
 
 a = 
 
 en. 
 

 
 
 
 322 
 
 EEE RRQ en En es gs 
 
 
 
 ——— — 2% te ———— _ = 
 
 
 
 steam engines intended to be exhibited, were diverted from their pauifie 
 destination, to be usefully employed on board the allied fleets. Thus it 
 was that, models excepted, there were fewer engines exhibited at Paris 
 than at London. But, to make amends, new inventions and evident 
 improvements were manifested, giving assurance that we are on the road 
 to important discoveries, and new modes of applyiug them. 
 
 We shall specify a few of the improvements effected in the manufacture 
 of steam engines, intended for maritime service. 
 
 The gradual increase in size of the motive machinery, and the use of 
 engines of great power, is the great fact of the age. In this change of 
 system the intention is, not only to move larger bodies, but to attain greater 
 speed, and what has been done in this behalf has established as an axiom 
 & {hat grealer speed requires greater power in the proportion of the square of the 
 speed required.” 
 
 Another step in the road of improvement 1s the substitution of the screw 
 apparatus for all others in ocean navigation, particularly in that branch of 
 t which combines steam with sails.  [t was for the purpose of increasing the 
 motive power of the screw, without dminishing that afforded by the sails, 
 when necessary, that the French engineers have invented the screw à 
 quatre branches, which may by a system of joints, be reduced to two, and 
 occupies no more space than the screw à deux branches. Two new systems 
 were promulgated at the Exhibition, having reference to the placing or 
 housing of the engine in the hull of the vessel ; one (French) fixesit in the 
 dévoyures of the after part of the vessel in order to save room; another 
 (Dutch) distributes the weight of the engine throughout the entire length 
 of the vessel, in order to avoid these alterations of form produced by the 
 application of considerable weights acting constantly on an isolated point 
 of the frame. 
 
 Finally, in France, opinions are in favor of the direct application of the 
 motive power to the screw, while in England they seem to incline to its 
 application by gearing. ‘The adoption of the former principle aims at the 
 saving of room; that of the other diminishing friction and givmg better 
 control of the piston, diminishes the wear and tear of the engine. We 
 must observe that the use of steel in various parts of the engine diminishes 
 the risk arising from wear and tear, and the danger of accidents so produced. 
 
 Among the numerous exhibitors in this class, the French Minister of 
 Marine was particularly distinguished; the articles exhibited being a great 
 number of models of ships, and their rigging and equipment. 
 
 The following articles in this part of the Exhibition demanded especial 
 admiration : a model of the engine of the ship INapoleon, a screw of 960 
 horse power, working by gearing,—said to be the fastest ship of her rate 
 afloat ; a model of the engine of the ship l Algérien, a screw, with direct 
 
 
 
L CS DT DCR SLT RE ET 
 ni Bises di , msi 
 ent _ r titi 
 
 
 
 
 
 action, of 900 horse power ; a brass screw, weighing 25,000 Ibs. intended 
 for the ship lÆZmpérial ; this has four fixed branches but is nevertheless 
 removable ; a model of the steam mortar-vessel le Vautour, the first war 
 steamer in which mortars were shipped and fired,—it is now at Sebastopol ; 
 a model of the apparatus used in launching the man of war Um on the 
 Charente, is worthy of especial notice. In this case, it was necessary, on 
 account of the narrowness of the river, to cause the vessel, on leaving the 
 ways, to take a list up and down the stream. For this purpose the ship 
 was rigoed on each side with a strong chain. These were shortened by 
 the decussation of certain oftheir links which were tied with ropes intended 
 to break one after another, their tenacity being graduated and calculated 
 to produce the effect desiréd. The plan was crowned with complete 
 success ; and, having been applied to a body so ponderous as that of the 
 Ulm, does credit to the skill of the engineers who devised it. 
 
 England exhibited, as illustrations of its naval power, models of the heads 
 and sterns of ships, and articles of various kinds. In the exhibition of the 
 Dutch naval establishment, we notice models of small war-vessels, built 
 with flat floor-timbers. These flat bottomed ships, are intended to navigate 
 the coast, and for attack and defence in shoal water. The war in the 
 Baltic caused great attention to be paid to inventions of this kind. 
 
 We now come to the exhibition of articles pertaining to merchant 
 shipping, on the ocean and on rivers. It is remarkable that the exhibition 
 in this class, although no doubt very interesting, was not expressive of all 
 the importance which mankind attach, in our day, to maritime affairs, 
 
 The first objerts which drew our attention in this department, not as 
 novelties in invention, but for the boldness of entreprise which they 
 indicated, were the models and plans of the several parts of that gigantic 
 vessel, now being built in London by Messrs. Scott and Russel, under the 
 direction and according to the plans of Mr. Brunel the engineer, It is 
 known, that monster ship will measure 23,000 tons, and will, in round 
 numbers, be 700 in length, 80 feet beam, and will have engines of the 
 aggregate power Of 2,600 horses. England had also a maritime trophy, 
 containing models of the great ships Æimalaya, Persia and others, diving- 
 apparatus, apparatus for the rescue of shipwrecked persons and property, 
 and a number of articles connected with ocean and river navigation. In 
 the shin-building section of the English compartment, the most celebrated 
 and illustrious name was that of the house of Napier of Glasgow. 
 
 England stands foremost among the nations of the world for the number 
 of its large foundries for the manufacture of steam-engines for ships. Ia 
 respect of perfection and beauty of workmanship, almost all other European 
 nations are on an equal fuoting ; in the experimental part of the art, France 
 seems to hold the first rank. Ît may not be uninteresting to know that 
 
 DORE PROS EE ETES © — 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 = ER 
 me b | 
 
 em re 
 

 
 
 
 924, 
 
 
 
 
 
 pee ——— 
 “mt 
 
 
 
 there are in Europe about sixty great establishments particularly devoted 
 to the manufacture of steam-engines for ships. Of this number England 
 possesses thirty, and France fifteen ; the others are distributed among the 
 several other States, according to their population, or rather according to 
 their maritime position. 
 
 One ofthe most striking articles in the exhibition of the French merchant 
 navy, was the fine model of the ship Danube belonging to the Compagnie des 
 Messageries. It shewed all the details of her construction, rigging and 
 equipment, together with her engine and screw in operation, a master- 
 piece of workmanship. Among the numerous specimens of French skill 
 were building models, half of iron half of timber by the inventor of the 
 system, Mr. Arman, who obtained the Grand Medal of Honor, in this 
 section ; numerous models of French elippers ; huge plates ofiron 3 feet in 
 width, by 15 feet in length and 8 inches in thickness. These plates were 
 intended for the defences of the ffoating batteries contrived by the Emperor 
 Napoleon for the attack on the citadel of Oronstadt, that terrible claw of 
 the Northern Bear. 
 
 In the other sections were, the model of ‘a river steamer used by the 
 Austrians on the Danube, of 240 ‘horse power and drawing very little 
 water ; the model of the American, a river steamer of the United States of 
 1,000 horse power ; a very fine steam engine with a screw having a direct 
 and reverse movement exhibited by the Swedish foundry of Motalato 
 which this article does great credit ; an iron stern-post with a rudder of a 
 new form, from Belgium. 
 
 In the second division of this thirteenth class, relating to objects 
 of military art and the fabrication of arms, it will be perceived at once 
 that France took the foremost rank. Belgium being the next in prece- 
 dence for workmanship, particularly in the manufacture of fire arms for 
 sporting purposes. England exhibited very little in this department. 
 
 The arms used by the French army were collected in the nave of the 
 palace in a superb trophy, designed by M. Panguilly Haridon, the 
 engineer. Before proceeding to make a few remarks on details, which 
 derived a particular interest from the circumstances of the war then in 
 progress, it will not be amiss to consider the improvements made within 
 a few years in the manufacture of arms, and in the art of handling and 
 using them. Here are then, in brief, the specifications of the improve- 
 ments made : éxtraordinary precision of aim in firing from mortars, from 
 the knowledge of the rotatory motion of the shells on their axes; per- 
 fection and simplicity attained in the use of rockets in open field war- 
 fare ; diminished damage from repeated firing now obtained, in manu- 
 facturing artillery to the extent of sustaining 3000 discharges without 
 perceptible damage, whereas 200 shells were formerly the greatest num- 
 
 
 
925 
 
 tr 
 
 2 EDS 2 MERS FUN ER RES Enpers> RS 
 
 eq 
 
 
 
 ber which could be fired from guns of the largest calibre ; a new method 
 of preserving gunpowder from the effects of the weather and from danger 
 of explosion; rapidity in loading combined with correct aim in firing, 
 with musketry. 
 
 To all this progress we have to add the general, improvements made 
 in workmanship and material. ‘The. use of sporting guns, loaded at the 
 breech, has also become general, and the alterations made daily in this 
 class of fire arms give us reason to hope that they may be adopted by some 
 arm of the military service. A few brigades have already received them, 
 as for instance the cent gardes of the Emperor. ‘Fo give an idea of the 
 regard to economy which prevails in the manufacture of arms, we may 
 observe that good muskets are to be had, wholesale, in France and Bel- 
 gium, for ten shillings, while such is the luxury of finish and embellish- 
 ment applied to sportsmen’s guns, that they are sold as high as 4500 
 each. 
 
 We noticed in the French compartment the musket of the cent gardes, 
 which as we have seen, is loaded at the breech. This musket is fitted 
 with a straight sabre of the length of the old rapier, forming with the 
 musket a lance more than seven feet long. Next we had the celebrated 
 rifle, known as the Minié rifle, the improvements in which are due to 
 two French Officers, Messrs. Minié and Delvigne. Itis well known that 
 the shape of the ball, which has undergone and is still undergoing great 
 alterations, is highly important in attaining precision in the direction of 
 the ball, fired from this formidable weapon. Revolving pistols have 
 undergone a variety of alterations, most of which are improvements. 
 Mr. Gastine Reinette of Paris, exhibited some barrels of fowling pieces» 
 the strength of which was wonderful. This property of exemption from 
 the danger of bursting is the effect of a new process of welding, which 
 consists in using, instead of flat bands, twisted spirally on a mandrel 
 fitting closely, so as to be welded afterwards, two triangular rods, fitting 
 one into the other, for the purpose of being welded. These bands or rods, 
 thus twisted together on the mandrel are to each other as the female is 
 to the male screw, when the latter is inserted. 
 
 I omitted to mention the field-piece termed the Emperor’s system. 
 This piece, intended to fire shells as well as solid shot, relieves an army 
 from the necessity of carrying mortars, as well as field pieces; and as 
 the principle equalizes the diameter of the hollow, with that of the solid, 
 shot, it simplifies the service, and facilitates the equipment of an armed 
 force. 
 
 Belgium, and particularly Liége, exhibited a vast collection of fire 
 arms, both military and for sporting purposes. AIl the improvements 
 
 
 
For DT LLE SE Dis 
 
 
 
 a D spi 
 en 
 
 Saper — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 known in France, except in a few particulars, are known and turned to 
 practical account, with the same degree of perfection, as at Paris. 
 
 Prussia made a fine exhibition of fire arms, among which we noticed 
 the cast steel cannon by Mr. Krupp. 
 
 In the English compartment, a Mr. Needham who was an exhibitor, 
 shewed a gun to be loaded at the breech, in which the charge is ignited 
 by a needle. This is à Prussian invention, on which Mr. Needham pre- 
 tends that he has made improvements. Great praise was bestowed upon 
 some ornamented arms, exhibited by Mr. Zuloaga of Spain. A rifle with 
 carved work by Mr. Rinzi of Milan was regarded as a master-piece of 
 workmanship; and in the Sardinian section we remarked a model of a 
 portable drill for cannon which would save the trouble of sending to an 
 arsenal or an armourer’s forge, torepair the touch-hole of a gun, when it 
 is useless, 
 
 The fourteenth class contained, under the title of Civil Constructions, 
 (buildings for the purposes of civil life) a mass of articles connected 
 with, or pertaining to, the private dwellings of mankind, and to public 
 edifices, required by the social habits of civilized lite. 
 
 We shall take a hasty survey, for no other is possible, of what this 
 section contained that could interest us. Among the numerous speci- 
 mens of building stone exhibited, we noticed, first in order, the collec- 
 tion from Wurtemburg, arranged in form of a pyramid, and in the 
 geological order of the natural formations. This comprised granite, 
 sandstone and limestone of various kinds, and belonging to the difierent 
 epochs. We next came to the fine collection of limestone from the envi- 
 rons of Caen, in Normandy, the price of quarrying which on the spot 
 varies from 15s. to 20s. the cubic metre (30 cubic feet.) There were also 
 specimens of the carboniferous and colored limestone of the environs of 
 Bristol. This collection was the same as that exhibited in England in 
 1851. 
 
 Public attention is now oceupied, particularly in France, with a ques- 
 tion long and extensively agitated, concerning the fabrication of artifi- 
 cial stone, to supersede rubble masonry with economy of material and 
 labor, and yet secure greater solidity. Mr. Coignet of St. Denis, exhibited 
 a stone consisting of coa! ashes and quick lime, or of sand, small shingle 
 and lime, or again, of sand, terra cotia in powder, ashes and lime. This 
 substance costs from 6s. to 10s. per cubic metre. It is run Like grouting, 
 and in fact the building is cast in a mould, by portions which are more 
 or less considerable. A house in the environs of Paris was thus cast, in 
 every part, together with its mouldings and other ornaments. Separate 
 walls have also been erected. 50 feet in height, by way of experiment. 
 Blocks of artificial stone are also made, in which plaster is the principal 
 
 
 
327 
 
 
 
 material. Mr. Bernard exhibited also small specimens of larger blocks, 
 which he is making for the harbor of Cherbourg of an artificial vitrified 
 substance, which appears to be superior to hydraulic cements and grout- 
 ing. This substance is obtained from plastic elay, well worked, and 
 subjected to excessive kiln-burning. 
 
 France, England and Wurtemberg seemed to hold the first place in 
 the invention of cements. ‘The Exhibition contained material evidence 
 of the labors of Messrs de Villeneuve and Vicat, Engineers, particularly 
 in the application of the sub-carbonates of lime, and magnesian lime- 
 stone, 
 
 It would be a tedious labor to give the names of the various marbles 
 from all countries. Some, however, were so beautiful, that it would be 
 unjust to omit to mention them. Algeria had sent, among other kinds, 
 that beautiful marble which is called agate or onyx, the veined and 
 transparent whiteness of which 1s so oreatly admired, and the fine yellow 
 marble of Numidia, these two were celebrated among the ancients. 
 Florence exhibited a collection of those magnificent Tuscan marbles, 
 which are known to the whole world. Greece and the Island of Corsica 
 had splendid specimens of rouge antique, green porphyry, verd antique, 
 and other marbles. England exhibited fine large specimens of Cornish 
 serpentine, 
 
 Many countries had contributed slates, tiles, and bricks, of various 
 forms and quality. The hollow bricks seemed to be much approved 
 of, owing to their comparative lightness and small cost. It was shewn 
 indeed, that in the fabrication of this new article for building, there 1s 
 a saving both in the quantity and manipulation of the material, as well 
 as in the processes of drying and burning. The articles of this kind 
 exhibited by the house of Messrs. Borie, Brothers, were admirable. 
 Terra cotta was shewn to be applicable to a new use, as a stuCCO Or 
 plaster, in places in which damp might destroy ordinary mortar. 
 
 Next after Canada, in the exhibition of timber, as a material for build- 
 ing, came Jamaica, British Guiana, New South Wales, Van Diemen's 
 Land and Algeria, particularly in respect to flooring and woods for in- 
 ternal decoration, Among the articles exhibited by Algeria, we noticed 
 the wood called Thüuya or, Citre which was 50 highly prized by the 
 Romans. Cicero is said to have paid for a table made of this wood, 
 a sum equal to £5000 of our currency. In the Algerine collection, were 
 specimens carefully selected from the root, the trunk, the branches and 
 knots of the tree, in order to shew the variegated colors of each part. 
 
 Sweden, Norway, Austria, Tuscany, and several other States exhibited 
 speceimens of timber suitable both for building and cabinet work, which 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 ———_— are De mer nl To PR ce mm ot —"°" 
 
 
 
 we have alreadÿ had occasion to notice in a general way, under the head 
 of Products of the Forest. 
 
 À word relative to the processes of two French inventions, one 
 for the preservation of wood, the other for coating very soft species 
 of stone as a defence against exfoliation or éfflorescence. Mr. Bou- 
 cheni produces by pressure the complete saturation of the pores of 
 timber with a solution of sulphate of copper, while the wood is still 
 green. The expense of the process and of the material is about 15. per 
 cubic metre (30 feet cubic) of soft wood. Thus pine of superior quality, 
 worth 6d. per foot, would, after saturation, cost 1s. per foot. As a test of 
 the eflicacy of his plan Mr. Boucheni exhibited the results of 18 years’ 
 experience. Raïlroad ties of bouleau, laid down nine years ago, had 
 been taken up in order to be exhibited. They were in a state of perfect 
 preservation, while similar pieces, laid down with them at the same 
 time, were totally decayed. Mr. Kulman, by repeated moistening of 
 the surface of soft stone, coats them with a layer of silex. This he calls 
 silicating. Now this silication*costs about 1s. per square metre (9 or 10 
 square feet) and renders the softest stone as durable as the hardest kinds. 
 
 We may be allowed to cite the flattering compliments paid to Canada 
 by Mr. Tresca : Canada,” he says, “is a land of hope not hhkely to be dis- 
 ‘appointed. Active, intelligent, enterprising, beyond all other distinct nations, 
 “which equally abound in the elements of industrial production, tt claims and 
 “ demands our attention.” 
 
 In the department of metals as materials for building purposes, we 
 noticed among many other articles, cast-iron pillars for beacons, wharvés, 
 and bridges; Tirons for floors, from several factories of France, in which 
 country this method of building prevails extensively ; waved sheet- 
 iron from the French factory of Montataire, used in roofing without 
 rafters or irons, piping for water-works 10 feet long by 3 feet diameter 
 cast at the foundry of Fourchambault in France, for the city of Madrid. 
 
 We must not omit to mention the large models of tressels, scaffolding, 
 roofhng and other articles connected with building exhibited by Messrs. 
 Neveu & Co. of Paris; as that gentleman is à master in his profession 
 and one of those who advocate and maintain the use of wooden ma- 
 terials in building, against the encroachments of iron. It is impossible 
 to give in this place even a hasty sketch of the numérous models of 
 public works, French and foreign, which were exhibited. France had 
 booms, both temporary and permanent, tunnels, water-works, viaducts, 
 bridges, and light-houses, alse a model of a bridge now being built over 
 the Seine opposite to the Hotel de Ville. This bridge, of one arch, while 
 very light in appearance, evinces a degrée of boldness, never equalled, in 
 the arrangement of the key of the arch. An engineer named Martin, 
 
 
 
329 
 
 + 
 
 
 
 who is also an artist, was struck with the difference in an artistic view, 
 between stone bridges and iron bridges, and with the mean appearanee 
 of the latter, and has endeavored in erecting his bridge at Tarascon to 
 give to metal bridges, together with the durability of stone, the same 
 handsome monumental appearance. All honor to Mr. Martin who has 
 thus continued to mingle the useful with the beautiful, as qualities 
 equally necessary ! 
 
 In the English Exhibition, there was a model of the tubular bridge 
 over the Menai, which sinks somewhat in dignity before the undertaking 
 of the Victoria Bridge ; a model of the harbor of Grimsby at the mouth 
 of the Humber, and another of a similar work at Wearmouth. 
 
 VI 
 FIFTH GROUP. 
 MANUFACTURES OF MINERAL PRODUCTS. 
 Classes 15, 16, 17, 18. 
 
 Let us cast an eye over the fifteenth class, relating to rough and manu- 
 factured steel. There is a species of this material now largely manufac- 
 tured, and the use of which is rapidly extending, for the fabrication of 
 common tools, parts of steam-engines, and even ordinary carriages. This 
 is called puddled steel. It is not more costly than malleable iron, inas- 
 much as itis produced by merely interrupting, at a given moment, the 
 process of decarbonizing cast iron while rendering it malleable. Puddlèd 
 steel, therefore, is merely cast-iron less charged with carbon than the cast- 
 ing of the blast furnace, or iron containing more carbon than malleable iron 
 contains. This discovery, so simple in its nature, is due to Mr. Stengel, 
 a Prussian, and was improved on in Belgium and France. It is now, 
 “{he great fact in metallurgy,” to use the words of a connoisseur. No 
 country is in a better position than Canada to produce this steel, which is 
 destined to supersede iron, very advantageously, in many of its uses. 
 
 Yorkshire has placed England in the first rank among the nations which 
 produce the steel of commerce in respect of quantity. These English 
 stéels are made of Swedish iron. Next after England comes Austria, in 
 which country the provinces of Styria and Carinthia manufacture a large 
 quantity and of superior quality; then France, represented principally by 
 thé steel factories of the Loire, and, lastly, Prussia and Sweden. 
 
 Cast steel is now used for many purposes, to which it was considered 
 inapplicable but à few years since. In the exhibition of bells, cauldrons, 
 cannon, plates for engraving on steel, springs, pieces of machinery, rails 
 
 
 
ne 
 
 a re - : 
 
 A 
 et mm > = 
 15œ 0. Tr Er 
 
 bee >. — e 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ee ee eme rene . To + + Re | 
 
 
 
 
 
 for railways, we observed cast steel to be used, instead of iron, giving 
 the advantage of much greater strength, with equal weight, andit is 
 probable ere long, at reduced cost. 
 
 In the manufacture of common tools and articles of that class, three coun- 
 tries seemed 10 supply the demands of a large export trade, being in the or- 
 der of the quantity supplied, England, Prussia, Austria. France is self-sup- 
 plying, but exports little. Sheffield, in England, and Solingen on the 
 
 thine, are the chief centres of product'on. 
 
 The problem to be solved in the production of tools, as of other articles 
 in ordinary use, is how to produce the best article at the lowest remune- 
 rative price. Taking both these conditions into the account, France, 
 England, Austria, Prussia, and Canada were on terms of perfect equality. 
 Austria has a reputation for the manufacture of scythes which she has 
 always maintained. About 6,000,000 are made in each year, and 1,850,000 
 sickles and chopping knives. In order to give an idea of the beauty, taste, 
 and luxury displayed in certain articles, on the one hand ; and on the other 
 of the cheapness at which similar articles can be produced, we may 
 remark that there are scissors to be had at £10 per pair, and scissors at 
 1d. per pair, that there are razors sold at 1s. per dozen, which will not 
 shave, and razors which will shave well, at 1s. each. 
 
 It would be useless to give a more detailed account of the articles in 
 this class. We must limit ourselves to those which obtained marked 
 distinction, and to new modes of production, new demands of fashion, 
 in order that our countrymen may reap some benefit fron an Exhibition 
 which they could not visit, though they contributed to it so nobly. 
 
 The sixteenth class, to which we now come, related to {he fabrication 
 of metal articles of ordinary use. It would be tedious to mention all 
 the articles comprised in the extensive exhibition of this class, to which 
 so many had contributed, but in which the improvements apparent bore 
 no comparison to those cited in the other classes relating to the manufac- 
 ture of metallic articles : for the simple reason, probably, that articles of 
 this class being in every day use, have been speedily brought to a certain 
 height of perfection, which cannot be exceeded, except by the silent 
 working of time. 
 
 We have already noticed the high intelligence manifested in the 
 manufacture of cast-iron articles in Europe, and the beautiful exhibition 
 made by the Coalbrookdale Company, whose articles occupied a space 
 near that of Canada. Other manufacturers obtained notice, as Mr. 
 Ducel and the foundry at Val d’Osne in France, and Messrs. Réquilé, 
 Pecqueur and Buckens at Belgium ; but as we have no commentary to 
 make of any practical utility, it would be tedious to enumerate the 
 
 
 
391 
 
 
 
 
 
 a ——_—_————_—_———_— 
 
 
 
 tm SE Rens 
 
 various branches composing the sections of this class, particularly as it 
 is connected with those which precede and follow it. 
 
 Among the articles in copper, we noticed the large pieces of wire eloth 
 and metallie sieves, contributed by the German States and the sheet- 
 copper sent by Prussia and France. We must not omit to mention the 
 collection of utensils and articles of zinc, by the Société de la Vieille 
 Montagne. As instances of the precious metals applied to ordinary 
 uses, and to utensils, for chemical manipulation, the articles exhibited 
 by Messrs. Desmontis, Chapuis and Co. of France, and those by Messrs. 
 Benham and Froud of England, obtained notice. 
 
 The most successful in the fabrication of metal articles for common 
 purposes were Messrs. Delloye-Mathieu of Belgium, the house Of 
 Bochum of Prussia, and Messrs. Dietrich, Barbezat, Mouchel and 
 Roswag, and the house of Romilly in France. 
 
 The next class, the seventeenth, relates exclusively to articles of luxury, 
 and includes goldsmiths’ work, jewelry and the fabrication of bronzes. 
 
 On the subject of jewelry and goldsmiths’ work, we shall say nothing, 
 inasmuch as we could only give a list of names which would convey a 
 very faint idea of the wealth exhibited ; moreover the names may be found 
 in the preceding series. We shall, however, say a few words relative to 
 to the last section in this class, namely that ofthe bronzes. 
 
 This branch which is essentially allied to art, is peculiarly Parisian. 
 Within these few years the discoverÿ of the galvanoplastic art, that of 
 the method of copying by a mechanical process, the master-pieces of 
 sculpture, and that of the use of zinc, and some economical compounds, 
 have greatly enlarged the field of this species of manufacture, by enabling 
 its professors to sell, at prices which are within the reach of persons of 
 middling fortune, fine copies of the great works. It is possible, for 
 instance, thanks to electro metallurgy, to procure for a few shillings, a 
 copy of a bas-relief, on a reduced scale, but possessing all the merit of 
 the original in its relative proportions. 
 
 The process of copying, by a mechanical process, here mentioned, is 
 due to two operators, of artistic talent whose names ought to be placed 
 in record, Messrs. Collas and Sauvage. The processes of these artists 
 are different, but both are perfectly successful. The sale of real works 
 of art, at cheap rates, must evidently produce an immense effect in the 
 taste of the people. Messrs. Susse, Barbedienne and others, for instance, 
 are prepared to supply on terms within tke means of persons of ordinarÿ 
 fortune, copies of the Venus of Milo, and of the Apollo Belvedère, in 
 short of all the master-pieces of modern and ancient statuary in 
 plaster ; and copies in metal on a smaller scale at moderate prices. 
 
 
 

 
 992 
 
 ne oo CE as Z me = — mms "À 
 
 ——— ——_….…———…————…—…——……— ….……—…——— .———.."".  —"îñ“%“_———_——— ZZ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 To this class belong also these beautiful imitations of plants in metal, 
 with their natural colors; with such plants covered with imperishable 
 leaves; and unfading flowers, the fountains of-the Palace of the Exhibition 
 were embellished. Prussia seems to reserve to itself the exclusive privilege 
 of fabricating those beautiful castings, of velvet smoothness, imitating the 
 
 Le 
 
 finest lace work, and ornaments which no one else can imitate. 
 
 The Universal Exhibition of 1855 was rich in articles of the eighteenth 
 class, namely that of glass, porcelain and pottery, in respect both of 
 quantity and excellence. 
 
 In the manufacture of bottle-glass, the inhabitants of the wine growing 
 countries naturally take precedence, as necessity is the mother of invention ; 
 accordingly France, Austria and the Rhenish provinces sent the finest 
 Specimens of bottles and glassés; Austria éspecially, had in the annexe a 
 trophy of bottles full of wine, exhibiting at the same time the wines and the 
 vessels in which they are deposited for exportation. 
 
 Numerous were the articles of window and plate glass, which were 
 exhibited from all the countries of Europe. The two large plates from 
 France especially, and one from Belgium, were looked upon as models of 
 perfection, and triumphs over the difliculties of the art. The same may be 
 said of a collection of glass vessels, contained one within another, to the 
 number of one hundred and four. 
 
 France, Austria, and Bavaria were distinguished for their exhibitions of 
 crystals. With respect to crystal lustres, France and England are the sole 
 producers, and this manufacture, the handmaid of luxury,was magnificently 
 reprensented by two candelabra and the large lustre from the French 
 crystal works of Baccarat, and by a eandelabrum. from Messrs, Osler & 
 Co. of England, 
 
 We have to notice an experiment made in France with signal success 
 in the manufacture of crystal. ‘This consisted ia substituting boracie acid 
 or silex and zinc for lead. It produces a material harder and less fusible, 
 and renders the glass infinitely preferable to all others for optical purposes; 
 but more refractory for engraving and gilding by heat. 
 
 The manufacture of crystals m Bohemia, presents a fact, seen elsewhere 
 and in other pursuits, but which is worthy of being noticed and kept con- 
 stantly before the eyes of political economists and the heads of industrial 
 establishments: labor carried on by families at home. Those magnificent 
 crystals so perfectly eut and polished, are wrought and perfected, by 
 country people and their families, in their cottages, at those Seasons when 
 it is impossible to pursue the labors of the field. We have no time to 
 comment on this fact, but it contains the solution of a problem in social 
 
 
 
399 
 
 om 
 
 economy, the corollary of which is the maintenance of a healthy equili- 
 brium between the aggregate of population and the number engaged in 
 agriculture, and the prevention of too great a centralization of the masses, 
 too often the origin and cause of misery and demoralization. The ceramic 
 art has made wonderful advances. The potter now manufactures porti- 
 coes, as he formerly fashioned milk-pots. He is become an artist, and 
 statues or groups of statues issue from his hands. He proves that form, not 
 matter, rules in work of art. 1t would be tedious to describe all that was 
 exhibited in pottery, common or monumental, in earthenware or porcelain, 
 branches in which all contended for the palm; always excepting the por- 
 celain of Sevres, which had no equal, though it found many imitators. 
 One word we must say on those machines for tempering and grinding 
 clay, for bricks and earthen pipes, and those moulding-machines, which 
 turn out bricks and pipes, with a saving of time and money which are 
 truly astonishing. Several of them were in operation in the annexe, par- 
 ticularly in the French and English compartments. The most important 
 feature, perhaps, of this mechanical fabrication, consists in the fact, that.any 
 one could purchase at a reasonable rate, these pipes for deep drainage 
 which are destined, by their general use, to effect a total change in the 
 agriculture of the world. As our space does not permit us to describe 
 these processes, the adoption of which is becoming universal, and which 
 render art .s0 largely subsidiary to the pursuits of agriculture, we shall 
 mention the names of the two persons who have effected the most in 
 furtherance of this great end, and whose publications ought to be read 
 by all educated farmers, particularly those who possess capital. It may 
 easily be supposed that we mean the Marquis de Bryas, and Mr. Parkes 
 the English Engineer. 
 
 LL 
 
 
 
 ne Te 2 ” 
 RÉ nt D LS 2e 
 
 eo 7 
 re 7 — E 
 me 
 
a ER Ni _— 
 ARE, 
 _. "ER ER ue anges ee 
 
 mm 
 em 
 
 ( 
 | 
 | 
 
 
 
 La 
 
 1 TEE 
 
 F- à + Sn sens sé +, 
 RE EE 
 
 
 
 394 
 
 
 
 — + 
 
 VIL. 
 SIXTH GROUP. 
 MANUFACTURE OF TISSUES. 
 Classes 19, 20, 21, 22, 23. 
 
 We shall cast a rapid glance over the nincteenth, twentieth, twenty-first, 
 twenty-second and twenty-third classes. These comprehended almost a 
 fourth part of the whole number of exhibitors at the Great Exhibition, 
 that is to say, 5,000. The general aim in the manufacture of tissues 1s 
 low prices. Acccordingly spun cotton, which ten years ago cost 6s. per 
 yard, now costs but 3s., and woollen cloths were exhibited in the Econ- 
 omical Gallery costing only 2s. per yard. This advance towards cheapness 
 seems to be made from time to time, subject to two conditions: at first, 
 it is cheapness only : that is to say, the diminished cost is obtained in the 
 first place, generally speaking, at the expense of quality ; but, that point 
 being attained, the manufacturer perceives the nevessity of improving the 
 intrinsic value of the article, and, while the selling price remains at the 
 same point, the goods improve, so that after the lapse of a few years, an 
 article is produced at half the primitive cost, fully equal in value, intrinsi- 
 cally, to that of the previous period, 
 
 England occupies the first place among the nations for the quantity of 
 cotton manufactured in every form of preparation, and stands second to 
 none in respect of quality; except, perhaps, in a kind which seems pecu- 
 liar to the town of Lille, This is an imitation ef watered silk (motre 
 antique) in cotton. England produces nearly one-half of all the cotton 
 goods sold throughout the world. Its factories contain 18,000,000 spindles, 
 and spin nearly 600,000,000 Ibs. of cotton yearly. France reckons 
 4,500,000 spindles, and produces 144,000,000 Ibs. of cotton yarn. FE. 
 Europe, Austria stands next to France, Prussia and the Zollverein to 
 Austria, next Spain, then Belgium. This gradation refers to quantity. 
 In respect to quality, all countries are perceptibly on the same level. We 
 here speak only of the countries which took a serious part in this section 
 of the Exhibition. Of others, it appears that the United States reckon 
 nearly 6,000,000 spindles, and accordingly take rank next after England ; 
 
 
 
 
 
339 
 
 
 
 ———— 
 
 and that Russia stands next to Austria in respect of quantity; but that 
 neither the United States nor Russia has, in respect of quality, all consi- 
 dered, attained the perfection achieved by the nations above mentioned, 
 in many branches of the cotton manufacture. There is a tendency, on 
 every hand, to introduce a combination of cotton with other materials of 
 textile fabrics, substituting it, in many kinds of goods, for wool, flax, 
 hemp, and even silk. This is natural, with a view to cheapness ; thus we 
 have wool and cotton, silk and cotton, linen and cotton, and cotton mixed 
 with various other materials. 
 
 In the manufacture of flax and hemp, France, Austria, Prussia, and 
 Ireland stand foremost, and equal, in respect of quantity. Ireland takes 
 precedence, perhaps, in respect of the production of ordinary goods, but 
 France is far before that country, in fancy goods and the finer articles 
 generally. Nearly all (or at least the greater part of ) the articles of this 
 class, from the United Kingdom, are manufactured in Ireland. Belgium 
 shares the distinction of France in respect of quality, and is on a par with 
 the German States, and next after the countries above mentioned, in 
 regard to quality. 
 
 In the manufacture of linen and hempen goods, particularly of the 
 former, a great part of the spinning, on the Continent, is still done by 
 hand. It would be a question worthy of consideration, how far we might 
 succeed, by a suitable organization of domestic labor, and in circumstances 
 favorable to substantial competition with the large manufacturing estab- 
 lishments, in producing the same articles, and thus diminishing the still 
 increasing centralization of the masses, which is attended, in the large 
 factories, by that mixture of all ages and both sexes, which produces de- 
 moralization and wretchedness. 
 
 Several new materials for the loom, or but recently used 10 a serious 
 extent, now engage public attention. One is the Urtca Nivea, of which 
 England exhibited manufactured specimens, under the name of China 
 Grass. Others are the Agave, Manilla hemp, the fibres of the cocoa-nut, 
 the palm, of the mulberry, the date, and of a number of others. What do 
 not the savage tribes of the Pacific contrived to effect with the bark of the 
 cedar ? Itis one of the principal objects of mechanical invention of the 
 day to discover methods of applying new materials to the textile art, which 
 till recently was limited to the use of hemp and flax. This is a result of 
 the constantly increasing demand, especially for naval purposes, 
 
 This fact which has been evident for so many years, ought to lead us to 
 consider that in Canada our soil and our climate, and the hydrological 
 conditions of the country are admirably adapted forthe cultivation of hemp, 
 which in fact used to be exported from Canada. 
 
 
 
| rence 
 ren TERRE Te 
 EE MES 
 
 } 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 380 
 
 
 
 
 
 In woollen manufactures the same relative positions are taken, that is to 
 say, that France, Austria, Prussia, England, the United Statesand Belgium 
 rank first with respect to the quantity produced, and that nearlv all the 
 nations are on a par with respect to the quality of the wool produced. It 
 is, however, but just to add, that the progress in England, France and 
 Belgium as regards fine cloths, is due entirely to the efforts of the manu- 
 facturers, whilst as regards Austria, Prussia and Saxony, their position is 
 partly due to their altogether special situation with reference to the pro- 
 duction of the raw material; the flocks of Saxony, Silesia, Hungary and 
 Moravia produce the finest wool in the world. 
 
 With respect to the price of cloths of similar qualities, the different 
 countries appear to rank as follows: Austria, Prussia, Saxony, Belgium, 
 France;and England ; the cheapness of material and low price of labor 
 are conditions peculiarly in favor of Austria. 
 
 Woollen stuffs are divided in the first place into embroidered, woven and 
 felted ; the woven stuffs are divided into three special classes, light and 
 napless fabrics made of long carded wool, fulled and milled fabrics, made of 
 short carded wool, and lastly, mixed fabrics, a sufficiently vague definition. 
 
 In England the fabrics are principally of long wool; Austrian manufac- 
 tures are of short wool; France excels in the class of novelties and 
 embroidered stuffs ; French cashmeres are the only ones which can 
 compete with those of India. 
 
 Next tothe woollen fabrics are placed all those fabrics in which the 
 skins and hair of different animals constitute the only material, or are 
 mixed with cotton, woolor thread. 
 
 Germany alone has exhibited stuffs made from wool taken from the rags 
 of old cloth. This manufacture the French call Renaissance. Holland formerly 
 so celebrated for her cloth manufactures and so proud of her special fame, 
 has now lost her glory, and presents perhaps the most striking instance, in 
 this branch, of rapid and complete decay. 
 
 Of silk manufactures there were about one thousand exhibitors, the 
 countries holding the first rank in this department were as follows : France 
 521 exhibitors, Switzerland 94, Austria 86, Prussia 49, the Sardinian States 
 37, England 85, Spain 30, Tuscany 80, States of the Church 12,—there 
 were also others from several other States. 
 
 It appears that France alone produces nearly one-half of all the articles 
 in silk which are sold throughout the whole world, and in this branch of 
 industry France is distinguished, both by the superiority and quantity of 
 her productions. Nothing ean compare with the articles of silk from the 
 manufactories of Lyons, Paris and St. Etienne. 
 
 
 
ds Me - 0 
 
 
 
 For the purposes of this work it is useless to give more than that general 
 formation which no one ought to be without, with respect to the various 
 branches of manufacture and which may tend to enlighten the merchant to 
 a certain extent with reference to the situation of the various markets, and 
 the respective qualities and prices of the articles, 
 
 Let us pass on to the articles in the twenty-third class, which comprises 
 hosiery, carpets, embroideries, laces and gold and silver fringes. 
 
 To give an idea of the immense difference between the intrinsic values 
 of the original materials employed in this class, it will suffice to say, that for 
 the greater part of these manufactures, the price of the thread varies from 
 10s. of our money up to £250 per pound, that is to say, in the proportion 
 of one to five hundred, and to give an idea of the importancé of the manu- 
 facture of lace and embroideries, it will be enough to state that it employs 
 in Europe about 1,300,000 women and young girls. This branch of 
 industry is the more interesting, from the fact, that it is almost the only 
 one which permits the work people to labor in their own dwellings, and 
 which does not expose them to the dangerous promiscuousness of the 
 factory. At this branch the young mother may work with her children 
 around her, under her husband’s own roof, and the young girl in the 
 paternal domicile surrounded by her brothers and sisters under her mother’s 
 ‘eye. 
 
 Imitation cotton lace is made by machinery and can be sold as low as 
 one-half-penny per yard. 
 
 The materials of which these beautiful fabrics ase composed, are linen, 
 silk, woollen and cotton thread, sometimes mingled with gold or silver 
 thread. 
 
 France and Belgium excel all other countries in the fabrication of 
 laces, prints and embroidery. France surpasses Belgium in the making 
 of black and white silklaces, and fancy articles ; Belgium excels France 
 in Brussels and Valenciennes points. Next to these two countries rank 
 Austria, Switzerland and Scotland, In the manufacture of laces, twists, 
 &c., in fact lace making and embroidery in general, particularly em- 
 broidery for religious purposes, France, Belgium, Austria and Switzerland 
 hold the highest rank. 
 
 In tapestry work there is one branch which the workers carry on at 
 home ; this is peculiar to Sweden, and has attracted attention as an art, 
 as a production, and as a social question ; this is the manufacture of 
 tapestry embroidered with the needle. We have only now a word to 
 say of the beautiful French manufacture of tapestry ; let us remark the 
 tapestry from Aubusson and other factories and pass gradually to the 
 
 W 
 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 
 FT 
 
 = 
 
 camille 
 
 = 
 
 + - 
 
 D © “ch 
 
 TT Q 
 ..s 
 
 MSP re NE; 
 
 LES 
 
 he 7 toit 
 NeEt= + 
 nt G — 
 
 
 

 
 D RS ET ER 
 
 TPE 
 
 RE 
 
 fl 
 nn 
 
 
 
 338 
 
 ÉTÉ bee SR RARE PER Pc re a CS 
 
 
 
 
 
 tapestry of Beauvais and Gobelins, which must be considered not so 
 much in an industrial as in an artistic point of view. When by a line 
 traced with worsted thread can be produced, the composition, drawing 
 and coloring of Raphael’s Miraculous draught of jishes, and Philippe 
 Champaigne’s Dead Christ, the worker must not only be an artist but a 
 skilful one. Beauvais is devoted more particularly to the manufacture 
 of tissues for house and furniture decoration. 
 
 To the exhibition of Gobelins hangings may be added the beautiful 
 velvet carpets called savonnerie, which is now a branch of manufacture 
 at Gobelins. One of these carpets, the velvet of which, worked with the 
 needle, is more than an inch in thickness, and at which four workinen 
 have labored seven years, is worth £6,000. 
 
 The countries which ranked next to France in tapestry work, were 
 England, Austria and Prussia. 
 
 VIIT. 
 SEVENTH GROUP. 
 
 FURNITURE AND DECORATION, ARTICLES OF CLOTHING, &C., AND DRAWIN& 
 
 AND MODELLING APPLIED TO INDUSTRY, PRINTING AND MUSIC. 
 Classes, 24, 25, 26, 21. 
 
 The exhibition of furniture resulted in great success to France, and 
 especially to Paris ; the only fault found with the exhibitors was, that 
 they did not display specimens enough of the common furniture in ordi- 
 nary use. It is impossible to describe the richness and beauty of this 
 vast collection of French furniture. 
 
 We remarked as deserving of praise an English pier glass with a rose 
 wood frame, from a design by Mr. Brigneaux, a French artist, the work- 
 manship, however, was altogether English ; a fine oak book-case from 
 Denmark, and some pulpits for churches, and a niche carved in oak, 
 with a statue of the Virgin, by a Dutch artist. 
 
 
 
339 
 # 
 EE 
 In all these branches, designs have to be obtained from Paris or the 
 other industrial centres of France, and this should not be forgotten by 
 those of our cabinet makers who are desirous of being initiated into the 
 
 secrets Of harmony and mathematical precision in the adjustment of the 
 parts and taste in the decorations and accessories. 
 
 In the other branches of decoration, France always maintained a vast 
 superiority, but the foreign exhibitions were more worthy of remark than 
 on the former occasion in 1851 ; thus Austria exhibited fine carvings in 
 Wagram stone ; Rome, Tuscany, and Sardinia, fine mosaic work applied to 
 decorative furniture ; England, some magnificent work boxes, Scotland, her 
 fancy articles shewing the various tartans : Germany, her fancy smoking 
 contrivances. 
 
 In Morocco leather work, England and France evince decided 
 superiority. 
 
 For paper hangings, France took the same rank which she had carried 
 by assault for furniture. It would be alike useless and tedious to enter 
 into details respecting the different materials employed in the manufacture 
 of furniture, &c., carton-pierre, papier maché, &c. : we have only to observe 
 that Paris alone manufactures £200,000 worth of furniture, and therefore 
 as the different varieties of timber are the chief materials in this branch 
 of industry, which is daily increasing in importance, it is a market, the 
 conditions of which Canada ought to study with some care. 
 
 The twenty-fifth class was divided into two principal sections, articles 
 of clothing properly so called, and fancy articles including canes, fans, 
 parasols, and other fancy articles. In this class, as in all those in which 
 taste alone is to be consulted, Paris gives the law, and France manufac- 
 tures for the whole world. From this general rule, we may except the 
 hats and fabrics of straw from Tuscany, Switzerland and Belgium, the 
 delicate fancy articles in wood from Switzerland, which are equal to those 
 of France of the same kind, some hair work from Prussia, meerschaum 
 pipes from Austria, and some cheap articles in gloves, hats and umbrellas 
 from England. 
 
 The most remarkable articles in point of usefulness at the Exhibition of 
 1855, were some water-proof fabrics of various kinds, seamless clothing 
 of felt, and clothing sewed by machinery, 
 
 This exhibition of clothing presents a very picturesque appearance, due 
 to the exhibition of historical costumes by the Property purveyors to the 
 Paris theatres, and the national and provincial costumes of the different 
 countries, turbans, vests, and embroidered caftans from the countries where 
 Islamism prevails, the gauzes and costumes of crimson velvet worked 
 
 
 
/ 
 { 
 » ! 2: 
 ; . 
 ? 1. 
 tu! 
 - À 
 s 1 b 
 M 7 
 | 
 (| 
 < 4 
 \ 
 . L- 
 Q 
 « 
 
 
 
 RER 2e. 
 EP À 
 
 De. 2 
 
 ri 
 
 340 
 
 
 
 
 
 with gold from Greece, clothing of various materials adorned with 
 #athers and shell-work and the spoils of the chase, by the Aborigenes 
 of America, Africa, and Oceanica, and above all, the precious stuffs and 
 sauzes embroidered with gold and precious stones used by the Princes of 
 India. 
 
 In this class is comprised the vast collection of toys, consisting of dolls, 
 figures, automata, and a thousand other trifles, usually placed on the mantel 
 piece or drawing-room table. In that class France, England, Austria, 
 Bavaria, Saxony, and Wurtemburg are the most distinguished : the United 
 States exhibited some toys of India rubber, and India some figures in 
 ivory and ebony representing the manners and customs, animals and 
 plants so peculiar to the East. It would be useless, indeed impossible, to 
 enter into any longer details respecting these classes, which, in an exami- 
 nation of this nature possess interest only as a whole, and for which a 
 brief description suflices. 
 
 The twenty-sixth class, relating to drawing, and modelling, applied to 
 industry, letter press and copper plate printing, photography, printing and 
 binding deserves a longer and more detailed examination than the classes 
 
 preceding. 
 
 In the happy application of art to industry and the. introduction of taste 
 into manufactured articles, we must notice particularly two mechanical 
 processes, both producing the same effects by slightly different means, viz., 
 the reproduction with the greatest exactitude, in fact à mathematical 
 exactitude of every déscription of object in relief and consequently of the 
 chef d'œuvres of sculpture and statuary. These processes invented almost 
 at the same time by two Frenchmen, Messrs. Sauvage and Collas in 1836, 
 have already worked wonders, especially in the manufacture of bronzes 
 and plaster casts, the entire aspect of which they have altogether renewed ; 
 the two master-pieces exhibited to illustrate these processes were à statue, 
 in plaster of the Venus of Milo, increased one-half, placed by the side of 
 a reduction by one-half of the same work, and the equestrian statue im 
 bronze of the Emperor Napoleon the Third, increased to double the size, 
 from the model by Mr. Debay. A host of other copies of all sizes and of 
 different materials, ancient and modern master-pieces, were exhibited in the 
 Palace and the annexes. 
 
 By means of wax, every variety of created being with all their colors, 
 reflections, physical appearances, varieties ofshade and transparency have been 
 reproduced. Even oysters have been copied in spite of the softness of the 
 substance which characterises them, and the reflections ever fleeting of the 
 motherofpearl composing their shells ; copied we say with a perfection waich 
 
 
 
341 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 astonishes and confounds one : this discovery has rendered immense service 
 to the physical sciences, and to medical study. 
 
 Beautiful carvings in wood and ivory and mouldings of different materials 
 both natural and artificial, form part of the fine and interesting exhibition 
 in the class we are now considering. The artists in these different branches 
 appear to have paid special attention to religious art, and from it to have 
 derived their most beautiful conceptions, and their most delicate execution: 
 There seems indeed to be some indefinable connection between the mate- 
 rial employed by the artist and the subjects which he treats; for example 
 there are groups and statues which are much more effective in bronze than 
 in marble and vice versa ; some descriptions of marble are more suited for 
 certain attitudes than for others, and this the artist feels ; there is one 
 subject which almost all ivory carvers have treated,—the Ecce Homo— 
 
 is not ivory admirably calculated to represent the sublime sacrifice of the 
 Saviour ? 
 
 Carton-pierre appears to enjoy special favor among the artificial sub- 
 stances employed in decoration, the frames of the magrificient pier glasses 
 in the exhibition were composed of this material. 
 
 Leather has been adapted to purposes of decoration and beautiful 
 hanging of leather worked in relief were to be secn in the palace of induStry. 
 
 Nearly all the countries of Europe have exhibited in the branches just 
 referred to ; France took the lead in this great concourse ; Austria possesses 
 the art of producing wax figures ; England exhibited beautiful decorations 
 in carton pierre, amongst other things, a church altar surmounted by a 
 statue of the Virgin ; and some beautiful medallions with hunting subjects. 
 Italy, and particularly Florence, has distinguished herself by her prepara- 
 tions in wax of subjects in natural history. 
 
 Lithography which has, in France especially, been brought to such per- 
 fection, is particularly valuable as a means of reproducing paintings from 
 the fact of its being able to exemplify the style and tone of the painter 
 with greater fidelity than engraving either on wood or steel. This art has 
 recently received a new application which goes by the name of chromoly- 
 thography, by which term we may understand engraving on stone with 
 colors. This process consists in the drawing upon as many stones as there 
 are colors or tints to apply, drawing on each stone only the part to be 
 produced in one particular color; the diffiiculty lay in giving the exact 
 precision to the different sections of the entire piece, and adjusting exactly 
 the divisions in all the details of the execution, This difficulty has been 
 overcome and perfection has been attained. Mr. Dufour, the author of the 
 celebrated Atlas Dufour has given to Mr. Logan a charming copy reduced 
 
 nd Ju + 
 - #0 + à 
 
 2 RE RS 
 
 L 
 , 
 } 
 «1 
 
 
 
= 
 ” [1 
 Sr 9 NE 
 
 
 
 342 
 
 oo 0 mn D a 
 ee — er 
 a — —— ———_——_—_—_—_—_—_—_—_—_—_—_——_————a = 
 
 of the Geological chart of Canada, in which are contained 23 different 
 shades and colors. Copies are produced in this style of illuminated 
 manuscripts, the works of pious monks of the middle ages, which are 
 brought out with inconceivable fidelity and skill, 
 
 After France, Austria and England are the two countries in which litho- 
 graphy and chromolithography are cultivated with the greatest success. 
 We may remark that by means of chromolithography, the price of colored 
 maps and pictures has been reduced in the proportion of three to one. 
 
 England maintains her old superiority in the style of engraving called by 
 the English mezzotinto, and which the French name manière noire. 
 
 It is useless to enlarge on the beauty of copper and steel engravings. 
 In wood engraving, which appears to have reached the zenith of its glory, 
 the different countries in which this art has been carried out, appear to 
 have attained about equal success, the process being more mechanical than 
 in the other branches of engraving. 
 
 The imitation of water colors is only carried out in England to any great 
 extent. 
 
 The astonishing and curious invention of Mr. Daguerre has, since it left 
 his hands, undergone various modifications ; besides daguerreotypes we 
 have now photographs taken on paper, leliography, that is to say, a style of 
 engraving in which light takes the place of the burin ofthe engraver. In 
 this latter branch the exhibitions from France, England, Greece, Florence, 
 Rome and Munich were especially worthy of notice. 
 
 We must not leave this subject without referring to the works of Messrs. 
 Solomon and Garnier of Chartres, who, by the application of a discovery 
 made by Mr. Niepce of St. Victor, have by a series of processes in which 
 sodine, mercury, acids and thick ink are the principal materials, succes- 
 sively or simultaneously employed, sueceeded in producing at will and very 
 rapidly, copies of crayon drawings, specimens of typography and of 
 prints or engravings exactly similar to the original models. 
 
 It would be impossible to describe the perfection at which typography 
 has now arrived. The two principal establishments in the world bave 
 ilustrated the history and progress of this wonderful art, which has 
 changed the aspect of the world. If Æsop, returning to the world bad 
 again to answer the double question, ‘ Which is the best and worst thing ?” 
 Instead of answering as he did before, “ The tongue,” he would certainly 
 say it was the art of printing. Let us return to the establishments to 
 which we referred, viz : the Imperial Printing Offices of France and Aus- 
 tria. 
 
 
 
343 
 
 
 
 ————— 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Imperial Printing Offce of France exhibited, as shewing the utmost 
 degree of perfection in typography attained in 1855, a folio edition of the 
 Imitation de Jésus Christ, with the translation into French verse by Pierre 
 Corneille, ornamented with vignettes and arabesques, executed by purely 
 typographical processes. All the Fs in this edition bear the distinguishing 
 mark of the type of the Imperial Printing Office of France, that is to say, 
 a small mark to the left of the letter, the distinctive sign of all the printed 
 matter issuing from this establishment.  - 
 
 The Imperial Printing Office of Austria exhibited, as the invention most 
 remarkable for its novelty, magnificent specimens obtained by the process 
 styled methode naturelle, invented in that fine establishment, ‘These con- 
 sisted of collections of plants, leaves, roots, ferns, sea-weeds, skins, and 
 other produce of living animals, also laces and tissues. These productions 1n 
 demi-relief are obtained by the impression of the object itself on a thin 
 sheet of lead, and then taken from the surface of this ductile metal by the 
 electrotype process. In order to obtain the first impression on the lead, the 
 leaf or other object is placed between a plate of lead and another of pol- 
 ished steel or copper, and the whole is then submitted to the action of 
 a rolling press. Nothing can exceed the beauty and fidelity of these 
 copies ; by means of this process all public institutions may be provided 
 with copies of those beautiful herbals which are now confined exclusively 
 to a few great and old families, for it is impossible by any other means to pro- 
 duce in relief the characteristics of plants which it may be sought to study. 
 
 In this class also is comprised the exhibition of designs for manufac- 
 tures, an art which gives that superiority to France in all classes of pro- 
 ducts in which good taste is of any importauce, À manufacturer here 
 executes everything in accordance with a design prepared by an artist who 
 devotes himself specially to the branch, the latter has nothing whatever to 
 do with the mechanical processes, and the business of the workman is only 
 to produce with exactness the design submitted by the artist. In the 
 panorama we perceive the most beautiful designs for stuffs, ornamental and 
 fancy articles and articles of clothing and furniture. 
 
 Type founding being the chief element of good and beautiful typo- 
 graphy, it is necdless to say what perfection it has attained. ‘The progress 
 in this manufacture which has enabled typography to rival engraving and 
 lithography in the production and imitation of arabesques and penmanship 
 is due to Mr. Derriey of Besançon, an artist and type founder, to whom is 
 principally due the bringing to perfection of vignettes in typography. 
 Now, however eccentric may be the signature of a man of law, an exact 
 typographie imitation of it may be produced by moveable type. 
 
 4) 
 {8 
 ù 
 w 
 
 44! 
 
 FES 
 
 timing etes 
 ju 44 + Sn an É 
 
 2 + 
 
 Su dem 2 
 
 ER 
 
 
 
De A 
 
 DR SE ; 
 his ie 
 
 sn 
 a mt 
 
 (4 
 #1 
 
 4 
 ( 
 : 
 ' 
 
 1) 
 
 : 
 
 3 
 $ 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 _ . 
 
 
 
 
 
 344 
 
 
 
 —__—— ———— 
 
 
 
 Book binding was represented at the Exhibition in all its varied forms 
 from the monumental styles exhibited in the French and Austrian com- 
 partments, works of art in which the purest taste has been displayed and 
 in the preparation of which the most valuable materials have been employed 
 and fashioned in a thousand ways, to the cheap bindings in cotton, numer- 
 ous specimens of which were sent by England.  Illuminated covers 
 for the decoration of drawing-room tables or for school prizes were ex- 
 hibited by Mr. Lenègre of Paris. We notice also beautiful gilded covers 
 and metallic binding, by Mr. Gasté of Paris, applied to public registers 
 and mercantile books, and which by their peculiar style and solidity form 
 a distinct branch of the manufacture. 
 
 The twenty-seventh class, which is the last which relates to manufac- 
 tures, includes musical instruments of all kinds. 
 
 We shall only offer à few general remarks to note the most recent im- 
 provements in this class, which numbered nearly 500 exhibitors, of whom 
 350 were French. 
 
 An improvement which it is said has worked wonders, as regards sound 
 in wind instruments of wood, is the enlarged arrangement at the outside of 
 the holes, which in these instruments are not stopped directly by the fingers, 
 but by means of a small contrivance for the purpose. 
 
 In wind instruments of copper, it seems that by allowing large diame- 
 ters to the curves, an immense effect is produced in the quantity and 
 quality of the sound. 
 
 The celebrity of Italian violins from the town of Cremona is well 
 known. This reputation was due to four or five makers, who no longer 
 exist, but whose talent was such that great artistes have paid as much as 
 £1,000 for a Cremona, for so are these violins called. A Parisian maker, 
 Mr. Vuillaume, has succeeded in imitating so perfectly that the difter- 
 ence cannot be distinguished, the style, workmanship, arrangements and 
 the varnish of Cremonas, and what is better still, the real merit as regards 
 sound, of these celebrated instruments, satisfying thus both caprice and 
 necessity : this caprice perhaps should not be called so, for without 1ts 
 exigencies such great perfection might never have been attained. 
 
 We shall say nothing of the organs, harmoniums and pianos, of which 
 there are about 400 specimens. Every one knows the name of Erard, 
 
 whose pianos have as great a reputation as the violins of Cremona. The 
 head of this firm died during the Exhibition and the direction passes to 
 
 the nephew of the deceased, who was himself a nephew of his predeces- 
 sor. This firm has acquired a princely fortune, and owns the celebrated 
 
 
 
345 
 
 a ————__————— 
 D oo mo = 
 
 
 
 
 
 ———_———— me mme 
 
 estate of Passy, known as the Chateau de la Muette. The firm of Erard 
 has a branch in London. 
 
 We may mention the mechanical piano by Mr. Debain of Paris, on 
 which you may play without being a musician, as you play on a barrel 
 organ, by turning a handle, but, by means of an excellent piano key- 
 board, (the very best if you like) the keys of which are acted upon by 
 notes of music, represented on small boards by metallic points, which 
 perform like a great master. Thus you have one of Mr. Debain’s me- 
 chanical pianos, you ask for the music of a new opera, it is sent to you 
 noted on à board, with the breves, crochets, &c., you place it in the 
 slide of your piano, you set some one to turn the handle, and you hear 
 the opera beautifully executed. Mr. Debain gives nearly 100 pieces of 
 music noted on boards to thuse who purchase his pianos. 
 
 The countries which most distinguished themselves in the fabrication 
 of musical instruments, were France, Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, Italy 
 and Belgium. Naples is particularly celebrated for her inimitable chan- 
 terelles. Ofcopper instruments Austria had as many exhibitors as France, 
 This was we believe the only section in the whole exhibition in which a 
 foreign state had as many exhibitors as France. 
 
 IX. 
 THIRTY-FIRST CLASS. 
 
 We have already referred to this interesting elass of domestic economy. 
 In the recapitulation of prizes we shall see the success obtained respec- 
 tively by each nation; letsus here mention the classes in which the 
 different nations excelled in cheap productions. In this class were 
 comprised articles connected with printing destined to furnish means of 
 instruction to the working classes. In this class Messrs. Mamé & Co. of 
 Tours, have received the Great Medal of Honor, {or their educational 
 works, and other publications, combining excellence of quality, at a low 
 price, the combination of which two elements alone constitütes cheap- 
 ness,. 
 
 In the section relating to the preparation of articles of food, we remark 
 with interest the various Italian meals and pastes, the meals and preserved 
 
 
 
di star 
 
 nes © mere rit 
 
 
 
 : , 
 Let 77e - pe vares 
 pe RÉ S  E 
 
 
 
 
 
 346 
 
 RTE En pr mea erm 
 
 meats of France, and Canada, the beautiful preserved fruits and vegetables 
 of France, the French and Rhine wines. The countries which are 
 distinguished in this section are,—in the order of success obtained,— 
 France, Portugal, Sardinia, the German States, and Canada. Austria 
 exhibited some wine of good body, at an excessively low price, and 
 Spain some dried fruits at very moderate prices. 
 
 Inthe section relating to clothing, we admiredthe cheap French cloths, but 
 especially those of Austria and Prussia, the French boots and shoes, the 
 Prussian and English cottons, and the cheap Austrian and Belgium 
 linens. As regards the number of prizes obtained in this section, the 
 different countries ranked as follows: France, Austria, Prussia, England, 
 the German States, Portugal, Canada and Belgium. 
 
 In the section relating to dwellings we remarked, French and English 
 economical methods of building, economical contrivances for lighting 
 from France, Belgium and Portugal. France exhibited nearly all the 
 articles in this section. 
 
 In the section relating to furniture, we observed iron furniture from 
 England and France, furniture of common woods from France, delf and 
 stoneware from England, France, and Portugal, and a fine collection of 
 coopers’ work from the United States. 
 
 We have already stated that, in this class, articles connected with 
 printing at low prices, destined for the education of the poorer classes 
 were admitted. In this branch France obtained several prizes, and 
 Prussia also for cheap engravings, destined for popular education. 
 
 It must be borne in mind that to derive profit from these observations, 
 it is necessary, in each class, to refer simultaneously to the different 
 series, and to the recapitulation which immediately follows the fourth 
 series, which contains the total number of prizes awarded to each 
 country,—this number may be compared, with the number of exhibitors 
 given at the commencement of these obsérvations ; these series are 
 rendered complete each one by the others. 
 
 Our labors are now brought to an end. A,writer has said : ‘“ Let us 
 « hope that this great exhibition will not be looked upon only as a 
 “ simple matter of curiosity on the partol the public, orasa simple question 
 of publicity and progress on the part of the exhibitors ;” were that all 
 indeed, the exhibition being concluded, nothing more remains. We 
 have endeavoured to derive from it some little information for Canada, 
 and have managed that some written documents shall remain in Europe, 
 which may serve to perpetuate for the benefit of the country, the useful 
 and practical remembrance of our own exhibition, Our motto has been : 
 & To diffuse information respecting Canada, and to study the industry 
 6 of other countries.” 
 
 
 
FOURTH SERIES. 
 
 A FEW WORDS ON THE UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION OF BREEDING ANIMALS. 
 
 The grand agricultural exhibition of breeding animals was held in 
 the Champ de Mars during the first month of the Industrial and Art 
 Exhibition which took place at Paris ; it formed a necessary addition to 
 the class of the great exhibition relating to agriculture. 
 
 The place set apart for this exhibition was a portion of the west side 
 of the lawns which border the Champ de Mars. Five rows of tents and 
 stalls tastefully ormamented, served as shelter for the 1684 animals sent 
 thither from the different countries of Europe ; wide passages, and 
 squares adorned with sparkling fountains and the trees in the vicinity, 
 aflorded shade, air, space and ventilation to the thousands of visitors 
 assembled there from all points. 
 
 The only species of animals admitted were, horned cattle, sheep, swine 
 and pouliry. The classification had provided two principal sections in 
 each class, viz: male or female animals of breeds foreign to France, 
 born and raised by foreigners out of the country, the property either of 
 foreigners or natives ; and male or female animals of either French or 
 foreign breeds, pure or crossed, born and raised in France. Fach section 
 was further divided into a certain number of classes, comprising the 
 different breeds. 
 
 At the close of the exhibition, His Excellency the Minister of Agricul- 
 ture deduced the conclusions to be drawn from the general results of 
 the exhibition : From comparative study,” said His Excellency, “ may 
 ‘ be drawn a rule to a certain degree fundamental. The three qualities 
 & (in horned cattle,) meat, milk and labor are very rarely united, The 
 ‘ predominance of one of these qualities speedily demonstrates the 
 ‘ absence of the other two.” 
 
 After an analytical study of the exhibition, of the diflerent varieties of 
 horned cattle, it scems clear : That the breeds which appear to unite the 
 largest proportional average of the three qualities specified, are the 
 French breeds of Salers, Aubrac, and Parthenai. 
 
 The breeds which were distinguished the most, for the quality of meat, 
 are the English Durham breed, which exceeds all the known breeds in 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 348 
 
 RE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 this respect and in point of precocity, and also the English Hereford and 
 Devon breeds. 
 
 The breeds which combine to the greatest degree, the two qualities of 
 milk and meat, are the Dutch breed, the Swiss, Fribourg and Schwitz 
 breeds, the English Ayrshire breed ; the Scotch breed, and the French 
 Normandy and Flanders breeds. 
 
 The French Charolais combines to the greatest degree, the two 
 qualities of meat and labor. This breed exhibits great beauty of 
 form. 
 
 The Breton and Alderney are for their size the best for milk, The 
 Breton breed particularly, is extremely small and the elegance of its 
 form gives it the appearance of an animal intended to ornament a park, 
 rather than the appearance of a farm animal. 
 
 The qualities of meat have attained their highest state of developement 
 in England; those of milk and labor in France, Belgium, Holland and 
 Switzerland. 
 
 The finest breeds of sheep, for wool, are those of Saxony, Spain, 
 France and Austria. The quality of sheep, in the way of meat, has 
 attained the greatest perfection in England. 
 
 In conclusion, it appears that the finest breeds of horned cattle in their 
 respective qualities are, the Durham, Flemish, Hereford, Norman, 
 Schwitz, Swiss, Parthenai, Ayrshire and Charolais. In the section of 
 sheep, the pure or crossed merinos are far superior to the others. As 
 regards pigs, the Craonaïse and Leicester breeds appear to be pre- 
 ferred. 
 
 To give an idea of the munificence of the French Government, it is 
 sufficient to say, that the first prizes in the different categories of ‘he 
 horned cattle class, consisted of a gold medal and the sum of £50. The 
 French Government extended to this portion of the Great Exhibition, the 
 same idea of rewarding, besides the exhibitors themselves, the subordi- 
 nate workman, &e., and awarded prizes consisting of medals and sums 
 of money to the stewards, bailiffs and farm servants, recommended as 
 having contributed to obtaining the desired results. 
 
 The population of Canada, being especially an agricultural one, they 
 will read, not without interest, the names of some of the great European 
 breeders. In order that the most distinguished of these may be known, 
 we propose to give here the names of those who took the first prizes in 
 the different classes, sections and categories. 
 
 
 
 
 
I. 
 FIRST CLASS. 
 HORNED CATTLE. 
 First Section. 
 Animals of breeds foreign to France, born and raised out of the coun- 
 Îry : 
 First Category —Short Horned Durhams. 
 
 Ist prize for a bull 16 months old, the Marquis of T'alhouet de la 
 Sarthe, France. 
 
 1st prize for a cow of 20 months old, Lord Leversham. 
 
 1st prize for a cow 4 years old, Mr. Stratton, ingland. 
 Second Category —Hereford breed, 
 
 ist prize for a bull 8 years old, Lord Berwick. 
 
 1st prize for a cow 43 months old, Mr. W. Perry, England. 
 Third Category—Devon, Sussex and analogous breeds. 
 
 st prize for a Devon bull 5 years and 8 months old, Mr. G. 
 Turner, England. 
 
 1st prize for a Devon cow, H. R. H. Prince Albert. 
 Fourth Category —Ayrshire, Alderney and Scotch breeds. 
 . 1st prize for a Scotch bull 39 months old, Lord Talbot. 
 
 1st prize for an Ayrshire cow, 6 years old, the Marquis de Vogué 
 du Cher, 
 
 Fifth Category—Dutch breed. 
 
 1st prize for a bull 3 ÿears old, the Agricultural Colony of Gaillon, 
 in France. 
 
 1st prize for a cow 7 years old, Mr. Gilles of Saine and Marne. 
 Sixth Category—S wiss breed. 
 
 1st prize for a bull ? years old, Dr, Muller of Switzerland. 
 1St prize for a cow 7 years old, Mr. Charles Muller of Switzerland. 
 
 
 
: & 
 13 
 | 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 
 in 
 
 ge mm 27 
 
 
 
 7 _—— 
 ee ne 
 
 pr” & LR * 
 d x D n— 
 ( é ere " 
 | — He ss imepebats 
 = en me D er : Q 
 
 LL, TR A 
 
 + mé 
 
 390 
 
 Seventh Category—Schwitz breed. 
 Ist prize for a bull 42 months ol, Mr, Chabert of Lower Rhine. 
 ist prize for a cow 9 years old, Mr. Bella, Director of the French 
 
 School of Grignan. 
 
 Altogether 62 prizes and honorable mentions were awarded in the seven 
 preceding categories. 
 
 Second Section. 
 
 Animals of French and foreign breeds born and raised in France. 
 
 First Category—Norman breed. 
 
 1st prize for a bull 32 months old, Mr. Lainé of the Lower Seine. 
 
 ist prize for a cow 5 years old, Mr. Lechantier of Calvados. 
 Second Category—Flemish breed. 
 
 1st prize for a bull 30 months old, Mr. Demarelle of l'Aisne. 
 
 1st prize for a cow 8 years old, Mr. Douville of La Somme. 
 Third Category—Charolais breed. 
 
 1st prize for a bull 23 months old, the Count de Bouille, de la Nievre, 
 
 1st prize for cow 30 years old, Mr. Louis Massé, du Cher. 
 Fourth Category—Garonnais and Agenais breeds. 
 
 1st prize for a bull 17 months old, Mr. Truel de Beaulieu of the De- 
 partment of Haute-Vienne. 
 1st prize for a cow 4 years old, Mr. de Lavergne of Gers. 
 Fifth Category—Comtois breed. 
 ist prize for à bull 10 months old, Messrs. T'ourtel Brothers of La 
 Meurthe. 
 1st prize for a cow 4 years old, Mr. Chaupy of Doubs. 
 Sith Category—Mountain breed. 
 ist prize for a Limousin bull 34 months, Mr. Tarnaud of Haute- 
 Vienne. 
 1st prize for an Aubrac cow 26 months, Mr. Charles Durand of la 
 Lauzère. 
 Seventh Category—Parthenais, Cholatais and Nantais breeds. 
 
 ist prize for a Chalotais bull, 12 months, Mr. David of La Loire-in- 
 ferieure. 
 
 1st prize for a Chalotais cow 6 years, the same, Mr. David. 
 
 
 
 
 
351 
 mm 
 Eïghth Category—Breton breed. | 
 
 
 
 1st prize for à bull 283 months, Mr. Guenevoux, of Ile-et-Villeine. 
 1st prize for a cow 23 months, Mr. Allier. 
 Ninth Category —Other French breeds. 
 
 1st prize {or à Breton bull 5 years, Count de Champagny du Mor- 
 bihan. 
 
 1st prize for a Lorraine cow 6 years, Mr. Parsgou of La Meurthe. 
 Tenth Calegory—Pure Durham breed raised in France. 
 
 1St prize for an ox of 20 months, Mr. Boutton-Lévêque. 
 
 1st prize for à cow 29 months, the Count of Falloux. 
 Eleventh Category—Other pure foreign breeds. 
 
 1st prize an Ayrshire bull 21 months old, the Marquis of Dampierre. 
 
 1st prize for a Swiss cow of 6 years old, Mr. Thiéraut Abbé of Marne. 
 Twelfth Category—Cross breeds. 
 
 ist prize for a Norman-Durham bull 3 years old, Mr. Gregoire of 
 
 Marne. 
 
 1st prize for a Durham-Cotentine cow of 3 years old, Mr. Cecire of 
 l'Orne. 
 
 In this second section of the first class, there were awarded 86 prizes 
 and honorable mentions of all sorts. 
 
 SECOND CLASS, 
 SHEEP, 
 First Section. 
 
 Animals bon and raised in foreign countries. 
 First Category —Merinos and half-breed Merinos. 
 No first prizes were awarded in this category. 
 2nd prize for a ram of 2 years old, Mr, C. Collin of Holland, 
 2nd prize for a lot of Merinos-negretti sheep, the same, Mr. Collin, 
 Second, Category—Breeds with long wool. 
 Ist prize for a ram of Leicester breed, Mr. Ringdom of Lynch, 
 
 
 
392 
 
 TS me — _ er - _ _ ne 
 dm — mes == nos _. rene ur 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1st prize, ex-æquo, for a Leicester ram, Mr. L. C. Watkins. 
 ist prize for a Leicester sheep, Mr. G. Turner of England. 
 Third Category—Breeds from Holland, Texe!, Cotswold and Oxford. 
 1st prize for a Cotswold ram, Mr. Beale Brown of Switzerland. 
 1st prize, et-æquo, for à Cotswold ram, Mr. Landy. 
 1st prize for an Oxford sheep, the same, Mr. Brown. 
 Fourth Category—South Down and analagous breeds. 
 1st prize for a South Down ram, Mr. Jonas Webb, of England. 
 ist prize for a South Down ram, Mr. Rigdon ot England. 
 ist prize for a South Down ram, Mr. Allier of France. 
 In this section of the Second Class there were awarded altogether 40 
 prizes. 
 Second Section. 
 French and foreign breeds born and raised in France. 
 First Category—Merinos and half-breed Merinos. 
 1st prize for a Merino ram, Mr. Simphal of l'Aisne, 
 1st prize for a lot of Merino sheep, Mr. Hutin of France. 
 Second Category :—Foreign breeds with long wool. 
 1st prize for a New Kent ram, Mr. Allier. 
 No first prizes for sheep in this class. 
 Third Category :—Foreign breeds with short wool. 
 ist prize for a ram of South Down breed, the same Mr. Allier. 
 No first prize was awarded for sheep. 
 Fourth Category :—Cross breeds. 
 ist prize for a half breed merino ram, Mr. Millaut, of Cher. 
 
 ist prize for a lot of Dishley merino sheep, Mr. Pluchet, of France, 
 
 
 
 
 
 THIRD CLASS. 
 
 SWINE. 
 First Section. 
 Animals born and raised in foreign countries. 
 First Category :—Large breeds. 
 1st prize for a boar of Berkshire breed, Mr. Boutton Lévèque, of France. 
 
 ist prize for a Manchester sow, the Viscount of Curzay, of France, 
 
 ce mr — 
 
 | 
 1 
 ‘| 
 | 
 
 : 
 PR : 
 
 
 
393 
 | 
 Second Category :—Small breeds. 
 
 1st prize {or a Leicester boar, Mr. Bacary Williams, of England. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1st prize for a Leicester cow, the same Mr. Williams. 
 
 The total number of prizes and honorable mention granted in this 
 section was 11. 
 
 Second Section. 
 French and foreign breeds raised in France. 
 
 First Category :—Pure French breeds. 
 Ist prize for a boar of Craonaise breed, Mr. Boutin, of Maine and 
 Loire. 
 
 1st prize for a sow of Augeronne breed, Mr. Allier, of France. 
 Second Category : —Different foreign breeds. 
 
 1st prize for an Essex boar, Mr. Allier. 
 
 1st prize for a cow of New Leicester breed, the Marquis of Dam- 
 pierte. 
 
 In this section there were awarded in all 16 prizes. 
 
 
 
 FOURTH CLASS. 
 GOATS, RABBITS, &C. 
 
 1st prize for a he-goat, Mr. Giot, of France. 
 1st prize {or rabbits, Mr. Gérard, of Paris. 
 
 There were awarded altogether 5 prizes in this class. 
 
 FIFTH CLASS. 
 POULTRY. 
 
 ist prize for poultry of Crevecœur breed, Mr. Chaumel Ada of 
 
 France. 
 ist prize for a lot of Cochin-China breed, Mr. Gérard, alre-dY men- 
 tioned. 
 X 
 DES = 
 ue, 
 
 EE | 
 
 
 

 
 = pm 3 
 
 304 
 
 
 
 1st prize for a lot of Dorkings, Mr. Keyworth, of England. 
 1st prize for a lot of Spanish poultry, Mr. J. C. Baker, of England. 
 1st prize for a lot of Brahma fowls, the same Mr. Baker. 
 
 ist prize for a lot of Dutch breed, Mr. Gevers Deynout, of the 
 | Netherlands. 
 
 ist prize for a lot of Italian fowls, Mr. Gérard, of Paris. 
 
 1st prize for a lot of fowls of mixed breeds, the same Mr. Gérard. 
 1st prize for turkeys, the same Mr. Gérard. 
 
 1st prize for geese, the same Mr. Gérard. 
 
 1st prize for ducks, Mr. Lemaire, of France. 
 
 ist prize for pigeons, Mr. Burzeau, of France. 
 
 There were awarded altogether 28 prizes in this last class. 
 
 j 
 à 
 fl 
 1 
 
 Lee ere me à, ms 
 nee 
 2 
 
 L 
 0e. D 
 
 
 
RECAPITULATION 
 
 OF THE 
 PRIZES AWARDED. 
 NOTE, 
 
 The following extract from the lists of prizes awarded, by the Inter- 
 national Jury, to the contributors from the different countries represented 
 at the Exhibition, may be very useful to commerce in general, as being 
 the expression of the degrees of advancement attained in the different 
 branches of industry by the different nations of the world. 
 
 We have already seen that the exceptional prizes awarded by the 
 Imperial Commission, under the titles of Grand Medals of Honor and 
 Medals of Honor, are intended as the expression of the degree of perfec- 
 tion obtained, or of discoveries added to science, and in consequence 
 are limited in number, in so far as general production is concerned. 
 
 In awarding the first and second class prizes, and the honorable 
 mentions the good quality and comparative cheapness of the articles 
 exhibited were more particularly considered. We have already seen, in 
 the third series of observations upon the exhibition, mention made of the 
 production in large quantity, of articles exhibited in the principal 
 branches of industry. In order to form a correct opinion ofthe compara- 
 tive state of manufactures in the different countries, we must not lose 
 sight of the extent of population, and in order to study the industrial 
 conditions of the various populations, we must examine the cir- 
 cumstances of situation, climate and extents of territory, in which they 
 are situated. 
 
 At the end of each class is inserted a list of the prizes, awarded to the 
 Journeymen and overseers of the exhibitors of the different articles. The 
 intention in adopting this description of prizes, has been to reward the 
 personal merit of the artists, painters, sculptors and mechanics, whose 
 talent, good conduct and zeal are the mainspring of the production of 
 the articles exhibited. The number of these prizes in each branch of 
 industry aflords, to a certain extent, evidence of the social condition of 
 each country, and still more of the solicitude of the heads ofthe different 
 branches for their subordinates, as least as far as regards Europe. 
 
 
 
FU, SE 
 
 DCE T Ir 
 = nés “ri 
 
 
 
 
 
 396 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 We shall see at the conclusion of each class a detailed list of the prizes 
 awarded to Canadian exhibitors. We should here mention with gratitudeithe 
 services rendered in the Canadian portion of the Exhibition to the mem- 
 bers of the Jury and others, by Messrs. De Puibusque, Hector Bossange 
 and Maitland, Honorary Commissioners, residing in Paris. These gentle- 
 men exerted for the benefit of Canada all the experience which their long 
 residence in Paris gave them, and all their knowledge of the resources of 
 Canada,—in fact they used all the zeal and energy which a spirit of kindness 
 could suggest. 
 
 PRIZES OBTAINED BY THE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES IN THE 
 DIFFERENT CLASSES OF THE INDUS!RIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 FIRST CLASS. 
 
 Mining and metallurgy, comprising general statistics, the modes of work- 
 ing mines, the modes of preparing metals, coals and combustible min- 
 erals, iron, common metals, precious metals, coins and medals, non-metallie 
 mineral productions. 
 
 PRIZES. 
 Belgium 0 0e. .... 09e 5: 
 Grand Medals of Honor Prussia +6 000 600 © 0 +00 ee 1 
 Canada 000000 200 000000 ee € .. . . 1 
 France 0 0000 00 00600 0000 + ü 
 Belgium 000... ne 2 
 1 Austria .… . 00 0000 000 ee 00e ee 1 
 Medals of Honor..... 4 
 United Kingdom 00 20 ee 1 
 Prussia 00000 +. + © 0... 1 
 { Hanover 00 0 Le +... 0... 1 
 
 f France and her Colonies.......,......+ 143 
 United Kingdom and Colonies. .........+ 69 
 Austria enr eerennte 60 
 Prdsta 22 278 ST OO 
 
 
 
 Medals’ of First and | Belgium ................ ss. 38 
 Second Class, and 
 
 Honorable Mentions 
 
 Pélivérein 12.562 er eRE trs "02 
 | Sweden and Norway... ..sses ses. 21 
 Spain. se sossse sonosdeseessesese ses 12 
 Portugal. .............sessesssesssess 11 
 a nee 9 
 | Sardinia.... sesssssserereresese sense 4 
 
= s = : PRE RE SE 
 C OESTES DR dd aie Va Pom hi EME de 
 ” nm hisisaus ee = 
 nn sh ns L ” ce = de et ne pes En 
 |: = RE = — —— ra =. " 
 
 357 
 
 
 
 
 
 FOR tata. SRE eu coco ce 
 QttomaN Eire! de ce 
 SNS à à ve seen aa ete nec À 
 States of Spanish America ....,......., 2 
 States of the Church. hu ses see ces: 1 
 TOR. so eme 6 Vent Re x el es de Cl 
 
 Médals of First and 
 Second Class, and 
 Honorable Mentions 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN AND WORKMEN. 
 
 Only one Medal of Honor was awarded, to Mr. Dusouich of France, 
 Mining Engineer, for a Pamphlet. 
 
 à SN M EE 74 
 Belgium... ..…. bleu PUS CT VUE US 
 
 À PTS id des 6e de seu v ete) CU 
 LATTES dien er ee daenemahneve tés stade 4 
 EÉANO VER, ss à 0 56 do RER rie ES 
 
 PRIZES TO CANADA. 
 
 The Grand Medal of Honor was awarded to Sir William Logan, for his 
 Geological Map of Canada, and as exhibitor of the greater part of the col- 
 lection of minerals. 
 
 SECOND CLASS. 
 
 Everything relating to the management of trees, or to sporting 
 fishing and hunting, and products obtained without cultivation, com- 
 prising statistics and general documents, management of the trees, hunting 
 of terrestrial and amphibious animals, fishing, products obtained without 
 cultivation, destruction of vermin, means used for acclimatizing animals 
 and plants. 
 
 PRIZES, 
 
 Grand Medal of Honor } France RÉPARER ES 00 e CUS UT 
 
 CRM Si de sieur LETTRES 
 Medals of Honor..... HÉROS EE SR Re 
 SYONCT SES rec ee see eue vu ven SJ 
 
 nd jet 
 
 
 

 
 mm +7 
 
 
 
 398 
 
 
 
 CR — —— - - —— — —_—_— = en 
 
 France and her Colonies ......... +++. 40 
 United Kingdom and Colonies *....,.,...+ 27 
 nets un SUR URUOE, RS nsc net 
 States of Spanish America ......,.e +  » » 
 PR AT Me Le o 04 6 dé Crath o ee 60. à o duo 
 NOTA dus s OU és à 0 00 00 8 0 04 
 POPTORRT Le it unies bé es cote pa) 
 LE de ele TG EN Eee CR EE D SDS TEE 
 Sweden.and Norway ssss5see cesse ce 
 United States. ati ses de van) 
 TUSCERT Sr TN Re us es c00 060 » 00 0 
 DORE Dh. 0 0 6 00 SRG à 
 
 QG ©Q9 Qt =3 
 
 | Le) 
 
 Other Prizes ........ 
 
 ou 
 
 
 
 Ottomran Empires res ihe oo 0 o0-0 1800 
 DA Éd dt OR EU GPS CORRE PEN PT 
 LPrussia sers ee dote oh co ccosos ose 
 
 mé ni bei jet bei NO 9 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN AND WORKMEN. 
 
 France ... . ++. +. € . .. .-. +... . ee + + + .. +... 1 
 | UE ROM ONL. à 5 2 0. 0 8e 03 € 5 a mit 
 Austria. +... + +... +. 0e +002 + 2 0 0 + 0e 
 
 QX SJ © 
 
 9 
 
 SPA. 00. .. 6e 2222 0 220% 20 Le 6e 4e 
 
 RL ln a on si sn nos 
 
 + 
 
 PRIZES TO CANADA. 
 
 A medal of honor was awarded to the government of Canada for all 
 the collection of this class, and of the following class which belongs to 
 the same group (see catalogue for names of contributors.) 
 
 A first class medal to the Hudson’s Bay Company, for a collection of 
 furs. 
 
 À first class medal to Mr. Andrew Dickson, of Kingston, for a collec- 
 tion of timber. 
 
 A second class medal to Messrs. Farmer and De Blaquière, of Wood- 
 stock, exhibitors of a collection of timber. 
 
 A second class medal to Mr. Sharples, of Quebec, for exhibiting a 
 collection of timber. 
 
 tt hi 
 
 * The prizes given to Canada, as also those of all the other Colonies, in all the classes, are 
 included in the number of those of the United Kingdom, and are reported with details af 
 
 . the end of each Class. 
 
. PE — 
 mn tétanie 
 mme en 
 
 
 
 em — = — a ——_———— a... ……….….…"…" 
 
 THIRD CLASS. 
 
 Agriculture, comprising statistics and general documents, farming, agri- 
 cultural tools and implements, general produce, special produce, rearing of 
 useful animals, industries immediately connected with agriculture. 
 
 Grand Medal of ne 
 oO ces + RE LES. si dorées 1 al 
 
 f'Ütited RinRdOMR Er Le evene 
 | x 
 Medals of Honor... 5 ve Pepe bag COR PER EURE, RE 
 DA 4 ue donc cc a0Us. de CO Ne CS 
 Grand MACRY OT RAR Load lee Gi 
 
 f France and her Colonies..........,....856 
 AUATIR eve Niue URLS RER 
 United Kingdom and Colonies.......... 68 
 POMUGAL à» « Leo debat an Vs ee OU 
 
 ER ES Res 39 
 
 DORE et sa Crea des es deu desue Di 
 
 DR ae Ut Fed Te CT EU RES es clos US 
 
 COPIE DOM de Trudeau a Sue de cie 23 
 
 PROS Lois Te ete TR er rd ete 20 
 
 Other Prizes....... { Sweden and NO MEY ever svses eus 
 
 OR SR Ne ns ds TT RTS 
 
 } 
 | Tuscany Lt tt ste ere et eee 
 | Sardinia 0% 4 tee tete se. 
 
 Netaehiaids 4 Scakce desde de NÉ 
 States of Spanish America... ss cesse 
 S'WILAC TIME SE 6e der tre Re 
 Ottoman. Éthbie vil. sectes isnurn. 
 te States Gé te CR ET re à us 6 « 
 Re at PT Re en Te Te. 
 
 nd 
 = ON D © © © © 
 
 PPDA Vaues ss vec eve ot on SOU 
 
 ARR ET RRS Te ve vers VE TEE 
 Prizes awarded to PTUSSIA . ....... eee ees serres 6 
 Overseers, EURO MDN .:. _inucue GED dd 
 Journeymén and } Zollverein...........,..,.,./2 
 VOTRE veuves LOPONSRR Lu. e sanet D RE EURE 
 Belgian si essai a cas ol 0 
 | Uno Sie. nn Es dés iitee ddad se 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 nt CO à Où Qt 
 
 
 

 
 360 
 
 LG 
 
 1 
 
 PRIZES TO CANADA. 
 
 Mr. Cross of Montreal, for cheese, 
 
 Canada Company, Toronto, for wheat. 
 First Class Medals...< Lyman & Co., Montreal, for seeds. 
 
 Mr. Shaw, Toronto, for chicory. 
 
 Mr. Perry, Montreal, Mechanic. 
 
 f Mr. Fisher, of Montreal, for seeds. 
 Mr. Fleming, of Toronto, for seeds. 
 Mr. Laurent, of Varennes, for oats. 
 Second Class Medals. { Mr. Morse, of Milton, for a plough. 
 Mr. Shaw of Toronto, for seeds. 
 Mr. Shepperd, of Montreal, a collection of seeds. 
 (Mr. Wade, of Cobourg, for seeds. 
 
 { Mr. Coffin, of Gaspé, for wheat. 
 Mr. Evans, of Montreal, for seeds. 
 
 #3 Mr. Kempton, of Ste. Thérèse, for seeds. 
 Honorable mention... 
 
 (4 | Mr. Jarvis, Toronto, for hops. 
 Reverend Mr. Villeneuve, Montreal, for wheat 
 | | and peas. 
 
 FOURTH CLASS. 
 
 Machinery in general, as applied to industry, apparatus for weighing 
 and guaging, instruments used for conveying power and detailed portions 
 of machinery, horse gins, windmills, hydraulic machines, steam engines 
 and air engines, machines used in moving heavy weights, hydraulic 
 engines for lifting, ventilators and bellows. 
 
 Grand Medals of rs | 
 4e) M CSL D it ee COPINE TU D or SA UC | 
 
 (PEACB sue en 4 den de N US ve 
 Medals of Honor..... / United Kingdom.......... VESENIEATES 
 Grand Duchy of Baden....,........... 
 
 EE — 
 
 nr TN 
 
 … 
 
 r 
 re sue: 
 ie GUN ET 
 
 
 
gt PELIOLE 
 s : _ a mix < 1 = Re Li 
 ” à à on En le is RÉ bit née là is EE mé tite: 7 re 
 uma Rs ——————— EE 
 
 361 
 
 
 
 
 
 f France and Coloniestiis.l.....5...... 128 
 
 United Kingdom and Colonies ........,.,. 25 
 
 CONS rue DRE nee à 
 
 . FOIS sr LR EN Eu à 
 T-+ Uiiited States ASE RE 
 
 Most Ve UT ESS ENST es ane 
 
 Other Prizes....,.... À Sweden and Norway.................. 
 Nethèriats ST docs sas see 
 Swieriand ss: EPP vrais ie 
 
 Denmark. Rire 
 
 MDN de See à Los sue dé NS ETS 
 
 DONNER dois sue SERIE TT TU 
 
 COR VOIR va et TDR des US 
 
 end ent jet juni jet 9 px O0 
 
 bd punt 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN AND WORKMEN,. 
 
 CURE CRE ) 
 Portugals : à: se de el 
 
 PRIZES TO CANADA. 
 
 First Class Medal, Mr. George Perry, of Montreal, for a fire engine. 
 Honorable mention, Mr. Lemoine, of Quebec, for a fire engine. 
 
 FIFTH CLASS. 
 
 Special machinery and apparatus for railways and other modes of 
 transport, comprising apparatus for carrying burdens on the arm, the 
 back, or the head, specimens of harness and saddlery, materials and 
 apparatus for wheelwrights” work and carriage making, carriages, rail- 
 way apparatus, apparatus for water conveyance, air balloons. 
 
 France nt 000 000 5e 0... 
 Austria °°: + © 00. 0000 0.0. 
 Prussia 0. 00 00.000020 ee. ce .. 
 
 Grand Medals of 
 
 HONÔÉ ceci aus 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 Éd net pet 6 à she ob 1 D 
 Viated RNB OO us die s0 à 00 5 06 ee U 
 BEI sé duos soso so 050.6 ER D 
 AR UBÈEI à 8 dorca ee UT di de TU tee 
 Wurtembatg is 50 im AT Li 
 Hañover.ss nn tie s cos vos À 
 
 Medals of Honor..... 
 
 
 
302 
 
 
 
 (France a sutrher Colonies:...,4,.%6 360 00e 
 United Kingdom and Colonies .......... 36 
 BÉlSM , 4 0e ss sfaneds ee so 060 6 10 
 PRE 4 à 0 5e 6m mt OS EU CT PUS UU Et 
 PETER sou fasnttels lis Vs 
 
 Other Prizés.......:e< 
 
 POS 15 d'os den LGV 0 de 0 Se UN 
 PTS 2 ni notes ANT vs sde 
 MATIRIR : «utodéiatu ls dress SUR 
 TUSCANY + « sosie mo Nwsil ds ee 0 580 650 0 02e 
 | Switzerland. . .s messes. 
 
 li ÀQ 09 29 ©9 © D © 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN AND WORKMEN. 
 
 Li ÉRIC TE NRC SU 
 United Kingdom.......s.s5...s.00 
 Belgium... suse068 esse sc ces ses 
 SAME: «à ds ls sea 6 5 et 
 
 m/s 
 
 
 
 1 ©9 ©9 QG À 
 
 | Prussia... 0... 60 00 0 0 0 0 00e 0 0 0 0 + 0 
 PRIZES TO CANADA. 
 
 Honorable mention to Mr. Barrington of Montreal, for a harness. 
 
 SIXTH CLASS. 
 
 Special machinery and apparatus for workshops, comprising Separate 
 pieces of machinery and apparatus for workshops, machines used in mining 
 operations machinery used in building, machines for working non-metallie 
 minerals, metallurgic machines, apparatus and mechanical contrivances 
 used in” workshops, machines used in the manufacture of small articles in 
 metal, machines used in the felling of trees and in their after treatment, 
 machinery used in agriculture and in the preparaton of alimentary subs- 
 tances, machines used in the chemical arts, machines used in connection 
 with dyeing and printing, machines used only in certain trades. 
 
 EPP ee RS 
 Grand Medals of Honor 4 United Kingdom....ssssesss.cssseses 1 
 Den ks ss nn ats de costs corse À 
 
 here. :- 
 
 ae te TT 
 
 r 
 # _ 
 
 Le cr ses ente ten 
 
 TS AE 
 
 
 
"2 : po € 2 D Pt ti de "HE 
 ie tit Ke mnt je Mme tes = = 
 
 ame mime + = z = : - 
 
 ia 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 France...........,,........,....... 3 
 Medals of Honor..... ? United PRO URI nues “1 
 Unies Ma TURN Re 1 
 
 f France and her Colonies .... ses... ...199 
 United Kingdom and Colonies .......... 30 
 Belgie. di sidebar bas ant 
 United'Stétesuivyvusd. bus. ze iovbaise 
 Poliverein ini ban sioux does baie 
 Prussih sauté Dos sisuctoast ni 
 Other Prizes ........4 Sweden and Norway . seu cecsuures 
 MOMNIE ob sut bus ide mel se 
 PNR des Es du du En SV Re 
 ROMA is est ass sbacaoi etats 
 POP ee TER OS nn du à à 6 à 
 
 DOM sécs « «ect has à 2 DS ARS 
 
 Netherlands. us dant Re 
 
 bd bei pui 090 CO 9 À à =} (© © 
 
 TS 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN AND WORKMEN. 
 
 RE en Made auto os docues "0 
 Pi ot d'A ORNE TNT ASS ER RTS 
 NIORT INT ee: manne de vodav a deod su 
 DA ue cnrs 3 
 t Netherlands... inpiéohe sos osse ose 
 TER te NUS DES RS RD En 
 Rue ee RSS NT TER MN RE À 1 
 
 & PRIZES TO CANADA. 
 
 First Class Medal to Mr, Rodden of Montreal, for a Machine forcar pen- 
 ters’ work. 
 
 [ Mr. Munro of Montreal for a Planing and Groov- 
 lass Medal ing Machine. 
 Second Class Medals to Mr. Paige of Montreal, for a large Threshing 
 
 Machine. 
 
 { Mr. Dunn of Montreal, a nail making machine. 
 ra Mr. Rice of Montreal, a sifting machine. 
 Honorable Mentions. . | Messrs. Dion & Lepage, Rimouski, a model of 
 
 a threshing mil]. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 EEE nee senern een em emenmenenemes emmener rene 
 me 
 
 
 
 SEVENTH CLASS. 
 
 Special machinery and apparatus for the manufacture of woven fabrics, 
 comprising instruments used in spinning and weaving, machines used in 
 the preparation aud spinning of cotton, machines used in the preparation. 
 and spinning of flax and hemp, machines used in the preparation and 
 spinning of wool, machines used in the preparation and spinning of silk, 
 rope making, lace making and special machines, weaving of the low warp 
 and high warp, looms for making hosiery, apparatus and machinery for 
 bleaching, dyeing, dressing, and the folding of fabrics. 
 
 PO drones sont sors TV D 
 G 
 D Dr ane SN RER PES United Kingdom.....sss.ssssssssssose 1 
 fee cover mn là 6eme een 0 
 Medals of Honor..... à United Kingdom, ... ss ssssesseossssees 1 
 Belgitm ses cesse cossoose vossssss - À 
 
 France and her Colonies......esessse.e 130 
 | United Kingdom and Colonies .......... 24 
 Pain est ce ÈTUS Do bout ve 6 6e 
 D 
 Fr +. Austria: sas ec ete ee 8 o coooce socn ot 
 United States .... soon 
 | Portugal Cadence nes en 
 Pollvétein: sécece tr sédue ve nsse stresse 
 Switierland. ..s vs ve ess osesess aus 
 
 bi bi O9 O9 à =3 Œ © 
 
 | Spain...... 6000 6... ee 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN AND WORKMEN. 
 
 Free nes sde ds 5 Es CO 
 | United Kingdom........ses.vosesesse 
 | Belgium ee voor ee Ë ve 60:80 6 NUS 
 
 CO © À © 
 
 No prizes to Canada in this class. 
 
365 
 EEE 
 EIGHTH CLASS. 
 
 Arts relating to the exact sciences and to instruction, comprising Stand- 
 ard weights and measures, documents of all kinds relating to the different 
 weights and measures used in each country, clock work, optical instru- 
 ments and apparatus of all kinds used in measuring space, instruments 
 employed in the study of physics, chemistry and meteorology, maps, 
 models and documents relating to astronomy, geography, topography and 
 statistics, apparatus used in the study of the sciences, materials for elemen- 
 tary instruction. 
 
 Grand Medalsof Honor—France.................... 1... 3 
 
 Si PRE SET OR ME CRE S 
 
 Switzerland... sous ss sv idea des du 
 
 Medals of Honor .... À United Rip Less st ei et 
 United States. 55% Lu SRE Res 
 
 Pneahgere nu FE 
 
 ki 9 © À 
 
 { France and her Colonies ......,.........197 
 it cig AONAPENGE Gui PP EE PP 
 United Kingdom and Colonies........... 18 
 PRES LUC SNS NUS divcsnieeve einer El 
 TONI ir esse En lou es RP RO | 
 Dweden'ant NOPWAY. 1e oce 2 À 
 TP ee PR OP 
 
 PORT res ravavccus ec LS 
 Other Prizes. 4 ne 8 
 
 DIGIMAMPR TS SSL S TU dusueuue des TT US 
 Belgium Serdets RATE LS IT ES Re Dr ve 4 
 Usitéd SAR SC dis de EN re 
 [Portugal secseess se see crnmesees menus 2 
 see Poe dut Ben NE PE CO 2 
 an Tee Speed ne ET 
 DIORP RER EE TR Lu os es vo oo sauve do 
 States of Spanish America.......,.,... 1 
 
 PRIZES TO JOURNEYMEN, OVERSEERS AND WORKMEN. 
 
 Pur SE > 4 
 SN RARE Se eue ETS 
 
 No prizes to Canada in this class. 
 
 
 

 
 +41 re 
 MT. — À 
 D © © re a — 
 A 3 - = — —— = À 
 . : _——— ‘ s à ; S 
 
 RE 
 
 
 
 
 
 NINTH CLASS. 
 
 Manufactures relating to the economical production and employment 
 
 of heat, light and electricity, comprising processes having for their object 
 the employment of heat, cold, light and electricity derived from natural 
 sources, processes having for their object the production of fire and 
 light, combustibles to be used as cheap fuel, warming and ventilation of 
 the houses, production and employment of heat and cold in domestic 
 economy, production and use of heat and cold in the arts, lighting, 
 lighthouses, signals and ærial telegraphs, production and employment 
 
 of electricity. 
 
 Grand Medals of MR tion oise ce Ti Teri 
 Honor United Kingdom. ... ds cd céré SR 
 
 France 52 40006 00 0000090 +00. +9 
 Medals 6 Honor... 4 Austin 4 iris ds nos 
 
 miritroriantl sis cs et TE ÉCrss 
 
 moi ji &% ei 19 
 
 ( France and her Colonies... ivre te Et 
 
 
 
 United Kingdom and Colonies.....,.... 29 
 
 Belgium. ......sssssressssossssssssse 12 
 
 I SES ous ah de bu docs due te 0 
 
 D sub ed vive 
 
 Other Prizes.........+4 United States........ 
 | Sweden and Norway. 
 
 HONOR ss ds ess 
 
 DORA us ose se 
 
 Portugal .......+.0.. 0 
 
 Switzerland ss... 
 
 ° 
 
 e 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 ++. +0 +. 0 + © 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN AND WORKMEN. 
 
 A grand medal of honor to Professor Faradaÿ, of London. 
 
 f France .......... oser 
 
 l . 
 LAUSITIA. es... serres seesese 
 
 PRIZES TO CANADA. 
 
 Belgium... ...sssssossssssessesssrsse 
 MARTIN dois dose sb vost sodossréess 
 
 x 
 
 let QD LOQ 
 
 A second class medal to Mr. Rodden, of Montreal, for a cooking stove. 
 
4 £ : 
 is : à à 
 nes 1 ce 
 : » ni « ” DE OR 
 g 2 à CPE TONRS UE gr LB le ER TOR + BRIE hot . - 
 EE ES | er nn + sm => es 
 = = De PP SEPT von SE LE SET PRE 17 EE EME PURE 
 SH k 2 CS 7 - “ ù + ET mg — En pe 
 ts ‘ : 
 
 
 
 TENTH CLASS, 
 
 Chemical manufactures, dyeing and printing, paper, leather, skins, 
 india rubber, comprising chemical products, fatty substances, rosins, 
 scents, Soaps, varnishes and all kinds of coatings, india rubber and 
 gutta percha, paper and paste-board, bleaching, dyeing, printing, colors, 
 inks and pencils, tobacco, opiums and various narcotics. 
 
 | France 0... 000.60 606 
 United Kingdom. 0... 0.60 se. ...… 
 United States. 0 2. 0... ... 
 
 Grand Medals of 
 Honor. 
 
 [Franéé 45: déesse se etes 
 ROC RIHDAONN EL E. sos sovéecsese 
 RCA dune ds duntevé se-carbéoieantsl 
 L'ÉUBIE UR Rs den SE do ve vos HEC 
 
 | Grand Duchy of Hesse .....,.,,..,, 4, 
 
 | AUTRE, hs scie ee LS TR 
 
 Medals of Honor .... 
 
 ( France and her Colonies,,..............387 
 Lovers ss ssssmaseusseiiess TS CU 
 United Kingdom and Colonies ...,..... 69 
 ÉD EN En de scout ess ÉOUOEL, > 00 
 POUR à Ve er ES dure dadds es sc 
 DJS « « amsn des 35 5 SE 0ES 4, 50088 
 DRE ed due nes RES CS TAN NES Tr id 17 
 with es HSRRIE  Re 
 
 
 
 
 
 pd 
 Fa 
 
 Other Prizes, ........ Netherlands Ver ae ess cross oo rss 
 
 _ 
 D 
 
 FORME EN ele TT de re 
 SVG A IN VEN dut à se OU De 
 BAIAMEN F5 Tee Eten SAS OR 
 States of South America .............. 
 EUSCANY" sde res NN se MN Si s 
 PRO ENTRE EE ca tes sde Le 
 t CON DUR TEE TR Le at ou can à be 
 
 States of the Church........ TEE UT 
 
 CAOHERE SE. 7: A LE SANS RS 
 
 bunk jusol jeun 
 ii 
 
 mi 09 09 C9 =} 4 mi 9 
 
 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN AND WORKMEN. 
 A grand medal of honor to Mr. Chevreul, of Paris. 
 
 L'ART unes et cs de SOS ER 
 | United Kingdom 2: sic... 
 Other Prizes.. ...,.,,, + 
 
 AUBTERR sa 4 TEST RARES SNL US 
 
 [ Switesrhin és, Peer 
 
 R =} © Qt 
 
 
 

 
 0 = ns 
 
 
 
 
 
 —————— —— tt tre eh 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO JOURNEYMEN, OVERSEERS AND WORKMEN. 
 
 Delft... csenése sxesesbeonsiep bein 
 CN Laine) enfant RUES 
 
 
 
 
 SPAIN ..c +0 010 8 0.0 010.0. 0 0 + à +0. 
 German SMIC. Lis sos Good ie RSS 
 
 ei mi 9 ©9 
 
 No prizes were awarded to Canada in this class. 
 
 RER : © 
 Le 
 nr 7 + mr 
 PT 
 
 a 79 
 di + 
 
 Ÿ  ELEVENTH CLASS. 
 
 mr armee es 
 
 pr dm * ge 
 
 Hi Preparation and preservation of alimentary substances comprising 
 (l flour, fecula and their extracts, sugar and sweet substances, fermented 
 | drinks, preserves and condiments, preparations from cocoa, cofiee, tea, 
 | 
 | 
 
 À &c., confectionery and products of distillation, apparatus and processes 
 LE Le | for the preparation of food. 
 
 HE 1e 
 
 ME Grand Medal of 
 He | Honor. 
 
 PCT ES 
 
 PRIOR EL is LC SS co ve 0 6% 0 DONS 1 
 
 
 
 RU Te PP 7 40 NE SRE PU ET CT CS) el. 
 On EE de Vo o s cooscses 1 
 
 Medals of Honor .... 
 
 Î f France and her Colonies AT TT. 
 | | Portugal...» ess ssossosesverces soso 11 
 1 United Kingdom and Colonies.......... 72 
 Ti à POUR PT TT Ge 
 Spain. ..s.ssssssesssssesseresesssee 28 
 DORE ss ne svos aimes esdée uns DE 
 
 PIS D uircranbodeios cs 108 Gin 
 ENT Pe alien | NON OR PP 
 SRE ei VO PNA ER PT 
 Belgium .........ssssssseosssesees 12 
 States of Spanish America ......sss.es 10 
 
 Other Prizes.,......es 
 
 Tuscany «essor resenesssessesessee 
 
 mate 
 
 CHEOCC cdi 0 00000000 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 Switzerland «ss soso csssroese 5 
 
 Ottoman Empire ...s..ssssssssessesss 2 
 
 ÿ, Sweden and Norway . ..sssssssers ses 2 
 
 FR States of the Church......sssesssssose 1 
 
 A 11e [United States............sssesessess Ï 
 | 
 

 
 
 RES = an el) 
 CE 2 DE D LE PE, ee : D QU er mena on mn Pom m7 | Fe: 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO JOURNEYMEN, OVERSEERS AND WORKMEN. | | 
 Large Medals of Honor--France.:: 15... 2 (Hi 
 (n' 
 France ete ne00 s00 e 0000 060060... 30 j 
 her Prizes sens 602% AUS is eve GTR D ORNE LS 10 | 
 Belgium sert cree ee see ce sèe 10 1 
 PRIZES TO CANADA, 
 2nd Class Medals--Government of Canada for the Canadian collection 
 (see,in-catalogue the names of contributors to this class.) 
 Mr. Clarke Fitts, of Montreal for biscuits. 
 f Mr. Gamble, of Etobicoke, for flour 
 | N/ 4 L . . 
 Mr. Lawson, of Montreal, for flour and biseuit. 
 Mr. McDougal, of Montreal, for flour. 
 Honorable mentions... { Mr. Nasmith, of Toronto, for biscuit. 
 | Mr. Proctor, of Montreal, for flour and Indian 
 | corn. 
 UMr. Robb, of Montreal, for biscuits. 
 TWELFTH CLASS. s 
 Hygiene, Pharmacy, Surgery, Medicine, comprising, Hygiene and Pub- 
 lic Health, Hygiene in Private Life, Use of Water, Vapour and Gas, 
 Anatomy of Man, and Comparative Anatomy, Veterinary Medicine and 
 care of Horses. 
 Large Medals of Feu munie PETER , 2e vide .ce 
 Honor .... +5. United-Kingdom s. xs a de sole st as Il 
 Medal of Honor. Re vu I a 
 Fan 
 f France and herColonies ......,,.......147 
 | United Kingdom and Colonies.......... 29 
 Oth N.: J Zollverein ss. 11 
 Î CPL TIZOS sc 20 ce éd vs 
 ShEden and Norma, ; series 
 VAR SAIS ECS de ne di 9 | | 
 . \ 1e à 
 É ARE ES RS LR ee De da ee 6 Li 
 Y di 
 
 RER = 
 
 _ taste ee  — 
 L— - Ar 
 
 a. 
 
 +7 - mu 
 
a 
 
 (ORPI EE ENT ER SEAT 
 NOTONS 5 Las agies iin dom NES A 
 DDR see ss sur En be vu ave Te 
 AE à s 9 8 GT rés el 
 LUCE Ne RÉ rss uuus va ÉTÉ 
 Te re PR ETS LES PTS Tr 
 Coma Dmbhés NE secs sis ses 
 States of Spanish America........,..... 
 DetinAtks suites CS de dis OU Es 
 | LADOC® ARS MERS an ARTE à mé »-àù ne US à EN 
 | POULE CNE s es à 6 esse s 
 (Swihamriahl.icinets de sde die 
 
 Other Prizes......... 
 
 hate momies / NE; 
 
 nt eut bent bel bed bed ju 9 DO © EX Cr 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO JOURNEYMEN, OVERSEEKS AND WORKMEN. 
 
 NOT NT et CES PES: cos sse svt 
 
 PRIZES TO CANADA, 
 
 t | Fe Mrs. McCuiloch, of Montreal, for a collection 
 {l Pr Ne of stufled birds from Canada. 
 | Mr. Croft, of Toronto, for officinal preparations. 
 | Honorable Mentions. 7 Lyman, of Montreal, for officinal prepara- 
 tions. 
 
 l'HIRTEENTH CLASS. 
 
 Naval and military arts, comprising the principal elements of the ma- 
 ( terials used in Ship-building, and of the art of navigation, swimming 
 apparatus, life-boats and diving-bells, drawings and models of ships, 
 boats, &c., used on rivers, canals and lakes, and in commerce and deep 
 sea fishing, drawings and models of vessels of war and military engi- 
 neering, materials of war and military equipage, equipment of troops, 
 arms and projectiles, pyrotechnics. 
 
 { France 02 8 5 0000 22 0090 00 ee 
 ; United Kingdom........s..esesessesee 
 Tr Le 
 
 —s' pie = 
 
 Large Medals of Hono 
 
 | Belgium ets te 000.0... 
 CR A ca iuts docs ane à 
 
 PRO TT ER timide eee ee eo 
 Medale-of- Honor... < Bei Em de pen ve ee oo 0 0e 
 
 Prussia ete es 00000000. 
 
 09 CO 7 pi pi bei Q9 
 
 EL DS 
 _ — Msmmrmte re, 
 
 4 
 ee 0e OR ir en ve 
 ne TT 
 
 
 
EE ec - 2 
 
 
 
 
 SENS sn . " Es ù A ET NON. Te " 
 2 EE Vs». LE he 
 
 RS ES eee nrséssranenes mare = 
 I! 
 Hub E 
 ] f | 
 [ 
 | | 
 :. 
 f + 
 
 2 om 
 
 mr | 
 
 ( France and her Colonies........,.......147 
 United Kingdom and Colonies,,...,..,., 32 L 
 Belin... se snssstehnnaes séances : 08 NN 
 AO ve rat rond ÉTÉ RS: 
 RRABRIRX see mù bio eo oi s'ojei 30 0800 8 056.0 
 Sweden au Monter. sl: 
 URtied DORE pb ss destine 
 Zollverein. . ; cave) 
 
 nd 
 
 
 
 
 
 Switzeriand.. usés du Ke sr RÉ 
 Nethetiands,., samedis Ta EE 
 DORÉ... sé da  d ch o ESS RE 
 ÉRRT donne dnrih ar dr v es td ro 
 OO IDE. mb 5 ane oo suc nd 
 DER dédrondMNRT  ervétei Te 
 [Portugal ....... serons. 
 
 Other Prizes......... 
 
 ni et ni ei ji CO à x OX «ù «HI © © 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO JOURNEYMEN, OVERSEERS AND WORKMEN. 
 Large medal of honor to Mr. Dupuy de Lôme, of Paris. 
 
 MAD es Ces SUN Ton Te ess ds ces tv 41 
 POITRINE SE SCT SERRE TES | 2 
 
 Other Prizes......... 
 
 ni PRIZES TO CANADA. 
 
 Mr. Lee, of Quebec, for models of steam and 
 sailing vessels. 
 
 First Class Medal... 
 
 Second Class Medal..—Mr. Cantin, of Montreal, for boat oars. 
 
 Captain Thomas of Toronto, for a model of a life- 
 
 Honorable Mention .. 
 boat. 
 
 FOURTEENTH CLASS. 
 
 Civil Engineering comprising building materials, the divers branches 
 of work connected with building, foundations, works in connexion with 
 marine navigation, roads and railways, bridges, distribution of water 
 and gas, special buildings. 
 
 United Kingdom de o 
 France 0 tt tree ste 1 
 
 Large Medalsof Honor 
 
 Medal of Honor. . . ..—France. … RSR RE CEE RSS 
 
pee nn, mm nr … - - - - mm 0 ——- - ——- ns en ten 
 
 era tons pommnteeee ce cms ee us 7 et” 0 me he mm à = - - —. == Éd ogg | 
 
 f France and her Colonies....,.,..........209 
 VE KindoM EL ds son à 08 6 RIT 
 Frussiér ce SR Luce vu ds CCE 
 Mbigium vu DR di ces UC NQ UE OT 
 Sweden and Norway.................. 19 
 
 de) 
 
 Fes ii de: ON EN GE OS SP A ee ie. - 
 SUBCARŸ TE INSEE Ts nc CIE 
 
 D D 
 
 Zollverein .... tetes test nantes see. + 
 ST QU ES CA LAS DORE RES 
 
 Other Prizes’. ARE À States ot BIO RUN. |, 63208 
 
 k., 
 Æ 
 x 
 ë 
 Es 
 
 D ICAETIRANE e  AMPDn Locuu ei der A 
 CAR PC LEE RES be oo es SLR RATS TA 
 Netherlands. ....,..... SE MONET TA LE 
 Pédare LENS à DPI TOR ENE 
 PO RA A 6 o € à 5 0 8 6 0 UE 
 LFIDOUs ere MDN 6 5 da à TORRES TES 
 RÉPHNMER SL ane do Cac es SCUD T0 
 
 txitrorlon A 
 Switzerland..... 400... ts +. 
 
 mt pet ni nt pm 09 €O dx On Ex 
 
 | United DATES à do se trs SOUPE ND ECS 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO JOURNEYME N, OVERSEERS AND WORKMEN. 
 
 Large medals of Honor to Messrs. De Montricher, Poirée and Vicat, 
 of France. 
 
 Fréhetrr mr à 044 2408 Be ts 4 ee 0. € 65 
 
 un - ol Belgium 000. 05 40 00 etes 16 ee tt 10 
 Other Prizes ...,... , 58 
 | Austria. ee et se 0. 2 
 
 1 . 
 CPPASSIA NT ss 0e veh ses té à La de aa OR 
 PRIZES TO CANADA. 
 
 Public WorksOffice, for models and materials. 
 Geological commission, for building materials. 
 First Class Medals .…. RE) : = 
 5 Mr. Ostell, of Montreal, for wooden doors and 
 window sashes, 
 Second Class Medal to Mr. Brown, of St Catherines, for building 
 
 materials. 
 
 Shipton Slate Company, for slates. 
 
 Hamilton Internation:1 Company, {or asphalt, 
 
 | tions 
 Honorable Men les Gauvreau, of Quebec, for Quebec hydraulie 
 
 cement. 
 
 
 
rai 
 
 +) 
 373 | 
 EG mm hu EE ———__—_———— 
 | 
 FIFTEENTH CLASS. | 
 
 Steel and its products comprising the manufacture of steel for the 
 market, manufacture of special kinds of steel, springs, cutlery, steel 
 tools, various steel manufactures. 
 
 ÉTORS RN  S S RE 
 Large Medals of United Kingdom. . 
 Honor. " 
 
 PUMRIS 5 RSR (ECS 1 
 
 United Kingdom 5 ie SORTE 
 
 FRANCE à die te ide a ve SU SC UNS EEE 
 
 Medals of Honor... AO ES Das Be AL Le ais RER 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 f 
 | 
 Ense sHRaS aNrS SN 
 
 Water burn ml Lei ocre 
 
 f 
 
 f France and her Coloniesii is us sisi Fes 
 Austria es tt ts et se 8 8 0 0. 0 60 
 
 
 
 PSS uen 0 8 SU RS ENS LEE 
 United Kingdom and Colonies.....,.... 54 
 SAUT 5 7e DRM PANNE V'OSERE EE on 
 RE der Le lv sul des ane Un 
 Sweden and NOTA. De. see usa 
 
 BOIRE Si denis ENS LE Le Ste US dl 
 
 
 
 Other Prizes tartes. 
 
 à à 
 FORGE ai à Eu dei ne OR ln Re te Ei 
 
 Re M le 
 
 
 
 DORE REUNION 
 e PORARMRER Etat e cc 
 
 = mn 9 9 Où OO OO 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO JOURNEYMEN, OVERSEERS AND WORKMEN. à 
 
 BUT ee DAS ES LL ES ee 12 
 | Prices 9 
 
 Belgium et sn 2 060. Lee 2 
 
 PRIZES TO CANADA. \ 
 
 Mr. Scott, of Montreal, for tools. | 
 Second Class Medals. 4 Mr. Higgins, of Montreal, for axes. à 
 Mr. Parkyn, of Montreal, iron shovels. 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Date, of Galt, for tools. 
 Honorable Mentions . 4 Mr. Dawson, of Montreal, for planes. 
 Mr. Wallace, of Montreal, for planes. 
 
 . Es nc 
 
 LAS 
 ER PR om the see Te 
 
 Lu 
 Cu mm 
 
 = à 
 
 5 
 
 rar 
 
914 
 
 SIXTEENTH CLASS. 
 
 General metal work, comprising elaboration of metals and alloys, 
 wires, large tubes, copper ware, sheet iron, tin ware, metal wire work, 
 ironmongery and nail-making, locksmith’s work and hardware, zime 
 work, lead work, tin work and various white alloys, precious metals. 
 
 Large Medals of - ( Belgium ....:...s see sosseoceses 1 
 Honor. tPananiaus ns TE dat dire 
 
 Medal of Honor...... 
 
 PORT IN PRET als a lé sos Se 0% » 
 
 
 
 f France and her Colonies............... 1680 
 Rs vis mime ml é vos vus she 2008 
 United Kingdom and Colonies.......... 59 
 MONO LS SE EN ll mu so ss TT 0 
 nb niei sg EPST D EE PET LE PET LAS Me, 
 
 Ltsétgtnetsc a 2 A MUC dorer 29 
 
 Other Prizes. se... 4 Sweden and NOEWEY Ne iso s secsisss 
 INCIHOTIANN ST Sue ce ds dresse nu 
 TOME de once irosd tés 50130 
 
 PSV EMETIANG SCT se devons ares cet 
 M nt ee juin be count s 004 
 PRIE Deinv de ed ose cou scies tt 
 
 a ÉTEINT NS SLR TETE 
 
 emi ©9 C9 © à à © 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO JOURNEYMEN, ONERSEERS AND WORKMEN, 
 
 Fran E > ess et nt et te 0000 te + © 53 
 Belgium 2 tr ee. 17 
 Austria 0% 0900 05000 00 0.00 0 
 
 4 
 Prussia . Ses sr ts et 250060 ee 000 © 3 
 Zollverein CR RE | 
 
 1 
 
 | Tuseany ......,...,....ssssssessssse 
 
 PRIZES TO CANADA. 
 
 [Mr. Peck, of Montreal, for naiïls. 
 | Mr. Jones, of Gananoque, for iron instruments. 
 Honorable Mentions . \ Mr. Parkyn, of Montreal, for iron instruments. 
 
 (Mr. Rice, of Montreal, for tin. 
 
 
 
D ET M SE à 2 —— Ed SR USER M mm rm 
 
 SEVENTEENTH CLASS. 
 
 Goldsmith’s and silversmith’s work, jewellery, bronzes, comprising 
 processes used in goldsmith’s work, cutting and engraving of stones 
 used in jewellery, manufactures of precious metals, plated goods, 
 jewellery, imitation jewellery, jewellery made of various metals, 
 statues, bronzes. 
 
 Large Medals of Honor—France........ HEC TONNERRE 
 
 [ FTANDS sus e na nee CENT 
 | Larted Kingdom. ts... et 
 Medals of Honor... J PTURRISe Ve ns de RTE NU sd SVOUIN ET OS 
 | Netherlands .... ..... bÉcesese verts 
 | Spain... AS Shen SGA à 0 de soso rose LR 
 
 f France and her Colonies ..........,.,.187 
 PIANOS, LL OR FRERE RMEMEE PN  EU 
 United Kingdom and Colonies.......... 15 
 AOMPLR PRIE MEET TU TR NN SR VUE 
 S VA BTIRNUE EURE de ere sos ceis 
 CARE ANNEE PEER PE E Te 
 RONERO MR ES Sd 0 Ne sed JET ETS 0 
 SWEUCR And NOTWAN I 6 Sd neue con ete 
 Other Prizes........, ? States of the SH LEE Là) TERRES RSR RE 
 DOI eds is uet lé vVars Tueur 
 MODE TN a ns ad desert eut 
 DÉDIUATR 4 ai cs sure asve SUR 0 
 NOR ses ton ns ete ne cr Ve UE 
 L'EURO ee me sd nt sm Us CES ATSENE 
 Portugal :. se smnen de des votre es 
 States of Spanish America............. 
 
 a 
 
 pui ni ni bn jé 9 à à Mn O1 OO Où CO 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PRIZES AWARD£D TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN, AND WORKMEN, 
 Large Medal of Honor to Mr. Vechte of Paris. 
 
 PARCS SE ss ssssosssssee ST ÉTÉ 
 UHR RMEdOM Seine ve vesovsses ete 28 
 ut NET PE 7 
 
 9 
 : 
 
 Otlier Prizes.. . 6 066 À AMAR ne cu severe este 
 
 DER se sect mrc ns US ES SAR VU SE LR 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 States of the Church..,...sssssoro see. 
 Netherlands. os ca comtes e cédé svosss ee 
 
 
 
{ D D mm a rer - ; : AAC ED ENTREE INSEE D MDN PTIT BR TP D D EU NÉ PU M LE ni 
 
 | | EIGHTEENTH CLASS, 
 
 Glass and pottery comprising general processes used in making glass 
 and pottery, window glass and mirror glass, bottle glass, crystal glass, 
 crystal, &c., for optical instruments, ornaments, common pottery and terra 
 cotta, faience, stone ware, porcelain, artistical objects. 
 
 a 8 
 United huit ET ATP STE SN TT TE US 
 
 me 
 
 ÉD TE RTS CT LIT CON TRTT TTL TNT 
 
 Bret TO TE of CEE .....… 
 
 LargeMedals of 
 
 Honor. 
 
 Prilsifsnuibres M Bateil Loco csiciriiti 
 
 PT 
 
 Delgiin 26 MMS S vtt ann 
 
 nt jond junt jen ja 
 
 ü 
 | | Bavaria 0 tete te ee 
 
 | f France and her Colonies........,.... 154 
 PER nn endives cuvée 0 
 United Kingdom and Colonies.......... 25 
 PR le Vespa tubes cvs ose 10 
 
 PRIT store es nds socio ils 13 
 
 RE 
 
 
 
 rites ee ÉTÉ VE SS TUE PPT ON PNEUS TOM 6 
 
 Medals of Honor.... j 
 
 hiiiut ttes SMS nn MT D ONE es 
 
 
 
 Sweden and NOFWAY sh conte se ss 0 
 L'TDSCAMY EST ste onde cs sérserites 
 
 D > 
 
 DUR PIATME SIT TE Ne a So ce sd ea 
 
 POLE Te eV RUN NT ds n04 vo 00 69 v-h 4 4 
 
 but jun À 
 
 [ Denmark... 5... 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN, AND WORKMEN. 
 
 > 
 =] 
 
 France.... 06044 0004 te 0020 0... © 
 United Kingdom....... secousses 1 
 
 —2pétne 
 
 DA ES dus ss des dr CUT EX 
 DRE Eee sas ce sais ee sado tir 
 PR ME el iii vases sonde es 
 AEAIEE FU ia MOTTE NE UT PU CT TETE 
 | CUT INTERNES CSN T SA ON ADR UE EUR 
 CET PO Rs da sidi csv ss is 
 TusCanYssessssos sosod css soso oo: 
 
 end bei jt CO de Où OÙ © 
 
 = 
 
 RÉ SeRS 
 2 
 
 dt . Te + 
 - 
 
 ci 
 
 uns: vf th eme Aées 
 
 
 
e PET Aan-nS 
 
 377 
 
 Le ——… = : ——_—— rs - se = . - 
 oo mm mm = “ei - prime _ =. ass + ” prete campagne ” roles mu « 
 
 No prizes to Canada in this class. 
 
 NINETEENTH CLASS. 
 
 Cotton manufactures comprising the materials used in the manufacture 
 of cotton, raw cotton, prepared and spun pure cotton, fabrics, plain, pure 
 cotton fabrics, figured, pure cotton fabrics for special purposes napped, 
 light cotton fabrics, pure cotton fabrics, manufactured with coloured 
 threads, pure cotton fabrics, printed, cotton velvet, mixed fabrics, cotton 
 ribbons. 
 
 = 19 
 
 Large Medals of passe RIDRTOM Las Jr See re 
 Honor. F'TARCÉ ee ess ta a le TRE 
 
 [ Frante ns SR res Rs 
 
 Midas of Hans | Switzerland... 2 
 | United Kingdom... 1 
 
 1 
 
 FRS RE RU ES COUP ..+:.0. 
 
 { France and her Colonies...............192 
 SWAN Ed NM SL te 
 
 Cned IRON EE s à se vou ses ces ce dl 
 
 OT ren ue MERS à secoue ct 
 
 RE EC NN NE PERL à: 
 ET EN à 19 CO PROS RC 
 
 Other Prizes...,..... 4 German States.................... .. B 
 “ lortapal ins les re dt 0e à 
 
 Sweden and NORME Res rene 6e 
 
 EURO Y ee à 2 0 UN ue overdose: à 
 NOIRE RP cd «0 4 
 DRE nv MD Lu Liu, de ES 
 CPR re rien dents e ce est 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN, AND WORKMEN,. 
 
 PRO A er en ne ue C LÉ 
 SNVÉCRORRS sur eue ve PR à 
 Det Erve es SUR ins tn 
 Ne ES PRREURSS SN LS 
 
 No prizes awarded to Canada in this class. 
 
 
 
TWENTIETH CLASS. 
 
 Woollen and worsted manufactures, comprising illustrations of the 
 processes, raw wool, hair and bristles, prepared and dyed, woollen yarn 
 plain and twisted, bleached or unbleached dyed in grain or in piece, 
 with or without a mixture of cotton, silk, &c., fabrics of carded wool 
 milled, carded wool fabrics not milled or only slightly milled, combed 
 wool fabrics, combed or carded wool fabrics mixed with cotton, combed 
 or carded wool mixed with silk, floss silk, cotton, woollen shawls, 
 cashmere shawls, horse hair fabrics. 
 
 et 
 
 PRANCM SLT ESS 0 0 
 
 Large Medals of 
 Honor. 
 
 re 
 
 United Kingdom..........s sssesous.s 
 Delgiume ss. so. so oesscsoocuseceso 
 
 LS 
 
 Ebrahoei Lis ES RES Eh de vo d6 ETS à 
 
 » Austria 300 te 00 0e ee 
 Medals of Honor... . 
 Prussia 0 0 0 000000 ee 
 
 { United Kingdom ......se.sse soso. 
 
 D D ©9 © =] 
 
 (‘France and her Colonies ..........+ 288 
 RE ET Eee 4 3 des sé éue VTT TRES 
 PORN NT end due +00 16508 00 
 United Kingdom...s.ssse.sseesessses 39 
 Déthan. Stileu: sosunt de soso ces. OÙ 
 Belgium ......s.s...ssse sers 24 
 
 
 
 Le 
 
 DOS Deus , Re en pee 
 Sweden and Norway.......ess.sse.e 
 
 Portugal ....s.essssssesese corses 
 Netheriands , ssh es suce ess tos 
 (One nn qahane À ee" nine 
 DR su Stereo lit est vestes 
 
 States of the Church...... soso. see 
 
 bei bi mi DO Mn O1 © 
 
 Turkey sssscsss soso soc sersssee 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OYVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN, AND WORKMEN, 
 
 at LOTS RS ENS NE LL D NA EE 
 Belgium..s..e sssessssssessesoseseee 52 
 ae diminuer set en e ‘10 
 | CR ONE am merde cousou voie D 
 United Kingdom....ss esse sesverres À 
 
 ! No prizes to Canada in this class. 
 
 SSSR em, 
 re meme + + 
 = 
 
 
 
UE TER 
 
 nee rs Se A PPS 0 
 RE RSR RER nr en Penn een ent A me RE en mu. 
 
 TWENTY-FIRST CLASS. 
 
 Silk manufactures comprising the preparation of the silk, raw and 
 thrown silk, plain fabrics and pure silk, fabrics of pure silk, figured, 
 brocaded or with pattern, velvet and plush, fabrics for furniture, hang- 
 ings and church decoration, fancy silk fabrics, mixed with gold, silver, 
 Cotton wool, flax, in which silk is the principal material, fabrics made of 
 pure or mixed floss silk, silk ribbons. 
 
 PPRACO SET séances à UC 6 
 Large Medals of Honor Lombardy .., es des secs NES 
 Piedmont ANT ÉTEND e re de TE 
 
 PÉARR: 50 5755 DIN LAS SNS 2 
 ] Austria... 
 Medals of Honor. ,... 4 Prussia .............. Fe APRRARR SE D 
 Lampes 
 United Kingdom. tt 
 
 bd d9 à © © 
 
 ( France and her Colonies. .... ......... 253 
 vitaerland.. spl. cute ouvres 
 En 5 PSP ER US 
 nn ETS PSP RON CT AN Re 
 DOPOINIS. Go ES has ee. co mo 
 United Kingdom and Colonies.......... 24 
 LUS Dr RTL es 2 ve cou à 
 States of the Church... .......... 11 
 née de tn MS he cos CS 
 Gresce.………. breisetio Di se VU 
 Ottoman Empiré,../i. Stat 
 POUR en veste IT DONC URSS 
 Crormen Sata TEE recu 
 SE EU PRES PR © SORA EE EP TA ER 
 States of Spanish America.....,..,,.... 
 
 [ Sweden and Norway................. 
 
 Other Prizes......... 
 
 nettes aa À tonnes eee 
 — te 
 
 D © À RO oO O -]1 
 
 £ PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN, AND WORKMEN. 
 
 PRET IR ed es au sde CENT OURS 
 AUS oc c0 668 ve se de US TU CU 
 United Kingdom... 25.0 Re crier 
 PRESSIRLS EE ei ee ITS RERNER 4 
 Be iONE eve era SES 1 
 
 Ent En Pare Se 
 
 No prizes to Canada in this class, 
 
 E2 ” 
 LE 
 
 = 
 Lo. 
 : = 
 
 HE a 
 
 
 
| 
 À 
 } 
 4 
 
 © 
 
 ne de 
 mange mt he Te 
 
 
 
 380 
 
 [= tt . — mn — a — - - _ - us ERERET  SEr pur 
 
 TWENTY-SECOND CLASS. 
 
 )! 
 
 Flax and hemp manufactures, comprising the preparation of flax and 
 hemp, flax, hemp and other vegetable fibres raw and prepared, thread 
 from flax, hemp and other fébiées s, sail cloth and other coarse cloths, fine 
 cloths éd ticking cambrics, damasked and a Vraie fabrics, flax mixed 
 with cotton or silk, fabrics made from other vegetable fibres than flax 
 and hemp. 
 
 Prato in ss is is di dinde nes dore é si 1 
 
 Large Medals of Honor 
 
 Ireland Re ie 6 6 160 6 ue et 
 
 f 
 \ 
 LT À 
 
 t2 
 
 tas Gt. PM TM TT Mons eco deu eve 0e ne 
 
 United Kinodon ...... 1 00000 09 
 
 ] 
 | Prussia VE T  des sen ETS Rs ECS ] 
 
 (France. ...ssossesessenooesoseeseees 129 
 Belgium .s.sessosssessssssssoseses.e 48 
 
 Austria 6... + 0e és ot toi 0e 000 00e 92 
 Prus: Mid nd das Nas Ce es veus ér etes 32 
 
 re. 
 United Kingdom. HET D ARR POS PES 2 
 
 jeud 
 bei jm ji 9 He Cd © 
 
 Ta D PT 1 cassonade 
 States of the Ne 0 
 
 Portugal ........s...sssssesseesree 
 
 Other Prizes......... 4 German States....................... 
 
 Spain sv ee ,5 0.09 0 6 5 0 © 0 0 6 0 6e 0 0 0 006 01e 
 
 | Switzerland..............sssssseses. 
 
 No prizes to journeymen, &e., or 10 Can: da in this class. 
 
 ee A D 
 
 TWENTY-THIRD CLASS. 
 
 Hosiery, carpets, embroidery, lace of every kind, old and silver fringes, 
 comprising all articles of these different classes s manufactured of silk, floss 
 silk, wool, horse hair, thread and cotton. 
 
 France ...... Se. ete er es 
 
 Large Medals of Honor 
 
 Belgium... sesses sons ses sous 1 
 
 
 
Len — meme 
 
 ii 2 ” = 
 
 . ;. + 
 Re RP ONNT he 
 
 si À 
 
 + .. - A SRE 5 = 
 F TS ne = 
 / S © ET MARS & ta tome ARR —-— - sr enr es Re 
 nant à ti À mms —— — 
 tt Ph ex, TT . 
 Ca 
 = rm PE ne om re = Tea ta re SE MAR +4 a Dur nm 5 ENTREE vanne ne nm se anne | 
 
 FOR A den ER Ree da nee à 8 
 Medals of Honor. .…. United Kingdom 
 
 Belgium NOR e en sh ie 
 
 TR EN TR ER Dee à 51 3 
 
 LFranee. ve 0. vi Mate 
 United Kinglom and Colonies. .,...... 59 
 PO use hou se cces + OO 39 
 Austria PA à 
 
 German Slates sé use Su 
 
 SL PRE AE à 
 
 | Sweden and NOTA Y. PUS 
 
 Switzerland... PS 
 
 Spain 
 
 SOFORR Su eu ee D OUR 
 
 Other Prizes,. ....... 
 
 Fi “ EE 
 Netherlands. 200.0 55060. . 
 
 En 
 Greece Rabat DCR EURUE EE STE a 
 
 | 
 
 Denmark HR CE 
 Portugal ...… LA ..….. ..…. LA *.... 
 Tuscany Re lit ed sy 4 
 States of the DOUTE :. ; | ” 
 China. .., °......, RTE vos é é 
 States of Spanish America... 
 L& Ai 
 MP TUE, Ve TR 
 
 31 
 2 
 19 
 17 
 15 
 9 
 7 
 à) 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 I 
 I! 
 } 
 I 
 
 LORS ue Read à 200 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED To OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN, AND WORKMEN. 
 
 RRARQU Se EN ANR 371 
 Delgiun ee. TRS SN 18 
 AUSÉTIE » de SUN E à TUE 14 
 
 United Kingdom... . ES TE 7 
 
 °°... 4 
 + Es TESTS 
 German RS SE ue ee 7 CA ... 2 
 
 PRIZES TO CANADA. 
 Second class medal to Government of Canada for their collection. 
 
 Lies Jones, of Montreal, {or a screen worked in 
 RS 
 
 : Woo! 
 
 orable Mentions... 4 | 
 
 able | Fa Parthenais, of L’Industrie, for embroidery 
 
 in Woo! and silk. 
 
 
 

 
 % 
 
 382 
 
 TWENTY-FOURTH CLASS. 
 
 Furniture and decoration, comprising decorative furniture made of 
 stone, stony substances or in metal, cabinet work for daily use, fancy 
 furniture and decorative articles characterized by the use of costly woods, 
 ivory, shell, by sculpture and inlaïd work, furniture of moulded substances, 
 œilt, lacquered, &c., furniture made of reeds, cane, SiraW, &c., household 
 utensils, upholsters” work, stained paper, stuffs and leather prepared for 
 hangings, blinds, book-binding, &c., decorative painting, fittings for 
 theatres, public ceremonies, &e., church furniture, ornaments and decora- 
 
 tions. 
 
 CS 
 
 Large Medals of Honor 4 PE um tee posés esessees es 
 
 us 
 
 France soso sesessensensses 
 United Kingdom ..s.sessooreessesees 
 
 Medals of Honor..... 
 
 PÉLIQSIA. «6 6 tout eee 0 68 eee 
 
 pet pd LS 
 
 { Tuscanyÿ Ses tas LAND dore VAS OUNATERRES 
 
 { France and her Colonies...ssessses.ss 210 
 United Kingdom and Colonies.....e.e 49 
  Germss RERLES, sono socessauses de 15 
 CIRIUM sers oran prssotesseseenne 14 
 | Austria seesressessereneeeees 11 
 TT ENNEMI IT I EE CEE RCE EE EEE 11 
 
 ae 
 4 
 
 FUSGANY « cocon re serrer rte 
 RE PP OO I RL OTE ELLES 8 
 Me Drisesssc ess é Sweden and Norway...sesssessessee 7 
 Netherlands . esse ee 4 
 Qtates of the CUhurch............s.s... 
 Qyitzerland..scosssos sors ere 
 CéeGbs ss cnrs era see 06 CEA 
 Spain sos ciesisiimencsnerres nets 
 Denmark secs crosses vies 
 United States... somescoorosooseseeee 
 
 | 
 EN SR TS TO EE VE ÉLUS 
 
 be 19 DO à À © À 
 
 | Ottoman Empire.......essssssesre 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN, AND WORKMEN. 
 
 Cran Re ederdeeererss es 00e 115 
 Prussia so... PPS PT ST à RSS LIL ALU LS LEE LSSS 13 
 United Kinglom.........ssssssesees 12 
 

 
 on — 
 7 
 
 rte 
 
 ——_—_—__— 
 
 
 
 Belgium ORNE a vrac ÉO 
 | States of the Clureh;}.,.....… ie 2 
 | Austria rime : :% 
 Switzerland ÉD a ES SNS 
 Denmark RE Tr des pas ea 1 
 
 PRIZES To CANADA, 
 
 Second Class Meda] … (e Drum, of Quebec, for à ch 
 
 air of waved mapel. 
 Tr. Hilton, Of Montreal, for a co 
 
 llection Of furniture. 
 
 M. Bevis, of Hamilton 
 Mrs. Widder, of Toron 
 Mr. Mac Garvey, 
 
 , for a mosaic table. 
 lo, for a drawing room chair. 
 Of Montreal, for rocking chairs. 
 
 Honorable Mentions. . 
 
 nt  mmméocntnins 
 
 TWENTY-FIFTH CLASS. 
 
 Articles of clothing, objects of fashion and far 
 used in making clothes, buttons 
 
 Coats and clothes, boots and sh 
 work, feather and bead head dresses, ornament 
 work, fans, screens, parasols, umbrellas, 
 wood, ivory and shell, &e. Dressing 
 mented with ivory, &c., she 
 Cardboard, basket work, 
 kinds. 
 
 C}, Comprising materials: 
 Stays, braces and garters, 
 gloves, hats and Caps, hair 
 S, artificial flowers, needle 
 sticks, articles of hardware in 
 "Cases, inkstands, fancy articles orna- 
 aths and manufactures in morocco leather and 
 &c., toys, dolls, wax figures, games of 21 
 
 , linen drapery, 
 0es, gaiters and 
 
 EVOTS Se SE SE 
 
 | FPAROBS es ne ee mn ee 
 Large Medals of Honor United Kingdom 
 
 > RÉ À de RAS ET ET TT ES 1 
 
 =. 
 
 (F rance 
 
 Austria TE ea LS 
 Medals of Honor... tra —- 
 
 A D 1 
 
 Vases cts s e 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{ France and her Colonies. 52000 00061 000 
 United Kingdom and Colonies.....+.... 136 
 Augtria side demtar eos ent 86 
 German States.s.. soon 44 
 | Sweden and Norway een eee 42 
 Prussia sccsseos sons coop coovresenees 39 
 | Portugal. . ss csososessseneseeereesees 22 
 Belgium.s....sosesoséorsreseorers es 17 
 rasta: sinus ir eus e VERS, VISTA 16 
 Other Prizes ns LA SVT sara nt ee ANR ERP TNS 12 
 Tuscany ec sr soon roneee 10 
 ÉD ane sn nmearess coordonne 10 
 
 be CR bc nd CRÉÉ ER AR 
 | 
 
 Ottoman Empire so biore É:0.0 409.90 9010 0 072,0"? 
 
 «) © 
 
 Sardinia PR VA UE SUN M AD ON, EEE A EU PS je À ALP fe AE Jr ge cn 
 
 Netherlands es. sosssosssose eus 
 
 œ © 
 
 States of Spanish AMETICA. css. 
 United States +. 0 ee 0e 
 States «f the 
 
 LA 
 à) FPE 7 
 ne Church... 0. 
 
 > 9 19 
 
 D'OR u sus dos soobeces ess nr vs rep rs 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN, AND WORKMEN. 
 
 MARGE UE Te da 88 86 de 1499 641000 
 Austria Me TRUE DUR 2 MINE EE EEE x E À) 2 2 90 
 United Kingdom.....sssssses see. 17 
 
 ; Belgium..s..esssesssroo cessent. 
 
 Re. sen Gent ct 
 (German viaics Soccer e dés 0 8600600 00 
 
 © © 
 
 Switzerland ... +. +. NREMELE 
 
 PRIZES TO CANADA. 
 
 { Mr. Barbeau, of Quebec, for hunting and riding 
 boots. 
 Mr. Henderson, of Quebec, for a beaver pelisse. 
 Second Class Medals...< Mr. Mercier, of Quebec, for Indian work. 
 The Montreal India Rubber Company. 
 
 Mr. Smith, of Montreal, for a collection of boots 
 and shoes. 
 
 mie - 
 = 
 
 ei 
 
 
 
 LE 
 
EN 
 
 
 
 mpsiititit pee £ _— RS A 
 ÿ 
 LL 
 Û 
 ab NE + : | a ———————— 
 
 
 
 Mr. Mercier, of Quebec, Indian curiosities and 
 
 à. furs. 
 
 Messrs. Merryfeld & Sheridon, of Toronto, for a 
 collection of boots and shoes, 
 
 Mr. Gauthier, of Montreal, for clothing. 
 
 Messrs. Scanberth & Robinson, of Toronto, for a 
 collection of boots and shoes. 
 
 The Sisters of Providence, of Montreal, for wax 
 work. 
 
 Mrs. Rhodes, of Quebec, for ornamented bark 
 
 [ work. 
 
 Honorable Mentions. 
 
 —————. mn, 
 
 T'WENTY-SIXTH CLASS. 
 
 Drawing and modelling applied to industry, letter press and copper 
 plate printing : photography, comprising Writing, drawing and painting : 
 lithography, autography and Stone-engraVing, engraving on metal or wood, 
 stereotomy, moulds and stamps, printing. 
 
 . P'TAROe ete, AR Se ST | 
 
 Large Medals of Honor | 
 ) ustria de Dot VUS RE AR TAN AN CU Dre Î 
 di RÉ SS PE re NOTE MEET 4 
 Medals of Honor.... United ETS LS CARE DRE I 
 Prussia...:. ......: Do. vas Cure 6 6 6e 1 
 
 f France and her Colonies séoévesssssses 420 
 
 United Kingdom and Colonies. és, 66 
 
 Germen States: ienene s du des 47 
 
 PROS ne une Lan OS rec Le | 29 
 
 ES 27 
 
 Helpe qe amp. 18 
 
 (her Prizes...,..,5: 4 MORE atlas buses à s à. 8 
 
 PRIOR ne nsae es dec can à 8 
 
 nee te msn F4 
 
 Une SMES.. > qu siu born ns lacs nee 0. 7 
 
 States of Spanish America . . aware 16 
 
 Sarnia, ses en sue es à: davance es : à à 6 
 
  Tuscange 5 
 Z 
 
 
 
{ 
 
 : 
 : 
 
 1 
 mn. ange qe 
 
 
 
  , & 
 = 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 [ States of the Church ..........e....s. 5 
 
 | Portugal. +... +... ... 0 6 te + © © 3 
 
 4 Greece .... ss sensssessesrsse ses se 9 
 
 | Ottoman Empire. .s..oes sossrsos see 3 
 
 | Denmark. .............. 0... € 3 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN, AND WORKMEN. 
 H'IAMOB: cou vec fase vob ose oo 0e 00: 1 
 Larce Medals of Honor < 
 
 9 United Kingdom.......s.s esse sors. ! 
 
 
 
 MT CPÉTLUITA SLI COTE OS 12 
 
 | : 
 
 rs RE LUE 6 
 Other Prizes ....... 4 German States ......sssessssssrers ss 6 
 
 | Belgium... Le ne ee 5 
 
 | United Kingdome ss serrures sssree. l 
 
 PRIZES TO CANADA. 
 
 { Miss Cochran, of Quebec, for fruit in wax work. 
 
 Mr. Doane, of Montreal, for photographs. 
 
 Mr. Miller, of Montreal, specimens of book-bind- 
 ing. 
 
 
 
 
 
 | | Mr. Palmer, of Toronto, specimens of daguer- 
 Honorable Mentions. . 4 ’ » SP g 
 reotypes. 
 
 The Sisters of Providence of Montreal, fruits in 
 wax work. 
 
 Mr. Young, of Montreal, specimens of book- 
 binding. 
 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH CLASS. 
 
 Manufacture of musical instruments, comprising wind instruments in 
 wood, horn, ivory, bone, shell, leather and metal ; wind instruments with 
 key-boards, stringed instruments, without key-boards, pulsatile instru- 
 ments, automaton instruments, sata stuved articles and accessories. 
 
 HTANCE s sr sata ruse sue see oc 4 
 Bavaria ne se. 1] 
 
 Large Medals of Honor 
 
nm mate mme 
 
 
 
 mr mag —— | 
 — — RS —————Zc — 
 
 Nepal. of Mongr eus, À FranoBs ee nés er ccusae se nee. 5 
 
 
 
 { France ra ae x TE 
 
 ART 6 Se + de NA NT 
 
 German States. ds Fo EU IST RES 
 
 Belgium A 4e Evene d Qu UT CET 
 
 | United Kingdom .... . RON CT: 
 
 Prussia Res LÉ S ES CONNUE 
 
 Switzerland ,... RATE den os sd ne AE 
 
 Other Prizes .. 1 United States... à à PMR RES 
 
 Denmark ....::..... CE PARA UNE 
 
 Netherlands On 
 
 States of the CH 0 
 Spain ET te done à ges NUE 
 Tuscany RE aude 84 del 
 
 C archi: SAME pet MT 7 LES 
 
 | ÈS) 
 Fi hi Hi pi KO C9 C9 à HR © «3 © 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS, JOURNEYMEN, AND WORKMIEN. 
 
 France .… RES E helene EN 
 AUSÈNIS SET RS 
 Belgium ... oc sosoroses 
 Prussia RP NUE 
 United Kingdom Re UT 
 
 HR 
 
 mi LOQ 
 
 NO PRIZES To CANADA IN THIS CLASS. 
 
 To complete the number of all the prizes awarded in the arts, we must 
 add the special prizes given exclusive of the classes ; those awarded by a 
 mixed Commission in the branches comprised in classes X, XIX, XX, XXI, 
 XXII, and XXIII united, and above all the prizes awarded in the 
 additional class XXXTI, established during the exhibition, for cheap articles 
 
 of the descriptions most useful to the poorer and middle classes of society. 
 
 SPECIAL PRIZES EXCLUSIVE OF CLASSES, 
 
 L M d ls fH nor France. étre ROUES PR ess ve TT 0 
 MES eGR's oi Ho United Kingdom. 
 
 f United Kingdom ......... 
 Portugal: 
 
 ns rose ue 0 
 
 Medals of Honor rex | Tuscany RE CRE SNS RENE 
 Cuba... REED E YEN SON PER Co 
 
 | Neteco 
 British FR Te 
 
 el el nt ut bed fl pol RO 
 
 
 

 
 _—_— meurs — = 
 
 PRIZES GRANTED BY A MIXED COMMISSION OF CLASSES X, XIX, XX, 
 
 XXI, XXII ann XXIHII. 
 
 Large Medals of Honor< France.............… ES UT NME 
 
 . France... SR di sn te el 6 
 Medals of Honor... ’ 
 
 United 'Kingdon 545554 4 eos sonss 2 
 
 ( France and her Colonies ..................... 9 
 Unided Kingdom and Colonies ........... 31 
 Fee es PP ET PRET DU 8 
 
 } Switzerland .....… RE te a LU 
 ARS 2. ÊTRE NTM NET 
 rs ds ns D nee vs an oies 
 TL 
 
 Cet An assstenns lesnn esse ete t 
 
 Other Prizes......... 
 
 md bel DO Cr 
 
 THIRTY-FIRST CLASS, ADDITIONAL. 
 
 Domestic economy comprising cheap articles of food, building, furni- 
 ture and clothing. 
 
 Large Medal of Fi RO Ne te LR RAS ENRT PE ENNRRAR ATRR R 1 
 
 “ 
 
 PAG LOMME ES LN DOVE 5 
 Medals of Honor ...…. 
 
 MbatPIn JUQTE QUET AUOT 243222 PRE 1 
 
 { France and her Colonies ....…...........…. 207 
 PAS ssaniluxs drvdede des ve atn UN RE 
 ABS none denses 0 INSEE « à LÉ es 56 AO 
 United Kingdom and Colonies .........…... 11 
 
 Other Prizes Portugal ntm tés tee tierces cr. * 
 German States 4 « «4. éco es SRE ue 
 
 Sardinia ....…. ...:.. nn vus ser ere ss seumeseres ? 
 Belgium .......s..ss sers 
 SpaiNssesssss sense sesses seen 
 
 | United States 56% « 6 » +... 
 
 mt ri ©9 JO O1 CO 
 
 . 
 
 se free 2e + die VER 
 
 re ner een te 
 
 
 
389 
 
 ——— ne me 
 
 oo 
 
 PRIZES AWARDED TO OVERSEERS 
 
 France .... 
 United King 
 Belgium ave 
 Prussia .... 
 
 PRIZES TO CANADA IN TH 
 
 Mr. Idler of 
 Mr. Smith o 
 
 Honorable mention... à Mr. Cross of 
 } 
 
 Second Class Medals. 
 
 RECAPTTU 
 
 Grand total of the puzes awarded to each Country, exclusive of the 
 
 categories of the Large Medals of Hoi 
 
 France and 
 
 United Kingdom and Coloniest ,...,,. 1,326 
 ARE Lucas verve ces M 1,012 
 a ÉRRÉSN ET ÉTST RURAER EE S, 124 
 te RL LEE LE TRI RARES 616 
 GOrDn SUR 5. ue 475 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Sweden and ei à ÉCPPR PE OPES re 263 
 Portugal se ere sos ves à 23208 235 
 
 SAR. à 4055 date 0 Pots e LT 132 
 
 Spain .... 
 
 Netherlands 
 Tuscany … 
 
 United States EN ets REC 75 
 
 LPO LAN PARTS MO co TA EEE 66 
 mate ET RE IT PET CAE TN 62 
 States of Spanish America … senes ses "243 
 States of the OR An tr 43 
 Ottoman re T2 TOUTE A 34 
 T'OMS À 4 
 OR RE NERO bc ; 3 
 aan TS PORT NE ‘ 2 
 ERPOR NE CR I 
 
 * All these numbers and those preceding have been copied with care from the lists of the In- 
 ternational Jury, and revised with minute attention. 
 
 + With regard to France and England, and es 
 derable amount in the total, 
 
 _cmmiénttin si Rs eee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ) JOURNEYMEN, AND WORKMEN. 
 
 RCE RETRO N TS IUT CR TE ... 
 dom EUROS RUES ES: 32 
 
 bd bi ph © 
 
 CORRE Vase ÉMOIT TES a te .. 
 
 E TWENTY-SECOND CLASS, 
 
 Montreal, for preserved m 
 f Montreal for boots and shoes. 
 
 Montreal, for cheese. 
 
 LATION. 
 
 or and Medals of Honor. * 
 
 ber Colonies,. 5 TS 7,163 
 
 NCNNNSETETUT TITI ere 121 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 pecially the latter, the Colonies form a consi- 
 
 
 
CR LE 
 
 an ttet à de te 
 \ = mi 
 
 
 
er ; ; à … 
 us 2 LATE Eu tank. vi RON EE ani 2 une. 
 be an C4 ul LE a ot SR Là LE te EE à vx or mr er = = dE  — — — 
 
 nn de + CO À tr fe à - = 
 
 
 
 
 
 REPORT 
 
 OF 
 
 SIR WE: LOGAN: 
 
 ToRoNTO, 8rd April, 1856. 
 
 SiR,;—Having returned to Canada after the performance of the duties 
 assigned to me in conjunction with Mr. J. C. laché, as one of the special 
 Commissioners to the Paris Industrial] Exhibition, and brought with me the 
 various medals awarded to the contributors of the collection of products 
 sent from the province, I have the honor to inform you that these have been 
 placed in the hands of the Provincial Secretary for safe-keeping, until such 
 time as it shall please His Excellency the Governor General to order the 
 distribution of them among those for whom they are finally intended. 
 
 These medals consist of one grand medal of honor, one medal of honor, 
 thirteen first class and thirty second class r1edals. In addition to the names 
 of the contributors to whom the medals were decreed, those of forty-three 
 contributors appear in the official list as rewarded by an honorable mention : + 
 but beyond the publication in the official list there are no diplomas or 
 documents of any kind connected with them. 
 
 In the official list of prizes published in France at the time of the dis- 
 tribution of the medals, nothing more is registered than the name of the 
 contributor, the class comprehending his contribution, and the country from 
 which it comes. A copy of this as relates to Canada, I now transmit to 
 you ; and you will perceive that, with no other official document as a guide, 
 it would be impossible, without great liability to error, to state the grounds : 
 on which the awards have been made, or frame any report, comparing 
 Canadian contributions with those of other countries, or putting forth what 
 might be considered the general results of the Exhibition. This can only 
 be done after the final reports of the juries have reached this countr , and 
 these were not expected to issue from the press sooner than thr:e months 
 from the time of my departure from Paris, towards the end of December. 
 
 They were at that time being framed, but no access was permitted to 
 to them or to the bases on which they were founded, except to mem- 
 bers of the juries, and no juror was allowed to examine more than the 
 documents of the class to which he was attached. The only juror especially 
 connected with Canada, was Mr. Hunt, of the geological survey, who was 
 appointed by Prince Napoleon to the first-class--that including mineral 
 products. All the facts relating to the proceedings of the jury on this class 
 
 
 

 
 … ee qe mn 
 
 Es DO RS 
 
 { 
 der 
 ee MODE TROT 
 
 sd 
 
 392 
 
 re 
 
 are in his possession, and he is engaged in preparing a report which will 
 embody such details regarding the applications of Canadian minerals as 
 have been suggested by the opportunities and experiences afforded him by 
 the Exhibition. 
 
 Accompanying this Î transmit to you also a statement shewing how the 
 Canadian collection has been disposed of since the close of the Exhibition, 
 some of it having been presented to various institutions in Paris connected 
 with the French government, part of it sold, some portion returned to 
 Canada, and the remainder deposited in the Sydenham palace to form the 
 nucleus of a collection of Canadian products, which the Canadian govern- 
 ment, accepting an offer of space from the Directors of that institution, are 
 disposed to place there, and to make worthy at once of the province, and of 
 the building in which the collection will be displayed, 
 
 In addition to the foregoing documents, I hand you a statement of 
 monies paid and received, by which you will observe there is a balance 
 against me of (£6 19s. 3d. cy.) six pounds, nineteen shillings and three 
 pence. 
 
 I have the houor to be, 
 Sir, 
 Your most obedient servant. 
 
 W. E. LOGAN. 
 To W. Rhodes, Esq., M. P. P., 
 Chairman of the Executive Committee, 
 of the Paris Exhibition Commission. 
 
LIST OF PRIZES AWARDED TO CANADIAN EXHIBITORS AT 
 THE PARIS INDUSTRIAL, EXHIBITION OF 1855. 
 
 Grand Medal of Honôt;;.:}.::. 
 
 Medal of Honor... 
 1st Class Medal, …....... 
 
 sortes. 
 
 2nd Class Medal, 
 
 1st Class Medal, … ........... 
 
 2nd Class Medal, ........... 
 
 Honorable Mention, 
 
 Olass I. 
 
 W. E. Logan, —Canada. 
 
 Class II. 
 
 .. Canada. 
 Hudson Bay Co.,—Lachine. 
 
 À. Dickson,—Kingston. 
 Farmer & DeBlacquière,— Woodstock. 
 G. Sharples,— Quebec. 
 
 Class IL | 
 
 … Canada Company,—Toronto. 
 
 G. Cross,— Montreal. 
 
 W. C. Lyman & Co.,—Montreal. 
 A. Shaw,— Toronto. 
 
 À. Perry,—Montreal. 
 
 .J. Fisher,—Montreal. 
 
 J. Fleming,— Toronto. 
 
 D. Laurent, — Varennes, 
 
 L. Morse,—Milton. 
 
 A. Shaw,— Toronto. 
 
 G. Sheppard,—Montreal. 
 R. Wade,—Cobourg. 
 
 A. Coffin,—Gaspé. 
 
 W. Evans,— Montreal. 
 
 À. Kimpton,—St. Thèrèse. 
 W.F. Jarvis,— Toronto. 
 Abbe Villeneuve,—Montreal. 
 
 DR dE US D LM = 
 
 EL 
 
 et 
 
 = 
 ge me 
 
 
 

 
 em 
 
 1st Class Medal, 
 
 Honorable Mention, ....… 
 
 Honorable Mention 
 
 1st Class Medal, 
 
 2nd Class Medal, 
 
 Honorable Mention, 
 
 2nd Class Medal... 
 
 2nd Class Medal... 
 
 Honorable Mention, 
 
 2nd Class Medal,… . 
 
 … L. Lemoine, —Quebec. 
 
 9 +... ..... 
 
 Honorable Mention, ..........…. 
 
 1st Class Medal,.…............…... 
 2nd Class Medal... 
 
 Honorable Mention, 
 
 394 
 
 
 
 
 
 Class IV. 
 
 George Perry,—Montreal. 
 
 Class V. 
 
 G. Barrington,—Montreal. 
 
 Class VI. 
 
 W. Rodden,—Montreal. 
 
 D. Munro,—Montreal. 
 
 B. P. Page, —Montreal. 
 
 P. Dunn,—Montreal. 
 
 Dion & Lepage, —Rimouski. 
 W. H. Rice,—Montreal. 
 
 Class IX. 
 
 .….W,. Rodden,—Montreal. 
 
 Class XI. 
 
 .Clark Fitts,—Montreal. 
 
 Government of Canada. 
 E. Lawson,—Montreal. 
 
 J. McDougall,—Montreal. 
 J. D. Proctor,—Montreal. 
 J. Robb,—Montreal. 
 
 Class XII. 
 
 Mrs. McCulloch,—Montreal. 
 H. Croft,—Toronto. 
 
 Wm. Lyman & Co.,—Montreal. 
 
 Class XIII. 
 
 .T. C. Lee, —Quebec. 
 . À. Cantin,—Montreal. 
 
 Captain Thomas,— Toronto. 
 
- eus ERP + 5 ne et She 7 
 tite + hais AE be de mn RTE CTIS TE z : z Az 
 
 Class XIV. 
 
 1st Class Medal, .…................Board of Works,—Quebec. 
 Geological Survey of Canada,— Montreal. 
 J. Ostell,—-Montreal. 
 2nd Class Medal... Brown,—<$t. Catherines. 
 Honorable Mention, ….........Shipton Slate Co.,—Shipton. 
 International Mining Co.,—Hamilton. 
 P. Gauvreau ,— Quebec. 
 
 Class XV. 
 
 2nd Class Medal... .…............R. Scott,—Montreal, 
 J. & J. Higgins,— Montreal. 
 W. Parkins, Montreal. 
 Honorable Mention, MH. & H. Date,—Galt. 
 
 J. Dawson, —Montreal. 
 
 W. Wallace,— Montreal. 
 
 Class XVI. 
 
 Honorable Mention, ..….........Thos. Peck,—Montreal. 
 D. T. Jones,—Gananoque. 
 Wm. péri Mon 
 W. H. Rice,—Montreal. 
 
 Class XXIII. 
 
 2nd Class Medal,.…..…............… Kingston.* | 
 Honorable Mention, ............Mad. J.J ones,—Montreal, 
 Mad. P. Partenais,—Industrie, 
 
 Class XXIV. 
 
 2nd Class Medal,..........…, .Wm. Drum,—Quebec. 
 J. & W. Hilton,—Montreal. 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 * Thisfis awarded to the collective contents of a pavilion marked Kingston in which the pro- 
 ducts of the following contributors were exposed. 
 
 Simon Bean, worsted stockings, shawls, blankets and flannels; Madame Colby, worsted 
 Stockings, ehawls and flannels: Madame Bouchard, worsted thread; Barber Brothers, 
 flannels. 
 
 Re. Se 
 TRE er Lg y 6 
 
 CR 
 
 
 
CE PE LES ESS RES _ PE PRES 
 ee ec 
 
 Honorable Mention, ............J. Bevis,—Hamilton. 
 Miss Widder,—Toronto. 
 
 Class XX VW. 
 
 2nd Class Medal, ….............…. J. Barbeau, Quebec. 
 Henderson & Co.,—Quebec. 
 
 te 
 om = 
 
 Canada India Rubber Co.,—Montreal. 
 Indians of Canada. 
 Smyth & Co.,— Montreal. 
 Honorable Mention, . ..........D. Mercier, —Quebec. 
 fl Merrifield & Sheridan,— Toronto. 
 I Mad. Rhodes,—Quebec. 
 | Scandritt & Robinson,—Toronto. 
 41h Sisters of Providence, —Montreal. 
 
 LA Class XX VIT. 
 | 
 | É | Honorable Mention, …...........Miss Cochrane,— Quebec. 
 FE! J. C. Doane,—Montreal. 
 | R. & À Miller,—Montreal. 
 { 
 
 T, J. Palmer,—Toronto, 
 Sisters of Providence, —Montreal. 
 
 # A. Young,—Montreal. 
 } 
 Class XXXI. 
 \ 
 2nd Class Medal,.…...............#©. Idler,—Montreal, 
 Smyth & Co._—Montreal. 
 Honorable Mention, ............ G. Cross, —Montreal. 
 #( 
 AU 
 1 
 | Î À, 
 | t | 
 FR IE 
 El t 
 
 
 
STATEMENT 
 
 SHEWING THE MANNER IN WHICH THE ARTICLES SENT 
 FROM CANADA TO THE PARIS EXHIBITION WERE 
 DISPOSED OF. 
 
 In this Table the designation of the Article is generally preceded by the name of 
 the Exhibitor. 
 
 CLASS , L 
 
 The collection of minerals in this class was distributed in part to the Ætcole 
 des Mines at Paris, and the remainder sent to Sydenham Palace. For 
 details upon this class and those that follow we refer to the cata- 
 logue. 
 
 CLASS IE 
 
 Bouchard, Pierre, specimens of maple sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Dickson, Andrew, specimens of timber, sent to Sydenham, as also the arti- 
 cles of the same class exhibited by Messrs. Farmer and DeBlaquiere, 
 Gamble, Kennedy, Lavoie, Lévêque, Marmon, Moody, Saint Arnaud, 
 Saint Armand, Sharples, Dubeau, Grant & Hall, Halliday, Lamoucbe, 
 MacGibbon, and Manning. 
 
 Moore, Thomas, Paxton, Jennings and Smith, handles of tools and staves, 
 distributed between the Conservatoire des Arts at Métiers, the Austrian 
 Commission, Messrs. Goldenburg of Germany, and Sydenham Palace. 
 
 Mercier, David, divers articles sent back to owner. 
 
 Hudson's Bay Company, a collection of furs, part sold to the profit of 
 Canada, part presented to the English Commission and the Jardin 
 des Plantes, and the remainder sent back to Canada. 
 
 Murphy, M., fishing-lines, sold. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 2  ———_———— 
 
 Peacock, John, artificial flies for fishing, presented to the Conservatoire des 
 Arts et Métiers. 
 
 CLASS IL. 
 
 Evans, W., plan of a Canadian farm, presented to the Imperial School at 
 Grignon. 
 
 Bingham, J., an iron plougbh, sold. 
 
 Brough, R., rakes, some presented to the Imperial School at Grignon, 
 and the remainder sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Dion & Lepage, large model of a thrashing machine, presented to the Im- 
 perial School of Grignon. 
 
 Glasford, George, scythes sent to Sydenham, 
 
 Jeffries, J., stump and root extractor, 
 
 Moody, Matthias, reaping and weeding machines. 
 
 Morse, a plough, 
 
 Paige, a thrasnimg machine, 
 
 Patterson, a plough. 
 
 Rice, a fanner, the foregoing were sold for the benefit of the Committee. 
 
 The whole of the collection of seeds and grains (see catalogue) was in part 
 exchanged for seeds and grains from the following countries, viz: 
 France, England, Austria, Portugal, Egypt, Turkey, Tunis, Tuscany, 
 States of the Church, Algeria, Norway and Denmark ; part were pre- 
 sented to the Société Impériale d'acclimitation de France ; to the Con- 
 servatoire des Arts et Méliers ; to the Imperial School of Grignon; to 
 Mr. Vilmorin and other members of the Jury, and the remainder sent 
 to Sydenham. 
 
 Perry, Alfred, hickory nuts, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Robertson, wool ; Southwick, wool ; Corse & May, oil cake ; all sent to 
 Sydenham. 
 
 Cross, George, cheese, given to the French Exhibition of cheap articles. 
 
 Wade, R., cheese, damaged and lost. 
 
 CLASS IV. 
 
 Ladd, C. P., scales, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Rodden, scales, sent to Sydenham. Some articles from this contributor 
 were sold to his profit, as they were his private property. 
 
 Fergusson, W. J., hose and pipe, sent back to Canada. 
 
 Lemoine, Louis, fire engine, do. do. 
 
 Perry, George, fire engine, sold to English Government. 
 
a - d : . : 5 = ne sort. SEE. d à s - Dr * Bt 
 8 23 PEL ED a + RAS SOS QI > me Ju 
 
 = 1 si Les ete ”— 
 s A RES _ RS — a ——- 
 ss nn « = = EE . 
 ed D 20e Em ET DE = = —__—— x 
 
 
 
 CLASS V. 
 
 Archambault, André, harness, sent to Sydenham. 
 Barrington, George, do., sold. 
 Combs, John, hames, sent to Sydenham. 
 Couvrette, Magloire, do. do, 
 
 Dean, Robert, leather portmanteau, sold. 
 Edward, W. R., saddles, sent to Sydenham. 
 Morris, Robert, harness, sent to Sydenham, leather portmanteau sold. 
 Trelkeld, I, collection of whips, sent to Sydenham, 
 Wiltse, Joseph, yoke, sold. 
 
 Gingras, Edward, a carriage, sent to Sydenham. 
 Leduc, Clovis, do. sold, 
 
 Saurin, Joseph, a sleigh, sent to Sydenham. 
 Holland, M., railroad spikes, sent to Sydenham, 
 
 CLASS VI. 
 
 Dean, Robert, a portable forge, sold. 
 
 Lindlay, C., do. do. do. 
 
 Helme and Wade, boring machine, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Ladd, C. P., flour mill, sent to Sydenham, sold. 
 
 MacLellan, a mortising machine ; Munro, a planing and grooving machine : 
 Parsons, a brick making machine : Rodden, cabinetmakers’ machine , 
 planing machine ; trenail making machine ; Dunn, a machine for mak 
 ing nails, all sold. 
 
 CLASS VII. 
 
 Brough. R., Spinning jennies ; Taylor and Dockrill, a sewing machine, all 
 sent to Sydenham. 
 
 CLASS VIIL 
 
 Hearn and Potter, an engineers’ level, sent back to Canada. 
 
 Keefer, Thomas C., a topographical map of Canada, sent back to Canada. 
 
 Tanguay, L’Abbé, fossil bones, being a private contribution , were sent back 
 to the owner. 
 
 . 
 
 portes 
 
 4 Pts 
 
 
 

 
 ne 
 
 = sphere es +. lis ms PR = 
 pu p 
 
 se 
 mn Me PÈRE 
 
 CLASS IX. 
 
 Scobell, L., pressed turf, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Ladd, C. P., an iron coffin, do. do. 
 
 Macklin, O. $., a stove, sold in a damaged state. 
 
 Prowse, G. F., a refrigerator, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Rodden, W., a kitchen stove, sold. 
 
 Lyman, W., sponge, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Piper Bros., lanterns for locomotives, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Tetu, C. H., fish oil of different descriptions, part sent to Sydenham, and 
 part furnished by Mr. Taché to the firm of Levasseur, at Paris, as 
 samples. 
 
 CLASS X. 
 
 Brennan, Patrick, potash, sold. 
 
 Carr, L., glue, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Lyman, W., alcaline salts, sold. 
 
 MacFarland, Archibald, glue, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Townsend, T. W., chemical preparations, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Archambault, À., leather varnish, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Fisher, J., vegetable oil, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Fox, C. J., neats’ foot oil, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Hearle, J. G., toilet soaps, sold. 
 
 Keefer, T. C., porpoise oil, given for samples. 
 
 Laflamme, A., oil cloths, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Lepage and Lévêque, porpoise oil, part given by Mr. Taché for samples, 
 and the remainder sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Lyman, S., wax, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Lyman, W., animal and vegetable oils, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Montreal India Rubber Co., boots and shoes, part sold, and part sent to 
 Sydenham. 
 
 Houghton and Wallace, leather, sold. 
 
 Maclin, 0. S., leather, sold. 
 
 Têtu, ©. H., porpoise leather, in part given for samples, and the remainder 
 sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Valois, Narcisse, tanned and dyÿed leather, sold. 
 
 Andres, S. R., paper made from the plant Gnaphalium, given to the 
 Conservatoire des Arts et Méliers. 
 
 Gingras, Pierre, dyed martin furs. 
 
EDP 2-2 
 
 RE —— - = RE  —— - 
 
 401 
 
 Co a re 
 
 ta, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lyman & Co., plants for ‘dyeing in part, sent to the Imperial Manufactory 
 of Gobelins, and the remainder sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Taché & Michaud, mineral paints, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Marmette, Dr., tobacco, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 CLASS XI. 
 
 Gamble, W., flour of different qualities, sold. 
 
 Fitts. Clarke, biscuits, sold. 
 
 Lacombe, Mrs., potato starch, given for samples. 
 
 Lawson, Edward, flour and biscuits, sold. 
 
 MacDougall, J., wheat flour, sold. 
 
 Nasmith, John, biscuits, sold. 
 
 Platt, Samuel, flour, sold, 
 
 Proctor, J. D., Indian meal, sold. 
 
 Thomas, Richard, buckwheat flour, sold. 
 
 Gasse, Louis, maple sugar, given to à chemist to be analysed. 
 
 Redpath, J., maple sugar, sold. 
 
 Taylor, Jas., maple sugar, sold. 
 
 Valois, Narcisse, maple sugar and syrup, given to be analysed. 
 
 Ashton, J, P., pickles, sold. 
 
 Bauden, J. & W., bear hams given to the Jury. 
 
 Crawford, W., mustard, sold. 
 
 Idier, E., preserved meats, given. 
 
 Leonard, P., chicory, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Mochrie, George, preserved meats, sold. 
 
 Moyer & Keating, dried fruits, part given to the Jury, and the remainder 
 sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Shaw, Alexander, chicory, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Southwick, M. B., preserved meats and vegetables, given to the Jury. 
 
 Thomas, Richard, sausages, withdrawn from the Exhibition on account of 
 
 being damaged. 
 
 CLASS XII. 
 
 Ardouin, A., collection of medicinal plants used for dyeing, part presented 
 to the Imperial Manufactory of Gobelins, and the remainder sent to 
 Sydenham. 
 
 Groft, H., pharmaceutical preparations, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Giroux, Olivier, medicinal plants and vegetable gums, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Lespérance, Joseph, cod liver oil, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Booth, J., stuffed animals, presented to the Jardin des Plantes. 
 
 A *% 
 
 
 

 
 hu 
 
 Rent * 
 
 = me 
 
 
 
 402 
 
 ——_— —————_——_—_—_—_—_—_—_—__—— © 
 
 mm a — —— ——— _— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kennedy, D., skins of Canadian birds, part given to the Jardin des Plantes, 
 and part to the British Board of Trade. 
 
 MacCulloch, Mrs, collection of Canadian birds, belonging to the 
 exhibitor, sent back to owner. 
 
 CLASS XII. 
 
 Clark, J., pulleys, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Hood and Brothers, brace, presented to the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers. 
 
 Macgregor, À. & D., collection of ropes, sold. 
 
 Sohier, G., figure-head for a vessel, left in the Trophy of the English Navy. 
 
 Ash, Lieutenant, model of a safety raft, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Thomas, Captain, do do do do. 
 
 Hudson, Captain, model of a safety steamer, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Cantin, A., oars, presented to the Minister of Marine and Colonies in 
 France. 
 
 Lee, Thomas, models of clippers and steamers, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 CLASS XIV. 
 
 AI the building materials belonging to this class were given partly for 
 
 bridges and locks in France, and the remainder sent to Sydenkam. 
 
 Ostell & Co., wooden doors, windows, blinds, and other articles, divided 
 between the French Exhibition of cheap articles and Sydenham Palace. 
 
 Board of Public Works, models of locks and bridges, sent to the Conserva- 
 toire des Arts et Métiers. 
 
 Grand Trunk Railroad Company, model of Victoria Bridge, sent to Syden- 
 ham. 
 
 Thomas, W., architectural drawings, sent to author. Model of General 
 Brock’s monument, presented to the relations of General Brock in 
 Jersey. 
 
 CLASS XV. 
 
 The tools formimg the collection in this class were for the most part sold; 
 the remainder were divided between the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, 
 Sydenham Palace and the Austrian Commission. 
 
 CLASS XVI. 
 
 Rodden, W., fancy castings, given to the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers. 
 

 
 
 3 ‘ A ÉD she mcie msaber lin éd > 3 
 < ‘ side + DCE ER € SE à k x e _— 
 4 « J en M = _ = £. - JET PRES. - |A 
 
 malnmiaetr Pr na uns Saba alba ae ml he oh vds em ns + Name et … — res RSR 
 me nm nm =. ES D ne - w = — — SEE = EE — 
 
 403 
 
 LL me . 
 Rice, H., wire cloth, sent to Sydenham. 
 Peck, Thomas & Co., naïls, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 CLASS XVII. 
 
 Bohle & Hendery, plated ware, sold for the weight of metal, 
 
 CLASS XVIII. 
 
 Spence, J. C., stained glass, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 CLASS XX, 
 
 The greater part of the woollen fabrics and other materials forming the 
 collection. in this class were sent back to Canada, with the following excep- 
 tions, v1Z. : 
 
 Carr, J., hair sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Bean, Simon, a shawl and other articles in wool, given on the premises : 
 part of the flannel was sold and the remainder sent to Canada. 
 
 Bouchard, Mrs., worsted articles, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Colby, Mrs., a shawl, sold ; some articles given to the persons employed on 
 the premises, and the remainder sent to Canada. 
 
 CLASS XXII. 
 
 Sisters of Charity, thread, given to the Jury. 
 Bouchard, Mrs., needle work and Canadian cloth, sent to Canada. 
 
 LA 
 
 CLASS XXIIL 
 
 Ebenezar, S., worsted gloves, sent back to Canada. 
 Harper, Mrs., worsted stockings, sold. 
 
 Moore, Mrs. do do do. 
 
 Musson, Mrs. do do do. 
 
 Silverthorn, Mrs., counterpanes, do, 
 
 Stiffel, Mrs., do do, 
 Langevin, Mrs., table cover, do. | 
 Vencelow, Mrs., do do sent back to Canada. 
 
 Senkler, Misses, needle work, sent back to Canada, j 
 
 "2; 
 EE DURE rm yes + 2 
 
 nn 
 U A 
 ee er le 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 CLASS IV. 
 
 Bevis, J., centre table, sold. 
 
 Hilton, J. & W., sofa and chairs, sold. 
 
 MacGarvey, Owen, rocking chairs, one given to Mr. Maitland, the remain- 
 der sold. 
 
 Drum, chair of curled maple, sold. 
 
 Rhodes, Captain, chairs covered with moose skin and worked with moose 
 hair, sold. 
 
 Spence, J. C., work-table, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Widder, Miss, a devotional chair, private contribution, sent back. 
 
 Cushing, Mrs, fancy frame, sold in a damaged state, 
 
 Hare, Albert, do do do. 
 
 Boyd, John, brushes, sold. 
 
 Jenking, Thomas, brushes and leather, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Davis, Mrs., worsted embroidery, sold. 
 
 CLASS XXV. 
 
 Smiley, Robert, shirts, sold. 
 
 Gauthier, Edward, dresses of éloffe du pays, sold, 
 
 Henderson & Co., beaver skin coat, sold. 
 
 Wbheeler, Thomas, feather cape, sent back to Canada. 
 
 Barbeau, Joseph, hunting and other boots, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Eckart, Isaac, snow shoes and Esquimaux boots, sent to Sydenham. 
 Fisher, Mrs., moose skin gloves, private contribution. 
 
 Mercier, David, Huron Chief?s dress, sent back to owner. 
 
 Merryfeld & Sheridan, shoes, part sold, and remainder sent to Sydenham. 
 Pollard, Mrs., embroïidered legoings, sent back to Canada. 
 
 Price, David, embroidered moccasins, private property. 
 
 Scandritt & Robinson, boots, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Smith & Co., boots and shoes, part sold and remainder sent to Sydenham. 
 Taché, J. C., moccasins, soled with india rubber, private contribution. 
 Couture, Mrs., straw hats, sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Martel, Mrs., do sold. 
 
 Martel, Miss, do do. 
 
 Ranger, Mrs., do sent to Sydenham. 
 
 Jones, Mrs., screen embroidered in wool, sent to Canada. 
 
 Parthenais, Miss, embroidery in wool, sent to Canada. 
 
 Malo, L’Abbé, Indian curiosities, private property; sent back to owner. 
 Jones, Peter, Indian curiosities, sold. 
 
ES ET LE EME EE Pe « - : 
 
 
 
 PDT à 
 
 dis ut : 
 Dh OR AE tn eo ee) panne : em 
 ain: va 4 ÉRRRCES un a 2 she . mme 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mercier, David, Indian work, private contribution, sent back to owner. 
 Rhodes, Mrs., embroiïdery on bark, sold. 
 
 T'anguay, L’Abbé, Indian curiosities, sent back to owner. 
 
 CLASS XXVI. 
 
 Armstrong, W., water colour drawings, sent back to Canada. 
 
 Shepherd, Miss, drawings of Canadian fruits and vegetables, sent to Syden- 
 ham. 
 
 Tully, Kivas, architectural drawings, sent back to Canada. 
 
 Wiitfield, lithographed drawings of Canadian towns, sent back to Canada. 
 
 Doane, J, C., photographic portraits, sent back to Canada. 
 
 Palmer, J. E., do do do do do. 
 
 Cochrane, Miss, wax fruit, presented to the Conservatoire des Arts et; Métiers. 
 
 Sisters of Providence, do do do do do. 
 
 Wheeler, J., seal engraving sent back to Canada. 
 
 Rose, specimens of photography, do do. 
 
 Salter & Ross, do do do do. 
 
 Smith, do do do do. 
 
 Starke & Co., do do do do. 
 
 De Puibusque, Adolphe, book binding in porpoise leather, sent back to 
 owner, 
 
 Mackay, Mrs., specimens of book-binding, sent to Sydenham, 
 
 Miller, R, & A., do do do do. 
 
 Young, A., do do do do. 
 
 CLASS XXVII. 
 Hood, T. D., piano-forte and sounding board, sent to Sydenham. 
 CLASS XXVIIL 
 
 Kane, Paul, oil painting, the property of Mr. Allan, sent back. 
 Ryland, J. H., oil paintings sent back to owner. 
 

 
 Accounr or MonïES RECEIVED FOR VARIOUS ARTICLES SENT TO THE PARIS INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 
 
 MAKER’S NAME. 
 
 Morse 
 
 RLRELERLRELERELR ILNELELZ] 
 
 mn nn mnt 
 
 RERLLRILRELENEEIREILELIRLILIILILL:, 
 
 TN A ue Dis sughos ee 
 Hudson’s Bay AE à 
 Mrs. Cushing … ER 1 ses 
 
 Smith ….. 
 
 DREAM... de so donne bod 
 CONS... TR ++ ARCS 
 D EL DS PART 
 DRE El dencodse tes LS 
 
 . 
 o 
 . È ol 
 . o . d 
 . . . o e 0 
 ns > FA Ta se qe + 
 
 ARTICLES, 
 
 —_——— à, + à 
 
 ENS PURES urines ct NS elles sen 
 Clover cleaning MACHINE sms es re de one Mise de 
 LL OX YOkRe sos. PSE sas aue one ds sniaue e 
 
 Cooking st0Ve......ssusee die cnsobsens vase tes dore 
 
 ÉROUgR sesssns sécsodeee 0100 bass MS er lt site aus es e 
 1 rocking chair ... .....ossccocsconescnisesves es sorts 
 l'turning 9 :.ss.ss-escotoss msedhise ae sblnse po snonssses 
 
 Beaver and cloth reversible coat ......... ss... 
 1 pair caoutchouc boots................…. 000 Sroctperoñse où 
 Threahing maAChindiss...…..ssssssonvonstss volpes 8e 10080 où 
 1 pair shoes. … sans sdéronvonssses vossos ose nee 
 2 pairs Indian rubber Sh06S su. sos sssnrnrrsrensnnee 
 Panne is Dei asser asie dits dia LATE spé brese no 
 CGrUMDER nt cons cssseres hentai s ess Réfèse di 
 CORRE LRO a nement ess n60 000 1e 
 HSIDERS css lol lbersersi te eus 
 
 DIRE GRIS D ns rancvnensentnsollahes sense aveoness eue 
 4 Lynx skins at 185..............,....seone 0e SRE T7 
 CHIE TOLIOE FR ide scinee RER Ron es ou cubons mas 
 1 pair India rubber boots .......................,..,.,.... 
 1 pair boots... … Rs este rase cuve 
 1 pair India rubber shoes .…..… See bee axe 082 les dla sc see 
 
 CNRS DR 0 «DS oct ré sue cdssodess ser ent D, V. Douario ...……. 
 Turning lathe......sssssssssoossgone + soncsessesce ee one 
 
 Qt Me: Tumois . 
 . [Ecole Rignole… unir 
 .|E. Boynes 
 
 Planing MRC... in: di. CRRRELELERLELNILELLLLZ] 
 
 Eron ploughis suce sos son sos one se édée soporosso ose de 
 
 Etoffe du pays UE nie Eu ei 
 VOURCRFDAN sir roms apancohos ages nee RER 
 
 AUS SR RP SO CE EDR em 
 
 
 
 Carl Baume ne 
 Do 
 
 .1M. Lemoine, St. Du... He ES ie - AE 
 ge de Salzburg... ss. sure dec conso 
 
 P. SOI SL RE ES cat 
 Do 
 
 M. TOR intl ou ssouds cee 
 M Lalen,.is.s.….… RS oaré co 
 CT RON EE Et, ES SES 
 
 Do 
 Do 
 Do 
 
 Prince Bonaparte 
 
 Do 
 
 ct 0 0: RE Si | INSEE 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 Do 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CRRRIIRILILIIN I IRLLIREIERLIILLLRL]] 
 
 OS ef ER SON ASSURE AR Per 
 
 
 
 
 
 000000000000 
 
 17 
 
 65 
 
 114 
 
 © © © 
 
 90 
 
 DmnOOCO 
 
 O00OO© 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hudson’s Bay Company RP a 7 + DR. nn RE te | 
 Houghton and Wallace... Î 
 nai ATEN ERRSNNENS Leather... és mener lin A PAPA IOEMENEE nébbditss ske TR is ho TE iadile 20 0 0 | 
 LT CA FSI 
 Hilton Mis eenstonstanss DOM AE CG ADaS ER nn en ms dt. Île ne PE ARR pe sovsia 60 0 0 
 EP ES SRE à Ai PO nine NN NN at ins LRO PP 2 O0 O| 
 TS. SÉPARER NE LT EE 1 RE CR FR RES 6 0 0, 
 LL. PAPE NET TEEN RSS LORIE ADS... nue nsnnihoresenenaise reçue RS PR RE 25 9 O0. "1 
 RL esse 552 7 Toilet mirror and D a AT. Ne 2 10 O© | l 
 PEN CRETE D ch Der Does. eo PIN IS HIS 1 RC PAPA EE 2 O0 O| | 
 1 97 10 0 | 
 6 BRU R TS POUR A A PT Le PE NE Dole "27 ons os AE ET PT UE 5 O0 0 
 TROP OR CNE CPR) ES an 7 077 PR do Te die à aile 0 16 0© | 
 U PURE PRET ME DEMO NTRS Ro 7 TE ne TRI EL 8 0 0 
 DORA LL esse teint lu Lt Planing machine... paamsrnlimiaaeaiasueades CRE a raie à 60 O | 
 Hudson’s Bay Company DR NN NE nn 07" nt CRAN PERRE 2 | D 
 nn nan de | Do ditéainrie sé opess ent D» 9 L: 
 PUR soit sine A Portable forge... sais dssenncncac dde tions del Do 7 10 0 \ 
 OR rosés ei) 0 do è Frs Do 7 14 O | 
 D LAIT Re ANR PRENONS 26 7 1 14 0 f 
 DR COS int pe ENT Pearl embroidery es PER PSN AE A LL TRE RENE Eee 1 O0 0 À 
 LAN 88 17 0 k 
 Hudson’s Bay Company … La À Beaver skins... CE 1 16 O0 1 Æ 
 ÉPBNNÈD., née vngegpatne-oasbnn sua) AN DOTOTIER me. nan een cos eee ENEN 1 PAT ARR 0 17 6 || | 
 Hudson’s Bay Company ….......…. TS EE atiee. MOREL Do red reve ranidanéles oi LA 0 18 © 15 
 pérenne CR Re  ennatdtssu asviénsase Do LA ONDES PORTE PEL D | | 
 Hudson’s Bay Company a at NON PR fie: M asie inst SU x. 6: | 
 1 branch and bedroom candlestick mu. 0 1 10 0 | \l 
 RAIN udui ann ses s52 vou 68008 20 RE A Re dcncrmnene M Do 115 0. 1f 
 —— A 24 | | 
 gl 2 PT ORNE TRE manne s asie LE 5 0 0 E 
 NOR a nai Root cutter EE Re ee 4 0 0 E: 
 PR ds SU | D RO M M ARRETE ] ( 18 3 9 Le 
 EIGSANA cvéinrngaéen vansouscassiséas lt. DO es | 1 10 0. LE 
 DE A MECS OS NN en PE à 1 D | 37 13 0. 1 : 
 Parkins ::ssapieres hvéeuvsvstd Bhovelsnismteenses envarseuuss nos ss avi aaéés + |M. Goldenberg < 1 10 0. 1É 
 NoNes RCA CU | DO. ses RE ds À 8 0 0. 1: 
 Dawson ...…, M nd NN SEEN CT OS 2. 1) Lt AONSNONONER | | 10 5 O | | ; 
 NS Do, 7. RS sbpnisie sencan À U 16 O0 -O |  : 
 1 pair boots .......…., AR rues ere ane es ciment trade | ÉTAIT APE RACE SERIE RU «0e Ho o 5 | 1# 
 ————— | 881] 9 l 
 1 
 | 
 2: 
 
 E 
 
 à 
 
 LP 
 SL 
 = = aa 
 
 | 
 4 
 
 à 
 Lo ass : 
 É Lo A mp 2 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 MAKER’S NAME. 
 
 Ge PerrYess ss sos sonsonseseneronnes 
 Fergusson see serre ns 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hudson’s Bay Company ..........… 
 
 MeLellan FN ESOEST RARE 
 AM ni line snsssones sen asnns 
 
 MeGarvey sms vosossee 
 | 
 
 MeDougall ........… ses sorresossesnee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ARTICLES. PURCHASER. £ s. d. 
 | 
 | 
 
 Fire engine ss serserserensosssnnesensssssns ne [Board of Trade, England..........…. 150 0 0! 
 75 feet of hose......sssssssss sovsoncesescsnsonse se édavée Do do * ARR 15 0 0 
 4 pair stockings and socks.. passsaneoseessse Sir W. LOgan sers sense lesssssesesss 2e ue | 
 À Moore’s head . via ait ie Baron de Reisez strass à SRASNS SÉRIE (| 
 74 yards draps du pays st METRE Ton vesnee ‘ .|Captain Fowke ............... |... || 
 11 dyed Martin skins...  secsssocss (CUSTOM OffCETS ss. sessesossoncnslsessooseonsensense) 
 À giiver FOX SEUL... mosanasenmensiss er asese Jardin des Plantes..…....secsessesvel ses ses sesonsessuel 
 12 vitrines at £5.....ssssssssssnenensesseensoncesoseose ce Arts et MÉTIETS seu ses vu ven vosssseenvoelosessssnesessssene| 
 3 DrOOMS se ssssesses sosvoncnsvsocss sonssssonvensssesssonses M. Bossange ... ss sensonsesseneneloesessene sostenes || 
 1 Lynx and 1 Wolf skin ........................,......... A. de Puibusque RMS | 
 4 chapeaux de FOND... esse ses see sersesenenenses sors DO, 1:11 lomeiess ses sensesses 0 4 0 | 
 1 rocking chair tente el MN ES deu ne as dus d are Do ASUS 015 0 | 
 1 pair woman’s Indian rubbers .…........................... Do Sr 0 6 0 | 
 Morticeing machine ss... sesesssssessenmree Earl Grey ......4...ssusss ersesselisssssersessssses || 
 1 barrel Indian meal secs sessmesssocses sescnosemcssssssoslsscosesssssse Fu eue Satin QE: D: D 
 1 dO gronts'srsromnsnsonne à sonscooonsoonesesesonennelee socsenpensesesnesseneneennenennene rer 2e 2 O0 0. 
 1 do superfine flour ............ donnes opanssseseesenseses Tres scores one eveevvetéeemebisennnmensess 1 18 O | 
 1 do Split pens..... ss sessemnensennessesenensensneleesonseense des sesercrnsrees et enee 110 0 
 
 1 do pealbarley..............….......… RAS stars ses so SD RRS RTE S neveu se dres re D Per vecsees 2 5 O0 | 
 1 00 ONE secte snsicins Aa sas ess soc ssené Ro EE Rae des 1 10 O || 
 1 do pea meAl sms sensor és osé cosisscml late Re MS envers ein NE du eus RE 
 1 do buckwheat flour ....................ss NES Un) ose DR RE es ten 2 10 O | 
 24 do flour …. ..….… M SE Sa ean ire avestos Die Se lessons rise D peva vus 118 0 | 
 14 dO OAIMERl msn sense sonores sennesne se essssnensseseeenesseeeesereennees eroreieres 0 15 O0 | 
 1 keg lard... mener sossensessssnnneesssenenecesenesesensseeeneeree erereneteneneeeres - ee 4 
 53 bottles pickles Fe .. se sentier ras metenaene rie 2 13 0 | 
 2 boxes maple sugar . sde ére vu aseenstens nseros scene lbs ART ae ter vemensérnene-senrereesens 4 0 6 | 
 7 do Toronto biscuit || 
 DO de i SR ME RS RU ve D à 0 | 
 1 keg pearl ash ses sors RIRE NNERERRTERS NE VERS 1 0 0 | 
 1 do potash .….......,........ ide nes sande tea MUNIE e Sooc sue toaduoe veus ana ass se 115 O0 | 
 1 do saleratus …. dede odéntran sl …. » SRE RES éonsst ire 1:16. 9 | 
 1 box black walnut ss, srossosss sense venses one fesssscsenesccsesssssessssenessoereesessenees 1 0 0 | 
 
 Accouwr or Monres Receiven For various ArricLes, &c.—(Continued.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SE 
 165 0 
 0 10 
 7 10 
 o 19 
 5 0 
 25 0 
 60 0 
 O0 3 
 2 10 
 40 0 
 
 
 
 0 00000 0©Q 
 
 
 
 807 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 À 1 QE RO Li RU ne ie et 10 © 0 | 
 29: bec non ME IR ee ce RCE LS CET LT UT OT OUR ERREUR SEE UEOe ARS AE | 
 16 Dre ait divers D OT CÉROREP AIT EE PET PA SPORE POSE 1 O0 0 
 PRO PS Ann vi ss ane rc ee 2 0 0 
 | 1 Indian war club, 1 butter bowl, and 1 2 ice Bo NT ON POSTES ERNEST EURE 2 10 O | 
 (| Hams—gratis D DE TRER EAN ben ne eee] CT LT COMORES ORPI PAS | 
 54 2 0 
 D anti nt ddr OU DE reg REA RE NO eV VEINES MERE TE ee 1 10 0 | | 
 1 pair 1ndia rubber CNP PROS TN it a 0 12 6 f | 
 nn Etes | 2 pair trowsers étoffe du PR Brssssssnsnnnns tonton snsnso loss conessssovooges socos css secscs ses csesese.. 1 177 6 | 
 Hudson’s Bay Company D nn a en CROP CRETE MS RTE nds nus essais see sonnilans nas ras tee die 3 O0 0 | 
 7 yards damaged cloth serso ses : ... 115 0 | 
 ————— 8 10 0 l 
 Total sold by Mr. Logan nee rs it ii a dé anne LB TE CE 1263 4 4} | 
 se ol sr bangst nobr mi A CON RIRE ads 17 19 10 | 
 ON PRET NT APE TN ES AA OS Machine for making nails, sold I em stsnre animes sie Re | 73 0 0 | 
 Goods sold by Mr. Perry ......... Hola eet its edia sois stines sans res AE TE D # 
 : 1361 19 84 | NN 
 HP (0e COVER COYEP......... eh sé oreoé on sus due 1 me - (4 
 For duties, carriage of goods, de. CARTE À : AIO série ni cos UT #7: 2 1 | 9 L 
 —| 48 2 2 | 
 Net proceeds....…....……. SÉPEE RES Lo PSS TON CPAS OR PS LA MORE AIRASATS £|| 1313 17 64 E : 
 
 L: 
 LE: 
 
 EE _ r 
 É * | — - _ _ ee re us à om dt. — f F 
 ” dns -d = » torse FEAT RAGE, ay A L rase 2-20 A PE re <<" da > + A _ = : = | | 
 
 
 
44 
 h 
 4 
 LR 
 æ 
 L 
 $ " 
 : er 
 RE 
 54 - 
 FE 
 Be 
 pis 
 #« 
 + 
 
 - TETE 
 = 
 E = 
 né Samétmné à de = ere VC 
 ù cr : = an Glenn ge mp 
 5° r 
 . 
 
 mn 
 
 
 
A SKETCH 
 
 OF 
 
 THE GEOLOGY OF CANADA. 
 
 re 
 
 4 * z 
 £ Met pri 
 
 
 
PS 
 
 : 
 
 = + Le 
 me 7 es # 
 mm — . 
 + e: r : 
 - pi RE — —— — : — 
 
 ra = 
 
 pa _ D ES D md - gamer ing tu = - -« 
 = D — rs = mr — re L r 
 CE È 
 0 Dan - — 
 " A à. 
 
 
 
 
: LE anemnauss » . ns 
 + er … = = = 
 
 
 
 A SKETCH 
 
 OF 
 
 THE GEOLOGY OF CANADA 
 
 SERVING 
 TO EXPLAIN THE GEOLOGICAL, MAP 
 AND THE 
 COLLECTION OF ECONOMIC MINERALS 
 SENT TO 
 THE UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION AT PARIS, 1855. 
 
 BY 
 
 WE, LOGAN, F. RS. 
 
 Member of the Geological Societies of France and England, Director of th 
 mission of Canada, &e., &c., &e. 
 
 
 
 À 
 
 e Geological Com- 
 
 AND 
 
 T, STERRY HUNT, A,.M. 
 
 Member of the Geological Society of Francs, of the Am 
 
 Chemist and Mineralogist to the Geological Commission of Canada, Member 
 of the International Jury of the Universal Exhibition 
 at Paris, &e., &e., &ec. 
 
 erican Academy of Arts and Sciences, 
 
 (Translated from the French.) 
 
 AR LaLRR se 2. 
 
 PARIS 
 HECTOR BOSSANGE & SON, 
 
 QUAI VOLTAIRE, 25, 
 
 1855. 
 
 
 
ærovrs 
 7° 
 
 = 
 
 DUT 
 
 ETE 
 
 
 
 nd 
 
 
 
 se om 
 
 rec eye ER > 
 ES 
 
 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The commencement of a Systematic investigation of the Geology of 
 Canada, dates only from the year 1842. Before this time, however, 
 several efforts had been made by men who appreciated its importance, 
 to establish a eommission for the Geological and Minerological examina- 
 tion of the Country, but it was only in 1841 that the Legislative As- 
 sembly having voted a sum of £1500 for a geological exploration 
 of the Province, the Governor, Sir Charles Bagot, named in 1842, Mr. 
 W. E. Logan, as Geologist, and Mr. Alexander Murray, as Assistant 
 Geologist, to put the project intoexecution. The exploration, being thus 
 commenced, was continued under Lord Metcalfe by a second grant of 
 £2000 à year for a period of five years from 1845, and in 1850 the 
 Act was renewed under the administration of Lord Elgin, for a similar 
 period. 
 
 The Geological Exploration of Canada presents peculiar difiiculties ; 
 in old countries where civilization of many centuries has developed the 
 mineral resources of the soil, where mines and quarries furnish every 
 where facilities {or studying the nature and arrangement of the different 
 formations, where, finally, the labors of the Topographer have preceded 
 those of the Geologist and given exact maps of the country, geological 
 researches become comparatively easy. But, ina new country like 
 Canada, all these things were wanting ; the geologist was obliged to 
 precede civilization, and, penetrating into unknown regions, to point out 
 sources of mineral wealth hitherto unknown, preparing thus the way for 
 the industry of civilized men who shall replace the savages. If we add 
 to all these considerations that a geographical knowledge is an indispen- 
 sible preliminary to investigations of this nature, it has often been neces. 
 sary to combine topography with geology, and to make at the same time 
 a geographical and geological map of the country, we may form some 
 idea of the difficulties to be surmounted in the Geological Survey of 
 Canada. 
 
 Canada has an area of about 40,000 square leagues ; and the researches 
 of Messrs. Logan and Murray, aided by those of Mr. Richardson, have 
 already made known the geology of a great portion of this extent, Ac- 
 
 
 
 
 
‘ Li 
 
 
 
 RS ds. 
 
 ne de 
 
 
 
 EEE note —0.0rmmin ropnmmnn ut 
 = ——_——_——— me 
 
 
 
 cording to the evidence given before a Committee of the Legislative 
 Assembly, in October, 1854, it appears that the explorations up to that 
 date, comprehended the shores of Lakes Superior and Huron, as well as 
 all the great western basin of Canada, the valley of the St. Lawrence as 
 far as the Gulf, the valleys of the Richelieu, Yamaska, St. Francis and 
 Chaudière, that of the Ottawa and ïts branches as far as Lake Temis- 
 caming, as well as almost all that part of Lower Canada south of the 
 St. Lawrence, including the district of Gaspé. To these geological 
 labours must be added the topographical surveys of several rivers tribu- 
 tary to Lakes Huron and Superior, of a great part of the Ottawa and its 
 branches, as well as the surveys executed by Mr. Murray upon two lines 
 of exploration between the Ottawa and Lake Huron, and the measure- 
 ments of the principal rivers of Gaspé. All these topographical labours 
 were only accéssary to the Geological Survey, although necessary to its 
 prosecution, and have greatly augmented the task of the Geological 
 Commission. 
 
 The Annual Reports of the Geological Survey form at present about 
 1200 pages in 8vo., summaries of the geological researches of each year, 
 with descriptions of the economic materials met with in the progress of 
 the investigation, as well as researches upon the rocks, minerals and 
 soils of the country, by Mr. C. Sterry Hunt, who has, since 1541, been 
 attached to the Geological Commission in the capacity of Chemist and 
 Mineralogist. 
 
 The inevitable expenses in a country where it has been necessary 10 
 carry-on at the same time topographical and geological investigations, 
 and to organize expeditions into regions still in a state of nature—have 
 been such, that, notwithstanding the liberal sums accorded by the Pro- 
 vincial Government for these researches, it has not been without con- 
 siderable personal sacrifice on the part of its director, that the Geological 
 Survey has been carried on up to the present time. At the last Session 
 of the Legislative Assembly there was accorded the sum of £2,000 for 
 the publication of a Geological Map of Canada, upon a scale Of, 300000: 
 (having thus a length of more than six feet by a breadih of three feet,) to 
 be accompanied by a condensed sammary of all the Reports which have 
 yet appeared.. It is proposed, during the continuation of the Survey, to 
 publish each year, besides the annual Report of Progress, a livraison of 
 ten plates of the characteristic fossils of the different formations of Canada 
 accompanied by a descriptive text, and also to give geological sections, 
 with a minutely detailed geological Map on a large scale, which will 
 be published in several parts to appear successively. 
 
 The geological commission has secured, for the palæontology, the co- 
 
 
 

 
 hs Lirr » 
 oo, 
 
 operation of Mr. James Hall, of New York, who will direct the special 
 studies required for the description, and publication of the fossils. This 
 distinguished professor, so well known by his researches upon the 
 geology of the United States, will soon publish a geological map of that 
 country on the same scale as that of Canada, and as Mr. Logan has 
 adopted the divisions established by Mr. Hall, in the palæozoïc rocks of 
 the United States, their combined labours in these adjacent countries 
 will give to the Geology of North America, a unity of plan which will 
 greatly facilitate future geological researches on the American continent. 
 The Map of Canada, which is now being engraved in Paris, will be 
 published before long. 
 
 The Canadian government wisbing to send to the Universal Exhibition 
 at Paris a series of the economic minerals of the country, Mr. Logan was 
 directed to collect them, and the minerals here exhibited, although in 
 part, exhibited under the names of different individuals, were, With a few 
 exceptions, collected by the personal care of the members of the Geologi- 
 cal Commission. In order to indicate the geological relations of these 
 materials, Mr. Logan has exhibited at the same time a map upon a scale 
 Of 555500 Upon which he has brought together for the first time all the 
 details of his geological labours; at the same time, as an explanation 
 both of the map and the collection, we have thought proper to give in the 
 little treatise which follows, a short account of the most interesting facts 
 in the geology and mineralogy of Canada. We have added, moreover, a 
 catalogue of the economic minerals of the country, and a small map, on 
 a scale which is one-sixth of that about to be published, The geology 
 of the neighbouring States is taken from the Maps of American Geologists, 
 especially from that of Mr. James Hall. 
 
 For the geological facts, and for whatever relates to the physical 
 structure of the country, all is due to Mr. Logan and his geological 
 assistants ; the mineralogy, as well as the chemistry of the metamorphic 
 rocks and the mineral waters, is the result of the researches of Mr. T. 
 Sterry Hunt, who has edited this little sketch. 
 
 Paris, August 1st, 1855. 
 
 
 
sit 
 
 . HR. 
 
 
 
 © 9 
 
 paies & ce: 
 = SAR nd Lave rentes à à © 
 
 
 

 
 SKETCH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 GEOLOGY OF CANADA. 
 
 THE LAURENTIDES, 
 
 The province of Canada is traversed, through its whole length,*by a 
 mountainous region, dividing it into two basins, which may be distinguish- 
 ed as the Northern and the Southern basins. These mountains, whichfhave 
 been named the Laurentides, form the North shore of the St. Lawrence, 
 from the Gulf as far as Cape Tourment, near Quebec ; from whichypoint 
 they leave the river, and while they follow its general direction become 
 more and more remote, until near Montreal, they are at a distance often 
 leagues from tho St. Lawrence. Going further Westward, this moun- 
 tainous region follows the line of the Ottawa, and crosses fhis river near 
 the Lac des Chats, fifty leagues from Montreal, Thence taking a South- 
 ward direction, it reaches the St. Lawrence near the outlet of Lake 
 Ontario, and from this point running North-westward, the Southern limit 
 of this formation, reaches the South-eastern extremity of Lake Huron, at 
 Matchedash Bay, and forms the Eastern shore of the lake as far as the 
 47th degree of latitude, where quitting this lake, the formation gains Lake 
 Superior, and extends in a North-west direction to the Arctic Sea. 
 
 To the South of the St. Lawrence, this same region covers a consider- 
 able space between the Lakes Ontario and Champlain, and constitutes the 
 Adirondack mountains. With this exception and perhaps also a small 
 exposure in Arkansas and another near the sources ofthe Mississippi, 
 his formation is not found to the South of the St. Lawrence, and 
 as it belongs especially to the valley of this river and constitutes the 
 Laurentide Mountains, the Geological Commission of Canada has dis- 
 tinguished it by the name of the Laurentian system. 
 
 
 

 
 étions 
 
 
 
II 
 
 THE LAURENTIAN SYSTEM. 
 
 The rocks of this system are, almost without exception, ancient sedimen- 
 tary strata, which have become highly crystalline. They have been very 
 much disturbed and form ranges of hills, having a direction nearly North- 
 east and South-west, rising to the height of 2,000 or 3,000 feet, and even 
 higher. The rocks of this formation are the most ancient known on the 
 
 American continent, and correspond probably to the oldest gneiss of 
 
 Finland and Scandinavia, and to some similar rocks in the North of 
 Scotland. 
 
 The rocks of the Laurentian formation are in great part crystalline 
 schists, for the most part gneissoid or hornblendic. Associated with these 
 schists, are found large stratified masses of a crystalline rock, which is 
 Composed almost entirely of a lime and soda lelspar. This rock is s:me- 
 times fine grained, but more often porphyritic, and contains cleavable 
 masses of felspar, sometimes several inches in diameter; these felspars 
 are triclinie, and have ordinarily the composition of andesine, labradorite, 
 anorthite, or of intermediate varieties. Their colours are various, but the 
 cleavable felspars are generally bluish or reddish, and often give colored 
 reflections. Hypersthene is very generally disseminated in these felspathic 
 rocks, but always in small quantity., Titanic iron-ore is also founà in 
 them, in a great number of places, sometimes in small grains, but often in 
 considerable masses. 
 
 With these schists and felspars are found strata of quartzite, associated 
 
 “With cristalline limestones, which OCCupy an important place in this 
 
 formation. These limestones oceur in beds of from a few feet to three 
 hundred feet in thickness, and often present a succession of thin beds 
 intercalated with beds of gneiss or quartzite ; these Jatter are sometines 
 quartzite conglosmagtes, and have in certain cases a base of dolomite, 
 Associated with fe limestones, are sometimes found beds composed in 
 great part of wollastonite and of pyroxene, species which evidentliy owe 
 their origin to the metamorphism of silicious limestones.  Beds of dolomite 
 and of limestone more or less magnesian, are often interstratified with the 
 pure linestones of this formation. 
 
 The limestones of this system are rarely compact, and most frequently 
 
 
 
 
 
EE 
 
 ul 
 nl 
 
 
 
 
 
 are coarsely granuted. They are white or reddish, bluish or grayish, and 
 these colours are often arranged in bands which coïncide with the stratifi- 
 cation. The principal mineral species met with in these limestones, are 
 apatite, fluor, serpentine, phlogopite, scapolite, orthoclase, pyroxene, horn- 
 blende, wollastonite, quartz, idocrase, garnet, brown tourmaline, condrodite, 
 spinel, corindum, zircon, sphene, magnetic and specular iron, and graphite. 
 The condrodite and graphite are often arrahged in bands parallel with the 
 stratification. Beds of a mixture of wollastonite and pyroxene are some- 
 times met with, which are very rich in zircon, sphene, garnet and 
 :docrase. The most crystalline varieties of these limestones often exhale 
 a very fetid odour when bruised. The limestones of this formation do not 
 yield everywhere well erystallized minerals ; near the bay of Quinté there 
 are met with beds which still preserve the sedimentary character, and show 
 only the commencement of metamorphism. 
 
 The conditions in which they are sometimes found, indicate that the 
 agents which have rendered these limestones crystalline, have been such 
 as to render the carbonate of lime almost liquid, and that, while in that 
 state, it has undergone great pressure. As evidence of this opinion, we 
 find that the limestone often fills fissures in the adjacent silicious strata, 
 and envelopes the detached, and often, folded fragments of these less 
 
 » fusible beds precisely like an igneous rock. 
 
 The crystalline schists, felspars, quartzites and felspars which we have 
 described, make up the stratified portion of the Laurentian system, but 
 there are besides, intrusive granites, syenites and diorites, which form 
 important masses; the granites are sometimes albitie, and often contain 
 black tournoline mica in large plates, zircon and sulphuret of molybdenor. 
 
 Among the economie minerals of this formation, the ores of iron are 
 the most important, and are generally found associated with the lime- 
 stones. The magnetic iron ore which supplies the forges of Marmora, 
 C. W., is brought from Belmont, where it forms a succession of beds as- 
 sociated with crystalline limestone and a greenish talcons slate. The 
 strata are here arranged in the form of a basin, and the iron ore predomi- 
 nates for a thickness of more than 100 feet. A few miles distant from 
 this locality, in the Township of Madoe, there has been wrought a bed 
 of magnetic iron ore which occurs in a micaceous schist and has a thick- 
 ness of 25 or 30 feet. The ore, which is very fine grained, often possesses 
 magnetic polarity, and contains a mixture of small quantities of actyno- 
 lite with a little yellow uranite; it furnishes an iron of superior quality. 
 Many other masses of this kind of ore are found in the surrounding 
 region ; that of South Sherbrooke has a thickness of 60 feet, and that Of 
 Crosby on the Rideau is nearly two hundred feet thick. At Hull on the 
 
423 
 EEE 
 
 Ottawa, a bed of ore 100 feet thick is exposed by an undulation of the 
 strata forming a sort of dome, so that the ore is wrought with great faci- 
 lity. These ores are for the most part pure magnetic oxyde of iron, some- 
 times mixed with a few hundreths of mica or quartz. 
 
 À compact variety of oligist ore, (red hematite,) often replaces the 
 magnetic ore in this formation. At Macnab upon the Ottawa, a bed of 
 this species twenty-five feet in thickness, is found in the crystalline lime- 
 stone ; the ore is mixed with a little silica and carbonate of lime. Mr. 
 Murray of the Geological Commission, has lately recognized the existence 
 of a large extent of crystalline oligist ore upon one of the islands of 
 Lake Nippissing. 
 
 The limestone of the Laurentian system are often traversed by veins of 
 calcareous spar and sulphate of baryta, containing sulphuret of lead in 
 disseminated masses, or in veins which are often two or three inches 
 in thickness. One of these localities in the township of Lansdowne is 
 already explored; what appears to be a continuation of the same vein, is 
 met with in the township of Bedford ; these localities are in a general 
 direction N.E. and S.W. The galena is sometimes accompanied with 
 small quantities of blende and iron pyrites ; it is very slighily argentifer- 
 ous, yielding by coupellation only about two ounces of silver to the ton 
 of ore. | 
 
 Veins containing copper pyrites have been observed in several localities 
 in the Laurentian system; but the quantity of metal which they contain, 
 appears very inconsiderable. One ofthese localities is in the Seigniory of 
 Lanoraie, in the county of Berthier, and near to it in the same Seigniory 
 there is a vein of quartz 40 feet wide containing a great quantity of, 
 cubic and magnetic pyrites In the neighbouring Seigniory of Daillebout 
 there is found a considerable vein of cubic iron pyrites, containing small 
 portions of cobalt and nickel; this same formation in the State of New 
 York has furnished crystallized sulphuret of nickel. 
 
 Graphite is very frequently disseminated in small plates in the crystal- 
 Nine limestone, and also forms veins, sometimes of considerable thick- 
 ess, Near Grenville, on the Ottawa, are two of these veins, one of 
 Wlhxh was wrought some years-since. The graphite, lee to the 
 desciption of Mr. Logan, there forms three detached veins, each having 
 a thidness of about five inches, and is accompanied by Véont k 
 orthodë&e, idocrase, garnet, zircon, and sphene. Fine specimens of gre= 
 phite ha:e also been found in several other localities. The graphite of 
 these limétones being very crystalline and lamellar, cannot be sawn like 
 that of Cunberland, and besides, its colour is grayish and its lustre 
 metallic, so bat it is not suited to the manufacture of peneils. It may, 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 however, be very well employed for the fabrication of refractory 
 crucibles. 
 
 The sulphate of baryta which is now very much employed in the 
 fabrication of paints is common in the Laurentian formation. The gangue 
 of the lead veins already mentioned, often consists of this mineral, and 
 in à portion of that of Landsdowne in which the galena disappears, the 
 vein which has a breadth of about two and a half feet, is filled with pure 
 sulphate of baryta, often in large crystal. Bathurst and Macnab are also 
 localities of this mineral. 
 
 The titaniferous iron-ores of this formation merit the attention of mi- 
 neralogists by their abundance as well as by their associations ; although 
 these minerals are not adapted to the production of iron, when they con- 
 tain a large proportion of titanic acid, they may Root important as 
 sources of titanium. The principal deposits of titanic iron in Canada, 
 are at Baie-St.-Paul, where a single mass of 90 feet in breadth and 300 
 feet in length occurs with many other smaller ones in a rock which is 
 oranular has 
 
 8! 
 the composition of the ne nite fi the Ural Mountains ; it gave to Mr. 
 
 chiefly composed of a triclinic felsr The ore which is 
 
 Hunt titanic acid 48,60, pre toxyd of iron 37,06, peroxyde of iron 
 10,42, magnesia 8,60—99,68 ; it contains in some parts, a considerable 
 proportion of-orange-red transparent grains which are pure titanic acid 
 and belong to the species rutile or brookite. The felspathic rocks of this 
 formation in several other localities, contain titanic iron often in small 
 masses an inch or more in thickness and always marking the lines of 
 stratification. If, in the progress of chemical science, titanium or its 
 compounds should ever become important in the arts, these localities of 
 Lower Canada will afford inexhaustible supplies #f titanic iron-ore. 
 
 The crystalline limestone near Grenville furnishes a great quantity of 
 mica in large crystals, Re of being divided into very thin plates, 
 having a length and breadth of from twelve to twenty inches, and perfectly 
 homogeneous and transparent. This locality is already wrought, and the 
 mica is largely employed in the construction of stoves and Étienne 
 
 The gneiss and quartz rock of the Laurentian system furnish in many 
 localities excellent building materials, but, as these rocks occur for the 
 most part in regions as yet but little taie 1bited, and as they are besides, 
 more difhicult to work than the silurian limestones, these harder mafrials 
 ære as Yethut little explored. The Laurentian limestones furnish ? white 
 marble which ïs often marked with bluish or grayish undulatioä, as for 
 example that of Arnprior ; or it is mixed with grains of green £rpentine 
 as the marble which is wrought at Grenville. These | lux/Stones s are 
 
 
 
| 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fine-grained, but the dolomite of lake Mazinaw may be compared with 
 the marble of Carrara. 
 
 Among the minerals in this formation having an economic value, we 
 must not forget the phosphate of lime so precious for agriculture, which 
 is often met with in these crystalline lime stones. In the township of 
 Burgess, there is a remarkable locality of this mineral in a bed of coarse- 
 grained reddish limestone, containing also large crystals of mica. The 
 phosphate of lime of a pale green colour, often forms long prisms two or 
 three inches in diameter ; the angles of these crystals are never very well 
 defined, and the mineral often takes the shape of rounded masses, giving 
 to the limestone that aspect of à conglomerate, and recalling those beds 
 of Silurian limestones which we find filled with coprolites composed of 
 phosphate of lime. The proportion of phosphate of lime in the limestone 
 of Burgess, may be estimated at about one-third of the mass. 
 
 As stones capable of being employed for the purposes of ornament, we 
 may cite from this formation the aventurine felspar to which Thompson 
 gave the name of perthite, but which is an orthoclase, and the periste- 
 rile of the same author which is a white translucent albite, remarkable 
 for its beautiful reflections of blue, yellow and green, resembling those of 
 labradorite. A beautiful variety of this latter species, which we have 
 already stated to be abundant in the hyperstenic rocks, is found in several 
 places in erratic blocks, and exists in place, in the seigniory of Mille- 
 Isles. In the township of Burgess a red variety of corumdum resembling 
 the ruby, is found in small quantities, and the red zircons of Grenville 
 are sometimes transparent and of a fine colour, constituting veritable 
 gems. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 = im << +: rituel cermbiies> : nn, 
 
 
 
III 
 
 THE HURONIAN OR CAMBRIAN SYSTEM. 
 
 The shores of lakes Hurôn and Superior offer a series of schists, 
 sandstones, limestones and conglomerates interstratified with heavy beds 
 of greenstone, and resting unconformably upon the Laurentian formation. 
 As these rocks underly those of the silurian system, and have not as yet 
 afforded any fossils, they may probably be referred to the Cambrian 
 system (lower Cambrian of Sedgwick.) The schists of this system 
 upon Lake Superior are bluish in colour, and contain beds of clurty, 
 silex, marked by calcareous bands, and holding anthracite in its fissures. 
 
 These are covered by a considerable thickness of trap, upon which 
 repose massive beds of red and white sandstone which sometimes 
 becomes conglomerate and contains pebbles of quartz and jasper. Beds 
 of a reddish argillacous limestone are often interstratified with these 
 sandstones, which are intersected and overlaid by a second eruption of 
 greenstone of great thickness and columnar in its structure. This for- 
 mation, which, according to the observations of Mr. Logan, has, on lake 
 Superior a total thickness of about 12,000 feet, is traversed by a vast 
 number of trappean dykes. 
 
 In the corresponding formation on the north shore of lake Huron, the 
 sandstones are more vitreous and the conglomerates more abundant than 
 on lake Superior; they are, however, associated with. conglom- 
 erates and schists similar to those we here just described, and the 
 formation offers great intercolated masses of greenstone. À band of 
 limestone, fifty feet in thickness forms a part of this series to which Mr. 
 Logan assigns a thickness of about 10,000 feet. He has shown after the 
 irruption of the interstratified greenstones, that of two systems of trap 
 dykes and a third of granite, intermediate in time between the two 
 eruptions of trap. The formation of the metalliferous veins is still more 
 recent, The principal mineral species of these veins are native copper, 
 quartz, calc-spar, dolomite, fluor, and sulphate of baryta with several 
 zeolites, of which laumonite isthe most common, heulandite, stilbite, 
 thompsonite, apophylilite and analcime are also met with, as well as 
 prelnite and datholite. These veins are only metalliferous where they 
 traverse the beds of greenstones. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 Te 
 
 A LEE 2 
 
 + CE Mae mr à, 
 
 ee A ET 
 
 #7 
 
 
 
 Te 2 een ————— re rs 
 
 
 
 The most important localities of native copper are the islands near 
 Nepigon Bay, lake Superior. Upon the island of St, Ignace a vein 
 coincident with the stratification, has been traced from one end of the 
 island to the other. This vein aflords, whenever it has been explored, 
 native copper often finely crystallized and associated with gray copper 
 ore. Native copper has also been wrought on Michipicoten islands, at 
 Maimanse and at Mica Bay, on the Eastern shore of the lake, where it is 
 associated with gray sulphuret of copper and with Copper pyrites. Native 
 silver, often well crystallized, acCCoOMpauies the copper in all the localities 
 indicated in Michipicoten and St. Ignace islands. At Prince’s mine on 
 Spar Island, this metal is found in a vein of quartz and calcareous spar 
 acCompanied with sulphuret of silver and copper, blende, galena, 
 malachite and arseniated cobalt. ‘The native silver ocCurs in the form 
 of little laminæ in the calcareous Spar; several essays upon a mass of 
 several hundred pounds weight, have yielded from three to four per cent 
 of silver, containing traces of gold. Upon Michipicoten Island arsenical 
 nickel is found with an arseniuret of Copper (domeykite) and a green 
 hydrated silicate of nickel and alumina containing 31 per cent'of oxyd 
 of nickel. Nickel is also found at. Wallace mine on lake Huron as an 
 arsenical sulphuret associated with pyrites ; this ore furnishes 12 per 
 cent of nickel with a little cobalt. 
 
 The veins as yet examined on Lake Huron do not contain native 
 copper ; copper pyrites are there the predominant ore, but the Bruce mines 
 have furnished considerable quantities of gray sulpliment, and of varie- 
 gated copper ore in a gaugue of quartz with heavy spar and dolomite. 
 At Wallace’s mine, at Root River, and at Echo Lake, there are also la rge 
 veins where the metal is found in the form of copper pyrites. 
 
 This Huronian formation is known for a distance of about 150 
 leagues upon Lakes Huron and Superior, and everywhere offers metalli- 
 ferous veins, which have as yet been very little explored. It cannot, 
 however, be doubted, that this region contains metallic deposits, which 
 will one day become sources of great wealth to Canada. The coal 
 formation of the neighboring State of Michigan will then furnish the com- 
 bustible required for mel ing the ores. 
 
 
 
L'UEE 
 
 | 
 
 H 
 
 L 
 
 LS 1 
 
 | | 
 } 
 11 
 + 
 
 1 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 
es 
 
 sic ——— s F | —e 
 ÉT=E" ee 
 
 à mél 
 
 
 
 de, 
 
 IV. 
 
 THE PALÆOZOIC FORMATIONS. 
 
 Upon the islands of the north of Lake Huron a series of fossiliferous 
 strata is found to repose horizontally upon the inclined strata of the 
 Huronian formation, but, further south, these fossiliferous rocks rest directly 
 upon those ofthe laurentian system, throughout the whole of their outcrop 
 in the valley of the St. Lawrence. These fossiliferous strata correspond 
 to the oldest fossiliferous rocks of Europe designated by Murchison 
 as the silurian system, but forming the upper cambrian of Sedgwick. 
 To this formation succeeds the upper silurian system of Murchison 
 (Silurian of Sedgwick) and the devonian ; these groups, with the excep- 
 tion of a small area of the carboniferous system, occupy the whole of 
 the Canadian portion of that great basin which is bounded to the north 
 by the Laurentian and Huronian systems. 
 
 Mr. Logan has shown that the basin thus indicated may be divided 
 into two parts by an anticlinal axis, which, following the valley of the 
 Hudson and of Lake Champlain, enters Canada near Missisquoi Bay, 
 and thence, running North-West, reac hes the St. Lawrence near Descham- 
 bault, ten-leagues west of Quebec. The western portion would then 
 form a subordinate basin containing the Apalachian, Michigan and 
 Illinois coal fields, while the eastern portion would embrace the coal 
 felds of New Brunswick and Massachusetts. The rocks of these two 
 basins present remarkable diflerences in their chemical and physical 
 conditions. The formations of the western basin are nearly horizontal, 
 and offer a perfect conformity, while in those of the east, there is discord- 
 ance between the upper and lower silurian, and between the devonian 
 and carboniferous formations. The strata of the eastern basin are more- 
 over very much folded and contorted, and have in some parts undergone 
 profound chemical and mineralogical changes. We shall first give a 
 description of the sedimentary deposits of the western basin. 
 
CR 
 
 V 
 
 THE WESTERN BASIN. 
 
 Reposing upon the Laurentian and Cambrian (rocks), and from the 
 base of the palæozoïc series is found a sandstone, which is often purely 
 quartzose, but sometimes (colored) by a mixture of oxyd of iron, and be- 
 coming slightly calcareous in its western prolongation. The fossils of 
 this formation are few in number, being limited to two species of Lingula, 
 some fucoids, and those impressions which have been named Scolithus. 
 It is worthy of remark that the germ Lingula which characterizes the 
 most ancient formations, still exists in tropical seas, and that the shells of 
 all its species, both recent & fossil, are composed in great part of plurplatic 
 (lime,) having a composition different from other shells and identical with 
 that of the bones of vertebrate animals. The different species of Orpicula 
 a germ closely allied to Lingula and the conularia offer a simular com- 
 position. 
 
 This sandstone to which the Geologists of New York have given the 
 name of the Potsdam Sandstone often bears the foot prints of an animal 
 which is regarded by Prof. Owen of London as a species of crustacea 
 of which we have perhaps no living analogue. The impression of the 
 feet on each side are very near to each other, but the width of the tracks 
 from 5 to 12 inches, and there is an intermediate groove which appears to 
 have been made by the tail of the animal. Prof. Owen has given to these 
 impressions the name of profechnites. They are very abundant at Vau- 
 dreuil, St Anne and many other localities. The thickness of this forma- 
 tion of sandstone in the Eastern part of Canada is about 300 feet, but it 
 diminishes towards the est. 
 
 Upon the Potsdam Sandstone reposes a formation known as the calci- 
 ferous sandslone having atthe East a thickness of 250 feet and it is charac- 
 terized by peculiar organic remains among which are fucoids and several 
 species of gasteropods. To the calciferous sandstone succeeds a mass of 
 lime stone in which the New York Geologists have recognized four 
 divisions designated by the names of Chazy, Birdseye, Black River and 
 Trenton, each of these is characterized by particular fossils At Montreal 
 
 
 

 
 Pan pate ve mu 
 
 Le mn 
 
 + 
 
 nent . 
 3 PRE 
 
 
 
 432 
 
 ———————————— —— ——_— — ——- - ——_————— ————— ————— —— —— ——————————— — er nt 
 
 
 
 this group has a thickness of about 1200 feet, and presents at its base 
 massive greyish beds ; tow ards the upper part the limestones became 
 black and bituminous, and are intercalated with black shales which 
 form the commencement of the succeeding formation. Towards the 
 west, these limestones are less abundant and the divisions not so well 
 marked: upon the Manitoulin Islands, according to Mr. Murray, their 
 total thickness does not exceed 300 feet. 
 
 These limestones aré oftén very rich in fossils, which are sometimes 
 silicified ; near Ottawa the casts of Orthoceræ and of some other fossils 
 occur in a granular ferruginous dolomite, while the (encasing) limestone 
 contains no carbonaté of magnésia. In the Chazy Himéstone near Haw- 
 kesbury as well as in à bed of sandstone at Allumette Island, belonging 
 probably to the summit of calciferous sandstoné there, are found rounded 
 niasses from one to three-fourths of an inch in diameter, consisting in great 
 part of phosphate ôf limé, and apparently composed of the exuviæ of ani- 
 mals sübsisting on the phosphatie shells just mentioned which are very 
 abundant in thése same beds. Fragments of Lingula are often visible 
 in thé interior of these coprolites, which yield by anstyQus from 36 to 45 
 per cent. of phosphate of lime, with a little fluvrtd and carbonate, and 
 portions of magnesia and oxyd of iron. ‘The residue is sihicious Sad 
 with two or three per cert. of organic matter, which exhales ammonia 
 with an animal odour when the coprolites are tested. The formation 
 which rests upon the Trenton limestone is known by the name ofthe Utica 
 Slates + these slates are black, bituminous and very fragile, containing 
 abundance of graptolites, and having a thickness of from 60 to 100 feet. 
 To the Utica slates succeeds a series of bluish or grayish schists, inter- 
 calated with thin beds of sandstone and limestone. This series which 
 is often very fossiliferous belongs to the Hudson River group of the New 
 York Geologists, and attains in Lower Canada a thickness of about 1500 
 feet; on Lake Huron, however, it is reduced to about 200 feet. 
 
 Resting upon this last series we find in the western part of Canada, a 
 red argillaceous sandstone, known as the Medina sandsione and cet 
 as the base of the upper silurian system. At the western extremity Gi Lake 
 Ontario, this sandstone has a thickness of 600 feet, but it becomes thin- 
 ner towards the west, and appears to be wanting in the eastérn basim. It 
 is followed by a series of limestone and fossiliferous shales of no great 
 thicknéss, known as the Clinton Group ; and overlaid by massive beds of 
 bitürninous limestone, known as Niagara limestone. This formation pre- 
 sents an elevated plateau atthe Falls of Niagara, while following at a little 
 distance the S. W. shore of Lake Ontario, is prolonged to Cabots Head, 
 
 
 
433 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ——_—_—_—_—_— 
 
 
 
 
 
 upon Lake Huron, and thence to the Manitoulin Islands. The upper 
 beds of this formation, often contain cavities filled with crystals of cal- 
 careous spar, dolomite, sulphate of baryta, flour, celestiné, :selenite and 
 anhydrite. sometimes with blende and galena. The combined thickness of 
 the Clinton and Niagara groups on Lake Ontario is about 200 feet, but upon 
 the Manitoulin Islands it rises to nearly 600 feet. To this formation 
 succeeds a formation of shales and limestones known by the names of the 
 Gypsiferous Group and the Onondago Salt Group which is followed DYy 
 beds of limestone containing Delthyris and Pentamerus. These lime- 
 stones form the sammit of the upper silurian system, which attains be. 
 tween the Lakes Erie and Ontario, a total thickness of about 1100 feet, 
 
 The base of the Devonian System, in the State of New York, is the 
 Oriskany sandstone represented in Canada by a white quartzose sandstone 
 of little thickness upon which rests the corniferous limestone of the New 
 York Geologists, the two forming together what they have named the upper 
 Helderberg series. : To these rocks succeed black bituminous shales 
 known as the Hamilton Group. This is the highest formation met with 
 in Western Canada, but in the neighboring States of Michigan and New 
 York, we meet with the upper portion of the Devonian system in the form 
 of massive sandstones intercalated with shales, and divided by the New 
 York Geologists into the Portage and Chemung Group, and the Catskill 
 Mountain Group. This last is regarded as the equivalent of the old red 
 sandstone of England, and immediately underlies the carboniferous Sys- 
 tem. 
 
 The fossiliferous limestones of Montreal and St. Dominique take a fine 
 polish and are employed as marbles ; they exhibit wkite fossil form upon 
 a gray or bluish gray ground, At Missisquoi Bay, and at Cornwall, is 
 found a fine black marble, which belongs to the Trenton limestone. St. Lin 
 furnishes large slabs of a beautiful reddish gray marble, filled with organic 
 remains, especially with corals which have a bright red colour. This 
 marble belongs to the Chazy division, which at Pakenham, gives a com- 
 pact chocolate-brown marble susceptible of a very fine polish. The rocks 
 of the Hudson River Group and the Trenton limestone furnish every- 
 where good material for building and paving. The Chazy limestone con- 
 taines an argillaceous bed which is largely wrought on the Ottawa, and 
 furnishes the hydraulic cement of Hull, which is much esteemed. This bed 
 characterized by the proximity of a layer filled with Cythere, has been 
 traced over a large area and furnishes a hydraulic cement at Kingston and 
 Loughboro’. At Quebec a black limestone belonging to the Hudson 
 River group, yields also a very valuable cement. The Thorold cement 
 
 C* 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 as 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 so widely used, is derived from the base of the Niagara limestone while 
 the gypsiferous formation at Cayuga, at Paris, upon the Grand River, and 
 at Point Douglas on Lake Huron furnishes a cement which hardens very 
 
 rapidly under water. 
 
 The chazy limestone in the vicinity of Marmora, contains beds of a 
 superior lithographic stone in large quantities. The same stone may be 
 traced at intervals as far as Lake Couchiching a distance of about 15 
 leagues. 
 
 The gypsum quarries of the upper Silurian rocks are very important, 
 and are found all along the outcrop of the so called gypsiferous forma- 
 tion. The principal quarries wrought are in the townships of Dumiries, 
 Brantford, Oneida and Cayuga. The gypsum is chiefly employed in the 
 country as a manure or calcined as plaster of Paris. But apart from the 
 domestic consumption, the townships of Oneida and Cayuga furnished 
 last year 7000 tons for exportation to the United States. These gypsums 
 are of recent origin ; they occur in the form of mounds, which penetrate 
 the palæozoic strata, and even the overlying clays of recent date. The 
 beds of limestone which surrounds them are upraised, broken, and in 
 great part absorbed. Mr. Sterry Hunt, of the Canadian Geological Com- 
 mission has shown that these phenomena are due to certain springs con- 
 taining free sulphuric acid which acting upon the carbonate of lime 
 have changed it into gypsum. (See Comptes Rendus de l Académie des 
 Sciences, 1855, 1st Semestre p. 1348.) The Utica slates which are some- 
 times highly bituminous are worthy of attention as sources of oils and 
 bituminous matters, but as yet no experiments have been made with 
 
 them from an industrial point Of view. 
 
 The Ilamilton shales are still more bituminous and furnish in many 
 parts of Western Canaada, springs of petroleum, as those upon the 
 Thames and in Enniskillen where there are several superficial layers ‘of 
 asphalt, which appears to have been produced by the transformation of 
 petroleum. The largest deposit of asphalt covers three acres, and there 
 is another of half an acre with a thickness in some parts of two feet. 
 This matter furnishes by distillation among other products a great quantity 
 
 of naphtha. 
 
= à qe 
 
 VI. 
 
 THE EASTERN BASIN. 
 
 We have already indicated the existence of an anticlinal axis which 
 divided in two parts the palaeozoic region of Canada. Upon the line of 
 this axis the most recent formation (with the exception of the quaternary 
 deposits) is the lower portion of the Hudson River group, distinguished 
 by the name of the Lorraine or Richelieu shales. Inthe Yamaska valley 
 an outcrop of the Trenton limestone marks this anticlinal line which 
 separates the two basins. Not far to the east of this limestone, we find 
 reposing upon the Richelieu shales a series of sedimentary rocks which 
 constitute the upper part of the Hudson River group, but which me 
 entirely wanting in the western basin from which they have probably 
 been removed by denudation. This series is composed of massive 
 grayish sandstone, often calcareous, associated with schists, gray, green, 
 and red near the summit, and with other schists black, bituminous and 
 graptolitic. In some parts of this formation the sandstone becomes con- 
 glomerate and encloses great fragments of the inferior fossiliferous forma- 
 tions, More frequently however these sandstones pass into a bituminous 
 limestone containing fossils, and mixed with magnesia, oxyd of iron or 
 silicious sand. These limestones are intercalated with silicious and 
 bituminous dolomite which weathers yellow and contains a portion of car- 
 bonate of iron; the dolomite appears in some parts to be replaced by a 
 ferruginous and silicious carbonate of magnesia. This series of rocks 
 forms the heights of Point-Lévi and Quebec, where it has a thickness. 
 of 1000 feet. To this Quebec formation, succeed red and green schists 
 holding little bands of calcareous matter, and intercalated, especially 
 near the summit, with great masses of quartzose sandstone, often cal. 
 careous, and coloured reddish or greenish by.a mixture of argillaceous 
 matter. This series of sandstones and schists which may have a total 
 thickness of 300 feet, has been named by Mr. Logan the Sillery group, 
 and appears to be the equivalent of that which the New York Geogolists 
 have designated as the Shawangunk or Oneida conglomerate, which in 
 central New York is interposed between the Richelieu shales and the 
 Medina sandstone. This Sillery group like that of Quebec is wanting 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 :) Western Canada, but to the east the two may be traced as far as 
 the southern extremity of the Apallachian coal basin. 
 
 The Sillery group offers but very few organic remains ; at Rivière Ouelle, 
 however the sandstone has furnished bodies composed of phosphate of 
 lime, and resembling fragments of bones. In the same locality also a bed 
 of conglomerate with a calcareous base contains a great number of 
 what appear to be coprolites; they are composed of phosphate of lime 
 with a little corbonate, some animal matter, and 10 or 12 per cent. Of 
 oxyd of iron, and are intermingled with a large quantity of iron pyrites 
 in small radiated globules. This association appears to be due to the re- 
 ducing action of organic matters upon à neutral proto-sulphate of iron 
 which would furnish at the same time bisulphuret and oxyd of iron. 
 The graptolitic shales of Point-Lévi also contain coprolites. 
 
 Upon the Quebec and Sillery groups, which form the northern shore 
 of the peninsula of Gaspé, repose unconformably about 200 feet of 
 fossiliferous limestones and shales which represent the upper silurian 
 system, and to these succeed 7000 feet of devonian sandstones interstra- 
 tified with red shales. Upon the Southern shore of Gaspé the upturned 
 edges of these devonian strata are overlaid by 3000 feet of horizontal 
 beds of a sandstone, the mill stone grit which forms the base of the New 
 Brunswick coal-field, but they are themselves destitute of coal. 
 
 The fossiliferous limestones of Gaspé may be followed to the S. W. as far 
 as Lake Memphramagog upon the line of the United States, and from thence 
 they continue southwards in the valley of the Connecticut until they are 
 concealed by the triassic sandstones of Massachusetts, affording a continuous 
 outcrop of 700 miles. The devonian system, which is purely silicious in 
 Gaspé, presents towards the S. W. some beds of limestone, which are found 
 associated with the upper silurian limestones, in the line of the great valley 
 
 just indicated. 
 
VIT. 
 
 THE METAMORPHIC ROOKS. 
 
 The rocks of the eastern basin have been disturbed by successive fold- 
 ings and dislocations, and form a series of parallel montain ranges which 
 belong to the Apallachien system and which, traversing the province of 
 Canada, in a south-west direction, may be traced as far as the State of Ala- 
 bama, in latitude 342 N. Some of these mountains in Canada attain a 
 height of over 4000 feet. The rocks of this mountainous region have been 
 very much metamorphosed and rendered crystalline by chemical action, so 
 that the fossils are for the greater part obliterated. The rocks thus altered 
 belong to the Hudson River group and to that of Sillery, and they form 
 a belt having an average breadth of about 40 miles, which limits to the 
 north-west the valley occupied by the superior limestones throughout its 
 whole length, The direction of this metamorphic belt does not coincide 
 precisely with that of the undulations of the region, from which it results 
 that the latter, in their northern prolongation, pass out of the limits of the 
 metamorphic region and present the strata with their characteristic fossils. 
 The changes which these sedimentary strata have undergone are often very 
 remarkable, some of the beds have been converted into chloritie, micaceous 
 and talcous schist and others into felspathie, hornblendice and epidotic rocks. 
 With the talene schists and agillites are intercalated beds of serpentine, 
 which have already been traced for a distance of 150 miles in Canada and 
 
 are accompanied by limestone, dolomite, magnesite and diallage. 
 
 The investigations of, the Geological Commission go to $how that during 
 the changes which these sedimentary rocks have undergone, there has been 
 no introduction of foreign materials, but that on the contrary all the minerals 
 which are found in these crystalline strata have been produced by the re- 
 actions and chemitai combinations of the matters already existing in a state 
 of mixture in the sediments. The unaltered argilaceous schists yield by 
 analysis four or five per cent. of alkali which suffices to form the felspar 
 and the micas found in the crystaline schists; the dolomites and the mag- 
 nesites always contain a large amount of silica and very often a portion of 
 oxyd of chromium which under the form of chromic iron characterises the 
 serpentines of this region. The sedimentary origin of these serpentines 1s 
 
 
 

 
 à mm _ re a ——————pn 
 
 very evident and they are probably the result of an action between silica 
 and carbonate of magnesia in presence of water, and aided by a somewhat 
 elevated temperature. Bischoff has shown that silica even in its insoluble 
 modification decomposes the carbonate of lime, magnesia and iron, In con- 
 tact with water at 1002 centigrade. A.similar reaction with highly silicious 
 magnesites would furnish a hydrated silicate which is no other than ser- 
 pentine, and with the dolomites would result amphiboles and diallages. 
 Magnesites containing less silica would yield tales and steatites, while dol- 
 omites containing too little silica to form amphiboles would give rise to the 
 mixtures of serpentine with carbonate of lime so common in these strata. 
 
 Among the unctuous schists possessing a pearly lustre there are many 
 which are not magnesian but owe their physical characters to a micaceous 
 mineral, which in certain cases at least is a hydrous silicate of alumina, 
 idential with the pholerite of cuillemin. It is worthy of remark that the 
 principal minerals of these metamorphic rocks are hydrated, as for example, 
 the serpentine, tale, chlorite and pholerite ; the diallage is also hydrated. 
 | Among the anhydronus specise which these rocks contain, we may mention 
 
 psr 0 1e 
 
 es 
 ra 
 ÿ 
 , 
 
 pyroxene, orthoclase, epidote, and more rarely garnet, sphene and tourma- 
 line. 
 
 mass 
 
 As we approach the north-western limit of the metamorphic region, it 1 
 easy to observe the gradual transition by which the schists lose their 
 chloritic and nacreous aspect, and assume their original sedimentary charac- 
 
 aa 
 
 ter. Beyond the limits of the metamorphism, but in a region where the 
 rocks are still much disturbed, there are found fissures filled with a black, 
 bituminous and very fragile material, which sometimes forms botryordal 
 masses. This matter loses by a strong heat 20 per cent. of volatile by hy- 
 drocarbons and leaves a pulverulent charcoal which burns with difficulty 
 being only a few thousanthes of ash. This substance which is very common 
 in the formations of Sillery and Québec appears to have been derived from 
 the bitumen of the palaeozoic rocks, which volatilized by heat has been con- 
 densed in fissures, where it has subsequently undergone such changes as 
 have caused it to lose its volatility, and converted it into a coal-like material. 
 
 In the County of Gaspé, the limestone of the upper silurian sytem, 
 which have suffered no mineralogical changes, rest upon the metamorphosed 
 strata of lower silurian, and frequently enclose fragments of these latter, 
 but towards the south-west, the fossils of these limestones show proofs of 
 a commencement of such metamorphisn:, and in the valleys of the river St. 
 Francis and of Lake Memphramagog, the limestone become crystalline 
 | and misaceous, although the fossils of the upper silurian and devonian 
 l epochs may ne still recognized upon weathered surfaces and in thin sections 
 
 
 
np am Dans * 22 md” SE à _ RES CO "a, gras ie 
 ; 7 
 
 1 439 
 
 
 
 
 
 of the limestones. Towards the south-east these crystalline limestones 
 are overlaid by micaceous schists more or less caleareous, associated with 
 chiastolite slates, quartzités and hornblendic rocks containing garnets, the 
 whole being altered palaeozoic strata, and penetrated by granites of the 
 devonian epoch. The facts which we have cited shew that the metamor- 
 phic action in this region, as well as the force which produced the undula- 
 tions of the strata was prolonged up to the end of the palaeozoic epoch. 
 
 The crystalline strata just described contain many metallie veins which 
 traverse both the upper and lower silurian rocks, and these veins, together 
 with the mineral contents of the metamorphic strata themselves make this 
 region very interesting in an economic peint of view. À series of highly 
 ferruginous slates of the Hudson River group, yield in the townships of Bolton 
 and Brome beds of iron ore, in which the metal in the form of magnetic 
 oxyd or peroxyd is disseminated in crystals or more often in grains and 
 scales in a chloritic schist associated with dolomite. These beds have a 
 thickness of from six to fifteen feet and yield from 20 to 50 per cent. of 
 metallic iron. They often contain titanic acid, but generally in small 
 quantity. The titanium also appears in the form of crystals of sphene in a 
 vein traversing one of the beds of magnetic iron ore, and in another locality 
 as cryStallized rutile upon specular iron; chemical analysis shews the 
 presence of titanium in the unaltered ferruginous slates of the altered region. 
 | These deposits of ifon ore are very abundant, but from the mixture of 
 
 chlorite and the presence of titanium, they cannot be compared with the 
 deposits of the same species in the Laurentian rocks. The same ores are 
 met with in many other localities in this formation. A remarkable locality 
 ofmagnetic and titaniferous iron occurs in Vaudreuil and Beauce, where 
 the two species intimately mixed, form a bed fifty feet thick in serpentine. 
 The ore is granular and after having been pulverized may be separated by 
 the magnet into two portions; the magnetic portion which forms about 
 two-thirds ot the mass is pure magnetic oxyd of iron, while the residue is 
 ilmenite containing 48.6 per cent of titanic acid. The serpentines of this 
 region contain in many places disseminated grains of chromic iron ore, of 
 which a bed of twelve inches occurs in Bolton, and one of fourteen 
 inches in Ham. These ores contain from 46 to 50 per cent. of oxyd of 
 chromium. Chromic iron also occurs disseminated in the dolomites and 
 
 magnesites. 
 
 The copper ores of this metamorphic region are found in veins which 
 are generally concordant with the stratification, and are associated with the 
 dolomites of the Quebec formation. In Upton there is a vein twelve 
 inches wide, of argentiferous copper pyrites, in a gangue of quartz, and 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 another similar vein near Sherbrooke contains, besides silver, traces of gold. 
 In Leeds and Inverness are found considerable veins of sulphuret of cop- 
 per, Variegated copper ore, with a gangue of quartz and dolomite. In 
 Leeds a bed of ferruginous dolomite contains sulphuret of copper and 
 specular iron with a little native gold. Small quantities of copper ore are 
 met with in various other localities ; they are often disseminated in beds of 
 
 dolomite, with blende and galena. 
 
 The seigniories of Vaudreuil and St. George, in the Valley of the 
 Chaudière, present veins of quartz which traverse slates belonging to the 
 base of the upper silurian limestone, and contain native gold in small 
 quantities, with galena, blende, arsenical sulphuret of iron, cubic and 
 magnetic pyrites. The blende and pyrités are both auriferous, and the 
 galena from a recently opened véin contains one-thousandth of silver. 
 The debris of these slates and of those of the Quebec formation, have 
 furnished the auriferous sands which cover a large area on the south-east 
 slopes of the metamorphic belt. The gold, the existence of which Mr. 
 Logan has shewn in the alluvium over a surface of about 10,000 square 
 miles, is associated with magnetic, chromic and titanic iron ores, rutile, 
 zircon, and small quantities of native platinum and iridosnium. The gold, 
 which sometimes occurs in masses weighing several ounces, but more often 
 in the form of small scales and grains, contains from eleven to thirteen per 
 cent. of silver. Ît is not easy to say what proportion of gold is contained 
 in these sands, but experiments on a large scale have shewn that the 
 exploration cannot be pursued with profit with the present price of labour. 
 Cobalt and nickel have been found in traces only in these rocks. An 
 arseniated oxyd of nickel is found in small quantity at Bolton, and the oxyds 
 of the two metals are associated with the chromie iron-of Ham. 
 
 Among the economic materials of this region, the#roofing slates must 
 not be forgotten. It is now only six years since the geological commission 
 first signalized their existence, and already large quarries are wrought, which 
 furnish in abundance slates of superior quality. The quarries of Melbourne, 
 Richmond and Kingsey, belong to the Hudson River group, but those of 
 Westbury and Rivière du Loup, are near the base of the upper silurian. 
 These slates have à cleavage independently of the stratification, and have 
 shining surfaces.  Silicious slates which serve as whetstones, are common in 
 many localities in both of these formations. 
 
 Steatite, which generally accompanies the serpentines of Lower Canada, 
 is abundant in Bolton, Potton, Vaudreuil, Beauce, and many other localities. 
 The former beds, intercolated for the most part with argillaccous or horn- 
 blendic schists, may be obtained in large masses. À compact chlorite 
 
RÉ es ur 
 
 
 
 ds des Rite ET SN A = te ESS Pt “ ce 
 
 AA 
 
 ppm © _ 
 ro 
 
 
 
 or potstone is also very abundant in many parts of the same formation, 
 and may readily be sawn into large blocks. The serpentines throughout 
 their whole extent, furnish very beautiful dark green marble, often resem- 
 bling the vert-antique; green serpentines of various shades are mingled with 
 white and grayish limestones, giving rise to many varieties of these marbles, 
 the finest of which are from Broughton and Oxford. Near Philipsburg the 
 Trenton limestones afford a fine white marble ; in their southern prolonga- 
 tion, these limestones become more crystalline, and form the white marbles 
 of Vermont, which are now celebrated. The upper silurian limestone of 
 Dudswell are grayish and yellowish, with veins and spots of black ; they 
 still exhibit on their polished surfaces, the traces of fossils, and often form 
 marbles of great beauty. 
 
 The dolomites and magnesian carbonates of this region furnish in abun- 
 dance the materials for the fabricafion of the salts of magnesia. A deposit 
 of magnesite in Bolton has a breadth of more than 300 feet ; the rock is 
 crystalline and colored green by oxyds of chrome and nickel: another bed 
 of it has been found at Sutton. The analysis of the two has given as follows : 
 
 Sutton. Bolton. 
 
 Carbonate of magnesia......... d'etre 83.85 60.13 — magnesia. ...... 28.62 
 Carbonate of iron............. F SARA 9.02 8.82 == oxyd of iron.... 5.13 
 Silica, insoluble. ............. PRIS 8.03 82.20 
 
 
 
 
 
 + ? - 
 2 sÀ 
 
 ns 100,40 100,65 
 
 The insoluble part of these magnesites is chiefly silicious sand, Itis. 
 worthy of remark that the Bolton rock contains silica and magnesia in the 
 proportions required to form a serpentine. | 
 
 The granites already alluded to, which traverse the devonian system, 
 are very fine grained, of a grayish color, and splitting with facility, yield 
 a superior building material; that of Stanstead is the best known. Vau- 
 dreuil furnishes a bluish-gray variety which ïis used by the country 
 people for the fabrication of mill-stones. 
 
 | the east of the great anticlinal axis which divides in two partst he 
 palaeozoic formations of Canada, are the mountains of Brome, Shefford, 
 and Yamäska ; these are great masses of an intrusive rock, which is a coarse- 
 grained diorite, often having the aspect of a granite, and containing gene- 
 rally à white felspar with augite and a little mica. The mountains of 
 Monnoir, Beloeil, Montarville, Montreal and Rigaud, to the west of the 
 same axis, are also formed of intrusive rocks; Beloeil, which is the most 
 elevated, has a height of about 1,300 feet. These hills are composed of 
 diorites having much resemblance to that of Brome and Yamaska ; these 
 diorites are characterized by the presence of small amber-yellow crystals 
 
 of sphene. 
 
 
 

 
 née NES + de nn Ge 
 
 = < 
 ÿ | DT CRE es re ed à + # Î 
 _ j 
 
 
 
VIIT. 
 
 THE QUATERNARY OR ALLUVIATI DEPOSITS. 
 
 We have already indicated the existence in Canada of the palaeozoic 
 rocks and the base of the carboniferous system, but with the exception of 
 the post-tertiary deposits, the more recent formations are-entirely want- 
 ing. The surface of Canada is formed of clays interstratified with sands 
 and clays, and in many parts overlaid by diluvium. These stratified de- 
 posits contain the remains of a great many species of marine animals, 
 identical with those now inhabiting the gulf of the St. Lawrence. The 
 concretions found in a bed of clay near Ottawa contain in great abundance 
 the remains of the capeling (mallotus villosus) associated sometimes with the 
 Cyclostomas lumpus, and great numbers of the leaves of exogenous trees. The 
 skeletons of a cetacea and of a species of PAhoca have been found in the clays of 
 Montreal, where beds filled with shells exist at a height of 500 feet above the 
 present sea-level. Similar stratified clays, but without fossils, have even 
 been remarked at an elevation of 1,200 feet. The detached bones of the 
 Elephas primigenius and of a species of deer have been found in a stratified 
 gravel on the shores of Lake Ontario. In the Valley of the St. Lawrence 
 several terraces may be distinguished, marking the different limits of the 
 sea during the deposition of these post-tertiary strata. 
 
 The clays of this series form the superficial soil of a great portion of the 
 country ; they are often calcareous and constitute a soil remarkably fertile, 
 The alluvium which is spread over but limited areas, has been transported 
 from the north; in the eastern part of the St. Lawrence Valley it consists 
 almost exclusively of the ruins of rocks of tue Laurentian system, but in the 
 south-west of Canada the debris of the palæozoïic formations are mingled 
 with those of the crystalline rocks. } 
 
 Thé Soil of the south-east of Canada is composed of the ruins of the 
 metamorphic palaeozoie strata which form that mountain chain, already de- 
 scribed as a prolongation of the Alleghanies. In the Laurentide mountains 
 the soils are verv fertile near the limestones and the lime felspars, and we 
 find that the settlements have followed the outcrops of these rocks, while 
 the gneissoid and quartz ore districts are still uncultivated. Among the 
 
 
 
Pr or LE 
 
 
 
 
 
 444, 
 
 en _ — —————————— me - - ; nr - — 
 
 
 
 economic materials of the superficial deposits are clays for the fabrication 
 of bricks and coarse pottery which are wrought in a great number of 
 places. In the vicinity of London, of Toronto and of Cobuurg there are 
 clays which yield white and yellow bricks that are much esteemed. 
 Moulding sands and tripolis are also abundant in different localities. De- 
 posits of shell marl, very valuable as manure, occur often in beds of large 
 extent; among other localities we may cite Shefñeld and Olden, near 
 Kingston, the viéinity of Ottawa, Stanstead and New Carlisle. 
 
 The hydrated peroxyd of iron limonite, is widely spread in Canada, and 
 forms superficial deposits often of large extent. The forges of St. Maurice, 
 near {rois Rivières, have been supplied for nearly a century with the 
 limonite of that neighborhood, and a furnace for the smelting of the same 
 ore has lately been established at Champlain in the same vicinity. Ît is 
 worthy of remark that although the St. Maurice ore contains a considera- 
 ble proportion of phosphate, it furnishes castings and malleable iron of an 
 exceilent quality. In the County of Norfolk, on the shores of Lake Erie, 
 there are beds of limonite which have been wrought for a long time, and 
 there are also extensive beds of this ore in Vaudreuil, near Montreal, and 
 
 at Saint Vallier. 
 
 ‘ These deposits of limonite on the north side of the St. Lawrence, are 
 often associated with iron ochres ; the most remarkable localities of which 
 are at Pointe-du-lac and $t. Anne de Montmorenci. The ochres of Pointe- 
 du-lac are wrought, and yield by different processes a variety of valuable 
 pigments. The phosphate of iron; vivianite,in a pulverulent form is 
 found in abundance with the limonite of Vaudreuil. 
 
 Considerable areas in the eastern part of Canada are covered with 
 marshes which furnish abundance of peat, but this combustible is as yet 
 almost unknown in the country. There are a great many of these marshes 
 upon the north side of the St. Lawrence from Mille Isles, in the District of 
 Montreal, as far as Champlain, a distance of about 120 miles : and upon 
 the opposite shore they are found from the County of Beauharnois to the 
 Rivière du Loup, over a length of about 300 miles. The savanne of St. 
 Hyacinthe covers an area of about two leagues, and there are others still 
 larger. The peat is often twelve and fifteen feet in thickness, and of ex- 
 cellent quality ; that of Longueuil, in the vicinity of Montreal, has been 
 wrought for à year past, and furnishes a fuel which will before iong become 
 very important for a country where coal is wanting and where wood is 
 already becoming dear. 
 
 
 
IX. 
 
 THE MINERAL WATERS. 
 
 The mineral waters of Canada without exception.issue from the unaltered 
 palaeozoïic rocks, and offer from their number and their various composi- 
 tion a very interesting subject of investigation. The anrual reports of the 
 geological commission give the analysis, by Mr. Sterry Hunt, of fifty-nine 
 springs, of which fifty-four are more or less saline, and may be divided 
 into two classes: the neutral waters which contain besides salts of soda, 
 chlorides of calcium and magnesia, and the alkaline waters holding carbo- 
 nate of soda. Both of these classes contain with but few exceptions, 
 bromides and iodides in small quantities, as well as bicarbonate of lime and 
 magnesia, often in great abundance. In those springs which do not con- 
 tain sulphates, salts of baryta and strontia are constantly met with, and 
 small traces of oxyds of iron and manganese are never wanting. In some 
 of the neutral salines the quantities of chlorides of magnesia and calcium 
 are so considerable that the waters are very bitter, but others, which contain 
 less of these salts are very agreable to the taste, and much frequented by 
 invalids. In the report of the geological commission for 1853, there is a 
 list of twenty springs of this class, containing, from four to thirty-six parts 
 ofsolid matter in one thousand parts of water. Among these springs the best 
 known are Saint-Lèon, Caxton, Plantagenet, Lanoraie, and Point-du-Jour, 
 but others equally good are found at Nicolet, St. Geneviève and elsewhere. 
 The quantities of bromides and iodides, and the salts of baryta and strontia 
 contained in several of these springs give them valuable medicinal pro- 
 perties. 
 
 : 
 
 In the report already cited theré is also a list of eighteen alkaline springs, 
 of which twelve furnish from two to twelve parts of solid matter to the thou- 
 sand of water. Among these twelve there are nine which contain salts of 
 baryta and strontia, these two bases being almost always associated. In 
 the more saline of these, the quantity of carbonate of soda is relatively 
 small, being equal to from one to twelve hundredths of thé total weight of 
 soda salts, while in the weaker waters it rises to fifty and even eighty-hun- 
 dredths. The greater number of these waters contain small quantities of 
 borate of soda, which is included with the carbonate in the numbers which 
 
 
 

 
 PF CHE 
 
 446 
 
 
 
 we have just given. The best known of these springs are those of Var- 
 ennes and Caledonia, which are feebly alkaline and pleasant to the taste. 
 A spring at Chambly contains two thousandths of solid matter, of which 
 one half is carbonate of soda, and another at Nicolet contains in a litre 1°135 
 grammes of alkaline carbonate, and only 0‘423 grammes of chlorids. The 
 proportion of potash in these mixed salts rarely rises above two or three- 
 hundredtbs, but the alkalies of a spring at St. Ours, determined in the state of 
 chlorides, give twenty-five hundredths of chloride of potassium. The water 
 of this spring contains 0-58 grammes of solid matter in a litre, principally 
 alkaline carbonates. All the waters of this class hold in solution siliea, 
 often in considerable quantity, and deposit by boiling, silicates of lime and 
 magnesia, mixed with carbonates of these bases.  Silica in a soluble form 
 is always found even in the neutral saline waters. 
 
 With some few exceptions, the springs of these two classes rise from 
 strata belonging to the lower silurian system, the waters of the limestones 
 which form its base are generally neutral, while the springs which flow from 
 the schists which cover these limestones are often alkaline. 
 
 Among the springs cf the upper silurian rocks there are some neutral 
 salines, and those of the acid waters, of which we have spoken in noticing 
 the gypsums of Upper Canada. The analyses of four of these springs have 
 furnished from 200 to 4:30 grammes of free sulphuric acid, and from 0-60 
 to 1:87 grammes of sulphate of iron, alumina, lime, magnesia, and alkalies to 
 the litre. Of these acid waters that of Tuscarora is the best known and has 
 a great reputation among the country people of the vicinity in the treat- 
 ment of various diseases ; all these acid springs contain a little sulphur- 
 etted hydrogen. Many of the springs of the silurian rocks are more or 
 less sulphurous, but that of Charlotteviile, which is upon.the outcrop of the 
 devonian strata contains in addition to aconsiderable amount of chlorides and 
 sulphates, the large proportion of 32 cubic inches of sulphuretted hydrogen 
 to the gallon. 
 
 The acid springs of which we have just spoken, as well as a great num- 
 ber of salines, evolve carburetted hydrogen gas, and often in consider- 
 able quantities. None of the springs of Canada as far as, yet observed 
 appear to merit the appellation of thermal. 
 
 
 
X. 
 
 THE GREAT NORTHERN BASIN. 
 
 This great basin, of which the Laurentides form the southern limit is very 
 little known. Among the Laurentian rocks at lakes N ipissing, Saint Jean, 
 and des Allumettes, small areas of lower silurian rocks are met with, which 
 are to be regarded as detached portions of the southern basin. The last of 
 these localities occurs on the Ottawa at the mouth of the Mattawa, and 
 sixty miles further north, after having passed the great Laurentian axis, we 
 reach the valley of lake Temiscaming, which belongs to the northern basin. 
 Here Mr. Logan found a series of chloritic schists, sometimes conglomerate 
 in character, nearly horizontal in their attitude, and having a thickness of 
 about a thousand feet. To these schists succeed 500 feet of massive green- 
 ish white sandstones, overlaid by a calcareous formation 800 feet thick, and 
 composed of strong beds of yellowish and grayish limestones intercolated 
 with calcareous shales. The whole filled with the characteristic fossils of 
 the upper silurian period. 
 
 The chloritic schists probably correspond to the Huronian rocks, but itis 
 difficult to fix the age of the sandstones which are destitute of fossils. In 
 all the collections brought from this northern region, there have as yet been 
 found no fossils more ancient than those of lake Temiscaming ; the numer- 
 ous fossils found in the diluvium on the shores of lake Superior, also help 
 to show that the lower silurian system is entirely wanting in the vast basin 
 to the north of the Laurentides ; from which fact Mr. Logan concludes, 
 that these mountains from the coast of Labrador to the Arctic Ocean form- 
 ed the limits of an ancient silurian sea. 
 
 
 
È T4 
 Ra 
 ES 
 . 
 1 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 ton, æ -— _ 
 - ke =" 2 = > 
 
 
 
CE 
 
 Cal ont 2 ù ' 
 Se me ns es 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ECONOMIC MINERAIS OF CANADA. 
 
 _—_—_—_———n nn 
 
 METALS AND THEIR ORES. 
 
 Magnetic Iron Ore.—Marmora, four localities ; Madoc, four localities : South 
 Sherbrooke, Bedford, Hull, three localities ; Portage du Fort. 
 
 Specular Iron Ore.—Wallace Mine (Lake Huron) MacNab, St. Arnaud, 
 Sutton, three localities ; Brome, three localities ; Bolton. 
 
 Limonite (Bog Ore.)—Middletown, Charlotteville, Walsingham, Gwillim- 
 bury West, Fitzroy, Eardley, March, Hull, Templeton, Vaudreuil, St. 
 Maurice, Champlain, Batiscan, Ste. Anne, Portneuf, Nicolet, Stan- 
 bridge, Simpson, Ireland, Lauzon, St. Vallier. 
 
 Tilaniferous Tron.—St. Urbain (Baie St. Paul,) Vaudreuil (Beauce.) 
 Sulphuret of Zinc (Blende.)—Prince’s Mine and Mamainse (Lake Superior.) 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead (Galena.)—Fitzroy, Lansdowne, Ramsay, Bedford, Bas- 
 tard, la Petite Nation, Ause des Sauvages, and Ause du Petit Gaspé, 
 Maimanse, 
 
 Copper.—St. Ignace and Michipicoten Islands (Lake Superior,) St. Henri, 
 native copper. Prince’s Mine (Lake Superior,) sulphuret of copper. 
 Mica Bay and Maimanse (Lake Superior) sulphuret variegated copper 
 and copper pyrues. Bruce’s Mine (Lake Huron,) Root River, Echo 
 Lake and Wallace Mine (Lake Huron,) copger pyrites.  Inverness and 
 Leeds, variegated copper.  Upton, argenhferous copper pyrites. Ascot, 
 copper pyrites containing gold and silver. 
 
 D* 
 
 
 

 
 450 
 
 ————p 
 
 SE es 
 
 
 
 
 
 N'ickel.—Michipicoten (Lake Superior,) arsenial nickel, with a hydrated 
 silenite of nickel. Wallace Mine (Lake Huron,) sulpharseniuret of nickel. 
 Daillebout Berthier, nickeliferous pyritess Ham and Bolton, in small 
 quantities, associated with chromic iron; the nickel in most of these 
 different localities is associated with a little cobalt. 
 
 Silver.—St. Ignace and Michipicoten Islands (Lake Superior) native silver 
 with native copper. Prince’s Mine (Lake Superior,) native silver with 
 sulphuret of silver. 
 
 Grold.—Seigniory of Vaudreuil, Beauce, on the Rivers Guillaume, Lessard, 
 Bras, Touffe des Pins, and du Lac. Seigniory of Aubert de Lisle, 
 Rivers Famine and du Loup. Aubert-Gallion, Poser’s Stream, and 
 the River Metgermet. All these localities in the County of Beauce 
 afford native gold in the alluvial sands. This auriferous region has an 
 area of 10,000 square miles, and the precious metal has been found at 
 Melbourne, Dudswell, Sherbrooke, and many other localities in the 
 valleys of the St. Francis and the Chaudière. Native gold 1s also 
 found in small quantities in Leeds, in a vein with specular iron, and 
 at Vaudreuil, Beauce, with blende and pyrites. These sulphurets are 
 both auriferous, and the copper pyrites of Ascot also contain a small 
 proportion of gold. The native silver of Prince’s Mine likewise con- 
 tains traces of gold. 
 
 NON-METALLIC MINERALS. 
 
 Uranium.—The yellow oxyd of uranium is found in small quantities with 
 the magnetic iron of Madoc. 
 
 Chromium.— Bolton and Ham are localities of chromic iron. 
 
 Cobali.—At Prince’s Mine, Lake Superior, arseniate of cobalt and associated 
 with nickel in the localities mentioned above. 
 
 Manganese.—Bolton, Stanstead, Tring, Aubert-Gallion, Ste. Marie, Beauce, 
 Ste. Anne, earthy peroxyd. 
 
 Iron pyrites.—Clarendon, Terrebonne, Lanoraie, Garthsby. 
 
 Graphite.—Grenville, Fitzroy. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 451 
 Dolomite. — Lake Mazinaw, North Sherbrooke, Drummond, St. Armand, 
 Dunham, Sutton, Brome, Ely, Durham Melbourne, Kingsey, Ship- 
 
 ton, Chester, Halifax, Inverness, Leeds, St, Giles, Ste. Marie, Saint 
 Joseph. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia.—<Sutton, Bolton. 
 
 Sulphate of Buryta.—Bathurst, Macnab, Lansdowne, and many localities 
 on Lake Superior. 
 
 Iron Ochres.— St, Nicholas, Ste. Anne de Montmorency, Champlain, 
 Waltham, Mansfield, Durham. 
 
 Steatite.—Sutton, Bolton, Melbourne, Ireland, Potton, Vaudreuil, Beauce, 
 Broughton, Elzevir, the steatite of the last four localities is employed 
 as a refractory stone, and that of Stanstead and of Leeds is ground and 
 employed as a paint, 
 
 Lithographic Stone.— Marmora, Rama, lake Couchiching. 
 
 Agales.—Isle St, Ignace, Michipicoten, and Thunder Bay (lake Supe- 
 rior) Gaspé. 
 
 Jasper, —Great Rivière Ouelle, Gaspé. 
 
 Labrador felspar.—Mille Isles, Drummond and many other localities. 
 Aventurine.—Burgess. 
 
 Hyacinthe. —Grenville. 
 
 Corumdum.—Burgess. 
 
 Amelhyst.—Spar Island, and many other localities on Lake Superior. 
 Jet.—Montreal. 
 
 Quartzose Sandstone.—For the manufacture of glass, Cayuga, Dunn, 
 Vaudreuil, Isle Perrot, Beauharnois, and many localities on the 
 north shore of Lake Huron.—The sandstone of St. Maurice is em- 
 ployed as a fire-stone for iron furnaces. 
 
 Retinite and Basall.—For the fabrication Of black glass : many locali- 
 ties on Lake Huron and Superior, 
 
 Gypsum.—Dumtries, Brantford, Oneida, Seneca, Cayuga, &c., the 
 localities are very numerous. 
 
 
 
452 
 
 ——— Te 
 
 Shell Marl.—Calumet, Clarendon, North-Gwillimsbury, Bromley, 
 MacNab, Nepean, Gloucester, Argenteuil, Hawkesbury, Vaudreuil, 
 St. Benoit, Ste. Thérèse, St. Armand, Stanstead, St. Hyacinthe, 
 Montréal, New Carlisle, (Gaspé.) 
 
 Phosphate of lime.—Burgess, Hull, Calumet, Ottawa. 
 
 Millstones.—Several kinds of stone, more or less adapted to the purpose, 
 are employed in Canada for the fabrication of millstones. The best 1s 
 a corneous quartzite which accompanies the serpentine of the Eastern 
 Townships, and has been wrought at Bolton. 
 
 A silicous conglomerate which serves to make millstones is found at 
 Vaudreuil, at the Cascades, Ham and Port Daniel. We may mention 
 also“for this purpose the granites of Stanstead, Barnston, Barford, 
 Hereford, Ditton, Marston, Strafford, Weedon and Vaudreuil, Beauce, 
 the granite millstones of Vaudreuil are much esteemed. The pseudo- 
 granites and diorites of the mountains of Ste. Thérèse, Rouville, 
 Rougemon!t, Shefford, Yamaska and Brome, are also sometimes em- 
 ployed to make millstones. 
 
 Grindstones.—AÀ sandstone, known as the gray-brand, and found at the base 
 of the upper silurian of Western Canada in many localities is em- 
 ployed for the fabrication of grindstones. The Potsdam sandstone 
 and a sandstone from Gaspé basin are also employed for the same 
 purpose. 
 
 Whetstones.—Madoc, Marmora, lake Mazinaw, Fitzroy, Potton, Stanstead, 
 Hatley, Bolton, Shipton, Marston. 
 Y; È 
 
 Tripoli—Laval, Lanoraie. 
 
 | BUILDING MATERIALS. 
 
 Granites.—Large masses of a very beautiful intrusive granite are found 
 ip in many of the townships of the East. Among other localities we may 
 AE cite Stanstead, Barnston, Hereford, Masson. Megantic mountairs 
 
 | Weedon, Winslow, Stafford, and Lambton. The diorites of the 
 mountains of Ste. Thérèse, Rouville, Rougemont, Yamaska, Shefford, 
 sl and Brome, furnish also good building stones. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 rs ms 
 ee - 
 
 Sandstone.—AÀ beautiful variety of yellowish-white Saudstone occurs at 
 Niagara, Queenstown, Barton, Hañnilton, Flamboro’ West, Nelson, 
 Nassagaweya, Esquesing, Nottawasaga, and Cayuga. Other localities 
 are Rigaud, Vaudreuil, Ile Perrot, St.-Eustache, Terrebonne, Beau- 
 
 harnois, St. Maurice, Lac des Allumettes, and Fitzroy. 
 -$ 
 
 Calcareous Sandstone. —Brockville, Ottawa, and a Sreat many places on the 
 Ottawa riverySt. Nicolas (Lauzon), Cape Rouge Malbaie, 
 
 Limestones.—Malden, Manitoulin and 8t Joseph’s islands, Uape Hurd, 
 Cabot’s Head, Sydenham, Euphrasia, Nottawasaga, Mono, Esquesing, 
 Nelson, Ancaster, T'horold, Matchedash Bay, Orillia, Rama, Mara, 
 Marmora, Madoc, Belleville, Kingston, Macnab, Ottawa, Plantagenet, 
 Hawkesbury, Cornwall, Isle Bizard, Isle de Beauharnois, Caughrawaga, 
 
 Montreal, Isle Jésus, Terrebonne, Philipsburg, St. Dominique, Gron- 
 dines, Deschambault, Beauport, Baïe St. Paul, Malbaie, Upton, Acton, 
 Wickham, Magoon’s Point, Stanstead, Hatley, Dudswell, Temiscouata 
 Gaspé, Port Daniel, Richmond, Anticosti. 
 
 Hydraulic Limestones.—Point Douglas, (Lake Huron,) Paris, Cayuga, 
 Thorold, Kingston, Loughboro’, Hull, Quebec. | 
 
 Roofing Slates.—Kingsey, Halifax, Lambton, Melbourne, Westbury, Rivière 
 du Loup. 
 
 Fagging Slones.—Toronto, Etobicoke, River Credit, York, Temiscaming, 
 Bagot, Horton, Clarendon, Sutton, Potton, Stanstead, Inverness, Port 
 
 Daniel. 
 
 a, 
 
 Clays.—Clays suitable for the fabrication of red bricks, tiles and coarse 
 pottery, are everywhere found through the valleys ofthe St. Lawrence, 
 Richelieu and Ottawa. Clays, for the manufacture of white bricks are 
 met with at London, Toronto, Cobourg, and Peterborough. 
 
 Moulding Sand.— Augusta near Prescott, Montreal, Acadie, Stanstead. 
 
 Fullers Earth.—Nassagaweya. 
 
 
 
 A 
 Marbles.— White. Lake Mazinaw and Philipsburg, 
 
 Black.—Cornwall, Philipsburg. 
 Red.—$St. Lin, 
 
 
 

 
 tt om = EC TE di daté tnt RER 
 
 Brown.—Pakenham. 
 Yellow & Black.—Several varieties at Dudswell. 
 Grey $ variegated.—Macnab, Philipsburg, St. Dominique, Montreal. 
 
 Green—Serpentines affording several beautiful varieties of marble 
 
 occur at Grenville, and along a range of 150 miles in the Eastern | 
 Townships. Among other localities we maymention Stukely, ‘ 
 
 Brompton, Oxford and Vaudreuil—Beauce. 
 
 COMBUSTIBLES, ETC. 
 
 Peat.—Humberstone, Wainsfleet, Westmeath, Beckwith, Goulbourn, Glou- 
 cester, Curnberland, Clarence, Plantagenet, Alfred, Caledonia, L’Ori- 
 nal, Osnabruck, Finch, Winchester, Roxburg, Longueuil, St. Hyacinthe, 
 Monnoir, the Seigniory of Rivière du Loup, Rivière Ouelle, Macnider. 
 
 Petroleum.—Mosa and many localities on the Thames, River St. Jean and 
 Ruisseau-Argenté, (Gaspé.) 
 
 Asphallum.—KÆnniskillen. 
 
 3 
 Ê 
 
 
 
+. 
 
 D | 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Commwnicarion or Report... ne. PTE ETES TEE. sécu HET  ORSEN 
 
 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS 
 
 of the Commilee, comprising 
 Prelminary Réport .......:..,...100 Docs ess a ds be es ec 6 «à 
 Regulation of Executive Committee... ÉCRIT OUT + APR : 
 Sub-Committees appointed, ............ 2 SP NT TE 
 Report on Prize Essays......, drsusee essor is ange secs 
 Decision of His Excelleney ......... 4 uses... esse à 
 List of articles forwarded to the Londen Exhibition in°1851,.. ...... 
 Articles transmitted to Paris in 1855.................... ee ua 
 
 RS OT CORRE. à 2 cover utiles 2e RG ES LR 
 DFE ENMNRE Ses à vas ur ose rose TEE es DÉS 
 
 SKETCH OF CANADA. 
 
  Explanation of the Geographical Chart......... CELL PES DEEP ENT 
 
 ,,. … PPT ANVE RTC RER DÉC PAT de tu PAPAS TSI. Ki RER CRE 
 
 10 
 13 
 15 
 17 
 18 
 24 
 43 
 44 
 46 
 48 
 51 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 PAGES 
 L PRELIMINARY REMARKS..,......seess.ees nm. 71 
 
 Importance of Canada.—Boundaries, extent and position of the country.— 
 Parts inhabited.—Navigable Waters.—Tides in the River St. Lawrence. 
 __Natural wealth.—Improvement since 1760.—Arrangement and inten- 
 
 tion of this work. 
 
 IL GKroGRAPHICAL DATA... sors srososene sms se sense rsensee 75 
 
 Divisions of Lower and Upper Canada, or Canada French and Canada 
 English.—Difference between the two sections.—Territorial divisions. 
 —Geographical description of the bwo Countries.—The Gulf and its 
 Islands.—Labrador.—North Coast.—Gaspé—Districts and Counties.— 
 The Saguenay.—Lake St. John.—South Coast.—Quebec.—Three Rivers. 
 Saint Maurice.—St. Francis.-The Richelieu.—Montreal.--The Ottawa. 
 —Bytown or Ottawa City.—Rapids.—Brockville—The Thousand 
 Islands.—Ontario.—Kingston—River Tren'.—Toronto.—Lake Simcoe, 
 —Hamilton.—Niagara.—Lake Erie.—River Detroit—Lake St. Clair.— 
 
 The Thames.—Lake Huron.—Fishing and Mining Stations on Lake 
 
 j 
 : 
 
 Le | Superior. 
 
 h | 
 
 B ! 
 
 ë III. À FEW WORDS ON THE PRINCIPAL PERIODS IN THE Hisrony or CANADA... 85 
 
 Discovery of Canada by Jacques Cartier.—De Roberval.—Champlain founds 
 
 Quebec.—Quebec taken by the English — Canada retaken by the French. 
 
 —Montreal founded.—Colbert’s scheme for colonising New France.— 
 
 Moe- --> 
 
 Civil Government of the Colony.—Ecclesiastical administration.—Edu- 
 cation.— War between the Colonies.—Bravery of the Colonists.—Siege 
 
 of Quebee.—De Frontenac.—D'Iberille.—State of New France in 1721. 
 
 
 
 —Quebec-in 1755.—Successes and reverses.—Defeat of Montcalm.— 
 Victory gained by De Levis.—Capitulation and treaty of cession in 
 1761.—Struggles between the French colonists and English emigrants. 
 _Civil Government of 1774.—American war of independence. —Con- 
 stitution of the year 1791.—War of 1812.—Insurrection of 1837.— 
 
 Present Government. 
 
 4 IV. Puysicac ASPECT OF CANADA, .AND REMARKS ON ITS (GEOLOGY AND METE- 
 
 | DO OMESS StTER Sd 00e 6 806 6 1e ee 
 
 nent ee .. 89 
 
 4 3 Surface of the Country.—Form and character of the Mountains.—Limits of 
 the valley of the St, Lawrence.—Chain of the Laurentides and Appala- 
 chian or Allegany Mountains.—Features of the Country.—Courses of 
 TU the Rivers.—Level of the valley of the St. Lawrence.— North and South 
 Shore.— Principal geological characteristies.—Climate.—Comparative 
 
 temperature.—Canadian Winters.—Meteorological observations. d 
 
 + 
 
 ue 
 DE LL, no x get 
 
 + 
 …s ve 
 EG TS 
 = 
 + 
 
 _. 
 
 
 
 Z 
 , 
 
 
 

 
 457 
 
 ss ee _ 
 ——————— 
 
 
 
 V. NaTuRAL PRODUCTIONS AND MANUFACTURES....,...... EVER ve SEX re 
 
 Productions of the Mineral Kingdom, and the principal locations of their 
 beds, building stone, combustible matters, mineral colours, precious 
 stones, stones capable of vitrification, mineral fertilising substances, 
 precious and other metals.— Productions of the Vegetable Kingdom, 
 
 timbers” for building and other purposes, plants and fruits.—Produc- 
 tions of the Animal Kingdom, beasts, birds, fishes, and cetaceous 
 
 animals. —Manufacturing processes, extraction of the raw material, its 
 
 convertion into articles of consnmption. 
 
 VE Mains OP COMMUNICATION... 28... 4 denses 
 
 Common Roads.—Mail and Telegraphie communications.—Navigation of the 
 St. Lawrence.—Natural obstacles overcome.—St, Lawrence, Lachine, 
 Beauharnois, and Welland Canals.—Best route to the far West.— 
 Rivers Saguenay, Richelieu, Ottawa, and Chambly.—Rideau and Gren- 
 ville Canals.—Slides for rafts.—Burlington and Desjardins Canals — 
 Grand River, Thames and others.—Railways.—St Lawrence Route 
 
 compared with the American Lines of travel. 
 
 VIL Porxricaz AND Crvix AROILID TI ONDNUR ÜANADE, .. ,. 2643 0 « su 
 
 Constitution of Canada.— Executive power.—Legislative power.—Enactment 
 Of Laws.—Duties of the Legislative Bodies.—Elective principle.—Com- 
 position of Executive Council, Assemblies, Recesses.—Prorogations and 
 Dissolutions of the Houses.—Administration of Justice in Canada East, 
 or French Canada.—In Canada Weat.—Education.—Superintendent of 
 Education.—School Funds.—Management of School Revenue.—Univer- 
 sities.—Colleges.—Clergy.—Local Municipalities.—Roads.—Reference 
 
 to several subjects in the following chapter. 
 
 VIIL.-—Srarisrics AND GENERAL INFORMATION... nn anne teens vonhosres 
 
 NoLe.—(1.) Census of Population—By origin ; by religion; by sections of 
 the Province; population of chief towns; remarks ; comparative table; 
 number of lunatics; statistics of Provincial Penitentiary; census of 
 
 " professions, trades, &e. (2.) Agricultural census, and of land owned 
 and under cultivation; partition of real estate; division of fields; an- 
 pual produce of land ; number of cattle: aggregate value of produce; 
 market value of agricultural produce in 1851: comparison with the 
 United States. (8.) Statistics of Education—Universities ; colleges: 
 schools; number of pupils; elergy. (4.) Public Works—Light houses : 
 wbarves ; canals, slides ; roads and bridges ; cost of these works; report 
 on them ; tow boats ; railroads. (5.) Finances of the Country—Revenue 
 
 and its sources ; comparative statement ; Provincial ledger. (6.) Trade— 
 
 PAG3 
 98 
 
 101 
 
 110 
 
 117 
 
 
 
 
 
458 
 
 
 
 
 
 PAG3 
 Business of the ports; value of imports and exports; principal articles 
 of importation and exportation ; ship building ; banks ; insurance com- 
 panies. (7.) Various details—Local taxes; postage ; cirrency ; price 
 of houses; fares by steamboat and saïling vessels from Europe to 
 Quebec. 
 CoNCLUSION .,,...,......... ACT ET PILE PES AN TIITS VENL ATTEINTE LI TI. 143 
 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 
 Brief sketch of the Canadian Exhibition. .....,............. 149 
 1st Class, mineral productions .......,....,.....s.s.se. +. ,153 
 1st Division ..... | CE |, VE dr 1 Ps SR sos 250 sé: 5 ‘ 160 
 8x: Agricultural productiofis - ... 2... 6.080008 168 
 tn Cia Goneral mechanion 4 uses du sn secovenes ee 172 
 We 5th ‘“ ati NAS mnt mi uees PA" 172 
 PM Divisions h Articles relating to carriages 
 6th “  Apparatus for workshops ...,.......,.emsecse 173 
 bé “  Apparatus for weaving, &e ........smeressese 176 
 { 8th Class, Instruments relating to the exact sciences ......... 174 
 9th “ Instruments connected with employment of heat, 
 8rd Division .... COR RL. sous cédant ès déniars 175 
 10th “ Chemical productions .,.....,...ss.sesesssse tac JET 
 11th “ Preparation of articles of food ......,.... HS dass . 181 
 12th Clsss, Hygiene pharmacy, &e. .............. Dre .. 184 
 4th Division ....418th “ Naval and military science. ........... Vénas es 186 
 14th “ Building architecture ....,.......... sed s etre DUT 
 { 16th Class, Steel and its products ...... sé csesses ee ee 189 
 sth Divisi | Et. 6 Ù ; ; See ANNE 189 
 | NF t11tth « Goldsmithe work, jewellery, &e.......:......:.... 189 
 Éd 20H88 Sn DOUEONT és eemterssnmesc pires er 190 
 * 20th Class, Woollen manufactures. ....... RENE D ASE SE MTS 192 
 6th Division ....4 + 22nd “  Flax and hemp manufactures, .,........,...,.. 193 
 23rd #..Hosiéry enibroiderp, &c..:, 6888205: co 008.0 193 
 [ 24th Class, Furniture and decorations . ....s...s....es«. RENTREE à 
 AS OO COLIN M0. sonner 60500 e 197 
 th Division ... «À 7 : gd 
 26th ,,. Printing, Bookbinding, &e....., PRES PRES STE MT 200 
 AS BUS Li LE RO I Te 201 
 
 
 
 * The nineteenth class related to cotton manufactures, none of which were exhibited, 
 
 + The twenty-firet class related to silk manufactures, 
 
 
 
= 
 
 tre” | PAGE 
 Sth Division ==. ha Class, FAN Engraving ........ savane delire. 209 
 Remark respecting Canadian artists. ............. ÉSARSS des des 202 
 Conclusion ......... NE RESTES UE! RE Pen cuososss. 208 
 OBSERVATIONS ON THE EXHIBITION. 
 En ee SA RARE Ad nee A ne UT ce sdrs else nssss DU 
 FIRST SERIES. 
 Æxhibition of the Fine Arts. 
 Number of exhibitors. ....... RAR RER Re NT TR CR ... 210 
 Number of prizes obtained .......,.,.,......... ÉS ed x « EU 
 Characteristies of the different schools ....,............. « 210 
 French school, FRE res eg e care RS ES Er EL ns 218 
 Sculpture. ...... eus 0 0 0 0e surere ne de ere ES PTS ET us és é 216 
 Other branches." pe RE 7 217 
 German sehoo!, Painting ….sts ete es ap + 217 
 SOUPE reve mue DER LR RRTEE de MR 218 
 Belgian school, Painting... , LEPREN CITES Te ed RC NDS TT SR SLT 219 
 SOS as one nn CS p'tit ss 219 
 ÆEnglish school, Painting .. ondes ue 23 DUR à 6 à à à « 220 
 Other branches . ............ dun, dal abs he mA 220 
 CORDON van ae à eu à sa ec CSG T SUR 0 221 
 SECOND SERIES. 
 
 Visit to the Industrial Exhibition. .,,....,,............. d RARES 0 4 0 20 0 228 
 Comparative importance ôf Exhibition of 1855... RAS sole à 228 
 Number of exhibitors from each COPY à à 5. de CT SAUT S 0 0 à 0 0 à 224 
 First class premiums, 1851 ....,...... End d Er ENS Pébaes vite 225 
 First. class premiums, 1855... RE 226 
 Number of visite it Ac si RC NÉ 226 
 Centre of the nave...….. FRS SRE as RP É SL  ETE AU e Ure 227 
 Lateräl portions of the nage . 1.1... ae 2381 
 Exhibition of Saxony, Prussia, and Austria ......... .. oser. 291 
 Exhibition of Belgium, United States, and France sé var us 232 
 Exhibition of England and France ........ PORN Le so... 233 
 
 Exhibition of France ........,........ Msn tt RES RE s 
 
 se nee 
 
 * We sent nothing in the two last classes of sculpture and architecture. 
 
 
 

 
 —— Reis 
 PAGE 
 Cireuit of the nave, Exhibition of Saxony, Baden, Prussia ,,.......,.. 236 
 Exhibition of Prussia ........4.,6... PRE TRE D 2 287 
 Exhibition of Austria....,....., SAP PR Re ja 38 238 
 Axhibitäon of Belgium... seu sis sieste ste soossosasssecs. DEV 
 Exhibition of United States, France... ...ssssssss.sossssssses 241 
 | Éxhibition.of England css ass since tunusktenss sis des . 242 
 Hahibition of Franoë ss: sioniste SUR TN RES ET UT 243 
 Under the galleries, first avenue, Exhibition of France. ............... 251 
 Exhibition of the German States .......,...... se. .sesccses 252 
 Exhibition of France and United States ...................... 259 
 Exhibition of the United Kingdom .......................... 253 
 RL CR RS = SES NS EL res ac LUE er 254 
 Under the galleries near the wall, Exhibition of France. ........... secs ‘200 
 Exhibition of the German States .. see. 257 
 Exhibition of Prussia ...,......... sv ssvrin ds d Jinfos dc l: 257 
 | PRMPIUION OÙ AMIS a te Ds cod ue cad ie LE 258 
 47 FAIR DE Délices sache ME) Co 259 
 LE Exhibition of the United States, ..... sus uese deoceuerese ee 259 
 | ! | Exhibition of the United PEU sn 0e: se sms de Ce 259 
 | ; PU DER TIMORUE  T nr elTn LUN sa Coe CS TE 260 
 | The galleries, Exhibition of France, .................... ÉRNNTesx 6 es 263 
 Exhibition of the United Kingdom....…...,................. 263 
 Exhibition of the East Indies...,............ Nos 265 
 | MEDIDITON OL AUBDPATA ES 2080 ce coco une «à dti RS DAS 266 
 ! Exhibition of Egypt, Tunis, and Turkey ..........,......... . 266 
 Exhibition of China and Greece ... see eee... 267 
 Exhibition of Tuscany and Sardinia ......................... 267 
 MAMIOUDR CE -FAnOS 5,502» UT otueutal AAA 268 
 Exhibition of Portugal and Spain, . seu cesse cesse. 269 
 Exhibition of Switzerland... , 4 424 ue lisser se ieteccee 269 
 Exhibition of Holland and Denmark ... ss. 270 
 Exhibition of the Zollverein. ...... MEET I TT ER EU 4 PRO 270 
 Exhibition of Prussia, Austria, and Belgium ....... POTCE 25 ET 
 Exhibition of Spanish America. . . es secs RTL 271 
 | The panorama, French furniture ............... RETENU PR TES k 273 
 | Ra parents te se à ee a AR SVT Ce 2178 
 4 French nid id ailrer platé.. :........ uses cosesese PRES. |: | 
 | ND Ole e ce coosve orcossecs ce Léa Les 2738 
 qurlt French clocks ....,...... ns. .… 2178 
 ; Tlustrations of natural history. .,,............ vastes da NT 273 
 | French agricultural exhibition ....,............... CRE ESTTTT 274 
 EUR Gallery of cheap articles ...., LUC DAS TIT ER PAIE TR . 214 
 : \ 
 ie 
 
dal e— 
 
 Le 
 
 ue 
 
 RE 
 
 — Les a 
 it + A ire Pt Nm RER RS ARE LE : 
 —— — 
 mo me > À d NE + ES 
 ne emma — 
 
 
 
 Annexe du bord-de-l'eau, Exhibition of British colonies . ....... res “5 
 Exhibitions of various countries . PR N RS RN En E ter 276 
 Exhibitions of French colonies . CP RARE des DE 277 
 Exhibitions of France and Golonies. me ee 277 
 Canadian section ....... Ne FFT PRE RE à ss 2178 
 Exhibition of the United States... .. ....... Arret Es ss 280 
 DU . 280 
 Exhibition of Tuscany States of the Chureh...,,............ 281 
 “RbIdOn Of FOrtubAl SAMIR: ed 281 
 
 Exhibition of Turkey db ade Fas db ua ibn sosenscs see DB 
 
 Exhibition of Grecce, Switzerland... terasse ses ses ass sas ses convses DBZ 
 
 Exhibition of Holland, Denmark TRÈS 
 
 RL RLLETETT TT TT TT 282 
 
 Exhibition of Sweden and Norway QUE EE CE CEPRCEENNEENEEUSEeE RENE NS OT 
 
 Exhibition of German States, Prussia rive 283 
 Exhibition of Austria, Belgiom si" A REUS À Des? 288 
 
 Exhibition of France and colonies 
 
 Exhibition of machinery in motion ....…. 
 
 Set denis rite vatas dre 283 
 L MARLLLLZILIII 285 
 
 THIRD SERIES. 
 
 STUDIES OF 
 
 THE CLASSES. 
 
 1st Division, Natural products. nes a Pa de no 0 pee Va e ss a dre gone danser 296 
 
 2nd « MERCI T cr srvve vs aamaar er ure ss notatagane han den cp 803 
 8rd . Physical and chemical DUO. ares au naans sed pen Trans US 811 
 4th - Industries relating to the sciences... dass cène 819 
 5th # Manufactures of mineral RROAUOHOËS. Le + 829 
 6th a Manufacture of tissues tesssosesessoosesss BBA 
 fth 4 Furniture decorations, &c. sense nes ennnes see ces soccrnecsee 338 
 3184 Class, (additional), cheap articles son ten sets sos v8 8 d08 se 845 
 
 FOURTH SERIES. 
 
 EXHIBITION OF 
 
 BREEDING ANIMALS. 
 
 FORTE COR ONS Sc D © UN PRE TRE 847 
 
 Finsr Crass; Black cattle ee sonnssssoéssnesesossssocenssise : SO 
 1st Section, Animals of breeds foreign to France... _ 8349 
 
 Z2n4 _“ Frenolt DUO ns Sc RER 850 
 
 
 

 
 #à- 
 
 par ge 
 
 TAECRETT 
 
 RE éme + 
 
 OUT CNRS 
 
 = DE 
 
 épars y vise Lt 
 
 A 
 ss 
 
 EE ET 
 
 Sgoonp CLASS. 
 
 1st Section, Foreign animals ......s.ssss svséifpidets dede hdsslts ces se ee 
 
 2nd 
 
 [44 
 
 French animals ......ssisotasdotss{ts ossi ié ln sie 
 
 Trarp CLass; Pigs............…. cesse pértaé inner asnéisoéedhéenibé ide sdés es sos 
 1st Section, Foreign breeds..........…....... rss atitont il taiO ie rertssss 
 
 2nd 
 
 « 
 
 French breeds ss hicditétinss. tes sua dos dv tel 
 
 FourTH CLASS ; Goats, &e PTLTTITIIIIIIITETIIT TE RO 0 D nn nn ent tonnes sssses 
 
 Furra CLass; Poultry..ssssssssssnesssoseses ses enaueus ua less sise 
 
 RECAPITULATION OF PREMIUMS AWARDED. 
 
 DR. sesves notre nn descente sors eos vos npé sn esseritae ban sos. os . 
 1st Class, Mining and Metallurgy Lenlcrenxte sed atnés daGbeisssestaa 
 DR TL TROT ranhannenttess tent 4 tonmintiie stone lé rai das ces is 
 PR A soma tata s dis senaié ee ledas ess cos see 
 Ath “ General Mechanism... ses HN hs cssatcsss 
 5th “ Special mechanism éié sréées alé ésse se ses 
 Gi": L'ÉDecI MOCRANISM +... usssersrsntre vboesmenssessr ete NI RS 
 D CT NE M il ae nes raisnss/nvssdosdest 2 
 Bth "OI INSTEUMERÉS :, 0 cscresr chien sen ces sons soso d 000080 a0 ete 
 9th “ Instruments connected with the employment of heat and cold. 
 100 "TT OROMIONl DOUCHE ss esesciliicsesde to Ne ere 
 lith “ Preparation of articles of fo0d....... css sos ses tétesssees 
 Foth : “  :"Hlygtens and Médine sentir Nat iite 
 13th “ Naval and military science …. 
 1äth *“ Building, ArehICOOLUre, Ds rerresssssssroscisne sut server sate ses 
 15th “ Steel and its products.......sssssssosss ses sonoscssosnonnesseseosonson ses 
 100 : 7 OP ReNL MEL WOPR Tr docteionssdiunessres ete atictie trio 
 LD 7" OOIONNURS MO A li eusasasie nets ave ture Tres Re cas 
 18th “ Glass and pottery...........sssesssssnssns ses ssomsoccuss. 000060 0pn 00 
 LOUR " - - OOLOR MAMMIMOUUPON seeds ses sosnonsouce covcssvsod se csvespens 
 SOU 1 ON O0 DO NOMRM rssensrannerdener co cuen pneus osé Mis 
 218t ‘“ Silk manufactures ..............ssss PAPER nest 
 22nd “ Linen and hemp manufactures... séries see 
 28rd “  Hosiery, embroidery, &G....ss.sssssssersessososssss vos o evovonorerenneee 
 Sith “ Furniture and decoration ..…… Éssesens ARRETE VE TRS 
 * obth “ Articles of ClOthINg sssssosssssosonres soon ose soso 606066 666266004000 ’ 
 SOU 2 7 PPIMURT MR Reise then ans e av ie e dos 60 66000 0 voa vos as 006 66e 
 2fth “ Musical instruments... Pier nssesseiveneesssicestrirseséstens . 
 ExCEPTIONAL PREMIUMS. se ss ssnsssssosossssssssee (ossi honore sue is. Sort detente tea ves 
 81st Class, cheap articles ..............,...., Mises SKEZSSS ICS sstét ee ÉVITE TETE T es 
 RO TN RP Res 5 ses probe ss den à à à du 0 due 08 ea 0 00 64e CL T RR ST ET au 
 
 
 
 851 
 852 
 352 
 352 
 353 
 353 
 358 
 
 355 
 356 
 357 
 859 
 360 
 361 
 862 
 364 
 365 
 866 
 867 
 568 
 369 
 370 
 371 
 313 
 814 
 375 
 376 
 377 
 378 
 379 
 380 
 880 
 382 
 883 
 585 
 386 
 387 
 
 888 
 
 889 
 

 
 REPORT OF SIR WILLIAM LOGAN, 
 À 
 
 COMMISSIONER FROM CANADA, 
 
 Medals sent to the Honorable the Provincial Sera y... du: e 
 Last OF CANADIAN PR1ZE DRCIPTENTS, un éiisaage sr son dont ss dé N 
 STATEMENT SHEWING HOW ARTICLES EXHIBITED WE£RE FINALLY DISPOSED O7... 
 Statement of monies received from sale of articles exhibéted. ss dos ; 
 GEOLOGICAL SKETCH OF CANADA. 
 RE nr te RER EN CO tes déétetss véiaecsis 
 rene qu enr nee EU 
 II. The Laurentian LE Ed ERP RNAURE TEE EP re onass asc as silos 
 III, The Cambrian or Huronian system... estate don Tres ego as cecs 
 IV. The Palæszoic rocks... ses “caves dose ris LL LE EE PCPEERENNENNNNN 
 V. The Western basin.…...… ns ee sévstistes ess shesrias Désesés his 
 Fe Te Este Had... 
 VII. Metamorphic rocks... se rénbu css viveère Ste slétésrer rs de 
 VIII. Superfcial DOME dem risas ne de LUE ODA EEE T TT E UT PP ONDES 
 IX. Mineral waters... the Of Qi ussrnriianee nn 
 Z. Northern basin.…............ LL LP NN PU RTE 
 Catalogue of the economic minerals of Canada... PAR Pr en à 
 
 PAGE 
 
 891 
 893 
 899 
 406 
 
 
 

 
 PRINTED 
 
 B Y 
 
 TORONTO: 
 
 JOHN LOVELL, 
 
 
 
 YONGE 
 
 _ "5 
 
 STREET. 
 
 
 
 ti —————— A 
 “ 
 
Le Gta 
 
 . 
 
 D à 
 
 dm PE 
 
 
 
om. és : 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 Lada S'upirer vs situated. 
 
 
 
 us _ Worth of this taritory Here rs situated the Great Lake Histasson 
 re — : à _ _ 2 2 
 
 
 
 M À P 
 OF 
 
 CANADA 
 
 RS 
 
 | 
 | 
 1 
 | 
 | 
 G Matthews Luüho: Mon eat | - 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 
 a ne 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 re n 
 ÉD LAKRE HU R ONE 
 FR S ARTS > \ 
 
 
 
 \t A 
 
 eut L 
 1 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 \ 
 à 
 
 (Ne: 
 
 
 
 } 
 
 
 
 æ 
 
 
 
 STATE OF MAINE 
 
 
 
 s '# g à h Le » \ 
 | ; 4 _… Le : 
 ds . e k : | sa 
 
 w 
 

 

 
 
 dés ait 774 7 4: 
 
 _ T800 G1C2 SR 1856 Blackdr 
 | Canada. Executive committe 
 
 N Canada at the Universal 
 
 E | exhibition of 1855 
 
 
 
 E. 2 
 
 em me Vo to 
 
  ialrei EE 0 CET 
 
 
 
 
CECI 
 
 . 
 
 Par 
 
 PR EE 
 
 AT OUU f 
 
 “ 
 
 1 2h 
 
 . 
 + 
 
 4 
 : 
 
 LL LL be | 
 
 LE 
 
 se mer me 
 
 es mp 
 ns mm 
 
 Ë 
 F 
 4 
 ; 
 
 ; H 
 
 D Ltd à tam 1 
 
 me me 
  Dribsiées 
 
 tar 
 
 MIT