No. ,4vS 5 J \ m . MONTREAL. Received m A DISTANCES & COURSES, ON LAKES , ERIE, HURON, $ MICHIGAN , FROM ACTUAL OBSERVATION. LAKE ERIE. From Buffalo to Point Abino, ...... Point Abino to Presqu’isle, . . . • . Presqu’isle to Cayahoga, ..... Cayahoga to Middle Island, course W. S Middle island to Bar Point, course N. W. Bar Point to Detroit, ....... Lake Michigan unfathomable. FromNew-York to Albany, . . . Albany to Plattsburgh, Fort St. John, Montreal, . . Trois Rivers, . Quebec, . * . . Niagara Falls, Ogdensburgh, . Sackett’s Harbour, Slfr >*•3 g H 5 fD “ S3T ® “ CD B ? T a- o 1 1 s g g , 2* p p © ere oo n n * r -B 253 SS5 From Bar Point to Fort Malden, 3 miles. — Lake Erie is about 13 fathoms deep—18 fathoms at Detroit. LAKE HURON. From Detroit to the St. Clair Rapids, course, gen¬ erally, N. From St. Clair to Point le Barques, course N. \ W. Le Barques to Thunder Bay Islands, course > N. N, W. good harbour for ships. 5 From Thunder Bay to Middle Island, Do. . . . Middle Island to Presqu’isle, course N. W. . Presqu’isle to Bois Blanklsland, course W.N.W. 40 Bois Blank Island to Mackinack, course W.*S. 18 314 Lake Huron unfathomable. LAKE MICHIGAN. From Mackinack to Point Warbarance, a W. course, 25 thence to Manitou Island, course S. W. by S. TO thence to Chicago, course S. by W. . • • 205 300 hj York. £ © a » % 3 s 1-1 © g rc w w 57 9 a- g =3 0 East-south-east. fA id csv O- S W W ^ CD r- vO ? cw* ^ S. 5 £ g,g East by north. 00 csv p rt- CD" ^ gr ? g S West-south-west. 00 o © © © CSV CD UQ 1 i 1 5 g 1 East by south $ south. fA © © id HA © IV ? sr cd ® 2. j« 5 - O p r S’ S 2 A o East by north | north. id © Cl H* CO © id © id X CO HA © © a % z. 5 * Z p " * 2 cw w o South-south-east | east. OS © h* © CSV X CSV X © ►a id CSV id © id 5 P I, 3* p - » s S? S 8 * South-west and by west % west. HA <* so id NJ Csv id © o © © id © © X X HA HA X « cr CD s ? 3 d a & 2 hi South and by west \ west. 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CO CO l-A co l*A X i HA © © id X id X © HA s X © HA © Ha HA © Csv 4a <1 © HA 4A a © i.r\ HA © HA i M l *5 O 50 W i s* ►3* W p d »T3 3 « CO t* p > SJ O i p* < n 2 ? g 3 © r & 3 g Cu * CD u o P o pt' W c M 3- OD U.. jsr - § at P* . § » GAZETTEER OF THE PROVINCE OF UPPER' C*4N*HM! TO WHICH IS ADDED, AN APPENDIX, DESCRIBING THE principal totws, fortifications and rivers IN -OWW)®- NEW-YORK.: PUBLISHED BT PRIOR AND DUNNING, NO. Ill water-street. Pelsve & Gould, Print. 1813. — I ! ! i i f DISTANCES & COURSES, ON LAKES, ERIE, HURON, $ MICHIGAN, FROM ACTUAL OBSERVATION. LAKE ERIE. Miles. From Buffalo to Point Abino, 9 Point Abino to Presqu’isle,.70 Presqu’isle to Cayahoga, ....... 75 Cayahoga to Middle Island, course W. S. W. 40 Middle Island to Bar Point, course N. W. . . 36 Bar Point to Detroit,.23 253 From Bar Point to Fort Malden, 3 miles. - Lake Erie is about 13 fathoms deep—18 fathoms at Detroit. LAKE HURON. From Detroit to the St. Clair Rapids, course, gen-> ~ erally, N. 5 From St. Clair to Point le Barques, course N. \ W. 80 Le Barques to Thunder Bay Islands, course > N. N. W. good harbour for ships. y From Thunder Bay to Middle Island, Do. ... 15 Middle Island to Presqu’isle, course N. W. . 19 Presqu’isle to Bois BlankTsland, course W.N.W. 40 Bois Blank Island to Mackinack, course W. \ S. 18 314 Lake Huron unfathomable. - LAKE MICHIGAN. From Mackinack to Point Warbarance, a W. course, 25 thence to Manitou Island, course S. W. by S. 70 thence to Chicago, course S. by W. . . • 205 300 Lake Michigan unfathomable. - From New-York to Albany,.165 Albany to Plattsburgh,.171 Fort St. John,.209 Montreal,.230 Trois Rivers,.320 Quebec, . • . . . . . - . 4*0° Niagara Falls,.320 Ogdensburgh,.212 Sackett’s Harbour, .... 180 respectively, as for example :— From Osweigatchie to Detroit is 412 miles, the former bearing east by north i north, the latter south-west and west | west, from York. From London to York is 107 miles, on a course west-south-west. A GAZETTEER OF THE JPMOVINC1E OW UJPJP1EM • •' .. .... * '• ... . .... . .. . . ... , GAZETTEER. A. Abino Creek, in the county of Lincoln, empties it¬ self into lake Erie, in the township of Bertie, at the head of the bay, east of Point Abino. Abino Point , in the township of Bertie, on lake Erie, is nine or ten miles west of Fort Erie. Addington County, is bounded on the east by the county of Frontenac, on the south by lake Ontario, to the westernmost boundary of the late tow nship of Er¬ nest Town; and on the west by the township of Fred- ericksburgh, running north 31 degrees w est, until it meets the Ottaw a or Grand River, and thence descend¬ ing that river, until it meets the north-w esternmost, boundary of the county of Frontenac; this county comprehends all the islands nearest to it. Adolphus Town is situated in the bay of Quinte; it is bounded southerly, westerly and northerly, by the waters of the bay; and easterly by the township of Frederickshurgh, in the midland district. The courts of general quarter sessions of the peace are holden here annually, the second Tuesday in January and July. Aldborough Township, in the county of Suffolk, lies to the w r est of Dunwich; it is washed by the Thames on the north, and by lake Erie on the south. Alempignon Lake lies to the northward of lake Su¬ perior, and between it and the mountains which bound the Hudson’s Bay Company, and New South Wales to the southward. It contains several small islands, and is about the size of lake NipissiDg. ATO Alfred Township, in the county of Glengary, is the third township in ascending the Ottawa river. Alnwick Township, in the county of Northumber¬ land, lies in the rear and north of Haldimand. Alumets les, on the Ottawa river, above the Rapids, which are higher than riviere du Nord. Alured Cape, in the township of Clarke, north side of lake Ontario. Ameliasburgli Township, m the county of Prince Edward, is the westernmost township of that county, bounded by the carrying place, which leads from the head of the bay of Quinte to lake Ontario, and is washed by the waters of the bay and the lake. Amherst Island, in the county of Ontario, formerly called Isle Tonti, contains about 16,000 acres ; it lies opposite to Ernest town and part of Fredericksburgh, in lake Ontario, towards the entrance of the bay ol ^Amikoues, river of the, runs into lake Huron from the north shore, east of the Missassaga river. Ancaster Township lies to the southward of Duu- das-street, and is bounded on the east by Barton and Glanford. Angousoka River, now called the Shannon, empties itself into the bay of Quinte. Annequionchecom Lake, one of the lakes on the communication between the Rice lake and lake Sim- Ann’s St. Island, in lake Superior, lies to the south¬ ward of Isle Hocquart. Apostles, the Twelve, lie off the southern cape, which makes West bay, in lake Superior. Appanee River, running through the front of the township of Camden, divides Fredericksburgh from Richmond, and empties itself into the bay of Quinte, at the Mohawk settlement. Atokas, or Tobicoak River runs into lake Ontario, west of York and the river Humber. The mouth of this river is the boundary between the Missassaga lands and the East Riding of the county of York. It is how generally called the Etobreake. BAT Attica Bay, on the south side of the Ottawa river, in Monsieur de Longueiul’s seigniory, at the mouth of the river of the same name. Attica, River au, runs into the Ottawa river, in Monsieur de Longueiul’s seignory. Augusta Township, in the county of Grenville, is the eighth township in ascending the river St. Law¬ rence. B. Bachouanan River, empties itself into the easterly part of lake Superior, about half way between the falls 5 of St. Mary and Red River. '■ Barbue Point, on the river St. Lawrence, about a “ mile and a half above the lower end of the fourth township. 11 Barbue River, now called the Orwell. Baril, Isles du, in the river St. Lawrence, lie in '• front of the township of Elizabeth Town. ^ Baril, Pointe au, on the river St. Lawrence, above Osweigatchie, and higher than the ship-yards. es Barque, Isle de la, is a small island in lake Ontario, lying rather further out, and near the Isle de Quinte i e Barrier Point, the west point, where the river Pe- i- tite Nation empties itself into the Ottawa. Barton Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies li- west of Saltfleet, and fronts Burlington hay. Bass Cove, in Adolphus-town, hay of Quinte, lies K) northward of Perch Cove. Bass Island, in the hay of Quinte, lies off, near to he the townplot, in Adolphus-town. im Bass Islands, a group of islands at the west end of te, lake Erie, situated between the Western Sister and Cunningham’s Island. cio, Bastard Township lies in the rear, and to the north- i of ward of Lansdown and Leeds. mdf Batteau Island , in the river St. Lawrence, above now Bearded Island. BLA Batture Grand, on the Ottawa river, below the Portage du Chene. Bearded Island, in the river St. Lawrence, above lake St. Francis. Beaucharnois Isle, in the north-easterly part of lake Superior, not a great way from the shore, and east¬ ward of Isle Hocquart. Beaver Creek rises in the township of Caistor, and running through part of Gainsborough, empties itself into the Welland, to which river it runs close, and nearly parallel, for almost four miles, before it dis¬ charges itself into the river. Beaver Creek, in the township of Humberstone, runs into lake Erie, west of Row’s Point. Beaver Creek runs into lake Superior, on the north side, between river Aupie and river Rouge. Beaver River, empties itself into the Narrows, a little below the Falls of St. Mary’s, running from north to south. Belle River runs into lake St. Clair, to the eastward of river aux Puces, and is navigable for boats some way up. Bertie Toienship, on the west side of Niagara river, in the county of Lincoln; it lies south of Willoughby, and open to lake Erie. Beverly Township, in the West Riding of the county of York, lies west of Flamborough, on Dundas- street. Biche, Marais a la, empties itself into lake Ontario, at the north east part of the township of Grantham. Binbrook Township, in the county of Lincoln, is situated between Saltileet, Glandford and Caistor. Black Bay, on the north shore of lake Superior, lies a little east of Isle de Minatte, and west of Shan- guenac. Black Creek, in the county of Lincoln, discharges itself into the river Niagara, in the township of Wil¬ loughby, some miles above Chippewa. Blandford , Township, in the West Riding of the county of York, lies to the northward of Dundas- street, adjoining Oxford, on the river Thames. BUR Blenheim Township, in the West Riding of the county of York, lies to the northward of Dundas-street, opposite Burford. Bodet, Pointe au, on the north shore of lake St. Francis, is in Monsieur de Longueiul’s seigniory, and a little to the east of the cove, in which is the boundary between the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. Bodet, Jiiver au, runs through part of the township of Lancaster, and empties itself into lake St. Francis, east of Pointe au Bodet. Bois Blanc Island. This island lies east of Rocky Island (in the strait between lake Erie and lake St. Clair) hut a little loAver down, and close in with the east shore; it contains from 150 to 200 acres of good land ; but little or no marsh; it is covered with wood, chiefly white wood, and is not as yet improved. The common ship channel is between it and the east shore, which is narrow, and forms the best harbour in this country. From the situation of this island, it entirely commands the Detroit river, from lake Erie; at its upper end appear to be good situations for water¬ mills. A wider ship channel is on the west side of the island, but not so much frequented. Bonne Chere, Riviere de la, runs into the Ottawa river above the river Matavaaschie, west of the Ra- deau. Bowen’s Creek runs into the bay of Quinte, just be¬ low the Mohawk settlement, and near to John’s island. Brant’s Village, or the Moliawk village, Grand river. Burford Township, in the western district, lies be¬ tween Windham and Dundas-street. Burgess Township lies to the northward of the township of Bastard. Burlington Bay, a very beautiful small lake, lying within the head of lake Ontario, from which it is divid¬ ed by a long beach; over the outlet has been erected a good bridge; and on the southern part of the beach, near the portage, is a good inn. CAN C. Cabot’s Head, is a very large promontory running into lake Huron, west of Gloucester, or Matchedash bay, and embays a large part of that lake at its east¬ ernmost extremity, stretehing itself towards the Mani- tou islands. Caistor Townshijp, in the county of Lincoln, lies between Binbrook and Gainsborough, and is water¬ ed by the river Welland. Grand Calumet, on the Ottawa river, on the south side, above the Portage de Montagne. Calumet, Point au, on lake Superior, on the north shore, the first point west of river du Chene, between Avhich places the coast, consisting of perpendicular rocks, is dangerous. Cambridge Township, in the county of Stormont, lies to the south, and in the rear of Clarence, Camden East, the toAvnship of, in the midland dis¬ trict, lies northerly of Ernest-town. Camden Township, in the county of Kent, called also Camden West, lies on the north side of the river Thames, opposite to Howard. Canada, or the province of Quebec* By the Royal Proclamation of the 7th of October, 1763, this province Avas bounded on the east by the river St. John, and from thence, by a line drawn from the head of that river through lake St. John, to the south end of lake Nipissing; from whence the line, crossing the river St. Lawrence and lake Champlain in the 45th parallel of north latitude, passes along the high lands which divide the rivers that empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence, from those which fall into the sea; and also along the north coast of the Baye de Chaleurs, and the coast of the Gulf of St. LaAvrence to Cape Rosiers; and from thence, crossing the mouth of the river St. LaAvrence, by the west end of the island of Anticosti, terminates at the river St. John. An Act of Parliament passed in 1774? has removed the northern and western limits of the province of Quebec, adding to its jurisdiction all the lands com¬ prised between the northern hounds of New-York, the western line of Pennsylvania, the Ohio, the Mis¬ sissippi, and the southern boundaries of Hudson’s Bay Company. Canada, Upper, commences at a stone boundary on the north bank of the lake St. Francis, at the cove west of Pointe au Bodet, in the limit between the township of Lancaster and the seigniory of New Longueiul, running along the said limit in the direction of north 34 degrees west, to the westernmost angle of the seign¬ iory of New Longueiul; thence alongthe north-western boundary of the seigniory of Yaudreuil, running north 25 degrees east until it strikes the Ottawa river, and ascends by it into lake Timmiskamian; and from the head of that lake by a line drawn due north, until it strikes the boundary line of Hudson’s Bay, including all the territory to the westward and southward of the said line, to the utmost extent of the country known by the name of Canada. Upper Canada is divided into Eastern, Midland Home and Western Districts, and subdivided into nineteen Counties, viz. 1. Glengary, 2. Stormont, 3. Dundas, 4. Grenville, 5. Leeds, 6. Frontenac, 7- Ontario, consisting of the islands in the Lake of that name, 8. Addington, 9. Lenox, 10. Prince Edward, These Counties are divided into Townships, ordi¬ narily, of 9 by 12 miles. They send 16 representa¬ tives to the Provincial Parliament, who, w ith a Legis 11. Hastings, 12. Northumberland, 13. Durham, 14. York, consisting of two Hidings, 15. Lincoln, consisting of four Ridings, 16. Norfolk, 17- Suffolk, 18. Essex, 19. Kent, CAN lative Council, are called together once every year. The representatives are elected for four years, to serve in the Assembly, unless the Parliament be sooner dis¬ solved by the person administering the government. The land in the townships adjoining the St. Law¬ rence, is, for the most part, fertile, and under as high a state of cultivation as can be expected from the time it has been settled; the first improvements being made since the peace of 1783, w hen all was in a state of liature, and heavily timbered. There are now between 30 and 40 mills in the ex¬ tent mentioned, on this river, the most remarkable of which are on the Gananoque. Good roads have been opened, and bridges w ell constructed; some of them over wet lands, and the mouths of creeks and rivers of very considerable extent; and the first settlers have been able,, by their very great industry, to erect com¬ fortable houses. In the rear of the townships, on the St. Lawrence, are upwards of twenty others, in which, settlements have commenced, to the southward of the Ottawa or Grand river, which many of them front; others are w r ell supplied by the waters of the Radeau, and river Petite Nation, with the Gananoque lakes and streams, all of which afford abundance of situations for mills. These rivers, like most others in Canada, abound in carp, sturgeon, perch and cat-fish; the ponds affording green and other turtle, with fish of various sorts. The lands in their vicinity are differently timbered, accord¬ ing to their quality and situation. The dry lands, which are generally high, bear oak and hickory; the low grounds produce w^alnut, ash, poplar, cherry, sy¬ camore, beech, maple, elm, &c. and in some places there are swamps full of cedar and cypress. The banks of most of the creeks abound in fine pine timber, and the creeks themselves afford in general good seats for saw mills; materials for building are readily procured. The heads of the rivers Radeau and Petite Nation, communicate by short portages, or carrying-places, CAT with the waters which fall into the St. Lawrence, and promise to afford great advantages to all kinds of in¬ land communication. The forks of the Radeau, about which are the townships of Oxford, Marlborough and Gower, promise to be, at some future period, an em¬ porium for interior commerce. The birch canoes, which go to the north-west conn* h'v, pass up the Ottawa river with merchandize, and return with peltries. All the townships on the north side of lake Onta¬ rio, are well watered by small streams, at the mouths of which are ponds, and low land capable of being drained and converted into meadows. The number of inhabitants in 1806 was 80,000, composed chiefly of emigrants from New-England and New-Jersey. Canada, Lower. See Appendix. Canard’s River empties itself into the Detroit River at the Huron corn-fields, somewhat below Fighting Island. About four miles up this river are excellent mill seats, to which loaded boats can go. There is a fine limestone quarry in the rear of the corn-fields, nearly in the centre of the Huron reserve. Canise Island, in the north-east part of lake Simcoe. Cardinal, Pointe an, on the river St. Lawrence, lower down than Point Gallo, in Edwardshurgh. Carleton Island lies near to Grand Island, opposite to Kingston, and nearest the south shore, where lake Ontario descends into the St. Lawrence. Carmboii Island, in Muddy lake, between Rocky Point and Frying Pan Island. Castle Point, in Traverse Bay, lake Ontario, lies between Tower Point and Point Traverse. Cat Island, or Isle au Chat, in the river St. Law¬ rence. Cataraqui, now called Kingston. Cataraqui Petit, nearly in the centre of the town¬ ship of Kingston, opposite to Isle la Foret. c CHA Cataraqui, Isle de Petit , off the north part of Isle la Foret, opposite to the township of Kingston. Catfish Creek , or river a la Chaudiere, or Kettle Creek. Catfish Island lies at the west end of Long Reach, in the bay of Quinte. Cedar Island , a little below Kingston, lies off the mouth of Hamilton Cove, is rocky and not fit for cul¬ tivation. Celeron Isle lies at the entrance of Detroit river, a little south of Grosse Isle ; is small and unimproved. Cliarlottenburgh , the second township in ascending, on the river St. Lawrence, and in the county of Glen- gary. This town is well watered by the river Aux Raisin, which runs through it. In front of Charlot- tenburgh are several small islands, and in the rear is the town of Kenyon. Charlotteville Township , in the county of Norfolk, lies west of Woodhouse, and fronts Long Point Bay. Tn Charlotteville and Woodhouse, which lie immedi¬ ately within the long promontory, there is a great space of country, thinly timbered, and without under¬ wood, which greatly facilitates cultivation; it is well calculated for roads, anti is sufficiently open for car¬ riages, looking more like a royal forest, than the un¬ cultivated lands of nature. Above Turkey Point, on the heights, is the townplot of Charlotteville; and at the extremity of the point, is the scite of the projected wharves and docks, with a good channel leading to it. Within the point is an extensive marsh, where the settlers feed great numbers of cattle, which are driven to different parts of the province for consumption. From Charlotteville is a good road through the coun¬ try to the Mohawk village on the Grand river, Charron River empties itself into lake Superior, on the north-east shore, to the northward of river de Montreal. Chasse, Rivierre de labelle , runs into the river St. Lawrence, about two miles below Isle Rapid 1 lab CHA Chat Luke is part of the Ottawa river above lake Chaudiere, and rather less. Chat, Isle au, or Cat Island, in the river St. Law¬ rence, opposite to the township of Osnabruck, contains from 100 to 150 acres. The soil is good. Chatham Township , in the county of Kent, lies to the northward of the Thames, and is situated in a fork of it, opposite Harwich, on a very desirable spot, so well protected, and so central, that as the population increases, it w r ill doubtless become a large and flour¬ ishing place: a block- house was erected here by Major-General Simcoe, and was made a depot for the fine whale boats which were built by his directions. Indeed it possesses many advantages : the point is ex¬ tremely well suited for the launching of vessels, and the river is sufficiently deep for those of any size; so that a secure arsenal and building place, and an ex¬ cellent dock might be made in the lesser branch of the forks, upon which there is now a mill. Firs are easily floated dow n from the pinery above, and other kinds of timber necessary for ship building may be procured by water carriage. Its greatest disadvantage is the bar across its embou¬ chure into lake St. Clair; but that is of sufficient depth for small craft rigged, and for large vessels when lightened; and it would answer as a good winter har¬ bour for any vessel which navigates the lakes, if she made herself light enough to pass over the bar, and go into the river; and this might easily be effected for all vessels, by -having a flat-bottomed lighter stationed at the mouth of the river for that especial purpose. About 20 miles above Chatham is a village of Mo¬ ravians, under the guidance of four missionaries from the United Brethren; and here they have a chapel. The converts are Indians, who are peaceable and civil; their principal employment is in attending to their corn-fields, and to the making of maple sugar; above the village, on tho river, is a large spring of petrolium. CLA Chaudiere Falls, on the Ottawa river, 36 feet high. They are a little above the mi mth of the river Radeau, and below lake Chaudiere. Chaudiere Lake is formed by the widening of the Ottawa river, above the mouth of the river Radeau, and below lake Chat. Chaudiere, Riviere a la , or Catfish Creek, runsinta lake Erie, west of Long Point. Chebuotequion is one of the lakes on the communi¬ cation between lake Simcoe and the Rice Lake. Chenal Ecarte Isle , near the entrance of the river Bt. Clair, into lake St. Clair, east of IIarsail's island ; it contains about 300 acres of arable land ; the other parts are meadow and marsh. Chenal Ecarte , Isle de, in the river St. Lawrence, opposite the township of Cornwall, contains from seven to eight hundred acres ; the soil is good. Chenal Ecarte River runs nearly parallel to the river Thames, and empties itself at the entrance of river St. Clair, into lake St. Clair. Chene, Isle du, in lake Ontario, lies off the easterly shore of Marysburgh, and close to the land. Chene, Pointe au, on the river St. Lawrence, lies east of River de la Traverse, and nearly opposite to St. Regis. Chene, Portage du, on the Ottawa river, immedi¬ ately below lake Chaudiere. Chene, Riviere du, runs into the bay of Michipico- ten, lake Superior, west of river Miehipicoten. Cheyeaux, Point aux, on the north shore of lake Ontario, and to the eastward of ri ver Ganaraska. Chippewa Creek, a stream which empties itself into the Niagara river, a mile and a half above the falls; it is a fine canal without falls, 40 miles in length. It has its name from the Indians, who once inhabited its banks. Here is a garrison, a few stores, and several houses. Claies, Lake aux, now lake Simcoe, is situated be¬ tween York and Gloucester bay, on lake Huron; it COR has a few small islands, and several good harbours 5 a vessel has been built for the purpose of facilitating the communication by that route. Clair, St. Lake, lies about half way between lakes Huron and Erie, 90 miles in circumference. It re¬ ceives the waters of the three great lakes Superior, Michigan and Huron, and discharges them through the river Detroit into lake Erie. Its channel, as also that of the lake, is sufficiently deep for vessels of very considerable burthen. Clarence Township, in the county of Stormont, is the fifth township as you ascend the Ottawa river. Clarke Township, in the county of Durham, lies to the west of Hope, and fronts lake Ontario. Clinton Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies west of Louth, and fronts lake Ontario. Cochela, an island in lake Huron, lying between the south-easterly end of the Manitou islands, and the north main. Cochon, Isle au, a small island between Kingston and Wolfe island; nearest to the latter. Colchester Township, in the county of Essex, is si¬ tuated upon lake Erie, and lies between Malden and Gosfield. Cooke’s Bay, on the south side of lake Simcoe. Holland’s river discharges itself into the head of this bay. Coote’s Paradise, is a large marsh lying within Burlington bay, and abounding in game. Coppermine Point, in the east end of lake Superior, in the vicinity of which, some years ago, an attempt was made to dig for copper ore, but soon after aban¬ doned. This place is nearly north-east and by north from point Mamonce, and between it and the mouth of the river Montreal. Cornwall, the Township of, in the county of Stor¬ mont, is situated upon the river St. Lawrence, and the third township in ascending the river. It has a small church and about 40 houses. The river Aux Raisins runs through it. DET Cramahe Township, in the county of Northumber¬ land, lies west of Murray, and fronts lake Ontario. Credit River discharges itself into lake Ontario, between the head of that lake and York, in the Mis- sissaga territory. It is a great resort for these and other Indian tribes, and abounds in fish. Creuse River. Part of the Ottawa river is so called, above les Alumets. Cris, Big and Little, two points on the north shore on lake Superior, east of isle Grange, and surrounded by islands; between these points is a noted and safe harbour. Crosby Township lies to the northward of Leeds, and to the westward of Bastard. Crowland Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies west of Willoughby, and is watered by the Welland. Cumberland Township lies partly in the county of Stormont, and partly in Dundas; and is the sixth township in ascending the Ottawa river. Cunninghams Island, is situated at the western end of lake Erie, and southerly of Ship island. D. Barling Island, the largest of two islands in th# entrance of lake Simcoe. Darlington Township, in the county of Durham, lies to the Avest of Clarke, and fronts upon lake Ontario. Delaware Township, in the county of Suffolk, lies on the east side of the river Thames, on the plains above the Delaware village of Indians. Dereham Township, in the county of Norfolk, lies* to the west of, and adjoining to Norwich. Detour, the entrance into lake Huron from Muddy lake, to the south and west of St. Joseph’s island. Detour , on the north shore of lake Huron, lies a little to the east of the isles au Serpent. Detour Point, is on the west main, in the strait made by St. Joseph’s island, leading from Muddy lake to lake Huron. DET Detroit, a post and principal town, and the best fortified in the country north-west of the Ohio. The French called it Fort Pontchartrain. It has accom¬ modations for a regiment, and it consists of threts parts ; the town, the citadel, and fort Lanoult. It is the chief town of the county or territory of Wayne, and is situated on the western bank of the strait St. Clair, or Detroit river, between lake Erie and lake St. Clair; 18 miles north of the west end of the for¬ mer, and 9 miles below the latter. Fort Detroit is of an oblong figure, built with stockades, and advantage¬ ously situated, with one entire side commanding the river. It is near a mile in circumference, and previous to its being burned in January, 1805, enclosed about 300 houses and a Roman Catholic church; built in a regular manner, with parallel streets, crossing eaeli other at right angles. It is rising again on a large scale, with wider streets. For 8 miles below, and tbe same distance above fort Detroit, on both sides of the river, the country is divided into regular and well cul¬ tivated plantations; and from the contiguity of the farmers’ houses to each other, they appear as two long extended villages. The inhabitants, who were mostly French, were about 2000 in number, in 1778, 500 of whom were as good marksmen as the Indians them¬ selves, and as well accustomed to the woods. They raise large flocks of black cattle, and great quantities of corn, which they grind by windmills, and manufac¬ ture into excellent flour. The chief trade of Detroit consists in a barter of coarse European goods with the natives for furs, deer skins, tallow, &e. The ex¬ ports from this place for the year 1804, amounted to 38,028 dollars. By the treaty of Grenville, August 3, 1795, the Indians have ceded to the United States the post of Detroit, and all the land to the north, the Avest and the south of it, of which the Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or grants to the French or English governments. In 1807, the Indians, for 50,500 dollars, ceded to the United States about 50,000,000 DOR of acres, extending from fort Defiance on the Miami, 260 miles on that river, lake Erie, the Detroit river and lake, the river St. Clair and lake Huron, includ¬ ing all the streams falling into those waters. The fort, &c. was delivered up by the British in July, 1796, ac¬ cording to treaty. It lies 18 miles north of lake Erie, 724 north-west by west from Philadelphia. Detroit Diver, or Strait of St. Clair, issues from lake St. Clair, and enters the the west end of lake Erie, forming part of the boundary line between the United States and Upper Canada. In ascending it, its entrance is more than 3 miles wide, but it percepti¬ bly diminishes ; so that opposite the fort, 18 miles from lake Erie, it does not exceed half,a mile in w idth ; and from thence to St. Claiu, it widens to more than a mile. The channel of the strait is gentle, and wide and deep enough for shipping of great burthen, although it is in¬ commoded by several islands, one of which is more than 7 miles in length. These islands are of a fertile soil, and from their situation afford a very agreeable appearance. The length of the river is 28 miles ; and several streams fall into it, chiefly from the north-west, viz. Bauche, Clora, Curriere, Detroit and Huron rivers. There are several windmills on the Detroit, and an orchard adjoining almost every house. The settlers are numerous, and the improvements handsome and extensive. When the trees are in blossom, the prospect as you pass through the strait is perhaps as delightful as any in the world. Detroit, le Petit, on the Ottawa river, is below the upper main forks of the Ottawa river. Diable, Isles au, in the river St. Lawrence, lie between the Isle au Long Salt, and the township of Osnabruck. Don Diver, in the East Riding of the county of York, discharges itself into York harbor. . Dorchester Mount is that ridge of mountains run¬ ning through the county of Lincoln, parallel to lake Ontario, and is supposed to be a spur of the Alleghany. DUN Dorchester Township, in the county of Norfolk, lies west of, and adjoining to Dereham, fronting the river Thames. Dover Township, in the county of Kent, on the north side of the Thames, opposite to Raleigh. Dubois lac, lies between 98 and 100 degrees west longitude from Greenwich, and between the 48th and 50th parallels of north latitude; it lies to the west¬ ward of lake la Pluie, and receives the waters of that lake by river la Pluie, which are carried off again by the river Winipique into the great lake Winitapa, or Winipique, and from thence into Hudson’s Bay. This lake contains some islands ; it has also a back commu¬ nication with lake la Pluie, to the northward, by in¬ ferior streams. Duck Cove, on lake Ontario, in Marysburgli, on the east shore, between Isle du Chene and Tower Point. Duck Islands, called the Real Ducks, in lake On tario, lie between Wolfe Island and Point Traverse. Duck Islands, in lake Ontario, lie off Point Tra¬ verse, and north-easterly of it, not far from the Point. These are called the False Ducks. Duck Islands, are situated between Muddy lake and lake Huron, southerly and easterly of St. Joseph’s Island. Duck Point, on lake Ontario, in the township of Murray, is the first point west of the Portage that leads from the head of the bay of Quinte to the lake. Dujjin’s Creek runs into lake Ontario in the town¬ ship of Pickering, (east of the river of Easy En¬ trance) and is remarkable for tlie quantity of salmon which resort to it. Dundas County is bounded on the east by the county of Stormont, on the south by the river St. Lawrence, and on the Avest by the easternmost boundary line of the late township of Edwardsburgh, running north 24 degrees Avest, until it intersects the Ottawa or Grand River; thence descending that river until it meets the north-Avesternmost boundary of the county ot Stor- f) ECO mont. The county of Dun das comprehends all the islands near it in the river St. Lawrence. It sends one representative to the provincial parlia¬ ment. Dunwich Township, in the county of Suffolk, lies to the west of South wold, having the river Thames for its north, and lake Erie for its south boundary. Durham County is bounded on the east by the county of Northumberland; on the south by lake On¬ tario until it meets the westernmost point of Long Beach; thence by a line running north 16 degrees west, until it intersects the southern boundary of a tract of land belonging to the Missassaga Indians ; and thence along the said tract, parallel to lake Ontario, until it meets the north-westernmost boundary of the county of Northumberland. It sends in conjunction with the county of York, and the first Hiding of the county of Lincoln, one re¬ presentative to the provincial parliament. Dyer’s Island, in the head of the bay of Quinte, lies to the eastward of Missassaga Island. E. East Bay, in Adolphustown, bay of Quinte, is where the forks of the north channel open, descending south-westerly from Hay bay. East Lake lies between the townships of Marys- burgh and Sophiasburgh, immediately to the north¬ east of little Sandy bay, on lake Ontario. Eastern District, the, is bounded easterly by the province of Lower Canada; southerly by the river St. Lawrence; northerly by the Ottawa river; andwest- erly by a meridian passing through the mouth of the Gfauanoque river, in the township of Leeds. Ecors Grand, the high lands to the eastward of York. Ecors Petit, on the north shore of lake Ontario, east of Salmon river, and between it and river Gana- raska. ERI Edinburgh, now called the township of Pickering, See Pickering. Edwardsburg Township, in the county of Grenville, is the seventh township in ascending the river St. Lawrence. Elbow Island, in the north-westerly part of lake Superior, lies to the north-east of the Grand Portage, and westerly of Isle Maurepas. Elizabeth Town, the township of, in the county of Leeds, is the ninth township in ascending the river St. Lawrence. Elmsley Township, in the eastern district, lies to the south, and in the rear of Cumberland. Epingles, les, on the south-west branch of the Ottawa river, above the main or upper forks, between Portage a la Rose, and Portage Paresseux, but near¬ est to the latter; it is nearly half way from the fork to'tlie lake Nipissing Portage. Erie, Fort, a strong fortification in the township of Bertie, Upper Canada, situated on the north shore of lake Erie, and on the west bank of the Niagara river, 27 miles south by east of Niagara Fort, and 18 above the carrying place at the Falls of Niagara. It has a barrack for troops and a block house; a com¬ pany of soldiers are quartered here for the purpose of transporting the public stores. Lake Erie narrows here into the strait, which carries the waters over the great Falls of Niagara; there is a good har¬ bor here for vessels of any size. Fort Erie has fre¬ quently suffered from the western gales, which occa¬ sion the lakes sometimes to rise very considerably. The new fort is projected on a small heighth in the rear of the present garrison. N. lat. 42 53 17 * W. long. 78 &0 30. Erie, Lake, is situated between 41 and 43, N. lat. and between 78 and 83 W. long. Its form is el¬ liptical. Its length is about 260 miles; and its breadth about 60. Detroit river, on the west, brings the waters of the great lakes, with which lake Erie has a communication on the north-west, and Ni- ESS agara river on the east, forms its communication with the waters of lake Ontario and the river St. Lawrence. The navigation is good for shipping of any burthen. The coast, on both sides of this lake, is generally favorable for the passage of batteaux and canoes. Its banks in many places have a flat sandy shore, particu¬ larly to the eastward of the peninsula called Long Point, which runs upwards of 18 miles into the lake, and being composed of sand, is very convenient to haul boats out of the surf upon, when the lake is too rough for sailing and rowing; yet in some places, chiefly on the south side towards both ends of the lake, it would be dangerous to approach, and impossible to land, by the reason of the perpendicular heighth of the rocks. Lake Erie has great variety of fine fish, such as sturgeon, muskalongin, equal to salmon, from 15 to flO pounds, pike, pickerel, catfish, buffaloe fish, white and black bass, eel, perch, &c. Lakes Huron and Michigan afford communication witli lake Erie, by vessels of 8 feet draught. There are portages into the waters of lake Erie from the Wabash, Great Mi¬ ami, Muskingum and Alleghany, from 1 to 15 miles. The portage between the Ohio and Potowmac will be about 20 miles, when the obstructions in the Monon galiela and Cheat rivers are removed. The line be tween the Lnited States and Upper Canada runs through this lake. Ernest Town, the township of, in the midland dis¬ trict, is the first township above Kingston, sheltered from lake Ontario by Amherst island, which lies in its front. Essex County is bounded on the east by the county of Suffolk; on the south by lake Erie: on the west by the river Detroit to Maisonville’s mill: from thence by a line running parallel to the river Detroit and lake St. Clair, atthe distance of four miles, until it meets the river la Tranche or Thames, and thence up the said river to the north-west boundary of the county of Suf- folk. It sends, in conjunction with the county of Suf¬ folk, one representative to the provincial parliament. FOB F. Falls of Niagara. See Niagara Biver and Falls. Fighting Island, called by the French, Grose Isle aux Dindes, lies about four miles below Detroit; it is valuable for pasture, but has very little wood; the In¬ dians in the summer make it a place of encampment, and some of them plant a little corn : there is no other improvement on it. On the uppermost end of the island are vestiges ot intrenehments, from behind the breast¬ work of which the Indians annoyed the British ship¬ ping as they passed, shortly after the reduction of De¬ troit. Finch Township, in the county of Stormont, lies in the rear of Osnabruck. Flamborough Township, distinguished by east and west Flamborough, in the West Biding of the county of York, lies west of the Missassaga lands, and fronts Dundas-street. Flat Islands, lie towards the west end of the Mani- tou islands, anil open to the straits of Miclulimackinac, upon lake Huron. Foin, Point an, in the river St. Lawrence, the first above river a la vielle Galette in Edwardsburgh. Foreland, North. See Long Point. Foreland, South, or Point Pele, on the north shore of lake Erie, west of Landguard. There is good an¬ chorage for vessels on either side of the point, which runs out a considerable distance, but the best is on the east side, in clay bottom. Near the extremity of the point, and on the east side, is a pond, where boats in general may enter and be secure from most winds. A long reef runs out from the point. Foret , Isle au. See Gage Island. Forks of the Fay of Qivmte, where the East Bay unites with the North Channel, a little to the north¬ ward of Grand Bay. FRO Fort George, the military post and garrison lately built on the heights above N avy Hall, at the entrance of Niagara river, in the township of Newark, in the county of Lincoln. Francis Island is in the north part of lake Simcoe, near the narrows leading to a small lake. Between this island and the north shore, vessels may lie in safety. From the bay west of Francis Island there is a good path, and a short portage into a small lake; this is the nearest way to lake Huron. Francis, St. a lake, or extension of the river St. Lawrence, between Kingston and Montreal, through which passes the line, dividing upper from lower Can¬ ada. It is that part of the river St. Lawrence, which, widening above the Coteau de Lac, loses its current and becomes a long narrow lake. In passing west¬ ward from the Point au Bodet, through Cape St. Fran¬ cis and the river St. Lawrence, the route is generally made on the north shore. Francois River runs south-west from lake Nipis- sing into lake Huron: it has several portages; that nearest to lake Nipissing is called Portage de Trois Chaudiers, in length about half a mile. Frederick Point is on the east side of Kingston harbor, and on the west side of Haldimand Cove, which is made by it and Point Henry. Fredericksburgh Township, in the county of Le¬ nox, lies to the west of Ernest tovrn, in the Bay of Quinte. Frenchman’s Creek, in the county of Lincoln, dis¬ charges itself into the river Niagara, in the township of Bertie, a few miles below Fort Erie. Frontenac County, is bounded on the east by the county of Leeds; on the south by lake Ontario ; on the west by the township of Ernest, running north 21 degrees west, until it intersects the Ottawa or Grand River ; and thence descending that river until it meets the north-westernmost boundary of the county of Leeds. It sends in conjunction with the county GEN of Leeds, one representative to the provincial parlia¬ ment. Frontenac. Fort now comprehended within the town of Kingstown, is just to be discovered from its remains, and an old fosse near the present barracks. G. Gage Island , in the county of Ontario, lies off Kingston, in lake Ontario, between Amherst and Wolfe islands. Gainsborough Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies between Pelham and Caistor, and fronts the Wel¬ land. Galette , on the river St. Lawrence, in Edwards- burgh. Galette, Riviere a la vielle , runs into the river St. Lawrence, above isle Fort Levi. Gallop, Point au, on the north shore of the river St. Lawrence, just below Hospital Island, in Edwards- burgh. Galloos, les, or Gallops, on the river St. Lawrence, are the Rapids off Pointe Galloppe, in Edwardsburgh. Gananoqui River discharges itself into the river St. Lawrence, in the township of Leeds. As high as the first Rapids, the shore is bold, and the water deep: there is an excellent harbour in the mouth of the river; the water is from 12 to 15 feet deep in the channel, and the current is very slow. This river was called the Thames, before the division of the province of Quebec. Ganaraska River, by some called Petnetescoutiang, runs into lake Ontario, on the north side, eastward of the Petit Escors, and west of Pointe aux Cheveaux. F 1 rom the mouth of this river is a carrying place of about eleven miles to the Rice lake, through an excel¬ lent country for making a road. Geneter, Isle au, in the river St. Lawrence, lies a little above Isle au Chat. Geneva Lake, now called Burlington Bay. GOR George Lake is situated below the Falls of St. Mary and to the northward of Muddy lake ; it is about 25 miles long, and has very shallow water. Gibraltar Point is tlie western extremity of a sand bank, which forms the harbour of York, and upon which stores and block-houses are erected for its de¬ fence, which command the entrance to the harbour. On the main land, opposite to the point, is the garri¬ son, situated on a point made by the harbour and a small rivulet, which being improved by sluices, affords an easy access for boats to go up to the stores. Glanford Township, in the county of Lincoln, is situated between Ancaster, Barton, Binbrook, and and six nations of Indians; sometimes called the Grand River lands. Glengary County is bounded on the east by the line that divides Upper from Lower Canada; on the south by the river St. Lawrence; and on the west by the township of Cornwall, running north 21 degrees west, until it intersects the Ottawa or Grand river; thence descending the said river until it meets the divisional line aforesaid. Glengary county comprehends all the islands contiguous to it in the river St. Lawrence. The greater part of it fronts the St. Lawrence. This county consists of two Ridings, each of which send one representative to the provincial parliament. Gloucester Bay is the eastern extremity of lake Huron. Gloucester Fort , or Pointe au Pins, the first point on the north shore in the narrows leading from lake Supe¬ rior towards the falls of St. Mary. Gloucester Township , in the county of Dundas, is the seventh township in ascending the Ottawa river ; it lies eastward also of and adjoining the river Radeau. Gorgontua , a remarkable high rock on the north shore of lake Superior, lying at a small distance, and southerly of the point which forms Michipicoten Bay, to the southward and eastward; the rock is hollow, with an opening into it. GRA Gosfield Township, in the county of Essex, is situate ed upon lake Erie, and lies west of Mersea. Gower Township lies on the west side of the river Radeau, and is the second township in ascending that river. Grand Bay , in the bay of Quinte, lies immediately below the main forks. Grand Isle, now called Wolfe island, is situated between Cataraqui and Carlton island, where lake Ontario falls into the St. Lawrence. Grand Isle, in the river Niagara, is situated in front of the township of Willoughby, and is 6 miles long and 3 broad ; beloAv it is Navy island. Grand Marsh, in the western district, lies in the rear of the parishes of l’Assomption and Petite Cote, on the Detroit, and communicates with lake St. Clair, opposite to Peach island, and with the strait opposite to Fighting island. Grand River (lake Erie) called the Ouse, rises in the Missassaga country, and running through the West Riding of the county of York, divides Lincoln from Norfolk, and discharges itself into lake Erie, be¬ tween Wainfleet and Rainliam. Grand, or Ottawa River, is that channel which carries the waters of lake Timmiskamain till they make a junction with those of the St. Lawrence, a lit¬ tle above Montreal. This river is the northern boun¬ dary of Upper Canada, and the route which is taken by the Lower Canada traders to the north-west; the birch canoes which go to the nortli-west country, pass up this river with their merchandize, and descend with peltries. This is a rapid stream, and has 36 carrying places in the course of 500 miles. Grange, Isle, near the north shore of lake Superior, west of the Cris Points ; and in front of Grange Bay. Grange River empties itself into a bay of that name on the north shore of lake Superior, west of the Cris. This river leads to JSTqpigon, a place which was for¬ merly remarkable for furnishing the best beaver and martin, and was the farthest advanced post of the E GUL French traders, at the time that Great Britain con¬ quered Canada. Grantham Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies west of Newark, and fronting lake Ontario. Grasse, Baye de, on the north shore of lake Onta¬ rio, lies to the eastward of Point aux Cheveaux. Gravel Point, on lake Ontario, in Marysburgh, lies between St. Peters Bay and Point Traverse. Graves Island , in the south-east part of lake Simcoe. Gravois , Pointe au, is the west point of the little Detroit, on the north coast of lake Superior. Gravois , Riviere au, in the Missassaga land, on the north shore of lake Ontario, runs into that lake, be¬ tween Burlington bay and the river Credit. Great Cape, on the north side, where lake Superior descends into the narrows of the fall St. Mary. Green Point, in the bay of Quinte, is the north point in Sophiasburgh, and lays opposite to John’s island. Grenville County is bounded on the east by the county of Dundas ; on the south by the river St. Law¬ rence, and on the west by the township of Elizabeth Town, running north 21 degrees west, until it inter¬ sects the Ottawa or Grand River; thence it descends that river, until it meets the north-westernmost boun¬ dary of the county of Dundas. The county of Gren¬ ville comprehends all the islands near to it in the river St. Lawrence. It sends one representative to the pro¬ vincial parliament. Grey’s River empties itself into lake Simcoe, on the east side. Grimsby Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies west of Clinton, and fronts lake Ontario. Grosse Isle is situated in the river Detroit, and lies a little way lower dow r n than Grosse Isle aux d’Indes, but close to the west shore ; it contains several thou¬ sand acres of excellent land, and plenty of good wood ; it is in a high state of cultivation. Grosse Isle aux d’lndes, called Fighting island. Gull Island lies among the Duck islands, off Point Traverse, in lake Ontario, and is one of the southern¬ most of the groupe. HAS Gwillimbury Township, in the home district, lies on lake Simcoe, where Yonge-street meets Holland’s river. H. . Haldimand Cove is a little to the eastward of King¬ ston harbor, and made by the points Frederick and Henry. On the west side of this cove is the king’s dock-yard, and provisions, stores, wharf, &c. Haldimand Point. See Point Frederick. Haldimand Township, in the county of Northum berland, lies to the west of Cramahe, and fronts lake Ontario. Hallowell Township, in the county of Prince Ed¬ ward, is a new township, formed out of the townships of Marysburgh and Sophiasburgh ; it lies at the south¬ ern part of the county, open to lake Ontario. Hamilton Cove is a little to the east of Haldimand Cove, and separated from it by Point Henry. Cedar Island is off the mouth of this cove. Hamilton Point, the east point which makes Ham¬ ilton Cove, having Point Henry on the west. Hamilton Township, in the county of Northum¬ berland, lies to the westwai*d of Haldimand, having lake Ontario in its front, and the llice lake in its rear. Hare Island lies at the west end of Hay bay, in the bay of Quinte. Harsen’s Island, near the entrance of the river St. Clair, in lake St. Clair, east of Thompson’s Island; it contains near three hundred acres of land fit for culture; the other parts of it arc meadow and marsh. Harwich Township, in the western district, lies to the west of Howard, having lake Erie to the south, and the river Thames to the north. Hastings County is bounded on the east by the county of Lenox ; on the south by the bay of Quinte, until it meets a boundary on the easternmost shore of the river Trent; thence along that river until it inter¬ sects the rear of the ninth concession; thence by a line HOP running north 16 degrees west, until it intersects the Ottawa or Grand River ; thence descending the said river until it meets the nortlx-westernmost boundary of the county of Addington. The county comprehends all the islands near it in the bay of Quinte and river Trent. The greater part of the county fronts the bay of Quinte. It sends in conjunction with the counties of North¬ umberland and Lenox (excepting Adolphus town) one representative to the provincial parliament. Hawkesbury Township, in the county of Glengary, lies on the Ottawa river adjoining to Lower Canada. Hay Bay, in the township of Frcdericksburgh, tun¬ ning south-westerly into East Ray, makes the fork of the north channel of the bay of Quinte. Henry Point is the east point of Haldimand Cove, which is formed by it and Point Frederick on the west Herbes, Point aux, on the north shore of lake St. Francis, lies east of the River aux Raisins. * Hog Island, below Peach Island, is situated in the strait of Detroit, where it opens into lake St. Clair; the lower end of it is about two miles above Detroit; it contains about 300 acres of land, fit for tillage, and a large quantity of marsh and meadow land. It has some w ood on it; the land is low but valuable for pas¬ turage, is well improved, and contains in all about 1700 statute acres. Holland's Iiiver runs from the south-west, and empties itself into Cook’s bay, lake Simcoe. Home District, the, is bounded easterly by a meri¬ dian passing through the mouth of the river Trent; northerly by the Ottaw a river, into lake Timmiska- main, and the bounds of Hudson’s Ray Company; also by part of lake Huron ; westerly by a meridian passing through the eastern extremity of Long Point, or the North Foreland ; and southerly by part of lake Ontario, and part of lake Erie. Hope Township, in the county of Durham lies to the west of Hamilton, and fronts lake Ontario. HUB Homo’s Cove, one of the principal harbors in the Bass Islands, lake Erie, close to St. George’s Island. Hocquart Isle , in lake Superior, lies southerly of Michipicoten bay, and northerly of Isle St. Ann. Horn, Cape, is on the east main, at the north end of Muddy Lake, and at the entrance of the strait that leads from lake George ; to the northward of it, in the strait, are high rocks. Hospital Island, in the river St. Lawrence, in front of the township of Edwardsburg, contains about 100 acres; it lies immediately above Point au Gallop. Houghton Township, in the county of Norfolk, lies west of Walsingham, and lake Erie. Howard Township, in the county of Suffolk, lies west of Oxford ; it is watered on the north by the Thames, and on the south by lake Erie. Howe Island, in the county of Ontario, lies in the river St. Lawrence, between Wolfe Island and Pitts¬ burgh. Humber River, in the East Riding of the county of York, empties itself into lake Ontario, a little to the westward of York. Humberstone Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies between Bertie and Wain fleet, and fronts lake Erie. Hunger-ford Township, in the county of Hastings, lies in the rear and to the northward of the Mohawk tract. Huntingdon Township, in the county of Hastings, lies in the rear and to the northward of Thurlow. Huron, one of the five principal northern lakes. It lies between 43 and 47 degrees north latitude, and be¬ tween 80 and 84 degrees west longitude, and is up¬ wards of 1000 miles in circumference. It communi¬ cates with lake Superior through the strait of St. Ma¬ ry on the north-west, with Michigan on the west, and Erie on the south. It is of a triangular shape, and on the south-west part is Saguinum or Sagana bay, 80 miles in length, and about 18 or 20 in breadth; the JOS other most remarkable bay is Thunder bay. On the banks of the lake are found quantities of sand cher¬ ries. The land bordering on the western shore of the lake, is greatly inferior in quality to that on lake Erie. It is mixed with sand and small stones, and is princi¬ pally covered w ith pines, birch, and some oaks; but a little distance from the lake the soil is very luxuriant. J. Jervois, River au, or Knagg’s Creek, falls into the Detroit river, near the town of Sandwich. Industry Point , or Morgan’s Point, on the north shore of lake Erie, west of Sugar Loaf. Joaehins, Pond deux, on the Ottawa river, is below the river du Moine. John's Island in the bay of Quinte, opposite to the Mohawk settlement, w est of Richmond, so called after Captain John, a Mohawk chief who resides there, and who, with some others of that nation, had a tract of laud given them by the King, of about nine miles in front on the bay, and about twelve miles deep. Johnson Point, on lake St. Francis, in the township of Charlottenburgh, lies westward of river aux Raisins. Johnstown, in the tow nship of Edwardsburgh, is situated upon the river St. Lawrence, above the up¬ permost rapids in ascending to lake Ontario, and is a mile square. From this town vessels may be navigat¬ ed with safety to Queenstown, and to the ports of lake Ontario. Iroquois, Pointe aux, on the river St. Lawrence, six or seven miles above the Rapid plat, in the town¬ ship of Matilda, is advantageously situated for com¬ manding the passage up and down the St. Lawrence. Ivrogne Point , in the river St. Lawrence, in front of the township of Edwardsburgh, lies a little below Isle du Fort Levi, on the north shore. Joseph, Island St. is a principal island of Mu^dy lake. Katabokokonk (or river of Easy Entrance) empties itself into lake Ontario, in the township of Pickering. Kempenfelt’s Bay , on the west side of lake Simcoe. Kent County comprehends all the country (not be¬ ing the territory of the Indians) not already included in the several counties herein described; extending northward to the boundary line of Hudson’s bay, in¬ cluding all the territory to the westward and south¬ ward of the said line, to the utmost extent of the coun¬ try commonly known by the name of Canada. It sends two representatives to the provincial parliament. Kenyon Township, in the county of Grlengary, is in the rear of Charlottenburgh. Kettle Creek, or riviere a la Chaudiere, rises in a long marsh, towards the river Thames, and running southerly, discharges itself into lake Erie, west of the carrying place, out of the bay of Long Point, having at times five feet and a half water on its bar; this river has sufficient water for boats, many miles upwards; its entrance is only 25 feet wide. Kiasan Point, on the south shore of lake Superior, lies about half way between West bay and the entrance to the falls of St. Mary, and is situated south-east of isle Philippeaux. King Toumship, in the East Riding of the county of York, lies to the northward of Vaughan, on the west of Yonge-street, and opposite to Whitchurch. Kingston is in about 44 degrees 8 minutes of north latitude, and 75 degrees 41 minutes of west longitude, is situated at the head of the St. Lawrence, on the north shore, opposite Wolfe island. It occupies the scite of old Fort Frontenac, was laid out in the year 1784, and is now of considerable size. It has a bar¬ rack for troops, a house for the commanding officer, an hospital, several storehouses, and an episcopal church of the established religion, and about 150 d welling- LEE houses. The ruins of the French works are yet to be seen, as well as that of a breast-work thrown up by General Brad street, on the east side of the town. The gaol and court-house for the Midland district is estab¬ lished at this place. The courts of the General Quar¬ ter Sessions of the Peace are holden here the second Tuesday in April and October, annually. A cove near’ to the town affords a good harbor for shipping; it is safe, commodious and well sheltered. Large vessels seldom go below Kingston, although it is navigable to Oswegatcliie, about 70 miles down the river; the stores, provision, &c. which are lodged in the depot at this place, being usually transported there in boats from Montreal. About Kingston there are sev eral valuable quarries of limestone, and the country in general is rather stony, which is not found to be de¬ trimental to the crops. Kitley Township , in the county of Leeds, lies to the eastward of, and adjoining to Bastard. Kittskoken Point , in Hophiasburgh, bay of Quinte, lies opposite to the Mohawk settlement. L. Lac , Pointe dn , the westernmost point as you de¬ scend into lake St. Francis, on the north side of the river St. Lawrence. Lancaster , the Township of, is in the county of Glengary, on the river St. Lawrence, and the lowest in the provinces adjoining to Lower Canada. Landguard, or Pointe aux Pins, is in latitude about 42 degrees 7 minutes 15 seconds north; variation 2 degrees 48 minutes westerly. There is a pond at the back of the point, the entrance to which has sometimes four feet and a hall water on the bar; on the bank of the pond is an old Indian village, from whence there is a good path to the river Thames. There is a great resort of Indians to this place in the spring, induced by the quantity of fish and fowl that may be taken LIN lie here at that season. This point is about twenty miles If or upwards east of the South Foreland, and bears the If only pine timber on this coast. I) Lansdown Township, in the county of Leeds, is the r- 11th township in ascending the river St. Lawrence. '] La Franche (or la Frenche) now called the Thames. Leeds County is bounded on the east by the county of Grenville; on the south by the river St. Lawrence, and on the west by the boundary line of the late town, ship of Pittsburgh, running north until it intersects the Ottawa or Grand river; thence descending that river, until it meets the north-westernmost boundary of the county of Grenville. The county of Leeds comprehends all the islands in the river St. Lawrence, near to it. The greater part of it lies fronting the St. Lawrence. It sends, in conjunction with the county of Frontinac, one representative to the provincial par¬ liament. Leeds Township, in the county of Leeds, is the twelfth township in ascending the river St. Lawrence. Lenox County is bounded on the east by the county of Addington ; on the south and west by the bay of Quinte, to the easternmost boundary of the Mohawk village ; thence by a line running along the western¬ most boundary of the township of Richmond, run¬ ning north 16 degrees west, to the depth of i2 miles, and thence running north 74 degrees east, until it meets the north-west boundary of the county of Addington ; comprehending all the islands in the bays, and near¬ est the shores thereof. This county sends (with the exception of Adolphustown, which is represented with the county of Prince Edward) in conjunction with the counties of Hastings and Northumberland, one representative to the provincial parliament. Levi, Isle du Fort, in the river St. Lawrence, in front of the township of Edwardsburgh. On this island are the ruins of a French fortification. Lincoln County is a very fine anti populous settle¬ ment, consisting of 20 townships, containing about 8000 souls, and furnishing five battalions of militia. v LON This county is divided into four ridings ; the first ri¬ ding is bounded on the west by the county of York; on the south by the Grand River, called the Ouse, thence descending that river until it meets an Indian road leading to the forks of the Chippewa Creek (now called the Welland) thence descending that creek until it meets the late township No. 5, thence north along the said boundary until it intersects lake Ontario, and thence along the south shore of lake Ontario until it meets the south-east boundary of the county of York. The second riding is bounded on the west by the first riding; on the north by lake Ontario; on the east by the river Niagara ; and on the south by the northern boundary of the late townships, No. 2, No. 9 and No. 10. The third riding is bounded on the east by the river Niagara ; on the south by the Chippewa, or Welland ; on the west by the eastern boundary of the first riding; on the north by the southern boundary of the second riding. The fourth riding is bounded on the east by the river Niagara; on the south by lake Erie, to the mouth of the Grand River, or Ouse, thence up that river to the road leading from the Grand River, or Ouse, to the forks of the Chippewa, or Welland; and on the north by the said road until it strikes the forks of the Welland, and thence down the Welland to the river Niagara. The fourth riding includes the islands comprised within the east¬ ernmost boundaries of the river Niagara. The second and third riding send each one representative to the provincial parliament. The first riding sends one in conjunction with the counties of Durham and York : and the fourth riding sends one, in conjunction with the county of Norfolk. Little Bay, on lake Ontario, the westernmost point of which is the boundary between the counties of Northumberland and Durham, and between the town¬ ships of Hamilton and Hope. London, the Township of, is on the main fork of the river Thames, and considered as the proper place tor the seat of government. It offers many striking LON li. advantages for the capital of the province ; is centri- li: cally situated in regard to the lakes Erie, Huron and e, Ontario, and around it is a large tract of land, well ii calculated for agricultural purposes. It communicates I with lake St. Clair and the Detroit, by the river Thames; with lake Huron by the northern or main branch of the Thames, and a small portage; and with the Grand Iliver, or Ouse; and with lake Ontario by the military way called Dundas-strcet. The fortifications on the heights of Cliarlotteville above Turkey Point, and within the North Foreland, protects it from lake Erie. The work at Chatham protects the approach to it up the Thames, and there are several strong posts which guard it from the eastward ; add to this, that its local situation secures the interest and attachment of that vast band of Indians, the Chippew a nation. It is also well situated for health, being plen¬ tifully watered w ith springs ; the streams have grav¬ elly bottoms, and the water is very pure. It is an ex¬ cellent tract of land ; a black rich soil; it abounds with black and white walnut, cherry, bass, elm, su¬ gar maple, hickory, beech, white and black ash, and several other kinds of timber. Long Reach is the communication from Hay Bay to East Bay, in the bay of Quinte. Long Beach , on lake Ontario, the w esternmost point of which is the boundary between the counties of Durham and York, and between the townships of Dar¬ lington and Whitby. Long Lakes, the, are a chain of small lakes, ex¬ tending w esterly from the Grand Portage of lake Su¬ perior towards Rain Lake. Long Point, on lake Erie, now called the North Foreland, is that long beach or sandbank, stretching forth into lake Erie from the township of Walsingliam, and forming the deep bay of Long Point. It is up¬ wards of twenty miles long. From the head of the bay there is a carrying place across, over a flat sand, about eight chains distance, into lake Erie, which MAL sometimes is sufficiently overflown to be used as a pass¬ age for small boats. Long Saut, Isle an, in the river St. Lawrence, and in front of the township of Osnabruck, contains from 1000 to 1500 acres; the soil is good. Longueil ■ Township, in the county of Glengary, is the second in ascending the Ottawa River. Loughborough Township, in the county of Fronte- nac, lies in the rear and to the north of Kingston. Louth Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies to the west of Grantham, and fronts lake Ontario. Lynn River, in the county of Norfolk, rises in the township of Windham, and running from thence southerly through the township of Woodhouse, emp¬ ties itself into lake Erie, where it has about three feet water on the bar; it is a good harbor for batteaux. Lyons Creek, in the county of Lincoln, discharges itself into Chippewa River, in the township of Wil¬ loughby, not far above the mouth of that river. M. Maidstone Township lies between Sandwich and Rochester, upon lake Erie. Malden, tort, in the town of the same name, is situated on the river St. Clair, opposie Isle au Bois Blanc; it is a post of considerable importance. The town contains about one hundred houses, and enjoys a good trade with the Indians in the vicinity. The an chorage between the Island au Bois Blanc and Mal¬ den is perfectly safe, and the shore of the main con¬ venient for the erection of wharves and other naval and commercial purposes. Malden Township, in the county of Essex, is situ¬ ated at the mouth of Detroit river, on the east side of the strait, having Colchester to the east, and the Hu¬ ron to the north. ( Maligne, Grande Poivte, on the river St. Law¬ rence, is opposite to the Grand Island of St. Regis. MAT Maligne, la Petit Pointe, on the north shore of the river St. Lawrence, not far above the lower end of Grand Isle St. Regis. Mamonce and Little Mamonce, at the eastern ex¬ tremity of lake Superior, between the coppermines and Point aux Rabies. Manitou, or Manatoulin Islands , are a number of islands towards the northern shore of lake Huron, stretching from the vicinity of Cabot’s Head, north¬ westerly across the lake, to lake George, below the falls of St. Mary. Marais Grande , lies in the north-east part of the township of Clinton, on lake Ontario. Marandier Point, on the north side of lake St. Francis, east of pointe aux Herbes, in the township of Lancaster. Markham Township, in the East Riding of the county of York, fronts Yonge-street, and lies to the northward of York and Scarborough: here are good mills, and a thriving settlement of Germans. Marlborough Township, in the county of Grenville, lies to the northward of Oxford, and is watered by the Rideau. Marsh Creek runs southerly through the township of Malden, and empties itself into lake Erie, having at times four feet and a half water on its bar. Mary’s St. Point, in the river St. Lawrence, is im¬ mediately above the Grand Remou. Marysburgh Township, in the township of Prince Edward, is situated at the eastern end of the peninsula which forms the bay of Quinte, and lies open to lake Ontario on the south. Mataouaschie River runs into the Ottawa river, above the river du Rideau. Matchedash, a hay in the eastern part of lake Hu¬ ron, into which the river Severn empties, and forms a communication with lake Simcoe. Matilda Township, in the county of Dundas, is the sixth township in ascending the river St. Lawrence. MIC Maurepas Isle, in the northerly part of lake Supe¬ rior, lies about half way between Elbow island and the bay of Michipieoten. Mersea Township, in the county of Essex, lies on lake Erie, west of Ilomney. Michigan Lake, in the North-west Territory, is the largest and most considerable lake which is wholly within the United States, and lies between latitude 41 8, and 45, 40, north, and between 84 and 87 west longitude. Its computed length is 260 miles from north to south ; its circumference 1000 miles. It is na¬ vigable for shipping of any burthen, and communicates with lake Huron, at the north-eastern part, through the straits of Michilimackinack. The strait is 6 miles broad, and the fort of its name stands on an island at the mouth of the strait. In this lake are several kinds of fish; particularly trout • of an excellent quality, weighing from 20 to 60 pounds; and some have been taken in the strait which weighed 90 pounds. On the north-west parts of this lake the waters push through a narrow strait, and branch out into two bays ; that to the northward is called Noquet’s bay, the other to the southward, Puans, or Green bay, which last with the lake, forms a long peninsula, called cape Townsend, or Vermillion point. About 30 miles south of bay de Puans, is lake Winnebago, which communicates with it; and a very short portage interrupts the water com¬ munication, south-westward from Winnebago lake through Fox river, then through Ooisconsin into the river Mississippi. Chicago river, also at the south¬ west extremity of lake Michigan, furnishes a commu¬ nication interrupted by a still shorter portage, with Illinois river. Lake Michigan receives many small rivers from the west and east, some 150 and even 250 yards broad at their mouths. Michilimackinack lies between Michigan and Hu¬ ron, and is 7 miles in circumference. The ground on which the fort stands is 150 feet above the level of the lake, and 100 yards from the shore. The fort is neat¬ ly built, and exhibits a beautiful appearance from the MID water. I he village is on the shore at the right of the lort, anti consists of about 30 houses. The harbour is deep and safe. On the north-east side of the island, near the shore, and 80 feet above the lake, is an arch- eu lock. 1 he arch is SO feet in diameter at the top. and 30 at the base. Near the centre of the island, on a plain, stands an insolated conical rock, in the form of a su § ai ' loaf > 50 feet in height. It is perforated in various places, and the holes are filled with human hones; I he Skull-rock, in another part of the island, exhibits the same appearances. The island is one mass ol limestone, and the soil is very rich. The cli- mate is cold but healthy. The winter lasts for five months with unabated rigour. This island is still a place of rendezvous for the north-west traders, their clerks and servants. They generally assemble here in June and July, often to the number of 800. There are numerous other islands in the lakes and rivers Michipicoten Bay, in the north-east part of lake superior; it is somewhat sheltered southerly and west¬ erly from lake Superior, by point Gogontua, and the island of Michipicoten. Michipicoten River, running south-westerly, dis¬ charges itself, into the head of the bay of the same name, m the north-east part of lake Superior. There is a portage from the sources of this river to another, which falls into James’ Bay. Midland District, is bounded on the east by a me¬ ridian passing through the mouth of the river Ganano- qui; on the south by the river St. Lawrence and lake Ontario; on the west by a meridian passing through the mouth of the river Trent, at the head of the bav of Qiiinte, and on the north by the Ottawa river. Middle Island, is small, and situated east of the Bass islands, and northerly of Ship island and Cun¬ ningham’s island in lake Erie. Middle Sister, a small island, at the west end of lake Erie, situated between the East Sister and West bister. MOE Mille Roches , Isle an, contains from six to seven hundred acres, the soil is good; it lies partly above and partly parallel to isle Chenal Ecarte, in the river St. Lawrence. Missassaga Island, lies opposite the mouth ot the Trent, and about the same distance from the portage at the head of the bay of Quinte. Missassaga Point, in the township of Newark, lies on the west side of the entrance of the river Niagara, and opposite to the fortress of Niagara. Missassaga River runs into lake Huron, between le Serpent and Thessalon River, on the north shore. Mohawk Bay, in Fredericksburgh, bay of Quinte, lies opposite to the Mohawk settlement, and close to to the mouth of the river Appannee. Mohawk Settlement , bay of Quinte, is west of Richmond, and comprehended between the river Shan¬ non and Bowen’s Creek. Mohawk Village , on the Grand River, or Ouse, is the principal village of the Six Nations.. This is the residence of their principal Chief, Captain Joseph Brant. The village is beautifully situated, has a neat church with a steeple, a school house and a council house ; and not far from it is a grist and saw-mill. Moira River, runs into the bay of Quinte, near the south-west angle of the township of r i hurlow. Montague, Portage de, is on the Ottawa River, above lake Chat. Montague Township, partly in the county of Gren¬ ville, and partly in Leeds, lies to the northward ot Wolford, and is washed by the river Radeau. Montreal Isle, in the east end of lake Superior, is small, and situated between the mouths of the rivers Montreal and Charron, and near to the shore. Montreal, River de, empties itself into the east end of lake Superior, a little to the northward of the copper mines, and south of river Charron. Moravian Village, on the river Thames, is in the 4th township from its mouth ; it is a regular built vil¬ lage. of one street, with indifferent wooden huts, and NAY a small chapel; inhabited by Indians, converted to » the Moravian faith, and their pastors ; near to this iw village are springs of petroleum. Morpion Isle , a small island in the river St. Law- fe rence, opposite to Pointe a la Traverse. Morpions, Isle (tax, in the lake St. Francis, river St. Lawrence, a small rocky island lying nearly op- s posite to Point Mouillee, in the township of Lan- t, easter. Mouille Pointe, on lake St. Francis, west of Pointe n au Bodet, in the township of Lancaster. Moulenet, Isles au, in the river St. Lawrence, op- !j posite the township of Osnabruck, are very small, and o the soil tolerably good. Mountain Township, in the county of Dundas, lies of in the rear and to the northward of Matilda, ii. Muddy Creelc, rises in the township of Pelham, and runs into Chippewa Creek, through the township e ( of Tliorold, and the south-west part thereof, is Muddy Lake, is situated between lake Huron and lake George; it is about twenty-five or thirty miles at l° n g? a »d not very wide ; it has several small islands, t j| of which St. Joseph seems to be the principal. Murray Township, in the county of Northumber- ie land, lies to the northward of the isthmus which joins the county and peninsula of Prince Edward to the main. It is washed by the waters of lake Ontario, and the river Trent, as well as by those of the bay of Quinte. N'ivy Hall, in the township of Newark, is about a mile from the town, on the banks of the river Nia¬ gara ; the buildings here are considerably increased, and the new garrison near it, is called Fort George. Navy Island, above the Great Falls in the river Ni¬ agara, is situated just above the mouth of the river Welland, and below Grand Isle. G iMA Nen River, empties itself into lake Ontario, in the township of Pickering; it runs fora considerable dis¬ tance in the country through Pickering, Markham, &c. crossing the Yonge-street, and apparently rising in the vicinity of one of the branches of Holland’s river, with which it will probably, at some future pe¬ riod, be connected by a canal. This river abounds with fish; at its embouchure are good intervals for meadow ground, and it is the back communication from the German settlement in Markham to lake Ontario. J\Tevean Township, in the eastern district, is the eighth township in ascending the Ottawa river, and the first township on the rvest side of the river liideau. JVewark , is situated on the west side, at the en¬ trance of Niagara river opposite to the fortress at Ni¬ agara, on lake Ontario. This town was laid out in the year 1791. Itnow con¬ tains about one hundred and fifty houses, two churches, a jail and academy. The first provincial parliament met at this place, and the public offices of govern¬ ment have been held pro tempore , here. Newcastle. This townplot is situated on the Pres- qu’isle de Quinte, extending into lake Ontario, from the easterly part of the township of Cramahe; is a situation well suited for commerce and protection, and sheltered from all winds. Niagara River and Falls. Niagara river connects the north-east end of lake Erie with lake Ontario, and is about 30 miles in length, from fort Erie to Niagara fort, and forms a part of the boundary between the United States and Upper Canada. It receives Chip¬ pewa or Welland river from the west, and Tonewanto creek from the east, and embosoms Great and Navy islands. The falls in this river are about 12 miles south of lake Ontario, and form the greatest curiosity which this or any other country affords. In order to have a tolerable idea of this stupendous fall of water, it will be necessary to conceive that part of the coun¬ try in which lake Erie is situated to be elevated above NIA that which contains lake Ontario about 300 feet; the slope which separates the upper and lower country is generally very steep, and in many' places almost per¬ pendicular. It is formed by horizontal strata of stone, great part of which is lime-stone. The slope may be traced by the north side of lake Ontario, near the bay of Tarento, round the west end of the lake; thence the direction is generally east. Between lake Onta¬ rio and lake Erie it crosses the strait of Niagara and Grenessee river; after which it becomes lost in the coun¬ try towards Seneca lake. It is to this slope the coun¬ try is indebted both for the cataract of Niagara and the great Falls of Grenessee. The river is about three quarters of a mile wide at the falls. The perpendicu¬ lar pitch of this vast body of water produces a sound that is frequently heard at the distance of 20 miles, and in a clear day and fair wind 40, and even 50 miles. A perceptible tremulous motion in the earth is felt for several rods round. A heavy cloud or fog, is con¬ stantly ascending from the falls, in which rainbows may always be seen, when the sun shines. This fog or spray, in the winter season, falls upon the neigh¬ boring trees, where it congeals, and produces a most beautiful crystalline appearance. Flie descent from Chippewa creek to the grand pitch, distant one and a half mile, is - - - 92 Ft. And the grand pitch, is.170 TOTAL, 262 Animals swimming near the Rapids, above the great cataract, are instantly hurried to destruction. Just below the great pitch, the water and foam may be seen puffed up in large spherical figures; they burst at the top, and project a column of the spray to a prodigious height, and then subside, and are suc¬ ceeded by others, which burst in like manner. This appearance is most remarkable about half way be¬ tween the island that divides the falls, and the west side of the strait, where the largest column of water descends. The descent, into the chasm of this stu- NOR pendous cataraet is very difficult, on account of the great height of the banks; but when once a person has descended, he may go up to the foot of the falls, and take shelter behind the descending column of wa¬ ter, between that and the precipice, where there is space sufficient to contain a number of people in per¬ fect safety, and where conversation may be held with¬ out interruption from the noise, which is less here, than at a considerable distance. On Christmas night, 1795, a severe shock of an earthquake was felt here, and by which, a large piece of the rock that forms the fa¬ mous cataract was broken off. Niagara , a fort and post town in the state of New- York, situated on the east side of Niagara river, at its entrance into lake Ontario, and opposite to New¬ ark. Niagara Fort is a most important post, and se¬ cures a greater number of communications through a large country, than probably any other pass in interior America. It is about 9 miles below the falls: the fort was delivered up to the United States by the British in 1796. Nicholas Island. Isle de Quinte. Nipegon Lake, lies to the northward of lake Su¬ perior, about half way between it and Albany river, James’ bay. Nipissing, Lake, lies north-east of lake Huron, and is connected with it by the river Francois. Norfolk County, is bounded on the north and east by the county of Lincoln and the river Thames ; on the south by lake Erie, until it meets the Orwell river; thence by a line running north 16 degrees west, until it intersects the river Thames, and thence up the said river, until it meets the north-west boundary of the county of York. It sends, in conjunction with the 4th riding of the county of Lincoln, one representative to the provincial parliament. Norman, Marais, in the township of Newark, empties its waters into lake Ontario, about the centre of the township west of Niagara Fort, called the. Foqr Mile Pond. ONT North Channel, in the hay of Quinte, leads from John’s Island, southerly, between the townships of Sophiasburgh, Fredericksburgh, and Adolphus town. Northumberland County, is bounded on the east by the county of Hastings, and the carrying place of the Presqu’isle de Quinte ; on the south by lake Ontario, until it meets the westernmost point of Little bay; thence by a line running north 16 degrees west, until it meets the southern boundary of attract of land be¬ longing to the Missassaga Indians, and thence along that tract, parallel to lake Ontario, until it meets the north-westernmost boundary ot the county of Hastings. The county of Northumberland, comprehends all the islands near to it, in lake Ontario, and the bay of Quinte, and the greater part fronts lake Ontario. It sends, in conjunction with the counties of Hastings and Lenox, excepting Adolphus town, one represent¬ ative to the provincial parliament. Norwich Township, in the county of Norfolk, lies to the east of, and adjoining to Dereham. O. Oak Point, in front of the township of Ernest town, between the King’s mills and Tonagayon Bay. Ontario Lake, one of that grand chain of lakes which divide the United States from Upper Canada. It is situated between latitude 43 15, and 44 north, and longitude 76 and 79 west. Its form is nearly el¬ liptical ; its greatest length is from south-west to north¬ east, and its circumference about 600 miles. The di¬ vision line between the state of New-York and Canada, on the north passes through this lake, and leaves within the United States, 2,390,000 acres of the water of lake Ontario, according to the calculation of Mr. Hutchins. It abounds with fish of an excellent flavor, among which are the Oswego bass, weighing 3 or 4 pounds. Its banks in many places are steep, and the southern shore is covered principally with beach trees, and the lands appear good. It communicates with OSN lake Erie by the river Niagara. It receives the wa¬ ters of Genessee river from the south; and of Qnondago, at Fort Oswego, from the south-east, by which it com¬ municates, through Oneida Lake and Wood Creek, with the Mohawk River. On the north-east this lake discharges itself into the river Cataraqui, which at Montreal takes the name of St. Lawrence, into the Atlantic ocean. The islands are all at the eastern end, the chief of which, are Wolfe, Amherst, Gage, and Howe islands. Ontario County, consists of the following islands : Amherst Island, Wolfe Island, Howe Island, Gage Island, and all the islands between the mouth of the Gananoqui,tothe easternmost extremity of the late town¬ ship of Marysburgh, called Point Pleasant. It sends, in conjunction with the county of Addington, one re¬ presentative to the provincial parliament. Orford Township, in the county of Suffolk, distin¬ guished sometimes by Orford North and South, is the residence of the Moravians; it is bounded on the south by lake Erie, and w atered by the Thames to the northward. Orphan Island, in lake Ontario, lies off the east shore of Marysburgh, and near to it in Traverse Bay. Orwell River, (formerly river a la Barbue) rises in a long marsh towards the river Thames, and running southerly, discharges itself into lake Erie, between Landguard and the North Foreland, having about two and a half feet water on its bar. There is water enough for a loaded boat to go three miles up this river The land on each side, inmanyplaes, consists of large rich flats, adjoining the river, w hich appear at times to have been overflow ed; and on the adjacent highlands is a deep black soil. Osgoode Township, in the county of Dundas, is the second township on the east side of the Rideau, in ascending that river. Osnabruclc Townshijj, in the county of Stormont, is the fourth township in ascending the river St. Law r - rence. PAP Oswego Creeks, Great and Little , in the county of Lincoln, running into the river Welland, near the ® north-west part of the township of Wainlieet. 4 Ottawa, see Grand River. Otter’s Head, a remarkable high rock, on the north at shore of lake Superior, west of the river Rouge. e Oubesaoutegong’s Point, in Sophiasburgh^bky of i Quinte, is opposite to the peninsula in Thurlow. i, Ouse, (Grand river) rises in the country belongin'*- to the Chippewa and Missassaga Indians, and run- mgn southerly through the west riding of the county e of York, crosses the Dundas-street, and passing be- e tween the counties of Lincoln and Norfolk, dfsem- bogues itself into lake Erie, about half way between i, the North Foreland and fort Erie. The'baratthe mouth of this river has from 7 to 9 feet water ; it is about a cable and a half’s length from the mouth of the river to the middle of the bar. It is navigable 6 t R an y miles U P for small vessels, and a considerable e distance for boats. About 40 miles up this river is • the Mohawk village. The Senecas, Onondagos, Cay. augas, Augagas, Delawares, and Missassagas, have I also villages in different parts of this river; exclusive of which, there is a numerous straggling settlement, of Indians, from the vicinity of the Mohawk village, to within a few miles of the mouth of the river. . Oxford township, in the county of Grenville, lies in the rear, and to the northward of the townships of Edwardsburgh and Augusta, and is watered by the Rideau. Oxford, the Township of, upon Thames, in tin; western district, lies to the southward of Dundas- street, where the western end of that road meets the Upper Forks of the river Thames. P. Paps, the, two remarkable hills on the top of a high mountain, on the north shore of lake Superior, a lit¬ tle east of Shanguanoe. PET Paresseux, Portage des, on the south-westerly branch of the Ottawa river, above les Epingles. Patie Island, on the north coast of lake' Superior, near to the west cape of Thunder bay, and between isle Meniatte and the main. Peach Island is situated in lake St. Clair, about 7 miles higher up than Detroit, nearly opposite to where the Grand Marais communicates with that lake; it contains from 60 to 100 acres of land, tit for tillage, the other parts being meadow and marsh, are fit for pasture; there is little w ood on this island; it is not improved. Peches, Riviere aux , runs into lake St. Clair to the eastward of Peach Island, and westerly of river aux Puces. Pele, Point (or Point au Pie) now called the South Foreland, extending into lake Erie, between Land- guard and the mouth of Detroit river, is noted for its being a good place to winter cattle at, on account of the rushes which abound there. Pelham Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies to the south of Louth, and is watered by the Chippewa, or Welland. Penetangushene, a very good harbor at the east end of lake Huron, around which there is excellent land for settlement. Perch Cove, in Adolphus town, bay of Quinte, lies south of Bass Cove. Perches and Cave, Rapids de, on the south-west¬ erly branch of the Ottawa River, immediately above le Portage des Parresseux. Percy Township, in the county of Northumberland, in the rear and north of Cramahe. Pere, Pointe au, on the north shore of lake Supe¬ rior, east of Pointe aux Tourtes, and opposite to Isle de Minatte. Peter’s, St. Ray, on lake Ontario, in Marysburgh, lies a little to the eastward and southward of Little Sandy Bay. POR Pilkington Island, in lake Simcoe, parallel to Dar¬ ling Island. Philipeaux Isle, in the south-west of lake Superior, lies to the southward of Isle Royal, and between it and Kiaoan Point, on the south shore. Pic, Riviere au, empties itself into lake Superior on the north side west of Beaver Creek ; on this river dwell many Indians, called by other nations “the men of the land.” Pickering Township, in the east riding of the county of York, is situated between Whitby and Scarborough, and fronts lake Ontario. The river Nen runs through this township. Pigeon Bay, on the north shore of lake Erie, lies to the west of Point Pele. Pin, Portage du, on the south-west branch of the Ottawa River, between Portage de la Tortue and Portage des Talons. Pins, Pointe aux See Landguard. Pins, Pointe aux, or Fort Gloucester, lake Supe¬ rior. Pins, Pointe aux, on the river St. Lawrence, is in front of the township of Matilda, below Point Iro¬ quois. Pittsburgh Township, in the county of Frontenac, is the thirteenth township in ascending the river St. Lawrence. Plantagenet Township lies partly in the county of Glengary, and partly in Stormont; it is the fourth township in ascendiug the Ottawa river. Pleasant, Pointe, the easternmost extremity of the township of Marysburgh, at the entrance of the bay of Quinte. Portage, le Grand, on lake Superior, leads from the north-west of that lake to a chain of smaller lakes, on the communication to the north-western trading ports. Portage de plein Champ, on the south-westerly branch of the Ottawa River, above the main forks. H Portland Township , in the county of Frontenac, lies west of Loughborough, and nortli of Kingston. PoUohawk Point, on the Nortli Foreland, lies op¬ posite to Turkey Point on lake Erie. Presque Isle, in the river St. Lawrence, is in Ed- wardsburgh, nearly opposite to Hospital Island, and above Pointe au Gallope. Presque Isle, de Quinte. See Newcastle. Priests Island, in the river St. Lawrence, above Point Gallo. Prince Edward Bay, on the east shore of Marys- burgli, is made by Cape Yezey to the north, and Point Traverse to the south, in lake Ontario. Prince Edward County, is bounded on the south by lake Ontario; on the west by the carrying-place, on the isthmus of the Presque Isle de, Quinte; on the north by the bay of Quinte; and on the east from Point Pleasant to Point Traverse, by its several shores and bays, including the late townships of Amelias- burgh, Sophiasburgh and Marysburgh. The county of Prince Edward comprehends all the islands in lake Ontario, and the bay of Quinte near to it. It sends, in conjunction with A-lalphus town, in the county of Le¬ nox, one representative to the provincial parliament. Prince William’s Island, on lake Huron, (formerly called Isle Traverse) in Gloucester bay. Puces, Riviere aux, runs into lake St- Clair, to the eastward of Pechcs river. Q Queenstown is situated upon the Niagara river, about seven miles above Newark ; it is at the head of the navigation for ships, and the portage, occasioned by the falls of Niagara, commences here. There are huts enough to receive a regiment. It contains about 300 inhabitants. Quinte , Bay of,, which may be considered through¬ out as a harbour, is formed by a large peninsula, con¬ sisting of the townships of Ameliasburgh, Sophias- burgh and Marysburgli, extending easterly from isthmus, where there is a portage, at the head or west end of the bay, to point Pleasant, the easternmost ex¬ tremity of the peninsula, opposite to Amherst island. The river Trent empties itself into the head of the bay, to the eastward of the portage, and supplies it with the waters of the Iiice lake. To the. westward of the portage in lake Ontario, is the harbour of Pres¬ que Isle de Quinte, now called Newcastle. This peninsula of the three townships, called the county of Prince Edward, extending from the main land, like an arm, hides from lake Ontario the town¬ ships of Sidney, Thurlow, Adolphus town and Frede- ricksburgh, which front the north side of the bay. 1 he fertility of the soil about the bay of Quinte is generally allowed: the land is rich, easily worked, and produces several crops without manure; twenty- five bushels of wheat are often produced from an acre ; the timber is much like that of the other parts of the province, oak, elm, hickory, maple, &c. The bay is narrow throughout, and upwards of fifty miles long, all which distance it is navigable for those small ves¬ sels that are used on the lakes. An apparent tide is frequently noticed in the bay of Quinte, not dissimilar to those observed in some of the upper lakes. The bay abounds with wild fowl, and fish of various kinds. In passing from the head of the bay of Quinte into lake Ontario, you cross a very short portage in front of the township of Murray, be¬ ing the isthmus between it and the peninsula of Prince Edward; at the end of the portage, and before you enter lake Ontario, is a small lake, exceedingly beau¬ tiful, and the land on its banks extremely good: to the northward of this portage it is proposed to make a canal, to connect the waters of the bay with those of the lake. Quinte , Isle de , in lake Ontario, lies close off Ame- liasburgh, and opposite to the west point that makes Sandy bay. RAW R. Hables, Isles aux, several small islands at the en¬ trance of lake Superior, and at the east end thereof, east of White Fish island, and pretty close to the main land. Rabies , Pointe aux , in lake Superior, opposite to Isles au Rabies, the first point to the northward after you enter the lake from the falls of St. Mary. Raby Head , on the north shore of lake Ontario, in the township of Darlington. Rain Lake lies to the westward of a chain of long lakes, in the vicinity of the grand portage of lake Su¬ perior. The waters of this lake are supplied from sources near to the westernmost part of lake Superior; but are carried by a circuitous route into Hudson’s Bay. Rainham Township, in the county of Norfolk, is the first township fronting on lake Erie, west of the Grand river lands. Raisin Isles, in lake St. Erancis, lie between the mouth of the river aux Raisins and the point of that name; they are small and rocky. Raisin, Pointe, in lake St. Francis, lies to the east of pointe au Lac. Raisins, Riviere aux, runs through the townships of Osnabruck and Cornwall; the Indian land oppo¬ site to St. Regis, and the township, of Charlotten- burgli, emptying itself into lake St. Francis, near the south-east angle of the latter township. Raleigh Township, in the county of Essex, lies west of Harwich, the Thames bounding it on the north, and lake Erie to the southward. Rapid Plat, Isle au, in the river St. Lawrence, in front of the towuship of Matilda, contains about 200 acres. The soil is good, and lies partly in front of the township of Williamsburgh. Ruwdon Township, in the county of Hastings, lies in the rear, and north of Sidney. ROX lied River, on the north-east shore of lake Supe¬ rior, runs into that lake, a little more to the northward than isle Beaucliarnois. Ileddo, Petite Riviere, runs into the Ottawa river, in the township of Hawkesbury, above the river Mul- lashanou. Retreat Pointe, in Marysburgh, is near the head of Traverse bay, behind the north end of the western¬ most island, above Orphan island. Rice Lake, in the home district, from whence there is a portage 11 miles to lake Ontario; it discharges itself, by the river Trent, into the head of the bay of Quinte. Richmond Township, in the county of Lenox, lies north of Fredericksburgh, in the bay of Quinte, and is watered in front by the river Apannee. Rideau River, is in the eastern district, and running somewhat parallel to the river Petite Nation, empties itself into the Grand or Ottawa river, about three miles higher up. The land on each side of this river is very good for settlements. Roche, Capitaine, Portage, is on the Ottawa river, above riviere du Moine. Rochester Township, lies on lake St. Clair, be¬ tween Tilbury and Maidstone. Rock Point, on the north shore of lake Ontario, is to the eastward of point au Cheveaux. Rocky Island, in the river Detroit, lies on the east side of Grosse isle, and close to it; this island is»a rock, the stone of w hich is valuable for building and for lime. The rock is in strata, laying pretty regular. There is no wood on this island. Romney Township, in the county of Essex, lies south of Tilbury, on lake Erie, near the South Fore¬ land. Rouge River, on the north shore of lake Superior, discharges itself into that lake, west of pointe au Ca¬ lumet. Roxburgh Township, in the county of Stormont, lies in the rear of Cornwall. SAN Royal Isle , in the south-west of lake Superior, lies to the north of isle Philippeaux, north-east of West bay, and south of the Grand portage; it is about 100 miles long and 40 broad. Ruscom River, runs into lake St. Clair, between pointe aux Roches and Belle river: a loaded boat may go six miles up this river; the land is exceeding good on its banks ; there is a settlement of Indians a few miles up it. Russell Township, in the county of Leeds, li<» to the northward of Kitley. S. Sables, Riviere aux, runs into the south of lake Huron, south of the highlands, and easterly to where the waters of that lake descend into the river St. Clair. Salmon Creek, rises near the salt springs of the river Trent, and running northerly, discharges itself into that river among several small islands. Salmon Creek, runs into lake Ontario, near the centre of the township of Cramahe. Saltfleet Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies west of Grimsby, and fronts lake Ontario. Sandusky Island , in lake Erie, lies a little south¬ east of the Bass islands, and nearer to Sandusky bay. Sandwich Township, is situated upon the upper part of the Detroit river, and comprehends the old French, settlements. It lias a thriving town of the same name, a little below the fort at Detroit, on the east side of the river, where a gaol and court house have* been erected. Sandy Ray, on lake Ontario, in the township of Ameliasburgh, lies immediately east of, and close to the isle de Quinte. Santas, or St. Dusk’s Creek, a small stream emp¬ tying itself into lake Erie, east of Sangas Point; it affords a harbour for boats, having about three feet water on its bfir. SOP Sangas Point, or St. Dusk's point, on the north slioic of lcik.6 EriCj 6Rst of tlic riv gi* "YVsivciicy * tliis is the most projecting point between the mouth of the Oiise^ and the north Foreland. Saut, Long, third township, river St. Lawrence is the greatest rapid on this river. The current runs with great velocity; very few accidents, however, have happened in passing this rift, there being no sudden fall m it, except at the foot of the Saut. Scarborough Township, so noted for its high banks is in the east riding of the county of York, and lies lk O We ^ ° f tllC townshi P of Pickering, fronting Serpent le, is on the north shore of lake Huron, and lies east of Missassaga river, and to the west¬ ward of isle la Cloche. Severn River, conveys the waters of lake Simcoe ™ the northern extremity of that lake, into the head ol Gloucester bay and harbour, lake Huron. Shannon River, empties itself into the bay of (|umte, 10 or 12 miles above the Mohawk settlement. Shawnese Township, lies at the mouth of the river Chenal Lcartc, on the east side of the river St. Clair Ship Island, is of very small extent, and is situated between the Bass islands and Cunningham's island in lake Fne. Sidney Township, in the county of Hastings, is situated at the head of the bay of Quinte, immediatelv above lhurlow. Simcoe Lake, formerly lake aux Claies, is situated between Y ork and Gloucester, upon lake Huron; it has a few small islands and several good harbours ; a vessel has been built for the purpose of facilitating the communication to lake Huron by that route Sister, East and West, two small islands in lake lying near the Bass islands. ? reek ’ .runs into lake Ontario, in the east part of the township of Hope. Sophiasburgh Township, in the county of Prince i ' . ies to the, northward of Hallowell, in the bay of Quinte. STG Southwold Township, in the county of Suffolk, lies to the west of Yarmouth, having lake Erie for its southern boundary. Stamford Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies on the west side of Niagara river, and south of Newark. St. Clair Lake, lies between lake Huron and lake Erie, and is 1)0 miles in circumference. It re¬ ceives the waters of the three great lakes, Superior, Michigan and Huron, and discharges them through the river or strait called Detroit, into lake Erie. Its channel, as also that of the lake, is sufficiently deep for vessels of very considerable burthen. St. Clair River runs from north to south, being the strait between lake Huron and lake St. Clair. St. George's Island, one of the Bass islands, at the west end of lake Erie. St. John’s Creek, runs into lake Ontario in the town, ship of Whitby, east of Du Ifni’s creek. St. Mary's Falls, is situated between lake Superior and lake Huron, or, more strictly speaking, in the nar¬ rows between lake Supei'ior and lake George, a little above the mouth of Beaver river. On the south side of the falls, flat-bottomed vessels of 20 or 30 tons are frequently taken up and dow n. St. Regis is nearly on the 45th parallel of north latitude, and a considerable village of Indians con¬ verted to the Homan catholic faith, situated on the south shore of the river St. Lawrence, above lake St. Francis. ’■ St. Regis, Grande Isle, in the river St. Lawrence, and in front of the township of Cornwall, contains from 800 to 1000 acres. The soil is good. ’ St. Regis, Petite Isle, in the river St. Lawrence, and in front of the St. Hegis Indian land. The soil 1 is good. I * Stormont County, is bounded on the east by the county of Glengary; on the south by the river St. Lawrence, to the westernmost boundary of the town¬ ship of Osnabruck; and running north 24 degrees west, until it intersects the Ottawa river; thence de- SUP acending that river until it meets the north-west boun¬ dary of the county of Glengary. The county of Stor¬ mont comprehends all the islands in the river St. Law¬ rence, near to it, and the greater part of the county lies fronting the St. Lawrence. It sends one representa¬ tive to the provincial parliament. Sturgeon Lake, is to the west of the chain of lakes leading from the Grand Portage, and east of Lake la Pluie. Suffolk County is bounded on the east by the coun¬ ty of Norfolk; on the south by lake Erie, until it meets the carry ing place from point aux Pins unto the Thames; on the west by the carrying place, and thence up the river Thames, until it meets the north-westernmost boundary of the county of Norfolk. It sends, in con¬ junction with the county of Essex, one representative to the provincial parliament. Sugar-Loaf Hill , a small natural land-mark, on the north shore of lake Erie, between point Abino and the Grand river, on the boundary between the town¬ ships of Humberstone and Wainfleet. Superior, Lake, formerly termed the Upper Lake, from its northern situation. It may justly be termed the Caspian Sea of America, and is supposed to be the largest body of fresh water on the globe. Its cir¬ cumference, including the bays, is about 1500 miles. A great part of the coast is bounded by rocks and uneven ground. It is situated between 46 and 50 degrees north latitude, and between 80 and 92 west longitude. The water is very clear and transparent. If the sun shines bright, it is impossible, through this medium, to look at the rocks at the bottom, above a minute or two. Although the water, at the surface, is much warmed by the heat of the sun, yet, when drawn up at about a fathom depth, it is very cold. Storms are more dreadful here than on the ocean. There are many islands in this lake; two of them have each land enough, if proper for cultivation, to form a considera¬ ble province; especially isle Royal, which is not less than 100 miles long, and 40 broad. The natives sup T THA pose these islands to be the residence of the Great Spirit. This lake discharges its waters from the south-east corner, through "the straits of St. Mary, which are about 40 miles long, into lake Huron. All though about 40 rivers empty into Lake Superior, many of which are large, yet it does not appear that one tenth part of the water which it receives, is discharged by the above mentioned strait. A number of tribes live around the lake. It abounds with a great variety of fish. No very large rivers run into this lake; the prin¬ cipal are the St. Louis, the Nipigon, and the Michi- picoten. The lake is often covered with fog, which, when the wind is easterly, falls on the western shore in torrents of rain. The lines on the rocks surround- ing this immense lake, prove that the waters are about 6 feet lower than formerly. T. Talbot’s River^ empties itself into lake Simcoe, and on the east side thereof. Talons, Portage de, on the south-west branch of the Ottawa river, immediately above Rapides de Porches. Tegaogen, on the north shore of lake Ontario, lies about half way between York and the head of the bay of Quinte. J Thames Hirer, formerly called la Tranche, rises in the Chippewa country, and running south-westerly, washes the counties of York, Norfolk, Suffolk and Kent, and disembogues itself into lake St. Clair, above Detroit; it is a river of considerable extent, without tails. From its upper branches, it communicates by small portages with lake Huron, and the Grand river: the scite of Oxford is on its upper fork; and that in¬ tended for Dorchester on its middle fork; London on the main, and Chatham on its lower fork. It is a fine inland canal, and capable of being highly improved. T-he lands on its banks are extremely fertile. About the mouth of this river are large extensive marshes, or natural meadows, which, with the exception of TOR small tracts of woodland on the banks of the river, and a few woody islands, extend about twelve miles up the country, and about four or five miles in depth, affording hay sufficient for a numerous settlement, and abundance to spare. Thessalon River runs into lake Huron, a little to the eastward of Muddy lake, on the north shore. 1- homson’s Island lies near the entrance of the river St. Clair; it scarcely contains 200 acres of dry land, fit for tillage, but a great many acres of marsh. Thorold Township, in the county of Lincoln, lie* south of Grantham, and is watered by the river Wel¬ land. Thousand Islands, Lake of, so called from the mul¬ tiplicity of small islands it contains, is in the river St. Lawrence, opposite the townships of Leeds and Lans- down, at the entrance of lake Ontario, is 25 miles in length, and 6 broad. Thunder Ray, in lake Huron, lies to the eastward of Cabot’s head, and westward of Gloucester bay. Thurlow Township, in the county of Hastings, lies near the head of the bay of Quinte, and eastward of Sidney. Tilbury Township, in the western district, is situ¬ ated upon lake St. Clair, west of Raleigh, where the Thames disembogues itself into that lake. Tobacoke . See river Attokas. Tonagayon Ray, on lake Ontario, opposite to the east end of Amherst island, lies between Kingston and Ernest town. Tonianta River, runs into the river St. Lawrence, in the township of Yonge. Tonti Isle, now called Amherst island. Tonti, Petite Isle , opposite the mouth of Tonagay¬ on bay, and off Sandy point, the eastern extremity of Amherst island. Tonti River runs into lake Erie, west of Land- guard. Tortue, Portage de la, at the head of the south¬ west branch of the Ottawa river, near to the small TWO lake which joins the portage leading to lake Nipis- sing. Tourtes, Isle aux, in lake Ontario, lies off the south-west point of Wolfe island. Tower Point, the easterly point that makes Duck cove, in Marysburgh, and west of point Traverse, in lake Ontario. Townsend, the Township of, including what is called its gore, in the county of Norfolk, lies in the rear and to the north of Wood house. Traverse Bay, on lake Ontario, is made by cape Traverse and point Traverse, both in Marysburgh. Traverse Point, is the south-east point of Marys¬ burgh, in lake Ontario, near to the Duck islands: this point forms nearly a peninsula. Trent River, runs out of the Mice lake, and dis¬ charges itself into the head of the bay of Quinte. Some miles up this river there arc salt springs; three gallons of the water making one gallon of salt, the natives make sufficient for their use" Trois Chenaux Ecartes, Isle de, in the river St. Lawrence, opposite to the township of Osnabruck, contains from 6 to 700 acres ; the soil good. Turkey Island, sometimes called Petite Isle aux Indes, is situated in the river Deti'oit, between the lower end of Fighting island, and the marsh of the river Canards ; it lies in front of the north-west angle of the Huron reserve. Turkey Point, in the township of Cliarlotteville, situated in the bay of Long point. Lake Erie affords a harbor and a channel to it, of sufficient depth of water for any vessel; above the point is the town plot, and scite for the barracks. Turtle Island, a small island at the entrance of the Miami bay. Two Rivers, the, run into lake Ontario, near the centre of the township of Darlington, WES V. f aughan Township, in the east riding of the county of York, lies on the west side of Yonge-street, in the rear of ami to the northward of the township of York. I espy Cape, in the township of Maryshurgh, on lake Ontario, is the northern point which makes Prince Edward’s bay. W Wabuscommong, is one of the lakes on the com- munioation between lake Simeoe and the Rice lake. Wainfleet Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies west ot Humberstone, and fronts lake Erie, being watered by the Welland to the north. Walpole Township, in the county of Norfolk, lies west of Rainham, and fronts lake Erie. Walsingham Township, lies west of Charlotteville, in the county of Norfolk, having the bay and marsh of Long Point in its front. Wapose Island, in lake Ontario, lies off the north¬ erly point that makes Prince Edward’s bay, on the easterly shore of Marysburgli. Waveney River, in the county of Norfolk, rises in the township of Townsend, and running thence southerly through the townships of Woodhouse and Walpole, discharges itself into lake Erie, where it has about three feet water over the bar, and is a good harbor for batteaux. Wenitagonk, runs into lake Ontario, in the west part of the township of Clarke. West Bay, Great, comprehends all that part of the bay of Quinte, from John’s Island, upwards, to the head of the bay. West Lake, lies between Sandy Bay and Little Sandy Bay, on lake Ontario, east of the isle de Quinte, and is in the township of ^ophiasburgh. woo _ Western Disrtict, is bounded southerly by lake Erie; easterly by a meridian passing through the eastern extremity of Long Point, now the north Fore¬ land, and comprehends all the lands north-westerly of those boundaries, not included within the bounds of the Hudson’s Bay Company, or the territory of the United States ; the boundary which divides it from Louisiana is not well known, after reaching the sources of the Mississippi. ^ Westminster Township, is situated upon the river Thames, adjoining to London. Whitby Township, in the east riding of the county of York, lies west of Darlington and fronts lake On¬ tario. Whitchurch Township, in the east riding of the county of York, fronts Yonge-street, and lies to the northward of Markham. Whitefish Island, at the east end of lake Superior, a little west of the isle aux Babies, and near to which the lake forces its passage by the falls of St. Mary. Williamsburgh Township, in the county of Dundas, is the fifth township in ascending the river St. Law¬ rence. Willoughby Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies between Bertie, and the river Welland, on the west side of Niagara river. Winchester Township, in the county of Dundas, lies in the rear, and to the northward of Williamsburgh. Windham Township, in the county of Norfolk, lies in the rear, and north of Cliarlottevillc. Wolfe Island, in the county of Ontario, lies oppo¬ site to Kingston and Pittsburgh, in the narrow part, where lake Ontario forces into the St. Lawrence. Wolford Township, lies partly in the county of Grenville and partly in Leeds, in the rear and to the north of the townships of Elizabeth town and Augusta, and is washed by the river Bideau. Woodhouse Township, in the county of Norfolk, lies west of Walpole, and fronts lake Erie. Woods, Lake of the. See Lae du Bois. - YON Wye River, runs from a small lake near the north mL: ai “ f lakc Shncoe i ""*ei«uce S( Jb^Tt Y. I armouth Township, in the county of Norfolk lie* to the west of Houghton, and fronts lake Erie. * Ynrk”Sf* 1 *’t ee c- 1S thC i 'Pr ct commu nication from 1 oik to lake Simcoe, lately opened by Gov. Simcoe his street has been opened in a direct line. It is thirty miles from York to Holland’s River, at the Pine Fort, called Gwillimbury, where the road ends* trom thence you descend into lake Simcoe, and having passed it, there are two passages into lake Huron” the one by the river Severn, which conveys the wa- ters ot lake Simcoe into Gloucester Bay: the other by a small portage, a continuation of Yon-e-street to a small lake, which also runs into Gloucester Bay Vonge Township, in the county of Leeds, is the tenth township in ascending the river St. Lawrence Fork County consists of two ridings, the east and west. The east ruling is bounded on the east by the westernmost line of the county of Durham ; oh the south by lake Ontario, until it meets the eastern bound ary of a tract of land belonging to the Missassaga Indians ; on the west by the easternmost bounda?y line of the said tract, running north 16 degrees west the distance of twenty-eight miles, thence north -vi degrees east, fourteen miles, thence south 16 decrees east, sixteen miles to the southern boundary of the lands belonging to the Indians, and thence a Ion- the said tract parallel to lake Ontario, until it meets the north-westernmost boundary of the county of Durham The west riding of the county of York is bounded on the east by the westernmost line of a tract of land be longing to the Missassaga Indians, running north 4 7 degrees west, to the river Thames; on the south by Burlington bay, and the carrying place leading through the Mohawk village, to where it intersects the river YOR Thames; and thence up that river to the north-west¬ ernmost boundery of a tract of land belonging to the Missassaga Indians. It sends, in conjunction with the county of Durham and the first riding of the county of Lincoln, one representative to the provincial par¬ liament. York is in about 43 degrees and 35 minutes of north latitude, and is the present seat of the government of Upper Canada. It is most beautifully situated within an excellent harbor of the same name, made by a long peninsula, which confines a basin of water sufficiently large to contain a considerable fleet, on the extremity of the peninsula which is called Gibraltar point, are commodious stores and block-houses, which command the entrance to the harbor: on the main land, opposite to the point, is the garrison, situated on a fork made by the harbor and a small rivulet, which being im¬ proved by sluices, affords an easy access for boats to go up to the stores; the barracks being built on a knoll, are well situated for health, and command a delightful prospect of the lake to the west, and of the harbor to the east. The government house is about two miles above the garrison, near the head of tho harbor, and the town is increasing rapidly; the river Don empties itself into the harbor a little above the town, running through a marsh. The soil is excel¬ lent, and well watered with creeks, one of which, by means of a short dam, may be thrown into all the streets of the town. Vessels of all sizes may be con¬ veniently built here. The remains of the old French fort Toronto stand a little to the westward of the present garrison, and the river Humber discharges itself into lake Ontario, about two miles and a half west of that; on this river and the Don are mills, and all the waters abound in fish. In winter the harbor is frozen. The climate of York is temperate, and well shelter¬ ed from the northerly winds by the high lands in the rear. The Yonge-street leads from hence to lake Sim- ISLANDS. coe, and the Dundas-street crosses the rear of the town. York Township, is in the east riding of the county of York, and lies to the west of Scarborough, having the river Humber for its western limit; its front is prin- cipally occupied by a long sandy beach, which forms the harbour. The rest of the township in front is open to lake Ontario. SKETCH OF THE ISLANDS IN THE FOLLOWING LAKES OF UPPER CANADA. Bass Islands. Isle Bois Blanc. Isle Celeron. Cunningham’s Island. East Sister. Grosse Isle. Middle Island. Middle Sister. St. George’s Island. Ship Island. Turtle Island. West Sister. La Cloche. Duck Islands. Flat Islands. Grosse Isle. Isle Traverse. Manitou Islands. Michilimac kinac. Prince William’s Island. St. Joseph’s Island. Amherst Island. Isle la Barque. Carleton Island. Isle de Petit Catarqui. Cedar Island. Isle Cauchois. Isle au Cochan. Isle du Chene. > Lake Erie. Lake Huron, Lake Ontario. ISLANDS. or la Forte. > Lake Ontario. Duck Islands. False Ducks Isle la Force, Isle au Foret. Gage Island. Grand Isle. Gull Island. Howe Island. Nicholas Island. Orphan Island. Isle de Quinte. Petit Isle Tonti. Isle aux Tourtes. Wolfe Island. Wapoose Island. Island Chenal Ecarte. Harsen’s Island. Hay Island, Peach Island. Thompson’s Island. Isle Grange. Isle de Minatte. Michipicoten. Isle Montreal. Patie Island. Isle aux Rabies. White Fish Island. } j> Lake St. Clair. J 1 ! "“Lake Superior. ISLANDS. Duck Islands. False Ducks Isle la Force, or la Forte. Isle au Foret. Gage Island. Grand Isle. Gull Island. Howe Island. N icliolas Island. Orphan Island. Isle de Quinte. Petit Isle Tonti. Isle aux Tourtes. Wolfe Island. Wapoose Island. Island Chenal Ecarte. Harsen’s Island. Hay Island, Peach Island. Thompson’s Island. Isle Grange. Isle de Minatte. Michipicoten. Isle Montreal. Patie Island. Isle aux Rabies. White Fish Island. > Lake Ontario. } i Lake St. Clair. KLake Superior. - a* < ( ( if -- (PW. pn SJRoeK '// 1 ) #. 3 h >u ... T 7 T •A .CaoeDiamotii^^^L^ KTheClaaene J||i!§^k D .S!l r rsula ^^lllllk e .sfjohn - ^i WwmSL ¥ .TheJCotaJsc 0 Jiedcubl of Capo diamond r? ^pp||| R Royal Kedoubt and Barracks I Mauphine&rsJledou bt and barracks KMsuits Church LL Johns Calc yifalacc NJ&rtMZewt's SC Governors House OJTinc (sun Battery ¥ .Great Battery Q. Cathedral R. Seminary $. Jesuits College 1 .Church h Court Mouse Si V Sts <*> [J ja r a do V&yfMarket Maces X. Vrsul in cs 'iJIclelfXeu Z Jti lend an IsTa lace LSlJLewis Gate t lJnlren chmenls ti.Cul de Sac 4jCi/r<>'s yard (j)£ cks Tub tith'd Sjdarrow entrance into the lower Mown 'Three Gun Towers y Trier SC 1 SI L : V- Seal* of £000 Meet . raff* il>mi i*,-' APPENDIX AS the map which accompanies this work, is pro¬ fessedly a map of Upper Canada, the preceding part of the volume is principally devoted to an illustration ol that province: but as the most interesting part of -Lower Canada (viz. from Montreal on the west, to the city of Quebec on the east) is included in the map, the publishers have deemed it necessary to give some ge¬ neral remarks and observations on this part of the lower province, the principal towns, military posts, navigation of its waters, &c. &c. i he settlements in Lower Canada are principally confined to the borders of the river St. Lawrence. 1 his majestic river is justly regarded as the second in JN ortli America. It is not less than 90 miles wide at its mouth, where it embosoms the island of Anticosti, and about live miles wide near Quebec, to which it is navi¬ gable for ships of the line, although at the distance of 360 miles from the sea. Even as far as Montreal, it is from two to four miles in breadth. This noble river, although impeded with some rapids, affords a navigation of 740 miles from its mouth as far as lake Ontario. It is difficult to ascertain its source; but the name of St. Lawrence is confined to its course below lake Ontario, although the Niagara might, perhaps, without impropriety, be considered as the same river passing through the lake, like the Nile through that of Dembea. The breadth of the river St. Lawrence is its grand characteristic; its width gradually dimin¬ ishes from its mouth to the island of Orleans. The island of Orleans is in circumference about 48 miles, has a pleasing and fertile appearance, and pro¬ duces considerable quantities of grain. It is divided (QUEBEC. into five parishes; St. Pierre, St. Famille, St. Fran¬ cois, St. John and St. Laurent, and contains about 2000 inhabitants. The best channel is on the south side of the island. At the lower extremity of the island, the river is 16 miles broad; and at the upper, a basin, extending in every direction, is formed. At the approach to this basin, a number of objects com¬ bine to produce a lively and interesting prospect. The River JHontmorenci suddenly opens to view: it is seen precipitated in an almost perpendicular direc¬ tion, over a rock of the height of 246 feet. The breadth of the fall is 100 feet. The basin is bounded by steep cliffs, composed of grey lime slate, lying in inclined strata. Eight miles further up the river, is the capital of the province of Upper and Lower Canada. Quebec. In the year 1603, Samuel de Champlain, a man of enterprize and talent, after having surveyed the borders of the river, for the choice of a situation presenting the greatest conveniences for a settlement, gave the preference to an elevated promontory between the St. Lawrence and the small river St. Charles. The spot which Champlain designed as the foun¬ dation of a future city, did no less credit to his judg¬ ment than to his taste. Its superior altitude and na¬ tural strength, afforded the advantage of its being in time rendered, by the labours of engineers, a i*espect- able and formidable fortress. Cape Diamond, the summit of the promontory, rises abruptly on the south, to the height of 350 perpendicu¬ lar feet above the river, advances from the line of the banks on the west, and forms the Ance de Mer, a small harbour, occupied for the purpose of ship build¬ ing. Some uneven ground subsides into a valley, be¬ tween the works and the heights of Abraham; on the latter there are natural elevations, which are higher by a few feet, than any of the ground included within the fortifications. In 1690, Quebec was first fortified with eleven stone redoubts, which served as bastious, communicating with each other, by curtains composed of palisades QUEBEC. ten feet in height, strengthened in the interior with earth. No other defence was, for many years, pro vided against the hostile attempts of the Iroquois, and other savage tribes who were inimical to the French settlers. The ruins of five of these redoubts are yet The citadel is now constructed on the highest part of Cape Diamond, composed of a whole bastion, a cur¬ tain and half bastion, irom whence it extends alone the summit of the bank towards the north-east, this pait being adapted with flanks, agreeably to the situa ion of the ground. There are towards the south- west, a ditch, counter guard and covered way, with glacis. 1 he works have of late years, been in a great measure built, and raised to a pitch calculated to com¬ mand the high grounds in the vicinity. When viewed from a small distance, they exhibit a handsome appearance. A steep and rugged bank, about fifty feet in height, terminates the ditch and gla cis, on the north, towards which the ground slopes downwards from Cape Diamond, nearly 300 feet, in a distance of about 900 yards. Along the summit of the bank, a strong wall of stone, nearly 40 feet high, having a half and a whole flat bastion with small flanks, occupies a space 200 yards, to palace gate, at which there is a guard-house. From hence to the new works at Hope-gate, is a distance of about 300 yards. The rocky eminence increases in steepness and elevation as far as the bishop’s palace, near which there is a strong battery of heavy cannon, extending a considerable way along the brow of the precipice and commanding the basin, and part of the river. Be* tween the edifice now mentioned, and the lower town a steep passage, partly formed by nature, intervene*' over which there is a barrier, with a gate-way of stone, surmounted by a guard-house, and this commu nication is otherwise defended by powerful works of stone, under the palace on one side, aud on the other stretching upwards towards the government-house where the bank becomes considerably more elevated! QUEBEC. This building, which is dignified by the appellation ol chateau, or castle of St. Louis, is placed on the brink of a precipice, inaceessable, and whose altitude exceeds 300 feet. The building is supported by coun¬ ter-forts, rising to half its height, and sustaining a gallery. The apartments are occupied as offices for the civil and military branches, acting immediately under the orders of the governor general of British America, who likewise commands the troops; and whose residence is in a building of more modern con¬ struction, forming the opposite side of a square. Up¬ on the brink of the precipitous rock, a stone wall is extended Irom the old chateau, for a distance of a- bout 800 yards to the westward, which forms a line of defence, and serves as a boundary to the garden, with¬ in which, are two small batteries, one rising above the other. Cape Diamond, nearly 300 feet higher than the ground, on which the upper town is situated, presents itself to the westward. Erom the garrison there are five gates or outlets to the neighboring country; the highest, Port St. Louis, opens to the westward, and towards the heights of Abraham; Port St. John, to¬ wards St. Foix, through which is the road to Montreal; Palace and Hope gate opens towards the river St. Charles, and the north ; and Prescott gate affords a communication to the lower town, on the south east. In most of the public buildings no great degree of taste or elegance can be discovered, although much labor and expence must have been bestowed on their construction. The architects seem principally to have had in view strength and durability, and not to have paid much regard to those rules of their art which combine symmetry with utility. The cathedral church of the catholics, is a long, el¬ evated and plain building of stone, with the spire on one side of its front; the internal appearance is neat and spacious, and is capable of containing about 8,000 persons. QUEBEC. Hie jesuits’ college is a large stone edifice of three areaTnhf cent ne ^7 a «l«» figure, containing an * * lts ® , re ; 1418 n °w converted into a cornmo- uious barrack lor the troops. a built,ins ° f some exten ^ luee sides of a square, open towards the north-east; ndei it is a spacious garden, which extends near the precipice on the east, and overlooks the lower town. scite et lfice ! have latel *v been ^ected upon the tbIirnt in be o«T naS , e ^ and church of thc Rccollets, p,' ™; m v ij J6) 01 * the western side of the spot called dnwcb t? m ti S ? h i e ° nC , a P rotestant metropolitan chuich, the other a house for the courts of law. 1 Thev are both constructed with the best materials which this Cl“ome e 4T lry ’ an< ' CXeCUtC<1 “ 1 " ea ‘ H .. ot ® 1 Die ’b with its gardens, occupies a large . , 1 ° Ground. It consists of a superior and 27 sisters, whose principal occupation is to assist, and to administer medicines and food to invalids of both sexes. The convent of the Ursulines is possessed by a superior and 36 nuns, who are chiefly engaged in the instruction of young women. The building is spa- cious, and has extensive gardens annexed to it. Another edifice on the north side of the town, ex tending m length from palace gate to the ramparts on the west, upwards of 500 feet in length, contains a number of vaulted apartments, and is occupied for the office of ordnance, for barracks for the Artillery for an armoury, store houses and work shops, and for a public gaol, which forms the east end of the buildin°* ^ The general Hospital, on the banks of the sT Charles, about a mile westward of the garrison con¬ sists of a superior and 37 sisters. . streets of Quebec are, in consequence of its situation, irregular and uneven; many of them are narrow, and but very few paved. The houses are built of stone, of unequal heights, and covered, in general, with roofs of boards. QUEBEC. The lower town, which is the principal place of commerce, occupies the ground at the basis of the promontory, which has been gradually gained from the cliffs on one side, by mining, and from the river on the other, by the construction of wharves. The channel is here about a mile in breadth, to point Levi, on the opposite shore, and its greatest depth at high water, is 30 fathoms, the anchorage being every where safe and good. Since the year 1793, ship building has been car¬ ried on Avith considerable success, and vessels of ev¬ ery description and dimensions, from fifty to a thou¬ sand tons burthen, have been constructed. The ma¬ terials are found in abundance in the country. As the tide usually rises 18 feet, and at spring tides 24 feet, there is no difficulty in finding situations for dock yards. The rock, of which the promontory of Quebec is composed, consists of a species of black lime slate, varying in thickness ; Avhich, although apparently compact, may by the stroke of a hammer, be shivered into very thin pieces, and by exposure to the influence of the weather, it moulders into soil. A number of the houses of the toAvn, are built of this stone, and there is a mode of placing it, by which, in masonry, its durability may be prolonged. The inhabitants, comprehended in Quebec, and in the suburbs of St. John and St. Roeh, may be com¬ puted at 15,000. In ascending the St. Lawrence from Quebec to Mont¬ real, the country on either side that river becomes less diversified, but richer in soil and more improved in cul¬ tivation. The banks, which are abrupt and precipi¬ tous, open into several little bays, intermixed with rocks, woods and settlements. On the north side, at the distance of tAvo miles from the town, is Wolfe’s Cove, the place at Avliicli the celebrated general of that name disembarked his army, previous to the battle on the heighths of Abraham. ST. PETER. aud r v“egS.‘° “"W* “» «■ b-tiful Cape Rouge, eight miles from Quebec is a lniw monnlams to the north, runs into the St. Lawrence* 1 " 0 l»e river Chaiidiere empties itself into the St I aw rence, about eight miles south-west of Quebec Be mouth is confined by woodv banks anil ?'• * de & f r «% i*?&rs :;:ir ie size. Ibis stream flows from lake Me-antir Tii n v:: rx north and “*»-*•* fom d e s:s The falls are about four miles from its mouth TI.p 1 V a r b ° Ut ° ne hundred an d twenty 1 yards^bi theifLta in ‘bo basin beneath rock forces a part of the waters in an oblique direc pice. andadvanees thera beyond the line of the preci- The river Jaques Cartier is about thirty miles from Quebec j its breadth here is three hundred yards and contiguous are extensive corn mills. Salmon are caught in abundance in this river. huUUIIow.' 1 ” 0 iS “ s ‘ re am of'considerable width, ^ Uke ff- P ef er T is f ormed by an expansion of the waters of the St. Lawrence, from the breadth of from fifteen to twenty miles, and its length is twentv one miles: several small rivers here discharge their waters At the upper end of the lake a variety of small islands are interspersed, some of which afford rich pastur- age , these are the only islands that occur in the chan- S i river > fro m Orleans, a distance of one hundred and seventeen miles ; from hence to lake On tano are frequent clusters of islands, some of which arc of great beauty and fertility. SOREL. r l\ois Rivieres , is situated on the banks of the St. Lawrence, close to the mouth of the river St. Maurice, the largest of upwards of thirty that fall into the St. Lawrence, on the north-west side alone, between Que¬ bec and Montreal. This river, before it unites with the St. Lawrence, is divided into three streams by two large islands, so that to a person sailing past its mouth, it appears as if three distinct rivers disembogued at, the one spot; from hence it is that the town of Trois Rivieres receives its name. The St. Maurice is not navigable for large vessels, neither is it for sloops more than a few miles above its mouth. Trois Rivieres contains about 300 houses, and ranks as the third town, in point of size, in the provinces. It is one of the oldest settlements in the country. It is a level barren tract, and so sandy, that in walking along many of the streets of the town, and the roads in the neighbourhood, you sink into the sand at every step above the ankles. The sand is of a whitish co¬ lour, and very loose. The streets in Trois Rivieres are narrow, and the houses in general small and indifferent; many of them are built of wood. There are two churches in the town, the one an English episcopalian, the other a large Roman catholic parish church, formerly served by the Recollets, or Franciscan friars, but the order is now extinct in Trois Rivieres. The birch canoes made at Three Rivers are put together with the utmost neatness, and on the water they appear very beautiful. The town of Sorely or William Henry, is agreea¬ bly situated at the confluence of the Sorel or Cham- bly River, with the St. Lawrence, and contains a pro- testant and Roman Catholic church, and about 100 houses. The chief business carried on here is ship building. The Sorel River takes its rise from lake Cham¬ plain, running north through a fertile and pleasant country; its borders are adorned by several valuable and productive farms. The Isle aux Noix is situated in this river, about 8 miles north of the line sepai’at- MONTREAL. ing the United States from Lower Canada. It con¬ tains about 50 acres. The British have here a fort and garrison. The town and fort of St. John lies on the west bank of the Sorel or Richelieu. It contains hbout 50 miserable wooden dwellings, and barracks tor troops. J he fort is composed of cedar pickets and earth. Chamblv fort lies about eight miles north of St. John s. It is built ot stone, in a quadrangular lorm, and has the appearance of a castle; it is the only edifice in this part of America, which has any resemblance to that ancient mode of structure. The country around Chambly exhibits a romantic aspect; the river in this part, shallow and broken, rushes down a declivity interrupted by rocks; an extensive and elevated mountain rears aloft, in the midst of level lands, and confines beneath its conical summit, a lake of pure water. The river Sorel is deep at its mouth, and affords a good shelter for ships irom the ice at the breaking up of winter: it is not navigable far beyond the town, even in boats, on account of the rapids. Montreal. The length of the island of Montreal is thirty miles, and its mean breadth about seven, its circumference seventy miles. The city, hi lat. 45 33, long. 73 37, is placed on the south side of the island, whose banks are here from ten to fifteen feet from the level of the water. It is built in the form of a parallelogram, extending from north to south. A deep and rapid current flows be¬ tween the shore and the island of St. Helena, a stron°- north-east wind is therefore necessary to carry vessels up to the town. The streets are regularly disposed, one of them ex¬ tending nearly parallel to the river, through the whole length of the place ; they are of sufficient width, being intersected at right angles by several smaller streets, which descend from west to east. The upper street is divided into two by the Roman catholic church, ad¬ joining which there is a large open square, called the Place d'armes. MONTREAL. The habitations of the principal merchants are neat and commodious, and their storehouses are spacious and secure against risk from fires ; they are covered with sheet-iron or tin. The town was inclosed with a stone fortification, which having long since fallen to ruins, is now in a great measure levelled or removed. It was thus for¬ tified to guard its inhabitants against the frequent ir¬ ruptions of the Iroquois ; the walls were never in a state to resist the attack of a regular army. Montreal is divided into the upper and lower town, although the difference of level between them exceeds not fif¬ teen feet. In the latter is the public market, held twice in each week, and the hotel-dieu: the upper town contains the cathedral, the English church, the convent of recollets, that of the sisters of notre dame, the seminary, the government house, and the new court of law. The religious edifices are constructed with more solidity than taste, and all of them are possessed of extensive gardens. The hotel-dieu, founded in 1614, has a superior and thirty nuns, whose principal occupation consists in administering relief to the sick, who are received into that hospital. The general hospital stands on the bank of the river, and is separated from the town by a small rivu¬ let ; it contains a superior and nineteen nuns. A natural wharf, very near to the town, is formed y the depth of the stream and the sudden declivity pf the bank. J The town contains from 12 to 16,000 inhabitants. 1 he mountain is about two miles and a half distant 10 m the town, The land rises at first by gentle gra- nations, and is chiefly occupied for gardens and or- phards, producing apples and pears of a superior quality. 1 he more steep part of the mountain con¬ tinues to be shaded by their native woods. The north¬ ern extremity, which is the most lofty, assumes a more abrupt acclivity, with a conical form, and the remains pt a crater of a volcano are found among the rocks, MONTREAL. ™i 3cs^.iri sr dred feet “ b »ve <■» wards of two miles torn S h T’ “intends op. towards the centre, over whin! 1 SOl ! th ’ subsiding again rising in rugged masses Hr n r ? a< ^. P asses > and bouse and gardens*belonginr to a^^ Wlth . tr , ee I s * A members of the seminary occupied by the the eastern declivity. ^ a »reeably situated on from Quebec,''(mjo’ys'a rnorcT *”''1 J® minutes south soil is richer,’ «««*. The as at Quebec, by the snacp „f , Wmter is not so long periority with respect to Hit. t*** ^ ee ^ s - This su- preferable to Quebec as a nil te „ and S0I b renders it Tim markets are more abm Zif C ° USt ? at resid articles of living are sold a a SUpplied > and «» especially during winter when ih ^ifT^ 1 ® P rice > United States, who re’ilon 1 ° laha , bitants ‘>fthe Lower Canada, bring for sale tl^ ,orderin § on farms; quantities of cod an.l n ^ of their state, are likewise conveyed / l.blT ^ a frozen Boston. ^ c< tlnther in sleighs from The island contains nine parishes- t !st. Genevieve, St. 4 nn e pJ tl r„rf, s ’ Laurent, Trembles, Longue Pointe Saul! Tointe any des Prairies and La Chine &U ^ eco let ’ Biviere , Upper Canada, are embarked in l, >u a,U , S ores tor up the St. Lawrence, and in birch V Caux ’ to Proceed the Grand River. The batteanv ,^ 110e ^ to ascend their departure from La Chine in 1C ” J oaded > take four to eight or ten together that ,, ,lum ,ers of from enabled to afford aid to each oW • be ties and laborious exertions ren..;’ the dlffic uL voyage to Kingston ; the time of Si ln . ( ‘ ffecl 1 i ”§ *e from ten to twelve days. Ahn.i/«^1 “ in S wln ch, is ployed on this route. From ®n ^ re em " employed by government fm- t ~ ° ^.° are Lkewise for the troops, 'and stores for the eSpaX^' ST. LOUIS. &c. There are thus engaged about 350 men, whose occupation is, during the summer months, to struggle against the most tremendous rapids. Besides these, near 400 men ascend in bark canoes, by the Grand river of the Ottawa, in a direct course to St. Joseph’s, on lake Huron. Lake St. Louis , formed by the junction of part of the Ottawa river Avith the St. Lawrence, is about 10 miles wide, and contains the Isle Perrot, the parish of Chateau-gaye, and several small islands, are on the south-east side of the lake, into which the cascades furiously pour their billows, and seem to prohibit to the traveller any further progress by Avater. The batteaux are conducted to the western side, and ascend the first locks, at the top of Avliich they are unloaded, and the goods are carted from thence, along a road on the borders of the river, as far as tiie village of the Cedars, a distance of five miles. The cascades are about two miles in length, and Aoav among three dif¬ ferent islands. The rapidity and force of the stream, arising from the great declivity of its bed, and the number of rocks and cavities which it contains, causes it to break into masses of foam. The rapids of the Cedars , are about three miles dis¬ tant from the highest part of the cascades, and are formed amid a cluster of islands. The river, about a mile and a half above, assumes a sudden declivity and a Avinding course. Although this course is not unaccompanied by danger, the Canadians are in gene¬ ral so experienced and expert, that few accidents occur. The village of the Cedars is charmingly situated on the banks of the St. Lawrence. It contains a church and about 50 houses. At the Cateau du lac St. Francois, the batteaux again ascend by locks by the interposition of islands, the river here divides itself into three considerable branches, in Avhicli the Avaters, dashing with ceaseless impetuosity, cover the surface of the stream with foam. After passing a point of land above the rapids, lake ST. LOUIS. St. Francis discloses itself to the eye. On the north side, and about the middle of its extent, is situated Pointe an Bodet , the boundary between the two pro¬ vinces. 1 FINIS.