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HISTORY 
 
 L 
 
 AXI> 
 
 MONTREAL. Bouthwick, J. Douglas. 
 
 treal to 1892. l"“ s - 53 *I'P- 1892 ' 
 
 520 — — . 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL 
 
 TO THE 
 
 YEAR 1892. 
 
 BY 
 
 REV. J. DOUGLAS BORTHWICK, LL.D., 
 
 Fellow of “ The Chicago College of Science ” and Member of “ The Canadian Society of Literature.” 
 
 AUTHOR OP 
 
 “ Antonomasias of History and Geography ” — iC Cyclopccdia of History and Geography — “ The 
 British American Reader ,” — “ The Harp of Canaan ” — “Battles of the World," — “ Every 
 Man's Mine of Useful Knowledge," — “ Elementary Geography of Canada — 
 
 “ History of Scottish Song” — “Montreal, Its History and Biographical 
 Sketches f No. I. — “ The Tourist's Guide to the Waterfalls of 
 Canada ” — “ Borthwick Castle ," — “History 
 of ihe Montreal Prison, prom 1784 to 1887,” — 
 
 “ History of Cyprus — “ History of India ," — “ Summer 
 Rambles in Scotland and England in 1888,” — “The Commercial Register," etc., etc . 
 
 “CONCORDIA. SALUS.” 
 
 MONTREAL : 
 
 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY JOHN LOVELL & 
 
 23 and 25 St. Nicholas Street. 
 
 1892. 
 
 SON, 
 

TO 
 
 Lord Mount Stephen, 
 
 MONTREAL. 
 
 I have much pleasure in dedicating- this volume on the History 
 and Biographical Gazetteer of Montreal to your Lordship, for the 
 following reasons : — 
 
 i st. You have been a citizen of Montreal nearly all your life, “a citizen of no 
 mean city ” ; 
 
 2nd. You have been connected with the progress of the City for many years, 
 and in many ways ; 
 
 3rd. You have been intimately connected with, and instrumental in, beginning 
 and developing that great undertaking, “ The Canadian Pacific Railway which now 
 spans this Continent, and of which you were once the President ; 
 
 4th. You are one of the two who have given to the City of Montreal “ The 
 Jubilee Victoria Hospital” — a gift, in conjunction with that of Sir Donald Smith’s, of 
 such amount that it stands one of the largest ever donated in this country for a public 
 purpose ; 
 
 5th. But especially because Her Most Gracious Majesty The Queen, in recog- 
 nizing worth, has raised you to the Peerage of Great Britain, under the title of the 
 highest and most magnificent of all the Canadian peaks of the Rocky Mountains — 
 “Lord Mount Stephen '—which title I pray you may be long spared to bear, and, 
 with “ Lady Mount Stephen enjoy years of health and happiness, not only in Old 
 England, but in that City which feels proud of you and your well-earned honors — 
 Montreal. 
 
 I remain, 
 
 Your Lordship’s obedient servant, 
 
 J. DOUGLAS BORTHWICK. 
 
 Montreal, November, 1891. 
 
: 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Several books on Canadian Biography have been printed since I issued the first 
 one, in book form and illustrated, sixteen years ago. They generally take in the 
 whole Dominion — this present volume is devoted to Montreal alone. I have 
 endeavored to make this volume of such particular character, that it may become of 
 some value as a book of reference and a guide in which many interesting items (in 
 connection with the old and modern families of the City) will be found therein. The 
 History of Montreal will be an important item of the work. Very many items of 
 historical interest were exhumed by me from the Records of the Court House and 
 the Montreal Gaol relative to the old customs and manners of our citizen fore- 
 fathers, and during some of the stirring periods of her history. A few extracts from 
 men of note and position, and who are calculated to be the best judges of these 
 things, will give a fair idea that I have done something towards saving from oblivion 
 the interesting memorials of Montreal and its environs. The well-known Canadian 
 Litterateur, J. M. Le Moine, Esquire, of Quebec, writes : “ I must commend your 
 broad and liberal views of matters generally affecting the Colony.” 
 
 Honble. Judge Baby, of the Historical Society, as its President, says “ They 
 contain a most excellent resume of the subject you treat of; ” and in writing of the 
 Records of Montreal he says that they “contain much valuable information for 
 
 which the public is certainly indebted to you.” 
 
 This is endorsed by Mr. J. M. Le Moine, one of the best of all Canadian Litterateurs 
 and writers, when he says in a letter of date ist July, 1890 : “ I have read with much 
 interest in the Star your history of the origin of the names of the Montreal streets, 
 and hope it will be preserved in the more durable shape of a brochure. Such infor- 
 mation, I am sure, will find thousands of readers in Montreal and elsewhere.” 
 
 L. O. David, Esquire, the well-known writer and Historian of 1837-38, etc., says : 
 T’a'i lu avec le plus grand inter&t le livre que vous venez de publier sur les evene- 
 ments de 1837-38. Vous avez le merite d’avoir fait connaitre une foule de details 
 
 et de documents officiels relatifs a ces 6v6nements.” . 
 
 Louis J. A. Papineau, Esquire, son of the famous Leader, writing from Monte 
 Bello ” savs “ It is full of statistical facts that were generally unknown, and which 
 must 'have cost you much care and research. It is a precious collection to add to 
 
 our historical records.” . 
 
 Rouer Roy, Esquire, says It certainly reflects great 
 
 to collect all possible information on the subject. 
 
 credit on your efforts 
 
6 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The History of Montreal, in the first part of this volume, will contain, then, a 
 very large amount of items culled from all the writings of the Author for years past, 
 and this feature will give it, I believe, much more interest than that of any previous 
 work on the same subject. 
 
 To all who have assisted me in the literary part, and especially to P. S. Murphy, 
 Esquire, for his interesting article in La Croix Rouge , I return my sincere thanks. 
 Many of the Biographical sketches will be read with much interest. Interwoven 
 with them are numerous items of History which otherwise would never have seen the 
 light of day. 
 
 Lastly, to all my patrons and subscribers, I return my most hearty thanks for 
 the promptitude and readiness shown in enabling me to bring out the work. 
 
 J. DOUGLAS BORTHWICK. 
 
 Montreal, November, 1891. 
 
f 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 B\ the first missionaries sent out to Canada from France it was soon perceived 
 that the occupation and defence of the Island of Montreal was an object of the 
 greatest importance, nay rendered indeed imperative, if the French wished to retain 
 authority in the Island; but “The Company” in France were unwilling to second 
 their views in this respect. It fell, therefore, to the lot of some private individuals to 
 accomplish this good design. Several persons in France, full of religious zeal, formed 
 themselves into a Society consisting of thirty-five members, for the purpose of colon- 
 izing the Island of Montreal. It was proposed that a French village should be 
 established, and be well fortified, that the poorer class of emigrants should there find 
 an asylum and employment, and the rest of the Island be occupied by such friendly 
 tribes of Indians as should embrace Christianity, or wish to receive religious instruc- 
 tion ; and it was hoped that in time they might become accustomed to civilized life. 
 The greater part of the Island had been granted to Messrs, ('harrier and Le Royer, 
 whether disposed of by them or forfeited to the Crown does not appear from any 
 official record that has been preserved. The king, however, ceded the whole of it, 
 in 1641, to this Society, who took formal possession of it, at the conclusion of a grand 
 mass which was celebrated on the occasion. The following year M. de Maisonneuve, 
 one of the Associates, brought out several families from France, and was appointed 
 Governor of the Island. “ On the 18th of May, 1642, the spot destined for the City 
 was consecrated by the Superior of the Jesuits, who also dedicated a small chapel, 
 hastily constructed, in which he deposited The Host. This ceremony had been pre- 
 ceded three months before by a similar one in Paris, where all the Associates went 
 together to the Church of Notre Dame; those of them who were priests officiated, 
 and all supplicated the “Queen of Angels ” to take the Island under her protec- 
 tion. The ceremony, at Montreal, was celebrated on the 18th of August; a great 
 number, French and Indians, were present, and nothing was omitted which could 
 give to the natives a lofty idea of the Christian Religion. Thus “a few houses,” 
 as Bouchette observes, “built close together in the year 1642 on the site of the 
 Indian village of Hochelaga, was the commencement of the City of Montreal, or, 
 as it was first named. “ Ville Marie.” Parkman, the Historian, thus speaks of this 
 interesting event : — 
 
 “ Maisonneuve sprang ashore and fell on his knees. His followers imitated 
 his example; and all joined their voices in enthusiastic songs of thanksgiving. 
 Tents, baggage, arms and stores, were landed. An altar was raised on a pleasant 
 spot near the landing, and Mademoiselle Mance, with Madame de la Peltrie, aided 
 by her servant, Charlotte Barre, decorated it with a taste which was the admiration 
 
g HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 of the beholders. Now all the company gathered before The Shrine. Here stood 
 Vincent in the rich vestments of his office. Here were the two ladies wi 1 
 servant; Montmagny, no very willing spectator; and Maisonneuve, a warlike hgu , 
 erect and tall— his men clustering around him. They kneeled m reverent slier 
 as The Host was raised aloft; and when the rite was over, the priest turned ana 
 addressed them : ‘ You are a grain of mustard seed that shall rise and grow till its 
 
 branches overshadow the earth. You are few, but this work is the work of God. 
 His smile is on you, and your children shall fill the land.’” 
 
 Of the truth of this good man’s prophecy, we, living 250 years afterwards, have 
 an abundant proof. The small mustard seed has indeed become a great tree, and 
 the various nations of the Old World have lodged and are lodging in the branches 
 
 'thereof. . . u 
 
 “The afternoon waned, the sun sank behind the western forest and twilight 
 
 came on. Fireflies were twinkling over the darkened meadow. They caught them, 
 tied them with threads into shining festoons and hung them before the altar. Then 
 they pitched their tents, lighted their fires, stationed their guards, and lay down 
 to rest. Such was the birthnight of Montreal.” 
 
 Another writer (Sandham) says thus “ The following morning they proceeded 
 to form their encampment — the first tree being felled by Maisonneuve. They worked 
 with such energy that, by the evening, they had erected a strong palisade, and had 
 covered their altar with a roof made of bark. 
 
 “ Oil the evening of this memorable day, Maisonneuve visited the Mountain. 
 Two old Indians who accompanied him, having conducted him to the summit, told 
 him that they belonged to the nation which had formerly occupied the country he 
 beheld. ‘We were/ said they, ‘a numerous people by us. The Hurons drove 
 from thence our ancestors, some of whom took refuge with the Abenaquis, some 
 with the Iroquois, and some remained with their conquerors.’ The Governor urged 
 the old men to invite their brethren to return to their hunting-grounds, assuring 
 them that they should want for nothing, and that he would protect them from every 
 attack of their enemies. This incident awakened feelings of no ordinary interest 
 in the bosom of the Governor. The unbounded tract that opened itself to his 
 view discovered to him dark, thick, and deep forests, whose height alone was a 
 proof of their antiquity. Large rivers came down from a considerable distance to 
 water these immense regions. Everything appeared grand. Nature here displayed 
 great luxuriancy. ,, 
 
 “ It was some considerable time after their arrival before their enemies, the 
 Indians, were made aware of it. and they improved the time by building some 
 substantial houses and in strengthening their fortifications. In this way they passed 
 the Summer, and all seemed bright, when in the month of December the River St. 
 Lawrence rose rapidly and threatened to destroy the result of their toil. The flood 
 rose until it filled the fort and ditch and reached the foot of their fortifications ; 
 but it then receded slowly and they were safe.” 
 
[ 
 
 V 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL, 
 
 9 
 
 “ While the water was rising, Maisonneuve made a vow that, should the danger 
 be averted, he would cause a cross to be made, and would bear the same upon his 
 shoulders and fix it on the top of the mountain. He now proceeded to fulfil his 
 vow, and in January, 1643, he set his men to work to clear a road up the mountain. 
 When this was completed, they formed a procession, headed by one of the Jesuits, 
 and followed by Maisonneuve ‘ bearing a cross so heavy that he could scarcely 
 ascend the mountain. * When they arrived at the highest crest of the mountain, the 
 cross was erected, and all knelt to worship before it. Mass was said and the Sacra- 
 ment was administered to Madame de la Peltrie.” 
 
 The Indians were continually a source of great trouble, anxiety and danger to 
 these early settlers, as indeed they were for two hundred years afterwards to settlers 
 all over the Continent of America. These Red Men would watch sometimes for 
 days for any one to pass the palisades, and then pounce upon the unfortunate straggler, 
 tomahawk him, scalp him, and brutally murder him. This occasioned Maisonneuve 
 to order that no man should go out or be near the outside walls without permission, 
 which rule was imputed by his men to cowardice on the part of their leader. This 
 so galled him that he determined to show that he was as brave as they were, and 
 ordered his men to prepare to attack the enemy and he would lead them himself. 
 
 “ He sallied forth at the head of thirty men, leaving d’Aillebout with the balance 
 to hold the fort. After they had waded through the snow for some distance, they 
 were attacked by the Iroquois, who killed three of his men and wounded several 
 others. Maisonneuve and his party held their ground until their ammunition began 
 to fail, and then he gave orders to retreat, he himself remaining to the last. The 
 men struggled onward for some time facing the enemy, but finally they broke their 
 ranks and retreated in great disorder towards the fort. Maisonneuve, with a pistol 
 in each hand, held the Indians in check for some time. They might have killed him, 
 but they wished to take him prisoner. Their chief, desiring this honor, rushed for- 
 ward ; but, just as he was about to grasp him, Maisonneuve fired and he fell dead. 
 The Indians, fearing that the body of their chief would fall into the hands of the 
 French, rushed forward to secure it, and Maisonneuve passed safely within the fort. 
 From that day his men never dared to impute cowardice to him.” 
 
 One of the most effective of the guardians of the fort was a female dog named 
 “ Pilot ” and a number of other well-trained sagacious dogs. Every morning regu- 
 larly these animals, headed by “ Pilot,” would patrol and make a reconnoitering 
 tour all over the town. It is said she trained her own young to be most valuable 
 allies to their masters. Whenever these dogs perceived any traces of the Iroquois, 
 and more especially when “ Pilot ” had discovered any signs, then back they ran to 
 the fort, giving a particular bay to intimate that danger was nigh. Then the colonists 
 became alert, and they had need to be, for already had five Frenchmen fallen before 
 the deadly tomahawk of the Iroquois. Guillaume Boissier, the first person buried 
 in Montreal— one of the five— was reverently laid in the little cemetery at “Pointe 
 a Callteres.” Abbe Verreau asks why this spot and many others have not tablets 
 
10 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 erected to commemorate tire event of each locality ? The citizens of Montreal have 
 at last bestirred themselves, and many tablets are being placed throughout the City in 
 
 connection with his suggestion. .. 
 
 In the year 1644, the whole Island became the property of the St. Sulpicians at 
 Paris, and was by them afterwards conveyed to the Seminary at Montreal, in whose 
 possession much of it still remains. 
 
 In 1649, a poor girl of Montreal was executed, and only sixteen years of age, for 
 
 a petty theft, and now it seems she was innocent. 
 
 The year 1660 should ever be remembered in the History of Canada for the act 
 of noble self-devotion of Adam d’Aulac, Sieur des Ormeaux, and his sixteen brave 
 companions, who met the Iroquois whilst descending the Ottawa on their way to 
 attack the settlements of Montreal. D’Aulac, with his few followers of white men, 
 aided by a party of Huron Indians— the majority of whom, however, during the night 
 deserted the French and went over to the Iroquois (who were always their enemies) 
 — took possession of a small fort of palisade work, and defended themselves with 
 such dauntless and persistent vigor that when he and all his white companions with 
 the few faithful Hurons were slain, it made such an impression on the warlike Iroquois 
 that they returned home, sullen, dejected and discontented. Only five men (Huron 
 Indians) escaped and reached Montreal in safety, bringing the disastrous news. 
 
 In the year 1689, Montreal and the whole Island fearfully experienced the 
 treachery of the Indians in the “ Lachine Massacre.” A well-known Historian thus 
 describes the event : — “ The winter and spring of 1688-89 had been passed in an 
 unusually tranquil manner, and the summer was pretty well advanced, when the 
 storm suddenly fell on the beautiful Island of Montreal. During the night of the 5th 
 August, 1400 Iroquois traversed the Lake St. Louis and disembarked silently on the 
 upper part of the Island. Before daybreak, next morning, the invaders had taken 
 their station at Lachine — in platoons around each house within the radius of several 
 leagues. The inmates were buried in sleep — soon to be the dreamless sleep that 
 knows no waking, for many of them. The Iroquois only waited for a signal from 
 their leaders to begin the attack. It was given. In a short space the doors and 
 the windows of the dwellings were broken in, the sleepers dragged from their beds; 
 men, women and children, all struggling in the hands of their butchers. Such houses 
 as the savages cannot force their way into, they fire ; and, as the flames reach the 
 persons within, intolerable pain drives them forth to meet death from beyond the 
 threshold from beings who know no pity. The fiendish murderers forced parents to 
 throw their children into the flames. Two hundred persons were burnt alive ; as 
 many more were reserved to perish similarly at a future time. The fair island upon 
 which the sun shone brightly erewhile, was lighted up by fires of woe; houses, plan- 
 tations and crops were reduced to ashes, while the ground reeked with blood to a 
 short league from Montreal. The savages crossed to the opposite shore the deso- 
 
 lation behind them being complete, and forthwith the Parish of LaChenie was wasted 
 by fire and many of the people massacred. The savages lost but three men in the 
 work of desolation.” 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 11 
 
 Again, in 1691, a large body of these same Indians, emboldened by the havoc 
 they had made in 1689, advanced along the Richelieu to attack Montreal ; but they 
 were signally repulsed by de Calibres. They, however, treated with the greatest 
 cruelty all who fell into their hands. 
 
 In 1693, a considerable army of seven hundred men, under Frontenac, was 
 assembled at Montreal to chastise the Mohawks and other tribes of Iroquois. After 
 some time they returned to Montreal without accomplishing much. This caused, in 
 th e Indians to retaliate by landing on the Island and committing some depre- 
 dations and killing several persons. To avenge the massacre of Lnchine and this 
 last incursion, Frontenac started from Montreal, July, 1696, with 1000 men. Em- 
 barking at Lachine, he passed a considerable way into their country, but met no 
 resistance. The expedition was of little value or result, the Indians having retired 
 before him. He shortly afterwards returned to Montreal and died at Quebec, and 
 was buried in the Church of the Recollets there. The Marquis de Vaudreuil was 
 elected the Governor of Montreal in his place. 
 
 Towards the end of the month of July, 1701, no less than 1500 Indians 
 assembled at Montreal. These included the Algonquins, Hurons, converted Iroquois, 
 several other tribes and some of the Five Nations. A grand pow-wow or conference 
 took place, which ended in a general peace, signed by all concerned on the 4th of 
 the following August. The principal Redman present was the famous chief Kon- 
 dioronk (Le Rat), who has been styled “an Indian only -in name.” “ When the 
 deputies arrived in July for the purpose of ‘weeping for the French who had been 
 slain in the war* and to ‘bury their hatchets, over which should run a stream of 
 water in the earth/ as they entered the town they were saluted by the great guns 
 and cannons of the garrison. This caused one of the chiefs of the Huron Indians 
 to say that ‘fear makes the French show more respect to their enemies, than love 
 can make them show to their friends.” 
 
 In the year 1710, Montreal was again in danger, as General Nicolson, the British 
 Commander in the English Colonies, prepared then to move on it with a force of 
 4000 Provincials and 600 Indians. This expedition failed and Montreal was saved. 
 
 Let me here describe Montreal, as taken from an old volume published in Paris 
 in the year 1721. It says : — “ The town of Montreal has a very pleasing aspect, and 
 is besides very conveniently situated. The streets are well laid out and the houses 
 well built. The beauty of the country around it, and of its prospects, inspires a 
 certain cheerfulness to which everybody is perfectly sensible. It is not fortified, 
 only a simple palisade with bastions and in a very indifferent condition, with a sorry 
 redoubt in a small spot, which serves as a sort of outwork and terminates in a gentle 
 declivity, at the end of which is a small square, which is all the defence it has.” 
 
 In the year 1721 mails were regularly conveyed between Montreal and Quebec 
 for the first time. About this time great improvements were begun and completed 
 on the fortifications of Montreal, so much so that the next traveller, describing the 
 place, speaks of them in the year 1749- Kalm > the S reat Swedish naturalist, thus 
 
^ HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 says : — “ The city is well fortified, surrounded by a ^ Jhich 
 
 runs the river, while on the other side is a deep ditch, fi It 
 
 s,c,„ es the inhabitants against all danger from sadden — » ° e , ( lire a 
 
 cannot, however, stand a iong s.ege as, on account of rts exten ’ are 
 
 large garrison. There are several churches and colleges. Some the no 
 bu5t of stone, but most of them are timber, though very neatly built Each o 
 £2. ^ Of houses has a door towards the ,r==, with . - « 
 amusement and recreation m the evening. The gates ot the to w 
 there being five on the river side. The Governor-General, when here, resides 
 
 entitle which is hired from the Vaudreuil family. . .. 
 
 “ Within the walls is a nunnery (Old Black Nunnery), and without is half a one 
 (Grey Nunnery), and though the latter is quite ready, it has not yet been confirmed 
 
 by Every Friday is market day,' when the country people come to town with pro- 
 visions, and those who want them must supply themselves on that day, because it is 
 the only market day in the week. Numbers of Indians may then be seen tryi g 
 oil furs and bead work.” 
 
 THE RED CROSS. 
 
 I have much pleasure to present here to my readers Mr. P. S. Murphy’s history 
 of “ La Croix Rouge.”— “ The Red Cross is at the corner of Guy and Dorchester 
 streets, which for a century and a quarter has so prominently marked the burial 
 place of Belisle, the murderer, and has long been an object of curious speculation 
 The popular story is that it marks the grave of a notorious highwayman, who robbed 
 and murdered habitants returning from Montreal to St. Laurent and the back 
 country by Dorchester street, which was at that time the only highway west of St. 
 Lawrence street. This story is somewhat incorrect. Belisle was not a highway 
 robber, his crime was house-breaking and a double murder. He lived on Le Grand 
 Chemin du Roi, now called Dorchester street, near the spot where the Red Cross 
 stands. On the other side of the road, and a little higher up, Jean Favre and his wife 
 Marie-Anne Bastien lived. Favre was reputed to be well off and to have money 
 in his house. This excited the cupidity of Belisle, who formed the project of robbing 
 his neighbor, and accordingly, one dark night, broke into the house and fired his pistol 
 at Favre, when, however, only wounding him, he stabbed him to death with a large 
 hunting knife. Favre’s wife rushed in to help her husband, and was met by Belisle, 
 who plunged the knife into her breast, and then despatched her by a blow of a spade. 
 Belisle was suspected, and soon after arrested, tried, convicted and condemned to the 
 terrible punishment of “ breaking alive ” irompu vif), which was then in force 
 under the French regime in Canada. Belisle was condemned to “ torture ordinary 
 and extraordinary,” then to be broken alive on a scaffold erected in the marke 
 place (the present Custom House Square) in this city. 
 
13 
 
 ^7 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 “ This awful sentence was carried out to the letter, his body buried in Guy street, 
 and the Red Cross erected to mark the spot, as fully described in the following 
 document, which is not only interesting but historically valuable : 
 
 “ ‘ Extrait du Requisitoire du Procureur du Roi. 
 
 “ ‘ Je requiers pour le Roi que Jean Baptiste Goyer dit Belisle soit declare dO- 
 ment atteint et convaincu d’avoir de dessein premedite assassine le dite Jean Favre 
 d’un coup de pistolet et de plusieurs coups de couteau, et d’avoir pareillement assas- 
 sine la dite Marie-Anne Bastien, Tepouse du dit Favre, a coups de bdche et de couteau, 
 et de leur avoir vole Pargent qui etait dans leur maison ; pour reparation de quoi il 
 soit^condamne avoir les bras, jambes, cuisses et reins rompus vifs sur un echafaud 
 qui, pour cet effet, sera dresse en la place du marche de cette ville, a midi ; ensuite 
 sur une roue, la face tournee vers le ciel, pour y finirses jours. Le dit Jean Baptiste 
 Goyer dit Belisle prealablement applique a la question ordinaire et extraordinaire ; 
 ce fait, son corps mort porte par Pexecuteur de la haute justice sur le grand chemin 
 qui est entre la maison ou demeurait le dit accuse et celle qu’occupaient les dits de- 
 funts Favre et sa femme. Les biens du dit Jean Baptiste Goyer dit Belisle acquis 
 et confisqu6s au Roi, ou a qui il appartiendra sur iceux, ou a ceux non sujets a con- 
 fiscation, prealablement pris la somme de trois cents livres d’amende, en cas que 
 confiscation n’ait pas lieu ou profit de Sa Majeste. 
 
 ‘‘ 1 Fait a Montreal le 6 Juin 1752. 
 
 “ 4 (Sign6,) 
 
 FOUCHER.’ ” 
 
 This history of the “ Red Cross” was narrated to Mr. Murphy, nearly fifty years 
 ago, by the widow of Louis Haldimand, a nephew of General Haldimand, once 
 Governor of Canada. This lady was born in 1774, and heard the story from her 
 mother, who lived near “ la Place du Marche ” (present Custom House Square) 
 when the execution took place. 
 
 The vear 1759 will ever be memorable in the annals of Canada. The French, 
 perceiving that the English were in earnest in their designs upon it, sent strong rein- 
 forcements to their garrisons. The campaign opened with great vigor. Canada was 
 to be invaded at three different points under generals of high talent. The forces 
 intended to act against Quebec were under the command of General Wolfe, who had 
 taken Fort Louisburg and subdued the Island of Cape Breton the preceding year. 
 Wolfe’s army, amounting to about 8000 men, was conveyed to the vicinity of Quebec 
 by a fleet of vessels of war and transports, commanded by Admiral Saunders, and 
 landed in two divisions on the Isle of Orleans, the 27th of June. The French Com- 
 mander Montcalm made vigorous preparations for defence. He arranged his army 
 of about 12 000 men between the river of St. Charles and the Falls of Montmorenci, 
 to oppose the landing of the British forces, which, in their attack upon his entrench- 
 ments were repulsed. Wolfe at first doubted from this failure whether anything 
 could be effected in the present season ; but afterwards, rousing his brave and ardent 
 spirit and calling a council of war, he resolved upon the bold and hazardous enter- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 prise of ascending the Heights of Abraham, and attacking ** * ,ty ^ 
 
 w' which'tehrf to^Lied"tokful that he should not live to see *e surre^et 
 of , hip lace The battle o„ the Plains of Abtaham was fought on the .3* of Sep- 
 temberl 1759; and five days afterward,, on the .8th, Quebec surrendered .0 the 
 
 Bri, Kgh r ,”g continued more o, less fo, several months till in the following year 
 hostilities finished by the surrender of Montreal. Its capitulation took place Sep- 
 ^r^ ’.,6ri».o».y«.r after the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. By he 
 terms of this capitulation, signed both by Generals Amherst and de \ audreu.l, pro- 
 tection was promised to the inhabitants. The free use of their Religion Laws a d 
 Language was also guaranteed them. This was, however, only nil the trea y of 
 peace was signed. This was done between France and England at Pans heb. «oth. 
 1764 This treaty confirmed generally those articles of capitulation at Quebec an 
 Montreal which related to the French inhabitants of Canada, and they thus became 
 legally as much subjects of the Crown of Great Britain as the inhabitants of Ireland 
 or & Wales. During the interval between the capitulation of Montreal and its receiv- 
 ing warrant to hold Quarter Sessions, that is, from the fall of Montreal in 1760 to 
 i 7 °64, Canada was held in occupation by the British troops. General Gage com- 
 manded in Montreal, General Murray was chief. Councils sitting in Quebec, 1 hree 
 Rivers and Montreal regulated the affairs of the country. They were composed 
 entirely of military officers. This government at last gave way to that granted by 
 
 General Murray. 
 
 In October of 1763, an important proclamation was issued in the name of 
 “ George III, King of England ; ” officers and men in it were offered free grants of 
 land in Canada, and “ all persons resorting to the said colonies might confide in His 
 Majesty’s royal protection for enjoying the benefit of the laws of England.” More 
 than 400 Protestants of British origin now became residents in Canada — the French 
 population of the province being a little over 75,000. In November, 1763, the 
 military form of Government was brought to an end by the appointment of General 
 Murray to the office of Governor-General. His instructions were as far as possible 
 to introduce the laws of England. Another thing required was that the inhabitants 
 should comply with these conditions, viz. : “ To take the oath of allegiance, to make 
 
 a declaration of abjuration and to give up all arms in their possession.” It was 
 found impossible to procure compliance with these orders, and the General modified 
 them as much as possible. The oath of abjuration could not be taken by the Roman 
 Catholics, as it involved a fundamental principle of their Religion, and therefore no 
 Roman Catholic was sworn in as Justice of the Peace ; that about arms was 
 extremely distasteful ; whilst that of allegiance to the English throne was taken 
 readily and cheerfully. It took a little over a year to regulate all these matters, and 
 on the nth of January, 1764, letters patent under the Great Seal of the Province 
 
15 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 were executed and sent to Moses Hazen, J. Grant, John Rowe, Francis McKay, 
 Thomas Lambe, F. Knife, John Burke, Thomas Walker and others, making them 
 Justices of the Peace of Montreal and vicinity. Among these names are two French 
 names who were Swiss Protestants and had come to the country. Hence arose the 
 saying of a French Protestant being “a Swiss,” and which title is given to everyone 
 in the Province of Quebec, whether he is born in Europe, America or Canada, who, 
 being French, professes the Protestant religion. The title officially given to General 
 Murray in this document is lt The Honorable James Murray, Esq , Captain General, 
 Governor and Commander-in-Chief over our said Province of Quebec and the Terri- 
 tories depending thereon in America, and Vice-Admiral of the same.” This was 
 dated from “ Our Castle of St. Louis ” in the city of Quebec. The first general 
 Quarter Sessions of the Peace were held on the 27th December, 1764, and “ there 
 were present Moses Hazen, J. Dumas, F. Mackay, Thomas Lambe and Francis Knife;” 
 the court adjourned to January, 1765. The first item in the administration of justice 
 in Montreal was a case of assault and battery. 
 
 The first instance of “ felony ” is adjudicated on in the May meeting of the 
 Court, 1765. It was a case of a man and his wife, with a negro, stealing different 
 articles. It is thus recorded : “ Sentence of William and Elinor March, and George 
 the Nagre.” “ They are to go back to the place of their confinement, the said Wil- 
 liam March to be stript to the waist, and Elinor March to have her back only stript, 
 and the said George, the Nagre, and each tyed to the cart tail, and, beginning at the 
 gaol or prison, between the hours of eight and nine o’clock in the forenoon on Friday 
 next, they are to proceed along round by the Intendants and then to the Market 
 Place, and round by Saint Francis street and through the Parade to place begun at, 
 during which round they are to receive 25 stripes each on the naked back, besides 
 25 stripes each on the naked back when at the Market Place.” This is the first 
 instance of a man and woman being flogged. Elizabeth Upton is also condemned by 
 the same Court for felony : “ That she go back to the prison and there receive 25 
 stripes, and then be discharged.” 
 
 On the next opening of the Court, July 22nd, 1765, the names of the Justices 
 are Jn. Dumas, Daniel Robertson and Isaac Todd. It seems that our friend “ the 
 Nagre” either didn’t think much of his 50 lashes received three months previously — 
 or that the cuticle of his back like his skull was so thick as to defy “ the cat.” We 
 find him at this Court again a prisoner for stealing “ two pieces of silk ribbon.” 
 Knowing there was no use of prevarication, as a witness swore dead against him, he 
 acknowledged his crime and pleaded guilty. This is the sentence which he received : 
 “ That the said George, between the hours of 9 and 10 o’clock on the forenoon of 
 Tuesday the 22nd August, be stript naked to the waist, and tied at a cart tail at the 
 gaol, and then to receive 10 stripes, and at Mr, Dechambaux’s corner 10 stripes, and 
 the Pt. Street this side the General’s 10 stripes, and at Mr. Landruve’s corner 10 
 stripes, and proceed to the Court corner and then receive 10 stripes, and on the 
 Parade 10 stripes.” Let us sum up this sentence : Six times in his march he had to 
 stop and receive each time 10 stripes on his naked back with the cat of nine tails. 
 
16 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 August 2nd, 1765. sitting Ac Court 
 
 Tourangeau, for stealing “ a piece ° . j- these old Country instruments of 
 
 ,h ' *■ - - - “«■ rn" r ;; 
 
 called “a brick,” and sold at 8 «»PP« S 4 a . Montrea l in those days, 
 
 >• •-= “ «s :<z? k z. .uir,ht ^ .... u, ship 
 
 ,he c f Jhos. colonies for some of .he expense incurred by Gres. 
 
 ££ 'yew^after, in ^ uonb.es on, min- 
 
 - d ?£TSS; Z o«;- o' «■'“ f 
 
 of the ^ eac o Jo^^^^^^^^^p^^^^An^d^uebeoer'sudde'ily^ippearing 
 in^h^Ancient Capital would not be quite so bewildered. There would the natural 
 features the grand old heights and the noble river flowing past-the old fort, Pla ns 
 and ancient buildings which he would remember ; but the old Montrealer would look 
 with astonishment at the grand advance which his city has made in a hundred years, 
 notwithstanding all its disadvantages of being 700 miles from the ocean andicebou 
 in its river for months every year. The great energy of its new inhabitants has obliter- 
 ated almost every feature and relic of the past, and it can now hold its head high up 
 among the largest cities of North America. Indeed, Montreal by the latest census of 
 the United States and Canada is now the 7th largest city on this Continent. She was by 
 official records in the year 1861 the 10th city in the list of American cities, now she is the 
 th • what she will be by the energy and push of her merchants in 50 years hence our 
 children will see. But, in the days we write of, the site of old “ \ ille Marie ” was very 
 much the shape of a parallelogram. Of course St. Paul street and the river beach 
 formed one of the longer sides,— we might call it the front side. The opposite side, or 
 the rear, as it may be called, was Craig street j the western boundary extended from 
 the foot’of McGill street to Craig street, and the eastern from the old Quebec barracks 
 to the same street, Craig. East and west were strong fortification walls, 4 feet thick. 
 These extended some distance along Craig street, and there is yet a narrow lane run- 
 ning between St. James street and Craig, called Fortification lane. 
 
HISIORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 17 
 
 At the conquest in 1759, the principal buildings of the town included the Palace 
 of the Governor-General, who was then M. de Vaudreuil, near the foot of Jacques Car- 
 tier square and the house of M. de Longueuil, at the western end of St. Mary street. 
 Probably the total area of the town did not exceed 100 acres. When the establishment 
 of English rule was perfected by the Treaty of Paris, in February, 1764, then a strong 
 tide of emigration set in towards Canada, and in the persons who arrived the bad was 
 mixed with the good. It is remarkable that in the records of the Court of Quarter 
 Sessions for years after the conquest of the country in Montreal there are very few 
 French names before the magistrates for those crimes for which punishment by whip- 
 ping, the stocks or the pillory or branding on the hand was meted out. This shows 
 how thoroughly they obeyed their curds to respect the laws and be faithful in their alle- 
 giance; and though after this many emissaries from the colonies (among whom was 
 the great Beniamin Franklin himself) tried to allure them, they remained firm. 
 
 This emigration largely increased the population of Montreal. St. Paul street 
 became the chief emporium for business. All beyond Craig street to the foot of the 
 Mountain and to the east and west, including portions of St. Lawrence, St. Mary's 
 and St. Antoine or Anthony wards, were green fields, varied occasionally by swamps, 
 woods, and underbrush. Those present populous adjuncts of the city, Quebec 
 suburbs and Griffintown, presented a very desolate appearance. There were the 
 chapel and convent of the Sisters of the Congregation, the old Recollet Church, the 
 Grey Nuns and the Parish Church. There was not a single Protestant church or 
 school in the place. 
 
 Two dreadful fires visited Montreal at this period of its history. On Saturday, 
 
 1 8th May, 1765, a fire broke out, and within a few hours destroyed 108 houses and 
 reduced 215 families to the greatest distress. A very interesting pamphlet, drawn up 
 by a benevolent individual, was printed in London on this occasion, and circulated 
 freely in behalf of the sufferers. A large sum was thus raised in England and for- 
 warded to Montreal in aid of those who had been burnt out. The population, at 
 this time, of Montreal was about 7000, and according to an official list of this year 
 there were 136 Protestants. In the year 1891 there were about 80,000 Protestants 
 in Montreal, a steady increase from the 136 in the year 1765. On the nth of April, 
 1768, another fire broke out in the stable of one of the sufferers of the last fire, and 
 raged with ungovernable fury for hours, when ninety houses, two churches and a large 
 school were consumed. The number who suffered was great, many of them having 
 been burned out at the fire of 1765, only three years before. 
 
 Governor Carleton, of date 25th November, 1767, thus says, speaking of Quebec 
 and Montreal : “The town of Quebec is the only port in this province that has the 
 least claim to be called a fortified place, for the flimsy wall about Montreal, was it 
 not falling to ruins, could only turn musketry." He then writes about both the 
 French inhabitants and the new subjects since the Cession : “ The Europeans who 
 migrate never will prefer the long, inhospitable winters of Canada to the more cheer- 
 ful climate and more fruitful soil of His Majesty’s southern provinces. The few old 
 
 2 
 

 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 subjects at present in this province have been mostly left here by accident, and are 
 either disbanded officers, soldiers and followers of the army, who, not knowing how 
 to dispose of themselves elsewhere, settled where they were left at the reduction — 
 or else they are adventurers in trade, or such as could not remain at home, who set 
 out to mend their fortune at the opening of this new channel for commerce. But 
 experience has taught almost all of them that this trade requires a strict frugality they 
 are all strangers to, or to which they will not submit. But while this severe climate 
 and the poverty of the country discourages all but the natives, its healthfulness is 
 such that these multiply daily, so that this country must to the end of time be peopled 
 by a Canadian race, who have already taken such firm root and got to so great a 
 height, that any new stock transplanted will be totally void and imperceptible among 
 them, except in the towns of Quebec and Montreal.” Of this prophecy of General 
 Carleton, the fulfilment has shown it to be perfectly true. If we except the Eastern 
 Townships, settled greatly by U. E. Loyalists, and those counties settled by Scotch 
 and English emigrants and officers and men after the war of 1812-13, there is hardly 
 a county now in Lower Canada where his words are not verified. 
 
 In the general Sessions of October, 1768, one of those disgraceful acts was per- 
 formed which was a shame in any Christian country to tolerate. In the case of the 
 King vs- Anne Laneford for “ larceny,” she is found guilty, and her sentence, carried 
 out, was as follows : Knowing the nature of her punishment, “ she had put herself on 
 her country,” but nevertheless received the following punishment : “ She is to be tied 
 to a cart's tail, and conducted, naked to the waist, to Quebec Gate, where she is to 
 receive 5 lashes, as also 5 lashes at the Old Chapelle, 5 lashes at the Chateau, 5 lashes 
 at Land rune's Corner, 10 lashes at the Market Place and 5 lashes at the corner of 
 the Court House, and she is then to be discharged on paying her fees.” 
 
 In the January Sessions of 1769, a Frenchman of the name of Pierre Girard is 
 arraigned for stealing flour and wheat. The jury find him not guilty, and add : “ He is 
 a perfect, honest man” — a high eulogium to be given on one who ten years just before 
 belonged to the French colony of Canada. At the same Court the first example of 
 any one being put in the pillory is recorded. L. Beauvais (this time the culprit is a 
 Frenchman) iscondemned “ to stand there from nine to eleven o’clock,” and it adds, “ for 
 three market days.” This sentence seems small enough on paper, but terrible in fact 
 even for one day only. Let me explain what these punishments — the stocks and the 
 pillory — mean. We read of the Apostles St. Paul and St. Silas in the gaol of Phil- 
 ippi having their feet “ made fast in the stocks.” Also King David says of Joseph, 
 “ whose feet they hurt in the stocks.” It consisted of a machine of two pieces of 
 timber with cut out half circular holes in each board, which when brought to stand 
 one upon another narrow-wise formed two complete holes, into which the ankles of 
 the prisoners were placed, the two pieces being firmly locked together. The pillory 
 was a senseless and useless punishment. It consisted of a frame of wood erected on 
 posts with movable boards and holes, through which holes they put the head and 
 hands of the criminal for punishment, the machine turn ng on a pivot and in a circle. 
 It was inflicted near the market place of the old city on the prison ground and 
 
 near 
 
HISTORY of MONTREAL jg 
 
 2i' 'r (,h,,is -* fo ' in «" ” ^ 
 
 secours ma’ke, Th. 1 “'<>* fad "S ™ «d Bon- 
 
 “'retch “heeled around to f-ice alte '" J ' i<l . “ d ““h “hip in hand, when the 
 
 rotten eggeand ZS ted tTj ‘ TT D ‘. ““ hi " sdf ”T ‘ b °™ <* 
 pivot of the pillory/ After an hn^ ° ^ CU ^ tUrn round a & ain on t,ie movable 
 
 position, sometimes the effect was^f-isT™ Stan ? ing thus 111 such a constrained 
 from it Th*» fi rc t r i disastrous, and people suffered long afterwards 
 
 X oflrceny condemned by this CoTirf 7Jn 
 
 before, only his number trh£ as the Englishman mentioned 
 
 public march and tied to the cart’s tdl. 1 ^ d ‘ Vlded * **“ Same P ° intS in lhe 
 
 the town’l^env^r^^t^er’ ^ 1 '° ng liSt ° f tWent y- four bakers of 
 
 “ JSr- ^.iSSTT* 
 
 SwisT h ' 11 11,6 FrCnCh IangUage - Th^two^j^es vvho'hdd tills ComTem FrenSf- 
 
 the l f r d ^ g ^ ° f a "’ bUt sentence is suspended until next term. It scenes’ 
 the next term was never recorded. The Court did not open again till January ', 770 
 
 Dunng these next three years the inhabitants of Montreal had much to do To’ tow 
 their fidelity to thetr new king, and their approval of the way the British hid tv 
 erned since 1760. AH available men were now required for the defence of the country 
 Among the New Englanders things had been getting, in relation to Great Britt' 
 from bad to worse We all know that on July 4 , r 77 6, the Declaration of ide- 
 pendence severed these thirteen States for ever from England and made a new 
 nation, destined to become one of the most progressive and remarkable of the earth 
 This was a memorable year in Montreal. The new act, called the “Quebec Act ” 
 was to come into force on 1st May, but the events which ensued prevented the 
 assembling of a new Council till the year i 777 . During this year the colonists of 
 the New England States refused to pay the revenue taxes laid on them by the 
 Mother Country. It was first a rebellion, and in July, , 77 6, they declared them- 
 selves no longer subjects of the King, but free and independent States. Having 
 declared rebellion, the war with Britain and her colony, Canada, began early in 
 J»ly. 1775 - The Americans determined to take Canada, and for this purpose they 
 sent two armies towards the North. In connection with this movement General 
 Montgomery had detached Col. Ethan Allen with i S o men from the main 
 
 
 i 
 
20 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 army to attack Montreal. On the 24th October, 1775, he crossed ^ ie 
 Lawrence three miles below the city, at Longue Pointe. No sooner did en 
 
 eral Carlton know of it than he assembled 30 regulars and about 200 militia, 
 French and English, of the town, and put them under the command of Majoi 
 Carden, who, early next day, marched down to Longue Pointe and encountered the 
 enemy. The Americans had possessed themselves of some houses and barns. An 
 engagement took place which lasted half an hour, when the colonists under Allen 
 were completely defeated, and he and his whole command were taken prisoners of 
 war. Afterwards they were all liberated when their main army under Montgomery took 
 Montreal. The American armies were commanded respectively by Montgomery and 
 Arnold as their generals. They first took the route of Lake Champlain and the Richelieu 
 River, capturing all the fortified places on their way, as St. Johns, Chambly and Sorel. 
 AtSorel, Montgomery placed heavy batteries to prevent any communication between 
 Quebec and Montreal ; and as soon as he marched to take the latter place, Gov- 
 ernor Carlton was obliged to escape to Quebec, which he reached under the skilful 
 guidance of Captain Bouchette and his aide-de-camp, Chas. DeLanaudiere. 
 
 The Americans took Montreal and entered the city on the 13th November, 1 7 7 
 and finding abundance of fine thick woollen cloth, Montgomery clad all his troops 
 in this Canadian stuff. They did not remain long in the city, but set out for Quebec, 
 which was reached on the 5th day of December, 1775. An act of heroism and patri- 
 otism occurred at this time well worthy of being noticed here. It was necessary to 
 communicate with the General at Quebec from Montreal ; but by the strict watch of 
 the Americans at Sorel it was impossible now to pass by the River St. Lawrence. 
 In the exigencies of the case, a French Canadian stepped forward and volunteered 
 for the office. It has been attributed to Mr. Papineau, father of the Honorable 
 Joseph Papineau. The letter was written and enclosed in a walking staff, and the 
 brave man, equipped as a peddler, set out on his perilous route. Leaving Montreal, 
 he passed over to Longueuil, and travelled on slowly as a peddler to Sorel. Arrived 
 there, he saw the American army, which was stationed there to protect the larger 
 body soon to be on its way from Montreal to attack Quebec. Mixing with the 
 soldiers, he sold various things and learned much that was useful. Pretending to 
 sympathize with them against the British, he was unrestrained and permitted to g° 
 on his way, as he said, to the next village. When some miles from Sorel he left off 
 his disguise, and engaging swift horses never slackened reins nor speed, till, carrying 
 the dreadful news before him and warning the people of the approach of the Amer- 
 ican army, he arrived at Quebec, and the news of the capture of Montreal was the 
 means of so strengthening Quebec that it resulted in the death of Montgomery and 
 retreat of his army. Followed by the British Army, they abandoned Sorel, Chambly, 
 St. Johns and of course Montreal. During the year 1775 the Americans were con- 
 tinually attempting to entice the French Canadian population to join in their 
 revolt, but the more the Canadians saw of them, and especially after their taking and 
 plundering the city of Montreal, the less they liked them. They could not 
 
21 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 forget their massacres in former years when these Colonists with their Indian Iroquois 
 desolated their country and homes. They had prospered in'the fifteen years of British 
 rule, and they knew what war and its accompaniments meant. Thus they remained 
 loyal to the British lhrone and Constitution. 
 
 I he Philadelphia Congress, which had decided on Independence, determined to 
 send a deputation to Canada ; and Dr. Benjamin Franklin, of world renown, and 
 others formed that deputation. None knew better than Franklin the powers of the 
 Press in any cause, and therefore he suggested, and it was acted on, bringing into 
 Canada a printing press, so that by manifestoes, circulars and such like papers 
 spread broadcast among the inhabitants, they would know the objects of their mission 
 and the advantages of annexation lo the revolted colonies. As an attache of the depu- 
 tation sent on to follow Montgomery’s army we find one named Mesplet. Franklin 
 composed the matter of these circulars and Mesplet did the mechanical work, but it 
 all signally failed. Franklin and the rest of the deputation returned to the States ; 
 Mesplet, however, remained in Montreal and continued the printing office in Custom 
 House Square, and subsequently issued a four-paged eight-column weekly newspaper, 
 and called it the Gazette . It is the pioneer of all our English papers in Canada 
 proper, and is still continued to this day in the Gazette of Montreal. The Halifax 
 Recorder was earlier than the Gazette , as it was published in 1769, but the very first 
 newspaper in British North America was the Quebec Gazette , published in May, 
 1764, a very small sheet in two columns— French and English— but much appre- 
 ciated by the inhabitants. Mesplet, however, must, after this, have been of a rather 
 plotting character, as we find on August 24th, 1778, a public notice, “ that the order 
 to compel F. Mesplet, printer, to quit the Province is suspended on certain con- 
 ditions.” 
 
 In connection with the tampering with the loyalty of the Canadians at this 
 time, the following incident may be mentioned to show how far some people will go 
 to try and accomplish their ends. There was at this time a fine bust of His Majesty, 
 George III, erected in the Place d’Armes Square. Early in the year 1775 or at 
 the close of 1774* one morning this said bust was found all daubed and dirtied with 
 tarry paint, a chaplet of potatoes was placed on it, and on the breast was a notice 
 which read thus : “ Behold the Pope of Canada and the English Sot.” 
 
 Although the Governor offered a large reward for the perpetrators of this insult 
 to His Majesty, it was never found out, but some one of the Americans then in 
 Montreal was suspected with good reason of being the culprit. The bust was removed, 
 but the stand still remained. The head of this bust is now, I am informed by Hon- 
 orable Judge Baby, — than whom none is more competent — to be seen on a plaster 
 bust in the rooms of the Montreal Natural History Society, of which the judge is the 
 presiding genius, and who has given me some valuable notes on Montreal, which are 
 inserted in this history. This is recorded in the records of the Court, January, 1790, 
 in the presentment of the Grand Jury, where they say : “That the building situated 
 upon the Place d’Armes under which His Majesty’s bust was formerly placed is a 
 
22 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 public nuisance, and ought to be pulled down/’ The Court granted the request, a 
 “ orders that the same be pulled down accordingly.” It had remained for fifteen 
 years after the insult to the King and seven years after the final independence of the 
 
 colonies of America. # . 
 
 We can well understand after all that has been written, that in these stirring 
 times they had no opportunity of solemnly opening the General Sessions in the name 
 of His Majesty, when King George’s foes had taken the city. We can see, too, 
 that even after they had left Canada in the autumn of i77^> an d how every 
 available man was needed for Home defence and Volunteer duty, that these courts 
 for the trial of petty misdemeanors would be unopened till more quiet times arrived. 
 There is one thing, however, that we find when the courts were in full working ordei 
 again, that many French names, the descendants of whom are now well-known citi- 
 zens, or have been of Montreal, must have taken some kind of oath of office, as many 
 of them are nominated as Justices of the Peace and sit hereafter as Magistrates in 
 the General Quarter Sessions. 
 
 It may be interesting at this point of our history to divert a little to the social 
 manners, customs and condition of the inhabitants of Montreal from the Cession of 
 the Province to the close of the eighteenth century. As we read that the King of 
 France, in the years between 1650 and 1660, procured wives for his colonists, so, 
 after the disbanding of the army, many of the officers and soldiers married women 
 of the country, and thus were intermixed the English Old Country names and the 
 French manners and religion, which we find in certain parts of Quebec Province at 
 this very day. 
 
 Every ship which sailed to Canada, that is, to Quebec, during 1650 and some 
 following years, was required to carry out a certain number of young men called 
 “engages,” who afterwards procured land, and then wanted wives. To furnish such, 
 young women of good character were brought out under the auspices of religious 
 persons of their own sex. They were at first selected from amongst the orphan girls 
 who were brought up in the General Hospital in Paris, at the expense of the King. 
 From these circumstances they were called “ King’s Daughters.” Afterwards 
 persons of stronger constitutions were chosen from the country parishes, and thus 
 many of the present families of Quebec Province received their first progenitors. It 
 is interesting to read records of the first marriages and baptisms during these years, 
 after French and English had both sworn allegiance to George III. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Campbell, in his interesting volume on “ Old St. Gabriel Church,” 
 from which I have received avast amountof information regarding the old families 
 of Montreal, tells us that Rev. Dr. Delisle was “the first Protestant minister resident 
 in Montreal ; ” and then he adds this information, which may be the true meaning of 
 “ Swiss ” as applied to a French Protestant : 41 The advent into Canada of French 
 
 Protestants, as representatives of the Church of England, was in pursuance of the 
 policy of the British authorities, who hoped and expected, by means of clergymen 
 speaking their own language, to convert the French Canadians to Protestantism, and 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 23 
 
 thereby secure their loyalty to England. This hope of winning the habitants to the 
 faith of the Church of England was doomed to disappointment, and after a fifty years’ 
 trial it was entirely abandoned.” 
 
 During the years 1775 and 1776, the inhabitants of Montreal experienced many 
 changes and vicissitudes. No doubt to some of the French population it had at first 
 been galling to be under the Union Jack instead of the lilies of France, but the fifteen 
 years of British rule had greatly changed their opinion. They had better markets, 
 better crops in these days of peace, and securer privileges every way, and now to be 
 subjected to the sway of the New England colonist was indeed worse than ever. 
 Joy spread over the City when the last of the invading American army passed St. 
 Johns on their retreat to their own country. It was a busy time, not only in Mon- 
 treal, but in the Fort of Chambly, which was then the principal station of British 
 troops and munitions of war during the continuance of the struggle between the 
 Mother Country and her revolted colonies. Troops were^irriving and troops depart' 
 ing — for preparations were being made to follow up the retreating Americans under 
 General Arnold, from Quebec, and invade their country. In all these struggles, up to 
 the close nearly of the fratricidal war, Vermont was always coquetting to remain 
 faithful to England and join Canada, and we find in the archives of that period various 
 letters and documents from different individuals relating to this subject. At las 
 a The Green Mountain Boys ” threw in their allegiance with their countrymen and 
 joined the Republic. In a letter from Governor Chittenden to General Halde- 
 mand, we find him stating : “ That the people of Vermont are waiting for a free 
 
 trade with Canada.” “ They consider themselves unconnected with any power, and 
 by natural situation inclined to this province (Canada) for commerce.” This was 
 written in July, 1784, just when the war finished and before the Vermonters finally 
 joined the Union. Previous to this, in 1782, Ethan Allen had written to the Gover- 
 nor that “ Congress had refused to admit Vermont,” — this had “ stirred up the 
 common people against the Confederacy.” He says that lt he believes a vote to con- 
 tinue the British connection would be carried, and will do all in his power to render 
 the State a British Province.” Washington threatened in July, 1783, that if “ Ver- 
 mont were not quiet he would move his whole force into the State.” 
 
 On the 24th July, 1776, the distribution of troops and the order of march were 
 issued in general orders. Quite a number of recruits had joined the regulars, and 
 the Volunteers and Militia were daily drilling in Montreal. All the recruits at Chambly 
 were drafted into the 47th and 53rd Regiments, and two companies of the 21st set 
 out on the march to St. Johns. On the 26th a sergeant's party were ordered to look 
 after “rebel (that is, American) skulkers,” who were trying to assassinate struggling 
 soldiers. The principal party of rebels were under a man named Whitecourt. Short 
 shrift was granted to any of them who fell into the hands of the British troops, who 
 had peremptory orders to hang at once every one taken in Canada. On the 27th a 
 general order from General Burgoyne commanded all to be in readiness to march. 
 On the 9th of August a gang of deserters was captured, and all French Canadian 
 
u 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 prisoners were condemned to work at the fortifications of Isle aux Noix. The 62nd 
 Regiment was ordered to cover the works at St.Johns, and the other troops were 
 distributed along the Richelieu. The 9th, 21st, 62nd and 29th Regiments are men- 
 tioned as belonging to the 1st and 2nd Brigades. Orders were issued in September 
 to take great precautions “on the Sorel, Yamaska and St. Francis against skulkers.” 
 All spare baggage was to be sent on to Montreal. All children belonging to the 
 forces forming the expedition were also sent into the city. Lastly, all horses in the 
 parish of Chambly and surroundings were pressed into army service. After three 
 days no horse was allowed to any person. On the 21st of September, the 47th 
 Regiment was ready to march, and all the posts at Lacolle, Isle aux Noix, St. Johns, 
 etc., were strictly guarded. The 31st Regiment on the 24th marched to St. Johns. 
 On the 4th of October, 1776, at Isle aux Noix, the General issued general orders, 
 thanking the troops for the rapid progress made in the preparation of the expe- 
 dition to meet the enemy, and thus began the invasion of the New England colonies in 
 retaliation for their invasion of Canada the year before. It resulted in General 
 Burgoyne and his whole army surrendering, as prisoners of war. When he started from 
 Canada early in the beginning of 1777, he had with him a well-equipped army of 7000 
 men and a large body of Indians. His advance was executed with great skill and intre- 
 pidity. He marched boldly on from St. Johns into the States, and bore down all before 
 him, but of no avail. At an immense distance from his supplies the situation became 
 most hazardous, and at last he had to surrender. By the terms made, the 39th and 
 other regiments returned no more to Canada during this war. They were shipped 
 either from Boston or New York. The terms of surrender were “ that the troops 
 should lay down their arms, be sent home, and should not serve again in America 
 during the war.” Of course this sad result left many a Canadian family in sorrow and 
 misery, and thus we find so many petitions to the Governor for relief like the follow- 
 ing: Agnes Laforce prays “ that her late husband suffered for his loyalty, and was 
 compelled to leave Virginia, that she and her family were taken prisoners by 
 British troops and Indians, and with thirteen negroes taken to Detroit, where the 
 negroes were sold.” On her arrival in Montreal she prays for their restoration to her, 
 or that their value be paid her. We must remember that this was in January, 1780, 
 and the American war was then going on. One of the most pathetic letters of the 
 times is that of Michel Delisle, a French Canadian prisoner with the Americans, to 
 his wife. He regrets the separation, hopes for a speedy release, and expresses sub- 
 mission to the will of Heaven. Angelique Godefroy petitions that “ her husband 
 has been missing since the action of the 19th September, i777 ? and he is supposed to 
 be taken prisoner. But now it is believed that he is killed, and she requests the pay 
 to be continued to her which has been stopped.” 
 
 General Arnold, on his retreat from Quebec in the spring and early summer of 
 1776, did an enormous amount of harm to the country, in breaking down bridges, 
 burning houses and barns, destroying fences and culverts, and ill-treating the inhabit! 
 ants to a great degree because of their fidelity to the British Crown. When, in 1781" 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 25 
 
 uniors were rife of another attempted invasion of Canada by the Americans, spon- 
 taneously, from both Quebec and Montreal, came addresses from the French Cana- 
 dians to the Government, expressing indignation at the renewed attempt and their 
 determination to oppose it. 
 
 The address likewise declared “ that the most earnest and hearty support 
 should be given to every measure of defence necessary for the safety of the prov- 
 ince.” I presume that the seeds of this loyalty still lingered in the hearts of the des- 
 cendants of these men ; at least it was exemplified to the full thirty years after, when 
 the Americans did actually invade their country, and when the sons of those men 
 who showed themselves faithful to England’s Crown, and drove back the enemy, 
 under the command of the immortal DeSalaberry, completely discomfited their ene- 
 mies at the battle of Chateatiguay. God only knows the amount of misery and woe 
 which the War of Independence occasioned. During the years from 1775 to 1783, 
 when the British Government at last signed the articles of freedom with the 13 States, 
 homes were ruined; farmsteads obliterated, burned, or demolished; thousands of 
 helpless women and children wandered about homeless, widows and orphans, and all 
 caused by the stubbornness of the King’s councillors, although the ablest and great- 
 est orator and statesman of the time, Buike, declared that “peace should be made with 
 the revolted colonies even by giving them their independence.” Let me give tiie 
 character and condensed contents of some of the petitions presented to the Govern- 
 ment of the country— to show the present generation the blessings of peace. In 
 August, 1778, Fhos. Sutton, then in Montreal, an ensign of the 47th Regiment, 
 prays “fora bounty of one year’s pay granted to officers wounded in action, he 
 having lost a leg whilst serving with Buigoyne.” In 1784, “John Fraser, Judge of 
 Common I leas, Montreal, ’ prays for “ payment of arrears while a prisoner with the 
 Rebels.” Whether hewe r e taken prisoner when Montgomery took Montreal, and 
 carried away as a sort of hostage, or captured at some subsequent date, there is no 
 means of knowing. It shows, however, that he was a prisoner in the hands of the 
 Americans. 
 
 In October, 1778, there is a request of sundry loyal inhabitants of the frontiers 
 of New \ ork and Pennsylvania now in Montreal, asking for permission to go back to 
 relieve their families, “ they having been carried off prisoners by the Indians.” The 
 next is a sad case, but shows the loyal spirit of the woman. Elizabeth Thompson, 
 in October, 1779, states that “ her husband, to avoid the treatment which was threat- 
 ened against him by the Rebels, had escaped to Ireland ; she had escaped with her 
 infant daughter into Canada, and now wishes to rejoin her husband, and asks for a 
 passage to Cork.” In 1781, a number of Loyalists at St. Johns request to be 
 granted a “ flag of truce,” so as “ to get their wives and children out of the hands of 
 the Rebels.” Perhaps the most pathetic of all is that of John McDonald from Mon- 
 treal. He is 74 years of age and his wife 67. He says that “ he had nine sons ! 
 no less than “ seven in the army of his King and two on the King’s works.” 
 Noble Patriot ! And he states the persecutions he has suffered, being reduced to 
 
I 
 
 26 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 poverty from the losses he has sustained, and prays for relief, and, no doubt, substantial 
 relief was meted out to him for his gift to his country and the loss of all his worldly 
 goods in the revolted colonies. 
 
 No wonder, then, that we find in the army of Burgoyne many Montrealers. His- 
 tory tells us there were no less than 500 Canadians in his army. 
 
 In looking over the register of the Rev. Dr. Delisle from 1766 to 1787, we 
 find very many intermarriages. His register was the first English register in Mont- 
 real, for although there were two Protestant clergymen before him, viz. : Rev. 
 Mr. Ogilvie and Rev. Mr. Bennett, they left no registers. Some of our most influen- 
 tial families are mentioned, and others whose names are connected with the advance- 
 ment and progress of the province, and Montreal in particular. We find there the 
 name of Simon Fraser, of Wolfe renown, also the founder’s name of McGill Univer- 
 sity and McGill street, “ James McGill.” 
 
 Mostly all the names are of common occurrence, as in these days, and a large 
 percentage Scotch ; also every man is English-speaking and every woman French- 
 speaking, and we know the result as regards the religion of their posterity at the 
 present day. 
 
 At this time, when comparing Montreal of 1892 with Montreal of 1780, it was 
 then indeed “ a humble town.” The English mail was once a month. It was sent by 
 way of New York after the final signing of Independence by Great Britain, and was 
 four weeks in getting to New York from Montreal to the packetship that carried 
 it across the Atlantic. One had to wait, not four weeks, but four months, before 
 an answer was received from the other side. Let us follow the answer back, of this 
 letter, which was sent to Britain three months ago. The packet returning called 
 at Halifax, whence the letter would in a month’s time arrive in Montreal. We may 
 well be proud of the 19th century. Science, in many of its most wonderful divi- 
 sions, lay slumbering till its advent. Steam coaches, steamships, steam mills 
 of every description, telegraphs by land and sea, telephones and phonographs, 
 sewing machines and all the wonders by electricity, iron ships and ironclads, smoke- 
 less powder, things never before conceived nor thought of in the mind of man — these 
 are the inventions of the 19th century ; and when a daily mail leaves Canada, not only 
 for Great Britain, but for France, Germany, Belgium and a host of other countries, 
 it does seem strange to us that the postal authorities should have issued this notice 
 about this period : l ' Letters for any part of the Continent of Europe are to be sent 
 under cover to a correspondent in London, otherwise they cannot be forwarded from 
 this province.” 
 
 I he social condition of Montreal during these years and succeeding ones may be 
 summed up by reading an account of a visit by Isaac Weld in his “Travels in and 
 through the States of North America, etc.” He speaks of Montreal thus : “ There 
 are six churches in Montreal,— one for English Episcopalians, one for Presbyterians 
 and four for Roman Catholics.” “ The people of Montreal are remarkably hospit- 
 able and attentive to strangers. They are sociable also amongst themselves, and fond 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL, 
 
 ' 1*1 
 
 in the extreme of convivial amusements. In winter they keep up such a constant 
 and friendly intercourse with each other that it seems then as if the town were inhab- 
 ited but by one large family. During summer they live somewhat more retired, but 
 throughout that season, a club, formed of all the principal inhabitants, both male and 
 female, meet every week or fortnight for the purpose of dining at some agreeable spot 
 in the neighborhood of the town.” “ On this part of the mountain it is that the Club, 
 which I mentioned, generally assembles. Two stewards are appointed for the day, 
 who always choose some new spot where there is a spring or rill of water and an 
 agreeable shade; each family brings cold provisions, wine, etc., the whole is put 
 together, and the company, often amounting to one hundred persons, sits down 
 to dinner.” 
 
 This is no doubt the effect of these intermarriages already spoken of Not agree- 
 ing entirely with Joseph F. R. Perraultin his beautiful extracts, which I give as found 
 in one of the most interesting volumes on modern Canada, from the pen of Dr. Bender, 
 of Quebec — still this Utopian period may yet come in the distant future. He says: 
 “ Happy, thrice happy shall be the day when Canadians and English of all denom- 
 inations shall unitedly form but one and the same family, have the same institutions, 
 speak the same language, obey the same laws, and have no other ambition than of 
 bearing the name of Canadians and combining their efforts to maintain the glory of 
 the British Empire and the prosperity of the colony of Lower Canada.” This was 
 written about 1832, and before the rebellion of 1837-38. 
 
 To show the state of the social condition at this time may be also recorded the 
 following facts : Here is an advertisement which appeared in the public press of 
 Montreal : — 
 
 “Montreal, 1st April, 1789. 
 
 “To be sold — A stout, healthy negro, about 28 years of age, is an excellent 
 cook and very fit for working on a farm. Enquire of the Printer.” 
 
 As far back as 1777, John King, a negro, petitioned the Governor, and “prays 
 that he may be set at liberty,” and giving as a reason his services to the Govern- 
 ment. Then in 1783, “ Plato, a negro slave,” prays that he be allowed to join his 
 own master. In 1784, “ John Black, a negro,” who had served as a seaman in His 
 Majesty's service, “ prays the Government for a passport to protect him in his lib- 
 erty, of which Captain Martin, with whose wife he is now serving, seeks to deprive 
 him ; ” and in the courts of 1781, held in the month of April, of that year, one Samuel 
 Judah makes a complaint “ that a negro man named Jacob was sold to him by 
 Mr. Lauzon, having lived with him as his servant slave for about five months, that he 
 did assault him and take him by the collar, etc., etc.” The Court ordered poor 
 “ Jacob, the negro man, to be committed to prison for assault, and to find security 
 for his future behavior,” and in the same Court is this record : “ Court found the defen- 
 dant, Caesar, a negro man, not guilty, and ordered him to be discharged.” In 
 
28 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 these days of Montreal’s history, this time exactly ioo years ago, slavery was one of 
 its institutions, and slaves were bought and sold regularly as other goods and chattels 
 on. the market. 
 
 Slavery was abolished in Upper Canada by an Act of Parliament (held at New- 
 ark, now Niagara), May 31st, 1793. In Lower Canada a bill for the same purpose was 
 brought into Parliament in 1793, and not carried. It was again brought up in 1799 
 and 1800, but nothing was done, however, until 1833, when slavery was abolished by 
 an Act of the British Parliament, sanctioned August 28th, 1833, abolishing slavery 
 throughout the British Empire from and after August 1st, 1834. But in 1803, Chief 
 Justice Osgoode decided, at Montreal, that “ slavery was incompatible with the laws 
 of the country.” 
 
 In 1780, Patrick Langan sold to John Mittleberger, a negro named Nero, for ;£6o, 
 and the last slave was publicly sold in Montreal, 25th August, 1797. I he deed was 
 passed by Mr. Guy and his partner, notaries. The name of the slave was Emanuel 
 Allen, aged 33 years; price, ^£36. The sale was afterwards set aside by legal pro- 
 ceedings. 
 
 This year, 1777, much fighting took place between the mother country and the 
 revolted colonies. Whilst these events were in progress, Sir Guy Carleton, the 
 Governor, was devoting his attention to the internal affairs of the country. The 
 Quebec Act, or, as it was designated, “ An Act for making better provision for the 
 Government of the Province of Quebec in North America,” had been passed in 1774 
 by the Parliament of England, but on account of these troublous times had never 
 been carried into effect. This Act, Carleton brought into active effect by creating 
 the new council, which held its first meeting in the spring of this year. Five of its 
 members were French Canadians. The courts of law were now reorganized to con- 
 duct their business according to the spirit of this Act ; and thus we find that these 
 courts were once more opened. The court opened January 9, 1779. At the March 
 term we find several French names as justices of the peace; out of nine, five are 
 French, viz., Hertel de Rouville, Joseph Longueuil, Nevue Sevestre, Pierre Mezure, 
 Pierre Fortier. 
 
 The first time James McGill appears as a justice is in the September term. His 
 brother justice was Pierre Fortier. 
 
 Bread was very dear at this time, in the middle of the American War, and 
 wheat was scarce. The brown loaf was 30 sols, or is 3d, of 6 lbs. ; the white loaf 
 25 sols, or is oj£d. 
 
 In May there is a schedule of the amounts (granted by the Court to several 
 traders) they could purchase of different articles. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 29 
 
 
 Pork. 
 
 Flour. 
 
 Biscuit. 
 
 
 lbs. 
 
 lbs. 
 
 lbs. 
 
 Messrs. Todd & McGill 
 
 
 2,000 
 
 10,000 
 
 L. Ermantinger 
 
 
 
 
 Gabriel Cote 
 
 
 2.000 
 
 1.000 
 
 3,600 
 
 Hypolite Desrivi£res 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,800 
 
 M. Blondeau 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,800 
 
 Chas. Chaboillez 
 
 
 6,000 
 
 1,800 
 
 Jos. Sanguinet 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,200 
 
 This table shows that Js. McGill was an extensive merchant, — one of the largest 
 in Montreal. 
 
 In the Court of King’s Bench, September, 1781, is recorded the first murderer 
 to be hanged in the history of this Province since the Cession, William Blunt. 
 Another, Elijah Lawrence, for grand larceny, is convicted, sentenced to be hanged 
 but recommended to mercy. No capital sentence was pronounced in Montreal dur- 
 ing the years 1782 and 1783, although in Quebec five men were hanged for highway 
 robbery and grand larceny, three being soldiers. In the presentment of the Grand 
 Jury for 1782, they speak of a disease known as “ Mai anglois Lustacrue ” or “ Sib - 
 bins . 11 They give reports by Blake, Sym, Selby and Jobert, surgeons. This disease 
 was more generally known as the “ St. Paul Bay disorder,” and we find that in 
 September, 1783, a letter is sent from the Government to Surgeon Blake, “ to investi- 
 gate, report and use remedial measures in respect to the St. Paul Bay disease.” 
 
 In the Court, January, 1784, a man named Francceur is placed in the stocks 
 “ with a paper label on his breast,” with these words “for theft” on it, “and then 
 afterwards he was to be discharged.” The sheriff reminded this Court that all persons 
 sentenced to be “ burned in the hand in the Court of King’s Bench may receive 
 their punishment in this Court agreeable to sentence.” Let us describe what burn- 
 ing in the hand was. This is the first instance of its being mentioned as a punish- 
 ment on malefactors. It is often spoken of during the first 25 years of this century. 
 The punishment consisted thus : The prisoner was brought from the gaol into the 
 court room, and made firm by an iron hand at the back of the dock, the palm part of 
 his own hand being opened tightly. The red hot iron, sometimes ending either in 
 a crown or some other device, was held ready by the common hangman, and the 
 punishment was inflicted in the centre of the palm. The instrument being ready, 
 the prisoner is informed that the moment it touches his flesh he can repeat as fast 
 as he can these words in French, “ Vive le Roi,” three times, and at the end of the 
 third repetition, the punishment would cease, or the words “God save the King,” 
 if he were an English prisoner. Even in this short time, the hot iron has hissed into 
 the flesh, and made such a mark that all the waters of the St. Lawrence could not 
 efface it. In the records of the Court of King’s Bench for this year, we find some 
 terrible instances of the punishments then meted out. In the March term, eight 
 men for grand larceny were sentenced to be imprisoned and “burned in the hand.” 
 
30 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL* 
 
 Two men were ordered “to be twice whipped in the public market of Montreal 
 by the common hangman, and Josette Potdevin was condemned to be placed in the 
 stocks, with a label on her breast specifying her crime.” In the September term 
 this year, two men for stealing cattle and sheep were condemned to be hanged. 
 John Abbot and Henry Arckle for grand larceny were imprisoned and whipped by 
 the common hangman. The city and environs were at this time in a deplorable 
 condition on account of the unsettled order of things. In a communication of date 
 December, 1783, and signed by Mr. James McGill and Mr. Longueuil in behalf of 
 the magistrates of Montreal, they pray the Governor for military assistance to be 
 joined to the civilians, in order to allay the terror of the frequent robberies in the 
 town, suburbs and adjoining neighborhood, found to be committed by disbanded 
 German soldiers. German regiments or Hessians were at one time quartered both in 
 Montreal and Quebec. 
 
 The merchants of Montreal must have received permission by this time to have 
 a Custom House of their own, as the first case of seizure of the Customs is recorded 
 on the 22nd May, 1783, when John Beck, “ surveyor of His Majesty’s Customs for the 
 Port of Montreal,” obtained “a monition admonishing all persons to appear and 
 show cause, if any they can, why four cases of gin seized at Montreal on the 28th 
 April last should not be condemned as forfeited.” No person appearing, the Court 
 granted the monition. 
 
 What would Mrs. Maysant think if she woke out of her grave and saw at the 
 present day the means of conveying goods from Montreal to Kingston ? She sent 
 a memorial to the Government at this time for leave “ to take a canoe load of mer- 
 chandise to Cataraqui (now Kingston), for purposes of trade — the goods in the two 
 canoes taken up by her husband not having been taken to Detroit, owing to the ves- 
 sels being employed in carrying the King’s goods, so that by the loss of the sales she 
 and her family will be exposed to great hardships during the approaching winter, if 
 the permission be not granted.” Fancy her surprise when she would look upon the 
 magnificent line of steamers and the propellers besides, as well as the two Canadian 
 lines of railways of which our country is proud. Think of the time taken and the 
 danger and difficulties of the Rapids and Lake of a Thousand Isles, of all the fatigue 
 and labor of slowly working up that canoe load of goods from Montreal to King- 
 ston, and then we read of a circumstance connected with just such like journeys as 
 this in these words, in a case “ against Theo. Pellion, for having left the plaintiffs 
 service as a battoe man, contrary to his written agreement.” In Court “ he acknow- 
 ledged his agreement to conduct a canoe to Detroit, as steersman, but that he left 
 the said canoe on the way, finding it impossible to make the voyage for want of pro- 
 per assistance.” A witness in the case deposed thus in Court : “ They set out 
 from Lachine, with said canoe ; that when they had reached Pointe au Diable, the 
 defendant refused to proceed any further, saying it was impossible to effect that voy- 
 age without assistance.” In spite of the “ Devil’s Point ” the poor man was condem- 
 ned to fourteen days’ common gaol. These King’s ships taking “ the King’s <r 0 ods ” 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 31 
 
 and other merchandise as well were not sufficient for the purposes of commerce, and 
 therefore we find a petition from the merchants of Montreal, praying the Govern- 
 ment “ that private vessels may be allowed to transport goods on the Lakes,” — 
 “ the reduction (1784, and after peace had been proclaimed between Great Britain 
 and the United States) of the naval armaments leading them to apprehend that other- 
 wise their goods would not reach the markets in the upper country.” The Governor 
 in a week after writes to them that a third vessel would be employed and remain on 
 the Lakes. His secretary also writes officially, and tells the merchants that they 
 tl delay in paying the freight of goods carried by the King’s vessels over the lakes.” 
 They are “ urged to discharge punctually their debts on this account.” 
 
 After the year 1784 the punishment of whipping never exceeds thirty-nine 
 lashes, and they are all delivered at once. I presume the Justices had it in their 
 mind what St. Paul wrote about the number he had received : “ Three times received 
 I of the Jews forty stripes save one.” 
 
 The justices in 1795 seem all to have old country names — viz., John McKind- 
 lay, Robt. Cruickshank, Charles Blake, John Lilly, Thomas McCord, and Alexander 
 Henry. Wm. Lindsay appears at General Sessions in January, 1799. 
 
 Before finishing this sketch of old Montreal in the 18th century, I will insert the 
 trial and execution of the only person who underwent death for “ high treason ” in the 
 first fifty years of the British rule of Canada. Before the next fifty passed, no less 
 than twelve individuals suffered in Montreal at the gaol for this crime, and we all know 
 that during the third half century one individual, Louis Rielle, thus also suffered. The 
 following trial is remarkable, not only for the atrocity of the sentence, its ap- 
 plication and the occasion, but that it entirely was uncalled for in the circumstances 
 of the case. Different individuals had for years, before, during and after the war 
 of Independence, endeavored to detach the loyalty of the Canadians from the 
 British Crown, but all had signally failed. 
 
 In 1797, the first execution for “high treason ” took place, and although it was 
 carried out in Quebec city, most of the circumstances connected with it were done 
 by the prisoner in Montreal, St. Johns and places on the borders of Canada and the 
 United States. The prisoner who was executed was named David McLane. He 
 was an American citizen, and employed as an emissary of Mr. Audet, who at this time 
 was the representative of the New French Republic at Washington. The scheme 
 was a gigantic one, and was the extinction of the British power on this Continent and 
 the entire subjugation of the French inhabitants to the powers at Washington. 
 Surely he might have known that all former attempts had signally failed; even the 
 renowned Franklin had to leave Montreal with the word failed written on his brow. 
 McLane visited Canada in 1796, and endeavored to gain the sympathy of the Cana- 
 dian people, but he did not succeed. Next year, 1797, he returned. Beginning at 
 St. Johns, he, with a man named Frechette, came to Montreal, and continued and 
 tried hard to get the inhabitants to abjure the British Crown. At last he arrived in 
 Quebec, and unfolded his grand scheme (as he thought it) to a Mr. John Black, 
 
32 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 member of the Assembly. At once he was denounced to the Government, and was 
 arrested for “high treason.” I need not enter on the chimerical plan which he 
 had formed, but after a patient trial he was condemned by Chief Justice Osgood m 
 the following sentence: “That you, David McLane, be taken to the place from 
 whence you came, and from thence you are to be drawn to the place of execution 
 where you must be hanged by the neck, but not till you are dead— for you must be 
 cut down alive and your bowels taken out and burnt before your face ; then your 
 head must be severed from your body, which must be divided into four paits, and 
 your head and your quarters be at the King’s disposal, and may the Lord have mercy 
 on your soul.” This terrible and horrible sentence was not quite fully carried out. 
 It was intended to terrify the Canadians and American sympathizers. But the 
 execution was ghastly indeed. De Gaspfs work on “ Canadians of Old ” gives a 
 very graphic description of it. Let me condense it here. He says : “ Artillery and 
 a body of troops paraded the streets, and accompanied the prisoner to the place of 
 execution. There McLane was seated on a sledge with runners which grated on the 
 earth and stones. He was back to the horse, and an axe and block stood on the 
 front of the sledge. He was of high stature and remarkably handsome. Dr. Duvert 
 pulled out his watch as soon as Ward, the executioner, had withdrawn the laddei, on 
 which rested McLane, lying on his back, with the rope around his neck, hanging 
 from the gallows ; the body then struck the northern side of the gallows’ post and 
 remained stationary after a few jerks. ‘ He is stone dead,’ said Dr. Duvert, after 
 Ward had cut him down at the end of twenty-eight minutes ; 4 he will be insensible to 
 what shall follow.’ Ward then opened his body, took out his heart and bowels, which 
 he burned in a 4 rechaud.’ He then cut off his head, and held up this bloody trophy to 
 the gaze of the crowd.” Let me finish all in the words of Christie, the Historian, on 
 the subject, where he says : ‘‘This from the Conquest to that time is the only 
 
 instance in Canada of a trial for ‘ high treason,’ and it, be it also observed, not ot 
 a British subject. It is creditable to the Canadian character that, with the single 
 exception mentioned, none were connected with McLane, the very absurdity of 
 whose scheme denoted him a mere maniac, and who might with more propriety have 
 been treated as an unhappy lunatic than as a criminal.” 
 
 The following description of Montreal is taken from a rare and old book written 
 by Isaac Weld, and titled, “ Travels through the States of North Aitierica and the 
 Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada during the years 1795 and 1797 " : — 
 
 “ Montreal, July, 1797. 
 
 “ The town of Montreal was laid out pursuant to the orders of one of the kings 
 of France ; which were, that a town should be built as high up the St. Lawrence as 
 it was possible for vessels to go by sea. In fixing upon the spot where it stands, his 
 commands were complied with in the strictest sense. The town at present contains 
 about twelve hundred houses, whereof five hundred only are within the walls ; the 
 rest are in the suburbs which commence from the north, east and west gates ; the 
 houses in the suburbs are mostly built of wood, but the others are all of stone ; none 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 33 
 
 of them are elegant, but there are many very comfortable habitations. In the lower 
 part of the town towards the river, where most of the shops stand, they have a very 
 gloomy appearance, and look like so many prisons, being all furnished at the outside 
 with sheet iron shutters to the doors and windows, which are regularly closed towards 
 evening, in order to guard against fire. The town has suffered by fire very mate- 
 rially at different times, and the inhabitants have such a dread of it that all who can 
 afford it cover the roofs of their houses with tin plates instead of shingles. By law 
 they are obliged to have one or more ladders, in proportion to the size of the house, 
 always ready on the roofs. 
 
 “ The str eets are all very narrow ; three of them run parallel to the river, and 
 these are intersected by others at right angles but not at regular distances. On the 
 side of the town farthest from the river, and nearly between the northern and southern 
 extremities, there is a small square called La Place d’ Amies, which seems originally to 
 have been left open to the walls on one side, and to have been intended for the military 
 to exercise in ; the troops, however, never make use of it now, but parade on a long 
 walk behind the walls, nearer to the barracks. On the opposite side of the town, 
 towards the water, is another small square where the market is held. There are six 
 churches in Montreal : one for English Episcopalians, one for Presbyterians, and 
 four for Roman Catholics. The Cathedral church belonging to the latter, which 
 occupies one side of La Place d’Armes, is a very spacious building, and contains 
 five altars, all very richly decorated. There are in Montreal four convents, one of 
 which is of the Order of St. Francis ; the number of the friars, however, is reduced 
 now to two or three, and as by the laws of the Province men can no longer enter into 
 any religious order, it will of course in a few years dwindle entirely away. In the 
 female order there is no restriction, and they are still well filled. The Hotel-Dieu, 
 founded as early as 1644 for the relief of the sick poor, and which is the oldest of the 
 convents, contains thirty ‘ religieuses,’ nuns ; La Congregation de Notre-Dame, 
 instituted for the instruction of young girls, contains fifty-seven sceurs, another sort 
 of nuns ; L’Hopital General, for the accommodation of the infirm poor, contains 
 eighteen sceurs. The barracks are agreeably situated near the river, at the lower end 
 of the town ; they are surrounded by a lofty wall, and calculated to contain about 
 three hundred men. 
 
 “ The walls round the town are mouldering away very fast, and in some places are 
 totally in ruins. The gates, however, remain quite perfect. The walls were built 
 principally as a defence against the Indians, by whom the country was thickly inhab- 
 ited when Montreal was founded, and they were found necessary to repel the open 
 attacks of these people as late as the year 1736. When the large fairs used to be 
 held in Montreal, to which the Indians from all parts resorted with their furs, they 
 were also found extremely useful, as the inhabitants were thereby enabled to shut 
 out the Indians at night, who, had they been suffered to remain in the town, addicted 
 as they are to drinking, might have been tempted to commit great outrages, and 
 would have kept the inhabitants in a continual state of alarm. The people of 
 
 3 
 
34 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Montreal are remarkably hospitable and attentive to strangers. They are sociable 
 also amongst themselves, and fond in the extreme of convivial amusements. In 
 winter they keep up such a constant and friendly intercourse with each other that 
 it seems then as if the town were inhabited but by one large family. During sum- 
 mer they live somewhat more retired, but throughout that season, a club, formed of 
 all the principal inhabitants, both male and female, meet every week or fortnight for 
 the purpose of dining at some agreeable spot in the neighborhood of the town. 
 
 «< The Island of Montreal is agreeably diversified with hill and dale, and towards 
 its centre, in the neighborhood of Montreal, there are two or three considerable 
 mountains. The largest of these stands at the distance of about one mile from the 
 town which is named from it. The base of this mountain is surrounded with neat 
 country houses and gardens, and partial improvements have been made about one- 
 third of the way up ; the remainder is entirely covered with lofty trees. On that side 
 towards the river is a large old monastery with extensive inclosures walled in, round 
 which the ground has been cleared for some distance. This open part is covered 
 with a rich verdure, and the woods encircling it, instead of being overrun with 
 brushwood, are quite clear at bottom, so that you may here roam about at 
 pleasure for miles together, shaded by the lofty trees from the rays of the sun. The 
 view from hence is grand beyond description. A prodigious expanse of country is 
 laid open to the eye with the noble River St. Lawrence wending through it, which 
 may be traced from the remotest part of the horizon. The river comes from the right 
 and flows smoothly on, after passing down the tremendous rapids above the town, 
 where it is hurried over high rocks with a noise that is heard even up the mountain* 
 On the left below you appears the town of Montreal with its churches, monasteries* 
 glittering spires, and the shipping under its old wall. Several little islands in the 
 river near the town, partly improved, partly overgrown with wood, add greatly to 
 the beauty of the scene. Laprairie with its large church on the distant side of the 
 river is seen to the greatest advantage, and beyond it is a range of lofty mountains 
 which terminates the prospect. Such an endless variety, and such a grandeur is 
 there in the view from this part of the mountain, that even those who are most 
 habituated to the view always find it a fresh subject of admiration whenever they 
 contemplate it ; and on this part of the mountain it is that the club which I mentioned 
 generally assembles. Two stewards are appointed for the day, who always choose 
 some new spot where is a spring or rill of water and an agreeable shade ; each family 
 brings cold provisions, wine, etc., the whole is put together, and the company, often 
 amounting to one hundred persons, sits down to dinner. 
 
 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 From authentic sources we find that from the commencement of the century 
 to 1816 “ sixty-four houses built of stone were erected within the old gates.” 
 
 On the 10th January, 1800, the following gentlemen as jurors appeared at the 
 opening of the Court of Sessions of the Peace. These names, many of them at least 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 35 
 
 are familiar to our ears at the close of the century : — John Gray, Etienne St. Dizier, 
 Hart Logan, Paschal Lafleur, William Wingfield, J. Bte. Fournier, Wm. Hallowell, 
 £rs. Papineau, Peter Robertson, Chas. Larivee, Nathl. Burton, Dominiqqe Rousseau, 
 Duncan McGillivray, J. Bte. Dezery, Jas. Badgley, J. Bte. Lefebvre, John Stephen- 
 son, Michel Dumas, John Molson, J. Philip Leprohon, Myer Michaels, Bartholomew 
 Billon, Mungo Kay and Narcisse Roy. 
 
 We will now give the names of the principal citizens of Montreal in 1801 : — 
 Alex. Henry, B. Gibb, N. Graham, John Dillon, Dr. Arnoldi, J. Brown (stationer), 
 Hon. J. Richardson, Simon McTavish, T. Poitier, J. W. Clarke, Mr. Beasley, Mr. 
 Maitland, Mr. Badgley, Jas. & A. McGill, D. Davids, H. Symes (auctioneer), Judge 
 Davidson, Forsyth, Richardson & Co., G. Gauche, R. Hoyle, Mr. Stevenson (tobac- 
 conist), John Platt, Burton & McCulloch, J. Brown (auctioneer), J. Fisher, P. Bar- 
 salou, Auldjo, Maitland & Co., Logan & Watt, Woolrich & Cupper, R. McClements, 
 Jas. Dunlop, John Lilley, J. P. Leprohon, Mr. Stansfield (tobacconist), John Shuter 
 (crockery), Col. de Longueuil, Henderson & Wingfield, E. St. Dizier, John McGill, 
 Samuel Gerrard, Gerrard & Ogilvie, Miss Hayes, A. Scott, John A. Gray, R. Dobie. 
 
 The inhabitants of Montreal, having hitherto felt very much inconvenience from 
 the scanty supply of water, determined to remedy the evil. They had been accus- 
 tomed to get their water (not over clean) from the St. Lawrence, or from the town 
 pumps which were placed in Place d’Artnes, the market place (now Custom House 
 Square), the Jesuits’ Garden which lay near the Court House, and a few other 
 localities. “ The proprietors of the Montreal Water Works,” therefore, procured a 
 Charter, and were authorized to erect buildings and lay down pipes within the city. 
 A clause in the Company’s Act enjoined that no shareholder could hold more than six- 
 teen shares of the first amount raised and eight in the second. It gave the Company 
 exclusive right for 50 years of supplying the City with water. This was the com- 
 mencement of the magnificent reservoir and water system of Montreal of to-day, 
 expensive though it be to every householder. 
 
 In December, 1805, the news arrived in Montreal of the death of Nelson at the 
 Battle of Trafalgar. 
 
 A ball was being held in the Exchange Coffee House at the corner of St. Paul 
 and St. Peter streets. During supper the news arrived, which powerfully affected a 
 number of the company. Many ladies present were seen to shed tears. Under the 
 excitement of the moment the chairman proposed that a monument should be erect- 
 ed to his memory and a subscription opened to defray the cost of the same. Ladies 
 and gentlemen then and there in their beautiful ball dresses, French and English alike, 
 pressed forward to put down their names, so that in a few minutes a sum sufficient 
 for the purpose was subscribed, and a committee appointed to carry out the undertak- 
 ing, This is the true story of Nelson’s monument in Jacques Cartier Square. 
 
 Heriot in his travels thus speaks of Montreal at this period : — “ The streets are airy 
 and regularly disposed — one of them (St. Paul) extending nearly parallel to the river 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 3 6 
 
 through the entire length of the place ; they are of sufficient width, being intersected at 
 right angles by several smaller streets which descend from west to east. T he upper 
 street is Notre Dame, and is divided into two by the Roman Catholic church. 
 
 “ The habitations of the principal merchants are neat and commodious, and their 
 storehouses are spacious and secured against risk from fire, being covered with sheet- 
 
 iron or tin. r ~ . 
 
 “ The markets of Montreal are more abundantly supplied than those ot (Quebec, 
 
 and articles are sold at a more reasonable price— especially in winter, when the in- 
 habitants of the United States who reside upon the borders of Canada bring for 
 sale a part of the produce of their farms. Quantities of fish in a frozen state are like- 
 wise conveyed thither in sleighs from Boston. 
 
 THE FIRST STEAMBOATS OF THE ST. LAWRENCE. 
 
 From the days when Jacques Cartier first sailed on the waters of the St. Law- 
 rence river to the beginning of this nineteenth century— that is for over 250 years— 
 all travel between Quebec and Montreal had either been by a tedious journey along 
 the north or south banks of the river, and occupying many weary and dreary days ; 
 or by the almost equally weary and dreary mode of batteaux, — sailing partly and 
 pulled partly, but mostly pulled along the banks. 
 
 This waterway was that by which many expeditions during the regime of “ La 
 Belle France ” went either to victory or sometimes annihilation from the hands of 
 the savage Indians, their powerful enemies, who then swarmed throughout the 
 country. 
 
 It also was the route by which, after “ the Cession,” British troops and expe- 
 ditions were sent from the “ Ancient Capital ” to various points and places throughout 
 the continent, and previous to railways. 
 
 It was by this route, the bosom of the St. Lawrence, that the chivalrous Jacques 
 Caitier came when he discovered Hochelaga — now Montreal. 
 
 It was by this route that the great explorer Champlain came when he gave its 
 name to Lachine (the way to China), and passed on and pushed westward even to the 
 Georgian Bay of Lake Huron. 
 
 On its bosom sailed the expedition under General Murray, which resulted in the 
 capitulation of Montreal in 1760. 
 
 By the other route, i. e by land, the army of Montgomery passed on to besiege 
 Quebec, and to meet there with defeat, and the General with his death. 
 
 Hardships innumerable presented themselves in the land journey, whilst dan- 
 gers by day and by night continually stared the hardy voyageurs in the face when they 
 made their journeys from Quebec to Montreal. This was always the more difficult 
 of the two journeys — the heavy and swift flowing currents of the St. Lawrence made 
 progress much slower and laborious, and with all the detours they had to make ren- 
 dered the up voyage much more fatiguing and dangerous than that between Montreal 
 and Quebec. Here in the down voyage the hardy voyageur had the help of the 
 swift-flowing current to carry his batteau along. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 37 
 
 No wonder then that when, in the year 1809, a citizen of Montreal, John Mol- 
 son by name, declared that he would navigate the St. Lawrence between these two 
 cities in a vessel propelled by steam, and in one-tenth of the time occupied hereto- 
 fore by either route, and against all wind and tide, he had all the city incredulous. 
 Montreal laughed at him, and declared it could never be done. Montreal said it 
 was impossible. All the city unanimously declared it was the idea of an enthusiast, 
 and utterly impracticable. 
 
 Nevertheless there were some who had heard the news that such a thing had 
 been done at New York. There Fulton had sailed his little steamer successfully 
 without sail or oar, on the River Hudson, not long before. 
 
 John Molson thought what could be done in New York and on the Hudson could 
 also be done in Montreal and on the St. Lawrence. After patiently working and com- 
 pleting all the parts of his little craft, this enterprising, energetic and public-spirited 
 merchant, on the 3rd day of November, 1809, got the steam up in his “ Accommoda- 
 tion,” as the vessel was called, and amidst the huzzas and the cheers of almost the 
 whole inhabitants, who had crowded every vantage ground for the occasion, the 
 little craft shot into the current of St. Mary, and after a voyage of 66 hours, 30 of 
 which she was at anchor, safely arrived at Quebec. Here the whole city, as in Mon- 
 treal, crowded to the beach to behold this wondrous and nautical phenomenon. 
 To them, as the pretty little “ Accommodation ” gracefully came sailing in to their 
 harbor, appeared the beautiful line of the poet, “ She walks the waters like a thing 
 of life,” in all its truth and perfection. 
 
 Nothing perhaps will give a better idea of the excitement of the city and the 
 description of the vessel than the following extract from the Quebec Mercury which 
 thus chronicles the arrival of tne “ Accommodation ” in that city. It says : “On 
 Saturday morning at eight o’clock, arrived here from Montreal, being her first trip, 
 the steamboat 4 Accommodation ’ with ten passengers. This is the first vessel of the 
 kind that ever appeared in this harbor. She is continually crowded with visitants. 
 She left Montreal on Wednesday at two o’clock, so that her passage was 66 hours, 
 30 of which she was at anchor. She arrived at Three Rivers in 24 hours. She has, at 
 present, berths for 20 passengers, which, next year, will be consideraby augmented. 
 No wind or tide can stop her ! She has 75 feet keel and 85 feet on deck. The 
 price for a passage up is $9 and $8 down, the vessel supplying provisions. The 
 great advantage attending a vessel so constructed is, that a passage may be calculated 
 on to a degree of certainty in point of time, which cannot be the case with any vessel 
 propelled by sail only. The steamboat receives her impulse from an open, double- 
 spoked, perpendicular wheel, on each side, without any circular band or rim. To 
 the end of each double spoke is fixed a square board, which enters the water, and by 
 the rotary motion of the wheels acts like a paddle. The wheels are kept in motion 
 by steam operating within the vessel. A mast is to be fixed in her, for the purpose 
 of using a sail when the wind is favorable, which will occasionally accelerate her 
 headway.” 
 
3 « 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL- 
 
 This first experiment in the steam navigation of the St. Lawrence by Mr. Mol- 
 son having been found perfectly feasible, and from the very beginning both success- 
 ful and profitable as regards passengers and freight, he determined to extend his 
 work, making it a national undertaking, and accordingly there appeared in the Mon* 
 treal Gazette of date Nov. 26th, 1810, an advertisement from that gentleman, to 
 this effect i — 
 
 “ Public notice is hereby given, that John Molson, of the city of Montreal, will 
 apply to the Legislature of the Province, during its next Session, for a law gi\ ing 
 him the exclusive right and privilege of constructing and navigating a steamboat or 
 steamboats, or of causing a steamboat or steamboats to be constructed and navigated 
 within the limits of this Province, for the space of fifteen years, to be computed from 
 the 1st of May next.” 
 
 It may be supposed that his Bill was successfully passed by the Legislature, as we 
 find him in 1812 busy building another vessel, but of far larger dimensions. It was 
 no less than 130 feet keel and 24 feet beam. On the 4th day of May, 1813, she 
 made her first trip, and afterwards, and during that season especially, did splendid 
 service in conveying troops and munitions of war from Quebec to Montreal and 
 other points of vantage ground for Great Britain and Canada during the war between 
 those countries and the United States. 
 
 Nine months before her first trip, on a bright Thursday afternoon, the sun shining 
 clearly down on Mariopolis and St. Helen’s Isle, 300 of the best families of Mon- 
 treal assembled together to witness the launching of this wonderful vessel. It had 
 been built at Logan’s ship yard, St. Mary’s Current. Such an uncommon occur- 
 rence brought together one of the most representative assemblies that ever in those 
 days met. His Excellency the Governor General, His Lady and suite were all 
 present, and occupied seats on the platform ; close to the vessel, merchants and minis- 
 ters, priests and laymen, the wealth and beauty of Montreal were all there, for the 
 beauty of our grandmothers and great-grandmothers at the commencement of this 
 century could compare favorably with that of their grandchildren at its close. And 
 now arrives the sublime moment, that eventful time, when Her Excellency breaks 
 the traditional bottle of wine across the bow of the vessel, and baptizes her by the 
 name of “ Swift-Sure at the same moment her stays are cut away, and amidst the 
 thunders of the salute of 19 guns, amidst the huzzas and cheers and the waving of 
 hats and handkerchiefs of the privileged spectators and of the thousands of citizens 
 who congregated every inch of ground, where one could see, on St. Helen’s Island, 
 Isle Ronde, Longueuil shore and the Gale Farm seabeach, the “Swift-Sure” slid 
 gracefully from her moorings on, into the waters of the mighty St. Lawrence, her 
 future home. 
 
 And well she bore her name, Swift and Sure, during these perilous times for 
 Canada. She bore her military burdens wherever and whenever the occasion 
 required, and by these trips greatly conduced to the utter failure of American usurp- 
 ation of Canadian soil in 1812 and 1813. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 39 
 
 Canada, as a Colony of Great Britain, had made rapid progress since its cession 
 to the Union Jack in A.D. 1 759. It must be said truthfully that in the latter years of 
 the regime of “ La Belle France,” the colonists were treated in such a manner that 
 
 after a trial of King George’s Government — for nearly seventeen years they 
 
 unanimously declared that the flag of England was preferable to the “ Fleur de Lys ” 
 of France — and why ? 
 
 After the Cession, the British Commander, General Murray, decreed that all 
 things should be done “decently and in order.” The habitants must be paid 
 honestly in “ hard cash ” for whatever they brought either to the markets or to the 
 British Cantonments for sale. Rights were respected, the Religion, Language, and 
 Laws of the Province were secured, and every thing was done to content the people. 
 Every frenchman and French Canadian who had remained in the country felt securer 
 now, and more at ease, than in those last days of France’s hold upon her territories in 
 North America, Had not King George himself called them “ His Children ?” and 
 they knew that a better era had begun to dawn on Canada. 
 
 No wonder then that when trouble came to England— in the Revoltof her thirteen 
 States or Colonies— Canada remained faithful to her, and that it took two armies under 
 Montgomery and Arnold to enter her soil, but only to experience defeat, disorder and 
 death, and to leave the country more faithful still to the British Crown than even 
 before the Revolution of the American States. 
 
 When we turn to Montreal, we find the same patriotism displayed in both her 
 English and her French inhabitants; and although by the fortunes of war the Army 
 of Montgomery did capture the city, and the “ Stars and Stripes ” waved defiantly 
 over Marieopolis,” it was only for a short period. It soon passed; but the recol- 
 lection of 177C rankled in the breasts of all, and from father to son descended this 
 feeling, and to them applied the words of the English poet Byron : — 
 
 u Have left their sons a hope, a fame, 
 
 They too would rather die than shame.” 
 
 A generation had to be born before retaliation came ; but about thirty-seven years 
 after, they wiped the stigma of their fathers off at the Battle of Chateauguay. 
 
 This episode of Canadian History would never have been written had it not 
 been for Brock — Sir Isaac Brock — the Hero of Upper Canada, as DeSalaberry 
 is that of Lower Canada for all time to come. The first honor of wiping out the 
 defeat of Burgoyne at Saratoga fell to the Upper Canadians, when they captured the 
 entire American Army under General Hull, at Detroit. 
 
 Thus, after thirty-six years, or after nearly fifty-two years from the Cession, on a 
 sunny and leafy day in the month of June (the 18th), 1812, Congress declared war 
 against Great Britain. By some strange omission on the part of the British Minister at 
 Washington, the official notification did not reach the Governor of Canada—' “ Sir 
 George Prevost ” — until the 7th day of July. General Brock was never officially 
 notified at all. Mr. Richardson, who was afterwards Hon. John Richardson, of 
 
40 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Montreal, apprised him of it, through a private means, about the 25th of June. But 
 the Canadians were not slow. And who were these Canadians <vho had to withstand 
 the first brunt and shock of battle in Upper Canada ? — the United Empire Loyal- 
 ists 1 ! As one writer fitly remarks : — u Loyalty to England, fealty to the Crown, 
 were the birthright and heirloom of this people.” The first settlers of this western 
 soil were the fathers and mothers — American Loyalists, men of educated and ele- 
 vated minds, who had lost their all in the United States by their staunch loyalty to 
 the British Throne. They had during these past thirty-six or thirty-seven years 
 made homes for themselves and families in the Canadian forests, and they were not 
 again going to lose their homes to these American enemies as they had their first. 
 
 And when the thunder-cloud burst, it found them prepared to venture all for 
 il Hearth and Home.” General Hull crossed over from Detroit, and landed amongst 
 a quiet, inoffensive agricultural people. Immediately he issued a proclamation. To 
 give Canadians now in this last decade of the century some idea what this document 
 meant, let me state that it denied the right of the Indian to defend his own native 
 soil, and doomed to death every white man found fighting by his side. It threatened 
 all Canadians who resisted with “ the horrors and calamities of war,” and offered to 
 any who would quietly join the American flag, “ peace, liberty and security.” 
 
 To this terrible ukase Brock simply replied, that the Crown of England would 
 defend and avenge all her subjects, whether red or white, and that Canada knew her 
 duty to herself and her Sovereign, and “was neither to be bullied nor cajoled into a 
 departure from it.” 
 
 Not long after Hull’s crossing into Canada he saw that he had made a great 
 mistake. He had to draw all his resources from his rear, and when, on the 4th of 
 August, the Indian warrior Tecumseh met, defeated and scattered Van Horne’s 
 detachment — the American Commander of that division of the United States army — 
 and secured all the provisions and the mail, Hull was appalled. On the 7th and 
 8th, he withdrew himself and army across the river, — sneaking away, and mightily dif- 
 ferent from his defiant proclamation, — and resumed his occupation of Detroit. And 
 although a temporary check was given the British and Canadians at Maguaga or 
 Brownstown, as it is called, yet, a most gallant deed was performed by the captur- 
 ing of Fort Macinaw by Capt. Roberts and Toussaint Pothier, afterwards the Hon. 
 Toussaint Pothier, M.L.C., of Montreal. When Roberts told him his plans, Pothier 
 answered with delight : “ Pardieu, Monsieur, il faut frotter ces gens la bas, joliement.” 
 The fort fell into their hands, with all the military stores and valuable furs, and the 
 laughable side of the enterprise was that the American Commandant did not, until 
 then, know ot the war between the two countries. This chivalrous event disconcerted 
 Hull still more. 
 
 Now, came General Brock’s turn. In the correspondence which fell into Tecum- 
 seh’s hands on the 4th of August by the defeat of Van Horne, Brock found that Hull 
 had much fear and many misgivings of the army under his command. Brock, there- 
 fore, crossed the river, invested Detroit with 330 regulars of His Majesty’s forces and 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 41 
 
 400 militia, dressed in red coats, and when the preparations for an assault were all 
 ready, suddenly there was seen to emerge from the works of the enemy an officer 
 who bore a flag of truce. Hull resolved to capitulate, and proposed a cessation of hos- 
 tilities. Immediately articles were drawn up then and there. The whole Michigan 
 territory, Fort Detroit, a ship of war at Detroit, 33 pieces of cannon, many stores, 
 the military chest, 2,500 troops, and one stand of colors surrendered to the British. 
 
 This surrender of Detroit electrified all Canada. It was the very first occasion 
 in which the Militia had been engaged, and their courage and success encouraged 
 every one. 
 
 And so it came to pass that this episode in Montreal’s History at the beginning 
 of this century tjok place. The effect produced in Lower Canada was as great as 
 in Upper Canada. 
 
 Let us quote the following account from the Montreal Herald of Tuesday, 
 September 12th, 1812, of the entry of General Hull and his army, etc., as prisoners 
 of war into Montreal. It says : 
 
 “ Montreal, September 12th : Last Sunday evening, the inhabitants of this city 
 were gratified with an exhibition equally novel and interesting. 
 
 “ That General Hull should have entered our city so soon at the head of his troops, 
 rather exceeded our expectations. We were, however, happy to see him, and received 
 him with all the honors due to his rank and importance as a public character. The 
 following particulars relative to his journey and reception at Montreal may not be 
 uninteresting to our readers. 
 
 “ General Hull and suite, accompanied by about 25 officers and 350 soldiers, left 
 Kingston under an escort of 130 men, commanded by Major Heathcote of the New- 
 foundland regiment. At Cornwall the escort was met by Captain Gray of the Quarter- 
 Master General’s Department, who took charge of the prisoners of war, and from 
 thence proceeded with them to Lachine, where they arrived about two o’clock on 
 Sunday afternoon. At Lachine, Captains Richardson and Ogilvie with their companies 
 of Montreal Militia and a company of the King’s, commanded by Captain Blackmore, 
 formed the escort till they were met by Col. Auldjo with the remainder of the flank 
 companies of the Militia, upon which Captain Blackmore’s company fell out and pre- 
 sented arms as the General passed with the others, and then returned to Lachine, 
 leaving the prisoners of war to be guarded by the Montreal Militia alone. The line 
 of march then proceeded to the town in the following order, viz : 
 
 “ 1st. Band of the King’s Regiment. 
 
 “ 2nd. The 1 st division of the escort. 
 
 “ 3rd. General Hull in a carriage, accompanied by Captain Gray; Captain Hull 
 and Major Shakelton followed in a second carriage, and some wounded officers occu- 
 pied four other carriages. 
 
 “ 4th. The American officers. 
 
 “ 5th. The non-commissioned officers and men. 
 
 “ 6th. The second division of the escort. 
 
42 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 “ It unfortunately proved rather late in the evening for the vast concourse ofspec- 
 ators assembled to experience the gratification they so anxiously looked for. This incon- 
 venience was, however, in a great measure remedied by the illumination of the streets 
 through which the line of march passed. When they arrived at the Governor’s house, 
 the General was conducted in and presented to His Excellency Sir George Prevost. 
 He was received with the greatest politeness, and invited to take up his residence 
 there during his stay in Montreal. The officers were quartered in Holmes’ Hotel, 
 and the soldiers were marched to the Quebec Gate Barracks. The General appears 
 to be about sixty years of age, and bears his misfortune with a degree of resignation 
 that but few men in similar circumstances are fitted with.” 
 
 Some days after, the prisoners started for Quebec under a guard of Militia, com- 
 manded by Major Shakelton. General Hull had in the meantime been exchanged at 
 Montreal for thirty British prisoners taken in the hands of the Americans, and all the 
 United States Militia taken prisoners at Detroit had been sent home. 
 
 On the morning of the 19th of November following, the drums were heard all 
 over Montreal, calling the Militia to muster, as an attack was to be made on the city 
 by another invasion of the American Army. The summons was speedily obeyed. 
 Hundreds of Militia men, English and French, hastened to the call, and with deter- 
 mined resolution fell into their ranks and marched away to meet the unseen foe. But 
 it seems that it was a false alarm, for, after nine days’ anxious waiting and watching 
 (the alarm either was a false one or the enemy had prudently retired), the Montreal 
 Militia returned to the city in the morning of the 28th. They called it “ their pleasant 
 trip,” as we find in the papers of the day. 
 
 And who were the Militia ? Who were they who ventured their lives to protect 
 their city and their homes? Let their names be ever honored. Many of them the 
 following year actually 7 net the same enemy at Chateauguay, and proved that they 
 were worthy of their sires. 
 
 Let it be always remembered that Montreal was the great objective point of the 
 American War of 1812-13. One of their greatest men of that era, their Secre- 
 tary of State, had said, “ That Montreal was the apple of his eye. Why waste men 
 and money upon distant frontiers ? strike at the vitals, then you will paralyze the 
 extremities. Capture Montreal and you starve de Rotten burg and Proctor. In 
 Montreal your troops will find winter quarters and English Christmas.” 
 
 1 hese counsels carried great weight, and we know from History that the re- 
 mainder of the campaign, viz., the capture of Montreal, was the grand and crowning 
 object of American strategy, lo forward this plan the United States soon collected 
 a laige force on Lake Champlain. In the summer of 1813, about 6,000 men were 
 collected at Burlington and Plattsburg. 
 
 During all this time, and for the past year, drilling had gone on incessantly in 
 Montreal. Men of all ranks and nationalities eagerly pressed for service. To the 
 honor of our forefathers we must give the names of the officers at least who com- 
 posed these volunteer corps, determined to defend their country with their lives, 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 43 
 
 leaving all else to God. And first let me state who were the Colonels of Militia in 
 this eventful year, and our French compatriots may well be proud that they were 
 all their countrymen : — Honble. Juchereau Duchesnay, Charles DeSalaberry, Hon. 
 Olivier Perrault. 
 
 In the District of Montreal there were 21 divisions ; of course, the 1st divisions, 
 viz., the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th, were all from Montreal. In the 1st division or bat- 
 talion of Montreal, The Hon. James McGill was Colonel ; Alexander Auldjo, 
 Lieut. -Colonel ; Daniel Sutherland, Major. The Captains were Alexander Henry, 
 Francis Desrivieres, Francis Badgeley, David David and Samuel Gerrard. The 
 Lieutenants were James Woolrich, Stephen Sewell, Thomas Yeowards, Mungo Kay> 
 William Hunter, Myer Michaels and Robert Armour. The Ensigns were Andrew 
 Porteous, Peter Harkness, Andrew Patterson, David Ogden, Arthur W ebster and 
 John McTavish. Capt. Griffin was Adjutant ; Thomas Busby, Quartermaster, and 
 George Selby, Surgeon. 
 
 In the 2nd battalion or division, Jacques Hervieux was Lieut. -Colonel ; Jean 
 Bouthillier, 1st Major; and Dominique Rousseau, 2nd Major. The Captains were 
 J. Bte. Lefebvre, J. Guillaume Deslile, Michel Dumas, Toussaint Pothier, Benjamin 
 Beaubien, Louis Plessis, Thomas Barron, Louis Roi Portelance, Saveuse de Beaujeu, 
 Joseph Bedard, Louis Levesque, J. Bte. Delisle and Antoine Lange. The Lieutenants 
 were Augustin Berthelot, Pierre Chas. Dubois, Augustin Dumas, Joseph Perrault, 
 Jules Quesnel, Louis Pierre Guy, J. Bte. Routier, Jos. Robreau Duplessis, Frs. Des- 
 rivieres fils, Toussaint Peltier fils, Louis T. Bouthillier, Charles Lamontagne, Chs. 
 Fleurie Roy, Francois Delagrave, Ignace Bertrand, John Shuter, Louis Lamontagne 
 J. Papineau, J. R. Rolland and L. M. Viger. The Ensigns were Louis Partenet, 
 Luc Chs. Racine, John Jesse Reeves, Peter Lefebvre, J. Bte. Noreau, Albert Bender, 
 Felix Bruguiere, Alexandre Lusignan and Peter McCutchess. 
 
 In the 3rd battalion or division, Pierre Fortier, Colonel ; Hyp. St. George Du- 
 pr£, Lieut. -Colonel ; Gabriel Franchere, 1st Major ; Pierre Hervieux, 2nd Major. 
 The Captains were Louis Charland, P. Huguet Latour pere, P. Huguet Latour fils, 
 Jos. Robreau Duplessis, Denis Benjamin Viger, Pierre Lukin, Nicolas Meneclier, 
 Michel Fournier, Charles Prevost and Pierre Charland. The Lieutenants were 
 Felix Souligny, Joseph Roy, Hugues Heney, Chs. Racicot, Nicolas Massue, Joseph 
 Desautel, Dorn. Benj. Rollin. Alexis Bourret, Francis Roe, Gabriel Roi, Louis 
 Dulongpre fils, T. Cassimir Trudeau, Etienne Roi, Alex. Laframboise, Jean Marie 
 Cadieu, Augustin Perrault and Samuel Gale. The Ensigns were Toussaint Peltier 
 pere, Joseph Herse, Michel Bibeau, Jean Bte. Dezery, Chs. Pasteur, Michel Tru- 
 deau and Paul L. Huissier. t 
 
 2nd Battalion of the 3rd division of Montreal : Louis Guay, Lieut. -Colonel ; J. 
 P. Leprohon, 1st Major; Etienne Guy, 2nd Major. The Captains were Emmanuel 
 Vidricaire, J. M.Jarnotdit Lachapel, both of Longue Pointe ; Amable Moran and 
 Jean Bte. Maillard, both of Pointe aux Trembles ; Jean Bte. Chauvandiere, of 
 Riviere des Prairies; Pierre Demers, Augustin Richer and Gabriel Crevier, of St. 
 Laurent. Samuel Davill, Captain and Major ; Chas. Levasseur, Adjutant. 
 
44 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 We now come to the Corps of Canadian Voltigeurs , of whom Brevet Lt.-Col- 
 onel Charles DeSalaberry was the “ Commandant and Superintendent.” The Cap- 
 tains were Joseph F. Perrault, J. B. Juchereau Duchesnay, M. L. Juchereau Duches- 
 nay, Benjamin Ecuyer, J. B. Hertel De Rouville, Jacques Viger and Jacques Clement 
 Herse. The ist Lieutenants were Jacques Adhemar, Narcisse Duchesnay, Ed. 
 Lewis Prendergast, John McKay, Henry Thomas, Thomas Place, Charles D’Estimau- 
 ville and Daniel De Hertel. The 2nd Lieutenants were William Clarke, Simon 
 Clarke, Louis Cramer, Louis Guy and Henry Bouthillier. John Ebden, Adjutant; 
 John Porters, Quarter-master ; Thos. Place, Paymaster; P. De Sales La Terriere, 
 Surgeon ; Toussaint C. Truteau, Assistant Surgeon. 
 
 In the Troop of Cavalry for Montreal, George Platt was Captain ; Robert Gilles- 
 pie, Lieutenant ; and John Molson, Cornet. In the Company of Guides, Jos. Ignace 
 Hebert was Captain and Constant Cartier, Lieutenant. 
 
 So by degrees Montreal became the focus or centre of American strategy. It 
 was to be in its capture and pillage an atonement for Hull’s defeat at Detroit ; but man 
 proposes and God disposes. General Hampton, with his American army, on the 21st 
 of October, 1813, moved his forces direct and on to the Canadian frontier. About four 
 p. m. that afternoon their advanced guard drove in the Canadian advanced videttes. 
 These videttes were about ten miles from Chateauguay church. General de Watte- 
 ville being notified of this, instantly ordered up two companies of the 5th Incorporated 
 Militia, under the command of Capts. Levesque and Debartzch, and 200 men of the 
 Beauharnois Militia. Advancing about two leagues or six miles, they at night halted 
 at the confines of a thick wood. When morning came they were joined by Colonel 
 DeSalaberry with his Voltigeurs and Captain Ferguson’s Light Company of the 
 Canadian Fencibles. DeSalaberry thus reinforced pushed on for three miles, and 
 on the left bank of the river came up with the ist patrol of the enemy. Expecting 
 that here or in this vicinity there would be the meeting of the invaders and Cana- 
 dians, he had some weeks before reconnoitered the locality, and perfectly knew 
 from his own observation the whole course of the River Chateauguay in this district, 
 and found that no place presented a better position. The thick forest was cut by 
 ravines, and a great swamp was on the right. On four of these ravines he threw up 
 strong breastworks. The first three lines he placed distant about 200 yards 
 of each other. The fourth was just one mile in the rear, but this was important, for it 
 commanded a ford by which the enemy from the right bank might have got to his 
 rear. 1 his was the most important place. Almost all the day they were employed 
 in strengthening their breastworks. Finally the right bank of the river was strictly 
 guarded by sixty men of the Beauharnois Militia. DeSalaberry also sent a well- 
 armed party of thirty men (axe men) to destroy every bridge within five miles of his 
 front. His great strategy was in throwing out a formidable abattis of trees, with 
 their branches lying outward across the full line of advance, and about a mile distant, 
 thus rendering the American artillery of ten guns perfectly useless, as they could not 
 be brought into action. To DeSalaberry alone must be credited the choice of the 
 ground and the dispositions made. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 45 
 
 The General, on the 22nd, visited all the lines, and entirely approved of every- 
 thing. All the 23rd and 24th were employed in strengthening the positions, piling 
 up trees, forming the abattis still larger, and doing everything that could be done 
 to render the position safe ; and now the morning of the 25th arrives, and about ten 
 a.m., the sun shining brightly down through the open vistas in the forest, and reveal- 
 ing a sturdy band of Canadians, every man at the attention, determined to sell his 
 life for hearth and home, the American skirmishers opened fire on the abattis. After 
 a sharp exchange of muskets, those employed by UeSalaberry as laborers, augment- 
 ing the strength of the abattis, fell back, covered by the picket of the Canadian 
 Voltigeurs. As soon as DeSalaberry heard the firing he rode up from the front line 
 of defence, and brought with him three companies of the Canadian Fencibles, who 
 deployed immediately on the right rear of the abattis. He also extended Captain 
 Duchesnay’s company on the left, while the company of Captain Juchereau Duches 
 nay occupied a position on the left rear among the trees. 
 
 Those who know the course of the River Chateauguay know that here, at this 
 point, the river makes a considerable curve or bend. Nothing could be better than 
 this point for the defenders. DeSalaberry knew this, and saw at once by his position 
 that their fire flanked the ford in support of the fire in front. 
 
 While these arrangements were being made, and the Canadians were put 
 into position by the intrepid Commander, the enemy had debouched from the woods 
 into a large open space in front of the abattis. They amounted to between 3,000 and 
 3,500 men with three squadrons of cavalry and four guns. Then they advanced in 
 columns close to the abattis, but by doing so exposing their head to the fire in front, 
 and their flank to the Indians and tirailleurs in the bush and swamp. 
 
 Now came the crisis. An American officer rode out of the ranks forward to the 
 rear of the abattis, and began to harangue the troops in front. DeSalaberry seized a 
 musket from the nearest soldier, aimed fire, and the American would-be Demosthenes 
 threw up his arms and fell from his horse a dead man. At the same moment, the 
 Canadian bugles sounded the order to fire, and a blaze of musketry belched forth 
 from the abattis and the swamps, full on the head of the American line. It halted, 
 paused for a moment, made a turn then to the left, formed line and began to pour in 
 a vigorous fusilade, but of no avail, as their fire was thrown into the wood where it 
 did little or no execution. But their vigorous fire on the right compelled all the 
 Canadian pickets to retire within the abattis. Mistaking this movement on the part 
 of the pickets to flight, the Americans raised a great shout, but it was returned with 
 interest by the men within the abattis. While both sides were thus huzzaing, 
 DeSalaberry ordered all his bugles to sound and pretend that his forces were far more 
 numerous than they really were. This ruse acted completely. After a time their fire 
 slackened, but they never placed their foot upon or within the Canadian abattis. 
 
 Thus went it on, here and at other points, attack and defence, and when from a 
 high stump the Canadian Commander beheld his friend Daly with his company of the 
 5th Incorporated boldly plunge into the river, and shoulder to shoulder stem both the 
 
/ 
 
 ^6 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 water and the enemy, whom they thrust back on reaching the other side, he gave 
 words of encouragement to him and his men. But overpowered by numbers, and 
 the well-sustained fire of the enemy, he was over-matched, and slowly fell back. He 
 had been wounded in that glorious advance of the 5th when crossing the river, and 
 while retiring and faint from loss of blood, encouraging his men, he received a second 
 wound and fell. Capt. Bruyere also was wounded and fell. Slowly, and like a lion 
 at bay, they receded step by step under command of Lieutenant Schiller, and so close 
 to the enemy that they heard (hard thing to bearj the shouts and jeers of the 
 American soldiers. Little did they think that they were being drawn into an 
 ambuscade. Suddenly they became exposed to a crushing fire in flank, which 
 arrested their march and threw them into total and utter confusion. Vain was the 
 attempt to rally, they broke and scrambled back into the bush ; and thus the 
 Canadian Militia slept that night on the field of Chateauguay. Gen. Hampton with- 
 drew his forces. Many prisoners fell into the hands of the Canadians. They found on 
 the way of advance next day, muskets, knapsacks, drums, and all kinds of provisions. 
 No less than forty dead bodies were interred by them, and many graves were seen — 
 notably two of American officers of distinction who had fallen in the fight. 
 
 All did their duty well and nobly that day, but let especial mention be made of Cap- 
 tains Ferguson, de Bartzch and Levesque, Capt. L’Ecuyerand the two Duchesnays> 
 Captains Daly, Bruyere and Lamothe, who handled his Indian warriors well, Lieuts. 
 Pinguet, Guy, Johnson, Powell, Hebben and Schiller— all displayed courage and 
 vigor. Capts. Longtin and Huneau were examples to their men. Capt. Longtin 
 did, as the Ironsides of England under Cromwell were accustomed to do. It is re- 
 lated of him that before the battle he knelt down at the head of his company and 
 offered a short but earnest prayer. “ And now, mes enfans,” he said, rising, “ having 
 done our duty to God, we will do the same by our king.” 
 
 Last, but not the least, stand out the names of the “ simple soldats,” Vincent , 
 Pelletier , Vervais, Dubois and Caron , all of the Vo/tigeurs ) who, in the face of diffi- 
 culties, danger and death, swam the River Chateauguay and cut off the retreat of the 
 prisoners, who were taken, amounting to near a score. All honor be to them too. 
 Let their names for ever be remembered in the hearts of all Canadians, whether they 
 be French or English speaking. I doubt not but the same “ esprit de corps,” the 
 same love of country, fills the hearts of nine-tenths of our people to-day ; and if neces- 
 sity came (which may God avert), the same courage and pluck as seen in the 
 volunteers of 1812-13 would be displayed in those of 1892 and following years. 
 
 Here are some interesting items which are picked out from an old Almanac of 
 A.D. 1813, printed at Quebec. They will shew the great changes which have taken 
 place in Montreal since the days of the last war between Canada and the United 
 States. Many old and well-known names are also recorded worth remembering, as 
 many of our streets, squares and avenues are still called after them. The printer 
 was J. Neilson, of Quebec, and the name of the volume is “ The Quebec Almanac and 
 British American Royal Kalendar,” and the year, 1813, in the 53rd year of the reign 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 47 
 
 of His Majesty George III. The Governor was H. E. Sir Geo. Prevost ; Hon. F. 
 N. Burton, Lieut.- Governor of Lower Canada; H. W. Ryland, Secretary to the 
 Governor-General; Alex. Forbes, Esq., Lieut.-Governor of Gasp*. Among the 
 members of the Legislaiive Council we find Hon. Jon. Sewell, Speaker, and Rt. 
 Rev. Jacob, Lord Bishop of Quebec. 
 
 In the House of Assembly, elected March, 1810, 7th Provincial Parliament, 
 the Honorable J. A. Panet was Speaker, and for Montreal the members were Stephen 
 Sewell and Joseph Papineau ; Wm. Lindsay was clerk, and P. E. Desbarats, clerk’s 
 assistant. 
 
 The King’s Honorable Executive Council was composed of the Honorable Chief 
 Justice Monk, Rt. Rev. Jacob, Lord Bishop of Quebec, and the Hon. T. Dunn, J11. 
 Richardson, P. R. St. Ours, Js. Irvine, F. Baby, Js. M. Gill, A. L. Duchesnay, Js. 
 Kerr, P. A. Debonne, Ross Cuthbert, M. John, Young, H. Percival, J. Williams, 
 John Mure, Jn. Craigie, O. Perrault. 
 
 PROVINCIAL OFFICIALS. 
 
 We find Tho. Amyot, secretary of the Province; Jn. Taylor, deputy, etc. ; Jn. 
 Caldwell, receiver general ; Ed. Burke, auditor ; Thos. Douglas, acting secretary ; 
 J. B. Dupre, inspector of police, Montreal ; L. R. C. De Lery, grand voyer ; L. Char- 
 land, inspector of highways ; J. Bouthillier and W. J. Holt, inspectors of pot and pearl 
 ashes ; Geo. Hobbs, inspector of flour; J. C. Turner and F. Tison, inspectors of beef 
 and pork ; P. Charland, clerk of the markets. 
 
 Commissioners “ reposer les Eglises ” for Montreal — James McGill, Pierre Fortier, 
 Louis Chaboillez, three well-known names, the first and the last giving names to 
 McGill College and Street and Chaboillez Square. 
 
 “Commissioners for the administration of the estates heretofore belonging to the 
 late Order of Jesuits” — Honorable Francis Baby, Thomas Dunn, Jenkin Williams, 
 Berthelot Dartigny, H. W. Ryland, jr. 
 
 The trustees next mentioned are all of them well-known names. They were 
 “ Trustees for improving, ordering and keeping in repair the road from the city of 
 Montreal to Lachine through the wood ” — Honorable James McGill, Hon. John 
 Richardson, Joseph Papineau, Isaac W. Clark, Louis Guy, and Jean Marie 
 Mondelet. 
 
 About this time the old walls of Montreal were removed, the commissioners for 
 that purpose being J. McGill, J. Richardson, J. M. Mondelet and L. Chaboillez. 
 
 Cour du Banc du Roi, Court of King’s Bench, Montreal — Honorable Js. Monk, 
 Chief Justice ;Wm. Pollock and J. Reid, clerks ; Judges Isaac Ogden, J. Reid, L. C. 
 Foucher; F. W. Ermantinger, sheriff; J. M. Mondelet, coroner]; Jacob Khun, 
 gaoler. 
 
 There were only thirty advocates in Montreal at this time, but what important 
 names are found amongst them ! How many figured afterwards on the Bench or at the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 48 
 
 Bar, or in Parliament, or on the stage of their country’s history. The same may be 
 said of the nineteen notaries, their names being found below this list of advocates— 
 Stephen Sewell, Chas. F. Hamelin, Dr. Ross, Jos. Bedard, D. B. Viger, J. D. Lacroix, 
 Ben. Beaubien, Ross Cuthbert, Dr. Ogden, F. H. Bender, A. Levesque, J. R. Rol- 
 land, P. D. Debartzch, L. M. Viger (he was called Beau Viger), F. A. Quesnel, 
 S. Gale, Hy. Georgen, T. P. Fortune, John Boston, L. Jos. Papineau, J. C. Herse, 
 M. O’Sullivan, Alex. Reid, J. C. Routier, W. Davidson, H. Heney, Chs. Ogden, 
 Alex. Elliot and Alexis Bownet. 
 
 THE LIST OF NOTARIES 
 
 is as follows Jean Delisle, J. Jorand, J. Papineau, G. Beck, L. Chaboillez, J. G. 
 Delisle, P. Lukin, J. M. Mondelet, Thos. Barron, Chs. Prevost, Louis Guy, Louis H. 
 Latour’ J. M. Cadieux, L. Sarrault, Jos. Roi, P. Mercier, A. Dumouchelle, Jos. Desau- 
 tels, Thomas Bedouin and Henry Griffin. 
 
 Among the Justices of the Peace the following are a few of the English names. 
 Some of these are extinct, while others remain in their sons and grandsons — P. Murray, 
 Alex. Henry, Js. Hughes, John Lilly, Wm. Lindsay, Wm. McGillivray, Jas. Cald- 
 well, Jas. Cuthbert, Rod. McKenzie, C. Carter, Jas. Connolly, Jas. Sawyer, Duncan 
 Cameron, Calvin May, Gilbert Jeune, John Whitlock, E. Nash, A. Wilson, Ph. Luke, 
 Henry Collins, O. Barker, John Ferguson, Thomas Porteous, J. Oldham, Alex. Mab- 
 but, S. Anderson, Sam. Willard, Jonas Abbot, George Cook, Henry Mounsey, Henry 
 Denyke, William Kell, Joel Ives, John Savage, Joseph Baker, Richard Adams, P. 
 Wright, Wm. Bullock, Ph. Hubbard, John Whitman, Joseph Power, John Manning, 
 Joseph Odell, Charles Kilburn, Simon Fraser, Henry McKenzie, Jas. Finlay, Henry 
 Cull, Ezra Ball, Elisha Bartholomew, Wm. Bryne, John Lane, Richard Nevison, 
 Jeremiah Meacham, George Kitson, Robert Jones, John Chester, J. Milner, Wm. 
 Smith, Thomas Coffin, John McGinnis, Thomas Dawson, Joseph Richardson, John 
 Ogilvie, Angus Shaw, Wm. Auld, Thomas Thomas, Geo. Gladman, Wm. H. Cook, 
 Thos. Tapping and Abel Edwards. 
 
 DOCTORS AND DENTISTS. 
 
 We now come to the Doctors, and we find that the whole number in the city was 
 ten, and in the country (district of Montreal) thirty. The city names are : Geo. Selby, 
 Hy. Loedel, John Rowand, F. H. Bender, Daniel Arnoldi, Benj. Green, Grant Pow- 
 ell, D. T. Kennelly, Abner Rice and Rene Kimbert. At the present day not one 
 of these names appears on our medical list ; the families have become extinct, or have 
 left the city. Among the country doctors there are some well-known names, which 
 afterwards figured in Canadian History, such as Henry Munro, Wm. D. Selby, Simon 
 Fraser, Henry Carter, Wolfred Nelson and Samuel Newcombe. The last two were 
 well known in the Rebellion of 1837-8. Then besides the doctors there were the 
 apothecaries. There are only three : A. Lyman, George Wadsworth and Moses 
 Nichols. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 49 
 
 Next come what is styled “ Seigneurs et Aracheurs de Dents,” or in English, 
 “Bleeders and Drawers of Teeth,’’— Jos. Borgue, Chas. Schiller, Charles Thenel.Guil. 
 Le Bat, and An. Berthier. 
 
 A peculiar title was given to doctors about this time in connection with this 
 name. In an old account of a trial now in the archives of the Court House, there is 
 a physician called Alex. Spence, who is designated accachen and man-midwife. This 
 seems to have been, in legal parlance, the designation at the beginning of this 
 century. 
 
 In the Customs, N. H. Percival was collector ; Hugh McDonald, tidesman ; Wm. 
 Lindsay, collector at St. Johns ; Wm. McCrae, gauger at same place ; and Hugh 
 O’Hara, deputy collector. 
 
 D. Sutherland was postmaster, and the post packets which sailed to the 
 Bay of Fundy were the schooner u Matilda,” 50 tons, and the sloop “ Mary Ann,” 
 29 tons. 
 
 We now come to the militia and military then in Canada. In the 4th Co. of 
 volunteers, of the 1st Battalion Militia of Montreal, we find P. Caldwell, major, 
 commanding ; Capts. P. Dunlop, J. Richardson, John Forsyth and John Oglivy ; 
 Lieuts. David Ross, Thos. Blackwood, Geo. Gillespie, Hart Logan, Alex. Allison, 
 Geo. Gordon, William Hallowell and Thos. Thain ; Ensign Jas. Leslie and Adjt. 
 Thos. Ahern. In the Troop of Cavalry of Montreal, Geo. Platt was captain; Rt. 
 Gillespie, lieu t. ; John Molson, cornet. 
 
 THE ECCLESIASTICAL STATE. 
 
 We now come to the ecclesiastical state of Canada, which shows a startling 
 advance since those early days. In the whole provinces of Upper and Lower Canada 
 there were only thirteen clergymen of the Church of England and three of the Church 
 of Scotland. There is not one Methodist, Baptist or Congregational minister given. 
 Rev. Dr. Mountain was rector of Christ’s Church, Montreal, and Rev. Mr. Somer- 
 ville was the Presbyterian clergyman in the city. There were about twenty-two or 
 twenty-four Roman Catholic priests in the city then. Schoolmasters were more 
 plentiful than clergy, no less than eighteen English teachers being then in the Province 
 of Lower Canada. Finley Fisher is the teacher for Montreal, and we find Mr, 
 Nelson at William Henry (now Sorel), Mr. Baker at Durham, Rev. Mr. Wilkie, 
 Quebec, with Mr. Thom and Mr. Sprat. 
 
 The greatest quantity of wheat ever exported from Canada up to the date of this 
 Almanac was in 1802. It amounted to 1,010,033 bushels. There were besides 
 exported that year 28,301 bbls. of flour and 22,051 cwt. of biscuit. 
 
 It may be interesting to know that our esteemed fellow-citizen, Mr. W. W. 
 Ogilvie, and Senator Ogilvie’s grandfather, was the first man who exported flour from 
 Canada, and in this year 1802 ; in the previous one 1801 he had come from Scotland 
 to Quebec, and started a flour mill at Jacques Cartier near Quebec, and this same 
 year opened up one at Lachine. What a difference now ! Last year his grandson 
 exported from Manitoba over 7,000,000 bushels. 
 
 4 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 New ships 5896 tons weight were built in the province in the year 1813. Bread 
 and beef continue much about the same as then. Bread quoted at per lb., and 
 
 beef sd. Lastly, when Montreal was not one-fifth the size that it is now, there were 
 four members of Parliament allowed. Why not reorganize and give the wealthiest and 
 largest City of the Dominion her just rights as regards parliamentary representation ? 
 She would now have at least 12 members in proportion to the 4 of 1813. 
 
 It may be worth while here to write about the Montreal of this period— 1815-16. 
 These records are generally taken from a paper by the late J. H. Dorwin, which 
 appeared in the Star, and are very correct, as he was an eye-witness to all he speaks 
 about : “ Viger Garden was a swamp, and from this swamp a sluggish creek or ditch 
 ran south-westerly along what is now Craig street, past the east end of St. Antoine 
 street, making a turn at Dow's Brewery, coming east through the Priest’s Garden across 
 McGill street at St. Ann’s market and into the river, where the Custom House now 
 stands. Its lower course was at least twenty feet deep, allowing canoes in times of 
 high water to come up to McGill street. Over its banks was thrown all the filth and 
 refuse of the city, to be washed away once a year by the spring freshets. It was 
 crossed by four bridges, over which ran roads into the country. In the bed of this 
 creek is now Craig street tunnel, the main sewer of the city. 
 
 “ About where St. Louis street now is was a small deep pond, the resort of musk- 
 rats and waterfowl. Between Bonsecours street and St. Mary was Citadel Hill, 
 sixty feet high, occupied by the military, having on its summit a large block house, 
 where cannon were fired at sunrise and at noon, and a sentry paced constantly. Ihe 
 eastern portion of this hill, where Dalhousie square is now, was removed in 1812 to 
 construct the plateau of the Champ de Mars, and in 1819 the remainder, between 
 Bonsecours street and the square, was taken to fill up and level off the pond just 
 mentioned. Mr. Dorwin was one of the contractors in the latter removal, and earth to 
 the depth of 55 feet was taken from where the old Donegani Hotel stands, and St. 
 Mary street was thus joined with Notre Dame. There was a tradition among the 
 old settlers that the hill had originally been built with material dug from the pond, 
 but this was disproved by the disclosure through it of the natural strata and layers 
 of earth. On the side of the hill next the pond were found several coffins, some of 
 them well preserved. The coroner was notified ; but instead of holding a long judi- 
 cial and scientific investigation, he ordered them to be tumbled into the pond with 
 the rest of the earth. Under the block-house on the summit was found a human 
 skeleton wrapped in the remains of an old blanket. 
 
 “ Five roads, corresponding to St. Mary, St. Lawrence, St. Antoine, St. Joseph and 
 Wellington streets, ran out of the city to the country, four of them passing through 
 groups of houses forming four small suburbs. 
 
 “ The Quebec suburbs, the most aristocratic locality outside the city limits, con- 
 sisted of a score or two of buildings, mostly small, scattered along both sides of St. 
 Mary street from a gate at the east end of St. Paul street to beyond Molson’s Brew- 
 ery. There were a few side lanes, the outlines of the present cross streets, and the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 5* 
 
 Papineau road had just been opened, through which the habitants from the country 
 to the north and east began to pass as the shortest way to market. On the right 
 hand passing down were the three fine stone residences of Bishop Mountain, Judge 
 Reid and Baron Grant, all now standing, the last afterwards bought by William 
 Molson. Molson’s Brewery stood then as now, and a short distance beyond was a 
 foundry carried on by the large firm of Allison, Turner & Co. Between the two was 
 a shipyard, the only one then in the place, where a shipbuilder named Johnson built 
 vessels lor Mr. James Miller ; and below the foundry was the fine country residence 
 of the Hon. John Richardson, the prime mover in the digging of the Lachine canal. 
 In Hochelaga were a few farm-houses and a tavern or two. 
 
 St. Lawience suburb, the most populous of the four, commenced at a bridge 
 over the creek at the foot of St. Lawrence street. This street, as far up as where 
 Ontario now intersects, was quite thickly lined with small low wooden buildings. 
 Above Sherbrooke street, before reaching the Mile End tavern, there were but two 
 houses, both of stone, and on the left side of the street, then belonging to John Clark 
 and now the property of the Bagg estate. Sherbrooke street was then opened from 
 St. Lawrence street about as far west as Bleury. In 1819 two fine residences were 
 built on this street, — one by Jacob Hall and the other by Torrance. They were both 
 prominent objects to the citizens below, and the latter, being the only cut-stone 
 structure outside the main city, was the admiration of every passer-by. It is now 
 the residence of the Molson family. To the west, ‘ The Towers,’ still well pre- 
 served, had even then been standing for over a hundred years, and are probably the 
 oldest buildings in Montreal. A foot bridge crossed the creek at Bleury street, 
 and a narrow lane ran up about as far as Dorchester street, along which straggled 
 about half a dozen small houses. This was called ‘ Flirtation Lane,’ and was a 
 favorite promenade for romantic couples during the long twilight of the summer 
 evenings. 
 
 “ St. Antoine suburbs began at a bridge crossing the creek at the east end of St. 
 Antoine street, and was a road with several cross lanes pretty closely built up as far 
 west as Mountain street. There was only one first-class house, that of Norman A. 
 McLeod, a rich ‘ North-Wester,’ or member of the North-West Company. The chief 
 man of this company, the Hon. Win. McGillivray, had a fine stone residence in Cote 
 St. Antoine, about the end of Dorchester street, the most magnificent building in the 
 whole city, afterwards owned by the Hon. Charles Wilson. 
 
 st. Ann’s suburbs. 
 
 “ Over the creek at Dow’s Brewery was a third bridge crossed by the Upper 
 Lachine road ; at the foot of McGill street, near St. Ann’s market, was a fourth, over 
 which ran the Lower Lachine road, both roads much travelled in those ante-canal 
 days. Beyond the latter bridge the Grey Nun road led down to the water. At 
 Pointe Calliere the Grey Nunnery then stood, and a little farther west were three wind- 
 mills. West of this, in what rejoiced in the name of ‘ St. Ann suburbs,’ were seven 
 
/ 
 
 ,-2 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 buildings scattered confusedly over the common, and other than the Lachine road 
 not even an attempt at street-making. The nearest buildings were H. & R. Corse’s 
 dwelling and linseed oil factory. Thomas McCord had a block house near the 
 Canal Basin, and William Forbes lived in a two-storey Yankee house near the corner 
 of King and Wellington streets. Robert Griffin, from whom Griffintown took its 
 name, had a soap factory near the latter street, and away west the Gregory house 
 was standing called ‘ Woodlands ’ then ; a fine stone house was standing with polar 
 trees around it, owned by Gregory, a ‘ North-Wester.’ A little beyond was Chap- 
 man’s Brewery. Much of the land around was then a swamp, flooded during the 
 spring freshets and wet seasons. 
 
 “ Point St. Charles was a common. Beaver Hall Hill was a field with a long low 
 wooden building at its foot called ‘ Frobisher’s ’ house. The mountain was cov- 
 ered with trees, and had on it McTavish’s monument and unfinished house. All the 
 rest of the country round not before mentioned, now cut up by miles and miles of 
 streets, lined with the best residences of the city, was then orchards, gardens and 
 open fields, dotted here and there with farm houses. 
 
 THE MONEY OF OUR FATHERS. 
 
 “ Most of the money in use then was silver. The coins were Spanish dollars. 
 French half-crowns valued at two shillings and ninepence, pistareens valued at one 
 shilling, and sevenpence half-penny pieces. The only paper money ever seen in the 
 country were army bills which had been issued by the Government during the war, and 
 were most of them redeemed shortly after. The habitants, not being able to read, 
 would not take paper money, and preferred silver coin, perhaps, to any other. Con- 
 sequently, all kinds of silver coins, depreciated and otherwise, poured into the coun- 
 try from all quarters, and passed at par and sometimes above it. Half-crowns and 
 pistareens were worth only half a dollar and iycts., respectively, in Boston, but were 
 brought over here by the boxful and passed at the above quoted values. Specula- 
 tors brought over large quantities of American half-dollars and exchanged them for 
 army bills, which were at a heavy discount here, took the^army bills over the' border 
 and sold them at a high premium.” 
 
 THE FIRST CANADIAN BANK. 
 
 In the summer of 1817 a number of prominent merchants of the city, after hold- 
 ing several meetings, formed a company with a capital of $1,000,000 and started the 
 Bank of Montreal. They had no charter, for in those days the obtaining of rights 
 for private companies was a very difficult and tedious undertaking, as after the neces- 
 sary legislation had passed the Provincial Government, the whole matter had to be 
 sent to the British Government for sanction. It was a great puzzle to the Bank how 
 to issue bills for circulation without making each stockholder personally liable for 
 their payment, but at last the following form for the reading of their notes was 
 adopted : — 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 53 
 
 nffi T'n Pre . Sldent an<1 Dlrectors of the Bank °f Montreal promise to pay A. B., or bearer, the sum 
 ot hve dollars (or other amount) out of the joint funds of the Association, and no other." 
 
 This form was, of course, dropped when the charter was obtained. Several years 
 ago one of these old notes was presented as payment to the Metropolitan Bank of 
 this city. John Grey, a retired dry goods merchant, was the first President of the 
 Bank; Robert Griffin, the first Cashier. The directors were some of the most pro- 
 minent business men of the city. They were Hon. John Richardson, Samuel Gerard, 
 Thomas Tliain, Horatio Gates, George Auldjo, John Molson, Thomas A. Turner, 
 William Emiatinger, Zabdiel Thayer and David David. On the ist of October, 1817, 
 the first bank note ever issued in Canada was issued by the Montreal Bank. Not- 
 withstanding the prejudice of the habitants against paper money, the Bank prospered 
 until 1824, when Samuel Gerard was made President. He, by his mismanagement, 
 had lost the one-third of its capital by 1827. John Molson then became President, 
 and the losses were redeemed in a few years, but for five years at that time the Bank 
 paid no dividend. It occupied for the first few years of its existence a small building 
 in St. Paul Street, and then moved into a much larger one in St. James Street. 
 
 ANOTHER BANK. 
 
 In 1818 the Bank of Canada was started by a few wealthy individuals, who were 
 dissatisfied with the directorship of the Bank of Montreal. Thomas H. Turner was 
 President, and Robert Armour, Cashier. There was not room for two banks, how- 
 ever, and the influence of its rival was too powerful, so it died in a few years, and fell 
 into the hands of two firms— H. Gates & Co. and Wm. Peddie & Co., who wound 
 up its affairs without any loss to the stockholders. Many persons have a belief that 
 such an institution as the “ Bank of Canada ” never existed, so for their better con- 
 vincement the following business notice has been clipped from the Canadian Courant 
 of May 13, 1820 : 
 
 BANK OF CANADA. 
 
 Director for following week — Abner Bagg, Esq. Days of Discount— Wednesday 
 and Saturday. Opens at ten and shuts at three o’clock. Exchange on Quebec, New 
 York and London for sale. 
 
 Robert Armour, Cashier. 
 
 These advertisements occur weekly through the Canadian Courant for 1820, side 
 by side with similar announcements of the Bank of Montreal. 
 
 WHAT IT COST TO SEND LETTERS. 
 
 The mail system of that time was a part of the English Postal Service, and the 
 Province had no voice in the matter. The Montreal Post Office was a room about 
 twelve feet square in St. Sulpice Street, near St. Paul. There were no letter-boxes ; 
 it was all “ general delivery ” in its crudest form. The few letters lay scattered about 
 on a table, and had all to be looked over at each application at the door. Very few 
 
 
54 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 letters came or went j the mail to Upper Canada was weekly, and the seven days col- 
 lection could be contained in one small mail-bag. That to Quebec was oftener and 
 larger The English mail, carried in sailing vessels, arrived during the summer at 
 periods of from a month and a half to three months apart. In winter it came by New 
 York and was longer on the way. Postage was very dear, about 9 d. to Quebec, 5d. 
 to St John, is. 6d. to western part of Upper Canada, and is. 6d. to the Lower Pro- 
 vinces In 1820 there appeared in the various newspapers an official advertisement 
 signed by a member of the English Postal Service, giving a list of reduced rates 
 between Canada and many foreign countries, the postage on a letter to the various 
 countries of Western Europe varying from 3s. iod. to 4s 4d. There were no money 
 letters, for indeed there was no money in a form convenient for sending thus. The 
 recipient of a letter paid all the postage except in cases where it crossed the United 
 States boundary, when the sender paid as far as the lines. There was much private 
 mail carrying both for pay and free. Anyone travelling to the United States or Upper 
 Canada was expected to fill half his baggage with letters and various articles for per- 
 sons there. 
 
 THF. NEWSPAPER PRESS. 
 
 There were three English newspapers published in Montreal in 1816, the Gazette , 
 Herald , and Canadian Courant . There was no French paper. The Gazette , 
 started in 1778, was at the time of which we are writing owned and printed by James 
 Brown in a small wooden building which has been before spoken of, standing on the 
 corner of St. Francois Xavier and Notre Dame Streets. The Herald had been 
 started in 1809 by a man named Kay. The Canadian Courant , established in 1807 
 by Nahum Mower, was still conducted by him in a small building in St. Paul Street 
 in 1820, and was perhaps then the most influential and widely read of the three. 
 Mower, however, was the life of it, for when he died it died shortly after him, in 1833* 
 A glance at its pages for 1820 shows that it was conducted with considerable ability. 
 The local columns were well filled and well written ; the many abuses of the time 
 were denounced, and necessary improvements advocated. The European intelligence, 
 the most important part of which in 1820 concerned the trial of Queen Caroline, was 
 about two months behind time. The Canadian Courant was published twice a 
 week in 1820, and its advertising columns were well patronized. Many of the inser- 
 tions there would now be called unique and amusing. Here is a sample : 
 
 A PERSON IN THIS CITY 
 
 has in his possession a good Silk UM- 
 BRELLA known not to be his own : he is 
 desired to examine its folds, on which he will 
 find the owner’s name marked in several places 
 with a pen, and to be kind enough to return it. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 55 
 
 WHAT GOODS USED TO COST. 
 
 As another matter for comparison, we give the prices of a few staple articles 
 taken from the market price list in the Ca?iadian C our ant of May, 20, 1820, which 
 are: Beef, £2 10s per bbl; pork, £4 to £5 do; flour, £1 5s to £1 10s do; coffee, £8 
 to £9 per cwt; sugar, £3 to £3 10s do; butter, best quality iod per lb; tea, 4s to 
 8s 6d ; tobacco, 6d to is 3d do; brandy, 4s to 5s per gal; coal, £1 10s to £1 15s 
 per chaldron. All these articles sold at a much higher rate during and shortly after 
 the war. 
 
 THE MERCHANT PRINCES OF 1816. 
 
 The principal wholesale firms doing business in Montreal in 1816 were: 
 McGillivray, Thain & Co., otherwise called the “ North-West Company;” Forsythe, 
 Richardson & Co., who were agents East India Company; Maitlands, Garden & 
 Auldjo ; Gerard, Gillespie, Moffatt & Co., then agents Phcenix Fire Insurance Co., 
 of London, and now existing as Gillespie, Moffatt & Co. ; H. Gates & Co. ; Allison, 
 Turner & Co. ; Desrivieres, Blackwood & Co. ; Blackwood, LaRoque & Co. ; Rob- 
 inson, Masson & Co. ; Hector Russel & Co., also retailing fancy dress goods — the 
 great retail dry goods house of that time ; Miller, Parlane & Co. James Miller left 
 the firm in 1819 and engaged exclusively in shipbuilding, and was really the founder 
 of the Allan line of steamships; James McDougall & Co., merchants and brokers; 
 Hart, Logan* & Co. ; Geo. Platt & Co., hardware ; J. & J. M. Frothingham, hardware, 
 now existing as Frothingham & Workman ; J. T. Barrett, hardware; Jacob DeWitt, 
 hardware ; Lewis Lyman, druggist, the founder of the present house of Lyman, Sons 
 & Co. ; Day, Gelston &Co., druggists, Mr. Day being the father of the late Judge 
 Day ; Wadsworth & Nichols, druggists ; Thomas Torrance and John Torrance, both 
 wholesale and retail grocers ; Bowman & Smith, grocers ; Zabdiel Thayer, crockery ; 
 Toussaint Peltier, grain merchant ; Felix Souligny, do ; McNider, Aird & White, 
 auctioneers ; M. C. Cuvillier & Co., do., and Bridge & Penn, do. Most of these 
 firms did what would even now be called a very large business, and many of the men 
 composing them were reputed wealthy. The possession of $25,000 in those days 
 made a rich man, and $100,000 a very wealthy man. 
 
 I will now give the principal events of the Court of King’s and Queen’s Bench in 
 a tabulated form and in chronological order, beginning A.D. 1812 to the Rebellion of 
 1 837-38. This is to show the Administration of Justice before the Responsible 
 Government which was procured by ’37-38 was given to the people of Canada. 
 
 1812 — APRIL TERM. 
 
 D. McDougall, stealing in a shop, to be hanged, executed ; S. Trask, horsesteal- 
 ing, to be hanged, executed. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 56 
 
 1813 — SEPTEMBER TERM. 
 
 A. Vaudri, stealing an ox, to be hanged, executed; P. Kacicot, rape, to be 
 hanged, executed ; J. Montreuil, horse stealing, to be hanged, executed ; B. Clement, 
 a boy 13 y 2 years old, stealing a cow, to be hanged, executed; P. Dufresne, petit 
 
 larceny, 39 lashes. 
 
 1814 — MARCH TERM. 
 
 D. Curran, murder, hanged, and “that his body be delivered by the Sheriff of the 
 district to George Selby, Esq., of the City of Montreal, Surgeon, for the purpose of dis- 
 section, conformable to law ”; J. B. Potvin,. petit larceny, 39 lashes ; M.Williams, high- 
 way robbery, to be hanged, executed ; Lot. Gray, stealing, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 SEPTEMBER TERM. 
 
 Roger Hallan, rape, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 1815 — MARCH TERM. 
 
 A. Pelletier, theft, 39 lashes and branded on the hand ; D. Emmanuel, horse 
 stealing, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 SEPTEMBER TERM. 
 
 J. Raymond, stealing, 39 lashes ; A. Latulippe, larceny, 39 lashes ; L. Fortin, 
 horse stealing, to be hanged, executed ; W. Leopord, larceny, to be hanged, executed ; 
 Jos. Wilson, shoplifting, to be hanged, executed ; Geo. Cross, burglary, to be hanged, 
 executed ; J. Roy, burglary, to be hanged, executed ; J. B. Robillard, horse stealing, 
 to be hanged, executed. 
 
 1816 — SEPTEMBER TERM. 
 
 Jos. Quinn, petty larceny, 39 lashes and 12 months ; Joseph Barbeau, stealing, 
 to be hanged, executed; J. Rousseau, petty larceny, 39 lashes and 18 months House 
 of Correction ; L. Lavigne, petty larceny, 39 lashes and 18 months House of Cor- 
 rection. 
 
 1817 — SEPTEMBER TERM. 
 
 Frs. Gendron, sacrilege, to be hanged, executed ; Joseph LeBrien, horse steal- 
 ing, to be hanged, executed. And two other men, same crime, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 1818 — MARCH TERM. 
 
 L. Bourguignon, grand larceny, to be hanged, but prays for the benefit of Clergy , 
 which being allowed him by the Court, he is sentenced to 2 years House of 
 Correction. 
 
 Benefit of Clergy. 
 
 It was an ancient privilege allowed to the Clergy of claiming those accused of 
 felony to be delivered up to the ecclesiastical judge — always favorable to his own 
 order — for compurgation, instead of being tried in the ordinary way before the lay 
 judges of the land. In ancient times few persons except those in Holy Orders could 
 

 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 57 
 
 read, and accordingly the test for an accused person claiming benefit of Clergy was 
 his ability to read. If he could not, the courts would not part with the defendant, 
 but proceed to try him as if he were a layman. Afterward, when education became 
 more general, other persons besides Clergymen were able to read ; and so, in the reign 
 of Edward III., Parliament extended the privilege of Clergy, as it is called, to clerkly 
 laymen until the reign of Elizabeth. Women were not allowed their Clergy until the 
 reign of William and Mary, when Parliament extended the benefit to them. In the 
 reign of Henry VII., however, a blow was aimed at this singular privilege as enjoyed 
 by laymen, and a statute was then passed against “ divers persons lettered, who have 
 been more bold to commit murders, rapes, robbery, theft, as well as other mischievous 
 deeds,” which enacted that persons “ not within Holy Orders, accused of these 
 offenses, and convicted thereof, were in cases of murder to be marked with the letter 
 “ M ” on the brawn of the left thumb, and in all others with the letter “ T,” to denote, 
 it is presumed, that the person had been guilty of theft. In cases of high treason, 
 benefit of Clergy was never allowed to be pleaded. It is stated that when an accused 
 person claimed his Clergy it was usual to test his learning by requesting him to read 
 the first verse of the fifty-first Psalm, which in Latin begins with the words “ Migerere 
 mei Deiis.” In addition to the extraordinary character of this proceeding, in which 
 a touch of grim humor seems perceptible, its absurdity is apparent, for, of course, men 
 might easily have coached themselves up in the required test. The ecclesiastical 
 judge, who was generally the Bishop, might, however, have given the defendant any- 
 thing else to read, and, in either case, in the event of his inability to comply, might 
 have handed him over to the law, and this proceeding generally meant death. A 
 custom which favored criminals solely on account of their good education appears to 
 us, when it is unjustly thought that superior intelligence adds a stain to criminality of 
 any kind, to be in the highest degree absurd ; yet we are told by able writers that the 
 benefit of Clergy or learning — for “ clergy ” is here tantamount thereto — was not so 
 ridiculous as it seems. Without saying more on the subject, it may be stated that 
 the privilege was abolished in the reign of George IV. 
 
 M. Munroe, stealing from a dwelling house, to be hanged, executed ; Jos. 
 Verdon, horse stealing, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 May 21 — James Healy, burglary, to be hanged, executed; Edmund Burk, 
 burglary, to be hanged, executed; E. Sidney, burglary, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 1819 — JANUARY TERM. 
 
 January 19 — W. Burk, stealing fowls, 39 lashes and 3 months. 
 
 May 8 — Ch. Walker, stealing goods, 39 lashes and 3 months ; J. B. Delinette, 
 horse stealing, to be hanged, pardoned to 3 years in House of Correction. 
 
 September 26 — J. Slack, stealing gold watch, to be hanged, pardoned. 
 
 October n — T. Ozalpha, stealing, 39 lashes and 12 months. 
 
 November 24 — A. Combe, assassination, to be hanged, transported for life. 
 
 December 7 — T. Lalancet, stealing, 39 lashes and 3 years in House <of Correct 
 
 tion. 
 
 ' — \ 
 
 / 
 
58 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 December 9— J. Menard, horse stealing, 39 lashes and 3 years in House of Cor- 
 rection. 
 
 ! 82 1 — OCTOBER TERM. 
 
 October 15— J. Gondreau, forgery, 39 lashes and 3 months. 
 
 October 25— Custley Huff, manslaughter, branded in the hand and six months ; 
 J. B. Bourgoin, horse stealing, to be hanged, pardoned by the King ; two men, 
 Louzon and Beaudry, petty larceny, 39 lashes and 6 months. 
 
 November 7— T. Burk, arson, to be hanged, pardoned by the King ; Jn. Wight- 
 man, arson, to be hanged, pardoned by the King: N. Gauson, forged bills, to be 
 hanged, executed ; A. Jeffreys, forged bills, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 j822 — FEBRUARY TERM. 
 
 February 21 — J. Smith, stealing, 39 lashes and 3 months. 
 
 March 15— E. Gilley, horse stealing, to be hanged, commuted to 6 months; J. 
 Lambert, stealing fowls, 39 lashes and 6 months. 
 
 April 22— J. Ouimet, petty larceny, pillory and 3 months; N. Black, murder, 
 to be burned in the hand ; J. Gain, murder, to be burned in the hand. 
 
 j u }y 23— J. Clap, sheep stealing, to be hanged, respited. 
 
 September 5 — J. Larose, sheep stealing, to be hanged, 12 months. 
 
 September 22— Fr. Lambert, horse stealing, to be hanged, respited. 
 
 November 9— J. Hurtt, burglary, to be hanged, respited ; J. Bradham, burglary, 
 to be hanged, respited. 
 
 November 15 — Jos. Moreau, stealing a book, 39 lashes and 12 months. Another 
 man, stealing clothes, 39 lashes and 12 months. 
 
 November 18— P. Vazina, stealing an ox, to be hanged, pardoned by the King. 
 
 1823 — JANUARY TERM. 
 
 January 11 — Five men, for burglary at Lachine, were arrested; three were 
 executed and the other two got 6 months House of Correction. 
 
 May 14 — A. Paradis, stealing a cow, heifer and three horses, to be hanged, 
 executed. 
 
 June 8 — Jas. Connolly, drowning a man, 6 months in jail and to be “ burned in 
 the hand in open Court.” 
 
 June 16 — Ch. Perrault, burglary, to be hanged, respited and sent 5 years to 
 Quebec. 
 
 August 16 — W. Daley, murder, to be burned in the hand and 6 months. 
 
 August 30 — Robert Blair, manslaughter, to be burned in the hand and 6 months. 
 
 October 28 — R. Chambers, murder, to be hanged, transported. 
 
 1824 — JANUARY TERM. 
 
 January 16 — M. Giroux, rape, to be hanged, transported. 
 
 January 19 — Jos. Leger, murder, to be hanged, respited ; J. Mongeon, sheep- 
 stealing, to be hanged, respited ; J. B. Verdun, burglary, to be hanged, respited. 
 
 January 29 — John J. Prime, horse stealing, to be hanged, respited. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 59 
 
 September io — J. B. Belair, stealing a silver watch, to be burned in the hand. 
 September 29 — Jos. Bellerose, burglary, to be hanged, executed ; J. B. Delenelle, 
 burglary, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 October 18 — J. Potvin, sheep stealing, to be hanged, pardoned. 
 
 1825 — JANUARY TERM. 
 
 January 7 — E. Hurd, forgery implements, to be hanged, pardoned. 
 
 January 17 — J. Belanger, sheep stealing, to be hanged, pardoned. 
 
 March 1 — P. Renso, horse stealing, to be hanged, pardoned. 
 
 August 27 — Ob. Sherwood, burglary, to be hanged, pardoned ; Moses Emer- 
 son, burglary, to be hanged, pardoned. 
 
 December 14 — Alex. Brunette, stealing horses, to be hanged, executed ; J. B. 
 Monancie, stealing horses, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 1826 — FEBRUARY TERM. 
 
 February 13 — F. Goyette, sheep stealing, to be hanged, transported. 
 
 February 20 — M. Magoon, forgery, to be hanged, transported. 
 
 April 14 — B. Demers, horse stealing, to be hanged, transported to Bermudas ; 
 Marie Belanger, horse stealing, to be hanged, transported to Bermudas. 
 
 April 30 — D. Brosette, horse stealing, to be hanged, respited. 
 
 August 29 — J. Bouchard, murder, to be branded on the hand. 
 
 November 25 — J. Moses, burglary, to be hanged, transported to Bermudas. 
 
 1827 — JUNE TERM. 
 
 June 22 — John McDonald, forgery, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 July 29 — Jos. Sinclair, burglary, to be hanged, transported to Bermudas. 
 September 9. — J. B. Mousseau, grand larceny, “ to be whipt, 39 lashes on the 
 naked back by the hands of the common hangman on the public market place of 
 this city ” ; J. Bouthillier, stealing £15, to be hanged, executed; Js. Collins, Js. 
 Leary, manslaughter, to be hanged, they plead the benefit of Clergy , which was 
 granted, and they were sent six months to jail. 
 
 September 18. — L. Mass£, robbery, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 October 9. — P. Duplessis, stealing a mare, to be hanged, pardoned by Gov. 
 Kempt. 
 
 1828 — JANUARY TERM. 
 
 January 10 — Anson Church, burglary, to be hanged, 1 year. 
 
 March 30 — Bisson, uttering counterfeit money, 1 year in gaol and pillory. 
 
 1829 — JANUARY TERM. 
 
 January 2 — Kimball, horse stealing, to be hanged, pardoned. 
 
 January 19 — Jane Couture murdering her 5 children, to be hanged, reprieved. 
 February 25 — B. Davis, uttering bad money, 3 months in gaol and pillory. 
 
 May 31 — A man, horse stealing, to be hanged, pardoned by Gov. Kempt. 
 
u 
 
 60 HISTORY OF MONTREAL.} 
 
 September 12--J. Godin, sheep stealing, to be hanged, pardoned by Gov. 
 Kempt ; P. Larivee, stealing a cow, to be hanged, imprisonment. 
 
 December 2 — F. Fowral, passing bad French crowns, to stand on the pillory. 
 December 9 — Two men, horse stealing, to be hanged, pardoned to one year in 
 
 gaol. 
 
 1830 — JULY TERM. 
 
 July 14 — Mary McNaughton, robbing, to be hanged, pardoned by the Governor 
 General ; Mary McManus, robbing, to be hanged, pardoned by the Governor General. 
 
 July 16 — M. Kelly, wilful murder, to be hanged, executed; Alex. Boyer, mur 
 der, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 October n — Thos. Gibson, stealing a heifer, to be hanged, pardoned. 
 
 November 14 — W. Hammond, stealing a heifer, to be hanged, pardoned. 
 November 21 — B. Sabourin, burglary, to be hanged, one year in gaol. 
 
 1831 APRIL TERM. 
 
 April 21 — Larochelle, robbery, to be hanged, pardoned to imprisonment. 
 September 1 — An. Labelle, burglary to be hanged, respited. 
 
 October 1 — Chas. Gauthier, robbery, to be hanged, “flogged.” 
 
 October 3 — A. Kellenstein, robbery, to be hanged, transported for life. 
 
 October 28 — J. B. Beauchamp, robbery, to be hanged, “ lashed.” 
 
 1832 — MARCH TERM. 
 
 March 1 — F. Laverdure and M. Fournier, robbery, to be hanged, respited. 
 December 25 — Chas. Gagnon, murder, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 1833 — APRIL TERM. 
 
 April 13 — Adolphus Dewey, murder of wife, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 July 20 — Geo. Burt, bad $10 bill, imprisonment and pillory. 
 
 December 14 — T. Lanauvite, burglary, to be hanged, discharged. 
 
 1834 — January term. 
 
 January 10 — E. Fermaine, burglary, to be hanged, pardoned with condition to 
 transport himself out of the Province. 
 
 July 12 — L. G. Larue, forgery, to be hanged, liberated. 
 
 1835 — march term. 
 
 March 3 — B. McLean, horse stealing, to be hanged, commuted. 
 
 1 836 — FEBRUARY TERM. 
 
 February 2 — N. Gauthier, horse stealing, to be hanged, 1 year in gaol. 
 
 March 11 — J. B. Moreau, horse stealing, to be hanged, imprisonment 1 year. 
 March 29 — T. Lanneville, burglary, to be hanged, executed. 
 
 March 30 — Picard, Audy and Tomaile, burglary, to be hanged, broke gaol and 
 escaped. Picard was recaptured and hanged. 
 
 r' 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 6l 
 
 August 13 L, Clouthier, larceny, to be hanged, transported. 
 
 August 28 G. Charet and J. Barnard, larceny, to be hanged. Charest broke 
 gaol and escaped, and Barnard transported for life. 
 
 September 15 J. Dalleur and J. Gordon, burglary, to be hanged, transported 
 for life. 
 
 September 23 W. S. Sloan, burglary, to be hanged, transported for seven 
 years . 
 
 October 2 — J. Smith, horse stealing, to be hanged, transported for seven years. 
 
 October 30 F . Laroque, fired a barn, to be hanged, transported for life. 
 
 November 21 — E. Rouleau, shop stealing, to be hanged, 9 months in gaol. 
 
 November 22 — H. Leclaire, stealing a cow, to be hanged, 9 months in gaol. 
 
 183 7 — MARCH TERM. 
 
 March 3— A. Thibault, horsestealing, to be hanged, transported for seven years. 
 
 July 8 I wo brothers Asselin and J. Giroux, larceny, to be hanged, pardoned 
 by Governor General. 
 
 July 19 — L. A. Cook, N. Laverdure, larceny, to be hanged, broke gaol and 
 escaped, the other was pardoned. 
 
 November 6 — C. Oulettte, larceny, to be hanged, broke gaol and escaped. 
 
 December 4 — Pat. Gorman, horse stealing, etc., to be hanged, broke gaol and 
 escaped ; J. B. Prevost, larceny, to be hanged, pardoned. 
 
 1838 MARCH TERM. 
 
 March 28 — M. Griffin, larceny, to be hanged, broke gaol and escaped ; Jos. 
 Taylor, horse stealing, to be hanged, broke gaol and escaped. 
 
 March 30 — V. Fortin, cow stealing, to be hanged, pardoned. 
 
 I will now give an example of the order which the military authorities issued for 
 the punishment of Desertion. 
 
 u Sentence awarded against private Christ. Smith, No. 948 of the 43rd Regt. 
 
 “To be transported as a Felon for the term of 14 years, and further to be 
 marked with the letter D in the manner prescribed in the Mutiny Act. 
 
 “ N. Booth, L. Col. 43rd Regt. 
 
 “Chambly, Lower Canada, 9 May, 1838.” 
 
 On the 1 6th May the following paper clearly shows that the soldiers of Her 
 Majesty then stationed in the Montreal district were continually on the part of some 
 of them trying to escape or desert, although more than one English Historian of the 
 present period states that not a single soldier deserted during the period of 1837-8-9. 
 
 “ Town Major’s office, Montreal, 15 May, 1838. 
 
 tf Mr. Wand, 
 
 a Will have the goodness to receive from the officer of the 34th Regt., 14 soldiers, 
 deserters under sentence of transportation, and I shall be at the gaol this evening, 
 and will inform Mr. Wand what is to be done with the prisoners. 
 
 “ Colin McDonald, Town Major.” 
 
62 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 On the nth July, three soldiers are sentenced thus: Thos. Stewart, 14 years 
 transportation; Henry Tindal, 21 years transportation ; John M. Miller, 21 years 
 transportation. 
 
 This is signed by G. A. Wetherall, Lieut. Col. commanding officer of the 2nd 
 Battalion “ The Royals 
 
 On the same day as the above, Henry Fisher, for desertion, was sentenced to 
 transportation “ for the period of his natural life.” He was of the 71st Regt. 
 
 Thos Sutherland, for desertion of the same corps, received the same sentence, 
 and George Connolly, also of the 71st Regt., for the same crime, “ Desertion ,” was 
 punished u as a felon (transported) for his natural life. 
 
 Again on the 3rd August, five soldiers of the 71st Regt., committed by Lieut. 
 Col. Grey, were all sentenced to transportation for 14 years, for “ Desertion. 
 
 On the 3rd September, 1838, J. Mathewson, for desertion and selling his kit ? 
 received “ transportation for 14 years and to be branded, and further to be marked 
 with the letter D.” Same day Peter Kelly, for same crime, received 7 years and the 
 mark D. Same day, Thos. Carty, Thos. Francis and Pat. M. Donnely, for same 
 crime, received each 14 years and all marked D. The last three belonged to the 15th 
 Regt., the other two to the 71st. 
 
 In May, 1839, no less than twenty-four soldiers were committed at one tune 
 for desertion by order of the Town Major ; five were discharged, the remainder were 
 transported. These men belonged to the 85th and 34th Regiments. 
 
 Again, on the 14th of the month, eight soldiers were committed of the same 
 Regiments, and all were transported for desertion. On the 30th May, two soldiers 
 of the 73rd Regiment were transported for desertion, and on the 4th July five more 
 were transported for the same crime, belonging to the 85th and 32nd Regiments. 
 Two men were committed by Lieutenant ^laclachan, R.A., for desertion, and trans- 
 ported on the 31st July. 
 
 These records are sufficient to show that many British soldiers deserted or tried 
 to desert during the Rebellion of 1837—38. 
 
 After the country had quieted down from the American War, and peace and pros- 
 perity once more reigned over Canada, in Montreal a movement was made towards 
 getting more light for the city. In 1811, the manner of lighting the city had been 
 suggested, but no definite conclusion had been arrived at up to the year 1815. The 
 following curious inducement for the successful carrying out of the street lighting at 
 the time was a that ladies might be induced to visit their friends much more fre- 
 quently.” 
 
 In November, 1815, entirely through the exertions of Mr. Samuel Dawson, part of 
 St. Paul street was lighted by twenty-two lamps, costing $7.00 each. They were distant 
 from each other fifty-four feet. This was the west end of St. Paul street, and by Christ- 
 mas, same year, the east end of St. Paul street was similarly lighted. Notre Dame street 
 followed, and thus began the lighting of Montreal— now in this year 1892 lighted by 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 6 3 
 
 Electricity. An Act passed in 1818 provided for the erection of street lamps and 
 night watches also, consisting of twenty-four in number — their duties being to trim 
 and attend to the lamps, and also act as police guardians of the city. 
 
 Let me record what the well-known writer, M. de Gaspe, says of travelling 
 between Montreal and Quebec at this period, 1818 : 
 
 “ This reminds me of a first voyage from Quebec to Montreal by steamer. It 
 was in October of 1818, at eleven o’clock in the evening, when the Caledonia, in 
 which I had taken passage, left the Queen’s wharf. Between seven and eight o’clock on 
 the following morning my companion, the late Robert Christie, opened the windows 
 of his stateroom and called out ‘ we are going famously.’ We were reallv progressing 
 well, for we were opposite Pointe-aux-Trembles ; aided by a strong wind we had made 
 seven leagues in nine hours. We arrived at the foot of the current below Montreal 
 on the third day, congratulating ourselves on the rapidity of steamer trips, nor did 
 we feel humiliated in the absence of favorable winds, which did not last more than 
 twenty-four hours, to have recourse to the united strength of forty-two oxen to assist 
 us in ascending the current. I acknowledge that the Caledonia deserved to be 
 ranked as a first-class steamer of that time, and it was with regret that we bade adieu 
 to it, after the pleasant time we had on board.” 
 
 On 17th July, 1827, the Lachine Canal was begun, the first sod being removed 
 by Hon. J. Richardson. This year what had hitherto been Citadel Hill and a powder 
 magazine was turned into a square, and as the Governor had donated it to the citizens, 
 it has received the name of Dalhousie Square ever since. A great fire occurred in 
 1825. But for the efforts of the men of the 70th Regiment the conflagration would 
 have been much greater. This year must be remarkable for the exertions the mer- 
 chants of Montreal made towards the navigation between Quebec and Montreal. 
 Very modest was the petition to Parliament, “ that steps should be taken to deepen 
 the channel of the river, particularly at Lake St. Peter, and thereby, render it navigable 
 throughout the season for vessels of two hundred and fifty tons fully laden.” What 
 a contrast to the magnificent vessels “ The Parisian ” or “ The Vancouver ” of the 
 present day, and all this has been accomplished within the past forty years ! 
 
 The year 1832 will ever be remembered for the first appearance of the Asiatic 
 Cholera, by which four thousand four hundred and twenty citizens were attacked, and 
 one thousand nine hundred and four died. The Bill incorporating Montreal took 
 effect in 1833, and Jacques Viger was appointed Mayor. He continued in office till 
 1840, when Peter McGill was elected till 1842 ; then Joseph Bourret, till 1844. James 
 Ferrier succeeded to 1846, and John E. Mills in 1847. ML Mills died in November 
 and was replaced by Mr. Bourret, who held the office till 1848, when E. R. Fabre 
 was elected to 1850. Charles Wilson was Mayor in 1851-52-53, and was succeeded 
 by Wolfred Nelson in 1854-55. Henry Starnes was next Mayor in 1856 and 1857, 
 and he was succeeded by C. S. Rodier, who had four terms of office, in 1858-59- 
 60-61. J. L. Beaudry succeeded, and was Mayor in 1862-63-64-65, when Henry 
 Starnes was again elected, but, being appointed to the Legislative Council, he resigned, 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 64 
 
 and Mr. Workman succeeded him. He was Mayor during 1866-67. Charles J. 
 Coursol succeeded him ; Francis Cassidy was elected in 1872, but dying in June of 
 that year he was succeeded by Aldis Bernard. Dr. Hingston was Mayor in 1875-6. 
 t l. Beaudry again in 1877-78-79-80-81-82. He was succeeded by Mayor 
 Rivard in 1883, and H. Beaugrand in 1885. Hon. J. J. C. Abbott was elected in 1887, 
 Jacques Grenier in 1889, and our present Mayor, Hon. James McShane, in 1891. 
 
 The administration of justice for the District of Montreal in the year 1831, just 
 before the beginning of the agitation, and for some years previous to 1837-38, was 
 in the hands of gentlemen of approved mental ability and of great legal lore. The 
 Chief Justice was the Hon. James Reid, whilst the Puisn<§ judges were the Hon. Geo. 
 Pyke, Hon. Norman Uniacke and the Hon. Jean Roch Rolland. The Sheriff was 
 the Hon. Louis Gugy ; the Deputy Sheriff, Francis Perry ; Coroner, Jean M. Mon- 
 delet, and Clerk of the Crown, John Delisle. 
 
 The Joint Prothonotary were Samuel W. Monk and Robert L. Monough. 
 
 In the year 1837 tlie Sheriff was Mr. De Saint-Ours, and Mr. A. M. Delisle was 
 Clerk of the Court. 
 
 In 1831 the following gentlemen were Advocates in Montreal, names, many of 
 whom have passed away, leaving no successor, whilst others were and have been 
 intimately connected with the advance of Lower Canada or the Province of Quebec, 
 and especially of the City of Montreal. 
 
 Amongst them are Stephen Sewell, K.C., David Ross, K.C., Joseph Bedard, 
 K.C., Hon. Denis B. Viger, Janvier D. Lacroix. B. Beaubien, F. H. Bender, Ant. L. 
 Levesque, Hon. P. D. Debartzch, Louis M. Viger, F. A. Quesnel, Samuel Gale, John 
 Boston, Hon. L. J. Papineau, M. O’Sullivan, Hugues Heney, Chas. R. Ogden, Sol.- 
 General, Alexis Bourrett, James U. Grant, D. B. Roliin, Samuel W. Monk, Alex. 
 McMillan, Toussaint Peltier, Geo. S. Henshaw, William Walker, Peter N. Rossiter, 
 Alex. Buchanan, C. C- S. DeBleury, D. Mondelet, Philippe Bruneau, Robt. Mor- 
 rough, Hyp. St. George Dupre, C. S. Cherrier, C. J. E. Mondelet, Hypolite Guy, 
 E. A. Clark, J. S. McCord, Henry Driscol, Pierre Bibaud, Wm. Badgley, Frederick 
 Griffin, Wm. Ryan, John Stanley, J. H. Johnson, Daniel Salmon, John Bleakley, 
 James G. Scott, Francis P. Terroux, Duncan Fisher, Campbell Sweeney, Edward 
 T. Jones, C. D. Day, E. E. Rodier, Arthur Ross, Levi Adams, Thomas Nye, Thomas 
 Barron, James Smith, Augustin N. Morin, P. B. T. de Montigny, N. C. Radiger, J. 
 M. H. Lennox, Leon Gosselin, Pierre Moreau, John Sexton, William K. McCord, 
 Louis Hyp. Lafontaine, John Usher, Hugh Taylor, Robert Armour, and John 
 Pickel. 
 
 When reading over the above list, how many of these names are to the inhab- 
 itants of present Montreal as “ Household Words.” We see the origin of the names 
 of many of our streets and blocks of buildings taken from them, but above all how 
 many bearing these names in after years sat on the Bench of Lower Canada, or 
 occupied most important situations, either in the administration of justice or in the 
 political arena of their country, or were connected with the troubles of 1837-38. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL, 
 
 65 
 
 I he notaries of 1831, residing in Montreal, were Joseph Papineau, Jean M 
 Mondelet, Thomas Barron, Louis Guy, Charles Provost, F. X. Dezery, Nicolas B. 
 Doucet, Louis H. Latour, Charles Huot, Henry Griffin, Thomas Bedouin, Andr6 
 Jobin, Charles Deseve, Peter Lukin, Pierre Ritchot, Genereux Peltier, P. E. Leclerc, 
 Joseph A. Labadie, William N. Crawford, Louis Marteau, George D. Arnoldi, Joseph 
 Guy, Etienne Guy, Chevalier de Lorimier, Z<§phirin J. Truteau*, Joseph Belle, James 
 Grant and Joseph D. Vallee. 
 
 Again in this list we see many who have left their names in streets, etc., in 
 Montreal, or who figured in the troubles of 1837-38, or on the checkered board of 
 Canadian History. 
 
 As the Militia played an important part in the troubles of 1837-38, let me 
 give a short sketch of those belonging to the Island of Montreal. It will be interest- 
 ing to our present Volunteers, and one can see how many French names are enrolled 
 as officers belonging to the different corps. 
 
 The Militia of the City and County of Montreal formed one corps, consisting of 
 eight battalions of Infantry, two Troops of Volunteer Cavalry, two companies of 
 Artillery and two companies of Rifles. The first Battalion of Infantry was composed 
 of those residing within the Faubourg Ste. Marie, the division of Ste. Marie and St. 
 Martin and the division of La Visitation, county district, and was commanded by 
 Lieut. -Col. the Hon. Charles Grant, the Majors being Benjamin Beaubien and 
 Michael O’Sullivan. The Col. Commandant of all was Louis Guy. 
 
 The 2nd Battalion consisted of all those included in the centre of St. Joseph 
 street, Dalhousie square, the River and Commissioners street, Craig to Sanguinet 
 street, then to St. Louis street, also the Faubourg St. Louis and St. Michel in the 
 county. Lieut.-Col. the Hon. Louis Gugy, Majors Samuel Gerrard and Janvier D. 
 Lacroix. 
 
 The 3rd Battalion consisted of all between St. Joseph to McGill streets, Craig 
 street, the River, les Soeurs Grises, la Pointe a Callieres and the division of the 
 Tanneries, county district. Lieut.-Col. J. Bouthillier, Majors Pierre De Rocheblave 
 and L. J. Papineau. 
 
 The 4th Battalion consisted of all the St. Lawrence suburb, generally called 
 “ Grande Rue of the suburb of St. Laurent,” as far as Sanguinet street, and the 
 division of Ste. Catherine and that of Cote Notre-Dame des Neiges, of the county 
 district. Lieut.-Col. the Hon. Toussaint Pothier, Majors Fred. Aug. Quesnel and 
 Jos. Shuter. 
 
 The 5th Battalion consisted of all within the west part of St. Lawrence suburb 9 
 the suburb of St. Antoine, and the divisions of St. Antoine and St. Luc in the county 
 district. Lieut.-Col. R. Hervieux, Majors F. A. Larocque and Austin Cuvillier. 
 
 The 6th Battalion consisted of all residing in the suburbs of St. Joseph and St. 
 Ann, the division St. Pierre, St. Paul and Island St. Paul, of the county district. 
 Lieut.-Col. John Jones, Majors John Molson and L. M. Viger. 
 
 The 7th Battalion consisted of alljresiding within the parishes of Lachine, Pointe- 
 
 5 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 66 
 
 Claire, Ste. Anne and Ste. Genevieve. Lieut.-Col. J. M. Mondelet, Majors Dominique 
 Mondelet and Alexis Berthelot. 
 
 The 8lh Battalion consisted of all residing in the parishes of Longue-Pointe, 
 Pointe aux Trembles, la Riviere des Prairies, Sault au Recollet and St. Laurent. 
 Lieut.-Col. Jacques Viger, Majors John Delisle and Hypolite St. George Dupre. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Hon. John Forsyth commanded the volunteer militia, the Majors 
 being George Gregory (Cavalry), John S. McCord (Rifles), and Peter McGill 
 (Artillery). 
 
 In the summer of 1837, public meetings were held in almost every county in 
 the Province, especially in the District of Montreal. At these meetings the people 
 were harangued, by the leading members of the Assembly, in the most inflammatory 
 language, and resolutions were passed repudiating the authority of Parliament, deny- 
 ing the obligations of the laws, and enforcing a scheme of general organization. 
 About this time the tri-colored flag was displayed for several days at St. Hyacinthe, 
 and in the neighborhood of St. Charles and St. Denis. Associations ivere formed, 
 with a design of overthrowing the Government; and the “Central Committee of 
 Montreal ” were active in forwarding it. “The Sons of Liberty’ published in Oc- 
 tober an “ Address to the Young Men of the North American Colonies, avowing 
 sentiments of the most dangerous tendency. Every method was employed to circu- 
 late these sentiments, drilling took place on Sundays and other holidays ; armed 
 bands paraded the streets of the city in the night time, the tri-colored flag was 
 hoisted, and the peaceable inhabitants felt themselves insecure if they ventured out 
 unarmed after the day had closed. 
 
 A grand meeting of the “ Confederation of the Six Counties ” took place at St. 
 Charles, on the 23rd of October, when a fuller and unreserved avowal of treasonable 
 designs was made. The Cap of Liberty was raised, and a solemn oath taken under 
 it to be faithful to the revolutionary principles of which it was emblematical. All 
 allegiance, and every pretence to it, were at once discarded, and a determination 
 evinced to take the management of affairs into their own hands. This meeting was 
 attended by the Speaker (L. J. Papineau) and twelve Members of the House of 
 Assembly, and no time was lost in carrying the treasonable part of the resolution 
 into effect. Justices of the Peace and Officers of Militia were compelled to resign 
 their commissions, and many took refuge in Montreal. 
 
 On the same day a meeting of the loyal and constitutional inhabitants of Mon- 
 treal took place in the City, for the “ maintenance of good order, the protection of 
 life and property, and the connection now happily existing between this Colony and 
 the United Kingdom, at present put in jeopardy by the machinations of a disorganiz- 
 ing and revolutionary faction within this Province.” Troops were sent for from 
 Nova Scotia and from Upper Canada. The Attorney General arrived from Quebec 
 for the purpose of directing measures. 
 
 The Magistrates of Montreal having received information, on the 5th of Novem- 
 ber, that numerous bodies of men, of different parties, intended on the following day 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 67 
 
 to paiade the streets of the city, immediately issued a proclamation to prohibit such 
 a measure. On Monday, the 6th, persons were anxiously inquiring as to the motions 
 and intentions of the two parties ; and about two o’clock it was known that a con- 
 siderable number of the “ Sons of Liberty ” had assembled in an enclosed yard near 
 St. James street, although some of their leaders had pledged themseives to the 
 Magistrates that no procession should take place. About three hundred of them sallied 
 forth, armed with bludgeons, pistols, and other weapons, and made a furious and 
 indiscriminate attack on all that fell in their way. For a time they had full posses- 
 sion of the street, breaking windows, and threatening other mischief. But the Con- 
 stitutionalists were soon aroused and dispersed the riotous assemblage, but were far 
 from satisfied with this success. About six o’clock the Riot Act was read, and the 
 military were called out. A party of the Constitutionalists were encountered by the 
 Royal Regiment in front of Papineau’s house ; but instead of offering any resistance 
 they heartily cheered the gallant regiment, and accompanied it to the Champ de 
 Afars, where it was ordered to take post. A company of the Royals was posted 
 near the Bishop s Church, St. Denis street. After this all became quiet, and the 
 Magistrates ordered the troops to their barracks. In proceeding thither, the Royals 
 found a party attempting some injury to Papineau’s house, but they desisted the 
 moment the troops came upon them. In the course of the evening the office of the 
 Vindicator was desjroyed. The military patrolled the streets till daylight. • 
 
 On the 1 6th of November, warrants were issued, and rewards offered, for the appre- 
 hension of twenty-six individuals charged with high treason, of whom all were of French 
 origin, except one ; eight were Members of the Provincial Parliament, and the greater 
 part of the whole number were in the higher classes of society. Eight of them were 
 committed to prison at the time ; but all the others who resided in town made their 
 escape. Two of them resided at St. Johns, and one at St. Athanase, and the war- 
 rants for their apprehension were entrusted to a peace officer, who, accompanied by 
 a body of the Montreal Royal Cavalry, proceeded to execute them, by way of Lon- 
 gueuil and Chambly. Demaray and Davignon were arrested at St. Johns, and the 
 party were returning to Montreal with them by the same route. When within about 
 two miles of Longueuil, the Cavalry and peace officer in the charge of the prisoners 
 were intercepted by a large body of armed peasantry, who fired upon them from 
 their houses, from behind fences, and from a barn which bordered the road, 
 and compelled them to abandon their prisoners. Several of the Cavalry were 
 wounded, and their horses injured, by the fire of the insurgents. 
 
 On the 20th of November, intelligence was received that T. S. Brown had col- 
 lected a large force at the village of St. Charles on the River Richelieu, which he 
 was proceeding to fortify, and that Papineau, O’Callaghan, and Wolfred Nelson were 
 concerned in these measures. Warrants had been issued for their apprehension; 
 and the civil authorities applied to the Commander of the Forces for aid in securing 
 them. On the 23rd a body of troops under Col. Gore embarked on board the 
 steamer St. George for Sorel, where they landed in the evening. At ten o’clock they 
 
68 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 marched towards St. Denis, intending to attack the force at that place, and then 
 move on rapidly to assist Colonel Wetherall of the Royal Regiment in his attack 
 upon St. Charles. The march was a terrible one, in consequence of a heavy rain, 
 and the muddiness of the roads. They did not reach St. Denis till after daylight. 
 An attack was commenced ; several were killed, but finding it impossible to dislodge 
 some of the rebels from a large stone house from which they were firing, and his men 
 being exhausted by the fatigues of the preceding night and day, the Colonel retreated 
 upon Sorel, where, after much suffering, the party arrived on the morning of the 24th. 
 
 Colonel Wetherall had received orders to attack St. Charles at the same time 
 the other forces were to be engaged at St. Denis. For this purpose he left Cham- 
 bly on the 22nd, but the roads were so bad that his troops were not able to reach the 
 place till noon of the 25th. The houses along the route were deserted, the bridges 
 broken down, barricades erected, and every precaution taken against an attack. 
 Halting to reconnoitre, Colonel Wetherall observed that two guns commanded the 
 road, and he therefore resolved to attack by deploying to the right. The troops 
 were saluted with a loud cheer from the stockade, and a constant fire was kept up 
 by the rebels from the opposite bank of the river. When he had approached within 
 two hundred and fifty yards from the works, he took up a position with the hope 
 that a display of his force would induce some change among the infatuated people. 
 They, however, opened a heavy fire, which was returned. He then advanced nearer 
 to the works, but, finding the defenders obstinate, he stormed and carried them, 
 burning every building within the stockade except Mr. Debartzch’s house, which was 
 extinguished, and occupied by the troops. Ihe affair occupied about an hour. Ihe 
 slaughter was great on the side of the rebels, but slight on that of the troops. Sev- 
 eral prisoners were taken. Brown, Papineau, Drolet, and others crossed the river to 
 St. Mark, on the arrival of the troops before St. Charles. On the whole, the means 
 and preparations of the rebels were more formidable than many persons had 
 supposed. Having thus captured St. Charles and dispersed the insurgents, who 
 are said to have amounted at this place to fifteen hundred fighting men, the 
 Colonel determined to attack a considerable body of the rebels collected for the 
 purpose of cutting off his retreat to Chambly ; and on the morning of the 23rd, 
 he discovered them in a well-chosen position, and under the protection of an 
 abattis. They fled, however, as soon as he had formed to attack, leaving their 
 two guns behind them. 
 
 On the 29th of November, the Governor-in-Chief issued a monitory proclama- 
 tion to the insurgents, inviting them to return to their allegiance, and promising them 
 forgetfulness and immunity for the past, and a continuance of paternal protection 
 and favor ; at the same time offering rewards for the apprehension of the leaders. 
 Martial law was proclaimed in the district of Montreal on the 5th of December, and 
 Sir John Colborne invested with authority to execute it. 
 
 In the course of the summer and autumn of 1838, rumors were circulated and 
 surmises formed, that another rising of the disaffected was in progress, or at least in 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 69 
 
 agitation. An unusual run upon the banks, in the demand for cash on the part of 
 the habitants, who had notes in their possession, with various murmurings and other 
 symptoms, gave sign that all was not at rest. The “ sympathy,” as it was termed, 
 shewn to the insurgents by many of the inhabitants of the border States kept alive 
 the expectation. Early in October, if not before, many facts were in the knowledge 
 of the Governor-in-Chief and the Commander of the Forces which called for in- 
 creasing vigilance, and justified active preparation. The lenient measures which 
 had been adopted with regard to several of those who had been apprehended for 
 their share in the first rebellion, instead of being followed by a grateful return of alle- 
 giance, were, in many instances, construed into fear, and abused to the purposes of 
 renewed aggression and tumult. These seditious movements were, for the most 
 part, confined to the south side of the St. Lawrence ; the country above St. Eustache 
 and its neighborhood remaining perfectly quiet, whatever might have been the hints 
 or threats of individuals. 
 
 On the 29th and 30th of November nearly a hundred rebels from Napierville 
 and Beauharnois were brought in as prisoners. 
 
 The Hon. D. Mondelet and Charles D. Day, Esq., having been appointed 
 Judge Advocates in conjunction with Captain Muller, the Court-Martial commenced 
 the trial of the twelve following prisoners on Wednesday, the 28th of November : — 
 Joseph Narcisse Cardinal, Joseph Duquette, Joseph L’Ecuyer, Jean Louis Thibert, 
 Jean Marie Thibert, Leandre Ducharme, Joseph Guimond, Louis Guerin, Edouard 
 Therien, Antoine Cote, Maurice Lepailleur, Louis Lesi£ge. After a patient and 
 impartial investigation, in which the prisoners had the benefit of able advocates, 
 two of them, Edouard Therien and Louis Lesiege, were acquitted, the other ten 
 were found guilty, and condemned to death, and two of them, J. N. Cardinal and J. 
 Duquette, were executed on Friday, the 21st of December. 
 
 On the 18th of January, 1839, ^ ve were executed over the front gateway of the 
 Gaol : P. K. Decoigne, engaged at Napierville, and Jacques Robert, two brothers of 
 the name of Sanguinet, and P. Hamelin. The gallows had been removed to a more 
 public situation to convince the habitants of the reality of the executions, for on that 
 point they appear to have been incredulous. 
 
 On the 15th February, 1839, the ^ ast h ve Patriots were hanged. Perhaps the 
 most interesting fact at the death of De Lorimier was the act of our late citizen, 
 William Workman, who, the day before the execution, went to Sir John Colborne 
 and showed him that those executions were illegal, — that the military can never ride 
 over the civil law except in revolutions when no civil courts are in existence, — but all 
 in vain. Mr. Workman, who was then a Captain of Militia, took off his sword and 
 presenting it to the Commander, said that henceforth he would never serve the Queen 
 as an officer, and for the whole course of his life he never after had anything to do 
 with the Militia or Volunteers, as he considered those deaths “ ?nilitary murders .” 
 
 On the 6th of May, 1839, Benjamin Mott, of Alburgh, Vermont, was found 
 guilty of treason at Lacolle by the Court Martial, and sentenced to death, but was 
 
7 ° 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 reprieved. With this trial the Court finished its labors, after a session of five months 
 and a half, during which one hundred and ten prisoners had been tried, twelve exe- 
 cuted, nine acquitted, and the remainder placed under sentence of death. 
 
 MONTREAL, DECEMBER, 1837. 
 
 The following fine word-paintings are from the facile pen of John Fraser, who 
 was one of the most active members of the Loyalists of that day. It includes a 
 picture of 1837 and one of 1838. They are taken from a most interesting volume 
 published last year by him and entitled, “ Pen and Ink Sketches of Montreal.’’ Those 
 who have not the book itself will read these pages of his with great satisfaction. 
 
 “ There was a sound through the dark and narrow streets of old Montreal on 
 
 the night of the 13th of December, 1837. 
 
 It was the sound of armed men mustering and hurrying in wild confusion and 
 under fearful excitement, all concentrating to a rallying point the old Champ de 
 Mars. 
 
 In the early morning of that eventful day Sir John Colborne, the Commander- 
 in-Chief, started from Montreal on his march, with about 2,000 men, to disperse the 
 rebel force encamped at the village of St. Eustache, some twenty miles to the north. 
 The whole northern district was then in open rebellion. The city had been left 
 almost entirely under the protection of the volunteer force. 
 
 Such of the citizens as were on the street about eight o’clock that night would 
 have seen a horseman, one of the Lachine Troop of Cavalry, so well known by their 
 fierce-looking bear-skin helmets, dashing along our streets at a mad gallop. The 
 guard at the city gate at Dow’s brewery was no hindrance to his wild speed, the 
 crossed bayonets of the four sentries posted there being cleared at a bound : his 
 uniform being known to the sentries saved him from a passing shot. I hen along 
 old St. Joseph and Notre Dame streets, at the same wild pace, to the Main Guard, 
 which stood nearly in front of the present Court House, and there delivered his 
 verbal despatch from Major Penner, commanding officer at Lachine, to the officer of 
 the day in command at Montreal, nearly as follows : — ‘ The rebels have escaped 
 from St. Eustache, and are reported advancing in force on Lachine to capture the 
 arms stored there for the frontier volunteers.’ This despatch was delivered at the 
 Main Guard within thirty minutes after the trooper had mounted his horse at Lachine ; 
 the distance being over eight miles. 
 
 Then there was wild hurrying on the streets of Montreal. 4 To arms ! ’ was the 
 cry ; 1 the rebels are at hand ! ’ The alarm bells rang — the news flew like lightning, 
 reaching every nook and corner of the city in a few minutes ; the city was confined 
 within small limits at that time. Few of the young volunteers of that day are now 
 living, but the wild excitement of that night can never be forgotten by the living ones. 
 All was uproar and disorder, but amid this disorder and uproar there was method, 
 pre-arranged, to meet any such emergency. 
 
 The rallying words were : ‘ Every man to his post ! ’ — the headquarters of his 
 

 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL 
 
 company or regiment, — and, within the space of two hours, nearly 4,000 armed men — 
 volunteers, old and young ; professional men, clerks, mechanics and laborers — stood 
 side by side in their ranks, shoulder to shoulder, a solid mass of living valor ready 
 to do their duty. 
 
 It was a grand sight to see the mustering squads falling in and taking up their 
 double-quick march to the rallying point, with bugles blowing and drums beating 
 announcing their approach, but it is regretable, now, to think that so dire a neces- 
 sity ever existed in our country. The different regiments took up their line of march 
 to the outskirts of the city, and proceeded as far as the top of the Tanneries Hill, 
 the high road to Lachine, waiting orders from the front to direct their onward course. 
 
 The alarm had reached Lachine about seven o’clock. A French-Canadian 
 loyalist, Paul Lebert, living near St. Genevieve, brought the report of the supposed 
 rebel advance on Lachine. Major Penner immediately sent orders to the captains 
 of the four Foot companies of the Lachine Brigade to muster their men ; some of 
 them had five miles to march in. By ten o’clock every man was in front of Laflamme’s 
 hotel, the headquarters of the brigade, presenting a front of two hundred and forty 
 • bayonets and nearly sixty swordsmen — as fine a body of men as could be found in 
 the Province. Word having been sent over to Caughnawaga, about two hundred 
 Indian warriors crossed the river and joined the Brigade. 
 
 By the advice of old Colonel Wilgress, a Peninsular veteran, then living at 
 Lachine, who undertook or assumed the direction of affairs, the Lachine Troop and 
 the Village Company of Foot (Captain Leponsee’s) were sent to the front or advance, 
 half-a-mile above the village, to watch and to report the rebel advance. The three 
 other companies of Foot arrived shortly afterwards. 
 
 The first to arrive was Captain Begley’s company from Lower Lachine. The 
 writer was with this company. They came in at double-quick, nearly a run, and 
 drew up opposite Laflamme’s. Such a cheer as greeted their arrival; it rent the very 
 air. Then Captain Carmichael, with his company from Cote St. Paul, reached the 
 village by way of the banks of the Lachine canal, and lastly, Captain Charles’ com- 
 pany, from Cote St Pierre and the Tanneries, arrived and formed, amid a deafening 
 cheer. But let us turn our eyes to the St. Lawrence. What a cheering sight was to 
 be there seen ! The river was literally covered with canoes. Every warrior in Caugh- 
 nawaga was on the river crossing to join the Lachine Brigade. 
 
 The cheer of welcome from that little band of volunteers which greeted the 
 arrival of the Indian warriors, and their wild warwhoop in response, was a sound, a 
 sight and a scene ; the like of it may never again be heard or seen in this province ! 
 By ten o’clock fully 500 armed men of all classes stood in the old village of Lachine. 
 The night passed over without any enemy putting in an appearance. There were no 
 telegraphs in those days. All communication was made and kept up by the Cavalry. 
 The Lachine Troop was then overworked, carrying despatches and keeping up the 
 lines of communication between the outposts.” 
 
72 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ( Written on the Jubilee of the Day . ) 
 
 SUNDAY THE 4TH OF NOVEMBER, 1838. 
 
 “The present generation will appreciate a pen and ink sketch of the opening 
 day of the second rebellion of Lower Canada by one who was an eye-witness and 
 shouldered his musket at that time. The rebellion of 1837 had closed and the winter 
 of 1838 passed over quietly so far as Lower Canada was concerned, and the volun- 
 teers were called upon to pile their arms and to lay aside their warlike apparel. It 
 was, literally speaking, 4 turning their swords into ploughshares and their spears 
 into pruning hooks and to study war no more.’ The boys did not altogethei lelish 
 this, for, it must be admitted, they were spoiling for a fight. 
 
 Springtime came, summer passed, a bountiful harvest crowned the year, and the 
 blasts of November have again made fields and forests bare. Low, murmuring 
 sounds of discontent were then heard, here, there and everywhere over the whole 
 length and breadth of the land, something like a smouldering volcano, ready to burst 
 forth at any moment ; and instead of the usual autumn thanksgivings of a grateful 
 people for a bountiful harvest, the standard of rebellion was again raised in Novem- 
 ber, 1838. Roofless walls and ruined homes marked its desolating tracks, leaving a 
 dark blot on the pages of our country’s history. 
 
 On Sunday morning, the 4th of November, 1838, the standard of rebellion was 
 again raised in Lower Canada. The whole south side of the St. Lawrence was once 
 more in open rebellion. The principal camps were at Beauharnois and Chateauguay. 
 
 The first actual outbreak of this second rebellion occurred at Beauharnois on 
 Saturday afternoon, the 3rd. The patriots, as they styled themselves, seized the mail 
 steamer 4 Henry Brougham,’ while on her way down from the Cascades to Lachine. 
 The passengers were detained as prisoners, among whom were Sheriff McIntyre, of 
 Cornwall, and Duncan McDonald, now of Montreal. 
 
 In the early morning of Sunday, the 4th, the patriots of Chateauguay marched 
 in force on Caughnawaga to disarm the Indians. The Indians were then attending 
 early mass in a small Chapel half a mile behind their village. The Chapel was sur- 
 rounded by the patriots. They said they came as friends to have a parley. The Indians 
 expressed surprise that friends should come armed, and asked them to pile their 
 arms preparatory to a friendly talk. The innocent patriots piled their arms — they 
 were immediately taken possession of by the Indians. Sixty-four of the patriots were 
 made prisoners ; eleven more were secured during the day ; making in all seventy- 
 five prisoners. The rest of them escaped through the woods to their camp at Cha- 
 teauguay. 
 
 The arrival of the prisoners at Lachine was the first intimation there of the 
 outbreak of the second rebellion. The Indians of Caughnawaga crossed the river 
 with the first lot of sixty-four prisoners and landed them near the Windmill, close by 
 the old Parish French Church, just at the foot of the cross road leading through 
 Cote St. Paul. This was about ten o’clock. The people of Lower Lachine were 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 73 
 
 then on their way to attend morning service at their different churches. Fancy their 
 surprise ! Heie was new work for them. It did not take long to muster Captain 
 Pegley s Company of Foot and twenty of the Cavalry, who took the prisoners in 
 charge. 
 
 The line of march was soon formed. Instead of taking the high road to Mon- 
 treal by the way of Cote St. Pierre — the Upper Lachine road — the march was taken 
 by the cross road through Cote St. Paul. It was a hard tramp of three hours; it had 
 been raining most of the previous week ; the mud was ankle deep. The men would 
 not hear of any conveyances being provided ; the prisoners must walk it — they said ; 
 the men also walked. Ihe march of this escort and their prisoners through Cote. 
 St. Paul and the Tanneries caused great excitement. 
 
 By the time it reached the Tanneries fully one hundred stragglers had joined, 
 but not exactly comprehending what it really was, as perfect silence was maintained 
 in the ranks. 
 
 News of the incoming prisoners, with their escort, had early reached town. 
 Their numbers were swelled by hundreds of stragglers on their onward course. 
 There were no telegraphs in those early days to transmit the news, and the report had 
 reached Montreal that the Lachine Brigade was marching in, in full force, having the 
 whole rebel camp of Chateauguay as prisoners ; such was the actual report that 
 reached the city that Sunday morning, the 4th November, 1838. 
 
 The reader of this day may picture to himself the excitement, hurry and bustle 
 on the streets of old Montreal caused by this report. 
 
 Far out in the outskirts of the city, towards the Tanneries, the escort was met 
 by thousands of the citizens. The sight that met their astonished gaze was strange 
 and new to them. Heie was a large body of men advancing, having been largely 
 supplemented by stragglers. Ten of the Lachine Troop rode in front and ten in the 
 rear, and on both sides were thirty men of the Lower Lachine Company of Foot, 
 having the sixty-four prisoners in the centre. The stragglers who had joined were 
 totally ignorant of the whole affair, except the fact of seeing the prisoners and their 
 escort. The writer was one of the escort. There have been, time and again, many 
 programmed processions in our streets, but never before nor since that day has so 
 remarkable a procession passed along the streets of old Montreal. In front and in 
 rear, as steady as regulars, rode the young boys of the Lachine Troop with their bear- 
 skin helmets and drawn swords, and the Foot Company on both sides with fixed 
 bayonets, guarding and protecting the prisoners from the surrounding excited and 
 enraged citizens. They moved along steadily and in perfect silence. 
 
 Come, young Canadian reader, and take your stand with us on the front steps 
 of the old French Cathedral ; let us suppose the time to be about three o’clock in 
 the afternoon of Sunday, the 4th of November, 1838; and, in retrospect, let us 
 cast our eyes up Notre Dame street; an immense crowd, reaching back to McGill 
 street, having no flags waving nor drums beating to announce their appproach, is 
 slowly, solemnly advancing in funeral-like procession ! What is it, and who are 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 74 
 
 they? It is the escort from Lachine with their sixty-four prisoners wending their 
 way down to the then ‘ new gaol,* with thousands of the citizens lining the streets 
 
 and following in the rear. , „ 
 
 It was a sad day and truly ‘ a funeral-like procession for the poor prisoners, 
 
 all young men, in the prime of life and manhood. They had marched out from their 
 camp at Chateauguay in the early dawn of the Sunday morning, in high hopes and 
 full of life and vigor. They were now in the afternoon on their way to be enclosed 
 within prison walls ! The writer remembers well the imploring and anxious looks of 
 those poor young boys ; and although fifty years have passed away he can hardly 
 now restrain the ‘ welling tears ’ as that picture rises vividly before him. A few of 
 them were afterwards liberated ; others of them suffered the extreme penalty of the law 
 for the crime of high treason ! 
 
 It were well if we could draw a dark veil over those dark days and darker scenes 
 
 and blot them out of memory. We cannot. 
 
 On our arrival at the new gaol, and during our short stay there, cabs and 
 caleches were arriving filled with prisoners to be locked up, having some notable 
 characters among them. The sun had gone down, and that never-to-be-forgotten 
 Sunday night closed in darkness over the unlighled streets of old Montreal. The 
 Lachine escort, after handing over their prisoners to the gaol guard, reformed for their 
 rendezvous at Grant’s Hotel, on St. Henry street, the Montreal headquarters of the 
 Lachine Brigade, to partake of refreshments preparatory to their return march home. 
 
 The escort, after leaving the gaol, had over ten miles to reach home ; rain 
 was then pouring down in torrents. 
 
 That return march is as fresh in the memory of the writer as if it were yesterday. 
 
 The tramp up old St. Mary and Notre Dame streets was a tiresome one of two 
 miles over muddy roads to Grant’s Hotel. Ihe streets were ciowded with armed 
 men ; all was excitement. Guards and pickets were being posted at every exposed 
 part of the city, and cannon placed at every avenue or road leading into the country 
 and facing the river. 
 
 After leaving Grant’s Hotel, our return march was up old St. Maurice street ; 
 we had in charge a large quantity of ammunition and other supplies which we found 
 waiting us at Grant’s to be conveyed to Lachine. The city gate at Dow’s brewery 
 closed behind us with a death-like sound, allowing us to grope our way as best we 
 could through the thick darkness ahead. 
 
 There were no macadamized roads in those early days ; it was mud underfoot 
 — mud to the right — mud to the left of us, mud everywhere, and thick darkness all 
 around ! Worse still, a concealed enemy might be met with at any moment. 
 
 At nearly every mile a cavalryman dashed past, hailing us, with despatches to 
 or from Montreal ; it was an exciting march. Tired, wet and hungry, the escort 
 reached its headquarters, Laflamme’s Hotel, Lachine, by io o’clock that night. 
 
 The writer is one of the very few now living of the three hundred of the Lachine 
 Brigade who did duty at Lachine during the week ending the eleventh of November, 
 1838. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL, 
 
 75 
 
 The Brigade and the Caughnawaga Indians marched on Chateauguay on 
 Saturday night, the ioth. A small portion of the Brigade, the writer among them, 
 was at the burning of Beauharnois on Sunday morning, the nth of November, 1838. 
 
 Fifty years have passed away, and from the seed sown broadcast over the land 
 during that rebellion, there arose high and above the ruins of the patriots' visionary 
 republic, the grand structure or foundation of Canada’s present responsible govern- 
 ment, entombing or casting to the winds all family compacts or other obstructions, 
 and securing to Canadians their rights as free-born British subjects ; and, in truth, 
 it must be said, that Canadian liberty had not its birthright under the sunshine or 
 the smile of heaven, but was nursed and cradled amid the rage and the strife of 
 fratricidal foes. 
 
 The time will come when the memories of Canada's rebel dead of 1837 and 1838 
 will be revered and held sacred in every British colony, distant or near, as the 
 fathers of colonial responsible government, under which every British colony is 
 now governed. 
 
 And on the pages of Canadian History — yet to be written — the rebel dead of 
 Canada of 1837 and 1838 will be classed in comparison and held up side by side 
 with the great Barons of England who, on Runnymede, demanded and obtained 
 from King John the great charter of English liberty.” 
 
 Let me now give this generation a few of the commitments, etc., of this interest- 
 ing period. 
 
 The first on the list is that of the late Sheriff Leblanc, and the document thus 
 reads : 
 
 “ District of Montreal. 
 
 [Seal.] 
 
 TURTON PENN, Esq., One of the Justices of Our Lord the King assigned 
 to keep the peace within said District. 
 
 To the keeper of the Common Gaol of the said District, 
 
 Greeting : 
 
 Whereas, Charles A. Leblanc, of Montreal, gentleman, stands charged with crime of 
 High Treason. 
 
 These are therefore to authorize and command you to receive into your custody the 
 said Charles A. Leblanc and him safely keep for examination. 
 
 Given under my hand and seal, at Montreal, this 16th day of November, in the 
 1st year of Her Majesty’s reign. 
 
 Turton Penn, J.P.” 
 
 On the 17th, the next day, were committed Jean Francois Bosse Lionais, and on 
 the 1 8th, Louis Michel Viger, an advocate and afterwards a well-known politician, 
 who had been admitted to practice A.D. 1807. 
 
 / 
 
u 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL- 
 
 On the 21st, Michel Vincent, who was of the Parish of Longueuil, was committed 
 by P. E. Leclere, J.P. 
 
 On the 26th, Narcisse Lamothe, of the Parish of Laprairie, was committed by the 
 warrant of B. Hart, Esq., J.P. 
 
 These seem to be all who were arrested and committed during the month of 
 November, 1837. The vei 7 ^ rst name which begins December, and who was then 
 arrested, was Come Seraphin Cherrier, a name which has been one of the longest in 
 remembrance in Montreal. The bearer of it was one of the most prominent members 
 of the Montreal Bar since 1831, and died not long ago full of years and honors. Be- 
 sides being Q.C. at the time of his death, he had been decorated by His Holiness 
 The Pope, and his children may rest assured that all he did in 1837 was done from a 
 full conviction that he considered it (as it was afterwards) for the present as well as 
 the future good of his native land. 
 
 On the same day another prominent individual was arrested and committed to 
 gaol, Toussaint Peltier, also an advocate, who had been admitted to the Bar in 1816. 
 Mr. Cherrier had been admitted in 1822. 
 
 On the 3rd December, George Dillon was committed for high treason, and on the 
 4th, Andre Giguere and Toussaint Merville. 
 
 The next commitment is dated 9th December, 1837, anc * is that of Louis Boindon. 
 His offence is thus stated : That being of the Parish of St. C£saire, in the County of 
 St. Hyacinthe : “ D’avoir conseilte et engage le peuple dans la Paroisse St. Cesaire 
 contre les droits de notre Souveraine, la Reine Victoria, suivant deposition annexee.” 
 
 The deposition is in English and sworn to by one Thomas Wood, who thus 
 declares: “I, Thomas Wood, of Granby, being in St. Cesaire on Monday, the 27th 
 November, 1837, (swear) that a person known by me as son-in-law of M. Papineau, 
 L. Boindon, did endeavor to excite the people there to actual rebellion, and did 
 endeavor to raise a force to rescue some provisions which had been stopped in Her 
 Majesty’s name for the insurgents, and did call upon and threaten the miscalled 
 Patriots who were inclined to be loyal to take arms against Her Majesty’s liege sub- 
 jects, and was in communication with the rebels at Point Olivier.” 
 
 Daniel Forbes alias McNaughton, hailing from St. Eustache, is arrested the 
 same day as the last two on a writ signed by B. Hart, J.P. He was arrested in 
 Montreal, having come from St. Eustache “ as a spie.” 
 
 The 1 2th December, 1837, is the commitment by P. E. Leclere of Francois Jal- 
 bert, offence, murder, and in the body of the commitment it thus reads : “ Whereas, 
 P. Jalbert, of the Parish of St. Denis, in the District of Montreal, yeoman, stands 
 charged on oath with having on the 27th day of the month of November last, at the 
 Parish of St. Denis aforesaid, feloniously and wilfully and of his malice aforethought 
 killed and murdered one George Weir.” 
 
 On the same day were committed Robert S. M. Bouchette, Henri A. Gauvin, 
 Timothy Kinebert, Rodolphe Desrivi£res, Simeon Marchesseault, Jean Bte. Lan- 
 guedoc, Francois Leford, Alexandre Pinsonnault, Ambroise Hebert, Denis Duchaine, 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 77 
 
 Jean P. Boucher Belleville, Louis Tremblay, Toussaint Dufresne, Alexis Richard, 
 Pierre Languedoc, Toussaint H. Goddin and Dr. Wolfred Nelson. 
 
 The commitment of Dr. Wolfred Nelson thus reads : “ Whereas, Wolfred Nelson, 
 of the Parish of St. Denis, Esq., stands charged, on oath, with the crime of high 
 treason, committed in the said District of Montreal, these are to authorize and com- 
 mand you to receive into your custody the said Wolfred Nelson. P. E. Leclere, 
 J.P.” He signed all the above warrants. 
 
 Here is the order regarding the writing of letters by prisoners, especially when 
 Henry A. Gauvin is mentioned in the above list. It thus reads : 
 
 “ Prisoners to be allowed to write to their friends on any matters excepting 
 politics, on the past or passing events, their letters to be sent in to the Attorney 
 General at any time before one o’clock at the room in the Gaol where the examina- 
 tions are now going forward. They may intimate to their friends that their answers 
 must be sent through the same officer, and no other. This indulgence is not to ex- 
 tend to the prisoner H. A. Gauvin, and it will be withdrawn if abused by any other 
 person.” 
 
 On the 15th were committed for high treason, Jean Bte. Tetreault, Jacques 
 Surprenant and Frangois Surprenant. 
 
 On the 16th, Luc Auger, Luc H. Masson and Damien Masson. 
 
 On the 17th, Alexandre Fournier, Joseph Robillard, jun., Jean Bte. Dumouchelle, 
 Jos. Datiais, Charles Larose, Francois Grignon, Magloire Guindon, Edouard Beaution 
 dit Major, Joseph Malboeuf, Felix Cardinal, Leon Marie et Augustin Laurent dit 
 Lortie. 
 
 On the 19th, William H. Scott, of St. Eustache. 
 
 On the 20th, Louis Coursolles, Ambroise Lapierre, Jean Baptiste Bousquet, 
 Toussaint Langlois, Hypolite Moyer, E. Villairs, Stanislas Roy, Modeste Roy, H. 
 Dumouchelle, Cam. Dumouchelle, P. Marie, G. DeLorimier, Chas. Lemoine, Jean A. 
 Berthelot. 
 
 On the 5th January, 1838, there were committed for high treason, Timothy 
 Franchere, Louis Marchand and Richard A. R. Hubert. 
 
 On the 6th, Jean Blanchette, Francois Guerin, Antoine Rochon, Isaac Foisy, 
 Jean Bte. Belanger and Auguste Sanche. 
 
 On the 10th, Joseph Mazdit Lapierre, Francois Seguin, Joseph Vadenais, Michel 
 Frejeau, Guillaume Montplaisir, Paschal Viger, Marcel Sauvee, Christophe Daigneau, 
 Francois Bertrand, Louis Brouillard, and Hugh Ward. 
 
 On the 20th, Chs. Olivier, and on the 23rd, Francis Nicolas. His commitment 
 charges him with, at St. Johns, “ Feloniously, wilfully and of his malice aforethought 
 killed and murdered one Joseph Armand, otherwise called Joseph Chartrand.” 
 
 On the 25th of this month, 16 prisoners from St. Johns were committed ; their 
 names are : Louis M. Decoigne, Francois Ranger, Theophile Roy, Joseph Tellier, 
 L6on Breault, Barthelemy Poissant, Jean Bte. Tremblay, Frs. Surprenant, Jean 
 Jabotte, Luc Hebert, Olivier Glantenel, Joseph Gervais, Robert McMahon, Pierre R. 
 Narbonne, Joseph Hebert and Dr. Leonard Brown. 
 
78 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 On the 27th, Joseph Duvernay and Benjamin Senecal. On the 29th, Jacques 
 
 Demers, and on the 31st, Louis Charette. . 
 
 On the 1st of February, Joseph Robillard, sen., Joseph Duval and R. P. Belair. 
 
 On the 2nd February, Andre A. Papineau of St. Hyacinthe, gentleman. 
 
 On the 5th, Patrick Murray, Michael Dwyer, Peter O’Callaghan and Louis 
 
 On the 6th, James Watts, Augustin Labrie, Jean Bte. Dumouchelle, Joseph 
 Raymond and Eustace James de Carriere. One-half sheet of note paper is all that 
 is used in each of these commitments. 
 
 On the 8th, Noel Scott, Francois Lemaitres and Joseph Letorree. From St. 
 Eustache, William Blythe, Jerome Longpre, Francois Pillon, Jerome Latour and 
 Andr6 Lavallee were committed to gaol; also on the 8th another batch of prisoners, 
 viz., Moise Marchesseault, Joseph Phaneuf, Medard Bouchard, Noel Duval, Mor- 
 phile Lamaremy, Joseph Tougas, Louis LaBerge and Zephirin Girardin. 
 
 On the 9th, Louis Dirige dit Laplante and Etienne Lonctin. 
 
 On the ioth, Joseph Petit dit Lalumtere and Barthelemy Godin dit Laparie, of 
 the parish of Ste. Anne de Varennes. The same day from St. Benoit, Hyacinthe 
 Derouin, Alexandre Derouin and Jean Bte. Richer were committed. 
 
 On the 13th, Jerome Longpre, sen., M6dard Gagnon and Laurent Longpre. 
 
 On the 15th, David Beauchemin, Jean Bte. Ethier, Jean Marie Latour and 
 Jean Bte. Fluneau. 
 
 On the 1 6th, Pierre Barrie re alias Lange vin, of St. Cesaire. This prisoner is 
 handed over to the officer of “The Main Guard of II. M. Forces in Montreal. 
 His crime is thus set forth : Ci High treason and endeavoring to keep up the excite- 
 
 ment in the country, and also having refused to find bail for his future good con- 
 duct.” 
 
 On the 17th, from St. Denis, Francois Richer dit Lafleche, Marcel Cordeaux, 
 Pierre Mondor and Edouard Besse. 
 
 On the 1st March, four prisoners were discharged by order of Attorney Gen- 
 eral : Pierre Roberge, Eusebe Blanchette, Alexandre D’Aigle and Charles Blan- 
 chette. Adolphe Dugas same day is committed for high treason, also Jean Char- 
 lebois and Appolline St. Germain. 
 
 Nothing appears now till the 20th March, when Samuel Hatt and Chs. DeSala- 
 berry, J. Ps., send in Francois Mace dit Sancene for “ high treason.” These Jus- 
 tices are well-known names of Chambly. 
 
 On the 28th, by order of Attorney General, there were discharged Benjamin 
 Poirier, Francois Cabana, Benjamin Cabana, Francois Aubry, Constant Cartier and 
 Francois Renaud. 
 
 On the 31st March, “ Messire A. M. Blanchette” is discharged, having given 
 bail for future good conduct. 
 
 On the 2nd April, Francois Molleur. On the 3rd, Enoch Jacques, of the Town- 
 ship of Potton, under warrant of Thomas Gilman, J.P. 
 
79 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 On the 5th, Joseph Mongeau. On the nth, James Murphy and Francois Ant. 
 Lavigne. 
 
 Patrick Murray, Michael Dwyer and Peter O’Callaghan were discharged and 
 same day allowed to go home to St. Cesaire, and give bail for future good conduct 
 to Mr. Chaffers, who had committed them, “ within so many hours else they would 
 be immediately recommitted.” 
 
 On the 24th, Patrick Flanaghan and Hugh Feenan. On the 25th, Jean Bte. 
 Molleur, and on the 26th, Alexandre Drolet, gentlemen, of the parish of St. Charles. 
 On the same day, Joseph I. Drolet. of the parish of St. Marc, Esq. 
 
 On the 30th, there were forty-one commitments, all for high treason. The 
 names are Joseph Gariepy, Louis Lussier charged with the murder of Lieut. George 
 Weir, at St. Denis, Felix Chenier, Louis Poulin, Olivier Arcand, Amable Paradis 
 of Sorel, Dominique Chartrand, Andre B. Papineau of St. Martin, gentleman, 
 Paschal Bourbonnier, Jean Bte. Arcand, Wm. Whitlock of Vaudreuil, Francois 
 Migneault, also for the murder of Lieut. George Weir, at St. Denis, Nicolas Rolland, 
 Jean F 61 ix Labrie of St. Ours, gentleman, Pierre Amiot, Esq., of Vercheres, Louis 
 Lacoste, Esq., of Boucherville, Isaac S. Larocque, of Rigaud, gentleman, Louis 
 Chapdelaine, Charles Gouin, Louis Chicon Duvert, of St. Charles, Esq., Eusebe 
 Durocher, Esq., of St. Charles, Antoine Charles Bardy, of St. Anathase, gentleman, 
 Andre Lacroix, Esq., of Montreal, Francois Tavernier, gentleman of Montreal, 
 Jean Bte, Vallee, Jean Bte. Lussier of St. Denis, Francois Chicon Duvert, gentle- 
 man of St. Charles, Augustin Labelle, Antoine Consigny, gentleman, Michel Car- 
 riere, of St. Eustache, Hyacinthe Charlebois, Narcisse Valois, of Vaudreuil, Benjamin 
 Lefebvre, George de Boucherville, of Montreal, Esq., Amable Simard, Esq., Hector 
 Barsalou, Captain Beulac, of St. Ours, Louis Michel Viger, Esq., 6f Montreal, 
 Toussaint Peltier, of Montreal, Andr6 Ouimet, Esq., and Bonaventure Viger, of 
 Boucherville. 
 
 The first commitment of May, 1838, for high treason is on the 3rd, where 
 Jacques Lacombe from St. Scholastique, under the warrant of W. Snowdon, Esq., 
 J.P., is admitted to prison. On the same day, Andre Jobin, of the parish of St. 
 Genevieve, is committed for “ seditious practices ” by O. Berthelot, Esq., J.P. 
 
 During November, 1838, the second outbreak took place, and in this month 
 there are very few single papers of commitments, but papers containing long lists of 
 such. The following was received at the gaol, 16th November, 1838. 
 
 “ The prisoner, Dr. Brien, is to be kept separate, and on no account is anyone 
 to be permitted to speak with him. 
 
 “ By command of His Excellency, 
 
 “To the Keeper of the “ C. R. Ogden, Attorney General. 
 
 Common Gaol, Montreal.” 
 
 The only two commitments, November 26th, are those of Dr. Allard and 
 John Fratetelin alias Bradilch. The first is signed by Lieut. Col. Cathcart of 
 Chambly, and thus reads : “Charged with treason and rebellion, Jean Bte. Allard, 
 a medical practitioner of Beloeil.” The other is signed by C. R. Ogden, and 
 reads as follows : 
 
8o 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 « Xhe keeper of the Common Gaol will receive into his custody the prisoner 
 Fratelin alias Braditch from Major McCord, and will keep him in a separate room 
 
 and allow no one to speak with him or see him. 
 
 “ By order, C. R. Ogden, Attorney General.” 
 
 The following is the copy of the commitment of two of the Patriots who were 
 
 executed in the Montreal Gaol and others : 
 
 “ St. Pierre, La Prairie, Dec. io, 1838. 
 
 << Sir 
 
 “ You are desired to receive into the City of Montreal Gaol the following prisoners, 
 at the same time to give a receipt for their bodies to the sergeant commanding the 
 escort, in charge of them : 
 
 “Antoine Sanguinet, Frs. Xavier Hamelin, Jacques Longtin, Jacques Daigneau, 
 Clovis Pattenaude, Thdophile Robert, Joseph Pinsonnault. 
 
 “ You cannot be too careful of the prisoners Sanguinet and Hamelin, as the 
 charges against them are very serious. 
 
 “ Your obedient servant, 
 
 “ W. Denny, 
 
 “ To the Gaoler, Montreal Gaol. Special Magistrate for La Prairie.” 
 
 On the outside address is this direction : 
 
 H. M. SKRVICE. 
 
 The Gaoler, Montreal Gaol, 
 with eight prisoners charged with murder, 
 treason, &c. 
 
 An order of date 15th December, 1838, thus reads : 
 
 “ H. B. Leblanc, Dr. D. Leblanc, Frs. Trepannier and Jos. Robert, to be re- 
 moved to the new gaol. The three first to be kept in the room where the French- 
 man is now; and Jos. Robert to be put in a safe ward. 
 
 “By order, Wm. E. Fletcher, 
 
 “ R. de St. Ours, Sheriff.” 
 
 Copy of warrant of F. X. Guertin. On the back it thus reads : “ Mittimus 
 against F. X. Guertin of St. Cesaire, for high treason.” 
 
 “ To the Gaoler of any of Her Majesty’s Gaols for the District of Montreal, in 
 the City of Montreal. 
 
 “Whereas F. X. Guertin, late of the Parish of St. Cesaire, district aforesaid, 
 farmer, stands accused under oath of the crime of high treason and treasonable 
 practices. 
 
 “ These, etc., etc. 
 
 “ 19th Dec., 1838. Signed, Wm. A. Chaffers, J. P.”^ 
 
 This finishes the two years of 1837 an d 1838. Cardinal and Duquette were the 
 only ones hanged in December of this year, the other ten suffered in 1839. 
 
 The following are a few of the commitments in extenso at the commencement of 
 the troubles of 1838. We must recollect that the 4th November was a Sunday. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 8l 
 
 The events of that day have already been well described by Mr. John Fraser. 
 Three quarters of a half sheet of foolscap contains the commitment paper, no seal or 
 legal looking document. It consists of only a long list of names with this heading : 
 il To the Hon’ble Roch de St. Ours, Esq., Sheriff, 
 
 “ Sir, 
 
 “ You are hereby requested and ordered to receive into your custody in the 
 Common Gaol of the District of Montreal, the following prisoners until further orders.” 
 
 And this is signed by N. Edmond Barron, J.P. 
 
 This paper contains sixty-five names. 
 
 Two orders or letters are of this date, 5th November, viz. : 
 
 “ La Prairie Barracks, Nov.^th, 1838. 
 
 “ I hereby give into your charge Pierre Dresi, an inhabitant of La Prairie, who 
 was taken prisoner last night about six o’clock, near the Barracks, by a volunteer 
 named Melton. I ordered him to be searched, when some copper caps and a ball 
 were found on him. Melton says he threw something into the river. The prisoner 
 was mounted on a white horse, which I send with him. 
 
 “ Your obedient servant, 
 
 “ A. W. Biggs, Major, 
 
 “The Gailor, Montreal. “ 7th Hussars.” 
 
 The other letter of the Major’s thus reads : 
 
 “ I hereby deliver into your charge the prisoner Duffile Vershereou, who was 
 taken by a party of Hussars on the morning of the 4th of November, armed with a 
 musket with ball ammunition, a powderhorn and dagger. The prisoner was one of 
 the party of Rebels who fired at the Hussars. 
 
 “ The evidences against him are Privates Hinds and Wilson, 7th Hussars, and 
 Volunteer James Melton, of La Prairie. 
 
 “ A. W. Biggs, Major, 
 
 “ Commd. 7th Hussars, at La Prairie. 
 
 “ La Prairie, November 5th, 1838.*’ 
 
 On the 1st January, 1839, a l etter from Robert Nickle, Colonel and J.P., of Stan- 
 stead, dated December 30th, 1838, and addressed to Her Majesty’s Gaoler, Montreal, 
 thus reads : “ You will be pleased to take charge of the body of Captain Taylor 
 Wadley, charged with treasonable practices.” This letter is annexed. 
 
 “Mr. Wand, Gaoler, Montreal. 
 
 “Sir, 
 
 “ Some days since depositions (which are[now in my possession) were sent in from 
 the country against Capt. Taylor Wadley, of the Hatley Militia, Eastern Townships, 
 in consequence of which he was ordered to be sent in to Montreal a prisoner, and 
 
 6 
 
82 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 the Attorney General told me that on his arrival in town he was to be taken to the 
 City Gaol until his case was examined into and disposed of. 
 
 “You are therefore commanded to receive him, the said Captain Taylor Wadley, 
 and detain him in custody a prisoner until further orders. 
 
 On the 8th January, 1839, llie following letter is recorded : 
 
 “ General Court Martial Room, 
 
 “ Montreal, 8th January, 1839. 
 
 “ I am commanded by His Excellency, Sir John Colborne, to inform you that the 
 three undermentioned prisoners having been acquitted by the General Court Martial, 
 they are to be discharged from the Montreal prison. 
 
 “ Edouard Therien, of Chateauguay : Jean Bte. Dozois, sen., of St. Cyprien ; 
 Louis Lemelin of St. Cyprien. 
 
 “ I have, etc., etc., 
 
 “ The Sheriff 
 
 of Montreal.” 
 
 The following were committed this month for high treason : Etienne Langlois, 
 Leon Leclaire, Chas. Bouc, An. Roussin, all of Terrebonne, Yeomen, Frs. St. Louis, 
 Pierre Urbain, Paul Gravelle, of Isle Jesus, Yeomen. Denis Berthelot, merchant of 
 Lachine. Jacques Robert, John Squires, Dominique Poissant and Eustache Poissant, 
 Andr£ A. Papineau, Philippe N. Pacaud, Jean Frs. Tetu, Francois Surprenant, Fran- 
 cois Nicolas, Michel Meunier, Antoine Boyer, sen., Joseph Smith, Antoine Denault, 
 Pierre Leduc, Jean Bte. Lague, Cyprien Boyer and Joseph Langevin. 
 
 During February, 1839, tIiere were committed Ovide Beauchamp, Jean Bte. 
 Bourque, Erastus Chamberlain, Toussaint V. Tremblay, Michel Tessier and James 
 Johnson, alias James Johnson Pratt alias N. Ordway. This man’s offence was 
 “ suspected of being a spy.” His commitment is signed by Colonel Williams, 
 and thus reads: “Whereas James Johnson alias James Johnson Pratt, alias N. 
 Ordway, of Woodstock, in the State of Vermont, in the United States of America, 
 
 “F. J. Griffin, 
 
 “ Dep’y Ass. Adj. Genl. 
 
 < < 
 
 Sir: 
 
 “ G, Muller, Capt., 
 u Deputy Judge Advocate. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 83 
 
 stands charged on oath made before Lawrence Ford, J.P., for this district, with evil 
 intentions towards the British Government, and acting as a spy in favor of the 
 Canadian refugees. And further for travelling with a passport obtained under false 
 pretences and a feigned name, etc., etc. ,, 
 
 Copy of commitment of Nicolas, who was afterwards hanged : 
 
 of A^ntreal } Victoria, by the Grace of God, Queen. 
 
 “To the Keeper of the Common Gaol of the District of Montreal, 
 
 11 Greeting : — 
 
 “ You are hereby commanded to receive into the Gaol of the said district of 
 Montreal, Francois Nicolas (the murderer of Chartrand), who now stands charged 
 upon oath with high treason, and him there safely keep, until he shall be discharged 
 by due course of law. 
 
 “ Given under my hand and seal at the village of Christieville, this 19th day of 
 January, 1839. 
 
 “ W. McGinnis, J.P.” 
 
 The next is dated 25th April, 1839: 
 
 “ Dpt’y Adj. GenTs Office, Volunteer Department. 
 
 “ Montreal, 25th April, 1839. 
 
 € * Sir, 
 
 “ I have the honor by direction of His Excellency the Governor General and 
 Commander of the Forces, to request that “ Freeman Millar,” of Stanstead, accused 
 of seditious practices, and now sent in by Col. Nickle, commanding at Stanstead, in 
 custody of the bearer, Lieut. Whitcher, of the Stanstead Cavalry, may be received 
 and detained as a prisoner in the Gaol of Montreal until further orders. 
 
 « The necessary communications upon this subject will be made to-morrow 
 morning to the Sheriff by the Attorney-General. 
 
 “ Mr. Wand, Gaoler 
 of Montreal Gaol.” 
 
 “ I have the honor to be, Sir, 
 
 “ Your most obedient humble servant, 
 
 “ F. J. Griffin, D. A. A. G. 
 
 The following two commitments bear date 20th June, 1839. The first, “Louis 
 Dubois, for treasonable practices and threatening language towards the Government.” 
 
 “ Province of Lower Canada, | William King McCord, Esquire, one of the Jus- 
 
 District of Montreal. j tices of Our Sovereign Lady the Queen, assigned 
 
 to keep the peace within the said district. 
 
 / * 
 
84 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 “ To the Keeper of the Common Gaol of the said District, 
 
 “ Greeting : — 
 
 “ Whereas Louis Dubois, master blacksmith, of St. Anne des Plaines, in the 
 county of Terrebonne, in the said district, stands charged upon oath with having 
 made use of threatening language towards the Government of Our Lady the Queen, 
 and having declared his readiness to assist the Rebels whenever the opportunity 
 offered, also as having threatened the Reverend Mr. Poirier, the curate of said 
 parish, ‘that he would persecute him until his death, or until he ceased preaching 
 loyalty to the inhabitants, his parishioners,’ thereby and in other treasonable prac- 
 tices exciting discontent, dissension and rebellion among the people against the 
 Government and against the peace of Our Lady the Queen. 
 
 “ These are therefore to authorize and command you to receive into your custody 
 the said Louis Dubois, and him safely keep to be dealt with according to law. 
 
 “Given under my hand and seal at St. Scholastique, this 15th day of June, 1839, 
 and in the 2nd year of Her Majesty’s Reign. 
 
 “ W. R. McCord, 
 
 “ Stip. Magistrate & J. P.” 
 
 The next commitment is that of Moyse Granger, and after same heading as the 
 above the body of warrant thus reads : 
 
 “ Whereas Moyse Granger, of the Parish of Ste. Anne des Plaines, in the County 
 of Terrebonne, in the District aforesaid, stands charged upon oath with having within 
 the last three months continually threatened the life of the Reverend Mr. Poirier, 
 Cure of said Parish, if he did not cease preaching loyalty to his parishioners, at 
 same time using threatening language towards Her Majesty’s Government, thereby 
 encouraging rebellion and resistance to said Government, and by other treasonable 
 practices and secret meetings assisting and forming a seditious opposition to the loyal 
 inhabitants of said Parish and the Government in general and the peace of our said 
 Lady the Queen, her crown and dignity. 
 
 “These are therefore, etc., etc.,” with the same committing Magistrate’s name. 
 
 On the 1st July, 1839, the last commitment thus reads : 
 
 “ Whereas Jean Baptiste Leroux dit Rousson, of the Parish of St. Hernias, in the 
 County of Lake of Two Mountains, in the District aforesaid, blacksmith, stands 
 charged upon oath ‘ having declared that he would aid and assist the rebel cause and 
 endeavor to overthrow the Government of Our Sovereign Lady the Queen, and was 
 ready to assist any foreign invasion from the United States of America against this 
 country, of which he had positive information,’ and by other treasonable practices 
 endeavoring to dislurb the peace of Our Sovereign Lady the Queen. 
 
 “ These are therefore, etc., etc.” 
 
 The signature is W. R. McCord, J.P., but he adds Stipendiary Magistrate. 
 
 N. W. M. D. 
 
 This finishes these interesting documents of 1837, 1838, and 1839. Sketches of 
 the principal actors in this Canadian drama will be found in the body of the Gazetteer 
 at their respective places. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 85 
 
 On July 23rd, 1840, the Bill to unite Upper and Lower Canada became law, 
 being then sanctioned by the Queen. It did not, however, from some cause, come 
 into operation till February 10th, 1841. 
 
 The City Charter having expired, it was renewed, and Honorable Peter McGill 
 was appointed Mayor. 
 
 In 1844, the Government was translated from Kingston to Montreal. 
 
 1 he following graphic account of the ship fever of 1846, from the pen of an ex- 
 Chief of Police, is truthful and correct: — 
 
 In the summer of 1846, Montreal was visited by the dread pestilence that came 
 to be known as the ‘ Ship Fever.’ 
 
 As Chief of Police I was thrown into the midst of the saddest scenes possible 
 for man to witness. Tragic were the sights that thus came under my daily view. 
 Officials of all grades and classes, Government, Municipal and Clerical, carried their 
 lives in their hands, in their ministrations to those sad outcasts from their native land. 
 Amongst the sacrificed were the Mayor and the Roman Catholic Bishop of Montreal, 
 many clergymen of all denominations, and very many Sisters of Charity and others. 
 How often I have witnessed the blessed ministrations of those admirable women at 
 the bedsides of the sick and dying at what was then a veritable pest house, the 
 Emigrant Hospital at Point St. Charles. Their errand of mercy was in so many 
 cases an errand of death to themselves, that one could not help pitying and admir- 
 ing the heroic and self-sacrificing devotion of these 
 
 1 Noble types of good heroic womanhood.' 
 
 By God’s good providence I escaped unscathed, whilst so many of my co- 
 laborers fell around me. The small police force then under my command, number- 
 ing forty-five men all told, suffered pro rata of its strength pretty severely. Four men 
 died of the ship fever^ fourteen others contracted the disease, but ultimately re- 
 covered. From about midsummer until far into September the pestilence raged in 
 our midst, and day after day crowds of infected emigrants were cast upon our 
 wharves. 'These were generally landed where the Allan steamships now berth, the 
 nearest spot to the Emigrant Sheds at the Point. Policemen were stationed at all 
 the bridges over the Canal, to stop them getting back from the sheds, for which they 
 had a great horror and detestation. In consequence of this they were ever endeav- 
 oring to make their escape therefrom. Many did so escape, and were afterwards 
 picked up sick, dying or dead, hid away in stables, out-houses, or alley ways in the 
 city, to which, despairing, they had betaken themselves. To meet this emergency, 
 I had organized a sort of ambulance, a spring wagon, covered by a white tilt, which 
 was kept constantly on duty at the Central Station, ready for the first summons. 
 From the day of its establishment, 19th July, to the day that it was discontinued, 
 19th September following, this ambulance had conveyed to the hospital no less than 
 472 sick and 60 dead, found hid away in various holes and corners of the city. 
 

 ' 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 It may be readily imagined that it was no easy task to find people to undertake 
 so dangerous and forbidding a work. The carter who drove the ambulance would do 
 nothing else. To handle the dead, or dying, it was no easy matter to find men u til- 
 ing to run the risk. As it was not possible to get men for this purpose, volunteers 
 had to be sought for, at high wages, amongst the loafers who hung about the wharves. 
 Strange to say, none of these men ever suffered from their contact with the infected. 
 One of the common daily sights in Wellington street, in those sad days, were the 
 coffins on their way to the Emigrant Hospital. These plain deal coffins might be 
 seen any day piled up in the Hospital yard, awaiting the daily toll of the dead, who 
 were always buried at night. 
 
 The duties of the police in such times, as may well be imagined, were onerous, 
 and trying in the extreme. I cannot say that they were borne cheerfully, but I must 
 freely admit that they were submitted to without a murmur. As I have before noted, 
 the casualties for so small a body were severe. A third of the Force were prostrated 
 by sickness, whilst death exacted its tenth. Death stalked abroad in the streets at 
 noonday, and when he struck his victims it was suddenly and swiftly. 
 
 At Point St. Charles, near the northern end of the Victoria Bridge, in a small 
 plot of land, lie deposited the remains of 6,000 of the victims of that calamitous year. 
 A large boulder stone, placed on a solid base of ashlar masonry, marks their burial 
 place. This monument, erected by the generous contributions of the workmen on 
 the Victoria Bridge, in 1859, commemorates the sad event, and preserves from 
 desecration the spot hallowed by such tragic memories. 
 
 We cannot close the account of this dreadful event without inserting the poem 
 of our own well-known writer, Mrs. Leprohon, on 
 
 THE EMIGRANTS’ MONUMENT AT POINT ST. CHARLES. 
 
 ERECTED BY THE WORKMEN OF VICTORIA BRIDGE. 
 
 A kindly thought— a generous deed ! 
 
 Ye gallant sons of toil ! 
 
 No nobler trophy could ye raise, 
 
 On your adopted soil, 
 
 Than this funeral stone to the good and brave, 
 
 Who came to our shores but to find a grave. 
 
 Like you they left their fatherland 
 And crossed the ocean foam, 
 
 To seek for themselves a new career, 
 
 And make another home. 
 
 But alas for hearts that had beat so high ! 
 
 They reached the goal, but only to die. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 87 
 
 Let no rich worldling dare to say, 
 
 For them why should we grieve ? 
 
 But paupers came they to our shores, 
 
 Rags, poverty, to leave. 
 
 Each stalwart frame full of power and health, 
 
 And each active arm was a mine of wealth. 
 
 Twas a mournful end to day-dreams high, 
 
 A sad and fearful doom, 
 
 To exchange their fever-stricken ships 
 For the loathsome typhus tomb, 
 
 And ere they had glanced at our clear bright sky, 
 
 In a stranger land breathe their dying sigh. 
 
 The strong man in the prime of life, 
 
 Struck down in one short hour; 
 
 The loving wife ; the rose-cheeked girl, 
 
 Fairer than opening flower ; 
 
 The ardent youth with fond hopes elate — 
 
 O’ertaken all by one common fate. 
 
 Long since forgotten, here they rest, 
 
 Sons of a distant land ; 
 
 The epoch of their short career, 
 
 Mere foot-prints on life’s sand ; 
 
 But this stone will tell through many a year, 
 
 They died on our shores and they slumber here. 
 
 In January, 1847, Lord Elgin arrived in Montreal as the newly appointed Gov- 
 ernor-General of Canada. 
 
 In January of next year, 1848, a great inundation took place, and much resem- 
 bled the great flood of a few years ago. 
 
 On the 1 8th of June, the largest bell in Canada was christened, an immense 
 congregation of citizens being present at Notre Dame for the ceremony. 
 
 Among the public buildings erected this year were the Reid Wing to the General 
 Hospital, St. Andrew’s Church, and the Protestant Orphan Asylum. 
 
 The following is taken from my “ History of the Montreal Prison from 1784 to 
 
 1887 
 
 During the Session of Parliament in 1849, a Bill was introduced and passed 
 providing for the payment of losses sustained during the Rebellion. The British 
 inhabitants were indignant that any such bill should have been introduced, and every 
 means were taken to prevent its passage through the House. When it had been 
 passed, great anxiety was manifested as to whether it would receive the sanction of 
 the Governor General. On Wednesday, the 25th April, 1849, — a day which will be 
 
88 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 long noted in the annals of our city, —Lord Elgin proceeded to the Parliament House 
 to sanction the new tariff, and other Acts. About five o’clock in the afternoon he 
 sanctioned a number of bills, and among them was the objectionable Rebellion Bill- 
 No sooner had the bill become law than the information was conveyed to the crowds 
 in waiting outside of the building, and when His Excellency appeared he was re- 
 ceived with groans and pelted with stones and eggs. The excitement was intense. 
 Printed notices were posted in various parts of the city, calling a mass meeting to 
 be held immediately on the Champ de Mars, and by eight o’clock an immense num- 
 ber of persons had assembled, when, after some strong resolutions had been passed, 
 the cry was raised “To the Parliament Buildings.” 
 
 The House of Assembly was engaged in discussing the Judicature Bill, when a 
 loud shout gave the members warning that a riot was fomenting outside. A number 
 of stones were now thrown through the windows, and in a short time there were but 
 few squares of glass left unbroken in the whole range of the buildings. 
 
 By this time the members had all retreated, when about a dozen persons entered 
 the Assembly Hall, and one of them of the name of Courtney boldly seated himself 
 in the Speaker’s chair, and muttered something about dissolving the Parliament. 
 The others then commenced the work of demolishing all that came before them, 
 sticks being thrown at the glass globes on the gasaliers which were beyond their 
 reach. 
 
 The cry of fire was now raised, and it was discovered that the building had been 
 fired by some of the mob. The fire spread with great rapidity, and in half-an-hour 
 the whole building was wrapped in a sheet of flame. No attempt was made to save 
 the building, and the engines were only used upon the surrounding property. By 
 this fire the valuable library, containing the archives and records of the colony for 
 over a century, was completely destroyed. The only article saved was the mace 
 belonging to the Lower House. The party who saved the mace carried it to Done- 
 gani’s Hotel, and delivered it to Sir Allan McNab. 
 
 The mob now proceeded to the residence of Mr. Lafontaine, and set it on fire, 
 but through the efforts of some of the citizens the flames were extinguished, but the 
 whole of the furniture and library was completely demolished. Several other houses, 
 occupied by obnoxious members of the Parliament, were also destroyed. 
 
 It was feared that the Governor might suffer from the violence of the mob. 
 He therefore left his residence at Monklands and remained in the city under the pro- 
 tection of a military body. 
 
 On the 26th, Messrs. Mack, Howard, Ferris, Montgomery and Perry were 
 arrested on the charge of arson, and were committed for trial. A crowd of nearly 
 3000 persons accompanied them to gaol, but no violence was shown. 
 
 The Parliament Building destroyed during this riot was originally the St. Ann’s 
 market, the interior of which had been remodelled for the accommodation of the 
 Legislature. It was 342 feet in length by 50 in width, the central portion projecting 
 four feet beyond the wings. It was constructed of Montreal limestone, and though 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 89 
 
 plain, — its only ornament being a portico at either end, — presented an effective 
 appearance. 
 
 r I he excitement continued, and men of all ranks then invited the interposition of 
 the Americans. The popular feeling on the British side was roused to madness, and 
 threatened the integrity of the Empire. It was seriously and openly proposed to 
 sever the connection with Britain and annex Canada to the United States. Does not 
 this seem amazing ? Not more than ten or eleven years had passed and these same 
 annexationists were Constitutionalists against the Patriots of 1837-1838. Now they 
 are exactly in the same position as the French party during that period. Two days 
 after the obnoxious Bill had passed, a riot took place and Colonel Gugy was of the 
 greatest use then in calming the populace. An eye-witness of this thus described it : 
 
 “ Having worsted the police, and defying the troops, the populace assembled 
 round the Government House, bent on taking it by storm, and killing Lord Elgin, 
 who was in it. Without Colonel Gugy the attempt would have been made, but walk- 
 ing coolly up and down he soothed the multitude, and persuaded them to desist. So 
 happy was he in his manner of dealing with them that, notwithstanding his opposi- 
 tion to their wishes, they carried him home on their shoulders in triumph. Neither 
 the police or the troops produced any effect on the infuriated multitude. The 
 administration thereupon put muskets into the hands of a body of French Canadians 
 who were drilled and intended for the repression of the British population. The 
 latter arming themselves, marched in a sort of military array to attack the French, 
 and a terrible night conflict was about to take place in the streets of Montreal. To 
 prevent it, a wing of the 71st Regiment, and two guns loaded with grape, were drawn 
 up, with orders to fire with effect on the advancing multitude. The latter had 
 nearly reached the limit assigned them by the officer commanding, and the troops 
 were about to fire, when Colonel Gugy met the crowd and threw himself into its 
 midst. Ascending a lamp-post, he addressed them for upwards of two hours without 
 faltering, eventually inducing the multitude to disperse. It was like a man tied to 
 the guillotine, making a speech with the axe pendent over his neck. If it be true, as 
 it is tiue, that but for his intervention four or five hundred natives of the British Isles 
 might or would on that occasion have been slaughtered by the troops, it is manifest 
 that the connection with Britain must have been severed.” 
 
 Mr. Powell writing in the Quebec Mercury of date 4th January, 1855, and 
 recounting the events of this memorable night, thus says : 
 
 “ There is a dark spot in the page of Canadian history ; the angry passions of 
 men were roused by an act which was by them deemed to extend, not only the 
 sanction of the law to treason, rebellion and murder, but worse still — to reward them. 
 The spirit of those who had lived obedient to law all their lives rose in passionate 
 revolt against an enactment to their minds subversive of every principle of religion, 
 morality and law. The flames of the House in which the statute was passed, with 
 all the most valuable records of the country, fearfully attested the state of men’s 
 minds. It was at such a moment, when energy and determination were most re- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 9 0 
 
 quired, that the energies of those whose duty it was to quell the storm seemed 
 thoroughly paralyzed. There was one man, at least, who proved an exception to 
 the prevailing cowardice. That man was Colonel Gugy. Dark as is the memoiy of 
 those days, they would have been darker still but for him. 
 
 “ Not only did he throughout those trying scenes, by his influence, by his 
 example, by his unwearying exertion, restrain the passions of the enraged multi- 
 tude, but on one particular occasion he stayed the tide of riot, of bloodshed, and 
 what might have caused a rebellion worse than that which had been so lately 
 terminated . 
 
 “Well do I remember the second night after the Parliament House was burnt, 
 when the tidings spread like wild-flre through the City, that the Government had armed 
 their supporters in the suburbs, and that even at that moment they were assembled at 
 Bonsecours Market. A spirit was evoked in the breast of every opponent of such a 
 rash and one-sided act as the arming of one part of the population against the other, 
 that boded fearful results, had the flame once burst its bounds. Arms were in the 
 hands of every man and boy who could bear them, and a stern determination in the 
 minds of all to meet in deadly hostility. The military were drawn up across Notre 
 Dame street, near Jacques Cartier Square, cutting off communication by that street. 
 It was at this time, when all were resolved to force their way through the armed 
 troops to reach the Bonsecours Market, that Gugy appeared amongst them, and 
 from the paling on which I was standing by his side, addressed the assembled mul- 
 titude, and by his commanding eloquence, his boldness, his energy and strong com- 
 mon sense, succeeded in allaying the popular excitement, and inducing all to dis- 
 perse in quiet to their homes. Had he not been the instrument in the hands of that 
 Power who rules over all, He alone knows what might have been the consequence of 
 the shedding of the blood which must have flowed on that night. 
 
 “ Up to the present time, I have never, amid all the obliquy which has been 
 heaped upon his name, seen one word of tribute in justice to conduct which was as 
 honorable to the man, as invaluable to our common country. Such is the testimony 
 of an eye-witness. Under a lamp elevated about ten feet, above an armed and 
 infuriated mob, in the full glare of the light, hearing the imprecations of the frantic 
 multitude around him, varied by the occasional flash of fire-arms and the whistling of 
 a ball, Colonel Gugy was a mark which no man could miss. He could at any 
 moment have been killed, even with a brick bat, and as every man has his 
 friends and his enemies, he must have felt that his time was at hand. He knew 
 that within a hundred and fifty yards were two guns charged with grape — and 
 upward of 200 soldiers with guns loaded and capped, and he must have heard 
 the officer in command press on the troops the necessity of firing with effect. 
 He must have felt that any half dozen imprudent or drunken fellows might have 
 brought all the fire upon him. Yet, for two long hours and more, despite con- 
 tinual interruption, he never faltered. Avoiding all irritating topics— gently 
 insinuating respect for order — appealing to the hearts of his audience — drawing 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 9 1 
 
 affecting pictures of desolated hearths, widowed mothers, and helpless orphans — 
 soothing this one, cracking a joke with another, then provoking the laugh which 
 indicates the calming down of irritation, he eventually induced the assembled thou- 
 sands peaceably to disperse. He performed the same part on several evenings, 
 always at more or less risk, and it is undeniable that it was owing to his efforts that 
 no blood was shed. 
 
 “On the night above referred to, considering the proximity, number, and dispo- 
 sition of the soldiery, with the dense mass of closely packed thousands in the street, 
 no one can affect to rate the killed and wounded, had the troops fired, otherwise 
 than by hundreds.” 
 
 In March, 1855, an Industrial Exhibition was held in the City Concert Hall for 
 the purpose of selecting articles to be sent to the Paris Exhibition. It was publicly 
 inaugurated by His Excellency Sir Edmund Head, the Governor-General, who 
 visited Montreal for the first time (for that purpose) on March 5th. 1 his visit was 
 celebrated in the most enthusiastic manner, and every possible effort was made to 
 render it agreeable. 
 
 In August, 1857, Montreal was visited by the most distinguished company that 
 ever met in the Provinces. On Wednesday, 12th, the “ American Association for the 
 Advancement of Science ” assembled in the Court House, and continued in session 
 for one week. On Thursday evening, a soiree was given by the Natural History 
 Society, in the City Concert Hall, and was numerously attended. On Saturday, by 
 invitation of the officers of the garrison, the party visited St. Helen’s Island. On the 
 Monday following, a Conversazione was given by the Governors, Faculty and Fellows 
 of McGill College, and was a magnificent affair. At the closing meeting of the 
 Association, addresses were given by ex-President Filmore, Professors Henry, Swal- 
 low, Ramsay, Caswell, and other celebrities. One of these speakers congratulated 
 the citizens on possessing such a city, and stated that there was “ a power stored up 
 here upon the shores, which, within less than one hundred years, will probably result 
 in making this city the greatest city in America. This immense water power being 
 directed to the manufactures which might be established here, will make this one of 
 the great cities of the globe.” 
 
 On Tuesday, 4th January, 1859, the Bishop’s Church, St. Denis street, was 
 destroyed by fire. 
 
 The formal opening of the Victoria Bridge was, in colonial importance, the chief 
 feature in the visit of the Prince of Wales to Montreal. As an engineering triumph 
 over natural difficulties of the most stupendous kind it is without its equal in the 
 world. 
 
 While the city was in the midst of excitement on account of the seizure of Mason 
 and Slidell, an event occurred which tended to throw a sadness over its inhabitants- 
 On Tuesday, December 24th, the news was spread that the husband of our beloved 
 Queen had suddenly died. A large meeting of the citizens was held at the City 
 Concert Hall, and adopted an address of condolence to Her Majesty, for which she 
 returned her thanks. 
 
<)2 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 In July, 1862, the Governor-General, Lord Monck, paid his first visit to the 
 city, and was hospitably entertained by the Corporation, who presented an address 
 of welcome, and provided every possible means towards rendering his visit agreeable. 
 
 One of the most important trials ever held in Montreal was that of the St. 
 Albans’ Raiders. During the terrible fratricidal war between the Northern States of 
 America and the Southern, a band of young men, sworn soldiers of the Confederate 
 Army, entered from Canada the State of Vermont and raided the town of St. Albans, 
 in that State, and after committing certain acts of violence, escaped back to Canada 
 with their spoil. The account has been culled principally from the History of the 
 Trial, by L. N. Benjamin. The names of those incarcerated and tried for this 
 offence and acquitted were Bennett H. Young, S. E. Lackey, Marcus Spurr, A. Pope 
 Bruce, C. M. Swager, C. McD. Wallace, Joseph McGrorty, George Scott, W, H. 
 Hutchinson, Dudley Moorey T. B. Collins, J. A. Doty, S. S. Gregg, and S. T. 
 Teavis. These men, according to their commitment, robbed the Bank of St. Albans 
 of $70,000, and one man, a depositor at the time, of $300. The best array of legal 
 talent that the Province could produce was enlisted on both sides, but it must be 
 averred that the prisoners’ counsel carried the day, and were completely sustained by 
 the Privy Council of England. When the case was opened on November 2nd, 1864, 
 the Court was crowded. Hon. Mr. Abbott, Q.C., Hon. Mr. Laflamme, Q.C., and 
 Mr. Kerr, Q.C., were the lawyers who appeared for the St. Albans’ raiders, Mr. 
 Devlin, Q.C., appeared for the United States Government, Mr. Johnson, Q.C., now 
 Sir Francis Johnson, Chief Justice of the Court of Review, and Mr. Carter, Q.C., 
 represented the Crown ; Mr. Strachan Bethune, Q.C., Hon. John Rose, Q.C., and 
 Mr. Ritchie, Q.C., were also connected with the trial. 
 
 It began before Judge Coursol, who dismissed the prisoners, as he held he had 
 no jurisdiction ; then coming before Hon. Judge Smith, after a long and most careful 
 examination of facts and documents, and after speeches remarkable on all sides for 
 terseness, fluency and fervor, His Honor concluded and discharged the prisoners. 
 
 I now come to one 01 the most stirring periods of the history of the country and 
 of the City of Montreal. 
 
 This was the disgraceful invasion by a body of men, called Fenians, of Canada 
 contrary to all international law. 
 
 hor some time during the early part of the year 1866 the attention of the authorities 
 had been directed towards the movements of an organization existing principally in 
 the United States, and known as the “ Fenian Brotherhood,” whose design was the 
 liberation of Ireland from British rule. At its organization, and for a considerable 
 time afterwards, little attention was paid to threats made by its leaders, but when they 
 proceeded so far as to threaten the peace and safety of the country, the authorities 
 made preparation whereby they might be able to repel an attack made. 
 
 A short account of the proceedings of June, when Pigeon Hill was first 
 brought prominently before the Canadian people, will now be given. 
 
 When it was known throughout Montreal and district that the Fenians were 
 
 r ^ 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 actually attempting to invade Canada, the utmost indignation prevailed. When the 
 British troops arrived at St. Armand’s Station between eleven and twelve o’clock of 
 the 9th June, they found two wagons which arrived from Pigeon Hill with five 
 Fenian prisoners, who had been captured that morning by different parties. “ These, 
 writes one present, “ were little scamps such as one sees about the streets of all great 
 cities. One was a tolerably stout, resolute looking fellow ; another, a mild looking 
 young man much better dressed than the rest.” 
 
 These men were left in the custody of the St. Armand’s volunteers, and the 
 column of attack on the Fenians at Pigeon Hill started at two p.m. The Granby 
 and Waterloo volunteers, commanded by Captain Millard, formed the advance guard, 
 being followed by two twelve pounder Armstrong guns of Captain Balfour’s Battery, 
 Royal Artillery, then stationed in Hochelaga, accompanied with their regular quota 
 of artillery guns, commanded by Captain Phipps, R.A. These were followed by 
 two companies of the Rifle Brigade under Major Nixon, who commanded the whole 
 column, also two companies of the 25th Regiment, then stationed, as well as the Rifle 
 Brigade, in Montreal. Another company of the 25th brought up the rear and formed 
 the rear guard. 
 
 Between the main body and rear guard, the supply wagon and a farmer’s 
 wagon, carrying the surgeon’s apparatus and medical comforts, were placed. 
 
 The officers and men were in the highest spirits, only fearing lest the redoubt- 
 able Fenians should seek shelter too promptly in the United States, the ‘Mines” 
 being only half a mile from their camp. The day was very fine, the sun was shining 
 brightly, yet tempered by a cool breeze. This made the roads dry and the marching 
 pleasant. One thing regarding this march must not be passed over. Although 
 several soldiers of the Line and Rifles were knocked up with the march and obliged 
 to fall out, yet such was the pluck and training of our volunteers, and they were the 
 advanced guard and in front of the strong Artillery horses of Captain Balfour’s 
 Battery, not one single man evinced the least fatigue, but kept straight ahead. A 
 short halt was made at a place called Holt’s Corners and another prisoner was 
 brought in from the south road, having been captured by a farmer, who, with his son 
 and hired man, had been reconnoitering the enemy. The Fenian was mounted on 
 a handsome horse, and was rather of a gentlemanly and refined appearance. He was 
 speedily dismounted, being succeeded in the saddle by Captain Hallowes of the 25th 
 Regiment, and the Fenian was conducted to the rear in charge of a guard from that 
 Regiment. Another prisoner was soon met, squatted in a single wagon between the 
 feet of two farmers of Stanbridge, who had captured him. Just before the column 
 reached Pigeon Hill there was the cry “ Incline to the right ” and that splendid body 
 of horsemen “ The Guides,” under Captain D. Lorn McDougall, dashed past in 
 single file and took their place in front. They had no opportunity that day and 
 more is the pity to “ flesh their maiden swords ” upon any large body of Fenians. 
 But they rode round by the Cook’s Corner’s Road, and at a later period of the day 
 cut off the retreat of some who would have escaped and took two of the miserable 
 
 / 
 
94 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 scoundrels prisoners. If the Fenians had a good sight of them, and they had from 
 their position, they must have felt inclined to keep out of their way. In turning to 
 the right at the tavern at Pigeon Hill, the whole column descended the lull on the 
 road leading directly to the lines, the Artillery taking the lead. The guns were 
 placed in position on a high point overlooking the whole valley in the direction of 
 the woods and about half a mile from the lines. The company of the 25th remained 
 with the guns, and the remainder of the Infantry in two lines with the Rifles thrown 
 out in front as skirmishers descended into the valley. The last red coat disappeared 
 among the trees, and presently a single rifle shot was heard echoing loudly enough 
 through the woods, two more followed, then a dripping fire of musketry and all was 
 
 silent. . , , . . 
 
 At the first report every one sprang to his feet. The gunners placed themselves 
 
 by their pieces, and the officers of Artillery prepared to point them upon any body 
 of the enemy that might break cover. The disappointment was very great when 
 the firing ceased. 
 
 Presently the red coats emerged from the woods, marched across a small clear- 
 ing and disappeared in the woods beyond. After waiting some time longer, and 
 the sun beginning to approach the western horizon, the horses were put to the guns 
 and wagons, and preparations were made for returning to St. Armand. One com- 
 pany of the 25th rejoined their comrades on the hill. The rest of the force made 
 their way by the Cook’s Corner’s Road back to Pigeon Hill with the exception of 
 one company of the Rifles, which was detached towards Frelighsburg. The rest of 
 the force reached St. Armand’s Station between nine and ten o’clock at night. 
 
 In the early part of 1868 the mutterings of a new Fenian excitement were again 
 heard on our borders, and after an interval of nearly two years of peace and quiet, 
 we were once more threatened by an invasion. As in the previous case, this report 
 was the result of the unfriendly feelings existing between the United States and 
 England. But, fortunately for Canada, the resources of the “ Brotherhood ” were 
 not sufficient to enable them to carry out their design ; but while the invasion of the 
 country was abandoned, still the diabolical spirit which animated many of its par. 
 tisans made good its foothold in the country, and, as in other places throughout the 
 world, those who opposed the mad scheme were singled out as victims, and a more 
 distinguished victim could not have been chosen than the Hon. Thomas d’Arcy 
 McGee, a representative of the City of Montreal in the Dominion Parliament, who 
 was foully assassinated on the morning of April 7th, 1868, while returning from the 
 Parliament Buildings to his lodgings in Ottawa. 
 
 The funeral which took place on Monday, 13th, will be long remembered. The 
 streets were covered with mourning flags and festoons of black, giving the scene a 
 striking and funereal aspect, and those streets through which the procession was to 
 pass were lined on either side by soldiers, regulars and volunteers. 
 
 On Friday, September nth, 1868, His Lordship Bishop Fulford, the first Angli- 
 can Bishop of the Diocese of Montreal, died at his residence after a painful illness, 
 and was bmied in Mount Royal Cemetery. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 95 
 
 On Friday, the 8th of October, 1869, Prince Arthur, third son of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty, arrived in Montreal to join the P.C.O. Rifles, here stationed, he 
 holding a lieutenant’s commission in that splendid regiment. 
 
 His Excellency the Governor-General, having left Canada for England, Sir John 
 Michel was sworn in at Montreal as Administrator of the Government in theabsence 
 of the Governor-General. Sir John took up his residence in the city, and during his 
 administration the Executive Council met here twice in each month for the trans- 
 action of public business. 
 
 I now come to what is called the second Fenian Invasion, and it seems the 
 result of the first had no effect on these men. About April 10th, 1870, an intima- 
 tion was received by the Dominion Government from the British Minister at Wash- 
 ington to the effect, that the American Executive had received warning of an in- 
 tended Fenian raid into Canada along the frontier from Port Huron to St. Alban’s. 
 Later on, information was received that the intended raid would not be made at the 
 place indicated, but that all the Fenians were concentrating at Malone, a town on 
 the north side of the State of New York and near to the frontier, and that they 
 intended making a raid on St. Armand and Frelighsburg. In consequence of this 
 information several frontier corps were ordered to hold themselves in readiness for 
 immediate action, and by the end of the week all the battalions so ordered were 
 under arms. From Montreal on the Monday following this information Muir’s 
 troop of Cavalry was ordered, and they arrived at Huntingdon on Tuesday after- 
 noon. Col. Chamberlain had already gone to Missisquoi to bring out the force 
 under his command, whilst a large force was collected of the Volunteers in Montreal. 
 During the following week the streets of Montreal appeared gay with marching 
 troops and sounds of martial music from the many bands which were moving to and 
 from the execution of their military duties. Rumors were plentiful, but not until 
 H. M. G. Majesty’s Birthday following were the rumors turned into fact. The 
 celebration of the Queen’s Birthday was interrupted by a call for the Regulars and 
 Volunteers to move to the front. Word was received that the Fenians were massing 
 both at St. Alban’s and Malone, as well as in Upper Canada on the Niagara frontier, 
 and also at the Town of Prescott. St. Johns and Frelighsburg were at once well 
 garrisoned by troops from Montreal, Fort Wellington at Prescott was garrisoned by 
 the Ottawa Volunteers, and every thing was done to protect the frontier of Canada 
 from the lawless rabble. 
 
 The day after the Queen’s Birthday, viz., 25th May, a band of over two hundred 
 of these misguided men, under the command of one O’Neil, crossed the frontier and 
 entered Canada, trying to effect a lodgment at Pigeon Hill. Many hundreds of 
 Fenians were in and about St. Alban’s during this time. Also there were large 
 bodies of them arrived at Malone and elsewhere. The proclamation of General 
 Grant, the President of the United States, rather disconcerted their plans, whilst on 
 the morning of the 26th, a finely equipped little army of itself in the shape of the 
 Prince Consort’s Own Rifles ( Regulars ) of seven hundred strong, under command 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 96 
 
 Of Lord A. Russell, and accompanied by Prince Arthur, went by special train to St. 
 Johns where the Volunteers had preceded them. General Lindsay assumed com- 
 mand’of the whole. Col. Smith with a detachment of the 60th arrived at Stan- 
 bridge, and left early next morning with Col. Chamberlain’s Corps for Cooks 
 Corners, the old Fenian camping ground. When they arrived there, they found ta 
 the Homeguard was already on the spot, recruited only the day before by Col. 
 Westover and a few other loyal and spirited farmers and gentlemen living on the 
 borders, who took upon themselves the duty of defending their hearths and homes, 
 waiting the arrival of regular troops. 
 
 General Lindsay disposed of all his forces at the best available spots, but it was 
 only here that any fighting took place, as all the other bands of Fenians fled when- 
 ever they were opposed to the regular troops of Her Majesty or the Canadian Vol- 
 unteers. All along the frontier at Cook’s Corners, the Fenians had scattered their 
 arms and ammunition in their hurry, and it is supposed on good authority that over 
 a thousand men were at this time either on Canadian soil or near it in the frontier. 
 
 Disregarding the proclamation of the Government of the United States, and the 
 Marshal then there requesting him not to proceed, O’Neil with Donnelly, his second 
 in command, crossed the lines into Canada. The Homeguards were posted on the 
 hill side, about five hundred yards from the American line. On the Queen s Birth- 
 day and on the following morning they were joined by a portion of the forces under 
 Col. Smith and Lieut. -Col. Chamberlain. The whole number of the Canadian 
 troops did not here exceed seventy men, though ample reserves were in waiting at 
 points near at hand. About noon the Fenians moved onwards, and actually in a 
 body crossed the lines. The Burlington (Vt.) Company of Fenians dashed down 
 to form a skirmish line across a little brook that flowed between the combatants. 
 The moment they crossed, the Homeguards and others opened fire, one man was 
 instantly killed and others wounded. The Fenians wavered and fell back. Another 
 company tried and too receded, and it so resulted that, from the sharp firing of the 
 Canadians, no Fenian dared to approach the bridge, and all fell into confusion and a 
 stampede. In the afternoon they again attempted to cross, losing one man killed 
 and several wounded, though the actual number could never be ascertained. O’Neil 
 and the other leaders were then taken prisoners by the U. S. Marshal and driven 
 off to St. Alban’s Gaol. Thus collapsed the Fenian raid of 1870 at Cook’s Corners. 
 
 On the 21st November, 1872, the ceremony of formally presenting to the city 
 the statue of Our Gracious Majesty the Queen was performed by Lord Dufferin, the 
 Governor-General. 
 
 In 1873, Sir George E. Cartier died in London, and his funeral in Montreal was the 
 largest ever seen in the city. The expenses of his obsequies were borne by the 
 Dominion Government. 
 
 In 1875, the Guibord burial case occasioned some ill-feeling in Montreal, but by 
 the energetic action of Dr. Hingston, the Mayor, all passed off without any actual 
 disturbance. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 97 
 
 Iii November, 1878, the Marquis of Lome and the Princess Louise arrived in 
 the city. Great rejoicings showed the welcome which every one gave to the Queen's 
 daughter. 
 
 During the past ten or twelve years, the city has steadily increased, and its boun- 
 daries are extending in every direction. Among the principal items and events of 
 the past few years may be mentioned the Riel Rebellion in the North West, when 
 two Montreal regiments were sent to the scene of the uprising — the Garrison Artil- 
 lery and the 65th ; the first an English, the second a French-Canadian corps. 
 
 During the summer of 1885, the Small-Pox epidemic was of such magnitude 
 that several thousand fell victims to its scourge, the most noted being the late well- 
 known politician, Honorable Sir Francis Hincks. 
 
 The execution of Louis Riel, after the close of the Rebellion, caused great 
 excitement in Montreal, happily without any serious outbreak, although thousands 
 met on the Champ de Mars and passed condemnatory resolutions. 
 
 A great bridge, built by the C. P. Railway, has been erected at Lachine within 
 the past few years, and Lord Mount Stephen and Sir Donald Smith’s magnificent gift 
 of the Jubilee Victoria Hospital is now, at the beginning of 1892, rapidly approaching 
 completion. Some magnificent buildings of all kinds have been erected iivMontreal 
 within the past year or two ; and if the inhabitants only stand by their motto — which 
 is recorded in the title page of this History — shoulder to shoulder, their city will yet 
 be, not the seventh, as it now is, but the fourth in size of all the cities on the Ameri- 
 can Continent, when the first decade of the twentieth century has come and gone. 
 
PART II. 
 
 THE 
 
 Biographical Gazetteer of Montreal. 
 
 In the arrangement of the following Biographies there is no significance of position 
 to be attached to any one. An alphabetical list could not have been completed 
 without waiting too long on the publication of the work, seeing the Author might 
 have to wait for a sketch in the letter A or B long after he had those of M or W 
 complete. A full Index will obviate all difficulty in the matter. A little prominence 
 may have been given at the commencement of the Gazetteer, but that could not be 
 helped. What the Author has particularly striven to do is, so to place the photo- 
 engravings throughout the work, that notices of different families will follow each 
 other in succession. These engravings will add much both to the beauty and the 
 value of the Book. A few photo-engravings of Montreal Ladies are also interspersed. 
 Considerable prominence is given to the female writers and singers of Montreal, as 
 in a work of this kind they should be honorably mentioned as well as the male writers, 
 poets and savants. 
 
 In connection with these Biographies a vast amount of information, not gen- 
 erally known, will be made public, and the whole will form a galaxy of the most 
 prominent Montreal citizens, from the founding of the City in 1642 to the present 
 day. 
 
100 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 These Biographies have been either culled from various books previously printed, 
 or made up from notes given by the parties themselves to the Author. Chief 
 among the books consulted and extracted from are Morgan’s “ Celebrated Cana- 
 dians,” “ The Canadian Biographical Directory,” “ Cyclopaedia of Representative 
 Canadians,” “ Montreal, Its History and Biographical Sketches,” L. O. David’s 
 “Les Patriotes de 1837-8,” “Parliamentary Companions,” “ Histoire des Grandes 
 Families Francises,” Dr. Campbell’s “ History of St. Gabriel Church,” and Lareau’s 
 “ Literature Canadienne.” 
 
 The Author intended to print the volume in double column, but finds that 
 single column is preferable for the work. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 IOI 
 
 HON. JAMES McSHANE, M.P.P. 
 Mayor of Montreal. 
 
 The subject of our sketch is one of the few names in this Gazetteer whose birth- 
 place is Montreal. He was born in St. Joseph street, now Notre Dame, in 1834, a 
 short time after his parents, James and Ellen McShane, came from the county 
 Armagh, Ireland. His mother died a few months after he was born, of cholera, which 
 was raging here at that period. His father died but a few years ago, at the advanced 
 age of eighty-seven, after having lived some fifty-four years in this city. The Mayor 
 went to school until about fifteen years of age to Mr. Daniel Mahoney, a good old 
 Irish master, one of the leading teachers at that time, many of whose pupils have 
 since distinguished themselves, and who have held and occupied leading positions 
 all over the country. Mr. McShane afterwards finished his studies at the Sulpician 
 College, then situated on College street, but which has since been transferred to that 
 magnificent edifice on Sherbrooke street west. 
 
 He began business early in life, at about eighteen years of age, with his father, 
 who was then the most extensive cattle dealer, packer and exporter of meats in 
 Montreal. They had the contract for supplies to the Allan line and other steamers 
 coming to our port, and also supplied Her Majesty’s troops tor about four years 
 previous to their departure from Canada. 
 
 About 1870 he retired from this business, when he began operating largely (on 
 St. Francois Xavier street) in Montreal Bank and other local stocks, besides cairying 
 on an extensive business in New York stocks and in Chicago pork and grain, in which 
 business he is still engaged. In September, 1874, he, with Mr. Roddick, of Liverpool, 
 began the shipping of cattle from Canada and the United States to England, being the 
 pioneers of a trade which has grown since to such immense proportions, and which 
 is now classed amongst the largest exports of the country. He has had as many as 
 ten to fifteen steamers on the Atlantic at one time, loaded with cattle. 
 
 The honorable gentleman was an alderman of Montreal, representing St. Ann’s 
 Ward for over twenty years, and has occupied many prominent positions in the 
 City Council : chairman of City Hall and Market Committees, member of the Roads, 
 Finance and other important Committees. He is at present a member of the 
 Chicago and Montreal Boards of Trade, member of the Montreal Harbor Board, 
 director of St. Bridget’s Asylum, a governor of the Montreal General Hospital, 
 member of the Provincial Legislature for Montreal West and Centre since 1877, 
 having twice been elected by acclamation, in 1887 and 1890. In 1887, at the downfall 
 of the Conservative Government at Quebec, he was called by the Mercier Adminis- 
 tration to accept the portfolio of Minister of Public Works and Agriculture, which 
 position he held for nearly two years, but retired from it as he did not agree with a 
 
 certain element of the Cabinet. ...... 
 
 In politics Mr. McShane is a strong Liberal— one of the old school. W Inle 
 Minister of Public Works he provided and gave out immense work to the poor of 
 
102 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Quebec during the hard winters of 1887 and 1888. He is as popular in Quebec as 
 in Montreal. He is a born politician, faithful to his friends, and his popularity and 
 success are due, amongst other reasons, to that liberality of disposition which en- 
 ables him by the generosity of his acts to win the esteem of every one with whom 
 he comes in contact. It is this same trait of character which has made him so many 
 staunch friends. 
 
 He is so ready to oblige the man who has recently voted against and op- 
 posed him, that it can be instanced in thousands of cases where those who had 
 been for years ranged against, now think with and vote upon the same side as the 
 Honorable Member for Montreal Centre. In all his transactions through life his 
 word once given has never been broken, and in dealing with the people as a busi- 
 ness man, he has treated Conservative and Liberal alike. No man was kept out of 
 work on account of his politics when he appealed to him. 
 
 His reputation is not alone confined to the city of which he is chief magistrate, 
 but he is well known in England, in the United States and throughout Canada as a 
 man of broad and liberal views. He has always been an ardent and fearless cham- 
 pion for the masses, and he is, perhaps, more widely known as the “ People’s Jimmy.” 
 
 In Parliament, when Montreal’s interests were ever concerned; he has always 
 been faithful to his native city, even against his own party; and the people of Mont- 
 real, irrespective of creed or party, recognizing his ability, outspoken honesty, vigor 
 and earnestness, called upon him last year to accept the highest honor at their 
 bestowal, that of the Mayoralty. Mr. McShane, acceding to the request of his fellow- 
 citizens, came forward as a candicate for that important office, and, although opposed 
 by a powerful and popular man, Ex-Mayor Grenier, he received the largest majority 
 (nearly 6000 votes) ever given to a Montreal Mayor. 
 
 The platform he laid down when a candidate he has carried out to the very letter, 
 opposing jobbery and corruption in all departments of civic administration. Close 
 and assiduous attention to the public weal has given him a name that has come to 
 few in our midst. In his position as Mayor of Montreal he has shown himself to 
 be a liberal and gracious host to the visitors from England and the United States 
 and Canada, and in thus discharging his social duties he has done credit to his city 
 and its people. The large daily levees which he holds are an evidence of the confi- 
 dence reposed in him by all classes. The poor people go there to consult him on 
 their temporal troubles. His kindness to the distressed is characteristic, and many 
 a “ God bless you ” has been showered upon him. He has always devoted a great 
 deal of his time and attention to all charitable institutions of whatever denomi- 
 nation. His presence has conduced in a great degree to their success, and they 
 have all had occasion to remember Mayor McShane’s magnetic influence at their 
 festivities and reunions. 
 
 Mr. McShane was married twice : first in 1863 to Elizabeth Jane Darragh of 
 Montreal ; she died on 26th June, 1867, leaving one child ; and in January, 1868, he 
 married Miss Josephine Kathleen Mirom, of Plattsburg, New York, U.S.A. ; but 
 
MRS. MCvSHANE. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 103 
 
 though of Plattsburg, she has the old French blood within her veins. Mrs. McShane, 
 whose beautiful artotype is at the head of this sketch with her husband’s, is one of the 
 best known ladies in the social circles of Montreal. And there is this to be said 
 besides, that although her domestic duties are of course those of every mother and 
 housekeeper, she nevertheless never shirks from appearing publicly when her hus. 
 band has officially to appear in gatherings of all nationalities and demonstrations. 
 And of all the ladies who have, in the past, graced the position of consorts to the 
 Mayors of Montreal, none have done more, none have appeared to better advantage, 
 none have so effectually realized what a mayor's wife should be — publicly and pro- 
 fessionally — than Mrs. McShane, the accomplished wife of the present Mayor of 
 Montreal. 
 
 DE MAISONNEUVE. 
 
 Paul Chomedy De Maisonneuve was the founder of the City of Montreal in 
 1642, where he had already settled some French colonists, and was appointed Gov- 
 ernor. In 1647, he was advanced to the governorship of the whole Province, and 
 succeeded in getting M. D’Aillebout appointed in his stead, when he retired. 
 
 A pension was conferred upon him by the Seminary of Paris, in consequence o^ 
 his important services to the Church of Rome in Canada. After a lapse of nearly 
 250 years Maisonneuve appears to appeal to his fellow citizens as the founder of their 
 city. A monument is to be erected to his memory in Place d Armes, and aided too 
 by the Corporation of the City by a substantial grant. No man deserves more of 
 his countrymen than he, as the first Governor and founder of Montreal, and all 
 nationality is laid aside in the monument to be erected to the memory of him who 
 began the city and made it what it now is— the Commercial Emporium of Canada. 
 Much of the life of Maisonneuve is given in the History of Montreal, in the first 
 part of this book. He well deserves all the praise and public recognition which he 
 is about to receive from his fellow citizens on this 250th anniversary or the 5th 
 Jubilee of the foundation of Ville Marie— Montreal. 
 
 CHARLES LEMOYNE 
 
 Was the 1st Baron de Longueuil and among the very first persons born in 
 the City of Montreal, having been born in this city zoth December, 1656. On 
 account of his bravery, chivalry and life, he has received the name of “ Le MachaMe 
 de Montreal ” in allusion to the brave family of the Machabees mentioned in the 
 Apocrypha of the Bible. He distinguished himself in the war of Flanders, where he 
 immortalized Canada and especially his native city by his heroic acts and military 
 fame Returning to Montreal he became in 1706 “ Major de Montreal. In 1683 he 
 married a niece of one of the first priests of the city. He rendered such great service 
 to the Province at the siege of Quebec, 1690, where he was wounded, also in the 
 Iroquois War, that Louis XIV created him a Baron with the above title. Afterwards 
 he was successively Governor of Three Rivers in 1720 and of Montreal in 1724. 
 
 ^ 
 
 
104 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 He died 7th June, 1729, at Montreal, and he had a magnificent funeral. A true 
 Montrealer — born, died and buried in it, one of whom all succeeding citizens may 
 feel proud. 
 
 CHEVALIER DE CALLIERES. 
 
 • 
 
 Louis Hector de Callieres was a wise and prudent Governor of New France, 
 and a gallant French military officer. Originally, he came from Torigny in Normandy 
 to Canada, as a member of the Montreal Company, and afterwards became 
 Governor of this place. He exhibited great wisdom during the war, and in his 
 relations with the Iroquois, with whom he concluded a peace in 1701, at Montreal. 
 He succeeded De Frontenac in the government of the country in 1698, and con- 
 tinued to hold his appointment until 1703. 
 
 Charlevoix does not hesitate to proclaim him one of the best generals Canada 
 ever possessed under French rule. 
 
 LEMOINE D’IBERVILLE 
 
 11 Was a Canadian navigator, who began the colonization of Louisiana. Born 
 in Montreal in 1642, he died in Havana, July 9, 1706. He was one of seven 
 brothers, who were all active in Canadian affairs in the latter half of the seventeenth 
 century. He early went to sea, and distinguished himself for bravery and ability as 
 a volunteer in the midnight attack on Schenectady ; as commander of the expedition 
 which recovered Fort Nelson from the British (1686), and with it the control of the 
 Indian commerce of the region of Nelson’s river ; as a successful invader of the English 
 possessions in Newfoundland, and as a victor in naval contests (1697), in spite of 
 icebergs and a shipwreck, in Hudson’s Bay. He was reputed the most skilful naval 
 officer in the service of France, when in 1698 he was commissioned by the French 
 Government to explore the mouth of the Mississippi, which had never yet been 
 entered from the sea, and to erect a fort near it. With two frigates, two smaller 
 vessels, a company of marines, and about two hundred settlers, he set sail from 
 Rochefort, October 17, 1698 ; was welcomed at San Domingo, found Pensacola 
 preoccupied by Spaniards, and cast anchor, February 2, 1799, on the Island of 
 Massacre, near Mobile. Accompanied by his brother, Lemoine de Bienville, a 
 Franciscan, who had been a companion of La Salle, and forty-eight men, in two 
 barges, and with provisions for fifteen days, he sailed thence to seek the Mississippi, 
 which they entered 2nd March, and ascended to the village of the Bayagoulas. 
 They also visited the Oumas, among whom they found a letter written by Tonty to 
 La Salle, in 1684, and they probably reached the mouth of the Red River. Returning 
 to the bay of Biloxi, Iberville erected a fort as a testimony of French jurisdiction, 
 the command of which he entrusted to his two brothers, Sanville and Bienville. 
 He himself sailed for France, but returned when the French supremacy on the Mis- 
 sissippi was endangered by British aggression, and the French Protestant refugees 
 were seeking there an asylum after their exile from France. He again ascended the 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 *05 
 
 Mississippi (1700) as far as the country of the Nachez, while his brother explored 
 western Louisiana, crossed the Red River, and approached New Mexico. Bilious 
 fevers desolated the colonists at Biloxi ; Sanville was a victim to it, and the chief 
 command devolved on Bienville ; and when Iberville arrived with reinforcements, 
 July 22, i7or, there were but one hundred and fifty of them alive. Soon after, this 
 fortress was transferred to the western bank of Mobile river, the first European 
 settlement in Alabama. Iberville also constructed fortifications on the Island of 
 Massacre, which he named Dauphine Island, and which became the centre of the 
 colony. Attacked by the yellow fever, he escaped with broken health. In 1706, in 
 command of three vessels, he made a descent upon the English Island of Nevis, 
 which he captured ; and he died at Havana, on board of his ship, on the eve of an 
 expedition against Jamaica.” 
 
 “ Pierre Francois Xavier Charlevoix, a celebrated traveller and writer, was a 
 member of the Order of Jesuits, and was born at St. Quintin, in 1684. He was for 
 several years a missionary in America, and more particularly in Canada. On his 
 return he had a chief share in the “ Journal de Travaux ” for twenty-four years. 
 He died in 1761, greatly esteemed for his high moral character and extensive learn- 
 ing. His works are : “ Histoire et Description Genirale du Japon “ Ilistoire 
 Ghierale de Paraguay,” “ Histoire de f Isle de St. Dominique ,” “ Vie de Mere 
 Marie de V Incarnation ,” and “ Histore Generate de la Nouvelle France .” Of these, 
 the latter is the most valuable, describing his own experience, and the manners and 
 customs of native Americans. He is often quoted as a writer of good authority. 
 His style is simple and unaffected. ” 
 
 “Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil, a Lieutenant-General in the French 
 army, and Governor of New France for the space of several years. He was a brave 
 soldier, and had distinguished himself at the siege of Valenciennes. He was sent to 
 Canada as Commander of the Forces, and brought with him eight hundred men. 
 With three hundred of these he went to the relief of Montreal during the massacre 
 of Lachine, and served under De Frontenac in the grand expedition against the 
 Iroquois. In 1690, he was engaged in the defence of Quebec against the attack of 
 Admiral Phipps. Three years afterwards, he surprised and defeated La Chaudiere 
 Noir, the most terrible and cunning of the Iroquois. But he gave up the military 
 for the naval service, and in 1702, before inheriting his father’s title, he obtained a 
 seigniory, and was appointed Governor of Montreal. 
 
 “ He succeeded M. de Callieres in the government of Canada in 1703. He was 
 married at Quebec to Louise Elizabeth Joybert de Soulange, daughter of Chevalier 
 Joybert de Soulange. This marriage was viewed with dissatisfaction by the French 
 ministry, who did not wish him, nor any of their colonial governors, to ally them- 
 selves with the residents. 
 
 CHARLEVOIX. 
 
 MARQUIS DE VAUDREUIL. 
 
 
 v 
 
io 6 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 “ He displayed great activity in 1710, in the defence of Quebec — the expense 
 of which, however, was mainly borne by its inhabitants ; and he made preparation 
 for the relief of Montreal. 
 
 “After the accession of Louis XV, he effected in the colony numerous reforms, 
 which were much required, and the most important were those of improved educa- 
 tion and civilization. He died at Quebec on the 10th of October, 1725, universally 
 regretted by the people of the colony. His administration was tranquil ; and his 
 measures, whether civil or warlike, were usually crowned with success/’ 
 
 MARQUIS DE BEAUHARNOIS. 
 
 u Charles, Marquis de Beauharnois, succeeded M. de Vaudreuil in the gov- 
 ernment of New France in 1726, and held that appointment for more than twenty 
 years — a fact which goes far to prove his fitness and capacity for such a high office. 
 He was Commodo.e in the Royal Navy of France, in which he had gained distinction 
 in bygone years, and had filled some important posts besides. 
 
 “ During the long and critical period in which he exercised the gubernatorial 
 functions in Canada — although inundations and earthquakes, death, famine, war and 
 sickness prevailed and had to be contended with — the French ministry had never 
 cause either to reproach him for remissness of duty, or correct him in his general 
 administration of affairs, except once, when he took part in the quarrel between the 
 Clergy and the Chapter on the occasion of the collision of those parties relative to 
 the burial of the body of Bishop de Vallieres. 
 
 “ In consequence of the sanguinary inroads which the Outagamis were making on 
 the unprotected colonists throughout the country, he found it necessary, during the 
 early part of his administration, to give a sudden and decided check to their pro- 
 ceedings. A small army was organized, composed of the colonists, who pursued the 
 savages as far as where the City of Chicago now stands, and the Mississippi. They 
 met in with the Indians, and signally defeated them ; besides destroying their huts 
 and plantations, they indeed nearly exterminated the cruel and unrelentless red men 
 of the tribe of the Outagamis, while they avenged the death of their countrymen. It 
 was a just retribution. 
 
 “ When war was declared between England and France, and the conquest of 
 Canada and the other French colonies resolved on by the former, and when only a 
 small and feeble force was at his disposal, he fortified and strengthened the several 
 weak positions of the country, and founded the impregnable Crown Point. By his 
 representations and entreaties, he at length prevailed on the French Ministry to send 
 an expedition to recapture Cape Breton, and to drive the English from the West 
 Indies. Had this expedition been commanded by a competent and able officer, great 
 damage would certainly have been done to our sea and land forces. As it happened, 
 the French fleet was annihilated by fierce and violent storms, which the inexperienced 
 D’Auville was unable to contend against. Beauharnois was succeeded in 1746 by 
 M. de la Jonquiere.” 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 IO7 
 
 MARQUIS DE VAUDREUIL, 
 
 “ Pierre Francois, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal, was the last Governor of 
 Canada under French domination, and undoubtedly one of the best. He was a son 
 of the former Governor of New France of the same name, and was born at Quebec 
 in 1698. Having joined the military service he rose to the rank of Major in the 
 Marine Corps. In 1733 he was appointed Governor of Three Rivers, and in 1743 
 of Louisiana, in both of which situations he was greatly popular. In 1748 he suc- 
 ceeded to his father’s title; and in 1755 was elevated to the high and responsible 
 appointment of Governor of New France, — an appointment, which, if Montcalm 
 and he had acted in concert, and the former had paid more attention to the plans 
 of the latter, he would certainly have held for a much longer period than he did. The 
 jealousy — or rather, the contempt — with which Montcalm regarded M.de Vaudreuil 
 and his valuable suggestions, certainly tended, in a great measure, to hasten the 
 downfall of the French nation in America. M. de Vaudreuil ever studied the wel- 
 fare of Canada, and was devotedly attached to his sovereign. He would rather have 
 died and sacrificed all he possessed, than tarnish the glory and honor of the arms 
 of his country. He was a true Frenchman, bold and energetic in his measures, 
 and yet wise and judicious in carrying them out. This was clearly manifested when 
 he capitulated to Amherst at Montreal, notwithstanding the intention of the valorous 
 De Levis to hold out with his scanty forces to the last ; a determination which 
 De Vaudreuil saw was hopeless, and would involve the needless destruction of 
 Montreal, and the loss of many valuable lives. He therefore pursued the wisest, 
 and indeed the only course open to him, and no one can justly impeach his loyalty 
 or patriotism in so doing. 
 
 “ After his return to France he was imprisoned in the Bastille on some charges 
 preferred against him by the friends of Montcalm, but a trial before the Chatelet de 
 Paris exonerated him from these, and from all blame in his administration of the 
 affairs of Canada. He was released from imprisonment, but stripped of nearly all 
 his worldly possessions. He died in 1764.” 
 
 “ Was the last Governor of Massachusetts by the King of England. He accompanied 
 General Braddock to America, and was present when that officer was killed. In 
 1760 he was made Governor of Montreal, and in 1763 was appointed Commander- 
 in-Chief of the British Forces in North America, in succession to General Amherst. 
 In 1774 he was appointed Governor of Massachusetts, in which office he rendered 
 himself very obnoxious to the people by his arbitrary proceedings ; and in the 
 following year the Provincial Congress disqualified him from serving as Governor. 
 Soon after he returned to England, where he died in 1787.” 
 
 GENERAL THOMAS GAGE 
 
 v. 
 
( 
 
 
 io8 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL, 
 
 DUC DE LEVIS, 
 
 “ Marshal Due de Levis, although only ‘ Chevalier de Levis’ during the time 
 he fought under Montcalm in this country, held the rank of second in com- 
 mand. He was a most brave and chivalrous general, whom Garneau declares superior 
 in many respects to Montcalm; born in 1720 at the Chateau d’Anjac en Languedoc, 
 the same birthplace as Levy de Ventadour, who was Viceroy of New France in 1625. 
 He had early adopted the military profession, to which he was an honor and a credit ; 
 he energetically mastered every difficulty that lay in his way or obstructed the fulfil- 
 ment of his desire to become a perfect soldier; and the result showed how well he 
 had accomplished the task which he had imposed on himself. He took part at the 
 battle of Carillon, where he commanded the right division ; as also at Montmorenci, 
 where the French repulsed Wolfe in his endeavor to gain the fortified camp that 
 covered Quebec. He was, however, absent at Montreal when the first battle of 
 Quebec was fought; and therefore, when Montcalm fell, could not take the command. 
 This was an unfortunate circumstance for the French, as they had no one in whom 
 they could place so much confidence as in their recognized leader, De Levis ; the 
 army, consequently, fell into confusion, and the English gained the victory. At the 
 second battle of Quebec, which took place near St. Foy, and where he had gathered 
 the remnant of the French army with the ostensible purpose of wresting Quebec 
 from Murray’s hands, he commanded, and achieved a victory over Murray ; but this 
 so-called victory was not so complete as to prevent the latter from holding the 
 city. De Levis, elated by his success, still kept near Quebec until spring, when, on 
 reinforcements arriving from England, he had to beat a hasty retreat to Montreal ; 
 and even there he would have held out aganist the English until the very last, had 
 not De Vaudreuil wisely capitulated. He returned to France and again sought active 
 service. In 1762 we find him at the battle of Johannisbourg, where the Prince of 
 Cond6 obtained a signal victory over the forces of Prince Ferdinand. In 1783, the 
 Government of Artois, as a reward for his services, created him a French Marshal, 
 and in the next year, a Duke and Peer of France. He died in 1787, whilst endeavor- 
 ing to uphold the State of Arras.” 
 
 Ci Joseph Octave Plessis was the greatest man who ever occupied the Roman 
 Catholic Episcopal seat at Quebec since Francois de Laval Montmorency. M. 
 Plessis was the first Canadian Bishop who ever visited Rome, and the first ever 
 appointed by the Crown to be a member of the Legislative Council. He was born 
 at Montreal, 3rd March, 1762. He was ordained a priest at Quebec 1 ith March, 
 1786. From time to time, he was employed as Professor of Humanity, at the Col- 
 lege of St. Raphael, also as Secretary to the Bishop of Quebec and Curate of the 
 Capital. On the 6th September, 1797, he was created Coadjutor to Bishop Denault, 
 and obtained the royal acceptance through General Prescott ; but the venerable 
 
 BISHOP PLESSIS. 
 
m his relations with certain rulers. The British Government hesitated to place in 
 him that confidence which he afterwards acquired. Under Prevost, Plessis began to 
 reap the fruits of his services, and triumphed, at least partially, in the opposition 
 raised against the provincial ordinance of 1791, since Sir George Prevost acknowl- 
 edged his title of Roman Catholic Bishop of Quebec. He was called by the Crown 
 to the Legislative Council in 18 1 8, and in this honorable position he proved him- 
 self to be a loyal and patriotic Senator. In 1821, when the majority of the Legisla- 
 tive Council resolved not to concur in any bill from the Lower House, relative to the 
 Civil List, in which special items would be contained, this prelate, as well as Judo-e 
 Olivier Perrault, dissented therefrom, and declared that the said resolution was pre- 
 mature, too general, and did not contain a precise specification of the objects com- 
 prised under the head of the Civil List. This indefatigable Bishop meditated the 
 erection of all the English Colonies into one ecclesiastical province, of which Quebec 
 should be the metropolis. He left for England and Rome in 1819. In considera- 
 tion of eminent services which he had rendered to England, during the French 
 Revolution, and during the War of 1812, as Legislative Councillor, he met with a 
 kind and hearty reception from Lord Bathurst, with whom he had several interviews, 
 and was his guest at his country seat. Although he could not obtain his consent to 
 the appointment of an archbishop at Quebec, nor to that of bishops for Montreal 
 and Kingston, he was allowed district bishops at Kingston, Red River, and in the 
 Lower Province ; their bulls not only denominated them auxiliaries, but suffragans 
 to the Bishop of Quebec, and they were thus assimilated to other metropolitan 
 bishops of the first centuries of the Church, before the title of archbishop was known. 
 With respect to Nova Scotia, the Sovereign Pontiff had placed there a vicar-apostolic. 
 It was Monseigneur Edmund Burke, ex-grand vicaire to Plessis, who consecrated him 
 in 1818, prior to his departure for Europe. He returned to Quebec on the 16th 
 August, 1820, and was received with great demonstrations of respect and affection 
 by the inhabitants of Quebec. He was accompanied by the Abbe Lartigue, named 
 suffragan and auxiliary for the district of Montreal, where Monseigneur Hubert had 
 already tried to have an Episcopal See erected. He consecrated him in the ancient 
 Parochial Church in 1821. The mandate of installation, issued by Monseigneur 
 Plessis, accorded to the suffragan’s auxiliaries the same honors as to himself. He 
 died at the General Hospital in Quebec, on the 4th December, 1825, aged sixty-two 
 
 
 
 V 
 

 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 iaS“sS£S“«S5 
 
 „« ~ "'“f “f “ „ 5 pos ed il-all of one of .he chop.,, 
 
 T.U S Ch”.^ h“1r R tb a“dTZ— of marble was erec.ed near U. A 
 ma We mmb'.one .» also e'rected on .he end December, .833, m the sanctuary o 
 the’cathedml^abovc hi, tomb. The correspondence of this preiat. whtch tn ,no f 
 important, i, preserved, and a series of Latin sermon, for the unton gy- 
 
 HON. PIERRE L. PANET 
 
 December i lame .U a coadjutor second to none in ability, 
 
 ; hi family, a parent and friend, whose character was then 
 honor protection and example ; and the community an individual, whose virtue and 
 H « a a j lldge and member of the Legislature of this Province and whose 
 humanUy and Levolence in every relation of life, have entitled him to their highest 
 respect and gratitude.’ ” 
 
 A. O. BERTHELET 
 
 Was born in Montreal, 25th May, 1798, and married in 1822 Angelique, daughter of 
 M I Chaboillez, N.P., a name well-known in those days, and after whom Cha- 
 boillez Square in this city, is called. From 1839 l'e occupied himself with doing 
 works of charity. Under. the direction of Bishop Bourget (afterwards Archbis op) 
 he employed the greater part of his immense fortune in doing good to his fehow 
 men He founded the Hospice of St. Joseph for orphans, also I’As.le du Bon Pas- 
 teur With others, he greatly aided the Asile de la Providence. He founded in 
 creat part the Convent of the Sceurs de la Misencorde. His great woik was the 
 founding of the Reformatory for Boys, at a cost of $100,000, also buying a farm a 
 I onguePointe to attach it to the institution He was elected to Quebec 1 arl.ament 
 in 1832, and by LordSydenham in Special Council. He always endeavored to per- 
 form all duties of his office with honesty and precision. He was President of the 
 Committee of Pontifical Zouaves in 1868, and received the Cross of Commander of 
 the Order of Pius IX. He died 25th September, 1872, at seventy-four years of age. 
 His funeral was attended by an immense concourse of citizens; two bishops, Mon- 
 seigneur Bourget and Monseigneur Vinet, being present. 
 
 
 
GAZETTEER of MONTREAL. 
 
 Ill 
 
 LORD MOUNT STEPHEN. 
 
 George, Lord Mount Stephen, formerly Sir George Stephen, was born at Dufftown, 
 Banff. Scotland, 5th June, 1829. He commenced his business life in the town of 
 Aberdeen Afterwards he went to London, where his business education was com- 
 p.eted. In 1830, at twenty-one years of age, he came to Canada, where, in Montreal 
 he entered into arrangements with his cousin, the late William Stephen. After three 
 years, he was given a partnership in the business. The elder Mr. Stephen dyin- in 
 1862, the subject of tins sketch purchased his cousin’s interest in the business and 
 began on a large scale the manufacture of cloth. Proving highly lucrative, he with- 
 drew from the wholesale business and devoted himself entirely to manufacturing 
 He was elected a Director of the Bank of Montreal, and in 1876 was made Vice- 
 I resident. When David I orrance died, he was made President. At this time he 
 give much attention to certain railways in the Far West, and which led to his con- 
 nection with the formation and development of the Canadian Pacific Railway. In 
 1881, he was elected its President, and he richly deserved that, in 1885, the Govern- 
 ment of Canada gave him the Confederation medal. Next year, 1886, Her Majesty 
 the Queen,’ also to recognize his energy and great services in this wonderful under- 
 taking, created him a Baronet. In 1885, with Sir Donald Smith, he founded what is 
 called “ The Montreal Scholarship.” It is tenable for three years and open to all 
 residents of Montreal and its vicinity, and gives the recipient a three years’ course in 
 tiie Royal College of Music, London. But the best as well as the largest of all his 
 munificent gifts was that, also in conjunction with Sir Donald Smith, who is ever first 
 in every good cause, of the princely gift of $1,000,000, or $500,000 each, to build a 
 new hospital, to be called “The Victoria Hospital,” in commemoration of the 
 Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. 
 
 In commemoration of this munificent gift, the Queen raised him, in 1889, to the 
 high rank of a Peer of the Realm of Great Britain, and under the title of Lord 
 Mount Stephen, which is the highest mountain of the Rockies, acknowledged his 
 worth and generosity towards the citizens of Montreal in particular, and all Canada 
 in general. He married when quite a young man, but having no children, Lady 
 Mount Stephen, some years ago, adopted a Montreal little girl as her own daughter : 
 she is now married to a son of the well-known English politician, Sir Stafford 
 Northcote. and, as Lady Northcote, resides in England. His Lordship resides part 
 of the year in England and part in Montreal. The reasons of the Author why the 
 dedication of this book is given to Lord Mount Stephen show the principal events 
 of his public life, and why these honors have been showered on him. He is not an 
 old man by any means, but still energetic and active, and let us hope has many years 
 of usefulness and ease still in store for him and his most estimable lady. 
 
 Since the above short sketch of Lord Mount Stephen has been written, he has lost 
 his father. A few weeks ago, and in Montreal, the old gentleman died, full of years 
 and peace, at the advanced age of ninety-one. Little did the father think, more than 
 
1 1 2 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 sixty years ago, when looking on his boy of two years old in “ Bonnie Scotland.” 
 thaT he would live to see him a Peer of the greatest Empire ever existing tn the 
 world — a Pear of that Realm on which the sun never sets. But truth every day is 
 stranger than fiction, and it all points to the fact that what has been done in the 
 past may be accomplished in the future, and there may be some Saxon or Cel 
 Montreal at the present day who in the coming twentieth century 
 his mark (like the subject of this sketch) among the nations of the earth, and 
 Draise throughout his native land. 
 
 In the slow passage of such a large work as this through the press many events 
 take place which if possible must be either inserted in notes at the end of the volume 
 or by inserted leaflets. Not long after the death of Lord Mount Stephen s father, 
 his mother also died, and the two people, with only a short time between theirdeaths, 
 now lie peacefully in Mount Royal Cemetery. 
 
 « Where the wicked cease from troubling, 
 
 And the wearv are at rest.” 
 
 BISHOP LARTIGUE. 
 
 “ This most estimable and learned divine, J. J. Lartigue, was born at Montreal, on 
 the 20th of June, 1777. He was named by Pope Pius VII., on the 1st February, 
 1820, Bishop of Felmessa in Lycia, and suffragan bishop to the Bishop of Quebec 
 for the district of Montreal. He was consecrated in the Parochial Church of w ont- 
 real, by His Grace Bishop Plessis, on the 21st January, 1821. He labored hard 
 during 1837-8 to allay the agitated feelings of his people, and was most useful during 
 that troublous time. He died on the 16th April, 1840.” 
 
 HON. JOHN YOUNG 
 
 Was born in Ayr, Scotland, 4 th March, 1811. He taught school for some time near 
 Ayr, but in 1826 emigrated to Canada. In 1835, he entered into partnership with 
 David Torrance, of Quebec. Removing to Montreal he joined Harrison Stephens 
 in business. No man was more imbued with a love for developing Montreal than 
 John Young. In 1851, he was chosen Commissioner of Public Works, in the 
 Hincks-Morin Cabinet, and retired from ill-health in 1857. In 1872, he was elected 
 for Montreal West, for the House of Commons. In two years he gave up political 
 life and devoted himself to the interests of Montreal. He was President of the Boaid 
 of Trade, for years one of the Harbor Commissioners, and after doing as much 
 as any man had ever done for developing the growth of his adopted city, he died on 
 the 1 2th April, 1878, universally mourned by all classes of the community and city 
 which he had so greatly loved and so faithfully served. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 1 13 
 
 SIR DONALD A. SMITH. 
 
 The subject of this sketch, remarkable for his generosity and gifts to Montreal, was 
 born in Morayshire, Scotland, 1821. He came to Canada when quite a youth. 
 There is no living man so identified with the Northwest Territories of Canada and 
 the Hudson Bay Company as Sir Donald Smith. Early in life he entered the employ 
 of the Hudson Bay Company, and rose gradually from post to post till he became 
 a Director and afterwards President, Governor and Chief Commissioner of that vast 
 concern. In 1870, he was appointed an Executive Councillor of the Northwest 
 Territories and one of the Commissioners to inquire into the reasons of the insur- 
 rection of 1869—70. He has had an active life, and has been connected with the 
 Mitchell Steamship Company, the Bank of Montreal, of which he is now the 
 esteemed President, and the Railway Equipment and Stock Company. He repre- 
 sented Winnipeg from 1871 to 1874 in the Manitoba Assembly, when he resigned,, 
 in order to confine his attention to the House of Commons. He was returned for 
 Manitoba on its admission into the Union in 1871, re-elected in 1874, and again in 
 1878. At present he is the worthy member for Montreal West in the House of Com- 
 mons of Canada. 
 
 Sir Donald Smith was the last resident Governor of the Hudson Bay Company, 
 and has been greatly connected with the Canadian Pacific Railway from its com- 
 mencement. When the last spike of that celebrated railway was driven in on the 7th 
 November, 1885, at Craigallachie, B.C., Sir Donald Smith was present. His house 
 in Montreal is one of the finest private residences in the city. His munificent gifts 
 to McGill College are still fresh in the public mind, and especially that of the 
 “ Donalda College ” for women, entirely purchased and equipped by him. He is 
 justly a Governor of McGill, which he has so much benefitted. The crowning act 
 of Sir Donald’s is in conjunction with Lord Mount Stephen of their princely gift for 
 building and endowing the “ Victoria Jubilee Hospital.” 
 
 Perhaps, among all the thousands of the gifts to Her Majesty on her auspicious 
 Jubilee, none were so costly or princely as that one of Lord Mount Stephen and Sir 
 Donald Smith. The writer, when looking at the vast variety of these gifts exhibited 
 from every land and shore in the Glasgow Exposition of 1888, could not but feel 
 proud of his adopted country, Canada, and a wave of national pride passed through 
 his bosom when he looked upon the hand-made socks and mitts and the scarfs and 
 mufflers knitted by old palzied hands of “ Scottish birth and Scottish name” among 
 those gifts, and then thought of the grand Christian cosmopolitan one of the “ Jubilee 
 Hospital of Montreal.” 
 
 “ Show me thy faith by thy works.” Christ went about ever doing good. All 
 manner of disease He cured, and the man or men who devote their energy and 
 means to do the same, receive a better testimony than they who give their all to 
 advance their family and name. The great command of the Christian religion is 
 — “ to love thy neighbor as thyself.” All praise, then, to the two citizens of Montreal 
 who have so grandly exemplified these words of the Evangel. 
 
 8 
 
u 
 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 i i 4 
 
 Upon the whole, the career of Sir Donald Smith has been marked by individual 
 generosity and public gratitude, by fine abilities and the highest sense of public in- 
 tegrity and honor. May he live long to dispense his gratitude and benevolence, and 
 to°him may the declaration at last be applied, “ Well done.” 
 
 SIR JAMES CRAIG, K.C.B., 
 
 Was born at Gibraltar in 1750, where his father was both civil and military judge* 
 He chose the military profession, and, after an eventful career, was sent out to Quebec 
 as Governor-in-Chief of British America. A disease, which was incurable, rendered 
 him unable to continue longer his command, so he retired and left Canada, 19th 
 June, 1811. His name is perpetuated in Craig street, Montreal. He died January, 
 
 1812. 
 
 Christie, in his History of Canada , thus describes him 
 
 « He was of an agreeable countenance, and impressive presence, stout and rather 
 below the middle stature ; manly and dignified in deportment, but social, polite and 
 affable; positive in his opinions, and decisive in his measures. Although hasty in 
 temper, he was, like most men who are so, far from implacable ; and, as we have seen, 
 easily reconciled to those who may have incurred his displeasure. Hospitable and 
 princely in his style of living, he was also munificent in his donations to public insti- 
 tutions ; and to charitable purposes, a generous patron ; and lastly, we shall mention, 
 though not the least of his virtues, a friend to the poor and destitute, none of whom, 
 applying at his threshold, ever went away unrelieved.’ 
 
 CHIEF-JUSTICE SIR J. STUART, Bart., LL.D. 
 
 “ Sir James Stuart was the third son of Dr. John Stuart, a Clergyman of the Church 
 of England at Fort Hunter, and afterwards Rector of Kingston. Sir James was born 
 at Fort Hunter, on the Mohawk River, State of New York, on the 2nd of March, 
 1780. He went to the College at Windsor, in Nova Scotia, then the only Protestant 
 collegiate institution in British North America. Having completed the ordinary 
 course of study in that College at the unusually early age of fourteen, he became, 
 in 1749, a student-at-law with Mr. Reid, then Prothonotary of the Court of Kings 
 Bench at Montreal, with whom he remained four years. In 1798, he entered the 
 office of the late Jonathan Sewell, then Attorney-General, and afterwards Chief-Justice 
 of Lower Canada, and was called to the Bar 28th of March, 1801. Before being 
 called, however, he received |from Sir Robert Shore Milnes, Lieutenant-Governor of 
 Lower Canada, the appointment of assistant-secretary, which he retained for several 
 years, practising at the same time his profession at Quebec. 
 
 In 1805, at the early age of twenty-five, he was appointed Solicitor-General for 
 Lower Canada, and removed to Montreal, which was the usual station of the Incum- 
 bent of that office. 
 
 * 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 115 
 
 At the General Elections in 1808, he was returned to represent the county of 
 Montreal, and also the county of Buckingham, and declared his option to sit for 
 Montreal. In 1809, in consequence of some difference with the Executive, he was 
 removed from the office of Solicitor-General. He remained a member of the Assem- 
 bly until 1817, when he withdrew for a time from political life. 
 
 In December, 1822, he was sent to England as the delegate of the British 
 inhabitants of the city and county of Montreal, to advocate the re-union of Upper 
 and Lower Canada, under one legislature; and, while in England advocating that 
 measure, he was offered by the British Government the office of Attorney-General 
 for Lower Canada, which he accepted, and to which he was formally appointed in 
 1822. 
 
 In 1827, was appointed a member of the Executive Council, and elected a 
 member of the Provincial Parliament for Sorel. In March, 1831, inconsequence of 
 the part which he held it his duty to take in the political struggle of the day, he was 
 suspended from office by Lord Aylmer, the then Governor-General, which suspension 
 the Colonial Minister (Lord Goderich) thought it expedient to advise the Crown to 
 confirm, in November, 1832; but in the following month of May, after the change 
 in the administration, by which the Right Honorable Edward G. Stanley (afterwards 
 the Earl of Derby) became Secretary of State for the Colonies, Sir James received 
 from him an official communication, acknowledging in effect the injustice of the 
 decision against him, and accompanied by an offer of the office of Chief-Justice of 
 Newfoundland, which was respectfully declined. Sir James then returned to Lower 
 Canada, and resumed practice as an advocate at Quebec. 
 
 In 1838, the Earl of Durham, after completing his well-known inquiry into the 
 state of the provinces, and before leaving Quebec on his return to England, ap- 
 pointed Sir James Chief-Justice of Lower Canada, in the place of the Honorable 
 Jonathan Sewell, who retired upon a pension. 
 
 During the administration of Lord Seaton (then Sir John Colborne) he was a 
 member of the special Council of Lower Canada, and acted as Chairman of that 
 body. The incorporation of the cities of Quebec and Montreal, and a general 
 municipal system for Lower Canada, are also understood to be his work ; and his 
 talents were also made available by Lord Sydenham in preparing the act to re-unite 
 the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, and for the government of Canada, 
 passed by the British Parliament in 1840, and now forming the constitution of 
 Canada. 
 
 For his eminent public services, he was created a Baronet of the United King- 
 dom in 1840, on which occasion he selected for his motto: “ Justifies propositique 
 tenaxp which few words contain an epitome of his character. He was married in 
 1818 to the only surviving daughter of Alexander Robinson, Esquire, of Montreal, 
 and left four children, three sons, the eldest of whom inherits the baronetcy, and one 
 -daughter. His death occurred on the 14th July, I853. ,, 
 
n6 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 HON. CHIEF JUSTICE REID. 
 
 The Honorable James Reid was the nephew of John Reid, Prothopotary of 
 Montreal, who had removed from Quebec in 1780, and was one of the Trustees of 
 the McGill estate. His wife built the Reid wing of the General Hospital, and the 
 Manor House and grounds are now the Sohmer Park. He filled the judical office 
 of one of the Judges of the Court of King’s Bench, Lower Canada, for a period of 
 thirty-three years, fifteen of which he presided as Chief Justice. 
 
 Mr was admitted to the Bar in the year 1794, and in M 
 
 
 to the Bench, as one of the Puisn6 Judges. _ 
 
 In the year 1823, he was elevated to the office of Chief-Justice, and presided as 
 such on the Bench until the year 1832, when the weight of declining years warned 
 him to seek repose, and he then resigned his office. After relinquishing office, Mr 
 Reid and his family visited Europe, and, while in England, the honor of knighthood 
 was offered to him as a mark of the Royal approbation of his long and valuable ser- 
 vices ; “ but a long life of public service, and a conscientious and faithful discharge 
 of public duty, had secured to him the esteem of his fellow-citizens, and conferred 
 upon him a rank beyond the records of the Herald’s office, or the fugitive honors 
 of a title, and he declined accepting it.” He died 19th of June, 1748, aged sevent)- 
 
 nine years. 
 
 HON. JAMES McGILL. 
 
 Mr. McGill was a native of Glasgow, Scotland, and was boin in that city on the 
 6th of October, 1744. He came to this country at an early age, and immediately 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits, in which he was most successful, amassing a laige 
 and handsome fortune. He was successively a member of the Parliament of Lower 
 Canada for the City of Montreal, and member of the Legislative and Executive 
 Councils ; he was also an officer in the Militia, and rose to the high rank of Brigadier- 
 General in the War of 1812. 
 
 Mr. McGill was distinguished for his charity, his sound practical judgment and 
 his kindness of heart ; he mixed much in society, both English and French, being 
 connected with the latter by marriage, He died on the 19th December, 1813, being 
 sixty-nine years of age, in the City of Montreal, where he had resided ever since he 
 came to Canada, and where for his liberality, goodness of heart, and philanthropical 
 munificence, he left behind him a monument of his worth, having bequeathed his 
 house of Burnside and all his property and a sum of ^10, coo to found the College 
 which bears his name, which will assuredly carry his name down to posterity with 
 honor and distinction. 
 
 He married on the 2nd December, 1776, Charlotte Guillemin, daughter of Guil- 
 laume Guillemin, in his lifetime'.Councillor of the King of France, Lieutenant-General 
 of the Admiralty of Quebec, and Judge of the Court of Prerogatives. 
 
 James McGill was one of the twelve who signed the capitulation of Montreal to 
 General Montgomery on 12th November, 1775. There were six English and six 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 *17 
 
 French signers. I lie other English signers were John Porteous, Richard Huntley, 
 John Blake, Ed. W. Gray and J. Finlay. He resided at “ Burnside House,” demol- 
 ished in i860. 
 
 ABBE FERLAND. 
 
 Abbe Ferland’s reputation rests upon his literary productions, although he is at the 
 same time a distinguished ornament of the Roman Catholic Church. He is des- 
 cended from the family of Freland, formerly of Poiton, in Vendee, France, in the 
 17th century; a member of which emigrated to this country and settled on the 
 Island of Orleans, near Quebec. Here the name was changed to its present style; 
 and the father of the historian was married to a daughter of M. Lebrun De Du- 
 plessis, one of the four advocates who remained in Quebec after the Cession. M. 
 Ferland was born at Montreal on the 25th December, 1805. 
 
 In 1816, he entered the College of Nicolet, where he remained until 1823, when 
 he was admitted to Holy Orders ; served for one year as Under Secretary to Mon- 
 seigneur Plessis, and afterwards became Professor of Arts, Rhetoric and Philosophy, 
 at Nicolet. In 1828, he was admitted to the priesthood ; was Vicar, and served at 
 Riviere du Loup, and St. Roch, Quebec ; and acted as First Chaplain of the Marine 
 Hospital during the cholera of 1834. He was appointed Curate of St. Isidore ; and, 
 in the first of the same year, was appointed Curate of St. Foy, as also at Ste. Anne 
 de Beaupre, in 1 837. 
 
 In 1841, he was appointed Superintendent of students at Nicolet, and became 
 Superior of that institution in 1847. A year later, he was called upon to reside at 
 the Archiepiscopal Palace, Quebec. 
 
 In 1856, he proceeded to France, for the purpose of gathering materials for an 
 early history of Canada. In this expedition he was eminently successful ; and on 
 his return, published “ Observations on an History of Canada by l' Abbe Bras - 
 seur and subsequently, “ Notes on the Registers of Notre Dame de Quebec;” 
 “ A Voyage to Labrador afterwards the first volume of “ Courses of History of 
 Canada, from 1534 to 1633 / ” and “J Journal of a Voyage to the Coast of Gaspe ,” 
 with other narratives. 
 
 HIS GRACE ARCHBISHOP FABRE. 
 
 Edward Charles Fabre is a true Montrealer, both his father and mother having 
 also been born in this City. His father, E. R. Fabre, is well known from the benevo- 
 lence of his actions toward the families of the political offenders in 1837-1838. He 
 also was amongst the number who were incarcerated at that unhappy period. 
 After his release he devoted himself entirely to the families of his co-patriots then 
 suffering. He was connected for years with the well-known establishment of Fabre & 
 Gravel, Booksellers. In the year 1849-1850, he was the Mayor of Montreal, and 
 had to play a prominent part, as Mayor, during that eventful day in April, 1849, when 
 the Parliament Buildings were fired and burned to the ground. In the dreadful 
 
n8 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 visitation of the cholera, in 1854, he remained faithful to his post, and died on 16th 
 July in that year of this terrible disease. R. I. P. 
 
 His son was born 28th Feb., 1827, and a younger brother of His Grace is the 
 well-known Hon. Hector Fabre, who is the Canadian Representative m Pans 
 France. His sister Hortense married the late Sir George E. Cartier, Bart., and with 
 
 her of QUr sketch was educated at St. Hyacinthe College and in Issy 
 
 France. His first charge was Curate of Sorel. In 185a, he was Parish Priest of 
 Pointe Claire In 1854, he returnd to the Bishop’s Palace, was made a Canon in 1855, 
 fpTotoed Biihop of ^Gratianopolis i„ ,8„. and was conacca.ed by Arc b, shop 
 Taschereau of Quebec. In 1876, when Bishop Bourget resigned, His Grace then 
 became Bishop of Montreal, and afterwards was raised to the high and responsible 
 office of Archbishop. His Grace is much beloved by Ins people, and has admin- 
 istered the affairs of the largest and most important Diocese m Canada with marked 
 ability and judgment and great success. Long may be be spared to do so. 
 
 REV. FRANCIS FULFORD, D.D., 
 
 First Metropolitan of Canada. 
 
 Dr. Fulford was the second son of Baldwin Fulford, Esq., of Great Fulford, 
 Devon. The family is descended from William de Fulford, who held luilfoic , 
 temp Richard I. The Right Reverend Prelate was born at Sidmouth, 1803, and 
 married, in 1830, the eldest daughter of Andrew Berkeley Drummond, Esq., of 
 Cadlands, Hants, granddaughter of the second Earl of Egmond. He was educated at 
 Tiverton Grammar School, and subsequently entered Exeter College, Oxford, where 
 he graduated B.A. in 1824, and was elected a Fellow, in June, 1825 ; he received the 
 degree of D.D. in 1850 ; was Rector of Trowbridge, Wilts, from 1832 to 1842 ; 
 Rector of Croyden, Cambridgeshire, from 1842 to 1845 5 was Minister of Curzon 
 Chapel, Parish of St. George’s, Hanover Square, London, from 1845 till his consecra- 
 tion in 1850. He published a volume of sermons, and a work on “ The Progress 
 of the Reformation .” 
 
 In i860, he was appointed by royal letters patent “ Metropolitan Bishop of this 
 Province.” He did much to promote the advancement and peace of the Church, was 
 popular with all denominations, and endeared himself to all with whom he came in 
 contact. His services towards Science and Art were extremely valuable ; so much 
 so indeed that he was elected on several occasions to high offices in some of our best 
 institutions. After a most successful career, he died on the 9th Sept., 1868, univer- 
 sally regretted. A beautiful monument, which cost $5,000, has been erected to his 
 memory on the grounds of Christ’s Church Cathedral, Montreal. 
 
 
< 
 
 BISHOP BOND. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 11 9 
 
 RIGHT REV. BISHOP BOND, LL.D. 
 
 The subject of this sketch is one of the best known and oldest of our citizens. 
 He was born in Truro, Cornwall, England, in the year 1815. 
 
 He came to Canada in 1838 at a time when the country was in the throes of the 
 Canadian Rebellion. He shortly after studied for Orders, and was ordained Deacon 
 at Quebec in 1840, and advanced to the Priesthood at Montreal in 1841. His head- 
 quarters then were at Lachine, whence he travelled as a Missionary throughout the 
 greater part of the Eastern Townships. 
 
 The house in which the Bishop lived for five years at Lachine is rather of an histori- 
 cal character. It was built by John Finlay, and called then “ The Finlay House.” He 
 was the head officer of the King’s Post, and a kind of Commissary General during the 
 war of 1812. It was then one of the finest places on the Island of Montreal. Among 
 others who occupied it was the late Col. Wilgress, and then Mr. David Davidson of 
 the Bank of Montreal ; but the most noted and only living occupant at this day 
 (D. Davidson died a few weeks ago) is our own beloved Bishop, and for the 
 past forty years it has ever gone by the name of “ The Bond House.” 
 
 In 1848, he was appointed Assistant Minister to St. Gorge’s Church, Montreal. 
 Dr. Leach was then the Incumbent. After the Doctor’s resignation to give more 
 attention to his duties in McGill College, the Bishop was appointed to succeed him 
 as Incumbent. As Incumbent and Rector he remained for over thirty years. Dur- 
 ing his connection with St. George’s, he was successively Canon of Christ Church 
 Cathedral, Archdeacon of Hochelaga and Dean of Montreal. 
 
 On the 1 6th October, 1878, he was elected to the high office of Bishop of the 
 Diocese. This was occasioned by the resignation of Most Rev. Bishop Oxenden, 
 The Metropolitan, who returned to England. His consecration took place on the 25th 
 January, 1879, an d though only twelve years ago. of all the Clergy and Diocesan Dele- 
 gates then present, two-thirds are either dead or have left the Diocese for other fields of 
 labor. Of the Clergy then present nearly forty have passed away or gone to other Dio- 
 ceses, whilst amongst the Laymen who welcomed their new Bishop that day the most 
 prominent of the dead are James Hutton, C. J. Brydges,Col. Wilgress, Hon. Thos. 
 White, Sir Wm. Johnson, M. H. Sanborn, Hon. L. S. Huntington, M. H. Gault, 
 H. Spence, Charles Gibb and many others, all personal friends of the Bishop. But the 
 severest trial of all was in the sudden loss of her who had so faithfully stood by him 
 in all the changes in his career, and who died only a short time after he was elected 
 Bishop. It was decided at the election of Bishop Bond, or just before it, that the 
 office of Metropolitan should be no longer stationary in Montreal Diocese, but that 
 the longest consecrated Bishop should always be the Metropolitan, and Montreal 
 continue to be the seat of the Provincial Synod, which meets every three years, and 
 includes all the Provinces of the Dominion east of Manitoba. 
 
 The Bishop received the degree of M.A. from Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, and 
 LL.D. from McGill University, in 1877. 
 
Z) 
 
 120 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 He has always been a great friend of education, and was a member for some 
 time of the Council of Public Instruction for the Province of Quebec 
 
 He was instrumental, with the first Metropolitan, in getting the Normal School 
 (Protestant) opened in this city. At the jubilee of his ministry last year, a con- 
 siderable sum of money was presented to the Bishop, with the best wishes of his many 
 friends and admirers. He is still able to travel through his extensive diocese, an 
 annually visits every Church and Parish within its bounds. He has ruled the affairs 
 of the Diocese most successfully, and has been at all times, to his Clergy an t e 
 Laity of every Parish, not only their spiritual father, but their friend. 
 
 His sons are well known in Montreal. Col. Frank Bond for many years was 
 the genial Commander of “The Prince of Wales Rifles Regiment,” and his other 
 son, Edward-once Major in the same corps-is now an extensive Marine Insurance 
 agent in Montreal. He is a successful worker in the Temperance cause and Equal 
 Rights, and on the floor of the Synod is ever ready to uphold whatever is beneficial 
 to the Diocese, and likely to promote its welfare. He is very useful in the Societies 
 for “ The Protection of Women and Children,” and that of “ Cruelty to Animals 
 The two brothers are true Montrealers— both having been born in this city, and 
 educated in the High School and McGill University. 
 
 SIR GEORGE CARTIER, Bart. 
 
 George Etienne Cartier was bom at St. Antoine, on the Banks of the Chambly 
 River, on the 6th September, 1814. His grandfather was one of the first represen- 
 tatives of his native County of Vercheres. In 1791, the present name of Vercheres 
 was not known, the county was called Surrey. Sir George was educated at St. Sulpice 
 College, Montreal, afterward studied Law, and in 1835 was admitted to the Bar of 
 Lower Canada. The year after broke out the rebellion of 1837-38. It is needless 
 here to say that the French Canadians almost to a man supported Pa.pineau, their 
 leader, and that the family compact had much to do with the uprising. Cai tier 
 was one of those, and, as a price was set upon his head, he escaped to the United 
 States. At the close of hostilities he returned to Canada a sadder and a wiser man. 
 Papineau found him a li mastering rival.” He was first elected foi \ ercheres. in 
 184S, and continued to 1861 to represent the county, till he defeated Mr. Donon, 
 whom a writer styles il The Goliath of the Rouges in Montreal, and became the 
 member for the East District of the city. Previously, in 1856, he was Provincial 
 Secretary in the McNab-Tache Administration, and the same year succeeded Mr. 
 Drummond, Attorney General for Lower Canada. In August, 1858, he became one 
 of the Cartier-McDonald Administration. He was instrumental in getting passed 
 many prominent Acts for the better administration of the affairs of the Dominion. 
 Her Majesty, shortly after Confederation, created him a Baronet. He had much to 
 do in the project of the C. P. Railway, etc. Elections took place in 1872, and Sir 
 George was utterly overwhelmed by Mr. Jette, now Horn Justice Jett6. This 
 
 r 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 121 
 
 broke his heart. He retired to England, and shortly after died. His funeral was 
 one of the grandest ever seen in Montreal. It was a public testimony to his great 
 worth. Lady Cartier and daughter still live abroad. 
 
 SIR L. H. LAFONTAINE, Bart. 
 
 Of the history of this celebrated man we cannot say a great deal, as the space at 
 our command is very meagre. He is the descendant of Antoine Menard Lafontaine, 
 Esq., who was a member of the Parliament of Lower Canada from 1796 to 1804. 
 Sir Louis Hypolite was born at Boucherville, Canada East, in October, 1807 ; he is 
 the third son of A. M. Lafontaine (son of the former), and of Marie J. Fontaine 
 Bienvenu, his wife. 
 
 For the sketch of his career, we are indebted to the clever writer of the “ Wash - 
 ington Sketches written at the time that the Chief-Justice was at the zenith of his 
 political life : — 
 
 “ For many years M. Lafontaine applied himself to the Bar with great diligence 
 and success. He accumulated a handsome fortune and made an advantageous 
 match. It was not until he thought himself a rich enough ” that he gave much 
 attention to politics. 
 
 “ At first he was follower, then a rival, of Papineau. The latter was with the 
 parti pretre , the former led that of La jenne France , and the priests shook their 
 heads at his orthodoxy ; in fact, spoke of him as little better than an infidel. But 
 u circumstances alter cases. ” Both fled, in 1837, fr° m warrants for high treason. 
 M. Lafontaine reached England, where, not feeling himself safe, by the assistance of 
 Mr. Edward Ellice, who had the greatest single property in Canada, he escaped 
 across the channel to France. 
 
 “ More fortunate than M. Papineau, he was very soon enabled to return, there 
 in reality being no evidence against him. 
 
 “ In 1843, Lafontaine, who, after the death of Lord Sydenham, had worked 
 himself into place as the head of the French party, quarrelled with Lord Metcalfe, in 
 whom he met a man resolute as himself. The issue was taken on a general election. 
 The Tory party was then in the ascendency in Upper Canada, and, united with the 
 Moderates, out of forty-two representatives, returned all but nine, and of these three 
 doubtful. M. Lafontaine brought up his wing of the brigade gallantly ; but it was of 
 no use ; the centre and the other wing were routed. He was doomed for three years 
 to the “ cold shade of opposition/’ in which he showed great constancy and 
 industry. 
 
 “ In March, 1848, the Tory party fell. Their opponents in Upper Canada 
 gained twenty seats, saved all the French counties, and gained Montreal and three 
 English or mixed counties, giving them a majority of two- thirds of the House. M. 
 Lafontaine then resumed his old plnce, and became the virtual premier. 
 
 “ M. Lafontaine was not an eloquent speaker, his utterance being thick and 
 guttural, and his English, though good in structure, bad in pronunciation. In fact 
 
122 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 he rarely tried the latter. But he was a close and compact logician, and never lost 
 
 his temper. , 
 
 “ M. Lafontaine had a handsome countenance, of a style which much resembled 
 
 that of Napoleon, and a magnificent forehead.” 
 
 Sir Louis remained in office until October, 1851, when the Hincks-'I'ache Admin- 
 istration was formed. On the 13th August, 1853, he was elevated to the Chief- 
 justiceship of the Court of Queen’s Bench of Lower Canada, and on the 28th August, 
 1854, was created, for his eminent services, a Baronet of the United Kingdom. 
 
 Sir Louis married twice, but had no issue ; first in 1831, to Adele, only 
 daughter of A. Berthelot, Esquire, advocate, and secondly, in i860, to a widow lady 
 of Montreal. He died a few years ago. 
 
 Was bornatSt. Andrew’s, Quebec, on 12th March, 1821. His father was the late 
 Rev. Joseph Abbott, M.A., who came to Canada from England in i8i3, and settled 
 at St. Andrews. After his school days he entered McGill College, passed a brilliant 
 career and graduated B.C.L. Afterwards he studied Law, and in 1847 was ca ^ e d to 
 the Bar of Lower Canada. He has always been a standard authority on Commer- 
 cial Law. It was in 1859 he first entered politics, being the representative of 
 his native county in the old Canadian Assembly till the Union, when he was 
 returned to the House of Commons. From 1874 to 1880 he retired from public 
 life, but again represented Argenteuil. His great work was the Insolvent Act of 
 1864. For a short time in 1862 Mr. Abbott held the appointment of Solicitor- 
 General in tire Sandfield Macdonald— Sicotte Administration. Some time before 
 this he had been made a Q.C. He is the author of several important public 
 measures. For some years he has been a Senator. On the death of the late Sir John 
 A. Macdonald, he was called to form a new Cabinet, and now holds the high position 
 of Premier of Canada. His wife is a daughter of the first Dean ot Montreal — May, 
 daughter of Rev. John Bethune, D.D., and sister of our well-known citizen Strachan 
 Bethune, Esq., Q.C., Chancellor of the Diocese of Montreal. 
 
 Was born in Ontario, 1820, being the son of an officer of the Hudson Bay Company. 
 He was called to the Bar of Lower Canada in 1841. In the Trent affair he raised 
 the Regiment of the “ Chasseurs Canadiens,” and during the Fenian excitement 
 Judge Coursol was with his Regiment on the Borders of Canada. Afterwards he 
 was appointed Judge of Quarter Sessions and Police Commissioner. He is well 
 known in connection with the St. Alban’s Raiders, and his decision thereon was 
 endorsed by Lord Cairns. He was connected with the reception of the Pontifical 
 Zouave movement and was elected Mayor of Montreal in 1871. He was also 
 Director of various public Institutions, and died some years ago universally regretted. 
 
 HON. J. J. C. ABBOTT, 
 
 Premier of Canada, 
 
 C. J. COURSOL, Q.C., 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 123 
 
 SIR FRANCIS G. JOHNSON, 
 
 Chief Justice, Superior Court. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born at Oakey House, Bedfordshire, England, on 
 New Year’s day, 1817. His father was Godschall Johns .in, an officer of the 10th 
 Royal Huzzars. This Regiment was then known as the Prince of Wales Regiment. 
 His mother, Lucy Bishop, came of an historical family. She was a daughter of Sir 
 Cecil Bishop, and sister to Col. Cecil Bishop, who fell in the War of 1812-14, and 
 was buried at Niagara, where a fine monument, visited by many tourists, is still to be 
 seen. Our subject was educated at St. Omer, France, hence Sir Francis’ thorough 
 knowledge of the French language and Parisian accent. Afterwards he went to a 
 large educational establishment at Bruges, Belgium. In 1835, came t0 Canada 
 and studied Law with the late Hon. Justice Day, was called to the Bar in 1840, prac- 
 tised in Montreal, and created a Q.C. in 1846; a rapid career for one not thirty 
 years of age. It was whilst Crown-Prosecutor that the ability of the lawyer was 
 shown. His eloquence was so noted that he had few compeers at the Bar. 
 
 So thoroughly versed in legal lore was Sir Francis at this time that he held one 
 or two civil appointments. One was the Secretary of the Commission to revise the 
 Statutes of Lower Canada ; another, the Recorder of Rupert’s Land. The third was 
 the most important, being the position of Governor of Assiniboine, Manitoba, which 
 he held for four years, and returned to Montreal in 1858. 
 
 He resumed his practice in the city for seven years after his return, till June, 
 1865, when he was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court, rising gradually on the 
 Bench till he is now the Chief Justice of the Superior Court for the large and most 
 important District of Montreal. 
 
 In the year 1870, Judge Johnson was deputed by the Dominion Government to 
 act as Special Commissioner to Manitoba, and to report 011 and organize the Courts 
 of that new Province. 
 
 He was also appointed the sole Commissioner to settle the Rebellion Losses 
 claims after the first Riel uprising. He returned to Montreal in 1872, and was offered 
 the Governorship of the Province he had labored so much to bring into legal 
 existence, but as this would necessitate the resignation of his being Judge, he pre- 
 ferred his profession, and remains in it as one of its most illustrious lights. 
 
 Sir Francis has been twice married. His first wife was Mary Gates Jones, who 
 died in 1853. She was a daughter of Mr. Jones of Montreal, a partner in the once 
 famous firm of Horatio Gates &: Co., of Montreal. His second, whom he married in 
 1857, was Mary Mills, daughter of John M. Mills, of Somersetshire, England. He 
 has had six children, and though now in his 75th year, no man walks the street so 
 upright and soldier-like as himself. 
 
 His long services to his country were recognized by the Queen, and on the 24th 
 of May, 1890, the Chief Justice received the distinguished honor of Knighthood, and 
 is now known by the name of Sir Francis Johnson. May he be long spared to bear 
 this name. 
 
124 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 HON. CHIEF JUSTICE LACOSTE, D.C.L., 
 
 Court of Queen’s Bench, 
 
 Was born at Boucherville, Province of Quebec, on 12th February, 1842. His 
 father, Hon. Louis Lacoste, was a Senator of the Dominion, his mother being 
 Marie A. T. Proulx. He was educated at the College of St. Hyacinthe, and con- 
 cluded his studies at the Laval University, Quebec. He was called to the Bar of 
 Lower Canada when he had just completed his majority, being twenty-one years of 
 age in 1863, and soon found himself with a lucrative and important legal business. 
 His practice was prompt, he was an able lawyer and he was to be trusted. In 1880, 
 he was made a Q.C., and called on the 4th March, 1882, to the Legislative Council 
 of the Province of Quebec for the Division of Mille Isles. Resigning the next year, 
 he was appointed a Senator in 1884. He was called to the Speakership of the House in 
 1891. On the death of the late Chief Justice, Sir A. A. Dorion, from a number of 
 names mentioned in the papers of all kinds, the subject of our sketch was selected by 
 the Dominion Government to fill this high and important position on the Judicial y 
 Bench. That he will do so, he already has shown his ability, and even in this yet 
 short period of his incumbency has inaugurated certain reforms, much needed, and 
 thus endorsing the Government’s judgment that as Chief Justice of the Court of 
 Queen’s Bench he is the right man in the right place. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 !25 
 
 HON. JOSEPH ADOLPHE CHAPLEAU, LL.D., Q.C., 
 
 Secretary of State foc Canada, 
 
 Was born in Ste. Therese, in 1840. The ancestors of Mr. Chapleau came from 
 Old France and early settled in the Seigniory of Terrebonne. The primary education 
 of the lad was procured at the College of Terrebonne, and thence he went to that of 
 St. Hyacinthe, where he passed a brilliant curriculum. Having completed his 
 college career, he entered for the study of Law the office of Messrs. Ouimet, Morin 
 & Marchand. When the Hon. L S. Morin was called as Solicitor-General to the 
 Executive Council, Mr. Chapleau then first came into notice. His maiden speech 
 on the hustings was delivered at the town of Terrebonne, on the 25th of December, 
 1859, and his success on that occasion made him at once an important factor in that 
 celebrated campaign which resulted in the return of the Solicitor-General. In 1861, 
 he was called to the Bar, and retained by the new firm of Moreau N Ouimet, on 
 account of his legal acumen in the exciting spheres of the Criminal Courts. His first 
 case was the defence of a whole family implicated in a case of child-murder. The 
 miserable condition of the accused, the indignation of the people of the ward, where 
 the crime had been committed, and the weight of the evidence, had doomed the 
 unfortunate prisoners to certain condemnation. The young lawyer nevertheless ac- 
 cepted that unequal challenge, and after superhuman efforts saved the whole family 
 from the gallows. Since that period more than twenty prisoners accused of capital 
 offences have, nearly all successfully, been defended by the learned Criminalist, 
 whose record in the Court of Queen’s Bench has been one of the most complete in 
 the ranks of those who have given themselves specially to the practice of Criminal 
 Law in Canada. In 1873, he was made a Queen’s Counsellor, and in 1882 had the 
 high honor of being created “ Commander of the Legion of Honor of France.” The 
 year previous he had received from Rome the distinction of having been made a 
 “ Commander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great.” 
 
 However, politics had already absorbed a large portion of the young lawyer’s 
 attention and studies. From i860 to 1867 there was not an electoral contest in which 
 he did not take a most active part. On the 1st of January, 1862, he became the 
 joint proprietor and editor of 11 Le Colonisatcur ,” a tri-weekly newspaper which was 
 the centre of action of the young Conservative element during the two years of its 
 existence. At the advent of Confederation, he was found fighting for the cause 
 of Confederation. He had during the fifteen months that preceded Confederation, 
 successfully canvassed the District of Montreal, where the “ Parti National,” headed 
 by the late Mederic Lanctot, was trying to raise an anti-British movement. He was 
 elected by acclamation member of the Quebec Legislature for Terrebonne in 1867, 
 and was returned without opposition in the next General Elections of 1871. At the 
 opening of the first Provincial Parliament of Quebec he was intrusted with the task 
 of presenting the address in answer to the Speech from the Throne. As early as in 
 the session of 1868 he strongly advocated the policy of protection to Canadian 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 126 
 
 industries and the policy of railways, as being the only means of securing to this 
 Province the rank that its geographical and commercial situation in the Confedera- 
 tion entitled it to occupy. His speeches on the question of the St. Maurice and 
 Grandes Piles and the North Shore Roads are still in the memory of the Members 
 of the Assembly. He deprecated the building of wooden railroads, then the hobby 
 of the Chauveau-Dunkin Cabinet, as being a utopy with our rigorous climate. With 
 the member of Shefford at the time, Mr. Bessette, he first brought before the House 
 the question of Stipendiary Magistrates, which became an accomplished fact the 
 year after. His party recognized his services in promoting him to the Executive 
 Council when the Hon. G. Otiimet was called to reconstruct the Chauveau Cabinet 
 in February, 1873. He received then the portfolio of Solicitor-General of the Pro- 
 vince. In January, 1876, he entered the De Boucherville Government as Provincial- 
 Secretary and Registrar. He held this until the fracas of the Letellier affaii in 1878, 
 when he became the Leader of the Conservative Opposition, and was mainly instru- 
 mental in giving the death-blow to the Joly Government. When it fell, the new 
 Lieutenant-Governor, Hon. M. Robitaille, called upon Mr. Chapleau to form a new 
 Government. In this he remained Premier and Minister of Agriculture and Public 
 Works and Minister of Railways till 1882, when he was called into the Federal 
 Cabinet as Secretary of State for Canada, in the place of the late Mr. Mousseau, who 
 succeeded him as Premier of Quebec. In July, 1884, he was appointed a Commis- 
 sioner to proceed to British Columbia to investigate and report upon China inimi- 
 g ration into Canada. 
 
 In the field of letters he has been a frequent and brilliant writer, but it has always 
 been in his oratory that he has so far eclipsed all his contemporaries. He is truly a born 
 orator, and never made by the precise rules of rhetoric and belles-lettres. Eloquent, 
 fiery and fluent, with a clear musical utterance, every syllable falls on the listeners 
 ears distinct and perfect. As professor in Laval University, where he occupied the 
 chair of Criminal Law, it was right he should receive from that institution his title of 
 Doctor of Laws, and among all the titles and affixes to his name, not one is more 
 richly earned, nor does any one sound better than this one by which the writer desig- 
 nates the subject of this sketch. May he live long to be an honor to the University 
 from which he derived it, not as Premier of Quebec nor as Secretary of State for the 
 Dominion of Canada, but as a Doctor of Laws from the oldest University in British 
 North America. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 I2 7 
 
 . SIR J. W. DAWSON, F.R.G.S., C.M.G., 
 
 Principal of McGill University. 
 
 The name of this distinguished and justly celebrated savant is not unknown 
 to most of our readers. His labors in the cause of Science, History and Education 
 are calculated to give him a high place among Canadian literati . 
 
 Sir William Dawson is a native of Pictou, Nova Scotia, where he was born of a 
 good Scottish family, in October, 1820. After completing a course of study in Classics, 
 Mathematics, Physics, Mental Science, Chemistry, etc., in Pictou Academy, taking 
 lessons in Drawing and Taxidermy, and spending some time in collecting specimens 
 in Natural History, he matriculated in the University of Edinburgh, and attended 
 more especially the lectures of Professor Jameson, throughout the session of 1840-41, 
 on Mineralogy and Geology. On his return to Nova Scotia, in 1841, he travelled 
 with Sir C. Lyell, and, under his direction, he explored and described, in the “ Pro- 
 ceedings of the Geological Society of London," several points of interest regarding 
 the geology of that province. After having lectured on Botany and Geology in the 
 Academy of Pictou, and in the Dalhousie College, and having published several 
 educational works, Mr. Dawson was appointed, in 1850, Superintendent of Education 
 for Nova Scotia. In 1853, he resigned his office, and was appointed one of the 
 Directors of the new Normal School. Dr. Dawson was appointed Principal of the 
 McGill College in 1855, and had subsequently conferred on him the honorary degree 
 of LL.D. by the same University. Sir William Dawson is, moreover, a Fellow of 
 the Royal Geological Society of London, the Royal Society and a Member of the 
 Natural History Society of Montreal, and of the Canadian Institute, Toronto, Cor- 
 responding Member of the Academy of Natural Science, of Philadelphia, Fellow of 
 the American Academy of Arts and Science, and Honorary Member of the Botanical 
 Society of Canada. He has contributed several papers to the British and American 
 Associations for the promotion of the sciences. Besides the numerous essays pub- 
 lished in the Transactions of scientific bodies or in pamphlet form, he has published 
 the following works : — “ Handbook of the G eography and Natural History 
 of Nova Scotia" “ Hints to the Farmers of Nova Scotia ,” “ Acadian Geology ,” 
 “ ArchaiaP Besides these he has published a long list of works— lectures, pamphlets 
 and papers on almost every subject connected with his favorite study, Geology. Sir 
 William was awarded the Lyell Medal of the Geological Society of London for his 
 eminent discoveries in Geology. He was the first member of the Royal Society of 
 Canada. In recognition of his brilliant career and eminent qualities in Science, Her 
 Majesty honored him, in 1881, with the title of C.M.G., and in 1884 made him a 
 Knight. He has travelled in Egypt, Palestine and Syria, and published most in- 
 teresting geological observations on his tour through the Holy Land. In 1884, he 
 received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of Edinburgh. His whole 
 desire is the promotion and advancement of McGill University. The writer well 
 remembers when he first joined the College. It was then the day of small things, but 
 like the mustard seed planted firmly by his governing hand, it has increased, till 
 the literary birds of all denominations and nationalities have now, at the close of the 
 nineteenth century, come and lodged in the branches of it. 
 
128 
 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 \VM. ROBERTSON, M.D. 
 
 William Robertson was born at Kin-Drochet, his father’s estate, near Blair Athol 
 Perthshire Scotland, on the i 5 th March, 1774- After completing h,s professional 
 studies he received the appointment as Surgeon to the 49th Regiment of the Line. 
 They were ordered to Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the vessel being wrecked on he 
 voyage he had a very narrow escape for his life. At Halifax he became acquainted 
 with Id'iss Elizabeth Amelia Campbell, the daughter of Sir William Campoell, after- 
 wards Chief justice of Upper Canada, and she ultimately became his wife. 1 hey were 
 
 “ad. This union was more than blessed. Dr. Robertson ha.mg bad .wel.e 
 children Duncan, who married Grace A. Stewart, of Scotland, one daughter mar- 
 ried Ferdinand McCulloch, another became the wife of Hon . J- Pfiigman another 
 the wife of D. C. Cooper, another the wife of Dr. Wm. McDonal , w 11 s 
 became Lady Cunninghame, of Miln Craig, Ayrshire, Scotland. Dr. Robertson was 
 instrumental in founding the Medical School now merged in the Medical Faculty of 
 McGill, and he was one of the patrons of the General Hospital. After a distin- 
 guished and honorable career he died in Montreal. 
 
 CAPTAIN ROBERTSON. 
 
 Captain G. Robertson is a son of the well-known Dr. Robertson of Montreal. He 
 joined the army as late as 17th June, 1851, and in December, 1859, had been pro- 
 moted to a captaincy. He served with the 12th Regiment, in the Caff. e War 0 
 180-53, for which he received the medal, and was with the 95th Regiment at the 
 siege and fall of Sebastopol, from 26th January, 1855, for which he received the 
 medal and clasp, and was honored with the fifth class of the Medj.d.e. He also 
 served in 1858, at the siege and capture of Kotah (medal). The Gazette , in spea - 
 ing of his former services, said : “ Our citizens will join with us in expressing our 
 hearty congratulation on the honors bestowed upon him, which we cannot doubt 
 have been well earned ; ” and of him and other Canadians “ the whole country will 
 rejoice at these honors won by Canadians. 
 
 MAJOR FORSYTH. 
 
 Major G. J. Forsyth was a native of Montreal. “ He entered the military service at 
 an early age, and rose to the rank of Captain at the age of twenty-six, without the 
 aid of those influences that help others on. He served through the Eastern Cam- 
 paign of 1854-55, including the battles of Balaklava and Inkerman, siege of Sebas- 
 topol capture of the Quarries, attack on the Redan, on the 18th June (with the 
 storming column), and on the 8th September, also at Kinbourn, for which he re- 
 ceived the medal and clasps, the Sardinian medal, and was decorated with the 
 Legion of Honor by the Emperor of the French. He retired with the rank of Major 
 on the 26th December, 1856. His career testified to the valor and patriotism, of 
 the Canadians, and has been a source of honor both to himself and his country. ’ 
 
 r 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 129 
 
 HON. JOHN S. HALL, Q.C. 
 
 1 he subject of this sketch is one of the very few names in more than five hundred 
 biographical memoirs in this Gazetteer who were actually born in Montreal— “ The 
 Commercial Metropolis,” therefore, being their native city. This much can be said 
 of all those who claim Montreal, in this Gazetteer, as their birthplace, that there is 
 not one of them but has made his mark in the social, religious, legal, political or 
 mercantile phases of his native city and country. Among these names may be men- 
 tioned — besides the subject of this short sketch — Monseigneur Fabre, Archbishop of 
 Montreal ; our present Mayor, Hon. James McShane ; Joseph Duhamel, Q.C., F. \V. 
 Henshaw, G. \Y . Stephens, Hon. Judge Baby, Hon. R. Laflamme, etc., among 
 the living, and Judge Badgley, Judge McKay, Hon. Thomas White, the first Baron 
 de Longueuil, Sheriff Leblanc, Stanley C. Bagg, Benaiah Gibb, Hon. L. Renaud, Hon. 
 Justice Smith, Sir William Logan, etc., among the dead. 
 
 Mr. Hall was born in Montreal, 7th August, 1853. He was the son of John S. 
 Hall, sen., a member of the late well-known firm of Grant, Hall & Co., extensive 
 lumber merchants of this city. He was educated at Bishop’s College School, and after- 
 wards in McGill University. From this latter institution he graduated B.A.in 1874, and 
 B.C.L. in 1875. Choosing Law as his profession, after his curriculum, he was called to 
 the Bar of the Province of Quebec in January, 1876, and appointed Queen’s Counsel, 
 1887, on which occasion he was heartily congratulated by his confreres at receiving the 
 “silk ” so early in his legal career. During his incumbency as a Q.C. he has suc- 
 cessfully conducted several most important cases, and has appeared before the Privy 
 Council of England on more than one occasion. For some years he has been the 
 
 active partner of the extensive legal firm of Chapleau, Hall, Nicholls & Brown 
 
 the Hon. J. A. Chapleau, the Secretary of State for Canada, being the senior partner, 
 but taking no part in the legal work. Since ever he was called to the Bar, Mr. Hall 
 has always taken a lively interest in public affairs. It was reasonable, therefore, to 
 find that he looked to politics and the public government of his native province as 
 the arena where he could display his talents and show his administrative ability. 
 
 At the General Elections in 1887 he was returned for the Fifth Division of the 
 City of Montreal by acclamation. As a member of the Legislative Assembly he has 
 won the confidence of both sides. His tact in debate, his industry in committee 
 work and general straightforwardness have given him not only the confidence of his 
 own colleagues but the respect of his opponents. At the dismissal of the Mercier 
 Government by the Lieutenant-Governor on the 21st of last December, the new 
 Premier gave Mr. Hall the important portfolio of Treasurer of the Province, which 
 position he now retains. 
 
 Mr. Hall was. elected a member of the Corporation of McGill University in 
 1883 and re-elected in 1886. He was also President of the University Literary 
 Society in 1880 and President of the McGill Graduate Society in 1884. He has also 
 been President of the Junior Conservative Club, Montreal. 
 
 9 
 

 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 * 3 ° . , 
 
 Amn „ g „ an his legal and 
 
 S m" Hall married on Jan, . ary 3rd, ,883. Miss Brigham, of .O.rar.a, and resrdes 
 at 862 Sherbrooke street, Montreal. 
 
 JOHN REDPATH 
 
 Was born a. Earls..., See, land, in ' *"J “^“‘ThVuchtae "analtl 
 one of .he mos. snceessfnl "Ln s ness he became con- 
 
 ™ “ V - y e z 
 
 iz:zzz:i:~z^ 
 
 K 7 '?Z ta’SStS ^rememb “ d VnTommluronr .he .**. hnilding 
 rn England, but will ever be remem „ pd[r M th which he pre- 
 
 'ented to McGdl College and University. One of the daughters of John Redpath 
 married ll Dong.ll . g , the m,n„s; another, T. M. Taylor, who was one of onr 
 most efficient Insurance .Agents, and was well known in all Christian good w ork. 
 third married Hon. Georg. A. Drummond, so well known in Mon«al as , &na.or an 
 connected with the Rehnery. A fourth manned Pn*«o. B.vey of McG dl U» 
 versity ; and the fifth married C. J. Fleet, Advocate, of the firm of Messrs. Kobe 
 
 &011 ’ JohnBiedpath was for years the Chairman of the General Hospital Com- 
 mittee and President of the Mechanics’ Institute. But perhaps the most important 
 act of his was his laying the foundation of the Theological Seminary of the Pres 
 bvterians now the “ Presbyterian College,” and which has been so successful m 
 training men for the ministry of their church. He died universally lamented at h.s 
 
 house, “ Terrace Bank.” 
 
 ItON. JUSTICE FOUCHER. 
 
 “ Louis Charles Foucher was born in 1760, and died 26th December, 1829. He 
 was admitted to the Bar in 1784, and was first returned to Parliament in * 79 M« 
 member for the City of Montreal. Some time after, he was appointed Solicitor 
 General, an honor well merited by M. Foucher, else he could not have attained > 
 as in those days it was seldom conferred upon a French Canadian. Subsequently 
 he became resident Judge of Three Rivers ; and, in 1803, attained the position which 
 
 he held at his death.” 
 
 r 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 I 3 I 
 
 HON. H. \V. RYLAND, G. H. RYLAND AND W. H. RYLAND. 
 
 H. W. Ryland was born in Northampton, England, in 1770. He entered the Public 
 service at the early age of twenty-one as Assistant Paymaster-General in charge of 
 General Burgoyne and Lord Cornwallis’ armies in the first American War, in which 
 he look part and rendered important services. He accompanied his friend Sir Guy 
 Carleton (Lord Dorchester), Commander-in-Chief, to England. 
 
 In 1 7 93? when Lord Dorchester was appointed to the Government of British 
 North America, Mr. Ryland was induced by the then Prime Minister, under promises 
 which never were fulfilled, to surrender a high and lucrative office to accompany him 
 to Canada as Civil Secretary. 
 
 On Lord Dorchester’s return home Mr. Ryland continued to hold the same, 
 office under his immediate successor and several succeeding Governors. 
 
 In the year 1809 he was appointed by the Government to proceed to England 
 on a public mission, the ostensible object of which was to endeavor to get the Im- 
 perial Government to amend or suspend the Constitution to render the Government 
 independent of the people by appropriating towards it all the revenues accruing from 
 the estates of the St. Sulpicians at Montreal, and to assume the patronage exercised 
 by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Quebec to the cures or church livings in his 
 diocese. Returning to Canada no one could ascribe to him the failure of the Govern- 
 ment scheme. 
 
 The darling object of his heart was doubtless to anglicize the French Canadian 
 people. 
 
 On Sir George Prevost’s accession to the Government, Mr. Ryland gave up his 
 post of Civil Secretary and retained only that of Clerk of the Executive Council, also 
 an important appointment, which he held until his decease on the 20th July, 1838, 
 at the age of seventy-eight. 
 
 His son, the late G. H. Ryland, was the Registrar for Montreal. As a boy he 
 was intended for the navy, but entered the Civil service in 1817 as Secretary to the 
 Commission for the management of the Jesuits’ Estates. In 1821, he was appointed 
 Assistant Clerk of the Council of Lower Canada and succeeded his father as Her 
 Majesty’s Clerk of the Council, which office he afterwards on public grounds con- 
 sented to surrender, receiving under guaranty the Registrarship of Quebec, from 
 which he was transferred to Montreal. He married, in 1833, Mary Pitt, youngest 
 daughter of Lieut.-Colonel Ralph Gore and niece of Admiral Sir John Gore. His 
 second son, Warwick Hastings Ryland, is now the Registrar of Montreal West. He 
 married Miss Kaulback, of Nova Scotia. 
 
1 3 2 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 REV. JOHN BETHUNE, REV. DEAN BETHUNE, AND STRACHAN BETHUNE, Q.C. 
 
 Perhaps no English family in this city is so long and intimately connected with the 
 advance and growth of Montreal as the Bethune family. 
 
 The first mentioned, the founder of the family on this Continent, was born in 
 the Island of Skye, Scotland, in 1751. He was educated at King’s College, Aber- 
 deen, and emigrated to South Carolina before the War of Independence. Being 
 made a prisoner by the Americans, he so continued till an exchange took place, when 
 he went to Nova Scotia and resided at Halifax. After the Peace he came to Mon- 
 treal, not the only U. E. Loyalist who found his way thither. He remained in Mon- 
 treal till 1787, when he removed to Upper Canada. One reason of this removal was 
 his wish to locate on the land which as a U. E. Loyalist he had received from the 
 Government. His grant was 3,000 acres, he ranking as a military chaplain, equal to 
 a captain. He took up his residence at Williamstown and resumed his ministerial 
 work there. To show how zealously he worked during his term of office in that part 
 of Upper Canada, he baptized no less than 2,379 persons. He died 23rd September, 
 1815, universally regretted. Two of his sons and the most eminent members of his 
 family became high dignitaries in the Chur ch of England — John, the third son, being 
 the late Very Reverend the Dean of Montreal, and Alexander Neil, the fifth son, the 
 
 late Right Reverend Bishop of Toronto. 
 
 The Rev. John Bethune, D.l)., late Dean of Montreal, was born about the time 
 his father removed to Upper Canada, ordained in 1814* af id was first settled at 
 Augusta, near Brockville. In 1818, he became Rector of Christ Church, Montreal. 
 In features he very much resembled his father. An admirable portrait likeness ol the 
 Dean can be seen in the Vestry House of the Cathedral. In 1835, he was appointed 
 Principal of McGill College. J. McGill, the founder, wished the Rev. Dr. Strachan, 
 who was afterwards the first Bishop of Toronto, but the Rector of that city then, to 
 be the Principal. However, he declined, and the choice fell on the late Dean. I he 
 college question, however, not being ever satisfactorily settled, a new charter was pro- 
 cured in 1852, and the present regime of that Institution then began. From 1850, 
 when Montreal District became a separate diocese under Bishop Fulford, the Dean 
 was ever prominent in ecclesiastical affairs, and through all the changes ot chief 
 Diocesan Pastors, and meetings of both Provincial and Local Synods, he was ever 
 ready to advise and counsel what was best to be said or done. He was more than 
 once the Bishop’s Commissary during the absence of the Head of the Diocese in 
 England, and for six months before the second Bishop was elected. During his long 
 incumbency he saw great changes in the city. At one time he was the only clergy- 
 man of the Church of England in Montreal, now there are resident at this day over 
 thirty. After an honored life he died some years ago. 
 
 r 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 *33 
 
 STRACHAN BETHUNE, Q.C. 
 
 He was the eldest son of the late Very Reverend John Bethune, Dean of Montreal, 
 and was born on the 6th November, 1821. After a successful study of Law, he was 
 called to the Bar of Lower Canada, 22nd May, 1843. He was appointed Queen’s 
 Counsel on the 12th February, 1864. He is now one of the oldest members of the 
 Bar of Montreal, and has held different positions of trust in the Court House and Bar 
 from the hands of his confreres, who have always highly esteemed him for intelligence, 
 probity, and legal lore. He still continues the duties of his profession, his son being 
 associated with him in the law firm of Bethune & Bethune. For many years he has 
 been the Chancellor of the Diocese of Montreal, and, so far as I know, has never 
 missed for a quarter of a century its annual meetings, where, with his well-timed 
 remarks, he generally settles matters when they begin to appear irrational, absurd, 
 outrageous, insignificant, or trifling, as is always seen in every large body of men — 
 political, classical or national, who gather for consultation, research, advice or govern- 
 ment. His eldest daughter is married to the Ven. Archdeacon Evans of Montreal. 
 Two others are married in England. His sister married Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, now 
 the Premier of Canada, so that the sons and grandchildren of at one time the only 
 Protestant clergyman in Montreal near the close of the last century are all in respon- 
 sible phases of life ; and to the founder of the family may be applied the Biblical 
 words, “ A little one will become a thousand.” 
 
 The subject of this sketch, and from whose family of sons and daughters so many of 
 our present well-known Montreal families are descended, was born in Dunkeld, 
 Scotland, and came to Montreal very soon after the end of the American War of 
 Independence. His wife was Catherine Embury, daughter of Rev. P. Embury, the 
 pioneer clergyman of Methodism in America. 
 
 His eldest son, Daniel, a merchant on St. Paul street, was killed by an explosion 
 in 1826. His second son, John, did business both in Montreal and Quebec. From 
 him are descended Dr. Arthur Fisher one of the best known citizens of Montreal, and 
 his sons, Roswell C. Fisher, advocate, and Sydney A. Fisher, late M.P. for Brome. 
 
 The late T. W. Ritchie, Q.C., was married to a daughter of John, whose son, 
 W. F. Ritchie, advocate, is associated as partner with Leo H. Davidson, Esq., D.C.L., 
 in an extensive Law practice in this city, and his daughter has greatly distinguished 
 herself in the study of Medicine, and her career in McGill University and elsewhere 
 is a remarkable one. 
 
 The third daughter married the late John Torrance, whose family are connected 
 with that of Sir A. T. Galt, Rev. Dr. Matheson and the late Robert Esdaile. 
 
 The third son married a sister of the late William Lunn. 
 
 The son who most distinguished himself was Duncan, and by marriage became 
 connected with Mr. E. H. King, once President of the Bank of Montreal. He was 
 a Q.C. and partner of the late Justice Smith. He died in 1845. The late Judge Tor- 
 rance studied in his office, and also Judge Cross, who married his niece. 
 
 DUNCAN FISHER. 
 
134 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 SYDNEY A. FISHER, B.A. 
 
 Son of the well-known Dr. Fisher of Montreal. He was born in this city, 12th June, 
 1850. His great grandparents came from Dunkeld, Scotland. Sydney was educated 
 in the High School and McGill College, and afterwards went to Trinity College, Cam- 
 bridge, where he graduated a B.A. He has devoted himself to agricultural pursuits, 
 and is a J.P. for the District of Bedford. He was first returned to Parliament at the 
 General Elections of 1882, and re-elected at the last General Election. Retired in 
 1887, but wil1 return again when opportunity offers. He is a Liberal in politics. His 
 farm is called “ Alva Farm,” one of the finest in the Eastern To vr^l \\ s. 
 
 HON. LOUIS OLIVIER TAILLON, Q.C., 
 
 Was born at Terrebonne, 1 6th September, 1840, and educated in the College of 
 Terrebonne, in company with the Hon. J. A. Chapleau, Dr. Desjardins and his 
 brother, A. Desjardins, Esq., M. P. for Hochelaga County, Rev. L. M. Taillon, Cure 
 of St. Monique, and Rev. F. H. Leclerc. When he had completed his studies he en- 
 tered as an ecclesiastic and was Professor in the College for six years, but not wishing 
 to proceed any further in Theology, he quitted Masson College and studied Law. 
 Mr. Taillon passed successively into the offices of Messrs. Fabre, Lesage & Jett<§ ? 
 and Mr. Laflamme, and then to that of Mr. Girouard. After his admission to the 
 Bar, in November, 1865, he entered the office of the latter-named gentleman, but very 
 soon left it to enter into partnership with the late Mayor Rivard, where he remained till 
 May, 1872, when he formed a partnership with the Hon. F. X. Trudel. In 1875, 
 Mr. Taillon was returned as representative of Montreal East to the Local Par- 
 liament, and re-elected at the General Election in 1878 by acclamation ; ap- 
 pointed Speaker of the House in 1882, and Attorney General in 1884. He ever 
 advocated the interests of his country in Parliament, and in the downfall of the 
 Ross Administration at Quebec, in 1887, Mr. Taillon was called as the Premier to 
 form a Conservative Government, but the fates being against him he only held the 
 position a short time. When the Mercier Government came into power, Mr. Taillon 
 retired from politics, and directed his whole time to the duties of his profession. 
 
 Mr. Taillon was a member of the Committee which organized the grand fete of 
 <‘St. Jean Baptiste,” in 1874, and as one of the Commissioners of that day he greatly 
 contributed to its success. At the dismissal of the Mercier Government on Dec. 21st, 
 1891, he was invited by Hon. Mr. DeBoucherville to enter the new Cabinet, which 
 he has done, without portfolio. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 135 
 
 WILLIAM SCOTT. 
 
 The subject of this memoir is ushered into public life as a baker in St. Lawrence 
 street in the early years of this century. His son, Wrn. H. Scott, was a merchant 
 of St. Eustache, and a staunch rebel in 1837-8. I find his commitment in the 
 records of that time, thus: “ Committed for High Treason, William H. Scott, of 
 St. Eustache.” This was on the 19th December, 1837. After remaining some time 
 in prison he was discharged on bail, and became after the Rebellion such a loyal 
 subject that he was returned to Parliament for Two Mountains, and became ever 
 after a firm supporter of Sir Geo. E. Cartier. 
 
 Another son, James, died, when a student, from a wound received in a duel with 
 the late Sir Win. Meredith, Chief Justice of Quebec. 
 
 His three daughters will be more remembered by posterity than the sons. 
 Barbara gave $32,000 to McGill College to found the William Scott Chair of Civil 
 Engineering, and $2,000 to found a Scholarship which bears her name. Anne gave 
 $17,600 to the Trafalgar Institute when she died, January 7, 1879. Another sister, 
 Jane, only died 3rd December, 1880, aged 83, and left $2,000 to St. Gabriel Church ; 
 she was very eccentric and retired. 
 
 HON. PETER McGILL 
 
 Was born at Cree Bridge, Wigtonshire, Scotland, August, 1789. When twenty years 
 old he arrived in Montreal, fie first entered the employ of the firm of Parker, 
 Gerard, Ogilve & Co., and afterwards his firm was styled Peter McGill & Co. Per- 
 haps no man. at least no Scotchman, was ever more respected or beloved. This 
 was seen in his election as first Mayor under the new Constitution in 1840, when 
 he remained in office for three years. He was the first to form a Volunteer force, 
 which he did during the trying season of 1837. F° r the long period of twenty-six 
 years he was President of the Bank of Montreal. He was a Director of the G. T. R., 
 and Chairman of the first one ever run in Canada, viz., “The St. Lawrence and 
 Champlain.” He was President for some time of the Bible Society and Governor of 
 the General Hospital. He was appointed a member of the Legislative Council, No- 
 vember, 1832, and when the Canadas were united in 1840, he became a member of the 
 united Legislative Council. He became a member of the Executive Council under 
 Lord Elgin, but resigned because of the aspect of affairs at the Rebellion Losses 
 Bill in 1848. He became a Governor of McGill College, and Trustee of Queen’s 
 College, Kingston. After an honorable career, he died in Montreal. 
 
I3 6 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 CHARLES SMALLWOOD, M.D., LL.D. 
 
 Doctor Smallwood is entitled to rank among the most eminent scientific men which 
 this Province has produced. During the short time he resided in Canada, he con- 
 tributed much to advance the branch of science to which he chiefly devoted so much 
 of his valuable professional time and private means. 
 
 « He is an Englishman, having been born in the town of Birmingham, in the 
 year 1812 ; where he pursued his studies, graduated at University College, and 
 obtained his medical degree. He came to Canada in the year 1853, and in 1854 he 
 settled at St. Martin, Isle Jesus, where he acquired a large practice as a medical 
 practitioner, and soon after established his meteorological and electrical observatory, 
 a description of which is given in the Smithsonian Keports, 
 
 He discovered the effects of atmospheric electricity on the formation of the 
 snow crystal, and instituted extensive investigations on ozone in connection with 
 light, electricity and the effects of germination of seeds, on its development and 
 effects in disease. 
 
 In 1858, Dr. Smallwood received the honorary degree of LL.D., from McGill 
 College, and was appointed Professor of Meteorology in that University. In i860, 
 he obtained, through the liberality of the Canadian Government, a small grant for the 
 purchase of magnetic instruments, which were duly received, and observations were 
 
 commenced on the 3rd of August, 1861. 
 
 Dr. Smallwood contributed largely to the various scientific periodicals, not only 
 in this country, but also in the United States and in Europe. He is likewise the 
 author of “ Contributions to Canadian Meteorology .” The object of the whole of 
 these observations have always been directed to practical utility, with reference to 
 Medical Science, and to the health of mankind. They have been written during the 
 brief intervals which he could snatch from a very active and laborious professional 
 life, and therefore are the more valuable and interesting. 
 
 Dr. Smallwood was one of the Governors of the College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons of .Lower Canada, Member of the British Meteorological Society, of the 
 Montreal Natural History Society, of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, 
 member of the Soci6t& Met6orologique de France, of the National Institute of the 
 United States, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Natural Science o 
 Philadelphia, of the Observatoire Physique Central of St. Petersburg, and of the 
 Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux Arts of Belgium. He died 
 in 1873.” 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 J 3 7 
 
 JUDGE W. W. LYNCH, D.C.L. 
 
 We have pleasure in presenting our readers with a portrait of this popular public 
 man, whose appointment on the 5th July, 1889, t0 position of Judge of the Su- 
 perior Court of the Province of Quebec was hailed with satisfaction by the entire 
 community without regard to race, creed or politics. William Warren Lynch, who 
 had been for over twenty years engaged in political life, was born in Bedford in 
 1845, an d is thus in the prime of vigor and usefulness. He first entered the Legis- 
 lature in 1871, and though only twenty-five years old, was soon recognized as one of 
 the leaders of the Conservative party. His judgment, candor, freedom from preju- 
 dice and genial manners won him the respect of both friends and foes, and by the 
 former he was implicitly trusted as a safe guide in seasons of difficulty. His former 
 constituency (Brome) twice elected him by acclamation, and in five contests gave 
 him large majorities. On the formation of the Chapleau Government in October, 
 1879, Mr. Lynch was accepted as a fit person to represent the interests of the Pro- 
 testant minority, and he was admitted to the Cabinet as Solicitor-General, a post 
 which he held till its abolition in July, 1882. He then assumed charge of the De- 
 partment of Crown Lands, which he administered with his wonted ability and cir- 
 cumspection until the defeat of the Ross Government in January, 1887. Mr. Lynch 
 has been a member of the Bar for more than twenty-one years. He is a graduate of 
 McGill, having taken his B.C.L. and won the Elizabeth Torrance Gold Medal in 
 1868. He is also a D.C.L., honoris causa , of Lennoxville University, in which, as 
 in his alma mater , he has always taken a deep interest. He has also concerned 
 himself in common school education, and has served on the Protestant Committee of 
 the Council of Public Instruction. It was he who initiated the movement which 
 resulted successfully at the last Session of the Legislature, for the recognition of the 
 B.A. degree as sufficient, without examination, to secure admission to the study of 
 any of the learned professions. He was, after the Session of 1887, appointed by the 
 Attorney-General one of the Committee to revise the work of codifying the Statutes 
 of this Province, and later on in October, 1887, he was named by the Federal Gov- 
 ernment, in connection with Mr. Justice Burbridge and Mr. Dingman of the 
 Indian Department, a Commissioner to settle the Indian title to lands in the Town- 
 ship of Dundee, and he has always been credited with having prepared the report 
 upon which the Government finally acted, as being fair to Indians and settlers alike. 
 He has been a Queen's Counsel since 1880. Mr. Lynch’s home has always been at 
 Knowlton. In September, 1887, he removed to Montreal to practise his profession, 
 which he did there until his appointment to the Bench, in connection with J. S. 
 Archibald, Q.C.,and George G. Foster. As Judge Lynch’s patriotic spirit, firmness 
 and integrity have won him universal esteem in public life, so in social intercourse 
 he is a favorite with all classes. He is sure to do credit to the Judicial Bmch. 
 
138 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 L’ABBE VERREAU, D.I,., 
 
 Was born at L’Islet, Quebec, on the 6th September, 1828. His father was Gen a 
 Verreau, and his mother, Marie Ursule Fournier. He was educated at the Quebec 
 Seminary, and after his graduation taught for two years m that institution. A e 
 early age of twenty-one years, he went to St. Ther^se College as the Principal, which 
 position he occupied for the next eight years. In 1856, M. Verreau removed to 
 Montreal, and in 1857 he became the Principal of the Jacques Cartier Normal School 
 when it was instituted, a position he has filled to this day, a period of nearly thirty- 
 four years In 1873, the Provincial Government sent him to Europe to make 
 
 investigations there regarding Canadian History. The result of this trip was the 
 publishing of most interesting items by the Government in their Repoit on Agricu - 
 ture Principal Verreau is a Doctor of Letters and an Officer of Public Instruction, 
 France, which position was granted him by the French Government. M. Verreau 
 was ordained Priest in 1851 by Bishop Prince, and he frequently officiates, though 
 such a busy man in the Normal School. L’AbbS Verreau has written some articles 
 on Canadian History, and it is a pity for the country at large that he could not be 
 induced to partly give up his laborious work and devote himself and his splendid 
 talents to purely literary work. 
 
 HON. JUDGE MOUSSEAU, Q.C., M.P. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born at Berthier, 16th July, 1838. He was the son 
 of Louis Mousseau, and grandson of Louis Mousseau, who sat in the Quebec Assemb.y 
 as one of its members for several years. He was called to the Bar of Lower Canada 
 in i860, and early showed great aptitude in his profession, which resulted in his being 
 made, in 1873, a Queen’s Counsellor. He was one of the partners of the firm of 
 Mousseau, Chapleau & Archambault. Mr. Mousseau was well known as a political 
 writer and for the periodical press. He was one of the founders of La Coloni- 
 zateur newspaper in 1862, of L' Opinion Fublique in 1870. He is the author of 
 a pamphlet in defence of Confederation against the attacks of the Opposition. 1869, 
 which was highly thought of when it appeared. He also wrote a brochure “ Car- 
 dinal & Duquet, victimes de 1837-38.” He was first returned to Parliament for Bagot 
 County, 1870, and re-elected in 1878. He moved the expulsion, in 1879, of Lieut.- 
 Governor Letellier from office— the results of which are hardly smoothed at this day, 
 1891. He became one of the Privy Council, resigning for Hon. Mr. Chapleau, and 
 exchanging for him as the Premier of Quebec. His ministry being defeated after- 
 wards, he was elevated to the Bench and died some years ago. 
 
 n 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 139 
 
 HON. JOSEPH GIBB ROBERTSON 
 
 Was born in Stuartfield, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on the 1st January, 1820. His 
 father was the Rev. James Robertson of that place, where he had been Pastor of the 
 Congregational Church for thirty years. He afterwards resigned, and came to this 
 country in 1832, and went to Derby, Vermont, and remained there nearly four years ; 
 then came to Sherbrooke in May, 1836, and became Pastor of the Sherbrooke Congre- 
 gational Church for twenty-five years, where he died in September, 1861, full of years 
 and Christian work. 
 
 Joseph finished his education in Sherbrooke, became a merchant there, and re- 
 tired some years ago. Was for years President of the Stanstead & Sherbrooke Mutual 
 Life Insurance Company, and President of the Quebec Central Railway Company, 
 and was its principal originator, and most ardent supporter for many years. Is now, 
 and has been for many years, President of the Sherbrooke Agricultural Society. Was 
 Secretary-Treasurer of the County of Sherbrooke for the establishment of County 
 Councils, till the present system of Township Councils came into operation. Was 
 Mayor of Sherbrooke for eighteen years, and President of the Temperance League in 
 1870-71. 
 
 He was elected to the Provincial Assembly for Sherbrooke in 1867, and has 
 since then held this important position. He was appointed a member of the Exe- 
 cutive Council in 1869 in the Chauveau Cabinet as Treasurer of the Province, and 
 held that office in all for eleven years and six months, under four succeeding 
 administrations. In 1874, he was sent to England to float a loan of $4,000,000, 
 which he successfully accomplished, and on his return some two thousand citizens of 
 Sherbrooke turned out to congratulate him on his success. In 1870, he married 
 Mary, daughter of A. G, Woodward, of Sherbrooke. 
 
 The family of the Rev. Mr. Robertson has abundantly proved that they have all 
 come of a good stock. Perhaps no man in the legal fraternity of the City of Mon- 
 treal was better known in his day than Andrew Robertson, Q.C. He was one of 
 the brightest jewels in the galaxy of Montreal lawyers, and his quiet and unostentatious 
 manner secured him the respect and profound admiration and confidence of his 
 confreres. He died in March, 1880, universally lamented as an upright Christian 
 man. 
 
 Another brother, George, also in the legal profession, and partner with his 
 brother Andrew for many years in Montreal, was a successful lawyer, and much 
 esteemed by his confreres and the general public. He died in Sherbrooke, Feb- 
 ruary, 1871. 
 
 To another brother, William, can be applied much, if not all, of the encomiums 
 of his brother Andrew. He is a well-known lawyer of Montreal, and universally 
 esteemed by all shades of political opinion, and by all sorts and conditions of men. 
 He now represents one of the largest legal firms in the city. 
 
 But it is to the sister, Margaret, that I would, as a literary man myself, wish to 
 
140 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 draw attentoin. Miss Robertson is an ornament to Montreal. She is a literary 
 niche in Canada’s monuments of arts and literature. She has had wonderful success 
 in her published works in England, in the United States, as well as in Canada, and 
 no one feels more than the writer the pleasure of hearing from her agent, Mr. 
 Grafton, the well-known bookseller, that he had lately been giving her a cheque 
 for royalty on her beautiful story books, which have emanated from her fertile 
 brain and pen. The following are the names of some of her publications 
 « The Two Miss Jean Dawsons,” “ Shenac’s Love and Service,” “ By a Way which 
 She Knew Not,” “ My Friend’s Friend,” “ Janet’s Love and Service,” “ David 
 Fleming’s Forgiveness,” etc. May Canada at large, and Montreal in particular, be 
 benefitted by these moral and well-written books. Nothing she has written but 
 may be read by all. 
 
 DR. ANDREW F. HOLMES. 
 
 Dr. Holmes, ex-Dean of the Faculty of McGill College, was a most talented savant 
 as well as one of the most estimable gentlemen in this country. 
 
 In the year 1767, the father of Dr. Holmes was on his way to Canada 
 with his wife, when the vessel in which he sailed was captured by a French 
 frigate, and taken as a prize to Cadiz. There the doctor was born, and was 
 baptized at the Church of St. Jago by the name of Andrew Fernando. The family 
 reached Canada in 1801. In 1811, he was articled to the late Dr. Arnoldi, with 
 whom he studied for several years, after which he went to Edinburgh to complete 
 his studies, and thence to Paris. In 1819, he returned to Canada with the diploma 
 of M.D., and began the practice of his profession as a partner of his former patron. 
 This partnership being subsequently dissolved, he continued to practice alone up to 
 the day of his death. After his return, in 1824, with the late Drs. Caldwell and 
 Robertson, he founded the Montreal School of Medicine, known afterwards as the 
 “ Montreal Medical Institution,” which, when the University of McGill College was 
 set in operation in 1828 or 1829, was merged in the Medical Faculty of that institu- 
 tion. This school has long ranked among the foremost on this Continent, and has 
 been a boast of Montreal. Up to the year 1836 he filled the chair of Materia 
 Medica and Chemistry. In that year the duty was divided, he taking Chemistry 
 alone, which he held till 1842, when he succeeded Dr. Robertson in the chair which 
 he held up to the day of his death. At the reorganization of the Faculty in 1854, 
 he became, and continued to his death, Dean, discharging the duties of his office 
 with zeal and diligence, also holding the chair of the Theory and Practice of Medi- 
 cine. He was then the oldest professor in Canada. Dr. Holmes was also the 
 founder, with a few others, of the Natural History Society, and pursued for many 
 years the study of the natural sciences with great zeal and success, winning for him- 
 self reputation as a Naturalist, in days when students in those fields lacked the many 
 aids and incitements to diligence possessed now. His herbarium, consisting of a 
 very complete collection of the plants of Canada, was presented to the Museum of 
 the University. He died in Montreal, in September, i860. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 I 41 
 
 SIR JOSEPH HICKSON 
 
 Was born at Otterburn, Northumberland, England, in the year 1830. Starting life 
 in the offices of the North Eastern Railway of England, he left their employ as agent 
 at Carlisle. In 1851, he went into the employ of another line, where lie remained for 
 ten years, and became assistant to the General Manager. In this situation he attracted 
 the notice of Sir Ed. Watkins, who was President of the Grand Trunk Railway of 
 Canada, and who quickly appointed him to be Accountant of that road. Thus 
 he arrived in Canada in January, 1862. Shortly after he was made Secretary Treas- 
 urer of the Company. In 1874, Mr. Hickson was appointed General Manager. In 
 1861, when Mr. Hickson joined the Grand Trunk Railway,, its earnings were about 
 $4,000,000 ; when he retired in 1891, they were very near five times as much. For his 
 great ability and management Mr. Hickson was Knighted by Her Majesty in 1890. 
 Sir Joseph Hickson has well merited this honor. He is President of other roads and 
 industries. He married, in 1869, Catherine Dow, niece of the great brewer, and has six 
 children living. The position he now holds is entirely due to his honest and 
 straightforward dealings with his fellow men. As a writer says of him, “ He doe s 
 right because it is right.” 
 
 J. B. MEILLEUR, M.D., LL.D, 
 
 Jean Baptiste Meilleur was indeed one of the literati of Canada, and a gentle- 
 man of many attainments, to whose efforts we owe much of the present admirable 
 system of education in this province. Born at St. Laurent in 1796, he was educated 
 in the College of Montreal, admitted to Medicine in 1825, and returned to Parliament 
 in 1834. He was the first Superintendent of Education for Lower Canada. 
 
 At the request of Lord Durham, with the assistance of the Abbe Duchaine, he 
 conducted a polemical contest on the subject of electricity, and was engaged giving 
 lectures on the foundation of the Society of Natural History, when he was appointed 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction by Sir Charles Bagot, with the promise of that 
 Governor that the situation should not be made a political one. He made two trips 
 round Lower Canada, to obtain information as to its extension, but failed. During 
 the fifteen years and upwards that he occupied this elevated station, he contributed 
 from the funds of the department to the foundation of forty-five superior educational 
 establishments. He afterwards was Postmaster of Montreal, an office from which 
 he retired and went to reside in Quebec. 
 
 Dr. Meilleur was a member of several learned American and Canadian institu- 
 tions. His principal works are “A Treatise on the French,” 1823 ; “New English 
 Grammar,” 1854, and “ Traite sur Part expistolaire,” 1853. 
 
„ GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 142 
 
 GENERAL LORD DORCHESTER, K.B . 
 
 « The name of Dorchester deserves to be mentioned with the greatest eulogy and 
 praise for the great services he rendered Canada in the two capacities in which he 
 served her interests, as Commander-in-Chief, and as her Governor and the preserver 
 of her high destinies. 
 
 « Guy Carleton, Lord Dorchester (the Saviour of Quebec, as he is called) was the 
 descendant of an ancient and honored family, which had lived in Cornwall, England, 
 five centuries previous to the Norman conquest. He was born about the year 1725, 
 and being destined for the army, entered its ranks after completing his studies, and 
 speedily made his way onward in the service. He accompanied Wolfe’s expedition 
 to Canada, and was present at the' first and second battles on Abraham’s Plains, in 
 both of which he displayed such skill and precision in commanding the part of the 
 army under his command, as to leave no doubt on the minds of his supeiior officers 
 that he would rise to distinction in the profession he had chosen. Being, we believe, 
 specially mentioned in the despatches of both Townshend and Murray, and having 
 continued under the command of the latter, was promoted to the rank of Brigadier- 
 General. In 1767, General Murray having to proceed to England, the government 
 of the colony devolved on Carleton, who was much liked by the French Canadians 
 and the English (of whom there were then few) generally. In 1770, he proceeded to 
 England on leave of absence, and whilst there, the celebrated Quebec Act passed the 
 Houses of Parliament, and some ascribe it in a great measure to representations he 
 made to the Home Government respecting Canada, it being well known that he carried 
 home a compiled form of the French civil laws, or Coutumes de Paris , for the con- 
 sideration of the Imperial authorities. In 1774, General Carleton returned to Canada, 
 and took prompt measures to carry out the provisions of his new instructions relative 
 to the Act just passed. He had, however, little time to think or act upon this 
 matter, for the next year the Americans, having declared their independence, entered 
 Canada in large forces, with the hostile intention of wresting it from the hands of the 
 English ; but they made a sad mistake in their estimate of the man they had to deal 
 with ; brave and gallant, and of chivalrous courage, and yet perfectly cool and self- 
 possessed in the greatest and most critical moments, Carleton, although with but eight 
 hundred men at his disposal — all attempts to coax or coerce the natives to assist him 
 proving fruitless — at once took measures to prevent the meditated attack. On the 
 17th September, Montgomery, with his army, amounting to two thousand, arrived at 
 Isle-aux-Noix ; the fall of Chambly and St. Johns followed, and Carleton, in his 
 endeavor to succor the latter, received a check from a part of the Americans, near 
 Longueuil, which compelled him to retreat to Montreal. Here, anticipating the 
 intention of Montgomery to take possession of the town, he burnt and destroyed all 
 the public and valuable stores, and left the city one way, just as the American General 
 was entering at the other. During the night, he had a narrow escape from the 
 enemy, who was encamped at Sorel, and whose sentinels he had to pass in an open 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 M 3 
 
 boat ; this he accomplished with the aid of muffled oars, and arrived at Quebec on 
 the 19th November, to the great joy of the people. He hastily made the most 
 judicious arrangements in his power, for Arnold and Montgomery were advancing, 
 and expelled from the city all those he thought were disaffected, who would not 
 volunteer to defend it, and assist in strengthening the works. 
 
 “ The united forces of Montgomery and Arnold succeeded in gaining the city on the 
 4th of December, and after concocting their plans, divided their forces so as to attack 
 the city in several places; this Carleton, nowise intimidated, became cognizant of, 
 and on the Americans raising the siege, took renewed measures for the safety of the 
 place. On the 31st, Montgomery was killed; Arnold and Morgan’s forces were 
 routed at first and captured afterwards, and the remnant of the American army com- 
 pelled to retreat to some distance from the city. On being reinforced, however, 
 during the winter they made a stand for another attack on Quebec, but disease and 
 famine at last compelled them to retreat, being actually chased towards Sorel by the 
 gallant Carleton. In the spring, when the reinforcements arrived from England, he 
 possessed himself of Crown Point, and launched a fine fleet on Lake Champlain, 
 which, after several actions, completely annihilated that of the Americans. In 1777, 
 upon Burgoyne being appointed Commander-in-Chief in America, Carleton, thinking 
 that he had been slighted by the Government after his brilliant successes, at once 
 demanded his recall, and proceeded to England. His suspicions, although well- 
 founded, were, notwithstanding, unjust; for on his proceeding to England, he was 
 well received by his sovereign, who conferred upon him the honor of knighthood. 
 
 “In the year 1782, he was appointed as the successor of Sir Henry Clinton, 
 Commander-in-Chief of all His Majesty’s forces in America. He arrived at New York 
 with his commission in the beginning of May. After the treaty of peace was signed, 
 he delayed for some time the evacuation of the city, from regard to the safety of the 
 loyalists; but on November 25th, 1783, he embarked, and withdrew the British ships 
 from America. In 1786, on returning to Fngland, his grateful Sovereign was pleased 
 to raise him to the peerage as Lord Dorchester, and Parliament voted him a pension 
 of £1,000 per annum during his own life, and the lives of his wife and two elder 
 sons ; and towards the latter end of the same year, he was again appointed Governor- 
 General and Captain-General of Quebec, and Commander-in-Chief of the forces therein. 
 His re-appearance in Canada was hailed with delight by the majority of the people. 
 He continued to govern the province until 1796, and during that time did much 
 towards the welfare of the country, particularly in ameliorating the laws. 
 
 “ On his final departure, the unfeigned regret that was expressed was universal, 
 and many were the addresses presented by the inhabitants to the good old General, 
 conveying their heartfelt gratitude for all that he had done, and prayers for his eternal 
 welfare. 
 
 “ His lordship, although, it appeared, a very strict disciplinarian in the execution 
 of his duty, was as humane and kind of heart as any man that ever breathed ; indeed, 
 his kind treatment of the French Canadians during his government and of the 
 
< 
 
 , GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 144 
 
 American prisoners during the American war evinces that in the highest degree. He 
 was besides, a man of honor and a gentleman, a sincere Christian, and a devoted 
 soldier and servant of his country. He married, in 1772, Lady Maria, daughter of 
 the second Earl of Effingham, by whom he had many children. ^ His death occurred 
 on the 19th November, 1808, in the fine old age of eighty-three.” 
 
 HON. GEORGE PYKE 
 
 Was born at Halifax, N.S., 177 5 - He practised as a Barrister in Quebec, and 
 held the offices of Solicitor and Attorney-General and Advocate-General. He 
 was promoted to the Bench of Montreal about the year 1820. He delivered the 
 great judgment of the Court, maintaining the claim of the Church of England to the 
 University of McGill College, but which by mismanagement has been lost to that 
 Christian bodv. He retired about the year 1844, and went to live at his country 
 residence in the Seigniory of Vaudreuil, Hudson, which was beautifully situated on 
 the banks of the River Ottawa, and which he named “ Mount Victoria.” 
 
 He died at Hudson, 1851, aged 76, much regretted. He left three sons, viz., 
 George, for many years a chief clerk in the Prothonotary’s Office of Montreal, 
 afterwards Deputy Prothonotary, and who died in 1882. John (M. D.) who died 
 at St. Andrew’s in 1847, and James W., a clergyman of the Church of England, 
 ordained in 1841, and appointed the same year to his present charge, viz., Mission 
 of Vaudreuil. On the 18th of October, 1891, he had served fifty years— his Jubilee- 
 in the Diocese of Montreal, and fifty years in the same Parish, which no other clergy- 
 man of any denomination can say in the District of Montreal. He is now in his 
 75 th year, and has seen great changes in the country since his appointment to the 
 Mission of Vaudreuil. 
 
 HENRY HOWARD, M.D., M.R.C.S.L. Eng., 
 
 Was born in Nenagh, County Tipperary, Ireland, on the 1st December, 1815, and 
 studied medicine in Dublin under the celebrated Dr. Jacob. He took his degree in 
 London, England, in 1838, emigrating to Canada in 1842, first residing on Amherst 
 Island, afterwards in Kingston, coming to Montreal in 1845. He practised his profession 
 in Montreal till 1861, when he was appointed Superintendent of the Provincial Lunatic 
 Asylum, St. Johns, Q., which position he occupied till 1875, when he received 
 the appointment of Government Superintendent of the Longue Pointe Lunatic 
 Asylum, which position he filled until the day of his death. Dr. Howard was author 
 of several works, those most noted being “ The Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology 
 •of the Eye,” “ The Philosophy of Insanity, Crime and Responsibility,” “ The 
 Somatic Etiology of Crime,” and other works. He was an honorary member of the 
 American Association for the Cure of Inebriates, and an ex-president of the Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, being its oldest member at the time of his death. 
 •Dr. Howard was a personality in his profession and as a public man, through his 
 long public career of Superintendent of the Insane. His views on the subject of 
 
 n 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 l 45 
 
 the unbalancing of the mind were quite pronounced, and in several printed works he 
 laid down the doctrine of Moral insanity, and upheld the essential relations between 
 physical lesion and mental and moral obliquity. In his professional relations Dr. 
 Howard was highly esteemed for his old-fashioned sense of etiquette and the ob- 
 servance of the normal proprieties. In the intimacy of private life, he was a most 
 estimable man, devotedly attached to his family, and thoroughly sympathetic to a 
 wide circle of friends. The Doctor was good company, and had the gift of anec- 
 dote and broad reminiscence of men and things. He liked to recall his student days 
 in the old country, and his political adventures in Montreal, especially in the case of 
 St. Patrick’s Society, of which he was at one time one of its most honored Presidents. 
 He died at the age of seventy-two, on the 12th of October, 1887, after a life well 
 spent, and left behind him the legacy of a name honored by the public at large, and 
 beloved by his personal friends. He fought the battle of life with credit to himself, and 
 with benefit to the nation — none the less great, because his worth was what ail true 
 worth is, unassuming and modest. 
 
 LOUIS L. L. DESAULNIERS, M.D., 
 
 Was born at Yamachiche, Quebec, 16th February, 1823. He is descended from an 
 old and well-known family, three of his brothers having been Professors of Philosophy, 
 Mathematics and Theology in the Colleges of Nicolet and St. Hyacinthe. He studied 
 chiefly at Harvard University, Boston, where he graduated M.D. in 1846. Since 
 1876 he has resided in Montreal. He has been for years a member of the Council 
 of Public Instruction, is also a member of the Medical Society of Mass., U. S., and 
 for the past twenty-three years he has been one of the Inspectors of Prisons and 
 Asylums for the Province of Quebec. The writer has had now an intercourse of all 
 this time with Dr. Desaulniers, and has ever found him a gentleman both in his official 
 visitations and in private life. Through his indefatigable exertions much of the great 
 change to be seen in the condition of the criminal classes, and other better means of 
 classification, etc., are due to him, and the separation of the sexes in separate prisons 
 was finally brought about by the work and perseverance of Dr. Desaulniers and his 
 colleagues. 
 
 JOHN A. PROCTOR 
 
 Was born at Liverpool, England, in 1833, and came to Canada in 1838. For some 
 time he was a Professor in the University of Lennoxville. His poems were published 
 in the different journals of the day, but principally in the Gazette , of Montreal. 
 His “ Essays of a Ragged Philosopher” appeared in The Freeman of Sherbrooke. 
 In 1861, he published his book, “ Voices of the Night.” This work on its appearance 
 stamped him as a poet of no mean ability. He has written several other poems 
 since. 
 
 10 
 
146 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 JOSEPH MACKAY AND EDWARD MACKAY 
 
 Were the founders of the well-known dry goods firm of “ Mackay Brothers,” of 
 McGill Street. All the Mackay brothers having been born in Kildonan, Sutherland- 
 shire, Scotland, no wonder when the eldest built a home in Montreal he should 
 call it “ Kildonan,” on Sherbrooke Street. Long has it been the “ shelter ” of travel- 
 lers of every shade and section of Christianity. Ever and always are its doors open 
 to Montreal strangers, and not more so than now in the present generation of the 
 clan. Joseph came to Montreal in 1832, Edward in 1840. Nobly did they admin- 
 ister what the Lord had given them as stewards. “ The Mackay Institution” 
 will ever stand as a mark of Christian sympathy and benevolence for the poor deaf 
 and dumb. Joseph left $10,000 to the Presbyterian College at his death, which 
 occurred 2nd June, 1881. Edward was as sterling a man as his brother, at one time 
 a Director of the Bank of Montreal, and died 6th May, 1883. He added $40,000 
 to the College, and endowed the Joseph Mackay Chair of Systematic Theology in 
 the College. His nephews, Hugh, Robert, and James, have also followed their 
 11110168’ worthy examples, and endowed a Chair in memory of their Uncle Edward. 
 The firm still retains the old name, and when walking down McGill Street, the 
 eye still meets with the well-known sign of “ Mackay Brothers.” This firm has 
 been identified with all progressive measures looking toward the improvement and 
 extension of the trade of Montreal. Mackay Bros, have been important factors in 
 aiding to develop the commercial greatness of the city and make its name more 
 widely known beyond the bounds of Canada. The past record of this house is 
 perhaps the best guarantee for its future. Honorable it has been, and marked by 
 intelligence and enterprise. These have their reward in a steady and successful 
 trade. Long may it flourish as one of the old solid names of Montreal, and a 
 landmark that may not easily be obliterated. 
 

GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 r 47 
 
 Rl iV. PATRICK DOWD. 
 
 Si Father Dowd, as his parishioners love to call him, was born in the County Louth, 
 Ireland, in 1813. At an early age he evinced an ardent desire to devote himself to the 
 Church, and made his classical course at Newry. He went to Paris in 1832, when 
 he made his theological studies in the Irish College in that city ; his course was a 
 brilliant one. In 1837, May 20th, he was ordained Priest by Monseigneur Quelan, 
 Archbishop of Paris. After his ordination, he returned to Ireland where he lived 
 about ten years, six with the Archbishop of Armagh, and was President of the Dio- 
 cesan Seminary of that town for one year. 
 
 In 1847, be resolved on joining the order of St. Sulpice, and went to Paris for 
 that purpose. After spending a year in that noviciate he was admitted a member of 
 that illustrious body. He came to Montreal, 21st June, 1848, and officiated at St, 
 Patrick’s Church. When Father Connolly left St. Patrick’s, in i860, Father Dowd 
 was appointed, by the Superior, Director of the congregation, a position which he 
 retained to his death. 
 
 Shortly after his arrival he saw the necessity of an asylum for Irish orphans 
 here, and early in 1849 established one, and the same year commenced the building 
 of the present St. Patrick’s Orphan Asylum, which was opened in November, 1851. 
 
 In 1865, he established St. Bridget’s Home for the old and infirm, and the Night 
 Refuge for the destitute. In 1866-7, he erected the present commodious building 
 
 on Lagaucheti£re street for the Home and Refuge. 
 
 In 1872, he established St. Patrick’s School on St. Alexander street, opposite the 
 Church, the building is large and commodious. I his school is for girls, and is con- 
 
 ducted by the Rev. Ladies of the Congregation of Notre Dame, whose reputation as 
 educators is known all over America. Over five hundred pupils attend this school. 
 
 Besides the above Father Dowd has done much to ornament and beautify the 
 interior of St. Patrick’s Church, which next to Notre Dame is the most richly 
 
 decorated in this city. . r XT r-x 
 
 In 1866, when the dismemberment of the ancient parish of Notre Dame was 
 
 proclaimed, Father Dowd’s quick and vigilant eye saw that the congregation of 
 St Patrick’s, and the other Irish churches of this city, would suffer seriously thereby, 
 and he promptly petitioned the Holy See that the Irish Catholics of Montreal should 
 be left in the undisturbed possession of their old privileges.; his petition was 
 received and substantially granted, and their position confirmed and defined to their 
 satisfaction 
 
 In 1877, he organized the great Irish Catholic Pilgrimage to Lourdes and Rome. 
 We can all recollect the prayerful anxiety that was felt, when the vessel carrying the 
 pilgrims and their beloved Pastor was not heard of for several agonizing weeks 
 Prayers were offered in all the churches without distinction of creed, a pleasing proo 
 that we Montrealers are not so bigoted or intolerant as some would make us appear 
 When God in His great mercy was pleased to restore them to their homes and 
 friends, Father Dowd met with an enthusiastic reception, and was presented with a 
 life-size portrait of himself for the Presbytery of St. Patrick s, where no gs. 
 
143 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL- 
 
 Father Dowd has, on several occasions, been offered the highest dignities in the 
 church, but has always declined them, — twice at least having refused the mitre, 
 namely:— the Sees of Toronto and Kingston. On December 17th, 1852, he was 
 named Bishop of Canee, in partibus , and Coadjutor of Toronto, but declined, 
 preferring to remain with the St. Patrick’s congregation.” 
 
 It is impossible in this brief sketch to do full justice to the Rev. Pastor of St. 
 Patrick’s; indeed, to write his memoir in full, since he came to this city in 1848, would 
 be to write the history of the Irish Catholics of Montreal for the last fifty years, so 
 intimately has he been associated with every good and charitable work. One trait 
 of his Catholic life must be recorded, and appertaining to the Author of this Book. 
 More than a quarter of a century ago, he published a volume as a Reader for 
 schools, containing everything pertaining to British North America. His great 
 friend Father Dowd was one of the Council of Public Instruction. When the book 
 was discussed at the Council table as one of those to be the authoiized books 1 01 all 
 kinds of schools, Father Dowd firmly said : “ I will not rise from this meeting till that 
 excellent book is adopted,’’ and adopted it was ; and in the Statutes of Quebec in 
 the Education Act mention is made of this same book, and what regulation was to 
 appertain thereto in the examination of future teachers for the Province. He died 
 on the 19th December, 1891, full of years and Christian work, and his funeral was 
 one of the largest ever seen in Montreal. All denominations attended the service, 
 and showed that all nationalities were determined to do respect to the good old man. 
 
 SIR ALEXANDER GALT, G.C.M.G., 
 
 Is the youngest son of John Galt, a name not unknown both in literature and Canada, 
 as he was the author of several books and the founder of the populous and important 
 town of Galt in Ontario. The subject of this sketch was born at Chelsea, England, 
 6th September, 1817. He early came to Canada in connection with the British 
 American Land Co., and lived in Sherbrooke. In 1844, h e was appointed Commis- 
 sioner, and for twelve years after held this important position. In 1849, Mr. Galt 
 entered Parliament as the representative of Sherbrooke. Retiring from political life 
 for some years he again entered it in 1853 and once more represented Sherbrooke, 
 which he continued to do till Confederation, when the Brown-Dorion Administration 
 came to an end. Sir Edmund Head, the Governor-General, invited Mr. Galt to form a 
 new Ministry, but he declined. In the Cartier-MacDonald Government, Mr. Galt 
 accepted the position of Minister of Finance. In 1864, he became again same minister 
 in the Tach6-MacDonald Government. 
 
 In the first Dominion Government under Sir John MacDonald, he again was 
 the Minister of Finance. Not long after, he resigned and took his seat as a private 
 member of the House. In 1869, he was created a K.C. of Order St. Michael and 
 St. George. In 1872, he entered into private life. In 1880, he was appointed a High 
 Commissioner for Canada at the Court of St. James, London, with a salary of 
 $10,000 per annum and a residence, and he resigned from this in 1883. Ever since 
 he has remained in private life, but perhaps he may yet be induced to re-enter public 
 life and the troublesome arena of political warfare. Time will tell. 
 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 I49 
 
 HON. LOUIS AMABLfc JETT&, LL.D., 
 
 ) 
 
 PuiSNfc Judge of the Superior Court and President of the late Royal Commission, is 
 the son of Amable Jette, formerly a merchant at L’Assomption, and Dame Caroline 
 Gauffreau, granddaughter of a St. Dominique planter. Born on January 5, 1836, the 
 Judge received his education at L’Assomption College, where he went through a most 
 brilliant course of studies with great success. He was called to the Bar of Lower 
 Canada in 1857, an d at once took a leading position. In 1862, he married Berthe, 
 daughter of the late Toussaint Laflamme and sister of the Hon. Rodolphe Laflamme, 
 ex-Minister of Justice. For many years he has been a corresponding member of the 
 il Society de Legislation Comparee de Paris ; ” editor of the “ Revue Critique de 
 Legislation et de Jurisprudence du Canada,” and a correspondent of the “ Revue 
 de droit Internationale deGand,” Belgium. He was at various times Treasurer and 
 subsequently Batonnier of the Montreal Bar, Director of the Isolated Risk & Farmers' 
 Fire Insurance Company, of the Laurentian Railway Company, and President of the 
 Reform Association of the Parti National. For a short period in 1862-63, he was 
 editor of L'Ordre , a paper which has long since ceased to be published. His first 
 great prominence as a lawyer was in the celebrated Guibord case, when he acted as 
 Counsel for the Seminary of St. Sulpice. In 1872, at the time of the General Elec- 
 tions, he came out as the Candidate of the Liberal party in Montreal East against Sir 
 George E. Cartier, and after a hard and stubbornly fought struggle he succeeded in 
 defeating the then all powerful leader of the Conservative party by a majority of over 
 1,300 votes to the great astonishment of the entire country. He was re-elected by 
 acclamation at the General Elections which followed, and while in Parliament took 
 a leading part in the debates. In 1878, he was raised to the Superior Court by the 
 Mackenzie Administration, and he has continued to fill that position to the entire 
 satisfaction of Bench, Bar and public. In 1880, he became Professor of Civil Law in 
 Laval, and since that time has been closely connected with that Institution. He is 
 recognized as one of the most careful, learned and painstaking Judges on the 
 Bench. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 150 
 
 EDMOND LAREAU, B.C.L., 
 
 Was born at St. Gregory, Mount Johnson, Iberville, 12th March, 1848* Educated 
 at the Seminary of Ste. Marie de Monnoir. Following the profession of Law he was 
 called to the Bar of Quebec in 1870, having graduated as Bachelor of Law at the 
 University of Victoria, Cobourg. In 1874? also received the same degree from 
 McGill University. Mr. Lareau gave up much time to literature, history and 
 journalism. In 1870, he edited Le Pays , and in 1872 he assisted the National . Ke 
 wrote articles in D Opinion Publique upon the ancient French archives. In 1873, 
 he published D Histoire du Droit Canadien . But his great work was Histoire de la 
 Litterature Canadien , an important volume containing the short notices of all those 
 (with their works) who had to that date contributed to Canadian literature. After 
 this effort he devoted himself to the duties of his profession, especially as a lecturer 
 in the Faculty of Law of McGill University, and after a brilliant career died 
 in Montreal universally lamented. 
 
 ISIDORE ASCHER 
 
 Was born in 1835, Glasgow, Scotland. At the age of eight he came with his 
 parents to Canada, studied Law, was received at the Bar, and lived till 1864 in Mon- 
 treal ; afterwards he went to reside in London, England. In 1863, he published 
 a volume of poems entitled <c Voices from the Hearth.” He had a sound imagina- 
 tion, and a tone of morality runs through all his poems. 
 
 WM. FITZ HAWLEY 
 
 Was born at Laprairie, in 1804, and died at his native place in 1855. He will ever 
 be remembered from his fine poem on Quebec, found in his “ Quebec, The Harp, 
 and other Poems,” which was printed in Montreal, in 1829, — a book very rare now, 
 and, like “ Hochelaga Depicta,” costly. He received the medal for the above poem 
 from the Society for the Encouragement of Arts and Sciences in Quebec. He wrote 
 another interesting work, also very scarce, viz., “ The Unknown ; or, Lays of the 
 Forest,” in 1831. 
 
 WM. ALFRED HIMSWORTH 
 
 Was born in Montreal, 28th August, 1820. His father came from Berwick-on- 
 Tweed, Scotland. William served in the Commissariat from 1838 to 1842. He was 
 called to the Bar of Lower Canada in 1841, appointed Clerk of the Executive 
 Council in 1843, and Assistant-Clerk of the Council in 1851. He was sworn in as 
 Clerk of the Privy Council in 1872. Besides other temporary appointments he was 
 Deputy-Governor for signing Letters Patent for Dominion lands, Commissioner 
 Dedimus potestatem ; he was also a Commissioner of the Queen’s Bench for Ontario 
 and Quebec. Mr. Himsworth married, in 1844, Louise Morrison, and had two sons 
 and two daughters. He died in January, 1880. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL, 
 
 151 
 
 HENRI BENJAMIN RAINVILLE 
 
 Was born at Ste. Ang61e de Monnoir, 5th April, 1852, and is the son of Felix Rain- 
 ville, farmer, by his wife Marie Daignault. 
 
 He was educated at the College of St. Hyacinthe and Ste. Marie de Monnoir, and 
 passed a brilliant career in both. He studied Law under the late Joseph Doutre, and 
 graduated at McGill University in 1873, and admitted to the Bar, 14th January, 1874. 
 
 He practised for some years with his brother, the late Hon. H. F. Rainville, 
 Judge of the Superior Court, and is now the head of the extensive Legal firm of 
 Rainville, Archambault & Gervais. 
 
 He was elected Alderman of Montreal, for the Centre Ward, 1st March, 1882, 
 and has always been re-elected since, and has been Chairman of the Light Com- 
 mittee for the last six years. 
 
 Was for three years (1884-1887) a member of the Board of Roman Catholic 
 School Commissioners of Montreal. 
 
 He was returned to the Provincial Legislature for Montreal, Division No. 3, in 
 June, 1890, and has ever since secured the respect and confidence of his constituents. 
 
 He married, 18th July, 1876, Eugenie Archambault, daughter of the late Alex- 
 andre Archambault, who represented L’Assomption County, under the Union, from 
 1861 to 1863. 
 
x 52 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 LIEUT.-COLONEL JOHN MACPHERSON 
 
 ^ as born in Glengarry, 8th January, 1830. Was for some years in business in 
 Montreal. In 1840, he received a commission in the 3rd Battalion Mounted 
 Militia, and in 1856, organized the first Highland company in the Province of 
 Quebec. He was, in 1861, promoted to the rank of Major, and appointed Brigade 
 Major to the Active Forces then in Montreal. The following year he was made 
 Brigade Major of Military District No. 11. He became a Lieut. -Colonel in the 
 Militia in 1865. In this capacity he served with General Lindsay on his staff at 
 Montieal during the Fenian troubles in 1866. This year he was appointed D.A.G. 
 commanding district No. 3, Ontario. In 1870, he was appointed Acting-Superinten- 
 dent of Military Schools in the Dominion, until the threatened Fenian troubles in 
 April of that year, when he was again appointed to the staff of General Lindsay, as 
 Assistant Adjutant-General, and assumed command of the Active Militia Brigades 
 concentrated in Montreal ; acccompanied the stafT of H. R. H. Prince Arthur to the 
 front both on the Missisquoi and Huntingdon frontiers. On the termination of this 
 service, he joined the staff at headquarters, and for some time acted as Deputy to 
 the Minister of Militia and Defence and as Accountant to the Department. He was 
 appointed to his present situation of Director of Stores and Keeper of Militia 
 Properties in 1880. 
 
 DOUGLAS BRYMNER. 
 
 1 he subject of this sketch was born in Greenock, Scotland, in 1823, where his family 
 had been long and favorably known. He came out to Canada in 1857 , and began farm- 
 ing in the Eastern Townships, at Melbourne. This did not suit the ideas and feelings 
 of the young Scotsman. The proprietors of the Montreal Herald (who were then 
 Messrs. Penny, Wilson & Stewart) soon found him out, and discovered that Douglas 
 was far better fitted to guide a pen than a plough, and so it happened that he was shortly 
 after placed on the staff of their paper. Mr. Brymner was then appointed editor of the 
 resbyterian. Thts was then, as now, the mouthpiece and organ of the Presbyterian 
 Church in Canada. He continued connected with this paper till he removed to 
 Ottawa, where he was appointed Archivist to the Dominion Government. Here he is 
 m ns native element, and Canada has much indeed to be thankful for when such a 
 man undertakes the mighty task of classifying, arranging and docketing her archives 
 and records of the past two hundred years. Whilst the work lasts, his annual volume 
 which he produces shows the character of the undertaking and the laborious nature 
 the charge. Long may he be spared so that all the remaining records be also as 
 sys ematica ly arranged. The result of his investigations into these old records has 
 been the publicity of a vast amount of knowledge which otherwise would never have 
 been known to the public, and which is of so much value to all historians. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 153 
 
 HON. FRANCIS EDWARD GILMAN, LL.D., 
 
 Comes from an old English family. His ancestors came from Hingham, England, 
 and settled in Hingham, Mass., in the year 1638. His great-grandfather, Israel, 
 served in the Revolutionary War and died in 1778. His son Israel, after the close 
 of the war, came to Canada with other U. E. Loyalists and settled in the Eastern 
 Townships at Melbourne, in the Province of Quebec. His father, Stephen M. 
 Gilman, was born in Melbourne, in the Eastern Townships, where he lived and 
 brought up a family of six boys. The subject of the present sketch was his second 
 son, born at Granville, in the County of Richmond, on the nth April, 1842. Was 
 educated at St. Francis College, Richmond, and McGill University, Montreal, where 
 he graduated, taking the University Degrees of B.A. in 1862, M.A. in 1865, B.C.L. 
 in 1866, and LL.D. in 1877. Was called to the Bar of Lower Canada, at Montreal, 
 in 1865, and commenced the practice of his profession there. 
 
 Mr. Gilman was married in May, 1866, to Amelia M., second daughter of the 
 late George W. Weaver. Has always resided in Montreal, and taken an active 
 interest in educational work and municipal government. He represented St. Antoine 
 Ward in the City Council for a number of years, and was Chairman of the Police 
 Committee. While in the City Council, in the year 1880, he was requested to 
 represent the City, and attended a grand celebration of the 250th Anniversary of the 
 Settlement of Boston, Mass., at which were present representatives from all the 
 cities in America, and subsequently he attended the Sesquicentennial at the City of 
 Baltimore, as representative of Montreal. 
 
 He is a Life Governor of the Montreal General Hospital, the Western Hospital, 
 the Mechanics’ Institute, and various other institutes and organizations in Montreal. 
 Mr. Gilman has always been a Liberal in politics. He was an unsuccessful candidate 
 for the County of Argenteuil in the Legislative Assembly at the General Elections in 
 1882. Was appointed to represent Wellington Division (his native county) in the 
 Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec, 1887, which he still continues to 
 represent. Was the first to introduce a measure in the Legislature to permit parties 
 to a civil suit to testify in their own behalf; was the first to introduce a measure 
 for Compulsory Voting and for the Abolition of the Legislative Council. His family 
 consists of wife and two sons. 
 
x 54 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ( 
 
 ALEXANDER MILTON ROSS, M.D. 
 
 « This eminent Canadian philanthropist, scientist and author has had a career of 
 striking interest. He was born on December 13th, 1832, in Belleville, On- 
 tario. His father, William Ross, was a grandson of Captain Alexander Ross, an 
 officer of General Wolfe's army of invasion. Captain Alexander Ross took part m 
 the battle on the Plains of Abraham, which resulted in the defeat of the French and 
 the conquest of all Canada. He subsequently received a grant of land from the Crown 
 and settled in Prince Edward County, Upper Canada, where he lived until his death, 
 which occurred in 1805. Captain Alexander Ross was grandson of Alexander 
 Ross, laird of Balnagown, Ross-shire Scotland, who descended in a direct line from 
 Hugh Ross, of Bariches, second son of Hugh, the sixth and last Earl of Ross, of the 
 old family. Dr. Ross’ grandmother, on his father s side, was Hannah Prudence 
 Williams, a descendant of Roger Williams [1595-1683], the famous liberal preacher 
 and apostle of freedom, of Rhode Island. His mother, Frederika Grant, was the 
 youngest daughter of John Grant of the British Army, who died from wounds re- 
 ceived at Niagara, in the War of 1812-14. His maternal grandmother was Mary 
 Jenks, a daughter of Joseph Jenks, Colonial Governor of Rhode Island. Governor 
 
 Jenks’ has left a famous record of public services. He was Speaker of the House of 
 Representatives of Rhode Island, from October, 1698 to 1708 ; Deputy Governor 
 from May, 1715, to May, 1727 ; Governor from May, 1727,10 May, 1732. He was 
 a staunch and persistent friend and advocate of political and religious liberty. In 
 his boyhood Dr. Ross made his way to New York city, and after struggling with 
 many adversities, became a compositor in the office of the Evening Post, then edited 
 and owned by William Cullen Bryant, the poet. Mr. Bryant became much interested 
 in young Ross, and ever after remained his steadfast friend. It was during this 
 period he became acquainted with General Garibaldi, who at that time was a resident 
 of New York, and employed in making candles. This acquaintance soon ripened 
 into a warm friendship, which continued unbroken down to Garibaldi’s death in 1882. 
 It was through Dr. Ross’ efforts in 1874 that Garibaldi obtained his pension from 
 the Italian Government. In 1851, Dr. Ross began the study of Medicine, under the 
 direction of the eminent Dr. Valentine Mott, and subsequently under Dr. Trail, the 
 celebrated hygienic physician. After four years of unremitting toil, working as a 
 compositor during the day and studying Medicine at night, he received his degree 
 of M.D. in 1855, and shortly after received the appointment of surgeon in the 
 the army of Nicaragua, then commanded by General William Walker. He 
 subsequently became actively and earnestly engaged in the anti-slavery struggle 
 in the United States, which culminated in the liberation from bondage of four mil- 
 lions of slaves. Dr. Ross was a personal friend and co-worker of Captain John 
 Brown, the martyr. Although Dr. Ross’ sphere of labor in that great struggle of 
 human freedom was less public than that of many others in the cause, it was not less 
 important, and required the exercise of greater caution, courage and determination, 
 and also involved greater personal risks. Senator Wade, Vice-President of the United 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 155 
 
 States, said in speaking of the abolitionists : — ‘ Never in the history of the world did 
 the same number of men perform so great an amount of good for the human race and 
 for their country as the once despised abolitionists, and it is my duty to add that no 
 one of their number submitted to greater privations, perils or sacrifices, or did more 
 in the great and noble work than Alexander Ross/ 
 
 He has received the benediction of the philanthropist and poet, Whittier, in the 
 following noble words, which find their echo in the hearts of thousands : — 
 
 For his steadfast strength and courage 
 In a dark and evil time, 
 
 When the Golden Rule was treason, 
 
 And to feed the hungry, crime. 
 
 For the poor slave’s hope and refuge, 
 
 When the hound was on his track, 
 
 And saint and sinner, state and church, 
 
 Joined hands to send him back. 
 
 Blessings upon him ! — What he did 
 For each sad, suffering one, 
 
 Chained, hunted, scourged and bleeding, 
 
 Unto our Lord was done. 
 
 John G. Whittier, 
 
 Secretary of the Convention in 1833 which formed the American Anti- Slavery Society „ 
 
 The sincere radical abolitionists, with whom Dr. Ross was laboring, were despised, 
 hated and ostracised by the rich, the powerful and the so-called higher classes ; but 
 Dr. Ross always possessed the courage of his opinions, and prefers the approval of 
 his own conscience to the smiles or favors of men. During the Southern Rebellion 
 he was employed by President Lincoln as confidential correspondent in Canada, and 
 rendered very important services to the United States Government. For this he re- 
 ceived the special thanks of President Lincoln and Secretary Seward. When the 
 war ended, with the downfall of the Confederacy, Dr. Ross offered his services to 
 President Juarez, of Mexico, and received the appointment of surgeon in the Repub- 
 lican army. The capture of Maximillian, and the speedy overthrow of the empire, 
 rendered Dr. Ross’ services unnecessary, and he returned to Canada and to the con- 
 genial and more peaceful pursuits of a naturalist. The object of his ambition was 
 now to collect and classify the fauna and flora of his native country, a labor never 
 before attempted by a Canadian. He has collected and classified five hundred and 
 seventy species of birds that regularly or occasionally visit the Dominion of Canada ; 
 two hundred and forty species of eggs of birds that breed in Canada ; two hundred 
 and forty-seven species of mammals, reptiles, and fresh water fish ; three thousand 
 four hundred species of insects ; and two thousand species of Canadian flora. Dr. 
 Ross has been a member of the British Association of Science for the last twenty-one 
 years, and of the French and American Associations for the past seventeen years. 
 He has devoted special attention to the ornithology, ichthyology, botany and ento- 
 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 l S& 
 
 mology of Canada ; has personally made large and valuable collections of the fauna 
 and flora of Canada ; has enriched by his contributions the natural history museums 
 of Paris, St. Petersburg, Vienna, Rome, Athens, Dresden, Lisbon, Teheran and Cairo, 
 with collections of Canadian fauna and flora. He is author of 'Birds of Canada’ 
 (1872), 'Butterflies and Moths of Canada’ (1873), 'Flora of Canada’ (1873), 
 'Forest Trees of Canada’ (1874), ‘ Mammals, Reptiles, and Fresh Water Fishes of 
 Canada’ (1878), ‘ Recollections of an Abolitionist ’ (1867), ' Ferns and Wild Flow- 
 ers of Canada’ (1877), 'Friendly Words to Boys and Young Men’ (1884), 
 'Vaccination a Medical Delusion’ (1885)) and ‘Natural Diet of Alan (1886). 
 He received the degrees of M.D. (1855; and M.A. (1867) ; and was knighted by 
 the Emperor of Russia (1876). King of Italy (1876), King of Greece (1876), King of 
 Portugal (1877), King of Saxony (1876), and received the Medal of Merit from the 
 Shah of Persia (1884), the decoration of honor from the Khedive of Egypt (1884), 
 and the decoration of the Academie Franchise from the Government of France 
 (1879). He was offered (and declined) the title of Baron by the King of Bavaria, in 
 recognition of his labors as a naturalist, and was appointed Consul to Canada by the 
 King of Belgium and the King of Denmark. Dr. Ross was elected a Fellow of the 
 Royal Society of Literature and the Linnaean and Zoological Societies of England ; 
 the Royal Societies of Antiquaries of Denmark and Greece ; the Imperial Society of 
 Naturalists of Russia ; the Imperial Botanical and Zoological Society of Austria ; the 
 Royal Academy of Science of Palermo, Italy ; a member of the Entomological So- 
 cieties of Russia, Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Bohemia and Wur- 
 temburg ; member of the Hygienic Societies of France, Germany and Switzerland ; 
 honorary member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, and member of the 
 European Congress of Ornithology. For several years past Dr. Ross has labored 
 with his characteristic zeal and energy in behalf of moral and physical reform. He 
 is the founder (1880), of the Canadian Society for the Diffusion of Physiological 
 Knowledge, and enlisted the sympathy and active support of the Archbishop of 
 Canterbury, Earl Shaftsbury, the Archbishop of Toronto, and two hundred and forty 
 clergymen of different denominations, and three hundred Canadian school teachers 
 in the work of distributing his tracts on ‘The Evils Arising from Unphysiological 
 Habits in Youth’; over one million of these tracts were distributed among the 
 youths of Britain and Canada, calling forth thousands of letters expressing gratitude 
 from parents and friends of the young. Dr. Ross is one of the founders of the St. 
 Louis Hygienic College of Physicians and Surgeons, in which he is Professor of Hy- 
 giene, Sanitation and Physiology. He is always on the side of the poor and the 
 oppressed, no matter how unpopular the cause may be. He does his duty as he sees 
 it, regardless of consequences to himself. When Dr. Ross had attained his fiftieth 
 birthday, he was the recipient of many tokens of regard and congratulations from 
 friends and co-workers. From the poet Whittier the following : — 
 
 Dear Friend — T he fifty years have not been idle ones, but filled with good works ; I hope 
 another half century may be added to them. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 From Wendell Phillips : — 
 
 My Dear Ross— Measured by the good you have done in your fifty years, you have already 
 lived a century. 
 
 From Harriet Beecher Stowe : — 
 
 Dear Dr. Ross— As you look back over your fifty years, what a comfort to you must be the 
 reflection that you have saved so many from the horrors of slavery. 
 
 During the small-pox epidemic in Montreal in 1885, Dr. Ross was a prominent 
 opponent of vaccination, declaring that it was not only useless as a preventative of 
 small-pox, but that it propagated the disease when practised during .the existence of 
 an epidemic. In place of vaccination, he strongly advocated the strict enforcement of 
 sanitation and isolation. He maintains that personal and municipal cleanliness is the 
 only scientific safeguard against Zymotic diseases. When the authorities attempted 
 to enforce vaccination by fines and imprisonment, Dr. Ross organized the Anti-Com- 
 pulsory Vaccination League, and successfully resisted what he considered an outrage 
 on human rights. Dr. Ross is a radical reformer in religion, medicine, politics, sociol- 
 ogy, and dietetics, and a total abstainer from intoxicants and tobacco. He is a grad- 
 uate of the allopathic, hydropathic, eclectic and botanic systems of medicine, and a 
 member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Provinces of Quebec, On- 
 tario and Manitoba.” 
 
 The subject of this sketch is one of the oldest merchants in Montreal. He was 
 born at Wombweli, Yorkshire, England, near the beginning of this century, in 1807. 
 His father was Richard Birks, civil engineer, and his two brothers, Edward and 
 Thomas, followed their father’s profession. Richard was educated at Brampton 
 Grammar School. He then studied Pharmacy under the well-known Dr. Hudson in 
 London, England. After some years he went to the West Indies, to Jamaica, and 
 remained their until 1832, when, on the liberation of the slaves, and abolition 
 of slavery throughout the British Colonies, he returned to England. He came to 
 Canada in 1844, and settled in Montreal. He is now sixty-five years in the drug 
 business, and, though over eighty years of age, is still active and strong, walking a 
 mile or more every morning from his home to the store on McGill street, and such are 
 his perfect faculties that he can yet, without the aid of glasses, write very small texts 
 on the prescriptions which are prepared in his establishment. 
 
 The ancestors of the subject of this sketch have lived in Wombweli for over eight 
 hundred years, in the one homestead for over four hundred years, and they have been 
 the agents of Sir George Wombweli of Wombweli Hall for the past three hundred 
 years, and at the close of this century the old homestead is still in the family. 
 
 Mr. Birks married Mary Morris in 1848, and has two sons and two daughters. 
 His oldest son, Robert, has been in the employ of the Allan Line of Steamers for over 
 eight years. His second son, James, is with his father in the drug business. His 
 oldest daughter is married to George Sutherland, dry goods merchant of this City, 
 and the youngest to W. N. Slayton of the United States. 
 
 RICHARD BIRKS. 
 
 ' 
 
*58 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 JAMES COURT. 
 
 Mr. Court came to Montreal when he was about nineteen years of age and entered 
 the employ of his maternal uncle, William Blackwood, who died in 1831, and young 
 Court began, on his own account, the profession of public accountant and house 
 agent— the first person in the city who did so-and greatly prospered in his new 
 undertaking. He was one of the earliest champions of “Total Abstinence.” The 
 late John Dougall, J. S. Orr and he, organized a Christian Young Men s Society as 
 early as 1832. He was intimately connected with all the moral, social and intellec- 
 tual advance of the city to his death. It took place February 14th, 1 883, in Glasgow, 
 Scotland, where he then was, dropping dead in endeavoring to overtake a tramway 
 
 CaF- C. J. BRYDGES 
 
 Was born near London, England, in 1827. At fifteen he was employed by the South 
 Western Railway Company, and remained for ten years with them — gaining in that 
 time different positions, and lastly that of Assistant Secretary. In 1852, lie was ap- 
 pointed Managing Director of the Great Western Railway of Canada, and in the same 
 year he arrived in Canada and established himself at Hamilton in the interests of this 
 line. In 1861, he received a public banquet at Hamilton for his services to the 
 country, when he was presented with a service of plate made by Tiffany, of New 
 York, and costing $3,000. At this time he joined the Grand Trunk, where he con- 
 tinued for many years as its efficient Managing Director. Afterwards he had 
 Government control of the Intercolonial, and latterly was agent for the Hudson Bay 
 Company in Winnipeg, where he died some years ago. 
 
 Mr. Brydges was intimately connected with the English Diocese of Montreal, 
 of which he was for years the Treasurer, and his decisions in the Synod were gener- 
 ally followed by both clerical and lay members. 
 
 PETER MUNRO, M.D. 
 
 Peter Munro, son of Dr. Henry Munro, of Montreal, and grandson of the Honor- 
 able John Munro, U. E. Loyalist, of the ancient house of Fowlis, County of Ross- 
 shire, Scotland, was born at Montreal, 14th September, 1811. He studied under the 
 celebrated Doctor Robert Nelson, was licensed 23rd April, 1834, and appointed 
 physician to the Hotel Dieu Hospital, 7 th September, 1838. He was one of the 
 founders of the School of Medicine and Surgery, also called the University of Vic- 
 toria, and of the Montreal Dispensary, with the following medical confreres, viz., 
 Drs. Arnoldi, Badgeley, Sutherland, and Horace Nelson. 
 
 Doctor Munro was Professor of Surgery in Victoria Medical School, and also of 
 Clinical Surgery at the Hotel Dieu Hospital. He was also President of the School 
 of Medicine in connection with the University of Victoria. 
 
 His father, Dr. Henry Munro, of Montreal, was licensed 17th April, 1795, and 
 served the North West Company and the Hotel Dieu for several years. Dr. Selby 
 preceded him in the Hotel Dieu, and Drs. Beaubien and Nelson succeeded him in 
 1829. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 159 
 
 E. H. TRUDEL, M.D., 
 
 Was born at St. Genevieve de Batiscan, 1821, and was youngest son of O. 
 Trudel. His father was the first member elected for the County of Champlain , and 
 represented it until 1837. 
 
 His son, E. H. Trudel, passed with eclat all the courses of study in the College 
 of Nicolet, then studied Medicine at the University of McGill, where he graduated in 
 1844. He was made Professor of Chemistry in the School of Medicine in 1848, 
 which position he held for several years. In 1850, he was appointed to the Chair of 
 Midwifery and the Diseases of Women and Children. 
 
 He was also President and Vice-President of the School of Medicine and Surgery 
 of Montreal, President of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, President of the Medical 
 Society of the Dominion, a Director of the Banque Ville Marie and Credit Fonder. 
 He died universally regretted by all who knew him. 
 
 REV. ROBERT CAMPBELL, D.D., 
 
 Was born in the Township of Drummond, Ont. June 21st, 1835. His parents came 
 to Canada in 1817 and took up land near what is now the town of Perth. Recollect 
 what Canada was in those days, and think of the difficulty of the subject of our sketch 
 getting what he panted for— education beyond what the common schools of those days 
 afforded. At last the day dawned, and an Irishman who could teach a liberal education 
 offered his services for the school. Thus Mr. Campbell eagerly entered the arena as a 
 studious candidate. So determined was he, that one hundred lines of Virgil at one sit- 
 ting of “ The Dominie ” was not an uncommon occurrence. After a few years of such 
 study he entered Queen's College, Kingston, with flying colors, and graduated B.A. in 
 all subjects in 1856, and M.A. in 1858. Afterwards he was Head Master of Queen’s 
 College Preparatory School, and was, in the autumn of 1861, ordained Presbyterian 
 minister of Galt. Remaining there for five years, he came to Montreal in 1866, 
 where he has ever since been the well-known and much respected minister of St. 
 Gabriel Church. In 1863, he married Margaret McDonnell. He has given a con- 
 siderable amount of his time to literary work— being connected with the Presbyterian. 
 In 1870, he was given the prize for the best essay on the Presbyterian Union in 
 Canada. His great work in the literary line is the valuable book he issued a few 
 years ago on St. Gabriel Church, from which the Author of this work acknowledges 
 having received a great amount of information. He is Chairman of the Ministers’ 
 Widows’ and Orphans’ Fund, which office he has held ever since the death of the 
 late Dr. Matheson. He is also a member of the Board of Trustees of Queen’s 
 University, Kingston, from which — quite unexpectedly — he received the highest 
 honor a clergyman can receive, that of the degree of D.D. This honor was conferred 
 on Dr. Campbell in April, 1887, and if any man deserved recognition from the hands 
 of his college, it is he. He is still in the prime of life, a great curler — which, 
 perhaps, goes to prove that manly exercises are not opposed to physical health and 
 clerical virtues. St. Gabriel Church, the oldest Presbyterian Church in Montreal, 
 was sold a few years ago to, the Local Government for Court House improvements’ 
 and the congregation have removed to St. Catherine street, very near Phillips Square’ 
 where he has a large and flourishing congregation. 
 
^ 
 
 nr ’ 
 
 160 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 DR. G. p. girdwood 
 
 sr sr? sew set-.-'ss art 
 
 was Susan daughter of the Rev.Thos. Blazeley, once Chaplain to the Duke of Kent 
 father of Queen Victoria. Dr. Girdwood, the subject of this sketch receive ns 
 education h^London at the University College and St. George’s School of Med.c.ne 
 In rSc-i he entered the army as Surgeon to H. M. Grenadier Guards. ^ 
 
 > veA till December, 1861, when he was ordered to Canada, the “ lrent a air 
 i SCr ’ <r disturbed the peace of this country with its neighbors the United States. In 
 1864" he retired from the service and was appointed Surgeon to the Military Prison 
 Hochelaga and also to the Victoria Rifles. In 1866, he went to the front with tins 
 corps during the Fenian excitement, and was appointed Medical Staff O acel ° 1 
 
 S. *«-» c,„r. H. ha, been Profe.ao, of Ch, » 1 ^ > 
 
 University from 1879 to the present day. He married a daughter of the late Th • 
 E Blackwell C.E., and who was a grandmother of the celebrated Dr. uc an , 
 Dean of Westminster. Dr. Girdwood is one of the most distinguished analysts in 
 
 the city. 
 
 VERY REV. ARCHDEACON LEACH, LL.D., D.C.L., 
 
 Was a native of Berwick-on-Tweed, and received his early education there, com- 
 Dieting it at Stirling, before entering the University of Edinburgh, where he took his 
 degree of M.A. Shortly after this he came to Canada, and for some y ears ' vas 
 minister of St. Andrew’s Scotch Church, Toronto, and Chaplain to the 93rd High- 
 
 land Ini843, he was ordained in the English Church by Bishop Mountain of Que- 
 bec, and was the same year appointed Incumbent of St. George’s Church, Monti ea , 
 and continued for the long period of twenty years to be its faithful and conscientious 
 
 pastor, when he resigned the Incumbency. . . , 
 
 By the late Bishop Fulford, Dr. Leach was “ collated and instituted to the 
 dignity of Honorary Canon in the Cathedral Church of Montreal,” and eleven years 
 afterwards Bishop Fulford appointed him one of his domestic chaplains and Arc - 
 
 deacon of Christ Church Cathedral. . 
 
 Upon the recommendation of the late Dean Bethune and Bishop Mountain he 
 was appointed as one of the Professors of McGill College as early as in the year 1846, 
 an appointment which received the confirmation of the Imperial Government. He 
 was promoted shortly afterwards to the office of Vice-Principal of that University 
 and to that of Dean of the Faculty of Arts. He was for years a member of the 
 Protestant Council of Public Instruction for Lower Canada. He was Professor of 
 English Literature in McGill College, holding the Molson Chair of the University, and 
 also Professor of Logic. After an eventful and busy life he died some years ago. 
 
' 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. [ 5 r 
 
 HON. HONORS MERCIER. 
 
 A biographical sketch printed eleven years ago thus speaks of our present energetic 
 Premier: “ The member of the Quebec Assembly for St. Hyacinthe is a man of no 
 ordinaiy parts. His after record justifies the prophecy of the writer of the sketch 
 in the year 1880, as found in th ft “Canadian Biographical Dictionary “ He 
 is a man of mark, and calculated by his magnetic power to exert a mighty influence. 
 The subsequent years of his career fully verify this.” Perhaps no man in this present 
 stage of the History of Canada has been more honored by the ecclesiastical powers 
 that be, none more spoken of “ for evil and for good report,” none more criticised, 
 none moie blamed on the one hand and lauded on the other, none more looked up to 
 by a certain portion of the political community, and none more looked down upon by 
 the other, none more successful politically, none more ennobled by him who rules the 
 spiritual destinies of more than 200 millions of tlie inhabitants of the world, none 
 more opposed by foes on the one hand, and none more upheld by friends on the 
 other than the subject of this sketch — Honors Mercier, Premier of Quebec. 
 
 He was born at Iberville on the 15th October, 1840. He received a first-class 
 literary education at the Jesuit College, Montreal, entering the college at the early age 
 of fourteen years. He studied Law with Messrs. Laframboisc & Papineau, of St. 
 Hyacinthe, and was admitted to the Bar in 1865. Even in his younger days he 
 engaged, as almost all our young French legal and medical students do, in literary 
 pursuits. This is an incentive to our English students. My experience after years 
 in Montreal and Canada shows me that the French students in their colleges, and 
 when studying their professions, are much more given to literary pursuits than their 
 English confreres. \\ hen Mr. Mercier was admitted to practice he then dropped 
 journalism and gave his whole time and mind to the duties of his profession, in which 
 he soon attained to the first rank as an Advocate. 
 
 In 1872, he was returned as member for Rouville to the House of Commons. 
 In 1879, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly, as the Liberal candidate, to 
 represent St. Hyacinthe, and became Solicitor-General in the Joly Government, and 
 held that position till the Cabinet went out of power in that year. 
 
 The biography quoted above thus goes on to speak of Mr. Mercier : “ It is 
 almost needless to say that Mr. Mercier has lived a very busy life, his time having 
 been divided between law and politics. He belongs to that class of men who are 
 always ready for duty— always fully equipped for a fight, and his blows never fail to 
 be felt. His friends have thought that at times his political contests have been too 
 fierce, his struggles too hard for his health. But he has great courage, much pluck, 
 and never yields. We should add that he has the name of being a manly fighter, 
 never taking any improper advantage of his adversary. He has made a success in 
 whatever he has undertaken.” 
 
 Let us then follow his career from this date, 1880, to the present time, and see 
 whether or not the words of his Biographer then are now verified. He continued to 
 lead the Loyal Opposition at Quebec till the fall of the Taillon Ministry in 1887, 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 162 
 
 when he was called on to form a Ministry, which he did, and it has continued ever 
 since. In 1887, the General Elections placed Mr. Mercier at the head of the 
 Government, being returned to power with a majority of over twenty-five. It then 
 behoved him to do what he had long wished to do— settle the Jesuits’ claims. I his 
 was successfully done, and by the payment of $400,000 cash, all claims, demands 
 and dues of the Jesuits against the British and Colonial Governments were finally 
 and for ever settled, and this subject, distracting for years, has at last by his intre- 
 pidity been laid to rest. Many reforms have accompanied his administration, 
 Political, Social, Criminal and Civic; and let his enemies say what they will, they 
 must all conclude that “ exceeding much benefit has accrued to the Province of 
 Quebec from his spirited administration of its affairs.” In a book of short biographical 
 sketches like this, the Author eschews as much politics as possible, and if he intro- 
 duces such, it is what must be recorded in a statistical sketch of the person written 
 about. The following are the principal events in the life of the Premier since he 
 accepted power in 1887. Besides his settlement of the Jesuits Estates he has been 
 instrumental in expanding the development of the country by railways, railway 
 bridges and other public works ; and not the least has been his Bill to grant to each 
 father who has twelve living children of any nationality whatsoever, the gift of 100 
 acres of land for a settlement of one or more of the family on the homestead. If in the 
 old Roman Law men were exempted (who had just married) from military service for 
 a year after, so that they might enjoy the pleasures of matrimony, and if a man had 
 seven living children he was free from taxation ; surely, the parents who have given 
 twelve living children to swell the population of their country deserve the above 
 grant of land. It is pleasing to record that more than one thousand families have 
 applied for or already received the grant. 
 
 At the commencement of the Session of 1883, the Hon. Mr. Joly retired from the 
 Leadership of the Liberal Party, and Mr. Mercier was unanimously elected to fill his 
 place; and during his administration, whether on the Treasury Benches or in 
 Opposition, all must maintain that he has fought manfully, successfully and spiritedly 
 against every insinuation of maladministration of public affairs or partiality in his 
 official career. So far no man has done more for his country in all its spheres than 
 Honors Mercier has done, the Premier of Quebec. He has ever tried to do 
 justice impartially to majority and minority, as his bitterest enemies must admit ; tor 
 instance, in the Protestant Insane Hospital at Verdun, Montreal. He has been 
 most generous and fair in his dealings with that Institution, and without him it never 
 would have existed. 
 
 In a volume lately published by M. Pelland, Advocate, of Montreal, and called 
 “ The Biography and Speeches of the Hon . Honore Mercier ,” there are some very 
 fine flights of rhetoric, which might, as some parts of our best French and English 
 Divines, Lawyers and Statesmen’s speeches, be adopted as recitation or reading 
 lessons for the higher classes in our colleges and schools. 
 
 The first of these quotations refers to the time when, in the Autumn of 1880, a 
 
■ 
 
v T 
 
 gazetteer of Montreal, 
 
 163 
 
 report was in circulation that he was in favor of a Coalition Ministry, and that he 
 would accept a portfolio in the Conservative Cabinet at Quebec, of which Hon. Mr. 
 Chapleau was then the Premier. In a speech at St. Hyacinthe he set himself right 
 betore the public, and we call the attention of our readers to the nobleness of the 
 sentiments therein contained. 
 
 In a speech delivered before His Excellency the Marquis of Lome on 
 11 Patriotism,” he displayed a remarkable flow of language and sentiments that 
 redounded to his credit and called forth plaudits of admiration. 
 
 In this sketch we have said nothing of the high honors which have been placed 
 upon him. He is a Count of the Holy Roman Empire, and wears more that one 
 decoration from European Powers. The Pope himself has conferred on him marked 
 gifts, and this may, perhaps, have stirred the spleen in certain bosoms which have 
 made his enemies so bitter in some quarters against him. Be that as it may, Canada 
 has produced some men of mark which is the more remarkable in so young a 
 country. If Sir John A. Macdonald stands conspicuously out (a native of Scotland) 
 as the helmsman of Canada, so Sir George E. Cartier in the Province of Quebec ; and 
 if among the Premiers that have been, or are, in this Dominion, Sir John holds the 
 first rank, surely the subject of our sketch as a Premier holds no insignificant place. 
 This may displease some, nevertheless I close with Pilate’s address to the Jews, 
 “ What I have written, I have written” 
 
 Since the above sketch was written a great change has taken place in the Govern- 
 ment of Quebec. The Ministers possessing a majority of twenty-five votes in the 
 Legislative Assembly of the People have been dismissed. On the 21st December 
 last, the Lieut. Governor of the Province did so, and immediately after ordered the 
 formation of a new Ministry. The Assembly was also dissolved and new general 
 
 elections gazetted for the 8th of March. 
 
 Hon. Mr. Mercier married on the 29th May, 1866, Leopoldine Boivin of Sr. 
 Hyacinthe. She died a year or two after. On the 9th of May, 1871, he married 
 again a lady of St. Hyacinthe, Virginie St. Denis. A fine portrait of her is found in 
 this Gazetteer. One of thiir children is the wife of Mr. Gouin, advocate. 
 
1 64 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 ARTHUR DANSEREAU. 
 
 One of our most prominent men of letters in Canada. He was born July 5 1844, 
 at Contrecceur. Some well-known men have been born there, such as Mgr. Duhamel, 
 Archbishop of Ottawa, and the late Senator Holland. H» father was Clemen 
 Dansereau, and his mother Louise Fiset. Arthur was the eldest son. He was sen 
 to Vercheres College first, then to that of L’Assomption, where he passed a bnlhant 
 career He arrived in Montreal, September, 1862, and presented himself to Sir 
 George Cartier, a friend of his father, and asked him where he should go. Being 
 advised to be a student with Mr. Girouard, he entered that gentleman s office, and 
 for three years was a diligent student of Law. Afterwards he entered McGill College 
 and from that Institution received his B.C.L., and in 1865 was admitted to the Bar 
 He did not go on with his profession, but chose literature and entered the office of 
 La Minerve. In 1870, he became one of its proprietors. In 1880, he retired. Dur- 
 ing the years between the above date and this year, Mr. Dansereau employed him- 
 self in literature and other congenial occupations, and on the 1st February, i 8 9 2 . Je 
 was appointed Post Master of Montreal, on the retiring with a pension of Mr. 
 Lamothe. During the short time Mr. Dansereau has been 111 office, he has proved 
 himself both a courteous and capable head of this important department. e 
 whole internal economy of the Post Office has been improved, and Mr. Dansereau 
 bids fair to be as popular a Post Master as any who have gone before, as he pos- 
 sesses energy and patience, two gifts especially necessary in the right performance 
 of such an onerous and public position. 
 
 DfiSIRE GIROUARD, M.P., 
 
 Was born at St. Timothy, in the County of Beauharnois, 7th July, 1826. After 
 finishing his preliminary studies, he entered the Montreal College, and passed with 
 eclat through all his studies and classes. He then entered the Law office of Edward 
 Carter Esq., Q.C., and was admitted to the Bar on the 1st October, i860. Mr. 
 Girouard is one of our most important Law writers. In i860, he published a work 
 entitled, “ Essai sur les lettres de change et sur les billets promissoires.” The 
 importance of the subject, the diffusion and obscurity of our laws at this epoch upon 
 this matter, rendered the work of Mr. Girouard of the greatest utility. The intro- 
 duction, which contains the historical part, is treated in a most lucid manner. 
 
 In 1868, he published another work entitled, “Considerations sur les loisciviles 
 du manage.” This work first appeared in the columns of the Nouveau Monde. 
 
 In 1869, he printed the “Etude sur l’Acte Concernant la Faillite.” “M. 
 Girouard exprime le regret de voir de si notables alterations s’operer dans notre droit, 
 et compliquer dans une certaine mesure le fonctionnement des regies courtes et 
 simples du droit commun de nos lois statutaires. Cette brochure se recommande 
 par des commentaires et des discussions utiles. Elle est divisee en dix-sept chapitres 
 et subdivisee en cent un paragraphes. L’auteur fait preuve des connaissances sur 
 ce sujet, mais la phraseologie est loin d’etre irreprochable.” 
 
 n 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 1 65 
 
 Iii the work which Mr. Girouard published on marriage, taken from a notice in 
 a recent French work, he divides his part on Catholic marriages into four sections, 
 viz.: 1st. “ En face de l’Eglise; 2nd. Par le propre cure des parties; 3rd. Apr6s 
 publication ou dispense des bancs ; 4th. Enfin, il ne doit exister aucun empfcche- 
 ment non dispense par leur 6veque.” 
 
 In the Protestant marriages it is thus divided : — 11 Le mariage des Protestants 
 doit aussi 6tre c£lebr6 par leur propre ministre; il doit etre celebre publiquement 
 apr£s publication de bancs, suivant les usages de chaque congregation ; une licence 
 de mariage dispense de toutes ces formalins, il suffit alors qu’il soit celebre par le 
 ministre des parties, sans autre forme.’’ 
 
 He promoted and carried, during the session of 1882, the Bill authorizing mar- 
 riage with a deceased wife’s sister. 
 
 Mr. Girouard has contributed a great deal to the columns of the Revue Critique , 
 in which he writes in the English language. These writings on the reports of the 
 Church and State show much work, much research and a great love of study. 
 
 He has held the position of one of the members of the Counsel of the Montreal 
 Bar, and has always maintained a high position in the city as an intelligent and well 
 instructed advocate; hence he has often been retained in some of the most important 
 law suits which have appeared before the Court for the past years. 
 
 His Parliamentary career may be thus summed up. He was first returned to 
 Parliament for the present seat at the General Elections of 1878. Was an unsuccess- 
 ful candidate for Beauharnois at the elections of 1874. He was re-elected for Jacques 
 Cartier in 1882. and also at the last General Elections. Besides the carrying through 
 of the above very important Bill, he has been Chairman of many important 
 Committees in the House. 
 
 Mr. Girouard first married the daughter of the well-known and much respected 
 citizen, John Pratt, Esq. This lady having died, he again married an American lady, 
 Essie Granwell, of New Orleans; his third consort is Edith B., daughter of J. 
 Beatty, M.D., of Cobourg, and has an interesting family. 
 
 SIR HUGH ALLAN 
 
 Was born at Saltcoats, in the County of Ayr, Scotland, on the 29th September, 
 1810. He was the second son of the late Captain Allan, who was long and favorably 
 known as a highly popular shipmaster, trading between the Clyde and Montreal. 
 During the thirty years he was engaged in that business, the different ships he com- 
 manded were much sought after by passengers ; and several persons still living 
 throughout the Province retain to this day pleasant reminiscences of the voyages 
 which they made across the Atlantic under his watchful care. 
 
 Sir Hugh sailed from Greenock for Montreal, on the 12th of April, 1826, in the 
 brig Favorite , of which his father was then commander, and his eldest brother second 
 officer. Arriving in Montreal he filled an engagement in the establishment of Wm. 
 Kerr & Co. After this he travelled for some time in the United States, and re. 
 visited Scotland, where he remained one year, and returned to Montreal. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 1 66 
 
 Having decided to make it his home he entered the firm of J. Millar & Co., 
 shipbuilders and shippers, and thus had ample scope in the display of his acquired 
 knowledge. So well did he acquit himself, that after the short period of four years 
 he was admitted as a partner of the firm. In the year 1838 Mr. Miller died, and 
 the business was thereafter conducted by Edmonstone & Allan, which firm, through 
 various mutations of title, and vastly increased business relations, is still continued 
 under the title of H. & A. Allan, 
 
 In 1837-38 Sir Hugh served as Captain in the Volunteers. He Was President 
 of the Montreal Telegraph Company, of the Canadian Navigation Company, the 
 Merchants’ Bank of Canada, Lake Memphremagog Navigation Company, the Mul- 
 grave Gold Mining Company, Montreal Warehousing Company, Vermont and 
 Canada Marble Company, besides a great number of other industries and companies. 
 Indeed no man in the Dominion of Canada deserved public recognition like Sir 
 Hugh Allan, and therefore Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen on her part 
 acknowledged his past sevvices by Knighting him with her own hand, and thereby 
 proving that indomitable perseverance and continued industry will ultimately 
 and always succeed. He died some years ago. 
 
 The brother of Sir Hugh, and the third of the four sons of the late Captain A. 
 Allan, was also born at Saltcoats, Ayrshire, Scotland, on the 1st December, 1822. 
 On completing his education he came to Montreal, and entered into business iu the 
 firms with which his elder brother was connected, and he continued throughout to be 
 an energetic and industrious supporter of all the commercial enterprises in which Sir 
 Hugh has been engaged. He married a daughter of the late Mr. John Smith and sister 
 to Lady Allan. Mr. Allan is President or Vice-President of many of our most enter- 
 prising companies, ever ready to lend his hand and means to the advancement of 
 Montreal and everything connected with its development. We feel pleasure in 
 appending the following record, from a Liverpool paper of the Allan Line of Steam- 
 ers, as an honor to these gentlemen and to Montreal itself : — 
 
 “ As an instance of the great development of the Canadian trade, we may 
 remark that up to the year 1840, about a dozen sailing vessels of from four to five 
 hundred tons register were sufficient to conduct all the trade that then existed. 
 Now the Allan Company alone possess twenty-one first-class steamers, with a gross 
 tonnage of 56,000 tons, the bulk of which are engaged in the Canadian trade. 
 From the year 1840 to 1850, the sailing fleet of the Allan Company was increased 
 according to the advance of the Canadian trade, the requirements of which were 
 attentively watched by the late Mr. Bryce Allan, Mr. Alexander Allan, Mr. Andrew 
 Allan, and the late Sir Hugh Allan. Nearly all the Captains in the service have 
 been, literally speaking, born in it, and consequently have a thorough knowledge 
 of the trade. 
 
 “ Towards 1850 the various Provinces now forming the Canadian Dominion 
 
 ANDREW ALLAN 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 1 67 
 
 awoke from a long lethargy, and, no doubt, inspired by what was passing in the 
 United States, determined to enter with earnestness into the struggle for recognition 
 as a power in the world. The leading men of Canada, the major portion of whom 
 were Scotch either by birth or descent, began to turn their minds to the opening up 
 of the country, by railways, canals, and the establishment of a more regular and 
 rapid communication with the mother country. The enormous stream of emi- 
 gration which was then flowing from the old to the new world attracted their atten- 
 tion, and to some extent naturally aroused their jealousy. They were not the 
 men to rest quietly on their oars without making any attempt to discover whether 
 there were not hundreds and thousands of Englishmen, Irishmen and Scotchmen 
 who, while they were desirous to emigrate, looked with more favor on the United 
 States than Canada. It was, therefore, against many and difficult obstacles that 
 Messrs. Allan established a line of steamships to promote and accommodate the 
 growing trade between Great Britain and the Dominion of Canada, and also for the 
 purpose of carrying the mails. At this period the sailing fleet of the Allan Company 
 numbered fifteen vessels ; but in the year 1853 two fine iron screw steamships were 
 added t) the fleet. These were the Indian and the Canadian of 1,500 tons register, 
 and 250 nominal horse-power each. These vessels were intended to trade regularly 
 between Liverpool and Quebec and Montreal. In the beginning of 1857, the fleet 
 having been increased by the steamers North American and Anglo-Saxon, the Allan 
 Company entered into arrangements with the Canadian Government for a fort- 
 nightly service of mail steamers between Liverpool and Quebec in the summer, and 
 Portland (Maine) in the winter months ; and since that date the Company has 
 carried the Canadian mails under contract with the Government of Canada. In 
 1859, however, the original contract was extended to a weekly instead of a fortnightly 
 sailing, which continues up to the present date — the steamers leaving Liverpool 
 every Thursday, calling at Moville on the following day for the supplementary 
 British mails. In addition to this service, the Allan Company a few years ago 
 entered into a fresh contract with the Canadian Government for the carriage of the 
 mails between Liverpool and Halifax, Nova Scotia; and St. John’s, Newfoundland. 
 In 1859 the trade between Liverpool and Canada had so far increased that the 
 Messrs. Allan were obliged to add four new steamers to their fleet; and from that 
 year up to the present time their line of steamships has increased until it stands at 
 its present strength. In connection with the construction of their steamers we may 
 state that Messrs. Allan were the first Company to adopt the spar or flush deck to their 
 steamers, and in doing this they were opposed strongly by the Board of Trade, who 
 would not allow them any concession in the way of measurement for harbor dues, 
 etc., and thus put them at the great disadvantage of placing superior ships at an 
 extra cost upon the transatlantic line of traffic, without the slightest recognition of 
 the circumstances in their favor. But when the unfortunate London went down in 
 the Bay of Biscay the death-knell of the open deck system was tolled, and the Board 
 of Trade itself was literally ‘pooped,’ and it was compelled by the inexorable logic 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 1 68 
 
 of facts to take cognizance of the value of Messrs. Allan’s improvement by making 
 over to them the necessary concessions in the way of a reduction of measurement. 
 Now, with but few exceptions, all the recently constructed steamers employed in the 
 Atlantic trade have the spar deck, than which nothing conduces more to the safety 
 and comfort of the passengers — as, even in the heaviest weather, a vessel with a spar 
 deck is, as a rule, dry. The Hibernian, which was constructed in 1861, was the 
 first 1 covered-in ’ vessel of the Allan fleet. 
 
 “ We may state that during the Crimean war two of Messrs. Allan’s steamers, viz., 
 the Indian and Canadian, were employed in the transport service, in conveying British 
 troops from Portsmouth, and French troops from Marseilles ; whilst the Sarmatian 
 and Manitoban were employed in a similar service in connection with the Ashantee 
 campaign.” 
 
 The following is a partial list of the steamers belonging to this great Ocean 
 Steamship Company : — 
 
 Sardinian 4 ’ 200 
 
 Circassian. * 3> 211 
 
 Scandinavian 2,840 
 
 Moravian 3>4 00 
 
 Hibernian 2 >75 2 
 
 Nova Scotian 3>3°5 
 
 Manitoban - 2 ?395 
 
 Polynesian • •• 3*9^5 
 
 Sarmatian 3^47 
 
 Prussian 2 >794 
 
 Peruvian 3> 2 7° 
 
 Caspian * 2 >7 2 & 
 
 DU CAI.VET. 
 
 In reading the second division or part of the History of Canada, we perceive a figure 
 who stands forth as the glorious defender of our rights. This figure, this type, this old 
 patriot is Du Calvet. He was arrested 27th September, 1780, over no years ago, 
 because of his liberal ideas, and was committed to prison by the order of Governor 
 Haldimand. There he was deprived of his papers and his money. After his libera- 
 tion he went to England to demand justice from King George, and there requested 
 that Haldimand be brought to London that he might be accused before an English 
 tribunal. There was no attention paid to his request. He, however, published a 
 volume of letters, which Garneau declares to be written in a style showing a fiery 
 and independent spirit. His works were printed in London in 1784. He was one 
 of the first Justices of the Peace in the City of Montreal. His work treats of Cana- 
 dian History between the years 1774 and 1791. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 169 
 
 I must give to the present generation some of the liberal ideas which he held 
 at that early period, and which have many of them been since made law. 1st. Pre- 
 servation of the French Laws. The Law of Habeas Corpus. Trial by Jury. Immova- 
 bility of Legislative Councillors and Judges. The Governor amenable to the Laws 
 of the Province. Establishment of an Elective Legislative Chamber (Assembly). 
 The nomination of six members to represent Canada in the Imperial Parliament, 
 three from the District of Quebec and three from the District of Montreal. Liberty 
 of Conscience, a person not to be deprived of his civil wrights for the cause of 
 Religion. The creation of a Canadian Regiment of two battalions. Liberty of the 
 Press. Colleges for the education of the young, to employ the Jesuit Estates for 
 carrying on such, and Public Schools in the Parishes ; and lastly, Naturalization of 
 Canadians throughout the British Empire. One must come to the conclusion after 
 reading the above, that Du Calvet was a true patriot, but born years before some 
 of these very things were at last procured by Canadians. He is indeed one of the 
 brightest stars in the galaxy of Canadian History. 
 
 DONALD M ACM ASTER, Q.C., 
 
 Was born in Glengarry, September 3rd, 1841. He was educated at the Grammar 
 School of Williamstown, afterwards in McGill University, where he took the degree 
 ofB.C.L. in March, 1871. In the College he was senior honor man and gold medal- 
 ist, prize essayist and valedictorian of the year, a series of distinctions rarely 
 falling to the lot of any one young man. After the study of his curriculum in Law he 
 was called to the Bar of Quebec, January, 1871, and to the Ontario Bar, January 
 1, 1882. He was made a Q.C. at the same ti me. First elected to represent Glengarry 
 in the Legislature of Ontario in 1879, he continued such for three years. Resigning 
 his seat he ran for the House of Commons, May, 1882, and defeated Hon. D. A. 
 Macdonald, ex-Governor of Ontario, by a majority of 224 votes. Mr. MacMaster 
 has resided in Montreal since 1868, and is now the senior partner of the well-known 
 firm of MacMaster & McGibbon. He married, September, 1880, Janet Sandfield, 
 daughter cf Ronald Sandfield McDonald, of Lancaster. She died in 1883. Mr. 
 MacMaster is one of our foremost lawyers, h aving for years past eschewed politics 
 and devoting himself entirely to the ever-increasing duties of his profession. He has 
 lately been appointed one of the Royal Commissioners in the investigation of the 
 affairs of the Government of Quebec. Mr. MacMaster has conducted some important 
 cases before the Privy Council of England. 
 
 REV. JAMES SOMERVILLE. 
 
 He was a native of Lanarkshire. At an early age, he was sent to Glasgow University, 
 where he passed his curriculum and com pleted his course in Arts at seventeen years 
 of age, just when most young men are thinking of beginning. After his Divinity 
 course, he was licensed to preach in 1799. In 1802, he landed in Quebec, to under- 
 take the education of the children of the large Scottish lumber merchants resident 
 there. He was then only twenty-seven years of age. His school afterwards was 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 I7O 
 
 well known, especially when Dr. Wilkie, who succeeded him, was at its head. A year 
 after his arrival, he was ordained, in Montreal, to St. Gabriel Church. He was a 
 man of much social influence, and, on account of his erudition and position, he held 
 a large amount of sway among the Scotch citizens of Montreal at this time. His 
 name is the first in the Montreal Curling Club, organized in 1807. He began a 
 Literary Society in 1809. He also greatly contributed to the existence of the 
 ‘‘Natural History Society” and the “Montreal General Hospital.’’ The first of 
 these Institutions was born 16th May, 1827. He left a large bequest to it at his 
 death— the balance of his estate, after paying certain legacies. The second — the 
 General Hospital — Mr. Somerville often said, was due to his servant falling sick of 
 an infectious fever. She had no friends nor place in the city. Some friends and he 
 took a house and sent her to it. Others required the same, so arose that most 
 Christian of all Institutions, the General Hospital. 
 
 Mr. Somerville was twice married. His first wife was Marianne Veitch, of 
 Edinburgh, to whom he was united 8tii July, 1805. She died when her daughter, 
 named after her, was born in 1806. Two years after, he married, 4th April, 1808, 
 Charlotte Blaney. After thirteen years, his wife died on the trip from Quebec to 
 Montreal, leaving one child, a son, who subsequently died at nineteen years of age, 
 a bright medical student, who had caught fever from a patient he was visiting This, 
 with his daughter’s death, only three months after her brother, rendered his home 
 wifeless and childless, and his mind and nervous temperament became unbalanced. 
 He died 2nd June, 1837, aged sixty-two years. On his tablet are these words : — 
 “ Having been bereaved of his children, he consecrated, at his death, the whole of 
 his property to the cause of Science, Friendship, Humanity and Piety.” 
 
 We must remember that a thousand pounds in those days equalled at least three 
 or four times the amount in the present, and that the large fortune he had at his 
 death was received from his children, willed to them by different individuals, and 
 falling to him as the only heir. 
 
 THOMAS WORKMAN, 
 
 Brother of William, also of Benjamin. He was born near Lisburn. County Antrim, 
 Ireland, 17th June, 1813. Came with the rest of the family to Montreal, in 1827. 
 Educated in Montreal. During the Rebellion he rose to the rank of Lieutenant in 
 March, 1838, and was the officer in command of the Montreal Gaol Guard when at 
 the time nearly five hundred political prisoners were incarcerated. On one occasion 
 he signed the receipt for two Patriots who were admitted to prison, and also after- 
 wards held the highest positions under Government. lie and his brother William 
 were partners in the great iron firm of Frothingham & Workman. He was connected 
 with the business for over fifty years. Senator Murphy is the head of the establishment 
 since his death. He was also connected with Molsons Bank, and for nearly thirty 
 years on its Board of Management. He was elected to the House of Commons for 
 Montreal Centre, after Confederation in 1867. He was, in 1875, elected for Montreal 
 West. After one of the most useful lives in Montreal, living in the city for over 
 sixty years, he died not long ago. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 171 
 
 ROBERT MILLER. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was bom in the City of Cork, Ireland, in the year 1819, 
 his father being then the Principal of St. Finn Burs Academy. The family emigrated 
 to Canada in the year 1820, and settled in St. Johns, Province of Quebec, where his 
 father became the Government School Teacher, holding the position until his death, 
 which occurred in 1826. His mother and family removed to Montreal in the 
 year 1835. After serving an apprenticeship to the bookbinding and book selling 
 business, partly with Arriel Bowman and finishing with Campbell Bryson, he com- 
 menced business on his own account in 1841. Since that time he has continued, 
 first in his own name, and afterwards with his brother Adam as R. & A. Miller until 
 their dissolution in 1863, and now for some years as Robert Miller, Son & Company, 
 to carry on an extensive business as wholesale dealers and importers of stationery, 
 paper hangings, and publishers of school books, together with bookbinding in all its 
 branches, and still gives his personal attention to all orders entrusted to his House. 
 
 He has during these years been an active member of the Methodist Church* 
 the Young Men’s Christian Association, and the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society. 
 
 ROUER ROY, Q.C., 
 
 Was born in Montreal, 7th January, 1821. His father was Joseph Roy, whose 
 sketch is given elsewhere in this work. His mother was Miss Lusignan, who belonged 
 to a family of Italian origin, and which was allied to the noble house of the Rouer de 
 Villeroy of France. Our genial City Attorney was educated at the Montreal College, 
 where he took a full classical course under Monsieur Bayle, and finished his curricu- 
 lum in 1838. He then entered the office of the celebrated Hon. M. O’Sullivan, who 
 was once Solicitor General for Lower Canada and afterwards Chief Justice of Quebec. 
 Mr. Roy continued his studies under the Hon. Andrew Stewart, when Hon. M. 
 O’Sullivan was raised to the Bench. He made such a brilliant course that before he 
 was twenty years of age he had completed his Law studies as a student. He was 
 called to the Bar of Quebec, February, 1842, and appointed Queen’s Counsel in 
 1864. In 1862, he was elected as joint City Attorney, and acted as such till 1876* 
 when he became City Attorney. In 1856, he was elected Syndic of the Bar, and held 
 that position for four years. In 1864, he was appointed President of the Library 
 Committee of the Bar and has been ever since. Mr. Roy is quite a linguist, know- 
 ing exceedingly well Latin, Greek, Italian and English, and being well versed in 
 Greek study, a branch of language not much followed in Canada. Some very impor- 
 tant cases have been handled by Mr. Roy successfully, and he has more than once 
 been before the Privy Council in England in support of the City. He was married 
 22nd January, 1857, to Corinne Beaudry, daughter of the late Hon. Justice Beaudry. 
 Of a large family he has only one son, who is making his mark as civil engineer in 
 Canada. 
 
I 7 2 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 HON. CHARLES DE BOUCHERVILLE, 
 
 The Prime Minister of the Province of Quebec, comes of an old and most dis- 
 tinguished French family. The Bouchers and De Bouchervilles for over two hun- 
 dred years have played no unimportant part in the history of Canada. 1 he first 
 known of the family in Canadian annals was Lieutenant-General Pierre Boucher, 
 Sieur de Grosbois, who was Governor of Three Rivers in 1653, and the founder of 
 the Seigniory of Boucherville. He was a man of great distinction and influence in 
 his day. The father of the Premier was also one of Canada’s able legislators, being 
 one of the Legislative Council for Lower Canada for many years. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born at the family seat, Boucherville, in 1820. He 
 was educated at the St. Sulpice College in this city, and subsequently went to Paris to 
 finish his medical studies, and graduated with the highest honors in his profession. 
 He did not enter political life before 1861, when he was elected to the House of 
 Assembly for the County of Chambly, which he continued to represent until 1867, 
 when he was appointed a Legislative Councillor of Quebec Province, and became a 
 member of the Chauveau Ministry, with the office of President of the Council, which 
 office he held until 1873. On the reconstruction of the Cabinet on September 2, 
 1874, he was entrusted with the formation of a Ministry. This he successfully 
 accomplished, taking for himself the portfolio of Secretary and Registrar and Minis- 
 ter of Public Instruction. In 1876, he changed his portfolio for that of Agriculture 
 and Public Works. Early in March, 1878, the De Boucherville Ministry were sud- 
 denly dismissed from office by the late Lieut. Governor Letellier de St. Just on 
 alleged charges of extravagance and of giving way to undue influence of railway 
 a rings ” of supporters in the House and their friends, contractors, etc. These reasons 
 appeared sufficient for the Lieut. Governor to dismiss them, and with very little time 
 or ceremony they were put out of power. Mr. De Boucherville, feeling that fair play 
 had not been meted out to him, refused to name a successor, and thereupon Mr. 
 Letellier sent for Hon. Mr. Joly de Lotbiniere and invited him to form a Ministry, 
 which he did. One of his contemporaries was Hon. Honore Mercier, now dismissed 
 in turn by Governor Angers, who was then a colleague of Mr. De Boucherville and 
 Attorney General. In October, 1879, the Joly Ministry was defeated, and Mr, 
 Chapleau came back to power with the Conservatives and as Premier, but Mr. De 
 Boucherville did not enter the Cabinet, having accomplished all he wanted in driv- 
 ing his opponents from office. In 1879, he was called to the Senate of Canada. He 
 was married twice, his second wife being Mile C. Lussier of Varennes, who died a 
 few days ago. Last December he was called on to form a new Ministry on the 
 dismissal of the Mercier Cabinet, which he did, and the result of the Elections of 
 the 8th of March last has replaced him in power with an overwhelming majority. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 l 7 3 
 
 ROBERT ARMOUR. 
 
 There were three brothers, Robert, Hugh and Shaw — all born in Kilmarnock, Scot- 
 land. Robert, the eldest, came to Canada in 1798. He commenced business in 
 Montreal, and soon became the head of the firm of “ R. Armour & Co/’ In 1817, his 
 name occurs as the senior partner of the firm of Robert Armour & Davis. Robert, 
 his son, died in Montreal, 1859. He had been the first partner in the old and well- 
 known publishing firm of “ Armour & Ramsay.” They had owned the Gazette for 
 many years. His uncles, Hugh and Shaw Armour, had come to Canada a few years 
 after their brother Robert. Hugh died in 1822 at St. Therese, and Shaw removed 
 to Upper Canada in 1820, where his descendants are found at the present day. 
 
 HEW RAMSAY. 
 
 Hew Ramsay was well known in Montreal thirty-five years ago. He was a pub- 
 lisher with Armour. He married Agnes Hunter, and then resided at a fine suburban 
 residence at the Tanneries called “ The Glen,” where he died some years ago. Their 
 son, the late advocate, Robert A. Ramsay, was a brilliant youth, and at his death 
 was universally lamented. He had passed most successfully through McGill High 
 School and the University, and was one of the Fellows when he died. Mrs. H. 
 Ramsay died not long since. 
 
 JOHN FISHER 
 
 Was born in Montreal in 1788, thus his family must have been among the earliest 
 in the city. When he grew up, his business was known as that of “ Daniel & John 
 Fisher,” grocers and dry goods merchants — or what was in those early days “a 
 general store,” as seen in the country at the present day. In October, 1821, he 
 married Miss Hunter of Quebec. She was one of the handsomest women of her 
 times, and the writer well remembers her, between forty and fifty years ago, as such, 
 with her daughters. They lived then in St. Antoine street. He represented Montreal 
 West in the Provincial Parliament from 1830 to 1834. After an eventful life he died 
 in Montreal. 
 
 EUSTACHE PRUDHOMME 
 
 Was a Notary of Montreal, being born there, and studied in that city. His poetry 
 is most descriptive, and for the most pait published in the Revue Cauadieu/ie . In 
 the one “ Mon Village ” the author shows an immense amount of vivacity. His 
 best poem is “ Les Martyrs de la Foi en Canada.” For this work he obtained the 
 silver medal in the Congress of Poesy, in 1868. He was also honorably mentioned 
 in that of 1867 for his poem of “ La d£couverte du Canada.” 
 
174 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 DAVID MORRICE. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in Perth, Scotland. His was a home where 
 careful Christian advantages of teaching were seen in everything. He attended the 
 High School of his native city, and received there a thorough secular and commer- 
 cial education. Afterwards he entered business in Perth, but shortly after went to 
 Ireland, remaining a short time in the cities of Dublin and Cork. Thence he went to 
 England and resided chiefly in London, Liverpool and Manchester — the great 
 manufacturing and exporting cities of Britain. In all these places he was receiving 
 that knowledge and experience which has been turned to so good account in this 
 country. When he was twenty-three years of age, he left England and arrived in 
 Montreal in 1855. Remaining a short time there he went to Toronto where he lived 
 for some time, being employed by a large wholesale establishment in that city In 
 1863, Mr. Morrice removed to Montreal, and began to build up the immense busi- 
 ness now managed by him and his sons. As general merchants and manufacturers' 
 agents, they carry on the largest business of their line in the Dominion. 1 hey have 
 Large warehouses in Montreal and Toronto, and control over forty cotton and woollen 
 mills throughout the country. 
 
 On the arrival of Mr. Morrice in Montreal, he attended Cotte Street Church, 
 where Rev. Dr. MacVicar was the Minister, and the late Hon. Justice Torrance the 
 Sunday School Superintendent. On the retirement of the latter from his duties, 
 Mr. Morrice was elected Superintendent, and has now been for a quarter of a cen- 
 tury the efficient and beloved head of the large Sunday School in connection with 
 the church. 
 
 In 1876-77, he was an active worker and a generous donor to Crescent Street 
 Church, which was erected when the old building in Cotte street was sold. Lut the 
 work by which he is most widely known, and by which his name will be perpetuated 
 to distant generations, is part of the Presbyterian College of Montreal, or as it is 
 better known by the name of “ David Morrice Hall.” This cost the large sum of 
 $80,000, and was opened with great rejoicings on 28th November, 1882. This was 
 the beginning of other substantial donations to the College since. He has been a 
 liberal giver to the Young Men’s Christian Association, the General Hospital, the 
 
 Sailors’ Institute, the House of Refuge, etc. 
 
 In June, 1881, he married Anne S. Anderson, of Toronto, a lady who has 
 admirably helped him and seconded all his undertakings— a true helpmeet to him. 
 He has seven sons and one daughter. His two eldest sons are now members of the 
 firm, and another is practising Law. He is a member of various societies, the chief 
 being the Microscopic Club, and for many years a Director of the large cotton mills 
 in the East End of the City. In conclusion I may quote from a former writer, who 
 says : “ In combining Christian effort, and in freely and wisely dispensing his bounty 
 during his own lifetime, he has set an example which our merchant princes and 
 wealthy men generally would do well to follow.” 
 
tfu. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 *75 
 
 ATHANASE BRANCHAUD, Q.C. 
 
 Mr. Branchaud, son of the late Jean Baptiste Branchaud, and of the late Louise 
 Claire Primeau, was born at Beauharnois in the year 1840. Received his educa- 
 tion at the College of St. Therdse, but graduated and received the degree of 
 B.C.L. at McGill. Studied Law in the office of the late firm of Messrs. A. & W. Ro- 
 bertson, was admitted to the Bar in 1862, and commenced practice at Huntingdon in 
 partnership with W. W. Robertson, Q.C., whom he has always looked upon as one 
 of his most esteemed friends. Married Charlotte Isidora Caine in 1864, by whom he 
 had two daughters, who died in 1869. Married a second time to Miss Louise 
 Malhiot, by whom he has another daughter. Removed to Montreal in the year 1874, 
 and entered into partnership with Frederick T. Judah and the present Judge Wurtele • 
 the firm now being Judah, Branchaud & Kavanagh. At the death of the late Henry 
 Judah, Q.C., he was, jointly with Mr. F. T. Judah, appointed Solicitor of the Trust 
 & Loan Company of Canada, and he is also Solicitor of the City and District Savings 
 Bank. He was created a Queen’s Counsel in January, 1890. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 176 
 
 ALEXANDER McAULEY MURPHY. 
 
 The subject of this short sketch was born in Carrickfergus, Ireland, on the 26th 
 May, 1791. Two years before he came to Canada, in 1817, he married Jane Allen, 
 who shared all the trials of a new country with her husband. He arrived in Canada 
 in 1819, and from that period was a citizen of Montreal. Coming from the great linen 
 districts of Ireland, Mr. Murphy’s store was always a great rendezvous for all kinds 
 of Irish linen, etc. He commenced business in 1819, the year of his arrival, in 
 Notre Dame Street, and retired in i860. The business was carried on in the same 
 store where Mr. Murphy had been so long and well known by his two sons, Alexan- 
 der and John, under the title of Murphy Brothers. After some years they dissolved 
 partnership. John, the younger son, is at this day one of the largest dry goods 
 merchants in the city, his extensive premises being about opposite the place where 
 his father did business for over fifty years. 
 
 Of his daughters, one married George Childs, merchant; another Dr. Bowlby, 
 of Berlin, Ontario ; and a third H. F. J. Jackson, of Berlin. 
 
 WILLIAM PARKYN 
 
 Was born at St. Austell, Cornwall, England, in the year 1807. His father was also 
 named William Parkyn. In 1818, he came to Halifax, N.S., where he remained for six 
 years, and afterwards to Montreal in 1824. In 1825, he commenced business, and 
 after four years he began running the steamboat “ Cornwall” from Lachine to 
 Carillon, afterwards he was on the “ St. Lawrence,” “ John Molson,” “ Canada,” and 
 “ John Bull.” 
 
 In 1838, he commenced with Mr. Molson the St. Mary’s Foundry, now the 
 Montreal Rubber Works, till 1845, which year he took the establishment on his 
 own account and continued it to 1849. The next year, 1850, we find him 
 running the “ St. Lawrence,” between Montreal and Quebec. In the year following 
 he fitted up the steamer “ Jenny Lind,” which also plied between Montreal and 
 Quebec. In 1853, he bought all the water power of the Canal from the Government 
 which is situated at Cote St. Paul; selling part, he built on the remainder several 
 factories which were rented out as shovel, axe, and other factories ; after this he 
 devoted himself to flour milling, chiefly in the Avon Mills, which were burnt down. 
 
 He built the only steamboats of iron ever made in Montreal, viz,, “ The Prince 
 Albert,” ‘‘Fire Fly,” “Richelieu,” and the “ Iron Duke” ; also the “ Emerald” and 
 “ Oregon,” which last two are now running on the Upper Ottawa. He died some 
 years ago. 
 
177 
 
 V^' 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 FREDERICK T. JUDAH, Q.C., 
 
 Was born at Three Rivers in the year 1828, and removed to Montreal in 1836. He 
 studied Law in the offices of the late Honorable C. S. DeBleury and the late Andrew 
 Robertson, Q.C., and was admitted to the Bar in 1848, and in the following year 
 accepted a position in the Department of Crown Lands, and for many years had 
 charge of the Jesuits’ Estates property and the Royal Domain, consisting of the 
 Crown Seigniories, Mines and Fisheries. He resigned his office at Confederation 
 in 1867, and came to Montreal to practice Law in partnership with the present Judge 
 Wurtele. The firm, which is the Solicitor of several large financial institutions in 
 this city, is now Judah, Branchaud & Kavanagh. He was married in 1851 to Miss 
 Sarah Caine, daughter of the late John Caine, and descendant of the late William 
 Lapsley of Glasgow, Scotland, and has seven children. He was created a Queen’s 
 Counsel in the year 1887. Mr. Judah replaced his uncle, the late Henry Judah, 
 Q.C., and Chief Seigniorial Commissioner, whose heir he was, and is one of the 
 largest real estate owners in Montreal. He is a Director of the City and District 
 Savings Bank. 
 
 12 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 F. C. DAVID, J.P. 
 
 
 
 
 
 N 
 
 destroying one oi mb uugcia. , 
 
 The event of the family was the tragedy in which Robert Sweeny had a mis- 
 understanding with a Major Ward of the “ Royals,” then quartered in Montreal. He 
 was, like his brother, a lawyer, and the quarrel arose about some foolish nonsense 
 connected with his wife, who afterwards as a widow married the late Sir John Rose, 
 Bart. Having sent a challenge to Major Ward, they met May 22nd, 1838, and 
 Sweeny, who had an unerring aim, shot his opponent dead. The witnesses or the 
 seconds with Sweeny immediately fled to the United States. The only witness 
 besides was a French farmer called Lanouette. The duel was fought on “ the 0 ^ 
 Race Course.” Lanouette said to Sweeny : “ Vous avez mal commence votre journee. 
 At the Grand Jury, no witnesses appearing, Sweeny had a “ No BUI." Afterwards 
 he returned to Montreal, but he died not long after from melancholy over the sad 
 event. He was well known among the Cavalry Volunteers of Montreal at that time, 
 and it is said he could hit a post at full gallop every time, so true and splendid a 
 marksman he was, hence the melancholy death of poor Major Ward. 
 
 Was born near Glasgow, Scotland, some eighty years ago, and removed to . on 
 treal in the year 1840. By diligence, prudence and temperance he has amassed one 
 of the largest fortunes in the city. He has ever been ready to aid each good cause, 
 and especially his own Church, the Presbyterian, has received many substantial testi- 
 monies of this. He is Vice-President of the Merchants’ Bank, and has always been 
 an active worker in the Church. Mr. Anderson has never married. His property 
 consists almost entirely of stocks — bank and otherwise. 
 
 ROBERT ANDERSON 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 179 
 
 HON. L. HOLTON 
 
 Was born at South Leeds, Ontario, January, 1817, and removed to Montreal in 1826. 
 Whilst a young man Mr. Holton engaged in commercial pursuits, and for 
 years was a member of the firm of Hooker & Holton, forwarders. He was also 
 engaged in railways, and was connected with the firm of Gzowski & Co., who built a 
 considerable part of the Grand Trunk west of Toronto. He was for some time a 
 member of the Montreal Corporation, was repeatedly President of the Board of 
 Trade and Montreal Savings Bank, was a Harbor Commissioner and a Director of 
 the late City Bank. He sat for Montreal in the Canadian Assembly from 1854 to 
 1857. From 1852 to 1857 he was a Governor and Director of the Grand 
 Trunk Railway. He was a member of the Executive Council of Canada for the 
 Brown-Dorion Administration, holding offices on these two occasions of Commissioner 
 of Public Works, and in the Short Administration that of Minister of Finance. 
 He was a member for the Victoria Division of the Legislative Council of Canada 
 from 1862 to 1863. Being appointed Minister of Finance, he resigned and was re- 
 turned for Chateauguay, which he represented till 1867, and after Confederation to 
 his death in 1880. After having faithfully served his Queen and country for the 
 long space of upwards of twenty-six years, he died suddenly at Ottawa in the midst 
 of his Parliamentary duties on the 4th March, 1880. He married Eliza Forbes, who 
 died a few weeks ago ; and of all his children only two survive — his son, Mr. Edward 
 Holton, having been the elected candidate to represent the county a month after his 
 father’s death. At the last General Election he retired, but it is to be hoped that he 
 will again be induced to enter Parliament, as he was one of the few who thoroughly 
 knew (like his father) Parliamentary usages, and the peculiar routine of a member of 
 the House of Commons, Ottawa. 
 
 r* 
 
 EDWARD HOLTON, B.C.L. 
 
 He is the only surviving son of the well-known Hon. Luther Holton, who repre- 
 sented Chateauguay in the Commons from the Union to his death, March, 1880. 
 Edward was born in Montreal, September, 1844. Educated in Montreal and Mc- 
 Gill University. Called to the Bar of Quebec, June, 1867. Married in October, 1873, 
 Helen, daughter of Mr. Wm. Ford, of Kingston. He was returned to Parliament 
 when his father died in April, 1880, and re-elected at the General Elections in 1882. 
 He is a Liberal in politics. Mr. Holton retired from Parliamentary life at the last 
 General Elections, and is devoting his energies to the duties of his profession. His 
 aged mother died a short time ago. It is to be hoped that he may be induced to 
 reconsider his resolution and once more enter public life, as with his own experience 
 and the eclat of his father’s, the House of Commons would be the better of his 
 influence and presence. 
 
i8o 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 JOHN JAMES DAY, Q.C. 
 
 The subject of the following sketch is perhaps the oldest of our Advocates, and 
 therefore the Father of the Montreal Bar. Possessing a clear and comprehensive 
 mind an energy and directness of purpose, which admitted of no deflection, he has 
 always been in the world of mind and action a powerful and most remarkable man. 
 
 Born in London, England, September nth, 1805, a month before the heroic 
 Nelson fell in his decisive battle of Trafalgar, he grew up amid the wild and exciting 
 scenes which marked the splendor and the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte and among 
 his earliest recollections would be the national joy and festivities which followed the 
 crowning victory of Waterloo. 
 
 In the year 1824, he married Cybella Ann, only daughter of Thomas Eastman, 
 a prominent London merchant and shipowner. Leaving the land of his nativity, he 
 crossed the ocean, and passing through the United States, arrived m Montreal 1,1 
 the autumn of 1828. Determining to make the Law his profession, he studied for 
 some time in the office of Wm. Walker, Q.C., a famous advocate of that time, and 
 was called to the Bar in the year 1834. During the troubled period of 1837-38, 
 Mr. Day, as a loyal subject of Her Majesty, shouldered his musket, and endured the 
 hardships of a soldier’s life. Being made a Captain on account of his conspicuous 
 and sterling qualities, he contributed materially to the order and quiet of the 
 
 country. „ . , , . 
 
 Entering the Corporation of the City of Montreal, he performed valuable service 
 
 in securing the beautiful Viger Gardens as a public square, at a time when the bene- 
 faction of the Hon. D. B. Viger was in danger, through the inaction of the civic 
 
 authorities, of being irretrievably lost. _ 
 
 The subject of this memoir was also one of the originators and founders of the 
 Montreal High School, an institution which has had the honor of educating hundreds 
 of the leading men of this city and Province. At first affiliated with McGill College, 
 it stood as an adjunct to that famous seat of learning ; subsequently, however, it was 
 made over to the Protestant School Commissioners, under whose care it has remained 
 ever since. 
 
 Mr. Day was also one of the promoters of the Mount Royal Cemetery, a quiet 
 resting place for the sainted dead, which has elicited the praise of all who have 
 
 visited it. # . 
 
 It was, however, during the stormy scenes of the Rebellion Losses Bill, in 1849, 
 that the strong, manly and determined character of Mr. Day shone out with peculiar 
 lustre. He alone went to Lord Elgin, at that time residing in Monklands, and 
 urged him to visit the city and assert his authority as the Governor General of the 
 country and the representative of the Queen. Mr. Day considered that by His 
 Excellency adopting such a course, not only would the dignity of the Crown be 
 maintained, but also the lawlessness and anarchy then rampant in the city be 
 effectually suppressed. 
 

 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. l8l 
 
 In 1862, as a mark of the high estimation in which he was held, Mr. Day was 
 appointed Queen’s Counsel, an honor which he richly deserved. It is only justice 
 to Mr. Day to state that throughout his long legal practice he has ever been distin- 
 guished by two great and ever to be appreciated virtues. We refer first , to his in- 
 tense honesty and integrity of purpose. Seeking only what was right rather than 
 what was profitable, he has earned for himself a reputation more to be desired than 
 fine gold. And secondly , for the unwearying industry with which he has always 
 labored in the interest of his clients, not only endeavoring to grasp to the uttermost 
 their contention, but also to leave no stone unturned and no argument unused to 
 secure a judgment in their favor. 
 
 His family are well known in Montreal. His eldest son, James Gilmour, is an 
 advocate, practising in Troy in the State of New York ; his second son, George 
 Bosworth, is Consul General for the Republic of Chili, and doing business in Mon- 
 treal ; his youngest son, Pldmund Thomas, is an advocate of the Montreal Bar ; his 
 eldest daughter, Cybella Ann, was married to one of the most revered and respected 
 ministers of the city, the late Henry Wilkes, D.D. ; his second daughter, Mary Amelia 
 Park, was married to the late Chas. A. Burgess, of the city of Buenos Ayres, South 
 America ; his youngest daughter, Sarah Jessie, is married to the Right Rev. 
 Maurice S. Baldwin, Bishop of Huron. 
 
 We are glad to say that Mr. Day still lives in the enjoyment of comparatively 
 good health, and is yet able at his advanced age to discharge the various duties of 
 his profession. 
 
 MAXIMILIAN BIBAUD 
 
 Was the son of the illustrious Michel. He inherited a great share of his father’s 
 classic mind. He founded what is called in French, “ L’Ecole de droit du College 
 Ste. Marie.” His writings were very original and instructive. His great work was 
 “ Dictionaire Iiistorique des hommes illustres du Canada et de L’Amerique.” He 
 wrote many interesting pamphlets !on Canada or connected with her affairs, and 
 after an eventful life died some years ago in Montreal. 
 
 L’ABBfi DANIEL. 
 
 The author of tl Histoire des Grandes Families du Canada ou Apergu sur le Chevalier 
 Benoit et quelques families contemporaires,” was one of the St. Sulpicians, or 44 du 
 Seminaire de St. Sulpice.” It is a work of great merit, and some of the most ancient 
 of the Canadian families are traced there by the hand of a master. It is full of facts, 
 details, adventures and incidents belonging to these high families. When I men- 
 tion a few of those written about one can see the value to the future historian 
 of such a work. We find there the families of Longueuil, de Beaujeu, de Montigny, 
 Duchesnay, Guy.de Vaudreuil, de Lotbiniere-Harwood, Biby, de Boucherville, De- 
 Salaberry, etc. L’Abb6 Daniel is an ornament to Canada. When he published his work 
 over twenty years ago, he had all the portraits (steel engravings) made in Paris, such 
 a thing could not be procured in Montreal. Now any kind of engraving can be made 
 in our city, and for fineness of work and finish will compare favorably with that of 
 older cities. 
 
182 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 G. J. B. LaMOTHE 
 
 Was born in Montreal on the 24th September, 1824. His father, Captain M. La- 
 Mothe, was Superintendent of the Indian Department from 1816 to his death in 
 1826. He was the Captain in command of the Indian allies at the memorable battle 
 of Chateauguay. The grandfather of this sketch was Captain Joseph LaMothe. In 
 1776, the Military Commandant of Montreal entrusted him with most important 
 despatches for General Guy Carleton, then besieged in Quebec. An account of this 
 adventure is written in the previous History of Montreal, page 20 of this Book. Hon. 
 Judge Baby notified the writer that the person was Mr. Papineau, the father of the 
 celebrated leader of 1837-38 ; but I find that Mr. LaMothe’s grandfather is cred- 
 ited with the adventure. However, nothing is said of placing the despatches in a 
 hollow staff, as is found in a note in one of the large Histories of Canada, I think 
 Smith’s. Be that as it may, the arrival of the letters, etc., in proper time con- 
 tributed to the salvation of Quebec, as the inhabitants were ready for the Americans 
 under General Montgomery when he arrived to besiege the city. The LaMothes 
 have been, and are one of the oldest families in Montreal. They came originally 
 from Bordeaux, France. Mention is made of the family in 1673, and we find one 
 Pierre de St. Paul de LaMothe as Commander of the Town and Island of Montreal in 
 the year 1689. 
 
 The subject of our sketch was educated at St. Hyacinthe College, and after- 
 wards at Montreal College. He had for some years been in the A oluntcei Cavalry 
 before he was transferred to and promoted Major commanding the Rifle Companies 
 (police) active force in Montreal- In 1861, he was appointed Chief of Police of the 
 city, and held that office to 1865, when he resigned. It was Mr. LaMothe, in his 
 official capacity, that effected the capture of the celebrated St. Albans Raiders. On 
 the 15th July, 1874, he was appointed Postmaster of Montreal, and continued to fill 
 this important office till 1891, when he retired on a pension. He has travelled 
 extensively on the Continent of Europe and in England. When he was in England 
 he joined an expedition against Ecuador (South America), which, after putting to 
 sea, was overtaken by a British man-of-war and brought back to London. He also 
 took partin the French Revolution of 1848, and at the storming of the Tuilleries Mr. 
 LaMothe was one of the very first to enter the Palace. After this he travelled on 
 foot all through Switzerland and Italy, and here in the sunny land of Italia he be- 
 came a benedict, having married in Rome, in 1850, Marguerite de Savoye. He re- 
 turned to Canada and his native city. He has one son, an Advocate of Montreal 
 Bar, and four daughters. The oldest is married to Hon. J. R. Thibaudeau, Senator 
 for the division of Rigaud, and now the efficient Sheriff for Montreal and District, 
 and another is married to a gentleman of Quebec. Mr. LaMothe’s career bears out 
 what I have said of all the living or dead true Montrealers, that every one of them 
 has made his mark either on the political, social, literary or mercantile platforms of 
 his native city and country. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 183 
 
 MOST REV. IGNACE BOURGET 
 
 Was born at Point Levis, near Quebec, October 30th, 1799. Ordained November, 
 1822, and appointed Coadjutor to Bishop Lartigue in 1837. He became, on the death 
 of that well-known Prelate, the Bishop of Montreal. In 1876, owing to infirmity 
 and old age, he resigned his seat, and was made Titular Archbishop of Marian- 
 opolis (in partibus). His life was an eventful one, and his sermons to the Roman 
 Catholics in Canada can never be over-estimated. He brought no less than 
 fifteen religious orders into the country, among which may be mentioned “ The 
 Jesuits,” “ Oblates,” “ Brothers of the Christian Schools,” “ Fathers of the 
 Holy Cross,” “ Sisters of Providence,” “Sisters of the Good Shepherd,” “Brothers 
 of Charity,” etc. Such was his reputation for sanctity that many miracles have been 
 attributed to him. He celebrated the Golden Jubilee of his ordination in 1882, and 
 died June, 1885, leaving a name which all classes and creeds united to honor. 
 The writer and Author of this book adds that the good Archbishop entirely approved 
 of his work, “The Harp of Canaan,” and one of the most flattering letters ever 
 received by an Author was issued from the Palace to him by one of the Canons in 
 regard to the same book. 
 
 DR. CHENIER 
 
 Was born in Longueuil in 1806. In 1817, Dr. Kimber, of Montreal, seeing the boy’s 
 precocity and aptitude, took him under his patronage, sent him to school and then 
 to college. Such was his ardor and assiduity that on the 25th February, 1828, he 
 was received as a Doctor, and established himself at St. Benoit, in the County of 
 Two Mountains. In 1831, he married Miss Labrieand then went to Saint Eustache, 
 entering with all his heart and soul into the troubles of 1837—38. He was slain at 
 Saint Eustache, in the battle between the Patriots and the Queen’s Troops. Of all 
 the Chiefs of the Patriots, Chenier is the one whose memory will last the longest. 
 His death attests the sincerity of his patriotism, and justifies the confidence the 
 people placed in him. As Mr. L. O. David says : — “ Les Canadiens Frangais ne 
 cesseront jamais de se re peter, de p£re en fils, le rdcit de sa mort heroique, et long- 
 temps on dira : 1 Brave comme Chenier.’ ” 
 
 FENNINGS TAYLOR 
 
 Was born in London, and came to Toronto in 1836. He was all his life connected 
 with the Government offices. As a writer he is, perhaps, one af the most favorably 
 known. His style is beautiful, and his flights of rhetoric are telling. What brought 
 him fame was his “ Portraits of British Americans,” by William Notman, Montreal, 
 with Biographical Sketches by Fennings Taylor, in three volumes of four hundred 
 pages each. He also wrote “ The Three Last Bishops appointed by the Crown 
 in Canada,” and published by John Lovell, Montreal, and another well-known work 
 of his that was also published in Montreal, on the murder of Hon. T. D’Arcy McGee, 
 with a full account of his funeral in that City. 
 

 u 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 WILLIAM COFFIN. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was once the Sheriff of the District of Montreal. His 
 great work is “ 1812, The War and Its Moral, A Canadian Chronicle.” ^ He has 
 made a most interesting narrative of one of the most important periods in Canadian 
 History, and every after writer has drawn considerably from his well-written book 
 when writing on the War of 1812. His name will ever be remembered in Canadian 
 History as a reliable, honest and valuable writer on the war between his native 
 country and the United States. 
 
 MICHEL BIBAUD 
 
 Was born in 1782, and died 1857. He was a great historian, and his History of 
 Canada to this day holds a first part in the annals of the country. ‘‘The Voyage of 
 Franchere ” is also another interesting and instructive book, containing much infor- 
 mation of America from 1810 to 1814- It was published in Montreal in the year 
 1820, and is, perhaps, one of the best and oldest of our literature. C, B. Pas- 
 teur, of Montreal, was the printer. 
 
 JACQUES VIGER. 
 
 He is otherwise called Commander Viger, and was born in Montreal, in 1787* a ^d 
 died in 1858. He made his classical studies at the College of Montreal, which then 
 was called by the name of the College of St. Raphael. In the M ar of 1812, he was an 
 officer under DeSalaberry. He passed the greater part of his life as a collector of 
 historical documents and pamphlets pertaining to the history of the country. Every- 
 body consulted Jacques Viger on any difficult historical point. He was Mayor of 
 Montreal in 1832, and was recommended by Lord Gosford to a seat in the Legisla- 
 tive and Executive Council. He was a great writer, and perhaps his most interesting 
 work for Montreal was that published in 1841, and titled, “Rapports surles chemins, 
 rues, ruelles, ponts de la Cite et Paroisse de Montreal avec Notes. ” Huston, a well- 
 known writer, calls him “ Le Benediction du Canada.” Every one who wrote on 
 Canada in his time consulted him freely — as Garneau, Taillon, Mergry, Aupere. etc. 
 He was an ornament to his native city. 
 
 DR. GAUVIN. 
 
 He belonged to one of the most estimable families of Montreal. His mother and 
 sisters are gratefully remembered for their help and assistance to the Patriot pri- 
 soners, and their charity. The sisters afterwards were Mrs. Brault and Mrs. Ostell. 
 Dr. Gauvin contracted disease whilst incarcerated as a political offender in the 
 Montreal Gaol, and died not long after the cessation of the troubles of 1837-38, 
 
 r' 
 

GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 185 
 
 HECTOR MUNRO. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in Blanislie, Roxboroughshire, Scotland, on 
 the 2 1 st Janury, 1807. When he was about twenty-four years of age his parents 
 left Blanislie to reside in the City of Edinburgh. Hector went with them, having 
 learnt his trade in his native place with his father, who was a contractor. Marrying 
 at the age of twenty-five, he and his wife, in 1832, left Scotland for America. They 
 made Canada their destination, and arrived in Montreal the same year. Quite a 
 misfortune overtook them on their way out, the ship having been wrecked, and the 
 newly wedded couple lost all they possessed save their clothes. With his indomi- 
 table pluck he soon set up for himself in Montreal, and prospered as a contractor. 
 Some of the largest and most important buildings and highways were constructed by 
 him. The well-known Bonsecours Market was one of his largest public buildings. 
 He had very large contracts with the Government on the Lachine and Rideau Canals, 
 and also at Sorel, Three Rivers, St. Johns, and Chambly. 
 
 In railways he was also a large contractor, being employed on the Lachine Rail- 
 way, and especially on the Grand Trunk between Longueuil and the Province Line. 
 In all these undertakings Mr. Munro displayed remarkable energy. 
 
 He held the office of Protestant School Commissioner for some years, and his 
 practical knowledge was of the utmost importance to the School Board in the build- 
 ing of several of their large schools. He was one of the founders of the Mechanics’ 
 Institute, one of its Presidents, and an active member till within a few years of his 
 death. 
 
 He was also a great friend and supporter of the Bible Society of Montreal, and 
 almost daily visited the Bible House to give any help or advice required. After 
 an eventful and active life he died on the 5th Oetober, 1888, aged eighty-one. 
 
 At the special meeting of the Committee of the Bible Society after his death, 
 the following resolution was unanimously passed and sent to his family : — “ The 
 Committee have heard with much concern the intelligence now received of the 
 sudden decease of their esteemed colleague, and they desire to place on record their 
 high sense of the value of the services rendered by him to this Society, in various ways, 
 during the long period of his connection with it, and also of the loss the Society has 
 sustained by his death, whereby it will be deprived of his unfailing interest and long 
 continued efforts to promote the work in which it is engaged.” 
 
 He left three sons and three 'daughters. One daughter is married to our well- 
 known and highly respected citizen, Mr. James Haite, Chemist and Druggist, whose 
 establishment, for over thirty years, has been a landmark in Central Notre Dame 
 street. Another daughter is married to Dr. McBean, late of Martintown, Ontario* 
 and now of this City. 
 
1 86 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 PIERRE ETIENNE PICAULT, M.D., 
 
 Was born at Courtenay, Department of the Loire (France), 12th April, 1809, from 
 a distinguished family of physicians, being the fifth physician from father to son. 
 His father, Chevalier de la Legion d’honneur, received one silver medal in 1808 
 from the Emperor Napoleon the 1st, and another in 1818 from Louis the 18th, 
 King of France, for his zeal and success in the propagation of the vaccine. 
 
 He took his degree as Doctor in Medicine in 1831? and arrived in Montreal in 
 1833. Foreign Diplomas not being admitted in Canada at that time, he was em- 
 ployed as Professor of French Literature by the most important schools of the day. 
 
 In 1838, the law having been altered, he took his licence to practice medicine, 
 and soon opened a pharmacy, which to this day has ranked amongst the best in the 
 city. 
 
 Called to succeed T. Doucet, Esq., he was appointed by the French Govern- 
 ment, in 1868, Agent Consulate of France, and promoted to the Grade of Vice- 
 Consul in 1869. He died some years ago. 
 
 CHARLES HEAVYSEGE 
 
 Was born in Liverpool, England, on the 2nd of May, 1816. Arriving in Montreal 
 lie took up the work of a machinist. Afterwards he became a local reporter for the 
 Wit 71 ess. He was over forty years old before he published any poetry. He pub- 
 lished “Saul,” his greatest work, in 1857. This work fell into the hands of Haw- 
 thorne, who had it favorably reviewed in the Noi'th British Review . Longfellow 
 and Emerson both spoke highly of its excellence. Longfellow declared it “ The best 
 tragedy written since the days of Shakespeare.” After this his adopted countrymen 
 discovered that they had a genius of no common order amongst them. In i860 he 
 published “Count Philippo ”, and in 1865 his “ Jephtha’s Daughter,’ a drama in 
 some respects even superior to that of “ Saul.” The same year he printed the novel, 
 “ The Advocate,” a story of old Montreal. The last poem he sent to the press, 
 just before his death, was “ The Dark Huntsman.” His death occurred in August, 
 1876, in Montreal, where he had resided ever since his arrival, twenty-eight years 
 before. 
 
 WILLIAM II. HICKS, 
 
 He is a native of Portsmouth, England, being born on the 17th November, 1816. 
 After teaching school for fourteen years in England, he came to Montreal in connec- 
 tion with the Colonial Church and School Society. When the Normal Schools 
 were established Mr. Hicks was made Professor of English Literature, Sir William 
 Dawson being President. About 1871, he resigned the situation on account of old 
 age. He married in 1843 Isabella Barron of London, and has a large family, the 
 most noted being Francis, known as Frank Hicks, who was one of our most 
 popular teachers in Montreal some years ago. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 187 
 
 SIR JOHN ROSE. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1820. He came 
 to Canada with his parents in 1836. He was called to the Bar in 1842, and became 
 Solicitor-General in 1857, entering Parliament the same year for the City of Montreal. 
 In 1858, he was Receiver-General of Canada, and Minister of Public Works in 1859. 
 He became Finance Minister and a member of the Privy Council in 1867. Resign- 
 ing office in 1869, he removed to London, England, in 1870, and there became a 
 partner in the banking firm of Morton, Rose & Co. He was sent on a confidential 
 mission to the United States after the Civil War in connection with the settlement of 
 difficulties arising from it between the countries. This resulted in the Treaty of 
 Washington. For this service the Queen created him a Baronet. In 1869, he again 
 went to Washington for the Dominion Government on the subject of Reciprocity, 
 the Fisheries, and other International questions. Afterwards the Queen made him a 
 Privy Councillor and a Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. 
 He was a trustee of the Royal College of Music, and a member of the Council of the 
 Duchy of Cornwall. For the last ten years of his life he took an active part in Lon- 
 don affairs, being a Director of both the Westminster and London Banks and Royal 
 Exchange Insurance Co., and a Deputy-Governor of the Hudson Bay Co., and the 
 Chairman of the South Australian Co. 
 
 He had gone deer-stalking in Caithness, Scotland, and fell dead as he was about 
 to fire at a stag. His first wife was the widow of Robert Sweeney, a name well-known 
 in Montreal, on account of the Major Ward duel in 183S, and his second wife was 
 the Dowager Marchioness of Tweedale. In early life he was a teacher of a little 
 school in Huntingdon, his parents having settled in that locality. 
 
 The remarkable career of Sir John Rose should be an incentive to the present 
 generation. What has been done can be done, and in the coming century more 
 wonderful things will yet be done. Let then the young man’s motto ever be 
 “ Excelsior.” 
 
 HON. JUDGE McKAY. 
 
 He was born in Montreal, 27th October, 1816, and was the second son of Col. Robt. 
 McKay, of the Indian Department. He was educated in Montreal, studied Law 
 and was called to the Bar in 1839. He was appointed one of the Commissioners to 
 consolidate the General Statutes of Lower Canada and Canada respectively in 
 1856. He was appointed a Judge 27th August, 1868, and in November of the same 
 year an Assistant Judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench. After many years of useful- 
 ness he died some time ago. He is remembered by his gift of valuable pictures 
 to the Art Gallery, and other donations to different institutions. He was a man of 
 sterling value, virtue and respect ; tall, spare and somewhat stern, nevertheless the 
 public had great confidence in his legal decisions. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 188 
 
 WALTER SHANLY 
 
 Was born at Stradbally, Queers County, Ireland. His father, James Shanly, came to 
 Canada about 1836, and settled near London, Ontario. From 1843 to 1858 Walter 
 Shanley was the Resident Engineer in the Beauharnois as also in the Welland 
 Canals; of the Ottawa and Prescott Railway from 1851 to 1854; in the Western 
 Division of the Grand Trunk Railway from 1851 to 1857 > and General Manager of 
 the Grand Trunk Railway from 1858 to 1862. His greatest achievement, however, 
 was the construction of the Hoosac Mountain Tunnel, Mass., U.S. In 1863? he was 
 returned to Parliament for South Grenville, and continued to represent it to 1872. 
 In 1885 he was again elected, and is still the member for that constituency. 
 
 HONORS BEAUGRAND 
 
 Was born at Lanoraie, 24th March, 1848. and educated in Joliette College. He entered 
 the Military School in 1865. Passing there, he went to Mexico and joined the French 
 army, which was supporting Maximilian. After two years he returned with the French 
 army to France, receiving the Mexican Medal for his services. After this, he came 
 to New Orleans, and joined the staff of one of the papers of the Crescent city. He 
 returned to Canada in 1878, and founded the well-known paper called La fatrie . 
 He received in 1885 the Cross of a Knight of the Legion of Honor from President 
 Grevy, of France. His paper is a recognized one among the Liberals of the Province 
 of Quebec. In 1885, he was elected Mayor of Montreal, disputing with Hon. J. L. 
 Beaudry, who had kept the office for ten years past, and who was then considered 
 infallible. He married Eliza, daughter of S. Walker of Fall River, Mass. During 
 the term of his office as Mayor he displayed very remarkable powers of organization) 
 fitness of office and a single desire to promote the best interests of the city at a time 
 when the city was much moved, viz : during the Riel trouble, small-pox epidemic 
 and Orange excitement, and the flood of 1885-86. He was one of the most efficient 
 Mayors who ever sat in the Civic Chair of the City of Montreal. 
 
 J. P. ROTTOT, M.D., 
 
 Was born on the 3rd of July, 1820. Studied at the Montreal College and passed 
 with dclat. He was commissioned Captain of Militia of the 10th Battalion, 9th July, 
 1847, an d admitted to the practice of Medicine on the 16th November of the same 
 year. He was elected one of the Councillors of the Corporation of Montreal in 1856. 
 He is Attending Physician to the Hotel-Dieu Hospital, and Professor of Medical 
 Jurisprudence in the School of Medicine and Surgery of Montreal ever since i860. 
 He is a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, 
 and a member of the Board of Governors of that College. He was the Editor in 
 Chief of U Union Medicate, during the years 1872-1873, and was President of the St. 
 James Building Society of Montreal. He is still in extensive practice of his profes- 
 sion. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL- 
 
 189 
 
 HON. LOUIS RENAUD 
 
 Was born near Montreal, 18th February, 1818. On account of his father’s sick, 
 ness much of the providing for the family devolved on him from a very early age, but 
 so successfully did he apply himself to business that at thirty years of age he had 
 a considerable fortune. Associating his brother J. Baptiste, the firm became one of 
 the most widely known in Canada in the flour and grain business. In 1856, he 
 entered with the late Hon. John Young upon a gigantic enterprise, nothing less than 
 exporting to England and France the products of the Western Continent, and so 
 great was their business that during one year of exportation twenty-four million dollars 
 worth of grain and flour passed though their hands. In 1856, he was elected 
 Legislative Councillor for the Division of Salaberry. In 1867, he was appointed a 
 Senator by Royal Proclamation, but he was obliged to resign the office on account 
 of sickness in 1873. He had a large family, one son, Napoleon, was in the Pontifical 
 Zouaves, and his only daughter married Hon. F. X. A. Trudel, who succeeded him 
 as Senator, and was well-known politically as well as in connection with the paper 
 called L' Etcndard, of Montreal. He was twice married : first, to Marie Aimee 
 Pigeon, and second, to Dame Helene C. Duvert, widow of M. Drolet, of Montreal. 
 
 HON. THOS. WHITE 
 
 Was born in Montreal, on the 7th August, 1830. His father was Irish and his 
 mother Scotch. His father was a leather merchant for many years in Montreal. The 
 subject of this sketch was sent to the High School where he obtained a good educa- 
 tion. After leaving school he engaged for some time in mercantile pursuits, but 
 soon abandoned this and accepted a position on the Quebec Gazette. In 1853, he 
 started with his brother-in-law, Robert Romain, the Peterboro’ Review , and was con- 
 nected with this paper until i860. After this he studied Law for four years. In 
 1864, with his brother, Richard White, he went to Hamilton and became proprietor 
 of the Spectator . Here he resided till 1870. Afterwards they returned to their 
 native city and bought the Gazette, making it to this day the chief Conservative 
 English paper for the Province. In 1879, na me of the firm was changed from 
 T. & R. White, to “The Gazette Printing Co.” In 1878, he was first returned to 
 Parliament for Cardwell. In 1885, Mr. White was invited by Sir John A. Macdonald 
 to enter the Dominion Cabinet. He did so, and as the Hon. Thomas White con- 
 tinued as a Privy Councillor to his death, which occurred some few years ago. His 
 funeral was one of the largest seen for years in Montreal. All denominations of 
 Christians and nationalities turned out to do respect to one of their own citizens, 
 one born in Montreal, and of whom Montrealers may feel proud. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 
 190 
 
 EDWARD CARTER 
 
 Was born in Three Rivers, 1st March, 1822. He was the son of Dr. George Carter, 
 and educated by Rev. Mr. Wood, of that city. He then went for three years to 
 Nicolet College, where he became a perfect French scholar. In 1838, he removed to 
 Montreal. In 1840, he went to Quebec and entered the office of Ayhvin & Short, 
 both afterwards Judges, but returning to Montreal he completed his studies in the 
 office of the late Sir John Rose, and was admitted to the Bar of Lower Canada in 
 February, 1845. In 1856, he published “ A Treatise on Summary Convictions and 
 Orders by Justices of the Peace,” which work is still recognized as an authority by 
 Bench and Bar. In 1862, he was made a Queen’s Counsellor. On account of ill- 
 health, he accepted the office of Clerk of the Crown, which he held for two years. 
 Returning to practice, he was appointed Assistant Professor of Constitutional and 
 Criminal Law in McGill College, being associated with the late Judge Badgley. He 
 received the degree of D.C.L. from McGill and that of LL.D. from Lennoxville, of 
 which Institutions he was one of the Governors. 
 
 In 1871, he was elected by acclamation to represent the County of Brome in the 
 Local Legislature. After a busy and eventful life he died in Montreal some years ago. 
 
 JUDGE BADGLEY 
 
 Was born in the City of Montreal, 27th March, 1801. His father was a merchant of 
 the city, and represented it in the Provincial Parliament from 1801 to 1805. Having 
 finished his scholastic education he was called to the Bar, November, 1823, and created 
 Q.C. in 1847. He was made a D.C.L. by McGill College in 1843. From i 8 4° to 
 1844 he was Commissioner of Bankrupts. Resigning his office as Circuit Judge in 
 1847, he was appointed a Puisne Judge of the Superior Court of Lower Canada in 1855, 
 continued such till 1862, when he was transferred to Court of Queen’s Bench as 
 Assistant Judge, and in 1866 as a Puisne Judge of that Court. He retired on a pension 
 in 1874. From 1844 to 1851 he sat for Missisquoi in the Canadian Assembly, and 
 for Montreal to 1854. He was also a member of the Executive Council and Attorney- 
 General of Lower Canada from 1847 to 1848. He married in 1834 and left six chil- 
 dren. He was a great Freemason, being District and Provincial Grand Master for 
 England from 1849 t0 his death. 
 
 GEO. E. FENWICK, M.D., 
 
 Was born in Quebec, October 8th, 1825. He commenced his career by studying 
 Medicine and Surgery in the Marine Hospital of his native city in 1841. In 
 November, 1842, he entered the Medical Faculty of McGill University, Montreal. He 
 passed his final examination with great credit in 1846, but having not then attained 
 his majority could not receive his Diploma till January, 1847, when he had the high 
 honor of having a special Convocation of the College called to confer on him his 
 degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Master in Surgery. Since then Dr. Fenwick’s 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 191 
 
 name lias been one of the most prominent in our city. In 1849, m conjunction with 
 the late Dr. Howard and others, he established the Montreal Dispensary. In 1S67, he 
 was appointed to the chair of Clinical Surgery of McGill, holding it to 1876, when 
 in that year he became Professor of Surgery. He is now Emeritus Professor of the 
 College. He has devoted a good deal of his spare time to medical writings, and is as 
 well known perhaps as any medical man (by these writings) on this Continent. He 
 established with Dr. F. W. Campbell the “Canada Medical Journal” in 1864, and 
 edited it to 1879, when he resigned. For many years he represented the physicians 
 of Montreal as Governor of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada. 
 He is a consistent and earnest Christian and member of St. John the Evangelist 
 Church. He married, in 1852, Eliza C., daughter of Colonel de Hertel, of St. 
 Andrews, and has had seven children. 
 
 REV. WILLIAM HENDERSON, D.D., 
 
 Was born in Londonderry, Ireland, 22nd May, 1834. His father was the Principal 
 of Foyle College. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, graduated in 1854 
 with classical and ethical honors, was ordained in 1857, and held incumbencies at 
 Brompton Ralph, and at Monksilver, England, and Ballymore, Ireland. 
 
 In 1862, he came to America and had several appointments, chiefly in the 
 United States. He held at one time the Rectorship of Dunham, and was then Examin- 
 ing Chaplain to the Metropolitan. 
 
 In 1877, he was appointed Canon of Christ Church Cathedral, Montreal, and 
 Principal of the Theological College, which he still fills. 
 
 Principal Henderson has published several works, among which are Lectures 
 on “ Total Abstinence ” and “ Baptismal Reformation.” Under his able manage- 
 ment, the College has entered on a useful and prosperous career for the Diocese. 
 
 ARCHIBALD FLETCHER 
 
 Was born in Glenorchy, Argylshire, in 1788; came to Canada in 1823; went to 
 New Glasgow for four years, but returned to Montreal in 1827. In the spring of 
 1831, Mr. Fletcher met with an accident which ultimately caused his death same 
 year. His son, John Fletcher, was born in Greenock on the 23rd May, 1815. The 
 late Mr. John Bruce, Inspector of Schools, when John was fifteen or sixteen years 
 old had him as one of his best pupils, but Archibald, his father, dying as above said, 
 he had to leave school at sixteen and assist his mother. In 1834, he organized 
 for the city a Hook and Ladder Co. which did good service until 1840, when a Fire 
 Department was instituted by Charter for the city. In 1837-38, he was two years a 
 Volunteer in the Scotch Company No. 6, and in 1840, when the troubles were over, 
 Mr. Fletcher joined the Fire Brigade, and in 1845 was appointed Captain. In 1849, 
 he became First Assistant Engineer. In 1858 he joined the 100th Regiment. 
 
 As a militia officer, he first made his appearance in 1847, being appointed 
 Lieutenant and Adjutant, and in 1850 he received the rank of Captain. When the 
 
192 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Militia Bill became law he raised one of the two Rifle Companies allotted to Montreal, 
 and was made Captain in 1855. Next year he was promoted to the rank of Major 
 The same year he became Instructor of Musketry and Dr.ll for the Rifle Corps of 
 I ower Canada When the 100th Regiment was raised 111 1858, he received a com- 
 mission in it and served four years in it. Returning to Montreal in 1862, during the 
 
 “Trent affair,” he resigned from the 100th and joined the 5th Battalion, being 
 gazetted Major in July, same year. In November of that year he was appointed 
 
 Brigade Ma or in the permanent staff of the Militia of No. 6 Military District of 
 
 I ower Canada, commanded the Volunteers at St. Johns during the Fenian troubles 
 of 1866 He also commanded a brigade at Huntingdon in 1870 at the second Fenian 
 Invasion In March, 1874, be became Deputy Adjutant General, and in this capacity 
 commanded the troops in Montreal in aid of the civil power. For all these services 
 he was made, as he deserved to be, a C.M.G. by Her Majesty the Queen. 
 
 He has commanded Brigade camps at Laprairie, Franklin, Granby and Sher- 
 brooke In 1863, he organized the 1st Rifle Association for the Province of Quebec, 
 and no man has done more than Colonel Fletcher for the furtherance and progress of 
 the Militia and Volunteers of his adopted country, making the Volunteers what they 
 were said to be in the general orders of 1856, and what the Montreal Volunteers are 
 
 this year, 1892 “ A force whese discipline and appearance are not excelled by any 
 
 corps in the Province.” 
 
 JUDGE AYLWIN 
 
 Was born in Quebec, 5th January, 1806. His father was Welsh and his mother 
 Irish. His early education was in Quebec under the well-known Rev. Dr. Wilkie. 
 After passing a short time at Harvard College, he returned to Canada and devoted 
 himself to the study of Law. When only sixteen years of age he was interpreter in 
 the Criminal Court at Quebec. He was called to the Bar of Lower Canada in 1828. 
 During the troubles of 1837-8, Mr. Aylwin espoused the popular side, and wrote many 
 vigorous articles against the Government of the day. At the Union in 1841, he 
 entered Parliament as representative for the County of Portneuf. The next year he 
 became a member of the Executive Council as Solicitor-General for Lower Canada, 
 remaining so till December, 1843. His parliamentary career lasted till 1848, being 
 during that time twice elected for Portneuf, and three times for the City of Quebec. 
 In 1848, he again entered Parliament, but in two months was elevated to the Bench, 
 being made Judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench, and removed to Montreal in 1850. 
 To 1867, Mr. Justice Aylwin continued to be one of the brightest ornaments of the 
 Bench. He died on the 14th October, 1871, one of those Judges who, though genial 
 off the Bench, was remarkable for stern discipline and punctilious severity when 
 
t 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 “J3 
 
 JOSEPH DUHAMEL, Q.C. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in the City of Montreal on the 20th day of 
 January, 1836. His father was Joseph Duhamel, a merchant, who died at the ad- 
 vanced age of eighty-eight years. His mother was Domithiide Mousset. 
 
 At the age ot seven, Mr. Joseph Duhamel entered the preparatory depart- 
 ment of the College of St. Th6r£se ; he, subsequently, followed a full course of 
 studies at the College of St. Hyacinthe and at the Jesuits’ College in Montreal, At 
 the age of nineteen he had completed a brilliant classical education. 
 
 The great oratorical qualities which he had developed at college, his sound 
 reasoning and argument, shewed at their early stage that he was destined to become 
 an ornament of the legal profession ; and immediately upon leaving the college he 
 selected Law as his profession. He passed his course of legal studies in the office of 
 Messrs. Badgley & Abbott, two of the most eminent Barristers at that time. 
 
 Upon his admission to the Bar on the 7th of April, 1857, he formed a partner, 
 ship with the late Cyrille Archambault, a lawyer of great reputation in the profession- 
 who, whilst travelling, came to an untimely death by the explosion of the boiler of 
 the steamer “St. John,” on the Hudson River, near New York. 
 
 He subsequently made a partnership with Mr. Gustave Drolet, a Chevalier of 
 the Legion of Honor (France), who has since retired from the practice of his pro- 
 fession. Mr. Duhamel afterwards became the head of the firm of “ Duhamel, Rain- 
 ville, Rinfret & Rainville.” 
 
 The acceptance by one member of this firm of a Superior Court Judgeship and 
 the demise of another resulted in the formation of that of u Duhamel, Pagnuelo & 
 Rainville.” 
 
 At the present time, Mr. Duhamel is the senior member of the firm of “ Duhamel, 
 Marceau & Merrill.” 
 
 In 1878, he was appointed a Queen’s Counsel by the Governmentof the Province 
 of Quebec. The Liberal party was, at that time, in power in that Province. The 
 right of Provincial Governments to confer this title was, later on, put in question by 
 the Federal authorities, who contended that they alone had the power, under the 
 Constitution of Canada, to make such appointments. However, Mr. Duhamel cannot 
 be said to enjoy a doubtful honor, for, shortly afterwards, he received another com- 
 mission from the Government of Canada, appointing him Queen’s Counsel, although 
 he was their political opponent, — the Conservative party being in power. 
 
 Owing to his high reputation among his fellow countrymen, his great oratorical 
 ability, his knowledge of the law, and his unbounded energy and devotion to his pro- 
 fession, Mr. Duhamel, immediately on his entering the Bar, commanded one of the 
 largest practices in the Province of Quebec. 
 
 His legal career has been very lucrative to himself. He is one of the legal 
 advisers of the “ Grand Trunk Railway Company,” the u Canada Atlantic Railway 
 Company,” the “Jacques Cartier Union Railway,” the “St. Lawrence and Adiron- 
 
 J 3 
 
 
 n 
 
 
( 
 
 J£4 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 dack Railway Company,” and commands also a large commercial practice, represent- 
 ing many wholesale houses. 
 
 During his legal career he obtained very great success in several important law- 
 suits with which he was connected, amongst others that of Duncan McDonald 
 against the Grand Trunk Railway Company, involving nearly $100,000; and also in 
 obtaining for the same company the settlement with the City of Montreal of dispu- 
 ted claims reaching nearly one million and a half of dollars ; then the cases on writ of 
 injunction and in damages amounting to more than one million and a half of dollars 
 of Messrs. Stanton & Balch against the Canada Atlantic Railway Company were 
 also decided in favor of his clients, the Canada Atlantic Railway Company. These 
 cases were most complicated as well on questions of law as of facts, and were tried 
 before all the Courts of the Dominion of Canada. We might also mention the case 
 of Mr. Charles Alexander against Mr. Samuel Nordheimer, involving many very 
 important legal questions, which case was also carried before all the courts of the 
 land, and was always decided in favor of his client. 
 
 In days when the question of representation according to nationality in the City 
 Council was very prominent, and the exigencies to serve therein seemed to demand 
 the very best talent, the residents of St. Mary’s Ward solicited him to become a 
 candidate, and he was elected by a large majority. He served in the City Council of 
 Montreal before he obtained his majority, an example of popular favor unknown in 
 the history of Montreal’s Municipal Government. 
 
 Mr. Duhamel did not disappoint the anticipations of those who had brought him 
 forward. Indeed, so thoroughly satisfied were they with their choice that, when his 
 term of office had expired, his constituents strongly urged him to present himself 
 again, but he declined on account of his professional duties. Some years afterwards, 
 yielding to the pressure of his friends, leading merchants, lawyers, etc., etc., of the 
 Montreal East Ward, Mr. Duhamel was re-elected their representative for three 
 years more, during which time he devoted himself with much zeal and assiduity to 
 the interests of Montreal. 
 
 During the last twenty years Mr. Duhamel has been repeatedly solicited to 
 become a candidate for the mayoralty. Several times large and influential depu- 
 tations of men, representing all nationalities and professions, have waited upon him 
 and urged him to allow himself to be put in nomination ; but, his professional duties 
 requiring all his time, he declined. 
 
 In politics, Mr. Duhamel has always been a Liberal, and for his assistance, both 
 by his pen and as a speaker on the public platforms, the Liberal party is under very 
 considerable obligation. 
 
 Immediately on his leaving college, he took an active part in electoral struggles. 
 At the age of twenty, he was the victim of his devotion to his party during an election 
 which took place for the Senatorship in the Alma Division, a thorough Conservative 
 constituency. At a meeting of the whole Division, which took place at Sault-au- 
 Recollet, near Montreal, in spite of the warnings of his friends, and in defiance of 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 >95 
 
 the threats of a very large crowd, composed of several thousand persons, he succeeded 
 in gaining the platform, where he spoke so successfully that the political enemies of 
 the Liberal party, in order to put an end to the discussion, overturned the hustings. 
 Then the infuriated mob attacked him with sticks, fired several pistol shots at him, 
 beat him and left him for dead. When attended to, it was found that two of his ribs 
 and his right arm had been broken, and that his head had received several sore cuts 
 as a result of which he was confined to his bed for several weeks. 
 
 Mr. Duhamel has repeatedly been asked to become a candidate for legislative 
 honors, but has always preferred to devote himself to the Law, a career in which his 
 energy and ability have been crowned with success. 
 
 On the 28th of April, 1882, as a mark of respect as well as in acknowledgment 
 of his well-known talents and faithfulness to his party, at a general meeting of the 
 leaders of the Liberal party, which was held at Montreal, Mr. Duhamel was unani- 
 mously elected President of the “ Reform Association.” 
 
 It is not unreasonable to suppose that the sterling qualities which have enabled 
 him to fulfill so well his duties will win success in a still more extensive field of action ; 
 and should he ultimately consent to enter the political arena, he will no doubt attain 
 the position which his ability marks out for him. 
 
 Having paid several visits to Europe he has availed himself of all the advan- 
 tages and opportunities afforded thereby. He knows how to respect the honest con- 
 victions of others, and is prepared to grant to them the toleration and privileges he 
 claims for himself. 
 
 He was married in 1859 to Miss Alphonsine Masson, a daughter of the late Mr. 
 Damase Masson, who was formerly one of the most eminent wholesale merchants of 
 the City of Montreal, and one of its most useful and enterprising citizens. 
 
 HON. S. L. HUNTINGTON 
 
 Was born at Compton, County Stanstead, Quebec, 26th May, 1827. Educated in 
 the Common School and studied Law at Sherbrooke ; he taught the Township High 
 School for some time. Called to the Bar in 1853, in 1856 he became proprietor of the 
 u Waterloo Advertiser. ,, In 1861, he was elected to the House of Commons for the 
 County of Shefford, and arrayed himself on the side of Her Majesty’s Opposition. In 
 1863, he became Solicitor-General East in the John Sandfield Macdonald Adminis- 
 tration. In the Liberal Cabinet which came into power on the downfall of the Sir John 
 Macdonald Ministry on the so-called u Pacific Standal,” Mr. Huntington in the 
 McKenzie Cabinet became President of the Council. In 1865, he became Postmaster- 
 General. In 1870, he resigned with his colleagues. He is the author of a political 
 novel called “ Professor Conant.” He is best known in Montreal as the principal 
 mover in the “ Huntington Copper Mines,” and in his attendance yearly at the Angli- 
 can Synod of the Diocese of Montreal, where his sage addresses generally resulted in 
 arranging matters which were then getting complicated and mixed. He died not long 
 ago. 
 
196 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 JAMES DUNCAN 
 
 Was born in Coleraine, Ireland, in 1806. He came to Montreal in 1830, where he 
 was for years a most successful artist and teacher of drawing. He drew the sketches 
 of that rare book “ Hochelaga Depicta,” which was published in 1829. He was 
 principally a water-color painter ; nearly all the principal Institutes of this city had 
 him as teacher. Some of his larger works are reckoned among the best in Montreal, 
 such as that one representing the “Giants Causeway,” Ireland. He died 28th 
 September, 1880. Two of his sons have held commissions as Surgeons in the British 
 Army, Dr.’ J. S. Duncan, late of the 81st Regt, now of Plymouth, and Dr. Geo. 
 Duncan, who retired from Her Majesty’s service and has a large practice in Ports- 
 mouth, England. A third son, David, is in the Customs Department of Montreal. 
 
 JOSEPH DOUTRE, Q.C. 
 
 The history of Mr. Doutre’s life is that of the struggles of his countrymen for civil 
 and religious liberty, and is, therefore, of more than personal interest. His ancestors 
 were from the old province of Roussillon, in the department of Pyrenees-Orientales. 
 His grandfather came from the immediate neighborhood of Perpignan, and had 
 hardly arrived in Canada when the country passed under the dominion of England. 
 Mr. Doutre was born at Beauharnois, in 1825, and was educated at the Montreal 
 College. He was admitted to the Bar in 1847. I" t 844 j at t i' e a S e of eighteen, his 
 first work, a romance of five hundred pages, entitled : Les Fiancis de 1812 (The 
 Betrothed of 1812), was published. He was an early adherent of the Institut 
 Canadien, and ever since the warm friend of that institution, which obtained its 
 charter under his presidency. As soon as the Avenir newspapet had taken a fair 
 start in 1848, Mr. Doutre became one of its contributors. Mr. Doutre has been a 
 liberal contributor to the newspaper press, and most of the journals of the province 
 have at times published contributions from him. In 1848, he published Le Frere et 
 la Sceur , which was afterwards republished in Paris. In 1851, he was the author of 
 the laureate essay, paid for by the late Hon. Mr. DeBoucherville, on “ The best 
 means of spending time in the interest of the Family and the Country.” In 1852 was 
 published Le Sauvage du Canada. To these should be added a series of biogi aphical 
 essays on the most prominent political men of that date which appeared in the 
 Avenir. As one of the Secretaries of the Association formed in 1849 for the 
 Colonization of the Townships, he was instrumental in starting the first settlements 
 of Roxton and the vicinity, which work, it is said, Mr. Cartier did much to impede. 
 In 1853, Mr. Doutre took the direction of the great struggle for the abolition of the 
 feudal tenure, and by means of meetings held throughout the country, and diligence 
 and care in the preparation of practical measures the agitation came to a crisis at the 
 General Elections of 1854, when the Parliament, filled with moderate abolitionists, 
 passed a law which did away with this mediaeval system of land tenure, to the 
 mutual satisfaction both of the seigniors and tenants. Another campaign of equal 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 *97 
 
 importance began immediately after for making the Legislative Council elective 
 instead of being nominated by the Crown, and a law was passed to this effect in 1856, 
 at which time Mr. Doutre was requested to stand as candidate for the Division of 
 Salaberry, but he was defeated. In 1858, there commenced in a decided manner on 
 the part of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Montreal, the long looming work of 
 destruction against everything which gave manifestation of life in the minds of 
 educated Catholics. Mr. Doutre stood foremost in the hand to hand battle which 
 followed, and the victory was a painful one, being achieved in the face of the conscien- 
 tious opposition of many friends. In 1861, Mr. Doutre, under party pressure, 
 accepted the candidature for Laprairie, which resulted in another defeat. This 
 election, however, had the good effect of drawing attention to the evil system of two 
 days polling, as it was evident that his first day's majority had been upset by large 
 sums of money being brought into play upon the second day. This is the last time 
 we find the subject of our remarks in the arena of politics. He then devoted himself 
 entirely to his profession. In 1863, he became Queen’s Counsel. In 1866, he 
 delivered a lecture before the Institut Canadien on “The Charters of Canada,” 
 a remarkably concise and complete synopsis of the political constitutions of the 
 country under the French Government. 
 
 In the same year he was intrusted with the defence of Lamirande, the French 
 banking defaulter, whose extradition was sought for before our Courts* After the 
 kidnapping of the man, when he was about to be released, he followed up the 
 demand for his restoration to the jurisdiction of our Courts, through the Foreign 
 Office in London, to a point when the British and French Governments were very 
 seriously out of harmony, when Lamirande solved the difficulty by surrendering all 
 claims to further negotiations. 
 
 In 1869, the refusal of the Roman Catholic authorities to bury Guibord, because 
 he had been a member of the Institut Canadien, brought Mr. Doutre face to face with 
 the necessity of choosing between a direct contest with the authorities of his Church or 
 renouncing his right to belong to a literary society, which implied the right of any 
 personal liberty of action. His choice in this matter entailed political ostracism, and 
 imposed upon him the most arduous task of following the case in question from court 
 to court through all the degrees of jurisdiction in Canada, in order to obtain the 
 burial of Guibord, and of continuing the same in England, where he went to argue, 
 before the Privy Council, not only without fee, but at his own expense, and where h e 
 gained at last his case. 
 
 In 1872, Mr. Doutre and his friends brought the Institut Canadien to a con- 
 dition of permanent and final success. By a careful management the institution was 
 made self-supporting, but is now defunct. Mr. Doutre was afterwards connected 
 with the Fisheries’ Question and other important cases. After an eventful life he 
 died in Montreal much regretted by a large circle of friends. 
 
198 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 JOSEPH LENOIR 
 
 Was born at St. Henri, Montreal, on the 25th September, 1822, and died in this city 
 on the 3rd April, 1861. He was admitted to the Bar in 1847, an< ^ a ^ ter some y ears 
 of practice, was ’attached to the Department of Education. There he contributed 
 much to the columns of The Journal of Public Instruction. Death came before he 
 published his poems and writings in book form. They abound in rich images and 
 much vivacity. He had a brilliant imagination, and we must regret that he was cut 
 off in the flower of his age and the height of his poetic aspirations. But man proposes 
 and God disposes. 
 
 helen mcpherson. 
 
 This poetess was born at Magog, Province of Quebec, in 1835, and died in 1863, 
 at the early age of twenty-eight. She seems to have been born under the wings of 
 poetry. At fifteen years of age she composed some beautiful verses, at twenty she 
 published a volume of poetry of two hundred and fifty pages, which was publicly 
 received with favor and encouragement. In 1858, she published “The Bride of 
 Christ.” Of this peculiar named production, even one of our French Canadian 
 authors, lately deceased, says : “ Sa po<§sie est ardente.e : ii y a comme un souffle puissant 
 de g6nie qui anime et vivifie ses strophes ; sa diction est riche et variee. Among 
 her minor pieces are those most familiar, “Good Night,” “ lo a Dandelion, 
 “I shall Impart,” and “ The Watcher.” I am more than pleased in being able, 
 to insert in the Gazetteer this short and imperfect sketch of one of our most dis- 
 tinguished female writers, from what is called in our Province “ I he Eastern Town- 
 ships.” The Townships have given to Canada many of our prominent business, 
 literary and political men and women, and the mixture of races as seen there demon- 
 strates that the mind is improved and vivified by the same as much as the body. 
 
 T. STERRY HUNT 
 
 Was born at Norwich, Connecticut, on September the 5th, 1826. In 1845, entered 
 Yale College as a Student, under the well-known Benjamin Silliman. About 1846 
 the Geological Survey of Canada was organized, and Sir William Logan applied to 
 Professor Silliman for an assistant, and the subject of our sketch was appointed in 
 1847. Here he continued fot more than a quarter of a century, and in 1872 resigned, 
 to pass the rest of his life in ease and comfort. 
 
 He collected the Canadian specimens for the Foreign Exhibitions of 1851, 1856 
 and 1867. He was one of the Judges at the Centennial Exhibition of Philadelphia, 
 in 1876. During 1856 to 1862 he was one of the Professors of Laval University, 
 Quebec, being that of Chemistry— he is still an honorary one ; afterwards he was a 
 Lecturer in McGill University. In 1872, he was Professor of Geology in Boston In- 
 stitute of Technology. He was made M.A. at Harvard in 1852, Doctor of Science of 
 Laval, and I.L.D. of McGill. In 1881, he received the unusual honor of LL.D. 
 from Cambridge University, England, and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Lon- 
 don. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, of which he is one of 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 199 
 
 the founders, also that of the American Society for the Advancement of Science. 
 He was decorated by Napoleon III with the Legion of Honor, and the King of Italy 
 bestowed on him the Cross of St. Mauritius and St. Lazarus. 
 
 His published articles, essays and writings on all subjects probably amount to 
 over two hundred. He married, in 1870, the oldest daughter of the well-known Mr. 
 Justice Gale, and has no children. Judge Gale is oftened mentioned in the annals 
 of Montreal in the early part of this century. - " His large farms have been sold to 
 Henry Hogan, and the Canadian Pacific Railway runs through them now. 
 
 JAMES A. CANTLIE 
 
 Was born at Mortloch, Banffshire, Scotland, on the 5th June, 1836. After serving 
 some time in Aberdeen in the dry goods business in different establishments, so well 
 did he show his ability in this department, that on an offer being given him for Can- 
 ada far more propitious than that of the Old Country, he left Aberdeen and arrived 
 in Montreal in May, 1863, entering the employ of the firm of William Stephen & Co. 
 For years Mr. Cantlie was employed in buying in England for the firm, continuing 
 thus till the firm emerged into its present name of Robertson, Linton & Co. After this 
 he did not continue long with the new firm, entering into a co-partnership with 
 Alexander Ewing and William Stephen, in the firm of Cantlie, Ewing & Co. He 
 was elected President of the “ Dominion Commercial Travellers’ Association of 
 Montreal” in 1880, and by acclamation in 1881. He was the mainspring in the 
 suits connected with the commercial tax laid on travellers in New Brunswick and 
 Quebec, and effected a lasting cure for a barbarous and feudal law and system which 
 then prevailed. He is still devoted to his business, and is now one of the most suc- 
 cessful merchants of the city. 
 
 JONATHAN BARBER, M.D., 
 
 Was born in London, England, April 27th, 1784 ; was a graduate of the Royal College 
 of Surgeons, London, Eng., and practised extensively in Scarboro and London. He 
 came to America in 1821, and practised in Washington, District of Columbia, but he 
 abandoned the practice of Medicine for the more congenial pursuits of general litera- 
 ture and elocution, and many of the American orators, notably Charles Sumner and 
 Wendell Phillips, were his pupils in Harvard and Yale Universities. In 1843, 
 became warmly interested in Homoeopathy, and for ten years practised it successfully 
 in Montreal. His maternal grandfather died at eighty, and it was his earnest wish to 
 attain the same age, and he was eighty years and two weeks when he died May nth, 
 1864, at Knowlton, Quebec. 
 
 His two daughters were well-known. The oldest married the late Judge Dunkin, 
 a n.an of distinguished learning, and one of the most prominent workers of Montreal 
 in his day. She died a few weeks ago. The other Miss Barber needs no pen of 
 mine to commend her to the public. The amount of good which she has accom- 
 plished in Montreal in her Sheltering Home, her Rooms for Girls, and many other 
 
200 
 
 ( 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 r rV The writer well remembers the 
 
 things will ever remain a beacon of her work. , j r 
 
 father when associated with him in the old High School and 1 f”*" * ^ * 
 
 Elocution, then in vogue, was one of the most interesting lessons the youth of Mon 
 
 treal learned. 
 
 JOCELYN WALLER. 
 
 A Canadian Journalist. He was an accomplished Scholar, ^ ^iten 
 
 Canadian Spectator , and greatly distinguished himself as a talen p 
 He died in Montreal, 2nd December, 1828. 
 
 SYDNEY ROBERT BELLINGHAM, 
 
 Ron of Sir Allan Bellingham, of Castle Bellingham, County Louth, Ireland, was born 
 
 Educated in Ireland, he married Arabella, the daughter 
 
 o Mr ! Holmes Of Quebec. He was called to the Bar of Lower Canada n, , ,n He 
 was Colonel of the Argenteuil Rangers ; was for many years political writer for 
 newspaper press of Lower Canada, chiefly the Montreal Times and Daily New . 
 Elected in 1854 to the Canadian Assembly, he sat there until i860. In 1867, he was 
 ^turned' by acclamation, and re-elected at the General Elections in 187* After- 
 wards he left Canada and returned to Ireland. Mr. Bellingham became the pur 
 chaser of a large and valuable tract of land beautifully situated on the north brow of 
 L Mountain (Mont-Royal). There he built a comfortable house, ,n winch he 
 resided with his family, for many years. Mr. Bellingham was ever an active and 
 useful citizen. He served this country as a British subject faithfully and honorably, 
 as an .We Writer, as one of its legislators in the House of Commons, but especially » 
 the trying times of 1837-38, when he rendered signal service during the march of a 
 handful of soldiers to St. Charles, under the command of the valiant Col.Weth , 
 being the magistrate sent out with Col. Wetherall. He still lives at his home 
 
 Castle Bellingham. 
 
 REV, DR. MATHESON 
 
 Was born in 1795, at Renton, Scotland. Such was his advance in college, that at 
 twenty he took his degree of M. A. In 1823, he was licensed to preach, and ordained 
 the same vear. Shortly after he arrived in Montreal he was appointed to St. 
 Andrew’s Church of this city. In 1837, Mr. Matheson received his Doctor s degiee 
 Happening to be in Glasgow at that time, he visited the University at the ms - 
 lation of the Duke of Montrose as Chancellor, and was surprised to hear his own 
 name read out as one of those on whom the honor of D.D. had been conferred. 
 i860, he presented to the Prince of Wales the address of welcome from the Presby 
 terian Church of Canada. He was connected with St. Andrew s Society from 1 
 inception, and was the first Chaplain, and continued such for twenty-five years 
 After a life of usefulness, for both his Church and country, and after a long illness, he 
 < 1 ied on the iath February, 1870, aged seventy-five years. 
 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 201 
 
 RAPHAEL BELLEMARE 
 
 Was born at Yamachiche, on the 22nd February, 1821. He is descended from an 
 old and honorable French family. Receiving his education in the College of Nicolet, 
 where he was a brilliant student, it was not a matter of surprise that he should after- 
 wards be for two years, from 1845 to 1847, Professor of Belles Lettres in the same 
 institution. Afterwards he studied Law and was admitted to the Bar of Lower 
 Canada. 
 
 He was at this time the Editor of La Minerve , which position sufficiently shows 
 his progress and advancement in the world of Letters. At Confederation he was 
 appointed to the office which he still fills, that of Inspector of Inland Revenue for the 
 District of Montreal. Among his public records may be mentioned that he held th e 
 office of Alderman for the City for St. Louis Ward for six years. He was one of the 
 originators, as he was a graduate and Secretary of Nicolet College. He had much 
 to do with the organization of the Pontifical Zouaves. He is also one of the Direc- 
 tors of the City and District Savings Bank, and has been for more than a quarter of 
 a century President of the St. Vincent de Paul Society. He was one of the founders 
 of the “ Soci6t6 Historique de Montreal ”, and, like very few of the citizens of Mon- 
 treal, has a fine collection of valuable and rare books. As a French Canadian 
 immersed in a troublesome profession, it redounds to his credit that he can yet find 
 time to prosecute his favorite classical and literary studies, and Yamachiche may be 
 proud of the sons who have made her a name, and whose records are inserted in the 
 Gazetteer. 
 
202 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 REV RICHARD NORMAN, D.D, 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in Bromley, Kent, England, on the 24th of 
 April, 1829. His father, of the same name, died in Canada in i860. His mother, 
 daughter of Mr. Stone, senior partner in one of the oldest banking houses of Lon- 
 don, had died about thirty years before her husband. Dr. Norman was educated 
 partly at King’s College, London, then at the University of Oxford, Graduated there 
 B.A. in 1851, and M.A. in 1853, ordained Deacon in 1852, and Priest in 1853, by 
 the Bishop of Oxford. 
 
 for six years Head Master of the same. For six months he was also Head Master of 
 St. Michael’s College, Tenbury. In 1866, on account of ill-health, he was obliged 
 to resign his offices, and came to Canada in quest of renewed health. He was first 
 associated with St. John the Evangelist Church and School, Montreal ; afterwards 
 for eight years assistant to St. James Church. He was made a D.C.L. of Bishop’s 
 College, Lennoxville, of which he is now the Vice-Chancellor, He is also a Doctor 
 of Divinity. His last appointment was Dean of Quebec. 
 
 He is a profound scholar, and an elegant writer and preacher. Among his writings 
 and published works maybe mentioned “ Occasional Sermons,” “ School Sermons,’’ 
 and “Thoughts on the Best Mode of the Conversion of the Heathen.” For several 
 years he was one of the Protestant School Commissioners for the City of Montreal. 
 He is also a Canon of Christ Church Cathedral, Montreal ; takes a lively interest 
 in all matters of Art, and was a member of the Art Association, and was Vice-Presi" 
 dent of the Montreal Philharmonic Society. In Quebec he has followed the career 
 of Montreal, and none of the many Rectors of the Ancient Capital has held that 
 position with more honor and grace than the present Incumbent, Dr. Norman. 
 May he long be spared to fill this important office. 
 
 Was born at Yamachiche, in the District of Three Rivers. He entered as a 
 student at the College of Nicolet, and passed through the classes with credit. After 
 his study of Law he was admitted to the Bar of Lower Canada in June, 1859. In 
 1870, he was elected to the position of Councillor for the City, and again in 1873 he 
 was re-elected. He was one of the originators, and a member of the committee, in 
 the organization and carrying out of the Pontifical Zouave movement, for which he 
 received from Rome the Medal, and was made a Chevalier of Pope Pius IX. Mr. 
 Rivard, with Messrs. David and Drolet, made an immense change in the north- 
 west portion of the City, where they purchased property and re-sold it in building 
 lots. He was elected Mayor of Montreal in 1883, and again the following year. 
 He died a few years ago. 
 
 For seven years he was Classical Master at Radley College, near Oxford, and 
 
 SEVERE RIVARD 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 203 
 
 REV. D. H. MacVICAR, l>.D., LL,D., 
 
 Was born in Dunglass, Mull of Canty re, Scotland, on the 29th November, 1831. 
 A few years after his birth his parents came to Canada and settled at Chatham, 
 Ontario. He was educated at Toronto Academy and University. In 1859, he became 
 a Preacher, and accepted a call to Knox Church, Guelph. In i860, he came toCott6 
 Street Church, Montreal, succeeding the well-known Dr. Fraser, of London, England. 
 He remained in charge for eight years. In 1868, was appointed Professor of Divin- 
 ity in the new Presbyterian College of Montreal. The Doctor is a born teacher, and 
 has published two very well-known books on Arithmetic, which have been approved 
 of by the Protestant Council of Public Instruction for the Province. In 1870, he 
 received the degree of LL.D. from McGill University, and he is a Fellow of that Insti- 
 tution. In 1881, he was made a member of the Athene Orientale de Paris. In 1883, 
 his Alma Mater conferred on him the degree of D.D. He was married on May 1st, 
 i860, to Eleanor, daughter of Robert Gouldry, and has three sons and two daugh- 
 ters. Dr. MacVicar has long been a member of the Protestant School Commission for 
 the City of Montreal. 
 
 JOSEPH ACHILLE PINARD 
 
 Was born in Montreal, on the nth March, 1842. He is the son of the late Hilaire 
 Pinard, a merchant of that city. Having completed his education in the College of 
 Ottawa, he entered mercantile pursuits till 1878. During all his career he has con- 
 tributed much, and taken an active part in literary, mutual and benevolent societies. 
 He entered the Civil Service, January, 1879, as Assistant Bookkeeper of the Inland 
 Revenue Department (office) at Ottawa. He was then appointed Assistant Ac- 
 countant of the Dominion Lands Branch of the Department of the Interior, then 
 promoted to the Senior Second Class Clerkship, 1882, 1st class in 1883, and 
 appointed the Accountant to the Department of the Interior. He devised a 
 system of keeping the books and accounts of the Department which has resulted in 
 the most satisfactory effects, and for which he was promoted to the rank of Chief 
 Clerk, July, 1885. 
 
 RICHaRD ALBERT KENNEDY, M.D., C.M. 
 
 Was born in 1839, Montreal. He is the son of the late William Kennedy, builder, 
 formerly of Yorkshire, England. Educated in the High School, he commenced the 
 study of Medicine in i860, entering the University of McGill that same year. He 
 completed the curriculum of studies, passing all the examinations and being a partici- 
 pant in the first prize given for the best examination in the primary branches in 1863. 
 The following year, 1864, he received the double degree ofM.D., C.M., from the 
 University of McGill, and in May of the same year obtained the Licence of the Col- 
 lege of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, becoming a member of the same in 
 1874. Commenced practice in Montreal, but shortly after went to Dunham. After 
 practicing for some time in Dunham he returned to Montreal, and recommenced pro- 
 fessional practice in 1869. In 1871, he was elected one of the attending physicians 
 
204 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 to the Montreal Dispensary, afterwards taking an active part in the management of 
 -that institution and becoming its Secretary in 1875* He was a member of the 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, and read several papers at its meetings ; 
 also a member of the Health Association, and author of a paper on the “ Disposal 
 of Sewerage.” 
 
 In 1871, he joined with others in establishing a new Medical School which was 
 affiliated to the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, as the Medical Faculty 
 of that Institution, receiving the same year from that University the ad eundem de- 
 gree of M.D., C.M., and also the degree of A.M. During the four following sessions 
 lie occupied the Chair of Anatomy, but in April, 1875, having resigned that Chair he 
 •was elected to the Professorship of Surgery, a position he was eminently fitted for, 
 as his long acquaintance with the Chair of Anatomy rendered him proficient in that 
 branch. Some years ago he died of consumption at an early age, much regretted. 
 
 Alfred Booker, the subject of this sketch, was born in Nottingham, England, in 
 1824, consequently at the time of his early death he was only forty-seven years of 
 age. The family came to Canada in 1842. His father was a Baptist clergyman of 
 Hamilton, and lost his life at the terrible Desjardins Bridge accident, Great Western 
 Railway, in 1857, when Samuel Zimmerman, Alderman Stuart, and many other men 
 of note all perished. His son commenced business in Hamilton, and soon by his 
 assiduity and honesty attracted the confidence and patronage of the business men 
 of Canada. 
 
 It was, however, as a devotee to the promotion of the volunteer movement that 
 he deserves especial mention. No man evoked the martial spirit of the young men 
 of the old Gore District of Upper Canada, now Ontario, more than the late Colonel 
 Booker. He organized the 1st Battery of Volunteer Artillery there in 1853, and at 
 his own expense bought two field-pieces and the whole accoutrements for both men 
 and guns. In 1855, he organized Field Battery B. In 1858, he was gazetted Lieut.- 
 Colonel commanding all the active force of the City of Hamilton. He commanded 
 at Niagara Falls, when he was specially thanked by H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, 
 and also a general order to that effect was sent by the Governor-General. In 1864, 
 he visited England, and had the high honor of being presented to the Queen by His 
 Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. In 1866, during the Fenian Raid at Ridgeway, 
 he did his duty fully and well, and although the results of that action, owing to the 
 slow movements of Colonel Peacock and the Regulars, were not altogether such as 
 might have been realized had Colonel Booker been promptly supported by Her 
 Majesty’s Troops, nevertheless, when an investigation took place at his request, the 
 verdict was that both his action and conduct were entirely approved of by those in 
 authority. He retired shortly after from the service, and removed to Montreal, 
 where he devoted his whole attention to business,, and to him we may apply the 
 French term that in his business standing he was “ sans reproche.” He died in 
 Montreal some years ago. 
 
 COLONEL BOOKER. 
 
GAZETTEER OP MONTREAL. 
 
 20 5 
 
 UEUT.-COL. OITIMET, M.P. 
 
 “ Li eut.-Colonel Joseph Alderic Ouimet, LL.B., Q.C., M.P., Laval, is a 
 member of one of the oldest families in the Montreal District. He is a son of Mr. 
 Michael Ouimet, J.P., and was born at St. Rose, P.Q., on May 20th, 1848. His 
 education was received at the Seminary of St. Ther^se de Blainville and Victoria 
 College, Cobourg, where he graduated in 1869 with the degree of LL.B. Having 
 c hosen the Law as his profession, he was called to the Quebec Bar in 1870, and has 
 since pursued an eminently successful legal career, being now the head of the well- 
 known Montreal firm of Ouimet & Emard. He was appointed a Queen’s Counsel in 
 1880, when he was also appointed Crown Prosecutor jointly with Mr. (now Justice) 
 Chas. P . Davidson. They both filled that very important office with the greatest efficien- 
 cy and honor until 1887, Colonel Ouimet has always taken an active interest in milita- 
 ry affairs, and rose to the rank of Lieut. -Colonel of the 65th Battalion Mount Royal 
 Rifles, which he commanded during the Northwest Rebellion of 1885. His battalion 
 was in the field in the Edmonton District, and Lieut -Colonel Ouimet rendered 
 valuable service in pacifying the Indians and prevailing upon the Half-breeds to 
 maintain their loyalty to the Government. Colonel Ouimet has been for the last 
 three years, and is yet, Chairman of the Council of the Dominion Rifle Association, 
 and has always been a warm friend of that organization. He is interested in educa- 
 tional work, and in 1874 was appointed a member of the Board of Roman Catholic 
 School Trustees for Montreal. The parliamentary experience of Colonel Ouimet, 
 for a man of his years, has been remarkably long and successful. In October, 1873, 
 when only twenty-five years old, he was returned to Parliament, after a fierce fight 
 against Mr. L. O. David, one of the brightest champions of the Liberal party. 
 He was re-elected by acclamation at the General Elections in 1874, and again 
 in 1878 and 1887. He was also returned in 1891, and from the 13th of April, 
 1887, to the close of the sixth parliament in 1891, he held the honorable position 
 of Speaker of the House of Commons, an office for which his ability and experi- 
 ence amply fitted him. Colonel Ouimet possesses a wide knowledge and clear grasp 
 of public affairs in Canada, and is an able and eloquent speaker. Still in his prime, 
 there seems every reason to predict- for him a continued career of eminence and use- 
 fulness. In politics he is an Independent Conservative, an advocate of provincial 
 rights and a strong protectionist. Colonel Ouimet is a director of the Montreal City 
 and District Savings Bank, and President of the Laval Agricultural Society. On May 
 30th, 1874, he was united in marriage with Theresa, daughter of Alfred LaRocque, 
 Esq., of Montreal, and has now five children. On the 20th of May last, 1891, his 
 forty-fourth birthday, he was sworn a member of Her Majesty’s Privy Council.” 
 When just going to press we find that Col. Ouimet has again, for the fourth time 
 been elected by acclamation to represent the county of Laval in the House of 
 Commons, Ottawa. 
 
2o6 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 JEAN LUKIN LEPROHON, M.A., M.D.,C.M., 
 
 Born at Chambly, April 7 th, 1822, is the representative in Canada of the Leprohon 
 family whose ancestor, Jean Philippe Leprohon, came to Canada in 1758, Lieutenant 
 in a French Regiment, and settled in Montreal after the cession of the country to 
 
 Edouard Martial Leprohon, the father of Dr. Leprohon, served during the War 
 of 1812 was present at the battle of Chateauguay, and was decorated later for 
 services’ rendered in that action. His wife, Marie Louise Lukin, was of Swiss descent. 
 Her grandfather came to Canada shortly after the conquest as Secretary to one of 
 the early Knglish Governors. 
 
 He went through a complete classical course in Nicolet College, of which estab- 
 lishment his uncle, the Rev. J. O. Leprohon, was Director for a period of thirty 
 years. On leaving Nicolet College Dr. Leprohon entered on the study of Medicine 
 under Dr. Holmes, following the lectures at McGill College, and graduating at that 
 Institution in May, 1843. He then visited Europe, and remained abroad till the fall 
 of 1845. On his return he commenced practising his profession, and entered also on 
 the publication of a French medical periodical : La Lancette Canadiaine. He also 
 lectured several times on Hygiene, the climate of Canada, etc., before L Institut 
 Canadien. In 1851, he was married to Miss R. E. Mullins, already known in literary 
 circles through tales and seiials contributed to the Literary Garland , printed and 
 published by John Lovell, under the signature of R. E. M. In 1858, he represented 
 the St. Antoine Ward in the City Council, receiving a vote of thanks from that body 
 on his retirement from office. 
 
 Dr. Leprohon has been attached to the Montreal Dispensary as Consulting 
 Physician since 1864. In 1866, he was appointed with another medical gentleman 
 to report on the sanitary state of Montreal, and a report was published by them 
 embodying valuable suggestions concerning hygienic improvements in the city. In 
 1870, he received a call to the chair of Hygiene in the Medical Department of 
 Bishop’s College. Dr. Leprohon holds the honorable post of Vice-Consul of Spain 
 for Montreal since September, 1871. He was appointed Justice of the Peace in 
 1851 ; Surgeon in the 10th Battalion of Militia in July, 1855; and is one of the 
 Founders of the Women’s Hospital. He was appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor 
 of the Province in September, 1890, a member of the Roman Catholic Council of 
 Public Instruction for the Province of Quebec. 
 
 MRS. LEPROHON. 
 
 A French writer — indeed, the author himself of “ Histotre de la Litterature 
 Canadienne,” — says thus of Mrs. Leprohon : “ Les femmes qui se sont livrees aux 
 travaux intellectuels, parmi nous, forment une rare exception. A peine, dans toute 
 la liste de nos ecrivains, rencontre-t-on quatre ou cinq noms feminins. A la tele de 
 ces exceptions se place Madame Leprohon.” 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 207 
 
 Mrs. Leprohon, better known to the public by her maiden name of Miss R. E. 
 Mullins, the accomplished and talented authoress, was born in Montreal, and received 
 her education in this city. At the early age of fourteen, she evinced a strong inclina- 
 tion for writing; and from that time became a steady contributor, both of prose and 
 verse, to the celebrated Literary Garland. Under the initals of “R. E. M.” she 
 became speedily known ; and her pieces were invariably admired and received the 
 encomiums of all. Among the many tales contributed by her to the Garland , none 
 were so well received or so popular as “ Ida Beresford ’ (since translated and pub- 
 lished in French), “Florence Fitz Hardinge ,” and “ Eva Huntingdon "—tales of 
 fiction and pathos of so high a character, that they may, without exaggeration, be 
 ranked among those of the same class, by the best English or American contributors 
 to the periodical press. She afterwards became enrolled on the staff of some of the 
 American journals and magazines. 
 
 In i860, Mrs. Leprohon became connected with the Family Herald , and 
 whilst engaged on that paper, wrote her celebrated tale of the “ Manor House of De 
 Filler aif wherein she made it her object to describe faithfully the manners and cus- 
 toms of the peasantry or habitants , as they are called, of Lower Canada. It was also 
 written to illustrate that period of our history embracing the cession of Canada to 
 England. In all that she purposed, the authoress was eminently successful, and so 
 popular was this work, that it was translated into French, and published in book 
 form. This work has, according to general opinion, been considered as the very 
 best written on Canada, and adds another laurel to Mrs. Leprohon’s well-earned 
 fame. In the same year she translated into English the words of the cantata of Mr. 
 Sempe, written to commemorate the visit of the Prince of Wales, sung before His 
 Royal Highness, whilst in Montreal, by the Oratorio Society of that city. 
 
 Mrs. Leprohon was also a very superior musical artiste and linguist, endowed with 
 great general abilities and accomplishments. She died some years ago. We append 
 to this short sketch her poem on the two old towers of the Grand Seminary, and are 
 happy to be able to give a place in this Gazetteer to one so talented and at the 
 same time a native of Montreal. 
 
 THE OLD TOWERS. 
 
 On the eastern slope of Mount Royal’s side, 
 
 In view of St. Lawrence’ silvery tide, 
 
 Are two stone towers of masonry rude, 
 
 With massive doors of time-darkened wood ; 
 
 Traces of loop-holes still show in the walls, 
 
 Whilst softly across them the sunlight falls ; 
 
 Around, stretch broad meadows, quiet and green 
 Where cattle graze — a fair, tranquil scene. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Those old towers tell of a time long past 
 When the Red man roamed o’er these regions vast, 
 And the settlers — men of bold heart and brow, 
 Had to use the sword as well as the plough : 
 
 When women, no lovelier now than then, 
 
 Had to do the deeds of undaunted men, 
 
 And had higher aims for each true warm heart 
 Than study of fashion’s or toilet’s art. 
 
 ****** 
 
 It was in those towers — the southern one — 
 
 Sister Margaret Bourgeois, that sainted Nun, 
 
 Sat patiently teaching, day after day, 
 
 How to find Jesus — The Blessed Way, 
 
 ’Mid the daughters swarth of the forest dell, 
 
 Who first from her of a God heard tell ; 
 
 And learned the virtues that woman should grace, 
 Whatever might be her rank or her race. 
 
 Here, too, in the chapel tower buried deep, 
 
 An Indian brave and his grandchild sleep, 
 
 True model of womanly virtues — she — 
 
 Acquired at Margaret Bourgeois’ knee ; 
 
 He, won unto Christ from his own dark creed, 
 From the trammels fierce of his childhood freed, 
 Lowly humbled his savage Huron pride 
 And amid the pale faces lived and died. 
 
 With each added year grows our city fair ; 
 Churches rich, lofty, and spacious square, 
 
 Villas and mansions of stately pride, 
 
 Embellish it now on every side ; 
 
 Buildings — old landmarks — vanish each day, 
 
 For stately successors to quick make way ; 
 
 But we pray from change time may long leave free 
 The a?icient towers of Ville Marie l 
 
HON. EDWARD MURPHY. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 209 
 
 HON. EDWARD MURPHY. 
 
 Hon. Edward Murphy was called to the Senate by Order in Council, May 30th, 
 and gazetted June 6th, 1889, as representative for the division of Victoria, in 
 succession to the late Hon. Thomas Ryan. Mr. Murphy was born in Ballyeilen, 
 County Carlow, Ireland, on the 26th July, 1818. His family were for over a cen- 
 tury extensive mill owners and corn merchants in the County Carlow. Mr. Murphy 
 claims lineage from Donald Mor , a Chieftain of considerable power and territory in 
 the County Wexford, dating back to the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI, 
 under whom the major part of his estates were confiscated to the Crown. His 
 mother was a descendant of the old distinguished family of the O’Byrnes, of County 
 Wicklow ; he is related to the Kavanaghs, Rudkins, Fitzgeralds, Motleys, Butlers and 
 other families of position in the east and south of Ireland. Mr. Murphy was twice 
 married : first, in 1848, to Miss McBride, of Dublin; and secondly to Miss Power, 
 second daughter of the late Hon. William Power, Judge of the Superior Court of 
 Quebec, and of Susanne de Gaspe, his wife (daughter of the late Philippe Aubert de 
 Gaspe, seigneur of St. Jean Port Joli, author of Les AnciensCanadiens and other works 
 on Canadian History). Mr. Murphy has never from his earlier manhood sought to 
 hide his firmly grounded opinions respecting the various political, religious and social 
 questions which are being discussed around him, yet he has at all times made his con- 
 victions known, his influence felt, and his generosity of heart manifest in so worthy 
 a manner that, when at last an honorable reward came to him for long years of 
 service to Crown and country, there is in all Canada to-day no pen to write or voice 
 to utter a word other than in unqualified praise. In a word, we may say that he 
 possesses to an extraordinary degree the goodwill, the respect and even the affec- 
 tion of all classes of the community. In business his word is as good as his bond, 
 and in politics he has been a sincere and steadfast supporter of the Liberal-Conser- 
 vative party. Mr. Murphy, while being a devout adherent of the Church of his 
 fathers, has never allowed his generous impulses to rest exclusively within the pale 
 of his own denomination, and consequently he has been recognized by all races and 
 creeds as a true-hearted, faithful, Christian gentleman. His devotion to the cause of 
 the land of his birth has been never known to fail, and a representative Irish Cana- 
 dian in every sense of the word now sits for the Victoria division in the Canadian 
 Senate. 
 
 Mr. Murphy with his parents came to Montreal in 1824, where he has since 
 resided. He was put to commercial business at the early age of fourteen years, and 
 from being a salesman in the extensive wholesale hardware firm of Frothingham & 
 Workman, he became in 1859 a partner in the concern, and is to-day one of the 
 senior members of that great establishment. Mr. Murphy’s connection with St. 
 Patrick’s Church of this city dates back from its foundation, and the influence for 
 good which he has exercised over his co-religionists and compatriots can never be 
 too highly appreciated. 
 
 14 
 
210 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL- 
 
 The temperance people of Montreal and the Dominion have likewise possessed 
 in Mr. Murphy a man worthy of that great cause, and although his views on that 
 question have always been moderate, yet his greatest desire has invariably been to 
 promote the sobriety and general welfare of the people. In support of this, we may 
 add that the St. Patrick’s Temperance Society, with which he has been associated 
 since its organization in 1840, and an office bearer in it almost since its inception, 
 have frequently testified their appreciation of his services to the cause by present- 
 ing him on several occasions with valuable testimonials and addresses : viz., on 
 Christmas Day, 1861, with a massive silver water jug and tray; on another occa- 
 sion with a splendid portrait in oil of himself, and on his call to the Senate, in 
 1889, with a beautiful address illuminated in gold colors, by Cox, in an ebonized 
 cabinet on an easel of same material. 
 
 In February, 1890, he was selected to preside over the grand social enter- 
 tainment held in the Queen’s Hall to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of the 
 Society, the 50th anniversary of its establishment in the old Recollet Church 
 of this city, under the late Bishop Phelan, then Father Phelan, Pastor of the 
 Irish Congregation of Montreal. 
 
 In 1862, Mr. Murphy re-visited the Old World and the scenes of his child- 
 hood. During his absence he was elected a Director of the City and District 
 Savings Bank of Montreal. This position he filled till 1877, when he was elected 
 President, an office to which he has been annually re-elected and holds at the 
 present time. He is one of the Harbor Commissioners of Montreal. He is also 
 a member of the Board of Trade. Over thirty-five years ago he was mainly instru- 
 mental in inaugurating the early closing movement on Saturday afternoons for the 
 benefit of the hardware clerks. His generous founding of the “ Edward Murphy 
 Prize,” of the annual value of $100 in perpetuity , for “the encouragement of 
 commercial education in Montreal,” ope?i to ally has done much to stimulate our 
 youths to higher excellence in commercial pursuits. 
 
 Mr. Murphy is a Life Governor of the Montreal branch of Laval University. 
 He has been for many years a Life Governor of the Montreal General Hospital and 
 also of Notre Dame Hospital of this city. He is a Magistrate for Montreal; and 
 was a Captain in the old militia organization of this city. Mr. Murphy is a Knight 
 ( Chevalier ) of the Sacred and Military Order of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem). 
 
 Mr. Murphy has found time, in the midst of his many occupations, to cultivate 
 his taste for scientific pursuits. His public lectures, always delivered for the benefit 
 of charitable and educational objects, on the Microscope and on Astronomy, have 
 invariably met with a hearty reception by the public. His well-known interest in 
 scientific matters, Archaeology and Canadian History has led him to take an active 
 part in the following bodies : the Natural History Society, of which he is one of the 
 Vice-Presidents ; the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society, of which he is also a 
 Vice-President; the Microscopic Society, and also the Societe Historique de Montreal, 
 etc. He is a life member of the Art Association of this City and also a member of 
 the Mechanics Institute of Montreal. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 211 
 
 We close by saying that Mr. Murphy is esteemed by all the citizens of Mon- 
 treal as a man of ability and- integrity, as one whose kindness of heart, sympathy 
 with distress and need, and whose abhorrence of evil has made him a factor for good 
 in this community. His life has been that of a Christian gentleman, without fear 
 and without reproach. 
 
 L. P. BRODEUR, M.P. 
 
 Louis Philippe Brodeur, M.P., Rouville, was born at Beloeil, County of Vercheres, 
 on the 2 1 st August, 1862, and is consequently but in his twenty-ninth year. He 
 was educated at St. Hyacinthe Seminary and graduated at Laval University, 
 Montreal, where he received his law degrees. Mr. Brodeur studied Law under the 
 Hon. Mr. Mercier and Mr. C. A. Geoffrion, Q.C., of Montreal, and was admitted to 
 practic * in 1884. Going to work with an energy and capability which few men of 
 his years possessed, he soon built up a large and lucrative practice, and taking a deep 
 interest in the politics of his province it was no wonder that, possessed of the flow of 
 oratory with which he is endowed, he was soon brought forward by the Liberal ranks 
 to represent them in the House of Commons ; and at the last General Election 
 defeated his opponent, Mr. Gigault, by a majority of seventy votes. He takes a 
 deep interest in all that concerns the public good, whether in a commercial, municipal 
 or political sense, and can always be counted on to do his duty intelligently and as 
 a good citizen. In 1887, Mr. Brodeur married Emma, second daughter of Mr. J. 
 R. Brillon, notary of Beloeil, P.Q. By the Courts sitting on various election cases 
 of the last General Elections, that of Rouville was voided by the acts of one of his 
 agents, so that a new election will, most likely, again place Mr. Brodeur in possession 
 of the county. 
 
 HON. THOS. RYAN. 
 
 Was born at Balinakiil, Ireland, 21st August, 1804* He was educated at Clongowes 
 College, and came to Canada when quite young. He was for many years head of 
 the firm of Ryan Bros. & Co. of Quebec and Montreal, and in 1863 retired from busi- 
 ness. He was elected for the Victoria Division in the Legislative Council, and sat 
 there till Confederation. In May, 1867, he was called to the Senate. He was 
 Roman Catholic Commissioner of Education for the Province of Quebec. In 1871, 
 he married Duding W., a daughter of Chs. De Montenach and granddaughter of 
 the late Baroness De Longueuil. He always took a prominent part in national 
 education, and was an ornament to the Canadian Senate by the dignity and character 
 of all his actions in that body. He died some time ago. 
 
 HON. GEORGE MOFFATT 
 
 Was born in the County of Durham, England, 15th August, 1787. He came to 
 Montreal at the age of thirteen, and entered the counting house of Gerrard, Yeoward 
 & Gillespie in 1800. He was connected with the Bank of Montreal in 1817. In 
 November, 1832, he was made a Legislative Councillor, and was to his death a well- 
 known figure in the Episcopal Church. After a residence of sixty-five years in- 
 Montreal, he died 25th February, 1865, in the seventy-eighth year of his age. 
 
212 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 L. C. ALPHONSE DESJARDINS, M.P. 
 
 “ Was born at Terrebonne, Quebec, on the 6th of May, 1841, and is descended from 
 a family that settled in Canada before the cession of the Province to Great Britain. 
 He received his early education at Masson College, and when his course ended he 
 entered the Seminary of Nicolet. He afterwards chose Law as his profession, and 
 commenced his studies in the office of Wilfred Provost, subsequently studying in the 
 office of Messrs. Fabre, Lesage & Jette, of Montreal. He was called to the Bar in 
 1862, and began the practice of his profession, which he continued until 1867, but 
 seeing at this time a brighter field in journalism, he relinquished u Blackstone ” for 
 the pen, and became one of the associate editors of L' Or dr e , where his pungent pen 
 will long be remembered by its readers. For some four years he remained with 
 L'Ordre , at the conclusion of which he accepted the editorship of Le Nouveau Monde , 
 which position he held from 1872 to 1878, and which paper like its brilliant editor was 
 Liberal-Conservative. In every sentence that it uttered there was an independent 
 ring, and it is due to Mr. Desjardins to say that his pen was largely instrumental in 
 infusing courage, life and ambition into his political confreres. He was first elected 
 to Parliament by acclamation at the General Elections of 1874, and was re-elected in 
 1878, 1882, 1887 and 1891. Being a comprehensive and convincing speaker, he 
 always commands the attention of the House. His speeches favoring the construc- 
 tion of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, also urging an amnesty to Riel after the 
 Rebellion of 1870-71, showed marked ability. He is a believer in separate schools, 
 and warmly co-operated with Mr. Costigan in his exertions to have the Free School 
 Law, passed by the New Brunswick Legislature, repealed. Mr. Desjardins retired 
 from journalism in 1879, an d accepted the presidency of the Jacques Cartier Bank, 
 which position he still ably fills. After his return in 1872 from a visit to Rome, 
 where he had the honor of being admitted to an audience with His Holiness, he was 
 created a Knight of the Order of Pius IX. He had taken an active part in the 
 organization of the Canadian Papal Zouave contingent which, went to the assistance 
 of the Holy Father in 1868. He was one of the authors of the “ Programme 
 Catholique, ,, first published in April, 1871, which was prepared for the purpose of 
 being offered to the Conservative party as a basis on which the several opposing 
 sections of that party might agree. I11 1882, Mr. Desjardins was elected President 
 of “ Le Credit Fonder du Bas Canada,” and in 1883 became a director of the 
 Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co. In July, 1887, he was elected Vice-President 
 of the Montreal and Western Railway Co., a line now being built from St. Jerome 
 terminus of a branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the Desert, where it will 
 cross the Gatineau Valley Railroad, and thence run westerly through the Ottawa 
 Valley region. He has always taken an active interest in the development of the 
 commercial relations between Canada, France and Central Europe. He has been 
 chairman of a committee of business men selected to study and promote such a 
 policy, and open new markets to the industries and resources of Canada.” 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 213 
 
 ALEXANDER SKAKEL, LL.D., 
 
 Was an accomplished scholar, and in the early days of Montreal did much to- 
 foster a taste for Science among the citizens. He had a large school in what was 
 then called Little St. James Street, having among his pupils such names as Sir 
 William Logan and Chief Justice Badgley. He took a prominent place in the City's 
 affairs, and was one of the persons named in the Act of Incorporation of the General 
 Hospital. A marble tablet which strikes the eye on entrance to that useful Institu- 
 tion tells what he did towards it. He died 12th August, 1846, aged seventy-one years. 
 
 HON. JAS. LESLIE 
 
 Was born at Kair, Kincardine, Scotland, and was the son of Captain Leslie, 15th 
 Regiment, and Assistant Q.M. General to General Wolfe at the capture of Quebec, 
 He came to Montreal, 1808, and began business on his own account. He served as 
 a Volunteer in 1812, and held a Commission in the Militia from 18 11 to 1862, when 
 he retired. He was one of the First Directors of the Bank of Montreal, as also of 
 the General Hospital. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower 
 Canada from 1824 to the Union in 1840. After the Union of the Provinces, he 
 was member for Vercheres from the first General Election till he was summoned to 
 the Legislative Council. In 1848, he was President, and continued till appointed 
 Provincial Secretary and Registrar, which he held to 1851, continuing to sit till Con- 
 federation, in 1867, when he was appointed Senator. He died May, 1873, aged 
 eighty-seven years, universally respected and beloved. 
 
 HON. CHS. ROD1ER 
 
 Was born in Montreal, 4th October, 1797, and educated in the College of St. 
 Sulpice. He was for many years a wholesale merchant. Afterwards called to the 
 Bar of Lower Canada in 1841. He was elected Mayor of Montreal four times, and 
 as such received the Prince of Wales, Prince de Joinville and Prince Napoldon 
 Bonaparte. He was a Commissioner to settle losses arising out of the Rebellion of 
 i 837-38. Called to the Legislative Council. He died in 1867. 
 
 PIERRE J. O. CHAUVEAU, LL.D., D.L., 
 
 Was born in Quebec in 1820. His ancestors came from France (Diocese of 
 Bordeaux), and settled at Charlesbourg. He was educated at Quebec Seminary. 
 Studied Law under Okill Stuart, and admitted in 1841. Returned for County of 
 Quebec in 1844. In 1851, in the Hincks-Morin Administration, accepted office as 
 Solicitor-General, and in 1853, on retirement of Mr. Caron, was Provincial Secretary. 
 He then became a member of the McNabb-Morin Government, and in 1855 became 
 Superintendent of Education on the appointment of Dr. Meilleur to the office of Post- 
 master of Montreal. At the Trent affair, Mr. Chauveau formed a Company of the 
 Chasseurs Canadiens, being Captain of the Corps. In 1866, he visited the various edu- 
 
214 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 cational establishments of Europe. Returning, he was sent for to form the First Admin- 
 istration of our Province, and succeeded, being returned by acclamation for the County 
 of Quebec for both Local and Federal Parliaments. In this office of Premier, he was 
 succeeded by Hon. G. Ouimet, and in 1877 accepted the office of Sheriff of Mon- 
 treal. He was Dean of the Faculty of Law, Laval, Montreal, and Professor of Roman 
 Law. He received the degree of LL.D. from both McGill and Bishop’s Colleges and 
 Doctor of Literature from Laval. He was a member of many literary and scientific 
 institutions, and a versatile writer on every subject. His younger son is now Judge 
 of the Sessions at Quebec. He had two sons and six daughters. All his beautiful 
 daughters save one died before him, and the only surviving one is the wife of our well- 
 known Scientist and Professor of Laval, Dr. Vallee. The Author of these Sketches and 
 the subject of this sketch were for many years intimately connected, first in the 
 education of the Province, and latterly for years, the one as Sheriff of the District and 
 the other as Chaplain to the Prisons. The first volume that the Author of this book 
 ever published was dedicated to the Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau in the year i860. He 
 died two years ago. 
 
 LUDGER DUVERNAY 
 
 Was born at Vercheres, 22nd January, 1799. After receiving an elementary edu- 
 cation, he came to Montreal in 1813, and entered the office of the Spectator . 
 After four years, he published The Three Rivers Gazette . In 1823, he issued 
 The Constitutional, which only lived two years. In 1826, in Three Rivers, he 
 published Jhe Argus , but next year he returned to Montreal. He was greatly 
 mixed up in the troubles of 1837, an( * had to flee to Burlington, United States, where 
 he published in 1839 a paper called Le Patriote. He returned to Canada in 1842, 
 and by the generosity of Mr. Fabre continued to publish La Minerve , having Mr. 
 Lafontaine, afterwards Sir Louis as its editor. He died 28th November, 1852. 
 His principal work was the founding of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, one of the 
 largest in the city, and which has ramifications all over the Continent. 
 
 HON. P. D. DEBARTZCH. 
 
 A member of the Lower Canadian party of 1837. He first entered the Legislature 
 as a Member of the Assembly in 1810, and enrolled himself in the ranks of the 
 Opposition of the day. He was elevated to the Upper House in 1815. He founded 
 a Journal in Montreal which contributed in a great measure to excite the people to 
 the outbreak of 1837 ; and he protected and defended some of the leaders of the 
 Insurrection. 
 
 DR. L. H. MASSON AND DAMIEN MASSON. 
 
 In 1837, die above two Patriots, as L. O. David says, were “ big and grand looking 
 men, with black eyes, bronze countenances, robust constitutions and determined 
 character.” Their father was Louis Masson, a merchant of St. Benoit, and they were at 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 215 
 
 the time of the Rebellion, the one twenty-six and the other twenty-one years of age. 
 
 After completing his studies in the Seminary of Montreal, Dr. Masson studied 
 with the celebrated Dr. Robt. Nelson. During the cholera of 1832, he was at Point 
 St. Charles, and shortly after went to Beauharnois to take the place of Dr. Fleming, 
 struck down with the epidemic. There he remained for some years, and afterwards 
 removed to St. Benoit. In June, 1837, ^ ie was nominated Secretary of that grand 
 assembly held at St. Scholastique, under the presidency of Jacob Barcelo, to protest 
 against the propositions of Lord John Russell. 
 
 As Dr. Masson was a Justice of the Peace for the District of Montreal, he re- 
 ceived a letter from the Secretary of Lord Gosford, demanding an account of his 
 conduct at the above assembly. Dr. Masson courteously replied, and two days after 
 the order for his arrest was made, and the two brothers were captured at Coteau du 
 Lac, before escaping to the United States. They were conducted to Montreal to 
 prison. When arrived at the old gaol, they found l’Abbe Blanchet, the Patriot cure 
 of St. Charles. After some delay, the two brothers were bound to each other, and 
 conducted to the new gaol under an escort of military commanded by Major C. 
 Sabrevois de Bieury. Afterwards, he was banished to Bermuda. Before embarking, 
 permission had been granted for the eight exiles to see their families. Mme. Masson 
 came to the prison to bid farewell to her sons, whom she loved so well. She was 
 a noble woman. When quitting them, she said these words, — I give them in her 
 own language, not to spoil them by translation : “ Mon fils, tu pars pour l’exil, tu as 
 voulu te sacrifier pour tes compagnons de prison, sois courageux jusqu’a la fin. Je 
 suis fiere de toi. Je me consolerai dans ton absence en pensant que Dieu m’a donn£ 
 des enfants aussi bons patriotes et dignes de moi.” 
 
 At his return from exile, Dr. Masson settled for some time at Fort Covington, 
 State of New York, and afterwards returned to Canada. He was elected member of 
 Parliament for the County of Soulanges, and died at an advanced age, universally 
 regretted. 
 
 J. J. CURRAN, Q.C., LL.D., M.P. 
 
 Son of Chs. Curran, who came from County Down, Ireland, and settled in Montreal 
 early in the present century. The subject of our sketch was born in this city, being 
 a true Montrealer and of whom the citizens may be proud. He was educated at St. 
 Mary’s College and at the Ottawa University. He graduated B.C.L. in McGill, in 
 1862, and was called to the Bar of Quebec, March, 1863. He was appointed a Q.C., 
 January, 1882. The Manhattan College, New York, under the presidency of Cardinal 
 McClosky, conferred the degree of LL.D. on him, June, 1881. He has been a fre- 
 quent contributor to the magazines and newspapers. Has had a large practice in 
 his profession. He was first returned to Parliament for Montreal Centre at General 
 Elections in 1883, and re-elected at the last General Elections in 1887. He married, 
 in 1865, Mary Elizabeth, daughter of late P. Brennan, of Montreal. Dr. Curran is 
 one of the most genial of Irishmen, and a general favorite. He is perhaps one of the 
 best orators in Canada, and is held in requisition at entertainments of all national- 
 ities, where he is ever welcome. His law firm is styled Curran & Grenier. 
 
2l6 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 WILLIAM MOLSON, 
 
 Whose name is so prominently connected with the rise and progress of Montreal, 
 and indeed of Canada, was of English descent. Hon. John Molson, his father, visited 
 Canada in 1782, and was so much pleased with the country that he decided to settle, 
 and two years after returned to England, raised a considerable sum of money on his 
 English estate, and came back. He was a member of the Executive Council of Lower 
 Canada in 1836, and died at the age of seventy-two, leaving three sons, John, 
 Thomas and William. The youngest was connected with most of the enterprises for 
 the advancement of the country, and took an active part in furthering them. He was a 
 Grand Trunk Railway Director. In 1853. he retired from the Board of Directors of 
 the Bank of Montreal, and with Hon. John Molson, his brother, established Molsons 
 Bank under the free Banking Act. In 1855, the institution obtained a Charter, and 
 their brother Thomas became a shareholder in it. He was highly conservative in his 
 views, and frequently refused to enter public life, preferring to carry out important 
 enterprises tending to the advancement of his country. He took part with other 
 loyal men in suppressing the Rebellion of 1837* but strongly objected to the passage 
 of the Act of 1849 against the Rebels, and signed the Annexation manifesto. He 
 was then deprived of his commission of Justice of the Peace, and also his position in 
 the Militia ; and though, afterwards, the Government sought to make amends, he 
 persistently declined reinstatement in office, considering he had been unjustly dealt 
 with. 
 
 As a private citizen he was highly esteemed, there being scarcely any educa- 
 tional or charitable institution in the city which did not experience his beneficence. 
 He was a member of the Senate of McGill College, and selected that seat of learning 
 as one of the almoners of his bounty. It thus happens that the name of Molson is 
 associated with McGill on the honor roll of the University. Deceased built the 
 Library, Convocation Hall, corridors and class-rooms, in honor of which, one wing 
 of the University bears the name of William Molson Hall. The stone tower and 
 spire of Trinity Church has associated with it the name of Molson. It was erected by 
 him, at the request of his wife, in the interest of Religion, and to the memory of his 
 only son, who died in 1843, at twenty-one years of age. Mr. Molson never forgot the 
 sick or poor. He gave $5,000 towards the Montreal General Hospital, and with others 
 established the House of Refuge. He gave $2,000 towards the erection of a con- 
 valescent hospital in connection with the General Hospital. He also joined with 
 his brothers in endowing an English Literary Chair in McGill. He was President of 
 the General Hospital at the time of his death, and also held the same position in the 
 Bank which bears his family name. His two married daughters are Mrs. D. L. 
 Macpherson and Mrs. John Molson. His acts were those of a good man, and his 
 deeds will long be held in loving remembrance by his fellow citizens. 
 
y. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 217 
 
 EDWARD LANGLEY BOND. 
 
 He was born in Montreal, 1850, and is the youngest son of Right Rev. W. B. Bond, 
 Lord Bishop of Montreal. 
 
 His name is familiar throughout Canada in connection with business and social 
 matters. He is the Chief Agent of the British and Foreign Marine Insurance Com- 
 pany and Reliance Marine Insurance Company, two of the leading corporations of 
 Great Britain, with sub-agencies throughout Canada; is a member of the Board of 
 Trade and Corn Exchange, and Treasurer of the Montreal Board of Marine Under- 
 writers. 
 
 He has been closely connected with the military history of Canada for over twenty- 
 five years. Was one of the first of the High School boys to join the Cadet Corps, 
 organized by the late Major Barnjum in 1863, and which corps furnished a large 
 number of officers to the Militia during the troubles of 1866 and 1870. He was captain 
 of No. 2 Company of the Cadets when he joined the Prince of Wales Regiment as 
 Ensign in 1866, in time to take part in the defence of the Huntingdon Border against 
 the Fenians. Was in command of No. 6 Company Prince of Wales Regiment at St. 
 Armands and Pigeon Hill, in 1870. Was appointed Major of the Prince of Wales 
 Rifles in 1873, and served in that rank till 1884, when he resigned; but the regiment 
 being called out for active service in the North-West in 1885* he was offered and 
 accepted the post of Adjutant and second in command, and, after the rebellion 
 was checked, resigned finally in 1886. 
 
 Major Bond has served on the Executive of the Dominion Rifle Association, 
 and is now Chairman of the Executive of the Province of Quebec Rifle Association. 
 
 He was one of the leaders in the Equal Rights movement of 1890, speaking at 
 several meetings in Montreal and the Townships. 
 
 He is Vice-President of the Dominion Alliance for the total suppression of the 
 liquor traffic, and is President of the Citizens’ League of Montreal, an organization 
 having the support of the leading citizens, both clerical and lay, and formed for the 
 purpose of enforcing the laws, particularly those governing the sale of liquor. 
 
218 
 
 u 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 HON. SAMUEL CORNWALLIS MONK, LL.D. 
 
 To begin at the beginning of this well-known and important family who have been 
 so prominent in the annals of Lower Canada, we must go back to the early days of 
 last century. The family of the late Judge Monk, the subject of this sketch, came 
 from Devonshire, England— a county that has, with its contiguous one, Cornwall, 
 produced many eminent men in literature, art, and science, in the Church, Bar and 
 Senate. They come from an old Norman family, the name having originally been 
 Moyne or Le Moine. 
 
 We first find trace of the family in Boston — not then “ The Hub/’ but a small 
 English town during the days before the War of Independence. James Monk, of 
 this time, married in Boston an Ann Dering, a daughter of the well-known Henry 
 Dering. After having taken part in the expedition against Louisburg, then held by 
 France, he received a grant of land in Nova Scotia, and going there, settled near 
 Halifax, where he died. He had three sons, Tames, Henry and Charles. The oldest 
 afterwards became Sir James Monk, Chief Justice of Montreal. We find his name 
 at the opening of the first Court of King’s Bench on the ist September, 1802. The 
 judges then present were “Chief Justice Monk, Mr. Justice Panet, and Mr. Justice 
 Davidson.” The second son, George Henry, after having been a naval officer, 
 became a Judge in Nova Scotia. The third, Charles, went to live in England, and 
 became the father of James Henry Monk, at one time Dean of Peterboro, and 
 afterwards Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. 
 
 George Henry Monk married a Miss Gould, a niece of Governor Penning Went- 
 worth. His son, at an early age, became Prothonotary of Montreal. This was by 
 the influence of his uncle, Chief Justice Sir James Monk. 
 
 Samuel Wentworth Monk had an only son, Samuel Cornwallis Monk. The subject 
 of our present sketch was born at Windsor, Nova Scotia, on the 29th of July, 1814. 
 He was educated at Windsor, and subsequently entered Trinity College, Dublin. 
 Arriving in Canada in 1831, he commenced immediately the study of Law, and was 
 admitted to the Bar of Lower Canada in the midst of revolution and rebellion, viz., 
 in 1837. For the next two years he made a tour of Europe, thereby saving himself 
 from either side of the political volcano, which, during 1837 a °d 1838, raged through- 
 out the Province. On his return to Montreal he entered into partnership with the 
 late Sir John Rose. He was made a Q.C. in 1854, and for some years represented 
 the Attorney General of Lower Canada as Crown Prosecutor. In 1859, he was 
 raised to the Bench of the Superior Court of Lower Canada. When the well-known 
 Mr. Justice Aylwin retired in 1868 from the Queen’s Bench, the subject of this 
 memoir became his successor — and from then to his death he was one of the most 
 revered and successful judges of that Court. 
 
 He had a perfect knowledge of both the English and French languages, and 
 his manly and grand presence in the judicial chair at once commanded respect, and 
 his fine countenance the admiration of the beholders. The University of Laval made 
 him a Doctor of Laws of their Faculty, a distinction rarely granted to an English- 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 219 
 
 speaking subject of Canada, except for peculiar attainments. He married in 1844 a 
 daughter of the late Hon. P. D. De Bartzch, M.L.C., of Lower Canada, and had a 
 family of five sons and one daughter. He died 10th April, 1885. His son, P. D. 
 Monk, LL.B., is a promising advocate of Montreal, and is following the legal foot- 
 steps of the past generations, Law having been their favorite branch of study. He 
 married a granddaughter of one of our most well-known political patriots of 1837, 
 Come Seraphin Cherrier, Q.C.. whose biography is also inserted in this Gazetteer. 
 He has held already some prominent places in the city, and is Professor of Consti- 
 tutional and Civil Law in Laval University, and has been one of the Catholic School 
 Commissioners for Montreal. 
 
 SIR A. A. DORION 
 
 Was born at St. Anne de la Perade in 1824. After his studies, he was called to the 
 Bar in 1842. He entered public life in 1854, when he was elected for Montreal, for 
 which constituency he sat till 1861. In the Brown-Dorion Government he became 
 Attorney General East. In the Government which met in 1862, Mr. Dorion accepted 
 the office of Provincial Secretary, and in the following year was elected to represent 
 Hochelaga. He left the Cabinet same year, but next year returned in what is 
 politically known as the Sandfield McDonald- Dorion Administration, in which he 
 became Attorney General for Lower Canada. In 1864, he retired from politics. 
 Returning 10 the business of his profession, he rose to be Chief Justice of Quebec, 
 and died universally lamented in 1890. The Author of this volume dedicated nis 
 “ History of the Montreal Prison ’’ to him, and, in his reply, he says “ I have no 
 doubt that you will make a most interesting book, and more particularly so to the 
 members of the Legal Profession, and I readily acquiesce to your demand, and con- 
 sent to the honor of having your book dedicated to me.” In the dedication the 
 Author writes thus “ The high position to which you have attained by your own 
 sterling worth and perseverance commends itself to every right-minded man in the 
 Province of Quebec, of whatever religious denomination or political sect, and should 
 be an incentive to the younger members of the Bar to follow in your illustrious 
 footsteps.” 
 
 1ION. M. I.AFRAMBOISE. 
 
 He was the son of the late Alexis Laframboise, of Montreal. Was born in Mon- 
 treal, 18th August, 1821, and lived in the City up to October, 1846. Was married, 
 1 8th February, 1846, to Mademoiselle Rosalie Dessaulles, co-seignioress of the Seig- 
 niory of St. Hyacinthe. Lived in St. Hyacinthe from October, 1846, up to October, 
 1862, when he returned to Montreal. Was elected member of the Legislative 
 Assembly of Canada, in 1857, for the County of Bagot, which he represented until 
 the Confederation in 1867, when he was defeated. Was a member of the Executive 
 Council as Commissioner of Public Works, from July, 1863, until March, 1864, when 
 the Government resigned. Was for many years Mayor of the City of St. Hyacinthe. 
 Was elected in June, 1871, by the County of Shefford to represent this county in the 
 Provincial Legislature of Quebec. Had always been a Liberal in politics. 
 
220 
 
 ( 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Le National , of which the Hon. Mr. Laframboise was proprietor, and Mr. N. 
 Aubin the editor in chief, was started on the nth May, 1872, and was a paper of 
 somewhat political influence. He was raised to the Bench shortly after, and died a 
 few years ago. 
 
 HON. CHAS. JOS. LABERGE 
 
 Mr. Laberge was born in Montreal the 20th October, 1827, and entered the College 
 of St. Hyacinthe in 1838. Whilst at school the Hon. Louis Joseph Papineau was 
 forced to say to him, “ Frankly, sir, I have never heard any one speak as well as 
 you. If I have had the reputation of an orator you have the talent, and I predict 
 that you will be a great orator.” Leaving school in 1845, Mr - Laberge studied Law 
 under Mr. R. A. R. Hubert, and was admitted to the Bar in 1848. He was elected 
 to Parliament in 1854, by the County of Iberville, and soon placed himself in the 
 first rank as a Parliamentary orator. In 1858, he was appointed Solicitor-General 
 in the Brown-Dorion Cabinet. In September, 1863, Mr. Laberge was appointed 
 Assistant Judge for the District of Sorel, in place of Judge Bruneau. On the 23rd 
 November, 1859, Mr. Laberge married Mile. Helena Olive Turgeon, daughter of 
 the Hon. J. O. Turgeon, Member of the Legislative Council. Twice elected Mayor 
 of St. Jean, he refused re-election a third time. He established the Franco- Catiadien 
 which was conducted by him and by his successor, Mr. Marchand, with much wisdom 
 and talent. At the time of his death he was the editor-in-chief of Le National . 
 A man of probity, inflexible principles and brilliant qualities — one of the finest 
 intellects that Canada has ever produced. He died the 3rd August, 1874. 
 
 WILLIAM KENNEDY 
 
 Was born in Montreal in 1822. Eldest son of the late Wm. Kennedy, in his lifetime 
 builder in Montreal, a native of Yorkshire, England, both parents being English. On 
 leaving school learned his business as a builder, and also studied architectural design- 
 ing. In 1842, entered into partnership with his father and carried on the business for 
 several years until the retirement of the senior partner. Afterwards on his own account, 
 and has continued the occupation to the present time, combining with it the professions 
 of architect, valuator and expert. During this time has supervised and assisted in 
 the erection of many public and private buildings. In 1838, was a member of the 
 2nd company of the Battalion of Volunteer Militia under Colonel Maitland, which 
 served during the rebellion of that period, being stationed to guard the approaches 
 of the city ; afterwards served in the Light Infantry while under the command of 
 Colonel Dyde. 
 
 In 1865, was member and Librarian of the Choral Musical Society, which was 
 organized under the direction of the late Mr. Maffre, the Society giving many con- 
 certs at which they rendered the compositions of the old masters. During the early 
 struggles establishing the Mechanics’ Institute, Mr, Kennedy became a Life Member, 
 and actively assisted in placing the Institution on a permanent basis, being a Member 
 

 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 221 
 
 of the Finance and other Committees. The grant from Government not being 
 sufficient to enable the Directors to engage professional teachers, Mr. Kennedy ten- 
 dered his gratuitous services, and for several years successfully taught the classes in 
 architectural drawing and designing. During the excitement of 1861, volunteer corps 
 were formed, and Mr. Kennedy actively assisted, being elected First Lieutenant of the 
 Second Montreal Engineers. In 1864, he received a first class certificate from the 
 Military Board for proficiency in military duties, and was also gazetted Captain of his 
 company. In 1869, was promoted to the rank of Major in the Active Militia of 
 Canada. During the Fenian Raid of 1870 he was at Huntingdon, and took part in 
 the engagement at Trout River. In 1874, was elected one of the Life Governors of 
 the new Western Hospital. In March, 1872, was elected Councillor for the St. Law- 
 rence Ward and afterwards Alderman, actively attending to his duties during the term 
 of three years, when he received an influential requisition for renomination, but 
 declined. While in the Council was member of the Market, Water and Health Com- 
 mittees, and also the Sub-Committee of the new City Hall. For eighteen months 
 was Chairman of the Health Committee, and rendered essential service to the city 
 by his activity in carrying out sanitary measures in the Mountain Park and Civic 
 Hospital, which was visited daily. House scavengering was also carried out daily 
 and regularly for the first time under his regime, and many useful sanitary laws were 
 projected by him which have since been established by Parliament. He has been 
 one of the longest members of the City Council, and introduced, as seen, many 
 valuable measures for the good government of the city. 
 
 HON. JUDGE TORRANCE. 
 
 Fred. William Torrance is one of the few in this Gazetteer of native-born Mon- 
 trealers, having been born in Montreal, July 16, 1823. His father was John Torrance, 
 merchant of this city, and his mother, Elizabeth Fisher. He was educated at Nicolet 
 College and in Edinburgh, Scotland, and latterly at the Unversity of that ancient 
 seat of learning. He graduated M.A. in 1844, ranking second in Classics and Ma- 
 thematics. Returning to Montreal, he studied Law in the offices of Duncan Fisher 
 and Hon. James Smith (afterwards the well-known Judge), and was called to the 
 Bar in 1848. For twenty years he practised in the Montreal Courts. He was 
 made Q.C. in 1867, and advanced to the Bench, August 27, 1868. 
 
 Judge Torrance was one of the founders of the “ Lower Canada Jurist ” in 1857, 
 and was its editor for four years. 
 
 He was Professor of Roman Law in McGill University from 1854 to 1870, and 
 from this institution he received his degree of B.C.L. in 1856. He was also a 
 Governor of McGill from 1870 to his death. In 1865, he was appointed a commis- 
 sioner to inquire into the St. Albans raid. In 1875* married Mrs. Laura Pugh 
 nee Hensley, of Frankfort, Kentucky, U.S.A. He died a few years ago universally 
 regretted, and especially by the members of the Church to which he had so endeared 
 himself, Crescent Street Presbyterian Church. 
 
222 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 HON. JUDGE CROSS. 
 
 Alexander Cross, although not a native of Montreal, is yet one of those citizens 
 who may be called such. He is the son of Robert Cross, who was born in Lanark- 
 shire, Scotland, 22nd March, 1821. The Cross family had lived for generations in a 
 property called “ Old Monklands.” The mother of our sketch was a Janet Selkirk, 
 hence the name of our rising young lawyer, his son, Selkirk Cross. 
 
 Hardly a year elapsed from the time of the Cross family coming into Canada till 
 the head of the house, Robert Cross, died. This necessitated the family removing to 
 a farm on the Chateauguay River, not far from the place where the battle had been 
 fought. The youngest son, the subject of tnis sketch, did not take kindly to agricul- 
 ture, but showed a preponderance to literary pursuits. Being encouraged in this 
 laudable object by his elder brother, who had in Scotland been educated for the 
 Scottish Bar, he rendered Alexander every assistance in his power, seeing that his 
 brother bent his mind on the legal profession. When sixteen years of age he came 
 to Montreal and entered as a pupil the Montreal College at the time the cele- 
 brated Rebellion broke out. 
 
 Judge Cross studied Law with John J. Day. He also enlisted as a volunteer in 
 Col. Maitland’s Battalion, and served throughout the uprising, retiring with the rank 
 of Sergeant. This is a different title to that of Sergeant in the London Law 
 Courts. When the rebels were defeated at Beauharnois, he was one of the first to 
 reach that village after the troops had entered it. Some time after he was chosen 
 the Clerk of the Council of the County of Beauharnois. So well did he attend to 
 the duties of this situation that Lord Selkirk and others who had stayed at the Manor 
 House to see its workings, complimented him on the abilities which he displayed. 
 He was called to the Bar in 1844, and was in practice in Montreal, first with Dun- 
 can Fisher, Q.C.,and afterwards with James Smith, Q.C., late Attorney General and 
 Judge of the Superior Court. He was made Q.C. in 1864. 1 must mention here, and 
 
 taken from the second vol. of “ Men of Progress,” published in New York, that at 
 the burning of the Parliament House of Montreal in 1849, subject of this sketch 
 was then present, and assisted the late Sir Louis Lafontaine and some others of the 
 notable politicians in making their escape from the burning buildings, escorting them 
 unmolested through the turbulent crowd of rioters, among whom he exercised an 
 amount of influence.” 
 
 He was raised to the Queen’s Bench, 30th August, 1877, where he has continued 
 ever since one of its brightest ornaments. He seems all his life to have had a great 
 aversion to publicity. When a young man he was more than once offered positions 
 of public trust, but always refused. 
 
 In 1848, he married Julia, a daughter of William Lunn and sister of Mr. Lunn, 
 the well-known advocate, of the firm of Lunn & Cramp. 
 
223 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ALEXANDER BERTRAM 
 
 Was born in Berwickshire, Scotland, 1811. He was the son of a blacksmith, and 
 learned the business with his father. He came to Canada in 1834, and was then 
 attached to the Volunteer Fire Protecting Company till 1841, when the Fire De- 
 partment was organized under J. B. Bronsdon, as Chief Engineer. He was then 
 attached to No. 4 fire engine cataract, worked at the brakes, was then raised 
 to be branchman, then lieutenant, then captain : all these changes took place between 
 the years 1841-1849. In 1849, lie vvas appointed assistant engineer. When he 
 received that appointment, the members of the company over which he was captain 
 presented him with a handsome silver snuff box. This position he held till 1852, 
 when he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Fire Department. After that he was 
 entirely occupied with fire matters, and several times visited the United States for 
 the purpose of inspecting the fire departments in the large cities of the Union. For 
 several years after his appointment, the Fire Department was composed of about 
 four hundred men. So soon as the new water works of the city, and the cistern on 
 the present elevated position (the water being available from the pressure in the 
 pipes), were found sufficient to extinguish fire, he advocated the reduction of the 
 number of the firemen, until they were reduced to the present strength, 57 men and 
 officers. 
 
 In i860, when the Prince of Wales visited Canada, and the firemen took an 
 active part in the display and torchlight procession, he was presented with a very 
 handsome silver cup by a few friends as a mark of respect. 
 
 In 1863, the firemen presented him with a very handsome silver cup, which 
 bears a great resemblance to fire apparatus, as the foot is a miniature hydrant, and 
 the cup is supported from that by hose keys. 
 
 In 1873, when he had held the position of Chief Engineer for twenty years, the 
 members of the brigade under his charge presented him with a very fine oil painting 
 of himself in uniform. He died a few years ago. 
 
 CHARLES NICHOLS, L.R.C.P. 
 
 His father was a teacher of celebrity in the County of Suffolk, England. His father’s 
 sudden death caused his removal from school, and at the early age of fifteen he 
 commenced his educational career, afterwards holding the Classical and Mercantile 
 chairs in Bury, St. Edmunds, Stanton, St. John, and Cavendish Grammar School, in 
 his native county. He then filled high positions in the large private schools in the 
 vicinity of London, viz., Barnes, Willesden, and Kensington. The head classical 
 assistant mastership in the Royal Reading Grammar School falling vacant, he became 
 an applicant, and, after a severe examination, was successful in obtaining the appoint- 
 ment, which he held for five and a-half years. It was during his residence in this 
 famous school that he became connected with the College of Preceptors, and whose 
 Licentiate’s Diploma he obtained in 1852. After his departure from Reading, he 
 was called to manage the Diocesan Commercial School, at Dunmow, during the ill- 
 
224 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ness of the Principal, who, dying, the committee being so satisfied with him, offered 
 him the Head Mastership, which he accepted, and held for two and a-half years. 
 After raising the school to a high standing in education, and filling the school house 
 with boarders, he resigned his position to the great regret of all, passing on to a 
 mastership in the Thorp Arch College, Yorkshire, where he stayed but a short time. 
 The Board of Management of the Commercial Travellers' Schools elected him as 
 their Head Master, etc., which he held for some years, carrying on successfully its 
 
 arduous duties. , 
 
 In 1856, he left his native country for Montreal, and opened an Academy. Mr. 
 Nichols is and has been one of the most successful teachers in the city, and is still 
 spared to carry on his important work. 
 
 PERCIVAL WALTER ST. GEORGE, 
 
 Civil Engineer, Montreal, was born at Forres, Morayshire, Scotland, on the 22nd of 
 October, 1849. He a son Lieutenant Colonel James D. N. St. George, 
 a Lieutenant-Colonel in Her Majesty’s Ordnance Staff Corps, and had charge for 
 many years of the clothing establishment of the British Army in London, England. 
 Walter was sent to France by his parents to be educated, and spent seven years of 
 his boyhood days in that country, and then finished his educational course in Edin- 
 burgh University, where he took honors in mathematics. He came to Canada in 
 1866, and began the practise of his profession. From 1866 to 1868, two years, he 
 was the pupil of Alexander McNab, Chief Engineer for the Province of Nova Scotia ; 
 from 1868 to 1872, four years, he acted as Assistant Engineer on the construction and 
 survey of the Intercolonial Railway of Canada; in 1872-73 he was Engineer on sur- 
 vey of the North Shore Railway of Canada; in 1873-74, Engineer maintenance of 
 way on the Intercolonial Railway, in charge of one hundred and eight miles ; in 
 r874-75. Engineer on survey of the Northern Colonization Railway, from Ottawa to 
 the Mattawa ; in 1875-76, he was Assistant Engineer of Montreal ; and from 1876 
 to 1883, eight years, Deputy City Surveyor of the same city; from July to December, 
 1883, was Engineer in charge of three hundred miles of line on the Norfolk and 
 Western Railway in Virginia; and in December of 1883, he was appointed City Sur- 
 veyor of Montreal, and this position he has held ever since. He was also one of the 
 members of the Royal Flood Commission of Montreal, appointed in 1886. Mr. St. 
 George has been an associate member of the Institute of Civil Engineers of England 
 since 1877 ; and is now a member of the Council of the Canadian Society of Civil 
 Engineers. He has travelled a good deal, and his profession has made him familiar 
 with the greater part of Canada. He is a member of the Church of England. On 
 the nth July, 1872, he was married to Flora Stewart, daughter of the Rev. Canon 
 Geo. Townsend, Rector of Amherst, Nova Scotia, and Elizabeth Stewart, daughter 
 of the Hon. Alexander Stewart, C.B., Master of the Rolls, and Judge of the 
 Vice-Admiralty Court, and has issue five children. 
 
225 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 CHARLES ALEXANDER, M.P.P., J.P., 
 
 Was born in Dundee, Scotland, and left it with his wife and son on the 5th of April, 
 1840, and on the 5th of May following he was shipwrecked in the middle of the 
 night at Torbay, eighteen miles northeast of St. John’s, Newfoundland, with all the 
 passengers, and the loss of everything. He was safely pulled up a high rock and 
 on to the main land, with the others, and thus saved. 
 
 After suffering much privation, without food and clothes for two days, women 
 and children, they pushed on to St.John’s, where the noble Scotchmen of that place 
 lodged them, and provided needful clothing and other necessaries. When opportunity 
 offered they were sent by ship onwards to Montreal. They landed in July, and Mr. 
 Alexander had work at once in Mr. Keiller’s confectionery store. 
 
 Having lost all their effects by the shipwreck, the first winter was a hard one to 
 the young people, and needed all the economy both could exercise. 
 
 “Our first duty,” says Mr. Alexander in another memoir, “ after being settled, 
 was to seek church-fellowship. Our letters to Rev. Dr. Wilkes, from our church in 
 Dundee, with all else, had been lost, with our hard earnings brought from home ; but 
 we did not need a letter. We were one with the brethren then worshipping in old 
 St. Maurice Street Church.” 
 
 In 1841, Mr. Alexander started business in London, C. W. ; but after nine 
 months he came back to Montreal, as the town of London was then too small for 
 two confectioners, where he worked hard until the next year. A church member 
 then gave him the loan of sufficient money to start himself. 
 
 Making all necessary arrangements, he began business in September, 1842, in 
 McGill street, at a rent of £100. He rented the upper part for £60 and slept behind 
 the shop and thus saved all he could. The bakehouse was in the cellar. “ Saving 
 and toiling early and late, Our Father blessed us, and we got on prosperously.” 
 
 After some two or three years, he paid off what was borrowed, then went ahead 
 fast until the small premises were now too confined, and he moved to Notre Dame 
 street. 
 
 He then took hold, with others, of the St. Andrew’s Society— was a life member 
 for some years on its Committee and its Charitable Fund. After several private efforts 
 and beginnings a soup kitchen for suffering poor was commenced, and, after many 
 conferences, a charter was obtained and the Protestant House of Industry was 
 established in 1865. This was for respectable friendless Protestant poor as perma- 
 nent inmates, also for a night refuge for any poor wanderer. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was at its beginning, and subscribed a good sum to 
 help it. He has been connected with it ever since, and for the past twelve years its 
 President. As a blessing to the community its annual reports speak for themselves. 
 
 To the noble and useful Institution, the General Hospital, he became a Life 
 Governor some twenty-seven years ago, and on its Board of Management almost 
 ever since. Has been the Secretary to the Board, Treasurer and Vice-President ; but 
 
 resigned this position, and is still on the Management. 
 
 15 
 
 / 
 
226 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 He was afterwards elected to the City Council for the West Ward, and served 
 for three and a half terms of office, or nearly ten and a half years. He left the Council 
 of his own accord, when he had attained to the high position of Chairman of the 
 Finance Committee. 
 
 As Chairman, was one of a Sub-Committee to go to Great Britain to negotiate 
 a large loan for the city with the late Treasurer, Mr. Black. Mr. Alexander quaintly 
 adds to this item the following “ The emolument for this time was —nothing, only 
 expenses paid.” 
 
 While in the Council his attention, from frequent visits to the common gaol, 
 was directed to a state of things there that pained him much. He saw “very 
 small and young boys in the prison yard, as a punishment, breaking stones, and that 
 side by side with old offenders. There could be no hope of these poor boys being 
 made morally better by such treatment as this.” 
 
 He brought this question time and again before the Council as to a remedy. 
 He wrote to the Press, the Judges on the Bench, and the Police Magistrates. All 
 these endorsed his views. At last the movement took shape, when the Rev. Abb6 
 Ramsay and Mr. Alexander agreed that the remedy could be found in the passage of 
 an Act (founded on the Imperial Act) to be entitled “ Reformatory and Industrial 
 School Act.” 
 
 To press this on the Dominion Parliament, Abbe Ramsay and he went together 
 to Sir John Macdonald, and in due time it became law. 
 
 In his visits to the gaol, he saw women who were there for slight offences sitting 
 in a circle, teasing oakum, their chief employment as labor, young and old together, 
 and he asked himself the question, “ How could reformation be expected under such 
 a state of things ? ” To remedy this he wrote of the matter to the Press and to 
 influential men to have a remedy provided, in order that poor women might have 
 decent occupation and such as might give hope of reformation after their return to 
 society again. 
 
 In the Council he gave them no rest, and at last got an open letter from the 
 Mayor to introduce him to Boston city authorities and New York. 
 
 He visited these cities and many of their institutions for women, and was shewn 
 great attention, especially at Boston, where the Aldermen shewed the work which 
 they had done for fallen women. They afterwards took him down their harbor in a 
 steamer to see their Institution for Boys Reformatory, built on an island. 
 
 Again, Mr. Alexander quaintly writes in apposition of other journeys taken by the 
 Dominion and Local officials for the same or other purposes : — “ The whole journey 
 was takefi at my own cost and charges .” 
 
 On his return he reported the result to the City Council, which was kindly 
 received. The Council was then forced to see to the matter. 
 
 The result of all was that the City Council voted $25,000 to aid in the erection 
 of suitable buildings for a Female Gaol. 
 
 This question had to be lobbied through the Provincial Parliament, and to aid 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 227 
 
 in this work, the Rev. Father Huberdeau, the present Protestant Chaplain, the Writer 
 of this sketch, and Mr. Alexander, went to Quebec, and saw the Ministry of the day. 
 
 The result was we have now a fair building for Protestant and Roman Catholic 
 women, respectively, in Fullum street. 
 
 While in Council he presented himself for election to represent the Centre Ward 
 of our city in the Provincial Parliament, and, though contested, was elected by a 
 large majority. He remained for two terms, but then retired, as his private and 
 business interests required his undivided attention. 
 
 About this time, when the Witness and Star issued their daily afternoon paper, 
 many poor children were employed selling them, sometimes until a late hour at night. 
 Something had to be done for those who had no homes. 
 
 The matter then took shape. Mr. Alexander said he would build a suitable 
 house. Another, J. Baylis, said he would give the land. Thus arose the Boys’ Home 
 in Mountain street. 
 
 In 1869, a meeting of citizens was held to care for the deaf and dumb of our 
 city and Province, being Protestant. The late John Dougall and Thomas Cramp, 
 and others who have since died, desired to begin the work. Mr. Cramp collected 
 quite a sum of money. A locality was bought in Cote St. Antoine, and the work 
 begun. Mr. Alexander was President; F. McKenzie, Secretary-Treasurer, with a 
 good committee of men and women. 
 
 For six years it kept on under much discouragement, until Joseph Mackay built 
 the Institution further out on Cote St. Antoine. Then, on the opening by Lord 
 Dufferin, Mr. Alexander retired from being President, but is still closely identified 
 with the work. 
 
 Probably in all the public efforts of the subject of this memoir, none cost 
 him more anxiety from the first inception until this present time than that of the 
 beginning and continuing of the great work of the Protestant Hospital for the 
 Insane. This Institution is now, it is to be hoped, settled on a firm basis, and its 
 valuable benefits spread far and near. 
 
 For many years Mr. Alexander has been an active helper in the Society for 
 Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and is now the President. It employs two 
 Inspectors — one for the East and another for the West of the city. Both these men 
 report to the President daily. 
 
 Mr. Alexander was at the first meeting several years ago of the Society for the 
 Prevention of Cruelty to Women and Children, and is still an active member of the 
 Society. It is doing a good work ; has an earnest agent daily employed hearing 
 complaints and trying to remedy them. 
 
 Whatever the subject of this sketch has done in any humble way since he has 
 been in this city, he attributes all to the goodness of God, who has put it in his heart 
 to do so, and given him grace and strength and time for such work. 
 
 If ever a man in all this great city deserved a niche— a public monument from 
 his fellow citizens for the public charities and blessings he has bestowed upon the 
 
228 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 people, Charles Alexander does so. There is not, save one or two exceptions, a single 
 nian in those six hundred memoirs who has done as much as he has done in public 
 benefactions, and in regard to many of these public ameliorations, the Writer of this 
 book can testify. To him may be applied the words of Scripture in the Epistle of 
 St. James : “Show me thy faith without thy works and I will show thee my faith by 
 my works.” Long yet may he be spared to work for the good of his fellow citizens. 
 Many other items still demand a master hand to regulate and change — chief among 
 which are : the selling of the poor man’s goods to pay debts ; heavy water-tax for 
 the poor man ; free education for all alike, rich and poor ; no high schools lor the 
 rich only; six days’ work for six days’ pay ; a more equalized distribution of school 
 taxes for all classes, and a thousand other things which will in all probability be 
 rectified in the Twentieth Century. 
 
 JOSEPH EMERY CODERRE, M.D., 
 
 Was born at St. Denis, River Richelieu, 23rd November, 1813. His father was a 
 farmer of that place. At the age of fourteen he was sent to an advocate and then 
 some years after to a merchant, whence he returned home and afterwaids continued 
 in mercantile pursuits till 1843. I n x ^37> during the troubles, he was made prisoner 
 and passed thirty-eight days in prison. He contributed to the establishment of the 
 L'Aurore des Canada , a journal devoted to the Liberal party of the country. In 
 1840, he studied Medicine with Dr. O. Bureau ; in 1844, h e ' vas admitted to the 
 practice of Medicine ; in 1847, h e was name< ^ an Associate Professor of Materia 
 Medica and Therapeutics in the School of Medicine and Surgery of Montreal, and 
 in 1857, Doctor to the Hotel Dieu. The same year he received from the University 
 of Castleton an honorary diploma of Doctor of Medicine. In 1853-4, he was 
 elected President of the u Institut Canadien.” It was during his presidency that the 
 Society became proprietors of the beautiful block in Notre Dame street. He was 
 greatly instrumental in raising the memorial monument in the cemetery to the unfor- 
 tunate victims of 1837-38. 
 
 He has published several Medico-Legal works which are important, and render 
 the course of justice in imprisonment for certain crimes more regular. He has also 
 written several pamphlets. He is chiefly known, however, by his determined stand 
 against vaccination, and has imbued a large number of medical men with his 
 opinions, and adopted his practice, chief among whom is one of the most celebrated 
 physicians of Europe, Dr. Herman, of Vienna. The latest pamphlet which the Doc- 
 tor wrote is worthy of perusal. He was Professor of Medicine and of Surgery in the 
 Montreal Faculty of Victoria College. After a busy life he died in St. Denis street 
 some years ago. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 229 
 
 REV. JAMES BARCLAY, M.A , 
 
 “ Pastor of St. Paul’s Presbyterian Church, Montreal, is a native of Paisley, Scot- 
 land, having been born in that town on the 19th June, 1844. His parents were 
 James Barclay and Margaret Cochrane Brown. He received his primary education 
 in Paisley Grammar School, and Merchiston Castle School, Edinburgh, and then 
 went to the University of Glasgow, where he graduated with high honors. He was 
 then called to St. Michael’s Church, Dumfries. On the occasion of his ordination, 
 the Rev. Dr. Lees, of St. Giles, Edinburgh, who was present, spoke in the most 
 kindly manner of the young minister, and said that during Mr. Barclay’s college 
 course the Presbytery of Paisley had great cause to be proud of him ; he had carried 
 off one prize after another — in fact, his name was seen on every list of honors pub- 
 lished by the University. Rev. Mr. Barclay’s next charge was Canobie, Dumfries- 
 shire ; then he preached for some time in Linlithgow, and was afterwards induced to 
 seek a wider field for his talents, and was chosen colleague of the Rev. Dr. Mc- 
 Gregor of St. Cuthbert’s Church, Edinburgh. Here he soon won for himself a name, 
 and became one of the most popular preachers in the Scotch metropolis. St. Paul’s 
 Church, Montreal, being without a pastor, it extended a unanimous call to Mr. 
 Barclay, asking him to come to Canada and take charge of this church, which he 
 consented to do, and was inducted as its minister on the nth of October, 1883. 
 Since then his ministry in Montreal has been eminently successful, and his influence 
 among the young men of that city is greatly marked, so much so that they flock to 
 his church in great numbers, and regard him in a special sense as their friend. The 
 Rev. Mr. Barclay has great mental qualities, is an independent thinker, and never 
 hesitates to enunciate the scientific and theological thoughts of the times we live 
 in. His sermons are prepared with great care, and are delivered with earnest- 
 ness and force. He is a good reader, and an impressive platform speaker. Physically 
 the Rev. Mr. Barclay is tall and muscular, giving one an idea of strength and power. 
 He belongs to the Charles Kingsley school, and is a lover of outdoor pastimes and 
 sports, a champion cricketer and golf player, and a great admirer of the “ roaring 
 game” — curling. The Edinburgh Scotsman has spoken of him as being the best all 
 round cricketer in Scotland, and a terrifically fast bowler who has won victory after 
 victory for the West of Scotland. He was captain of the Glasgow University cricket 
 and football clubs for some years, and also captain of the “ Gentlemen of Scotland.” 
 We are glad that in this matter of out-door recreation, and also in some other matters, 
 he has shown the courage of his convictions, and we do not think he has lost any- 
 thing by it. There is such a thing as being too professional and too priestly, and 
 there can be little doubt but that this has done its full share in creating the somewhat 
 general prejudice that exists among young men against religion. This popular divine 
 has been honored by being called on to preach before Queen Victoria on several 
 occasions, and he stands high in Her Majesty’s estimation as an expounder of the 
 Gospel of Christ. The congregation of St. Paul’s Church is large and influential. Its 
 ministers have always been men of commanding intellect and gentlemanly bearing, 
 
230 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 and who held their several pastorates for a considerable number of years. Their 
 names and good deeds are kindly remembered by the citizens and the members of 
 the church and congregation. The several organizations of the church are doing good 
 work for humanity, and there is a large and flourishing Sunday School. The Victoria 
 Mission, at Point St. Charles, is supported and carried on by this church ; and it 
 also supports a missionary in Central India. Its annual revenue amounts to about 
 $22,000.00, and the pastor’s salary is $7,300.00, the largest paid to any minister in 
 the Dominion.” 
 
 He was born at Greenbush, Elizabethtown, 1829, and educated at Brockville Gram- 
 mar School under the principalship of J. Windiat, Esq. 
 
 In the University of Toronto, in 1852, he took the prize for anatomy and phy- 
 siology. 
 
 He graduated in McGill College, May, 1855, and married Miss C. Bronsdon of 
 Montreal, the daughter of one of our most well-known and oldest citizens. 
 
 He practiced for many years as a physician in Chicago, and was surgeon in the 
 late American civil war in the army of McClellan, being present at the battles of 
 Centreville, Antietam and South Mountain. 
 
 In the disastrous and terrible conflagration in Chicago in 1871 he was, with 
 thousands of others, burned out. After the fire he was appointed First President of 
 the Dominion Benevolent Association of Chicago, which society was organized to 
 aid the sufferers by that awful fire. 
 
 He presented before the Canadian Public the interesting and novel method of 
 studying History invented by Count Zaba, a system which will perhaps supersede 
 all other systems of teaching History, and become the one and only method of 
 imparting that interesting and useful branch of education to the rising generation of 
 every civilized country. 
 
 He invented a most ingenious school requisite, “ The Historical Centograph 
 and Statistical Register,” which commanded the esteem of Rev. Abbe Verreau of 
 Jacques Cartier Normal School and other well-known Historians. He died some 
 years ago. 
 
 His family came to LTsle Jesus, County of Laval, from Acadia (Nova Scotia) in 
 1 75 7 > after the conquest and dispersion of it;s inhabitants by the British Army. He 
 is the son of Joseph Leblanc, by his wife Adele Belanger. He was born at St. 
 Martin, County of Laval, 10th August, 1853, and educated at the Academy there, at 
 Jacques Cartier Normal School, and at McGill University. He married 12th January, 
 1886, Hermine, daughter of the late Theodore Beaudry, Esq., of Montreal, by 
 Madame 'Catherine Vallee. He was called to the Bar, P.Q., nth July, 1879, and 
 first returned to Legislative Assembly 13th October* 1882, in the room of Hon. L. 
 O. Loranger, who was then elevated to the Bench. He was unseated on petition 
 and re-elected. Re-elected at last General Election. 
 
 N. LOVERIN, M.D. 
 
 PIERRE EVARISTE LEBLANC, M.P.P, 
 
231 
 
 l ) 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 COL. JOHN DYDE 
 
 Was the son of the late Robert Dyde, of London, and was born in 1795, at Altona, 
 in the Duchy of Holstein in Denmark. The French Revolution was then at its 
 height, and his father being compelled to come to Paris, where he had large business 
 relations, sent Mrs. Dyde to Altona, a town on the River Elbe, which was soon after 
 taken possession of by the French, under whose flag the Colonel was born. Mrs. 
 Dyde disguised as a sailor, with her young son concealed in a clothes basket, 
 escaped to Hamburg and afterwards reached Paris, where her husband, with many 
 of his countrymen, was a prisoner, for having too openly expressed opinions hostile 
 to the powers that were. He was subsequently released, and in the spring of 1810 
 came with his family to New York, and in 1813 moved to Boston. In 1814, the family 
 came to Montreal, and he was at once installed in the Militia, subsequently becoming 
 Sergeant Major and Ensign and Adjutant. In 1817, he obtained a situation in the 
 North West Company, and then set out for the Red River Country, going as far as 
 the Rocky Mountains. In 1819, he returned to Montreal. In 1822, he married Eliza, 
 daughter of W. J. Holt, a veteran officer who had been taken prisoner at Saratoga 
 while serving under Burgoyne. He afterwards made two voyages to the West Indies, 
 and was twice shipwrecked. After suffering great hardships, he arrived in 1829 in New 
 York and immediately came to Montreal, where he had been given up as lost by all 
 but his wife. In 1831, he went to Quebec as Inspector of Ashes, and was subsequently 
 made manager there of the Towboat Company, retaining his place as Inspector. In 
 1833, he was appointed Lieutenant and Adjutant of the Garrison Artillery. In 1835, 
 in addition to his other appointments, he received the position of Manager of the St. 
 Lawrence Steamboat Company. At the outbreak, in 1837, of the political troubles 
 he raised the Company of Grenadiers in twenty-four hours after the order had issued 
 to raise a regiment of a thousand strong, “ The Loyal Quebec Volunteers,” and thus 
 became senior officer. The rebellion having been apparently quelled, the “ Loyal 
 Quebec Volunteers” were on the 1st of May, 1838, disbanded, and he returned to 
 Montreal, and received the situation of Inspector of Ashes. In November the 
 rebellion having again broken out, he was transferred to the Montreal Light Infantry, 
 and served with them till the troubles were over. In 1845, during the Oregon 
 difficulty, he organized the Montreal Light Infantry in three weeks. 
 
 In 1850, he acted as Magistrate with the Troops in suppressing the fearful riots 
 in Griffintown, when 207 houses were burned. In 1855, at the reorganization of the 
 active militia, he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Montreal Rifles, now the 
 Prince of Wales, and on his promotion to command the brigade was presented by 
 the Regiment with a magnificent testimonial. In i860, he was appointed Commandant 
 of the whole active Force in Montreal, and subsequently received the high rank which 
 by special clause in the Militia he held to his death, that of full Colonel. In 1861, during 
 the “ Trent ” difficulty, the Force was through his efforts and the loyalty of the citizens 
 raised in a few days from 1,000 to 4,000 men. His eldest son Robert, who was Major 
 of the Light Infantry, fell a sacrifice this year to disease contracted in the service, 
 
 i 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 his second son Charles having previously died from the effects of the climate while 
 serving in India in the 14th Light Dragoons. In the same year— 1861— he was 
 President of the First Rifle tournament held in Canada ; he was also President in 
 1863 of the Grand Rifle Tournament held in Montreal, “grand” because no tourna- 
 ment since has equalled it in splendor or success ; he was President also for some 
 years of the St. George’s Society of Montreal. In 1S66, during the Fenian 
 difficulties, he commanded the Second Brigade, the First being composed of all 
 the Regulars, the Second of all the Volunteers. In 1868, by the provision of Sir 
 George Cartier’s Militia Bill, his connection with the force was, much to his regret, 
 unexpectedly severed after fifty-four years of uninterrupted service. He was, however, 
 by special privilege allowed to retain his rank. On the 25th of March, 1871, he was 
 presented by the Volunteer Force with a magnificent full length portrait of himself, 
 painted by the late well-known artist, Mr. Bell-Smith, sen. So great was the number 
 of persons present on the occasion that the ceremony became a perfect ovation. The 
 hall was densely packed, and hundreds were unable to gain admittance. His sixty years 
 service in the Military Force of the country did not impair his vigor. To the last he 
 was fond of all athletic pursuits, and was a keen curler. On one occasion he had the 
 honor, at his Lordship’s special invitation, of playing a single-handed match with the 
 Governor General, the Earl of Dufferin, who had been a pupil of the Colonel s in 
 curling. After a most eventful life and beloved by all classes of the citizens, he 
 died at the advanced age of eighty years a few years ago. 
 
 “ Was born at Peterboro’, Ontario, March 15th, 1856. He is the eldest son of the 
 late Hon. Thomas White, who at the time of his death was Minister of the Interior 
 in Sir John Macdonald’s Cabinet. Mr. R. S. White received his education at the 
 schools of Hamilton and at McGill University. He engaged for a time in commercial 
 pursuits, and was a short time employed in the Bank of Montreal ; but having a 
 decided taste for journalism he joined, in 1874, the staff of the Montreal Gazette , on 
 which he rose to the position of chief editor, an office he yet fills. With an active 
 interest in political affairs he became a member of the Junior Conservative Club of 
 Montreal, and has filled the office of president of that flourishing organization. Upon 
 the death of his father, who had represented Cardwell, the electors of that constituency 
 returned the son to Parliament as their representative, at the election held on October 
 3rd, 1888. At the last General Election he was re-elected by a considerable majority. 
 Mr. White has from the first taken an active part in the proceedings of the House of 
 Commons. He is an able and vigorous speaker, as well as a clear and forcible writer 
 on political subjects ; and whatever he may have to say invariably commands 
 attention. He ranks among the ablest of the younger members of the House. 
 Mr. White married, in 1888, Annie, daughter of Captain Barclay, of Montreal.” 
 
 R. S. WHITE, M.P., 
 
233 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 J. G. H. BERGERON, B.C.L. 
 
 “ J. G. H. Bergeron, B.C.L., advocate, M.P., Beauharnois, and Deputy Speaker of the 
 House of Commons, is one of the best known of the younger members of the 
 Canadian Parliament. He is a son of the late T. R. Bergeron, Esq., notary, of 
 Rigaud, Que., and the late Lacadie Caroline Delphine Coursol, daughter of Gideon 
 Coursol, Esq., notary, of St. Andrews. Born at Rigaud, October 13th, 1854, the 
 subject of our sketch received a part of his education at the Jesuits’ College, Mon- 
 real, thereafter entering McGill College, whence he graduated in 1877 with the degree 
 of B.C.L. In the same year he was called to the Bar of the Province of Quebec. 
 Prior to this he had, in 1874, entered the Military School in Montreal, taking a second- 
 class certificate, and then joined No. 1 Cavalry Troop. Since 1875, he has been an 
 active member of St. Jean Baptiste Society, Montreal, and. in 1880, became a member 
 of the same society in Valley field. His first appearance in the arena of active 
 politics was in 1879, w ^ ien death of the sitting member for Beauharnois left a 
 vacancy in the representation of that constituency. Mr. Benreron was nominated 
 and elected by thirteen votes over his opponent, and was re-elected by acclamation 
 on the 13th June, 1882. To illustrate the confidence which his electors repose in him, 
 it may be noted that when, in 1887, Mr. Bergeron — having taken a very active part 
 in the North-West political difficulty, and fighting the Government on such a point 
 — offered himself again for re-election, though opposed by a Government candidate 
 (Mr. Pelletier), and in spite of the constituency been looked upon as a Tory strong- 
 hold, — in spite also of the patronage exercised by them on a large scale, Mr. Bergeron 
 carried the election by a majority of 222 votes. When the House opened, after the 
 election of 1887, die administration which Mr. Bergeron had supported for eight 
 years previously was still in power, and as the Riel and North-West questions were 
 matters of the past, and could not be brought before Parliament any more, Mr. Ber- 
 geron, still holding on those questions the same views, continued his support to the 
 Government, whose general policy, he was convinced, was in the interest of the 
 country. In the election of 1891, Mr. Bergeron had to cross swords with his first 
 opponent, Mr. L. A. Seers, who presented himself as an Independent-Conservative, 
 having the support of the entire Liberal party, but Mr. Bergeron was elected by over 
 300 majority. At the Session of 1882, Mr. Bergeron moved the Address in reply to 
 the Speech from the Throne. He was then but twenty-seven years of age. During 
 the last Parliament, from 1888 to 1890, Mr. Bergeron was Chairman of the Standing 
 Committee, one of the most important committees of the House. At the opening of 
 t he last Session of Parliament, he was elected Deputy Speaker of the Commons, a 
 further proof of his ability and popularity. On July 7th, 1890, Mr. Bergeron was 
 united in marriage with Miss Ada Wall, daughter of the late Robert Wall, of Mon- 
 treal. Mr. Bergeron is a pleasing speaker, an indefatigable worker, and thoroughly 
 versed in parliamentary procedure. Having youth, ability and popularity on his 
 side, the friends of Mr. Bergeron may fairly be pardoned if they indulge the confident 
 hope that his will be a bright and eminently successful public career, even as it has 
 been in the past. Mr. Bergeron is a member of the St. Denis Club, Le Canadien 
 Club, City Club, St. James Club, and the Montreal Hunt Club.” 
 
2 3 4 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 WILLIAM FRANCIS LIGHTHALL, N.P. 
 
 The subject of this sketch is William Francis Lighthall, whose name is well known as 
 one of the heads of the Notarial profession of the Province. Mr. Lighthall is a son 
 of the late Mr. Douw K. Lighthall, a gentleman long known in his time as Registrar 
 of the old County of Beauharnois, and as a leading figure throughout the district of 
 Chateauguay. Mr. W. F. Lighthall was born in 1827 in the Ten Eyck Schuyler 
 mansion at Troy, N.Y. The Schuylers and Van Rensselaers, to whose circle 
 the family belonged, are well known names in Colonial history. 
 
 In 1829, his father was induced by relatives who possessed considerable interest 
 in Canada to cross the border into the Chateauguay region and undertake the 
 building up of a town at Huntingdon, around which point population was just begin- 
 ning to fill in, and which seemed to promise well as a centre. His efforts did much 
 for the place and its neighborhood, but were not a pecuniary success to him, and he 
 soon accepted the offered position of Registrar, then becoming one of comparative 
 importance in such a country. A man of kind manners and progressive views he 
 wielded unlimited influence throughout a large district. 
 
 The early part of William F. Lighthall's life was thus spent at Huntingdon 
 and Ormstown. In 1846, he studied his profession at Montreal under Mr. J. J. 
 Gibb, and afterwards under the late Mr. J. H. Jobin. Passing in 1848, he com- 
 menced practice in Ormstown, where he acted at the same time as deputy of his 
 father. On the invitation of Sir A. N. McNab, Premier, he went to Hamilton, 
 Upper Canada, to study for the Bar of that Province, but he never completed his 
 course. While there he acted as Deputy Registrar of the City, and assisted in 
 totally reforming the system of registration, which had been in a bad state. Finding 
 after two years that he preferred Montreal to Hamilton, he, in 1859, removed to the 
 former city, where he resumed the practice of his original profession. He had mar- 
 ried in the meantime, at Hamilton, a daughter of Captain Henry Wright, of Chateau- 
 guay. He has long enjoyed a large practice in Montreal, and may fairly be styled 
 one of the landmarks. He has served on different occasions as representative of 
 the Montreal Notaries on the Provincial Board of Notaries. The improvement of 
 the Profession has always been one of his aims, and it is to his efforts that the estab- 
 lishment of a Notarial Chair at McGill University is due. He was appointed a Jus- 
 tice of the Peace in 1865, and has been a number of times called upon to accept the 
 representation of Chateauguay in Parliament, and the aldermanship of influential 
 wards in Montreal, but has refused to touch politics or civic honors. His sons are 
 Mr. W. D. Lighthall, advocate, and Mr. G. R. Lighthall, notary. Mr. W. D. Light- 
 hall is becoming widely known on account of his literary career. He has collected 
 and printed a fine volume of poetry, embodying all the best pieces of native literature, 
 and he has been very active in the erection of the various notice boards now being 
 placed throughout the city at those places which are marked in the history of Mon- 
 treal. He is a member ^f several literary and scientific societies, and a young man 
 of promise. 
 

 J 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 235 
 
 BONA VENTURE VIGER 
 
 A\ as born at Boucherville. In 1837, he was a fine young man of thirty-four or thirty- 
 five years of age. In the Grand Assembly at St. Charles, on the 26th October, 1837, 
 he seconded one of the resolutions. One day previously at the church door, after 
 Mass, he declared he would give two hundred bushels of grain to buy powder, which 
 so inflamed the young men that they joined him in numbers. After the battle of St. 
 Charles, Viger escaped, but was taken prisoner near Isle aux Noix, and conducted 
 to the Montreal Prison. The first one he saw when he arrived at the Jail was “ le 
 traitre Arnoldi.” 
 
 This patriot was cousin to Hon. D. B. Viger. After many trials and adventures 
 he was taken prisoner and conducted to Montreal Gaol. He was the most refrac- 
 tory of all the Sons of Liberty ” therein confined. A story is told of him that 
 shows his quick and resolute spirit, which was seen in all his actions during the 
 Rebellion. One day whilst everything was going on smoothly inside the gaol, Viger 
 asked for some water from the sentinel. Now, water in those days was not so easily 
 procured as at the present time. The water had to be fetched from the St. Lawrence 
 opposite, and many stories are told of how prisoners, when sent out for water, espe- 
 cially during the winter time, would escape by crossing the river and getting away 
 on the neighboring side into the woods and then to the States. The Montreal Water 
 Works never were applied to a better purpose than in the now plentiful supply of water 
 within the prison, for culinary and cleansing purposes. Indeed a very great amount 
 in the decrease of disease and filth is entirely owing to the, I might say, super- 
 abundant use of water and soap, so plentifully applied by the late Mr. Payette 
 and his efficient successor, Mr. Vallee. When the sentinel was asked for the water he 
 at first refused, but thinking better of it, he took a cup of water and carried it to Viger* 
 He took the goblet and threw the contents in the face of the guard. Furious at 
 this insult, the guard discharged his gun, the ball traversing the window sill of 
 Viger’s cell, passed him at some distance and lodged in the wall of that of Mr. 
 Lacoste, who was also imprisoned at this time as one of the Patriots. The guard 
 having thrust through his head between the bars to see what effect the shot had done, 
 received a tremendous blow from Viger, who had seized a bottle and brought it 
 down with such force as to lay open and smash his nose. As might be expected this 
 scene caused a great commotion in the prison, and the authorities, exasperated, 
 determined to proceed against Viger for his unmerciful attack. Next day quite a 
 stir was made by the arrival of the Deputy Sheriff and several soldiers to place Viger 
 in chains. He at once, acting on the spur of the moment, seized by one hand the 
 coat of the Deputy Sheriff, and with the other drawing a knife from his pocket, said 
 to him : “ What right have you to put a man in irons without the Sheriff saying so ? ” 
 Sometime after this, Viger, with others, was sent as an exile to Bermudas, and 
 about the time of Robert Nelson’s defeat at Odeltown, in 1838, he, with others, had 
 returned from Bermudas to the United States, and returning to Canada he was again 
 
u 
 
 2^6 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 arrested, on the 8th June, 1839, tried and bailed out, and afterwards became a 
 t( citoyen paisible n as one account gives of him. His son is now one of the largest 
 grocers in Montreal, belonging to the well-known firm of Fraser, Viger & Co., of St. 
 James Street. 
 
 CAPTAIN J ALBERT. 
 
 The trial of Captain Jalbert was one of the most interesting in the annals of the 
 Rebellion, and the only one tried by Civil Court, the Court of Queens Bench. On 
 the 3rd day of September, 1839, was arra ig ne d before the Bar of Justice in the 
 Court House of Montreal, after an incarceration of nearly two years. His accusa- 
 tion was that he was guilty “on the 23rd November, 1837, of the death of Lieuten- 
 ant George Weir, of the 32nd Regiment of Her Majesty . 99 
 
 Three Judges sat on the Bench, viz : Judge G. Pyke, Judge J. R. Rolland and 
 
 Judge S. Gale. Attorney-General Ogden conducted the trial, and, with the cele- 
 brated Andrew Stuart, represented the Crown. Mr. Walker and Mr. Chas. Mondelet 
 were retained for the accused. The jury, says one, was composed entirely of French 
 Canadians. Another account (LeMoine) says it was composed of nine French 
 Canadians and three old country men. And another account makes it eleven French 
 Canadians and one old country man. To set this matter right the real truth is that 
 the jury consisted of eight French Canadians and four Englishmen, as is seen with 
 their names further down this sketch, and which list the Writer himself took from the 
 original papers in the archives in the Court House. 
 
 Previous to this date, Mr. C. Mondelet had put into the Court of Queen’s Bench 
 — Criminal side — a motion withdrawing Jalbert’s plea of “ not guilty ” and substituting 
 a special one which he founded on the general amnesty of Lord Durham promul- 
 gated on the 28th day of the previous June. The general substance of this special 
 plea was that Lord Durham had proclaimed a general pardon, and not mentioning 
 any particular prisoner’s name to whom it did not apply, that in virtue of this Ordin- 
 ance the prisoner Jalbert, though accused of the murder of Lieut. Weir, was included 
 in the amnesty as the proclamation had been approved off by Her Majesty and by 
 Her Representative, the Governor General in Chief. After a long and animated 
 discussion between Mr. Mondelet and the Solicitor-General Stuart, the motion was 
 rejected by the Judges, and on the 3rd of September, the prisoner was arraigned 
 before the Bar of the Court. 
 
 The accusation held against four persons, Jalbert, J. Bte. Maillet, Joseph Piatte, 
 and Louis Lussier, and was divided into four charges : 1st. “That the prisoner Jalbert 
 had carried the sword of the deceased Lieut. Weir, and had been aided and abetted 
 by the other three. 2nd. That when J. B. Maillet had the sword in his hand, the 
 prisoner with the other two aided and assisted in the murder of Lieut. Weir. 3id* 
 That when Joseph Pratte had a sword in his hand, the prisoner with the other 
 two aided and assisted in the murder of Lieut. Weir. 4th. That when Louis 
 Lussier had fired a gun at the deceased, Jalbert and the two others were present, 
 aiding, assisting and encouraging in the commitment of the murder.” 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 237 
 
 The other three mentioned in the indictment had fled to the United States. As 
 an historical fact, and especially as in all smaller English Canadian Histories, very 
 little is told us of this unfortunate episode of the times of the Rebellion, I will give the 
 Solicitor-General’s opening remarks, which clearly and succinctly state all the circum- 
 stances connected with this melancholy affair. He said : “ You will probably recol- 
 lect that in November, 1837, a detachment of troops under the command of Col. Gore 
 marched upon St. Denis. Lieut. Weir of the 32nd Regiment of Her Majesty, which was 
 then stationed in Montreal, received orders to go to Sorel to carry despatches for Col. 
 Gore. Determined to reach Col. Gore in the shortest possible time, he went by land, 
 as the Col. and his little army had gone by water. Full of the accomplishment of 
 this object, Lieut. Weir hired a vehicle to take him to Col. Gore before he should 
 reach St. Denis. It is but right to state here that, at the distance of four miles from 
 Sorel, t he road divides into two branches, one of which is much longer than the 
 other. Lieut. Weir, presuming, without doubt, that Col. Gore had taken the shortest 
 route, passed by the other and thus missed him. Going along this way, he was 
 arrested by a guard, and brought as a prisoner into the presence of Dr. Nelson. 
 The latter then gave orders that he should be sent as a prisoner to St. Charles under 
 the charge of Jalbert and others. His hands were then bound and he was mounted 
 in a waggon. A short time after they untied his hands. Near the church Lieut. 
 Weir jumped out of the waggon and is struck by a man of the name of Maillet who 
 had a sword in his hand. Jalbert, who at that moment was on horseback, and had 
 a sword at his side, cried out 1 kill him, kill him, the deserter.’ At the same instant 
 Jalbert gave him a cut of his sword under which the deceased fell. The others fol- 
 lowing his example, Lieut. Weir succumbed to the storm of blows that fell upon him. 
 The band standing around him, he breathed again, when one of them cried out with a 
 -loud voice, ‘ He is recovering, he is recovering.’ The prisoner at the bar is one of 
 those who believed so. A man named Lussier then came up and discharged a gun 
 or pistol at the deceased. Several days after the engagement with the troops, the 
 authorities made a search for the body, and they found it at some distance from the 
 river, covered with wounds and horribly mutilated.” 
 
 The trial continued seven days, witnesses for the Crown proving such facts that 
 the Crown prosecutions were established. It was proved that Maillet, Pratte and 
 Lussier had struck the body of Lieut. Weir many times, but there was a contradiction 
 in the case of Jalbert ; several witnesses affirmed that Weir had been killed before 
 Jalbert arrived where they were. 
 
 From the records taken from the trial of C. of Q. B., I find that the debated 
 point of the composition of the jury is settled once and for all by the following being 
 the sworn jurors : 
 
 Etienne Courville, Charles Lenoir dit Rolland, Pascal Lemieux, Edwin Atwater, 
 Simeon Lecomte, Elie Deseve, Benjamin Trudelle, Amable Desautels, Daniel 
 McKercher, George Fraser, John Cadotte, John Mabell. 
 
 The trial continuing seven days, or rather some of the Jury determining to bring 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 238 
 
 in 3 verdict of not guilty, day by day refused to come to an understanding except 
 that of non-agreement. On Saturday, the 7th September, one of the Jurors, Edwin 
 Atwater, was indisposed and required refreshment. The Jurors then received food, 
 etc., and were locked up for the night and all Sunday. On Monday, not agreeing, 
 they were again ordered to retire, and I find this : “ The following constables are 
 sworn to keep the jury in this case without meat, drink, fire or candle, and to suffer 
 none to speak to them, nor speak to them themselves, expect to ask if they are 
 agreed.” 
 
 Daniel Shannon and George Gibson were the constables. 
 
 On the last day of the term the Jury were again remanded to their room, and the 
 Court adjourned to half-past eleven at night, when Judges Rolland and Gale were 
 present. It records “ the Court at fifteen minutes before twelve, or midnight, desires 
 that the Jurors be brought into Court,” and the Jurors unanimously delare that they 
 have not agreed upon a verdict, nor are ever likely to agree. 
 
 The Attorney-General and the prisoner’s Counsel u having declared that they 
 had nothing more to move,” and 11 the term as fixed by law for holding this Criminal 
 Session extending only until midnight, the Court at that hour quitted the Bench, the 
 Session being over and the Jury were discharged.” 
 
 In a few moments no persons were in the room save Wand the Gaoler, and the 
 prisoner, and the late Mr. Schiller, then quite a young man. Jalbert was taken back 
 to the prison and soon discharged. 
 
 A considerable riot occurred, several of the Jurors receiving hard blows, and a 
 detachment of the Guards and a troop of cavalry of the 7th Hussars were necessary 
 to restore order. As one writer quaintly remarks concerning the riot : “ La foule 
 
 se disperse, et ainsi se termine ce proces ou se concenlra tant d’animosite de la 
 part de cette population jadis si loyale, mais aujourd’hui enfin, devenue revolu- 
 
 tion nai re. 
 
 ELKANAH BILLINGS, F.R.G.S. 
 
 Mr. Billings was one of the most talented palaeontologists that Canada ever pos- 
 sessed, and whose name was for years associated with the Geological Survey of 
 Canada. He was an Ottawaite, having been born in the township of Gloucester, on 
 the Ottawa, on the 5th of May, 1820. His father’s family came originally from 
 Wales, and settled in the New England States. His father was born in Massachu- 
 setts during the war of the Revolution, shortly after which his grandfather came to 
 Canada, and settled near Brockville. 
 
 Mr. Billings pursued his studies partly at Ottawa city and partly at Potsdam, 
 N.Y. He entered the Law Society of Upper Canada as a student-at-law in lrinity 
 term, 1840 ; and studied at different offices, in Ottawa and Toronto. At the latter 
 place he completed his probationary studies, and was called to the Bar in 1845. 
 practiced in Ottawa city and the adjoining county of Renfrew until June, 1856, when 
 he was appointed Palaeontologist of the Geological Survey of Canada. He was elected 
 a fellow of the Royal Geological Society of London in February, 1858. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 239 
 
 While residing in Ottawa city, Mr. Billings made a large and valuable collection 
 of the fossils which abound in the rocks of the neighborhood. By studying these, he 
 made himself well acquain ted with the paleontology of the Silurian rocks of Canada. 
 His first papers were published in the Ottawa Citizen newspaper, and in the Cana- 
 dian Journal of Toronto ; the latter the organ of the Canadian Institute, and a most 
 valuable publication. In February, 1856, Mr. Billings published the first number of 
 the Canadian Naturalist , a periodical devoted to scientific objects, which proved 
 extremely successful. The first volume was edited by Mr. Billings. He also took 
 an active part in the compiling and issuing of the Canadian Journal and of Silli- 
 man’s Journal. In 1863, he obtained a medal of honor at the Universal Exhibition 
 of London, and in 1867 the Historical Society of Montreal conferred on him the 
 same honor. Perhaps there is no man who has written so much as Mr. Billings has on 
 a vast variety of subjects connected with his profession. It would be impossible here 
 to enumerate them. He is thus spoken of in Littcrature Canadienne : <l Mr. Billings 
 est, au dire des savants, la plus haute autorit6 de la puissance en fait de paleontologie.” 
 He died full of honors some years ago. 
 
 REV. ROBT. L. LUSHER, 
 
 An eminent Minister in the Wesleyan Denomination, was born in London in the year 
 1786. and at an early age was trained and educated for the Ministry. In 1817 
 he was appointed to take charge of the Society in Montreal, and arrived here in 
 December of that year. The Wesleyan chapel at that time was in St. Sulpice street, 
 once occupied by the Fabrique, but now pulled down, where he preached for three 
 years. He returned to England in 1828, and nine years later he was reappointed 
 as Chief Pastor of the Wesleyan Body in Lower Canada, and arrived here in October, 
 1837. Shortly after his second arrival in this country his health gradually failed, and 
 after a career of great usefulness, he died in July, 1848, in the sixty-second year of 
 his age and thirty-third of his Ministry. He was chiefly eminent for his learning, 
 gentleness of disposition, and deep but unobtrusive piety. The science of Astronomy 
 was a favorite study of his, and his lectures on that subject showed great research. 
 As a preacher he was seldom equalled, if excelled, in his day, as the following extract 
 from the Canadian Courant, under date 23rd January, 1810, will shew : 
 
 “ We have sat under the preaching of the ablest divines, but we conceive the 
 pulpit elocution of the Rev. Mr. Lusher in this or almost any other country stands 
 unrivaled. Uniformly eloquent, his language is chaste, persuasive and classically 
 correct, full of pathos and a laudable zeal. Although he preaches extemporaneously, 
 the eye of criticism discovers nothing in his language redundant, nothing to retrench ; 
 and whilst it sweetly allures the understanding, is free from ostentation, bigotry and 
 enthusiasm, remarkable in a preacher of that persuasion.” It was not an uncommon 
 occurrence that when it was known of his intention to preach in the country parts, he 
 had to take his position at the church door, so that all might hear him both outside 
 and in. Mr. Seymour, of Montreal, remembers this to have been the case. His son 
 is the present Superintendent of the Montreal Street Railway. 
 
I 
 
 240 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL- 
 
 HON. L. O. LORANGER, 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born at St. Anne de Yamachiche on the 10th April, 
 • l8 „ He commenced his studies in the College of Montreal and fm.shed them m 
 that of the Jesuits. After studying Law for some years he was admitted Advocate on 
 the ud May 1858. He entered into partnership with his two brothers, T. J. J. 
 Loranger, Esq., late Judge of the Superior Court, Three Rivers District, and Joseph 
 Loranger, Esq., who died not long ago. He was obliged to work hard and to display 
 a great energy to keep and satisfy, after the advancement of his brother to the Bench, 
 a very large number of clients. He was considered one of the best lawyers of the 
 Bar of Montreal. Since 1866 he was a member of the Council of the Bar, and 
 w as elected to represent the St. Louis Ward in 1861, and continued for some time to 
 represent the Ward. He was President of the Committee of Arrangement of the 
 great St. Jean Baptiste fete held 24th June, 1874. He was elected to Parliament in 
 i 8 7 , for the county of Laval, and soon became one of the members of the Quebec 
 Cabinet, and, after being one of the best Attorney-Generals ever in office, was 
 promoted as Judge of the Superior Court of Montreal, where he has been ever since. 
 He is distinguished by a practical spirit, a sound judgment, an easy and agreeable 
 speech, and an impressible but prudent disposition. 
 
 HON. JOHN HAMILTON 
 
 Was born in Quebec, 1827. Originally the family came from Wandale, Scotland 
 He was the third son of Colonel George Hamilton of Hawkesbury, Canada, and 
 educated in Montreal. He was a member of the extensive lumber firm of Hamilton 
 Bros., and proprietor of the Hawkesbury Mills, Ontario. He was also a Director of 
 the Bank of Montreal, and was for some time President of the Merchants Bank. In 
 i860, he was elected to the Legislature of United Canada, for Inkerman, and 
 retained his seat till Confederation. Then by Royal Proclamation he was called to 
 the Senate, in which body he remained till he died in Montieal not long ago. His 
 son who died in Colorado recently must be remembered in the history of Montreal— 
 a fine young man who by his will left $100,000 to the funds of the General Hospital, 
 besides other large benefactions to private individuals and other public institutions. 
 
 MAJOR GODDU 
 
 Was one of the exiles to Bermudas. After the battle of St. Charles he brought back 
 his men to St. Cesaire, but very shortly after was arrested by one of his own friends, 
 who was a Constitutionalist, and being conducted to Montreal, laden with chains, 
 was thrown into the gaol, where he remained till the 2nd July, 1838, when he was 
 sent to Bermudas. 
 
u 
 
 RAYMOND PREFONTAINE, M.P. 
 
24t 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 RAYMOND FOURNIER PKE FONTAINE, B.C.L., M.P. 
 
 “ Was born at Longueuil, Province of Quebec, on the 16th of September, 1850. He 
 IS descended from one of the oldest and most honorable families in the Province. 
 His ancestors settled in what was then New France, in 1680. Receiving a sound edu- 
 cation, partly by private tuition and partly at the Jesuits’ College in Montreal, and 
 gifted with stiong natural abilities, a brilliant future was predicted for him at an early 
 period. He graduated from McGill University, at Montreal, and in 1873 was called 
 to the liar, receiving the degree of B.C.L the same year from McGill College. His 
 success in the practice of the law has been an unusually brilliant one, and he is now 
 a partner in one of the leading Law firms of the Metropolis. At an early age, like 
 most young lawyers, he went into politics, and ere long he was looked upon, not 
 only as an exceedingly active worker, but as an effective orator of great power and 
 a coming man. At the General Elections of 1875 for the Quebec Legislative 
 Assembly, he was nominated as Liberal candidate while only in his 25th year. He 
 carried the county against overwhelming odds. It was then hoped that he had 
 entered upon a career of great credit to himself and usefulness to the Province, when 
 he was relegated to private life. 1 he successful candidate, however, was unseated, 
 and in 1879 Mr. Prefontaine was re-elected. In 1881, at the time of the General 
 Elections, when “ the Conservative wave ” swept over the Province, Mr. Prefontaine 
 found himself again defeated. While a member of the Legislature he was elected 
 Mayor of Hochelaga, and secured a re-election in 1884. A year later Hochelaga 
 was annexed to the city, and Mr. Prefontaine became an Alderman of Montreal. 
 The eyes of the Dominion were turned on Mr. Prefontaine in 1886, when he ran 
 as the Nationalist candidate in Chambly, the first constituency opened by the 
 Dominion Government to test their strength after the execution of Louis Riel. 
 The election was one of the most stubborn and fiercely fought contests in 
 Canada, and it resulted in the return of Mr. Prefontaine, to the great satisfaction 
 of his friends and his party. The Dominion Elections of 1887 came on before 
 Mr. I refontaine could take his seat, and again he had to go through a great 
 contest, but he did so successfully. With a similar result at the next General 
 Elections Mr. Prefontaine may be considered as possessing the entire con- 
 fidence of his electors, who look with pride upon their champion. Mr. Pre- 
 fontaine ranks high among his colleagues of the Commons, and is one of the 
 most popular members of the House. He does not speak often, but when he 
 does it is to the point, and his remarks are effective. He is possessed of a keen, 
 discerning judgment, and his great business abilities stand him in good stead. He 
 is a hard worker and full of energy. The laboring classes, among whom he is 
 very popular, owe him much. He was the member who succeeded in having the 
 first law adopted for relieving the workingmen from the persecution of insatiable 
 creditors. Only one half of the wages of laborers can now be seized for debt. In 
 Ottawa he has devoted much time and labor in securing a practicable charter for 
 
 / 
 
242 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 the Montreal Bridge Company, an enterprise which is destined to benefit very exten- 
 sively Montreal and the south shore of the St. Lawrence by bringing them into closer 
 relations by easy access from one side of the river to the other. Lately Mr. Prefon- 
 taine has devoted much of his great energy and applied his talents as an Alderman 
 and Chairman of the Road Committee to entirely renovate the roadway of the streets 
 of Montreal, and in this he has succeeded in a wonderful manner. During the four 
 years that he has presided over this important body he has succeeded in carrying 
 out a considerable part of a vast scheme of improvement, extending over the entire 
 city, and which is intended to make of Montreal one of the cleanest and best paved 
 cities on the Continent. Personally he is very popular, and although one of the 
 busiest men among his fellow-citizens, he is always ready and willing to help his 
 friends and those who apply to him. He is especially popular, and leads among the 
 younger generation who have great faith in the future of Monti ^al, and wax en ^ ul 
 siastic over its prosperity. In 1876, Mr. Prefontaine married Mile. Heimantme^ 0 
 land, second daughter of the late Senator J. B. Holland, and has three children. 
 
 JOHN WANLESS, M.D. 
 
 « This famed homoeopathic physician is a Scotchman by birth, having been born at 
 Perth road, Dundee, near St. Peter’s parish church, where the celebrated Rev. R. M. 
 McCheyne was pastor, on May 26th, 1813. He is the second son of the late James 
 Wanless, a man who was in his day very much respected by his fellow townspeople, 
 and who for many years carried on business as a manufacturer of green cloth in Dun- 
 dee. His mother, Agnes Sim, at the age of ninety-six years, was in full possession 
 of her mental faculties, and could see to read without spectacles. Dr. Wanless much 
 resembles this wonderful woman in many respects. Dr. Wanless’s father intended 
 that his two sons should succeed him in his own business, but after his death, 
 which took place when the doctor was only ten years old, the executors of the estate, 
 when he had reached his thirteenth year, apprenticed him to Dr. James Johnston, 
 one of themselves, a leading physician in Dundee. This gentleman having ic 
 shortly afterwards, James Hay, merchant and, ship-owner, another of the execu- 
 tors, and one of the governors of the Dundee Royal Infirmary, discovering the 
 boy’s aptitude for medical study, was induced to secure for him the position ot 
 dresser and clinical clerk in the above hospital, which for three years he filled to the 
 entire satisfaction of the governors and medical men of the institution. While he was 
 here he was a great favorite with the celebrated lithotomist, Dr. John Creig iton, 0 
 Dundee, and this gentleman often asked young Wanless to assist him in his pnvate 
 operations, as well as in the hospital, and on the eve of his leaving to prosecute us 
 studies in Edinburgh, he bore high testimony to his ability and diligence as a student, 
 and as to his practical knowledge of his profession. It may be as well to mention 
 here that young Wanless, like all other boys on the Scotch seaboard, was very ton 
 of paddling in the water, and on several occasions narrowly escaped drowning. 
 
 n 
 
243 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 When about ten years of age he and some other boys were amusing themselves on 
 some logs that had got adrift from the ship Horto?i, of Dundee, just arrived from 
 America, and had floated up the river into a small bay, which at its mouth had a 
 sort of pier with arches on it. While astride a piece of this timber it capsized, and 
 our young hero was soon at the bottom of the river. On coming to the surface, he 
 found himself immediately below a raft, and considering that his time had not yet 
 come to be drowned, he struck out boldly from under, and gasping for breath, he was 
 hauled on the raft by his terrified comrades. On getting ashore he dried his clothes 
 and made for home ; but his father nevertheless discovered that he had had a duck- 
 ing, and gave him a sound thrashing and confined him indoors for some time for his 
 boyish escapade. The doctor now thinks that if his father — who was a very loving 
 man — had not been imbued with the idea that “ he that spareth the rod hateth the 
 child,” he would have done better had he given him some dry clothes, or sent him 
 for a time to a warm bed. In 1831, John Wanless left Dundee and went to Edin- 
 burgh, as a student in the Royal College of Surgeons, under the then celebrated Pro- 
 fessors McIntosh, Liston, Lizars, Ferguson, and others, Fellows of the College, all of 
 whom are now gone to their final rest. During the College Session of 1831, his friend, 
 Mr. Hay, offered him the position of Surgeon on board the whaling ship Thomas , 
 which office he cheerfully accepted, although he was then only seventeen years of 
 age. This good ship sailed from Dundee in March, 1832, and returned with a full 
 cargo in time to permit the young Surgeon to attend the opening of the College 
 Session of 1832-3. Subsequently during college vacation he went three times to 
 Davis Straits in the same ship, and thereby greatly invigorated his previously rather 
 slender physical frame. While on one of his whaling voyages he one day was out in 
 a boat shooting loons, which are very numerous in Davis Straits, and a good many 
 can be killed by one discharge from a gun. In the act of gathering the killed he 
 espied a wounded bird at a short distance, and in his endeavor to reach it he leaned 
 too far over the gunwale, lost his balance, and went head first into the Arctic Sea. His 
 shipmates were alarmed, and waited in dread suspense for some time, but at length 
 he came up, holding on to the loon by one of its legs. The mate afterwards 
 remarked Ci that the doctor should always be taken with the shooting parties, for he 
 could dive for the wounded fellows.” It may be here mentioned that the doctor was 
 a good swimmer, and as a youth practised swimming in the Tay of Dundee, and was 
 in the habit, sometimes, of carrying younger boys on his back out into the stream, 
 and then throwing them off ; but before doing this, however, he always gave them 
 instructions how to swim on their “ own hook.” He has been known to swim for 
 three miles on a stretch, resting occasionally on his back. At Pond’s Bay he one 
 time fell out of a boat, while steering with a long oar, amongst a lot of whales. 
 There were about fifty ships’ boats and their crews in a crack in the land ice, which 
 extended about twenty miles from the shore, and in some places the rent was about 
 one hundred yards wide. In this opening the whales were so numerous that the har- 
 pooners only selected the largest fish for capture. During the excitement, and when 
 
244 
 
 U 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 passing another boat, the blade of one of their side oars unshipped the doctor’s steer- 
 ing oar while he was pushing it from him, and, losing his balance, he lell into the 
 water. He, however, did not feel the least alarmed, but at onceVruck out for the ice, 
 and, drying his clothes as well as he could, walked to his ship, which was anchored 
 about two miles away, in the field ice, and soon found himself on deck, not much the 
 worse for his ducking. In the spring of 1835, having passed his examination before 
 the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, he returned to Dundee and 
 married Margaret McDonald, the only daughter of Duncan McDonald, a well-known 
 manufacturer of that town, and Margaret Rose, his wife. To Miss McDonald he had 
 been betrothed for several years. He then became House Surgeon in the Dundee 
 Royal Infirmary, and having filled this position for about two years, gave it up, and 
 entered into private practice, his office being in the same house in which he was 
 born and married. In 1843. Dr. Wanless, accompanied by his wife, mother, brother, 
 and sisters, with their husbands, emigrated to Canada, and ultimately settled in 
 London, Ontario. While in this city the doctor built up a good practice, and as 
 Coroner for the City of London and County of Middlesex he was highly spoken of by 
 the press for the luminous and logical way in which he presented evidence to his 
 jurors. In 1849, he received his license from the College of Physicians and Surgeons 
 of Lower Canada. One day, in 1859, as he was walking along a street in London to 
 visit a patient, he observed Dr. Bull, a homceopathist, give some pellets to a man who 
 had fallen out of a two-storey window. Having a prejudice against homoeopathy, he 
 accosted Dr. Bull in these words, “ Don’t you think shame of yourself in giving that 
 useless trash to a man in that condition ? ” Dr. Bull rose up, in a defensive attitude, 
 and said, “ I have always taken you for a sensible man, and instead of acting as you 
 have done in your persecutions of us, why don’t you try to test our remedies accord- 
 ing to the law of cure ? I will give you some of our books to read, and also some of 
 our medicines for that purpose.” Dr. Wanless accepted the offer, and took the books 
 and medicines, thinking that he would be able to expose what he then thought was 
 a humbug. After studying the principle of homoeopathy for some time he gave the 
 medicines to some of his patients, strictly according to the principles of homoeopathy, 
 beginning with some cases which had resisted the allopathic treatment undei his own 
 care, and that of some of the ablest men in the country, keeping a strict account of 
 the symptoms and disease, and the symptoms and pathogeny of what the medicine 
 would produce on the healthy body, and after carefully testing this method of prac- 
 tice for nearly two years, he found that, instead of persecuting the homceopathists, he 
 would have to become a homceopathist himself. After thorough conviction of its 
 benefits to his patients, like Paul with the Christians, and in order to carry out the 
 practice of homoeopathy with more efficiency, he ceased from practice in London, and 
 devoted himself to renewed study at the age of fifty years, and obtained the degree of 
 Bachelor of Medicine from the University of Toronto in 1861, and the degree of 
 Doctor in Medicine from the same University in the following year, 1862. He then, 
 in order to have a wider field to labor in, went to Montreal (but before leaving having 
 
 v 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 245 
 
 been complimented by the press of London upon his previous professional attain- 
 ments), where he no v resides, enjoying a good practice. In politics, as in medicine, 
 Dr. Wanless has sought to conserve the good, and set aside the effete and worthless. 
 Both in London and Montreal, by his spirited and able contributions to the press, he 
 has done much to popularize homoeopathy, and establish its prime tenets. He was 
 instrumental in procuring an Act of the Provincial Parliament of Quebec, in favor of 
 Homoeopathic Education, and with power to grant licenses to those who had studied 
 according to the curriculum specified by the Act, and who had passed a satisfactory 
 examination before the appointed Board of Examiners, as he always upheld that 
 homoeopaths, as well as allopaths, should be able to show that they possessed a 
 thorough medical education and training. Dr. Wanless is nominal Dean of the 
 Faculty of the College of Homoeopathic Physicians and Surgeons of Montreal, and 
 Professor of the Practice of Physic and one of the Examiners of the College. He 
 attained the license of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow in 1835 j 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada in 1849; M.B of the Univer- 
 sity of Toronto, 1861 ; M.D. of the University of Toronto in 1862, and is a member 
 of the Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario and Quebec. He has a son, 
 Dr. John R. Wanless, who now practices in Dunedin, New Zealand. This gentleman 
 is a graduate M.I).,C.M. of McGill University, Montreal, and, like his father, has 
 adopted the homoeopathic principle from conviction. In religion, as in politics and 
 medicine, the doctor is thoroughly Liberal, and belongs to the Congregational body of 
 worshippers. He is broad in his views, giving liberty of opinion to all, and exhibits 
 no desire to scold and burn those who differ from him, except to show them their 
 error by fair reasoning.” 
 
 DUNCAN McNAB McEACHRAN, F.R.C.V.S., 
 
 “ Principal of Montreal Veterinary College, Chief Inspector of Stock, etc., was born 
 at Campbeltown, Argyleshire, Scotland, on the 27th October, 1841. He is the oldest 
 son of the late David McEachran, who for many years was a member of the Town 
 Council, and for five years preceding his death was senior Bailie of Campbeltown. 
 The family is one of the oldest in Kintyre, descended from McEachran of Killellan 
 and Penygowan. The Ionic cross of Campbeltown, one of the oldest in Scotland, 
 bears the names of Edward and Malcolm McEachran, and the family tombstones 
 which are found within the ruins of the old church of St. Kiarian, date back as far as 
 the fourteenth century. David McEachran is also buried here. Duncan received 
 his earlier education in the schools of his native place, and at the age of seventeen 
 entered on his professional studies at Edinburgh, under the late Professor Dick. In 
 the autumn of 1862, he came to Canada, and took up his abode in Woodstock, 
 Ontario, where he practised his profession for neatly three years with marked success, 
 at the same time being engaged during part of the winter in giving lectures at Toronto, 
 and by this means rendered valuable service in the establishment of the Veterinary 
 
246 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 College in that city. During his residence in Woodstock, he contributed in various 
 wavs to the advancement of his profession, by lectures at farmers’ meetings, by con- 
 tributions to the agricultural press, and by the publication of a manual of veterinary 
 science The work on the “ Canadian Horse and his Diseases,” under the joint 
 editorship of himself and his friend, Professor Andrew Smith, of the Toronto Veter- 
 inary College, soon ran through two editions, and although a third edition is now 
 called for Professor McEachran will not consent to its issue, as he fondly hopes to 
 find time ’in the near future to publish a larger work on the same subject In 1866 
 he left Ontario and settled in Montreal, but before he left for that city, the Board of 
 Agriculture for Upper Canada passed a very complimentary resolution, expressing 
 regret at his departure, and he was entertained by a large number of his friends at a 
 public dinner at Woodstock. On his arrival in Montreal, thanks to his good reputa- 
 tion which had preceded him, and the influence of his numerous friends, his success 
 was speedily assured. Through the influence of the late Major Campbell, President 
 of the Board of Agriculture, aided by Principal (now Sir) J. W. Dawson, and the late 
 G. W. Campbell, Dean of the Medical Faculty of McGill University, an arrangement 
 was made for Professor McEachran to deliver a course of lectures on Veterinary 
 ■ Science in connection with the Medical School, which was the commencement of the 
 now widely known Montreal Veterinary College. In 1875, the present commodious 
 College buildings were erected on Union Avenue, at the expense of the founder and 
 Principal, the Government guaranteeing $1 ,800 per annum toward its expenses for ten 
 years, with the privilege of sending to it thirteen French and seven English students 
 annually free. This College is now considered the first of its kind in America, and 
 justly ranks high, even when compared with many of the schools in Europe, owing to 
 the appreciation of its head for thorough education. While the Veterinary Schools 
 at Toronto and New York admitted students without matriculation, and graduated 
 them in two sessions, here a matriculation is required, and the course extends over 
 three sessions of six months each. This plan was adopted by the Montreal College 
 before the English schools ; even the Royal Veterinary College of England was led 
 by the Montreal school in this very important matter. Professor McEachran has 
 associated with him in teaching the learned Principal and Professors of McGill 
 University, whose classes his students attend for collateral studies. ^ ear by year 
 since the establishment of this college, its progress has been most marked in the 
 number and educational standing of the pupils, and students have been attracted to 
 it from all parts of the United States and Canada. A Veterinary Medical Association 
 has been established in connection with the College, for the reading of papers and 
 the discussion of professional and kindred subjects, and a well-furnished library, con- 
 taining most of the old works, and all the new ones, embraced in veterinary litera- 
 ture, has been added to the College, mainly through the efforts of its energetic 
 Principal. Professor McEachran, during the past few years, has contributed many 
 valuable articles to professional journals and the agricultural press, as well as l>\ 
 public lectures, on his favorite theme. In 1875, he earnestly pressed upon the 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 2 47 
 
 attention of the Dominion Government, the necessity for the establishment of a quar- 
 antine system, to prevent the importation of certain cattle diseases from Europe, where 
 they were then prevailing to a deplorable extent. Acting on his advice the Govern- 
 ment created, in April, 1876, a quarantine station at Point Levis, Quebec, and made 
 the Professor Chief Inspector for the Dominion, and this position he still continues to 
 occupy. In January, 1879, was sent kyjhe Dominion Government to the United 
 States, to investigate the lung-plague — pleuro-pneumonia — and visited New York, 
 Long Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and the District of 
 Columbia ; and on his return he reported the prevalence of this serious disease in 
 all the States he had visited. The result was that shorly afterwards an embargo 
 was placed on the importation of all cattle from the United States to Canada and 
 Great Britain, requiring that they should be slaughtered at the port of debarkation, 
 within fourteen days after landing. This action of the British Government entailed 
 a heavy loss on cattle exported from the United States, but Canada, owing to her 
 freedom from the disease, and the perfect condition of her quarantine system, be- 
 came a gainer in proportion to a large amount. Professor McEachran’s name will 
 ever be associated with the early history of the export cattle trade of Canada, as one 
 who, at the proper moment, gave sound advice to the Government, which, being 
 promptly acted upon, helped in these early days to assist a trade that has since 
 grown to vast proportions. The efficiency of the quarantine for cattle under his 
 management has been thoroughly tested on two occasions, viz., 1885, when the 
 contagious disease, “foot and mouth,” or vesicular epizootic, was twice brought 
 into the quarantine from Great Britain, so thorough was the quarantine that not only 
 did it not extend beyond but it did not even affect any other cattle, of which there 
 were several hundred within the enclosure. The prompt and effective manner in 
 which pleuro-pneumonia was dealt with in 1886, when that fell destroyer was im- 
 ported in a herd of Galloways, proved beyond doubt the efficiency of the quarantine, 
 and the ability of the inspectors to deal with contagious diseases. If Canada to day 
 is free from contagious disease, it is due in a great measure to his energy and know- 
 ledge of" disease. In acknowledgment of his professional attainments he was elected 
 one of the original Fellows of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, on that 
 body being raised to the rank of a University in 1875, being the only one in Canada 
 on whom that honor was conferred. He has been intimately connected with the cattle 
 ranching business in the District of Alberta, Senator Cochrane and he being the 
 pioneers in that business on a large scale in Canada. Together they visited Alberta 
 in 1881, going via the Missouri River to Fort Benton, thence driving across the 
 plains to where Calgary is now built. On his return he published a series of inter- 
 esting letters, being a narrative of his trip, and description of the country. He was 
 Vice-President of the Cochrane Ranche Co., till 1883, when he became General 
 Manager of the Walrond Cattle Ranche Co., of which Sir John Walrond, Bart., is 
 President, and which is now the largest and one of the most successful ranches in 
 Canada. Professor McEachran was married on the 9th of June, 1868, to Esther, 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 248 
 
 youngest daughter of the late Timothy Plaskett, Esq., St. Croix, West India Islands, 
 to whom two children were born, viz., Evelyn Victoria, born May 24th, 1869, who 
 died May, 1874, and Jeanie Blackney, born 19th September, 1871. In politics, Pro- 
 fessor McEachran is a Conservative, but in consequence of his devotion to profes- 
 sional work he has never taken a very active part in politics. He served in the 
 militia force for ten years as Veterinary Surgeon to the Montreal Field Battery of 
 Artillery. He became a Justice of thePeace in 1866, with jurisdiction over the 
 entire Province of Quebec. ” 
 
 HORACE NELSON, M.D. 
 
 Eldest son of the late Dr. Wolfred Nelson. A graduate of the University of New 
 York and McCxiil College. He was about to proceed to Europe, in 1837, 10 com- 
 plete his medical studies, when the Rebellion of that period prevented his doing so, 
 when he went to New York and became an office student of the late celebrated Dr. 
 Valentine Mott. He was admitted to practice in 1843, and resided in Plattsburg, 
 New York, for a number of years, returning to Montreal in May, 1858, where he 
 practiced with his father and brother. He died in December, 1863. At various 
 times he held the following appointments : Professor of Theory and Practice of 
 Medicine and Pathology, in the Medical Department of the University of Vermont; 
 Fellow of the Pathological Society, Lecturer on Anatomy and Physiology in the 
 School of Medicine and Surgery and in Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy, in the 
 St. Lawrence School of Medicine, Montreal, and was Editor of Nelson' s American 
 Lancet , an ably conducted journal on Medical science. Surgery was a branch of his 
 profession to which he was devotedly attached, and in which he had great success. 
 
 ALFRED NELSON, M.D., 
 
 Was a licentiate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, and 
 was admitted to practice in 1849. He was { ^ e secon d son of the late Dr. Wolfred 
 Nelson, and was for many years Staff Surgeon of Volunteers. He succeeded his 
 father and brother in their practice, and died on the 6th of February, 1872. 
 
 WOLFRED NELSON, M.D. 
 
 Eldest son of the late Dr. Horace Nelson. A graduate of the Medical Faculties of 
 Bishop’s College, Montreal, and of McGill. Was admitted to practice and licensed 
 by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada in May, 1872. After a 
 visit to the London Hospital, he returned to Montreal, where he practised very 
 successfully, and is a young surgeon of much promise. 
 
 On the Staff of the Medical Faculty of Bishop’s College, he held the appoint- 
 ment of Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, and Curator of the Museum. He is now, 
 after some years being Physician on the Panama Canal, located in Brooklyn, and has 
 published a most interesting volume of his appointment at Panama, and what he 
 heard and saw. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 249 
 
 IiON. HENRY r£NE ARTHUR TURCOTTE, Q.C. 
 
 Sox of the late Hon. J. E. Turcotte, in his lifetime Speaker of the Legislative 
 Assembly of Canada, born 19th January, 1845. Married 16th January, 1873, Marie 
 Eleanor Isabella, only daughter of Angus Macdonald, Esq., of Becancour. He was 
 educated at the Jesuits’ College, Montreal, and at Stonyhurst College, Lancashire, 
 England. He was called to the Bar, Province of Quebec, June, 1867, and appointed 
 a Queen’s Counsel in 1879. Is an Honorary Director of the British Empire Mutual 
 Life Assurance Company. He has been Councillor, Alderman and Mayor of Three 
 Rivers. Was Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, Province of Quebec, from 4th 
 June, 1878, until the dissolution of the House, December, 1881. First returned to 
 Legislative Assembly, 18th March, 1876, and re-elected by acclamation at the 
 General Elections, 1878. Was an unsuccessful candidate at General Elections, 1881, 
 but the sitting member, Mr. Dumoulin, being unseated, he was elected 27th March, 
 1884. Re-elected at last General Elections. Appointed member of the Executive 
 Council 29th of January, 1887, as Attorney General of the Province. Introduced 
 and carried the Act exempting from seizure under execution one-half of a laborer’s 
 wages, and has carried through several measures amending the Civil Code and 
 simplifying Legal procedure. He is an independent Conservative in politics. 
 
 He acted as Premier during Ho t. H. Mercier’s first trip to Europe, and also 
 Commissioner of Crown Lands during Hon. Mr. Garncau’s absence at the same time. 
 He was defeated at General Elections, June, 1890, and appointed Prothonotary of 
 the Superior Court of Montreal, 19th August, same year, which office he now worthily 
 fills. 
 
250 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ROBERT NELSON, M.D., 
 
 Was bom January, 1794, and at an early age was apprenticed to the late celebrated 
 Doctor Arnoldi, of Montreal. While yet in his youth he was appointed surgeon to a 
 regiment called the “ Indian Warriors,” and served during the War of 1812. He was 
 one of the most distinguished and celebrated doctors of the day. It is told that on 
 one occasion an influential patient of his who had a ball lodged in his thigh for a 
 considerable time, and which Dr. Nelson was unable to extract, went to England to 
 consult some of the medical celebrities there. These, on ascertaining who had 
 attended him in Canada, said, “ if Dr. Nelson is unable to do anything for you, we 
 are perfectly sure we can do nothing.” The gentleman returned and died without 
 the ball having been extracted. Having been prominently mixed up with the politics 
 of the day, after a warm contest, the Doctor was elected in 1827, conjointly with M. 
 Papineau, to represent the City of Montreal in Parliament. He soon, however, with- 
 drew from that position to devote his time solely to his profession, which he loved 
 beyond all other things. He did not take an active part in 1837 ; but he was arrested 
 and cast into prison. After a time he was admitted to bail. 
 
 In 1838, the most eventful period of his career, he played a conspicuous part in 
 the affairs of the country. Being induced by a number of dissatisfied persons of 
 Canada, as well as some “ sympathizers ” from the States, to take up arms against 
 his country, he entered madly as chief into the chimerical scheme of invading 
 Canada, which proved abortive to those engaged in it. His property was sold at a 
 great sacrifice. He himself, a fugitive from justice, went to California, were he 
 amassed a considerable fortune. He died at his country seat on Staten Island, 
 N.Y., in March, 1873, aged eighty-four, leaving a large fortune to his son and suc- 
 cessor, Dr. Eugene Nelson, of New York. 
 
 HON. PETER MITCHELL. 
 
 His parents came from Scotland to New Brunswick, and settled on the Miramichi, 
 in that Province, 1818. Born in Newcastle, Miramichi, 1824. Educated at the 
 Grammar School there. Married, 1853, Mrs. Gough, of St. John. Called to the Bar 
 New Brunswick, 1848. Has been an extensive shipbuilder. Author of A Review 
 of President Grant's Recent Message to the United States Congress Relative to the 
 Canadian Fisheries and the Navigation of the St. Lawrence River (Ottawa, 1870). 
 Sworn of the Privy Council, July, 1867, and was Minister of Marine and Fisheries 
 from that date until 5th November, 1874, when he retired from office with his Chief, 
 Sir John A. Macdonald. Was a member of the Executive Council, New Brunswick, 
 from 1858 to March, 1865, when his party was defeated on an appeal to the people 
 on the scheme for the Confederation of British North America. In April, 1866, after 
 the resignation of the Smith Cabinet, was called upon to form a Government, in 
 connection with the Hon. R. D. Wilmot, which he did, holding the office of President 
 of Executive Council from that date until the Union. Was a delegate to Quebec in 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 251 
 
 1861, and again in 1862, on the subject of the Intercolonial Railway ; to the Union 
 Conference, in same city, 1864; and to the London Colonial Conference to complete 
 terms of Union of British North America Provinces, 1866. Sat for Northumberland 
 in New Brunswick Assembly from 1856 to i860, when appointed to the Legislative 
 Council, same Province, where he remained until the Union. Called to the Senate 
 by Royal Proclamation, May, 1867 ; continued to sit in that house until the General 
 Elections, 1872, when he resigned, and was returned for Northumberland in the House 
 of Commons by acclamation. Re-elected at General Elections, 1874 ; defeated 1878 ; 
 re-elected by acclamation in 1882, and re-elected at last General Elections, when 
 after a short incumbency he was defeated and retired for the time being from Politics. 
 • 
 
 HENRY LYMAN. 
 
 Mr. Henry Lyman, of McTavish street, is now in his seventy-ninth year, nearly 
 the whole of which has been passed in this city. Mr. Lyman entered upon his 
 business career in 1829, in his sixteenth year, in connection with the firm of Hedge 
 & Lyman, druggists, St. Paul street. With the view to public usefulness he eatly 
 joined John Luchins’ fire company, called the “ Property Protecting Fire Company,” 
 to protect portable property, and prevent pilfering at fires. He about the same 
 time joined the “ Philomathic Society,’ a small club, formed lor literary discussions, 
 of which he is now probably the sole representative. In 1837, Mr. Lyman joined 
 the ranks of the “ Montreal Rifles,” under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 the late Henry Griffin, Notary Public, and both as private and commissioned officer, 
 saw active service during the Rebellion. 
 
 Subsequently he assisted his brother and partner, the late Benjamin Lyman, in 
 the formation of a volunteer fire engine company, the “ Union,” which proved a 
 model company, and its improved engine, the first of its kind, by emulation led to 
 substantial improvement in the then existing civic fire department. Mr. Lyman 
 took an active part in the establishment of the “American Free School,” the late 
 Rev. G. W. Perkins, of the American Presbyterian Church, taking the initiative in 
 the movement. A government grant in aid was obtained from the Government of 
 Lord Sydenham, and voluntary subscriptions provided the balance of funds necessary. 
 The school supplied a crying want, was a success from the beginning, and continued 
 its operations for many years, very quietly and without ostentation, but with increas- 
 ing usefulness. I11 1845, Mr- Lyman assisted in the direction of the “ Montreal 
 Building Society,” which was the first institution of the sort in the city, and so far 
 as is known only one other member of the board survives at this date. The society 
 was wound up under Mr. Lyman’s presidency in 1856. In 1851, Mr. Lyman was a 
 member of the local commission for the great London Exhibition under the pre- 
 sidency of the late Prince Consort, and received a diploma and medal “ for services.” 
 About this period, associated with others, all of whom have passed away, Mr. Lyman 
 
u 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 assisted in the formation of the “Canada Sunday School Union,” an organization for 
 the promotion of mission schools in Upper and Lower Canada. In 1853, Mr. Lyman 
 was elected a member of the City Council from the West Ward, where he rendered 
 yeoman service, more especially in the establishment of the then new water works, 
 the introduction of the fire alarm telegraph, which added to the value of all insur- 
 able property for all time to come, and also in the establishment of the Mount Royal 
 Park, a boon of inestimable value to the citizens. Mr. Lyman represented the Centre 
 Ward in 1867, and retired in 1870 with a vote of thanks from the Fire Committee 
 and Council. In 1856, Mr. Lvman assisted as honorary treasurer for the celebration 
 of the opening of the Grand Trunk Railway, a very noticeable event, and numerously 
 attended by prominent persons from Ontario and the neighboring United States. 
 In 1863, Mr. Lyman was Vice-President of the Board of Trade, and represented it on 
 the Harbor Commission. The other members were the Hon. John Young, the Hon. 
 Jean L. Beaudry, Thomas Cramp and Alex. M. Delisle, all of whom are dead. He 
 filled the office of President of the Board of Trade in 1881-1882. 
 
 Believing that the Insolvent or Bankrupt Law was injurious to the commercial 
 interests of the country, he took an active and successful part in effecting its repeal. 
 
 Mr. Lyman is a Life Governor of the House of Industry and Refuge, and a life 
 member of the Mechanics' Institute and of the Natural History Society. 
 
 In 1867, he was elected a member of the board of the Citizens* Insurance Com- 
 pany, and succeeded the late Sir Hugh Allan in the presidency at his decease in 1881. 
 In 1876, Mr. Lyman took an active part as chairman of the building committee of 
 Emmanuel Congregational Church. Mr. Lyman has now retired from many of the 
 active labors which occupied his time and energies in former days, but he is still 
 anything but an idle man, attending regularly to business and other pursuits, being 
 the senior partner of the firm of Lyman Sons & Co., Montreal, and Lyman Bros. & 
 Co., Toronto. 
 
 HON, HORACE ARCHAMBAULT 
 
 Was born at L’Assomption on the 6th March, 1857. His father was the well- 
 known Hon. Louis Archambault. He was formerly a Legislative Councillor for 
 Quebec and a member of the House of Commons of Canada. He is best known as 
 a member of the Administration and Executive Council of Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau 
 as Premier, and afterwards of the Hon. G. Ouimet as Premier. 
 
 The subject of our sketch was educated at L’Assomption College, and after- 
 wards at Laval University. He chose the legal profession, and after studying Law 
 successfully, he was admitted to the Bar of Quebec in October, 1878. He has been 
 Professor of Commercial and Maritime Law at Laval University since 1880. He was 
 appointed to the Legislative Council, 5th June, 1888. He married 22nd September, 
 x 882, at Quebec, Delle Lizzie Leheime. He is one of the most promising lawyers 
 and rising politicians, and will make his way in the Province of Quebec during the 
 early part of the 20th century. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 253 
 
 WM. EVANS. 
 
 The subject of our sketch was one of the most well-known agriculturists of Lower 
 Canada. Nearly thirty-five years ago the old gentleman, full of honors and patriotism, 
 passed away from this busy scene, but his endeavors to elevate the standard of agri- 
 culture in this Province and to raise the position of a farmer (the real bone and 
 muscle of any country, except a purely manufacturing one) still live and are observ- 
 able, as annually, the various country and other exhibitions and cattle shows come 
 round. Improved breeds of animals, and latest styles of agricultural implements, 
 better barns and stables, a much improved system of planting and reaping, and many 
 other things have all been the offspring of Mr. Evans’ endeavors to promote the 
 agricultural interests of this Province. He was for many years the Secretary of the 
 Agricultural Society of Lower Canada. A contemporary writing of him at the time 
 of his death, 1857, says: “ ft has been our fortune to meet few worthier or more 
 patriotic men than he, few more diligent in the promotion to the uttermost of his 
 ability of the prosperity of this his adopted country.” Enthusiastically devoted to 
 agricultural pursuits, he spent over forty years as an agriculturist in Canada. He 
 was also editor of the Agricultural Journal , published under the auspices of the 
 Society of which he was Secretary. During his latter years, after retiring from the 
 Secretaryship, he was a frequent contributor to the columns of the Journal . Almost 
 the last words he wrote were these : “ While it may be the will of God to spare me I 
 shall persevere in the good cause of endeavoring to promote the improvement of 
 agriculture in Canada.” Even while the good old man wrote these words the vow so 
 to speak was fulfilled. He died rather suddenly, though he had been ailing some 
 time previously. “ Full of years, enjoying the esteem of all who knew him, and sur- 
 rounded by a large circle of tried friends, he has passed peacefully away — a man 
 whom many loved while living, many will regret his death; one who strove faithfully 
 to do his duty in that state of life in which it pleased God to place him.” 
 
 His sons are well-known merchants of Montreal. One is in the coal and wood 
 business ; the second died not long ago, well respected by his fellow citizens; whilst 
 the third owns the well-known agricultural implement and seed depot opposite 
 St. Ann’s Market, and whose name to farmers in all parts of Canada is almost as 
 familiar as his father’s was of old. He is also a tried and intelligent agriculturist 
 and seedsman. 
 
 MATTHEW HUTCHINSON 
 
 Was born in Halifax County, Nova Scotia, 29th October, 1842. He is the grandson 
 of a United Empire Loyalist, who emigrated there after the War of Indepen- 
 dence in America. The family afterwards removed to Upper Canada, near Clinton. 
 He was educated in London Grammar School and McGill College, where he attained 
 his B.C.L. degree in 1873, being the gold medallist of the year. He was admitted 
 to the Bar in 1874, and has ever since given all his attention to the duties of his 
 profession. In 1879, he was appointed Associate Professor of McGill on Civil 
 Procedure, and still retains the Chair. 
 
254 
 
 U 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ALDIS BERNARD. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born on the banks of Lake Memphremagog, Province 
 of Quebec— consequently Dr. Bernard is a Canadian by birth, although when quite 
 a child he was taken to the United States. There he obtained all that could be 
 acquired in dentistry. He practised about ten years in the Southern States, and in 
 1840 came North on account of his health. Previous to his leaving the South he 
 had married a lady of Maryland. He spent a short time at Niagara and other 
 parts of Ontario, but in 1841 came to Montreal, where he lived till his death. 
 There were only three dentists in Montreal then, the names of whom few of the 
 present generation have ever heard of. The three dentists were called Spooner, 
 Logan and Scripture. In 1844, when Montreal was the seat of Government, Dr. 
 Bernard endeavored to improve the condition of his profession by legislation, but 
 the burning of the Parliament House with the Act containing the improved clauses 
 put an end to his attempts at that time. He, however, persisted in his efforts, and 
 being strongly aided by the dentists of Montreal and Quebec, finally succeeded in 
 obtaining an Act of Incorporation which has greatly elevated the standard of ability 
 in his profession and made it honorable and useful. He was appointed the first 
 President under the provisions of the Act, and, having from time to time afterwards 
 been elected by the Association, held the office. In 1844, a heavy bereavement fell 
 upon him in the death of his wife and only child. 
 
 He was always an active member of the City and its Council. In 1858, he was 
 elected City Councillor for the Centre Ward, and for many years represented that 
 Ward. Among other public matters in which he took a most active part and interest, 
 he was President of the Mechanics’ Institute, one of the founders of the So- 
 ciety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, an honorary member and dental 
 licentiate of Ontario, and also of the Ontario Dental Society. He was successively 
 Chairman of the Finance Committee, of the Police, and of the new City Hall. He 
 is the Author or the chief promoter of many of the most beneficial by-laws of Mon- 
 treal, such as City Passenger, Sunday Liquor, Milk Inspection and Tree Planting by- 
 
 l a w S . H 
 
 On the 23rd of June, 1873, he was unanimously elected to the highest office in 
 the city on the death of Mayor Cassidy, and next year, 1874, in opposition to five 
 other candidates, he was again re-elected Mayor of the City. During his term 
 of office the Mountain Park was acquired by the city, also the Dominion 
 Square, the old Protestant Burying Ground, Quebec Gate Barracks, St. Helen’s 
 Island and Logan’s Farm for public purposes. The new City Hall was begun, and 
 many other essential and recognized improvements in the Montreal City Charter, 
 Water Works, sanitary and other matters. 
 
 Dr. Bernard was a Harbor Commissioner, a Director of the Northern Coloniza- 
 tion Railway, a Justice of the Peace, and one of the License Commissioners by Act 
 of Parliament. In politics, a Liberal ; in religion, a Wesleyan. He re-married in 
 1851, and had a family of five sons and two daughters. He died some years ago. 
 
255 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 WILLIAM CRAIG BAYNES 
 
 "Was born in Quebec in 1809, and went home with his parents in 1815. He was the 
 eldest of five sons, three of whom entered the army. lie was educated for the civil 
 service of the Honorable East India Company, to which he received his appoint- 
 ment, and went to Heylebury College. He was a contemporary there with Sir Thomas 
 Lawrence, the late Governor General of India. On the death of his father he gave 
 up his appointment, and shortly after entered Trinity College, Cambridge, taking his 
 Bachelor of Arts degree in 1836, passing through the Divinity School with a view to 
 Ordination. In 1839, was summoned to take his Master’s degree, but conscien- 
 tiously declining the oath of conformity, the degree was refused. Having married in 
 1841 a daughter of Dr. Augustus Harvey, of Cole Park in the County of Wilts ; in 1843 
 he came to Canada, and settled on the lands purchased by his father in 1809, and 
 having arrived, proceeded to Kingsey. where he farmed extensively for twelve years, 
 and assisted materially in the introduction of improved breeds of cattle into the 
 neighboring districts. In 1856, on the Secretaryship of the Royal Institution for 
 Advancement of Learning being vacant, and being solicited by his friends to apply, 
 the appointment was conferred upon him in May of that year, and he held the 
 appointment to his death ; and while ardently desiring the progress of the estate 
 and welfare of the University, he secured at the same time a material end he had in 
 view, viz., the education of his four sons, all of whom took their degrees in one or 
 other of the Faculties, being trained at the High School and graduating at McGill 
 University. He died some years ago. 
 
 The connection of this family in Canada is as far back as the early part of this 
 century. Major General Baynes was born in the year 1771, and was trained at the 
 Military Academy at Marlow. He was the eldest of five sons ; the four younger 
 were all educated at Woolwich Academy, where their uncle, the late General Sir 
 John McLeod, was Adjutant General, who married Lady Emily Kerr, daughter of 
 the Marquis of Lothian, whose eldest son was Lieutenant Colonel of the 42nd High- 
 landers, and fell leading the Forlorn Hope at the capture of Badajos. They entered 
 the Royal Artillery and served in the Peninsular war ; two of them were in 
 the battle of Waterloo. Major General Baynes received his commission in 
 1783 ; and after serving at Gibraltar and the West Indies be became aide-de- 
 camp to Major General Sir James Henry Craig, K.C.B., in 1784. He was with 
 Sir James at the taking of the Cape of Good Hope in 1795, an( * also at the 
 capture of a Dutch Force in Saldanna Bay in 1796, and obtained his majority 
 in 76th Foot; he proceeded with Sir James to India, where he served through 
 the whole of that General’s active service. Here he married Anne Francis, the 
 only child of William Cator, of the Honorable Fast India Company’s Civil Ser- 
 vice, who fell in the action of the Kent, East Indiaman captured by French 
 privateers in 1800. On returning to England, in 1803, he was appointed Lieut.- 
 Colonel of the 5th Foot, and in 1805 joined the Expedition at Portsmouth under 
 Sir James Craig, who again wishing his services as his first aide-de-camp he was 
 
u 
 
 256 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL, 
 
 placed on half-pay and served with Sir James at Gibraltar, Malta, Naples and 
 Sicily until 1806, when the Expedition returned to England. For a long time 
 there had been a serious misunderstanding with the Cabinet at Washington, and 
 war was considered imminent with the United States; the English Government, 
 therefore, felt it was necessary to set the Canadas in defence. Upon the urgent 
 solicitations of the Government, Sir James Craig, whose health was then con- 
 siderably impaired, at that time consented to come out as the Governor General, 
 with the nomination of the King’s two appointments of Adjutant-General and 
 Quarter Master General of British North America; to the Adjutant Generalship 
 Colonel Baynes was appointed, and Colonel, afterwards Lieutenant General Sir 
 James Kemp, G.C.B., to the Quarter Master Generalship. They arrived in 1807, 
 and took active measures to carry out the end in view. One of them was the 
 strategical road, known as the present Craig’s road, that passes through the East- 
 ern Townships, then the only communication between Quebec and that district. 
 The expenses of this undertaking were met by the sale of lands in the townships, 
 and the subject of this memoir purchased a considerable tract in the Township of 
 Kingsey. On the raising of the Glengarry Fencibles, the Colonelship was given 
 to the Adjutant General. Sir James’ health failing him rapidly, he begged to be 
 recalled, and was succeeded by Lieutenant General Sir George Prevost, Baronet. 
 Colonel Kemp had previously returned to England and joined the Duke of Wel- 
 lington, but the Adjutant General remained, and was actively engaged through the 
 war of 1812: among other engagements he led the troops at the taking of Sachet’s 
 Harbor. On Sir Gordon Drummond succeeding Sir George Prevost, General 
 Baynes, being earnestly pressed to attend the trial of Sir George Prevost, returned 
 to England, and peace being shortly after declared his military services closed. 
 The General died in 1829. 
 
 Was born at “Riviere Ouelle ” in 1812, his father being a farmer of that place. 
 He came to Montreal at the age of twenty-five, and has ever since lived here. He 
 early commenced his career in the grocery trade, and rapidly, by strict attention to 
 business, acquired a large fortune. No man can better claim the name of patriot 
 than Victor Hudon. Victor by name, he has been victorious over many difficulties, 
 and struggled on to affluence and success. Well does a man deserve a niche in his 
 country’s history, who at the allotted term of man’s life nobly began such a patriotic 
 enterprise as Mr. Hudon did, in building the extensive mills which once bore his 
 name in Hochelaga, and endeavoring to bring back his countrymen from the United 
 States to work in their own land to emigrate no more to other scenes of labor. 
 
 Mr. Hudon is a Director of the Jacques Cartier Bank. As a good Christian he 
 has given no less than three sons to the Church, who are priests in the Jesuits 
 College of St. Mary. He has always refused all positions in the City Council and in 
 the Government of the country. And now, after many misfortunes in business, still 
 appears, as he has ever been, victor over all. 
 
 VICTOR HUDON 
 
KJ 
 
 C. S. CHERRIKR, Q C. 
 
257 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 C. S. CHERRIER, Q.C., LL.D. 
 
 This well-known citizen of Montreal was born at Repentigny, 22nd July, 1798. 
 His lather was poor, but the son had for his protection a man who occupied the first 
 rank in the annals of his country, the Hon. Denis Benjamin Viger, son of Denis 
 Viger, into whose house young Cherrier had been received. 
 
 At the time the celebrated Mr. Roque was principal of the Montreal College, 
 the subject of our sketch was a student under him. After passing his curriculum, 
 he entered the Law office of his patron, Hon. D. B. Viger, and, in course of time, 
 was received as an advocate, 25th August, 1822. Mr. Cherrier entered society in 
 company with one of the most distinguished advocates of the time, Louis Michel 
 Viger, who is generally known by the name of Le Beau Viger. In 1827, Attorney 
 General Stuart was beaten at Sorel by YVolfred Nelson, the Liberal candidate, and 
 the whole power of the bureaucracy was levelled against many of the electors, who 
 were accused of perjury. Mr. Cherrier defended them in routine, and they were all 
 acquitted. 
 
 In the following year, Walker, of the Canadian Spectator , Duvernay of the 
 Gazette, Samuel Nelson, and M. Lee, of Quebec, also Charles Mondelet of Three 
 Rivers, were all arrested and brought before the Tribunals, for writing seditious libels 
 against the administration of Lord Dalhousie. The question of the illegality of the 
 composition of the petit jury, impannelled for the trial of Mr. Waller, was success- 
 fully pleaded in the Court of King’s Bench by Cherrier, Walker and Dominique 
 Mondelet, and ended in the acquittal of Walker. 
 
 Mr. Cherrier was associated with Mr. L. H. Viger from 1832 to 1834; with M. 
 Laberge from 1835 to *841 ; with Chas. Mondelet, afterwards Judge, from 1841 to 
 i860 ; and also for some time with the late Sir A. A. Dorion and Wilfrid Dorion, 
 afterwards Judge. Mr. CherHer married, in 1833, Dame Veuve Coursol, mother of 
 the well-known Judge, lately deceased. All the honors which the Montreal advocates 
 are wont to confer on their most distinguished confreres they conferred on Mr. 
 Cherrier. He was the Batonnier of the Bar of Montreal, and the University of St. 
 John, Fordham, New York, conferred on him the degree of LL.D., Doctor of Laws. 
 He was decorated by Pope Pius IX., on the occasion of his great speech on the 
 temporal power of the Papacy, a speech remarkable in every way, and which he 
 delivered in the Notre Dame Church. 
 
 In the troublous times of 1837-38 the young advocate, with his friend D. B. 
 Viger, were both arrested and lodged in gaol for high treason. He was amongst the 
 very first names marked off, and among the first commitments signed by P. C. 
 Leclere, Police Magistrate ; but, afterwards, he was allowed out on bail. On the 
 fiftieth year of his profession a great banquet was given him in Montreal. A fine 
 address was presented to him by his confreres and citizens. The orators that evening 
 were of the most distinguished ranks : Judges Monk, Mondelet, Loranger, Coursol, 
 and Armstrong, Mr. Doherty (afterwards Judge), who was then Batonnier of the Bar, 
 
 17 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 258 
 
 and who presided on the occasion. Hon. Mr. Dorion (afterwards Sir A. A. and Chief 
 Justice), Mr. Lacoste (now Chief Justice), and Messrs. Hunter, Cassidy, and J. A. 
 Chapleau. The last two made stirring speeches in reply to the “ Health of the 
 Ladies.” “ Le premier en sa quality de vieux gallon actuel, 1 autre en sa qualite 
 
 de futur vieux gar^on deja pas mal avance. 
 
 Let me finish this short sketch of Mr. Cherrier’s life in the words which I used 
 in his sketch seventeen years ago, for the sentiments were unchanged to his death. 
 
 “ La vie de M. Cherrier offre le spectacle d’une riche nature perfectionnee par le 
 sentiment religieux, illuminee par le flambeau de la foi. C’est grace a cette lumiere 
 qu’il a pu marcher toujours si droit dans la voie du bien, pratiquer toutes les vertus, 
 remplir si parfaitement tous ses devoirs envers Dieu et envers la soci6t6, 
 
 Quoiqu’on en dise, la philosophic seule formera difficilement un honnete homme 
 comme M. Cherrier, un homme dont la viedepuisles ardeurs de la jeunesse jusqu’aux 
 graces de la vieillesse est un enchainement de bonnes actions, d’actes de vertu. ’ 
 
 WILLIAM HENDERSON 
 
 Was born at Derannanning, County Fermanagh, Ireland, ist June, 1810. He was 
 of Scotch descent. He came to Quebec with his father, David Henderson, in June, 
 1820. Afterwards he was engaged in the firm of A. Jackson & Co., lumber mer- 
 chants of that city. At the end of two years he entered into partnership with Messrs. 
 Jackson and McAlpine. In 1828, he went into partnership with his father, when they 
 commenced manufacturing lumber on the St. Anne, Batiscan and Champlain Rivers, 
 sixty miles west of Quebec. At this time he also kept a general store at Ste. Gene- 
 vieve de Batiscan, which he continued till 1840. He was at the same time, from 
 1830 to 1838, the Superintendent of Allan, Gilmour & Co.'s YVolfe-Cove and Ship- 
 ping Department, Quebec. In 1842, he came to Montreal, and started in business. 
 In connection with the lumber and timber trade he started steam saw and 
 planing mills and a box factory on the Lachine Canal Bank. These large mills 
 were all burned down in 1874, but in January, 1875, were rebuilt, and are now the 
 finest and largest saw and planing mills in the city, doing an immense amount of 
 business during the year. In 1872, he also built steam saw mills in l’Assomption for 
 the manufacture of sawn lumber, where he had many miles of well wooded limits 
 extending on the different rivers round about the mills. Almost all the produce of 
 these mills was for the English and American markets, although a quantity was 
 sent to South America. He owned several boats for shipping his lumber and timber, 
 all of which industries gave employment to a large number of men. 
 
 Mr. Henderson was a member of the City Council from 1868 to 1871. He was 
 a life member of the Protestant House of Industry and Refuge, and took a most 
 active part in the welfare and support of the Montreal General Hospital and other 
 charitable institutions. 
 
 He married, in 1835, a daughter of the late Captain Jamieson of the 4th Royal 
 Battalion, and his sons are actively employed in the business. After a busy life he 
 died not long ago in Montreal. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 2 59 
 
 HON. SENATOR DRUMMOND. 
 
 “The Hon. Geo. A. Drummond. Senator, needs no introduction to the Canadian 
 public. As a citizen of Montreal, as a business man, as a patron of art and a friend 
 of all good works, he has earned and holds to-day an honored place in the ranks of 
 the leading men of his adopted country. Mr. Drummond is a native of Edinburgh, 
 Scotland, where he was born in the year 1829. In 1854, he came to Canada, to act 
 in the capacity of Superintendent for the Canada Sugar Refining Company. Gifted 
 with fine business ability, as well as energy and force of character, he rose to the 
 position of President in the company. He has also interested himself in many other 
 important industrial and commercial enterprises. His standing in the business world is 
 indicated by the fact that he is Vice-President of the Bank of Montreal, and was for 
 several years President of the Montreal Board of Trade. In whatever concerned the 
 welfare and progress of Montreal, the Hon. Mr. Drummond has interested himself 
 heartily and to good purpose. In addition to being the President of the Canada 
 Sugar Refining Company he is President or Vice-President or Director in many other 
 important companies engaged in commerce, mining or manufacture. Apart from 
 purely business concerns he is an intelligent and discriminating patron of art, and 
 possesses one of the finest collect ionsjof paintings to be found in Canada. His 
 private residence is one of the handsomest in Montreal. Mr. Drummond was called 
 to the Senate on December 1st, 1888, and the appointment was received with universal 
 satisfaction. His high reputation, coupled with the knowledge of his wide reaching 
 and successful business career, inspired confidence that the talents so ably exercised 
 in personal concerns would be no less worthily and ably devoted to the general 
 interests of the country.” 
 
 GEORGE BROWNE 
 
 Was born in Belfast, Ireland, 1811. His father, of the same name, was an architect 
 of that city. He came to Quebec in 1830, where he resided for a number of years. 
 During 1837-38 he held a commission in the Militia, and then took an active part. 
 In 1840, he removed to Montreal. In 1841, he was sent to Kingston to prepare the 
 Parliament Buildings there, and was at the same time the architect of the City Hall 
 and Market. In 1844, he was sent by the Board of Works Department to Montreal 
 to prepare the Parliament Buildings and other Government offices ; and “ Monk- 
 lands,” the residence then of the Governor General, the City Hall and the City 
 Concert Hall were fitted up under his supervision. In 1851-52, he was employed 
 by the Board of Works Department to proceed to Quebec to plan and superintend 
 the alterations in the Parliament Buildings (since destroyed by fire) and Spencer 
 Wood, the then Governor General’s residence. 
 
 In 1854, he was unanimously elected to represent the Centre Ward. In 1857, 
 he was appointed to the Commission of the Peace. Special mention may be made 
 of the Montreal Merchants’ Exchange, subsequently destroyed by fire, and the 
 Molson Banking House, which were also designed by Mr. Browne. He died a few 
 years ago. 
 
26 o 
 
 U 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 HON. JUDGE C. P. DAVIDSON 
 
 “ Was born in this Province in 1843, and is the eldest son of the late Captain Alexander 
 Davidson. The learned judge was educated at McGill University, Montreal. He 
 graduated B. A. and B.C.L. in 1863, and received his M.A. in 1867. He was admitted 
 to the Bar in 1864, and practised in partnership with Mr. Justice Cross of the Court 
 of Appeals. During his career at the Bar Mr. Davidson greatly distinguished himself 
 as an able and eloquent pleader. For several years he acted as Crown Prosecutor in 
 this city, and was in every respect a model Crown Counsel. He was created Queen’s 
 Counsel in 1878, in which year he published a work on <( The Banking Laws of 
 Canada.” He contested Montreal Centre for the Legislature in 1882 and Huntingdon 
 for the House of Commons in 1883, but was unsuccessful on both occasions. His 
 appointment to the Superior Court in June, 1887, was a very popular one, and it is 
 not too much to say that Judge Davidson has fully justified the brightest prophecies 
 of his friends. He has not only been a diligent and faithful judge, whose decisions 
 have been legally found and gracefully expressed — for the learned judge is a master 
 of English — but his conduct of trials has invariably been marked by great judicial 
 dignity and suavity. His promptitude in deciding cases has been remarkable, though 
 he has never sacrificed thoroughness to celerity. Since his appointment, he has 
 presided over most of the large commercial jury trials with great acceptance. He 
 is in the full vigor of life, and his nomination as a late Royal Commissioner was 
 well received. Judge Davidson was Colonel of the Victoria Rifles, and for many 
 years President of the Montreal Snowshoe Club and the Victoria Skating Club. He 
 is an enthusiastic yachtsman, and spends his vacations at his beautiful summer home 
 at Dorval, on Lake St. Louis.” 
 
 J. T. FINNIE, M.D., L.R.C.S., Edin., 
 
 Was born at Peterhead, Scotland, 14th September, 1847. Finnie was educated 
 partly in the Parish School of his native place , and, after coming to Canada, in the 
 High School of McGill College, Montreal, and latterly in the University. He gradua- 
 ted as Doctor of Medicine from the latter Institution in 1869. After this, he went to 
 Edinburgh, London and Paris, walking the hospitals of these celebrated cities, and 
 in October of that year he passed the necessary examination at the Royal College of 
 Surgeons, Edinburgh, and received from that Institution the degrees of Surgery 
 and Midwifery. He returned to Montreal in 1879, anc * f° r ^ rst quarter of a 
 century has successfully practised his profession. Dr. Finnie is well known amongst 
 various Societies, national and other kinds, and on two occasions has been elected 
 President of the Montreal Caledonian Society. He has also been President of the 
 Montreal Swimming Club. He is too busy to attend to Municipal or Provincial politics, 
 though more than once offered positions both in the City Council and Legislature. 
 If time permitted he would make a valuable addition to any party to which he would 
 ally himself. He married 9th April, 1874, Amelia, daughter of the late Chas. Healy> 
 of Montreal, and has four children. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 2 6l 
 
 JOHN G. DINNING 
 
 Has born July ioth, 1807, in Glasgow, Scotland. He was educated in the principal 
 commercial school of that city. He was there a clerk in the firm of Edward 
 Walkinshaw & Co., engaged in the Australian trade, and by them was sent to Liver- 
 pool in 1831. A friend of his family, a Mr. Middleton, offered him a position in a house 
 in Gibraltar, and after some time in that interesting fortress town, he was transferred 
 to Cadiz, Spain, where he remained until the Spaniards closed the port. He then 
 came to Canada to push a claim of Mr. Middleton against a Montreal firm of that 
 day. After forty-two days of tempestuous struggle against wind and sea, the vessel 
 reached New York in the spring of 1835. He came on to Montreal and met with a 
 cordial reception from Messrs. H. & A. Allan. In 1836, the ice on the St. Lawrence, 
 which had done great damages by “ shoves ” and floods, drove in the walls of 
 Handyside's distillery on Commissioners street. The ice piled thirty feet high. At 
 a point on Common street, not far from what is now McGill street, the ice crushed 
 a house in which a man named White, wife and three children were killed while 
 sitting at dinner. Mr. Dinning then commenced writing upon the flood question. 
 I he floods of 1838, 1840 and 1841 followed, and a public meeting was held and a 
 Royal Commission of the Royal Engineers was appointed. Nothing came out of it 
 but a report, and Mr. Dinning employed, at his own expense, the late George Wait 
 to make surveys. In 1836, Mr. Dinning entered into a partnership with Mr. Senior, 
 a Liverpool commission merchant, under the name of Dinning & Senior, and an 
 extensive and lucrative trade was built up between Montreal and Liverpool, Glasgow, 
 Hamburg and Dundee. Then came the Rebellion, and exchange on London reached 
 thirty-eight per cent premium. Several heavy losses resulted in a closing up of the 
 partnership. Mr. Dinning served in the Royal Montreal Cavalry, under Captain 
 Sweeney, and was mentioned honorably for his services. Mr. Dinning’s next venture 
 was the purchase of the Courier about 1856. With Mr. Turner as editor, he pub- 
 lished the journal until 1862, when he sold it to the late Edmund H. Parsons, who 
 changed the name of the paper to the Evening Telegraph , and made it a two-cent 
 daily, which continued to be in Montreal the rampant organ of the Southern States, 
 then fighting for states’ rights. The Witness inaugurated the one-cent newspaper 
 system, and the Telegraph died a natural death. Mr. Dinning, in 1851, was appointed 
 Secretary of the Board of Trade, and filled the duties of Secretary of the Corn 
 Exchange and of Secretary of the Merchants’ Exchange. He resigned the position 
 after nine years of service. Mr. Dinning held the position of Secretary of the Mer- 
 chants’ Exchange Reading Room for twenty-eight years. He was constantly at his 
 post until stricken down with palsy. In 1882, Mr. Dinning removed to Lachine, 
 where he resides with his family of two daughters and one son. In 1842, Mr. 
 Dinning himself paid for the first water cart on St. Antoine street, and paid for the 
 first posts and chains on Victoria Square in order to protect the public from accidents. 
 Mr. Dinning’s public spirit is recorded in the improvements now seen and so often 
 advocated by him. 
 
262 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 DAVID ROSS AND DR. GEORGE ROSS. 
 
 The grandfather, David Ross, was a Banker of Tain, Scotland. The father, 
 John Ross, was in the 78th Fraser Highlanders under Wolfe at the taking of 
 Quebec, 1759. His brother John was Prothonotary for years of the District of Quebec, 
 and his son, the Hon. David A. Ross, has long been connected in the Government of 
 the Province and Quebec Institutions. 
 
 One of the very few representatives now in Montreal of this family is the 
 well-known Physician and Professor, Dr. George Ross of McGill University. He 
 was the son of David Ross’ eldest son, Arthur. Mr. D. Ross was a prominent member 
 of the Montreal Bar, and Attorney-General in 1820. The writer many years ago had 
 the aid and Christian help of Mr. Arthur Ross, in visiting and helping him in his 
 ministrations and work as Chaplain to the Gaols, and he looks back with pleasure to 
 
 the days when Dr. Ross and many others of his present contemporaries were pupils 
 
 under his tuition in the High School of McGill College, and remembers the pleasure 
 experienced when Dr. Ross as a student became the Gold Medallist of the University 
 of McGill. His career as a medical man is well known in Montreal. He has been 
 connected with his Alma Mater for years as one of her Professors of Medicine, and 
 he is Vice-Dean of the Faculty of that Department. 
 
 HON. JUSTICE SMITH. 
 
 James Smith was a Canadian by birth, though a Scotchman by origin. He was bom 
 in the City of Montreal, and received his education in Scotland ; although previously 
 he had been placed with a gentleman (Rev. Mr. Doty) at Three Rivers. He re- 
 mained in Scotland for seven years, and returned to Montreal in 1823; and was 
 immediately articled as a latv student, first with Mr. B. Beaubien, with whom he 
 remained four years ; and secondly, with Mr. (afterwards the Honorable Justice) 
 Gale, with whom he completed his time. Mr. Smith was called to the Bar of Lower 
 Canada in 1830. He at once entered into partnership with an old and experienced 
 practitioner and a King’s Counsel, the late D. Fisher, Esq. 
 
 In November, 1844, he was elected for the County of Missisquoi, in the 
 Eastern Townships, after having on the 1st September previously gone into office in 
 the Viger-Draper Administration, as Attorney General, East. Party feeling ran 
 exceedingly high, and many offices in the Administration were unfilled, consequently 
 the others were the more arduous and onerous to hold, especially when the Ministry 
 had only a very small majority (about five or six) in the House. Nevertheless they 
 held together; and Mr. Smith continued to hold office until the 22nd April, 1847, 
 when he resigned, and was appointed a Judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench of 
 Lower Canada. Judge Smith will be best remembered in connection with the St« 
 Albans Raiders. He died some years ago. 
 
263 
 
 •GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 JOHN SLEEP HONEY. 
 
 He was born in Callington (Borough), County of Cornwall. His father was a 
 master-builder. At the age of thirteen John S. Honey entered the office of a dis- 
 tinguished lawyer, in his native Borough, as clerk, and continued in this employ- 
 ment for four years. In the month of July, 1832, the family emigrated to Canada. 
 Mr. John S. Honey was favored with a kind letter of introduction from Sir William 
 Pratts Call, Baronet, to Lord Aylmer, then Governor of Lower Canada. The family 
 were promptly conveyed from Quebec to Montreal by the Steamer “ John 61111.” In 
 December following his arrival Mr. Honey had the good fortune to be engaged by 
 the Joint Prothonotaries of the then Court of King’s Bench, Messrs. Monk & 
 Morrogh. He was first employed as Enquete Clerk, and at the end of the engage- 
 ment, which lasted about a week, he became Clerk in the Inferior term of the Court 
 of King’s Bench, whence, after some two weeks’ service, he was promoted to the 
 permanent staff of the Court of King’s Bench. In six months after his promotion 
 he was articled for five years as a law student in the office of the Prothonotaries, 
 who were both lawyers, and at the end of this term was duly admitted to the Bar. 
 but as his services in the Department were considered valuable by the Prothonotaries, 
 and his salary having been handsomely augmented, he declined to enter upon the 
 practice of the profession. In the course of four years Mr. Honey’s administrative 
 capacity effected many important changes in the office, which continue in operation 
 to the present period. 
 
 In 1850, the fees of the Court in Lower Canada were ordered by law to be 
 funded. About the same period took place, under another enactment, further decen- 
 tralization of the administration of justice, which, by establishing several Courts in 
 new localities, so reduced the fees in all the old Districts that the Government was 
 obliged to pay from the general revenue a large amount annually to meet deficien- 
 cies. 
 
 In order to remedy this defect in the working of these several Courts, Mr. 
 Honey submitted to the Government, in the year i860, a readjustment of the 
 Montreal Tariff of Fees of the Superior Court, which was adopted in March, 1861, 
 and extended uniformly to all the Districts. As a result of this change, instead of a 
 deficiency there has been always an annual surplus. 
 
 In the year 1862, Mr. Honey rendered important services to the legal profession 
 by the publication of a Table of Fees and Disbursements payable to Attorneys and 
 Officers of the Courts in suits at law ; also, Rules of Practice of the Court of Queen’s 
 Bench ; and Tariffs of Fees for Registrars, Advocates and Officers of the Courts, 
 including schedules of taxes upon Proceedings in Courts of Civil and Criminal 
 Jurisdiction in Lower Canada. 
 
 In the year 1844, upon the death of Mr. Morrogh, Mr. Honey was appointed 
 Deputy Prothonotary of the Superior and Circuit Courts, and so continued till the 
 year 1865, when upon the demise of Mr. Monk he received the appointment of Joint 
 
 ( 
 
264 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Prothonotary with Messrs. Coffin & Papineau. In the following year Mr. Coffin 
 died, and was succeeded by Mr. Hubert, the firm then becoming Hubert, Papineau 
 & Honey. Mr. Papineau retired, Mr. Hubert died, and Mr. Honey continued sole 
 Prothonotary to his death. 
 
 SIR JOHN COPE SHERBROOKE, G.C.B. 
 
 “ General Sherbrooke, who succeeded General Sir Gordon Drummond in the 
 government of Canada, in 1816, was a military commander of some repute, and had 
 seen some service. He was the youngest brother of VV. Sherbrooke, Esq., of Oxton, 
 and of Colonel Cope, of Sherwood Lodge, Notts. He distinguished himself in the 
 taking of Seringapatam, in the East Indies, in 1797. He afterwards served on the 
 Peninsula in the early campaign of the Duke of Wellington. Previously to his con- 
 nection with Canada he administered the Government of Nova Scotia, as history 
 tells us, “ with much tact and dexterity.” 
 
 He assumed the reins of government at a most critical period of the country, 
 — namely, that in which the farmers of Lower Canada suffered the total loss of their 
 wheat crop. The wise and prudent course adopted by Sir John in this instance 
 secured for him the love and esteem of all. He took the responsibility of advancing 
 to the relief of the farmers the sum of ^14,216 to secure them from destitution, and 
 to assist them in laying down another crop. On the meeting of Parliament, it not 
 only released him from the responsibility which he had taken on himself, but voted an 
 additional sum of ,£35,500 for the same purpose, and to loan to industrious and 
 deserving farmers. 
 
 He took a bold and determined stand in the matter of Judges Sewell and Monk; 
 and, when advised by the Home Government to support those gentlemen, plainly 
 advised that it would be hopeless, and strongly advised the impeachment to be tried 
 before the Privy Council. To his resolute, manly and open conduct in this instance 
 must be ascribed the result. 
 
 During his administration, he also effected the entrance of the Speaker of the 
 Assembly ex-officio to a seat in the Executive Council ; and the concurrence of the 
 Imperial Government was announced, that it accepted the Canadian Government’s 
 offer to defray the expenses of the Civil List. 
 
 Sir John governed the Province from 1816 to 1818; and on account of ill-health? 
 but principally from dislike of the station, he requested his recall. Accordingly he 
 left the country on the 12th of August, carrying with him the best wishes and regards 
 of the majority of the people of Lower Canada. Prior to his departure numerous 
 addresses were presented to him from different sections of the country, all breathing 
 alike the warmest sentiments of goodwill and prayers for his future welfare. 
 
 He returned home, but did not leave the military service, as, in May, 1825, 
 he was raised to the high rank of General. His death occurred on the 14th 
 February, 1830, at Claverton, Nottinghamshire.” 
 

GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 265 
 
 ROBERT UNWIN HARWOOD 
 
 “ Eustache G. M. de Lotbiniere was the last male representative of the ancient 
 louse of Lotbiniere, having inherited from his father the Seigniories of Vaudreuil 
 Rigaud and Lotbiniere, with the title of Marquis. In i 793 , he was made Speaker of 
 the House of Assembly, succeeding Mr. Panel. To him is justly due that all political, 
 civil, military or criminal affairs are transacted in either or both the English and 
 Trench languages. At the close of his great speech on this question, he thus said : 
 Nous demandons que l’une et l’autre soient permises; que nos proc£s-verbaux 
 soient ecrits dans les deux langues.” 
 
 He died in r82i at Vaudreuil, and was buried in the Parish Church there He 
 had been twice married-first to Mile, de Tonnancour, who died leaving no children. 
 Afterwards he married Mile. Munro, who bore him three daughters. The Marchioness 
 died in 1834, and was buried beside her husband. The Lotbiniere family is now repre- 
 sented alone by his three daughters. Marie L. J. de Lotbiniere married, in *823, Robert 
 Unwin Harwood, an English merchant and a member of the Legislative Council 
 The Harwood family was one of the first families in Sheffield, England. In 1822, he 
 came to Canada to found a branch of the Sheffield business, and fixed on Montreal 
 as the locality. Alter his marriage, having plenty of money and the beautiful Seigniory 
 of Vaudreuil, which his wife had brought him as her dowry, he retired from business 
 and resided at the Manor House of Vaudreuil, giving up all his spare time to agri- 
 culture. He was named Legislative Councillor in 1832, and in 1838 a member of 
 the Special Council. After having represented the County of Vaudreuil and Clark 
 from 1858 to i860, he was elected to represent the Division of Rigaud, which he held 
 to his death in 1863 . He had ten children. Antoine C. de L. Harwood, the eldest, 
 was born in Montreal, 23rd April, 1825. After finishing his studies in the College of 
 Montreal, and being called to the Bar in 1848, he became Member of the Provincial 
 Parliament for the County of Vaudreuil for seven years, from 1863101870. He 
 married on February 4th, 1851, Mile. Margaret Angelique Lefebvre de Bellefeuille, 
 the daughter of the Colonel of that name. His military career dates from January, 
 1869. Since then he was one of the most esteemed officers of the Militia, and 
 an ornament and example to the service. The most notable speech which the gallant 
 Colonel ever made was at the dedication and unveiling of the monument to DeSala- 
 berry, at Chambly. All were charmed by the dignity, brilliancy and fluency which 
 he then displayed. He had a magnificent voice, and thus often delighted those who 
 had the pleasure of meeting him in social circles. He died in Montreal 6th August, 
 I89I. 
 
 'I he other sons are Robert Unwin Harwood, second son, who was Prefet du 
 Comte de Vaudreuil and highly esteemed. He was born in Montreal, 27th October, 
 1826, and educated at St. Sulpice College ; has been a Member of Parliament. Wm. 
 Bingham Harwood, merchant, of Montreal. Alain C. Harwood, who resides at 
 Vaudreuil. Henri Stans. Harwood, Civil Engineer and Provincial Surveyor, who 
 resides also at Vaudreuil, and Chas. L. Harwood. 
 
266 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Of the four daughters, three were married. The first, Marie Louise, married 
 de Bellefeuille McDonald, of Montreal. Marie Antoinette married Mr. Taschereau, 
 Advocate, of Quebec, and who is now Judge of the Superior Court. Marie Henriette 
 married Lieutenant-Colonel Panet, Advocate. 
 
 Another daughter, the second of . the House of Lotbiniere, married in 1821, as 
 Seignioress of Rigaud, Mr. Wm. Bingham, a millionaire of Philadelphia, U.S.A. 
 He was the son of an American Senator. His daughter was married to the 
 celebrated Lord Ashburton, whom we Canadians have to thank that we were deprived 
 of the territory of the State of Maine in the Ashburton Treaty between Canada and 
 the United States in settling the Boundary Line, when he foolishly gave over that 
 large tract of pinewood territory to the United States, and thus enabled them, as 
 they do, to run within a few miles of Quebec. 
 
 By the marriage of this second daughter to Wm. Bingham’s son there were bom 
 five children, two sons and three daughters. One of the daughters married Count 
 Olivier Brian de Bois-Guilbert, a descendant of the famous Templar, who is spoken 
 of in the beautiful tale of “ Ivanhoe,” by Sir Walter Scott. All the family reside in 
 France. 
 
 The third daughter, Mile. Julia de Lotbiniere, married in 1830 M. Gustave 
 Joly, and gave him the Seigniory of Lotbiniere as dowry. They had three children. 
 The Honorable and well-known Gustave Joly is their son, whose career needs no 
 pen of mine to describe, as his past deeds show him to be “ un chevalier sans peur 
 et sans reproche.” Amelie married Mr. Savage, an English officer. Edmund was 
 also in the English army, and was slain at the siege of Lucknow, in the Indian 
 revolt. 
 
 The two portraits in this sketch are those of Colonel Harw'ood, whose death 
 is above recorded, and Henri Stans. Harwood, M.P.P. for Vaudreuil. His son is a 
 Doctor in Montreal. He studied at Bourget College, Rigaud, and was admitted to 
 practice as a physician and surgeon in 1890. He married Miss Marie Masson, niece 
 of the ex-Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, and is now in the present Cabinet ot the 
 Province without portfolio, and whose sketch is given elsewhere in this Gazetteer. 
 
 This family represents in its branches many of the best French families in the 
 country, including a mixture both of English and American. 
 
 HON. JOSEPH MASSON. 
 
 The subject of this sketch W3S born in St. Eustache, 1791. After receiving his 
 education there and remaining for a short time in St. Eustache, Mr. Masson came to 
 Montreal, and in 1814 entered into partnership with W. & H. Robertson, of Glas- 
 gow, Scotland, under the title of Robertson, Masson & Co. in Montreal, and W. & 
 H. Robertson in Glasgow. 
 
 This partnership continued until 1820, and on the death of Mr. W. Robertson 
 Mr. Masson entered into partnership with F. .A. Larocque and Struther Strang. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 267 
 
 They opened a new house in Quebec under the name of Masson, Larocque, Strang 
 & Co., which continued until 1832, when the two latter gentlemen retired from the 
 firm, when it was continued by H. Robertson, the Honorable Joseph Masson, John 
 Strang and Charles Langevin. This firm continued to 1846, when the firm in Mon- 
 treal was styled Joseph Masson, Sons & Co. ; in Quebec, Masson 5 , Langevin & Co.; 
 in Glasgow, Masson, Sons & Co., which continued till the death of the founder of 
 the firm, Honorable Joseph Masson, in 1847. After his death Wilfred A. R. Masson 
 formed a partnership with J. B. Bruyere and Henry Hannay. Hon. J. Masson 
 married, April, 1818, Sophie Raymond, daughter of J. B. Raymond of Laprairie, who 
 will be ever remembered by her munificent and generous gift to the education of the 
 country, in the building and endowing Masson College, Terrebonne, one of the 
 finest educational establishments in Lower Canada. 
 
 The honorable gentleman died on the 15th May, 1847, and was buried in the 
 Church of Terrebonne. 
 
 HON. LOUIS FRANCOIS RODRIQUE MASSON 
 
 Was born at Terrebonne in 1833, and was educated at the Jesuit College, George- 
 town, and at Worcester, U.S., and completed his classical studies at St. Hyacinthe. 
 He studied Law, and was called to the Bar of Lower Canada in 1859. He first entered 
 public life in 1867, representing his native county in the Commons of Canada from 
 that time up to 1882, when he was called to the Senate. He was sworn of the Privy 
 Council as Minister of Militia and Defence in 1878, but resigned in 1880 and ac- 
 cepted the portfolio of President of the Council, which office he was forced to give 
 up through severe ill health to the regret of the whole country. His record as Minister 
 of Militia stands much to his credit as a soldier and administrator. He knew the 
 wants of the service, having served himself as a volunteer since 1862. In the Militia 
 he has held the positions of Brigade Major, 8th Military District, from 1863 to 1868, 
 and served on the frontier during the first Fenian raid, March, 1866, and was also on 
 active service during the second raid the same year. He was promoted Lieutenant- 
 Colonel, 1867. On the resignation of the late Hon. Mr. Mousseau, Premier of 
 Quebec, he was called upon to form an administration, but was compelled to decline 
 owing to his continued ill-health. He was next appointed Lieutenant-Governor of 
 Quebec in 1884, and held this office up to 1887, when his health again forced him 
 to resign. After his temporary retirement from political life he studied Literature and 
 published an Historical Sketch of the Old North-West Company,” which comprised 
 many unpublished records, letters, etc., relating to the early history of the North- 
 West Territories. He was reappointed to the Senate in 1890. He has been twice 
 married : first, in 1856, to Louisa Rachel, eldest daughter of the late Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Alexander Mackenzie, who died in 1880 ; and second, in 1883, to Cecile, daughter of 
 John H. Burroughs, of Quebec. He has been Mayor of Terrebonne, and has always 
 been a staunch Conservative. He has again entered political life, having been 
 appointed one of the present Cabinet at Quebec without portfolio. 
 
u 
 
 268 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL, 
 
 WOLFRED NELSON, M.D. 
 
 This well-known gentleman was born in Montreal on the 10th July, 1792. His father 
 was William Nelson, son of a victualling officer in the Royal Navy, as the Com- 
 missariat of that department was then termed. His mother was a daughter of 
 Mr. G. Dies, of Hudson River, State of New York. Being an enthusiastic loyalist, 
 he lost all he possessed, and took refuge in Canada, where he terminated a long and 
 respected life. 
 
 At the early age of less than fourteen years Wolfred Nelson was apprenticed to 
 Dr. Carter, of the army medical staff, at Sorel, December. 1805. There being few 
 medical men in Canada at that period, he was soon forced into practice, and had the 
 drudgery of a small military hospital confided to him. In January, 1811, he was 
 duly licensed, and established himself at St. Denis, on the Richelieu river, and soon 
 enjoyed a flourishing practice. 
 
 When the war was declared in 1812, he volunteered his services, requesting at 
 the same time to be the right hand man of his regiment of militia ; he was, however, 
 forced to take the Surgeoncy, as medical men were “ few and far between.” 
 
 In 1827 he was solicited to contest the representation of the “Royal Borough 
 of William Henry,” against Mr. James Stuart, the Attorney-General ; and although 
 great influence was used against him, he was elected by a majority of two, after 
 seven days of the hardest election contest ever experienced in Canada. The Attor- 
 ney-General instituted actions of so harassing a nature, that the House of Assembly 
 was petitioned ; this resulted in Mr. Stuart’s suspension from office. But he assumed 
 such a fierce and determined attitude towards the then Governor, Lord Aylmer, that 
 it led to his being deprived of his high office. 
 
 The part that the Doctor took in the troubles of ’37 are sufficiently well known 
 not to be here reproduced, suffice it to say that two thousand dollars had been 
 offered for his arrest. He was conveyed to Montreal, and confined for seven months in 
 the gaol. At the end of that time, having previously received his sentence, which was 
 banishment for life, he was, with other persons connected with the rebellion, taken 
 to Quebec, and placed on board one of Her Majesty’s vessels, in order to be taken 
 to the West Indies. When in the West Indies, the exiles received the proceedings 
 which had taken place in the House of Lords declaring their transportation illegal ; 
 they were allowed to depart, and reached the United States, 1st November, 1838. 
 In the United States the Doctor remained until August, 1842, when he returned to 
 his native city, with a wife and large family, to begin the world anew, having lost all 
 his fine property by fire. He had deeply atoned for the past ; and, by his services 
 in preserving human life during the time when fever and cholera were raging, and 
 when grim death was stalking and carrying off numberless victims, he endeared him- 
 self to a great many, and became entitled to the grateful remembrance of the people 
 of the country. In 1845, ^ r * Nelson was triumphantly elected for the County of 
 Richelieu, in opposition to the great Hon. D. B. Viger. He represented that county 
 for two parliaments, and was a member of the House when the celebrated Rebellion 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 a > 
 
 Losses Bill was discussed and passed. When the hard names of traitor and rebel 
 were hurled against him, the old man rose in his place, and in a determined manner, 
 c aimed to be heard : “ Those who call me and my friends rebels,” said he “ I tell 
 t lent they he m their throats ; and here and everywhere else, I hold myself respon- 
 sible for the assert, on. But, Mr. Speaker, to love my country quite as much as 
 myself, if to be ardently attached to the British Crown and our glorious Sovereign, is 
 to be guilty of high-treason, then I am a rebel indeed. But I tell those gentlemen to 
 their teeth, that it is they, and such as they, who cause revolutions, who pull down 
 thrones, trample crowns into the dust, and annihilate dynasties. It is their vile acts 
 that madden people, and drive them to desperation. As for my own great losses 
 wantonly inflicted as they were, I cheerfully make no claim for them ; but I call on 
 you to pay those whose property you destroyed in my hands ; and I am happy, for I 
 feel that with the protection of an Almighty Providence, I may yet honorably, by my 
 own exertions, acquit my dues, advanced as I am in years. But there are hundreds 
 of others with less encouraging prospects before them, whose only crime was, repos- 
 ing confidence in the man they loved and trusted; pay these unhappy men, I ask 
 no more.” 
 
 Doctor Nelson refused re-election, and devoted himself with his wqnted energy 
 to his profession, in the line of which the inspection of prisons clearly ran. He was 
 made Inspector of Prisons m 1851, and so continued until December, 1859, when 
 he was appointed Chairman of the Board of Prison Inspectors for the two Provinces. 
 
 He was also a Justice of the Peace and Commissioner for the trial of small causes 
 
 offices which he threw up in 1837. He was repeatedly elected Vice-President and Pres- 
 ident of the Medical Board and College of Surgeons. He was appointed Chairman 
 of a Board of Commissioners during the prevalence of the emigrant fever in 1847, on 
 which occasion he rendered great service in preventing the spreading of that dreadful 
 disease ; as also Chairman of the Board of Health during the time that the cholera 
 raged in the country. He was also twice elected Mayor of the City of Montreal. 
 His reports on prisons, etc., are well written, and contain much valuable informa- 
 tion. He died full of years and honors, and the name of Dr. Wolfred Nelson will 
 ever, like that of Papineau, be held in veneration by those who now enjoy that liberty 
 and freedom for which they fought in 1837 and 1838. 
 
 JOHN SMITH 
 
 Was a native of Athelstanford, Haddingtonshire, Scotland. He came to Canada 
 when quite a youth. He became a successful dry goods merchant, and retired from 
 active business in 1844, and built a fine house for himself in Alexander street, then 
 one of the fashionable streets of Montreal. He was one of the original members of 
 St. Andrew’s Society. He was one of the nine commissioners for the management 
 of the Clergy Reserves, and died on and March, 1872. His wife survived him six 
 years, dying 1 8th May, 1878. One daughter afterwards became Lady Allan, being 
 the wife of Sir Hugh, of Ravenscrag; another the wife of his brother, Andrew; a 
 third the wife of J. G. Bellhouse ; and the fourth the wife of Hartland M. Mac- 
 dougall. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 ALEXANDER SCLATER. 
 
 270 . 
 
 For many years one of the most prominent figures in Montreal, and especially 
 wherever that portion of the business community interested in shipping “most do 
 congregate,” was the imposing form of Alexander Sclater, the late Port Warden. 
 
 Born at Saltcoats, Ayreshire, Scotland, on the 13th March, 1819, he followed a sea- 
 faring life, and when grown to manhood commanded a merchantman, visiting during 
 
 this time every portion of the globe. , „ . . 
 
 He happened to be in Africa with his vessel when the Kaffir war broke out, 
 
 narrowly escaping being murdered by the natives. He carried to his grave the 
 mark of an assegai which was thrown at him by one of the Kaffirs who attacked him, 
 which he grasped, receiving a severe wound in the palm, but saving his own life by 
 
 his quickness and presence of mind. . 
 
 In the course of his career he saved from drowning several people, and for his 
 various noble and humane acts of heroism was presented by the Royal Humane 
 Society of London with a gold watch and several gold medals suitably inscribed. 
 He came to Montreal to settle in 1858, and was appointed Port Warden in 1863, 
 
 holding the office till his sudden death on May 4, 1876. _ 
 
 He was accorded a public funeral, the various places of business being closed, 
 the fla^s being at half mast on all the shipping and the public buildings. Work was 
 suspended, and all the public bodies in the city, including all the laborers in the 
 Harbor attended to show their respect for his many sterling qualities. 
 
 Captain Sclater married a daughter of the late Dr. James Grant, of Martintown, 
 County of Glengarry, Upper Canada, a sister of Sir James Grant, M.D., of Ottawa 
 by whom he had ten children, seven daughters and three sons, nine of whom survived 
 him. William and James, of the firm of Wm. Sclater & Co., are 111 business in this 
 city as asbestos miners and manufacturers, and are widely and favorably known, 
 their business having been established in r8 7 6. Alexander is also engaged in com- 
 mercial pursuits in the City of Montreal. 
 
 CHARLES GLACKMEYER 
 
 Was born in Montreal on the 22nd June, 1820. He followed a complete course of 
 studies at the Montreal College under the auspices of the Gentlemen of the Seminary 
 of St. Sulpice. He studied Law under the late Messrs. Peltier & Bourret,and was 
 admitted to the Bar on the 10th October, 1843. Two years after, in 1845, he entere 
 the Corporation as Assistant City Clerk of Montreal, and on the 15th April, 1839, 
 was appointed City Clerk— an office which he has continued to hold to the presen 
 day with perfect satisfaction to the various Mayors and Councils which have >een 
 
 since then. . . 
 
 Mr. Glackmeyer has rendered important service to the City on many occasi , 
 aud his services could ill be spared to the Corporation of Montreal. He is, in is 
 official capacity, the right man in the right place. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 2 7 I 
 
 ALBANI— EMMA LAJEUNESSE. 
 
 This distinguished songstress, a credit to Canada in general, and Montreal in parti- 
 cular, was born near Chambly some thirty-five or thirty-six years ago. Losing her 
 mother when quite a child, she and her sisters were sent to the Convent of the 
 Sacred Heart to be educated. Her proficiency on the organ was such that in a few 
 years we find her in Albany, New York, directing the music and officiating as organ- 
 ist in St. Joseph’s Church and giving lessons in vocal music. The Roman Catholic 
 Bishop seeing ihat she had extraordinary talents sent her to Europe. Finally she 
 came to Milan, and became a pupil of the celebrated Lamperti. After studying some 
 time with him it became necessary to make a choice of a stage name, and she chose 
 Albani, from the city of her first love — the place that recalled home and tender mem- 
 ories, Albany in the State of New York. After singing in Malta she first attracted 
 the attention of Col. Mapleson. Having heard her, he at once offered her an engage- 
 ment in London, England. She accepted and made her d£but at Covent Garden 
 Theatre, under the direction of Mr. Gye. There she won a magnificent triumph, and 
 ever since it has been one triumphal career. The effect of all this was, that most 
 costly presents poured in upon her. In Berlin the Empress gave her a pair of valu- 
 able porcelain vases from the Royal Pottery; but better still, she was dubbed then 
 “ Hof Rammer Sangerin,” a “ Royal Chamber Singer.” by the Emperor himself. In 
 1879, she was presented by the Czar of all the Russias at St. Petersburg with a 
 magnificent set of diamond studded jewels. At the wedding of the Grand Duke 
 Michael she sang and shared in the festivities. In Brussels, with the characteristic 
 generosity which distinguishes her, she arranged a concert for the sufferers by the 
 inundations and was presented with a beautiful wreath of silver. Her social positio n 
 is an enviable one, and is acknowledged throughout the world. The Queen of Eng- 
 land, in acknowledgment of her worth as a woman and greatness as an artist, has 
 received Madame Albani at lunch, a tribute which has never yet been paid to any 
 other artist. Her progress has been one continued triumph. She married Mr. 
 Gye as a matter of course, he who had introduced her to future fame and name. 
 The Queen is fond of Albani, who now possesses a fine property a few miles from 
 Balmoral Castle, Scotland. 
 
 With the two following notices we close her past career, and hope that she 
 may yet for years appear before the public as one of the most talented ( Canadians 
 that the world ever saw : — 
 
 “ In addition to Madame Albani having been commanded to sing at Windsor 
 Castle, before the Queen, it may be mentioned as an instance of the kindness of 
 Her Gracious Majesty to her, that when Albani was singing in Berlin last winter, 
 1890, the Queen telegraphed from the Isle of Wight to the Crown-Princess of 
 Prussia, specially recommending Madame Albani to her care, and asking the Prin- 
 cess to do all in her power to help her.” 
 
 Col. De Winton tells the following : “ During the visit of the Prince of Wales 
 to this country, in i860, in visiting the Convent of the Sacred Heart, the Lady Su- 
 perior introduced a child of seven years old as Mile. Lajeunesse, who would sing 
 for H.R.IL, when with marvellous sweetness and power, that astonished the whole 
 company, the future Albani sang, ‘ God Bless the Prince of Wales.’ ” 
 
272 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 LOUiS EDWARD HUBERT. 
 
 Nearly two hundred and forty-four years ago, in the year 1648, the year in which 
 King Charles I. of England was beheaded by his rebellious subjects, there lived in 
 the City of Paris, in the Parish of Saint Genevieve des Ardents, in the Archbishopric 
 of that city, Ren6 Hubert, an honorable man and of good position. He held the 
 high appointment of Apostolic Notary and Registrar of the Officially of Paris (one 
 of the most remarkable and highest of all the Parisian Courts of Law). His wi e was 
 Anne Horry, a daughter of Nicholas Horry, who, when living, was also Apostolic 
 Notary of the Parish of St. Nicholas du Chardonnel of Paris. 
 
 This couple had a son who figured in the early history of Quebec, of the same 
 name as his father, Rene Hubert. When living, he held the responsible position of 
 Registrar of the Provost Marshal of Quebec, receiving his commission directly from 
 King Louis XIV. of France, and dated 20th April, 1700. He was also the Clerk of 
 Conseil Superieur, of Quebec, by commission, from April 13th, 1703, until his death 
 1st September, 1725. All the papers, edicts, and ordinances of that court from 14th 
 June, 1703, to 1st November, 1705, were signed by him. 
 
 His son was Pierre Hubert, who left Quebec to reside in Montreal. He married 
 Dame Marie Joseph Chartier de Beauce. He was a “Vonstructeur de vaisseaux,’ 
 or ship builder, doing a large business and making latterly a good competency. The 
 subject of this sketch, Louis Edward Hubert, his son, was born in Montreal, on the 
 1 6th February, 1766, just seven years after the cession of Canada to Britain, and the 
 same year in which the old Pretender to the British throne died neglected at Rome. 
 After passing with icldt all his studies in the Colleges of Montreal and Quebec he 
 married, on the 22nd November, 1796, Demoiselle Marie Cecil Cartier, only daughter 
 of Jacques Cartier, merchant of the Parish of St. Antoine, River Richelieu, and aunt 
 
 of the late Sir George E. Cartier, Baronet. 
 
 He represented the County of Richelieu in the Parliament of Lower Canada from 
 the year 1801 to 1805, and when the War of 1812 broke out between Great Britain 
 and the United States, he was named Captain Quartermaster of the Militia of St. 
 
 Deni s . . . . 
 
 It was in 1813 that the combined movement of the American armies took place, 
 
 their intention being to invade Canada at different points. One army of this move 
 ment was to march from the States by way of Champlain Lake and invade Monti ea . 
 The inhabitants of Montreal District then showed their loyalty and bravery, and tiey 
 offered themselves voluntarily to serve against the invaders. 
 
 The subject of this sketch holding an appointment in the Militia, with many others, 
 responded immediately to the appeal made by the Governor, and the Camp at apiairie 
 was formed, among whose citizen soldiery were Joseph Cartier of St. Antoine, ^01. 
 Bourdages of St. Denis, and J. J. Girouard, notary, of St. Benoit, and an old memDcr 
 of the Provincial Parliament of Lower Canada. 
 
 Mr. Hubert died at St. Denis in 1843* at the advanced age of seventy-seven. 
 He left several children, the only one surviving being Pierre David Hubert, Doctor 0 
 Medicine. Rene Auguste Richard Hubert, late the Prothonotary of the Superio 
 Court of the City and District of Montreal, his other son, died some years ago. 
 
u 
 
 GEORGE HAGT’E. 
 
 r. 
 
273 
 
 I 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 GEORGE HAGUE. 
 
 Mr. Hague, the well-known General Manager of the Merchants' Bank of Canada, 
 is a native of Rotherham, a manufacturing town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 
 England (a short distance from Sheffield). He is of an old family who have been 
 residents of the same locality for many generations, an ancestor having held a farm 
 in the neighborhood from the Earl of Strafford, of Charles the First’s time, by the 
 curious old tenure of a peppercorn a year. 
 
 At an early age he displayed a remarkable faculty for calculation, and carried off 
 the prize in mental arithmetic against the whole of a large boarding school when only 
 eleven years old. In subsequent years at school he was distinguished for industry 
 and application, and became proficient in every branch of an ordinary English 
 education. 
 
 Leaving school, he pursued for years, in leisure hours, a course of private study 
 in Mathematics, Logic and Languages, forming thus those habits of application, 
 concentration and accuracy of thought which have been of signal service in subse- 
 quent stages of his career. 
 
 His arithmetical proficiency naturally led to the choice of Banking as a profes- 
 sion, and in 1840 he was placed as a junior in the office of the Sheffield Banking Co., 
 which was then, and has ever since continued to be, one of the most ably managed 
 banks in the North of England. To the thorough training received in this institution, 
 Mr. Hague has always attributed much of his success as a banker in Canada. 
 
 After a service extending over eleven years in this bank, he made an engage- 
 ment with a firm of railway contractors who had large enterprises on hand in 
 Canada, and was sent out by them in the first place to New Brunswick to make an 
 audit of their business, and afterwards to Montreal to take charge of their office. 
 Here he remained until the death, in the year 1854, of the senior partner of the firm 
 by shipwreck. This untoward event, taking place at the time of the outbreak of the 
 Crimean War, compelled a suspension and final abandonment of the extensive 
 operations in which the firm was engaged. During these years Mr. Hague obtained 
 an experience of business and commercial life which rarely falls to a banker’s lot. 
 The contracts undertaken by this firm anticipated by some twenty-five years the lines 
 of railway through the Ottawa Valley and along the North and South shores of the 
 St. Lawrence, which have now become incorporated in the Canadian Pacific system. 
 
 After the winding up of the affairs of this firm, Mr. Hague decided to return to 
 banking as a profession, and took service as Accountant with the Bank of Toronto. 
 This was in 1856. To the small beginnings of this now prosperous Institution, Mr. 
 Hague has referred in a lecture on “ Canadian Banking ” published some years ago. 
 
 After several years’ experience in the Head Office of the Bank, he was placed 
 in charge of one of the Branches in which a too enterprising style of management 
 had resulted in a mass of undesirable business. The process of weeding and 
 trimming was a most laborious one, but during its progress invaluable lessons were 
 
 
274 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 learned as to the country business of a Canadian Bank, and especially of that which 
 is doubtful and dangerous. The experience gained was a preparation for the same 
 kind of work on a far larger scale which it fell to his lot to accomplish nearly twenty 
 years afterwards. 
 
 His services in this Branch were recognised by a transfer to the Head Office. 
 Translated to a higher sphere, and having an able Board of Directors around him, 
 Mr. Hague developed and extended the business of the Bank on the sound principles 
 which he had learned in England. He instituted a methodical system of loaning and 
 discounting, of the government of branches, of inspection, and of supervision, which 
 resulted in time in placing the Bank in the first rank of sound institutions in the 
 Dominion. 
 
 It was during his incumbency of office in the Bank of Toronto that the 
 Dominion Government made a strenuous effort to introduce the American system of 
 currency into Canada. Mr. Hague was among the first to apprehend the dangerous 
 consequences to the mercantile community and to the Banks of this measure, and 
 took the lead in a persistent opposition to it. The difficulties were great, for the 
 Government had a strong majority at its back, and at one time it seemed as if all hope 
 of successful opposition would have to be abandoned. He displayed in those 
 difficult circumstances an undaunted spirit, and succeeded in rallying the scattered 
 forces of those who were with him in sentiment, and finally, by their assistance, in 
 winning over so many influential members of both Houses of Parliament that the 
 Government considered it prudent to withdraw the measure. 
 
 After the advent of Sir Francis Hincks to office as Finance Minister, various 
 conferences of bankers were held with him, in all which Mr. Hague took part, the 
 result being the preservation in all its essential features of a system of Bank 
 circulation which has been of inestimable service in the growth and development of 
 the country, and which is looked upon as a desirable model by eminent financiers in 
 the United States. 
 
 During the whole progress of this agitation, which continued for several years, 
 and necessitated constant visits to the seat of Government, close watch was kept 
 upon the business of the Bank, which continued to grow and prosper until it had 
 reached that happy goal of all Bankers of that time, when the “ Reserve Fund ” was 
 equal to one-half of the Capital. 
 
 During these years Mr. Hague had been actively engaged in hours of leisure, 
 and as opportunity offered, in the service of the Christian Church, and took part in 
 various religious and philanthropic enterprises in Toronto. Some of these, which 
 are now important and flourishing institutions, owe much of their development to his 
 assiduous care, and this at a time when the full weight of Banking responsibilities 
 was upon him. 
 
 So much, indeed, was his heart in such enterprises, that he concluded it to be his 
 duty to relinquish his position in the Bank in order to devote to them his whole 
 time and the remaining energies of his life. This resolution was carried out. On 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 275 
 
 the 31st December, 1876, he severed his connection with the Bank of Toronto, 
 and with the business world generally, and entered upon the service of the Christian 
 Church as a layman. 
 
 In less than two months, however, events transpired which led to a return to his 
 old sphere, and to the entrance upon responsibilities even larger than any that had 
 hitherto fallen to his lot. The times were difficult, for several years of depres- 
 sion had already passed over Canada, and every interest had felt the effect of it # 
 Insolvencies had been multiplying at an alarming rate, and the whole commercial 
 and financial atmosphere was clouded. The full effect of this state of things fell with 
 great weight upon the Merchants’ Bank of Canada, an Institution which was doing 
 an immense business in all parts of Canada, and also carrying on extensive oper- 
 ations in New York and London, Eng. It became known that the Bank was suffer- 
 ing severe losses, and its stock fell steadily downwards. Efforts to stem the tide 
 proved unavailable, and at length meetings of stockholders were called to discuss 
 the position. These resulted in a call for a change of management. Thereupon 
 the President, Sir Hugh Allan, and the General-Manager, Mr. Jackson Rae, both 
 resigned their positions. The Hon. John Hamilton was immediately elected President, 
 and Mr. John McLennan, Vice-President. These, changes, however, did not prevent a 
 drain of deposits from going on, and the Bank was rapidly drifting to the point when 
 a stoppage would have been inevitable. It was under these circumstances that an 
 appeal was made to Mr. Hague to assume the general management of the Bank. The 
 crisis was urgent. There was little time for consideration, and after such an exam- 
 ination of the Bank’s position as could be had, with assurances of support from 
 other banks and of active co-operation from the Board of Directors, he assumed 
 charge of the Institution about the latter end of February, 1877, removing to 
 Montreal for the purpose. It was said at the time by one of the daily journals that it 
 would be a tremendous task to wade through the masses of securities and bills possessed 
 by the Bank, together with the diversified assets of many insolvent estates with which 
 it was encumbered, but that the work must be done before the Bank could be 
 put upon a proper foundation. The Board lent a zealous co-operation to the task. 
 
 The staff of the Bank worked vigorously in the same direction. The whole 
 internal economy of the Bank was overhauled and strengthened. Unprofitable 
 Branches were closed. Large operations in which the Bank had engaged, in 
 connection with the first Quebec Provincial Loan, and also with the gold market of 
 New York, were brought to a termination ; while zealous care was exercised 
 in preserving such business as was sound and valuable. The task of reforma- 
 tion and reconstruction proved, however, to be a far heavier one than any person had 
 anticipated. Insolvent estates amounting in the aggregate to many millions had to 
 be dealt with in the way of settlement, and before the Annual Meeting, in July, it 
 became apparent that a heavy reduction of capital would be required in order to 
 place the Bank upon a solid foundation. The necessary authority for this was 
 granted by Parliament during the ensuing session, but many years of toil and labor 
 
u 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 elapsed before the Bank was in a position which justified the Board in looking upon 
 it with satisfaction. During the whole of this period an amount of labor became 
 necessary far beyond what is customary amongst Bankers, constantly protracted to 
 late hours of the night, and which would have proved exhausting but for those habits 
 of persevering application of which the foundation had been laid by Mr. Hague many 
 years before. There is also another word to be said. Those who know the subject of 
 this memoir are aware that he is not given to obtruding religious matters in conver- 
 sation But they know well that he has stated repeatedly that but for strength from 
 a Higher than any human source he must have been utterly broken down by the 
 experience passed through during these adverse years. • 
 
 The clouds, however, broke at length. In 1881, a marked improvement in trade 
 took place, and the country began to recover prosperity. The credit of the Bank 
 was thoroughly re-established, and Mr. Hague stated at an annual meeting of stock 
 holders that, notwithstanding the severe process of pruning and weeding that had 
 been necessary, the Bank had retained all the valuable business that had formerly 
 belonged to it. The history of the Bank for the last ten years has been one of steady 
 growth and increasing prosperity. 
 
 During the period of Mr. Hague’s incumbency of the general management the 
 whole subject of Banking has been twice brought before Parliament in connection 
 with the renewal of the Bank charters. On the first occasion, in 1880, the question 
 again arose of assimilating the circulation of Canadian Banks to that of the Unite 
 States. The Finance Minister of the time favored this idea, but on the strong 
 representations made by a majority of Bankers the project was again abandoned. 
 It fell to Mr. Hague’s lot, at the request of the Bankers convened in Ottawa, to 
 present to the Finance Minister their views on this question. 
 
 In 1890, it became known that the Government were proposing considerable modi- 
 fications in the Banking Law, and Mr. Hague took the initiative in calling a con- 
 ference of the Bankers of the Dominion to consider the changes proposed. In the 
 discussion that followed he naturally took part, and also in the interviews that were 
 had with the Finance Minister and the Privy Council on the subject. 
 
 For some years back it has been customary with the general management 0 
 large banking institutions in Canada, following English precedents, to deliver an 
 address at the Annual Meeting, reviewing not only the business of the Bank itself, but 
 the position and prospects of the trade of the country. 1 he addresses of Mr. Hague 
 from year to year have been noted for their comprehensive and practical character, 
 being eminently readable, devoid of technical and abstruse discussion, dwelling on 
 matters of universal business interest, and have been widely read and commente 
 upon both in Canada and the United States. 
 
 So far with regard to the practical position of Mr. Hague’s banking career. e 
 has, however, been actjve in the theoretical as well as in the practical sphere 0 
 Banking. His contributions to the Press on financial subjects have been carne 
 on without intermission for more than twenty years, in the shape of leading artic es 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 277 
 
 in financial journals. His addresses to Bankers in the United States at the annual 
 meeting of their Associations have been received with marked approval, and all of 
 them are now in print in pamphlet form. Amongst other addresses was one delivered 
 before the British Association for the Advancement of Science, when it met in 
 Montreal, four years ago. Few men in Canada have written as much on banking 
 and financial subjects, or done more to diffuse sound principles, to expose prevalent 
 errors, and bring about honorable and wise methods of business, or to warn the 
 community against commercial rocks and shoals, and generally to promote the per- 
 manent prosperity of the country. 
 
 Mr. Hague has long taken a warm interest in the young men of Canada, and 
 has been identified with the Young Men’s Christian Association and other agencies 
 for their improvement. Before this body he has delivered papers and addresses 
 on various subjects, most of which have been printed. He has taken special pains 
 to educate the young men who have at various times served under him in his banking 
 career, and has had the satisfaction of seeing many of them rise to prominent positions 
 in the banking world. He was for many years Chairman of the Congregational College 
 of Canada, and is one of the Governors of McGill University. For mere party poli- 
 tics he has no particular taste, but has for some time been a member of the Imperial 
 Federation League, and has always taken a deep interest in the development of 
 Canada as an integral portion of the British Empire. 
 
 He has lately been honored by the Privy Council of Canada in being appointed 
 Chairman of the Royal Commission to enquire into the working of the Civil 
 Service of the Dominion. 
 
 THOMAS STORROW BROWN 
 
 Was born at St. Andrews, New Brunswick, on the 7th of May, 1803. His grand- 
 father was a Boston merchant, who sacrificed his all for the Royal cause, and left 
 that city for Halifax in 1776, when Boston was evacuated by General Gage. His 
 grandmother was the granddaughter of John Wentworth, and niece of Sir Benning 
 Wentworth and cousin of John Wentworth (afterwards Sir John, Governor of Nova 
 Scotia), who in succession were the three last Royal Governors of New Hampshire. 
 She accompanied to New Brunswick a son-in-law, Captain Thomas Storrow, of the 
 British Army. On the approach of war with the United States in t8ii, when friends 
 on the opposite side of the River St. Croix were to become enemies, Mr. Brown 
 retired as far as possible from the frontier to Woodstock in the State of Vermont. 
 From this place, his son, the subject of this sketch, in May, 1818, then fifteen 
 years old, came friendless and alone to Monti eal, to enter the hardware store of Mr. 
 J. T. Barrett. In 1825, he commenced the hardware business on his own account, 
 and in a few years had one of the largest establishments of this trade in the city, 
 which he gave up in 1835, devoting himself to public matters and land speculations. 
 . In 1832, he was one of the principal organizers of the Vindicator newspaper, and 
 
278 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 soon became a public writer. He was the most active promoter of the Charter of 
 the City Bank, which commenced business in 1833, and soon after equally active in 
 organizing the Banque du Peuple, of which he was one of the first directors. In the 
 summer of 1834, the law for the protection of emigrants had expired, and there was 
 no office or provision for them in Montreal. Suddenly the cholera broke out, creat- 
 ing universal panic ; the city being without funds, applied to Lord Aylmer, then 
 Governor General, for an advance, but was refused ; the Mayor called a meeting of 
 the citizens, and in this way related his position, when Mr. Brown moved and carried 
 a resolution naming himself and four other citizens, Felix Souligne, To ussaint Peltier, 
 James Duncan Gibb, and Francois Desautels, as a committee, to do all things need- 
 ful. These gentlemen at once assumed full authority, and with their own funds 
 established Cholera Hospitals and shelter foremigrants, furnished provisions to all in 
 need, forwarded daily to their destination all who were in health, paying the passage 
 of all who had come destitute. Mr. Brown devoted every morning to attendance in 
 the hospital, and the afternoon to forwarding emigrants. In all public agitation up 
 to the fall of 1837, Mr. Brown, being in daily communication with Mr. Papineau and 
 other leaders of his party, was among the most active and ubiquitous in writing and 
 public speaking. He wrote a series of letters, signed L. M. N., to the New York 
 Express , on the affairs of Canada. When the Sons of Liberty were organized in 
 August, he was chosen General of that body. On the sixth of November, when 
 returning home alone after their last meeting, he was assailed by a body of the 
 opposite party, and nearly beaten to death, losing the sight of his right eye, which 
 he never recovered. 
 
 The injuries thus sustained confined him to his home till the 16th November, 
 when hearing that a warrant for high treason was issued against him he went down 
 to Point aux Trembles, from which, after passing a day in bed on an island, he 
 crossed to Varennes. When at supper there he was joined by Alphonse Gouvin 
 and Rodolph Desrivieres, two chiefs of the Sons of Liberty , who, by accident, arrived 
 at the same time. These three determined to establish a Militaty camp at St. 
 Charles. Riding over night they accomplished this the following morning. Mr. 
 Brown being too weak for action, his two associates completed the preparations. 
 The people of the village and county, supposing that a general rising had commenced, 
 came to the camp in great numbers, and such as had arms of any kind, to the 
 
 number of about two hundred, remained. 
 
 Trees were felled to form defensive works, but as there was not time to 
 throw up earthworks it was merely a log fence, nor were there officers or military 
 organizations. At the same time Dr. Wolfred Nelson had collected a number of 
 armed men at St. Denis, for the defence of that place. When news reached Montreal 
 of these doings, Col. Gore was sent with a force against St. Denis, by way of Sorel, 
 and Col. Wetherall to St. Charles, with a brigade of infantry, two pieces of field artil- 
 lery and a small body of cavalry. Resting a day at St. Hilaire, and the roads being 
 good and weather fine, on the 25th November he marched rapidly to St. Charles, 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 279 
 
 using the ordinary military stratagem in an open level country of setting fire to a few 
 barns as he approached. The great columns of smoke and flame bursting up from 
 them produced its usual terror, and the country people came flocking before him. 
 
 In the midst of this Mr. Brown was thrown to the frozen ground from his horse, 
 with a shock that in ordinary times would have knocked him senseless, but mounting 
 again he endeavored to restore what order he could. 
 
 In the camp were less than a hundred men who made a heroic stand, but the 
 firing of Colonel Wetherall’s musketry and guns soon scattered all, except about 
 thirty, who were killed, and whose names have been carefully and religiously pre- 
 served. All order being ended, and Mr. Brown finding himself only one among the 
 many, proceeded about nightfall to St. Denis, where he joined Dr. Wolfred Nelson, 
 and after returning for a day to St. Charles, remained with him for a week. On the 
 2nd of December, they left with four companions for the States. Getting separated, 
 all were captured except Mr. Brown, who, by passing through the woods, and lodging 
 in barns, reached the United States, on the 9th of December, after many romantic 
 adventures, having been obliged to sustain life on raw peas, etc. He now found that 
 $2,000 had been offered for his apprehension. Subsequently he was by a decree of 
 Lord Durham declared guilty of high treason, to be punished accordingly, if found 
 in Her Majesty’s dominions. Taking no part in the border disturbances he went to 
 Florida in 1838, being occupied while there with public questions. In the spring of 
 1844, hearing that a Nolle Prosequi had been entered in his case in Montreal, by the 
 Attorney General of Canada, Mr. Lafontaine, for what reason he never knew, he 
 returned to this city, welcomed by his old acquaintances of all parties as one who 
 had merely returned from a journey. 
 
 Finding his land operations, after six years’ neglect, all in ruin, he returned to 
 the hardware trade, in which he continued until 1862, when he was appointed by the 
 Macdonald-Dorion Government Chairman of a Commission to inquire into the posi- 
 tion of the Public Departments, and their manner of keeping accounts. In 1864, he 
 was the first named official assignee under the Insolvent Act of that year. Mr. 
 Brown was married in 1829 to Miss Jane Hughes, who died in 1833, leaving one 
 daughter. He was again married in i860 to Mrs. Hestor Livingstone, of St. Augustine, 
 Florida. His connection with the Board of Trade has been from its earliest day. 
 He has held a high social position as a man of honor and cultivation, his connection 
 with the press as an independent and popular writer on all social questions has been 
 continual, and he has been prominent in all matters connected with Temperance 
 Reform. When looking back on his long eventful life, and especially to 1837, Mr. 
 Brown saw what he and his compatriots fought and bled for. We have now the 
 blessings of Constitutional Government and a free, loyal and prosperous commu- 
 nity, thanks to him and the Fils de la Liberty of 1837. 
 
28 o 
 
 ( J 
 
 GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL. 
 
 EDMUND BARNARD, Q.C., 
 
 Was born at Three Rivers, on 23rd January, 1831. He is a son of Edward Barnard, 
 for many years Prothonotary of Three Rivers, whose family was originally from 
 Yorkshire, England, settled at an early day in the history of the Colonies, at Deer- 
 field, Mass., and immigrated thence into Canada. Mr. Barnard received his education 
 in the Colleges of St. Hyacinthe, Nicolet and Montreal, and took his degrees of B.A. 
 and M.A. at St. John’s College, Fordham, N.Y. He studied Law in the office of 
 Judge Polette, in Three Rivers; also with Sir John Rose and the late Mr. Justice 
 Monk, of the Court of Appeals, and was admitted to the Bar on the 23rd of October, 
 I ^53. Mr. Barnard is known as one of the most studious, painstaking and successful 
 lawyers in Montreal. He has made a specialty of certain branches, such as leal 
 estate, French law, municipal law, and law of banks and corporations, he having 
 a very extensive clientele in those several departments. He often visits England to 
 attend to Canadian cases before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. A 
 fellow member of the Montreal Bar gives Mr. Barnard credit for having a very keen 
 perception of the old French law— second to that of no other lawyer in the province, 
 for being a very indefatigable worker in preparing his cases, and for being a fluent 
 and strong Advocate, equally good in the French and English languages. In 185b, 
 Mr. Barnard was married to Ellen King, daughter of the Hon. C. L. Austin, Recorder 
 of the City of Albany, N.Y. His son is associated with him in his office. 
 
 REV. J. U. LECLERC 
 
 Was born at Isle Bazarre, August 7th, 1836. He is the son of Francis LecLrc, 
 farmer, and Josephte Demers, his wife. While still a youth, his parents determined 
 to dedicate their son to the service of the Church, and with this object in view his 
 education was properly attended to. He took, first, a Classical course at Montreal 
 College, after studying Philosophy at St. Mary’s College, Montreal, and St. Michaels 
 College, Toronto. He next went to Sandwich College, as Professor, in 1858, but soon 
 resigned this position to enter on a course of study in Theology at the Grand Seminary 
 at Montreal, being ordained Priest in June, 1862. His first clerical charge was at 
 Vaudreuil, where he was Curate for two years. In 1865, he left Vaudreuil, having 
 been appointed Chaplain of the Reformatory Prison at St. Vincent de Paul. In 
 1873, he was appointed Chaplain to the great Penitentiary there, and for the ten years 
 following he filled that very important post with great acceptability to the officeis of 
 the institution, who were deeply struck with the Chaplain’s piety, and the zeal with 
 which he ministered to the spiritual wants of the many unfortunate outcasts from 
 society who were confined within its walls. In 1883, Father Leclerc was transferred 
 to the important parish of St. Joseph’s, Richmond street, Montreal, where he has since 
 ministered. He is also Pastor of St. Anthony’s Parish, for the English-speaking 
 classes of St. Joseph’s and St. Cunegonde, by whom he is much beloved. About four 
 years ago he visited Manitoba, and was much impressed with the richness of the 
 country, and the immense resources of the Northwest Territories. He has also twice 
 visited the Maritime Provinces, and has thus a good knowledge ot the topograph) ot 
 the Dominion from personal observation. 
 
u 
 
 
 CLEOPHAS BEAUSOIvFJL. M.P. 
 
 
•GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 281 
 
 CUkOPHAS BEAUSOLEIL, M.P., 
 
 Was born 19th June, 1845, at St. Felix de Valois, County of Joliette. Fourth son of 
 Joseph Beausoleil and of Rose Ducharme. He was educated at the Academy of 
 Berthier and at Joliette College. He came to Montreal in August, 1864, and studied 
 Law at the office of Messrs. Belanger & Desnoyers, now judges. In 1866, his love 
 of politics induced him to enter journalism. He wrote first for L'Ordre , then for 
 L'Evenement. In 1868, he became one of the editors of Le Nouveau Monde under 
 Mr. Joseph Royal, now Lieutenant-Governor of the North West, and chief editor in 
 1870, a position he occupied until 1873, when he established Le Bien Fubltc in co- 
 partnership with Mr. L. O. David. His career as a political writer was one of the 
 brightest. In 1875, Mr. Beausoleil left politics and was appointed Official Assignee, 
 in which office he obtained the confidence of the trade and acquired quite a com- 
 petency. In 1880, Mr. Beausoleil resumed his legal studies, and was admitted to the 
 Bar, July, 1880. Six months later he entered into partnership with Hon. Honore 
 Mercier, Premier of the Province of Quebec, and the firm still exists under the name 
 of Mercier, Beausoleil, Choquet & Martineau. In 1882, Mr. Beausoleil contested 
 St. James Ward for the Municipal Council against Alderman Louis Allard, and was 
 elected by 221 votes of a majority after one of the bitterest contests on record. He 
 was re-elected by acclamation in 1885, an ^ resigned in 18S8. His principal works 
 in the Council were the repeal of the Abattoir Monopoly, the repeal of the Statute 
 Labor Tax and the annexation of Hochelaga and St. Jean Baptiste A aids, thus 
 giving the control of the city to the French element. In 1867, Mr. Beausoleil was 
 elected to the House of Commons for the County of Berthier, defeating the late 
 member, Mr. Robillard, by a majority of 231. He was re-elected in March, 1871, 
 defeating Mr. Victor Allard by 157 votes. Mr. Beausoleil has taken a prominent 
 part in some very important debates, such as the Reciprocity, Dual Language and 
 Beet-root Sugar debates. Mr. Beausoleil speaks as he writes, with knowledge of 
 the subject, clearness of expression, going straight to the point and bringing all the 
 arguments in the most lucid manner. Mr. Beausoleil is a National-Liberal, devoted 
 to his Church, to his country and to his party. He is one of the most trusted 
 Lieutenants of Hon. Wilfred Laurier. He has once more (Feb., 1892) been elected 
 by acclamation as one of the Aldermen of the City of Montreal. 
 
282 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 MICHAEL PATRICK RYAN. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born at Palis, in the County of Tipperary, one of the 
 finest and most delightful counties of the many such in Ireland, on the 29th Sep- 
 tember, 1824. He is the third son of William and Mary Ryan. He received his 
 education there, and at an early date came to Montreal and commenced business. 
 He married, in 1850, Margaret, eldest daughter of the late Patrick Brennan, Esq., of 
 this city. Mr. Ryan was at one time one of the most extensive merchants in Mon- 
 real in his own line, which was that of produce, and ranked amongst the merchant 
 princes of the great Canadian Metropolis. He has been most active in the welfare 
 and prosperity of his adopted city. He was Vice-President of the Artisans’ Mutual 
 Building Society, and a Director of the Metropolitan Bank, of which the well-known 
 Honorable Henry Starnes was at one time the Manager. He was also a Director of 
 the Northern Colonization Railway, and is the President of the Local Directors of 
 the Confederation Life Association. He is also a Justice of the Peace for the District 
 and City of Montreal. Whilst he was a member of the Corn Exchange Association 
 he had the high honor of three times being elected to serve as the President. He was 
 a Harbor Commissioner from August, 1873, to August, 1874. 
 
 In 1868, Canada lost her noblest adopted child, Thomas D’Arcy McGee. The 
 election that preceded that Statesman’s last return to Parliament had been conducted 
 with a bitterness unprecedented in the annals of electioneering warfare. The passion 
 of the multitude had not subsided when the tragic event occurred that sent poor 
 McGee to an untimely end. Many of the Protestant population, with whom he was 
 a great favorite, registered a vow that no Irish Catholic should be his successor. 
 The moment was a trying one. Had the tacit understanding as to the representation 
 of Montreal in the House of Parliament been then broken through, it is impossible 
 to say what might have been the result politically ; but in any case it must have proved 
 disastrous to the interests of thje Irish Catholics. Meeting after meeting was held to 
 bring forward a candidate ; the names of many prominent citizens were mentioned ; 
 but the Protestant section refused to hear of any unless Mr. M. P. Ryan, who had 
 most emphatically refused to offer himself, should be the candidate. No doubt those 
 who desired to see the Irish people deprived of their representation, never dreamt 
 that Mr. Ryan would consent to sacrifice his business, involving hundreds of thousands 
 of dollars annually, for the profitless task to him of sitting in Parliament, and the 
 late Mr. Morland, a gentleman of high standing, was ready in the background to 
 step forward, with the whole support of the Government, to snatch the coveted prize. 
 Mr. Ryan's patriotism had now to stand a severe test. His fellow-countrymen, those 
 who had, with himself, followed the fortunes of the late lamented McGee, and those 
 who had fought hardest on the other side, were clustered around him, and, responsive 
 to the solicitations of clergy and laity, he consented to accept the candidature that he 
 in no way desired, and which, whilst it preserved the seat to his fellow-countrymen 
 and co-religionists, was destined to be one of the causes of the great commercial 
 misfortunes that overtook him later on. Thus, however, was finally settled the 
 question of Irish-Catholic representation in the City of Montreal, and so effectually 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 283 
 
 that no political party, without counting inevitable defeat, can afford to trample 
 upon that acknowledged right.' Mr. Ryan was, therefore, elected by acclamation m 
 1868, and again in 1872. In the memorable campaign of 1874, the late Mr. Devlin 
 opposed Mr. Ryan, but was defeated by 383 votes. On a subsequent occasion, the 
 seat having been declared vacant, Mr. Devlin succeeded in carrying the election by 
 a majority of 73 ; but, at the General Election following (1878), Mr. Ryan defeated 
 Mr. Devlin by the sweeping majority of 802. 
 
 In Parliament, Mr. Ryan occupied positions on most of the important com- 
 mittees of the House. He seldom spoke except on questions affecting the interests 
 of the people he more especially represented, and on subjects affecting the fiscal 
 policy of the country, when he commanded universal attention and respect. His 
 devotion to his party was well known, but it had never led him so far as to swerve 
 for one moment from the strict path of duty. On the New Brunswick school question, 
 in the exciting and bitter controversy on the Manitoban difficulty, in a word, on 
 every occasion where manly independence was necessary, Mr. Ryan showed that by 
 voice and vote he was prepared to stand by the good cause, let the consequences to 
 Government or political parties be what they might. During his long and useful 
 career, Mr. Ryan connected himself with many organizations for the moral and social 
 improvement of his people, but with none more actively than the St. Patrick’s 
 Temperance Society, of which he was President for several years. Many is the weak 
 and erring man his kind word has comforted, and his noble example strengthened in 
 his resolve to turn over a new leaf, and adhere to that total abstinence which has 
 effected so much good everywhere, but in no instance more markedly than amongst 
 
 the Irish people. . . , 
 
 In 1882, Mr. Ryan retired from public life to take the position of Collector ot 
 
 Customs at the Port of Montreal, and was succeeded by the present member, J. J. 
 
 Curran, M.P. 
 
 JOSEPH BRUNET 
 
 Was born at St. Vincent de Paul, 26th November, 1835. His father was also of the 
 same name and of that village. The family went to Laprairie when Mr. Brunet was 
 thirteen years old, and after four years he came to Montreal and was apprenticed to 
 a large building firm. At the age of twenty-one he began business on his own account, 
 and by strict assiduity and correct management of his affairs, has acquired the position 
 he now holds. In February, 1871, he was elected as Councillor for the St. Louis 
 Ward, and since that dale for some years he continued to represent the Ward, being 
 for two years elected as Alderman. 
 
 He is one of the Directors of the Metropolitan Building Society, also of the St. 
 James’, also the Canada, and of the Magog Association for giving cheap and healthy 
 residences in the country to those who are members of the Society. His place of 
 business is on Mignonne street. He was elected to the Local Provincial Legislature 
 for Montreal last General Elections, and is now awaiting the result of March 8th 
 next— what the General Elections caused by the dismissal of the Mercier Government 
 will bring forth. 
 
284 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 THOMAS FORTIN, LL. L. 
 
 He was born in St. Francois, Beauce, 7th December, 1853, consequently he is 
 thirty-nine years of age. He was educated first at the elementary school of the 
 locality up to the age of twelve, then went away to the State of Minnesota for two 
 years, after which he tried farming, and then travelled in the Eastern States for a 
 couple of years. After this he was apprenticed to a blacksmith for six months. 
 Afterwards he really worked by the day on the Quebec Central Railway, near Sher- 
 brooke, for some time in 1872, so determined was he to get the means to prosecute 
 his further studies. From there he went to the Military School of Quebec, where 
 the usual certificate was obtained. It was when he was in Quebec attending the 
 Military School that he met some friends who thought he could do something else 
 than travel about and work by the day. With the assistance of his parents, and with 
 the few dollars earned by the pick and shovel, he attended Mr. W. Thom’s Com- 
 mercial Academy for one year. He then entered the employ of Fyfe & Garneau, dry 
 goods store, as bookkeeper, and was there and elsewhere until the 15th November, 
 1876, when he came to Montreal in search of a better situation. Through the pro- 
 tection and recommendation of a friend in Quebec, he entered as bookkeeper in the 
 Canadian Rubber Co., and remained until March, 1879. Whilst there, he met 
 friends who were taking night lessons from the late L’Abbe Chandonnet, one of the 
 best teachers ever known in Canada. He joined the class of L’Abbe Chandonnet in 
 January, 1878, and in January, 1879, was admitted to the study of Law without oral 
 examination, and with much congratulations from examiners on his proficiency and 
 advancement. He then entered the office of the Hon. J. F. Robidoux, in March, 
 1879, as a student, and followed the Law course at Laval, Montreal. He graduated 
 there in Law, in June, 1881, obtaining the degree of LL. L., Summa cum laude , the 
 highest degree obtainable, at the end of the course. He was admitted to practice in 
 January, 1882, also coming out first from the examinations, and entered into partner- 
 ship with Mr. Robidoux. He married in May, 1882, Miss Amanda Fortier, 
 daughter of Antoine Fortier, Esq., N.P., of Ste. Scholastique. In 1885, he removed 
 his residence to St. Rose, where he still lives, partly on account of poor health. 
 Chosen as a candidate in 1888 to oppose Mr. Leblanc in a bye-election for Laval, 
 he was defeated. He met with the same experience in 1890 in the General Elections. 
 By request, he replaced Mr. Robidoux as Professor of Civil Law at McGill during 
 the Session of 1888-89 ; was appointed Assistant Professor of Law in said institution, 
 and given the Course of Professor Lareau in 1889^90. At the reorganization of the 
 Faculty of Law, in 1890, after the munificent endowment of Mr. McDonald, he was 
 appointed Professor of Civil Procedure and Municipal Law, which position he still 
 holds. He dissolved partnership with Mr. Robidoux, when the latter entered the 
 Provincial Government as Provincial Secretary, and is now practising alone. 
 
 • In the List of our Biographies I don’t think there is one single example which 
 •should arrest the attention of the youth,. not. only of Montreal, but the Province at 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 285 
 
 large, such as that of Thomas Fortin, now one of the Professors of Law in the 
 University of McGill. It is a grand incentive to all our young men nil desperandum , 
 for through every amount of difficulty, trouble and opposition, if a young man will 
 only set himself in a determined manner to succeed, he will in the end accomplish his 
 desire. A good, honest, religious and healthy life, moral and physical, will always 
 succeed in the end. Let all remember the old Roman adage: “Labor omnia 
 vincii.” 
 
 R£N£ AUGUSTE RICHARD HUBERT 
 
 Was the son of Louis Edward Hubert, merchant of St. Denis, River Richelieu, and 
 of Dame Marie Cecil Cartier, aunt of the late Sir George E. Cartier, Baronet, and 
 was born on the 5th of June, 1811. 
 
 When he had made with distinction all the classes of his course of study in the 
 College of St. Hyacinthe, at twenty-five years of age, he was admitted on the 16th 
 April, 1836, to the Bar of Lower Canada. Among his classmates maybe mentioned 
 the Bishop of St. Hyacinthe, Hon. Judge Sicotte and Pierre David Hubert, M.D., 
 his brother. He studied in the offices of the late Louis Michel Viger, Esq., and in 
 that of the well-known C. S. Cherrier, Esq. 
 
 Choosing Montreal for the exercise of his profession, for the long period of 
 thirty years he always had a large number of rich and lucrative clients as a reward 
 for his assiduity to his profession, his talents and great integrity. No man deserved 
 a better position than R. A. R. Hubert. In after years, his sterling qualities were 
 well known and his honest purpose appreciated by those in power. 
 
 He married, on the 26th December, 1833, in the Parish of Pointe aux Trembles, 
 Dlle. Hermine Viger, the daughter of the late Joseph Viger, Esq., and of Therese 
 Archambault of that place. 
 
 Just thirty years after his admission to practice as an advocate he was named 
 Prothonotary, nth January, 1866, and occupied this important position and difficult 
 situation to his death, to the entire satisfaction of the Bench, the Bar and the public. 
 
 A new Bank had been established in Montreal and received the name of 
 the patron saint of Canada, the St. Jean Baptiste Bank. The subject of this sketch 
 was the Provisional President of the new enterprise. 
 
 A sale which Mr. Hubert made at Cote St. Paul, near Montreal, showed the 
 advance of property in this city at that time. The farm consisted of ninety-six arpents 
 extent, and cost the small sum of $4,800 in the year 1866, and was sold to a company 
 of capitalists for the fabulous price of $280,000. 
 
 Let us now go back to 1837. A year after his admission to the Bar he was 
 engaged in the troubles of that year, and was present on the 14th December at the 
 battle of St. Eustache with the late Dr. Chenier, slain in the fight ; J. H. Peltier, Esq. ? 
 advocate, then his co-partner ; J. Chevalier de Lorimier, who was one of the victims 
 of the troubles of 1838. St. Eustache is pleasantly situated on the north branch 
 
286 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 of the Ottawa river or the Riviere du Chene. The malcontents were strongly 
 entrenched in the church which was set on fire, as was also the presbytere and 
 about sixty of the principal houses in the village. Nearly 200 fell victims to 
 their folly from the fire and charges of the troops, or they were suffocated in 
 the flames of the buildings destroyed. Mr. Hubert was exposed to the fire of 
 the 32nd Regiment and a battalion of volunteers on the north side when he was 
 riding on horseback on the south side of the Petite Riviere du Chene, having 
 had a ball pass through his hat, and he would certainly have been killed, exposed as 
 he was to the fire of more than 800 guns, if the balls had been better directed, but 
 for the most part they lodged in the sides of the houses opposite to the Royal Regiment. 
 On the 6th January, 1838, he was taken prisoner with his brother, Francois Xavier 
 Hubert, N.P., of St. Denis, at St. Antoine, River Richelieu, and thrown into the 
 Montreal gaol, where were then confined the late Sheriff Leblanc, the late Dr. 
 Wolfred Nelson and many others. He remained in gaol for some months, till Lord 
 Durham, converting his mission into one of peace, on the occasion of the coronation 
 of Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, caused the gaols of Canada, now 
 crowded with political offenders, to be emptied— many being released on giving 
 security for future good behavior. Mr. Hubert gave recognizances of $10,000 that 
 he would not “ trouble the peace again for five years.” More than fifty years have 
 passed since the subject of this sketch gave these bonds, a new generation has arisen, 
 Mr. Hubert and all his old companions have passed away, but what he and the 
 other “ Fils de la Liberte ” fought and bled for, this generation and their children 
 have now obtained, viz., responsible government and the election of its members by 
 the people themselves. 
 
 Very few have such an unblemished escutcheon and genealogical register as Mr. 
 Hubert, and very few can tell, especially in a new country, of the position and occu- 
 pation of his great-great-grandfather. 
 
 CARDINAL AND DUQUETTE. 
 
 We will give the closing scenes of the life of these two Patriots, the first of the twelve 
 who were hanged above the gate of the present Gaol. All these memoirs are taken 
 from my “ Historv of the Montreal Prison.” 
 
 “ Cardinal and Duquette were at the head of the Patriots who went to the 
 village of Caughnawaga to possess themselves of the Indians’ weapons, when they 
 were arrested on the 4th November, and on the 28th with Lepailleur condemned to 
 die. The last named escaped the gallows, and was transported to Australia, but 
 afterwards returned to Montreal, where he died not long ago. 
 
 On the 20th December, from his cell in the Montreal Prison, Cardinal wrote, 
 amongst other things, these words to his wife : Demain, a Pheure ou je t’ecris, mon 
 ame sera devant son Createur et son Juge. Je ne crains pas ce moment redoutable. 
 Je suis muni de toutes les consolations de la religion. Oh Dieu, ayez pitie de moi,de 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 287 
 
 ma femme et de mes enfants, je vous les recommande, veillez sur eux, servez leur 
 d’epoux et de pere, et ne tardez pas de les reunir tous avec moi dans votre saint 
 paradis.’ And yet such is the height to which party feeling will be carried during 
 times like those of which we are now writing that The Montreal Herald , of date 
 November 19th, 1838, thus says : 4 We have just seen the new gallows made by Mr- 
 Bronsdon, and we believe that it is to be set up facing the prison, so that the 
 incarcerated rebels may enjoy a sight that doubtless will not fail to assure to them 
 sound sleep and agreeable dreams ! Six or seven of them can be strung up at once, 
 without difficulty on the new gibbet, but a yet greater number at a pinch would it 
 accommodate.’ 
 
 Great efforts were made to save Cardinal, and his wife sent a most touching letter 
 to Lady Colborne. It was of no avail. The last scene of bidding adieu between him 
 and his family was heart-rending as the Historian of this period, Mr. L. O. David, 
 justly says in his late interesting work from which the Author here acknowledges to 
 have gained, as from former works of his, a great deal of information : 4 Quand l’heure 
 fatale de la separation sonna a l’horloge de la prison, quand ils se donnerent dans un 
 long sanglot le baiser de l’eternel adieu, ils £taient plus morts que vivants.’ 
 
 At last the fatal day arrived. It was a gloomy, cold, cheerless morning. The 
 sun was as it were ashamed to shine ; massive clouds floated like funeral trappings 
 all over Montreal. Nine o’clock arrived. The procession wended its way from the 
 condemned cell on to the scaffold. The friends of the prisoners and others recited 
 the De profundis . One great cry arose from the assembled thousands round the 
 walls and gate. The trap fell and Cardinal was launched into eternity. 
 
 Joseph Duquette had a more tragic end. He was quite a boy, not yet twenty- 
 one years of age. Everything possible was done to mitigate his sentence. Even the 
 Indians of Caughnawaga, regretting their haste arresting Cardinal and Duquette, sent 
 a beautiful petition to Sir John Colborne, but in vain, he suffered the same day as 
 Cardinal. One of those horrible spectacles sometimes seen at executions happened 
 to him. The cord was badly adjusted round his throat and became disarranged. 
 They saw the body of the unfortunate young man swinging from right to left and 
 strike violently the wood work of the scaffold. Some one called out ‘ pardon, 
 pardon,’ but this was of no use. The executioner hardly knowing what to do, 
 seizing the cord, brought back the body upon the scaffold and at last all was over. 
 
 On the 20th December, 1838, L. F. Drummond, afterwards the well-known 
 Judge Drummond, sent a most pathetic letter to His Excellency Sir John Colborne, 
 to arrest the execution of Cardinal and Duquette, stating therein that they had been 
 illegally condemned, and proving the facts by declaring their actions during the 
 uprising. Besides the last named was not a major in the eye of the law, as Duquette 
 was not twenty-one years of age. But all seems to have been in vain as they both 
 suffered execution.” 
 
288 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ROBERT, HAMELIN, DECOIGNE, A. SANGUINET AND CHARLES SANGUINET. 
 
 « The prisoners Robert, Hamelin and the two Sanguinets were accused of having 
 taken part in the expedition against La Tortue and the death of the unfortunate 
 Walker, and for this they suffered death. On the 18th January, these four with 
 Decoigne, also condemned to suffer death, marched with steady tread from their cells 
 to the scaffold, where they were hanged in a row. 
 
 J. J. Robert was the leader of a band of insurgents who, on the 3rd November, 
 endeavored to disarm the Loyalists at St. Philippe, St. Constant and Laprairie, and 
 had besieged the house of Mr. Walker. He was a farmer of St. Philippe. His 
 position and character and age were sufficient to make him a leader among the 
 patriots of his parish. He had long been an admirer of Papineau, and was one of the 
 first who had remitted to the Authorities his Commission as a Captain of Militia. 
 On the morning of his execution he consoled his companions in the condemned cell, 
 and prayed both for them and for his country. Efforts was made for a respite of his 
 sentence by his friends on account of his age, but in vain. 
 
 F. X. Hamelin was a Lieutenant in the company of which Robert was Captain. 
 He had taken an active part in the attack of Mr. Walker’s house, when Walker was 
 killed. Hamelin was quite a boy, not more than eighteen years of age, and as in the 
 case of Duquette, strenuous efforts were made to save him on account of his youth, 
 but all in vain. Frightened at first with the fear of death, he afterwards maintained a 
 calm demeanor during all the fearful preparations, and having received the last rites 
 of the Church, and pitied by every one, he bravely died, as he firmly believed, in the 
 discharge of his duty and for his country. 
 
 The two Sanguinets were brothers, and belonged to one of the oldest and 
 most respectable families in the country. Their father was the proprietor of the 
 Seigniory of Lasalle in the County of Laprairie. The father lost all by law. The 
 sons had been active ever against the Government, and by their energy, the unfor- 
 tunate Cardinal had been returned as Member for their County. Both were married 
 now and highly esteemed by their fellow citizens. The one was called Ambrose, and 
 was thirty-eight years old when he suffered; the other, Charles, was thirty-six. They 
 were both in the company of Robert, one as Captain, the other as Lieutenant. 
 
 Decoigne was a notary of Napierville, married, and twenty four years of age. 
 He was condemned on account of being one of the chiefs in the camp of the Patriots 
 at Napierville. Expecting to escape, as the proof against him was feeble, he received 
 the news on the 12th January to prepare to die on the 18th with calm resignation, and 
 on that day he expired as the others, fortified by the rites of his Church, and the feel- 
 ing that what he had done was for his country.” 
 
289 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 NARBONNE, NICOLAS, DAUNAIS, HINDELANG AND DeLORIMIER. 
 
 “At their execution, 15th February, 1839, another of those disgusting spectacles hap- 
 pened as in the case of poor Duquette. When the rope was placed round the throat 
 of Narbonne, and the execution about to take place, on account of one of his arms 
 having nearly been cut off when a child, and the executioner having neglected 
 sufficiently to secure the other, the poor soul, when the trap fell (his arms becoming 
 loose) seized the cord and suspended himself both by his maimed and whole arms. 
 Twice they had to let go their hold and twice Narbonne seized the cord. At last 
 after this bungling and sad spectacle, death kindly came and terminated his 
 sufferings. 
 
 At the same time was executed a Quebecer named Nicolas. After the battle 
 of Odeltown, he was taken prisoner, when he had wandered nearly half-starved and 
 frozen, into a miserable cottage, and sent under a strong escort to the Gaol of 
 Montreal. Having been condemned, he was executed with the other four on the 15th 
 February, 1839. 
 
 On the 1 8th January, when he arrived at the prison of Montreal, he passed 
 under the gallows where a few hours before the five unfortunates and his friends, 
 Decoigne, Robert, the two Sanguinets and Hamelin had been executed. One of the 
 guards then said to him : 4 Look at the ropes, one of them is waiting for you.* 
 Nicolas quickly replied: ‘I will die as I have lived, a Patriot/ Only eight hours 
 elapsed from the arrest of Nicolas till he was court-martialed and condemned to 
 death. He, on the 15th February, mounted with his companions the steps of the 
 scaffold with a firm tread, and when on the platform spoke to the crowd, the substance 
 of which has been much debated about ever since. Some say he expressed regret at 
 the part he had taken in the rebellion, whilst others say, according to all trustworthy 
 accounts his last words were the following Je ne regrette qu’une chose, c’est de 
 mourir avant d’avoir vu mon pays libre ; mais la Providence finira par en avoir pitie, 
 car il n’y a pas un pays plus mal gou verne dans le monde.’ 
 
 Daunais was only twenty years of age, and in the last hours of his life was calm 
 and silent, and endured without a murmur, and died without a struggle. 
 
 Charles Hindelang was the only Protestant among the twelve who suffered 
 death, during these times, by execution at the Montreal Gaol. He was not a French 
 Canadian, but came from Paris. Originally Swiss, and for a long time residing in the 
 Capital of France. After the affair of Odeltown, Hindelang was taken prisoner and 
 thrown into the Montreal Gaol, and on the 24th January condemned to be hanged, 
 but he was not executed for three weeks afterwards, as he was one of the five hanged 
 15th February. 
 
 We find, the evening before their execution, the five prisoners obtained permis- 
 sion to give a banquet to their other unfortunate compatriots confined in the Gaol. 
 Hardly any one ate much, for their hearts were overcharged with sorrow, and it was, 
 indeed, a sad and melancholy scene. After supper, DeLorimier said these words : — 
 
290 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 < Ma patr ie, puisse t-elle ne jamais oublier que nous sommes morts pour elle sur 
 l 4 chafaud ! Nous avons v6cu en patriotes et nous mourrons en patnotes ! A bas 
 les tyrans ! Leur r6gne ach^ve.’ 
 
 Hindelang also spoke, and in the course of an eloquent harangue he burst out 
 and said-— ‘Oh, France, ch6rie, tu as re$u mon premier souptr ; ton fils qui va 
 mourir demain sur une terre etrangere t’aime toujours.’ On the morning of the 15th 
 February as he was busy writing what he would say on the scaffold, at eight 0 clock 
 the officials entered his cell and told him that the hour had come for his execution. 
 
 < Oui,’ replied he, ‘ je suis prfit, accomplissez votre oeuvre infame.’ When he left 
 
 his cell he saw his friend DeLorimier, who called to him : ‘ Courage, my friend, 
 
 the end draws near, ’-when Hindelang replied Death is nothing for a French- 
 
 man/ . _ . , . , 
 
 The prisoners then bade adieu to all their comrades and companions, and with 
 
 firm steps marched on to the scaffold. DeLorimier leading the double band, 
 followed immediately after by Hindelang, then Nicolas and Narbonne, and last the 
 youthful Daunais. 
 
 A great crowd lined all the streets and avenues leading to the Gaol. Whilst very 
 many wept, others positively laughed at the awful spectacle. 
 
 Arrived on the scaffold, when all was ready, Hindelang addressed the crowd m 
 these words ‘ Sur cet dchafaud, dleve par des mains anglaises, je declare que je 
 meurs avec la conviction d’avoir rempli mon devoir. La sentence qui ma con- 
 damne est injuste, mais je pardonne volontiers a ceux qui 1 ont rendue. La cause 
 pour laquelle je meurs est noble et grande, j’en suis fier et ne crains pas de mourir. 
 Le sang verse pour elle sera rachetd par le sang. Puissent les coupables en porter 
 la responsabilite ! Canadiens en vous disant adieu, je vous Idgue la devise de la 
 France : “ Vive la liber te ! ” 
 
 Having pronounced these words with a loud and firm voice, he was launched 
 into eternity. His body, it is believed was buried in the Military Burying Ground on 
 the Papineau road. Hindelang was escorted to the scaffold by the late Rev. John 
 Bethune, D.D., his spiritual adviser, who remained till the last. 
 
 DeLorimier was the last of the five executed this day. He was a native of 
 Montreal, his family a noble one, and one that remained in Canada when it became 
 a British Province. After Napierville, he was arrested and brought to the Montreal 
 Gaol on foot, where he was tried by Court Martial, and condemned to be hanged. 
 This sentence was carried out on the fatal 15th February. When he was about to 
 go to the scaffold, he gave Prieur a lock of his hair, that was contained in a letter, 
 which read thus : 
 
 Prison de Montreal, 15 F6vrier 1839. 
 
 Cher Prieur, 
 
 Vous me demandez un mot pour souvenir. Cher ami, que voulez-vous que je 
 vous ecrive, je pars pour l’Schafaud. Soyez courageux, et je meurs votre ami. 
 
 ^ ieU ' Chevalier DeLorimier. 
 
291 
 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 At a quarter to nine o’clock, DeLorimier parted with Hindelang, in the 
 presence of the gaoler, military officers and several soldiers, he saying to the execu- 
 tioner : ‘ I am ready.’ He mounted the scaffold with a firm step, and when Hinde- 
 lang had finished his address with the words ‘ Vive la liberte,’ he nodded his head, 
 in approval of the sentiments, and almost immediately after, the sign was given, and 
 the trap fell, and the five unfortunates were launched into eternity. 
 
 A letter written to his wife, at seven o’clock of the morning of the day of his 
 execution was found on his heart, after he was cut down, full of love and heroic 
 sentiments, the last paragraph of which is given as a sample of the whole : — “ Sois 
 done heureuse, rna ch£re et pauvre femme, ainsi que mes chers petits enfants, e’est 
 le voeu le plus ardent de mon ame. Adieu rna tendre femme, encore une fois adieu ; 
 vis et sois heureuse. 
 
 Ton malheureux mari, 
 
 Chevalier DeLorimier. 
 
 I cannot close this imperfect sketch of the last sufferer on tne scaffold for 1837- 
 38 without just stating that, within the past year or two, Colborne avenue, next the 
 Gaol, has had its name changed to DeLorimier avenue, after the Chevalier DeLorimier. 
 Sir John Colborne is often spoken about, especially at St. Eustache, after the disas- 
 trous engagement; perhaps our fellow French citizens had this in view when they 
 changed the name of the avenue. 
 
 A beautiful monument has been erected in the Roman Catholic Cemetery of 
 Cote des Neiges to their memory, and to the lasting praise of our French Roman 
 Catholic fellow countrymen, Hindelang’s name is as conspicuous (although a Swiss 
 and a Protestant) as any of the others. On the four sides of the splendid column’s 
 pedestal are engraved mementoes of this melancholy epoch, recording also the names 
 of C. O. Perrault, who figured then, an Advocate and Member of Parliament, and J. 
 O, Chenier, a Physician, who fell at St. Eustache. 
 
 The oration on the occasion of the inauguration of the monument was pronounced 
 by the late worthy Chief Justice, Sir (then the Honorable) A. A. Dorion, and 
 speeches were also delivered by Mr. Wilfred Dorion and Mr. Hector Fabre. Thus 
 rest till the Great Day of final judgment these twelve Patriots of 1837-38. Let the 
 prayer be softly said over them, Requiescat in Pace , and let us all ever bear in mind 
 the saying of one of the eminent Latin writers, Horace, ‘ Dulce est mori pro 
 patrid .’ 
 
 I will close with an account of what took place exactly forty-four years after 
 DeLorimier had written those beautiful words in his last letter to his wife, the night 
 before he was hanged, and when he penned : * O mes compatriotes, je vous confie 
 mes enfants. Je meurs pour la cause de mon pays, de votre pays, ne souffrez done 
 pas que ceux que je suis oblige de quitter souffrent de la pauvretS apres ma morL’ 
 
 And how. though tardily, this was done was seen when an article appeared in 
 1883, in La Tribune, of Montreal, making public that the widow and two daughters 
 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 of DeLorimier were living in poverty and want at the beautiful village of L Assomp- 
 tion about twenty-four miles from Montreal. The effect was electrical, and stirred 
 up the heart of the French community to the very core, and under the presidency of 
 Mr. L. O. David, Mr. Louis Frechette, the poet, being vice-president, and the late 
 Mayor H. Beaugrand, as secretary, subscriptions were soon raised, and a trip 
 taken to the village, where an address and a large purse of money were given to 
 Madame DeLorimier. Among the chief promoters, besides the above three gentle- 
 men, were MM. Archambault, Saint-Pierre, Deseve, Madame Saint-Pierre and Mile. 
 
 Peltier.” 
 
 SKETCHES OF CANADIAN PATRIOTS. 
 
 I will give, on the side of the Constitutionalists, a series of short sketches as they 
 appeared in ‘ The United Service Journal ’ of 1838. Among the sketches from this 
 writer of 1838, it will be seen that he speaks most kindly of several of the Patriots, 
 but makes an egregious blunder in causing Dr. Wolfred Nelson to die in the Mon- 
 treal Gaol. The article is given as originally printed 
 
 “ Louis Joseph Papineau is the son of Joseph Papineau, a Notary in Montreal, 
 who is still living, although ninety years of age. He has ever been denominated by 
 the Canadians as ‘ Father of the Patriots,’ but not a patriot either in the spirit or 
 sense in which it is now applied to his son. This aged individual has never been 
 the enemy of Great Britain, neither was he opposed to the Government at a period 
 when it was generally believed by the Canadians to be the intention of England to 
 make innovations on the institutions and privileges guaranteed to them at the con- 
 quest of the country. Yet, naturally jealous and fearful of such consequences, he 
 was induced to take the chair at a large public meeting held on the Champ de Mars, 
 against the then projected Union of the Upper and Lower Provinces, at which a 
 petition was voted to the Sovereign, and afterwards signed by eighty thousand 
 Canadians, expatiating on the blessings they enjoyed under the Constitution as it 
 then stood, and still stands, and praying that it might remain unaltered. 
 
 Such was the spirit of the aged parent of the rebel Papineau. We have been 
 induced cursorily to mention him, merely to show that the revolutionary opinions 
 of the son were not inculcated from early tyouth, but merely the outbreakings of 
 a discontented mind, embittered by events and disasters of his own seeking. On 
 the contrary, we have reason to believe that the aged Papineau earnestly endeavored 
 to check the rebellious principles exhibited by the son in all his actions for several 
 years past, being fully convinced that he was guided and governed in all his extra- 
 vagant and rebellious designs far more from vanity and ambition than from any con- 
 viction that his patriotism, so called, could lead to the welfare of his country, or that 
 he had the means or ability of carrying his measures into effect. 
 
 The individual we have here alluded to is about forty-nine years of age, and 0 
 mild and courteous manners, which have no similarity with his opinions or appear- 
 
293 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ancc. In height he is about five feet eight, and inclining to embonpoint . His 
 features, which are prominent, have something of the Jewish cast, which is much added 
 to by his dark hair and eyebrows, which are thick and arched, giving much fire to 
 the eye. He is undoubtedly a man of much information, and in society his conver- 
 sational powers are most fascinating. It cannot but be deplored that an individual 
 so gifted should be led by motives of ambition to seek his own ruin, instead of 
 employing his talents for the benefit of his fellow men. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief of Louis Papineau’s rebel army is named Brown, who 
 appears, if we may judge of his speedy abandonment of the forces under his com- 
 mand, to have as much mistaken his calling as the cause which has joined him with 
 the great Canadian chief. This individual, denominated General Brown, is an 
 American, but very unlike the Ame ican portion of the Montreal community, who, 
 it is but justice to say, have always been as true to the cause of Great Britain as the 
 most loyal of her subjects, which, by-the-by, is another argument to the prejudice of 
 Mr. Papineau. 
 
 General Brown is a miserable squalid-looking person, of short stature and con- 
 temptible appearance j his countenance being stamped with an expression of dis- 
 content, meanness, and indecision of character in mind — in fact, by his own country- 
 men he would be termed a ‘crooked cretur.’ Not long before the rebellion he 
 became a bankrupt ironmonger, and thus having nothing to lose, but everything 
 to gain, he placed himself at the head of the factious army. In this capacity, how- 
 ever, he proved himself unworthy the confidence of the poor deluded victims whom 
 he and his leader Papineau had seduced into their service. 
 
 A character not less conspicuous is Doctor YVolkred Nelson. His person was 
 handsome and manly ; in height about six feet ; and his disposition was far more 
 determined, courageous and active than any of his brother traitors ; and had he 
 been well supported, he would have proved a dangerous and powerful enemy. This 
 individual was the son of an Englishman of high respectability, who formerly kept a 
 school at Sorel. He married early a Canadienne, and settling at St. Charles, the hot- 
 bed of democracy in that section of the country, and being possessed of talent, intel- 
 ligence, and energy, he was sought out, flattered, and caressed, until at length falling 
 into the snare, he became the tool of the factious party, until, hurried on step by 
 step, he fell a victim to ultra-liberal opinions, and having had leisure to brood over 
 his follies and disappointed ambition as an inmate of the prison at Montreal, died 
 within its walls, a sacrifice to the cowardice and ill-advice of his flatterers, and his 
 own weakness. 
 
 Doctor O’Callaghan may rank next amongst the list of factious heroes. This 
 gentleman is the ci-devant editor of Louis Papineau’s gazette, mis-termed ‘ The 
 Irish Vindicator,’ and the coadjutor of the traitor chief in every thing that was vile 
 and miserable. He was first known in Canada .as the apothecary at the Montreal 
 
294 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Hospital, which place he left for Quebec— being at that period an Ultra-Tory in 
 every sense of the word. Having persecuted the then Governor, Lord Aylmer, with 
 constant applications for lucrative employment, without success, he forsook his old 
 calling. Dissatisfied and inconsistent, he offered himself as an agent for Canadian 
 agitation, and ultimately succeeded in being appointed by Mr. Papineau editor of 
 1 The Irish Vindicator,’ in which situation he catered fully for the seditious tastes 
 of his employer. His advance was afterwards as rapid as his fall. Rewarded for 
 his democratic scribbling by a seat in Parliament, he there made himself conspicuous 
 by taking a part prominently and diametrically opposite to that with which he had 
 hitherto sided. He then proceeded with his patron to the action of St. Charles, 
 from whence he accompanied him to his secret hiding-place in the United States, 
 and neither the one nor the other have since been heard of. 
 
 Doctor Coates, of L’Acadie, another prominent rebel, the chief of that district, 
 is a man of about thirty-five years of age, and a member of the Provincial Parliament. 
 He is, however, a man of little ability, and still less personal courage, strength of 
 mind, or fitness to head any party whatever, but is a fit associate for those with whom 
 he has connected himself. 
 
 Another far more talented individual is Mr. Shore Milne Bouchette. He is 
 the son of the Surveyor-General, and a young man of not more than twenty-five years 
 of age, of courteous and distinguished manners and address. If it may be termed dis- 
 tinguishing himself in such a cause, he did so ; for he fought bravely at Missisquoi 
 Bay, and was taken after being severely wounded, and his unhappy fate may be ter- 
 minated before his career had well begun. He is now in the Prison of Montreal, 
 and is to be regretted that one so promising should have been betrayed into his 
 present difficulties under promises of great preferment and reward. 
 
 Girouard is well known from his height, which is above six feet. He is also of 
 dark complexion, with jet-black hair and eyes. This leader is by profession a notary, 
 and has always been known as a thorough Revolutionist at heart. Since his discom- 
 fiture at Grand Bruld he has been taken by Mr. Simpson, the Collector of Customs 
 at Coteau du Lac, who is stepfather to Mr. Roebuck, although entirely differing 
 from him in political opinions. 
 
 M. Dumouchel, of St. Benoit, or Grand Brule, is also one of the principal 
 promoters of the Rebellion, which is the more to be regretted as he can boast of 
 more than sixty years of age, many of which he has passed in the bosom of his family, 
 and surrounded by the most peaceful peasantry in the world. He has also been rich 
 in fortune and prosperity, both of which have hitherto been deserved as amassed by 
 his own labors and honest exertions. Alas ! that his overwrought Republican 
 opinions should, at the close of a long life, have led him to commit those offences 
 against the law of his country which must terminate in his own ruin and the sacri. 
 fice of his valuable property. 
 
295 
 
 l \ 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Girod, frequently confounded with and mistaken for Girouard, was a Swiss. 
 He went to Canada about six years ago as an adventurer, thrust himself upon the 
 notice of the Government as having imported into the province a new system of 
 agriculture peculiarly adapted to the Canadian farmer, and requesting assistance to 
 carry his plan into effect ; but not meeting with the encouragement he anticipated, 
 he conceived he might turn his talents to more advantage by joining the rebels ; and 
 being unsuccessful with them at Grand Brule, he retreated to Pointe aux Trembles 
 where he put an end to his republican schemes and adventures by blowing out his 
 brains. 
 
 The British settlers in this part of the Montreal district had, from the commence- 
 ment of the revolt, been so persecuted and annoyed by the Canadians, nay, even 
 driven from their homes, and that during the most inclement season of the year, that 
 it is not surprising when they found themselves in a position to retaliate, they should 
 have inflicted on the inhabitants of St. Eustache and Grand "Brule that severe 
 degree of retributive vengeance which they experienced from the hands of the loyal- 
 ists, but which the Queen’s troops (to whom have been falsely attributed those acts 
 of severity) endeavored, with their wonted forbearance, to prevent. True it is that 
 the small force under the orders of Colonel Wetherall, at the battle of St. Charles on 
 the Chambly River, were directed by that gallant officer to follow up their successes 
 by those decisive and rigorous measures which dictated the necessity of destroying 
 the property of the principal traitors in that quarter ; but when we consider the very 
 critical situation of that brave and little band, surrounded as they then were by an 
 extensive disaffected population marching upon them from all sides, no alternative 
 remained but to employ such measures as should frighten the traitors from their 
 rebellious purpose, which, to persons unacquainted with the true state of that part of 
 the country, may have appeared harsh and uncalled for, yet, upon dispassionate 
 reflection, must be deemed most merciful and salutary, resulting, as they did, in staying 
 the progress of the rebellion, and thereby preventing that effusion of human blood 
 which must unavoidably have ensued had the warfare been protracted, and the 
 deluded habitants not have retired to their homes as they did, and that very rapidly, 
 on learning the fate of their misguided compatriots ; besides which, it has been posi- 
 tively ascertained that, had the expedition under Colonel Wetherall failed, the revo 
 lution would then have been complete, as the entire Canadian people, flushed with the 
 check the troops under Colonel Gore experienced from the Patriot foice at St. 
 Denis, were only waiting a similar result at St. Charles to rise en /nasst. 
 
 There are now about 270 prisoners in the Montreal Prison under a charge of 
 high treason, among whom are some persons of respectable standing in society, but 
 who have long been among the most active partisans of the great rebel Papineau, 
 and are now implicated as concerned in the councils of that plot which was to destroy 
 the connection now subsisting between Canada and Great Britain. 1 he most influ- 
 ential person of this party is Mr. Louis Michel Viger, commonly called ‘ Beau 
 Viger,’ from possessing a very handsome and prepossessing person and mien. He 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 is about fifty years of age, a lawyer by profession, a member of the Provincial Par- 
 liament, and brother of the Hon. Denis V. Viger, well known at the Colonial Office 
 as a Canadian Ambassador, and to be remembered by those Ministers whom he has 
 not failed to fatigue with his favorite theme of Canadian grievances. The said Mr. 
 Louis Michel Viger was president of a recently established institution in Montreal 
 styled ‘ La Banque du Peuple,’ whose notes were peculiarly stamped on blue 
 paper, and inscribed in the French language, for the purpose, as it was stated, of 
 causing a ready circulation of money among the habitants, who, prior to the forma- 
 tion of this institution, refused paper-money of any description. But subsequent 
 events have caused it to be suspected that the projectors of this bank had a deeper 
 scheme in view, as it is now supposed to have been originated for the purpose of 
 according facilities to the rebel army ; and Mr. Louis Michel Viger stands now com- 
 mitted, charged with having made large advances and otherwise assisted the rebel 
 cause. There is also in company with him, in the same prison, Mr. Come Clierrier, 
 a lawyer of eminence, and member also of the Provincial Parliament, a young man of 
 promising abilities, but who, unfortunately for himself, has employed them in the 
 cause of sedition and rebellion, for which he is now under confinement. It is, how- 
 ever believed, that he had been betrayed into this error by the natural bias of attach- 
 ment to his uncle, Papineau. But among the extensive group of accused rebels 
 there is one, who was arrested at Quebec at the commencement of the revolution, 
 more specious, artful and dangerous than any of them. This person, who has con- 
 trived to get admitted to bail, is Mr. Arthur Norbert Morin, the last missionary of 
 the Canadian faction to the British Government, whose evidence before a committee 
 of the House of Commons on Canadian affairs has recently appeared in some of the 
 leading public journals of the Metropolis, and who, prior to his mission, had the dar- 
 ing audacity to appear before the Governor of Canada, with the othei members o 
 the House of Assembly, decorated with a tricolor riband, which was a clear indica- 
 tion of the revolutionary principles he then entertained, and of his hostile feelings 
 towards Great Britain. The period must, however, shortly arrive when these parties 
 will all be heard in defence of the crimes for which they stand accused, when they 
 will have awarded to them that justice which they severally merit. 
 
J. I,. ARCHAMBAUI/T, Q.C. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAt. 
 
 297 
 
 JOSEPH LOUIS ARCHAMBAULT, Q.C., 
 
 Was born at Varennes, 19th June, 1849. His falher was J- N ' A< Archambault, 
 Notary Public, of Varennes, who had for years been a member and president of the 
 Provir.cial Board of Notaries, Quebec. His mother, Dame Aurelie Mongeau, of 
 Verdures, from her ancestors, is one of the most ancient families established m this 
 Province. He was educated in the College of St. Hyacinthe, where he obtained 
 great success. He was then a student in the law office of Cartier, Pominville & 
 Betournay, in Montreal. Took his degree of B.C.L. at McGill University, 3 ist 
 March, 1871, and was admitted to the Bar of Quebec, nth July, 1871, at twenty-two 
 years of age. He married Ernestine, eldest daughter of the late Senator Rolland, 
 of the Electoral Division of Mille Isles. 
 
 Soon after his admission to the Bar he went into a partnership with the Hon. 
 J. A. Chapleau, now Minister of Customs in the Dominion Government, and the late 
 H011. J. A. Mousseau, late Prime Minister of Quebec, andJ.S.C. of this Province. At 
 the appointment of the late Hon. Mr. Mousseau to the Bench, Mr.. Archambau t 
 formed a new partnership with the Hon. W. W. Lynch, late Commissioner of the 
 Crown Lands Department, Quebec, and now a Judge of the Superior Court, and G. 
 H. Bergeron, M.P., the present Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons of 
 Canada, and P. B. Mignault, advocate, a former student in his office. 
 
 The career of Mr. Archambault as a legal member of the Bar has been one 
 marked with continuous success and great devotion to the interests of his profession. 
 From his first start in his profession he has been entrusted with very important 
 cases in all the Courts of this Province and the Dominion, and even in the Privy 
 Council in England, whither he had been twice called to argue two important cases. 
 He was appointed a Q.C. by the Dominion Government on the 18th February, 
 1887, before leaving on his second trip to England for professional business before 
 the Privy Council. This was a well-deserved reward, and a compliment paid to is 
 legal attainments and ability. He has always stood one of the most foremost refor- 
 mators of his profession, and interested himself in all the good and efficient work o 
 the legislation dealing with the Bar of the Province. He was appointed a member o 
 
 the Council of the Bar in 1889. . 
 
 Mr. Archambault has the reputation of being fully versed m the history 
 and literature of his country. His contributions to the literature of Canada are 
 scattered in a great many pamphlets and periodicals. One of the most important o 
 his works is a legal study on the vexed question of the Laval University and Schoo 
 
 of Medicine difficulty. . 
 
 Mr. Archambault never entered into politics. A staunch Conservative, e 
 
 always took an active part in the political struggles of his party. At three different 
 times when the Cartier Club was the only political Conservative Association of the 
 Province, he has been unanimously appointed its President. 
 
 Mr. Archambault is of very amiable disposition. His turn of mind and char- 
 
298 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 acter bring to him men of all classes of . society and of all political shades. He is 
 yet in the prime of life, and if circumstances permit he will be a marked man in the 
 future, whether in the pursuit of a public career or in the higher ranks of his pro- 
 fession. Mr. Archambault has lately been appointed Crown Prosecutor for the Dis- 
 trict of Montreal. 
 
 WILLIAM WORKMAN. 
 
 Perhaps no man deserves a public place in our Biographical Sketches better than 
 Wm. Workman. He was one of our most prominent citizens for the long period of 
 nearly fifty years. Mr. Workman was born near Belfast, North of Ireland, and came 
 to Canada about the year 1829, previously having spent three years of service with 
 the Royal Engineers on the Irish Survey. He was a young promising man when 
 he made his debut in Montreal as assistant editor of the Courant. His elder 
 brother, Dr. B. Workman, now of Toronto, was associated with him. Abandoning 
 journalism, he entered into the large establishment of Frothingham & Co., where he 
 soon commanded so much confidence and esteem that, shortly after his entrance, he 
 was admitted partner, and the name of the firm was then changed to what it is still 
 styled to this day, “ Frothingham & Workman.” This firm has always been the 
 largest establishment in the hardware business in Canada, and its name is “familiar 
 as household words ” throughout the length and breadth of the Dominion, Hon. 
 Senator Murphy being now the head of the firm. Mr. Workman retired from the 
 firm in 1859, Having made an ample fortune. In 1849, He was elected President of 
 the City Bank, and continued for some years to hold this responsible office, when he 
 resigned. He was the founder of the City and District Savings Bank. He was the 
 first President of the Bank, and held the office for six consecutive years. He received 
 from the Bank officials a grand epergne and service of solid silver plate. He was a 
 Liberal in politics, and a strong supporter of the Lafontaine-Baldwin party. Having 
 these views, Mr. Workman was often brought into close relations with the French 
 Canadians of this party, and the Author can personally testify to the unfailing 
 expressions of respect and esteem entertained by many leaders of the Liberal party 
 towards him. In 1868, Mr. Workman was elected to the high and honorable position 
 of Mayor of Montreal, and for the next two years following he was re-elected by 
 acclamation. During hrs term of office his house was always open, as his generous 
 hospitality was always profusely dispensed to all strangers who visited Montreal. 
 During the office of Mayoralty, Mr. Workman was twice honored with a public 
 banquet in which all classes of the community joined. On the occasion of the second, 
 and on his retirement from the office of Mayor, he was presented as a gift from the 
 citizens with a magnificent diamond ring which cost $i,ood, and two costly pieces of 
 solid silver plate, accompanied by a most flattering address, signed on behalf of the 
 citizens and Corporation by a committee composed of the most wealthy and influen- 
 tial citizens of Montreal. The following names of the Committee show the esteem 
 in which Mr. Workman was held by every shade of political opinion : C. J. Coursol, 
 
2Q9 
 
 GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL 
 
 Mayor; William Molson, L. H. Holton, M.P., M. P. Ryan, M.P., Louis Bcaubien, 
 M.P.P., E. P. Pominville, J. A. Berthelot, S. Sup. C.T. ; Stanley Bagg, C. A. Leblanc, 
 Champion Brown, Henry Judah, Olivier Berthelet, Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, M.P., Hon, 
 Henry Starnes, M.L.C., C. S. Cherrier, A. M. Delisle, P. S. Murphy, H. Cott6, A. 
 Bernard, L. J. Beliveau, and Duncan McDonald. During the visit of His Royal 
 Highness Prince Arthur to Montreal, Mr. Workman, as Mayor, received him when 
 he landed, and was the recipient of many thanks from the Royal party during their 
 sojourn in this city. For some years before his death, Mr: Workman had been 
 gradually retiring into private life. Death had thinned his family, and he felt that 
 during the remaining term of his allotted career, having done his duty to this, his 
 adopted country, he might now retire from the battle of life and let the mantle of his 
 intelligence, energy and success fall upon the shoulders of some other rising men. 
 He died a few years ago. His gifts to the Protestant poor of Montreal in the Work- 
 man Wing of the Country House of Refuge will never be forgotten. 
 
 DR. BLAKE. 
 
 This name often appears in the garrison and criminal records of the City of Monti eal. 
 Dr. Charles Blake was a retired Army Surgeon. He came from Ireland. After 
 leaving the army he practised in Montreal. In one of the first murder cases ever 
 recorded, we find his name in the Judge’s sentence. This is the first record in the 
 annals of the Court of King’s Bench of a murder case in Montreal. The Judges 
 present were Hon. Chief Justice Monk, Mr. Justice Panet and Mr. Justice Davidson. 
 It reads thus: — Dominus Rex vs. Ignace Vaillancourt. A jury of twelve trench 
 Canadians was empannelled, and the Attorney-General opened the case and 
 examined the witnesses. After the return of the jury into Court by their foreman, 
 Antoine Desloriers, the prisoner is declared guilty, and the Court pronounced the 
 following sentence : “ That the prisoner be taken from hence to the Common Gaol 
 of the District from whence he came, and from thence, the day after to-morrow, that 
 is to say, on the ninth day of March instant, to the common place of execution, and 
 that he then and there be hanged by the neck till he be dead, and that his body 
 immediately afterwards be delivered to Charles Blake, Esq., of Montreal, Surgeon, to 
 be dissected and anatomized.” 
 
 We again find his name in a petition to be appointed “ Surgeon to the Garrison 
 at Montreal.” In 1774 or 1775 he received the appointment, as we find his name 
 recorded afterwards as such. One of his daughters married the well-known late 
 Judge Aylwin, and his widow, in 1814, married Major B. A. Panet, another well- 
 known name. He was rather a prominent man in his day. I find he was appointed 
 a Justice of the Peace in 1795, and was one of a Commission of Doctors to report on 
 a curious disease which had broken out 1111782, called, “ M al Anglois Lustacun, or 
 Sibbins." This disease was since widely known by the name of “ St. Paul Bay 
 Disease." Dr. Blake, like most of his countrymen, was a ready wit, and it is said 
 that he dictated this inscription to be placed on his tomb, “ The Last of the Blakes. 
 
 > — , 
 
I 
 
 300 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 STANLEY CLARK BAGG, J.P. 
 
 During the latter part of the last century one of the members of this family, who 
 had married a daughter of the old English house of Stanley, came to settle in 
 America, and was the paternal grandfather of the subject of the present memoir. 
 
 The ancient family of Bagg can claim descent from the distinguished race of 
 Normans, or Norsemen, and the first ancestor of whom any authentic record is pre- 
 served came over from the icebound shores of Sweden in the time of Hardicanute, 
 about A.D. 1040, and settled in England, where a branch of the family still exists. 
 
 The coat of arms of the Bagg family of Plymouth was granted in 1607. Shield: 
 Paley and bendy of six counter-charged ar. and gu. on a chef or ; three cinque foils 
 az. Crest : a cinque-foil az., between two wings endorsed the dexter gu., the other 
 ar. The motto “Remember” is an expression under which great mysteries were 
 supposed to be concealed, it being the last word uttered by King Charles, the martyr, 
 in 1649. 
 
 Stanley Clark Bagg was born in Montreal, A.D. 1820. He received his educa- 
 tion at some of the principal city academies, and at McGill College. In 1842, he 
 was admitted to the notarial profession ; but, after practising successfully for some 
 years, was induced to relinquish it, as he wished to give his personal supervision to 
 the management of his estates, being at the time (after the seigneurs of St. Sulpice) 
 the largest landed proprietor on the island of Montreal, having inherited his exten- 
 sive properties in that city, as well as a freehold estate in England, from his grand- 
 father, the late John Clark. In 1844, Mr. Bagg married the eldest daughter of the 
 late Robert Mitcheson, of Monteith House, Philadelphia, a native of Durham, 
 England. 
 
 As early as the Rebellion of 1838, Mr. Bagg’s ever thorough loyalty to the 
 Crown was evinced, when he volunteered as Ensign, and was at St. Eustaehe, 
 subsequently rising in the service to the rank of a Captain of Cavalry. 
 
 He was also an honorary member of the Montreal Field Battery of Artillery and 
 the Hochelaga Light Infantry ; but in 1859, by his own request, was placed on the 
 unattached list with a view to future service in the Active force. 
 
 He was appointed one of Her Majesty’s Justices for Montreal in 1859, and for 
 a time performed judicial duties. In January, 1865, a large deputation, consisting of 
 seven representatives from each ward in the city, waited on him to solicit his 
 acceptance of the position of Mayor, which he declined. He also invariably refused 
 to participate in politics, or to accept a seat in Parliament ; but took great interest 
 in the Benevolent, Literary, and Scientific Societies of Montreal, having being one 
 of the founders of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society, in which he continued 
 to take great interest until the time of his death, and of which he was President. 
 
 When the publication of the journal was first suggested, he entered most heartily 
 into the project, and was unanimously placed upon the editorial staff; and a more 
 pleasant and genial companion in editorial labors could not have been selected. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 3 01 
 
 The local press was largely indebted to his pen, and many of our readers are 
 acquainted with Mr. Bagg’s Numismatic and Archaeological Treatises ; but we can- 
 not refrain from giving the titles of some of his most able productions, which have all 
 been warmly noticed by the press of England and America: i. “ Notes o?i Coins?' 
 
 2. “ Coins and Medals as aids to the Study and Verification of Holy Writ.” 3, 
 
 “ A Chronological Numismatic Compendium of the Twelve Ccesars , etc.” 4. 
 
 “ Archceologia A mericana." 5. “ Canadian Archceology." 6. “ Tadousac” 7. “ The 
 Antiquities and Legends of Durham He was also one of the founders and the 
 first President of the English Workingmen’s Benefit Society, which has been of 
 incalculable value to the families of the hundreds of members who were induced to 
 join through his instrumentality and patronage. In addition to the societies just 
 named, Mr. Bagg belonged to other literary, scientific, national, religious, and 
 charitable associations, being Life Governor of the Protestant House of Industry 
 and Refuge, Vice-President of the Montreal Dispensary, and a Life Member of the 
 following Societies : The Cathedral Young Men’s Christian Association, the British 
 Association for the Advancement of Science, the Numismatic Societies of London and 
 Philadelphia, the Natural History Society of Montreal, the Horticultural and 
 Agricultural Society, the Mechanics’ Institute, and a Corresponding Member of the 
 State Historical Society of Wisconsin, U. S. 
 
 Surrounded by all the members of his family, except his only son, who was 
 absent in Europe, and by clergy and friends, he died on the 8th of August, 1873, at 
 his residence, Fairmount Villa, Sherbrooke Street. The funeral was attended by a 
 very large number of citizens. 
 
 We are glad to append here what is recorded of Mr. Bagg in the “ Histoire de 
 la Litterature Canadienne,” printed in 1874 : “ M. Bagg a rendu, comme on le voit, 
 de grands services a la science en Canada. Les connaissances g<§ologiques de notre 
 sol ne font que commencer a percer; c’est une etude neuve encore pour nous. Nous 
 ne pouvons que gagner en gtudiant des couches de notre terrain et la composition de 
 nos terres. 
 
 “ Les travaux de Logan, Dawson, Hunt, Billings, Bagg, et de quelques autres 
 encore, ont d£blay6 en partie la route, mais le champ qui nous est ouvert est encore 
 vaste et spacieux ; entrons y courageusement, et bientot la g6ologie et l’archeologie 
 seront en Canada sur le mdme pied que l’histoire.” 
 
 ANDREW ROBERTSON 
 
 Was a Scotchman by birth, having been born in Paisley, Scotland, on the 18th June, 
 1827. He was the eldest and only son of the late Alexander Robertson, of Paisley, by 
 his first wife, Grant Stuart Macdonald. Mr. Robertson received his education at the 
 Paisley Grammar School, going through the usual curriculum of English, Latin and 
 Greek. Shortly after leaving school, like the majority of Scotch boys, he learned a 
 trade, that of weaving. He went, in 1840, to Glasgow to push his fortune. Here 
 he served for four years in a dry goods store, and then took a position in a manufac- 
 
302 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 turer’s establishment. In this new position he worked hard, and having gained the 
 confidence of his employers, he was four years afterwards, in 1848, admitted a partner 
 in the business. A few years later on, his health having given way, he was admonished 
 by his medical adviser to leave Glasgow, and try the effects of either the climate of 
 Australia or Canada on his enfeebled constitution. He decided on the latter country, 
 and along with his wife and two sons came to Monti eal in 1853. Shortly after his 
 arrival he went into the dry goods business, and soon became one of the leading men 
 in the trade, as senior partner in the firm of Robertsons, Linton & Co., of that city. 
 Business having succeeded, Mr. Robertson was enabled to retire from it in 1885, and 
 afterwards enjoyed other and perhaps more c mgenial pursuits. Being a public- 
 spirited gentleman, he never shirked his lesponsibilities as a citizen. In 1868 and 
 1869, he accepted the position of President of St. Andrew’s Society of Montreal; 
 in 1876, he was President of the Dominion Board of Trade ; in 1876 and 1877, he was 
 President of the Montreal Board of Trade ; was the first President of the Dominion 
 Travellers’ A ssociation ; was the President of the Royal Canadian Insurance 
 Company since 1876 ; and President of the Bell Telephone Company of Canada since 
 its organization in 1880. In 1872, Mr. Robeitson became one of the Governors of 
 the Montreal General Hospital, and since that period has filled the offices of Treasurer, 
 Vice-President, and President. In 1879, he was elected Chairman of the Board of 
 Harbor Commissioners for Montreal, and he occupied that position to his death. 
 He also took an interest in military affairs, and in 1861, during the “Trent” 
 excitement, he was First Lieutenant and Quartermaster of the Montreal Light Infantry 
 Company. Mr. Robertson was an adherent of the Presbyterian Church ; and as for 
 politics, we think he would rather act the part of the Good Samaritan than indulge in 
 political discussions. He was married on the 19th April, 1850, to Agnes, youngest 
 daughter of the late Alexander Bow, of Glasgow, and died a few years ago. 
 
 DENNIS BARRY, B.C.L., 
 
 Takes rank among the most distinguished Irishmen of Montreal. Born in the City 
 of Cork in the year 1835, he, early in life, emigrated from Ireland to America with 
 his father, James Barry, who is still living at Rockwood, Ont. Mr. Barry began his 
 education at the common school and continued his studies at Rockwood Academy. 
 Subsequently he went through a classical course at Regiopolis College, Kingston, 
 Ont. Studied Theology for some time at the Grand Seminary and at Laval University, 
 and Law at McGill University, where he graduated as B.C.L. Entered the volunteer 
 service of Canada as Lieutenant in the St. Jean Baptiste Company, Montreal, M. W. 
 Kirwan, Captain, in 1877; was promoted to the captaincy of the same company 
 and remained in command thereof till the corps was merged in the 85th Battalion, 
 when he retired ; went through the Military School, Montreal, and obtained the 
 certificate that entitled him to his rank. Has been President of St. Patrick’s Society 
 of Montreal for four years consecutively. Is Past-President of the Young Mens 
 Reform Club of Montreal. Has taken an active part in political contests, both Pro- 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 303 
 
 vincial and Federal ; also in Municipal affairs, having been an unsuccessful candidate 
 for Alderman in St. Ann’s Ward, Montreal, in 1882. Since his adoption of the pro- 
 fession of the Law, Mr. Barry has resided at Montreal, where he has achieved a very 
 high position. He was particularly noted as a nisi prius practitioner, and con- 
 ducted a large number of famous cases successfully. As a speaker, Mr. Barry is not 
 surpassed at a Bar distinguished for the oratorical abilities of its members, while, in 
 his addresses before popular audiences, he comes up to the best standard of the times. 
 He married, in 1869, Kathleen, daughter of the late Michael Morgan, merchant, of 
 Sorel, P.Q. A year or two ago he was raised to the position of one of the Stipendiary 
 Magistrates of Montreal, which onerous occupation he fills with every mark of 
 approbation of the public, and his decisions in the Court are rarely appealed against. 
 
 ANDREW FREDERICK GAULT. 
 
 “ In every branch of business and in every profession throughout the world there are 
 always some men who, by natural force of character, conspicuous ability, or marked 
 individuality, reach and maintain a commanding position. Foremost among the 
 merchant princes of Canada stands the name of A. F. Gault, senior member of the 
 firm of Gault Bros. & Co., wholesale dry goods, Montreal. Few men in this country 
 are more widely known, or exercise a more powerful influence in commercial circles 
 than Mr. Gault. He was born in a village near Strabane, Ireland, in 1833, and 
 arrived in Montreal when in his boyhood. There he attended the High School for 
 a short while and afterwards was employed in a wholesale clothing house. In 1854, 
 when comparatively a young man, he started in the wholesale dry goods business 
 in partnership with the late Mr. J. B. Stevenson, under the name of Gault, Steven- 
 son & Co. After a few years the firm dissolved partnership and Mr. Gault was 
 joined by his brother, Robert L., the firm’s name being changed to Gault Bros. 
 Shortly after Mr. Samuel Finley, a brother-in-law, was admitted to partnership, and 
 the name was changed to Gault Bros. & Co., under which it has been in existence 
 for about thirty years. Mr. Finley retired about five years ago, and Messrs. R. W. 
 MacDougali and Leslie H. Gault were admitted. Such in brief is a history of the 
 firm from its inception to the present time. 
 
 Mr. Gault has been practically the leading spirit in promoting the cotton indus- 
 tries of this country, and the present advanced stage of our cotton manufacturing is 
 very largely due to his business enterprise, energy and sagacity. He has always 
 taken a lively interest in that industry, believing that a great future is in store for it. 
 He is, at present, probably the largest holder of cotton stock in the country, and 
 during the last few years his attention has naturally been more devoted to that branch 
 of his business. He is President of the Dominion Cotton Mills Company, which has a 
 capital stock of $5,000,000. The mills owned by this company are the Hochelaga and 
 St. Anne’s Mills, Montreal; the Cotton Mills at Magog, Coaticook, and Chambly, P.Q., 
 the Craven Cotton Company of Brantford, Ont. ; Kingston Cotton Company, Kings- 
 ton, Ont.; Moncton Cotton Company, Moncton, N.B. ; Nova Scotia Cotton Com- 
 pany, Halifax, N.S. ; and the Windsor Cotton Company, Windsor, N.S. Besides 
 
GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL. 
 
 304 
 
 this he is President of the Montreal Cotton Company of Valleyfield, Que. ; of the 
 Stormont Cotton Company of Cornwall ; of the Montmorenci Cotton Manufacturing 
 Company, Que. ; of the Globe Woolle 1 Mills Company, Montreal ; of the Trent 
 Valley Woollen Manufacturing Company of Campbellford, Ont. 
 
 Notwithstanding this tremendous responsibility his restless activity and unceas- 
 ing energy enable him to give a portion of his time to other matters. He is a Direc 
 tor of the City and District Savings Bank, and the Liverpool, London and Globe 
 Insurance Company, and is also connected with all the leading benevolent societies, 
 in which he has always taken a deep and practical interest. In educational matters 
 he has always taken a prominent part, being one of the Governors of McGill College. 
 It is largely due to his beneficence that the Montreal Diocesan College owes Us 
 existence, as the college building was presented by him to the Lord Bishop of Mon- 
 treal some years ago. He is one of the leading members, if not admittedly the lead- 
 in a member, of the Church of England in Montreal, and was once treasurer of the 
 Synod. He has never sought municipal or political honors, but has more than once 
 been the choice of the Liberal Conservative Party as their standard bearer for Mon- 
 treal West, but has always declined the honor. He has also been the unanimous 
 choice of the citizens for Mayor, but declined that honor also. His residence on 
 Sherbrooke street is one of the finest in the city, and is looked upon as one of the 
 principal sights of Canada’s commercial centre. Perhaps one of the most prominent 
 features of his character, and which has in no small degree contributed to his excep- 
 tionally marked success, is a capacity for viewing the most complicated or most 
 exciting of business matters with a calm and philosophic spirit. His callers are 
 numerous, and although, owing to the multiplicity of his duties, his time is most 
 valuable, he is always the genial and courteous gentleman, ready to listen but quick 
 to decide. It is unnecessary to say that he is esteemed by all classes in his adopted 
 city, and no man occupies a more honored place in the regard of Canadian business 
 
 men than he does.” 
 
 M. H. GAULT. 
 
 The Gaults came from Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland. His father was Leslie 
 Gault, and his mother Mary Hamilton, Terra House, Donegal. Matthew was twenty- 
 one when he came to Canada, and settled in Montreal, where he engaged m the 
 Insurance business. lie was for some years connected with the British American 
 Assurance Company, the Royal Insurance Company, and the Mutual Life Insurance 
 Company of New York. He was interested in many industries, and at one time 
 was President of the Montreal Loan and Mortgage Company, Vice-President of the 
 Sun Insurance Company, and the Montreal Mining Company. He was a Director 
 of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, the Windsor Hotel Company, 
 
 and the Hochelega Cotton Company, etc. He was one of the founders of the Irish Pro- 
 testant Benevolent Society, and took an active partin the Volunteer movement. In 
 1878, he was elected M. P. for Montreal West, and continued so to the day of his 
 death, which occurred some years ago. He married the only daughter of the late 
 George Browne, of Montreal, in 1854. 
 

HON. JUDGE DRUMMOND. 
 
 r\ 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 3°5 
 
 HON. JUDGE DRUMMOND. 
 
 Lewis Thomas Drummond, late Judge of the Court of Appeals, and some time Attor- 
 ney General for Lower Canada, was one of the most prominent Catholic Irishmen in 
 Canada. Born in 1813, at Coleraine, where he was well grounded in English and 
 Mathematics, he was, at the age of twelve, while crossing the Atlantic, entrusted with 
 some responsible calculations of the ship’s course by the captain, who was too unwell 
 to work out the figures himself. At fourteen, having learned French in the interval, 
 he was sent to the Canadian Seminary of Nicolet, near Three Rivers. There he was 
 the first to introduce and keep up, in spite of ridicule, the current Parisian pronun- 
 ciation instead of the antiquated Louis XIV. style, which still prevails in some of the 
 French Canadian Colleges. 
 
 In 1836, he was called to the Bar. So great had been his reputation as a Law 
 student, that in his first term he was employed on sixty different cases. Soon after, 
 he defended the Rebels of i 837 ~ 3 ^ with most brilliant success, and yet without 
 in any way departing from loyalty to the Crown. 
 
 He was, in his day, considered the best criminal lawyer in the Province of 
 Quebec. And in one famous murder trial, it was curious to note that he, an Irish- 
 man, counsel for the defence, and the present Judge Johnson, now Sir Francis John- 
 son, an Englishman, Crown Prosecutor, both held the crowded Court House 
 entranced with the charm of their French speeches. For some sixteen years, ending 
 with 1863, Mr. Drummond was a member of the Canadian Legislative Assembly. 
 His political adversaries were pleased to qualify his eloquence with the epithet 
 “ theatrical ” ; but they were forced to own that this perhaps excessive brilliancy 
 adorned depth of thought, breadth of view, great powers of organization, and perfect 
 unselfishness. These latter qualities were particularly shown in the way in which, as 
 Attorney General, he carried the Seigniorial Tenure Bill against determined opposi- 
 tion, and in spite of the fact that this very Bill, while sweeping away the abuses then 
 attaching to all the Canadian sei^neuries, cut down the fortunes of his nearest and 
 dearest relatives and friends. 
 
 At the time when so-called wise men seriously entertained the project of fortify- 
 ing a country which is all frontier, he won for himself th z sobriquet of “ no armament 
 Drummond, because he had said in the House in his antithetic way : <• The best 
 armament for Canada is no armament at all.” When asked how much preparation 
 he had given to an exhaustive speech of several hours on a vital commercial question, 
 he answered : “ Remote preparation, eighteen years ; proximate, half an hour.” 
 
 In 1864, he was raised to the Bench as a Puisne Judge of the Court of Queen's 
 Bench. The lucidity and wisdom of his judgments, together with the clear, cogent 
 earnestness of his charge in the Criminal Court, are matters of Canadian history ; his 
 decision in the “ Lamirande Extradition Case” is known to jurists who have never 
 seen the banks of the St. Lawrence. 
 
 Worn out by the immense labors of his youth — when already in the forefront of 
 
 20 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 306 
 
 his profession he looked so young that strangers took him for a mere boy— and by 
 exposure in all weathers on the hustings, he spent the last years of his life in retire- 
 ment in the society of a few kindred spirits who delighted in drawing him out on his 
 reminiscences of the Bar and of Parliament. Like most good talkers, he could give 
 you plenty of humorous and grave sayings of his own. though he d.d not fail keenly 
 
 to appreciate wit and wisdom in others. . 
 
 While ever able to silence the wrongdoer with the keenest irony and satire, he 
 was the kindliest and most forgiving of men. He was too open-handed and gener- 
 ous in the management of other people’s affairs to take any successful interest in his 
 own But in his closing years he found especial interest in directing, as its Pres.dent, 
 a Conference of St. Vincent de Paul almost exclusively composed of small trades- 
 people and workmen. . , .... 
 
 As to his devotedness to Ireland, Maguire 111 his Irish in America (p. 90) tells 
 us how he gave to Irishmen in Montreal a social status from which they had been up 
 to his time debarred. Others might tell how he helped to link together in public life 
 two interests which ought never to be parted, and which in his private life he had 
 knit indissolubly into one— the interests of Irish and French Canadian Catholics. 
 He was just and merciful to his fellow men ; we have firm hope that he now enjoys 
 the reward of the just from the hand of our merciful God. 
 
 He died on the 20th November, 1882. His son, the Rev. Abb* Drummond, is 
 at present the esteemed Rector of St. Mary’s College (Jesuits), and under his able 
 management the affairs of that Institution will, no doubt, flourish more than they 
 have ever done. The portrait of the Judge is from an old photograph in the Abb* s 
 possession. 
 
 E. P. LACHAPELLE, M.D. 
 
 Born at Sault-au-Recollet on the 21st December, 1845. he was educated at the 
 Montreal College, and his medical studies being finished in the Medical and Surgical 
 School, he was admitted to practice in 1869. In 1872, he was appointed Surgeon to 
 the 65th Battalion, and remained so till 1886. In 1876, he was elected a Governor of 
 the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec. He was one ol 
 the founders of Notre Dame Hospital. In 1884, he, together with his friends, organ- 
 ized a grand Kermesse in aid of Notre Dame Hospital which realized the handsome 
 sum of $15,000. When the establishment of Laval University Branch in Montreal was 
 decided upon, Dr. Lachapelle became one of its most ardent supporters, and con- 
 tributed much to its accomplishment. In journalism, he is favorably known, having 
 been the Editor and Proprietor of L' Union Medicate from 1876 to 1882. He is a 
 Doctor both of Laval and Victoria Universities, and one of the Professors of Laval; 
 also a member of the “ Soci*t* Frangais d’Hygi*ne ” of Paris, France. Still a young 
 man, he is identified with all the national, scientific and political movements of the 
 day, and has great influence with the public at large. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 307 
 
 SIR FRANCIS HINCKS, C.B. 
 
 Sir Francis Hincrs was the youngest son of the late Rev, Dr. Hincks, Professor 
 of Oriental Languages in the Royal Belfast Institution, and was brother of the late 
 Rev. Ed. Hincks, D.D., rector of Killyleagh, who is well known by his writings on 
 subjects connected with Egyptian, Persian and Assyrian antiquities and archaeology. 
 
 Sir Francis was born in the City of Cork, 14th December, 1807, an< ^ educated 
 at the Belfast Institution. In 1832, he married Martha Anne, the daughter of Alex. 
 Stewart, Esq., of Ligoniel near Belfast. He visited the United States and Canada 
 in 1830, and next year commenced business in Toronto. In 1839, founded the 
 I oronto Examine?', which he edited for several years. In 1844, he removed to 
 Montreal and founded the old well-known paper The Pilot , and was for many years 
 the chief political writer. At the first General Election after the Union of the two 
 Canadas, Sir Francis was returned for the County of Oxford, and in next year was 
 appointed Inspector General of Public Accounts in the Baldwin-Lafontaine Admin- 
 istration. From this date he continued to sit in the Assembly till 1858. Previous 
 to this last date, from October, 1851, to September, 1854, in the Hincks-Morin 
 Administration, he was the Leader of the Government. He visited Washington on 
 several occasions to confer with the British Minister there on the subject of commer- 
 cial intercourse between Canada and the United States. He was elected by Lord 
 Elgin to accompany him as representative of Canada when he negotiated the Reci- 
 procity Treaty in 1854. He was also a delegate to the Maritime Provinces in 1862 
 on the subject of the Intercolonial Railway, and in the same year was a delegate to 
 the Imperial Government to urge the repeal of the Clergy Reserve Act and the grant 
 of a guarantee for the Intercolonial Railway, during which visit he made the pre- 
 liminary arrangements with Messrs. Peto, Brassey, Betts and Jackson, which resulted 
 in the construction of the Grand Trunk Railway by English capitalists. 
 
 He retired from office in 1854, and the next year had the high honor conferred 
 on him of being appointed by the Imperial Government to the Governorship of the 
 Windward Isles, West Indies, where he continued till 1862, when he again had the 
 high honor of being appointed the Governor of British Guinea, South America, where 
 he remained until A.D. 1869. During his Governorship of those two Colonies of the 
 British Empire he received many proofs of the approval of the Home Authorities, 
 among which are these two distinctions : in 1862 he was created a Companion of the 
 Order of the Bath (civil), and in 1869 a Knight Commander of the Order of St. 
 Michael and St. George. 
 
 Visiting Canada in 1869, he consented to accept office in the Rose Government, 
 then in power, and was sworn of the Privy Council of Canada and appointed 
 Minister of Finance for the Dominion, 9th October, 1869, which office he continued 
 to hold till his resignation in February, 1873. 
 
 On the return of Sir Francis to Canada after a lapse of nearly fifteen years he 
 was hailed by all classes of the people. 
 

 3c g -GAZETTEER ok MONTREAL. 
 
 Venerable in appearance, and loaded with Imperial honors, well might Canada 
 claim her son as the first on whom the Robes of a Governorship of a British Colony 
 had been placed, and like the Hero of Kars in the neighboring Province raised to 
 one of the highest positions a sovereign can exalt a subject — kneeling at his 
 sovereign’s feet, and rising as Sir Francis Hincks. 
 
 His political career may be shortly expressed thus : First returned to Parliament 
 at General Elections, 1841, for Oxford County in Canadian Assembly, when he was 
 defeated in 1844. Returned again for same county, 1847 ; again in 1851, and also 
 for Niagara, but elected to sit for Oxford. Returned for Renfrew, .854, and retired 
 in 1855, when appointed Governor of the Windward Islands. On again accepting 
 office returned in 1869 for North Renfrew, which he represented till close of Parliament. 
 Returned for Vancouver at the General Flections of 1871. He was President of the 
 Confederation Life Insurance Co. of Canada, and a member of Council of Royal 
 Colonial Institute, London, England. He was also the author of various pamphlets 
 on public affairs. Was President of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society for 1874- 
 He was also President of the City Bank. His death was very melancholy. During 
 the epidemic of Small-Pox, he was seized, and dying in a few days, was buried at 
 once without any funeral or parade. Sic transit gloria inundi. 
 
 DRUMMOND, McCALL CO. 
 
 The merchant department of the firm of Drummond, McCall & Co. was established 
 by Geo. E. Drummond and James T. McCall in July, 1881, Mr. Thos. J. Drummond 
 being admitted a partner two years later. For several years after starting business the 
 firm confined its operations to an importing business principally of Scotch and English 
 pig iron and heavy metals. Their business increased steadily until in this depart- 
 ment they to-day have customers in almost every village and town from St. John to 
 Vancouver, as well as a considerable trade in the Western United States. I heir 
 connection with the Iron Trade of Great Britain is and always has been exceptionally 
 good. Among the British firms, the sale of whose products they control in the 
 Canadian and Western United States market, may be mentioned : 
 
 Messrs. William Dixon, Ltd., Glasgow, makers of “ Calder ” and “ Govan ” pig 
 
 iron. c « 
 
 The Summerlee & Mossend Iron and Steel Co., Glasgow, makers of "81101- 
 
 merlee ” pig iron and “ Mossend ” steel. 
 
 Fred. Braby & Co., Ltd., London, Liverpool and Glasgow. 
 
 Seebohm & Dieckstahl, Dannemora Steel Works, Sheffield. 
 
 James Eadie & Sons, Rutherglen, Scotland, makers of boiler tubes, etc. 
 
 The establishment of the National Policy, in 1885, led the firm to turn then- 
 attention to manufacturing, and they decided to take a hand in building up the 
 natural industries of their country. Their first steps in this direction was the estab- 
 lishment of the Montreal Car Weel Co., with extensive Works at Lachine, Que, In 
 this enterprise the firm associated with themselves Mr. P. H. Griffin of Buffalo, N.Y., 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 309 
 
 I resident of the New York Car Wheel Works, and probably the foremost expert on 
 Chilled Car Wheel making in America. The quality of the wheels produced at 
 Lachine is amply attested by the fact that they are now in daily use on the following 
 loads : Canadian Pacific Ry., Intercolonial Ry., Kingston & Pembroke Ry., Canada 
 Atlantic Ry., Quebec and Lake St. John Ry., Canada Eastern Ry., Pontiac Pacific 
 Ry., Napanee and Tamworth Ry., Rathbun Lines, Montreal and Western Ry., 
 Ottawa and Gatineau Ry., Prince Edward Island Ry. and Quebec, Montmorency 
 and Charlevoix Ry. 
 
 I he “ Machined ” wheel (absolutely mechanically correct) made by the Mon- 
 treal Car Wheel Co. as a specialty, is now finding a large sale, and it is safe to 
 predict that in time its undoubted merits will lead railroad men to discard the rough 
 unfinished wheel hitherto used in freight and passenger service and replace it with 
 “ Machined wheels. The Montreal Car Wheel Co. tram wheels are finding a 
 market in Scotland and England, where their peculiar excellence is much appreciated. 
 This speaks well for the future of Canadian manufactures. 
 
 I he success attained in the minufacture of car wheels led Messrs. Drum- 
 mond, McCall & Co. and their associates to investigate into the possibility of estab- 
 lishing in Canada a plant for the manufacture of their raw material, viz., charcoal 
 pig iron from native ores. Investigation led to action, and in 1889 the firm, to- 
 gether with a few American and English capitalists, formed the Canada Iron 
 Furnace Co., Ltd., under Charter of the Dominion of Canada, and purchased from 
 the Estate of the late G. B. Hall the celebrated Radnor Forges of the Three Rivers 
 District, together with the village of Fermont (now peopled by the workmen of the 
 Company), Lac a-la-Tortue (one of the largest lake ore deposits in the world), and 
 some fifty thousand acres of bog ore rights in the district of Three Rivers, County 
 of St. Maurice, Champlain, Gentilly, etc., etc. 
 
 In addition to this the Company purchased considerable property at Grandes 
 Piles, the terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway Grandes Piles Line, together 
 with the great water power at the point, and also acquired wheel foundry property 
 and wharf at Three Rivers, the latter to be utilized for shipping purposes. 
 
 For the past two years the Company has operated the old stone stack at Radnor 
 Forges in an experimental manner, seeking to thoroughly establish, by careful tests 
 made at their own wheel works and elsewhere, the quality of the charcoal iron pro- 
 duced from the bog and lake ores of the Three Rivers District. These tests have 
 been eminently satisfactory, and have proved the peculiar excellence of the iron. 
 Castings have been produced of greater strength than could be procured from Amer- 
 ican charcoal iron of the very highest quality, not even excepting the world famous 
 Salisbury charcoal iron of the United States. The question of quality thoroughly 
 established, the work of building and equipping a new furnace (modern in every 
 way) was commenced, and to-day the work of construction is so far progressed that 
 ere long Canada will have, for the first time m her history, a charcoal furnace of 
 modern design and of such capacity as will allow of native charcoal iron competing 
 with the American product for the home market. 
 
GAZETTEER CF MONTREAL. 
 
 310 
 
 It is to be hoped that Canadian founders will extend to this native industry a 
 hearty support, and that Canadians generally will appreciate and aid the effort that 
 is being made to establish the charcoal iron industry within their borders. When it 
 is considered that almost seven-eighths of the actual cost of pig iron is spent in labor, 
 the importance of establishing and fostering in Canada such an industry as the one 
 
 in question will be patent to everyone. ,. n 
 
 Aside from the above-mentioned enterprises established by the him, the Drum- 
 mond-McCall Pipe Foundry Co. has lately been formed (under Dominion Charter) 
 for the purpose of manufacturing water and gas pipe. The works aie located at 
 Lachine, immediately adjoining the Car Wheel Foundry. The capacity of the P.pe 
 Works will be some fifty tons of iron pipe (of all dimensions) per day. 1 he latest 
 pattern and inventions have been adopted in the equipment of the shop, and it will 
 compare favorably with the best Pipe Foundries of the United States. 
 
 HON. FRANCOIS GEORGE BABY, 
 
 PuiSNt Tud-re of the Court of Queen’s Bench, is descended from one of the oldest 
 French families on this Continent. Its first Canadian representative was Jacques 
 Baby de Rainville, an officer in the celebrated regiment of Caiignan-Salheres, who 
 first settled in what is now the Province of Quebec more than two hundred years ago. 
 Various descendants of the Seigneur de Rainville have figured conspicuously in 
 Canadian history, and some of them have rendered distinguished services to the 
 State. At the present day the family is creditably represented in every province of 
 the Dominion. The paternal grandfather of Judge Baby was the Hon. I rangois 
 Baby, an Executive and Legislative Councillor and Adjutant-General for the Pro- 
 vince of Quebec. His father, the late Mr. Joseph Baby, was also a well-known 
 member of Parliament, who early in life married Miss Caroline Guy, daughter o 
 Hon. Louis Guy, King’s Notary, and a Legislative Councillor of the old Province of 
 Quebec. Judge Baby was born in Montreal, August 26th, 1834. After some time 
 spent in St‘. Sulpice College, where he diligently prosecuted his classical studies, Mr. 
 Baby finished his education at the College of Joliette. Here he soon made a name 
 for himself as a student of good attainments, and succeeded m carrying off the higher 
 prizes in the various departments of learning. At the conclusion of his Cc lege 
 career he chose the profession which peculiarly suited the bent of his mind, and set 
 himself vigorously to the study of the Law. When twenty-three years of age he was 
 called to the Bar of Lower Canada. In 1873, he was created a Queen’s Counsel, an 
 honor which attested the quality of his legal acquirements. For several years he was 
 a clerk in the Civil Service of Canada, a position which provided him with the means 
 of gathering a vast amount of information which has since proved most valuable to 
 him. For several years he was Mayor of Joliette, and is one of the founders and 
 most active members of the Montreal Antiquarian and Numismatic Society, and an 
 honorary member of “ L’lnstitut Canadien,” of Quebec. In July, 1873, he married 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 311 
 
 Marie Helene Adelaide Berthelet, daughter of the late Dr. Berthelet. His political 
 career dates back from 1867, when he ran for the Commons for the County of 
 Joliette, when he was defeated. In 1872, however, he was more successful, being 
 returned by acclamation. He seconded the reply to the address at the second 
 session of Parliament, October 27th, 1873, that famous short session, which opened 
 on October 23rd, and rose from its labors on November 7th. The address was 
 rejected in the Lower House, but adopted as it stood in the Senate. The MacDon- 
 ald Administration resigned without allowing the question at issue to come to a vote. 
 Mr. Mackenzie formed a Government, and an appeal was made to the country in 
 1874. Mr. Baby was re-elected by his constituency, but was unseated on petition 
 on October 28th. On December 10th he was again returned, and also in 1878, and 
 on his taking office as Minister of Inland Revenue on October 26th, of the same year 
 he was entertained at a public banquet at Joliette. He was a ready and effective 
 debater and an efficient departmental officer. In 1880 he was raised to the Court 
 of Queen’s Bench, his present position. 
 
 Judge Baby is well known as President of the Montreal Historical Society, and 
 is foremost in many of our Societies. The Author has to thank him for several inter- 
 esting points found in this book. His last public act was as one of the Royal Com- 
 missioners appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec to inquire into alleged 
 irregularities in connection with a certain railway of the Province 
 
 WILLIAM NOTMAN. 
 
 “ By the death of William Notman, which occurred at his residence, 557 Sher- 
 brooke street, Montreal has lost one of her distinguished citizens. He was born in 
 Paisley, Scotland, on the 8th of March, 1826, and came to Montreal in 1856, when 
 he went into the dry goods business of Messrs. Ogilvy, Lewis & Co. He had pre- 
 viously been an amateur photographer, fond of the art, and full of enthusiasm for it. 
 Soon he determined to make it his profession, and he began in a small way, his 
 modest gallery being at that time but little known. It was not long, however, until 
 he had achieved great local distinction as an artist in photography, and soon the 
 fame of Nottnan’s photographs spread over Canada, to the United States, and even to 
 Great Britain and the Continent. How artistically photographic pictures were grouped 
 need not be here described. Mr. Notman was singularly modest and unobtrusive, paid 
 close attention to his business, but was well informed in the events of the day, and 
 quick to note their trend. He had a good deal of the thoughtful deliberation of the 
 Scotsman, without reaching the point known as ‘ canny,’ and was always cheerful 
 in conversation. In his opinions he was decided, and even tenacious, but only after 
 he had thoughtfully considered matters. Like many Paisley men, he put lair play 
 uppermost. Attention to business was his ruling characteristic. He refused to take 
 rest, insisting upon going to his establishment, even after the cold, which fastened, as 
 it proved, fatally upon him, had progressed considerably.” 
 
312 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 The firm of Notman & Son has two branches in Boston, one in New York, 
 one in Halifax, and one in the Windsor Hotel, Montreal, his Bleury street establish- 
 ment being the parent house. Nearly every distinguished stranger that has ever 
 visited Montreal patronized Notman’*, and his galleries of pictures form of themselves 
 a most pleasant feature of our city. While deeply engaged in his own business, Mr. 
 Notman was public spirited, too, and was a leading factor in building the Windsor 
 Hotel. He was a member of the first Windsor Syndicate. He was also active in 
 securing the city an Art Gallery, which profitted from his efforts. To say that Mr. 
 Notman was highly respected is not necessary in this community. Those acquainted 
 with him cannot but feel that his death is the loss to our city of a man great in his 
 profession. He leaves three sons and two daughters, one of the latter being Mrs. 
 H. M. Belcher. The deceased gentleman was a member of St. Martin’s Church. 
 
 SIR WM. LOGAN. 
 
 The subject of our sketch is one of the very few who in this Biographical 
 Gazetteer are recorded as being born in Montreal. The Mayor, Archbishop Fabre, 
 Hon. Thos. White, the late Sheriff Leblanc, Strachan Bethune, ist Baron of Lon- 
 gueuil, etc., are some of those who can be counted as true Montrealers. 
 
 Sir William was born 20th April, 1798. His grandparents came from Stirling, 
 Scotland. They came to Montreal, about the year 1784, with their only two children, 
 William and Hart. Here he carried on his business as a baker, flourished and 
 bought large tracts of land in the neighborhood of the city, and afierwards we find 
 him settled down at what is now called “ Logan’s Farm.” In 1794? Janet Edward, 
 his niece, arrived from Stirling, and married her cousin William, who had succeeded 
 his father in the business. They had nine children, Sir William being the third 
 eldest. His father sent him to the celebrated school of Dr. Skakel. Afterwards he 
 was sent to the High School of Edinburgh, and then for a year to the University. At 
 eighteen lie went to London, thence to Canada, where he was impressed with his first 
 geological ideas. Afterwards he went to Swansea, in Wales, in 1839, to be the 
 Manager of the Copper Smelting Works, in which his uncle was interested. For 
 seven years he thus continued working at the copper and coal mines, and studying 
 every phase of their formation. In 1841, he visited the coal fields of Pennsylvania and 
 Nova Scotia in connection with the Geological Society of London. Soon after this 
 he was appointed head of the Survey in Canada. In 1851, he had charge of the 
 Canadian Collection, and was well received. He was also Canadian Commissioner at 
 the Paris Exposition in 1853, and was created Knight of the Legion of Honor. 
 Next year he was Knighted by the Queen, and also received the Wollaston Palladium 
 Medal for his pre-eminent services in Geology. He received the honorary degree of 
 D.C.L. from Lennoxville in 1855, and LL.D. in 1856 from McGill. He had also 
 F.R.S.C., given to him in 1851, and R.S.E. in 1861. He was also a member of many 
 of the highest and most important societies, both in Europe and America. He died 
 July 22nd, 1875, ' n Wales, and was buried in the churchyard of Llechryd in that 
 principality. Sir William never married. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 3*3 
 
 ALEXANDER McGIBBON. 
 
 He is a true Montrealer, having been born at Petite Cote, near the city, on the 15th 
 January, 1829. His father came from Perthshire, Scotland, at the commencement of 
 this century. Mr. McGibbon’s early years were passed in agricultural pursuits, but 
 when a mere lad he entered the employ of Mr. Neil McIntosh, then a noted merchant 
 of Montreal. Full of push, he in a few years opened up business for himself, and con- 
 tinued a well-known citizen till at the rebellion of Louis Riel he was offered by the 
 Government and accepted a lucrative position as Quartermaster General and Chief 
 Transport officer of the Alberta field force under General Strange. After the up- 
 rising was over, he was too valuable an officer to lose, so he now fills the position of 
 Inspector of Indian Agencies and Reserves in the North West Territories, his head- 
 quarters being at Regina, the Capital. When he left Montreal for this last post he 
 was entertained by the citizens to a public banquet, a high honor but not the least 
 uncalled for, as Mr. McGibbon had been one of the city’s most prominent men for many 
 years. He was a member of the City Council for some time, President of both the 
 Scotch Societies here, the St. Andrew’s and Caledonian, a Governor of the General 
 Hospital and House of Refuge. In 1869, he was presented by the Minister and 
 Congregation of Knox Church with a splendid testimonial, “ the famous Columbus 
 Clock and marble pedestal.” He married Harriet Davidson, and had a large family 
 of children. The eldest is the well-known advocate, R. D. McGibbon, Q.C. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 3 1 4 
 
 HOLLIS SHOREY, J. P. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born at Barnston, Eastern Townships, Province of 
 Quebec, on the 2nd December, 1823. His father was Samuel PL Shorey, of English 
 descent and a native of the United States, and his mother was Fanny Jones, of Three 
 Rivers. His father had come to Canada at eight years of age. He was educated 
 at Hatley Academy, especially in a commercial course, which has been abundantly 
 shown in the success of his after life. At sixteen he began the world as an appren- 
 tice, but when about twenty years of age, his father died and the responsibility 
 of a large family of brothers and sisters, eight in all, fell entirely on his young 
 shoulders. He began business for himself in Barnston, where he remained for over 
 twenty years. He came to Montreal in 1861, and was at first connected with the 
 firm of Wm. Stephen & Co., at the time when the present Lord Mount Stephen was 
 one of the partners. For six years he was one of the most successful travellers, his 
 field of operation being chiefly throughout the Eastern Townships districts, in which 
 he made friends who continue to this day. At last getting tired of this travelling he 
 determined to begin business for himself. In 1866, he laid the foundation of one of 
 the largest wholesale clothing establishments in the Dominion. After two years he 
 took as partner his son-in-law, E. A. Small, to assist him. After a long partnership 
 of eighteen years, it was dissolved, and Mr. Shorey then associated in his business 
 his two sons, S. O. Shorey and C. L. Shorey, who now attend entirely to the duties 
 of the establishment. 
 
 Mr. Shorey was for over eighteen years a member of the Council of the Board 
 of Trade. He was Chairman of the Citizen’s Committee during the small-pox 
 epidemic, and did splendid work to alleviate the sufferings of the afflicted and remove 
 the causes which produced the disease. He was elected an Alderman for the St. 
 Antoine Ward in 1890, and has been Acting Mayor during his incumbency. He is 
 President of the Montreal Improvement Association ; is Vice-President of the Sani- 
 tary Association, and also a member of the Civic Board of Health. He is a Governor 
 of the General Hospital and also of the Women’s Hospital, a Director of the Dis- 
 pensary, and also a Director of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
 Animals. He was made a Justice of the Peace in 1887. 
 
 He married, in 1844, Miss Fanny Wheeler, of Barnston, who died in 1850. In 
 1851, he married Miss Clara Gilson, of Vermont, U.S. He has two sons and two 
 daughters. They are all grown up to man’s estate and married, and he has no less 
 than fifteen grandchildren. Mr. Shorey exemplifies, that a man with determination 
 and energy is sure to succeed, that “just and righteous dealing ” will always bring 
 its own reward, and that a sober and industrious youth will always result in a happy 
 old age. 
 
\ \ 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 3*5 
 
 HENRY R. GRAY 
 
 Was born December 30, 1838, at Boston, Lincolnshire, England. Educated at 
 “ Standard Hill,” the head master of which was William Goodacre, the well-known 
 author of “ Goodacre’s Arithmetic.” Afterwards he was articled under the old inden- 
 ture system for five years to Wm. March, Chemist and Apothecary, Newaik. 
 
 He established his business in Montreal in 1859. The specialties of Mr. Gray’s 
 business are the supplying of public institutions and physicians with drugs, chemical s 
 and. pharmaceutical preparations and the dispensing of physicians preset iptions. 
 
 Mr. Gray has devoted himself during the last twenty years to the study of Sani- 
 tary Science, and particularly to the sanitation of cities, and has been connected 
 with every movement to improve the sanitary condition of Montreal. Mr. Gray was 
 one of the originators of the Pharmaceutical Association of the Province, and after 
 being successively Secretary, Treasurer and Vice-President, w r as elected foi tin ee 
 years in succession President and member of the Board of Examiners. He was 
 also one of the Charter Members of the Montreal College of Pharmacy, and for two 
 years its President. In 1884, Mr. Gray was elected Alderman for the St. Lawrence 
 Ward. Shortly after his election Mr. Gray was elected unanimously by the City 
 Council, Chairman of the Local Board of Health, serving in that very difficult capa- 
 city during the whole of the disastrous epidemic of small-pox which overrun the City 
 and Province in 1885-86. 
 
 In 1885, Mr. Gray succeeded in getting a by-law through the City Council re- 
 quiring the contents of closets and all household refuse to be cremated, and shortly 
 afterwards crematories were erected and a contract for five years’ collection and 
 cremation given out. After having served his term as Alderman for three years, 
 Mr. Gray declined re-election. Shortly afterwards he was appointed by the Govern- 
 ment a Justice of the Peace, and member of the Council of Public Instruction lor 
 the Province of Quebec. 
 
 When the “ Public Health Act ” passed the Legislature shortly after the small- 
 pox epidemic, Mr. Gray, who had in addition to his aldermanic duties been a mem- 
 ber of the old Central Board of Health for the Province, was appointed a member 
 of the new Public Health Board then created, and has remained a member ever 
 since, having been reappointed by the Government of Mr. Mercier at the expiration 
 of his first term of service. 
 
 In 1885, Mr. Gray was elected “ membre honoraire de la Societe d’Hygi£ne 
 Francaise,” of Paris, France. We may add that shortly after his retirement from the 
 City Council, Mr. Gray was asked by a number of leading citizens of all parties and 
 creeds to accept the nomination of Mayor, but owing to business reasons he 
 was obliged to decline. 
 
 
3 1 6 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 EDWARD PEARSON EVANS 
 
 Was born in London, England, March, 1825. In the year 1832 he came to Canada 
 with his parents. His father was a mechanical engineer. Edward was the eldest of 
 the family, and commenced early to work for himself, his first situation being with 
 Joseph Mackay, then doing business in the Place D’Armes ; he next engaged with 
 W. Gemmell, clothier, where he remained for some time. He next removed to 
 Springfield, Massachusetts, where he started business for himself which he continued 
 for two years, but at the end of that time, finding it not as profitable as he wished, 
 he returned to Montreal, where he entered into a partnership with his old employer 
 Mr. Gemmell, which was dissolved some time afterwards, and he then commenced 
 business in his own name in McGill street. In 1853, he bought the property near 
 the corner of St. Peter and St. Paul streets, then known as the Exchange Coffee 
 House, where he erected two large warehouses, one of which he occupied as a 
 wholesale clothing house. In the fall of 1859 he went to England to make his usual 
 purchases, returning along with his wife, who had accompanied him on the trip, in 
 S.S. “ Hungarian ” of the Allan Line. This ill-fated steamer was wrecked off Cape 
 Sable, Nova Scotia, on the morning of the 20th February, i860, when every soul 
 (numbering over 400) found a watery grave. Dy his many sterling qualities, com- 
 bined with strict attention to business, he was enabled to accumulate a handsome 
 competency with which he was always ready to assist those in distress, and many 
 were benefitted by his liberality. 
 
 JAMES SHANKS EVANS 
 
 Was born in Montreal on the 3rd May, 1833. He was a partner of the firm of 
 Edward Evans & Co. at the time of the death of his brother Edward in the ill-fated 
 steamer u Hungarian,’* continuing the business on his own account first in Evans’ 
 Court, then in McGill street, and afterwards in the new premises in St. Henry 
 street. He had by strict attention to business rapidly acquired a fortune ; energetic in 
 his business habits, his real estate operations placed him among the largest of the 
 landed proprietors of the Island of Montreal. 
 
 Mr. Evans’ last real estate operation was the purchase of the magnificent prop- 
 erty in Dorchester street west, and known by the name of Rose Pre, and costing 
 the large sum of $40,000. 
 
 Mr. Evans was an Honorary Director of the Victoria Mutual Insurance Company 
 of Hamilton, and the inventor of the u Hotel Register,” now patented in the 
 United States. 
 
 In 1873, the English Insurance Companies in Montreal entered into a combina- 
 tion to raise their rates of premiums, which action on the part of their offices caused 
 Mr. Evans, himself one of the largest insurers in the city, to suggest the idea of 
 starting a new Company which might break the combination and lower the rate of 
 insurance, hence the existence of the Royal Canadian Insurance Company of 
 Montreal. 
 
 Mr. Evans died a few weeks ago from the universal complaint “ La Grippe, 
 at the age of fifty-nine. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 3*7 
 
 CHURCH OF NOTRE-DAME AND THE SEMINARY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 The first ecclesiastics who came to Canada were four Recollets, brought to Quebec 
 by Champlain, in 1615. They were, the Superior of the Mission, and the Fathers 
 Joseph le Caron, Jean D’Olbeau, and Pacifique Duplessis. Three others, Jesuits, 
 were sent out in 1625, by Henry D. Levis, Duke of Ventadour, and three more were 
 added in the following year. In 1636, there were fifteen Jesuit Missionaries in 
 Canada. Those who settled in Quebec, assisted by the Queen of France, the Duchess 
 of Aiguillon, and other benevolent individuals, formed several establishments in that 
 city and the neighboring country for religious instruction, the relief of the miserable, 
 especially the sick, and the tuition of the young. 
 
 Montreal, which was founded in the year 1642,80011 became the scene of similar 
 operations. The chapel, which was a slight and hasty structure of wood, was by 
 degrees improved and enlarged as the wants of the population required, and was at 
 length succeeded by a more substantial erection of stone in 1672. This stood in what 
 is now called the French Square, or Place d'Armes , and occupied the middle of Notre 
 Dame Street, standing quite across, so as to divide it into two nearly equal parts, 
 and requiring travellers to pass half round the church to proceed from one part to 
 the other. As the inhabitants increased in number, the church, even in its enlarged 
 state, became too small, and the Church of Bonsecours was erected for their accommo- 
 dation. The city continuing to prosper, especially after the Colony became British, 
 further accommodation was needed; and in the year 1824, the present magnificent 
 church was commenced. On the 3rd of September the corner-stone was laid ; and it 
 was so far completed as to admit of being opened for public worship on the 15th of 
 July, 1829, when high mass was performed by the Bishop of Telmesse, and an oration 
 delivered by the Rev. Mr. Quibler. The greater part of the Canadian Roman Catholic 
 Clergy were present, and the solemnity was attended by Sir James Kempt, Adminis- 
 trator, the Staff, Corporation, and other public bodies, and upwards of eight thousand 
 persons. 
 
 The edifice is a chaste specimen of the perpendicular style of Gothic architecture 
 in the middle ages. The length of the church, from east to west, is 264 feet 6 inches, 
 and its breadth from north to south, 144 feet 6 inches. The height of the flank is 61 
 feet from the flagging of the terrace to the eaves. There are six towers, so arranged 
 that each flank presents three, and the east and west ends two each. Those on the 
 principal or west front are 220 feet high. The space between the front towers 
 is 73 feet, by 120 in height, crowned with an embattled parapet. The flanks and east 
 towers are each 115 feet in height. There are five public and thiee private entrances 
 to the first floor, and four to the galleries, so that an audience of ten thousand per- 
 sons, the number for which it is seated, may assemble and disperse in a few minutes 
 without disagreeable pressure. The tower contains the largest bell in America, and 
 weighs 29,400 lbs. 
 
 The eastern window at the high altar is 54 feet in height, and 32 in breadth. It 
 is separated by shafts into five compartments, and subdivided by mullions into 36 
 
I 
 
 3! 8 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 divisions. The windows in the flanks consist of one range, and those in the front 
 are finished in the same style as the eastern window. The portal is formed by an 
 arcade, consisting of three arches, each 19 feet by 48 in height. From this arcade 
 are the entrances to the church; and over it is placed another of the same form in 
 relief, which connects the towers and piers. Between these are trefoil canopy-headed 
 niches, intended for marble statues. It was a part of the original design to have a 
 promenade between the towers 76 feet by 20, elevated 120 feet above the surface of 
 the Place d’Armes, from which the spectator would have a delightful and extensive 
 view of the River St. Lawrence and the surrounding country. The front towers were 
 intended to contain clocks, and bells .are now placed in the towers, and the view 
 from the top is now accessible by safe and easy flights of steps. 
 
 The floor, from the front entrance to the chancel, is a gently inclined plane of 
 three feet in the whole length. There are seven spacious aisles in the same direction, 
 and two crossing them at right angles, one of which leads to the flank doors. The 
 pews are raised six inches above the aisles. There are seven chapels, so placed that 
 all are seen from the front entrance. The high altar is nearly at the extremity of the 
 nave : it is elevated in the chancel 2 feet 6 inches above the floor of the church, and 
 is encompassed on three sides by semicircular seats for the clergy, etc. The front 
 of the chancel is open, and is approached by an easy flight of five steps, in the form 
 of a double semi-reverse. The eastern window, high altar, and choir, are seen from 
 the front door to great advantage, with a perspective view of the side windows, altars, 
 galleries, and the groined ceiling, 80 feet in height. The vaults of the ceiling and 
 galleries are supported in part by a double range of grouped columns, 3 feet 4 inches 
 in diameter : from these spring the groins of the ceiling. The pillars are of wood, 
 and painted in imitation of clouded Italian or American marble. The hue accords 
 with the ceiling; but the effect, though time may improve it, is too glaring, and is 
 evidently inferior to that which stone pillars would have produced. The facings of 
 the gallery trusses, and the greatest portion of the carpenter’s work, are painted in 
 imitation of the oak finishings in the Gothic Cathedrals of Europe. The gallery 
 screens are in moveable pannels, and painted a crimson color : the railing in front 
 of them imitates iron, and produces an agreeable effect. 
 
 There are recesses in the piers, between the windows on the first floor, intended 
 for family monuments, and in the recesses of the windows are placed the confessional 
 screens. Suitable arrangements are made in the interior for all the monuments and 
 paintings that may be wanted; and at the sides of the high altar are places assigned 
 for twelve large historical paintings, which will occupy an admirable light from their 
 position. The organ is placed in the upper gallery over the front entrance; the floor 
 in this part is elastic, and the organ projects six feet beyond the line of galleries. 
 The choir screen is finished in recessed seats for the clergy. The pulpit and canopy 
 are attached to one of the pillars : the access to it is from the first gallery. It 
 resembles in form that in the Gothic Cathedral at Strasburg, in Germany; the high 
 altar resembles in part that of St. Peter’s at Rome. The eastern window was intended 
 to be filled with stained glass. 
 
3'9 
 
 i \ 
 
 v y 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 F. WOLFERSTAN THOMAS 
 
 Was born on the gth January, 1834, at Moorwenston, Cornwall, England. His 
 father was of the same name. Mr. Thomas was educated at King Edward IV’s 
 School, Sherborne, his parents designing him for Holy Orders. His own ambition 
 was the army. Before either could be realized, he came to Canada to engage in 
 farming, and going to Rice Lake to learn practical agriculture, he found the idea not 
 practicable. Failing to do so, he, after some time, received a situation in the Bank 
 of Upper Canada. After a year’s service, he went into the Toronto Branch of the 
 Bank of Montreal, and in 1865 he was appointed Manager of the London Branch. 
 After five years, in 1870, Sir 1 ). L. Macpherson, by the cordial recommendations of 
 E. H. King, ex-President of the Bank of Montreal, gave Mr. Thomas the ofTer of 
 Cashier of Molsons Bank, Montreal. He accepted, and since 1870 has faithfully 
 rendered such services to the Institution that it is now one of the principal Banking 
 Houses in the Dominion. Among the many phases of its increase may be mentioned 
 that the capital has been increased from one to two millions of dollars, and more 
 than fifteen branch offices have been established throughout Canada. There has 
 also been a reserve of $675,000 provided, and the business of the Bank increased 
 sevenfold. Mr. Thomas is a Director of the Canada Life Assurance Company. 
 He is also Vice-President of the McKay Institute for Deaf Mutes, and connected 
 with the General Hospital, the Mount Royal Cemetery Company, and the Verdun 
 Protestant Hospital for the Insane. In 1884, he was appointed Chairman of the 
 Finance Committee when the British Association for the Advancement of Science 
 visited Montreal. He is also a consistent son of the Church of England, ever ready 
 by every means to advance her interests and claims. He married a daughter of Hon. 
 Senator Goodhue. Mr. Thomas is one of our best known and respected citizens. 
 
 CHARLES E. SCHILLER. 
 
 His father was at the Battle of Chateauguay. His grandfather came to this country 
 about 1778 as Surgeon to one of the Hessian Regiments serving in America. Charles 
 was born 17th September, 1819, at Riviere du Loup ( en hauf). After being educated 
 at Benjamin Workman’s Academy, he entered the Court House in 1835 as Clerk, 
 where he remained for fifty-two years, until his death. He assisted at the Jalbert 
 trial during 1837-8, also at the great trial of the St. Alban’s Raiders in 1864, and that 
 of the Fenians in 1866. He was appointed Joint Clerk with Mr. Carter, and, on the 
 latter’s resignation, became sole Clerk. In 1880, Mr. Brehaut was appointed in place 
 of Mr. Carter ; but he died suddenly in 1882, and Mr. Sicotte was named partner. 
 Perhaps Mr. Schiller was the man who possessed the largest amount of criminal 
 knowledge of any person in the Dominion. The only holiday, in fifty years, which 
 he ever took, was one month, when he went on a trip to New Orleans. Mr. Schiller 
 was universally confided in by the Bench and Bar, and both Judges and Advocates 
 placed unbounded confidence in his advice or decisions. He died on the 25th of 
 April, 1887. He left a brother and sister. His sister married M. P. Guy, the oldest 
 notary in Montreal. 
 
 
320 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 CAPTAIN LABELLE 
 
 Was born at Sorel, 27th May, 1836. The first of the family came as a French 
 soldier to Canada, and, after his discharge, settled in the country. He was educated 
 in the Parish School of Sorel ; but soon showed his disposition for the water by sail- 
 ing craft on the St. Lawrence. Thus he became an expert navigator, and afterwards 
 for twenty-five years, commanded the finest steamer of the Richelieu Company 
 between Montreal and Quebec. In 1880, he gave up sailing and received the appoint- 
 ment of Passenger Agent at Montreal for the Q. M. O. & O. Railway. In 1883, he 
 was made General Manager of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company. In 
 1887, he was returned for Richelieu as Member of Parliament, House of Commons 
 Ottawa. His intrepidity on two different occasions can never be forgotten. First 
 at the terrible burning of the steamer “ Montreal,” in 1857, and again during the 
 inundation ot the Island of Sorel in 1865. He died suddenly a year or two ago. 
 
 IION. CHARLES WILSON 
 
 Was the sixth son of the late Alexander Wilson, Esq., Collector of Customs atCoteau 
 du Lac. His mother was a daughter of Captain Monteith d’Aillebout. a gentleman 
 who held a commission in the French Army, but also, after the capitulation of Canada 
 to General Amherst after the death of Wolfe, in 1759, entered the English service 
 instead of returning to France according to the terms of the capitulation. The 
 honorable gentleman was born at Coteau du Lac, April, 1808. In 1838, he married 
 the sister of the late Dr. Tracy of Montreal. He was the head of one of the largest 
 firms in the city engaged in the hardware business, the house having been begun by 
 him in 1834. He was also a Director of the Scottish Provincial Assurance Company. 
 In 1851, he was elected Mayor of Montreal by acclamation when the people received 
 the right of election, and in 1852 and 1853 had again the high honor of being chosen 
 by acclamation to the highest official office of the city. He was created in 1854 a 
 Chevalier Cctnviandeur of the Roman Order of St. Gregory the Great. He sat as 
 a life member of the Legislative Council of Canada from 1852 until the Union of the 
 Provinces in 1867, and in May, 1867, by Royal Proclamation, he was called to the 
 high honor of representing the Rigaud Division in the Senate of the Dominion of 
 Canada. I he honorable gentleman died some years ago. 
 
 WILLIAM SHANKS EVANS 
 
 Was born at Berwick-on- Tweed on the 23rd May, 1831. He also came to Canada 
 with his parents in 1832. Having a liking for his father’s profession, mechanical 
 engineering, he served his time to that business, when he soon became very profi- 
 cient in it. In the year 1848 he removed to the United States, where he shortly 
 afterwards received an appointment in the Dunkirk and Erie Locomotive Works, 
 which he held for nine years, the most of that time as manager in the works. He 
 resigned this position in i860, after the death of his brother Edward, and returned 
 to Montreal, where he has employed his capital ever since in stock and real estate 
 operations. 
 
INTERIOR OF THK GESl 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 3 21 
 
 CHURCH OF * THE GESU.” 
 
 ‘‘The Church, adjoining the College, bears the name of a Jesuit Church in Rome, 
 ‘ The Gesu,’ which means, of course, the Church of Jesus. The late Bishop of 
 Montreal, Mgr. Bourget, had for many years been desirous of seeing a large and 
 handsome church erected on the grounds of St. Mary’s College and dedicated to the 
 Sacred Heart of Jesus. At his earnest solicitation, the Fathers, encouraged by public 
 approval and trusting in Divine Providence, resolutely undertook the work ; on St. 
 Joseph’s Day, 1864 (March 19th), they began to prepare the site, and a few weeks 
 later building operations were commenced. The church was blessed and opened for 
 worship on the 3rd December, 1865 (St. Francis Xavier’s Day). The services on 
 week days are at the same hours as those of the other Catholic city churches; on 
 Sundays and Holydays there is a French sermon at High Mass and another at the 
 meeting of the Archconfraternity ; on these days there are two sermons in English : 
 one at the eight o’clock Mass, the other at the evening service at eight. This church 
 is justly considered one of the most attractive in Montreal, and one of the most 
 beautiful and soul satisfying monuments on this Continent. Its characteristic feature 
 is that it delights the untutored eye as fully as it satisfies the artist’s critical glance. 
 The style is Florentine Renaissance. The columns are composite, and somewhat 
 higher than the strict rules of art would approve, but this defect, which architects 
 alone would notice, enhances the light an 1 ethereal appearance of the interior. For, 
 like the ‘ King’s daughter,’ the Gesu is ‘ all glorious within.’ Without, the unfinished 
 towers cripple the facade. Within, the great transepts, figuring the Cross of Christ, 
 Hood the chancel with softly toned waves of light ; the delicate monochromes, which 
 adorn the walls and ceiling, reproduce the masterpieces of the modern German 
 school, the Crucifixion of Our Lord, the Most Blessed Trinity, the Queen of Angels, 
 the Holy Name of Jesus at the intersection of the transepts and the nave, the Lamb 
 of God, Jesus in the midst of the Doctors, Jesus with Mary and Joseph at Nazareth, 
 Jesus blessing little children, raising Lazarus from the dead, Jesus as the Good 
 Shepherd, Jesus appearing to St. Thomas after the Resurrection, the scenes drawn 
 from the history of the Jesuits ; the splendid oil paintings by Gagliardi Brothers, of 
 Rome, are full of color and life ; the variegated altars, sixteen in number, most of 
 which are made of Canadian woods, all lead up to the high or central altar with its 
 large chancel and elegantly inlaid floor, on which, at high festivals, the well-trained 
 sanctuary boys throng around the Holy of Holies. The choir of this church is justly 
 celebrated. Santley, the great baritone, who sang at the Gesu, after praising 
 the acoustic singing properties of the church, complimented Professor Clerk on the 
 extraordinary excellence of his choir. The Students’ Choir is also deserving of praise 
 for the whole-heartedness with which they join in the vocal worship of God. On 
 some great feast, such as Christmas, Easter or Whit-Sunday, the Church of the Gesu 
 is at its outward best. Then the tasteful decorations, the perfectly trained choir and 
 the full orchestra well befit the anthems of Divine praise which rise from the altar, 
 centre of all Catholic worship, and which are voiced and luminously portrayed in the 
 
3 22 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 practical, earnest and thoughtful French and English sermons for which the Gesu is 
 especially famous. But every week day there goes on in that graceful temple a silent, 
 though still more impressive, work of daily adoration in spirit and in truth, of con- 
 version from backslidings and error, of strong striving towards all that is true and 
 pure and everlasting.” 
 
 PETER PAN OMAN AND HON. JOHN PANGMAN. 
 
 The Seigniory of Lachenaie was granted by “ La Compagnie de la Nouvelle 
 France” to Pierre le Gardeur, Ecuyer, Sieur de Repentigny, in the City of Paris, 
 France, on the 16th April, 1647. Major-General Gabriel Christie sold the Seigniory 
 on the 2nd of February, 1785, to Jacob Jordan, Seignior of Terrebonne. Jordan sold 
 the Seigniory on the 3rd November, 1794, to Peter Pangman, who died on the 28th 
 August, 1819, leaving the estate managed by his son-in-law, George Henry Monk, who 
 was married to his daughter, Jane, and was appointed curator of the estate until the 
 coming of age of John Pangman on the 13th November, 1829. The Hon John 
 Pangman was born 13th November, 1808. He was the son of Peter Pangman, Esq., 
 a member of the old Nor’- West Company, and of Grace Mactier, his wife, who were 
 mariied in Montreal, on 28th March, 1796, and settled at Grace Hall, Mascouche, 
 his father having called the Manor House after her name. He first married, in 1835, 
 Marie Henriette Lacroix, daughter of the Hon. Janvier Domptail Lacroix. He was 
 appointed to the Legislative Council, by the Crown, in 1838, for Lower Canada. He 
 always took an active part in English Church matters. He had three sons and two 
 daughter s by this marriage, viz. : Jane Elmire, married, in 1870, Hon. Louis Napoleon 
 Casault, of Quebec, one of the Ju>tices of Her Majesty’s Superior Court : John Henry, 
 born 8th of August, 1845, and married 19th September, 1867, Bertha E. Buchanan; 
 Marie Louise ; John, born 7 1 h September, 1847 > Charles Edward, born 15th 
 November, 1849. On the 3rd September, 1857, he married Georgiana Robertson, 
 daughter of the late Dr. Robertson, of Montreal, by whom he had one son. He died 
 5th January, 1867. His son met with a terrible death in having his head cut off by 
 the collision of trains on the North Shore Railway some years ago. The widow lives 
 in Montreal. 
 
 HON. J. G. L WIOLETTE, M.L.C., 
 
 Was born at St. Eustache, Province of Quebec. He was afterwards educated at the 
 College of Montreal. He is Seignior of Sherrington, in the County of Naperville, 
 and has been Warden of Naperville and Mayor of the town. Twice has he been 
 appointed Census Commissioner by the Government of Canada, in i860 and again in 
 1870. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec in 1876, for the 
 DjLorimier Division. He holds the commission of Lieut.-Colonel in the Militia. 
 Col. Laviolette was twice married and has two sons and four daughters. One son is a 
 well known Druggist and Medical Doctor of Montreal. His three daughters’ husbands 
 are all well-known names in St. Eustache, Longueuil and Montreal. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 3 2 3 
 
 REV. DR. WILKES / 
 
 Was born in Birmingham, England, 21st June, 1805. He came to Canada at the age of 
 fifteen, the family settling in Toronto. In 1822, Henry left for Montreal, where he 
 spent the next five years in a mercantile house. Then he became partner with John 
 Torrance. In 1829, he entered the University of Glasgow, Scotland, and also joined 
 the Theological Academy of the celebrated Dr. Wardlaw, and in 1832 was ordained 
 and sent to Canada on a mission. Accomplishing such, he returned to Scotland and 
 graduated M.A. in 1833, becoming Pastor of Albany Church, Edinburgh, where the 
 parents of the Author of this volume gave him, as members of the congregation, the 
 right hand of fellowship at his Ordination and Induction. He returned to Canada in 
 1 836, just before the Rebellion, and settled in Montreal. For fifty years he continued a 
 faithful minister, and was identified with all the growth of the city. He received the 
 Degree of LL.D. from McGill, and I).D. from Burlington College in i860. He was 
 one of the mpst known and beloved of the Clergy of Montreal, and died some years 
 ago. He was intimately connected with the Congregational College of Montreal 
 from its inception, and was greatly the means of its present prosperity. 
 
 V. F. VANASSE, M.l\, 
 
 Was born at Saint David, Yamaska, 6th November, 1848. His father was F. H. 
 Vanasse, who had established himself there in 1825. He was educated at Nicolet 
 College. Choosing Law as his study, he entered the office of Hon. Justice Jett6, and 
 passed with distinction in 1875 his final examination, and was admitted to the Bar 
 same year. He was at one time associated with two well-known names, Hon. F. X. 
 Trudel and Hon. M. Taillon, and in 1879 he was elected member of Parliament for 
 Yamaska. In 1882, he was re-elected. During 1884, be organized a largi pub- 
 lishing company, acquired the paper Le Nouveau Monde , called it Le Monde , and 
 it is yet edited by him. He married, in 1877, a daughter of Alex. Deseve, advocate, 
 of Montreal. Mr. Vanasse has now retired from Parliament, and devotes himself to 
 the duties of his profession and editorial labor as Editor of the Monde newspaper. 
 
 JAMES A. GLASSFORD 
 
 Was born at Coteau du Lac on the 25th June, 1817. He was educated at Mon- 
 treal. He was for some time in the lumber trade with his father. He after- 
 wards commenced on his own account in the forwarding business between Montreal 
 and Ottawa, and rapidly extended his connections. In 1862, he was the largest for- 
 warding merchant in the country, being the head of the well-known firm “ Glassford, 
 Jones & Co.” Their stock then consisted of forty-five vessels, exclusive of others 
 chartered for the season. They carried immense quantities of grain, etc., from 
 Chicago and other western cities in connection with steam vessels for Europe. Hav- 
 ing unfortunately broken his leg, his health was impaired, and in consequence he 
 died June 1st, 1869, aged only fifty-two years and eleven months. His sons are in 
 the commission business in Montreal. 
 
324 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 FREDERICK W. HENSHAW 
 
 Was born in Montreal, on the 22nd July, 1822. His father was a hardware merchant 
 and importer of this city in the early part of this century, and his grandfather, a U. E. 
 loyalist, came to Canada and settled in Montreal soon after the close of the Revolu- 
 tionary War. Mr. Henshaw can trace his family to the Henshaws of Lancashire, 
 England, who were prominent land owners at the close of the fifteenth century. One 
 of his ancestors. William Henshaw, head of the family, was killed at the taking of 
 Liverpool in 1644. James the First of England restored the family to its ancient 
 honors, and it took the motto Esse quam videri . Mr. Henshaw has been actively 
 engaged in business since 1850 as a general commission and shipping merchant. He 
 was created a Magistrate by the late Sir Geo. E. Cartier, and has performed many 
 public services in his magisterial capacity. Has been a member of the Board of Trade 
 since 1855, member of the Council for seventeen years, one of which as Vice- 
 President, and four years as President, also Consul for the Republic of Uruguay. 
 Mr. Henshaw married, in 1850, Maria Louisa Scott, daughter of John Scott, Esq., 
 London, England, by whom he has had four children, two sons and two daughters. 
 The eldest of the former, Frederick Clarence Henshaw, is Colonel of the Victoria 
 Rifles of Montreal and Consul of the Argentine Republic and Vice-Consul of Uru- 
 guay. His second son, Arthur Scott Henshaw, married Beatrice Shepherd, daughter 
 of R. W. Shepherd, Esq., of Montreal, and is in the Bank of Montreal. 
 
 LOUIS FRECHETTE, LL.D. 
 
 Was born at L6vis, Quebec, i6lh November, 1859. His ancestors came from Isle de 
 Rhe, France, and were among the early settlers of this colony. He was educated at 
 the College of Nicolet and completed his career at Laval University, and admitted to 
 the Bar in 1864. From 1865 to 1871, he resided in Chicago. In the latter year he 
 returned to Canada. In 1874, he was returned for Levis County to the Federal 
 Parliament. He took up his residence in Montreal in 1878. He is a member of the 
 Royal Society and a poet of no mean order. He has edited several well-known 
 papers, Journal de Quebec and La Patrie of Montreal being among them. His 
 volume of poetry called Pele Melc is well known, printed by John Lovell, of Mon- 
 treal. Two other volumes of poetry in 1880 were crowned by the French Academy 
 of Paris, and he was granted the first Montyon prize. He has also written several 
 dramas and comedies, principally “ Papineau,” in 1880, which was acted in Montreal 
 more than once, and received popular applause. Not only has Mr. Frechette 
 to vastly enriched his own country’s literature, but he has translated into French 
 two works which are well known, W. D. Howells’ “ A Chance Acquaintance,” and 
 George W. Cable’s “ Old Creole Days.” Professor Roberts, the English poet, has, 
 on the other hand, translated into English Mr. Frechette’s beautiful poem “ La Liberte.” 
 
VJ 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 325 
 
 Here is one stanza showing both the translation and the beautiful sentiment of the 
 author : 
 
 While worldlings chase each other madly round 
 The gay track of frivolous gaiety, 
 
 Dreamer, my dream earth’s utmost longings bounds — 
 
 One love alone is mine, my love is Liberty.” 
 
 Mr. Frechette married, in 1876, Emma, second daughter of J. B. Beaudry, Banker 
 of Montreal, and has an interesting family. He now resides entirely in Montreal, 
 and makes Literature and Poesy his only work. May he long be spared to warble 
 sweet songs in his own melodious language, and continue to be, as he is, an honor 
 to our city, and a cause of thankfulness that we have at least one true poet in our 
 midst. 
 
 PAUL STEVENS. 
 
 He may well be called, as he is by a French Canadian critic not long deceased, “ The 
 Lafontaine of Canada.” He was born in Belgium. After his arrival in Canada, he 
 became one of the editors of La Patrie. He also held for some time the position of 
 Professor of Literature at Chambly College. In i860, he returned to the city, but 
 latterly was attached to the house and family of De Lery. His “ Fables ” consist 
 of 120 pages, and were printed in 1857. His li Contes Populaires ” appeared in 1867, 
 ten years after, which contributed more than his first work to the reputation ot the 
 author. 
 
 RIGHT REV. BISHOP BALDWIN. 
 
 Maurice S. Baldwin was born in Toronto, in the year 1836. His father was John 
 S. Baldwin, his mother being Anne Shaw, daughter of Major General Shaw. His 
 early education was procured at Upper Canada College, subsequently entering the 
 University, and graduating in 1859 at Trinity College. He was ordained Deacon by 
 Bishop Cronyn in April, i860. His first appointment was assistant to Dr. Caulfield 
 of St. Thomas, Ontario. In 1862, he became Incumbent at Port Dover. In 1865, 
 he was elected Incumbent of St. Luke’s, Montreal. Five years after, in 1870, he 
 became Assistant Minister of Christ Church Cathedral, and in 1872, when the Ven. 
 Dean Bethune died, he was unanimously elected Rector of the Parish. In June, 
 1871, he had been collated as one of the Honorary Canons of the Cathedral. He 
 continued till 1879, when, by the advancement of Dean Bond to the Bishopric of 
 Montreal, Canon Baldwin was appointed his successor. On the vacancy occurring 
 in the Diocese of Huron by the death of Bishop Cronyn, the Dean was consecrated 
 Bishop of that important Diocese in his stead. He has continued ever since as one of 
 the most earnest and impressive preachers of the day. His usefulness in Montreal 
 can never be estimated. It is still seen when the Bishop pays the Metropolis a visit 
 in the crowd which flock to hear their favorite preacher again. 
 
 The Bishop has not been a great producer of books, but two which he did write 
 have been eminently useful. The first published in Montreal in 1877, and called 
 
326 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 “ A Break in the Ocean Cable,” has had an extraordinary run. no less than io,ooo 
 copies having been sold since it was first published. His other work, “ Life in a 
 Look,’” published in 1880, is also highly regarded. He received the degree of D.D. 
 at the time of his consecration. In April, 1870, the Bishop was married to Sarah 
 Jessie, youngest daughter of John J. Day, Q.C., whose biography is found in another 
 part of this Gazetteer. 
 
 HON. JOHN MOLSON. 
 
 He was the son of the original John Molson who was the first of the name in Canada, 
 and whose wonderful energy is well noticed in the History in the first part of this 
 volume, in speaking of the first steamboat which ever sailed the St. Lawrence. The 
 subject of this memoir was connected with his father in all his enterprises, first in his 
 father’s service, then for a short time in opposition, when his father gave him a vessel 
 to set him up in business, and afterwards as a partner, and we believe we are correct 
 in saying that it was not a little owing to the energy and enterprise of the son that 
 the father added largely to the handsome competence of which he died possessed. 
 
 A striking instance of the business capacity of the son has often been mentioned. 
 The boat given him by his father was of interior power and speed, but the young man 
 was not to be outdone. The river was not lighted and buoyed as at the present day 
 in these closing years of the 19th century, and it was, therefore, deemed unsafe to run 
 after dark. The son, however, ran his boat all night, and by working while others 
 slept, made the best time with the slowest boat. 
 
 “ At a later period, when railroads were introduced, Mr. Molson took an active 
 part in their introduction into Canada, and was President of the first railroad opened 
 in the Province, the St. Lawrence and Champlain, of which he continued a Director 
 until his demise. Nor was he less active in advancing the interests of our monetary 
 institutions. He had felt the want of these in early life, when he kept guard over his 
 father’s strong box, and paid out the English guineas, French crowns, and Spanish 
 pieces, to his numerous workmen. He became a Director in the Bank of Montreal, 
 but retired to make room for his father. Resuming his seat at the Board on the 
 retirement of his father from the presidency, he remained as a Director till 1853, when, 
 in connection with his brother, William, he established the Molsons Bank, under the 
 Free Banking Act, and which obtained a Charter in 1854, when his young brother 
 Thomas, also became a 1 irge shareholder in that institution. 
 
 “ In politics, Mr. Molson was highly conservative ; and when the Special Council 
 replaced the Parliament in 1837, h e was called to a seat in it. He, however, never 
 desired to enter public life. He preferred to assist in carrying out those public 
 improvements which had been set on foot by himself and others, to develop the 
 resources, and aid in the advancement of his native country. 
 
 f * Having shouldered his musket in 1837, h e > with many other loyal men, felt 
 keenly the passing of the Rebellion Losses Bill of 1849 ; and was one of the first 
 signers of th t famous A 7 mexation MaTiifesto at that time, a proceeding for which he 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 3 2 7 
 
 was deprived of his Commissions of Justice of the Peace and Colonel of the Militia , 
 the offers afterwards made by Government to reinstate him, lie respectfully declined. 
 
 As a private citizen, Mr. Molson was highly esteemed. Ihe cause of education 
 and philanthropy ever found in him a friend, and there is scarcely an important 
 educational or charitable institution in Montreal with which his name has not been 
 connected. The Molson Chair in the McGill College, endowed by the liberality of 
 the three brothers, may be special 1 y mentioned as an instance of munificence and 
 public spiiit. As a Governor for many years of the Montreal General Hospital, from 
 the Presidency of which he retired about a year previous to his death, owing to his 
 failing health, his zeal will be long remembered, which, considering the magnitude of 
 his business engagements, often surprised his coadjutors in the management of that 
 benevolent institution. He died at his residence, Belmont Hall, Montreal, on the 
 1 2th July, i860, in his 73rd year, universally regretted. 
 
 REV. JOHN JENKINS, D.D., LE D. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was of Welsh parentage, but he was born in the town of 
 Exeter, England, 5th December, 1813. He was educated at Exeter College, and 
 afterwards at King’s College, London. He was ordained to the Ministry in 1837, and 
 immediately proceeded to India as a Missionary to the station ot Mysore, where his 
 well-known son, Edward, in the City of Bungalore, was born. Edward is well known 
 to literary fame as the author of “ Ginx’s Baby,” and who was once a member of the 
 Imperial Parliament for Dundee, Scotland. 
 
 Dr. Jenkins remained about five years in India and then returned to England in 
 enfeebled health. He afterwards resided two years in Malta, and in 1847 came 10 
 Montreal, and for six y£ars was the pastor of St. James Street Methodist Church. At 
 this time he was best known for his lectures : “A Protestant’s Appeal to the Douay 
 Bible.” Four large editions of this book were published and sold during the first 
 year, but nowit is almost impossible to procure a copy . — sic transit gloria mundi. 
 
 Shortly after this, on account of determined opposition to him in relation to this 
 book, he resigned and went to Philadelphia, as Minister ot the Presbyterian Chinch 
 of Calvary, where he remained for ten years. This closing period bi ought the 
 Doctor face to face with the War of Secession, and because he would not pray on 
 Sunday for President Davis and his Cabinet, he had to resign in 1863, and went to 
 London, England, where he was for a year. Next year, 1864, he was invited to St. 
 Paul’s Church, Montreal, which he accepted and remained for no less than ten years. 
 From 1868, in connection with the City, he was Chairman of the Protestant Board of 
 School Commissioners. He was made an LL.D. by McGill in 1879, and a D.D. in 
 1859 by the University of New York. In 1S75, he resigned from school work. He 
 was also a member of the Board of McGill University, and also that of Queen s, 
 Kingston. In 1869, he was elected Moderator of the Synod of the 1 resbyterian 
 Church of Canada, and in 1878 Moderator of the United Churches. After an event- 
 ful and useful life to his party, church and belief, he died some years ago. 
 
328 
 
 CAZETTEER OF MONTREAL- 
 
 ROBERT CRAIK, M.D. 
 
 He is one of those in these sketches who were born in Montreal. He first saw the 
 light in this city, 22nd April, 1829. His parents had come to Montreal in 1818* 
 The well-known late John Bruce educated the Doctor in his younger years. After- 
 wards he studied Medicine and graduated with first honors from McGill in 1854. The 
 same year he became House Surgeon to the General Hospital, resigning in i860. In 
 1856, he was Demonstrator of Anatomy in his Alma Maler until 1861, when he 
 became Professor of Clinical Surgery to 1866-7. During this Session he lectured on 
 Chemistry for the late Dr. Sutherland, and at his death succeeded him, retaining this 
 Chair till 1879. He then retired, and is now Emeritifs Professor. To show how far- 
 thinking the Doctor was, even in his youthful days of practice, we may mention that 
 his graduation thesis was “ On the Nature of Zymotic Diseases,” and now, more than 
 a quarter of a century afterwards, what he then spoke of and shadowed forth of the 
 theory of germ disease has made a deep impression on the public mind. The 
 Doctor has long held a high standing among his confreres . He is now a great 
 agriculturist, and has some of the finest horses in the country. In 1856, he married 
 Miss Alice Symmons, of Dublin, Ireland, but she died in 1874. The Doctor has no 
 children. 
 
 HON. JAMES FERRIER, Senator, 
 
 Was born in Scotland. He was educated in Fifeshire, and went to Perth to serve 
 his apprenticeship. In 1821, he left Scotland for Canada. At twenty-two he com- 
 menced business in Montreal, and by Scotch prudence and shrewdness, he soon 
 accumulated a handsome competency. When the Bank of British North America was 
 founded he became a Director of it. For six years he was President of the Montreal 
 Assurance Co. When the Rebellion broke out in 1837, he shouldered his musket 
 among the Constitutionalists, and became a Lieut.-Colonel of the Militia. In 1841, 
 he was appointed a Municipal Councillor. When in 1844 the offices became elective, 
 he was returned Alderman of the East Ward. This same year he was elected 
 Mayor. Whilst Mayor a terribly disastrous fire took place at Quebec, and Mr* 
 Ferrier being at the time an eye-witness of the awful destruction everywhere seem 
 waited at once on the Governor-General, Lord Metcalfe, and so interested him that an 
 immense fund was raised for the sufferers. Shortly after this, Mr. Ferrier was called 
 by royal mandamus to a seat in the Legislative Council. He projected the Montreal 
 and Lachine Railway, and for a number of years was President of the road. He 
 was elected as one of the Directors of the Grand Trunk Railway, and for many 
 years was the Chairman of this great concern in Canada. He was also appointed a 
 Governor of McGill University, as he had been a member of tl\e Board of the 
 Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning. He was also a Member of the 
 Council of the University of Victoria College, Cobourg. He was for years President 
 of the Quebec Temperance and Prohibitory League, as well as that of the Bible 
 Society. He was appointed a Senator of the Dominion, and was such at the time of 
 his death, which occurred some years ago after a life of wonderful activity, benevolence 
 and Christian sympathy. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 329 
 
 ST. MARY’S COLLEGE. 
 
 The following fine account of this well-known and interesting Institution is found in 
 a late number of the Dominion Illustrated , and, without altering anything, I repro- 
 duce it as the best sketch that can be given of the College : — 
 
 a As this is the principal public Institution of the Canadian Jesuits, it will not 
 be amiss to point out with what memories of Canada, and of Montreal in particular, 
 it is linked in the past. The Society of Jesus, founded and definitely organized by 
 St. Ignatius of Loyola, in 1540, had, for more than half a century, been sending mis- 
 sionaries into every part of the habitable world. As fast as new lands were discovered 
 in America, they were evangelized by missionaries of the Society. Brazil, Peru, 
 Florida, Mexico, in fact nearly the entire Southern portion of the New World, had 
 received its apostles ; the Northern portion, and Canada in particular, were now to 
 receive theirs. In 1611, Fathers Biard and Masse accompanied to Acadia the first 
 settlers of New France. In 1625, their followers, being requested by the Recollet 
 Fathers of New France to share their hard labors, landed at the foot of the then lonely 
 rock of Champlain ; ten years later, in 1635, they laid the foundations of the College 
 of Quebec, destined to be for many years the training school of Canadian youth in 
 science and virtue. In the previous year (1634), a residence was established by 
 Father Lejeune in the incipient city of Three Rivers. The birth of Montreal did not 
 come till 1642; nevertheless, as early as 1626, Father de Brebetif, on his first journey 
 to the land of the Hurons, had, as it were, selected the site of the future city ; in his 
 second journey (1635), he pointed it out as the extreme limit of the navigation of the 
 St. Lawrence, and consequently as a spot of great importance. In the same and 
 subsequent years, Father Lejeune concerted with the Company of the Hundred 
 Associates a settlement at this identical place, ‘ which may/ he says, * become some 
 day a large city.’ In 1637, in company with the Governor, he came there on an 
 exploring expedition. Finally, on the 1 8th of May, 1642, Father Bartholomew 
 Vimont, in the name of the New Society of Our Lady, recently organized in Paris 
 by the zealous and venerable Mr. Olier, said the first Mass and invoked upon the 
 foundations of the future City of Ville-Marie, or Montreal, the choicest blessings of 
 Heaven. During the fifteen years following, or until the arrival of the Reverend 
 Sulpician Priests in 1657, the Jesuit Fathers were sole pastors of Montreal; but, as 
 soon as the spiritual care of the settlers could be entrusted to devoted hands, they 
 resumed their favorite occupation, the preaching of the Gospel to the destitute Indians. 
 Towards the end of this period, in the spring of 1657, Father LeMoyne blessed the 
 corner-stone of the ancient sanctuary of Notre Dame de Bonsecours (Our Lady of 
 Good Help). In 1663, whilst conveying to the distressed settlers a cargo of pro- 
 visions, Father Chaumonot founded, in company with Rev. Mr. Souart, Sulpician 
 Priest, the Confraternity of the Holy Family, which is still in a prosperous condition. 
 In 1692, when the wants of Montreal were on the increase, and the very existence 
 of the Colony was threatened by the incursions of the Indians, the Jesuit Fathers 
 returned and built within its walls a house and chapel. In the same year they estab- 
 
330 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 lished in their chapel the Sodality of Men, and the Novena in honor of St. Francis 
 Xavier, two works that have long outlived their founders, and which produce to this 
 day abundant fruits of salvation. Their property, including chapel, convent and 
 garden, covered nearly all the ground now occupied by the Champ de Mars (drilling 
 ground), the Court House and the new City Hall. At a later period a church was 
 added and rebuilt on a larger scale in 1742. The church faced the street which now 
 forms the eastern side of Jacques Cartier Square. In that ground, then held sacred, 
 lie the ashes of many dauntless missionaries, who watered with their sweat and blood 
 the seed of the Gospel. After toiling for a century and a half, previous to the year 
 1 773 , the members of the suppressed Society of Jesus, then resident in Canada, were 
 gradually gathered to their fathers. Father Well, the last survivor in Montreal, died 
 in 1791, and Father Cazot, the last in Quebec, in i860, at the very time when, by a 
 special providence, God was preserving the remnants of the Society of Jesus in die 
 North of Europe, by providing them with a shelter in Russia, where, screened from 
 the revolutionary storm which swept over the Continent, they patiently bided the 
 coming of better times. During the lifetime of the Fathers, the English Government 
 allowed them the administration of the property belonging to their communities; 
 but after their death, in defiance of rights and protestations, the Crown uncere- 
 moniously annexed everything to itself. The most remarkable of the Jesuit Fathers 
 who, during the 17th century, died in Canada, martyrs to their faith ortheir apostolic 
 zeal, were : 1st, Father de Noue, found frozen on the banks of the St. Lawtence, 
 opposite Sorel, February 2nd, 1646; 2nd, Father Jogues, killed with a hatchet while 
 preaching to the Iroquois, October 16th, 1646 ; 3rd, Father Daniel, shot with airoivs 
 and musket balls by the Iroquois, July 4th, 1648; 4th, Fathers de Brebeuf and 
 Gabriel Lallemant, who died at the stake among the Iroquois, March 1 6th and 17th, 
 1649 ; 5th, Father Carnier, killed by the Iroquois, December 7th, 1649; 6th, Father 
 Chabanel, drowned by an apostate Huron, December, 1649: 7th, bather Buteux, 
 butchered by the Iroquois, May 10th, 1652 ; 8th, Father Garreau, killed by the 
 Iroquois, September 2nd, 1656; 9th, Father Pierron, put to death by the Indians in 
 March, 1673. When the storm clouds that overshadowed Europe at the close of the 
 past and at the beginning of the present century had partially passed away, the 
 Society of Jesus emerged from its temporary eclipse, and resumed with unabated 
 vigor its missionary career. Those countries which most required assistance were, 
 of course, first attended to ; Canada was not actually in want of spiritual laborers, 
 but she retained a kind remembrance of her early apostles and was teady to ghe 
 them a joyous welcome ; in the interval succeeding their departure, the resources of 
 the country had greatly developed and its spiritual necessities had increased with its 
 natural progress. Accordingly, in 1839, a ^ ter an absence of nearly forty years, the 
 Society appeared once more on the banks of the great St. Lawrence. 
 
 “ Father Chazelle, President of St Mary’s College, Kentucky, was requested by 
 Rev. Mr. Quiblier, his former pupil and then Superior of the Seminary of St. Sulpice* 
 in Montreal, to preach a retreat to the clergy of this diocese. On that occasion both 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 33 1 
 
 priests and people expressed an earnest wish that the Fathers should return to Canada. 
 On his first visit to Rome, in 1841, His Lordship Bishop Bourget petitioned the 
 General of the Society to the same effect ; his efforts were successful, and the 
 Reverend Fathers Chazelle, Martin, Tellier, Luiset, Hanipaux and du Ranquet, 
 arrived in Montreal on the 31st May, 1842. His Lordship the Bishop gave them a 
 warm reception and lodged them in his own Palace. In the following year (1843) 
 the Honorable Charles Seraphin Rodier offered them for a novitiate a portion of his 
 own mansion; they remained there till 1851. In 1847, typhus fever and cholera 
 made great havoc among the Irish immigrants arriving in Canada ; the local clergy, 
 nearly exhausted by the incessant demands of the sick, were aided in their charitable 
 work by six Jesuit Fathers who hastened from New York for that purpose. It had 
 long been felt that the Catholic educational institutions of Montreal were inefficient 
 for the growing importance of the city and province ; English literature had not 
 received the attention due to it, especially since, in 1840, the city had become the 
 capital of United Canada. Sensible of this deficiency, the citizens of Montreal 
 earnestly entreated the Fathers to open a college where the English language should 
 be taught, and the pupils receive instruction in commercial affairs, as well as in 
 French and the classics. On the 1st of November, 1845, a public meeting of 
 influential citizens, presided over by Bishop Bourget, was held to secure the imme- 
 diate establishment of the intended college. Enthusiasm ran high, but the times 
 were unpropitious ; great fires at Quebec, and an impending financial crisis, caused 
 postponement of the undertaking. The present building was commenced in 1847, 
 and was sufficiently advanced to allow of occupation in April, 1851 ; a school had, 
 however, been opened, 20th September, 1848, in a frame house still extant at the 
 northeast corner of Dorchester and St. Alexander streets. Its progress is encourag- 
 ing ; during the first year the students numbered 65 ; in 1850, they were 124; in 
 i860, they had increased to 249 ; in 1870,10 336 ; in 1891,10487. The plan of the 
 college was designed and partly carried out by the first Rector, the Rev. Father Felix 
 Martin, a man of rare administrative ability, who combined an almost stern spirit of 
 discipline with extraordinary versatility of talent and great kindness of heart. I he 
 right wing was finished for occupation in 1855, but the front, facing the boys’ play 
 ground, is still without its intended portico and colonnade. The entire structure is 
 built of free stone; it is 225 feet long, and on an average 50 feet in width by 60 in 
 height. The building is provided with two ingenious fire escapes, one of which is 
 seen in the view from Bleury street. They are invented and patented by Father 
 Jones, the archivist of the College. The Provincial Parliament, after adding to its 
 programme a course of legal studies, incorporated the college by statute, under the 
 title of ‘St. Mary,’ in the year 1852. 
 
 “ The Curriculum, in which religious instruction holds the first place, embraces all 
 the branches of a complete classical course, followed by two years of Philosophy, at 
 the end of which Laval University degrees are conferred upon the graduates. Con- 
 nected with the College are preparatory classes for younger students who are not 
 ready to begin their classical studies, and also an elementary course for little lads, who 
 
332 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 have special regulations and receive special care. The commercial course, which 
 was one of the early inducements to found this college, has lately been dropped, 
 because the need of such a course is now very adequately met by other flourishing 
 schools in this city, and because the clasical course is followed by so large and so 
 rapidly increasing a body of students as to make the construction of new buildings 
 an imperative necessity. For the past two years the elementary Latin and Greek 
 classes have been provided with separate teachers for the English-speaking pupils; 
 and the elite of our Catholie English-speaking population have hastened to avail 
 themselves of this opportunity. Curiously enough, while St. Mary’s College, manned 
 at the outset by men of superior ability and training from France, was the first coliege 
 in Canada to successfully insist upon the modern pronunciation of French, as con- 
 trasted with the antique seventeenth century accent which still prevails in so many 
 other Canadian colleges, it is also, among all Catholic colleges in America, remarkable 
 for the purity of its English speech. This is no doubt owing to the care which has 
 always been bestowed by its well-bred professors upon the elocutionary efforts of the 
 pupils. As a consequence, the amateur theatricals of this College have enjoyed more 
 than twenty-five years of a well-earned reputation for taste and vigor. The military 
 drill of the St. Mary’s College Cadets is another feature of metropolitan renown. To 
 see those sturdy lads manoeuvring with the steadiness and precision of veteran 
 regulars, one would hardly suspect the mercurial temperament with which most of 
 them are endowed. But the chief merit of St. Mary’s is its solid education, thorough 
 in the classics, deep in philosophy and the higher principles of mathematics and 
 natural science, wide and ripe in the training of that master faculty, the power of 
 seizing the strong point in every branch of study. Thus it is that, in a short forty 
 years, during most of which it had not even the tempting bait of a degree to offer, 
 St. Mary’s has produced men of mark in all the higher walks of life, distinguished 
 jurists like Judges de Lorimier and Loranger, Mr. de Bellefeuille and Mr. P. B. 
 Mignault, skilled physicians like Doctors Laramee, Auguste Hamel and Mignault, 
 rulers of men like the present Mayor ol Quebec, the Premier of this Province, and 
 the Hon. Joseph Royal, Governor of the North-West Territories, not to speak of the 
 Rev. Father Turgeon, whose seven years of rectorship at St. Mary’s did so much for 
 its prosperity, nor of the present Rector, Reverend Father Drummond, upon whom 
 the mantle of the past rectors sits with an easy grace.” 
 
 FLAVIEN G. BOUTELLIER, M.P.P. 
 
 Was born at St. Cesaire, 2nd March, 1845. Has father was Lieut.-Colonel Flavien 
 Boutellier, a merchant of St. Cesaire. Flavien, the younger, was educated at the 
 College of St. Hyacinthe, and studied Law in Laval University and in the Montreal 
 Branch of Victoria University, Cobourg, Ontario, and latterly in the office of Sir A. 
 A. Dorion. He was called to the Bar, July, 1871. He was elected to represent 
 Rouville, in June, 1879, his native county, and was returned by a large majority. 
 He was a firm supporter of Hon. Mr. Joly when in power. Latterly he has eschewed 
 politics and devoted his talents to his profession. 
 
333 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 GEORGE MERCER DAWSON, D.S., F.G.S. 
 
 He was born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, on the ist August, 1849. He received his 
 early education in Montreal. Delicate health prevented him from making a complete 
 curriculum in the College. In 1869, he entered the Royal School of Mines, London, 
 and after three years, in 1872, he passed as an Associate. On returning to Canada he 
 engaged for a year in mining surveys in Nova Scotia, and in lecturing in Morrin Col- 
 lege, Quebec. He was then appointed Geologist and Botanist to the British North 
 American Boundary Commission, where he served for two years. On the completion 
 of the survey, he received an appointment on the staff of the Geological Survey of the 
 Dominion. He is now one of the highest in the Department. He has been engaged 
 on a large number of expeditions and surveys. In 1880, he visited Europe. He was 
 present at the meeting of the British Association at Swansea, and read an able paper 
 on the Geology of British Columbia. Thanks to the indefatigable care of his mother 
 Lady Dawson, in his infancy and youth, and the continued work in the open air, his 
 health is now completely established, and may the Doctor be long spared to attend 
 to his scientific researches, which in the past have been so beneficial to his country, 
 a worthy son of a worthy father, both shining lights in Science and Philosophy. He 
 has figured lately rather prominently as one of the Commissioners in the Behring Sea 
 controversy. 
 
 JACQUES OLIVIER BUREAU, N.P. 
 
 The family of Senator Bureau came originally from Normandy, France. He is the 
 son of Jacques Bureau, Esq., a merchant of Three Ravers, and was born there on the 
 6th February, 1820. He passed with distinction through the various classes of 
 Nicolet College, and early began life for himself, being admitted as a Notary Public 
 of Lower Canada in 1843. In 1844, he married Mile. H 61 £neSt. Pierre, who died in 
 1852, and afterwards, in 1868, again married, his partner being Madame J. H. Ter- 
 roux. In the Canadian Assembly, from the General Elections in 1854 until September, 
 1862, he sat for the constituency of Napierville. In 1862, he was elected for the De 
 Lorimier Division in Lower Canada, which he faithfully and assiduously represented 
 till the Union of the Provinces, 1867. From January to May, 1863, he was a Member 
 of the Executive Council and also Provincial Secretary of Canada, having succeeded 
 the Hon. A. A. Dorion. He was called by Royal Proclamation, May, 1867, to the 
 high position of Senator of the Dominion of Canada for the District of De Lorimier. 
 He was one of the most active promoters of the Anti-Seigniorial movement, and also 
 a member of the Reform Convention which met in Quebec on that subject. The Hon. 
 Mr. Bureau took a leading part in the debate in the Senate on Christie’s motion 
 respecting the Pacific Railway. The Honorable gentleman has always been a consis- 
 tent Reformer. He was, indeed, an example of a self-made man, who through his own 
 indomitable perseverance and energy raised himself to the highest position to 
 which a citizen can attain (save the Local Governorship), viz., a Senator of the 
 Dominion of Canada. His life should be a gnomon for others of the same profession 
 to endeavor to do likewise. 
 
 1 
 
334 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL 
 
 GEORGE BRUSH. 
 
 This well-known figurehead of Montreal was born at Vergennes, State of Vermont, 
 6th January, 1793. His father was Elkanah Brush, and his mother Aluthea 
 (Frink) Brush. When quite a young man he turned his attention to steamboat and 
 ship building. In 1816 and 1817, he commanded a steamboat named “Champlain,” 
 on the lake of the same name. This was the second steamboat that ever sailed on 
 the waters of that beautiful lake. 
 
 When navigation closed in 1817, Mr. Brush settled in Montreal, and for the next 
 sixteen years engaged in his favorite occupation of steamboating and navigation— 
 from 1818 to 1834. Mr. Brush superintended the building of some of the early 
 steamers put on the St. Lawrence between Montreal and Quebec. He built the 
 “ Hercules” in 1823, the first tow-boat that ever sailed on the river. 
 
 In 1838, Mr. Brush went into partnership with the Wards in the Eagle Foundry 
 which they had begun in 1822. In time he became the sole possessor of it, and in 
 1852 his eldest son became intrusted with the business. Mr. Brush married Eliza 
 M. Seymour, of Vergennes, Vermont. He died^ not long ago. His eldest son, 
 George S. Brush, is now the head of the firm and the foundry. 
 
 REV. CANON ANDERSON, M.A. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in the City of Quebec, January, 1811, therefore 
 he is now the oldest clergyman of the English Church in the City and Diocese of 
 Montreal. His father was John Anderson, his mother Mary Petry. His grand- 
 father was Anthony Anderson, of Hedley Lodge, M.P.P. for Megantic, so that the 
 Anderson family is one of the oldest of the English families in the Province. Ihey 
 came originally from Northumberland, England, and arrived in Canada near the 
 close of the last century. 
 
 Something must be said here of his mother. The mother has a great deal to do 
 in the after career of the son, and we find in the Venerable Canon some traits of that 
 stern justice and inflexible character which must have marked her career in these 
 early days of Colonial life and experience. His mother, Mary Petry, was of old 
 German descent. She was the daughter of Frederick Petry, of Nierstein, on the Rhine, 
 and the niece of Dr. William Petry, who was Surgeon in the Prussian Army under 
 Frederick the Great, having the charge of the field Lazaretto under that conquering 
 Monarch during the Seven Year*’ War. He afterwards served with Gen. Herkimer 
 of New York during the American Revolutionary War. In Stone’s “ Life of Brandt, 
 honorable mention is made of Dr. Petry, for he was both before and during that 
 fratricidal war a prominent Surgeon of the Mohawk Valley. The family descendants 
 remain to this day occupying the original l’etry estates in the town ot Herkimer 
 New York. 
 
 Rev. Canon Anderson received his education at Dr. Wilkes’ School, Quebec. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MON’! REAL. 
 
 335 
 
 He was ordained Deacon in 1834, and Priest in 1837, by Right Rev. Dr. Mountain, 
 Bishop of Quebec. After two years in Quebec, he first became Curate and then 
 Rector of Sorel in 1839, an d since then has ever continued to hold this position. In 
 1865, he was appointed Honorary Canon of Christ Church Cathedral by the 
 Metropolitan, Bishop Fulford. In 1840, he married Annie C. Henshaw, daughter of 
 John L. Henshaw, of Montreal, and they had a large family of sons and daughters. 
 One daughter married ex-Alderman N. Mercer, of Montreal, and is well known for 
 her assiduity in every Christian work. The old Canon is still to the fore, and among 
 the pleasures of the writer are those conversations he has had with him on days gone 
 by — notably the troubles of 1837-38 and the stirring times of 1849. May he live 
 years yet to exemplify the truth of the old English hymn, 
 
 In the days of my youth I remembered my God, 
 
 And lie hath not forgotten my age.” 
 
 ROBERT ALEXANDER LINDSAY 
 
 Robert Alexander Lindsay, late Accountant Bank of Montreal, died a few weeks 
 ago at his residence on Drummond Street. He was in the service of the Bank of 
 Montreal for thirty-four years, during the latter part of which he occupied the position 
 of Chief Accountant. In 1883, he retired from active service on a pension. He was 
 born at Quebec sixty-six years ago, and was a son of the late W. B. Lindsay, who 
 was for a number of years Clerk of the House of Commons. Mr. Lindsay was mar- 
 ried twice, first to a daughter of Colonel Dyde and then to a daughter of the late 
 Edward Venner, who survives him. He left five sons and two daughters, the 
 eldest being Mr. Robert Lindsay, secretary of the Art Association. 
 
 JOHN WILLIAM MOUNT, M.D.,C.M„ 
 
 Was born in Mascouche (St. Henry), County of L’Assomplion, the 4th of August, 
 1829. His father was of English nationality, his mother French Canadian. He is 
 grandson of the late Philip Mount, Esq., M.D., Staff Surgeon in the English Army. 
 
 He studied seven years in the Ste. Ther£se de Blainville and L’Assomption Col- 
 leges, and graduated in the Montreal School of Medicine and McGill College, and 
 took his degree in the last Institution in May, 1851. 
 
 He began practice in his native place the same year, and was married in King- 
 ston, the 9th February, 1854, to Miss Mary Jane Farrell, only sister of the late Right 
 Rev. J. Farrell, first Roman Catholic Bishop of Hamilton, Out. He went to Acton 
 Vale, P.Q., in the fall of i860, during the copper mine fever, where he acquired a 
 great deal of experience, principally in Surgery, as physician to the Copper Mine 
 Companies. 
 
 He came to Montreal in the spring, 1869, where he acquired in a very short time 
 an extensive practice. 
 
 He was Attending Physician to the Convent of the Holy Names of Jesus and 
 Mary. Hochelaga, and to the Monastery St. Joseph of the Good Shepherd. He was 
 one of our most respected Aldermen for St. Mary’s Ward, and is still a Physician in 
 this Ward. 
 
336 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 WILLIAM WHYTE 
 
 « Was born at Charlestown, in Fifeshire, Scotland, in September, 1843. He 
 was educated at the schools of his native place. At the age of eighteen lie 
 entered the service of the North British Railway Company, remaining as a 
 clerk in the same till 1863. In the last-named year he came to Canada, and upon 
 his arrival joined the Grand Trunk Railway service, receiving the appointment of 
 freight clerk at Cobourg, Ontario. In May he was transferred to the freight office at 
 Montreal, occupying a similar position till the early part of 1867, when he became a 
 freight foreman of the sheds. He was afterwards appointed yardnuster in the 
 Toronto yard; and in 1870 was promoted to the night station agency at Montreal. 
 About a year later it was announced to him that he had received the appointment of 
 freight and station agent at Stratford. During the time that he held charge at the 
 latter point, a change was made from the old broad to the standard gauge, and for a 
 full year every passenger and way car load of freight had to be transfeired at Strat- 
 ford, entailing an enormous amount of additional labor and trouble on both Mr 
 Whyte and his staff. But his plans were so well laid, and promptly carried out, 
 that little delay and no blockade was occasioned by the change. In 1874, he 
 was moved to London, where he held a similar position till January, 1881. He 
 was then ordered to Toronto, to take the entire charge of the important freight 
 offices and sheds at that city. In November of the same year the Company acknow- 
 ledged his services by appointing him Assistant-Superintendent of the Central Divi- 
 sion from Kingston West to Stratford, including the Galt and Waterloo branches. 
 After remaining in that position for about a year and a half, he severed his connec- 
 tion with the Grand Trunk, and accepted the position of General Superintendent of 
 the Credit Valley Railway (May, 1883), on the resignation of James Ross. Follow- 
 ing this appointment soon came that to the management of the Toronto, Grey and 
 Bruce, which in September of the same year became a part of the Ontario and Quebec 
 system, and was afterwards designated the Ontario Division of the Canadian Pacific. 
 When the Ontario and Quebec road was completed in August of 1884, its manage- 
 ment likewise fell under the control of Mr. Whyte. What ‘lhs administration has 
 been since his elevation to this important office is very well known. ‘Corporations, 
 it is been well said, are bodies without souls, and they are not in the habit of pro- 
 moting a man out of feelings of sentiment or of friendship. But corporations have 
 eyes ; and they are ever on the alert for administrative talent. The genius for the 
 management of railway traffic which Mr. Whyte possesses was perceived, the reader 
 will see, as soon as the opportunity for the display of his talents was opened to the 
 subject of this sketch. Mr. Whyte is a man of quick insight, and as he possesses a 
 cool and a clear head, it does not take him long to see his way out of a difficulty, 
 and come to a decision. Eminently, it may be repeated, he is an administrator, be- 
 ing above all things swift and expedient, and sound of judgment.’ He is an extremely 
 popular railway official ; and in the social life of Toronto, his removal from that city 
 was much regretted. Mr. Whyte married in 1872, Jane, daughter of Adam Scott, 0 
 Toronto. There has been issue by this marriage a family of three girls and two 
 boys.” 
 
« 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 337 
 
 HON. ANSELME F. X. TRUDEL 
 
 Is the son of F. X. Trudel of St. Prosp^re, District of Three Rivers. He is the 
 grandson of Olivier Trudel, Esq., of Ste. Genevieve de Batiscan, who represented 
 Champlain County in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for a long period. 
 Mr. Trudel was bom at St. Anne de la Perade on the 29th April, 1838. He was 
 educated at Nicolet College, where he distinguished himself by assiduity in his studies. 
 In April, 1864, he married Marie Z06 Aimee, daughter of the Hon. Louis Renaud. 
 He was called to the Bar of the Province in 1861. For a short time in i860 he 
 edited the well-known paper, La Mhierve. He was during several years Pre- 
 sident of the Ccrcle Litttraire and also of L' Union Catliolique. In 1869, his services 
 as advocate were secured conjointly with those of the late Mr. Cassidy and L. A. 
 Jette, M.P. (new the Hon. Judge Jette), by the Fabrique of Notre Damede Montreal 
 for the famous cause “ Guibord.” 
 
 The opinions which he sustained in his speech, touching the freedom of the 
 Roman Catholic Church’s complete independence and its civil rights, and the thesis 
 which he developed then on the question of “ La propri£t6 ecclesiastique,” gave vent 
 to considerable discussion in the press, and were the subject of flattering apprecia- 
 tions from many publicists and economists in France, Belgium and Spain. They 
 determined at first in Canada a certain excitation, and induced the Trustees ( Mar- 
 guilliers ) of Notre Dame to decline to employ him (Mr. Trudel) any more in the 
 case, and even a vote of blame was passed condemning his opinions, and is still in 
 the registers of “ La Fabrique.” This censure cause Mr. Trudel to submit his argu- 
 ments to the judgment of the Holy See. His contested opinions were approved of, 
 not only by the most eminent economists of Rome, namely, P. Perone, Drs. De 
 Angelis and Sanguinetti, but the whole pleading was the subject of their praises. He 
 was one of the authors of the Programme Catholique (1871), and has written consider- 
 ably in the various journals and periodicals of the day. From 1867 to 1872 he 
 sustained in the press many polemics on the question of the Rights of the Roman 
 Church, and of its relations with the civil power. The most important of his works 
 has been published in part in the Revue Canadiefine for 1S70-71 under the title 
 of “ Quelques considerations sur les rapports de l’Eglise et de l’Etat.” 
 
 He thought it his duty to discontinue publication on account of the irritation 
 that these religious polemics had created among the Roman Catholics of the Province 
 of Quebec. 
 
 Since the General Elections of 1871 he sat for Champlain in the Quebec 
 Assembly, He was called to the high position of Senator of Canada on the 31st 
 October, 1873. He was one of the promoters and organizers of the Canadian Papal 
 Zouaves. Some of his writings have been published in the Echo du Cabinet de 
 Lecture , in 1861, 1862 and 1863, under the heads of “ Destinies of the Canadian 
 People,” “ Temperance,” “ Frederick Osanam and his Works.” 
 
 For some years previous to his death he was the ruling spirit as Editor-in-Chief 
 and proprietor of L' Etendard, one of the most influential French papers in Montreal. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 338 
 
 Latterly he was afflicted with heart disease, which at last carried him off a few years 
 ago. His eldest son now conducts the paper. Another son is an Advocate of the 
 Montreal Bar. They are born citizens of Montreal, and seem to have the ability of 
 their father, and will yet make their mark. 
 
 WILLIAM CASSILS 
 
 Was born at Denny, Stirlingshire, Scotland, on the 25th June, 1832, being the eldest 
 son of John Cassils and Margaret Murray. The family removed in 1835 to Renton 
 a village in the vale of Leven, Dumbartonshire, where his boyhood was spent, and 
 where in the parochial school he was educated in such branches as were then taught 
 in that institution. Having relatives in Canada, who urged that he should proceed 
 thither, he sailed from Glasgow in the barque Euclid on April 5 th, 1851, arnvingat 
 Quebec in the first week of May. On reaching Montreal a couple of days l*er,and 
 hearing that a young man was wanted to learn operating m the office of *«“«“** 
 Telegraph Company, he applied for the situation and was accepted The Company 
 was then in its infancy ; it owned a single line extending along the highway from 
 Toronto to Quebec, and had fourteen offices in all, between these two points In 
 November, 1853, Mr. Cassils took charge of the Quebec office, and three years later, 
 the Company having acquired the lines of the British American Telegraph Company 
 was appointed Eastern Divisional Superintendent. On the nth June, 1856 
 married Agnes Simpson, daughter of the late William Hossack 0 § f Quebec, . R s g - 
 ing the position of Telegraph Superintendent in November 1866, Mr. Cassils re 
 moved to Montreal, becoming a member of a commercial firm, from which he 
 retired ten years later. While a resident of Quebec Mr. Cassils commanded 
 esteem of . wide circle of acquaintances, and in addition to acttve “ 
 
 church and charitable work, was chosen Secretary-Treasurer of .the Boarf o Pro 
 testant School Commissioners of that city, which position he held dunng evera 
 years. Shortly after retiring from the wholesale trade in Montreal, he became 
 President of the Canada Central Railway Company, which position he rmmed o 
 three or four years, until 1881, when the line became part of the Canadian Pacific 
 Railway Company’s system. His careful methodical habits of bumness 
 known, his services were in request by other public companies. He subsequently 
 became Receiver of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Railway Comply, and mow ^ 
 pies the Presidency of the following: the Dominion Transport 
 (the cartage agents of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company), 
 trict Telegraph Company, limited; and of the Electro-Mechanical Clock Company, 
 Hmhed He is also we believe, Vice-President of the British American Ra. che 
 Company, limited ; and Director of the Montreal Herald Printing and Pubhshmg 
 Company, limited. By no means least in importance of the positions held 7 M j 
 Cassils in connection with public companies is his directorship » the 
 Telegraph Company, which has 1,680 offices and 30,000 miles of wire scatte 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 339 
 
 Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick, as well as over large parts of Vermont and 
 New York and touching Michigan. His fifteen years of experience in the early days 
 of telegraphy form an interesting chapter in his life. Thirty-three years ago, before 
 the time of submarine cables, the wires were stretched across the St. Lawrence, near 
 Montreal; in summer, masts 210 feet high being set on either shore, while in winter 
 they were strung on poles stuck in the ice. There were but fourteen offices in the 
 five hundred miles between Quebec and Toronto, and telegrams from the latter city to 
 Montreal cost 3s. 9I currency. The modes of transmission, such as the Bain and 
 House system, as well as the more successful Morse system, had not then passed 
 the experimental stage, while the instruments were clumsy, and, measured by the pro- 
 gress of to-day, ineffective and slow. Having been a practical telegrapher, however, 
 
 ‘ in the day of small things, 1 electrically considered, and having watched the deve- 
 lopment of the science to its present marvellous stage, the experience and technical 
 knowledge of the man we are describing proves of decided service in his capacity of 
 director to-day. 1 To be a well-favored man is the gift of fortune,’ says the clown 
 in the play, words which are hardly less absurd than the rest of the sentence, ‘ but 
 readin and writin’ comes by natur’.’ A man’s pleasant looks are far more a matter 
 of disposition, surroundings and descent, than of chance. In temperament as well 
 as in appearance, Mr. Cassils is perceptibly a debtor to his parents, who were both 
 good looking ; the father being fine-featured and athletic, the mother (who still sur- 
 vives) fresh and douce . Both were of the spirited, sterling, God-fearing people of 
 
 whom Scotland has furnished so many to this and other lands. Their sons and 
 daughters, eight in number, are all in Canada ; the five sons are among the respected 
 business men of Montreal, and several of them besides the eldest, whom we are 
 describing, have attained positions of responsibility and prominence in that great 
 city. To be called * a popular man * is sometimes an ambiguous compliment. In 
 Mr. Cassils’ case, the popularity enjoyed is founded rather upon integrity, geniality 
 and quiet discernment than upon more showy but less admirable qualities.” 
 
 WILLIAM DARLING 
 
 u Was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1819, and when he was in his twenty-first year 
 came to Canada, establishing himself shortly afterwards at Montreal, where so dis- 
 tinguished and honorable a business career awaited him. His father having adopted 
 commerce in Edinburgh, the son resolved to try his fortune in the same sphere of 
 activity in our new country. He entered into the iron and hardware trade, and re- 
 mained connected with the same till the time of his death, achieving a wide measure 
 of success. Mr. Darling married Miss Davidson, of Edinburgh, and there were eight 
 children by the union, two of whom died in infancy. Two girls grew to maturity, 
 one of whom married Dr. G. W. Ross, of Montreal, and died suddenly within a year 
 of her marriage ; the other died unmarried. fFour sons grew up with their father’s 
 business, and were associated with him as partners. William and James remained 
 in Montreal, Andrew and Thomas J. went to Toronto, and took charge of the busi- 
 
340 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ness there, while William Darling, the subject of this memoir, continued up to the 
 time of his death a partner in both firms. He was the eldest brother of Henry W. 
 Darling and Robert Darling, of Toronto, and of Thomas and Adam Darling, of 
 Montreal. The business of the two houses which Mr. Darling controlled reached 
 every part of the several provinces, and while its style never changed, its methods of 
 operation always brought credit to the deceased founder for honorable and upright 
 dealing. Since 1840, he has been constantly and prominently identified with the 
 commercial and political interests of Montreal. For many years he was a member 
 of the Council of the Board of Trade, and for several terms its president. When 
 the Merchants Bank was in trouble several years ago, such was the confidence of 
 his fellow business men in Mr. Darling’s clear-sightedness, that he was called by 
 unanimous voice of the shareholders to take part in the management of the Bank. It 
 was largely due to Mr. Darling’s influence that George Hague was called to this Bank, 
 and the deceased merchant was thereafter Mr. Hague’s right-hand man. In 1878, 
 Mr. Darling was the Liberal candidate for Montreal West, when he was defeated by 
 M. H. Gault. Mr. Darling was an intimate friend of the Hon. Alexander Mac- 
 kenzie, Hon. Edward Blake, and the late Hon. L. H. Holton. On commercial law, 
 his opinion was regarded as second to that of no lawyer in the Dominion, and he 
 was largely concerned with Mr. Abbott in framing the Insolvency Act that was re- 
 pealed in 1879. He was selected by the Mackenzie Government as commissioner 
 to expropriate lands for the enlarged Lachine Canal, and so well was his work 
 appreciated, that on the change of Government Sir John Macdonald retained him in 
 that position till his duties were completed. He died at his residence at Hochelaga, 
 on the 18th of November, 1885, of inflammation of the lungs. 
 
 “ The character of Mr. Darling was the very highest, and he was a man of splen- 
 did abilities. Modesty is often associated with men of the highest worth, and this 
 was eminently so in the case of Mr. Darling, and, as pointed out by a leading news- 
 paper after his death, his shyness often kept him in the background when his 
 talents would have taken him to the front. At a meeting of the directors of the 
 Merchants Bank of Canada, the following resolution was passed : — ‘ That the direc- 
 tors of the Merchants Bank of Canada desire to place on record their deep sense of 
 the loss the Bank and mercantile community have sustained in the death of their 
 late esteemed colleague, Mr. William Darling. His large experience and sound 
 judgment were uniformly used in the advancement of the interests ot the Bank, and 
 his assiduous attention to the many important matters brought before the Board 
 greatly contributed to the position the Bank now occupies in the community. The 
 directors beg to convey to the widow and family of the deceased their sincere con 
 dolence on the loss they have sustained, and for the purpose of duly conveying to 
 them this mark of appreciation and sympathy, direct that a copy of this minute, duly 
 engrossed and signed, be forwarded by the President and General Manager on be- 
 half of the Bank. Andrew Allan, President ; G. Hague, General Manager. The 
 Council of the Board of Trade of Montreal passed the following : ‘ Resolved— that 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 341 
 
 the Council of the Montreal Board of Trade fully recognizes the valuable and 
 varied services so untiringly rendered to the commercial and trade interests of this 
 city by the late William Darling, Esq., during the many years in which he served 
 as a member of the Council, and afterwards as President of the Board, and the 
 Council now records its deep sense of the loss sustained by Montreal in his de- 
 cease ; that a copy of this resolution be communicated to the bereaved family, 
 together with an expression of the sincere sympathy of the Council. Permit me 
 to say, that I personally share in the regrets of the Council, and tender also my 
 respectful condolence. I am, dear sir, yours sincerely, W. J. Patterson, Secre- 
 tary; William Darling, Esq.’ Mr. Darling was often consulted by his brother 
 merchants, and was frequently called as arbitrator between them, as well as for 
 the Government in disputes that would otherwise have been carried before the 
 higher Courts in the Dominion. He was much devoted to farming and gardening, 
 and these occupations he carried on to some extent at his residence, Bloomfield 
 House, Hochelaga.” 
 
 JOHN READE 
 
 u Was born at Ballyshannon, County Donegal, Ireland, on the 13th November, 1837. 
 He was educated at Portora Royal School, Enniskillen, and Queen’s College, Bel- 
 fast. He came to Canada in 1856, and assisted by some friends established the 
 Montreal Literary Magazine, which, though favorably received by the press, failed 
 for want of support from the public. Mr. Reade afterwards became associated for a 
 time with the Montreal Gazette , and passed some years between journalism and pri- 
 vate tuition. In 1859, he began the study of Law, passing the preliminiary examina- 
 tion, but learning that the Rectorship of Lachute College was vacant, he applied for 
 the situation, which he obtained, retaining the same for three years. During this 
 time he was able to pursue the study of Theology, and in 1864-65 was ordained by 
 Bishop Fulford as a clergyman, and in that capacity served in the Eastern Town- 
 ships. In 1868-9, Mr. Reade had charge of a Church of England journal in Mon- 
 treal, and renewed his connection with the press of the latter city, which connection 
 has since continued. For the last sixteen years, with the exception of an interval of 
 a year or so spent in the country, Mr. Reade has been connected with the Montreal 
 Gazette . Since 1874 he has been regularly on its staff as literary and assistant 
 general editor. But it is as an author, as the writer of verse, that Mr. Reade has 
 the greatest claim upon the biographer. Among his contributions to the higher 
 class literature may be mentioned, ‘ The Prophecy of Merlin and other Poems/ 
 Dawson Brothers, 1870. Since the appearance of this volume, Mr. Reade has 
 written more than enough to make another book, which it is hoped the public will 
 shortly see. Our author has also written a number of translations, including pas- 
 sages from the Greek of Homer, ^F)schylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Pindar and Lucien ; 
 from the Latin of Horace, Ovid, Virgil, etc. ; from the French of Lamartine, Be- 
 ranger, Andre Chenier, Victor Arnault ; and of Canadian poets, Madame Glendon- 
 
342 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 wyn (Miss Chauveau), Dr. Hubert LaRue, F. R. Angers, etc. ; from the German 
 of Herder, Schiller, Koerner, Heine, etc. ; and from the Italian of Leopardi, Caterina 
 Franceschi, Alfieri, etc. Some of the latter translations were highly commended in 
 the Eco d' Italia, of New York. Mr. Reade has also written some tales 4 Winty 
 Dane’s Transformation,’ 4 The De Chalneys,’ ‘ The Ecclestons/ etc. He has con- 
 tributed either prose or verse to every magazine or review that has been started in 
 Canada during the last thirty years ; and he purposes publishing soon a volume of 
 essays on subjects connected with Canadian history, literature, etc. Some of these 
 were papers read before the Montreal Athenaeum, Kuklos Club, Literary and His- 
 torical Society of Quebec (of which Mr. Reade is an honorary member), the Royal 
 Society, etc. Others were delivered as lectures, and others contributed to magazines, 
 while several have not been in any way made known to the public. Among the 
 collection are these: 4 Were the Ancient Britains savage or civilized?’ ‘Thomas 
 D’Arcy McGee as a Poet,’ 4 Exploration before Columbus,’ ‘ History in Geogra- 
 phical Names,’ ‘ The Origin of Canadian Geographical Names,’ ‘ Origin and Early 
 History of the Alphabet,’ 4 The Half-breed,’ 4 Language as Indicating Conquest,’ 
 
 ‘ British Canada in the Last Century,’ 4 Some Curious Kinships— an Essay in Phil- 
 ology,’ 4 The Ethnology of Canada,’ and a critical and historical sketch of 4 Cana- 
 dian Literature.’ This work will probably be published soon. Some of Mr. 
 Reade’s historical papers have been translated into French. One of them, a review 
 of Abbe Desmazure’s admirable biography of Abbe l’aillon, author of the *‘ Histoire 
 de la Colonie Francaise,” and quite a library of other works, was translated and 
 published in Paris in one volume. Of the work of Mr. Reade there has 
 been but the one verdict by all the critics, namely, that it is fine and true, 
 exhibiting all those varieties of excellence that go to make verse imperishable. 
 Writing to Mr. Reade of the volume referred to, the late William Cullen Bryant 
 said : 4 It is no small merit in my eyes that you have avoided that misty phrase- 
 ology in which so many poets of the day are accustomed to wrap up their reflec- 
 tions, and that you clothe yours in a transparent, luminous diction.’ John J. 
 Whittier describes 4 Dominion Day ’ as 4 a fine outburst of patriotic song,’ and 
 bestows general praise upon Mr. Reade’s work. A like commendation came to 
 the author from Longfellow. But hosts of competent critics have employed their 
 pens in praise of Mr. Reade’s work, and the paper by L’Abbe Verreau, in the 
 Revue de Montreal, is a comprehensive tribute to the achievements of our 
 author. We produce the following stanzas, 4 Thalatta, Thalatta,’ for they exhibit 
 so many qualities, grace, ease, fervor and the lyrical lament : — 
 
 I 
 
 In my ear is the moan of the pines — in my heart is the song of the sea, 
 
 And I feel his salt breath on my face as he showers his kisses on me ; 
 
 And I hear the wild scream of the gulls, as they answer the call of the tide, 
 And I watch the fair sails as they glisten like gems on the breast of a bride. 
 
343 
 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 II. 
 
 F rom the rock where I stand to the sun is a pathway of sapphire and gold. 
 
 Like a waif of those Patmian visions that rapt the lone seer of old ; 
 
 And it seems to my soul like an omen that calls me far over the sea — 
 
 But I think of a little white cottage and one that is dearest to me. 
 
 III. 
 
 Westward ho ! Far away to the Fast is a cottage that looks to the shore — 
 
 Though each drop in the sea were a tear, as it was I can see it no more — 
 
 For the heart of its pride with the flowers of the ‘ Vale of the Shadow ’ reclines. 
 
 And — hushed is the song of the sea and hoarse is the moan of the pines. 
 
 This is at once true to nature and the heart of humanity, without which qualities 
 death must wait upon all verse. How accurately the discerning eye of Mr. Bryant 
 judged of the quality of such work, for if ever diction was transparent and 
 luminous, the above surely is, and like the above is all of Mr. Reade’s verse.” 
 
 DAVID TORRANCE. 
 
 “ Mr. Torrance, during his lifetime one of Montreal’s most successful and dis- 
 tinguished merchants, was of Scotch parentage. He was born in New \ork 
 in 1805, and died in Montreal, January 29th, 1876. When yet a boy he came to 
 Kingston, Upper Canada (now Ontario), with his father, James Torrance, who was 
 then extensively engaged in business in that town. In 1821, he removed to Montreal, 
 and became a clerk with his uncle, the late John Torrance, who kept a place of busi- 
 ness at the corner of St. Paul and St. Nicholas streets. By his close attention to his 
 duties, and aptitude to the work, he rapidly rose in his employer’s estimation, which 
 ended in his being taken into partnership in 1833. During his clerkship the late 
 Rev. Dr. Wilkes and the late Hon. John Young were engaged in the same establish- 
 ment. With the view of extending the business of the concern, in 1835 Mr. Torrance 
 entered into partnership with Mr. Young, of Quebec, under the firm name of Torrance 
 & Young; and on the retirement of the late John Torrance, the senior member, the 
 firm’s name was changed to that of D. Torrance & Co., which continued to the date 
 of his demise, his partners being for many years Thomas Cramp, and his son John 
 Torrance. In 1826, the old firm purchased a tug and passenger boat, the Hercules , 
 from John Handyside & Co., and placed it under the command of Captain Brush, 
 who afterwards became the proprietor of the Eagle Foundry, Montreal. This was 
 the first step towards the establishment of an opposition line to the Molsons’ steam- 
 boats, then plying on the St. Lawrence, and its stock was eventually merged in that 
 of the Richelieu Steamboat Company (now the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation 
 Company). Mr. Torrance was early alive to the great future in store for Montreal, 
 and was the first to launch out into direct trade with the East Indies and China, and 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 344 
 
 for over thirty years the name of his firm has been well known in the gieat Eastern 
 centres of commerce. As a business man he was remarkable for great force of 
 character and determination. This, combined with unflinching industry and regular 
 habits, made the immense business of the firm move ahead with precision. An old 
 friend of his once said of him, ‘ He was a model man in regard to his business and 
 social habits, and in the days of his prosperity was as regular in his attendance at 
 the counting house as when he first started in business. His ambition was great, but 
 tempered with prudence, and though he engaged in commercial ventures in other 
 cities than Montreal, yet was uniformly successful.’ Besides his promotion of com- 
 merce and navigation, he likewise proved himself a stay to our banking system, and 
 after holding office for a long time as one of the Directors of the Bank of Montreal, 
 he was in 1873 elected President, which responsible position he held at the time of 
 his death. His firm was also one of the originators of the Dominion Steamship 
 Company. While largely engaged in ocean commerce, his capital and resources 
 were also devoted to the carrying on of our inland forwarding trade. He was a dili- 
 gent merchant, and did not meddle much in public affairs, though he was a consis- 
 tent Liberal in politics throughout. To all benevolent and charitable schemes he 
 was a frequent and liberal giver. He was always ready to aid the distressed and 
 bring joy to those in want, and the main feature in this regard was the unostentatious 
 way in which he helped those in need. He was a member of the St. James Street 
 Methodist Church, and at the time of his death was one of its trustees. He was, in fact, 
 the thorough type of a merchant prince, a representative of a class which, unfortun- 
 ately, is far too small in these latter days. He was married to his cousin, the eldest 
 daughter of the late John Torrance. He was in feeble health some years previous 
 to his death, and had only a few months before to forego active business, and when 
 death at last came he passed away quietly, surrounded by his sorrowing family.” 
 
 HON. GEORGE. DUHAMEL. 
 
 His ancestors came from Breton, in France, and settled in Canada at the beginning 
 of the 17th century. He was born in Belceil, 1st January, 18551 educated at the 
 College of Marieville. He married at Montreal, 30th January, 1883, Miss M. C. A. 
 Dugas, daughter of the late Dr. Adolphe Dugas, a prominent patriot in 1837-38. He 
 is an Advocate of Quebec Bar. He was first returned to the Legislative Assembly, 
 14th December, 1886, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the member-elect, 
 Mr. Demers. He was sworn a member of the Executive Council and appointed 
 Solicitor-General, 29th January, 1887. He with the other members of the Executive 
 Council at Quebec was dismissed by the Lieut.-Governor Angers, on the 22nd 
 December last, but will again run in the coming election. He was the junior partner 
 of the extensive law firm of Adam & Duhamel. 
 
w 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 345 
 
 HON. JOSEPH EMERY ROBIDOUX, Q.C., 
 
 Was born in St. Philippe, County of Laprairie, Quebec, iotli March, 1844. 
 Educated at the Montreal College and Jesuits’ College. He entered McGill Univer- 
 sity, and after a brilliant course graduated in Law. Called to the Bar in 1886 and 
 appointed Q.C. He has been Professor of Civil Law at McGill University for ten 
 years, but resigned a year or two ago when his official and parliamentary duties 
 interfered with the Law Lectures at the College. Mr. Thomas Fortin, his late partner, 
 succeeded him in the Chair. In 1884, he was President of the McGill Graduate 
 Society, and Syndic of the Bar of the District of Montreal. Commissioned in 
 1879 to report on the Administration of Justice in Montreal, and also a member 
 of the Commission appointed to enquire into the matters connected with the building 
 of the Parliament House, Quebec. He was first returned to the Legislative Assembly, 
 for the County of Cbateauguay, 26th March, 1884, on the death of the late Doctor 
 Laberge, and was re-elected at the last General Election. He was admitted to the 
 Executive Council with the portfolio of Attorney-General of the Province, which he 
 managed with great skill till the Mercier Government was dismissed on the 20th 
 of December, 1891, but will run again as member of the County. He is a member 
 of the legal firm of Prefontaine, Robidoux & Co. 
 
346 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 DUNCAN CAMPBELL MacCALLUM, M.D., M.RC.S., Eng., 
 
 “ Fellow of the Obstetrical Society, London, Foundation Fellow of the British 
 Gynaecological Society, and Professor Emeritus, McGill University, Montreal, 
 was born in the Province of Quebec, on the 12th November, 1825. By descent Dr. 
 Campbell is a pure Celt, being the son of John MacCallum and Mary Campbell. 
 His maternal grandfather, Malcolm Campbell of Killin, during his lifetime widely 
 known and highly esteemed through the Perthshire Highlands, was a near kinsman 
 and relative, through the Lochiel Camerons, of the Earl of Breadalbane. Dr. Mac- 
 Callum received his medical education at McGill University, at which institution he 
 graduated as M.D. in the year 1850. Immediately on receiving his degree, he pro- 
 ceeded to Great Britain, and continued his studies in London, Edinburgh and Dub- 
 lin. After examination he was admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, 
 England, in February, 1851. Returning to Canada, he entered on the practice of his 
 profession in the City of Montreal, and was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy in 
 the Medical Faculty of McGill University, September, 1854. From that time to the 
 present he has been connected with the University, occupying various positions in 
 the Faculty of Medicine. In August, 1856, he was preferred to the chair of Clinical 
 Surgery. In November, i860, he was transferred to the chair of Clinical Medicine 
 and Medical Jurisprudence, and in April, 1868, received the appointment of Pro- 
 fessor of Midwifery and the Diseases of Women and Children, which position he held 
 until his resignation in 1883, on which occasion the Governors of the University 
 appointed him Professor Emeritus, retaining his precedence in the University. For 
 a period of twenty-nine years he has been actively engaged in the teaching of his 
 profession. Elected Visiting Physician to the Montreal General Hospital in February, 
 1856, he discharged the duties of that position until the year 1877, when he resigned, 
 and was placed by the vote of the Governors of that institution on the consulting 
 staff. From 1868 till 1883 he had charge of the University Lying-in Hospital, to 
 which he is now attached as consulting physician, and for a period of fourteen years 
 he was physician to the Hervey Institute for Children, to which charity also he is 
 now consulting physician. He has also taken a warm interest in the literature of 
 his profession, and articles from his pen have appeared in the British American Med- 
 ical and Surgical Journal , the Canada Medical Journal , and the ‘ Transactions of 
 the Obstetrical Society of London, England.’ In the year 1854, he, in conjunction 
 with Dr. Wm. Wright, established and edited the Medical Chronicle , which had an 
 existence of six years. He was Vice-President for Canada of the section of Obste- 
 trics in the ninth International Medical Congress, which was held at Washington 
 during the week commencing September 5th, 1887. Dr. MacCallum married in 
 October, 1867, Mary Josephine Guy, second daughter of the late Hon. Hippolyte 
 Guy, Judge of the Superior Court of Lower Canada.” 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL 
 
 347 
 
 PIERRE GUY. 
 
 11 The Guy family, of ancient and noble origin, supposed to be a branch of the Guy 
 de Montfort family, has been distinguished for the valuable services, military and civil, 
 which its members have rendered to the Province of Quebec, both under the old and 
 new regimes. Pierre Guy, the first of the name to settle in Canada, joined the French 
 army under M. de Vaudreuil, in which he rose rapidly to the rank of captain. He took 
 an active part in the engagements which were then so frequent between theFrench in 
 Quebec and English in Massachusetts and New York. He died at the early age of forty- 
 eight. His son Pierre, who was sent to France, and received a thorough and careful 
 education, also joined the French army and distinguished himself under General Mont, 
 calm at the battle of Carillon, and in the following year at Montmorency. The battle of 
 the Plains of Abraham having annihilated the power of France in Canada, young 
 Guy with others left for France after the capitulation of the country, where he re- 
 mained till 1764. Returning to Canada, he accepted the situation, entered into 
 business at Montreal, and became a loyal subject of Great Britain. Shortly after, 
 when General Montgomery invaded Canada, he took up arms for the defence of the 
 country, and this so exasperated the Americans that they sacked his stores after the 
 capitulation of Montreal. In 1776, he received from the Crown the appointment of 
 Judge, which at that time was considered a signal mark of favor, and in 1802 he was 
 promoted to the rank of Colonel of Militia. A man of great attainments and 
 scholarly parts, he was an ardent promoter of all educational projects. He was one 
 of the most active in the foundation of the College St. Raphael, under the control of 
 the gentlemen of the Seminary of the Sulpician Order, and which still exists and 
 flourishes under the name of the 4 College of Montreal.’ He died in 1812, and left 
 several sons and daughters. Louis, who, by the death of his brother, became the 
 eldest of the family, was an intimate friend and adviser of Sir James Kempt, and 
 subsequently of Lord Aylmer. He was made a Councillor by King William in Feb- 
 ruary, 1831. He died in 1840. Of his family, Judge Hippolyte Guy was the second 
 son The eldest son, named Louis, received a commission as Lieutenant in the 
 British Army, through the influence of the Duke of Wellington, in consideration of 
 the bravery he had displayed at the battle of Chateauguay, where he gallantly led 
 the advanced guard of the Voltigeurs. Several years before entering the British army 
 he served as a member of the body guard of Charles X. of France, into which no one 
 was admitted who was not of proved noble origin. Judge Guy married the adopted 
 daughter of Chief Justice Valli£res, and had four children, a son who died in youth, 
 and three daughters. The eldest of the latter is married to Chief Justice Austin, 
 late of Nassau, Bahamas, and the youngest to Gustave Fabre, brother to Archbishop 
 Fabre, Montreal.” 
 
 
348 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 DUKE OF RICHMOND, K.G. 
 
 Charles Gordon Lennox, fourth Duke of Richmond, Earl of March, and Baron 
 of Sittrington in the peerage of England ; Duke of Lennox, Earl of Darnley and 
 Baron Methuen in the peerage of Scotland, and Duke d’Aubigny in France, was the 
 only son of Lieutenant-General Lord George Henry Lennox, by Louisa, daughter of 
 the fourth Marquis of Lothian, having been born in 1764. His Grace succeeded 
 General Sherbrooke in the Government of Canada, on the 29th July, 1819. He had 
 previously held the high and distinguished office of Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, in 
 which he had given much satisfaction to the people of that distracted country. 
 
 His administration of the Government here was not of a prolonged nature; but 
 during the short time he held the reins of power, he did much to show the deter- 
 mined and energetic nature of his character ; more particularly on the occasion when 
 the Legislature having refused to grant any supplies to defray the Civil List, he 
 drew on the Receiver-General on his own responsibility. Death cut short the career 
 of this great man, on the 27th August, 1820, during a tour of inspection in Upper 
 Canada, singularly enough through the bite of a tame fox, not expected to be in a 
 rabid state, with which he was amusing himself. His demise occurred at a village 
 on the Ottawa, and called after himself ; his remains were conveyed to Quebec, and 
 buried in the English Cathedral of that ancient city. 
 
 His Grace had married in 1789, Charlotte, daughter of the fourth Duke of Gor- 
 don, by whom he had a large progeny. 
 
 The original letter, which we produce, describing the manner of his death, was 
 written by a member of his staff, and may be interesting to our readers : — 
 
 “ Quebec, September 6. — You will learn from the Quebec papers the melancholy 
 event of the death of his Grace the Duke of Richmond ; but notwithstanding what 
 you will observe in them, it is affirmed a case of hydrophobia was the cause of this 
 sad catastrophe, and it is asserted to have originated from the bite of a fox on the 
 28th of June. His Grace having left this place about the 24th of June on an exten- 
 sive tour through the Canadas, after his arrival at William Henry, one hundred and 
 thirty-five miles up the river, whilst walking about the village with his little dog 
 Blucher, met a fox about the place, with which the dog appeared sociable, and they 
 entered into play together. His Grace seemed much pleased, and expressed some- 
 thing like a wish that the fox should be purchased. Accordingly, the hint was 
 attended to by a servant belonging to the suit, who purchased the fox the same night. 
 Next morning Sir C. Saxton, seeing the fox tied to a tent pitched for the accommo- 
 dation of the servants, and apparently much irritated from his restrained situation 
 under a scorching sun, desired that the animal should be removed somewhere in the 
 shade. He was then fixed to a wicket-gate in the front of the house. His Grace, 
 on coming out in the morning, observed the fox, which he knew to be the same he 
 had seen the day before, went up to him, saying, ‘ Is this you, my little fellow?’ 
 and on offering to put out his hand to caress the fox, Sir Charles Saxton touched the 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 349 
 
 Duke on the shoulder to prevent it, appraising his Grace at the same time of the 
 irritation of the fox, and that he might bite. ‘ No, no,’ said his Grace, ‘the little 
 fellow will not bite me ! ’ and putting out his hand, the fox snapped, and made three 
 scratches on the back of his hand, which drew blood. His Grace, quickly drawing 
 it back said, ‘ Indeed, my friend, you bite very hard.’ The next morning his Grace 
 found an uneasy sensation in his shoulder ; but nothing furthered occurred till near 
 returning from his lour ; when at the new back settlement of Perth, on the 22nd or 
 23rd of August, after having returned from walking, his Grace desired his servant to 
 make two glasses of wine and water for himself and Major Bowles. As soon as the 
 Duke took the wine and water, he observed to the Major that he felt a strange sen- 
 sation on drinking it. On the way from Perth towards the Ottawa River, some of the 
 attendants observed his irritability, and extreme aversion to water on crossing the 
 smallest streamlets in the woods, and they could scarcely get him along. On his 
 approaching a small hut on the Ottawa River, rather than go into a house close to 
 the river, he turned short and ran into a barn ; at another time he ran from them 
 into the woods, as if to shun the sight of water. His disorder was now rapidly 
 increasing ; but on his arrival ^within six miles this side of the new named place 
 Richmond, after suffering excruciating torments, he died at eight o’clock on Saturday 
 morning, the 28th of August.” 
 
 The following is an extract from the Montreal Herald of that day : — 
 
 “ In public life he was steady, firm and decisive in his measures. He was acces- 
 sible to all who chose to prefer their complaints to him ; and when he was compelled 
 to refuse their prayers, he anxiously studied to convey that refusal in terms the least 
 unpleasing to the feelings of the applicant. In private life his affable condescension 
 was gratifying to all around him ; and although he could descend to the social inter- 
 course of the domestic circle, he never lost sight of that native dignity which repelled 
 improper liberties, and checked the forward. In early life, devoted from choice to 
 the profession of arms, he evinced that most valuable of all qualities in an officer, 
 the power of securing the attachment of those under him. And when he afterwards 
 came to be employed in the more difficult and complex . duties of a ruler, he performed 
 the office so as to secure him the esteem and confidence of his sovereign, and the 
 ardent attachment of those people over whom he was placed. A striking instance 
 of this was evinced in his appointment as Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland. At a time 
 when contending parties and discontented individuals distracted the public mind in 
 that country, his Grace’s behavior soon produced the happiest result. His affable 
 condescension pleased all parties ; his confidence gained their esteem ; and they soon 
 discovered that the chief aim of his administration was to relieve their distresses, and 
 promote their happiness. At the present time, though twelve years have elapsed 
 since his appointment to office, the anniversary of the arrival of the Duke of Richmond 
 in Ireland still continues to be celebrated in that country with the warmest enthusiasm 
 and most gratifying recollection of the event. And that we consider a higher tribute 
 to his memory than ‘ storied urn or monumental epitaph ’ can ever perpetuate.” 
 
350 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 It was resolved by the magistrates in Montreal, in consequence of the death of 
 this lamented nobleman, that the public should be requested to wear mourning for 
 thirty days. 
 
 COLONEL DeSALABERRY, C.B. 
 
 The family of DeSalaberry is descended from a noble family of the Pays des Basques 
 (Navarre). The father of the subject of this notice was a Legislative Councillor, 
 and devotedly attached to his Sovereign, so much so indeed that he placed his four 
 sons in the army. 
 
 “ The Hon. Charles Michel dTrumberry DeSalaberry, C.B., surnamed the Cana- 
 dian Leonidas, was born at the Manor House of Beauport November, 19th, 1778. 
 He married Demoiselle Hertel de Rouville, and served during the space of eleven 
 years in the West Indies, under General Prescott. At the siege of Fort Matilda 
 under Prescott, he commanded the Grenadier company of the 4th battalion, 60th 
 Regiment, which covered the retreat. In 1795, he served at the conquest of Martin- 
 ique ; became Aidede-Camp to Major-General de Rottenburg, and accompanied 
 him in the Walcheren Expedition. Circumstances recalled him to his country, 
 where he formed the Voltigeurs ; and Lieutenant-Colonel commanding this fine corps, 
 he was selected as one of the chiefs of the staff of the Militia. Attacked at Lacolle, 
 at the end of 1812, he fought the Americans until night ; in attempting to surround 
 him, they fired against each other, which soon terminated in their retreat ; thus 
 ended the first battle of DeSalaberry and the Voltigeurs. DeSalaberry, in proceed- 
 ing to discover the whereabouts of General Hampton, obstructed the road from Odel- 
 town to L’Acadie, by cutting down a great many trees. After several skirmishes, 
 the Americans retired to a place called Four Corners. His adversary made an 
 incursion into his camp, at the head of two hundred Voltigeurs and one hundred 
 and fifty Indian warriors of the tribe of Lower Canada, and threw the enemy into 
 disorder, without any loss on his own side. Hampton being repulsed in the Odel- 
 town route, resolved wisely to effect a junction with his Chief General, in taking the 
 route leading to Chateauguay. DeSalaberry was too sagacious not to discover that 
 this strategic point was the road which Hampton would be sure to take in order to 
 join Dearborn. The former, in the meantime, swept away the English pickets, and 
 Major Henry with difficulty resisted them ; when DeSalaberry ably shifted his 
 position, and threw himself on the route to face that General. The Canadian hero, 
 who had the advantage of being acquainted with the whole of the country above 
 the Chateauguay, then ascended to the left of the bank of the river, to reach the 
 other extremity of a wood, where he knew there was an excellant position in a 
 swamp, intercepted by deep rivulets. On four of these he established lines of 
 defence in succession. The fourth was about half a mile in the rear, and commanded 
 a ford on the right shore, which was a very important point of defence, with a view 
 to the protection of the left bank. He caused to be erected on each of these lines a 
 sort of breastwork, which was extended some distance in the woods, to protect his 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 35 1 
 
 right. The breastwork on his first line formed an obtuse angle on the right of the 
 road. On the 24th of October, the American General advanced at the head of 
 seven hundred infantry and four hundred horse, with twelve pieces of artillery, send, 
 ing during the night Col. Purdy to take possession of the ford, but this officer lost 
 his way in the woods. The next day, Hampton made an advance in person towards 
 the abattis, with 3,500 men, and placed Purdy at the head of 1,500 men, to attempt 
 again to turn the Canadians, leaving in reserve the remainder of his troops. De« 
 Salaberry warned of this movement, by the fire directed on his advanced pickets, 
 now seeing before him an enemy whom he had on two former occasions brought to 
 the charge, advanced in front ; and, giving the signal, placed himself in the centre 
 of the first line of defence, leaving the second in charge of Lieut.-Col. Macdonnell. 
 The firing commenced on both sides, but badly directed by the Americans. They 
 fired better afterwards ; meanwhile, the circumstance of hearing incessantly the 
 reports from the corps at different intervals, led them to believe that the Canadians 
 were advancing in great numbers, and their ardor began to weaken. Purdy’s column 
 arrived at the ford during the engagement, but was repulsed and thrown into disorder 
 by DeSalaberry, who had directed his attention to that particular spot. Seeing his 
 plan disconcerted by the defeat of that division, the American Commander ordered 
 a retreat, which he effected with considerable loss. DeSalaberry slept on the field 
 of battle, and on the following day at daybreak he was joined by Captain de Rouville, 
 his brother-in-law, with his company of Voltigeurs, the Watteville Grenadiers, 
 together with a few of the native warriors. On the 28th he sent Captain Ducharme, 
 with one hundred and fifty warriors, to reconnoitre, and they assured him that the 
 Americans had abandoned their camp on Piper’s road, and returned to Plattsburg. 
 Wilkinson, who was at Cornwall, hearing of the defeat of his colleague, retired to 
 Salmon River, and fortified himself. The victory at Chateauguay permitted the 
 Baron de Rottenburg, and afterwards Sir Gordon Drummond, his successor in com- 
 mand, to resume the offensive in Upper Canada. Great Britain commemorated the 
 victory by causing a gold medal to be struck ; the Voltigeurs were presented with 
 colors, ornamented with devices ; and DeSalaberry, beside the gold medal, had the 
 Order of the Bath conferred upon him, transmitted with an autograph letter from His 
 Royal Highness the Prince Regent. The two Houses of the Provincial Legislature 
 passed a vote of thanks to him. The Voltigeurs took part in the second victory 
 obtained at Lacolle, in March, 1814. DeSalaberry laid down the sword for the pen. 
 He became a Senator, being called to the Legislative Council in 1818, at the same 
 time as Bishop Plessis. He died at Chambly, on the 26th February, 1829, aged 
 fifty-one years ; and was buried in the new church at that place, which was erected 
 in the room of the one destroyed by fire in 1806. DeSalaberry is represented in 
 his likeness attired in the uniform worn by the Voltigeurs decorated with the Chateau, 
 guay medal and the Cross of the Bath, with his sword under his arm. His family 
 crest is also seen. The escutcheon of our compatriot bears the motto becoming to 
 the parfait chevalier : ‘ Force d superbe; merci d faible' A medallion repre- 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 35 2 
 
 seating a battle in the woods. On the trunk of a tree, reversed, is written : ‘Cha- 
 
 teaucuay 26th October, 1813.’ A serpent biting his tail, symbol of immortality, 
 Circles the medal. With respect to the English medal at Chateauguay, Britannia 
 is seen bearing a palm in hand, crowning a lion at her feet. On the reverse is 
 
 engraved Chateauguay. 
 
 A fine monument has been erected at Chambly to his memory, at the unveiling 
 of which Col. Harwood made one of the finest speeches ever delivered in Canada. 
 
 JUDGE VINCESLAS PAUL WILFRED DORION 
 
 Was born on the 2nd October, 1827 , at St. Anne La Perade, 111 the District ofThree 
 ' r 1 Ie was the son of the late Pierre Antoine Donon, a merchant of the place,, 
 fnd an ex-M P for the County of Champlain before the troubles of 1837. His mother’s 
 name was Genevieve Bureau. He went to a common school at an early age, and it 
 is greatly to his credit how he advanced in his profession, that he never received 
 a collegiate education, but is really a self-taught and self-made man. At the age of 
 thirteen he entered a country store as junior clerk. He came to Montreal in May, 
 g and remained three years in Messrs. Fabre & Gravel’s book store as their 
 assistant. Determined to enter a profession he chose that of the Law, and 111 May 
 o . . he began to study. For some years he studied hard, and at the end of his 
 Ses was admitted to the Bar in June, 1850. He then entered into partnership 
 •ti C S Cherrier Esq., Q.C., and his brother, Sir A. A. Donon, the late 
 Chief fustice He took an active part in the foundation of the Institut Canadten of 
 Montreal, and filled successively nearly all the offices in the Society, including the Presi- 
 dency to which high position he was unanimously elected. He was one of the collabora 
 
 ir rs of /’ Avenir and for several years co-proprietor of the Pays with C. F. Papineau, 
 eTn the p»per w.,Lrg.<l into .h. Printing .»d Publishing C«W 
 
 of Canada He was moderate but firm in his political convictions, and a true Libe • 
 He had taken part in nearly all political and electoral contests since the Hon. . 
 Petits nominated by die Liberal Party as their candidate for Montreal in he 
 whiter of 1851-52. He had for several times held the high position ot Member of 
 Council of the Bar of Montreal. In 1866, when his brother, J. B. E. Donon, Esq., mem 
 Wot Dtnlond nnd Arthabaska, died, he was ojeted the candidature otthes. - 
 large constituencies. Considering, however, that general elections would soon be 
 under the Confederation Act, he declined, in order not to submit the counties 0 a 
 
 second election within so short a time. 
 
 When the General Elections took place he was asked to stand for the Coun y 
 Chambly and also for Drummond and Arthabaska. He was very reluctant to accept 
 either on account of his professional business, but the elections being considered i so 
 important, he ran for Chambly for the Federal House, and Drummond and A 
 ba ka for the Local. Not having been able to .attend either the nomination or votat.o 
 in Drummond and Arthabaska, he was defeated by a very small majority and 
 his co-candidate, Mr. S6n6cal, was returned. He was raised to the Bench 
 time after this, and died some years ago in Montreal. 
 

353 
 
 kJ 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 H. C. ST. PIERRE, Q.C. 
 
 1 he subject of this sketch was born at St. Madeleine de Rigaud, 13th September, 
 1842 . His father, Joseph St. Pierre, “ cultivateur,” having died when he was not 
 much more than two years of age, C. Raymond, merchant of Isle Bizard, took charge 
 of the child and reared him as his own son. At the age of twelve years he entered 
 the College of Montreal, where he passed through all his studies with success. In 
 1862, he left the College, and the young student, as his temperament shows even at 
 this present day, full of energy and vim, wished to enter the Army of the Northern 
 States. The War of Secession was in all its fury, but the wish of his friends and pro- 
 tectors was against it. 
 
 By the death of his protector he had to launch out on life’s journey by himself. 
 Thus, we find him at this time in Kingston, Ontario, studying Law in the office of 
 the well-known James Agnew, Esq. As soon as he passed his examinations he 
 returned to the States and enlisted in the 76th New York Volunteers, which formed 
 part of the Army of the Potomac, and was sent to the front. In two months he became 
 Sergeant. At the retreat of General Mead he received a wound, and again receiving 
 a wound at Mine Run, near Fredericksburg, which stretched him on the battle field, 
 he was taken prisoner of war by the enemy’s cavalry and transported to Gordonsvilie, 
 not far from Richmond, the Capital. So it came to pass that his name was recorded in 
 the battle roll as slain on the field of honor. A funeral service was even celebrated 
 for him in the Montreal College and in St. Madeleine, his native place. It would be 
 long to enumerate all the sufferings which he endured during thirteen months in the dif- 
 ferent military prisons where he was confined, but by the evacuation of Charleston by 
 the Army of the South in 1865, heat last attained his liberty. Pen cannot describe the 
 joy, the pleasure, the delight when he once more appeared in his native land by his 
 parents, bv his friends and by the community at large, who had so long thought him 
 dead and buried on an American battle field. In 1866, having been admitted to the 
 study of his profession, he was successively in the offices of Messrs. Cartier, Pominville 
 & Betournay, F. X. A. Trudel and J. J. C. Abbott, and in July, 1870, he was admitted 
 to the Bar of the Province of Quebec. In 1871, he was associated with the Hon. 
 Gedeon Ouimet, now Superintendent of Education. Mr. St. Pierre has never identi- 
 fied himself much with political or civic affairs, the duties of his extensive and ever 
 increasing practice, especially that of the Criminal Courts, has taken up all his time 
 and attention. 
 
 In 1874, he married Mile. Adeline Albina Lesieur, daughter of Adolphe 
 Lesieur, merchant, of Terrebonne, and niece of the late Judge T. J. J. Loranger, and 
 of the present worthy representative of the name, Hon. L. O. Loranger, Judge of the 
 Superior Court, Montreal. Madame St. Pierre is well known for her numerous acts 
 of charity and her great reputation as a pianist, and like her husband, who is one of 
 the most talented singers in Montreal, always ready to give her time and talents to 
 aid anv charitable undertaking. The Author speaks of them both when the presenta- 
 
 23 
 
354 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 tion of a purse of money was made to the late Madame DeLorimier, of L’Assomption 
 the widow of the renowned Chevalier DeLorimier, who was the twelfth and last of the 
 Patriots of 1837-1838, who were hanged at the Montreal Gaol in 1839. The world 
 thinks not the less of her because of her actions that day to the widow of the patriot. 
 
 The first case which Mr. St. Pierre pleaded was in the Court of Queen’s Bench 
 in 1872. He defended three men accused of murder. It was a difficult case to 
 handle, nevertheless two were acquitted and the third was pronounced guilty of 
 assault on the person. He received an enthusiastic ovation at the conclusion of the 
 trial. Many others accused of murder have been acquitted by his indefatigable 
 means. One of the most notable trials was that of Ferrari, an Italian, who stabbed 
 to the heart another countryman. In this trial Mr. St. Pierre was ably seconded by 
 Mr. Donald McMaster, one of the brightest lights now of the Montreal Bar. The 
 accused was acquitted. Again, a brilliant manifestation was given to Mr. St. Pierre 
 after the proceedings were closed, and he was carried triumphantly to the Hotel 
 Richelieu. In the case of “ Caza,” a celebrated trial in which Messrs. Geoffrion & 
 Poirier were also engaged with Mr. St. Pierre, the prisoner was acquitted. This 
 was made for Mr. St. Pierre a veritable triumph. Let me copy from a French pub- 
 lication what it says of this trial and result : “ A cette occasion une personne dont 
 je cacherai le nom, pour eviter de blesser sa modestie, fit publier, dans La Patrie , 
 les vers suivants : 
 
 11 faut bien Pavouer : au Ciel et sur la terre 
 Nous avons deux puissants St. Pierre : 
 
 L’un si£ge avec dclat au port brillant des cieux ; 
 
 L autre, aux portes de fer des prisons de ces lieux. 
 
 Voili bien la ressemblance ,* 
 
 Mais quant a ce qu’aux leurs ils peuvent garantir, 
 
 Quelle est done la difference ? 
 
 Eh !. . J'un les fait entter , Vautie les fait sortiri ” 
 
 In the celebrated case of the Detectives, Fahey, Naegle and Bureau, his pleading for 
 Bureau was one of fine oratory rarely heard within the walls of the Court House. 
 I here is also the case of Benson, tried for the murder of his wife, whom he had 
 shot with a revolver, under the eyes of the deceased woman’s own child, aged twelve 
 years. He was acquitted on the 16th March, 1889. The result thus obtained 
 inspired the following lines from a friend of his : 
 
 De ce nouveau succ&s qu’il ajoute a tant d’auties 
 Je viens feliciter l’ami San turn Petrum . 
 
 Grace & lui Sir Benson passe au rang des Apotres. 
 
 “ Non licet omnibus adire Corinthum.” 
 
 Next comes the case of McGrath for the murder of Holden. McGrath had cut 
 Holden s throat with a razor. Mr. St. Pierre was assisted by Mr. McCormick. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 355 
 
 McGrath was found guilty of manslaughter, which was the plea offered all along by 
 the defense. 
 
 Mr. St. Pierre was appointed Queen’s Counsel, January, 1889, and no man of 
 the Bar of Montreal has achieved such a reputation as the subject of this sketch in 
 the Criminal Courts. He stands side by side with Hon. J. A. Chapleau, who twenty 
 years ago was the great criminal lawyer of the city. He is in the prime of life, and 
 may he be long spared to be an ornament to the profession. 
 
 SAMPSON P. ROBINS, M.A., LL.D., 
 
 Was born at Feversham, County of Kent, England, 26th January, 1833. His 
 father was the Rev. Paul Robins, Minister of the Bible Christian Church, and 
 Ann Vicker (a good old Welsh English name) was his wife. They are an old 
 Cornwall family, though his mother originally hails from the Principality of 
 Wales. He came to Canada in 1846 with his parents, they settling at Peter- 
 borough, Ont. Here he had the good fortune to come under the notice of the 
 Rev. R. C. Taylor, the Rector of the Parish and Head Master of the Grammar 
 School. Like the Writer of this sketch, he began teaching at sixteen years of 
 age. He was a born educator, and at this ag? taught his first school in the 
 Township of Drummond, County of Victoria, Ont. From this place he removed to 
 Northumberland, where he taught three years. 
 
 In 1851, Mr. Robins went to Toronto and entered as a pupil in the Normal 
 School. After teaching in this school and the Model School for more than three 
 years, he was appointed Head Master of the Central School of the Town of Brant- 
 ford. 
 
 When the Normal School was established in Montreal in 1857, Mr. Robins 
 removed to the Metropolis to become one of the Professors in that institution, and 
 he continued to fill that position for the next thirteen years. Meantime he con- 
 nected himself with the Arts Course of McGill University, did double work while an 
 undergraduate, and was made B.A. in 1863, and M.A. in 1868. The degree of 
 LL.D. was given him from his Alma Mater in 1880. Dr. Robins is a first-class 
 mathematician, and came to Montreal as the Professor of Mathematics in the Normal 
 School. He has been Superintendent of the Protestant Schools of Montreal. He 
 is one of our most energetic and well-known teachers, and as an educator has not 
 his equal in the Province. A year or two ago he was appointed the Principal of the 
 Protestant Normal School, a position which he richly deserved for his long series of 
 labors in the cause of education in the Province of Quebec. The Protestant Schools 
 under the control of the School Commissioners of Montreal give a great deal of their 
 advancement, usefulness and reputation to his ever fostering-care. His able and 
 zealous exertions in the cause of education can never be surpassed. 
 
 He married, in 1834, Miss Elizabeth Hore, of Camborne, Ont., but she died in 
 1867. He again married, in 1871, Miss Jane Dougall, of Montreal. Mrs. Robins 
 

 ^6 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 deserves a passing remark. She was at the time of her marriage a teacher in the city, 
 and one of the best in Montreal. She had a remarkable forte for Mathematics and 
 occult sciences, but it is presumed, like many others, her children and household 
 cares have prevented her from advancing still further in those branches in which 
 she had excelled. 
 
 Dr. Robins is a member of the Methodist Church, and has been an office bearer 
 in that Christian body for nearly forty years. He is a class leader and local preacher, 
 and as untiring in his religious duties as he has ever been in his educational. Some 
 of his children are, like their father and mother, born teachers. If a general Protes- 
 tant Superintendent of all the schools in Quebec Province, and of all the Inspectors 
 of those schools, should, as it is intended, be appointed, no man is more fitted to 
 fill the position than Dr. Robins, and the Government will do well to appoint him, 
 leaving all considerations of class or politics, as the right man in the right place. 
 
 JOSEPH FROBISHER 
 
 Was one of those who in the winter of 1783-4, with Simon McTavish, formed what 
 has been known in Canadian History as the “ North-West Company.” He was the 
 first to proceed to the great unknown West, and went as far as the Churchill River. 
 Up to 1774, all the Indians of that vast region were accustomed to carry their furs 
 to the Hudsons Bay. Mr. Frobisher meeting several bands of Indians on the way 
 thither induced them to trade with him. He remained two years in the country, 
 enduring great hardships, but established a firm trade with the Red Men. He re- 
 turned in 1776, and during these two years, so plentiful were the furs in those days, 
 and bought on such advantageous terms, that when he arrived in Montreal he had 
 secured what was at that time counted a competency. His brother Benjamin, who 
 died in 1787, travelled even further West, and was the first white man who ever 
 reached “ Isle a la Croix.” 
 
 In 1798, Joseph retired from commercial life. He had come from England, and 
 with James McGill was a vestryman of what was then called the “ Protestant Con- 
 gregation of Montreal.” This afterwards became Christ Church, erected in Notre 
 Dame street, and burned down. It is now the English Cathedral in St. Catherine 
 street. He and John Richardson represented the East Ward of Montreal in the 
 very first Parliament of Lower Canada in 1792. His son represented St. Laurent 
 District in 1804. 
 
 With John Gray, Daniel Sutherland and several others, he formed the first Com- 
 pany, in 1801, to construct water works for the city. He received a grant of no less 
 than 11.550 acres of land from Governor Milnes in 1802. This property was situ- 
 ated in the Township of Ireland, and in the next Township a hill to this day is 
 called li Frobisher Hill.” He built a fine large residence and called it “ Beaver 
 Hall,” after the way he had made his fortune. It was burnt down in 1847? but bie 
 name will ever remain as at this day in that part of Montreal, u Beaver Hall Hill. 
 
357 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 RICHARD WHITE, 
 
 Brother of the late Hon. Thomas White, was born in the city of Quebec, 1835. 
 In 1853, in conjunction with his brother, he established the Peterborough Review . 
 Richard attended to the business, and Thomas undertook the editorial management 
 of the journal. In 1865, they then became the possessors of the Hamilton Spec- 
 tator , which they controlled for the next five years. In 1870, they purchased the 
 Montreal Gazette . This is one of the oldest newspapers in Canada, having been founded 
 in 1778. In r 879 the name was changed from T. & R. While to “ The Gazette 
 Printing Company/’ Mr. R. White was appointed managing director, which position 
 he continues to hold to the present day. The Company also prints the Legal News , 
 Montreal Law Reports, the Canada Medical Jouriial and the Educational Record . 
 In 1886, he was elected as one of the Aldermen of Montreal. It was during the 
 small pox epidemic that Mr. White displayed much energy and did a great amount of 
 good. After his tenure of office he retired, as all his time is required for the 
 immense business of the firm. 
 
 He married Jane Riddle, daughter of John Riddle, for many years a citizen of 
 Montreal. His eldest son, W. J. White, B.C.L., is an advocate in the city. Mr. 
 White is Lay Secretary to the Synod of the Diocese of Montreal, and never misses 
 the annual meeting, where he is always listened to with much attention. 
 
 HON. LOUIS ADELARD SENECAL. 
 
 His ancestors came from France, his father being a farmer in County of Vercheres, 
 P.Q. Born at Varennes, 10th July, 1829, and educated there and in Burlington, 
 U.S., he married, in 1850, Delphine, daughter of Lieut.-Colonel Dansereau, merchant, 
 Vercheres. He was Commander of the Legion d’Honneur, France. He was a 
 Financier and President of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, was 
 General Superintendent of the Government Railways of the Province of Quebec, 
 and President of the North Shore Railway and of the Montreal City Passenger Rail- 
 way. He opened to navigation, in 1857, the Yamaska River, between Sorel and St. 
 Aime, and the St. Francis River between Sorel and St. Francis. He constructed 
 the Richelieu, Drummond and Arthabaska Railway, now a portion of the South 
 Eastern Railway; the Laurentian Railway, from St. Ther£se to St. Lin; the St. 
 Eustache Railway, from St. TherSse to St. Eustache ; the Berthier Railway ; the 
 Lanoraie, Joilette and St. Felix de Valois Railway; the L’Assomption Railway; 
 and the Basses Laurentides Railway. He built and worked for two winters, what 
 was one of the greatest wonders of modern railroading and the constant object of 
 interest to natives as well as strangers, viz., the Ice Railway on the St. Lawrence, 
 from Montreal to Longueuil. He sat in the Commons for Drummond and Artha- 
 baska from 1867 to 1871, and in the Quebec Assembly from 1867 to 1872. He 
 was called to the Senate 12th March, 1887, and died some years ago. He was well 
 styled “ The Railway King/’ 
 
353 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 WILLIAM CHRISTIAN MUNDERLOH, 
 
 GERMAN CONSUL. 
 
 He was born in Elsfleth, Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, Germany, on 8th September, 
 1831. His father’s name was Heinrich Munderloh and his mother’s Meta von Lienen. 
 In the year 1847, he llis birthplace for Bremen, where he served four years as 
 apprentice in a dry goods house. He remained till 1857 in Bremen, occupying the 
 position as clerk in a dry goods establishment. 
 
 In the spring of 1857, he was fortunate in obtaining an engagement as clerk in a 
 Montreal wholesale dry goods house, and arrived on 15th June same year, and 
 on the following day entered his new position, which he held for about three years. 
 He was two years the traveller, which gave him an excellent opportunity of getting 
 a thorough knowledge of what was then called Upper and Lower Canada, and was 
 convinced that the possibilities of Canada were very great, and liking the country 
 and its inhabitants very much, he made up his mind to make Canada his adopted 
 country. 
 
 Before he left Germany he had promised his aged father that he would return 
 in about three years, and consequently he sailed from Portland in the fall of i860, and 
 reached his native place just in time to meet his father once more alive, as he died 
 in January, 1861. 
 
 He again started for Canada in the same year, and shortly after commenced 
 business (wholesale dry goods) on his own account ; but importing dry goods from 
 the Continent at that time did not offer sufficient scope to extend his business, and as 
 he saw a fair chance in the shipping between Canada and the Continent of Europe, 
 he endeavored to add that branch to his importing business. It was uphill work and 
 a difficult role to fill a few sailing-vessels with Canadian goods, but the commence- 
 ment was made, and he had the satisfaction to see that four or five ships were con- 
 signed to his firm. By perseverance the trade developed considerably, so that he could 
 safely recommend to his friends in Antwerp the adoption of sending a few steamers 
 instead of sailing-vessels to Montreal. His advice was taken, and soon sailing-vessels 
 were abandoned and steamers took their place ; but the service was not regular. 
 Only when the Dominion Government came to his assistance in granting a moderate 
 subsidy, he succeeded in establishing a fortnightly line. On recommendation of the 
 late large-hearted and patriotic Premier, Sir John A. Macdonald, he was enabled to 
 close a contract with the Dominion Government for five years ; but at the end of five 
 years there was no need of renewing the contract, as the trade between Canada and the 
 Continent of Europe had sufficiently developed to carry on a regular Steamship Line 
 without Government assistance. The Hansa Line Steamship Company of Hamburg 
 with nine first-class steamships, most of them built during the last three years 
 expressly for the Canadian trade, have given abundant proof that it was a wise step 
 on the part of the Government to foster the trade between Canada and the Continent 
 of Europe in the way indicated, and that Mr. Munderloh’s conception regarding the 
 
359 
 
 O 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 possibilities of Canada was correct. Nearly every week during the navigation of 
 the St. Lawrence a steamer loaded with Canadian products sails from Montreal to 
 Hamburg and other continental ports, and during the summer season the German 
 flag can now be seen in our port every day, indicating that Canada extends her trade 
 with foreign nations and the great continental powers of the German Empire. 
 
 In the year 1871, he was appointed Imperial German Consul at Montreal by 
 His Majesty the late Emperor William, who, after he had filled the honorary office for 
 nearly fifteen years, was pleased to decorate him with the Crown Order (Golden 
 Cross). He holds the office up to the present date, and has served during the life of 
 three Emperors of Germany, viz: William I, Frederick, and William II, the present 
 Emperor. 
 
 For years he has been President of the German Benevolent Society of this city, 
 and holds this position at the present time. 
 
 He has frequently served on the Council of the Montreal Board of Trade, and 
 was appointed again to that important position at the last general election. He 
 married a Montreal lady, a daughter of the house of Blackadder, a name once very 
 familiar in Montreal, but like some of our old English and Scotch names gradually 
 dying out, or only perpetuated in the daughters, with their changed married names. 
 He has two sons and one daughter, and is a well-known attendant in Crescent 
 Street Church, over which at present presides the amiable Rev. Dr. McKay. 
 
 B, HUTCHINS. 
 
 “ Among the many proofs of Montreal’s greatness as a commercial centre none are 
 more often quoted, and rightly so, than that of the extensive and flourishing Real 
 Estate business done here. Many prominent merchants are engaged in this pursuit, 
 and it is needless to say that to succeed well, in this progressive age, as a Real Estate 
 dealer, a man must be wide-awake and of superior judgment and ability ; among 
 these are Messrs. Hutchins & Brown, the well-known Real Estate and Financial 
 Agents of this city. The senior partner of this firm was one of the oldest merchants 
 in this city, and has been engaged in his present line of business for the last fifteen 
 years or more. His well established reputation, coupled with his extensive opera- 
 tions, has brought his firm to the front and rendered their enterprise conspicuous.” 
 Mr. Hutchins has seen very many changes in Montreal the past forty years, and to- 
 day he is busily engaged in his profession in developing the city and extending its 
 area by the sale of suburban lots, and thus enabling the mechanic and the middle 
 class to own their own homestead and breathe the fresh air of Heaven. 
 

 360 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 EDMUND ROBILLARD, M.D., 
 
 Was born 30th October, 1825. Plis father was Joseph Robillard, and his mother 
 Rose Aussem, both belonging to ancient families of Montreal. His father was one 
 of the oldest officers of the Montreal Corporation. 
 
 After his classical education he studied with Dr. Wolfred Nelson, in October, 
 1842, and continued till 1846, during which time he also attended the course of the 
 Canadian Medical School, of which he was appointed, yet a student, Demonstrator 
 of Anatomy. 
 
 Admitted to practise 16th November, 1846, he was appointed one of the Medical 
 attendants in the Quarantine of Grosse Isle in the summer of 1847, during the ship 
 fever. He also became a member of the Medical College of Physicians and Surgeons 
 of Canada. In the fall of 1847, he left for New York, where he continued Ins sur- 
 gical studies under the celebrated Dr. Robert Nelson, one of the greatest surgeons 
 of his time. In 1848, Dr. Robillard was appointed Surgeon of the N.Y. & Erie R.R. 
 while in construction. Subsequently he went to Paris to attend the courses ot the 
 different Medical Faculties during the years 1849-185°. after which he returned to 
 resume his duties on the N.Y. & Erie R.R. as Surgeon. 
 
 On his way back on board the Packet Waterloo , Dr. Robillard as Surgeon of 
 the ship established so strict a sanitary cordon that, though the cholera was at the 
 time raging in Liverpool, not one of the passengers was sick during the passage. Dr. 
 Robillard received a complimentary address from the passengers on the arrival of 
 the ship at New York. He was forced to leave the United States in about two years 
 or so in consequence of sickness which was contracted during his surgical operations in 
 the West, and then returned to Canada. He was appointed in 1854 one of the Surgeons 
 of the G. T. R. R. Contractors during the construction of the Victoria Bridge for 
 the space of eight years, in the course of which time he had opportunities to perform 
 many of the most remarkable operations of surgery, very honorably mentioned m the 
 work of Mr. Hodges on the Victoria Bridge. His post being at Pointe Claire, the 
 people of the locality elected him first the Mayor and afterwards he was the Warden 
 of the County of Jacques Cartier. 
 
 In the fall of 1854, he married Miss Adeline Loranger, sister of the Judges, Priest 
 and Lawyer of the same name. In 1859, he was elected by the members of the 
 College of Surgeons and Doctors of Canada one of the Governors and Examiners. 
 
 From 1868 to 1874 he was the Registrar of the College. Dr. Robillard has a 
 Diploma of the Medical College of Philadelphia. He is also a member of the Cana- 
 dian Medical Association, of the Dominion since 1868, and was its treasurer in 1870. 
 In 1873, the Bishop’s College of Lennoxville conferred upon him the honorary title 
 of Ad Eundem, being a spontaneous confirmation of his Diploma. He now resides 
 entirely in Paris and visits Montreal occasionally. 
 
 / 
 
J. C. WILSON. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 3 61 
 
 J. C. WILSON, M. P. 
 
 The contents of this sketch are principally taken from a succinct biography written for 
 one of the most influential newspapers in the North of Ireland (Ulster). What the 
 Irish paper declares is well borne out in Montreal by all who know Mr. Wilson. A 
 man of progress, development and push, he has stayed at nothing which will in his 
 business advance the interests of his adopted city and country. Ihe inhabitants ot 
 Lachute and neighborhood have much to thank Mr. Wilson for, that he has established 
 such an extensive industry in their midst, and developed their locality to such an 
 extent, that the manufactured paper of this mill is well known in the English Empire. 
 He has been one of the most intelligent and praiseworthy merchants of Montreal, 
 remembering always the city of his adoption. 
 
 “Mr. Wilson was born in the County Antrim, near the town of Rasharkin, in 
 1841, and his family came soon after to Canada. The elder Mr. Wilson was what 
 is known in Ireland as a ‘ handy man/ and could use carpenter s tools to good 
 advantage. He was by these means enabled to secure a position as pattern maker in 
 St. Mary’s Foundry, Montreal, at which occupation he gave great satisfaction, and 
 succeeded in proving the old saw, ‘ Where there’s a will there’s a way.’ When 
 only twelve years of age the subject of our present sketch was apprenticed to learn 
 the trade of a machinist. His inclination ran in the line of mechanics (some tools 
 made by him when he was fourteen years of age he is proud of exhibiting), but he 
 met with a severe accident which prevented him from completing his specified term. 
 Through the influence and sympathy of kind friends, he was placed in McGill Normal 
 School in this city. He was not long in this establishment until he gave practical 
 assurance to his benefactors that the money invested in his education was not thrown 
 away; for he graduated, and received a diploma for teaching in 1859, and became 
 teacher of the Beauharnois Dissentient School, over which he successfully presided 
 for three vears. At this time he began to realize the fact, “Once a teacher, always 
 a teacher.” He saw that his duties as preceptor did not afford him sufficient scope 
 for his latent energies, the exercise of which he desired should result in financial 
 success. With this in view he went West and accepted a position in a bookstore in 
 the town of Belleville, in Ontario, where he remained for some time, gaining that 
 insight into the trade which enabled him to claim a higher position in more extensive 
 houses. His patience and energy were soon rewarded by the offer of a position in 
 a large publishing and newspaper house in Toronto, which he accepted. 4 Onward ’ 
 and Excelsior ’ were still his mottoes, and in the fall of 1863 he went to New \ ork, 
 and was not long in obtaining a position in the publishing house of T. W. Strong. 
 Here again his indefatigable perseverance asserted itself. Encountering many diffi- 
 culties such as a peculiar mode of doing business, and the difference in surround- 
 ings, he fought against all odds, and by strict and careful application to business, he 
 attracted the attention of the head of the firm, and his untiring efforts in his interest 
 resulted in his eventually assuming the responsible position of manager of the entire 
 
 concern. 
 
362 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 “ He remained in New York until he married (Mrs. Wilson is a Canadian lady), 
 when the love of home surroundings recalled him to Montreal. In 1867, he entered 
 the employment of Angus, Logan and Company, wholesale stationers and paper 
 manufacturers (now the Canada Paper Company) as their bookkeeper. After remain- 
 ing three years and a half in that position his old time energy again asserted itself, 
 and he concluded by making a venture on his account. With the assistance of his 
 employers he started a Paper Bag Factory, in which were manufactured successfully 
 the first machine-made paper bags that were placed on the market in all Canada. 
 The business was a success from its inception, and continued to be a success, and the 
 assistance rendered to Mr. Wilson by his immediate former employers was soon 
 repaid, and their kindness reciprocated in a practical manner, for he became one of 
 their largest and best customers. 
 
 “ It is characteristic of the present age that men are ever on the alert to introduce 
 some idea into very old existing principles of action. At the head of most success- 
 ful manufacturing enterprises do we find practical men of experimental turn, who are 
 constantly endeavoring to secure here a little, and there a little gain on the difficulties 
 which environ all sorts of production, and their success it is that enables our young 
 national enterprises to be buoyed up against the difficulties with which they have to 
 contend. 
 
 “ Mr. Wilson started first on what may be justly termed an infant scale. At the 
 outset two flats of a building were sufficient, but these in a short time were found to 
 be too limited to meet the demands of an extensively increasing trade, and it thus 
 became necessary to secure more room from time to time until the block of buildings 
 of these stores with six flats each were secured. In 1880, Mr. Wilson found his 
 paper and paper bag trade so extensive, and his requirements so great that they 
 could not be satisfactorily met by the outside paper mills, and it became necessary 
 that he should have a manufactory entirely under his control. With this object in 
 view he selected Lachute, a small town within an hour and twenty minutes’ ride by 
 rail from Montreal, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, as the most convenient site for 
 his proposed operations. Here, upon an excellent water-power, he erected a mill, 
 and equipped it with all the latest and most improved machinery. Five years later 
 the trade had grown to great proportions, and a larger turn out of paper was required 
 to meet the new demands. Another mill was erected adjoining the first. In point 
 of architecture these structures are both solid and ornamental, being built of stone, 
 with cut-stone trimmings, and otherwise exhibiting the most elaborate modern garnish. 
 The cost of these buildings reaches $175,000, and by the employment of about 
 seventy-five expert hands, they turn out seven tons of paper daily. 
 
 “ After the mills had been doubled, the trade of the factory and warehouses in 
 Montreal, founded in 1870, had grown to such an extent that the three stores of six 
 flats each were found insufficient to contain the machinery, or the employees necessary 
 to meet the requirements of the fast growing trade ; and, finding that the dimensions 
 of the building could not be increased, Mr. Wilson resolved to construct one 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 3 6 3 
 
 that would appropriate all the demands of his business. With this object in view he 
 acquired a number of houses on Western Craig street, pulled them down, and raised 
 a magnificent eight-story structure — certainly the most imposing upon that thorough- 
 fare, and as a warehouse has no equal in Canada to day. 
 
 “ In the interest of the business there are eighteen travellers constantly on the 
 road, covering the territory from Newfoundland to British Columbia. 1 lie extent 
 of commercial dealings may be estimated at above half a million dollars annuail) . 
 
 “ Mr. Wilson has, however, not selfishly confined his energies to the erection of 
 his own fortunes ; but has contrived to devote a large measure of his time and wisdom 
 to the advancement of societies which have for their object the welfare and comfort 
 of those of his fellow-men who have been le*s fortunate in the arena of life than 
 himself. He has also occupied in the Parliament of the country of his adoption a 
 prominent position, and upon the floor of the House of Commons has been recog- 
 nized as an able and excellent debater. He represented the County of Argenteuil 
 in the Dominion Parliament. He has likewise held the position of Alderman of the 
 Citv of Montreal, and chairman of important civic committees. He was President 
 of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society for two years. He is a Life Governor of 
 the Montreal General Hospital, a Life Governor of the Protestant Insane Asylum, a 
 Life Governor of the Montreal Dispensary, and a Life Governor of the Maternity 
 Hospital. 
 
 Mr. Wilson is an ardent disciple of Isaac Walton ; annually seeking the shad) 
 seclusion of the river banks and mountain streams and lakes with rod and line; and 
 in order to protect th* finny tribe from wanton destruction, he was instrumental, 
 with others, in bringing to life the Fish and Game Protection Society of the Province 
 of Quebec, which is supported in its laudable object by Acts of Parliament. He was 
 President of this society for years. It will be remarked from the foregoing sketch 
 that Mr. Wilson’s career has been signally successful, and one that reflects creditably 
 upon the capital wherewith he began his commercial operations— a clear head and 
 an honest determination.” 
 
 Mr. Wilson has two sons in the business ; and he is looking forward to the time 
 when they will be in a position to enter into practical control of the business. 
 
 Mr. Wilson’s remarkable career is indeed an incentive to others to be up and follow. 
 What has been done can yet be done, and the next century will see m3 re wonderful 
 things than ever were compressed in man’s philosophy of the present day, advanced 
 though it be. 
 
 NAPOLEON AUBIN 
 
 Was born in 1802, at Chesnes, near Geneva, Switzerland. He came to New York 
 in 1829, and after staying in that city for some time came onto C anada. Mr. Aubin 
 had a great talent for writing universal literature. He was equally at home in 
 politics, philosophy, mathematics, chemistry and mechanics. He edited successfully 
 the following publications : Fantasque , Le Castor , Lc Canadian, Le Canadien In- 
 dependent , La Tribune , La Fays , and Le National . 
 
3 6 4 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 He was one of the ardent admirers of Papineau, and he had the honor of being 
 his true and sincere friend. Mr. Aubin and his journal were intimately connected 
 with the Rebellion of 1837-38. He was made Secretary of the famous Reform Asso- 
 ciation in 1847. He was also President in 1869 of the Institut Canadien. When 
 the Tribune ceased publication, Mr. Aubin retired from active politics and resided at 
 Beloeil. Some years after this he edited Le Pays with rare ability. He was for 
 some years connected with the inspection of weights and measures and gas, and to 
 the last conserved all the vim of youth. He died not long ago in Montreal. 
 
 ALFRED SANDHAM. 
 
 This name is connected with Montreal as one of its first English Historians. In 
 1870, he published a most interesting volume from which the Author of these 
 sketches is glad to record that he has received much assistance in their preparation 
 for this work. It is called “ Ville Marie ; or, Sketches of Montreal , Past arid 
 Present^ This work refers to a great number of facts connected with the history of 
 the city. It is interspersed with maps, plans and portraits, with valuable statistics 
 It was published by George Bishop & Co. 
 
 He is also the author of an interesting and useful work, entitled : “Coins, 
 Tokens and Medals of Canada .” Some years ago he removed from Montreal, and, 
 I believe, now lives in Toronto, and has become a painter of good repute. His work 
 of 1870 is now getting scarce, and commanding a higher price than that at which it 
 was published. 
 
 THOMAS PORTEOUS 
 
 Was one of the early English merchants of Montreal. Removing from Terrebonne, 
 where he had resided, to Montreal, he began business as a general merchant in Notre 
 Dame Street. He had married Olive Everett, and to them was born in Montreal a 
 daughter, Agnes, in 1798. In 1814, his eldest daughter, May, was married to Henry 
 Griffin, who was a Notary Public of that time. The son of this marriage is the well- 
 known J. C. Griffin of Montreal, one of the most highly respected and efficient 
 notaries of the present day. Mr. Porteous was rather an important man in his day. 
 He held several offices of trust. In 1818, he was the President of the Company 
 which organized the first Water Works for supplying Montreal with water. Previous 
 to this, during the War of 1812-14, he undertook at the request of the Government 
 the great task of forwarding supplies to the troops throughout the Province. In 
 1820, he was President of the Agricultural Society of Montreal, also Vice-President 
 of the Savings Bank then in existence. He was also for some time a Director of the 
 Bank of Montreal, and likewise of the Lachine Canal Company. He died February 
 23rd, 1830. 
 
365 
 
 V 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 C. F. SMITHERS. 
 
 He was born in London, England, 25th November, 1822. He arrived in Canada in 
 1847, an d entered the service of the Bank of British North America, where he con- 
 tinued for eleven years. In 1858, Mr. Smithers became associated with the Bank of 
 Montreal, where he remained for some years in different capacities. He was then 
 selected for the position of representing the Bank at New York in conjunction with 
 Mr. Walter Watson. In 1879, when Mr. R. B. Angus resigned, Mr. Smithers took 
 his place as General Manager. In 1881, when Mr. Stephen (now Lord Mount 
 Stephen) retired to assume the Presidency of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Mr. 
 Smithers took the entire management of the Bank. After some years he went to 
 New York, where he died not long since. 
 
 JOHN LILLY. 
 
 This name is frequently found at the close of the last century in the Records of the 
 Quarter Sessions of Montreal. He was a Justice of the Peace and rather a prominent 
 man in those days. He owned and farmed a property above Sherbrooke street 
 stretching up towards Fletcher’s Field, with what is called now “ Lunn’s ” man- 
 sion as his summer residence. Mr, Hugh Brodie, sen., the grandfather of our 
 respected citizen, Hugh Brodie, Esq.. N.P., was Mr. Lilly’s farmer fora time after his 
 arrival in Canada. One of the daughters married Thomas Boston, in 1806. He 
 died October, 1822. The Herald thus speaks of him at his death: “ Died, John 
 Lilly, Esq., at the advanced age of eighty-three years. He was one of the oldest 
 British merchants of the city, having arrived in 1763, and supported during his long 
 residence of fifty-nine years the character of a good subject, a virtuous citizen, and an 
 exemplary Christian.” 
 
 ALEXANDER McKENZIE. 
 
 Perhaps of all the new-comers and early English (this, of course, includes Scotch 
 and Irish too) settlers of Montreal, none are so identified with its early progress as 
 the North-Westers — those who were connected with her commercial development 
 in the then main staple of her existence — furs. Of all those who embarked in this adven- 
 turous undertaking, none deserve a place in this Gazetteer more than the subject of 
 this sketch — Alexander McKenzie. Born in Inverness, that beautiful Capital of the 
 Scottish Highlands, he had imbibed from the glorious scenes surrounding the “Queen 
 of the Night” sentiments of courage and adventure. He came to Canada while still 
 an enthusiastic lad, and entered the counting house of John Gregory, where he faith- 
 fully remained and served for five years, when his master and the McLeod resolved 
 to start a company to compete with a firm not long before started, and comprising 
 McTavish, Frobisher and others, they induced Alexander McKenzie, who at this 
 time was in business for himself at Detroit, and also Peter Pangman, another well- 
 known name in Montreal, to join them. So heartily did these two young men go 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL* 
 
 366 
 
 into the undertaking that the now strong firm already spoken of was glad in 1787 
 to join the new-made one, and the union took place that year. 
 
 It was the great desire and ambition of the united company to reach the remotest 
 Indian Settlements, in order to tap, as it were, the very vitals, the fountain head 
 of the peltry trade, and as said elsewhere, which usually found its way to the different 
 oosts of the Hudson Bay Company. Thus pushing on the ends and aims of their 
 Company, the traders, each one, unconsciously became great discoverers. 
 
 In many of them it is not to be wondered at that after a taste of this romantic 
 and exciting life they should become travellers and voyageurs on their own account, 
 and solely for the purpose of discovering new lands and new peoples. Were it not for 
 the vim, the pith, the energy and the perseverance of those sturdy Highlanders, this 
 mighty land would have remained for a far longer period an unknown region, a true 
 terra incognita. The Author of this volume well remembers when he resided be- 
 tween forty and fifty years ago in the Isle of Lewis, in the Western Hebrides, that a 
 ship annually took away many of the bone and muscle of the young Lewis High- 
 landers to America to serve in the different posts of the Hudson Bay and North 
 West Companies, and it was from these young men’s work that the enormous fortunes 
 of these Companies, and the vast tracts of land at last and finally granted to these 
 Companies, received their mainspring of action and the source of all their riches. 
 
 In June, 1789, McKenzie started from Fort Chippewa to the west end of Lake 
 Athabasca. He called this great body of water “ Lake of the Hills.” We can find 
 the name in that journey which has rendered his name immortal, and which is em- 
 bodied in the McKenzie River, a mighty stream, one of the greatest rivers on earth, 
 which we, living now at the close of the nineteenth century, and a hundred years after 
 McKenzie’s discovery, know almost as little of as he did when sailing on its mighty 
 waters. What future developments shall be brought forth in the twentieth century, we 
 know not, but this they will find, that the mighty McKenzie River of 2200 miles in 
 length will flow through a land inhabited by European descendants, enjoying all 
 the civilization of the great future, with all ics progress and advancement. Let us 
 turn our eyes to the adventurous voyager. With a small band of faithful followers, 
 some white men, some red men, he pursued his North-West voyage until at last he 
 struck the mighty river which will ever bear his name. Following its wanderings he 
 found out the enormous lakes, Great Slave Lake, Great Bear Lake and Athabasca 
 Lake — lakes they may be called, but really inland seas — and at last arrived after 
 innumerable incidents and adventures at the mouth of the river, which he found 
 emptying itself into the Arctic Ocean. A river the McKenzie is, longer than our own 
 mighty St. Lawrence, counting in all its lakes and intervening rivers; a river, one of 
 the grandest, longest and most magnificent in scenery in all the world. 
 
 October, 1782, saw him again on a voyage of discovery. He was determined 
 to follow the Peace River and explore it all. He traced it actually running across 
 the Rocky Mountains, a thing ever before thought impossible. He traced it to 
 the Mountains, and being assured by the Indians that its waters flowed into a 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 367 
 
 mighty ocean on the west, he determined to pursue its course, which he did in 
 the next season, and was the very first European who ever crossed from sea to 
 sea, the whole breadth of the great American Continent to the North. It took 
 him eleven months to do this great act of discovery. When he arrived on the 
 Pacific coast, he left the following notice to show succeeding explorers that one 
 had been there before them. It thus reads as we find it in his adventures : “ I 
 now mixed up some Vermillion in melted grease, and inscribed in large characters 
 on the south-west face of the rock on which we had slept last night this brief 
 memorial, ‘Alex. McKenzie, from Canada, by land the 22nd July, 1793.’” 
 
 When he returned he published an account of his strange adventures, and 
 the title of the volume may well be, as we find it: — “Voyage from Montreal, 
 on the River St. Lawrence, through the Continent of North America to the Frozen 
 and Pacific Oceans in the years 1789 and 1793, with a preliminary account of the 
 Rise, Progress and Present State of the Fur Trade of that Country — London, 
 1801.” He resided in Montreal to the year 1808, when he returned to Scotland, 
 a rich man for those days, and died there. He built a fine house at the head of 
 Simpson street, Montreal, which remained till pulled down by Mr. William Smith. 
 The street was called Simpson after Sir George Simpson, who occupied and owned 
 the house after McKenzie had left Montreal and returned to Scotland. 
 
 ANDREW WILSON 
 
 Was born near Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1822, and came with his family to Montreal 
 in 1834. Two years after, in 1836, he entered the employ of the Herald office, but 
 by his industry, probity and intelligence gradually raised himself till he was one of 
 the proprietors of this newspaper. In 1847, along with Messrs. Potts & Penny, he 
 bought the Herald property, and continued to his death one of its shareholders. In 
 1852, he married Esther Matthews. He died some years ago universally lamented 
 by all classes of his fellow citizens. The late Senator Penny, his co-shareholder, said 
 of him, “ No word of unkindness ever escaped him. It is a rare blessing to have 
 such a friend. ” 
 
 JOHN WILLIAM BRAYLEY. 
 
 The Grippe has deprived Montreal of many valuable citizens. The latest is John 
 William Brayley, head of the wholesale drug house of Brayley, Sons & Co. He died 
 not long ago at the age of sixty-nine years. Mr. Brayley had been attacked by 
 the Grippe, but was allowed to leave his house. A chill ensued, and complications 
 set in, resulting in the rupture of a blood vessel. The death was sudden and totally 
 unlooked for. Mr. Brayley was a native of Devonshire, England, and came to this 
 country, first settling in New Brunswick, when quite a young man. In 1877, he came 
 to Montreal, and soon by probity and attention to his work built up a large busi- 
 ness, which his sons will carry on. He was a member of the Church of St. James the 
 Apostle, where for seven years he was people’s Warden. He was a conscientious 
 business man, upright and respected. 
 
3 68 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 AVILA G. BOURBONNAIS. 
 
 He was born at Saint-Clet (Soulanges), i8th October, 1859. He married 29th 
 October, 1884, Marie Rose Delia Lefebvre. He was educated at Petit Seminaire of 
 Sainte Therese, and is the Official Stenographer at Montreal. First returned to 
 Legislative Assembly at last General Election. Has retired from politics and devotes 
 himself to the duties of his profession. 
 
 SIMON CLARKE 
 
 Came from Yorkshire, England. He arrived in Montreal in the early part of the 
 century, and before the establishment of the North West Company in 1806. He 
 soon made a large fortune, retiring from business, and built a fine house on the other 
 side of the Mountain and called it “ Beaver Lodge.” Here he died and his son 
 John also lived, and as he too had made a large fortune in the North-West, he dis- 
 pensed a profuse hospitality. This, and his becoming security to his friends for 
 several large amounts, melted even the fortune of John Clarke, and at last the 
 property passed into other hands. From him, Clarke Avenue, Cote St. Antoine, 
 derives its name. He had property in the neighborhood, hence the present name of 
 tlip street. 
 
 ROBERT T. GODFREY, M.D. 
 
 He was one of the most favorably known physicians in the city, and has written a 
 good deal on medical science. He was ex-Professor of Surgery in the University of 
 Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, and Attending Physician to the Montreal General 
 Hospital. He is the son of a British naval officer. Dr. Godfrey was born in the 
 County of Kerry, Ireland, and when he was a youth he went to London, where he 
 received his education and began his medical studies. Just at that time the wars in 
 Spain connected with Queen Isabella’s succession broke out, and the doctor’s oldest 
 brother, then a practising physician, was sent to that country as surgeon to the 
 British troops which for a time were quartered there. The younger brother 
 accompanied the surgeon as assistant. Returning home, he set out for Canada, 
 where the remainder of his long and useful life was spent. His medical studies were 
 resumed, and he took his degree at McGill Medical College. After graduating he 
 filled for a time the position of House Surgeon at the Montreal General Hospital 
 and then went into private practice. In this he was eminently successful, and soon 
 built up a large and lucrative practice, which he enjoyed for many years. lor a 
 time he was Professor at McGill College, and afterwards in the Medical Faculty of 
 Bishop’s College; he was also Consulting Physician at the General Hospital, and 
 held offices in a number of medical and other societies. The deceased was seventy- 
 three years of age. He left one son and three daughters, two of whom are married 
 and one lives in England. He was the last of his father’s family, his brother having 
 died but a short time ago in Ireland at the age of ninety-one. Dr. Godfrey was a 
 brother-in-law of the late Dr. Scott, for many years Professor of Anatomy in the 
 McGill Medical College. He was a large owner of real estate and was wealthy. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 369 
 
 BENJAMIN A. TESTARD DeMONTIGNY. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born at St. Jerome, County of Terrebonne, in 1838. 
 It was then the middle of the Rebellion of 1837— 38, when the whole country north 
 of the St. Lawrence was in a state of commotion. His father was Lieut.-Colonel 
 Testard Chevalier DeMontigny, a name not unknown in Canadian History. The 
 son was sent for a course of studies to the College of Joliette, where he distinguished 
 himself by assiduity to his studies and advancement in all the branches of his cur- 
 riculum. After passing his legal studies he was admitted to the Bar in 1859, when 
 he was exactly twenty-one years of age, having just then obtained his majority. One 
 year after this, in i860, the movement began to raise a battalion of Pontifical Zouaves 
 to aid His Holiness the Pope in the struggles then going on in Italy against Giri- 
 baldism and those who had raised the standard of battle against the powers that be. 
 On 15th January, i86r, Mr. DeMontigny joined that battalion, in which he served 
 two years. I presume these were the two most eventful years of his life. The 
 battalion of Zouaves under Colonel Allet and Lieut.-Colonel DeCharette numbered 
 1,500 men. As our subject is, no doubt, the oldest Zouave in the country now, in 
 connection with this sketch we must be pardoned in giving a short account of the 
 movements of the Zouaves. The Italian Civil War continued for some years, and in 
 the years 1868, 1869 and 1870, the chief number of Zouaves were sent from Canada. 
 In 1867, Murray and Laroque were severely wounded at the battle of Mentana. 
 When this news arrived in Canada, and that the Zouaves had made a successful 
 march and covered themselves with glory at this battle, the spirit of adventure, as 
 well as love to the Holy Father, filled the bosoms of thousands of young Canadians. 
 The men who then went forth were men of good family. Gustave Drolet left on the 
 7th November, 1867, for Rome, MM. Desilet, Prendergast, Henault and Tetu, at the 
 end of December. Scores of Canadian youths volunteered their services. The Bishop 
 of Montreal took the direction of the movement into his own hands, and encouraged 
 this new Crusade of the 19th Century. 
 
 On the 26th December, 1867, a committee was formed in Montreal under the 
 presidency of M. O. Berthelet composed of ten citizens, of whom MM. Rivard and 
 Royal were the joint secretaries. At the cry of “ Dieu lc vent,” scattered broadcast 
 through the parishes by the cures, hundreds, nay thousands, of young men willingly 
 offered themselves. The committee soon organized the first detachment of 137 
 “ Zouaves C-anadiens.” They left Montreal 18th February, 1868, under the direction 
 of Messire Moreau as “ aumonier.” and J. Taillefer as commander. The passage of 
 this little army of crusaders — among those who left were our present energetic 
 Governor of the Gaol, L. A. Valine; Geo. A. Hughes, the present Chief of Police, 
 and Lucien Forget, Clerk of the Recorder’s Court — caused an immense excitement 
 both in the United States and France. “ Drapeau blanc en t§te, avec la devise: 
 Aime Dieu et va ton chemin,” these Zouaves were acclaimed the champions of 
 the most holy and noblest of all causes of the present century. In their passage 
 
37 ° 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 through Lyons, France, De la Perade, a member of the French Academy, wrote a 
 beautiful ode on their career. We give four lines 
 
 “ Allez votre chemin, Frangais de Nouveau Monde, 
 
 Race de nos aSeux tout k coup ranim£e, 
 
 Allez, laissant chez nous une trace feconde, 
 
 Oft'rir un noble sang au Dieu que vous aimez.” 
 
 r pj-)g Montreal Committee sent six other detachments to Rome after that of 
 February, 1868, viz. : 
 
 1st, on May 14, 1868, 22 men. 
 
 2nd, on May 23, 1868, 28 men. 
 
 3rd, on June 25, 1868, 48 men. 
 
 4th, on September 30, 1869, 95 men. 
 
 5th, on August 18, 1870, 38 men. 
 
 6th, on September 1st, 1870, 115 men. 
 
 When we count those who went singly or in small squads, we have over 530 
 Volunteer-Zouaves who went to Rome from Canada. After the fall of the Eternal 
 City, on the 20th September, 1870, into the hands of Victor Emanuel, the Italian 
 King, the war was at an end, and the Zouaves marching out of Rome with all the 
 honors of war, and by the Gate Angelica, were immediately transported to Leghorn 
 and thence to Liverpool eti route for Canada. They landed in New York, 5th 
 November, after having been seventeen days at sea, and without delay they safely 
 arrived in Montreal, where an immense concourse of people welcomed them back— 
 their sons, their brothers and all their friends. The Zouaves founded an association 
 among themselves to perpetuate their journey to Rome. Last year, 1891, a great 
 gathering took place at the home of the Premier of Quebec— near Three Rivers. 
 Hon. Honore Mercier had received medals for each Zouave, when last in Rome, and 
 the occasion was made use of for a reunion of old comrades, and of talking over once 
 more their hairbreadth escapes in sunny Italy. The subject of our sketch being the 
 oldest Zouave, had the honor of distributing the medals and pinning them on the 
 
 breasts of the various heroes. 
 
 Mr. DeMontigny resumed the duties of his profession when he returned to 
 Montreal, and, in 1872, he was made District Magistrate for Terrebonne. In 1880, he 
 was appointed Recorder of Montreal, to succeed the late Mr. Sexton, who had held 
 the position for many years. He is the author of several valuable literary works. 
 Among others there is the “ Histoire du Droit Canadien,” “ Catechisme Politique, 
 “ Des Arrestations,” “Etude sur la Colonization, 1 " and “Le Nord.” Many of his prac- 
 tical lectures and remarkable contributions to the Canadian monthlies have also been 
 published. He was made a Knight of the Military Order of Pope Pius the IX. 
 in 1884. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 371 
 
 The Recorder has done much by his influence and recommendations in alleviat- 
 ing the condition of the poor and the criminal classes, and, so far as has been 
 observed, tries always to temper his judgments with mercy. He is particularly 
 anxious regarding youthful criminals and the better classification of all convicts in 
 our Prisons and Penitentiaries. This laudable object may in the near future be 
 accomplished, and, if so, one great motive will have been the exertion towards its con- 
 summation by the present Recorder of Montreal. 
 
 HON. THOMAS D’ARCY McGEE. 
 
 The following tribute to an Irishman, “great and well beloved,” is from the pen of 
 the well-known writer, Mrs. Sadlier, one of our best writers and not enough known by 
 Canadians. This eminent Canadian statesman, poet and orator, was born at Carling- 
 ford, County Louth, Ireland, on the 13th of April, 1825. His father, Mr. James 
 McGee, was an officer in the Coast Guard Service, and his mother, Dorcas Catherine 
 Morgan, was the accomplished daughter of a Dublin bookseller, who had been im- 
 prisoned and financially ruined by his participation in the conspiracy of 179^ as a 
 United Irishman. Of this union, Thomas D’Arcy McGee was the fifth child and 
 second son. Born and nurtured amid the grand and lovely scenery of the Ross- 
 treeor coast, his early childhood fleeted by in a region of wild, romantic beauty, 
 which impressed itself for ever on his heart and mind, and tended not a little, as we 
 may well suppose, to foster, if not create, that poetic fancy which made the charm 
 of his life, and infused itself into all he wrote and all he said. Like most eminent 
 men, he owed much of his genius to a highly intellectual and gifted mother. He was 
 eight years old when the family removed to Wexford, in which ancient and historic 
 city the years of his youth and early manhood passed. Soon after their arrival in 
 Wexford, the McGee family sustained a heavy loss in the death of the excellent and 
 admirable wife and mother, which left a deep and lasting wound in the heart of her 
 favorite son, Thomas, who, to the last day of his life, fondly cherished her memory. 
 
 Mr. McGee’s youth was spent in the ardent pursuit of knowledge, history and 
 poetry being his favorite studies, and in these he became, so to say, a master. Elo- 
 quence was a special gift bestowed upon him from his earliest years. He was little 
 more than seventeen, when, after paying a visit to his aunt in Providence, R.I., he 
 arrived in Boston, just when the “ Repeal Movement ” was at its height amongst the 
 Irish population of that city. It was the 4th July, and Thomas D Arcy McGee, boy 
 though he was, addressed the people that day, and his precocious eloquence sur- 
 prised and delighted the multitudes who heard him. He was soon after offered, and 
 accepted, a position on the staff of the Boston Pilot , and two years later became 
 editor of that journal. He very soon made such a reputation for himself as a jour- 
 nalist that his fame crossed the ocean, and he was invited by the proprietor of the 
 Dublin Freeman's Journal , then, as now, one of the leading Irish papers, to become 
 its editor. This offer, which he at once accepted, he justly considered a signal 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 372 
 
 triumph. So at twenty years of age, our poet-journalist took his place in the front 
 rank of the Irish press. His connection with the Freeman's Journal, however, was 
 not of long duration, and we next find him, with his friend Charles Gavin Duffy, and 
 two other talented young Irishmen, editing the newly started Dublin Nation , which 
 soon became a power in the country, and the mouthpiece of the National party, 
 afterwards known as the young Irelanders. It was owing to his connection with this 
 brilliant and powerful organ, and his real or supposed participation in the abortive 
 rebellion of 1848, that Mr. McGee became obnoxious to the British Government, 
 and was forced to flee to America in that memorable year, leaving his young wife to 
 follow him when once he had prepared a home for her. 
 
 He started in 1848, or the year following, the New York Nation , which paper 
 from various untoward circumstances did not succeed, and Mr. McGee, being in- 
 duced to remove to Boston, commenced in that city the publication of the 
 American Celt , which he subsequently removed to New York, and for some years 
 
 published it there with marked success. 
 
 It was during the publication of the Celt in Boston that the maturing mind 
 of its editor began gradually to recognize the senseless folly of the revolutionary 
 doctrines to the dissemination and support of which he had hitherto bent all 
 the energies of his powerful mind. The cant of faction, the fiery denunciations 
 which, after all, amounted to nothing, and had only the effect of unsettling men’s 
 minds and leading many to ruin and destruction, giving rise to a general spirit 
 of insubordination, he began to see in their true colors. It then became his 
 aim to elevate the Irish people, not by impracticable schemes of rebellion, but 
 by teaching them to make the best of their actual condition, to cultivate among 
 them the arts of peace, and raise themselves by steady industry and increasing 
 enlightenment to the level of more prosperous nations. Though as fondly as ever 
 devoted to the land of his birth, he became more conservative in his views, and 
 that because he had made a deeper and more earnest study of the eternal principles 
 which lie at the foundation of all human affairs, and of the relation between the 
 governing and the governed. This change, this new direction given to his thoughts, 
 was sincerely owing to the further development of Mr. McGee’s own reasoning 
 powers and the salutary influence of wise and learned Christian friends. Aet it 
 unfortunately misrepresented, and excited much and bitter hostility among that 
 
 was 1 
 
 revolutionary party of which he had so long been a brilliant and able supporter. 
 
 During the years that Mr. McGee was editing the American Celt in Boston and 
 New York, and subsequently the Buffalo Sentinel in that border city, he deliv- 
 ered in nearly all the principal towns and cities of the United States and the 
 British Provinces a prodigious number of lectures on all manner of subjects calcu- 
 lated to improve and elevate the people. He also organized and took a leading 
 part in the convention of one hundred delegates who met in Buffalo, for the special 
 purpose of promoting and increasing Irish emigration. 
 
 A short time after this, Mr. McGee was invited by a number of influential Irish 
 
373 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 citizens of Montreal to make his home in that city, holding out to him the promise 
 of a brilliant success, which promise the future more than justified. Soon after his 
 arrival in Montreal, he commenced the publication of the New Era , which journal, 
 owing to his as yet imperfect knowledge of Canadian affairs, was not a success, and 
 was discontinued when Mr. McGee was elected by the Irish citizens of Montreal as 
 one of the three members for that city. Such entire satisfaction did his conduct in 
 the House of Assembly give to his friends and constituents that a number of gentle- 
 men subscribed a considerable sum of money and purchased a handsome residence 
 in Montmorency Terrace, S:. Catherine street, which they presented, furnished, to 
 Mr. McGee as a homestead for his family. Of the Parliamentary career of Mr. 
 McGee in Canada, space will not permit us to speak at length. Suffice it to say 
 that it was successful beyond all anticipation, and won for him a lasting and honor- 
 able place amongst the statesmen of the country. His rare and captivating eloquence, 
 his consummate tact, his profound ability, made him, after a little time, the most 
 brilliant, as well as the most popular member of the Legislature, triumphing even 
 over political hostility, and making friends of religious and political opponents. To 
 his expansive mind and soaring genius was mainly due the Union of the Provinces 
 as the New Dominion of Canada. During the Government of Lord Monck, Mr. 
 McGee was appointed President of the Executive Council, and acted, moreover, for 
 a short time, as Provincial Secretary,/;^ tem. It was during the time of his holding 
 this double office that he wrote the concluding portion of his popular History of 
 Ireland, confessedly one of the best and most readable histories of that country that 
 has yet appeared. The other books written by Mr. McGee at various periods 
 of his life were “The Gallery of Irish Writers of the Seventeenth Century,” “ Mc- 
 Murroch,” “O’Connell and his Friends,” and “Irish Settlers in America.” His 
 “ Canadian Ballads ” were embodied in the general collection of hy> poems pub- 
 lished in New York since his lamented death. 
 
 Mr. McGee had been three times returned for Montreal West, twice by accla- 
 mation ; and was again elected by the same constituency as a member of the House 
 of Commons of the Dominion, in the first session of which, as in the former House 
 of Assembly, he won golden opinions from all, and had apparently a long and useful 
 career before him, when, on leaving the Parliament Buildings, in Ottawa, on the 
 morning of April 7th, 1869, he was followed by an assassin who had been lying in 
 wait for him, and shot dead at the door of his lodgings. Sad and pitiable close for 
 such a life. It is not for us to say who were the instigators of so foul a crime, but a 
 man named Whelan was arrested, tried for the murder in Ottawa, and paid with his 
 worthless life the atrocious crime of which he was convicted, a crime which robbed 
 the Dominion of its foremost statesman, and the Irish race of one of its most gifted 
 sons. The whole country was horrified by the .news of Mr. McGee’s most crue 
 death, and the public manifestations of sorrow were great and also universal. A 
 public and most magnificent funeral was given to her murdered representative by 
 the City of Montreal. All classes of the citizens vied with each other in shewing 
 
374 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 their respect and admiration for the eminent man, who, coming amongst them as a 
 stranger only a few years before, had in that comparatively short time gained the 
 hearts of the people and entitled himself to the nation’s gratitude. The name of 
 Thomas D’Arcy McGee will go down to posterity as one of the men of whom the 
 Dominion of Canada has reason to be proud. 
 
 As a specimen of the poetical genius of my friend, for he was a good friend 
 and a much loved one by me, I insert the following well-known poem on the Dis- 
 coverer of Canada, and can only add my humble prayer, “ Requiescat in Pace.” 
 
 JACQUES CARTIER. 
 
 (a.d. 1534.) 
 
 1 . 
 
 In the seaport of St. Malo 'twas a smiling morn in May, 
 
 When the Commodore Jacques Cartier to the westward sail d away ; 
 
 In the crowded old cathedral all the town were on their knees 
 For the safe return of kinsmen from the undiscover’d seas ; 
 
 And every autumn blast that swept o’er pinnacle and pier 
 Fill’d manly hearts with sorrow, and gentle hearts with fear. 
 
 11. 
 
 A year pass’d o’er St. Malo— again came round the day 
 
 When the Commodore Jacques Cartier to the westward sail’d away ; 
 
 But no tidings from the absent had come the way they went, 
 
 And tearful v r ere the vigils that many a maiden spent ; 
 
 And manly hearts were fill’d with gloom, and gentle hearts with fear, 
 
 When no tidings came from Cartier at the closing of the year. 
 
 Hi. 
 
 But the earth is as the future, it hath its hidden side ; 
 
 And the captain of St. Malo was rejoicing in his pride 
 
 In the forests of the north — while his townsmen mourn’d his loss^ 
 
 He was rearing on Mount Royal the fleur-de-lis and cross ; 
 
 And when two months were over, and added to the year, 
 
 St. Malo hail’d him home again, cheer answering to cheer. 
 
 He told them of a region, hard, iron-bound, and cold, 
 
 Nor seas of pearl abounded, nor mines of shining gold ; 
 
 Where the wind from Thulg freezes the word upon the lip, 
 
 And the ice in spring comes sailing athwart the early ship ; 
 
 He told them of the frozen scene until they thrill’d with fear, 
 And piled fresh fuel on the hearth to make him better cheer. 
 
 v. 
 
 But when he changed the strain — he told how soon are cast 
 In early spring the fetters that hold the w aters fast ; 
 
 How the winter causeway broken is drifted out to sea, 
 
 And the rills and rivers sing with pride the anthem of the free ; 
 How the magic wand of summer clad the landscape to his eyes. 
 Like the dry bones of the just when they wake in Paradise. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 375 
 
 VI. 
 
 He told them of the Algonquin braves— the hunters of the wild, 
 
 Of how the Indian mother in the forest rocks her child ; 
 
 Of how, poor souls, they fancy in every living thing 
 A spirit good or evil, that claims their worshipping ; 
 
 Of how they brought their sick and maim’d for him to breathe upon, 
 
 And of the wonders wrought for them through the Gospel of St. John. 
 
 VII. 
 
 He told them of the river whose mighty current gave 
 Its freshness for a hundred leagues to Ocean’s briny wave ; 
 
 He told them of the glorious scene presented to his sight, 
 
 What time he rear’d the cross and crown on Hochelaga’s height, 
 
 And of the fortress cliff that keeps of Canada the key, 
 
 And they welcomed back Jacques Cartier from his perils o’er the sea. 
 
 HON. WILLIAM HENRY CHAFFERS, 
 
 Son of the late Lieut.-Colonel William U. Chaffers, by Catherine H. Blanchette ; 
 and grandson of W. Chaffers, Esq., M.D., of Liverpool, Eng. He was born in 
 Quebec, 2nd August, 1827, and educated atChambly and Montreal. Married, 1840, 
 Louise, daughter of the late James O’Leary, Esq., M.D., formerly a Surgeon in Her 
 Majesty’s Service. He has been Warden of Rouville, Mayor of St. Cesaire, a Com- 
 missioner of Small Causes, and President of the Rouville Agricultural Society. Sat 
 for Rouville in Canadian Assembly from October, 1856, till General Election, 1857, 
 when he retired. Represented Rougemont in Legislative Council, Canada, from 
 January, 1864, until the Union. He was called to the Senate by Royal Proclamation, 
 May, 1867, and is still a member of that august body. 
 
 HON. RODERICK McKENZIE. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was much more connected with Montreal than his well- 
 known kinsman, Sir Alexander McKenzie. When the latter, the great traveller, set 
 out lor the West in 1792, he left Roderick in charge of Fort Ch.pewyan. He 
 remained here for eleven months. We next find him in Montreal, where he married 
 Rachel Chaboillez. This was only one of several score of marriages of Old Country- 
 men to French-Canadian women. Amongst others were Hon. James McGill, of 
 College fame, and Simon Fraser, of military fame. In 1806, he was one of the North- 
 West Company, then established. In 1819, he was raised to the rank of a Legislative 
 Councillor in Quebec, and remained in that body till his death. One of his sons, 
 \lexander, entered the British army and became a Lieut.-Colonel. The Colonel had 
 one daughter, Louise Rachel, who, in 1856, was married to Hon. Louis F. R. Masson, 
 late Lieut.-Governor of Quebec, and now in the present Government without port- 
 
 folio. 
 
37 6 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 DR. R. P. HOWARD 
 
 Was born in Montreal, January 12th, 1823. His parents, Robert Howard and Margaret 
 Kent, came from Ireland to Montreal, where his father went into business. The Doctor 
 studied Medicine both here and in Europe, graduated from McGill College in 1848, 
 and was made a L.C.S.E. in 1840, in which same year he began practising in his 
 native city. For over thirty years Dr. Howard was one of our most influential and 
 leading Physicians and Surgeons. His whole soul was set on the important duties 
 of his profession. To him is given the honor of introducing into Montreal the prac- 
 tice now universal of bedside instruction, a most important part, when we look at 
 it, of medical education. 
 
 He was President of the Canada Medical Association, also President of the 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons of Quebec, and was a Governor for more than a 
 quarter of a century. He was also President of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of 
 Montreal, and I may add here no medical man in his native city had a higher 
 standing. 
 
 He was also a diligent student and a writer to various periodical publi- 
 cations. Some of his writings are most important to the medical fraternity. Those 
 relating to consumption (though rather opposed to general ideas) have been at last 
 gradually adopted by the Faculty at large, proving him to have been a far seeing and 
 a far-thinking man, ahead of the times, and realizing what the future will bring forth 
 in all its advancement and progress in every phase and department of literature, 
 philosophy and science. 
 
 He was Professor of Medicine in McGill College, and President of the Canada 
 Medical Association. In connection with these societies his papers read before them 
 or sent to Medical Journals on affections of the lungs, of the heart, and diseases of the 
 chest have not only been numerous, but showed that the Doctor had a great and favor- 
 ite study in these diseases, and did much by these writings to advance the knowledge 
 requisite to their relief. 
 
 In 1876, he contributed a most important paper to the International Medical 
 Congress of Philadelphia, on “ Pernicious Anaemia,” which was the most elaborate 
 and exhaustive essay on the subject in English before the Assembly. 
 
 Dr. Howard was first married in 1855 to Miss Frances Chipman, daughter 
 of the late Judge Chipman of Halifax,’ and had one son, the present Dr. Howard, 
 who married the only daughter of our well-known benevolent citizen and member 
 of Parliament, Sir Donald Smith. Mrs. Howard died in 1870. In 1872, he married 
 Miss Eva Lewis, of London, England, and had three children. The Doctor died 
 two years ago, and at his death men said: “ A good man, noble philanthropist and 
 honored native of Montreal has passed away. It will be a long time before one will 
 be found to fill his place.” 
 
SIR RANDOLPH ROl'TH. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 377 
 
 SIR R. J. ROUTH, K.C.13. 
 
 Sir Randolph was a son of the Honorable Richard Routh, past Chief Justice of 
 Newfoundland. He was descended from a very ancient Yorkshire family of Routh, 
 near Beverley. Sir Randolph was born at Poole, Dorset, England, in 1787. He 
 received his education at Eton, and entered the military service, Commissariat De- 
 partment, 1st May, 1805. In 1826, he was appointed Commissary-General, and for 
 forty-two years he served abroad, in Jamaica, at Walchern, in the Peninsula, Hol- 
 land, France and at Waterloo (under the Duke of Wellington), also in the Mediter- 
 ranean, West Indies and Canada, where he was appointed a Member of the Executive 
 Council before the Union. While holding this office he received the honor of knight- 
 hood by patent. During the famine in Ireland, in 1848, he was made a Commander 
 of the Order of the Bath for his able superintendence and services in attending to 
 the wants of the people during that trying period. In this country he was a univer- 
 sal favorite with all classes of the community, and it was with regret they witnessed 
 his departure from Ireland. He married first in 1815, at Paris, Adelaide Marie 
 Josephine, granddaughter of Colonel Laminiere, Secretary General of the Gardes de 
 Corps of Louis XVI., who died. Secondly, in 1830, at Quebec, Marie Louise, 
 daughter of Honorable Mr. Justice Taschereau, and sister of Cardinal Taschereau, of 
 Quebec. Sir Randolph Routh’s death took place in London, on 29th November, 1858, 
 aged 76. Lady Routh, his wife, survived him for thirty-three years, and died 16th of 
 December, 1891, in Montreal, at the advanced age of 81 years. Their eldest son, 
 Edward J. Routh, was born in Quebec, Canada, in 1835. He was, however, educated 
 at Cambridge, England, and attained Senior Wrangler at the early age of twenty-one 
 years, in 1856. Afterwards he was Mathematical Teacher in that University. For 
 thirty years he has had a wonderful success in preparing students for examinations 
 in all the different branches of the Colleges of Cambridge. No less than twenty- 
 seven Senior Wranglers were prepared by him. He has now retired, and devotes 
 himself to literature. He has a doctor’s degree of the University, and is a Fellow of 
 the Royal Society. He married Hilda, a daughter of the late Sir Richard Airy, 
 Royal Astromomer, and lives in England. Quite a gathering of Mathematical 
 notables not long ago assembled to present Mrs. Routh with a portrait of her hus- 
 band, painted by Herkomer. 
 
 Another son is F. A. Routh, the well-known shipping and steamboat agent of 
 the firm of Carbray, Routh & Co., Quebec and Montreal. He married a daughter 
 of the late Maurice Cuvillier, one of Montreal’s old citizens, and a name intimately 
 connected with the city for the past century. The following appeared in a recent 
 resume of the principal firms in the city : — “ Canada is noted for it fine timber limits, 
 and mines of various kinds, particularly coal in the Maritime Provinces. Montreal 
 being the principal city in the Dominion, it is only natural that the bulk of the pro- 
 ducts of both forest and mine should come here, either for home consumption or 
 export to foreign countries. Among the prominent firms that handle these products, 
 
378 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Messrs. Carbray, Routh & Co. take a very high place. They handle the output of 
 two of the Cape Breton mines, say 100,000 tons per annum, disposing of it in Mon- 
 treal or elsewhere on the St. Lawrence. They are also agents for some of the large 
 lumber firms from various mills on the St. Lawrence, shipping the products direct 
 from the mills to South America and Great Britain. In this way they handle an 
 enormous quantity of the products of the forests of Canada. This house was estab- 
 lished some twenty-one years ago, and has since that time, by the untiring push and 
 perseverance of the members, gone steadily on, and now they occupy one of the best 
 and most solid positions in Montreal. The members of the firm are well known in 
 Montreal as keen financiers and able business men in every way. Mr. F. A. Routh 
 is a member of the Board of Trade, and takes an active interest in all that concerns 
 the welfare of the city and its trade. Mr. F. Carbray resides in Quebec, and has 
 represented that city in the Local Legislature.” 
 
 HON. H. T. TASCHEREAU, B.L., B.C.L., 
 
 Judge of the Superior Court of the Province of Quebec, was born in the City of 
 Quebec, on the 6th October, 1841. He is the son of the Hon. Jean Thomas 
 Taschereau, late one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the Dominion, who, after 
 being on the Bench for nineteen years, was forced to resign his position in con- 
 sequence of ill-health, in October, 1878. His grandfather, Hon. Jean Thomas 
 Taschereau, was in his lifetime one of the PuisnS Judges of the Court of Queen’s 
 Bench of Lower Canada, and his grandmother, Marie Panet, was a daughter of the 
 Hon. Jean Panet, first speaker of the House of Assembly for Quebec province, which 
 he held for twenty consecutive years. Judge Taschereau, the subject of our sketch, 
 is the fifth member of the Taschereau family who have sat on the Bench of the Pro- 
 vince of Quebec, or of the Dominion of Canada, and is a nephew of His Eminence 
 the Cardinal Archbishop of Quebec. The family is one of the oldest and most dis- 
 tinguished in that province, its founder in Canada having been Thomas Jacques, of 
 Tourenne, France, son of Christopher Taschereau, King’s Counsellor, Director of the 
 Mint, and Treasurer of the City of Tours. This gentleman came to Canada about the 
 beginning of the last century, was appointed Treasurer of the Marine, and in 1736 
 obtained the cession of a seigniory on the banks of the Chaudi£re river, Quebec 
 Province. Judge Taschereau was educated at the Quebec Seminary, and at Laval 
 University, and received from Laval the degree of B.L. in 1861, and B.C.L. in 1862. 
 He took up Law as a profession, and practised in Quebec, with marked success, until 
 he was elevated to the bench in 1878. He was at one time a member of the City 
 Council of Quebec, and represented the city on the North Shore Railway Board. 
 In 1862 he edited the newspaper, Les Debats , and in 1863 was one of the editors of 
 La Tribune , of Quebec. He entered active political life in 1863, and ran as can- 
 didate for the County of Dorchester in the Legislative Assembly of Canada, but 
 failed to secure his election. In 1872, he was more successful, and was returned as 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 379 
 
 member for Montmorency county to the House of Commons. In 1874, he again 
 presented himself for election, and was returned by acclamation. In politics, he 
 was a Liberal. Being possessed of good talents and fine culture, with a good judicial 
 mind, he has already done credit to his family of eminent parents. He was first 
 married to a daughter of E. L. Pacaud, Advocate at Arthabaska, on the 22nd June, 
 1864, and has a family of nine children. After the death of his first wife (Nov., 
 1883), he married in April, 1885, Mrs. Marie Masson, widow, of Montreal, sister-in- 
 law of ex-Lieutenant-Governor Masson. 
 
 RICHARD B. ANGUS, 
 
 Director of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, is a Scotchman by birth, 
 having been born at Bathgate, in the neighborhood of the City of Edinburgh, Scot- 
 land, on the 28th day of May, 1830. He is one of four brothers, all’ remarkable for 
 the early developed brilliancy of their talents. Mr. Angus received his scholastic 
 education in the academy at Bathgate, and at an early age left Scotland and went to 
 England, where, in a bank in Manchester, he received his business training. Bound 
 to push his fortune, he came to Canada in 1857, and found a situation in the Bank 
 of Montreal. It was in the progress of the Bank of Montreal that the subject of 
 this memoir was destined to be identified during some of the most active years 
 of his busy life. Like not a few of the Scotchmen who have made their mark on 
 this side of the Atlantic, Mr. Angus had his business training in one of the great 
 commercial centres of England. The qualities which were ultimately to win 
 him the confidence of his colleagues in some of the grandest enterprises of the 
 time were soon recognized in the young Manchester clerk, and he rapidly mounted 
 the ladder of promotion. In three years he had risen to the post of accountant, 
 and in 1861 was sent to Chicago to assume charge of the branch office in that 
 city. After some years residence in Chicago, he was entrusted with a still larger 
 responsibility, being appointed to the associate management of the New York 
 agency ; a year later we find him once more in Montreal, as manager of the 
 local business, and having discharged the critical business of that position lor five 
 years, he succeeded Mr. King, in 1869, as general manager. His tenure of that high 
 position was marked by tact, foresight, and the fullest appreciation of opportunities 
 for extending the influence of the institution. In 1876, he resigned, in order to 
 accept the vice-presidency of the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway, a 
 step which in due time was to have important results. It will be remembered that, 
 as in the east, the entrance of the Maritime provinces into the Canadian Confedera- 
 tion necessitated the construction of the Intercolonial Railway. So in the extreme 
 west, the admission of British Columbia was effected solely on the condition that 
 communication should be established between the Pacific region and the rest of the 
 Dominion. It was one of the grandest enterprises that had ever been conceived in 
 an age fertile in great undertakings. In 1871, the survey was begun, but the scheme 
 was to undergo many modifications before the actual initiation of the work of con- 
 
3^o 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 struction. It was finally deemed most advisable on various grounds that the respon- 
 sibility should be assumed, not by the Government, but by a private company. At 
 last a syndicate was formed, with Mr. (now Lord Mount-Stephen) as its leading 
 spirit. Mr. Angus was one of the original body, and has remained in connection 
 with the incorporate company ever since as one of its directors. He shares, there- 
 fore, in the glory, as he has shared in the responsibility and risks, of a public work, 
 which had revolutionized the relations of the distant parts of the British empire, and 
 enhanced a hundredfold the prospect of Canada as to immigration, industry and 
 commerce. Not, indeed, till the present generation has passed away will the world 
 sufficiently appreciate the services of the men by whom the Canadian Pacific Rail- 
 way was completed, an all through route from ocean to ocean on British territory 
 and a band ot union between the metropolis and the farthest east, without which 
 Imperial unity would be little more than a name. Mr. Angus is regarded as a 
 shrewd business man, and very strict in his dealings. He is, however, none the less 
 popular, as he has many amiable qualities, being a typical instance of that dual 
 nature which is not uncommon, especially among Scotchmen, combining rigid 
 adherence to the letter of a bargain, and close calculation of expenditure in business 
 matters, with open-handed generosity in social intercourse. He is a member of the 
 St. Andrew’s Society, and holds the position of vice-president.” 
 
 JAMES TRAILL SHEARER 
 
 Is a specimen of what well-directed energy and perseverance can accomplish. Born 
 at Rosegill, Parish of Dunnet, not many miles from far-famed John O’Groat’s, Caith- 
 ness-shire, Scotland, on the 31st of July, 1822, he received his education in the 
 parish school of Dunnet, and at Castletown, in the same county. Leaving school 
 befoie he had scarcely entered his teens, he was obliged like many a lad in the far 
 north of Scotland, to begin work early, and was accordingly apprenticed to a car- 
 penter and millwright in the village of Castletown, and with him he faithfully served 
 the allotted term. To perfect himself in his trade, he removed to Wick, and worked 
 for about a year under D. Miller, a builder, who was erecting a church in Putney- 
 town. When he reached his twenty-first year he resolved to try his fortune in 
 Canada, and taking passage in a sailing vessel, on 30th May, 1848, reached Montreal, 
 wheie he has since resided. Shortly after his arrival he entered the employ of 
 Edw r ard Maxwell, an extensive carpenter and builder, as a general house-joiner and 
 staii -builder, branches of the business at which he was very proficient. After termi- 
 nating a three years* engagement with Mr. Maxwell, he went to Quebec city to take 
 charge of the joiner and carpenter work on a new bomb-proof hospital then being 
 built by the British Government on Cape Diamond. Finishing the job to the entire 
 -satisfaction of the British officers in charge, he returned to Montreal, and began the 
 study of steamboat architecture, especially cabin work, and soon became an adept 
 at the business. Work flowed in upon him, and he found many customers, among 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 381 
 
 others the late John Molson and David Torrance, for whom he fitted up many 
 steamboats for the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers, and lie still carries on very 
 extensively this branch of business, along with the manufacture of other kinds of 
 wood-work for house building purposes. Mr. Shearer is the inventor of what is 
 known as the hollow roof, for houses and large public buildings, which is considered 
 the best suited to the climate of Montreal. This roof is of a concave design, and 
 carries the water down the inside of the building, instead of the outside, thereby 
 avoiding the freezing up of pipes. It is used on the Windsor hotel, Montreal, 
 and has since been adopted generally throughout America. He has also been the 
 chief promoter of what is known as the “ Shearer scheme,” the object of which is to 
 improve the harbor of Montreal and prevent the flooding of the city, but owing to 
 the strong opposition urged against it by the Grand Trunk authorities, he has had 
 to abandon it for the present. However, it will have to be considered at no distant 
 day. If once adopted it will greatly improve the harbor of Montreal, and prove a 
 source of wealth to the inhabitants. The plans are now in the possession of the 
 Dominion Government, and although he has twice applied for an act of incorporation 
 for the “ St. Lawrence Bridge and Manufacturing Company,” who are prepared to 
 carry it to completion, he has not yet succeeded in getting this company incor- 
 porated. Mr. Shearer a few years ago designed and built for himself a house on 
 Mount Royal, and it is perhaps the best finished house in that city of fine dwellings, 
 all the internal work being of purely Canadian wood. The view from it is most 
 charming, and cannot be surpassed in the Dominion. A visitor can take in at a 
 glance the Chambly hills, Belle Isle, Mount Johnson, the River St. Lawrence for 
 many miles, the Victoria bridge, the Lachine rapids, and the full extent of the beau- 
 tiful city of Montreal. In politics Mr. Shearer is a Liberal; and in religion one of 
 those who does his own thinking, and has no objection to others doing the same. He 
 was married in Montreal, on the 23rd of June, 1848, to Eliza Graham. The two 
 eldest sons are now engaged with their father in business.” 
 
 HUGH BRODIE, N.P. 
 
 The grandfather of this well-known citizen, Hugh Brodie, Notary, the subject of this 
 sketch, was born in Loclnvinnoch, Ayrshire, Scotland, in the year 1780. After com- 
 ing to Canada, he resided some time at Chambly, afterwards with Mr. Lilly of the 
 Gale Farm, and latterly for many years at Coteau St. Pierre on his own farm and 
 property, where he devoted himself to agriculture. He became such a famous farmer 
 and agriculturist that his fame spread far beyond Montreal, — it extended to all 
 Canada and the Northern States of America. He was several times appointed a 
 Judge at the New York State Exhibitions. He is remembered by hundreds to this 
 day from the kind sympathy and counsel he gave them when they first landed in 
 Canada. His French Canadian neighbor farmers looked to him as a pattern which 
 they tried to follow. He died at Coteau St. Pierre in 1852. His two sons, Hugh 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 382 
 
 and Robert, were both successful farmers and highly respected members of the com- 
 munity. They are now both dead some time ago. 
 
 Hugh Brodie, grandson of the above, was born on the 24th April, 1842, at what 
 was then known as Tanneries des Rollands, now the Town of St. Henri, close to the 
 city, on the spot where is now erected the Roman Catholic Presbytery. He was 
 sent to the village school when not quite five years of age. He continued there until 
 sent in 1855 to what was known as Smith’s school in College Street. He afterwards 
 attended the Lower Canada College until 1858, when he entered the office of the late 
 William Easton, N.P., remaining there till February, 1859. He then entered the 
 office of the late well-known notary, James Smith, to whom he was articled, and was 
 admitted to the practice of the profession on the 15th February, 1864. He has 
 practised ever since in this city. Before being admitted to practice he was 
 unanimously chosen Secretary-Treasurer of the County of Hochelaga Agricultural 
 Society, a position which he still holds to this day, and interests himself much in the 
 advancement of agriculture and encouragement of the poorer class of farmers, to 
 whom he has always proved a good friend. He married, in 1867, Christina Christie, 
 eldest daughter of the late Peter Christie, Esq., who formerly resided at Niagara, and 
 a grandniece of the late William Christie, the well-known chandler of this city. 
 
 HON. SENATOR A. W. OGILVIE. 
 
 He is a descended from a younger brother of Gilchrist, Earl of Angus, a valiant 
 soldier, who, in the 13th century, was rewarded with the lands of Ogilvie in Banff- 
 shire, Scotland, and assumed the name of the estate. The family is celebrated in 
 history for having long preserved the Crown and Sceptre of Scotland from the hands 
 of Cromwell. His parents came to Canada in 1800, where his father served during 
 the war of 1812, and during the Rebellion of 1837 as a Volunteer Cavalry Officer. Born 
 at St. Michel, near Montreal, on the 7 th of May, 1829, he was educated in Montreal. 
 He married Sarah, daughter of William Leney, In 1854, he founded the firm of A. 
 W. Ogilvie & Co., largely engaged in the grain trade and proprietors of the Glenora 
 Mills, Montreal. Retired from the firm in 1874. He is a Lieut.-Col. of the Montreal 
 Cavalry (retired list) ; President of the St. Michel Road Company ; Chairman of 
 the Montreal Turnpike Trust, and of the Montreal Board of Directors of the London 
 (England) Guarantee Company ; a Director of the Sun Life Insurance Com- 
 pany, of the Edwardsburg Starch Company, Montreal Loan and Mortgage 
 Company, and Montreal Investment Company. He has been an Alderman for the 
 City of Montreal ; President of the Workingmen’s Widows and Orphans Benefit 
 Society, and of the St. Andrew’s Society. Sat for Montreal West in the Legislative 
 Assembly of the Province of Quebec from General Elections, 1867, when returned by 
 acclamation, until General Elections in 1871, when he declined re-nomination. Re- 
 elected at General Election in 1875, and sat until General Election of 1878, when 
 he again declined re-nomination. Called to the Senate 24th December, 1881, where 
 he has been ever since. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 383 
 
 H. ASPINWALL HOWE, T.C.D, LL.D., 
 
 The late Rector of the High School of Montreal, is now one of our oldest citizens. 
 He came to Montreal in 1848. Dr. Howe was born near Guilford, Surrey, Eng- 
 land, 8th July, 1815. His father was in the army. His mother was Mary Wicking. 
 He was educated at Elizabeth College, Guernsey, and Trinity College, Dublin. Re- 
 turning to Guernsey he finished his education in 1833, and began teaching at Bangor, 
 North Wales. Afterwards he was private tutor in the family of Lord Egerton, after- 
 wards Earl of Ellesmere. In 1848, he arrived in Montreal to assume the Rectorship 
 of the High School, which he held for over forty years. He has an acute mind and 
 great variety of talents. An excellent musician, and one of the most distinguished 
 chess players. Dr. Howe can do a great many things, and some of them remarkably 
 well. 
 
 For some years he occupied the Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy 
 in McGill College. He is now Emeritus Professor. He is an M.A. and an LL.D. 
 of McGill University. 
 
 In 1847, h e married Miss Louisa Fanshawe, daughter of the Vicar of Chard, 
 stock, England, and now has one son and two daughters living. One daughter is 
 married to Henry, Lord Aylmer, and now living in the Eastern Townships, 
 
 Dr. Howe resigned last year from the Rectorship of the High School, and 
 received the handsome sum of $5,000 with a beautiful oil portrait of himself from his 
 former pupils and scholars, as a mark of their affectionate esteem and regard. 
 
 THOMAS G. RODDICK, M.D., 
 
 Was born in Newfoundland, at Harbor Grace, 31st July, 1846. His father was John 
 Irvine Roddick, who came from Dumfries-shire, Scotland ; his mother was Emma 
 Jane Martin, a native of Newfoundland. His father having come to the terra incognita 
 as a teacher, was the Principal of the Government Grammar School at Harbor 
 Grace. Dr. Roddick came to Montreal, the focus for so many of our young men from 
 all parts of British North America, in 1864, entering as a student in McGill Medical 
 School, and after passing a brilliant career graduated in 1868, carrying off the Holmes 
 Gold Medal. At once he entered the General Hospital as Assistant House Surgeon, 
 and remained as such for the next six years. Since 1874, he has been in general 
 practice in Montreal. In that year he was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy in 
 McGill, and in 1875 Professor of Clinical Surgery in that institution. At one time 
 he was Assistant Surgeon to the Grand Trunk Artillery, the late Dr. Scott being 
 Senior. In 1880, he married Marion McKinnon of Pointe Claire, and is still actively 
 engaged in the duties of his profession. Dr. Roddick’s name stands high to-day, at 
 the near close of the 19th century, as a man entirely devoted to his profession, and 
 in the near future to rise to the highest pinnacle of it. 
 
384 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 
 CUTHBERT GRANT. 
 
 Little is known of the early history of this man. His father was one of the High- 
 landers who had come out to Canada in the interests of the fur trade, and his mother 
 was an Indian woman (a squaw). His father sent him, like many others, to 
 Montreal to be educated, and afterwards he entered the employ of the Fur Company. 
 In 1792, to show how he worked for his employers, Sir Alexander Mackenzie tells us 
 that Cuthbert Grant had penetrated as far as the Slave River in 1786. In one of 
 these expeditions no less than six of his voyageurs had been drowned whilst he 
 miraculously escaped. He was a brave man, fertile in devices for advancing the 
 interests of his employers. With Indian blood in his veins he wielded a powerful 
 influence over all the Indians and Half-Breeds. We find his name at the head of the 
 warning to the Selkirk settlers, telling them to look out and by a certain time leave 
 the Red River and trespass no longer on the lands of the Great North-West Fur 
 Company. We find the words of the document thus to read : 
 
 June 25th, 1815. 
 
 “All settlers to retire immediately from Red River and no trace of a settlement 
 to remain.” 
 
 {Signed), CUTHBERT GRANT, 
 
 “ BOSTOMNAIS ” BANGMAN, 
 WILLIAM SHAW, 
 
 “ BONHOMME ” MONTOUR. 
 
 He was the chief director in the subsequent attack, June, 1811, when Governor 
 Semple lost his life, and many of the innocent settlers were killed. Having taken 
 the Fort, he was afterwards seized on American soil by Lord Selkirk and carried to 
 Fort William, but things soon subsided on account of the immense influence of the 
 Company with the Government at Quebec. What ultimately became of him I can- 
 not find out, whether he died in the North-West, or retired, as so many of the traders 
 did to Montreal, and enjoyed their fortunes, and spent the latter part of their lives in 
 ease and comfort. 
 
 HON. EDWARD GOFF PENNY 
 
 Was born near London, England, 15th May, 1820, and educated there. He married, 
 in 1857, Eleanor Elizabeth, daughter of Oliver Smith, Esq., of Montreal. Called to 
 the Bar of Lower Canada, 1850. He was one of the proprietors of, and Chief 
 political writer for, the Montreal Herald newspaper. He is the author of a 
 pamphlet against Confederation, published in Montreal in 1867. He was called to 
 the Senate, 13th March, 1874, and died some years ago. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 385 
 
 MARIE MARGUERITE DU FROST, 
 
 Les Sceurs Grises. 
 
 This heroic woman was born at Varennes, near Montreal, in 1701. She was the 
 daughter of a brave officer of Marine from Brittany, who had come to remain in 
 Canada. A former society had looked after the poor till the advent of the subject of 
 our sketch into the Institution, but it had become almost inert on account of poverty 
 fifty years after its foundation in 1747. 
 
 In 1722, she married M. d’Youville. He died in 1730, leaving two children. 
 She determined henceforth to consecrate herself to works of charity. She began by 
 visiting the sick at their houses and by receiving some in her own home. Very soon 
 several good girls joined themselves to her. She extended her circle of charity and 
 influence, and her intelligent zeal in all her actions so moved the St. Sulpicians, that 
 they unanimously gave her the direction of the General Hospital. She entered on 
 charge in 1747, but almost immediately there arose against her a cabal amongst some 
 of the most honorable citizens. This was on account of the “Freres Hospitaliers,” 
 whose functions they considered were being infringed on — an ancient society who had 
 done much good in its day. Even the Governor and the authorities leagued to 
 expel Madame d’Youville from the “ l’Hopital G6n£ral,” and they wrote to Paris all 
 that they could imagine derogatory of her. But all in vain, the Court at Versailles 
 maintained her position, and by letters patent in 1753 made Madame d’Youville the 
 head or Superioress of the establishment of the General Hospital. Then she adopted 
 every way of clearing the Institution of debt, which she happily accomplished. 
 
 In 1765, a serious fire crippled her in the housing of 118 persons then under her 
 care. Five years after, this indefatigable woman had once more erected the building, 
 and now had 170 persons dependent on her. 
 
 After the Cession she received 60,000 livres annually by work done for the 
 troops and government, by annual donations, subscriptions and gifts. It was then 
 she considered the idea and carried it out, of adopting found infants — infants 
 deserted by their mothers — and those confided to their care j and also a Refuge for 
 Penitents. Her faith that God would provide was constant. At one time when entirely 
 destitute of means, she found several pieces of gold. Another time when there was 
 no bread in the house, a large quantity of flour came to the door without anyone 
 knowing who had sent it or whence it came. But this continues to this very day. 
 With an income, say, of $30,000 per annum, it distributes $60,000 per annum in 
 charity. 
 
 Madame d’Youville can never be forgotten. She was a Canadian, pure and 
 simple, an honor to Canadians, and her good works, though she is dead, yet 
 speak. 
 
 We must now speak a little of another one connected with this Institution. 
 Catherine Kollmyer, born of Protestant parentage, was early convinced that her 
 vocation was with the Grey Nuns, and so she requested admittance into the com- 
 
 25 
 
3 86 
 
 GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL* 
 
 munity. She did much for the Institution, and is to this day esteemed one of the 
 pillars of the Institution. 
 
 We may add that the old buildings of the “ Sceurs Grises ” have years ago been 
 demolished or used as stores in the progress of Montreal, and that the S.sters in 
 ,875 erected immense buildings on Guy street, an engraving of which is inserted in 
 this Gazetteer, where they still carry on their works of charity, benevolence and 
 love. The principal Sisters connected with the Institution in this the 250th anni- 
 versary of the founding of Montreal are Sister Devins and Sister Curran, names 
 which to me call up reminiscences of Montreal of years ago. The first is sister to him 
 who next the Court House dispensed his medicines and comforts to many an 
 afflicted man bowed down by the weight of Law and Justice, and who died only a 
 few days ago. The other brings to my mind one of the finest intellects of Irish wit 
 and oratory, independent of his legal lore. I have much pleasure, through the 
 kindness of my late old friend, R. J. Devins, in placing this imperfect sketch of 
 the “Sceurs Grises” before the people of Montreal. 
 
 JAMES HODGES. 
 
 « The antecedents of Mr. Hodges constitute him another striking illustration of 
 self-help. To his own indomitable perseverance alone, coupled with the strictest 
 integrity of character and honorable conduct, does he owe his present high position 
 in the engineering world — a position which did not fail to attract the notice of his 
 future king, on the occasion of the laying of the last stone of the Victoria Bridge by 
 His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, on the 25th of August, i860. Ot the many 
 claimants that have sprung up, both in Britain and in Canada, for the honor of being 
 the originator or designer of the Victoria Bridge, it is not our intention to speak; 
 but we are at the present time about to introduce a name in connection with this 
 stupendous structure which well deserves the record we here give it. From the 
 hour in which the first cofferdam was laid, until the last rivet was driven, which com- 
 pleted the Victoria Bridge as it now stands, the presiding genius was Mr. Hodges, as 
 the engineer of the contractors, Messrs. Peto, Brassy and Betts. 
 
 “ Mr. Hodges was born on 6th April, 1814, in Queenborough, in the county of 
 Kent, where he was educated at the Grammar School of that town. After going 
 through the scholastic duties of a Grammar School of that day, lie was removed, in 
 order to receive a Government appointment which some of his Parliamentary friends 
 had promised, but which promise was never redeemed. After waiting until his 
 patience was exhausted, he apprenticed himself, at the age of seventeen, to a builder, 
 residing at Brompton near Chatham. Having served four years in this trade, he com- 
 menced his railway practice under Mr. John Rowland, the agent of Macintosh, the 
 contractor of the Greenwich Railway, his first essay in railway work being the cent- 
 ring of the arches. After this he went to Shard, and at the age of twenty-two had 
 charge of the building of the Union Houses of that place. These finished, his next 
 work was at the Shakspeare Tunnel, Dover, which he superintended at first as the 
 agent of the contractor, Mr. Rowland; but, on his death, Mr. Hodges assumed the 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 387 
 
 charge of the work in concert with the resident engineer of the South Eastern Rail- 
 way ; and it is not a little remarkable, that every ounce of gunpowder used in the 
 large blasts was deposited in its place by his own hands. During the progress of 
 this work he attracted the attention of the late Sir Win. Cubitt, then engineer-in-chief 
 of the South Eastern Railway, to whom Mr. Hodges has frequently stated he is more 
 indebted for his subsequent rise and progress in his profession than to any other 
 man. The pupil in this case is a worthy disciple of a very worthy master. 
 
 “ It was at this time that a curious resolve was made by young Hodges, and it 
 was this, that, if spared, he would work until the age of thirty-five, for whatever 
 amount of remuneration others might think his labor worth, but after that time he 
 should name the price at which his services were to be obtained. And to this end 
 he steadily kept on progressing, so that by the time this period of his life was reached 
 — having superintended the driving of the Abbott’s Cliff, Seaham, and Archcliff Fort 
 tunnels, and the erection of the Shakspeare viaduct, along with the blasting of the 
 Rounddown Cliff, and several other works in that neighborhood, as well as the erec- 
 tion of swing bridges at Norwich, Needham and Somerleyton, as the agent of Sir 
 Morton Peto, Bart., with whom, about this time, he became acquainted — his resolve 
 was no castle in the air on his part. but a firm determination to work up by hard 
 industry and integrity to the point which he himself had chosen, and which he 
 attained within the time he had himself specified. A handsome testimonial from Sir 
 William Cubitt, at the termination of their business relations, as to his worth, gave 
 him a fresh start as it were in his upward tendency, and the next appointment he 
 filled was that of resident engineer, under Mr. G. P. Bidder, on the Norfolk Railway. 
 The trammels of daily routine, and on so limited a scale, were not in consonance 
 with his feelings, and, retiring from that position, we next find him as the engineer 
 of the Lowestoft harbor ; after which, in connection with Mr. James Peto, the 
 brother of Sir Morton Peto, he contracted for and built fifty miles of the Great 
 Northern Railway, on behalf of his principals, Messrs. Peto and Betts. 
 
 “ After so many years of active life, under which his health suffered to some 
 considerable extent, Mr. Hodges determined on retiring into private life, and with 
 that view purchased a small estate, near Bagshot, Surrey, where he resided ; 
 but no sooner had he completed his arrangements, in 1853, for enjoying his otium 
 cum dignitate , than the organization of the Grand Trunk Railway Company, with its 
 Victoria Bridge across the St. Lawrence, afforded him, as the agent of the contrac- 
 tors who had undertaken the work, the opportunity of handing his name down to 
 posterity, associated with an undertaking which will last through all time. Such an 
 opportunity was not to be lost sight of by the active and genial temperament of such 
 a man, and it was at once embraced. The good he has done in the field of his labors, 
 between that time and the present day, may be summed up in the words of the late 
 Bishop Fulford, Metropolitan Bishop of Canada, who spoke them on the occasion of 
 the workmen in the employ of Messrs. Peto & Betts erecting a stone — a granite 
 boulder, weighing thirty tons, taken from the bed of the river — to preserve from 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 388 
 
 desecration the remains of six thousand emigrants, which were found in digging the 
 foundations of some of the Grand Trunk Railway works. The Right Reverend 
 gentleman said : ‘ He was there because he wished to pay the tribute of his personal 
 respect to Mr. Hodges, to testify his high sense of that gentleman’s integrity, and of 
 the Christian principle with which he had always acted towards all employed under 
 him. He had provided for their spiritual and educational supervision; and his 
 otherwise high moral principles, his Christian philanthropy, and his munificent 
 liberality to the charities of their city, would remain on perpetual record.’ ” 
 
 JACQUES CARTIER. 
 
 In this series of Biographical sketches we will now present the bold and intrepid 
 mariner, Jacques Cartier, the discoverer and explorer of the country. The first 
 to discover Canada, and to plan out a great country ; the first to colonize it, though 
 on a small scale ; and the first to take an interest in and endeavor to advance 
 her interests and welfare, even at the sacrifice and expense of his own. 
 
 “To us the career of such a man from whom we have sprung, and to whom the 
 province owes its existence, is full of material interest. He was the founder and 
 discoverer of this country, and although it was then a vast wilderness, and sparsely 
 peopled by barbarians, yet as he glided up the placid and limpid waters of the St. 
 Lawrence, he was forcibly struck with the beauty and the variety of the scenery, and 
 with the excellent spots which nature had formed to be inhabited by more civilized 
 beings. Cartier predicted that this would become a great country in time, and his 
 prediction has been verified. Consider the history of the period, extending from 
 1534 to 1892, and mark the result; it is wonderful, it is magical ! Although in one 
 sense it may appear a long time ; yet for an infant colony how short does the space 
 seem for the achievement of such miracles ? The country was not colonized for fifty 
 years after Cartier first discovered it, and then very sparsely ; and so it continued 
 for many successive years. When the Cession took place, there where very few 
 settlers or settlements in Upper Canada ; yet, in the present day, we have cities and 
 towns and villages and hamlets, and cleared land and farms, from one end of the 
 country to the other ; commerce and trade allied together, and active business car- 
 ried on everywhere ; railroads cross our country at every point ; rivers are connected 
 by magnificent bridges ; steamers, propellers and river craft traverse our lakes and 
 rivers from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Lake Superior ; valuable public works are 
 constructed so as to make the most distant points available to trade ; and nearly 
 every nook and corner of the province has been explored and found or made useful 
 for settlement ; hidden treasures have been brought to light that would gladden the 
 heart of an Eastern Nabob. The country is peopled by a population of nearly five 
 millions, which will soon be doubled. The population is becoming an enlightened and 
 intelligent people, active and energetic, anxious and willing to advance the country ; 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 389 
 
 in fact, there is no country which, for its size (and we might nearly put England in 
 one of our counties), is possessed of such superior privileges and such valuable 
 sources of wealth. Who could have foreseen all this as Cartier sailed tranquilly up 
 the St. Lawrence ? Did he, in his “ mind’s eye,” think of it, and raise up before 
 him the happy settlements, cleared lands, and large, thriving and gay cities and 
 towns, and crowded and teeming industrious populations ? We fear not ; notwith 
 standing his prediction, he could never have dreamed that the country just dis- 
 covered by him could be brought to such a state of perfection and magnificence, 
 and become such a source of wealth and prosperity to the nation that held it ; yet, 
 such is the case, and the name of Cartier will undoubtedly be ever allied with the 
 discovery of this country, and be entwined in unison with that of Champlain, as our 
 national benefactors, and as the establishers of a young and vigorous nation.” 
 
 Unfortunately, in this present sketch, we are unable to give any more informa- 
 tion concerning the interesting and erratic history of the adventurous navigator than 
 has already been given in several biographical works. 
 
 He was celebrated in France as an enterprising mariner and pilot, and was a 
 native of St. Malo. After the voyage of the Cabots, who discovered Newfoundland 
 and the mouth of the St. Lawrence, the French perceived the value of the recent 
 discoveries ; and in a few years began the cod fishery upon the banks of Newfound- 
 land. The Baron de Levis is said to have discovered a part of Canada about 1518. 
 In 1524, John Veranzza, a Florentine in the service of France, ranged the coast of 
 the new continent from Florida to Newfoundland. From a subsequent voyage, in 
 1525, he never returned, and it is supposed that he was cut to pieces, and devoured 
 by the savages. His fate discouraged other attempts to discover the new world, till 
 the importance of having a colony in the neighborhood of the fishing banks induced 
 Francis I. to sent out Cartier in 1534. That monarch, tradition has it, said: “ The 
 Kings of Spain and Portugal are taking possession of the new world, without giving 
 me a part ; I should be glad to see the article in Adam’s last will which gives them 
 the whole of the fine continent of America.” Cartier sailed from St. Malo on the 
 20th April, with two ships of sixty tons, and one hundred and twenty-two men. On 
 the 10th of May he came in sight of Bonavista, on the Island of Newfoundland ; but 
 the ice obliged him to go to the south, and he entered a harbor at a distance of five 
 leagues, to which he gave the name of St. Catherine. As soon as the season would 
 permit, he sailed northward and entered the Straits of Belleisle. In this voyage he 
 visited the greater part of the coast which surrounds the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and 
 took possession of the country in the name of the king ; he discovered a bay, which 
 he called Baie des Chaleurs, on account of the sultry weather which he there expe- 
 rienced. He sailed so far into the great river, afterwards called the St. Lawrence, as 
 to discover land on the opposite side. 15th August, he set sail on his return to 
 France, and arrived at St. Malo on the 5th of September. 
 
 When his discoveries were known in France, it was determined to make a settle- 
 ment in that part of America which he had visited. Accordingly, in the following 
 
 
39 ° 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 year, he received a more ample commission, and was equipped with three vessels. 
 When he was ready to depart, he went to the Cathedral Church with his whole com- 
 pany, and the bishop gave them his benediction. He sailed 19th May. 1535. He 
 encountered a severe storm on his passage ; but in July he reached the destined port. 
 He entered the Gulf, as in the preceding year, being accompanied by a number of 
 young men of distinction. He sailed up the St. Lawrence, and discovered an island, 
 which he named L'Isle de Bacchus , but which is now called Orleans, in the neigh- 
 borhood of Quebec. This island was full of inhabitants, who subsisted by fishing, 
 etc. He went on shore, and the native Indians brought him Indian corn for his 
 refreshment. With his pinnace and two boats he proceeded up the river as far as 
 Hochelaga, a settlement upon an island, which he called Mont Royal, the Royal 
 Mount now called Montreal. In this Indian town were about fifty long huts, built with 
 stakes, and covered with bark. The people lived mostly by fishing and tillage. They 
 had corn, beans, squashes and pumpkins. In two or three days he set out on his 
 return, and arrived 4th October at St. Croix, not far from Quebec, now called 
 Jacques Cartier’s river. Here he passed the winter. In December the scurvy began 
 to make its appearance among the natives ; and, in a short time, Cartier s company 
 were seized by the disorder. By the middle of February, of one hundred and ten 
 persons, fifty were sick at once, and eight or ten had died. In this extremity he 
 appointed a day of humiliation. A crucifix was placed on a tree ; a procession of 
 those who were able to walk was formed, and at the close of the devotional exer- 
 cises, Cartier made a vow, that “ if it should please God to permit him to return to 
 France, he would go in pilgrimage to Our Lady of Roquemado. Ihe sick were all 
 healed by using a medicine, which was employed with success by the natives. This 
 was a decoction of the leaves and bark of a tree. The liquor was drank every other 
 day, and an external application was made to the legs. Charlevoix says the tree was 
 that which yielded turpentine, and Dr. Belknap thinks it was the spruce pine. In 
 May, Cartier set sail on his return to France, carrying off with him Donacona, the 
 Indian king of the country, and nine other natives, all of whom, except a little gill, 
 died in France. He arrived at St. Malo, July 6th, 1536. 
 
 At the end of four years, a third expedition was projected. Francois de la 
 Roque, Lord of Roberval, was commissioned by the king as his Lieutenant Governor 
 in Canada ; and Cartier was appointed his pilot, with the command of five ships. 
 His commission, which may be seen in Hazard’s collection, was dated October 17th, 
 1540. He sailed, however, May 23rd, 154°? to Newfoundland and Canada. August 
 23rd, he arrived at the haven of St. Croix, in the River St. Lawrence ; about four 
 leagues above that place, on a cliff, at the east side of the mouth of a small river, 
 he built a fort, which he called Charlesbourg ; this was near Quebec. In the spring 
 of 1542, he determined to return to France, and accordingly in June he ariived at 
 St. John’s, in Newfoundland, on his way home. Here he met Roberval, who did 
 not accompany him in his voyage, and had been detained till this time. He was 
 ordered to return to Canada, but he chose to pursue his voyage to France, and 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 39 * 
 
 sailed out of the harbor privately in the night. Roberval attempted to establish a 
 colony, but it was soon broken up, and the French did not establish themselves 
 permanently in Canada till after the expiration of half a century. 
 
 Cartier published memoirs of Canada after his second voyage. The names 
 which he gave to islands, rivers, etc., are now entirely changed. In this work he 
 shews that he possessed a large share of the credulity and exaggeration of travellers. 
 Being one day in the chase, he says, he pursued a beast which had but two legs, and 
 which ran with astonishing rapidity. This strange animal was probably an Indian, 
 clothed with the skin of some wild beast. He speaks also of human monsters of 
 different kinds, of which accounts had been given him ; some of them lived without 
 eating. 
 
 HON. LOUIS N. MORIN. 
 
 Mr. Morin was. born at Lavaltrie, in the County of Berthier, on the North Shore of 
 the St. Lawrence, on the 21st of January, 1832. He entered L’Assomption College 
 in 1842, where he followed the ordinary course of education in that institution until 
 July, 1849 i commenced the study of the Law in 1850, in the office of Messrs. 
 Cherrier, Dorion & Dorion, of Montreal ; also, followed a course of lectures under 
 the late Hon. D. B. Viger, and on the 7th of February, 1853, was admitted to the 
 Bar, and highly complimented for his creditable examination by the late T. Peltier, 
 Esq., battonier of the Bar of the Montreal District. The deceased gentleman, it is 
 said, used these words in conclusion on addressing M. Morin : “ I hope, with the 
 talents which Providence has bestowed upon you, you will not fail to do honor to your 
 country.” Mr. Morin early took an interest in politics, and at the General Elections 
 of 1854 he was solicited to run for the County of L’Assomption, but was defeated. 
 A vacancy having occurred during the same Parliament for the County of Terrebonne, 
 adjoining L’Assomption, Mr. Morin presented himself, and was returned by acclama- 
 tion, but scarcely was his election concluded when Parliament was dissolved ; this 
 happened in 1857. When the next General Election took place, Mr. Morin again 
 became a candidate for the same constituency, and was again unanimously elected. 
 When the new Parliament met in February, 1858, a high honor awaited Mr. Morin in 
 his being selected from the whole batch of newly returned members to move the 
 Reply to the Speech from the Throne. During that Session and the succeeding one, 
 he took an active part in all the proceedings of the House, and being an excellent 
 speaker and possessed of rare talents for a young member, he exercised considerable 
 influence in the Assembly. Previously to this he was connected with the La Patrie 
 newspaper, the first French journal started on the daily principle in Canada, and 
 edited by some of the cleverest writers among the French Canadian portion of the 
 community. 
 
 In January, i860, Mr. Morin was appointed to the vacant Solicitor-Generalship 
 for Lower Canada, with a seat in the Cabinet. The political world was somewhat 
 surprised to hear of this appointment, Mr. Morin being in the opinion of many too 
 young for an Executive Councillor and Queen’s Counsel, so that members of the 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 39 2 
 
 other party raised various objections, all of which were either satisfactorily answered 
 or successfully overcome. The honorable gentleman proved that, notwithstand- 
 ing his age, he was none the less fitting and capable of sustaining the duties of his 
 appointment. When we add that he was as brave as he was talented, we have said 
 sufficient In the General Election which followed he was defeated in Terrebonne, but 
 returned for Laval by a large majority. After a busy and eventful life he died some 
 years ago. 
 
 LIEUT. CHARLES McKAY. 
 
 “Charlfs McKay was the youngest but one of four sons who survived their father, 
 the late Hon. Thomas McKay, M.L.C., of Ottawa. He was born in Montreal, 21st 
 April, 1836, and educated at the High School of that city, and also 111 Edinburgh, 
 Scotland where he was at his studies when the Crimean War created so much 
 military ardor amongst the youth of Britain. As a boy, he was remarkable for his 
 steadiness, self-control and self-reliance, and a judgment beyond his years. Possessed 
 of great personal strength and a fearless disposition, he was slow to anger; amiable 
 and gentle in his deportment, and though not wanting in means or opportunity for 
 
 indulgence, was temperate in all things. . . 
 
 “ At his urgent request, while at school in Edinburgh, a commission was obtained 
 for him in a line regiment, and on May 10, 1855, he was gazetted to the 97* 
 Regiment, then one of the strongest in the Crimea, the depot of which was at Preston, 
 where he joined. So rapid was promotion in consequence of death vacancies, that 
 on 21st December of the same year he became Lieutenant, without purchase, and 
 embarked for Malta, where reinforcements were located to acclimatize them for the 
 Crimea. In 1856, he sailed for Balaklava, where he arrived on the nth March, 
 after the fall of Sebastopol and the cessation of hostilities. On his return from the 
 Crimea, he paid a visit to his family in Canada, which was abruptly terminated by 
 the breaking out of the Sepoy Rebellion, in 1857. He sailed with his regiment from 
 Spithead, 5th August, 1857, arrived at Calcutta in November, and was sent up in 
 •December to Benares, where his regiment formed part of General Frank’s division, 
 in the march to Lucknow. At Benares, he was laid up with fever on his arrival on 
 the 1 6th December, and did not come off the sick list until the 2nd of January. On 
 the 4 th. the regiment marched to Babudpoor. During this period his diary shows 
 hard work — up at four every morning, and sometimes on his feet till midnight ; fre- 
 quently going the whole day without food, and sleeping where only soldiers have to 
 sleep. On the 8th, they were joined by two Ghoorka Regiments at Manccahoo. 
 On the 22nd. they came up with the Rebels at Secundia. Coming in from outlying 
 pickets, on the morning of the 23rd January, young McKay was marched with the 
 column to attack the Sepoys who were strongly fortified in the midst of a thick 
 jungle.” He was killed in the Indian Mutiny, to the extreme regret both of men 
 and officers who greatly loved the young hero. His father’s house is now the 
 gubernatorial residence, “ Rideau Hall," of the Governors of the Dominion of 
 Canada. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 393 
 
 COLONEL C. AIM£ DUGAS, J.P. 
 
 The subject- of this sketch, our efficient and painstaking Police Magistrate, was born on 
 the nth February, 1845, at St. Remi, near Montreal. His parents were Adolphe Dugas, 
 M.D., and his mother was Clothilde Olignv. His father figured rather prominently 
 in the troubles of 1837-38, and was for some time incarcerated in the Gaol for High 
 Treason. His commitment is dated 1st March, 1837, * n which he is declared guilty 
 of High Treason. I find that on the 23rd of the following June, he must have con- 
 vinced the authorities that he could be admitted to bail, as on that day his name is 
 mentioned as having been discharged from prison in a paper headed thus : “ Discharge 
 of various State Prisoners,” and with him were discharged some well-known names, 
 such as Joseph Gervais, Jean Jabot, Damien Masson, Joseph Tougas, Leon Breau 
 and Felix Cardinal. The paper was signed by George Pyke, J.K.B. 
 
 The subject of our present sketch was educated in the Montreal College. He 
 entered the Law office of the Chief Justice at that time, and also passed some time in 
 the offices of Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, now Premier of the Dominion, and of the Lorangers. 
 He was admitted to the Bar in May, 1868, and became co-partner with D. Girouard 
 for five years, and also with A. B. Longpr6, late Prothonotary for the same period. 
 He was appointed President of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace, October, 
 1878, which he still holds. 
 
 Amidst all his multiplicity of legal business he devoted himself a little to politics 
 and ran for Hochelaga County in the interests of the Liberal patty to which he had 
 belonged, but was defeated in the elections of 1878. He has been connected with the 
 Volunteers since 1879 as Major and then Colonel of the 65th Battalion, Mount Royal 
 Rifles. With this Battalion as Major, he went to the North-West Rebellion in 1885. 
 Was stationed at Calgary, Battleford and Fort Pitt. After the return of the Battalion 
 in 1886, he was promoted to the rank of Colonel, which he held till lately, when he 
 resigned on account of pressing legal and magisterial duties. He had succeeded 
 Colonel Ouitnet, now one of the Privy Council of the Dominion. The Judge of 
 Quarter Sessions is muclt interested in developing the mines of this country, 
 especially near St. Jerome, where we all know that in the Laurentian Range of 
 Mountains all the minerals most required by man are found in abundance. This 
 developing the resources of Canada is one of the most patriotic ways of raising her 
 to a high standard among the nations. The vast Laurentian Range was the first part 
 of the earth that rose to solidity in the bygone ages of Creation, and in these rocks 
 we find great deposits of different minerals far beyond that of any other country. 
 All the economic minerals, save limestone, are found in abundance, and gold, silver, 
 nickel, iron, asbestos, mica, plumbago, and a long list even of gems and ornamental 
 stones are ail to be procured in that grand old Laurentian Range. May Judge Dugas 
 and all others who are endeavoring to develop such, be well rewarded. I must state 
 how some can be rewarded in these mining probabilities by instancing the actual 
 record of one such which took place a year or two ago. The Author’s Church 
 
394 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Warden, an official of the C. P.R., was sent from Hochelaga to Sudbury. 
 He, in connection with a friend, bought the mining rights of an Indian of a piece 
 of ground for a few dollars which showed copper deposits in abundance. They sold 
 it to a company for $40,000. The company is now the Great Nickel Company of 
 Sudbury, as this mineral was found to be associated fifty per cent, with the copper. 
 Lately this company were offered by another Association of the United States one 
 million dollars for half their rights and refused. No wonder that the Government at 
 Quebec lately gave orders that no more Government lands should be sold at their 
 previous cheap rates. Canada from Labrador, where Judge Dugas has excellent mines 
 of mica, etc., to the shores of the Arctic Ocean and the blue Pacific in the West, pos- 
 sesses an extraordinary amount of all these minerals and gems, and in the future they 
 will be the means of raising her high among the nations of the world. 
 
 The Judge married ptisan Harkin, sister of the late Rev. Peter Harkin, cure 
 of Sillery, Quebec, and cousin to the late Hon. Judge Drummond, and has three 
 children. He is a keen sportsman, and enjoys a hunting expedition as much as 
 any one. His decisions on the Bench are generally regarded as fair, prompt and to 
 the point, and he shows much interest in bettering the condition of the criminal 
 classes. 
 
 CHAMPLAIN. 
 
 “ Samuel de Champlain, a name rendered illustrious in our annals from his services 
 in not only founding the ancient City of Quebec, but in establishing Canada ; in 
 spreading civilization, repelling the attack of the hordes of Indians, and thus saving 
 the lives of the early French settlers ; in exploring the country and its valuable 
 resources, and thus bringing its name conspicuously before not only his own nation, 
 but many others. 
 
 “ He was of a noble family of Brouage, in the Province of Saintonge, France. He 
 commanded a vessel, in which he made a voyage to the East Indies, about the year 
 1600, and acquired a high reputation as an able and experienced officer. After an ab- 
 sence of two years and a half, he returned to France, at a time when it was proposed 
 to prosecute the discoveries which had been commenced in Canada by Cartier. The 
 Marquis de la Roche and Chauvin, Governors of Canada, had endeavored to estab- 
 lish a Colony, and the latter was succeeded by De Chatte, who engaged Champlain 
 in his service in 1603. Champlain sailed March 16, accompanied by Pontgrave, 
 who had made many voyages to Tadousac, at the entrance of the Saguenay into the 
 St. Lawrence. After their arrival at this pi ice, 25th of May, they in a light batteau 
 ascended the St. Lawrence to the Falls of St. Louis, which bounded the discoveries 
 of Cartier in 1535. This was not far from Hochelaga ; but that Indian settlement 
 was not now in existence. After making many inquiries of the natives, and explor- 
 ing much of the country along the St. Lawrence, he sailed for France in August. 
 On his arrival in September he found that De Chatte was dead, and his commission 
 as Lieutenant-General of Canada given to the Sieur De Monts. This nobleman 
 engaged him as his pilot in another voyage to the New World. 
 
395 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 “Champlain sailed upon his second voyage, March 7th, 1604, and arrived at 
 Acadia, May 6th. After being employed about a month in the long boat visiting 
 the coast, in order to find a proper situation for a settlement, he pitched upon a small 
 island about twenty leagues to the westward of St. John’s River, and about half a 
 league in circumference. To this island De Monts, after his arrival at the place, 
 gave the name of St. Croix. It lies in the river of the same name, which divides the 
 United States from the Province of New Brunswick. During the winter Champlain 
 was occupied in exploring the country, and he went as far as Cape Cod, where he 
 gave the name of Malebarre to a point of land, on account of the imminent danger 
 of running aground near it with his bark. Next year he pursued his discoveries, 
 though he did not pass more thin ten or twelve leagues beyond Malebarre. 
 
 “ In 1607, he was sent out on another voyage to Tadousac, accompanied by 
 Pontgrav6. In July, 1608, he laid the foundation of Quebec. He was a man who 
 did not embarrass himself with commerce, and who felt no interest in traffic with the 
 Indians, which proved so profitable to many engaged in it. Being entrusted with 
 the charge of establishing a permanent colony, he examined the most eligible places 
 for settlement, and selected a spot upon the St. Lawrence, at the confluence of this 
 river and the small river of St. Charles, about four hundred and ten miles from the 
 sea. The river in this place was very much contracted, and it was on this account 
 that the natives called it Quebec (although various surmises are advanced by His- 
 torians and others as to the origin of the name). Here he arrived on the 3rd of July. 
 He erected barracks, cleared the ground, sowed wheat and rye, and laid the founda- 
 tion of the “Gibraltar of America.” The toil of subduing the wilderness was not 
 very acceptable to all his company ; for some of them conspired to put their leader 
 to death, and to embark at Tadousac for France. The attempt to destroy him was 
 to be made by poison and by a train of gunpowder ; but, the apothecary having dis- 
 covered the scheme, one of the conspirators was hanged, and others were condemned 
 to the galleys. During the winter his people were afflicted with the scurvy. Cham- 
 plain sought after the medicine which had been so successfully used by Cartier ; but 
 the tree, which was called Auneda , was not now to be found. From this circum- 
 stance it was concluded that the tribe of Indians with which Cartier was acquainted 
 had been exterminated by their enemies. 
 
 “ In the summer of the year 1609, when the Hurons, Algonquins, and others, 
 were about to march against their common enemy, the Iroquois, Champlain very 
 readily joined them ; for he had a keen taste for adventures ; and he hoped, by a 
 conquest, to impress all the Indian tribes with strong ideas of the power of the 
 French, and to secure an alliance with them. He did not foresee that he should 
 force the Iroquois, who lived in what is now called the State of New York, to seek 
 the protection of the English and Dutch. He embarked on the river Sorel, which 
 was then called the Iroquois, because these savages usually descended by this stream 
 into Canada. At the Falls of Chambly he was stopped, and was obliged to send 
 back, his boat. Only two Frenchmen remained with him. He ascended with his 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 39 6 
 
 allies in the Indian canoes to the lake, to which he gave his own name, which it 
 retains to the present day. The savages whom he accompanied hoped to surpiise 
 the Iroquois in the villages, but they met them unexpectedly upon the lake. After 
 gaining the land, it was agreed to defer the battle till the next day, as the night was 
 now approaching. In the morning of 3°th July? Champlain placed a party with his 
 two Frenchmen in a neighboring wood, so as to come upon the enemy in flank. The 
 Iroquois, who were about two hundred in number, seeing but a handful of men, 
 were sure of victory. But as soon as the battle began, Champlain killed two of their 
 chiefs, who were conspicuous by their plumes, by the first discharge of his firelock, 
 loaded with four balls. The report and the execution of the fire-arms filled the 
 Iroquois with inexpressible consternation. They were quickly put to flight, and the 
 victorious allies returned to Quebec with fifty scalps. 
 
 “In September, 1609, Champlain embarked with Pontgrave for France, leaving 
 the colony under the care of a brave man, Peter Chauvin. But he was soon sent out 
 again to the New World. He sailed from Honfleur, April 8, 1610, and arrived at 
 Tadousac on the 26th. He encouraged the Montagnais Indians, who lived at this 
 place, to engage in a second expedition against the Iroquois. Accordingly, soon 
 after his arrival at Quebec, they sent him about sixty warriors. At the head of these 
 and others he proceeded up the river Sorel. The enemy were soon met, and after a 
 severe engagement, in which Champlain was wounded by an arrow, were entirely 
 defeated. He arrived at Quebec, from Montreal, June 19, and landed at Rochelle, 
 August 11. After the death of Henry IV. the interest of De Monts, in whose ser- 
 vice Champlain had been engaged, was entirely ruined, and the latter was obliged to 
 leave a settlement, which he was commencing at Mont Royal or Montreal, and to go 
 again to F ranee in 1611. Charles de Bourbon, being commissioned by the Queen 
 Regent Governor of New France, appointed Champlain his lieutenant, with very 
 extensive powers. He returned to Canada in 1612, was engaged in war with the 
 Iroquois, and made new discoveries. His voyages across the Atlantic were frequent. 
 He was continued Lieutenant-Governor under that distinguished nobleman, the 
 Prince of Conde and Montmorenci. In 1615, his zeal for the spiritual interests of 
 the Indians induced him to bring with him a number of Jesuit Fathers, some of whom 
 assisted him in his warfare. He penetrated to Lake Ontario, and, being wounded 
 while assisting the Hurons against their enemies, was obliged to pass a whole winter 
 among them. When he returned to Quebec in July, 1616, he was received as one 
 risen from the dead. In July, 1629, he was obliged to capitulate, on account of the 
 sparseness of his forces, and the exhausted state of his men through famine, to an 
 English armament under Sir David Kertk. He was carried to France in an English 
 ship, and there he found the public sentiment much divided with regard to Canada; 
 some thinking it was not worth regaining, as it had cost the Government vast sums 
 without bringing any returns; others deeming the fishery and fur trade great 
 national objects, especially as a nursery for seamen. Champlain exerted himself to 
 effect the recovery of this country, and Canada was restored by the treaty of St. 
 Germains, in 1632, with Acadia and Cape Breton. 
 
397 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 “ In 1633, the Company of New France resumed all their rights, and appointed 
 Champlain the Governor. In a short time he was at the head of a new armament,, 
 furnished with a fresh recruit of Jesuits, settlers, as well as all kinds of necessaries 
 for the welfare of the revived colony. His attention was now engrossed by the 
 spiritual interests of the savages, whom it was his principal object to bring to the 
 knowledge of the Christian religion. The number of ecclesiastical missionaries, 
 exclusive of lay brothers, was now fifteen, the chief of whom were Le Jeun6, De 
 None, Masse and Breboeuf. A mission was established among the Hurons; the 
 colony was gaining an accession of numbers and strength, and an attempt was just 
 commencing to establish a college in Quebec, when the Governor died, and was 
 succeeded the next year by De Montmagny. 
 
 “ Champlain merited the title of the father of New France. Though he was cre- 
 dulous, he possessed an uncommon share of penetration and energy. His views 
 were upright ; and in circumstances of difficulty, no man could make a better choice 
 of measures. He prosecuted his enterprises with constancy, and no dangers could 
 shake his firmness. His zeal for the interests of his country was ardent and disin- 
 terested ; his heart was tender and compassionate towards the unhappy; and he was 
 more attentive to the concerns of his friends than to his own. He wa< a faithful 
 historian, a voyager who observed everything with attention, skilful in geometry, and 
 an experienced seaman. He appears to have been fond of good cheer : for, in the 
 early part of his residence in Canada, he established with his associates an order, 
 
 1 De bon temps,’ which contributed not a little to the gratification of the palate. 
 By this order every one of the same table was in his turn to be steward and caterer 
 for a day. He was careful by hunting to make a suitable provision, and at supper, 
 when the cook had made everything ready, he marched at the head of the company 
 with a napkin over his shoulder, having also the staff of office, and wearing the collar 
 of his order, and was followed by his associates, each of whom bore a dish. At the 
 close of the banquet he pledged his successor in a bumper of wine, and resigned to 
 him the collar and staff. It may not be easy to justify Champlain in taking an 
 active part in the war against the Iroquois. It is even supposed by some, that 
 his love of adventures led him to arouse the spirit of the Hurons and to excite 
 them to war. His zeal for the propagation of religion among the savages was 
 so great, that he used to say ‘ that the salvation of one soul was of more value 
 than the conquest of an empire;’ and that 4 kings ought not to think of extend- 
 ing their authority over idolatrous nations, except for the purpose of subjecting 
 them to Jesus Christ.’ 
 
 “ He published an account of his first voyages in 1613, in 4to ; and a contin- 
 uation in 1620, in 8vo. He published an edition to these in 1632, in one volume, 
 entitled, Les voyages de la Nouvelle France , Occident ale, dite Canada , in 4to. This 
 work comprises a history of New France, from the first discoveries of Verazzani 
 to the year 1631. There is added to it a treatise on navigation, and on the duty of 
 a good mariner, with an abridgment of the Christian doctrines, in the Huron and 
 French languages.” 
 
39 ^ 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 M. H. SANBORN. 
 
 The subject of this sketch came from the Eastern Townships, where such a number 
 of our Montreal men have hailed from. He was a notary by profession, having been 
 admitted to practice in 1850. After five years of notarial work in the City, he 
 was appointed Deputy Sheriff in 1855, by the late Sheriff Boston, which position 
 he held to his death. He was a man of retiring disposition, a good Churchman 
 and one of the most constant attenders at the Diocesan Synod of Montreal, where 
 he was held in much esteem, and where his work and notarial lore made him a 
 valuable member in all things pertaining to the real estate of the Diocese. He pub- 
 lished a most useful book entitled, “ Hand Book for Sheriffs and Bailiffs of the Pro- 
 vince of Quebec.” He was the author of other pamphlets. Mr. Sanborn was a 
 great musician, and gave a good deal of time to the Sol Fa system, and the systems 
 which in his day were coming into vogue. After an honorable career, a stainless 
 life and a Christian course, he died universally lamented by both Bench and Bar and 
 a large circle of citizens. 
 
 HON. WILLIAM McGILLlVRAY. 
 
 This name is an important one in the annals of the Province as well as in its public 
 affairs. We find him in 1806 the head of the large firm of MacTavish, McGilhvray 
 & Co. At this time a fierce conflict was being carried on by the Fur Company 
 which they represented and Lord Selkirk, in regard to the possession of the Red 
 River District. At this time Lord Selkirk requested Sir Gordon Drummond, the 
 then Administrator of the Government, to send a small military force to protect the 
 Red River or Selkirk Colonists from the annoyances and persecutions of the North 
 West Company. It was refused, and greatly owing to McGillivray’s influence as a 
 member of the Executive Council of the Province. 
 
 Fort William, one of the chief posts, was called after him, and it became the 
 headquarters of the North West Company’s operations. It is supposed that here 
 the orders emanated which were carried out in 1815, of attacking the Colony of 
 Lord Selkirk. For this brutal and unwarrantable outbreak and attack Mr. McGilli- 
 vray, Kenneth Mackenzie and Simon Fraser were all put under arrest, August, 1816, 
 by Lord Selkirk, who had been invested with magisterial powers. They were 
 arraigned as responsible for the death of Governor Semple and the almost total de- 
 struction of the Red River Settlement the previous June. As this company was at 
 this time all powerful in Quebec, and the members of it almost completely controlled 
 the acts of the Government and the Governor in Council, the issue was at last in 
 favor of McGilhvray and his colleagues. The well-known Judge Reid had married the 
 sister of the subject of our sketch, and this mighty influence had something to do with 
 the final issue. In 1802, he received a grant of 11,550 acres of land in the township 
 of Inverness from the Governor, Sir R. S. Milnes. He will ever be remembered 
 as the Lieut.-Col. of the corps of Voyageurs who captured Detroit in the War 
 of 1812. The river in the North West also commemorates his name. After a most 
 romantic and interesting life he died in Montreal in the year 1825. 
 

 V^' 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 399 
 
 HON. TOUSSAINT A. R. LAFLAMME, D.C.L. 
 
 Toussaint Antoine Rodolphe Laflamme, Q.C., D.C.L. , was born in Montreal in 
 1828. His father, Toussaint Laflamme, a merchant of good standing in this city, was 
 of a family that originally came from Normandy, and his mother, Marguerite Suzanne 
 Thibaudeau, was descended from one of the banished Acadian families, and an 
 uncle of hers founded the town of Thibaudeauville in Louisiana, and became a member 
 of the United States Congress. Having completed his studies at Montreal College, he 
 entered on the study of Law in Mr. Drummond’s office, afterwards Judge of the 
 Court of Queen’s Bench. In those days the democratic ideas which were agitating 
 the world had penetrated even to the banks of the St. Lawrence, and in Montreal 
 they found adherents in a band of young men of talent, among whom were Messrs. 
 Papin, Laberge, Labreche, Viger, Eric Dorion, Wilfred Dorion, Gustave Papineau, 
 son of the Hon. L. J. Papineau, Casimir Papineau, M. Lanctot, Joseph Doutre, 
 Charles Daoust, etc., several of whom had come prominently before the country in 
 connection with the Institut Canadien and public meetings. To further their politi- 
 cal aspirations, which were considerably in advance of their time, they founded the 
 noted journal L Avenir, which, during its existence, demonstrated the talent and 
 fearlessness in handling political questions which our French-Canadian brethren are 
 capable of when not overpowered by ecclesiastical influences. Occupying a fore- 
 most place in this phalanx of young politicians, who then formed the vanguard of 
 the great Liberal party, stood Mr. Laflamme, who was elected President of the 
 Institut Canadien in 1847, when only nineteen years of age, and was one of the chief 
 editors of Z’ Avenir, and the writer of several of its most striking articles. Chimerical 
 as many of the aspirations expressed in that paper are said to have been, it is claimed 
 that most of the leading reforms advocated by it, such as the repeal of Seigniorial 
 rights, decentralization of the Judiciary and the Colonization project of 1848, have 
 been taken up and carried by the Conservatives, assisted in the latter item by the 
 clergy. Nevertheless, these young Reformers were looked on with no friendly eye 
 by the hierarchy and priesthood, who labored to prejudice the minds of the people 
 against them. 
 
 Mr. Laflamme was called to the Bar of Lower Canada in 1848, and at first 
 practised in partnership with the late Mr. Laberge. In a few years he acquired a 
 splendid practice, bringing him from four to five thousand pounds per annum. He 
 is said to be a born lawyer, thoroughly versed in all the details and all the depart- 
 ments of his profession. In some years he has had as many as four hundred cases 
 in the Superior Court alone. He is frequently charged with very important cases 
 before the Court of Appeals and the British Privy Council. Among other noted 
 cases he acted as counsel from 1857 to 1858 for the Seigneurs, who claimed their 
 indemnity in virtue of the Seigniorial Act, having opposed to him Mr. Doutre, coun- 
 sel for the Censitaires and a foeman worthy of his steel, the contest in this case be- 
 ing afterwards prolonged in the press. Mr. Laflamme was created a Queen’s Coun- 
 
400 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 sei in ,86, and in 1865 acted along with Messrs. Abbott and Kerr for the defence 
 n the trial’of the St. Albans Haiders. He was at one time Professor of the Law of 
 Real Estate in McGill College, from which he rece.ved tne degree of B.C.L. in 
 o I TL of DC L in 187, He was twice elected Batonmer for the Bar of 
 Montreal He was offered a Judgeship in ihe Supreme Court i. .8,5. bu. declined 
 r Although unceasingly sealous in .he service of the Liberal parry by tongue and 
 I, he dw no. seek Parliamen.ary honors .ill .he General Elections of r8,i, when 
 he was elected representative in the House of Commons for Jacques Cartier Coun y, 
 bei„.y re-elected by acclamation for the same constituency in 1874, and in 1876 he 
 wa sworn in member of the Privy Council as the Minister of Inland Revenue. On 
 he 8th of June succeeding he became Minister of Justice, and m this capacity intro- 
 dimed many wholesome measures which have since become law For years past he 
 has given up all politics and attended to the increasing duties of his profession. 
 
 WILLIAM WAIN WRIGHT, 
 
 Assistant Manager Grand Trunk Railway, Montreal, like not a few of the prom- 
 fnen Xay men of North America, is a native of England. He was born in a 
 City which from its situation and industrial and commercial importance could not 
 fail to be closely associated with whatever was most enterprising in the British rail- 
 way movement of from forty to fifty years ago. It was not surprising that a young 
 min of ability and ambition should be early attracted to a branch of business which 
 ” d prizes for those who could win them. Mr. Wainwright, born on the 3°th Aprd 
 sl was not quite eighteen when he entered the service m January 1858. He 
 applied himself diligently to the tasks assigned him, and that he succeeded in master- 
 ing them in all their details was shown by the successive steps of P r ° m ° U0 " ° f 
 whichTe was deemed worthy by his superiors. He began as junior clerk n the 
 chief accountant’s office, but in due time rose to the positions of senior clerk, secre- 
 \ ’ctnnt General Manager and General Manager of the road with which h 
 
 ,a; *»<* 
 
 which traverses a most important portion of Central England. In 1862, i r. am 
 wStTame to Canada, aid obtained a position on the Grand Trunk, hor a year 
 he served as senior clerk in the Accountant’s office. Then he was appointed Secre- 
 tary to the Managing Director, and in that capacity he continued for three ;yea . 
 We next find him filling the office of Senior Clerk in the Managing D.rectoi s Dep 
 ment and taking charge of the car mileage. Thus passed six years more, and then 
 Mr. Wainwright became General Passenger Agent. As such he was wide y kno 
 and gave general satisfaction as well to his colleagues and superiors as to he public 
 tl at lnd dealings with him. He remained in that position for upwards of eight 
 • years until in May, 1881, he received the appointment of Assistant-Manager, 
 duties of which he still so ably discharges. Mr. Wainwright was also General-Man- 
 ager of the North Shore Railway from April, 1883, until the transier o na 
 the Canadian Pacific Railway. Mr. Wainwright is highly esteemed in private Me, 
 being as agreeable in social intercourse as he is assiduous and conscientious in 
 discharge of his official duties. 
 
damask parizeau, m.p.p. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 401 
 
 DAMASE PARIZEAU. 
 
 La Chambre de Commerce du District de Montreal” is presided over by a 
 man well-known in the city. The first of his name came to Canada with the regi- 
 ment of Carignan, and established himselfafter it was disbanded. One of its members 
 fought at Chateauguay, and received until he died the pension due to the old 
 patriotic soldiers of 1812—13. Mr. Parizeau received from his village school a very 
 moderate education. When eighteen years of age he was as good a carpenter as 
 any old workman, but workmanship did not suit him. He then went with the 
 Messrs. Henderson. Three years after he was their head clerk. Experience and 
 savings helping him, he started business with Mr. Prefontaine, which business he now 
 manages alone. 
 
 Mr. Parizeau did not spend his activity on trade only. Having been obliged for 
 his health to leave the city, he chose Boucherville for his home. There he spends his 
 time in the enjoyment of a fine farm, and for the last three years Mr. Parizeau has 
 been at the head of the progressing agriculturists of the County of Chambly. 
 
 A few years ago, La Chambre de Commerce was created. The idea was new, 
 modest were the first actions, but the best French Canadian financiers were at the head 
 and the success was sure. The young Board of Trade had great results in many diffi- 
 culties, but its efforts were perceived by business men in general. Mr. Parizeau has 
 been one of the most active founders of the institution. His zeal and activity gave him 
 a good mark on different occasions, when two years ago the Board elected him as 
 President. From this time he never has ceased to give to this Board the attention 
 which he gives to everything. 
 
 By the Annual Report of the Institution it seems that he gave his special atten- 
 tion to two questions, the South Shore Railway and the improvement of the Harbor, 
 Under his inspiration the Board has made many appeals to the Government in favor 
 of the South Shore so long neglected, and the time is not far off when we shall have 
 a beautiful railroad from Montreal to Levis. As for harbor ameliorations La 
 Chambre de Commerce seems to be against it; not that these gentlemen do not wish 
 the progress of the city, but they would not like the other side to suffer from the pro- 
 gress of this side. 
 
 Mr. Parizeau is now fifty years of age. He has been put up as an Independent 
 Liberal in the great contest of the eighth of March next, to run opposition to the 
 present member, Alderman Rainville. That day will decide who wins. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 40 2 
 
 ARCHIBALD HALL, M.D. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was one of the best known physicians of Montreal in his 
 day. He was born about the time of the second American War of 1812, and his 
 name runs on through the decades to 1862. He was at one time a distinguished 
 Professor in McGill Medical School, but had a great love for Zoology and its atten- 
 dant branches. He gained the silver medal of the Historical Society of Montreal for 
 his Essay on “ The Zoology of the District of Montreal.” For a longtime he edited 
 The British American Journal of M edical and Physical Science which he founded 
 in 1845. He also wrote “ Letters on Medical Education,” and a biography of the 
 late Dr. Holmes. After a busy life he died some years ago universally lamented by 
 all classes, and especially by his brother professors of McGill and the then medical 
 students, who all loved Dr. Hall. 
 
 CHARLES ANDRE LEBLANC, Q.C. 
 
 Charles Andre Leblanc, late Sheriff for the District of Montreal, was born in 
 Montreal on the 18th August, 1816. Besides the office of Sheriff, he held many 
 positions of high honor during his long and eventful life. We will merely mention 
 the principal. In June, 1867, he was appointed a Queen’s Counsel, and in Novem- 
 ber, 1872, was elevated to the post which he held at his death — that of Sheriff. For 
 twelve years he was a member of the Council of the Bar, which in 1863 elected him 
 as its Batonnier. Sheriff Leblanc was, on behalf of the then Government, Director 
 of the Northern Colonization Railway, and also President of the Reformatory Insti- 
 tution, to which, in conjunction with Mr. Olivier Berthelet, he gave a great deal of 
 his time. He also was for two years the President of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, 
 and belonged to the Council of Public Instruction for the Province of Quebec, of 
 which he was an active member. 
 
 If we turn to his early days we find that he was educated at the Montreal Col- 
 lege in College street, the only educational institution at that time, and which was 
 under the direction of the Sulpicians, the Directors during his time being successfully 
 R. R. Messrs. Quiblier and Bayle. On leaving College he studied Law for five 
 years under Pierre Moreau, Q.C., who took him as a partner when he was called to 
 the Bar in 1838. The late Francis Cassidy, Esq., Q.C., who studied Law in the 
 firm of Moreau & Leblanc, became the latter’s partner, and remained so for twenty- 
 five years. In 1837, as a -^il de la Liberty he became implicated and was incar 
 cerated during five months in the Montreal Gaol, — that gaol which as Sheriff he 
 had entire jurisdiction over. Of his comrades at College we mention the names of 
 Sir Geo. E. Cartier, Judges Berthelot, Beaudry, Mgr. Bacon, Bishop of Portland, 
 Messrs. Rouer Roy, de Boucherville, and many other Canadian celebrities. He 
 was the Grand Marshal of the St. Jean Baptiste Society for the long period of eigh- 
 teen years. He was also the Attorney of the Jacques Cartier Bank from its com- 
 mencement until his elevation to the office of Sheriff. He was one of the Directors 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 403 
 
 of the London and Lancashire Life Insurance Company, and a churchwarden of the 
 Parish Church of Notre Dame, and it is a remarkable fact, showing the high estimation 
 in which Mr. Leblanc was held by the gentlemen of the Seminary, that he was the first 
 advocate that ever held the appointment He died some years ago, much lamented, 
 and was succeeded by the Honorable P. J. O. Chauveau, LL.D., who also died not 
 long ago, and has been succeeded by our present Sheriff, Hon. Senator Thibaudeau. 
 
 YVe will describe the Court House in connection with the Sheriff's Office. The 
 Court House was built in r8co, under a Provincial Statute, by which the sum of 
 ^5,000 was appropriated for its erection. The ground upon which it stands was 
 formerly the property of the Jesuits. It contains the Court Hall, Court of Quarter 
 Sessions, Prothonotary’s Office, offices of Clerk of the Crown, Judges’ Chambers, 
 Grand Jury Room, Petty Jury Room, the Magistrates’ Room, Law Library and 
 Advocates’ Library, and Superior and Circuit Court Rooms, etc. Great alterations 
 are now being made in its structure. A third storey has been added, a Rotunda for 
 the Library, and very many essential improvements, and which will render it the finest 
 Court House in the Dominion. 
 
 The Taylors have long been connected with Montreal both as business men and well- 
 known citizens. One of them died a few days ago. The subject of this sketch was, 
 perhaps, the most important. They were for years connected with various Insurance 
 Companies, Marine, Life and Fire, and did an immense business. Mr. Taylor, 
 November, 1891, writing from London, Kngland, to the Author of these sketches, 
 says : “ There might be some justification on the score of my being now one of the 
 older men of Montreal.” He has had a rather public life for many years. He is now 
 the oldest living Governor of the Montreal General Hospital, by appointment, and 
 always had a great deal to do with the Home for Friendless Women. Perhaps no 
 man like Mr. Taylor can say that he has lived in the same house for upwards of forty 
 years. He is still active and energetic, and may be spared for years yet in his labor 
 of love and good deeds to the unfortunate. His sons are in honorable positions. 
 One son is a Captain in the British Army, the other is well known as a Barrister of 
 Montreal, and one of the rising young lawyers of the Bar of the Province of Quebec. 
 
 He was a native of Worcester, Mass., U.S.A., and a printer by trade. In 1807, he 
 began the publication of a newspaper called the Canadian Courant , perhaps the first 
 purely English paper published in Canada. The two Gazettes of Quebec and Mon- 
 treal, like their official namesake of to-day, were printed in two columns, one English, 
 the other French. The paper flourished for many years, as we find 6th June, 1829, 
 it is published twice a week, and the issue of that date has an address to its readers 
 from Mr. Mower when he retired from its management. His daughter married Mr.. 
 Perkins, who had two sons. The eldest was a lawyer of this city, and died some ycais. 
 ago ; the other is in the Agency business. 
 
 THOMAS M. TAYLOR. 
 
 NAIIUM MOWER. 
 
4 ° 4 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 MLLE. MANCE AND HOTEL DIEU. 
 
 In May, 1642, the little company of French adventurers arrived at Hochelaga and 
 commenced Montreal at a place to which they gave the name of “ Pointe a Callieres.” 
 She whose name stands at the head of this sketch was one of them with “ quatre 
 ou cinq filles amenees pour aider Mile. Mance,” as we find in “ Annales de l’Hotel 
 Dieu.” This intrepid lady had come to Canada to found this Institution. For years 
 she had none to help her but the devoted sisters who had come from sunny France 
 to an unknown land, and in 1658 she went back to France to procure assistance. 
 Mine, de Bullion, the widow of an old State Minister, gave her 22,000 livres to found 
 her hospital at Montreal. Many others rendered her much assistance in means and 
 money, so that she returned to Montreal with quite a large sum for the hospital, 
 but better still with three Sisters of St. Joseph. On the voyage out, and in those 
 olden days the time occupied was not days but weeks and sometimes months, a 
 serious pestilence broke cut among the troops on board, and the good Sisteis had 
 then an opportunity of displaying their zeal and charity, which they did so effectually 
 in ministering to the helpless soldiers that many were saved and the disease 
 stamped out. 
 
 In November, -1669, three other Sisters arrived from France. Mine, de Bresoles 
 was then appointed Superioress, but it was long before the building was fit and com- 
 fortable to dwell in. Often have the Sisters in the winter time when they awoke in 
 the morning found their beds covered with snow, yet they plodded on in their good 
 work, which was at last rewarded. In August, 1662, Sister Marie Morin entered the 
 Hotel Dieu as a novice at the early age of thirteen and a half years. She is the very 
 first Canadian Sister who made her vows in Montreal. Like Anna the Prophetess of 
 Jerusalem’s Temple of old, she served God day and night till she died at the 
 advanced age of eighty-two years. 
 
 In 1694, the hospital was burned. It was again burned 19th June, 1721. In 
 November, 1824, the Sisters re-entered their home, but again for the third time, in 
 1734, the building was burned to the ground. It was again rebuilt, and at the time 
 of the great fire of the Grey Nunnery of 1765 the Hotel Dieu could offer an asylum 
 to the Sceurs Grises. In 179s, it was determined to propagate the Roman Catholic 
 faith in the newly-made thirteen States of America. A Mr. lhayer, once a 1 rotes- 
 tant Minister, now converted to the Roman Catholic Church, was the founder of an 
 association for this purpose. The Revolution in France at the close of the last 
 century deprived the Hotel Dieu of a large part of its revenues, but in 1815 a good 
 priest, Rev. J. B. Thavenet, went to France to try and collect the scattered revenues 
 unpaid now for nearly twenty years. He succeeded, and all the Canadian Institutions 
 benefitted by his pious endeavors. 
 
 In 1852, the Sisters acquired the large and handsome building which had been 
 a Baptist College, and gave it the name of St. Patrick’s Hospital. 
 
 After some years, they purchased the large tract on Fletcher’s Field where the 
 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 405 
 
 immense buildings of the Hotel Dieu are now built, and could the first Sisters only 
 see the result of their patient work 250 years ago, when Ville Marie — Mariopolis — or 
 Montreal was founded then, by these intrepid Frenchmen and Frenchwomen, they 
 could hardly believe that their eyes were looking on the buildings of as grand an 
 Institution as is found on the Continent of America, where pain and sickness, sorrow 
 and woe, are either moderated or entirely removed by as skilful a body of Physicians 
 and patient nursing Sisters as found anywhere. 
 
 MARGUERITE BOURGEOIS. 
 
 This celebrated lady was born in 1620 in the town of Troyes, France, celebrated 
 for giving name to Troy weight. It is one of the principal towns of that department 
 of France called Champagne, hence the well-known wine of that name. She early 
 evinced a religious life, and when quite a young girl joined an institution of young 
 persons, who without contracting any conscientious engagement, nevertheless gave 
 themselves up to devotion by the good works which it did in common. She early 
 felt herself called to found a new institution which would devote itself to the educa- 
 tion of the young. When DeMaisonneuve, in 1653, returned to France, he passed 
 some time in the town of Troyes. Marguerite then dedicated herself to God and 
 determined to go with him to Montreal, quitting her native country with a courage 
 rarely seen, and a confidence in the Divine guidance of the Spirit of God. After 
 many trials she arrived in Montreal on the 16th November, 1653, and there displayed 
 the ardor of a heroine and the charity of an apostle. Montreal then consisted of 
 about fifty houses, and there were not many children to form a school. La Soeur 
 Bourgeois’ first scholars were Jeanne Loysel, who was four and a-half years old, and 
 Jean Desroches. These children were among the first if not the first born in Mon- 
 treal in 1649. 
 
 In 1657, she had a school now, but it was in a stable, so poor was the colony. 
 In 1658 she returned to France to collect money and other requirements, and from 
 Troyes she brought four young women, and when she arrived in Montreal with them 
 she founded the Congregation of Notre Dame. In 1666, their establishment having 
 prospered, they opened a school for little girls of the poorer class. These good and 
 pious ladies not only worked incessantly among the people, but with their own hands 
 helped the masons in the building of the Bonsecours Church, which is now the 
 oldest edifice of worship in Montreal. She employed the last years of her eventful 
 life in making her establishment rest on a firm and legal foundation. In 1671, she 
 had obtained Letters Patent from Louis XIV, and in successive years the property of 
 the Sisters was secured from all annoyance. 
 
 On the 1 st December, 1683, the whole establishment was burned to the ground. 
 Trusting in God, the heroic Sister began to rebuild “ with only forty sols,” but dona- 
 tions soon poured in to help her, and above all she received the aid and help of 
 Mile. Jeanne LeBer, a rich girl of Canada of seventeen years old, who with the consent 
 of her father determined to abandon the world and live the life of a recluse. This 
 example brought others. 
 
40 6 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Her valiant 
 
 In 1698, the third Superioress was la Sceur Marguerite LeMoyne. 
 
 brothers were Iberville, Bienville, Chateauguay, etc. 
 
 In 1768, a second fire obliged the Sisters to seek the hospitality of the Hotel 
 Dieu The convent was reconstructed to receive the Sisters once more In 1844, 
 it was thoroughly reconstructed and is now one of the finest educational establish- 
 ments in Canada, though situated in the very heart of the city. 
 
 J. CRANKSHAW. 
 
 “The profession of the Law is one, the importance of which can not be over _rated, 
 and in this work, where the commercial and industrial enterprises of the Cn> of Mon- 
 1 real are described, the Local Bar comes within its scope. Among members of this 
 profession, Mr. J. Crankshaw deserves a passing tribute. 1 his popular barrister 
 beean practice in 1883, which has steadily increased, having during the intervening 
 SCb... hta a very extensive and influential clientele. Mr. Crankshaw 
 Ls always taken a high stand in hi. profession, and has had many years' expertenc 
 in this country as well as in England, where for many years he was manager for 
 Law firm in Manchester, thus fitting him for conducting all the details in Law. 
 During his professional career in this city he has successfully handled many difficult 
 cases, and his advice on all legal matters is widely recognized as an anthonty, clients 
 visiting him from various parts of the Province. He has at all times identified himself 
 tvbh the best interests of the city, and has for many years been a Commissioner fo 
 Ontario. He was admitted to the Bar of Quebec in 1883, and has ever since kept 
 
 up with the times.” 
 
 REV. ROBERT LINDSAY, M.A., 
 
 Was born in London, England. Studied at Lennoxville College, and graduated 
 thence with much success. He was ordained Deacon in .850 by .he 'Bishop of 
 Quebec, and next year Priest by the new Metropolitan, the late Bishop Fu ford, 5 • 
 Mr I indsay bad only two parishes, that of Brome as Incumbent for the long perio 
 of SSe years, and Rector of St. Thomas, Montreal, till he died last year, after 
 an incumbency of over sixteen years. He will ever be remembered m connect, o 
 with the charities and works of mercy in this city. He devoted a great deal of 
 time to these things, and no Committee of any general character was ever made up 
 without him. He was Rural Dean for years, and performed the duties of h.s office 
 thoroughly and well. Elected almost continually both on the Executive Committee 
 of T Di«ese, and a, a Delega.e ,o «he Provincial Triennial Synod he always was 
 ready lo advocate everything needful to the advancement of the Church genera J. 
 10 which he belonged. He was cut off in the midst of many schemes 
 usefulness, and it is to be hoped .hat his mantle will fall on some other as able 
 
 shoulders. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 407 
 
 ROLLO CAMPBELL 
 
 Was born at Dunning, Perthshire, Scotland, 17th December, 1803. He began 
 business in Greenock. During his printing career in Greenock, lie published and 
 •edited several small weekly sheets. In May, 1822, Mr. Campbell came to Canada 
 and settled in Montreal, obtaining employment in the Courant office. He soon after 
 entered the Gazette office, where he remained till 1834, when he proceeded to New 
 York and purchased the plant for a new daily journal called the Morning Courier , 
 published by a Mr. Smith, and in which office he occupied the position of Manager. 
 This paper was the second daily journal now published in Montreal. In 1836 he 
 relinquished this position to commence the printing business in conjunction with Mr. 
 Becket, under the name of Campbell & Becket, and for himself afterwards Mr. 
 •Campbell continued the business. From about 1844 to 1847, l ie published the 
 Canada Baptist Register , a weekly paper, its editors during that period being the 
 late Dr. Benjamin Davis (of Regent’s Park, London), and the Rev. D. M. Cramp, of 
 Halifax, N.S. In 1848, Mr. Campbell published the Colonial Protestant , a monthly 
 periodical, edited by the Rev. Drs. Taylor and Cramp. The Colonial Protestant 
 was only issued one year, and the Register ceased publication in 1847. From this 
 time till 1849, Mr. Campbell confined himself to general printing, and having obtained 
 a considerable Government contract was more or less drawn into political life. In 
 1849, h e purchased the Pilot from Sir Francis Hincks, and we believe had actually 
 become the proprietor of that journal when, owing to the riots attendant on the 
 Rebellion Losses Bill, and the feeling against Sir Francis running so high, the office 
 avas attacked by a mob and damaged to a very considerable extent. It was then situated 
 on Place D’Armes. During all the eleven years of its appearance it was the recog- 
 nized organ of the Reform party, and its proprietor, Mr. Campbell, exercised as 
 much, if not more, power with the Government than any other man in Canada. From 
 1849 till i860, Mr. Campbell carried on, with one exception perhaps, the most exten- 
 sive printing business in Canada, having, in addition to his Montreal office, large 
 offices in Toronto and Quebec, where he carried out his Government contracts. In 
 1862, owing to pecuniary embarrassments, the Pi/ot was discontinued, and Mr. 
 Campbell retired from business. Previously, he had been elected to represent St. 
 Lawrence Ward in the City Council, and was subsequently re-elected upon several 
 occasions by large majorities. 
 
 Mr. Campbell was appointed to an office in Her Majesty’s Customs which he 
 continued to fill till his death, which occurred after a long illness on the 2nd of 
 January, 1871, in the sixty -seventh year of his age. 
 
 L’ABBE ROUX. 
 
 One of the gentlemanly members of the Seminary of St. Sulpice, Montreal. He was 
 .a thorough theologian and distinguished jurist. He wrote “ Traite des Notes de 
 l’Eglise,” a work upon “ L’amovibilit6 ’ of the Cures in Canada. His work was 
 well received and merited the approbation of Bishop Lartigue. After a long life he 
 •died many years ago. 
 
408 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 FRANCIS WAYLAND CAMPBELL, M D., 
 
 Son of Rollo Campbell, was born in Montreal on the 5th of November, 1837. In 
 1851, when fourteen years of age, he issued the first number of a monthly temperance 
 publication called the Life Boat, which for the year continued under his care, when 
 it was transferred to a firm in Montreal, who continued its publication for several 
 years. Afterwards he became a pupil of the late Dr. James Crawford, and a student 
 of McGill University. He graduated in i860. He shortly after proceeded to 
 Europe and spent a considerable time in London, Dublin, Edinburgh, and Glasgow. 
 In June, 1861, he passed most successfully an examination before the Royal College 
 of Physicians of London. About the same time he was also elected a member of the 
 Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh and of the Microscopic Club. In October, 
 1861, he married Miss Rodger, of Greenock, Scotland, and in November of same 
 year returned to Canada and began the practice of his profession. The late Dr. 
 Hall, who was publishing the British American Journal, at once offered him the 
 editorship of “ The Hospital Report Department,” which he accepted, and till 1864, 
 when it ceased publication, he continued to edit this department, rite profession 
 at this time felt much the loss of this journal, and Messrs. Dawson Bros, were induced 
 to commence the publication of the Canada Medical Journal, when Dr. Campbell 
 joined Dr. Fenwick in its editorial management, and he continued in this position 
 till 1872, when Dr. Campbell having joined the Medical Faculty of Bishop’s College, 
 Dr. Fenwick declined to longer continue associated with him. The result was the 
 stoppage of the Canada Medical Journal. Dr. Fenwick having determined upon 
 issuing a medical journal under his own control, Dr. Campbell at once determined 
 to contest the field, and immediately issued the Canada Medical Record, which is 
 still published under his sole editorial management, and of which he is proprietor. 
 Besides his editorial duties, Dr. Campbell has contributed about thirty papers upon 
 various medical subjects to medical journals during the past twelve years. In 1872, 
 Dr. Campbell joined with Drs. David, Smallwood, Hingston and Trenholme, in 
 organizing the present Medical Faculty of Bishop’s College. He was appointed Pro- 
 fessor of Physiology, and elected by the Faculty their Registrar. He joined the 
 Volunteers in 1854, and in i860, on his graduation, was appointed Assistant Surgeon 
 of the First Battalion Volunteer Rifles of Canada (now the First Battalion or Prince 
 of Wales Rifles). In this capacity he served with his Regiment on the Eastern 
 frontier (Hemmingford and Durham) during the Fenian raid of 1866. In the fall of 
 that year he was promoted to the Surgeoncy of the Regiment, and again during the 
 brief Fenian raid of 1870 served with his Regiment on the Eastern frontier at Pigeon 
 Hill, St. Armands and St. Johns. He is still actively engaged in the duties of his 
 profession, and one of the oldest as well as the most prominent physicians of our 
 Metropolis. 
 
MICHKL LHKKBVRE, J I‘. 
 
409 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 MICHEL LEKEBVRE, J.P, 
 
 I he subject of this sketch was born at La R.ivi£re du Loup en Haut, Louisville, 
 Maskinonge County, Quebec, on the 28th June, 1827. His father, of the same name, 
 was a farmer of that place. He left his native place in search of fortune in 1840, 
 and in that year arrived in Montreal when only thirteen years of age, and then, like 
 many men both in Montreal and other Canadian cities, had no money. He was 
 employed for the next nine years in two situations only, and quite a young man, in 
 1849 commenced business on his own account, manufacturing extensively till 1867, 
 syrups, beer, vermicelli, macaroni, etc., and receiving first-class prizes for each of 
 these articles at the Montreal Industrial Exhibition, 1865. On account of bad health, 
 in 1867 he made a tour of Europe, and on his return gave up business, and bought 
 the beautiful seigniory, known by the name of “de Lanaudiere,” in St. Ursule, where 
 he quietly resided enjoying his well-earned fortune. In 1873, he returned to Mon- 
 treal. In 1874, he established Vinegar Works, one of the largest manufactories of 
 that commodity in the Dominion, and capable of making 200,000 gallons per annum. 
 He is also a great manufacturer of all kinds of syrups and jams. Perhaps no man in 
 Canada goes more extensively into these things than Mr. Lefebvre, and his conserves, 
 vinegar and syrups are found all over the Dominion. Mr. Lefebvre’s travels and 
 reminiscences of the Holy Land would fill a large volume. He is one of those men 
 who travel with their eyes and wits about them, and who can give a good account 
 of what they have seen and heard. 
 
 Mr. Lefebvre was Mayor of Cote St. Louis Municipality, having been three 
 times elected to that position, a Justice of the Peace for the District of Montreal, 
 and Director for Cote St. Louis of the Northern Colonization Railway, and has lent 
 his influence to many works for the future development of the City of Montreal. 
 Let me give from a recent publication a description of Mr. Lefebvre’s establish- 
 ment : 
 
 <c I heir present premises on Papineau Road prove that the enterprise of the 
 partners has received a due measure of reward. An idea of the size of these build- 
 ings may be gained when it is said that the main building is two hundred feet long 
 and sixty feet deep, built of solid brick, and four stories high. This structure is 
 occupied by the offices, warehouse and jam factory. The other buildings are as 
 follows : vinegar woiks two stories high, 50 x 80 feet; pickle works of the same size ; 
 salt house 120 x 60 feet. Besides these erections there are shops for the coopers, 
 blacksmiths and carpenters, as well as dwellings for the foreman and watchman, etc. 
 As may be judged from the above the amount of business done is considerable, the 
 firm giving constant employment to some eighty skilled assistants, besides some one 
 hundred and fifty additional hands in the summer season. Messrs. Michel Lefebvre 
 & Co. manufacture the finest kinds of vinegar, pickles, jams, jellies and preserves. 
 These goods are known as the “Lion * L’ Brand,” and that they are of the best 
 quality is proved by the fact that they have received gold, silver and bronze medals,. 
 
 
4io 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 besides twenty first prizes at various expositions. Heretofore the best makes of jams, 
 etc., were imported from Europe, but now the consumers are able to purchase 
 •domestic goods of a quality equal to the best imported. Messrs. Michel Lefebvre 
 & Co/s products have become known throughout the length and breadth of the 
 country, customers from Newfoundland to British Columbia acknowledging the 
 superior quality of their goods.” 
 
 JOSEPH PAPINEAU., HON. L. J. PAPINEAU, AND LOUIS JOS. A. PAPINEAU- 
 
 L. J. Papineau may well be called u The O’Connell of Lower Canada. His 
 •political career, generally, was contemporaneous with the greatest Iiish liberator. 
 He played, perhaps, the most important part in the history of Lower Canada, during 
 his long career. Thus nearly sixty years ago he held a high and important position, 
 and as Speaker could, with the oratory of his tongue, sway the House before him. 
 No man of any nationality was as eloquent as he — his genius and oratory were 
 unsurpassed, and the name of Louis Joseph Papineau will ever remain in Canadian 
 Parliamentary History as the “ Demosthenes of Canada. 
 
 Mr. Papineau was born in Montreal, 7th October, 1786. His father, the well 
 known Notary of his day and a very distinguished man, was called Joseph 1 apineau- 
 Joseph Papineau was one of the principal promoters of the Constitution of 1791? 
 ■and was elected to the first Parliament that Canada enjoyed after tjie Military and 
 Arbitrary Governments that followed the Cession, and remained with bedard, the 
 leader for many years in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, wherein he displayed 
 much tact and ability, great eloquence, and, more than anything else, an unfaltering 
 attachment to the Crown, as well as to the liberties of Parliament and of the countiy. 
 He retired from the Leadership of the Liberal Parly in Parliament when his illus- 
 trious son replaced him there. In the summer of 1838, they met for the last time at 
 Saratoga, to bid each other a final adieu — the son starting for F ranee, the lather 
 returning heart-broken to his native land, where he died July 8th, 1841, aged ninety. 
 
 The Hon. L. J. Papineau was educated chiefly at the Seminary of Quebec, and 
 having studied the course of Law prescribed was admitted to the Bar ot Lower Canada 
 •in 1811. So brilliant were his prospects and his talents even before this, that in 
 1809, and when still a student, he was elected to the Assembly for the County of 
 Kent, now Chambly, and in 1815 the high honor was given him of being appointed 
 Speaker. This office Mr. Papineau held with only two years’ intermission— during his 
 mission to England as delegate of the Assembly in 1822-23 for the long period of 
 •twenty years, or until the year 1837, the year of the unfortunate troubles, when he 
 threw himself heartily into what he considered the right and lawful course of action 
 — to gain that which the present generation enjoys, through his and his confreres 
 •endeavors then — Responsible Government and all the liberties of the British Consti- 
 tution which had so long been denied in practice. In 1820, when Lord Dalhousie 
 became Governor, he appointed Mr. Papineau to a seat in the Executive Council, 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 4II 
 
 but this post was soon declined by him, when he found it a vain honor without the 
 influence this Council should have had on the determinations of the Governor. In 
 1822, the Union of Upper and Lower Canada having been upon the tapis , and the 
 subject being distasteful to many, Messrs. Papineau and John Neilson went to Eng- 
 land, and were successful in getting the Union postponed for the next two years. 
 In 1827, unfortunate difficulties arose between the Governor and Mr. Papineau, and 
 to such a height did they reach that the former refused to acknowledge Mr. Papineau 
 as Speaker, though duly elected to that high ofiice by a large majority of the Assembly. 
 I he Assembly triumphed, and Lord Dalhousie had to resign his office as Governor, 
 after having in a pet dissolved the Assembly. He was succeeded by Sir James 
 Kempt, who, after the next elections, duly accepted Mr. Papineau as the Speaker 
 again appointed, and giving him perhaps one of the greatest triumphs ever achieved 
 by any person in the political arena of any country. Political troubles grew worse 
 as years rolled on, and in 1836 they culminated in the events of that and the next 
 two years, which for the time threw Canada into a state of turmoil and anxiety, now 
 happily all passed away, leaving only the fruits so bravely and indomitably sought 
 for, constitutional government and unbiased representation. 
 
 I he so-called leaders of the disturbances having had rewards of apprehension 
 placed on their heads, Mr. Papineau as one fled to the United States, where he 
 resided from 1837 to J ^ 39 * He then removed to Paris, France, where he lived till 
 1847, when the issue of the amnesty proclamation enabled him to return to his 
 native land. His aged father had passed away when his son was in exile in 1840, 
 and many of the old familiar faces had, too, gone to that “ country from whose 
 bourne no traveller returns.” 
 
 But Mr. Papineau, ever energetic and possessed of an indomitable courage, 
 again entered Parliament, and was continued there until 1854. At this period, how- 
 ever, for various reasons he retired into private life, and for the next seventeen years 
 enjoyed the calm of a green and sturdy old age, the love of books and horticultuie, 
 and the personal esteem of those who best knew his character. His death took place 
 on Saturday, the 23rd September, 1871, at his residence at Monte-Bello, and at the 
 patriarchal age ot' eighty-five. 
 
 Louis Joseph Amedee Papineau, grandson of Joseph Papineau, and eldest and 
 only surviving son of Hon, Louis Joseph Papineau, was born at Montreal, on 26th 
 July, 1819. A pupil of the Waller and Ksson Schools, and of l’Abbe Duchene, he 
 entered the College of Montreal in 1829, and completed his course of Philosophy at 
 the College of St. Hyacinthe. At the latter, he wrote the legend of “ Chateau Bigot,” 
 and published it in L' Echo du Pays of St. Charles : so often amplified since by other 
 writers. In 1835, he began the study of Law with a notary, Trudeau, and an advocate, 
 Philippe Bruneau — both relatives. Organized several Societes Litteraire in and out 
 of the Colleges. But the Political Crisis soon absorbed all his attention. He wrote 
 frequently in La Minerve and The Vindicator. He followed his father in that 
 momentous campaign of protestation and revendication all over the Province, from 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 412 
 
 May to November, 1837. Full of the study of the American Revolution, in Jeffer- 
 son, Paine, Randolph, Marshall, and Patrick Henry, he remembered what the Sons of 
 Liberty had done in New England, and he founded, with his friends, Les Fils de la 
 Libert e. After the defeat of the Patriots, he took refuge in the United States, 
 after passing the ordeal of the guards at Stanstead Plain, whom he skilfully deceived 
 after an imprisonment of a few hours. They took him for an idiot emigrant, after 
 he had allayed their suspicions that he was a rebel messenger. He joined his father 
 two weeks later, at the first Convention at Middlebury, and returned with him to 
 Saratoga, where he was for three years studying Law as an adopted son of t le 
 Chancellor and of the Supreme Judge Cowen of the State. A special and gratui- 
 tous Act of the Legislature of New York admitted him to the profession, although 
 he was an alien. Introduced by his patrons to one of the first law firms of the City 
 of New York, Tillon & Cutting, he practised there for a couple of years, and then 
 visited his father and exiled family in Paris. In 1843. returned to Canada. Was 
 appointed Census Commissioner for the City and Island of Montreal. On the 4 th 
 of July, 1844, on the death of Mr. Morrogh, he was appointed Prothonotary of the 
 Queen’s Bench, with Messrs. Monk & Coffin ; and of the Superior Court, when it 
 took that title for the civil side of the Queen’s Bench. He remained Prothonotary 
 for thirty-two years, and then resigned to travel in Europe with his family. He did 
 not return until 1881, when he settled at the Manor of Monte-Bello, inherited in 
 1871 from his father. He there cultivates the fine arts, books, and garden, and 
 occasionally fires a shot at tyranny and abuses when the trumpet sounds the alarm. 
 His motto and watchword \%— Libert as, Patria, Humanitas, and he ardently hopes 
 for the independence and glory of his native land in a near future, and, like Saint 
 Simeon of old, if accomplished, then he shall die in peace. 
 
 REV. CANON ELLEGOOD, M A, 
 
 The subject of this short sketch is one of the oldest Episcopal Clergy m Montrea.. 
 Jacob Ellegood was born in New Brunswick and educated at the well-known College 
 of that Province, “ King’s College,” situated in Fredericton, one of the Capitals of 
 the country. Studied and was ordained Deacon as far back as 1848, and next year 
 Priest by the Bishop of Quebec. Came to Montreal, and was appointed Assistant 
 Curate in Christ Church Cathedral in 1848. Afterwards received the Incumbency of 
 St. Anne’s Church, Griffintown, since called St. Stephen’s, and now under the charge 
 of the Ven. Archdeacon Evans, M.A. After many years in charge, he built St. James 
 the Apostle, St. Catherine street, where ever since he has been the genial and beloved 
 Rector. He was installed Canon of the Cathedral in 1872, and has travelled exten- 
 sively in Europe and Palestine. He married a sister of the late Canon Duvernet. 
 She died many years ago. His sister is married to the well-known John Crawford of 
 Verdun. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 4*3 
 
 DR. DESJARDINS 
 
 Was bom at Terrebonne, roth September, 1837. He studied at Masson College and 
 finished at Nicolet. He married Mile Z. Part, one of the daughters of the late H. 
 Par6, Esq. Having practiced Medicine for seven years in Montreal, he then went to 
 Europe to study Ophthalmy or disease of the eyes, and on his return made a special 
 treatment of eye troubles in the Hotel Dieu. He went a second time to Europe to 
 complete his studies, and whilst in London was admitted a member of the International 
 Congress of Ophthalmy. In 1873, he returned to Montreal and founded the Oph- 
 thalmic. Institution. He was one of the founders of the “ Societe Mddicale de Mont- 
 real,” and also of the journal L' Union Medicalc. But it is in the charitable work 
 of the Doctor that Montreal prides herself. He has by his liberality and Christian 
 sympathetic charity endeared himself to thousands who have benefitted by his 
 wonderful cures “ without money and without price.” Yes, no man deserves more 
 of his fellow citizens, be he who he may, than he who wholly devotes his time, his 
 talents, his life and means to the amelioration of poor miserable humanity. To him 
 shall be ascribed the words, “ Well done.” 
 
 HENRY H. MILES, LL.D., D.C.L. 
 
 Henry Hopper Miles, late Secretary of the Department of Public Instruction for 
 the Province of Quebec, and a writer of text-books for public schools, is well known 
 throughout the Dominion for his invaluable labors in connection with the cause of 
 education. He was born in London, England, on the 18th October, 1818, his father 
 being Lieutenant Richard Miles, of the Royal Navy, who died at Deal, Kent, in 1822. 
 The family belonged originally to the West of England, and a branch went over to 
 Kent, in which county it is now not uncommon to meet with persons of the name of 
 Miles. His mother was Mary Hopper, which name was originally Hooper, one of 
 her ancestors, Bishop Hooper, having been burnt at the stake, after which the numer- 
 ous immediate descendants of the martyr, finding their family name obnoxious to 
 many of their neighbors and fellow citizens, changed it to Hopper, and went away 
 to settle in the other counties. 
 
 Our subject was educated in part at the Grammar School of Exeter, Devonshire, 
 and finished in Edinburgh and Aberdeen, Scotland, including medical studies ; but 
 finding the profession distasteful, he never took up the practice of it. 
 
 In 1845, invitation, he came to Lennoxville to fill the Chair of Mathematics 
 and Natural Philosophy in the University of Bishop’s College, and also the office of 
 vice-principal of that institution, a post which he held for twenty-one years. During 
 this period he took great interest in educational matters generally in the province, 
 and did no inconsiderable amount of literary work outside of his special labprs at 
 Lennoxville. 
 
 In 1862, he was sent to England in company with Sir William Logan, to 
 represent the Eastern Townships of Quebec in the International Exhibition, held in 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 4 r 4 
 
 London- In .858, he took J»r., t 
 
 by “ d ^»“ ,j '" which *« I>ubl “"f d 
 
 rj“»|>l,lel form »»d circulated gratuitously at the expense of member, of the 
 “"^“sw 'he’reSned his office in Bishop's College, the corporation of which, in 
 
 — £ on* t-ts: s 
 
 payment of his customary salary tor the space ui y 
 
 reUr When the Confederation of the Provinces was completed, he was offered, and 
 acce pted j'jj 6 3 * 'h ad ^th e^de gree° of ' LL.D. conferred on him by Ae 
 
 r nr. zrz 
 
 mV, aided by Dr. Miles and other warm friends of such enterprises, he 
 
 *“ 880 president of the latte, society. In other lines of 
 
 D ,,, ‘‘' his lnnd has often made its mark. He Itas written a good deal for 
 educaTional and literary magazines, and has done important work in 
 hooks for use in the public schools of the Dominion. He is the author of a 
 
 ’ 6c -, 867.” Among his minor productions, mention may also be made of Canady 
 l , n t the International Exhibition,” and “ The Eastern townships of Canada, 
 both published in London in 1863, as well as several historical artides printed m the 
 
 1 of “Transactions of the Quebec Literary and Historical Society. - 
 
 whaTremarkable article upon a controverted question relating to the eai her a>»° 
 The .rest Admiral Nelson, en.i.led : “ Nelson at Quebec,” was written by him for the 
 
 • ft n re nnoii the Local Government of the day m securing the continued pay m 
 o" their grants from the public chest, in perpetuation of the endowments originally 
 
 Settl t"M^ a ^emS^ Church of England, as might be inferred from his 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 415 : 
 
 connection with Bishop’s College, and he served as warden, and, we believe, in other 
 offices connected with the church, and with other societies which it has established. 
 
 T . x , In r 1 ?, 47 ’ he mamed Miss Elizabeth Wilson, daughter of William Wilson, Esq 
 B.M. of Cambridge, and M.D. of Edinburgh College of Physicians, who practised 
 many years at Ripon, Yorkshire, prior to his coming out to Canada to settle near 
 Sherbrooke, in the Eastern Townships, having discontinued the practice of the pro- 
 fession. He died in the year 1851. Dr. Miles was superannuated in 1881, by the 
 Quebec Government, and now lives in Montreal. 
 
 Dr. Miles has four children, two sons and two daughters. John C. the oldest 
 son, is connected with the Boston & Maine Railroad, Boston, Mass. ; the second 
 Henry, has been in the Wholesale Drug business of Lyman, Sons & Co. since 187c' 
 and for the past five years managing partner. He is one of the proprietors and 
 the editor of the Montreal Pharmaceutical Journal. He is one of the incor- 
 porators of the Montreal Philharmonic Society, is a Governor of the Montreal 
 Dispensary and a member of the Board of Trade. Both daughters married, the 
 elder residing in Boston and the younger in Quebec. 
 
 H. A. NELSON 
 
 Was born in Keene, New Hampshire, on October 20, 1816, and removed to Mon 
 real when twenty-four years of age, in the year 1840, entering into business with the 
 late Isaac Butters, under the name of Nelson & Butters. The firm so existed until 
 1861, when Mr. Butters retired on account of ill-health, and O. S. Wood took his 
 place, until lie retired from a similar cause in 1874. Mr. Nelson then took into 
 partnership his four sons, and the firm name was changed to that of H. A. Nelson & 
 Sons, which at present it bears. In the year 1878, Mr. Nelson was elected to 
 represent Montreal Centre in the Quebec Legislature, as a supporter of Mr. Joly and 
 represented the constituency for three years, when he retired. But it was as an 
 Alderman that Mr. Nelson was best known. Occupying a seat in the Municipal 
 Council for the long period of fourteen years, and for the latter portion holding the 
 important post of Chairman of the Finance Committee, a position for which he 
 proved himself singularly well fitted, his name will be associated with what was best 
 calculated to secure a judicious regulation and expenditure of the civic funds, and 
 to promote the best interests of the city generally. In the commercial community 
 Mr. Nelson was equally well known and esteemed. I.n addition to building up a 
 large and prosperous private business, he was a trusted. councillor on the boards of 
 several public companies and institutions. He was^a Director of the Molsons Bank, 
 President of the Loan and Investment Association, and Vice-President of the Pro- 
 vincial Loan Association. The deceased gentleman was also foremost in works of a 
 charitable nature, and the boards and committees- of several charitable societies have 
 missed his kindly presence, his sympathetic aid, and his valued advice. Par- 
 ticularly, his death was mourned by the pastor and congregation of the American 
 
416 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL, 
 
 Presbyterian Church. For many years he was an active member of that church, and 
 It hk dea* was senior elder, the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Supenn- 
 tendent of the Sunday School, in all of which his loss has been deeply felt 
 worthy man died at home in Montreal, on the 24th December 1882. pea mg 0 
 Modernise on the following day, the Gazette said By his death the community 
 oses a large-hearted, upright and honorable citizen, and the city, one who as a mem- 
 Z o^e C^cil an P d In various other capacities has proved himself a man of 
 sound judgment, of sterling integrity, and of active and beneficial enterprise. 
 
 GEO. W. STEPHENS, 
 
 , 0N of the late Harrison Stephens, Esq., was born in Montreal and educated at the 
 High School. He graduated in McGill College, and took the degree of B.C.L 
 He^was engaged for nine years in commercial pursuits, hence his value in the Counc 
 ff Mo. t al connected with his legal acumen. He was admitted to practice Law in 
 November, 1863, and elected to the City Council in .868. Alderman Stephens wa 
 n p n remoter of the following By-Laws : “ Prohibiting the keeping of Pigs th 
 
 “ We of Cool ,0 prevent Frond," Sole of Wood to pr.- 
 vein’ Fraud," “By-Law concerning Nuisances, Drains, etc.,’’ “ Scavengers, and the 
 “ Carters’ New Tariff.” He .also conducted the Drill Shed and Road Committee lives - 
 gadons aifd has generally kept up a surveillance over speculators in the City Counc h 
 His efforts have resulted in turning public attention to the importance of impro mg 
 2 e standard of public representatives. And so uncomfortable has he made it for 
 speculative Aldermen, that they have, for the most part now, left the Council. Hie 
 Municipal Legislature is improved in its morale, and this is partly due to his 
 
 year ^^^d much distinction at the Bar in conducting the grease 
 
 of Connolly vs. Woolrych to a successful issue. This was a cause celebre, 
 
 ever be” a leading case on the Law of Marriage as applied to Indian marriages and 
 
 Whilst at the Bar he was associated with J. A. Perkins, the ^ rm ^>"8 P 
 & Stephens, and their practice was very extensive and successful. JJ 
 
 absent from a Council meeting, and has always been on the side of - > 
 
 ^ gov-»»l. He ha. finally retired from .he Council but » « a ««• 
 
 didate for representation in the County of Huntingdon for the Local Legislature. 
 

 MADAMK DA N 1H' K AND. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 4 r 7 
 
 RAOUL DANDURAND. 
 
 He was born in Montreal on the 4th of November, 1861. His father was the late 
 CEdippe Dandurand, merchant, and his mother, Marie Marguerite Roy. He was 
 educated at Montreal College, and studied Law from July, 1879, with the late Joseph 
 Doutre, Q.C., his relative, and whose partner he became when admitted to the Bar 
 in January, 1883. He took his degrees at Laval University. He was, in the follow- 
 ing year, 1884, elected President of the Club National, of Montreal, being only 
 twenty-two years of age. He married, January, 1886, Josephine, the second daughter 
 of the Hon. F. G. Marchand, Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, and 
 residing at St. Johns. He was appointed, in 1888, a magistrate, and acted as such 
 for over a year. He has published, with Chas. Lanctot, Esq., lately appointed Law 
 Officer of the Crown, a “ Treatise on Criminal Law,” and a “ Manual for Justices 
 of the Peace.” He is a Liberal, of rather Radical lineage, his father being all his 
 life-time a member of the Institui Canadien . He has taken an active part in all 
 the political contests of the last twelve years. He was made a Knight of the Legion 
 of Honor by the French Government for upholding the Republican institutions of 
 that country. He is the head of the law firm of Dandurand & Brodeur. Mr. 
 Brodeur is Member of Parliament for Rouville. What I said regarding those who 
 were actually born in Montreal, and, therefore, true Montrealers, can fitly be applied 
 to the subject of this sketch. He is still a young man, in the thirtieth year of his 
 age ; but has already held some important positions. The beginning of next century 
 may see him one of the leading men of Canada. Whether or not, his name will 
 never die, so long as the facile writings of his talented wife (daughter of a talented 
 father) survive. And when thousands now treading Montreal’s streets will be for- 
 gotten and unknown, Madame Dandurand’s works will remain, a lasting testimony of 
 the development of woman’s intellect, woman’s brains and woman’s will, as much as 
 that of man’s. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Xl8 
 
 HON. JUDGE PAGNUELO 
 
 Was born on the 5 th January, 1840, in Laprairie. His father was from Seville, 
 Was doi i> J country in 1812 with the DeMeuron regiment. His 
 
 Spain, having ,. , t He graduated at the Montreal College, in 
 
 R. & G. Laflamme and was Law, 
 
 S SS Barnard. He «as on ,„e 
 
 c --“ i,o ' ic Bisu °? » f m "'' “i 1 ” 
 
 different contestations which arose in the Civil and Ecclesiastical Courts regarding 
 the division of the city and suburbs of Montreal into different 1 *™^' W “ 
 induced to make special study of the civil status of the Roman Catholic Chu ch n 
 Canada. He published in tS 7 2 a book entitled : Etudes Histories et Legates sur 
 . ^ j 'ri-ip first nart of this book contains a digest on 
 
 the^hange in the^cfvifstatus of the Roman Catholic Church in Canada, arising out 
 S ^est of the Country from the French by the English and from t e 
 Capitulation and Treaty of Cession : it includes also a complete review of the English 
 International Law, and of the Imperial and Provincial Statutes, “ 
 of all the facts bearing on the relations between the State and the Church of Engl , 
 th^ Dissenters, the Jews, and the Roman Catholic Church in Canada. Hiscon- 
 tio. s ire in favor of the complete liberty of all Christian denominations, and 
 tie" equality before the law, as a fundamental basis of the Constitution of h 
 Country 1 *’ the second part of the book is devoted entirely to the question of the 
 power of the Bishop to divide a Catholic religious parish, for religious purposes on y, 
 hldepen den tl y of the Government. Although the Catholic community m the 
 Province of Quebec was then greatly excited and divided on this question, it may b 
 said that not a single voice was raised in its midst against the tone or the conclusions 
 of this book ; all the Bishops of the Province sent letters to the authoi , some 0 w 11 
 ^re most eulogistic : even His Holiness the Pope honored the author with a spec, a 
 autograph Brief , complimenting him on his learning and the soundness of h, 
 
 doctrine; ^ ^ was als0 connec ted with the Press, especially the 
 
 Nouveau Monde , to which he was for a time legal correspondent and re P°'* r - 
 
 He also organized the first Lower Canadian Agricultural Insurance Compa • 
 which obtained its Charter from the Quebec Parliament in 1872, un er ^ 
 
 “ The Cultivators’ Fire Insurance Company of the Province o Que )tt, , 
 gamated at once with the “ Isolated Risk Insurance Company of Canada, 
 
 Miss Azilda Gauthier, daughter of the late Arthur Gauthier, 
 Esa. Notary, of Montreal. After being in partnership with some of our best lawyers, 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 419 
 
 Mr. Pagnuelo was raised to the Bencli of the Province of Quebec, and is now one of 
 our most learned and trustworthy Judges of the Superior Court. He has lately been 
 appointed Chairman of the Royal Commission in place of Judge Mathieu resigned. 
 
 FREDERICK W. L. PENTON. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in Calais, France, 1826. His father was Henry 
 Penton, of Pentonville, London, England, and his mother, a daughter of Mr. Cordier 
 de la Housie. The family left England after their return from France, and came to 
 Canada in the summer of 1832 to Sorel. Mr. Penton was educated in the Island of 
 Jersey (one of the Channel Islands), and on his arrival in (his country commenced 
 farming. In 1862, he came to Montreal and was appointed Superintendent of the 
 City Passenger Railway, which post he resigned in 1865 upon his appointment as 
 Chief of the Police Force of the City, on the resignation of Chief Lamothe, which 
 position he occupied till his death. The remarks relative to the “ Police Force ” 
 are taken from “ Hochelaga Depicta,” A.D. 1838: 
 
 “ This Force was organized in consequence of an Ordinance issued during the 
 Administration of the Earl of Durham, on the 28th June, 1838. It consists of 102 
 privates, four mounted patrols, six sergeants, and six corporals, under the command 
 of four officers, viz. : Capt. Alexander Comeauand Lieut. Worth, for division A, and 
 Capt. William Brown and Lieut. William Suter, for division B. The superintendent 
 is Mr. P. Leclere. The day duty commences at 7 a.m. and ends at 6 p.m. Each 
 man is on duty every three hours in winter, and six hours in summer. Night duty 
 commences at 6 p.m., and ends at 6 a.m. The time of relief in winter is governed 
 by the weather, at the discretion of the officer on duty : in summer, every four hours 
 duty relieves. The expense is borne by the Civil Home Government, and amounts 
 to at least six thousand pounds per annum. A book of admirable regulations has 
 been published for the guidance of the police, and all its operations are scrupulously 
 conducted in accordance with them. 
 
 vi The jurisdiction of the police extends throughout the city, suburbs, harbor, and 
 Island of Montreal, together with the parishes of Laprairie de la Magdelaine, Lon- 
 gueuil, Boucherville, Varennes, Repentigny, Lachenaie, St. Vincent de Paul, St. 
 Martin, and Isle Perrot.” 
 
 This is a very different arrangement from that of the present day, 1892. The 
 four mounted patrols would be most beneficial now, especially in the outskirts of 
 Montreal. The efficient present Chief does all that lies in his power with the force 
 at his command, but it is utterly impossible to cover such an extent as the city now 
 does, with foot police alone. 
 
 JOHN McCORD, Senior. 
 
 This personage, the founder of the McCord family in Montreal, came from 
 Antrim, Ireland, lie was born in 1711, and died at “ The Grange,” Montreal, on 
 the 10th October, 1793. He was the patentee of the half of the Gaspe property 
 
420 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 which was styled “O’Hara and McCord Patent.” There is perhaps no name so 
 intimately connected with the history of the country as that of McCord. John 
 McSrd, senior, had two sons-John and Thomas. John, the elder, died at Quebec 
 without issue, in 1822, and thus his branch of the family became extinct as to his 
 name. Thomas, the younger, owned the greater part of ‘ 
 
 there to this day perpetuates his name. He represented the West Ward of the City 
 in the Provincial Parliament, and afterwards was the Police Magistrate of Montreal, 
 which position he held to the day of his death, which occurred in the year 1 824. He 
 left two sons, and it is remarkable that both of them afterwards rose to be Judges of 
 the Superior Court of the Province-the Hon. John S. McCord and the Hon. Wm 
 King McCord. I find the latter’s name in the Records of the Montreal Pi Ison an 
 in connection with the Rebellion of 1837-38. He committed, as Justice of the Peace, 
 several prisoners from St. Scholastique suspected of High Treason. He had one son, 
 Thomas, who afterwards became Hon. Thomas McCord, Judge of the Superior 
 Court. His daughter married the Hon. Justice Polette. The Hon. John S. McCoid 
 
 had two sons, the representatives of the family being ex- Alderman David McCord, 
 
 and Robert McCord, late an officer of the British Army, now deceased. I he 
 mother of David and Robert McCord was Anne Ross, daughter of David Ross 
 Advocate. The ex- Alderman now attends entirely to the duties of his profession, and 
 has eschewed politics and civic affairs for years past. 
 
 WILLIAM LUNN 
 
 Was born in Devonshire, England, 18th July, 1796. His father was for many years 
 an officer in the Dock Yard of Devonport. The subject of this sketch received ns 
 education at Devonport, where he was attached to the Dock Yard till 1819, when ic 
 arrived in Montreal, being sent out by the Admiralty to take the charge of the Naval 
 Stores. At this time there was a Naval Establishment in each of the five great Lakes 
 under the command of a Port Captain. This continued till 1834, when tins whole 
 branch of the service was broken up. However, Mr. Lunn did not return to England. 
 He had in the interval married in 1821, and concluded to lemain in the count!}. 
 Perhaps no man has been more identified with the educational interests of Montreal 
 than Mr. Lunn. He was the means of establishing the very first public school 111 this 
 Province, the first meeting being held in his own parlor. At this time the teachers 
 were sent out by the British and Foreign School Society of London, England, ihe 
 first school was at the corner of Cotte and Lagaucheti^re streets, and is still a well- 
 regulated institution under the careful guidance of one of the best and most experier.e 
 Teachers of Montreal— Mr. Chambers. For more than thirty years Mr. Lunn was 
 the Secretary-Treasurer of the Protestant Board of School Commissioners of Montreal. 
 He was one of the founders of the High School. His wife died in 1862. His son 
 Alexander Hutchinson, is one of the most prominent Lawyers m Montreal, being 
 associated in the firm of Cramp & Lunn. One daughter married Judge Cross, of 
 Montreal. Mr. Lunn died some years ago, full of years and good deeds, a man who 
 had done much in his dav to promote the interests of the city of his adoption. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 421 
 
 WILLIAM PALMEk 
 
 W as born in Montreal in 1813 of English parents. His mother died in this city at 
 the age ot ninety-six. When a lad of fourteen he commenced life in a ship chandler 
 store and afterwards in the grocery business. He was clerk afterwards in the whole- 
 sale house of the late Mr. John Smith, so well known in Montreal in his day. He 
 also was in the employ of the late Hon. James Ferrier. In 1836, a year before the 
 Rebellion, he went into business on his own account. As an opportunity offered in 
 H. M. Stores in 1838, he was then appointed by the late Commissary General, Sir 
 Randolph Routh, a writer in his own office. In 1850, he was recommended for pro- 
 motion, on account of his wonderful knowledge of accounts and management of 
 Government books, and the Lords Commissioners of II. M. Treasury appointed him 
 to a Commission Clerkship, and in a very responsible position. He served in Her 
 Majesty’s Service for upwards of thirty-two years, one of the most painstaking and 
 conscientious servants she ever had. In 1870, he was superannuated, the War Office 
 granted him two-thirds of his annual pay as pension. He is now in the fifty-sixth 
 year of married life, and his wife and self are in the enjoyment of good health. 
 
 Let me add that I, the Author of this book, look back with pleasure on those 
 days of Montreal’s “ Military Occupation.” As Chaplain to H. M. Forces for over 
 eight years, I had much to do with Mr. Palmer, the subject of our sketch, and ever 
 found him an earnest and obliging servant of the Queen. Those were the fine times 
 for Montreal, plenty of money circulated then, but then there was also the dark side, 
 which, as both military and civil Chaplain, I well knew. However, if we cannot 
 pray that these old times return, let us hope that our grand Dominion will yet be 
 an independent nation, forming at last one of the great Empires of the world, as she 
 is now the fifth, maybe the fourth, in the scale of her mercantile marine. 
 
 Mr. Palmer’s son is one of the best known faces in the Post Office of Montreal. 
 After years of patient service he was a few days ago promoted to the high position 
 of Deputy Postmaster of Montreal. This in the son recognizes the worth and work of 
 the sire. May they all be spared, and that Mr. Palmer, sen., reach his Diamond Wed- 
 ding — sixty years married— he is now in his fifty-sixth year. All the old military men in 
 Montreal should then unite to “ bounce ’’ him. He walks the streets to-day with such an 
 elastic step, looks “ so fresh and rosy,” that the period of his diamond wedding seems 
 sure to pass, and he will enter into the almost unknown ages of Methuselah. Long 
 may he live. Say what men will, our climate is one of the most health-giving in all 
 the world. Where I should like to know can be found so many scores of octoge- 
 narians and nonagenarians, nay centenarians, as found in Canada. May our friend 
 become the last. 
 
 HON. HORATIO GATES. 
 
 The subject of this short sketch was a very successful merchant of Old Montreal. 
 He was associated with his nephew, a Mr. Jones. His daughter was married to J. 
 G. McKenzie, the head of the great house of “ J. G. McKenzie & Co.,” which to this 
 

 4 22 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 day is still seen in St. Paul street. The sons of J. G. McKenzie were well known 
 names in Montreal, Hector and Fred. The latter was once M.P. for our city in the 
 Federal Parliament, and gave much attention to the Society for the Prevention o 
 
 Cruelty to Animals. . _ .. .. , 
 
 Mr. Gates was appointed a member of the Legislative Council on March it, 
 1833. He was besides this, one of the seven gentlemen who signed the requisition, 
 calling the meeting to elect the first Directors of the Bank of Montreal, July 4t 1, 
 1817. He was chosen one of the Directors, and remained so to his death years 
 
 after. 
 
 ARTHUR H. PL 1 MSOLE. 
 
 “ In this age of progress, and especially in large centres of commercial activity like 
 Montreal, the services of the chartered accountant are indispensable, and their impor- 
 tance cannot be overrated. Among the accountants of this city, Mr. Arthur H. 
 Plimsoll is deserving of special mention. This well and favorably known accountant 
 has been before the public in his profession since 1875, and dllnn g the intervening 
 period has met with marked and eminently well deserved success therein, a result 
 due mainly to his energy, superior executive ability, and high character. Mr. Plirn- 
 soll is widely known throughout the city, and his services have also frequently been 
 engaged in many parts of Canada. As a professional Auditor he has few equals in 
 the Dominion, being the annual auditor for many of the largest public corporations 
 as well as private concerns, and he is also regarded as exceptionally expert 111 the 
 examination of books and intricate accounts. Mr. Plimsoll is a gentleman P°P ular 
 socially and Otherwise, and it is needless to add that he has always enjoyed and 
 retained the good will and respect of a host of fiiends. He is the son of one of the 
 old Montrealers who thirty years ago was well known in the mercantile and otier 
 phases of Montreal.” 
 
 HARRISON STEPHENS. 
 
 He was born in Jamaica, in the State of Vermont, in the year 1801. The Ver- 
 monters have always been renowned for energy and perseverance; hence Mr. 
 Stephens, when he arrived in Montreal, in the year 1828, determined to show his 
 energy and pluck. Though a poor man, by indomitable industry and perseverance, 
 he made his mark commercially in the city. He established the old and well-known 
 house of Stephens & Kellogg, and was also the senior partner in the extensive 
 establishment of Stephens, Young & Co. He retired from the firm m 1845, and 
 spent the rest of his life enjoying, the laurels of his well-earned patrimony. He 
 was for several years one of the Directors of the Bank of Montreal. His sons 
 enjoy a large share of public respect, one being the well-known and widely esteeme 
 Geo. W. Stephens, Alderman of Montreal. The residence of the late Mr. Stephens 
 (now the Alderman’s), situated in Dorchester Street, next to St. James Club, is per- 
 haps one of the finest in the city. He died some years ago. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 4 
 
 VEN. ARCHDEACON EVANS, M.A. 
 
 Lewis Evans, Archdeacon of Montreal of the Anglican Church, comes from an 
 old Irish family. His descent can be traced back to Hugh Evans, of Balin- 
 robe, County Mayo, Ireland, and dates to 1653. His son, Francis Evans, of 
 Dublin, died June, 1780; his son, Nicolas Evans, of Baymount, County Dublin, 
 died June, 1803. Francis Evans, of Rohnstown, County Westmeath, was a mem- 
 ber of the Irish Bar, and died 20th May, 1834. His son, Francis Evans, D.C.L., 
 was the Rector of Woodhouse, Upper Canada, and died September 6th, 1858. 
 Such is the male branch of the Evans family. The ancestors of the mother of 
 the Archdeacon were named Lewis, and came of a long line of Church of Eng- 
 land Clergymen of that name. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born at Woodhouse Rectory, County of Nor- 
 folk, Upper Canada, on the 19th December, 1845. He was educated at Upper 
 Canada College, won the Competitive Scholarship at Trinity College, Toronto, 
 matriculated in 1863, and after a curriculum of unexceptionable merit graduated 
 B.A. in 1870 and M.A. in 1871. 
 
 He then took his Divinity Term in Huron College, London, and after due 
 course was admitted Deacon in 1869 and Priest in 1870, by the Bishop of 
 the Diocese, Bishop Cronyn. He was assistant in Christ Church Cathedral 
 for three years, and of whiciv he was made an Honorary Canon in 1873. Since 
 then he has been the Rector of St. Stephen’s, having succeeded Mr. Curran, now 
 Canon Curran, of Hamilton, Ontario. He afterwards, in 1879, was appointed Bishop’s 
 Chaplain, a post he yet occupies, and Archdeacon of Iberville in 1881. On the 
 death of the late Archdeacon Leach, he received the appointment of Archdeacon of 
 Montreal, which he still holds. He is a man of indefatigable exertion, and stops at 
 no difficulty in pressing on the benefits and advancement of the Church at large. 
 Through his indomitable perseverance one of the most beautiful churches in 
 Montreal— St. Stephen’s— has been erected, and that too without debt. Where it now 
 stands, in former years was a wretched locality, and great has been the change 
 which has taken place by removing the church congregation from its old position 
 and building the present edifice, thanks to the indefatigable Rector. 
 
 Archdeacon Evans has devoted a good deal of his time to the schools of Mon- 
 treal. He is one of the Protestant School Commissioners, and has been the means 
 of extending the benefits of public education throughout the city. He also takes 
 great interest in the Montreal Diocese and meetings of Synod. 
 
 He married, in 1873, Marion Stewart, the eldest daughter of Strachan Belhune, 
 Esq., Q.C., and has a family of sons and daughters. 
 
 HON. JOHN RICHARDSON. 
 
 Perhaps no man of his time did more for the development and advance of Montreal 
 than the subject of this sketch. He was a native of Banffshire, Scotland, having 
 been born at Portsoy, and the testimony of the late Mr. John Dougall, of the Wit- 
 
424 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ness is worth here recording about him. Mr. Dougall said a few months before 
 he died, that out of all the English-speaking citizens of Montreal to be most beloved 
 and trusted, he would select three— Hon. John Richardson, Hon. Geo. Moffatt, and 
 Hon. Peter McGill; and he added this excellent testimony of them: “That the 
 public of Montreal have never been so well served since as by these tluee men in 
 succession.” 
 
 Hon. John Richardson represented the East Ward in conjunction with Joseph 
 Frobisher in the very first Parliament of Lower Canada. We find him as one oi the 
 Commissioners appointed to remove the old fortification walls of the city in 1802. He 
 next appears in urging on the Lachine Canal in 1821, where on the 17th July of that 
 year he turned the first sod of that useful body of connecting water. In 1825, he 
 was Chairman of the company that completed it. 
 
 After the great victory of Waterloo, he was on the list of collectors. A com- 
 mittee was appointed by Sir G. Drummond to obtain subscriptions in aid of the families 
 that were slain in that terrible battle. He was also one of the six commissioners 
 appointed for building Nelson’s Monument. He was a Director of the first Savings 
 Bank Montreal ever had, and a Trustee for looking after and improving the highway 
 from Montreal to Lachine, a most important King’s road in those early days. He 
 was also a Justice of the Peace, authorized to administer oaths to the half-pay officers 
 of the Montreal District. He was, as the honorable shows before his name, a Legis- 
 lative Councillor of Lower Canada in 1821, This remarkable man, with Hon. Wil- 
 liam McGillivray and Samuel Gerrard, formed a committee to purchase the land on 
 which the General Hospital is now built, and in 1821, when a large hospital was 
 about to be erected, he was named Chairman to superintend its erection, and after- 
 wards became its first President. He died 1 8th May, 1831, aged seventy-six years. 
 After his death, to commemorate his exertions in aid of the General Hospital, his 
 friends erected in what is called the Richardson wing a tablet with the following in- 
 scription “ This Building was erected A. D. 1832, to commemorate the public and 
 private virtues of the Hon. John Richardson, a distinguished mei chant of this city 
 and a member of the Executive and Legislative Councils of the Province. He was 
 the first President of the Hospital, and a liberal contributor to its foundation and 
 support.” 
 
 PIERRE BEAUBIEN, M.D. 
 
 He was born at La Baie du Febvre, and educated at the College of Nicolet. After 
 finishing his studies he went to Paris, and graduated in the University there. 
 Returning to Montreal, he established a flourishing and lucrative practice. He 
 married Justine, daughter of the late Hon. C. E. Casgrain, seigneur de la Riviere 
 Ouelle. He represented the City of Montreal from 1841 to 1844, and again had the 
 honor of being elected for the County of Chambly from 1848 to 1851 in the Canadian 
 Assembly. Since then he attended to the onerous duties of his profession, and was 
 the visiting and consulting physician to the Hotel Dieu and the Montreal Gaol for a 
 long period of years. He was the patron and Dean of the French School of Medicine in 
 Montreal in connection with the Victoria College, Ontario, and died some years ago. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 425 
 
 Ji ‘0 arxo 
 
 T 0 
 
 DICKSON ANDERSON 
 
 Is the second son of the late William James Anderson, M.D., L. R.C.S., of Edin- 
 burgh, Scotland, and was born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, on 14th June, 1845. His 
 younger days were passed in schools at Toronto and Quebec ; his course of studies 
 having been completed under the late Daniel Wilkie, LL.D., Principal of the 
 High School, and afterwards under James Thom, the well-known teacher of Que- 
 bec. He was for a number of years in the employ of the firm of J. C. DeWolf 
 & Co. and DeWolf & Vaughan, of Quebec. He then entered the employment 
 of the Quebec Chronicle , on the staff of which he remained for several years. 
 He came to Montreal in 1869, and commenced business as a ship-broker in connec- 
 tion with Mr. E. H. Duval, of Quebec, under the firm name of Duval, Anderson & 
 Co. This firm was dissolved at the end of two years, and he formed a new partner- 
 ship with Captain Charles H. McKenzie, under the style of Anderson, McKenzie & 
 Co., continuing the business of the old firm. Captain McKenzie a few years later, 
 becoming tired of business, retired, and Mr. Anderson continued it on his own account 
 and under the old name. His business has been a successful one. He is largely 
 interested in shipping, both sail and steam, and his affairs, as a result of his close 
 attention to business, are, we believe, most promising. Mr. Anderson’s father, Dr. 
 Anderson, was a well-known litterateur in Quebec. Not only was he President of 
 the Quebec Historical Society, but he published some most interesting papers, such as 
 “ The Gold Fields of Canada,” and “ On the finding of Coal at Point Levis, Quebec.” 
 He also was the Author of the interesting “Tourist’s Guide to Quebec.” His 
 most important work, however, was the “Life of the Duke of Kent in Nova 
 Scotia.’ Mr. Dickson Anderson has now been in Montreal over twenty-two years, 
 and he has done much to increase the foreign trade of the city. He is the Consul 
 for the Hawaiian Kingdom, and ranks high in Masonry, being Past Deputy Grand 
 Master, and during his term of office acting as Grand Master, owing to the illness of 
 the Grand Master. His business consists of ship and steamship agent, forwarder 
 and shipper of lumber, coal and deals. His two brothers are now in Montreal. 
 The elder of the two, James W. Anderson, is in the lumber business, and represents 
 one of the largest concerns in Quebec, and the younger, William J., is employed in 
 the Port Warden’s office. 
 
426 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 JUDGE GILL 
 
 Was born at St. Francis, Yamaska, March 12, 1844. His father was Ignace Gill, 
 who had been twice elected to represent the County of Yamaska in the Legislative 
 Assembly under the Union from 1854 to 1861. In one of the numerous raids of the 
 wild Indians on the New England States in 1700 to 1710, Samuel Gill was taken 
 prisoner by the Abenaki Indians and brought to the village of St. Francis. He was 
 then fifteen years of age and was adopted by the tribe, as was also a young girl named 
 James, also taken prisoner, and who was the daughter of a Church of England minister, 
 whose age was twelve. A Jesuit Father took care of these two young people, and in 
 process of time (as a matter of course and naturally), they married, the good Father 
 performing the ceremony, much to the chagrin of the Indians, who were anxious to 
 intermix their own blood by marriage with the white man. 
 
 In 1756, a Mrs. Johnston, who also had been taken prisoner by these same 
 Indians and brought to St. Francis, tells us that she was sold to a man of the 
 name of Gill, living in the Indian village, but seemingly far above the Red Men in 
 every particular. He kept the store of the village, and often said to Mrs. Johnston 
 that he was of pure English blood. He was one of the sons of Samuel Gill and the 
 girl James, above mentioned — hence the history of the name. 
 
 Judge Gill received his education at the College of Nicolet, being there between 
 1856 and 1864. Leaving, he entered Laval University, Quebec, as a Law Student, 
 studying at the same time in the office of Mr., afterwards Justice Tessier, 
 till 1867, when in October of that year he was called to the Bar of the Pro- 
 vince. He then went to reside at Sorel and practise Law, entering into partner- 
 ship with the well-known Mr., afterwards Chief Justice P. Armstrong, of St. 
 Lucia and the Tobago Islands in the West Indies. In January, 1870, he was 
 married to the eldest daughter of L. A. Senecal, the Railway King. When 
 the General Elections took place in 1871, Mr. Senecal made way for his son-in- 
 law, and he was elected for the County of Yamaska, continuing to represent the 
 County till 1874, when he resigned and was immediately elected to represent 
 the same County in the Commons of Canada, and again re-elected in 1878. He 
 accepted a Judgeship at the early age of thirty-five, on the 20th May, 1879. 
 Since then nearly thirteen years have passed, but he still maintains the opinion 
 of his friends and confreres, that as one said when he saw him administering 
 justice among his first cases, “He had an old head on young shoulders.” The 
 Judge resides in St. Denis street, and is now connected with the Montreal Superior 
 Court as one of its Judges. 
 
 C. O. PERRAULT. 
 
 Charles Ovide Perrault, late Vice-Consul of France, in Montreal, is descended 
 from an old French family which came over from Normandy in 1725, the first settler 
 locating in Hochelaga. His father took a prominent part in the Rebellion of 1837- 
 1838. He was the publisher of the Vijidicator . A price having been put on his 
 
427 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 head, he fled to the United States, and remained an exile at Burlington, Vermont, for 
 eighteen months. His uncle, Charles O. Perrault, fell on the field of battle at St. 
 Charles, in 1837. He ' vas a member of the Local Legislature at the early age of 
 twenty-four years and a most gifted lawyer. The subject of our sketch was born in 
 Montreal, 1 8th February, 1842. His mother’s name was Marguerite Roy, daughter 
 of C. Fleury Roy, a large merchant of the city. He is cousin to His Lordship 
 the Archbishop of Montreal, and his brother, Senator Hector Fabre, the Canadian 
 representative in Paris, France. Mr. Perrault took a full course in St. Mary’s 
 College, studied Law under the late Sir A. A. Dorion, was admitted to the Bar in 
 1862, and practised for the next two years. From 1871 to 1874, he edited Le Pays . 
 He was one of the founders of the Montreal Abattoir Co. He was for years the 
 Manager of the Stadacona Insurance Co., and on the 20th of May, 1875, he received 
 the appointment of Vice-Consul to France. In 1877, he was made one of the Official 
 Assignees for the District of Montreal. In 1863, when in Paris, Mr. Perrault had 
 the honor of being received in an audience extraordinaire at the Palace of the 
 Tuilleries. He married, 28th February, 1869, Emma Matilda, daughter of Joseph 
 Tiffin, of Montreal, but she died on the 13th June, 1880. Mr. Perrault died not 
 long since. 
 
 L. A. BOYER 
 
 Was born in Montreal, 21st May, 1839, an d ls ^ ie eldest son °f Louis Boyer, who in 
 his lifetime was a large merchant of Montreal. He was educated at the Chambly 
 and Jesuits’ Colleges. Leaving this last-named in 1855 he entered into commercial 
 pursuits, and was director of several financial institutions, such as the Royal Canadian 
 Insurance Company, and was one of the Charter Directors of La Banque Ville 
 Marie. He was returned member of the Federal Parliament for MaskinongS County 
 at the General Elections of 1872, and also at the next General Elections ; but retired 
 and gave up politics. He married, in 1865, Miss Alphonsine Meilleur, daughter of 
 the first and well-known Superintendent of Education for Lower Canada, the late 
 Dr. Meilleur. Mr. Boyer is one of the managers of the Estate Boyer, an estate of 
 immense wealth, giving it all his attention. For some years he has been the Flour 
 Inspector of the City, a post for which he is well qualified, but which he resigned a 
 few days ago. 
 
 HON. ARTHUR BOYER. 
 
 He is the son of Louis Boyer, a merchant in Montreal, by his wife, Amelie Mignault. 
 He was born in Montreal, 9th February, 1851, and educated there and in London, 
 England. He married, in 1875, Miss Ernestine Galarneau. He was first returned 
 to Legislative Assembly for the County of Jacques Cartier at a bye-election 
 held 27th March, 1884, on the resignation of the sitting member, Hon. Mr. Mousseau. 
 He was returned at last General Election, but, like the other members of the Mercier 
 Government, was dismissed by the order of the Lieut. -Governor of the Province on 
 the 22nd December last. Hon. Mr. Mercier had taken him into his Cabinet, and 
 there is every prospect of his being re-elected on the 8th of next March. 
 
428 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 JUDGE M. DOHERTY. 
 
 Hon. Marcus Doherty was born in Dungiven, County Derry, Ireland, in i8i8,and 
 came to Canada in 1835. He was educated at Hamilton’s Grammar School, Dun- 
 given, at St. Hyacinthe College, and at the University of Vermont, where he gradu- 
 ated B. A. in 1842, and M. A. in 1845. He was called to the Bar in 1848, having 
 studied in the office of the late R. S. M. Bouchette. For many years he enjoyed a 
 large and lucrative practice in Montreal, and was honored by his confreres at the Bar 
 by an election as Syndic in 1871 and Batonnier in 1872. Mr. Doherty was twice a 
 candidate for the Mayoralty of the city, but was twice defeated, in 1861 by Hon. C. 
 S. Rodier and in 1866 by J. L. Beaudry. In 1872, Mr. Doherty was named Q.C., 
 and in 1873 he was named Judge of the Superior Court. He has acted as Assistant- 
 Judge of the Court of Appeals for the past few years. During his long judicial 
 career Judge Doherty’s decisions have had an almost unique exemption from reversals 
 by higher courts, and his judgments, especially in commercial matters, have been 
 distinguished by sound common sense and much learning. His courtesy towards 
 the Bar and his ready wit have made him a great personal favorite, and he retires 
 with the proud consciousness that his reputation as a pure and impartial magistrate 
 is absolutely unsullied.” 
 
 JUDGE C. J. DOHERTY 
 
 u Was born in Montreal, May nth, 1855. He was educated at St. Mary’s College, 
 where he graduated sutnma cum laude in 1873. He studied Law at McGill University 
 and graduated there in 1876, taking jointly with Mr. Greenshields, Q.C., the Eliza- 
 beth Torrance gold medal. He was admitted to practice in 1877, and during his 
 career at the Bar has been engaged in many important cases. He conducted success- 
 fully the defence of J. P. Whelan in the famous McNamee libel case ; was counsel 
 for Mr. Lynam in the sensational proceedings brought by Mr. Allred Perry for the 
 release of Rose Lynam from the Longue Point Asylum ; represented the Post in the 
 libel suit brought against it by the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association ; acted as 
 counsel in the proceedings for prohibition against the Royal Commission, and in 
 connection with the Statute Labor and Water tax litigations displayed great ability 
 as an expert in Municipal law. Mr. Doherty has appeared before the Privy Council 
 in London. He was one of the lawyers for the Society of Jesus in its libel suit against 
 the Toronto Mail. In 1887, Mr. Doherty was created a Queen’s Counsel, and since 
 has been elected a member of the Council of the Montreal Bar. On the re-organiza- 
 tion of the McGill Law School he was honored with the appointment of Professor of 
 Civil Law which he still holds. On two occasions Mr. Doherty entered the political 
 arena as candidate for Montreal, being defeated both times by Hon. James McShane. 
 He was for several years President of the Junior Conservative Club. He has also 
 been President of the University Literary Society, and Vice-President of the Grad- 
 uates’ Society. For several years he was President of the Montreal Branch of the Irish 
 National League. He is now President of the Shamrock Lacrosse Club. He was 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 429 
 
 named in 1883 a member of the Royal Commission to investigate the workings of 
 the Catholic and Protestant School Boards of this city. 
 
 On the outbreak of the Riel rebellion, Mr. Doherty, who then held a commis- 
 sion as captain of the 65th Battalion, went with his regiment to the North-West, and 
 served throughout the entire affair, taking part in all its marches and being in com- 
 mand of the Garrison at Fort Saskatchewan until the withdrawal of the troops. 
 
 Mr. Doherty has, however, been essentially a lawyer, and has long been looked 
 upon as one of the foremost men of his years at the Lower Canadian Bar. An earnest 
 student, his style as a pleader is concise, vigorous and erudite, and his arguments 
 have always been conspicuously free from verbosity. Mr. Doherty married several 
 years ago a daughter of Mr. Edmund Barnard, Q.C., one of the leading members 
 of the Montreal Bar.” 
 
 JAMES BROWN. 
 
 He was bom in Glasgow in 1776, and came as a lad to Quebec. He then married 
 at the early age of nineteen. In 1801 or 1802 he removed to Montreal and became 
 a bookseller and stationer. He was the first of that class ever in the city. He also 
 acquired, some time after, the proprietorship of the Gazette newspaper. As such, 
 and in his store, quite a number of men were employed. About this time an American 
 Company (Thomas Mears, Ware and Jackson) commenced the erection of a paper 
 mill at St. Andrews, Province of Quebec. This was the very first paper mill in all 
 Canada. The first paper was made in 1805 or 1806. The Mill fell into difficulties, 
 and Mr. Brown had to take over as payment the entire concern, so that, over and above 
 his store and newspaper, he was obliged to manufacture paper to keep the mill going. 
 He industriously carried on the work for some twenty-five years, until the lease of 
 the water-power expired. He also had disposed of the Gazette to Mr. Turner and 
 his shop and business to other parties to enable him to give his attention to the mill. 
 Year after year he lost heavily by it. He died 23rd May, 1845, aged sixty years. 
 
 His son was a well-known name in Montreal a quarter of a century ago John O. 
 
 Brown— who was one of the best auctioneers of Montreal. 
 
 JOSEPH QUESNEL 
 
 Was born at St. Malo, France, 15th November, 1749. After passing through his 
 studies he took service on board a man-of-war, thus in three years visiting Pondi- 
 cherry, Madagascar, Guinea and Senegal, encountering numerous adventures, and 
 arriving safely back to his native land. The love of roving had taken too strong a 
 hold of him, and he again left France and visited French Guiana, the Antilles, Brazil, 
 and finally established himself in Canada. He married in Montreal, and after visiting 
 the Valley of the Mississippi, fixed his home at Boucherville. He is the author of 
 an opera, “ Lucas et Cecile,” and “ Les Republicans Fran<;ais,” a comedy printed in 
 Paris. He also composed some pretty sacred pieces for the “ Soci6t<§ d’Amateurs.” 
 The writings of Quesnel are found in the first volume of the “ Repertoire National.” 
 He died in Montreal, 3rd July, 1809, at the age of about sixty years. 
 
430 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 WILLIAM HALES HINGSTON, M.D., 
 
 Is the sou of the late Lieutenant-Colonel Hingston, formerly in Her Majesty’s tooth 
 Regiment which came to this country to take part in the last American war, and 
 did much service. The Hingston. had been established in Ireland for centimes and 
 are allied with the Cotters of Cork, the elder Latouches of Dublin, and the Hales 
 family • and on the mother’s side to the old family of the Careys. When the number 
 of Regiments was reduced, after the close of the war, the 100th oecame the 99th, 
 and was only disbanded several years afterwards, when Colonel Hingston selected a 
 P ^tty spot on the banks of the Chateauguay River, near Huntingdon. There he 
 organized the Militia Force, Lord Dalhousie giving him command of the County of 
 Huntingdon ; and subsequently, Sir James Kempt, of the County of Beauharnois. 
 Th” wounds, however, he had received in action, especially one through the groin 
 at the battle of Chippewa, which had lamed him, terminated h.s life early, when the 
 subject of our notice -one of six children -was only eighteen months old. At 
 thirteen he was sent to the Montreal College, where at the end of h.s first year he 
 obtained the prize in every branch, carrying three first and two second, while h 
 chief opponent, the late Superior of the College, obtained the remaining two first and 
 three second. He afterwards spent a couple of years in studying Pharmacy wi 1 
 R W Rexford, when he entered upon the study of Medicine at M cGll| U nl '' ers, ‘ y ' 
 He graduated at the end of four years, and immediately left for Edinburgh, to 
 obtain the Surgeon’s diploma of that University ; and by practicing the most rig. 
 economy he succeeded in visiting England and Ireland also, and almost every country 
 in Europe spending the greater part of his time 111 the hospitals and bringing . 
 with him diplomas from Scotland, France, Prussia, Austria and Bavar,a ‘ “ 
 
 mhprshio of the Leopold Academy, purely honorary and given only to Authors, 
 t. e fi st ver o bla ned by a Canadian, Sir William Logan and T. Sterry Hunt 
 T a nJ he next recipients of the honor. He had almost made up his mind to settle 
 h! Edinburgh, as assistant to Professor Simpson, but yielded to the well-understood 
 
 wkhes of his mother and returned to Canada. . 
 
 Dr Hingston began the practice of his profession m the City of Montreal, 1. 
 l8 « takhtg up his residence in McGill street. Here his urbanity of manner h s 
 53 ’tnaHtv° promptitude, strict attention to the minutest details of his professi , 
 Shis uniform kindness and gentleness of disposition towards all, with his gen- 
 itv to the suffering poor, soon won for him the goodwill of those with w o 
 Te aL in ontact and eculed for him a rapidly extending practice. Cholera visited 
 ^ l and was most severely felt in Griffintown. Being the nearest 
 
 physician to that locality, the Doctor had abundant opportunity of minister g 
 
 thC 'ft :Ve h raSrwards, he removed into a house of his own in Bonaventure 
 streef Afterwards, he removed to Beaver Hall, where he resided until .87., "hen 
 he purchased a residence, corner of Union Avenue and St. Catherine stre • 
 house and the block have been pulled down to make room for Morgan s magm 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 431 
 
 store which now stands in their place. The Doctor has bought a house still higher up 
 in Sherbrooke street where he now resides. 
 
 Dr. Hingston has now occupied, for many years, a most prominent position in 
 Montreal, as a leading member of his profession —especially in surgery — his “ first 
 love, as the Canada Medical Journal states ; and having, at the present time, 
 besides a large City practice, one of the very largest consulting practices in Canada— 
 calling him frequently to visit outlying towns and cities, and not unfrequently to the 
 neighboring States. 
 
 Soon after beginning practice, Dr. Hingston received unsolicited, the appoint- 
 ment of Surgeon to the English-speaking department of the Hotel Dieu Hospital, 
 and has been unremitting in his attendance upon the suffering inmates of that excel- 
 lent institution, there he has had the largest field in this country for the exercise 
 of his calling, and has acquired a dexterity and precision in operating which is un- 
 usual. Many of the more difficult and hazardous operations in surgery have been 
 there introduced by him to the profession in Canada, such, for instance, as excision 
 of the knee-joint, acquired deformities, and the successful removal of the tongue and 
 lower jaw, at the same time. 
 
 though attached to no Medical School, Dr. Hingston has largely availed him- 
 self of the material at his disposal in the hospital for practically instructing the 
 medical students who attended it. Every day, for many years, clinical instruction 
 was given— the Doctor receiving no pecuniary reward therefrom. But as the young 
 gentlemen whom he instructed graduated in Medicine, and scattered themselves 
 over the country, they gave many evidences of their gratitude to, and confidence in 
 their generous instructor, and have largely assisted in building up his reputation. ’ 
 
 Again visiting Europe, in 1867, one of his masters, Professor ( afterwards Sir 
 James) Simpson, paid a high tribute to Canadian Surgery in the person of Doctor 
 Hingston by inviting him to perform a surgical operation of difficulty on one of his 
 (Sir James’) patients ; and on speaking of him, a few weeks afterwards, in a British 
 Medical Journal of the time, Sir James styles him “that distinguished American 
 Surgeon lately amongst us.” He should have said Canadian, but to this day we are 
 called American by the old country people. 
 
 As a graduate of McGill University he was one of a few gentlemen to organize 
 the McGill University Society, and to advocate and secure the appointment, from 
 among the graduates, of Convocation Fellows to the University. The late Hon. 
 Alexander Monis, Mr. Brown Chamberlin and himself were the first office-bearers 
 in the McGill University Society, a society founded chiefly for the purpose named; 
 but he alone, we believe, never occupied that position in the University he was 
 instrumental, in part, in obtaining for his fellow graduates. 
 
 When Bishop’s College Medical School was organized by the late Dr. Small- 
 wood and Dr. David, Dr. Hingston was named Professor of Surgery, and afterwards 
 Dean of Faculty, both of which, however, he was forced to resign as the duties were 
 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 He received the degree of D.C.L. 
 
 43 2 
 
 incompatible with his position at the Hospital. 
 
 from the University of Lennoxville in 1871. 
 
 When the Dominion Medical Association was formed, Dr. H.ngston was 
 appointed first Secretary for the Province of Quebec ; and a few years ago, he was 
 unanimously elected representative of the profession for the same Provmce .During 
 his connection with the Association he contributed several papers on medical sub- 
 
 JeCtS He was unanimously elected Governor of the College of Physicians and Sur- 
 „eons of Lower Canada, in the place of the late Dr. Smallwood. 
 k One of the founders of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, he has three 
 times held the position of Vice-President, and twice that of President, no small 
 honor in a city where the profession stands so high, and a fair indication, it may 
 be presumed, of the estimation in which he is held by his professional brethren; 
 while the unanimity with which he was called upon 10 accept, and apparently with 
 gr eat reluctance on his part, the Civic Chair by the members of h.s own profession 
 as well as by the public at large, is the best testimony that could be given of the 
 esteem in which he is held by all classes and conditions of the community. Ihe 
 boldness and frankness of the inaugural address of the new Mayor was of a char- 
 acter to call forth encomiums from the Press generally— the Witness speaking of it 
 as e emailing Gladstone’s efforts, in clothing the dryest material 111 poetic language. 
 
 The ease and elegance with which Dr. Hingston writes render it a matter of 
 reeret to medical readers that he does not contribute so frequently as formerly to the 
 Medical Press of the country. For several years, Dr. Hingston wrote largely. Morgan, 
 in his Bibliotheca Canadensis, mentions a dozen of papers from h.s pen, the more 
 important being on the state of medicine in Paris and Berlin ; and a series of papers 
 on the climate of Canada in its sanitary aspects. 1 his latter paper the Doctor, a 
 personal friend of the Author of this sketch and for many years h.s family physician, 
 wrote especially for The British American Reader , the first of the Authors books 
 introduced into Catholic and Protestant schools alike, and by School Act once the 
 basis of the Examination in Dictation, etc., of Candidates for school diplomas for the 
 Province of Quebec. As years have rolled on, however, and as professional duties 
 have been multiplied, Dr. Kingston’s efforts in that direction have been less frequent, 
 and of a more desultory character ; only being called forth in connection wit 1 some 
 
 circumstances or study of special interest. 
 
 He is a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, besides the 
 honorary titles of D.C.L. and M.L.A., and other lately acquired degrees and dis- 
 tinctions Dr. Hingston has received at the hands of Universities and Societies every 
 honor it was possible to confer. The British Medical Association, the American 
 Medical Association and the State Societies of New York, Massachusetts, and Michi- 
 gan elected him to honorary membership. Dr. Hingston married, 111 1875, Margaret, 
 daughter of the Hon. D. A. Macdonald, then Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, and 
 has four sons and one daughter. 
 
JUDGE DKLORIMIER. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 433 
 
 HON. JUDGE DeLORIMIER, LL-D. 
 
 Charles Chamilly DeLorimier was born September 13, 1842, at Dubuque, 
 Iowa, U.S.A. His father was J. B. Chamilly DeLorimier, advocate of Montreal, and 
 his mother, Rachel Cadieux de Courville. He was educated at the Jesuits College 
 of St. Mary’s. Even when a young student he showed signs of his love of literature 
 by composing a very interesting brochure entitled, “Three Days’ Fete at St. Mary’s 
 College.” He afterwards studied Law under Maximilien Bibaud and Achille Bell, 
 advocates. During his curriculum Judge DeLorimier was elected President of the 
 Catholic Union for the academic year 1861-62. He was made delegate to repre- 
 sent this Society in the Catholic Congress held at Quebec in 1880. He was admitted 
 to the Bar, September 4th, 1865, and practised with his brother, T. C. DeLorimier ; 
 then with D. Girouard, Q.C., M.P. for Jacques Cartier County. Judge DeLorimier 
 was elected a member of the Council of the Bar in 1878, and appointed one of the 
 Examiners lor the District of Montreal, and occupied for three successive sessions the 
 high distinction of Syndic of the Bar of Montreal. It was when he was thus honored 
 that he was instrumental in reforming the condition of the bailiffs. He was the 
 chief one in getting this profession recognised as a Corporation, and went to 
 plead their cause before the Legislature at Quebec. This important step resulted in 
 this body of men now having an Act of Incorporation and Bye-laws to govern them- 
 selves. 
 
 He was one of the founders of La Thenis , a public review, from 1879 to 1884 
 along with the late Hon. T. J. J. Loranger, fudge. 
 
 His principal work was commenced in 1870, and entitled “ Bibliotheque de 
 Code Civil.” This great undertaking consisted of eighteen volumes, and is found in 
 every library of any advocate of importance. Another important work is his “ Cours 
 de Droit Criminel.” 
 
 From 1873 to 1875, filled the situation of Crown Prosecutor for the District 
 of Terrebonne. He was created a Q.C., September 12, 1879, by the Quebec Govern- 
 ment, and also October 3, 1882, by the Dominion Government of Canada. He was 
 Professor of Criminal Law in Laval University in 1880, and in 1882 it conferred on 
 him the title of LL.D., Doctor of Laws. In 1886, he was named “Procureur” of 
 the “Credit Fonder.” On the 15th April, 1889, he was raised to the high honor of 
 being appointed a Judge of the Superior Court of the Province of Quebec, and the 
 choice never fell on one more suitable and more capable, or on one who knew more 
 of Law in all its phases and departments. 
 
 In 1865, the Judge married Delle. St. Jean, of Montreal, and has four children 
 living. 
 
434 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 HON. LOUIS BEAUBIEN. 
 
 The subject of this sketch is the son of the late Pierre Beaubien, Esq., M.D., and is 
 descended from Trottier de Beaubien, who came to Canada from Perche, France, m 
 i6<;o. He was born in 1837, and was educated at St. Sulpice College of this city. 
 He entered public life in 1867, being returned for Hochelaga County in the Legis- 
 lative Assembly, which he represented up to 1885. He was also elected to tie 
 House of Commons in 1872, which seat he held until 1874, when dual representation 
 was abolished. He was Speaker of the Legislative Assembly from 1876 to 1878 
 He has to a great extent devoted himself to agriculture and improving the breed of 
 cattle and horses in the Province, and to this end has succeeded in establishing a fine 
 stud farm called the “ H arras National.” He was an active promoter of the 
 Montreal Colonization Railway, and was vice-president of the same. 1 he Laurentides 
 Railway also received great assistance from him. He has served m the \ olunteers, 
 and held the rank of Captain in the old Chasseurs Canadiens, now the 65th Bat- 
 talion. Mr. Beaubien has had long experience as a legislator, and is looked upon as 
 a safe man. He is a fair speaker, and an authority 011 Agriculture. He married, 111 
 1864, Susanne Lauretta, daughter of the late Hon. Justice Stuart, of Quebec. He is 
 now in the Cabinet of the Province, since the dismissal of the Mercier Government 
 in December last, as Minister of Agriculture. Mr. Beaubien has done a good dea , 
 not only for the agriculture of his country, but in many other ways, and his career 
 is not without results already shown of his competency and ability. 
 
 F. M. LEPAILLEUR. 
 
 The following sketch is taken from an interview with Mr. Lepailleur some short time 
 before his death. He says : “ I was born at Boucherville, but had been a resident or 
 some years at Chateauguay, when the Insurrection broke out. During 1837 nothing 
 of any importance took place in that locality. In 1838, however, the inhabitants 
 were much moved by what had taken place elsewhere, and decided to take a hand 
 in the movement which in our eyes solely tended towards securing the independence 
 of the country. Those who were most active in organizing m our loca ity were 
 Cardinal, Duquette, Dr. Newcombe and Jos. Dumouchel. I was unwilling at first to 
 mix in the affair, but when I was told we would receive assistance from the United 
 States I went in with the others. Previous to this I had assisted Cardinal and Di. 
 Robert Nelson in escaping to the United States. When the former returned we began 
 meeting in small numbers in secret, and finally some two hundred of the inhabitant 
 of the place had been initiated. Things went on quietly enough until the first days 
 of November, when we were informed by Cardinal and Duquette l lat t ley ia 
 ordered by Mr. John Macdonald, a lawyer in Montreal, who was looked upon as 1 
 head centre, that we were to march to Caughnawaga and there receive arms from the 
 Indians. On the evening of November 3, some two hundred of us met y appom 
 ment at the Church door, many of us armed, but the majority unarmed. It was about 
 nine o’clock when we started to cover a distance of about six miles. \\ e ma 
 
 
GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL. 
 
 435 
 
 slow progress; the roads were very muddy and we were in no particular hurry 
 i cnvards the dawn of day we halted at the outskirts of the wood, just outside the 
 * a ° e ‘ ^ appears that Cardinal and Duquette had received a promise from Mr. 
 eorge DeLorimier, a resident of the place, that they would receive assistance in the 
 way of aims, etc. Our intention was to then march back to Beauharnois and there 
 join the Patriots. Cardinal, Duquette and Newcombe left us in the wood and went 
 into the village to confer with DeLorimier. They were a longtime away, and I began 
 to grow suspicious that all was not as we expected. Some of the men began disper- 
 sing, and Cardinal and Duquette said that they had been led into a trap, and they 
 escaped along the riverfront. DeLorimier and some of his friends had given the 
 alarm, and the whole body of Indians, some two hundred strong, were preparing to 
 make us prisoners. We did not expect a fight and consequently did not prepare°for 
 it. I was standing near the old Chapel on the Chateauguay road, quite near to the 
 village, when I saw DeLorimier coming towards me with a large number of armed 
 Indians. As he came up, I said : < Where is Cardinal and Duquette ? ’ ‘ I did not 
 
 see them,’ he replied, and then he added, ‘yes, they were at my place, but they are 
 gone.’ While this conversation was going on, I saw that we were being surrounded. 
 I was armed with two revolvers, but did not attempt to use them. My friends 
 wanted to fire, but I prevented them, and we were all made prisoners. I received a 
 slight scratch on the hand, caused by one of the Indians, but nothing more. No 
 shots were fired and no one was injured. 
 
 “ We had fallen into a trap which had evidently been prepared before hand. 
 We were taken to the village under this strong escort and thence crossed over 
 to Lachine in boats. Here about one hundred armed men surrounded us, and 
 the march into the city was commenced. The roads were very bad and we were all 
 covered with mud, and many were nearly exhausted for want of rest and nourishment. 
 No demonstration took place along the road ; but in the city a large crowd followed 
 us, flinging epithets which were not very complimentary. The word ‘ rebels ’ sounded 
 over all. It was two o’clock when we reached the gaol (the present one), and I was 
 the first to enter it. Our feelings can better be imagined than portrayed. Our 
 names were taken and food was given us. We remained for a couple of days 
 together, but after that we were confined to the cells and saw very little of each 
 other. It was ten o’clock that night when Cardinal and Duquette were brought in. 
 
 “ Four days later Sir John Colborne suspended the habeas corpus and proclaimed 
 martial law. On the 27th the court martial, composed of Major-General Clitherow 
 and fifteen officers, was constituted, and on the 28th the trials commenced. At nine 
 o clock on that day twelve of us were taken up for trial under strong guard to the 
 old Court House which stood on the square before the present Court House and 
 City Hall. Large crowds witnessed our arrival. The court room was small, and but 
 few uninterested spectators were admitted. The members of the Court sat around a 
 table and we stood in a corner of the room, twelve of us. Cardinal, Duquette 
 Thibert and myself among the number. The prosecution was carried on by Mr. IX 
 
43 6 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Mondelet Mr. C. D. Day, and Captain Muller, who were styled Judge-Advocates. 
 We were ’defended by Mr. Lewis T. Drummond and Mr. Pierre Moreau, whom we 
 had sent for The trials lasted several days. A large number of witnesses were 
 examined I did not attempt to disprove the facts alleged, but produced two wit- 
 nesses as to character. Proceedings were carried on in a summary manner. When the 
 trial was over we were brought back, and the next day we were told that we had all 
 been sentenced to death, and were called into the gaoler’s room, where the sentences 
 were read to us. Cardinal, Duquette, J. L. Thibert and myself, however, had not been 
 recommended to clemency, and therefore we did not expect to be commuted. We 
 therefore expected to die, but when? That was the great question. On Tuesday 
 afternoon, December 18, Cardinal was called into the gaoler’s quarters. You may 
 imagine with what intense interest we awaited his coming out. He returned in a few 
 minutes as calm as ever, and merely said : ‘ My friends, I expected it ; I am to die, 
 Friday.’ Poor young Duquette was next called in, and a moment later he 
 returned He had also been told to prepare for death on the same day. It was hard 
 for him to die while still so young, but he faced his dreadful fate with fortitude. My 
 anxiety continued. I was preparing to die, and was expecting to be informed of the 
 date every minute. The day passed, however, and I thought that the execution had 
 been postponed for a week, and that my turn would come on the following Friday. I 
 saw very little of poor Cardinal. He recommended to me his wife and children ; he 
 seemed to regret to die only on their account. Cardinal’s wife came often to see him, 
 and heartrending scenes followed. Duquette’s widowed mother was with him until 
 the eve of the execution. Those were sad days all, I can tell you. On the morning 
 fixed for the dual execution we awoke early. Rev. Father Labelle, Cure of Chateau- 
 V wh0 had prepared Cardinal and Duquette for the next world, celebrated Mass, 
 at which the whole twelve of us assisted and partook of Communion, after which I 
 retired to my cell after one last farewell to my friends. I saw them pass on their 
 march to the scaffold, shortly before eleven o’clock, accompanied by the priests and 
 the officers of the gaol ; that was the last time I saw them. I did not witness the 
 execution which took place in presence of a large crowd over the entrance to the 
 eaol Neither of them spoke. Cardinal died without a struggle, but poor Duquette 
 met with a terrible fate. The rope, it appears, had been badly adjusted, and when 
 he fell his face struck against the side of the scaffold and became covered with 
 blood ’ His agony was frightful ; he had to be launched by the hangman a second 
 time. I am not aware where his remains lie, but those of Cardinal I had removed 
 from' the old cemetery, Dominion Square, some years ago to Cote des Neiges ceme- 
 tery and over them now stands the monument erected to the memory of the Men of 
 Two days after the execution of my two friends, I was informed by Re\. 
 Abbe Quiblier, Superior of the Sulpicians, that I would be saved. I was never able 
 to ascertain by what influence this was done, but I have always suspected that my 
 „ 0 od angels were my two aunts, two cloistered nuns who spent sixty years of their 
 fives in The Hotel Dieu. Having been removed to another cell in the meantime I 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 437 
 
 was an unwilling witness of the executions of Robert, Hamelin, the two Sanguinets 
 and Decoigne, on January 18, and of Narbonne, Nicolas, Daunais, Hindelang and 
 DeLorimier, on February 12, following. 
 
 “ I will never forget those horrible sights as long as I live. The executions took 
 place on the prison wall over the entrance, and were witnessed by immense throngs. 
 I remained in prison until September 29, following, when with fiftv-seven others I 
 was placed on board of a sailing vessel, and left for Australia, to which country we 
 were transported. Our leaving our country with our families, helpless women and 
 children, was painful to a degree. We never knew when we would return. At Quebec 
 we were transported to a man-of-war, and then we proceeded on our long journey 
 to Sydney, New South Wales, where we landed. For the first two-and-a-half years 
 we were detained in a penal establishment, just outside of the city, and given hard, 
 work. Through the intervention of Mgr. Polding, Bishop of Sydney, with Sir John 
 Russell, we obtained our liberty, but were not free to return to Canada until two 
 years and-a-half later. All of us returned except two, one who had died and another 
 who settled in Australia. I arrived in Montreal on January 19, 1845, after having 
 gone through enough experience to satisfy any man.” 
 
 Some years later, Mr. Lepailleur married Cardinal’s widow, and was the means 
 of assisting in bringing up his family, and of thus carrying out his friend’s last wish. 
 The old gentleman died not long since, almost the last, if not the last, of the Patriots 
 of 1837-1838. 
 
 IION. JUDGE SANBORN. 
 
 The late Judge John Sewell Sanborn is better known in Sherbrooke than in Montreal. 
 He was an Advocate for twenty-five years in that city. The subject of this sketch 
 was born at Gilmonton, New Hampshire, U.S.A., 1st January, 1819. He then 
 studied at Dartmouth, graduating thence both B.A. in 1842 and M.A. in 1845. He 
 also received an M.A. from Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, in 1855. From the latter 
 College he was made, in 1873, a Doctor of Civil Law, D.C.L. Next year, he received 
 the honorary degree of LL.D. from his Alma Mater. 
 
 After Judge Sanborn left Dartmouth, he came to Sherbrooke, where he taught 
 as Principal of the Academy for three years ; meanwhile, studying Law with Mr. 
 Justice Short, finishing his studies with Messrs. A. & W. Robertson, of Montreal. 
 He was admitted to practice, January, 1847. When Judge Short died in 1874, Sir 
 John A. Macdonald, notwithstanding some political differences, at once raised Mr. 
 Sanborn to the Bench of the Superior Court. After a year, the Liberals, being in 
 power, transferred him to the Court of Queen’s Bench, where he remained to 
 his death. He died July 17th, 1877. So well liked was the Judge that, at his funeral, 
 no less than six judges were pall-bearers — Judges Monk, Badgley, Rainville (all 
 since deceased), Doherty, Johnson (now Sir Francis Johnson), and Berthelot. 
 
 He was twice married — first, in 1847, t0 Eleanor Hall Brooks, daughter of 
 Samuel Brooks, of Sherbrooke, who died in 1853 ; the second time, to N. Judson 
 Hazeltine, of Bradford, Mass., who also died December, 1874. 
 
43 § 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 A. A. LATOUR, M.D. 
 
 Dr. Latour was born at Lachine, 22nd December, 1842. His parents were 
 Andre Latour and Rose Delina Brunelle. He was educated at Lachine, after- 
 wards at St. Th6rese College— among the students with him was Hon. J. Alderic 
 Ouimet, now one of the Privy Council of Canada, and finally at St. Mary’s College, 
 Montreal. His medical studies were taken at McGill. In 1864, he matriculated, 
 then became a teacher at Lachine for some years. Returning to McGill, he passed 
 his primary examinations in 1870, and final in 1872 in Bishops College. After this 
 he went to the United States to practice, and in 1874-75 went to London, England, 
 and Paris, France, to attend the different hospitals. In the latter year he received 
 his diploma as Licentiate for the Province of Quebec, and began practicing in Mon- 
 treal same year. He was appointed in 1874 Demonstrator of Anatomy in Bishop s Col" 
 lege in place of Dr. Perrigo, resigned, which position he maintained till 1878. In 1880, 
 he returned to the United States, to Thompson, Conn. Iherehewas a member 
 of the Medical Society of Windham County. In 1888, he returned to Montreal, 
 Canada, for his health. Since his return he has practiced in the city, and resides on 
 St. Louis square. He married, in 1875, Miss Marie M. Robert of Cote des Neiges. 1 he 
 Doctor has an extensive practice, and is much thought of by his confreres. 
 
 CHARLES DESMARTEAU 
 
 Was born at Boucherville, 5th September, 1839. His father was Etienne Desmar- 
 teau, of the same place. He arrived in Montreal at the age of twenty years, and 
 began the business of a grocer. His was a very large establishment near the old 
 eastern boundary of Montreal. He prospered in this undertaking. In 1869, he was 
 elected to the City Council, to represent St. Mary’s Ward, and also was re-elected 
 by acclamation in 1872 as Alderman of the City to represent the same Ward. He 
 was a great promoter to extend St. Catherine street beyond the city limits, which 
 was accomplished in the annexation of Hochelaga to Montreal, and this street is 
 now running through the whole of that new adjunct to the City. He was once Dir- 
 ector of several Societies for the developing of Montreal, but latterly gave up his 
 civic duties as well as his store, and has directed himself to the profession of 
 Assignee and Accountant. He is one of the principal Assignees of Montreal, and 
 many estates are yearly placed by the Court in his hands to be wound up. 
 
 WILLIAM IRELAND. 
 
 He was born at Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1773, and came to Montreal in 
 1791, when eighteen years of age — a young Scot determined to push his fortune in 
 the New World. He became bookkeeper to Messrs. Forsythe, Richardson & Co., 
 and died in 1822 of paralysis. He had married Anastasia Genery. His son, called 
 after him, went to Kingston and died in 1879, leaving quite a number of sons and 
 daughters, all of whom are now in responsible positions. He had been for years 
 Chamberlain to the City of Kingston and Treasurer to Queen’s College, in which 
 office his son, grandson of the subject of our sketch, succeeded his father at his death. 
 
GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL, 
 
 439 
 
 REV. JAMES HENRY DIXON 
 
 Was born in Kildare, P.Q., on the 20th of June, 1843. His father, Lieut. John 
 Dixon, J.P., was one of the earliest settlers of the Township of Kildare, and took 
 an active part in church, school and municipal matters. His paternal grandfather 
 belonged to an old English family which furnished several soldiers to the country, 
 and which settled in Ireland many years ago, when marriage alliances were entered 
 into with an Irish family. Mr. Dixon was early destined for the Church, and con- 
 tinued his studies at Berthier and Bishop’s College Schools, of the latter of which 
 he is an undergraduate. He was ordained to the office of a Deacon by the Right 
 Reverend Dr. Oxenden, Bishop of Montreal, in the year 1870, and to the office of 
 a Priest by the same in 1871. His first charge was the Mission of Mille Isles, P.Q., 
 where he is still kindly remembered by the people. He next spent four years in 
 charge of Grenville, P.Q., where he had charge of a district now ministered to by 
 two additional clergymen. In 1876, Mr. Dixon was inducted into the charge of the 
 Rectorate of St. Jude’s, Montreal. Mr. Dixon has now held the position for sixteen 
 years, during which time he has seen the church property increased in value as a 
 result and blessing upon his efforts by at least $28,000. St. Jude’s Church has now 
 a seating capacity of nine hundred persons. The congregations are good, and the 
 attendance at the Sunday School, Band of Hope, and all the organizations of the 
 church large. The large number of five hundred families claim St. Jude’s. Since 
 Mr. Dixon’s incumbency, there have been changes in the Rectorate of all the Churches 
 of England in the city, with the exception of St. James the Apostle, St. John the 
 Evangelist’s, and St< Stephen’s, so that he is now the fourth in degree of seniority of 
 the Rectors of this city. He has been deeply interested in Temperance, and held 
 at one time the post of Secretary of the Diocesan Temperance Society. At the age 
 of twenty-one, Mr. Dixon married Miss Frances Jane Connolly, daughter of the late 
 James Connolly, Esq., of Clarenceville, P.Q., and of Margaret Crawford Adams. 
 Of the issue of this marriage, five children still live, one of whom is Dr. John C. 
 Dixon, Dentist, of this city, a young man destined to make his name known among 
 the Progressive Dentists of the day. 
 
 LEWIS JAMES SEARGEANT 
 
 Was born at Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England, and came first to America in 1874. 
 After along experience of railways in England, heca me to this country. He had 
 been connected with several of the largest, amongst them the South Wales. Upon 
 its amalgamation with the Great Western, Mr. Seargeant was handsomely rewarded 
 and appointed Superintendent of the South Wales Division. He then joined the 
 South Division as General Manager and Secretary. Being offered a lucrative appoint- 
 ment in India, he declined at the request of the North Western Company, and by 
 doing so was still further rewarded. He was the first appointed Traffic Manager 
 
440 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 on any railway on this Continent, and we are happy to state that Mr. Seargeant has 
 at last reached the goal of all his progression and advance, being now the General 
 Manager of the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada; and when we look back, as the 
 Author can, to the inception and progress of that Railway— its former Managers 
 Messrs. Blackwell and C. J. Brydges, and its late manager, Sir Joseph Hickson, and 
 all the various phases it has passed through, we may say that now our first Grand 
 (for its detractors cannot take away its name) Canadian Railway will progress more, 
 and in the twentieth century be a blessing to Canada. 
 
 Mr. Seargeant is a man of rather a commanding appearance, well cultured and 
 a good linguist— qualities very necessary in the head of a great establishment h e 
 the Grand Trunk. Besides these, he has written quite considerably on many subjects, 
 such as the “ Pool Question,” and an able “ Review on the English Railway System.” 
 Mr. Seargeant married Elizabeth Sedley Barnes, sister of the well-known physician 
 of London, England, Dr. Robert Barnes. 
 
 HUGH DAVID LUMSDEN 
 
 Was born at Belchelvie Lodge, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, 7 th September, 1844- His 
 father was the late Colonel Lumsden, C.B., and his mother, Hay Burnett. The 
 Lumsden family are conspicuous in the annals of Great Britain. He was educated at 
 Aberdeen, and, after his coming to Canada, joined the volunteers. He was 
 engineer in charge of the Toronto and Nipissing Railway, also of the Toronto, Grey 
 and Bruce Railway, and other works in Ontario. He has latterly been Engineei to 
 the Canadian Pacific Railway. Is a member of the Institute of Civil Engineers, 
 
 England. He married, October, 1885, Mary Frederica, only daughter of J. . • 
 
 Whitney, of Toronto, and now resides in Montreal. 
 
 ' JOSEPH VINCENT 
 
 Was born at Longueuil, 19th March, 1835. His father was Antoine Vincent, and 
 mother, Melanie Cere. He chose mechanics for his career, and after some years 
 entered into the opening up of a large foundry at Longueuil. After Confe uation, 
 he was appointed to a position in the Inland Revenue at Montreal, August, 18&7. 
 He passed a first-class examination, and, in 1877, was promoted to the Deputy Co - 
 lectorship. When the position of Collector became vacant in 1879, the subject o 
 our sketch was advanced to the office, and never was appointment made better than 
 in this case, “ the right man in the right place.” In 1880, he was elected Mayor o 
 the Town of Longueuil ; but could only accept the honor for one year, having to 
 attend to his Revenue duties, which were paramount of all honors and distinctions. 
 He married, November, 1858, Philomene Theroux, and he had the large family o 
 fifteen children. Mr. Vincent is a fine example of a self-made man, and by honest) 
 and push has raised himself to the position which he now enjoys. 
 
HON. SKNATOR ROU.ANI). 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 441 
 
 SENATOR ROLLAND 
 
 Was born at Vercheres, 2nd January, 1815. His father was Pierre Rolland and his 
 mother was Euphrasine Donais, of the Parish of Contrecoeur. His parents removed, 
 in his early childhood, to St. Hyacinthe, where the subject of this sketch was educated 
 in the Parish school. On April 1st, 1832, Mr. Rolland reached Montreal after a forty- 
 five miles tramp from St. Hyacinthe, on miserable roads, and crossing the Richelieu 
 River, when the ice was loose and very dangerous. When he arrived in Montreal, 
 he knew not a living soul in the place, and, faint and weary, he applied for a situation 
 of any kind or for information what to do, at a house in St. Vincent street, the 
 property which he afterwards bought, and which is now the well-known house of 
 J. B. Rolland & Fils. Not long after he entered the office of La Minerve as an 
 apprentice, and remained there till he became of age. After this he worked as a 
 journeyman for four years. For the next few years he went into the job printing 
 business with John Thompson, the firm being then called Rolland & Thompson. 
 Since 1842, to his death, Mr. Rolland was in the book and printing business, and to 
 help the cause of education he printed several school books. And here I must 
 state that no man was more anxious to edit and bring out the work of provincial 
 authors than the late Mr. Rolland, He published at his own expense, for the Author 
 of this work, his Canadian Geography — a little manual, the first school book of Can- 
 adian Geography published after the Confederation. It was well received, as it 
 spoke of all the changes which the new Dominion involved. 
 
 During years past Mr. Rolland let his sons, associated with him in the 
 business, manage the ever-increasing concern of their large store. He devoted him- 
 self to house building, of which many now can testify to his ambition to extend the 
 boundaries of his adopted city. After a most trying and energetic life, he was raised 
 to the high honor of being nominated one of the Senators of Canada ; but did not live 
 long to enjoy the position. He died universally lamented on the 22nd March, 1888. 
 
 His sons are the sole agents for the Rolland Paper Company of St. Jerome. 
 This immense mill, one of the finest in Canada, was erected to supply a great demand 
 for home paper, and ever since it has been running continuously in giving to Can- 
 adians as fine a commercial paper as can be procured in Canada. This house 
 was established in the year 1842 by their father, the late Senator Rolland, and since 
 that date has prospered in a marked degree ; the energy and ability, coupled with 
 the intimate knowledge of all the details connected with the trade possessed by the 
 partners having had their due effect. But it must be noticed here that, especially to 
 Mr. J. B. Rolland, who for years has had the entire management of the works, is 
 due much of its prosperity and wonderful growth. He is here the right man in the 
 right place. The mills of this company are located in the picturesque village of St. 
 Jerome, and are among the best of their kind in the Dominion, and ihey are the 
 only manufacturers in Canada of tub-sized and loft dried papers, linens, book papers, 
 etc. The members of the firm are well and favorably known in commercial circles 
 in Montreal as men of great business ability and foresight, thoroughly cognizant of 
 
442 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 all that pertains to their trade, and always interested in anything that goes on for the 
 benefit of the city and its commerce. The eldest son, Damien Rolland, has 
 been in the Council — first, of Hochelaga, and then in Montreal latterly as 
 Chairman of the important Committee of Finance for the long period of twenty years. 
 He is one of the best known of our Aldermen, and well liked by the English portion. 
 Having lost his election in Hochelaga lately, through the influence of the Labor 
 League, he has been unanimously elected by the richest and most influential section 
 of the city, the St. Antoine Ward, to take the place of Alderman Shorey, resigned. 
 The other sons, Octavien Rolland and Damasien Rolland, are also associated in the 
 immense business of the firm. 
 
 HON. HENRI F. RAINVILLE, LL.B. 
 
 The late Judge was brother to H. B. Rainville, whose sketch is found at page 151 of 
 this Gazetteer. He was born at St. Marie de Monnoir, County of Rouville, 16th 
 December, 1839. His father was Jos. Felix Rainville: his mother, Marie Louise 
 Daigneau. He was educated at St. Hyacinthe College. His legal studies were 
 made in Laval, of which Institution he was LL.B. After his studies, newas admitted 
 to the Bar in 1862. He practised in Montreal till called to the Bench of the Superior 
 Court in February, 1876, occasioned by the death of Mr. Justice J. U. Beaudry. 
 Before this, he had been Professor of Real Estate Law in McGill University. He 
 married, in 1867, Helene Herminie, daughter of the late Gustave Drolet, of Montreal. 
 She died in 1872. Judge Rainville, for a year or two before his death, did not enjoy 
 good health. He went to Paris in search of it, after being retired from the Bench, 
 but died there last year. He was a man of clear and correct judgment, and had a 
 keen perception of all points of Law. 
 
 LOUIS BOYER. 
 
 He was born in Montreal, 30th November, 1793. His father was Francois Bo>ei, 
 and his mother, Josette Boutone. He commenced life as a mason, and was one of 
 the contractors of the Rideau Canal, also of the Penitentiary of Kingston. Attentive 
 to his work and persevering in all the details of such large undertakings as the above, 
 with many others, he soon acquired a fortune of over a million dollais. He acquiied 
 immense properties of land near Montreal and in the centre of the village of Lachine 
 and other places. 
 
 On 14th July, 1836, he married Mile. Aurelie Mignault de St. Denis. She was 
 a niece of the well-known Cure, M. Mignault. He had three sons and two daughters. 
 Two short sketches of two of the sons are given elsewhere. His daughters were 
 Madame Auguste Amor and Madame Horace Baby. He died 21st December, 1870. 
 He had been one of the Directors of La Banque Jacques Cartier. His charitable 
 character is seen in his leaving $4,000 in perpetuity to give bread to the poor. 
 He was an intimate friend of L. J. Papineau, Sir L. Lafontaine, A. N. Morin, an 
 other well-known names in Canadian history. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 443 
 
 GUSTAVE ADOLPHE DROLET, Chkvalier, 
 
 Was born at St. Pie, County of Bagot, February, 1844. His father was Charles 
 Drolet, of that place. He is the grandson of J. T. Drolet, the Seigneur of the large 
 and beautiful Seigniory of St. Marc, and who played an important part in 1837, and 
 was for many years representative to the House of Assembly for the County of Ver- 
 ch£res. 
 
 Mr. Drolet was educated in the College of St. Hyacinthe and then at Terre- 
 bonne (Masson College). He studied Law at St. John dTberville with the Honorable 
 C. J. Laberge, and was admitted to the practice of the Law in 1867. He then enrolled 
 as one of the Pontifical Zouaves, and whilst at Rome was the correspondent of the 
 Muierve . He has refused several times to be a member of either the Federal or 
 Local Parliaments. He has written several marked articles in the Canadian Press, 
 and was for two years following, the President of the il L’Union Allet.” 
 
 Mr. Drolet visited, whilst travelling in Europe and Asia, among other places 
 Athens, Malta, Paris, Andros, Smyrna, Ephesus and Constantinople. 
 
 He and his co-partners, Messrs. Aldermen David and Rivard, late Mayor, imbued 
 with a desire of improving the northwest section of the city, bought, some years ago, 
 the farm 4< Comte,” and, in one year, 1874, more than one hundred houses were 
 built on the lots which were sold from this purchase. They also built in Drolet 
 street a number of cottages (forty-five), forming a beautiful terrace which they have 
 named “ Place Comte ” in remembrance of the original proprietor. These houses 
 were just the kind wanted in Montreal, the rents averaging from $160 to $200 per 
 annum, and containing all improvements, and situated in one of the pleasantest and 
 healthiest places in the city. Every one who thus extends and builds healthy and 
 agreeable but cheap and compact houses for the middle classes, is indeed benefiting 
 the city, and deserves the thanks of all interested for the good work. There is 
 perhaps not a better spot for the erection of houses than in the finely located ground 
 above Sherbrooke street east. The view is here magnificent, stretching away down 
 the river and across the country, bounded by the blue mountains of St. Hilaire or 
 Belceil beyond. Mr. Drolet resided for some years past in Paris, but he returned 
 to Montreal, where he now lives. 
 
 JOHN McDOUGALL 
 
 Was one of the self-made and prosperous men of Montreal. Proprietor of the 
 Caledonia Foundry. He is a native of Berwickshire, Scotland, and was born in 1826. 
 He came to Canada in 1832 with his parents, and received an ordinary English 
 education, such as what was given in those days. He started the Caledonia 
 Foundry in 1854, and from a small beginning the establishment now covers between 
 three and four acres in extent. He does a great deal of work for the different lines 
 of railroad coming into Montreal. His work generally is heavy machinery, large 
 steam engines and boilers, also saw and grist mills, and the complicated machinery 
 used in sugar manufactories. Mr. McDougall has ever borne the name of being a 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 444 
 
 generous and straightforward gentleman. Knowing the advantage of first-class educa- 
 tion, he has given his children the advantages of the best institutions both in and out 
 of Montreal. What he has accumulated has been by his own innate industry, 
 which like virtue always brings its own reward. 
 
 HON. D. B. VIGER 
 
 Was born in Montreal, August 19, 1774- After having completed his studies, he 
 entered the office of L. C. Foucher, Parliamentary Representative for Montreal and 
 Solicitor General. His first writings were in the Gazette of Montreal. In this cor- 
 respondence Mr. Viger vigorously defended the citizens. He was only eighteen 
 years old at the time. He then went to Quebec to complete his studies under J. A. 
 Panet, and was admitted to the Bar, March 9, 1799. All at once a popular star 
 arose for the advantage of the French Canadians, and he so advocated their just 
 rights that he was elected to represent the Fast Division of Montreal in 1808. The 
 same year his cousin, L. J. Papineau, was elected for the County of Kent, now no 
 more "seen on the map of Canada. Let me now quote what I received seventeen 
 years ago regarding this election. It says, speaking of these two great names . 
 
 C’Staient deux nobles intelligences qui se levaient ensemble a l’horison de la 
 patrie. C’etaient deux mains puissantes qui venaient au secours de la liberte 
 menac^e.” In the administration of Governor Craig he was incarcerated, but 
 released in 1810. He represented then the County of Leincester, now wiped out 
 from Canadian Geography. He then represented the County of Kent from 1816 to 
 1830. Such a length of service that we may calculate on the results of his Parlia- 
 mentary career in the twenty years his constituents reposed confidence in him. 
 
 In 1828, Mr. Viger chose Mr. Neilson and Mr. Cuvillier to go to England, 
 carrying with them the historical address of the Canadian people to the Throne of 
 Britain, and exposing the grievances of the administration of the Governor Dalhousie. 
 This wonderful petition had 80,000 signatures of the Canadian people, a vast num- 
 ber, considering all things and the census of the people at that time. It resulted, as 
 we all know, in the recall of Lord Dalhousie, and the granting of favorable terms to 
 the Parliament of Lower Canada. Mr. Viger was raised to the Higher Court of 
 Parliament by Governor Sir James Kempt. He took part in the troubles of 1837-38, 
 and was thrown into prison. His papers were confiscated, and he was subjected to 
 every indignity. 
 
 He had an eventful life during the times of 1837-38, and on till 1850, ever fore- 
 most in advancing the interests of his native country. 
 
 D. B. Viger stands out prominently as the Father of the Canadian Press of 
 Montreal. He founded the Spectator , he was connected with Minerve and the 
 I'Aurore des Canadas. He much aided the efforts of Ludger Duvernay. who was then 
 the proprietor of the Minerve. He was one of the founders of I'Ordre , and encour- 
 aged the publication of l' Echo of the Cabinet de Lecture. 
 
 Full of Christian generosity and Catholic Christianity, he died in 1861 at the 
 advanced age of eighty-six years and six months. We may well say in the words of a 
 contemporary historian : “ Sa mort a ete celle d’un vrai chretien.” Requiescat in pace. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 445 
 
 EDWARD A. ST. GEORGE HUGHES 
 
 Was born July 5, 1847, at St. Thergse. His father was Henry B. Hughes, Advocate 
 and Clerk of the Peace, and his mother’s name was Eliza Dumoulin. He was edu- 
 cated at Nicolet College, and admitted as a Notary in 1873, and called to the Bar 
 of Lower Canada in January, 1881. He first practised in partnership with Hon. J. 
 A. Ouimet, now one of the Privy Council of the Dominion of Canada. For two years 
 he was Deputy Clerk of the Peace and the Clerk for Licences for the City of Mon- 
 treal. He resigned these appointments to become Brigade-Major for No. 6 Military 
 District. He received a first-class certificate at the Military School of Quebec, be- 
 came then Major of the 65th Battalion in 1880, and in being appointed Brigade- 
 Major was made a Brevet Lieut.-Colonel. 
 
 When the North-West Rebellion broke out, he waved his rank of Lieut.- 
 Colonel, and went as major of his old corps to the front, which he commanded at 
 the engagements of Frenchmen’s Cut, May 28, 1885. He was recommended by 
 General Middleton to be a full Colonel for his actions then. He was appointed 
 Chief of Police for the City of Montreal, April 17, 1888. When he took the reins of 
 this most important office of the city in hand, there were 228 men of all ranks in the 
 strength of the Police Force, now by his exertions he has had it raised to the num- 
 ber of 320 with three new stations. He has also got the pay of the men increased 25 
 per cent, and has thoroughly reorganized the whole staff and departments. He is 
 now engaged on an important book on the duties of the constabulary. He was the 
 mainspring in preparing the rules and regulations of the Benefit Fund now in exist- 
 ence in the Force. 
 
 His greatgrandfather was a Caleb Hughes, who arrived in Montreal in 1825, 
 and who was transferred to what was then known as the Canadian Fencibles, for the 
 Chief has come of an old fighting military family. His grandfather was in the Eng- 
 lish army, the 78th Highlanders, and his uncle Cartright died at Lacolle in the War 
 of 1812. The Chief is a fine specimen of the old family, and to him can truly be 
 applied the nautical saying, he is “ a chip of the old block.” 
 
 REV. FATHER QUINLIVAN. 
 
 The vacant pastorate of St. Patrick’s Church has been filled, and filled by an appoint- 
 ment that seems most natural, and one that will doubtless be very welcome to the 
 parishioners of that Church. The successor of the late Father Dowd is the priest 
 who for a number of years has been connected with that Church as assistant, the 
 Rev. Father John Quinlivan. It is a name well known to the Irish Roman Catholics 
 of Montreal, and the reverend gentleman is recognized by all as a worthy successor 
 to the important charge left vacant by the death of Father Dowd. Rev. John Quinli- 
 van is an Upper Canadian by birth, and his youth was spent in that Province where 
 he received his early education. He pursued his classical studies in the School of 
 the Basilian Fathers, Toronto, which is a branch College of the Mother House of the 
 Fathers of St. Basil, an order established more than half a century ago at Lyons,. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 446 
 
 France. He graduated with high honors and then came to Montreal and entered 
 the Department of Philosophy of the Seminary of St. Sulpice. After completing his 
 studies there, he pursued for four years his theological studies in the Grand Seminary 
 and then went to Paris and entered the Seminary of St. Sulpice there, but poor 
 health compelled him to return to Montreal. Shortly after his return he was or- 
 dained bv Archbishop Fabre, and became one of the Professors at the Grand Semi- 
 nary on Sherbrooke street. His principal pastoral work has been in connection with 
 St Patrick’s Church over which he is now called to preside as Parish Priest. For 
 several years he was Father Dowd’s principal assistant, and was entrusted with a 
 large portion of the administration of the finances of the parish. It was in a measure 
 owing to his thorough knowledge of the parish work and its interests that he has 
 received his present important position. In speaking of Father Quinlivan, one of 
 his fellow-priests said : “ He is a thoroughly educated gentleman of a rather retiring 
 disposition. He is a close student, an indefatigable worker and an easy but convincing 
 speaker. He is a man worthy of the greatest confidence.” He fully appreciated the 
 sterling qualities of his predecessor, and, no doubt, he will walk closely m lus foot- 
 steps, and thus secure a continuation of the prosperous state in which Father Dowd 
 left the parish. Rev. Father Quinlivan is a man about forty-six years of age. He 
 is still in his prime, and, no doubt, many years of great usefulness are before him in 
 the broad field of labor which the parish of St. Patrick’s opens before him. 
 
 J. A. LABADIE, N.P., 
 
 Was born in Montreal, June 5, 1805. His father was Joseph Labadie, and his 
 mother, Marie Francome Desautels. When he was only seven years of age he 
 entered the College of Montreal. After two years he went for five years to the Col- 
 lege of St. Thomas at Vercheres, under the direction of Rev. Messire ' 1 . Kimber and 
 his uncle, Mr. Louis G. Labadie. In 1819, at fourteen, he returned to Montreal. His 
 parents wanted to make him a merchant and placed him in the care of the well-known 
 Austin Cuvillier, where he remained about two months. His desire being seen that 
 he wished to be a notary, he was placed in the charge of J. M. Cadieux, a very dis- 
 tinguished notary of the city at that time, where he remained till he was nineteen 
 years old and had completed his curriculum. As he could not be, for his youth, 
 admitted to the profession for two years, Mr. Cadieux gave him full charge of the 
 office, in which he continued till June 25, 1826, when he was admitted to practice 
 the profession of a notary on his own account. He then went for a year to prac- 
 tice at Laprairie with Pierre Lanctot, but was requested by quite a number of clients 
 to come back to Montreal, which he did in 1827. His office was where the Banque 
 du Peuple now stands. During his life he was President of the old Chamber of 
 Notaries of Montreal ; also of the first Provincial Chamber. In 1837, he was arreste 
 as a political prisoner. Arrested in November, 1838, at the same time as Hon. Sir 
 L. H. Lafontaine, Hon. D. B. Viger and many others, he was detained m gao 
 for thirty-five days, and at last liberated on giving bail. He was also a Magis- 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 447 
 
 trate and Commissioner and a Lieut.-Colonel in the Militia. The Labadie 
 family have been notaries for generations. His son is a well-known notary of 
 Montreal, J. E. O. Labradie, one of the best and most reliable in the profession, 
 
 and the grandsons of this sketch are also notaries practicing in Montreal J. E. 
 
 O. Labadie, jun., and A. Labadie. Just before the death of the grandfather, a 
 few years ago, there were three generations of notaries all seen practicing in the 
 same office, near St. Lambert Hill — a very rare thing and an occurrence happen- 
 ing seldom in a century, No family has more identified themselves with the 
 City of Montreal in its advance and development than that of the family of 
 Labadie. It is an essential thing in real estate to have a notary fit and com- 
 petent to execute deeds and transfers, to write wills and last testaments; and in 
 all this the Labadie family is excelled by none. 
 
 BISHOP OXENDEN. 
 
 London, February 23rd, 1892. — “ Bishop Oxenden, late Bishop of Montreal and 
 Metropolitan of the Anglican Church in Canada, died in Biarritz yesterday.” Such 
 was the cablegram which arrived in Montreal a few days ago. 
 
 “ The deceased was born at Broome Park, near Canterbury, in 1808, and finished 
 his studies at University College, Oxford, taking his B.A. in 1831. Some three years 
 afterwards he was ordained Priest of the Anglican Church. He entered upon his 
 ministry with zeal and energy. From 1848 to 1869 he was the much-esteemed Rector 
 of Puckley-with-Pemington in the beautiful County of Kent. His ministrations here 
 won for him the love and respect of not only his own parishioners, but also those 
 who differed from the Established Church. In 1864, he was made an Honorary 
 Canon of Canterbury Cathedral. 
 
 “ The late Bishop Fulford, the first Metropolitan and Primate of Canada, having 
 died in the year 1869, the Anglican Synod of Canada after much deliberation chose 
 The Rev. Ashton Oxenden, of England, as his successor. Bishop Oxenden was 
 thereupon consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury and other Anglican 
 Bishops in Canterbury Cathedral with great ceremony. On his arrival in Canada 
 he energetically set to work to carry out the large and broad ideas of his predecessor, 
 in the developement and extension of the Anglican Church throughout the whole 
 Dominion. Never very strong, his physical powers soon gave way under the great 
 strain of his labors. The climate was also found to be, in winter, too much for his 
 delicate constitution, so that he was compelled, though reluctantly, after serving less 
 than ten years as Metropolitan to offer his resignation of his See, finding the fatigues 
 of the large diocese beyond his then failing strength. As the country at this time 
 was beginning to fill up with a large class of emigrants from England, the majority 
 of whom were of the Anglican faith, the labors of the Metropolitan were increased 
 in seeing after the interest of the Church in this region. Bishop Oxenden, therefore, 
 resigned in April, 1878, and returned to England. In May, 1879, was instituted 
 to the vicarage of St. Stephen, near Canterbury, where he has ministered up to the 
 time of his demise.” 
 
44 $ 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 R. J. DEVINS, 
 
 The late Mr. Devins had been connected with the drug business of this city most his of 
 life, and was one of its leading members. At one time he was the senior member of 
 
 he firm of Messrs. Devins & Bolton, a well-known firm next the Court House, Not e 
 
 Dame street. They were in business together in this stand for about ten years, sub- 
 sequent to which he continued it alone until about two years ago, when he gave up 
 the retail business and confined himself to the manufacture of specalt.es The 
 deceased was a widower, and had been boarding at the Grey Nunery, where he has 
 a sister— Sister Devins, one of the best known and highest ladies of this great estab- 
 lishment. 
 
 DR. DUGDALE. 
 
 « T T Dugdale was a native of Ireland. He was born at Claragara on Lake Garadise 
 in the County of Leitrim, in the year 1834. Early in the fifties the family emigrated 
 to Canada and settled in the City of Kingston. Dr. Dugdale was favored with the 
 early advantage of a superior education. For a time he was engaged ,n commercial 
 life/ Determining in favor of the medical profession, he entered the Queen s Uni- 
 versity, and in 1866 graduated in Medicine. Soon after he established himself in 
 Montreal, and for the last twenty-five years he has been practising his profession 
 here with ever-widening influence. For some years, in the early period of his pio- 
 fessional life, Dr. Dugdale held the position of medical officer of health for Montreal. 
 His fidelity in this department of duty was beyond all praise, doubtless saving thou- 
 sands of lives by his vigorous enforcement of sanitary regulations at a period when 
 but little attention was paid to the perils of zymotic diseases. 
 
 In his death Montreal has lost one of his most worthy, benevolent and, accord- 
 ing to his means, generous citizens. He was intimately associated with the Dominion 
 Square Methodist Church as a trustee, class leader and Sunday-school teacher, or 
 some years he had been in failing health, and his intimate friends feared that h.s 
 
 career might close at any time. , .. . nn 
 
 His fatal illness developed on December nth, 1891, the evening o owi g 
 address on the effects of alcohol on the stomach, at a Royal Templars’ entertainment 
 at the Assembly Rooms, Queen’s Hall, he being a member of that order, and he died 
 
 a few days ago. 
 
 WILLIAM STEWART. 
 
 This name figures in the annals of Old Montreal. He must have come to the city 
 about the time of the American war of Independence. He was a native of Glasgow 
 Scotland. He died December, 17S7, at sixty-four years of age. He lelt a w.do 
 named Isabella Cowan, who afterwards married Mr. William Hunter. One 0 
 daughters of this marriage afterwards became the wife of the late Sheri os on, 
 was married to him in 1814. She died in 1821. 
 
JUDGE WURTELE. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 449 
 
 MR. JUSTICE WURTELE 
 
 Was born at Quebec, 27th January, 1828. His father was Jonathan Wurtele, 
 Seignior of River David, and his mother Louisa Sophia Campbell, of a family well 
 known in Quebec. His paternal ancestors came from Strumfelbagh, a village in 
 Wurtemburg, distant a few miles from Stuttgart, and they can be traced up in 
 the church records to 1559. When he was an infant his father removed his family 
 to River David, in the County of Yamaska, where he spent his youth. He was 
 educated partly at the Quebec Classical School and High School, which was then 
 conducted by the Rev. Francis Lundy, D.C.L., afterwards Principal of McGill Col- 
 lege, and partly at home by a private tutor, Frederick B. Calvert, B.A., Aberdeen. 
 He owes his French education to Mr. Labont6, the then worthy Schoolmaster of 
 River David. He studied Law at Quebec under the Hon. Jean Chabot, M.P.P. 
 for Quebec, and afterwards a Judge of the Superior Court, and was called to the 
 Bar of Lower Canada on the 6th of August, 1850. Shortly after he was offered a 
 partnership by Henry Judah, Q.C., and practised with him at Montreal until 1852, 
 when the Trust and Loan Company of Canada agreed to advance $400,000 to the 
 sufferers by the great lire, and Mr. Judah was appointed the Solicitor and Mr. 
 Wurtele the Agent of the Company. He remained in this office until 1856, when 
 family affairs compelled him to remove to River David, where he resided until 1862. 
 During his residence at River David he was Mayor of the Parish, President of the 
 School Commission, a Justice of the Peace and Commissioner of the court of small 
 causes. He returned to Montreal in 1862, and was employed as Chief Clerk of the 
 Seigniorial Commission, of which Henry Judah, QC., was the Chief Commissioner, 
 until 1866. He was then associated by the Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, Q.C., in his firm, 
 and practised with him until 1868, when he formed a partnership with Frederick 
 T. Judah, Q.C., with whom he practised until 1878. He was himself appointed 
 Queen’s Counsel, 28th January, 1873. In 1878 he formed a partnership with Desir6 
 Girouard, Q.C., and practised with him until 1883. 
 
 Mr. Wurtele was appointed a Lecturer on Commercial Law in McGill Univer- 
 sity in 1867, and received the degree of B.C.L. in 1870; in 1871, he was appointed 
 Associate Professor of Commercial Law with the Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, Q.C., whose 
 professional engagements interfered with his lectures. In 1882 he received the degree 
 of D.C.L., and he afterwards resigned his professorship owning to his political 
 engagements, but on the reorganization of the faculty of Law, he accepted the chair 
 of the Law of Real Estate. 
 
 At the time of the agitation for the abolition of the Seigniorial tenure Mr. 
 Wurtele was appointed Secretary of the Association of Seigniors formed for co-oper- 
 ation to secure a fair indemnity, and he acted with Louis J. A. Papineau and the late 
 Col. T. E. Campbell, C.B., and the late Hon. John Pangman, as the Executive Com- 
 mittee of the Association. They employed as Counsel on behalf of the Seigniors 
 before the Legislature, Mr. Justice Dunkin and Mr. Justice Ramsay, and through 
 the efforts of these gentlemen and their own exertions, the Bill before the Legislature 
 to which they took exception was modified, and the Seigniorial Act of 1854, which did 
 
 29 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 45 ° 
 
 justice to both Seigniors and Censitaires, was passed. Subsequently they retained 
 and secured the services of the two above-named gentlemen, together with C. S. 
 Cherrier, Q.C., and Mr. Justice McKay, as Counsel for the Seigniors before the 
 Seigniorial Court. Mr. Wurtele is the last Lower Canadian Seignior who ren- 
 dered fealty and homage; having done so on the 3rd February, 1854, between 
 the hands of His Excellency Lieut.-General Rowan, Administrator of the Govern- 
 ment, and his act closes the register of fealty and homage for Lower Canada. 
 
 Mr. Wurtele represented for many years the County of Yamaska in the Legis- 
 lative Assembly of Quebec. He was first elected in 1875; then in 1878, after the 
 dismissal of the DeBoucherville Ministry ; then in 1881, and the last time by acclama- 
 tion on his appointment as Provincial Treasurer in 1882. He applied himself prin- 
 cipally to the work of legislation, and carried through many important amendments 
 to our laws, and he was for several sessions Chairman of the Committee on Private 
 Bills, and also Chairman of the Select Committee on the Municipal Code. 
 
 In 1880, he was sent to France by the Chapleau Ministry to negotiate a loan of 
 $4,000,000, which was required to continue the construction of the Railway on the 
 North Shore from Quebec to Ottawa, and completed the negotiation and returned to 
 Quebec in forty days. After the loan was voted by the Legislature he returned to 
 France to complete it, and at the same lime he organized the Credit Foncier Franco- 
 Canadien, which had considerable influence in effecting a reduction in the rate 
 of interest on loans on real estate, and introduced the system of repayment by 
 amortization, and has been a success, having now loans on real estate tor o\er 
 $6,500,000. As a recognition of his services in affording a new field for the invest- 
 ment of French capital, he was made an officer of Public Instruction m 1880, and 
 was awarded the Cross of an Officer of the Legion of Honor in 1882. He filled the 
 office of Provincial Treasurer during the years 1882 and 1883, and imposed the tax 
 on commercial corporations, of which the constitutionality was contested both in the 
 Legislative Assembly and in the Court, but was finally acknowledged by the Pthy 
 Council. In 1884, he was named Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, and occupied 
 the Chair until June, 1886. He rendered^ many decisions on questions of order and 
 on constitutional questions which ar^ referred to as authority. During his term of 
 office as Speaker he prepared a Manual of Parliamentary Procedure which has been 
 adopted for the use of the Assembly.] He was raised to the Bench of the Superior 
 Court for Lower Canada on the 28th June, 1886, and was first assigned to the District 
 of Ottawa, where he remained until November, 1888. His removal was much regret- 
 ted by the inhabitants of the district, and, their feelings were expressed by resolu- 
 tions of the Council of the Counties of Ottawa and Pontiac. He was removed to 
 Montreal, and in September, 1891, was appointed an Assistant Judge of the Court 
 of Queen’s Bench, in which he now sits. He has earned and holds a high position 
 in judicial circles. 
 
 Mr. Wurtele was married twice : the first time on the 7th January, 1854, to 
 Julia Nelson, daughter of the late Dr. Wolfred Nelson ; and the second time on t e 
 1st of June, 1875, to Sarah Braniff, daughter of the late Thomas Bramff of New 
 Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MON’l REAL. 
 
 45 1 
 
 HON. JUDGE RAMSAY. 
 
 'I'his name recalls one of the brightest minds that ever graced the Court of Queen’s 
 Bench in Montreal. He was distinguished for lucid opinion, clear judgment and a 
 keen sense of his position. No man ever sat on the Judiciary Bench of that Court 
 who displayed more knowledge of the Criminal Law than the late Judge Ramsay. 
 Vet, after having charged the Jury, as in more than one case in the memory of the 
 Author, clear and against the prisoner, that “ August Body ” going diametrically 
 opposite to the learned Judge’s charge, he must then have felt the glorious uncertainty 
 of the Law. The late Judge Ramsay was a writer of no mean repute. He is the 
 Author of the “ Digested Index to the Reported Cases in Lower Canada,” 1865, and 
 before that time of the “ Law Reporter or Journal of Jurisprudence,” 1854. These 
 works were, as they have been, destined to render immense service to the Advocates 
 of the Piovince of Quebec. In 1863, he published a work of great importance. It 
 was called “ Notes on the Law of Paris.” The result of this publication was in the 
 abrogation of no less than one hundred and forty-eight articles affecting the legisla- 
 tion of the Province in the old Statutes. After a busy and eventful life he died a few 
 years ago, full of honors and respect. 
 
 ALEXANDER JOHNSON, LL.D. 
 
 No man stands higher in Science and Literature than he who occupies this sketch. 
 McGill University may be proud of such a man as the Dean of the Faculty of Arts. 
 His past career has been one of wonderful progress, and we well remember, when as 
 a very young man he made his debut in McGill, how much was said of his mathe- 
 matical lore and reasoning powers. His honor list is as follows : he is an M.A. and 
 LL.D. of Dublin, honorary D.C.L. of the University of Bishop’s College, Lennox- 
 viHe, and a Fellow of the Royal Canadian Society. He is Senior Moderator (Gold 
 Medalist) in Mathematics and Physics in Dublin University, and formerly Classical 
 Scholar in Irinity College there. He is now Professor of Mathematics and Natural 
 Philosophy in McGill University, and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Vice-Principal 
 of that Institution. He was one of the original members of the Royal Society of 
 Canada, and has been President of Section III (Mathematics and Physics and 
 Chemistry). Dr. Johnson has contributed Mathematical and Physical Papers to 
 its Transactions, e.g. “A Symmetrical Investigation of the Curvature of Surfaces,” 
 and “ Tidal Observations in Canadian Waters.” 
 
 In 1884, when the British Association for the Advancement of Science met in 
 Montreal, he procured the appointment of a Committee of the Association on the 
 subject of Tidal Observations, of which he was made Chairman and Secretary. Sir 
 William Thomson, Professor J. Couch Adams (the discoverer of Neptune), and 
 Professor George Darwin were appointed a Corresponding Committee in England. 
 The direct object of the Committee was to persuade the Dominion Government to 
 undertake systematic Tidal Observations that would tend to lessen the dangers 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 45 2 
 
 of navigation in Canadian waters. Indirectly the results would benefit Science. 
 The Committee collected the evidence of Scientific men, and of Shipmasters and 
 others; was supported by the different Boards of Trade of the Dominion, more espe- 
 cially by the Board of Trade of Montreal, by petitions from the masters and officers 
 of ships, and by the Royal Society of Canada. After six years’ work (being re- 
 appointed year after year at the annual meeting of the British Association, Gieat 
 Britain), it was at length successful. The greater part of the work necessarily 
 devolved on the Chairman. The Tidal Observations are now being proceeded with, 
 and it is expected that their results will be very beneficial to navigation, as well of 
 scientific value. 
 
 HON. DOMINIQUE MONDELET 
 
 Was a member of the Special Council in 1838, then elected to the high office of 
 fudge of the Superior Court for the District of Three Rivers. He was born in 
 Montreal, and died in Three Rivers in 1863. He published in 1835 a book called 
 « Traite sur la politique coloniale du Bas-Canada.” 
 
 HON. J. A. BERTHELOT 
 
 Was born May 8, 1815, at St. Eustache. His father was Jos. Amable Berthelot, 
 Notary and his mother Dame Marie M. Hervieux. The Judge was only nine years 
 old when he began his Latin course, and he continued it to 1832, the curriculum 
 suddenly terminating on account of Cholera which visited the country that year. He 
 studied Law with Sir L. H. Lafontaine, and was admitted to the Bar in November, 
 i8t 6. In partnership with Mr. Lafontaine the firm practised till 1853, " ien r. 
 Lafontaine was appointed Chief-Justice for Lower Canada. Mr. Berthelot at once 
 entered into partnership with the late Sir George Cartier, and so continued till he was 
 raised to the Bench in 1859 as Assistant Judge. On the resignation of Judge Day, 
 he was made permanent Judge. He was twice Batonnier, in 1858 and 1859. In 1875, 
 the Pope appointed him Commander of the Order of St. Sylvestre. His old partner, 
 Sir L. H. Lafontaine, was the first person in Canada who had ever received tins lonor, 
 and who got it in 1853- After eighteen years of hard work Judge Berthelot was 
 superannuated and retired to private life. He has extensively trave e on i 
 Continent of Europe. Like the two Baronets who were his Law partners he was 
 connected with the Rebellion of 1837-38. He was one of a band of celebrated 
 names who figured as arrested in 1838, viz : Sir Louis H. Lafontaine D. I • 'gerai 
 Beau Viger, M. Papineau, brother of the Speaker, Dr. Lusignan, Mr. Tabre, lather 
 of the present Archbishop of Montreal, Mr. DeBoucherville and Dr. Perrault. Mr. 
 Berthelot demanded of the Governor General, Sir John Colborne, why ie was 
 arrested, received no answer, but in a few days after was told to leave the gao an go 
 home. The Judge is a well-preserved old gentleman, and we hope may e spare 
 yet for some years as the connecting link between the present generation and the 
 Patriots of 1837-1838. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 453 
 
 LIEUT.-COL. THEODORE LYMAN. 
 
 He is descended from Richard Lyman, who came from Ongar, England, in 1631. 
 He left Bristol for America in 1635. On arrival the colonists went through a 
 wilderness to Hartford, Conn., being two weeks on their journey. In a few years 
 they divided and went north and west. The immediate ancestors of Col. Lyman 
 settled in Northampton, Mass., where he was born (on the homestead bought from 
 the Indians) on 27th March, 1818. Col. Lyman came to Montreal in 1833. 
 
 Early in 1837 he joined the guard that patrolled the city at night, which eventually 
 became No. 1 Company Volunteer Rifles under Capt. P. E. Leclere, with Lewis 
 Moflatt as Lieut., and W. C. Meredith, as Ensign (now Chief Justice Sir W. C. 
 Meredith). From this Company many were selected to serve as officers in he 
 Ward Battalions. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Griffin, N.P., commanded the Battalion of Rifles, composed of three 
 Companies, with Mr. Eardley, as Adjutant, who had lately left the 66th Regiment, 
 and was considered the best drill in the city. The companies were drilled every day, 
 and it is not saying too much to slate that the Battalion attained a good degree of 
 discipl ine. In 1838, the Battalion was increased to five companies, and Mr. Lyman 
 was promoted to a “ non. com." On the organization of the Militia, in 1845, he was 
 appointed Senior Ensign in the Montreal Light Infantry under Lieut.-Col. Dyde, 
 and with Lieut. H. E. Montgomery enrolled a Company of fifty-five men. When, 
 for a second time, the reorganization of the Militia took place in 1847, he was pro- 
 moted to be 1st Lieut. A new Militia Law came into force on 1st August, 1855. 
 Lieut. Lyman waited on the Commander-in-Chief with a roll of sixty-four men, and 
 was gazetted, August 31st, 1855, as Captain of No. 1 Company, Montreal Rifles, 
 l he first Company organized under the new law, Lieut. Haldimand and Ensign J. E. 
 Mailhot being the other officers. 
 
 This Company became subsequently No. 1 Company of the 1st or Prince of 
 Wales Rifle Regiment of Canada. It is not too much to say that Captain Lyman’s 
 Company was a model Company, and furnished officers to many of the Companies 
 afterwards formed in the city. Three of its members obtained commissions in Her 
 Majesty s Army, while the Captain and Lieutenant declined corresponding positions 
 in the 100th Royal Canadian Regiment at its formation. We will now give an extract 
 from General Orders of November 20th, 1856 : — 
 
 “ And His Excellency, the Commander-in-Chief, is further pleased to direct that 
 the two Senior Captains of the Volunteer Companies in Montreal, Captain Theodore 
 Lyman and Captain John Fletcher, shall likewise be promoted to the rank of Major, 
 these officers having commenced the organization of a force in that city whose dis- 
 cipline and appearance are not excelled by any other Corps in the Province.” 
 
 He was appointed Assistant Quarter- Master General to the active Force, May 
 26th, i860. He was promoted to be Lieut.-Col. for special services in the Militia 
 under General Orders of May, 1861. January 18th, 1865, at the request of His 
 
454 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Excellency the Commander-In-Chief, he accepted the Chairmanship of the Board of 
 Examiners of Candidates for admission to the Military School of Instruction for tie 
 
 cth Military District sitting at Montreal. . 
 
 He served on the Brigade Staff as Assistant Quarter-master General in both 
 Fenian Raids, 1866 and 1870, and retired, retaining rank with the privilege of 
 wearing uniform, on January 28th, 1876. He was on the Staff of His Excellency the 
 Governor General, the Earl of Dufferin, at review on the Queen s Birthday, 24th 
 
 y 'ln the year 1841, under the leadership of the late Hon. John \ oung, he assisted 
 at the formation of the Mercantile Library Association, and for many years was one 
 of the Board of Directors, and as the Representative of the Board he handed over to 
 the “ Fraser Institute” the whole Library of some thousands of volumes of books, 
 pictures, and the marble bust of the late John Young, together with the sum of seven 
 thousand dollars ($7,000) in cash. He also assisted in the formation of the \ oung 
 Men’s Christian Association of Montreal, the first association formed m America. He 
 was also one of the founders of the Montreal Gymnasium, subsequently merged in 0 
 the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association. 
 
 MARIE FISSON. 
 
 This lady was the first Superioress of the “ Dames du Bon Pasteur,” and is known 
 under the name of Ste. Celeste. Four sisters of the Good Shepherd arrived in 
 Montreal, nth June, 1844, to found a house for their society. They came rom 
 Angers France. They are best known in Montreal as the community who have had 
 charge ’for nearly fifteen years of the Roman Catholic female prisoners ,n the 
 Women’s Jail, Fullum street. As their great work is, recovering the fallen among 
 their own sex. there are always a number of penitents in that Institution. e wor * 
 which they have done is indeed great, and in their Mother House on Sier roo 'e 
 street they have a Reformatory for girls which is of much use in a large city h 'e 
 Montreal. I will give the names of these first four sisters as two of their names are 
 English and two French : the mother, as I have said above, was Mane Fisson, an 
 
 the others names were Eliza Chaffaux, Alice Ward and M. Andrews. 
 
 REV. DAVID LINDSAY, M.A., 
 
 Was born in the City of London, England, 1 st February, 1821. His father was 
 James Lindsay, a merchant of that place ; his mother was Elizabeth hmcii. 
 Educated in London, he came to Canada in 1843, studied for the A mistry a 
 Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, and was ordained by Bishop Fulford in March, 1851. 
 First appointment was Frost Village, at that time the county town. I e a so 
 charge of Stukely. In 1862, Frost Village and Waterloo became one parish in 
 1874, he was appointed Rural Dean of the District of Bedford, and two ) ea,: > a e 
 Archdeacon. He has built churches at Frost Village, Stukely, Waterloo an u - 
 ford. He inaugurated missions, now prosperous stations, at Boscobel, Souti y an 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 455 
 
 other places. He has almost always been a member both of the Executive Com- 
 mittee of the Diocese and a Delegate to the Provincial Synod. No men deserve a 
 higher place in this Gazetteer than the Lindsays. They have ever, the two 
 brothers — the late Rev. Robert Lindsay, Rector of St. Thomas, and whose sketch is 
 given elsewhere in this Gazetteer, and the Archdeacon— his brother, tried to 
 develop the resources of their adopted country, religious, literary, dramatic and social. 
 
 ROSWELL C. LYMAN. 
 
 <l The subject of this sketch, Roswell Corse Lyman, son of the well-known Mr. Henry 
 Lyman, was born in Montreal, June 26, 1850. He was educated in the High 
 School of this city. In 1868, he entered the business of the then firm of Lymans, 
 Clare & Co., and became a partner in 1878, and at the time of his death was second 
 senior partner of the present firm of Lyman, Sons & Co. Mr. Lyman, however, by 
 no means confined his attention solely to business, employing his leisure hours in 
 promoting many useful and philanthropic objects. Especially was he interested in 
 promoting antiquarian and historic research, and possessed a large collection of 
 sketches which he had made of many of the old, interesting and historic buildings of 
 this City and Quebec. He was thus naturally a very active member of the Numis- 
 matic and Antiquarian Society, and was for some time one of the editing committee 
 of the Society’s Journal, the Canadian Antiquarian, to which he contributed a num- 
 ber of valuable and interesting papers, and in addition had for some years past been 
 the Treasurer of that Society. Several valuable articles from his pen upon historical 
 subjects were also contributed to the Dominion Illustrated , which, as well as all 
 other enterprises for the promotion of Canadian sentiment, could count upon his 
 support. He took a very warm interest in the movement for a closer union of the 
 Empire, and was one of the founders of the Imperial Federation League in Canada, 
 and had been since 1887 the Treasurer of the Montreal Branch and a Member of 
 the General Council of the League in Canada. He was a life member of the 
 Mechanics’ Institute, a member of the Art Association and the Young Men’s 
 Christian Association. Modest and retiring, generous to a fault, upright and con- 
 scientious in fulfilment of duty, patient in suffering, always thinking of others rather 
 than of himself, a true Christian and Patriot, he was beloved and honored by all 
 who really knew him. He died on the 22nd February, 1892, at the early age of 
 forty-two. His brother is the partner in the well-known legal firm of Dunlop & 
 Lyman.” 
 
 JOHN JAMES BROWNE 
 
 Was born in Quebec, October 12th, 1837. At the age of nineteen he commenced 
 his profession of an architect, and entered into four competitions with his seniors and 
 was successful, and since that time he has designed and superintended many of our 
 noble edifices which adorn not only our city but also other towns throughou the 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Dominion. He erected the Albert buildings, three banks, twenty-four markets and 
 there police stations, which are all great additions to our public buildings, five fire 
 stations, four churches, Stormont Cotton Mills, Cornwall, the foundry of William 
 Clendinneng, and eight monuments and tombs in the Roman Catholic Cemetery. 
 Mr Browne designed the Rectory for Christ Church Cathedral; for William Clen- 
 dinneng Esq., two warehouses ; a villa for A. F. Gault, Esq., and m Toronto, Ont, 
 
 a villa for John Gordon, Esq.; residence for W.P.Seybold ; a terrace of thirteen houses 
 for the Colonial B. & I. Association; five houses for Wm. Rodden, Esq. ; and four- 
 teen houses for Dr. O’Leary. Mr. Browne visited Europe four times, and travelled 
 throughout England, Scotland, Ireland, France and Germany, examining all the 
 ancient and modern buildings that were considered of any note, and gained a large 
 amount of valuable information which he could never have attained otherwise, hence 
 the success of his professional career. In December, 1867, he married a daughter 
 of the late Thomas Hay, Leith, Scotland. Perhaps no architect has erected so 
 many and various kinds of buildings as Mr. Browne, and being yet in the prime of 
 life, many important buildings in the future will be designed by him. 
 
 REV. SAMUEL MASSEY 
 
 Was born at Wincham, Cheshire, England, December, 1817. He was educated 111 
 Lostock Gralam. When a young man, for eight years he taught the public schools 
 of Helsly and Poynlon, in Cheshire. He was afterwards connected with the mission 
 work of the City of Manchester, and in 1853 came to Montreal, and has ever since 
 been engaged in many Christian enterprises. For eleven years he was Pastor of 
 Chaboillez Square and Inspector Street Church. During a long and busy life he has 
 been a great worker in the Temperance cause, and in religious literature he has ever 
 been one of our foremost Authors. The following have come from his fertile brain 
 and ,^1, “ A Voice to Christian Mothers,” “ Self-Improvement,” “ The Dying 
 Peer” “ Sir Henry Havelock,” “Jesus and the Poor,” “Papers for Young Men,” 
 “ The Black and Dark Nights,” “ Breakers Ahead,” “ What Went Ye Out for to 
 See? ” and others. He founded, with the late Dr. P. P. Carpenter, the first Sanitary 
 Association in Montreal. It did a splendid work in its day, cleaning yards and 
 lanes, and ventilating and improving the houses of the citizens. We all know what 
 an important department the Sanitary one is in the present Corporation of Montreal. 
 After many years of ministerial labor, Mr. Massey joined the Church of England, 
 and is now ministering in connection with the Church of St. James the Apostle, 
 Rev. Canon Ellegood, Rector. Rev. Mr. Massey married, in 1840, May 1 -ryer, daugh- 
 ter of Thomas Fryer, of Winnington. His son is favorably known, to the Volunteers 
 especially, as well as to the citizens at large of Montreal. Colonel Massey is one of 
 our most efficient officers of Volunteers, and the Regiment which he commands, the 
 6th Fusiliers, is one of the best disciplined and orderly bodies of men in all tie 
 Volunteer Register. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 457 
 
 REV. JOHN ALLAN 
 
 Was born at Aberdeen, Scotland, September 6th, 1813. After having gone through 
 his school course, he left Aberdeen at seventeen, for London, England, where for 
 some time he was engaged in commercial pursuits. This did not agree with his 
 studious nature, and he entered King’s College, London. After his college curri- 
 culum, he taught for some years a school in Wales. In March, 1847, was 
 appointed to the Head Mastership of the “ Holy Trinity School,” Birkenhead, Eng- 
 land, a position which he held for nearly ten years. He also engaged in private 
 tuition, preparing the sons of gentlemen for their final examinations for the Army and 
 Navy, besides giving lectures. In September, 1856, he determined to enter into 
 u Holy Orders,” becoming a student in Theology at the Thoelogical College of 
 St. Bees, in Cumberland. When he had finished his curriculum in this institution he 
 sailed for Canada and went direct to London, Canada West. On the 29th Septem- 
 ber, 1858, he was ordained Deacon by the late Bishop Cronyn. While officiating in 
 London, the Reformatory Prison for Lower Canada was established at Isle aux 
 Noix, and Mr. Allan was appointed in November, 1858, Protestant Chaplain. In 1861, 
 the Fort at “ Isle aux Noix ” was required for military purposes, and the Prison was 
 removed to St. Vincent de Paul. At Confederation, 1867, it was transferred by 
 the old Government of Canada to the new Province of Quebec, and Mr. Allan was 
 left undisturbed until the removal of the Reformatory Boys on 16th January, 1873, 
 from St. Vincent de Paul to the new Institution, conducted by the Belgian Brothers 
 on Mignonne Street, Montreal. Prior to the removal of the prisoners the Dominion 
 Government had acquired the ground and buildings from the Government for a 
 Penitentiary for the Province. In May, 1873, Mr. Allan was appointed Protestant 
 Chaplain of this new Institution, and on May 21, 1873, the Penitentiary was opened 
 by the arrival from Kingston of 119 convicts. In addition to his prison duties he 
 also undertook other work at the request of the Bishop. The subject of our sketch 
 was very fond of gardening, and to this he devoted all the spare time he had. He 
 married July 23, 1844, Miss Jane Oakden, and had seven children, one of his sons 
 being a clergyman in London, England. Mrs. Allan died August 30, 1876, in the 
 fifty-ninth year of her age. On September 18, 1880, Mr. Allan married a second 
 time, Miss Isabella T. Young, who died May 30, 1889. Mr. Allan died on the 
 29th September, 1889. A work which might fairly be considered his life work 
 would have appeared in a few months, had his life been spared, which was to prove 
 the authenticity of the Scriptures by means of the two great witnesses in heaven, 
 “ The Sun and the Moon.” This work, so far as it had gone, and it was well 
 advanced, had the unqualified approval of the Archbishop of Canterbury, together 
 with an expression from the Archbishop of his willingness to assist him by every 
 means in his power. It is to be hoped that some one of his children, and if not 
 them, some publishing house or society will publish the above work, that it may 
 be given to the world. 
 
4 jg GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 HON. JUDGE TAIT. 
 
 This well-known Judge was born at Melbourne, Quebec, 20th May, 1842, hence Ins 
 baptismal name— Melbourne McTaggart. His father was the late Thomas Tail, who 
 settled in that Township as early as 1834, and who afterwards became one of the 
 leading men of the place— indeed, throughout the Eastern Townships. The subject 
 of our sketch was educated in St. Francis College. In 1859, he began the study of 
 Law in Montreal in the office of Bethune & Dunkin ; the latter, afterwards, being 
 Judge of the Superior Court and one of the Privy Council of Canada. He also then 
 attended the Lectures on Law in that Faculty in McGill College, and after an excel- 
 lent curriculum graduated B.C.L. in 1862. He was admitted to the Bar in June, 1863, 
 and immediately commenced practice with the Hon. Mr. *Vebb, Q.C., in his native 
 place. In 1870, he removed to Montreal, and became a partner with Hon. J. J. C. 
 Abbott, Q.C., now Premier of Canada. Some years ago the senior partner, Mr. 
 Abbott, retired from the firm, and Mr. Tait was then its practical head. In 1882, he 
 was made a Queen’s Counsellor, and was for years the Treasurer of the Bar of 
 Montreal. Amidst all his engagements he had time to devote a little to military 
 work. In 1864, he took a first-class certificate in Quebec at the Military School ; was 
 Lieutenant of one of the Companies of the 54th Battalion when it was called out on 
 the occasion of the Fenian troubles. Afterwards he became Captain, and retired when 
 he removed to Montreal. After many successful years as a member of the Bar of 
 Montreal, he was raised to the high position which he now holds a Judge of the 
 Superior Court of the Province of Quebec. 
 
 In 1863, Judge Tait married Monica, daughter of the late J. S. Holmes, of 
 Montreal, who dying in Kingston, in 1876, he again married, in 1878, Miss Kaign, of 
 Newport, R. I., United States. J udge Tait commands a great amount of esteem from 
 his confreres on the Bench as well as from the Bar in general, and is an example how 
 men can succeed if they are determined honestly to do so. 
 
 J. B. MCCONNELL, M.D., 
 
 Was born 28th August, 1851, at Chatham, County of Argenteuil. His father was a 
 successful farmer of that place ; and his mother, Martha Jane Bradford, daughter of 
 Rev. Richard Bradford, who was the first English Church minister at Chatham. This 
 Clergyman had a rather remarkable career. He was once in New \ ork (in 1782) 
 engaged in business. He then came to Canada as a United Empire Loyalist, and in 
 the War of 1812 was Chaplain to the 49th Regiment. Afterwards he built a fine 
 house on the Ottawa, and at this time owned nearly the whole Township of Chatham 
 — 12 miles square. He went with the celebrated Captain Cook in one of his voyages 
 around the world; afterwards studied with Rev. Mr. Jeffreys, whose daughter he 
 married, and entered the Church of England. He had a large family of children, 
 the youngest daughter married Rev. Joseph Abbott, whose son is now the Premier 
 of Canada. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL 
 
 459 
 
 John Bradford McConnell, the subject of our sketch, entered McGill College in 
 1869, and graduated in 1873. In 1871, he went through the Military School, and was 
 appointed Lieutenant to the nth Battalion of Argenteuil Rangers. For eight years 
 he was Surgeon to the Prince of Wales Rifles. He has been engaged in Bishop’s Col- 
 lege for several years past. He is a valued writer on Medical Science. He married, 
 in 1 875, Theodora Lovell, daughter of Robert Miller, who is now one of our oldest 
 and best known citizens, and whose short sketch appears in this Gazetteer. 
 
 J. D. LAWLOR 
 
 Was born in the County Wicklow, Ireland, on the 8th of September, 1829. His 
 father was a farmer, who sold out his interest in his holding to go and seek a home 
 elsewhere, and finally settled in Liverpool, England, where he spent the remainder 
 of his days. His son John received a common school education in Liverpool, and 
 was afterwards apprenticed to the trade of machinist, and at the age of twenty-one 
 emigrated to the United States. He landed in New York, September, 1850. Trade 
 was exceedingly dull at this time, and he being an entire stranger found it very 
 difficult to get employment. However, nothing daunted at the obstacles before 
 him, he fought his way manfully to the front. Having a peculiar aptitude for his 
 particular calling, Mr. Lawlor soon made himself valuable to his employers. To him 
 was entrusted the oversight of the most important works in the establishments where 
 he was employed. A year or two after his coming to the United States, one of the 
 most useful of modern inventions — the Sewing Machine — was presented to the 
 world. Mr. Lawlor had the honor of assisting the late Mr. Singer in perfecting in all 
 its parts the celebrated “ Singer Sewing Machine.” No sooner did he get the idea 
 of sewing by machinery than he applied himself exclusively to the sewing machine 
 business. In the year 1857, invented and perfected the famous “ Lawlor Sewing 
 Machine.” In 1858 he removed from New York City to Buffalo, and there com- 
 menced the manufacture of his invention, in company with R. H. Stevens, Esq., a 
 prominent lawyer of the latter city ; but, owing to the monopoly granted richer 
 and more influential concerns by the extension of patents, who demanded high 
 royalty, Mr. Lawlor was compelled to seek “fresh fields and pastures new” for 
 the successful prosecution of his business, and came to Canada in the year 1861. 
 His partner, Mr. Stevens, being an American gentleman, and desirous of remaining 
 in the United States, Mr. Lawlor was compelled to dissolve business relations with 
 him, and established himself in the City of Montreal, where he subsequently com- 
 menced the manufacture of his sewing machines. He obtained several patents, both 
 in the United States and Canada, on sewing machines and improvements on sewing 
 machines for the next twenty years. He invented a most superior washing machine, 
 for which he obtained patents in the United States and Canada in the year 1875. The 
 Lawlor sewing machine was considered by competent authorities to be the best 
 machine ever invented. 
 
 After many years in this business he gave up sewing machines entirely, other 
 
460 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 competitors having entered the Canadian field, and for the past few years he has 
 devoted himself as Agent in the city for all kinds of musical and sewing instruments, 
 and particularly to Insurance of all kinds, in which branches he is building up a 
 large and successful business. 
 
 LEONIDAS HEBER DAVIDSON, D.C.L., Q.C. 
 
 He was the fifth son of the late Rev John Casement Davidson and Ann Elizabeth 
 Burrows, and was born July 3rd, 1842, at Toronto. He was educated under the 
 direct supervision of his father, a scholarly and highly educated man, for the most 
 part, but also attended the High School, St. Johns, P. Q., and the Missisquoi High 
 School, Cowansville, P. Q. Commenced his Collegiate course at Bishop’s College, 
 Lennox ville ; but desiring to enter the legal profession, and there being no Law Faculty 
 in connection with Bishop’s College, entered McGill in the second year of his course, 
 and took high position in the several years, graduating B.A. in 1863, and B.C.L. in 
 the Faculty of Law in the same University in 1864. He studied Law in the offices 
 of James O’Halloran, Q.C., Cowansville, and of S. Bethune, Q.C., Montreal; and was 
 admitted to the Bar in June, 1864. 
 
 He conducted several important cases, principally on the civil and commeicial 
 side rather than the criminal side, and was, with S. Bethune, Q.C., his patron, and one 
 or two others, the first Lower Canada Counsel to appear before the Supreme Court 
 on its opening in Ottawa. Has also personally, and without English Counsel, 
 appeared before and conducted appeals to Her Majesty’s Privy Council in England, 
 with the late Joseph Doutre, Q.C., insisting upon an equal standing for Canadian 
 Counsel before that tribunal. 
 
 On the resignation of the Hon. Mr. Justice Wurtele as Professor of Commercial 
 Law in McGill Law Faculty, Doctor Davidson was appointed by the Governors to 
 that Chair in his stead, and still occupies that position. He was for many years one 
 of the Examiners of the Bar of Lower Canada for the admission to study and piac 
 tice. He has taken a prominent part in all Church matters since 1864, and is 
 regarded as an authority on Canon or Church Law ; and has delivered lectures there- 
 on in the Montreal Theological College, and occupied for many years the position of 
 Church Advocate of the Diocese of Montreal. 
 
 He married June ist, 1865, Eleanor Crowther Pawson, the youngest daughter 
 of John Pawson, one of Montreal’s oldest and best known merchants. 
 
 The Rev. Canon Davidson, M.A., Rector of St. Arrnand East, P. Q., one of 
 the oldest Crown Rectories in the Country ; the late Dr. A. R. Davidson of Buffalo, 
 N. Y., one of the leading practitioners and one of the foremost Chemists of the 
 day ; William Frederick Davidson of Kentucky, an Evangelist, are his brothers. He 
 has two sisters; one the wife of S. F. Belknap, Esq., Civil Engineer of the Canadian 
 Pacific Railway ; the other unmarried. The following are the Degrees to which he has 
 attained: B.A., M.A., B.C.L. and D.C.L., all of McGill College ; also M.A. and 
 D.C.L. of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, and he received the honor of Queen’s Coun- 
 sel on the 18th February, 1887. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 461 
 
 WILLIAM W. H. KERR, Q.C., 
 
 Was bom at Three Rivers, November, 1826. His father was J. Hastings Kerr, a 
 land agent of Quebec. His grandfather was a Barrister, and settled in Quebec in 
 1797, and was appointed a Judge of the Vice Admiralty Court, 1797 ; then Judge of 
 the King’s Bench in 1808. He was called to the Executive Council in 1812, and to 
 the Legislative Council in 1821, and later on Speaker of the House. Mr. Kerr 
 received his education at Lundy’s College, Quebec, and at Queen’s, Kingston. He 
 studied Law with Mr. (later Judge) Chabot, and afterwards with Mr. (now Sir Andrew) 
 Stuart, Chief Justice. In May, 1854, Mr. Kerr was associated with J. M. LeMoine, 
 and in 1858 with Archibald Campbell. He came to Montreal after a few years, 
 and was created a Q.C. in 1873, and McGill University granted him the degree of 
 D.C.L. same year. He was Dean of the Faculty of Law, and Professor of Interna- 
 tional Law in the College. He was Batonnier in 1878. He was one of the counsel 
 in the great St. Albans Raiders’ Trial. The Consolidated Bank is also another 
 case. His contention as to the status of Lieutenant Governors was accepted as 
 final in the famous Letellier case. He was one of the brightest ornaments of the 
 Montreal Bar. He was married to a daughter of the Rev. Mr. Arnold, and had two 
 children. Mr. Kerr died February 12, 1888. 
 
 JOHN DOUGALL 
 
 Was born in Paisley, Scotland, July 8, 1808. His grandfather was Duncan Dougall, 
 his father John Dougall. He had two boys, John and James. John, who became 
 renowned as the proprietor of the Witness , and James, who was well known, espe- 
 cially in the West as the great nursery man of Windsor, Ont. At eighteen years 
 of a ge, John Dougall sailed for Canada in the year 1826. After some time he began 
 a book and stationery business in Montreal. It was then he started with James 
 Court the Canada Temperance Advocate. Afterwards it changed hands, J. C. 
 Becket taking the management of it, while Mr. Dougall embarked in a new enter- 
 prise, the issuing of the Weekly Witness in the winter of 1845-46. He soon ob- 
 tained over eight hundred subscribers, which at the price the papers sold at, $3.00 
 per annum, in those days was considered a handsome thing. The paper has long 
 ago become a daily, and the Witness is looked upon as one of the Institutions of 
 Montreal. Mr. Dougall was for over fifty years a total abstainer. Mr. Dougall often 
 expressed a wish to die suddenly rather than by a lingering sickness. He had 
 his wish. He was living with his son, Mr. James Dougall, at Flushing, Long Island, 
 as he had for years been publishing the New York Witness , and suddenly at break- 
 fast he breathed his last. 
 
 Mr. Dougall had married Elizabeth Redpath, eldest daughter of Mr. John Red- 
 path. She died in 1883. His sons are Mr. John Redpath Dougall, the present 
 proprietor of the Montreal Witness y and James Dougall of the New York Witness , 
 and several daughters. One of the daughters has been quite encouraged by the 
 high encomiums given her on a book she has lately published in England. 
 
462 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 The premises of the Daily Witness are of large extent in St. James street, and 
 the thorough organization of all its departments as that of a first-class publishing 
 house can be seen through all its management. Mr. Dougall when he first came to 
 Canada, and for some time after, occasionally wrote both m prose and verse, foi the 
 Hera /and other papers. A few of his poems had the high honor of appearing m 
 the “ Book of Scottish Song,” published in Edinburgh, Scotland, by Black.e & Son, 
 in i8u This beautiful volume was edited by Alexander Wlutelaw. 1 eihaps no 
 man has ever done the amount of good Mr. Dougall has done m his advocacy 
 of Temperance, and though sometimes his paper was placed under the ban on 
 account of its plain speaking, still the seeds sown will yet bung fo: th fruit abun- 
 dantly, and John Dougall will be a name well known and remembered, not only in 
 Montreal, but throughout Canada, when thousands now living are totally forgotten. 
 
 FREDERICK STYLES LYMAN, Q.C. 
 
 Was born in Montreal, January 6 , 1844. and is the eldest son«f th e 
 citizen Henry Lyman, Esq. He received his education 111 the old High School and 
 in McGill University. After this he went to England and studied for some time at 
 St. John’s College, Cambridge, where he took the degree of B A. in .867. On his 
 return to his native city he received from his Alma Mater the degree o . . . 
 selected Law as a profession, and having passed a most creditable examination be- 
 fore finally commencing his career in Law he travelled for a year over t^ope where 
 he studied the various legal aspects of the different countries visited. = 
 
 to Montreal, he entered into partnership with John Dunlop, Q.C. , a gentleman 
 longing to an old family well known in the city. Mr. Lyman married August 15, 
 l87 „ Louisa Lyman. His brother is connected with the father m the extensiv 
 business of Lyman, Sons & Co., of Montreal; and Lyman, Brothers & Co, 
 Toronto. Mr. Lyman was made a Queen’s Counsellor, January, 1891. 
 
 COLONEL A. A. STEVENSON. 
 
 Alexander Allan Stevenson is perhaps as well known as any citizen in Montreal. 
 His parents were James Stevenson, of Riccarton, Ayreshire .Scotland, and Jane 
 Frances Allan, a cousin of the poet Burns and sister of the late Capt. A , 
 Z aunt of tire late Sir Hugh Allan and Andrew Allan. He was educated at 
 Riccarton School, and came to Canada, Montreal, in 184 , " 1 b 
 
 ever since. On arrival here he entered a printing office alld “ l8 ” 
 business under the firm of Moore, Owler & Stevenson. During this tune Y 
 
 published the Sun, also for some years the Mackay Montreal Directory, a t er ' var 
 merged into the present “ Lovell’s Directory.” On the retirement of the fir t t . 
 members of the firm, Mr. Stevenson carried on the business by himse . 1 
 
 it was merged into the Montreal Printing Company. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL, 
 
 463 
 
 He was elected in 186 1 Councillor for the West Ward. He was then the 
 Chairman of the Fire Alarm Telegraph Construction Committee. He served as 
 Councillor for six years. During this period he made the first motion in the 
 Council to acquire the mountain as a public park. Great opposition was dis- 
 played to this by members of the Council, but he succeeded at last, and Mon- 
 treal has to-day the finest park on the Continent of America. He retired from 
 the Council in 1867, but in 1882 was again induced to enter it. He was elected 
 as Alderman for his late Ward in 1882, was the means of getting the present 
 Drill Hall erected, and has ever since continued in the Council Chamber. In 
 1886, he was made Chairman of the Fire Committee, and it is not too much to 
 say that it is greatly owing to the gallant Colonel’s military discipline that this 
 important branch of the civic service has attained to such perfect discipline that 
 their motto should be over the whole American Continent, “ Secundus Nulli.” 
 
 It is, however, in his military career that Col. Stevenson is best known to 
 the citizens of Montreal. The most correct sketch of his career as a soldier is 
 found in his address to the men in his farewell order of April 24, 1891, where he 
 says : 
 
 “ Having been connected with the Battery since its organization in July, 1885, 
 and having had the honor of commanding it since April, 1857, and with the ex 
 ception of three months’ absence in Europe, having been personally present at 
 every out-door parade of the corps for that whole period of nearly thirty-six 
 years, I am in a position to testify, as I do most cheerfully, to the loyal, 
 patriotic and martial spirit which has animated its members from first to last. 
 They have fully proved the appropriateness of the Battery motto, ‘ Always on 
 hand, by being on hand whenever required and ready for any duty. 
 
 ‘■The Battery has responded with alacrity to every call made upon it, whether 
 for salutes or receptions on public occasions, or assisting the civil power in repress- 
 ing local disturbance or in resisting invasion, as in 1866 and 1870, when stationed 
 for several weeks on the Huntingdon frontier. In other respects, also, it has ren- 
 dered the city good service, as for instance in raising a fund for restoring the Nel- 
 son monument, and in the famous ascent of the Battery to the top of Mount Roya] 
 before any roads were constructed, to fire a Royal salute at noon of Monday, the 
 10th November, 1862, when H.R.H. the Prince of Wales attained his majority, 
 which had the effect of materially influencing public opinion in favor of purchasing 
 the mountain for a public park — that park which is now the glory of the citizens of 
 Montreal. 
 
 “ I 1 l ias always been on the best terms of friendship with the other city corps, 
 and with the militia forces of Canada and the United States. The military bearing 
 and exemplary conduct of its members have been the subject of universal remark on 
 all occasions. As a corps it has paid visits to Quebec, Chambly, Knowlton, Kings- 
 ton, Toronto, Hamilton, St. Catharines, Niagara Falls and to St. Albans, N.Y., 
 Boston and Portland. When visiting New York, in 1858, it had the honor of being 
 
464 
 
 GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL. 
 
 the guest of the 7 th Regiment, National Guard, and paraded on the right of that 
 amo^s regiment in tire great military demonstration held m New York to ce ebrate 
 [he laying of the first Atlantic cable. l'he Battery enjoys the distinction of 
 b ingVonly British military organization which has marched through New York 
 and Boston carrying the British flag since the American Revolution. These facts 
 are mentioned to acquaint the younger members of the Battery with its past record, 
 and" stimulate them to such exertions as will ensure its high character betng sus- 
 
 ta.ned in ^the future. ^ & d fee ling of regret at severing my connection with 
 
 the old Battery, to which I am so warmly attached, but I have the sat, faction of 
 knowing that V leave it in good order and in the hands of capable and zealot, 
 officers, who will, I am sure, do all in their power to increase its efficiency l ea n- 
 estU- trust that my successor will receive from the members of the corps such a 
 ready obedience of orders, submission to discipline and faithful discharge of dut), as 
 wUUlal the Battery eve,! yet higher in the estimation of the Mint, a authorities and 
 the public generally.^ So long as I am spared I will regard its career with deep 
 interest and earnestly hope and trust that its ranks may be ever full of young men 
 strongly imbued with the spirit of loyalty and devotion to the Queen and coutnry 
 That Queen, the best and the best beloved in the universe, and that country yet 
 
 bC °" e A[d h now!'^ 'my gallant 6 gunners, I bid you an affectionate farewell, and may 
 
 Hei ci b Sveirrri»"b«. r re sid«, * c^,,, ^ s , a»w> 
 
 Societies, and has been connected with so many organizations and societies 
 space will not permit us to name them all. 
 
 EULALIE DUKOCHER, MELODIE DUFRESNE AND HENRIETTE CERE. 
 
 ON the 1st of November, x8 4 3, these ladies determined to 
 village of Longueuil, with the approval of the Bishop, and under 
 ffie Oblate Fathers. They took the name of “ Soeurs des Saints Noms de fus e 
 Marie” and their Community was styled “The Sisters of LoDgaeuL . Xe* 
 
 yelr 8th December, 1844, these three founders of the order made them vows, and 
 the Community was erected canonically for the instruction of ' ^ 
 
 In 1849, the Oblate Fathers, having left Longueuil to locate n Montreal, cea 
 
 to direct the Institution, and Messire Brassard then became ^.f lt Hochelaga, 
 years ago the Community built one of the largest establishments ^ 
 where they have, perhaps, the finest school for girls in the w in . ^ . { , g 
 
 tion of Hochelaga to Montreal has much militated 1 agains - ^ 
 
 being rapidly surrounded by manufactories and buildings of, all ****' , J 
 
 therefore decided to leave the east end, and have purchased 1 > 
 
 atOutremont, where they will erect a large establishment in place of the 
 
 Hochelaga. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 4 6 5 
 
 REV. ABRAHAM de SOLA, LL.D., 
 
 Who for many years was so familiar a figure in literary circles in Montreal, and who 
 earned so wide and deserved a reputation as an Oriental scholar and theologian, was 
 a descendant of an illustrious Spanish-Jewish family. The marvellous history of 
 Israel must ever be of peculiar interest to mankind, and, perhaps, no chapter in the 
 post-biblical portion of that history possesses more charm than that which relates 
 about the Jews of Spain and Portugal, or Sephardim as they are styled. These lived 
 free and untrammeled during those mediaeval times when their brethren in less 
 favored countries were weighed down by the burden of oppression, and with the 
 Saracens they kept alive the flame of learning and science in the Iberian Peninsula 
 at a time when it burnt lowest in the rest of Europe. Power, rank and honor were 
 tlieirs ; and when afterwards clouds obscured the sky of their prosperity, and the 
 storm of persecution burst pitilessly over their heads, their record of heroic martyrdom 
 and thrilling adventure is a tale as fascinating as that of many of the most imaginative 
 pages of fiction. 
 
 Among the many bright names which illumined Spanish-Jewish history, that of 
 de Sola stands prominent. The de Solas had settled in Andalusia as early as the 
 sixth century, whence they had come from Judea by gradual stages through 
 Northern Africa. They held various offices under the Saracenic Caliphs at Toledo 
 and Cordova, and afterwards when they removed to Navarre they were received with 
 like favor by the Gothic Princes. From their estate in this province, their surname had 
 its origin. A particularly distinguished member of the family was Don Bartolomeu 
 de Sola, who, in reward for his services, was ennobled, and, after being a Minister of 
 State, held for a while the position of Viceroy of Navarre. 
 
 During the 14th Century another de Sola distinguished himself fighting under the 
 Infante of Aragon, and figured conspicuously in the Spanish Wars of that period. 
 During the succeeding centuries the family continued to hold an illustrious place, 
 owing to the large number of eminent scholars, physicians and statesmen it produced. 
 Their fortunes, however, changed when King Ferdinand, having by the Conquest of 
 Granada destroyed the last vestige of Moorish power in Spain, decided to drive 
 therefrom all who did not conform to the dominant faith ; and in 1492, was promul- 
 gated the terrible edict of expulsion, which, at one blow, deprived hundreds of thou- 
 sands of Spain’s most intelligent and industrious inhabitants of happy and prosperous 
 homes. The de Solas took refuge in Holland, but a branch of the family continued to 
 hold business connections with Lisbon, and eventually some of them settled in the 
 Portuguese Capital, where they amassed much wealth. Watched by the Inquisition, 
 they, like many other Portuguese Jews, for some time evaded the danger by assum- 
 ing to become Marannos or Nitevos Christ ianos — as converted Jews were styled 
 
 while they secretly remained loyal to Judaism. In the latter part of the 17th 
 Century, however, suspicion was attracted towards them, and David de Sola (who 
 to elude his persecutors had assumed the name of Bartolome) was apprehended, 
 
 30 
 
466 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ™ fteVTrhaTaspfiy^lly broken down by his terrible sufferings. Escape from 
 go free , bu 1 ) extremely difficult, but in the next generation his 
 
 the country by a susp^t was hen * *tre ^ ^ a British Man-of-War, and to 
 
 son, Aaron debola, manned o sect | not , however, before two of his 
 
 ida^nmd'L^impriioned, tortured and condemned to death at an auto da Fi, by 
 
 the I ‘ 1 t q ^ S "‘” n ; ^ride Sola fled with his wife and family to England and 
 now that they were freed from the terrors of the Inquisition they openly avoir ed once 
 more their loyalty to the faith of their fathers. From England they took passage lor 
 Ho hnd where thev rejoined their relatives, and taking up their residence m 
 Amsterdam they soon again rose to distinction in the various learned professions. 
 
 Previously to this— in the year 1690-one of the preceding generation, Isaac 
 de Sol i had settled in London, and had acquired a high reputation m the Hebrew 
 them.. n» eloquent preach., and author. Several volumes of In, work, 
 
 tons' had accompanied Aaron de Sola in hi, light from Lisbon jin 049 , £ 
 
 rrretss- 
 
 became so distinguished as a Commander of Cavalry under Bolivar and Paezwh 
 I".! American State, revolted from Spain. He rook par, .. the dcer.r.e tat 
 of Carabobo, and led the charge on Puerto Cabello when that city was stormed y 
 Pada!* receiving a sabre-wonnd during the light. After the res.ot.tron of peace he 
 held important public offices during the Paez regime. Qn {he 
 
 The Reverend Abraham de Sola, LL.D., was born in Lon , g ‘ 
 
 .8th siptember, ,8 >s . Hi, father, David Aaron de Sola, was Sen, or Munster of 
 the Portuguese Jews of London, to which city he had been called Irony msler am, 
 and was eminent as a Hebrew author, having produced among many ' other k 
 elegant translation of the Jewish Forms of Prayer ; also, ,» conjunct™, with Dr. Ra 
 phS In edition of Genesis, very vahuble to Biblical s.uden.s on » » 
 commentaries and copious notes, and the fits. Eng »h rami, non ,f Ergl,^ 
 Treatises of the Mishna. His mother was the daughter • 1 do)as ha(J 
 
 Chief Rabbi of the Spanish-Jewish congregations of Britain. So)a 
 
 given eminent Chief Rabbis to Europe for twelve generations. Abraham d 
 received careful tuition in all the usual branches of a hberal 
 became early engrossed in the study of Oriental languages an ‘ acquired 
 
 theology, and continued to devote his attention to those subjects unt q 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 467 
 
 that profound knowledge of them which subsequently won him so prominent a 
 place among scholars. Having been offered the position of Rabbi of the Spanish 
 and Portuguese Jewish Congregation of Montreal he accepted the call, and arrived 
 in this city in the beginning of 1847, and here, for over thirty-five years, he conti- 
 nued 10 minister to the spiritual wants of his people. His able pulpit discourses 
 soon attracted attention. Ur. de Sola’s abilities, however, were not destined 
 to be confined exclusively to his official duties. Before leaving London he had been 
 associated m the editorial work of a Hebrew journal, The Voice of Jacob, and soon 
 after his arrival in Canada he delivered a course of lectures on Jewish history before 
 the Mercantile Literary Association. In 1848, he published his “ Notes on the Jews 
 of Persia Under Mohammed Shah,” and also “A History of the Jews of Persia.” 
 Within the same year there appeared his important work on “Scripture Zoology ” 
 Soon afterwards he published his “ Lectures on the Mosaic Cosmogony.” This was 
 followed by his “ Cosmography of Peritsol,”a work displaying such erudition that it 
 gained a wide circulation in Europe, and was reprinted there in several languages. 
 His next work, “ A Commentary upon Samuel Hannagid’s Introduction to the Tal- 
 mud, was a book which deservedly attracted much attention, owing to the light 
 which it threw upon an interesting portion of rabbinical literature, and to its depth 
 of lalmudic knowledge. In 1853 he published, conjointly with the Rev. J. J. Lyons, 
 of New \ ork, a work on the Jewish Calendar System, chiefly valuable on account of 
 its excellent prefatory treatise upon the Jewish system of calculating time. 
 
 Dr. de Sola’s mastery of Semitic languages and literature early attracted the 
 notice of our learned bodies, and, after first acting as lecturer, he was, in 1853, ap- 
 pointed Professor of Hebrew and Oriental Literature at McGill University. The 
 high abilities which he displayed as occupant of this chair proved the wisdom of 
 the appointment, and he continued to hold the position during the rest of his life. 
 
 hor some time Dr. de Sola had been engaged in the preparation of one of his 
 most important productions, “ The Sanatory Institutions of the Hebrews.” The work 
 was published in two parts, and was an exhaustive exposition of the hygienic laws of 
 the Hebiews, as exhibited in both Scriptural and rabbinical writings, critically exam- 
 ined in the light of modern scientific knowledge. It was a production which evinced 
 how deeply the author had penetrated into scientific as well as rabbinical paths of 
 learning. Shortly afterwards he published a supplemental work to it, entitled 
 “ Behemoth Hatemeoth.” 
 
 The prominence to which Dr. de Sola had now reached among men of letters 
 led McGill Univerity to confer upon him the degree of LL.D. in 1858. 
 
 In i860, Dr. Hall, the editor of The British American Journal, devoted to 
 physical and medical science, induced Dr. de Sola to assist that publication with his 
 pen, and, among other contributions, his series of articles “Upon the employment of 
 Anaesthetics in cases of Labor, in connection with Jewish Law,” call for particular 
 mention. 
 
 Dr. de Sola’s wide range of studies had made him very popular both as a public 
 lecturer and as a contributor to various literary papers. The themes of some of these 
 
 
468 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 i hv him and republished in their elaborated and 
 
 were afterwards much amp y > g he t0 the public his works on 
 
 completed form. At compara tve y „ „ ‘ Hebrew Numismatics,” “The Ancient 
 
 “ Scripture Botany, ’ “Sinaitic Insc P > ; d p rogress 0 f the 
 
 He^re. and fhe An-* 
 
 Great Hebrew Colleges, c . . . H : storv he, in i860, wrote his 
 
 Languages.” *e False Messiah.” The following year he 
 
 “ ,^.",ew. or round.- and in ,8,, ho Pushed * “ 
 
 ‘° ,y n f Vsou do^SyMentified himself with many of ou, literary and scientific 
 
 assocUtimssf notably tilth the Natural History Soci^ — 
 
 co-laborer of Sir William Dawson and Sn IV (,f,e, wards Duke of 
 
 President of the Society, and received “V,l His address upon The 
 
 L.si, called forth a letter of 
 
 sr^h^rr ,dm "d'e .-™. » « ^c" 
 
 him a high place among the very foremost Rabh &ith wete , he best 
 
 fences which orthodoxy placed around the c.tadl^ ^ Ji]dl| . m (o „ d 
 
 safeguards against disintegrating ore , 1 noticeable were his bold attacks 
 
 in him an able and powerful champion. Equally noticed* le were His 
 
 upon the weak points of the sceptical schoo ’ ° ^ bear upon thi s subject 
 
 intimate knowledge of all those branches o ^ g and 
 
 made him particularly formidable m thts respec t. The • 1 >, ic „ 
 
 rr: 
 
 editor, the gifted Isaac Leeser. freouently being invited to lecture 
 
 Dr de Sola’s ability in the pulpit led to his frequently oei b Qn 
 
 in the United States, where he had acquired much Pr°»'«»“ ^ 
 
 the ,th of January, ,8, a, he was invt.ed by General Gram s Goverume^ ^ ^ 
 
 the ceremony of opening the United States Congres Vchisen of the United 
 
 time was witnessed the unique spectacle of one w to ‘ . . b e assem . 
 
 States nor of the dominant belief officiating at the opening ceremomesat he asse ^ 
 
 .„H this hich compliment to a British subject was the first evidence ot 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 469 
 
 a better feeling between tfee two countries. Sir Edward Thornton, the British 
 Ambassador at Washington, formally extended to Dr. de Sola the thanks of the 
 British Government, and Mr. Gladstone — then Prime Minister — also personally 
 communicated his satisfaction. 
 
 Upon the death of Isaac Leeser, Dr. de Sola purchased the stereotyped plates 
 of his works, and issued a new edition of that author’s translation of the Bible 
 according to Jewish authorities. He also brought out a revised translation of the 
 Jewish Forms of Prayer, in six volumes, based upon the editions of D. A. de Sola 
 (his father) and of Leeser. He was invited to become the successor of Mr. Leeser 
 in his ministerial office but declined. He had previously refused several similar offers. 
 
 Dr. de Sola’s onerous duties were at this time further increased bv his being 
 offered the Chair of Hebrew at the Montreal Presbyterian College, and later on he 
 accepted the appointment of Lecturer in Spanish Literature at McGill University, a 
 literature and language with which he was specially familiar, and to which he was 
 particularly attached. 
 
 But such incessant application to work could not but prove exhaustive, and his 
 naturally vigorous health broke down under the strain. A year’s rest, spent in Europe, 
 proved sufficiently beneficial to enable him to return to some of his duties. For a 
 while he also resumed his contributions to the Jewish Press, and among other 
 interesting writings we notice his “ Yehuda Alcharizi and the Book Tachkemoni.” 
 In 1880 he published his last important work, “Saadia Ha-Gaon,” a book giving a 
 very valuable description of the writings and life of one of the greatest of Jewish 
 philosophers, and also containing an interesting account of the Court of a Prince of 
 the Captivity. 
 
 But failing health was destined now to check for ever the labors of his active pen, 
 and while in New York, on a visit to his sister, he was seized by an attack of illness 
 which terminated fatally on June 5th, 1882. The remains were brought on to Mon- 
 treal and there interred. He had not yet completed his fifty-seventh year when he 
 passed away. 
 
 In his death the Hebrew community sustained a loss whose magnitude could 
 scarcely be over-estimated. His self sacrificing devotion to the service of his race 
 his ceaseless labor in everything which could elevate and promote both their moral 
 and intellectual welfare, his quick readiness to assuage, with kind counsel and help 
 the lot of those in adversity, and the rare talents which he had displayed in his mul- 
 tifarious writings, had won for him the warmest admiration and attachment of his 
 people, and had gained him a reputation among them that was world-wide His loss 
 indeed was scarcely less regretted by Gentile than by Jew, for the prominence which 
 his scholarly attainments had acquired for him among Canadian litterateurs the 
 active role which he had for thirty-five years played in our various learned bodies, 
 and the distinguished position which he held in our leading University, achieved for 
 him an illustrious place among Canada’s public men. 
 
 Dr. de Sola was married in 1852 to Esther Joseph, the youngest daughter of 
 Henry Joseph, of Berthier, one of the earliest Jewish settlers in this country. Of his 
 several children, the eldest son, the Rev. Meldola de So'a, succeeded him as Rabbi of 
 the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue of Montreal, and another son, Mr. Clarence I 
 de Sola, is general manager of the Belgian Syndicate, “ Comptoir Belgo-Canadien."' 
 
47 ° 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 HENRY JOSEPH, 
 
 Who figures prominently among the early Canadian Hebrew colonists, was born in 
 England in 775 , and, as stated in our sketch of the Spanish and Portuguese 
 Sotte (pie 4 75 ), was induced to settle in Canada, when he was yet a mere 
 voutlf by his uncle! Commissary Aaron Hart. In those days Berth, er was an impor- 
 tant distributing point, owing to its being opposite Fort William Henry, the noted 
 Tl ta y post at the mouth of the Richelieu. As Henry Joseph had connections with 
 the CWssariatofthis division he took up his abode at Berth, er Afterwards 
 
 from this central point he branched out as a very extensive trader, both west and 
 east establishing one of the largest commercial houses m that part of the country, 
 and’ venturing into undertakings which were considered particularly enterprising at 
 that time when Canada’s trade was only at its dawn. He was the first one to char er 
 Canadian’ ships direct and exclusively for Canadian trade with England and thus he 
 became one of the founders of Canada’s merchant marine. Among the vessels he 
 controlled was the ship Ewretta, which brought many a cargo to this port. He was 
 assisted in some of his enterprises by his brother, Judah Joseph. The hitter, how- 
 ever, after amassing considerable wealth, returned to England. Upon the outbreak 
 of the War of 1812-14, Henry Joseph once more joined the military forces an sa\ 
 alive service. Subsequent to this he became a dormant partner in the extensive 
 mercantile firm established in Montreal by his brother-in-law, and, upon the death 
 he att he decided ,0 take up his residence in this city, his business connections 
 lere living become so important as to render this change of domicile necessary 
 But shortly after his removal to Montreal there occurred that terrible outbreak of 
 cholera of 1832, which devastated Europe and America, carrying death and gloom 
 to many a house. His eldest son, Samuel, was stricken down by the fell disease, 
 Berthier. Hastening from Montreal to his dying son’s bedside Henry Joseph was 
 himself seized with the epidemic, and within a few hours died from it. J 
 
 was afterwards interred at Montreal. His death occurred on the 2 ' s u ^’^ ; 
 
 One hundred and fifty-nine deaths took place that same day m Montrealfrom 
 tto dreadful scourge. Henry Joseph was married to Miss ^chd So^a 
 daughter of one of those who are mentioned among the first Israel, tish settle 
 and founders of the Spanish and Portuguese Hebrew congregation. Four sons 
 and four daughters survived him. His sons were J. H., Abraham, Jesse 
 Gershom Joseph, all of whom attained to prominence. \\e give sketches oft 
 l "I, .(three of .1™. below, but it is out of out province, us I — ’° 
 
 real to give any extended notice of the life of the second named son Abraham, as 
 
 he Uuer resided in Quebec, uud that du„ must therefore devolve upon the 
 chronicler of the ancient capital. We may, though, observe » 
 
 Abraham Joseph was one of Quebec’s most prominent men, and amon he > 
 important positions occupied by him we remark that he was Pres dent of th 
 Dominion Board of Trade, President of the Stadacona Bank, a director of the Banque 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 47 * 
 
 Nationale and director of the Quebec and Gulf Ports Steamship Co. He also sat 
 in Quebec’s City Council, and once stood for mayor of that city. Of the four 
 daughters who survived Henry Joseph, the eldest was married to l)r. A. H. David 
 and the youngest to the Rev. Dr. Abraham de Sola. 
 
 JACOH HENRY JOSEPH 
 
 Was born in Berthier, but removed to Montreal when his father took up his residence 
 here about the year 1830. While occupied with his own extensive business affairs he 
 found time to take an interest in many public enterprises, and when later on he 
 retired entirely from commercial pursuits he still continued to take a very active 
 part in a number of our most important public undertakings, notably in several of 
 our first telegraph companies, railways and banks. He was not, though, easily to be 
 persuaded to accept directorship, although frequently pressed to do so, as it was 
 always a principle with him never to allow his name to appear responsible for any 
 enterprise which he could not fully control. 
 
 Noticing first his participation in the introduction c-f telegraph lines in Canada, it 
 is interesting to observe that he was one of the original group of thirty who organized 
 the first telegraph company here, and was also one of those that built the first line 
 to the United States via Plattsburgh. He was, likewise, partner in the Newfoundland 
 Telegraph Company, that formed the last link in the first Atlantic Cable line. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Joseph also very materially assisted in the construction of some of 
 the very earliest railroads built in Canada. He was one of those who were connected 
 with the Champlain Railroad Company, and was a director of the Branch constructed 
 in the United States to Rouses Point — continuing to be a large stockholder until its 
 final absorption by the Grand Trunk. He was also one of a half-a-dozen merchants 
 who designed and constructed a railroad from Joliette to Rawdon, in continuation 
 of the Lanoraie and Joliette Road. 
 
 Mr. Joseph largely aided in the formation of several of our banks. When the 
 Union Bank was founded, 1,400 shares of stock, which had been allotted for Montreal, 
 remained unsubscribed, and he took these up to further the successful organization of 
 the Bank, He was, too, one of the original stockholders of the Bank of British North 
 America — a certain portion of whose capital was allotted to Canada. Originally 
 one of the largest shareholders of the Ontario Bank, he grew dissatisfied with the 
 action of the Head Board, then in Bowmanville, and he expressed his disapproval of 
 their course by disposal of all his stock. Events afterwards justified his views. He 
 was also one of the original members of the Provident Savings Bank, but his indepen- 
 dence and foresight showed itself here also, for, disapproving of the policy pursued, 
 he withdrew all connection with it long before it met with the unsuccess which he 
 prophesied. 
 
 Mr. Joseph was for many years closely identified with and the largest stock- 
 holder in the Montreal Elevator Co., of which he was for some time President. 
 He was an active member of the Montreal Board of Trade, and was Vice-President 
 
47 2 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 when Holton and Cramp were at its head. He was the originator of the Port Warden 
 and Harbor Inspector’s offices, and, though objected to by many at the time as 
 unnecessary, experience has since shown the wisdom of their establishment. 
 
 Mr. Joseph has taken considerable interest in, and is a life member of, many of 
 our important institutions, including the General Hospital, the Mercantile Library, 
 the Art Association, the Mechanics’ Institute and the Natural History Society. Of 
 the last mentioned he has been Vice-President. He has also assisted materially 
 towards the growth of Montreal by his extensive building operations, having since 
 1854 erected more buildings for his own personal holding than any other citizen ; 
 while of public buildings he had much to do with the originating of the Mercantile 
 Library building, and the old Merchants Exchange. 
 
 Apart from these public enterprises Mr. J. H. Joseph has always taken a deep 
 interest in all political questions affecting this country. During the Rebellion of 
 1837-38, he took an active part, and was entrusted to convey dispatches at night 
 between Sir John Colborne and General Wetherall— then in command at Cham- 
 bly of the troops on the Richelieu,— the dispatches being hidden in the leather 
 linings to escape risk of capture. He was officer in a regiment regularly enrolled 
 under Colonel Dyer, forming part of the battalions employed to garrison Hochelaga, 
 Laprairie, Chambly and St. Johns at the time that the troops were despatched to 
 resist the attack from the American line at Lacolle. 
 
 Always an active politician, from the days of Lafontaine and Baldwin, he was 
 the confrere of Holton, Kinnear, John Young and Penny, and an unwavering Liberal 
 until the General Elections of 1891. Some years ago he was invited to become the 
 Liberal candidate for Montreal West, but declined. He also rejected overtures to 
 enter the Legislative Council of this Province, refusing always to be bound by any 
 party shackles. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Joseph is married to the niece of Rebecca Gratz. Two sons and 
 several daughters are the offspring of this union, the sons being Mr. Henry 
 Joseph and Mr. Horace Joseph. Miss Gratz was a woman whose lofty character, 
 benevolent deeds and devoted efforts in the cause of education made her one of the 
 noblest figures in Philadelphia society half a century ago, and an additional interest 
 is attached to her personality from the fact of her having been the original from 
 whom Sir Walter Scott sketched his character of Rebecca in “ Ivanhoe.” The 
 incident is thus related in Morais’s account of her life : “ Washington Irving (who 
 was one of the coterie of celebrities who formed her most intimate circle of friends) 
 while paying a visit to Sir Walter Scott, at his home in Scotland, learnt from the 
 latter that his novel of “Ivanhoe” was in course of preparation, and that a 
 Jewish female character would be introduced. Whereupon the former remaiked 
 that he knew of a lady who would suit admirably. He proceeded to describe, in 
 glowing terms, Rebecca Gratz, her acquirements and suavity of manners and her 
 unyielding devotion to Israel's God. Scott attentively listened to the interesting 
 narrative, and when he had finished u Ivanhoe,” he sent the first copy to Lving, 
 inquiring whether the “ Rebecca ” he had pictured compared with the pattern given.’ 
 

 
 vS 7 '«fcilv', „ 
 
 
A • A 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 473 
 
 JESSE JOSEPH, 
 
 W ho has so long occupied so prominent a place among our public men, and taken 
 so leading a part in the administration of so many of our most important enterprises 
 is the third of the sons who survived Henry Joseph. 
 
 He was born at Berthier, but removed to Montreal in his boyhood. Here he 
 soon displayed those great business talents, and that inherent capacity for organizing 
 and successfully directing large public undertakings which have so distinguished his 
 entire career. Believing that commercial relations between Canada and Belgium 
 could be advantageously cultivated, he became the earliest pioneer of commerce 
 between the two countries, carrying on an enormous trade, and chartering the first 
 vessels that were ever charged with cargoes between this port and Antwerp. The large 
 volume of business that has since been developed with Belgium is to be credited to his 
 initiative. Few, indeed, of our merchants ventured upon business on a more exten- 
 sive scale, or did more to extend Canada’s commerce at that time, than Jesse Joseph. 
 
 Retiring from commercial pursuits in 1864, \yhen he was yet a young man, he 
 devoted his attention to the many public companies with which he had become 
 closely associated, and which he had, by his personal efforts as well as with his 
 capital, largely assisted in furthering. His sound judgment, high executive abilities 
 and mature experience, rendered his co-operation 011 any Board of the highest value ; 
 and hence he has figured prominently in the directorship of many of Canada’s most 
 successful enterprises. 
 
 Since 1877, Mr. Jesse Joseph has been President of the Montreal Gas Company, 
 one of the strongest companies, financially, in Canada. During his administration 
 its business has made enormous strides, having more than cpiadrupled in volume in 
 fifteen years. As far back as 1863, he was elected one of its Directors, and thus for 
 almost thirty years he has taken a most important part in the administration of its 
 affairs. 
 
 He has also been, since 1884, President of the Montreal Street Railway Com- 
 pany, having seven years before that date been elected one of its Board of Directors. 
 Under his presidency it has developed to very large proportions, being now one of 
 the most extensive tram roads on this Continent, having over thirty-five miles of track 
 at present in operation. 
 
 Among the large number of other public enterprises with which he has been 
 connected, we remark that he has been for many years a Director of the Montreal 
 Telegraph Co., and also one of the original Directors of the People’s Telegraph Co. 
 He has likewise been a member of the Board of the Banque Nationale. 
 
 Mr. Jesse Joseph has for over forty years been Consul here for Belgium, and was 
 the first one appointed to that office in Canada. In recognition of his distinguished 
 services in inaugurating relations with this country, he was some years ago created 
 a Chevalier (Knight) of the Order of Leopold by the King of the Belgians, and in 
 1890 he was further honored by the King conferring upon him the Decoration 
 Civique of the First Class . 
 
474 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 GERSHOM JOSEPH. 
 
 Mr. Gershom Joseph, M.A.. B.C.L., is the youngest son of Mr. Henry Joseph of 
 Berthier. Designed for a professional career, he was sent at an early age to Upper 
 Canada College, Toronto, to be educated, and from there to Toronto University. 
 After passing through the course in Arts, and receiving the degree of M.A., he took 
 to Law, and graduated as B.C.L. In addition he studied for five years with Chief 
 Justice Meredith and Judge Mondelet. After a long sojourn in Europe, he returned 
 here and began the practice of his profession. He had risen to a very high position 
 in the legal fraternity when the California Gold Fever broke out in 1849, and he 
 became seized with a desire to try his fortune on the Pacific Coast. Casting aside 
 his lucrative profession, he was among the earliest to seek the new field of enterprise 
 offered at that time by California. Here his experiences were very varied, and 
 spiced with adventure, but our limits prevent our relating more than one or two 
 incidents. Having succeeded in accumulating a very large sum, he had some 60,000 
 dollars of this in go’d dust placed in a safe in a building, standing, like many 
 other San Francisco structures then, on piles in the water. A notorious gang ot des- 
 peradoes, known as “ the Hounds,” who were the terror of San Francisco at that 
 time, ascertained about this gold, and managed to make away with all by getting 
 under the building in a boat at low tide. The depredations of this band gave rise 
 to the establishment of the celebrated Vigilance Committee. Again setting to work, 
 he had once more accumulated a good deal of property when the great conflagration, 
 which swept over San Francisco in 1851, destroyed nearly all. For more than a 
 decade after this he resided in San Francisco, engaged in various enterprises, and for 
 a time associated in business with Mr. Belleau, the cousin of our lormer Lieut.- 
 Governor, Sir Narcisse F. Belleau. He was also while in California the special 
 correspondent of the “Herald." 
 
 In 1861, Mr. Joseph married Miss Celine Lyons, and in 1863, he returned to 
 Montreal and resumed the practise of law, entering into partnership with Mr. Rouer 
 Roy, the present City Attorney. The firm was one of the best-known legal firms 
 here during the 6o’s. 
 
 Mr. Gershom Joseph is now one of the oldest members of the Bar, there being 
 only two or three at present practicing that ante-date his admission. He has occupied 
 various honorary positions in some of our institutions, and has been at two different 
 periods President of the Corporation of Spanish and Portuguese Jews, a position 
 which he still holds. 
 
INTERIOR OF THE SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE SYNAGOGUE. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 475 
 
 THE SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE SYNAGOGUE. 
 
 The Congregation of Spanish and Portuguese Jews, “ Shearith Israel,” to which 
 we have referred in our sketch of Dr. de Sola’s life, has a most interesting history. 
 There are probably not more than three or four Jewish congregations now existing 
 in America whose record dates as far back as theirs. Many generations have passed 
 away since it was founded by a small band of Sephardic Jews, who entered Canada at 
 the time when France and England were locked in their final struggle for supremacy 
 on this Continent. 
 
 Among the officers of Amherst’s invading army was Commissary Aaron Hart* 
 He became attached to the divisions of infantry under General Haldimand’s com- 
 mand in 1760, and was stationed at Three Rivers, where he rendered good service 
 to the British arms. He had come originally from London, where he was born 
 in 1724. After the close of the war he became Seigneur of Becancour. About 
 the same time there arrived in Montreal Lazarus David, who by his public spirit and 
 enterprise attained to a position of considerable prominence in the community* 
 These were among the first Israelites known to have taken up a permanent residence 
 in Canada. Within the decade following the fall of Quebec there arrived here a 
 number of Jewish settlers, among whom were Andrew Hays, David Salesby Franks, 
 Jacob de Maurera, Elias Seixas, Levi Solomons, Uriah Judah, Fernandez da Fonseca, 
 Joseph Bindona and Emanuel de Cordova. Most of them were men of means. Some 
 were occupied in large enterprises, and three or four were attached to the army. 
 
 In 1768, this little band of early Hebrew pioneers formed themselves into a con- 
 gregation, and took the name of “ Shearith Israel ” (Remnant of Israel), and thus 
 was founded the Spanish and Portuguese congregation, which still bears that name ; 
 for the first colonists being nearly all descended from Hebrews of Spain and Portugal 
 adhered to the impressive and venerable ritual of the Sephardic (Spanish) Jews, a ritual 
 to which the descendants of these founders have ever since clung with unswerving 
 loyalty. 
 
 After worshipping for nine years in a room, they, in 1777, built the first syna- 
 gogue ever erected in Canada, upon a piece of property between Notre Dame and 
 St. James street, near the Court House, and belonging to the David family. It was 
 a low stone building with a red roof, and was surrounded by a high stone wall. 
 
 In 1775, they purchased a piece of ground near the present Dominion Square 
 for a cemetery, and the first one interred was Lazarus David, who, born in 1734, 
 had died during the year following the purchase of this ground. The original 
 headstone, bearing the date 22nd October, 1776, is still to be seen standing in the 
 present ground, at the side of a newer one that replaced it, the bodies interred in 
 the old ground having been removed to the new one when the latter was purchased. 
 
 The number of men belonging to this congregation who attained to prominence 
 was remarkably large. A near relative of David Salesby Franks was the celebrated 
 Colonel Isaac Franks, who, having fixed his residence about this time in Philadelphia, 
 joined the Revolutionary Army after the Battle of Lexington, and became Aide-de- 
 
47 6 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Camp to George Washington. It was at his house that Washington took up his 
 quarters when he came to Philadelphia to attend the assembling of the first Congress 
 of the then newly-born United States. Jacob Franks, his nephew, was also dis- 
 tinguished, nearly a century ago, for his success in establishing trading posts in the 
 Hudson Bay Territory, penetrating into the very heart of the wild unsettled North 
 West in his enterprises. Another one of the early Jewish colonists, distinguished 
 for enterprises of somewhat similar character, was Henry Joseph. He had been 
 induced to settle here by his uncle, the Commissary Hart referred to above. In our 
 notice of the Joseph family we refer more fully to the very noteworthy part he 
 played in public affairs. 
 
 Of the early members of the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue one of the most 
 eminent was David David, who was one of the sons of the above-mentioned Lazarus 
 David. He was born in 1764, and was one of the wealthiest, most philanthropic and 
 most public-spirited of Montreal’s citizens nearly a century ago. He was one of the 
 chief founders of the Bank of Montreal in 1808, and one of the Directors of its first 
 Board. There was scarcely an important enterprise at that time in Montreal in which 
 he did not play a leading role, and his benevolent and self-sacrificing spirit made him 
 one of the most esteemed and most prominent of our public men. 
 
 In those days the Jews still labored under certain political disabilities in most 
 countries, and although in Canada the laws were much more favorable to them than 
 in other parts of the Empire, yet their right to sit in Parliament had nevei been 
 defined. In 1807, the question of their political status was suddenly raised by the 
 election in Three Rivers of Mr. Ezekiel Hart— son of Commissary Aaron Hart— as 
 member of the Legislature. Having declined to take the oath on the faith of a 
 Christian, in the usual way, the Clerk permitted him to take it in the Jewish form, 
 and with head covered. The majority of the House, influenced, it is said, more by 
 political partizanship than by any actual feeling of religious intolerance, objected, 
 and declared the seat vacant. After an exciting scene he was compelled to withdraw, 
 and the election was declared null. Ezekiel Hart again appealed to the people and 
 was again elected, defeating three other candidates by heavy majorities, but once 
 more he was prevented from taking his seat, and a bill was brought in to disqualify 
 Jews from being eligible to a seat in the House of Assembly. On the 15th May, 
 1809, the bill was to have come up for its third reading when the Governor General, 
 Sir James H. Craig, highly displeased with the measure, in angry and indignant 
 terms dissolved the House. “ You have dissipated your time,” said he, “ in passing 
 “ acts which appear to be unconstitutional unfringements of the rights of the subject, 
 “ and repugnant to the very letter of the statute of the Imperial Parliament under 
 “ which you hold your seats : and to have been matured by proceedings which amount 
 “ to a dereliction of the first principles of natural justice.” A struggle followed this 
 dissolution, but it was not till 1831 that all disqualifications were removed, by a 
 formal Act passed that year. It is a noteworthy fact that Canada extended full poli- 
 tical rights to the Jews more than a quarter of a century sooner than the mother 
 
 country. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 477 
 
 The affairs of the congregation having got into a rather unsatisfactory condition, 
 and the old Synagogue building near the Court House having been abandoned, an 
 earnest appeal for re organization was issued on the 24th July, 1826, signed by Ben- 
 jamin Hart. Steps were taken to raise the necessary funds for a new building, but 
 some time passed before tangible results were attained. Meanwhile the congregation 
 met for worship in a room provided by Mr. Benjamin Hart off his residence, at the 
 south-west corner of St. Helen and Recollet streets. Benjamin Hart was one of the 
 sons of Commissary Aaron Hart. He had removed to Montreal from Three Rivers 
 years previously, and was at this time one of the most active members of the Spanish 
 and Portuguese Synagogue. The fact that the residence of a gentleman of means 
 was then situated in St. Helen street is interesting as showing what a transformation 
 has taken place in Montreal since that time. 
 
 Steps were taken in 1831 and 1832 to have the formalities required by Legislative 
 Acts now properly complied with by the congregation. 
 
 On the 30th June, 1835, tlie congregation purchased a piece of land facing upon 
 Chenneville street and Lagauchetiere street, north-east corner, and began the erec- 
 tion of a Synagogue thereon. The corner-stone was laid by M. E. David, the grandson 
 of Lazarus David and nephew of David David. For fifty-two years the congregation 
 worshipped within the walls of this edifice. It was a neat stone structure with a 
 Doric facade, and a chaste and dignified interior. The building was planned and its 
 erection superintended by Moses J. Hays, the son of that Andrew Hays whom we 
 have mentioned among the founders of the congregation. He was a man of consider- 
 able prominence, whose restless spirit of enterprise led to his originating many 
 important public improvements. It was he who first established Water Works in 
 Montreal, and managed them for many years. He was also for some time Chief 
 Commissioner of Police. It is a noteworthy fact that another Israelite, Jacob Kuhn, 
 was Chief Commissioner of Police as far back as 1778. 
 
 In the erection of the Chenneville street building, the congregation was largely 
 assisted by the munificence of Mrs. Frances Michaels, the sister of David David, 
 whose generous gift of a considerable sum of money greatly facilitated the completion 
 of the work. Mrs. Michaels had then become possessed of that piece of the David 
 family’s property upon which the congregation had been permitted to erect their first 
 building. 
 
 It is a noteworthy fact that both during the War of 1812-14 and the Rebellion 
 of '*>37-3% we find a number of members of “ Shearith Israel" acting as officers 
 of British troops and rendering important assistance to the Government. We refer 
 more particularly to members of the David, Joseph, Hart and Hays families. 
 
 The first regular Rabbi of the Montreal Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue was 
 the Rev. J. R. Cohen, who came to Montreal in 1778, and after being here for some 
 while removed to Philadelphia, where he became minister of the Portuguese congre- 
 gation “ Mikve Israel " there. After his departure, Mr. Myer Levy temporarily 
 officiated, and after him Mr. Isaac Valentine. Upon the completion of the Chenne- 
 
47 8 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL* 
 
 ville street building the Rev. David Piza was appointed Rabbi. He held office for 
 several years and then returned to England, where he had been appointed to the 
 Bevis Marks Synagogue of London. In 1846, the Rev. Dr. Abraham de Sola was 
 elected Rabbi, and for nearly thirty-six years this eminent man guided the destinies 
 of the congregation with a sway that well attested his powerful influence over his 
 flock His brilliant career, which cast so much lustre upon the name of Hebrew in 
 
 Canada, has been fully described by us elsewhere. . 
 
 During its earlier years the congregation was unincorporated ; but aftei a while 
 Acts were passed affecting it, and, in 1846, a new Act of Incorporation was secured, 
 this having become necessary owing to the formation, that year, of another Jewish 
 congregation here. This second congregation, however, was very short-lived, and it 
 was not until between 1858 and i860, nearly a century after the formation of the 
 Portuguese congregation, that a second Hebrew congregation was permanently estab- 
 Ushed here, by the foundation at this latter date of the present German and Po hsh 
 congregation-made necessary by the immigration at this time of a number of Polish 
 and° German Jews, who now availed themselves of the Act of 1846. 
 
 Among the men who held office and figure prominently in the affairs of the 
 Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue, during or about the time of Dr. Abraham de Sok s 
 
 loner pastorate, we observe many well-known and honored names. I here was Dr. 
 
 \ H. David (grandson of Lazarus David), Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at Bishop s 
 College whose notable life we have chronicled elsewhere. (See page 480.) He 
 occupied in turn almost every lay office in the congregation, and was several times 
 its president. We also remark Mr. J. H. Joseph acting as honorary treasurer for 
 vears A very conspicuous place is held in the annals of the congregation at 
 this time by Samuel, Goodman and William Benjamin, who were such familiar ■and 
 popular figures in Montreal over a generation ago. They all held the highest offices 
 n the gift of “ Shearith Israel .” Samuel Benjamin was for some time a member of 
 the City Council of Montreal. Mr. Jesse Joseph, too, has for nearly half a century 
 figured among the most prominent and most important lay officers of the Spanish and 
 Portuguese Synagogue, and his ever-ready support of, and deep interest in, everything 
 tending to promote its welfare has conduced very much towards its prosperity. Among 
 other staunch supporters in years gone by were Mr. Alexander Levey, for some time 
 p resi dent; the venerable Gottschalk I. Asher, who passed away some while ago at 
 the patriarchal age of 96 years, and Mr. A. E. Cohen and Mr. Louis Davis ,-the 
 last mentioned being yet in office. Another officer who has long and loyally worked 
 for the best interests of the congregation is Mr. Israel Rubenstem, the present Par- 
 nas (ecclesiastical warden). A number of the descendants of the first settlers still 
 figure among its members, among whom we notice Mr. Gerald E. Hart, tne autior 0 
 “The Fall of New France.” Our limits prevent the continuation of a list th 
 might be much prolonged. We will not, though, omit referring to Mr. Jacob U 
 Samuel, who for upwards of a quarter of a century has been honorary secretary, and 
 whose ’indefatigable and faithful services have been as valuable as they have been 
 unostentatious. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 479 
 
 The death of Dr. Abraham de Sola, in 1882, led to the election of his son, the 
 Rev. Meldola de Sola, as Rabbi of the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue. As a 
 preacher, the Rev. Meldola de Sola is earnest, forcible and fluent, and he is a zealous 
 and conscientious worker in the field which he has chosen; laboring steadily in the 
 Jewish press, as well as in the pulpit, to advance the cause of Historical Judaism as 
 handed down to the House of Israel by their forefathers. 
 
 In 1883. a movement was inaugurated in the congregation towards the erection 
 of a more commodious Synagogue, and, at a general meeting of its members, held in 
 the autumn of that year, a committee was appointed to select a suitable site, and to 
 receive offers for the old property ; but it was not until the close of 1886 that suf- 
 ficient funds were collected to proceed with the work. In the spring of 1887, a piere 
 of property was purchased on Stanley street, above St. Catherine, and the work of 
 erecting the new building was immediately begun. The Building Committee was 
 composed of Messrs. Jesse Joseph, Louis Davis, Clarence I. de Sola, Jacob L. 
 Samuel, Horace Joseph, Israel Rubenstein, and the Rev. M. de Sola, ex officio . The 
 plans adopted were designed by Mr. Clarence I. de Sola, who directed the work of 
 erection throughout, and to whose energies was due much of the success of the 
 undertaking. The corner-stone was laid in September, 1887, by Mr. Gershom 
 Joseph, and on the 31st August, 1890, the edifice was completed and dedicated amid 
 imposing ceremonies. 
 
 The building is a most attractive place of worship, and is of peculiar interes 
 from an artistic point of view, owing to its design bring based upon the best traditions 
 of what is known of Jewish architecture — being a combination of the massive and 
 imposing forms of Ancient Egypt with the graceful outlines and luxuriant features of 
 Oriental Art — a combination at once chaste and elegant. Its noble colonnades, its 
 beautiful ark of mahogany and marble, the strict correctness of its forms, and the 
 harmonious tones of its coloring, all unite in producing a most pleasing and impres- 
 sive effect, while the markedly pronounced Jewish characteristics which predominate 
 throughout the entire edifice make it stand distinct in style from any other place of 
 worship in the city, and give it an individuality appropriately in keeping with the 
 striking individuality of the Peculiar People who worship within its walls. 
 
 Shortly before >the completion of the building— during the Legislative Session of 
 1889-90 — the congregation received a new Act of Incorporation, amending various 
 points of the previous Acts. It was framed by two of its members, Mr. G. Joseph, 
 B.C.L., and Mr. Lewis A. Hart, B.C.L. The latter was for some years Lecturer on 
 Notarial Practice at McGill. 
 
 The present Board of Officers of the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue, “Shear 
 ith Israel ,” are: — Mr. Gershom Joseph, President; Mr. Israel Rubenstein, Parnas ; 
 Mr. Jesse Joseph, Treasurer; Mr. Jacob L. Samuel, Hon. Secretary; and Messrs. 
 Louis Davis, Edward A. Benjamin and Clarence I. de Sola, Trustees. 
 
480 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 A. H. DAVID, M.D. 
 
 Aaron Hart David was the second son of the late Samuel David, Esq., merchant 
 who was born in Montreal in 1766. Dr. David was born m this cyon e, 
 October, 1812. He was partly educated in Montreal and partly at Round Hi 
 School, Northampton, Mass., under the charge of the Historian the Hon . 
 Bancroft, and while there had the honor of being presented by Mr Bancroft to the 
 late General Lafayette as a Canadian, and speaking French ; who shook hands with 
 
 him, when he visited that celebrated school. . , . Q 
 
 He commenced studying Medicine in January, 1830, in Montreal, and in 1833 
 proceeded to Edinburgh to complete his studies. He became a Licentiate of the 
 Royal College of Surgeons in 1834, and graduated in the University of that city m 
 1835, after which he returned to Montreal and commenced practice, where he re- 
 maid to his death. He was Professor of Practice of Medicine and Dean of die 
 Medical Faculty of the University of Bishop’s College, and a D.C.L He was 
 president of the Natural History Society of Montreal, and also one of the physi- 
 cians of Montreal General Hospital and St. Patrick’s Hospital, and enjoyed a large 
 
 and lucrative practice for many years. . . f 
 
 He was a member and ex-governor of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
 Lower Canada, and a life member of the Natural History Society of Montrea a 
 corresponding member of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec an ex t - 
 ordinary member of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh a member of the 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, a corresponding member of the Gynaco- 
 logical Society of Boston, a member of the British Association for the Advancement 
 of Science, a 'member of the Ameircan Association for the same, a member and 
 general secretary of the Canada Medical Association, and was one of the oldest 
 
 medical officers of the Volunteer Force in the Dominion, havmg served with he 
 
 Montreal Rifle Corps in 1837-38. Dr. David went to the Front during the Fenian 
 raid with the Hochelaga Light Infantry, of which corps he was surgeon. Dr. David 
 married the eldest daughter of the late Henry Joseph. 
 
COL. JOHN JONHS. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 481 
 
 JOHN JOI^ES, JUN. 
 
 The subject of this sketch, and grandfather of C. G. Jones, of this city, was born 
 in Little St. James street, in 1761, the first British-born subject in Montreal, and 
 died at lus son’s residence (Hon. Robert Jones of St. John’s) in 1842, in the eighty- 
 secona year of his age. He was Ashes Inspector, and preceded the well-known names 
 of Dyae & Major in that office ; also Colonel of the Militia and Volunteers for the district 
 of Montreal. It was he who gave Colonel Dyde his first commission in the Volunteers. 
 He owned the property on which the Merchants’ Bank and Nordheimer’s Block is now 
 erected. When quite a youth, he was entrusted by Lord Howe to carry over-land most 
 important dispatches to Halifax via Canada, which he successfully performed and re- 
 ceived the General’s thanks. He represented the County of Missisquoi in the Parliament 
 known as the Governor in Council. He and his son, C. H. Jones (father of C. G. 
 Jones), were at the battle of Plattsburg, the latter (not sixteen) acting as Aide-de- 
 Camp to his father. A powerful field glass picked up by him on the battle-field is 
 now in the possession of Mr. C. G. Jones. 
 
 I he father of Col. Jones, John Jones, Sen., came with his Regiment from New 
 York to Canada in 1761, to take possession of the country before the final Cession. 
 He was Quarter-master, and remained about a week in Montreal, during which time 
 Col. Jones was born. The Regiment then pushed on to Quebec, but he returned after- 
 wards with his Regiment to New York, and was appointed Captain of Fort Edward. 
 When the Revolutionary War of Independence broke out he fled with his family to 
 Canada. When General Burgoyne’s Army was formed in Canada against the Ameri- ' 
 can Colonists, he was appointed Quartermaster-General, and was accompanied in 
 this expedition by his son, John Jones, Jun. Both were taken prisoners, with the 
 whole British army, at Saratoga. When peace was declared they both returned to 
 Canada, John Jones, Sen., being appointed to the charge of the Military Station of 
 William Henry, now Sorel, and also agent for the Seigniory of William Henry, and 
 receiving a grant of 5,000 acres of land as a U. E. Loyalist, on which nearly all the 
 town of Sorel now stands. 
 
 John Jones, Sen., belonged to a very ancient Welsh family, whose descent can 
 be traced through his Crest and Arms to Nefydd Hardd, Lord of Nant Conway 
 founder of the VI Noble Tribe of North Wales and Powis, about A.D. goo. The 
 family are also connected with the Jones of Foreman Castle, near Cowbridge, Gla- 
 morgan, Wales, the Crest and Arms being similar. 
 
 John Jones, Jun., or Col. Jones, married Mary Magdalen Heney of Lachine. 
 Her father was the tactor of the North-West Fur Company’s Depot there 
 She was granddaughter of Charles Rene Lapailleur, who was descended from Jean 
 Lapailleur of Paris, whose son was procureur du Roi et Notaire Royal (French 
 Noblesse) of Batiscan (see Tanguay, Vol. 5). It was owing to the influence of Col. 
 Jones and family, that Lapailleur, the Patriot of 1837-38, was banished to Aus- 
 tralia, instead of suffering as his twelve compatriots did. Five sons of Col. Jones 
 
 31 
 
482 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 held Commissions during the Rebellion-two as Colonels and three, C. H -d ward and 
 T. W. Jones, as Captains of Cavalry. The troop of Thomas W Jones, of which he was 
 Captain, was a splendid Corps, the Queen’s Light Dragoons, which showed its me t.e at 
 the Battle of St. Eustache. It was not disbanded till 1850. It had the honor of being 
 drilled by the Earl of Cathcart, who declared that it was as efficient a body of 
 Cavalry as any in Her Majesty’s service. Lord Elgin brought about their dtsban- 
 donment because they would not charge the populace at the riot arising from the 
 burning of the Parliament Buildings in 1849. 
 
 The following are the particulars of Crest and Arms from Burke’s Heraldry, 
 
 18-8. 
 
 CREST. 
 
 A cubit arm erect in armour, ppr 
 headed ar. ernbued gu. 
 
 holding in the gauntlet a spear of the first 
 
 ARMS. 
 
 rl-.pf between three spear heads ar. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 4S3 
 
 SIMON FRASER. 
 
 Another of the old Montrealers of the last century. He was a Roman Catholic, and 
 came from Inverness. Lord Lovat was the head of the Fraser Clan, and to this 
 section Simon belonged. He will ever be remembered as the man who discovered 
 the River which bears his name, the Fraser River of British Columbia. He was 
 one of the most energetic agents of the Norih West Company, and striking one day 
 the banks of a noble river he launched on its waters, and followed it to its mouth 
 for hundreds of miles until it fell into the Pacific Ocean. Less than eighty years 
 passed, when the great Canadian Pacific Railway has followed his steps, and trains 
 now are conveying travellers down the Fraser River Valley to Vancouver through a 
 section of the Dominion which will yet be peopled by an industrious and agricultural 
 race. He was one of those whom Lord Selkirk placed in arrest for their part in the 
 uprising at tort Garry, and when Governor Semple was put to death in 1816. 
 
 REV. ED. BLACK, D.D., 
 
 Was born at Penningham, Wigtonshire, Scotland, December, 1793. Studied there, and 
 latterly in 1808 and following years passed his curriculum in Edinburgh University, 
 and in 1815 was licensed to preach. He was assistant to his father till 1822, when he 
 determined to emigrate to Canada. He remained in Montreal, and for twenty-three 
 years was one of its most successful preachers. He died May 7U1, 1845, > n the fifty- 
 second year of his age. He had married into the Greenshields family. His sister had 
 married a Rev. Samuel Richardson, who had succeeded the Rev. James Black in 
 Penningham. The Author of this work was connected with his Church for one year 
 when residing in Wigtonshire, and a few years after was connected with St. Paul’s, 
 Montreal, for five years. To Dr. Black must be due the grand church of St. Paul’s 
 of Montreal. He sowed the seed and the result is now seen — one of the healthiest 
 in a Christian point of view, and financially one of the strongest of all the churches in 
 the city, and overlooked by Rev. James Barclay, M.A., whose sketch is given else- 
 where in this Gazetteer. 
 
 JOSEPH ROY 
 
 Was born at Mascouche, October, 1771. His father was one of the early farmers 
 of that locality. I11 1790, he came to Montreal, and went into the employ of Mr. 
 Pasteur, an eminent sculptor of that time. Determined to get on he attended a night 
 school, and thus received a good commercial education. In 1803, he opened a store 
 at the corner of St. Paul street and Jacques Cartier square, and in time became one 
 of the great merchants of Montreal. In 1814, he was chosen against the celebrated 
 James Stuart, then Solicitor-General, as a candidate for Montreal. We living in these 
 last years of the century must look back and find that at this pericd great things 
 were required of the British Empire. He had thrown down the gauntlet against the 
 Government and against such a man as James Stuart. As a writer remarks of this 
 period, “ l’etat sous le rdgne de la terreur.” Governor Craig dissolved the Chamber 
 the second time in the short space of six months, having thrown into prison those 
 men who were the most prominent and remarkable against his administration. 
 
4S4 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 HON. HENRY STARNES. 
 
 He was the grandson of a U. E. Loyalist, of English descent, who settled in Canada 
 ■1 the close' of the American Revolution. His father married a French Canadian 
 lady He was born at Kingston, Ontario, 13th October, 1816, and educated at 1 
 Montreal College and the Rev. Mr. Esson’s Academy. He was for some years a 
 member of the firm of Leslie, Starnes & Co., wholesale merchants, Montreal. Has 
 been a Director of La Banque du Pen pie ; a Warden of Trinity House ; Vice- 
 President of the Board of Trade, and for many years Manager in Montreal of the 
 Ontario Bank, and Chairman of the Canadian Board of Directors of the 1 Liverpoo 
 and London and Globe Insurance Co., President of the Shedden Co and a 
 Director of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co. He was Mayor of Montreal 
 in i8<6 and i860, and Lieutenant-Colonel 1st Montreal Centre Reserve Militia. He 
 sat for Chateauguay in the Canadian Assembly, from General Elections, 1857, to 
 General Elections, 1863, when he retired. He unsuccessfully c oot e ^ ed M^ real a 
 the General Elections of 1857, and declined a seat m the Q^bec Cabinet 867 
 jJ e was sworn a Member of the Executive Council, 8th March, 1878. M as Speaker 
 of the Legislative Council, October, 1879, and Acting-Commissioner of Agriculture 
 and Public Works during the absence on public duties of Hon. . . J >• 
 
 Colter of Railways from 3,,, July, ,88, .0 January, .88 * .«d £ 
 Of Public Works in the Taillon Ministry, from the 25th to 27th January, 1887. 
 was appointed to his present position as Member of the Conned as far 
 
 back as 1867, and is now the President and Chairman of that body. Mr. Starne 
 name has been one of the best known in Montreal for the past ' hlrty ^ ^ ^ ’ 
 and his familiar face is recognized by everyone when it is seen m St. James Street. 
 
 HON. J. R. THIBAUDEA.U . 
 
 He was born at Cap Sant4, Portneuf County, P.Q., October xst, 1837. His pro- 
 “i," had come from France ,o Acadia during ,1,. French Revoluu.n m . 
 and thence to Lower Canada. Settling in Montreal, the young man » ‘ 
 
 business life, and was formerly head of the great drygoods firm of rh.baudeau 
 Beliveau & Archambault. He has been for years one of the most P— « 
 of Montreal. He is President of the Royal Electric Company, and \ ice-Pres.de 
 of the Royal Canadian Insurance Company and the Bell t elephone 
 the Montreal Cotton Company, and a Director of the North American Life Assurance 
 Company, and a Local Director of La Banque Nationale. He married, 9 
 ber 1873 Marguerite LaMothe, eldest daughter of Guillaume LaMothe whose ske 
 U found ’« pie ,82 of this G.*™, lute Postmaster of Montreal and has 
 interesting family. He was called to the Senate on January ■14th, 1878. 0» 7 
 
 oth, 1890, he was appointed Sheriff of Montreal, on the death of the Hon. > . 
 Chauveau, and our new incumbent fully sustains the duties and dignity of this g 
 
 Office. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 485 
 
 REV. JOHN SCRIMGER, M.A. 
 
 He was born at Galt, Ontario, 1849, and educated at Galt High School under 
 Dr. Tassie. Entered the University of Toronto, taking B.A. with two silver medals, 
 1869, M. A., 1871, and in Theology in Knox College, Toronto, He was Lecturer 
 on Latin Classical Literature in Knox College, Toronto, 1870-73. 
 
 He organized and conducted Missions in Hamilton and Toronto, both of which 
 are now self-sustaining churches. 
 
 He was ordained as Minister of St. Joseph Street (now Calvin) Presbyterian 
 Church, Montreal, 1873, which church grew rapidly under his pastorate. In 1874, 
 he was appointed also Lecturer on Hebrew and Greek Exegesis in the Presbyterian 
 College, Montreal, as successor to the Rev. Dr. Gibson, now of London, England. 
 He continued double duty until 1882, when he was appointed full Professor in this 
 Institution, and still continues to occupy the same position. Writer of articles in 
 various magazines on theological, practical and antiquarian subjects, a member 
 of several official Boards in the Presbyterian Church, and from 1879 t0 1881 was 
 Chaplain to the Grand Lodge of Free Masons for Quebec. 
 
 WILLIAM IIOBBS 
 
 Is the grandson of Henry Hobbs, 1771, of Staple Hill and Stapleton, Gloucester- 
 shire. England, landed proprietor, carrying on business in collieries, stone quarries, 
 flour mills, by steam and water power: and grand-nephew of Mr. Mackay, mer- 
 chant and ship owner of London, England, whose vessels traded between Lon- 
 don and Montreal as early as the beginning of the present century. The subject of 
 our sketch was the son of James Hobbs of Staple Hill, manufacturer. We may 
 mention that he was the nephew of William Hobbs of Didsbury, Lancashire, an 
 extensive cotton manufacturer of Spring Bank Mills, Stockport; Vale House 
 Mills, Entwistle, and Gibraltar Mills, Ashton-under-Line, England. He was a 
 Merchant of Montreal from 1809 to 1817, when he left Canada. 
 
 Mr. Hobbs came to Canada at the age of twenty, in 1851, joining the firm of 
 W. Whiteford & Co., successors to the late Peter McGill & Co., whose business he 
 succeeded in 1854, which he carried on for several years. In 1870, as promoter of 
 the Hudon Cotton Mills, he organized that Company, and made the plans for the 
 same. In 1872, he organized the Montreal Cotton Company, and designed the plans 
 for both the mills and bleach works, and superintended the erection of the mills 
 and machinery, as well as the construction of the canal water power, etc., 
 managing the mill for twelve months, until it was in good working order. In 1879, 
 he organized the Coaticook Cotton Company, and constructed the mills on plans of 
 his own design, and ran the same for two years, realizing large profits for the owners 
 during that period. In 1882, he organized the Magog Textile and Print Company of 
 Magog, at the outlet of Lake Memphremagog, designed the plans for the building 
 and superintended the construction of the same, and the erection of the machinery, 
 with the assistance of his son, Mr. William Henry Hobbs, and started all the cotton 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 486 
 
 machinery. He also designed the dam, embankment, canal and tail race, creating 
 a power of 2,500 horse power. In 1889, he assisted Mi. A. h. Gault in the amal 
 gamation and consolidation of the Dominion Cotton Mills Company, embracing 
 nearly all the grey and white cotton mills in the Dominion. Mr. Hobbs is still active, 
 and lias in hand projects in further developing water power which it is believed will 
 bring him still further honors, and eclipse all he has done in the past towards the 
 development of his adopted country, and the advancement of Montreal in particular. 
 
 CHAS. E. GOAD. 
 
 “ During the last seventeen years there has been established in Canada a very 
 important system of Insurance Surveys. The credit for the establishment of this 
 system belongs to Mr. Chas. E. Goad, C.E., of Montreal, Toronto and London, E.C., 
 England. Mr. Goad, who is a member of the American Society, and of the Canadian 
 Society of Civil Engineers, began his career on the staff of the Toronto, Grey and 
 Bruce Railway, then of the Montreal Northern Colonization Railway, and in 1876 
 was Chief Engineer of the Halifax and Cape Breton, after which he found it neces- 
 sary to the success of the system of insurance plans which he had inaugurated, to 
 give his whole time to the supervision of the work. A few years ago Mr. Goa 
 extended his operations to the United Kingdom, where the work is very much more 
 difficult, owing to the crooked and irregular thoroughfares and the manner m which 
 the buildings have been crowded together. In the British Isles, the suneys inclu e 
 twenty-five of the largest cities and towns, and cover an area of nearly twenty square 
 miles of the most closely built and valuable blocks in the world. His Atlas of 
 Montreal shows all building and street numbers, and also the official sub-division 
 numbers, which render it of great service to all who are interested in real estate. 
 Recently he has issued an excellent map of Montreal and vicinity, which is acknow- 
 ledged to be the best and most comprehensive map of the city ever published, and 
 Mr. Goad has exhibited considerable public spirit in producing so good a work at a 
 popular pi ice.” 
 
 REV. CANON MILLS. 
 
 The present efficient Rector of Trinity Church was educated at Woodstock Grammar 
 School and at Huron College, London, Ont. He is a graduate of the Western 
 University. Ordained Deacon in 1872, he was priested in 1873 by the Bishop of 
 Huron. His first appointment was Trinity Church, Norwich. He was next 
 Rector of St. Thomas, Seaforth ; then Rector of St. John’s, Quebec, and from there 
 he was elected as Rector of Trinity, Montreal, in 1882. 
 
 He was made Canon of Christ Church Cathedral in 1883, and Examining Chap- 
 lain to the Bishop in 1885. He is a Governor of the Montreal Diocesan College since 
 1889, and lecturer on Scripture History since 1884 in this institution. He marrie a 
 daughter of the late Stanley C. Bagg, whose Biography appears elsewhere m this 
 Gazetteer ; and, I may add, no man has for years past raised Trinity to its present 
 status and worked for its advancement more than its present Rector, the Rev. Canon 
 Mills. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 487 
 
 J. ARTHUR FRANCHERE, M.A., 
 
 Was born February 14, 1862, at St. Marie de Monnoir. His parents were Jacques 
 Franchere, M.D., and Demoiselle H. Boutillier, whose ancestors came from the 
 Island of Guernsey. The father’s family came originally from France. He was 
 educated at Le Petit Seminaire de Ste. Marie de Monnoir, and afterwards graduated 
 M.A. at the Eastman National Business College, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. He studied 
 Law at Laval University, Quebec, and in the offices of W. & A. H. Cook, Quebec, 
 and Roy & Boutillier, Montreal. He was admitted to the Bar, January, 1887, an d 
 practised with John P. Noyes, ex-Batonnier General of the Province, at Waterloo, 
 Until he was appointed Assistant Sheriff for the District of Montreal, June ri, 1889. 
 He acted as the Sheriff of Montreal on the death of the late Sheriff, Hon. P. J. O. 
 Chauveau, and until the appointment of the present Incumbent, Hon. J. R. Thibau- 
 deau. One of the rarest volumes now in Montreal was written by a near relation 
 of the subject of our sketch, viz., Gabriel Franchere. It is called “ Relations d’un 
 voyage a la cote du Nord-ouest de TAmerique septentrionale pout les annees 1810- 
 1 1-12-13-14.” Mr. Franchere is yet a young man, and will, if spared, make his 
 mark in the world. 
 
 THOMAS WESTON RITCHIE, Q.C., 
 
 Was born at Hatley, Province of Quebec, in 1838. His father was Registrar of the 
 District of St. Francis. He was called to the Bar in 1852, and appointed Queen’s 
 Counsel in 1867. After his admission to the Bar he commenced practice in Sher- 
 brooke, and afterwards associated in partnership the late Mr. Borlase. In i860, he 
 removed to Montreal and became a member of the firm of Rose, Monk & Ritchie. 
 When Mr. Monk was raised to the Bench, the firm then was named Rose & Ritchie. 
 When Sir John Rose left Canada for England, Mr. Ritchie associated with him J. 
 L. Morris and W. Rose as partners. Mr. W. Rose not long after also left to reside 
 in England, and Mr. Morris retired. Mr. Ritchie then took his son, Mr. W. F* 
 Ritchie, as partner, under the title of Ritchie & Ritchie. Mr. Ritchie was one of the 
 most prominent members of the Bar of the Province of Quebec. He stood high in 
 rank as an Advocate in Commercial Law, and held many important offices during 
 his lifetime. At the time of his sudden death he was Solicitor to the Bank of Montreal 
 and the Hudson Bay Company. He was both a Director of and Solicitor to the Mon- 
 treal, Portland & Boston Railway, also Solicitor to the following various insurance 
 companies: Standard, Canada Life, Commercial Union and Phoenix Fire. For 
 many years he acted as Crown Prosecutor for the District of Montreal. He died 
 suddenly on September 4, 1882, when on board “ The Lady of the Lake ” steam- 
 boat, when, with a party, he was taking a trip on Lake Memphremagog. His son is 
 now associated as partner with Leo Davidson, Esq., D.C.L., and the firm is David- 
 son & Ritchie. Miss Ritchie is one of the most talented young ladies who have 
 studied either for Law or Medicine. She has chosen the latter sphere, and is fast 
 making her mark in the profession. 
 
488 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 HON. GIDEON OUIMET, Q.C. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born at St. Rose, on the 3rd June, 1823. His father 
 was Mr. Jean Ouimet, of that place. He was educated at the College of St. Hya- 
 cinthe, and also at that of Montreal. After a thorough course of training and study 
 of Law he was admitted to the Bar of Lower Canada, in August, 1844, consequently 
 the lion, gentleman is one of the oldest practitioners in the District of Montreal, 
 only five names now bearing prior commission to his. He is now the only prac- 
 ticing Attorney on the list of the Montreal Bar who was admitted in 1844. 
 
 He practiced for some years at Vaudreuil, and was the Mayor of that village. 
 He sat for Beauharnois in the Canadian Assembly from the year 1858 until the 
 General Elections of 1861, when he was defeated. In the year 1867 (July), he was 
 appointed a member of the Executive Council, and held the high position of Attor- 
 ney General from that date till February 27, 1873, when the Chauveau Ministry 
 having resigned, the onerous, responsible and important duty devolved on him of 
 forming a new Ministry and Administration, in which he took the positions of Pro- 
 vincial Secretary and Registrar, also that of Minister of Public Instruction. He 
 was returned by acclamation at the General Elections of 1867, and re-elected at the 
 next General Elections. He was the President of the St. Jean Baptiste Societc in 
 1870 and again in 1871, also at one time the President of the Institut Canadien - 
 Branfais, and has been the Batonnier of the Bar of the Province of Quebec. The 
 hon. gentleman is the author of the Municipal Code of the Province, and also of 
 the Law on District Magistrates. He carried whilst in Parliament important amend- 
 ments on the qualifications of Jurors in criminal cases, and in the Code of Civil 
 Procedure. When the Ministry of which the hon. gentleman was Premier went out 
 of office, it was succeeded by the De Boucherville Cabinet. Since then Hon. Mr. 
 Ouimet has been Superintendent of Education for the Province, which high position 
 he still holds. 
 
 JOHN MORRIS AND CHARLES M. HOLT 
 
 Mr. Tohn Morris has long enjoyed a lucrative and influential practice, having been 
 associated under the firm name of Torrance &: Morris with the late Judge Torrance 
 until the latter's elevation to the Bench, and then with that eminent jurist, the 
 late Thos. W. Ritchie, Q C., and the late Sir William Rose, Bart., under the firm 
 name of Ritchie, Morris &: Rose. After Mr. Ritchie’s death, Mr. Morris asso- 
 ciated with him in 1885 Mr. Charles M. Holt. Mr. Morris, the senior member, 
 graduated in 1859, and has since then become a Queen’s Counsel, and is also a 
 Director in several of the leading companies in this city. He is the son of the late 
 Hon. Wm. Morris and a brother of the late Hon. Alex. Morris, and is a pleader of 
 the first rank. Mr. Holt obtained his degree of LL.L. at Laval University in 1883, 
 and has by his brilliant attainments in his profession contributed in a great measure 
 to their success. He is a son of the late Judge Holt, of Quebec. He has also pub- 
 lished a work on Railway Law which is the standard authority on that subject in 
 Canada. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 489 
 
 GEORGE A. HOLLAND, Sen. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born at Mount Shannon, Ireland, on the 12th May, 
 1812. His parents were Andrew Holland and Jane Clarke. He was educated in 
 Ireland. He came to Canada and settled at New Glasgow in 1827. Then came to 
 Montreal in 1832, and began business as clerk with his brother John, and during the 
 Rebellion took up arms to suppress it. He was then of the “ Band” in the army 
 that attacked St. Eustache. After some time he opened up for himself in Notre 
 Dame street, where he continued for many years as one of the largest businesses in 
 Montreal of wall paper and general fancy goods. At one time he did the entire 
 wholesale business of these lines of goods. He continued attending to the routine 
 of the establishment till his death on xst July, 1883. Mr. Holland was among the 
 first who sold largely to the Indians and the Hudson Bay Company. His two 
 brothers are still in Montreal and well-known citizens, Richard and Andrew. 
 
 The business is now carried on by his youngest son in Notre Dame street. 
 George, his eldest son, is engaged in the importation and manufacture of musical 
 instruments. He has the largest stock of band instruments in the Dominion, and 
 is a thorough musician. Hardly any public entertainment is given, or concert 
 arranged, without his aid and advice, himself being one of the principal performers. 
 
 George was born in Montreal, nth December, 1843. He commenced to 
 study music (violin first) at seven years of age. He joined the Active Militia 
 at the time of Trent Troubles as Bandsman of the Victoria Rifles, where he 
 remained for twelve years. He then joined the Sixth Fusiliers, where he 
 also remained for twelve years. He is now attached to the Royal Scots. He rose 
 from private to Bandmaster. He plays every instrument of both brass and string. 
 He is proficient also on the clarionet. He has performed in nearly all the principal 
 cities of the Dominion and throughout part of the United States. He has also 
 played at nearly all the principal local concerts of Montreal where instrumental music 
 was required, and at all the military concerts which were got up in the old Crystal 
 Palace by Colonel Fane, of the 25th Regiment. 
 
 He is, therefore, an authority as to value and make of almost any instrument, 
 having made it a life study. All kinds of instruments are sent from over the whole 
 Continent for his examination and approval. He is a true Montrealer, and one that 
 the City may be proud of as regards his instrumental lore and great musical ability. 
 
490 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTRFAL. 
 
 PIERRE S. GENDRON. 
 
 He was one of the late Prothonolaries of Montreal. He was born at St. Rosalie, 
 on the 31st of August, 1838, and educated in the College of St. Hyacinthe; he then 
 taught for nine years in the country, during which he studied Law under Mr. Louis 
 Tache. In i860, he was admitted to the Bar. He practiced as a notary from i860 
 to 1876, and was then called to the office of Prothonotary of Montreal. He 
 was elected Member for Bagotin the House of Commons in 1867. In 1871, he was 
 -again elected. In 1872, re-elected. In 1873, dual representation was abolished, and 
 he preferred to retain his seat in the Local and not the Federal Legislature. He 
 married in May, 1850, Louise Fournier. One of his sons was once President and 
 Professor of Philosophy in St. Hyacinthe College. 
 
 HON. WILLIAM MORRIS 
 
 Was born at Paisley, on the 31st October, 1786. On arriving at Montreal, Mr. 
 Morris’ father determined to remain in the city. He then engaged in shipping. 
 Mr. Morris was occupied in the quiet pursuit of his calling when a ship owned by 
 him, richly laden, was lost in the Straits of Belle Isle. The consequence was that 
 he was ruined and left Montreal to settle on a farm near Brockville. In 1809, he 
 died. 1 lie Hon. William Morris and Mr. Alexander Morris, eleven years afterwards, 
 voluntarily paid all his debts, and received from the creditors as a mark of regard 
 two. handsome pieces of plate. In 1812, when war with the United States was 
 declared, Mr. Morris left his business to serve his country. Having received his 
 ■commission of Ensign from General Brock, he joined the militia flank companies. 
 In October he volunteered with a British force under Lieut. -Col. Lethbridge in the 
 attack on Ogdensburg. After the close of the war, 1816, he proceeded with the 
 military settlers to the lands allotted to them, near the Rideau, and began business 
 in Perth. 
 
 About 1820, he was elected to the Provincial Parliament. Not long after he 
 initiated the discussion of that great Clergy Reserve question, which, for good or 
 evil, is inseparably associated with his name. In the year 1820, he moved and carried 
 an address to the King, asserting the claim of the Church of Scotland to a share of 
 the Clergy Reserves. In 1835, h e was elected for the sixth time for Lanark. In 
 1836, he was called to the Legislative Council. In 1837, there was a gathering in 
 Cobourg of members of the Scotch Church from all parts of Canada. The object 
 was to take counsel, to address the Throne, and claim with their fellow-subjects of 
 English origin a fair share of the lands set apart for the maintenance of a Protestant 
 clergy. Mr. Morris and Dr. Mathieson of Montreal were appointed to be the bearers 
 of petitions to the Queen and Parliament, setting forth the grievances of the Scottish 
 race in Canada. Mr. Morris’ conduct was so satisfactory that his countrymen pre- 
 sented him with a handsome piece of plate. 
 
 In 1837-8 he exerted great influence in organizing the militia of his county. In 
 1841, he was appointed Warden of the District of Johnstown. At the union of the 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 491 
 
 Provinces, he was called to the Legislative Council of Canada ; September, 1S44, he 
 was invited to accept the office of Receiver-General, and a seat in the Executive 
 Council. This office he continued to fill till May, 1847, when he succeeded to the 
 Presidency, which he held until the resignation of the Government in March, 1848. 
 From October, 1844, *° June, 1846, he was also a member of the Board of Works. 
 He died on the 29th June, 1858, in the 72nd year of his age. 
 
 REV. HENRY ESSON, M.A. 
 
 Was born in Deeside, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1793. His father was a farmer 
 of the shire. Educated in Marischal College, Aberdeen, he came to Montreal in 
 1817. He soon made himself felt in his ministrations as a scholar, a gentleman and 
 a brilliant speaker. He was twice married, first to Maria Sweeney. 'This lady be- 
 longed to the Sweeney family whose sketch is placed elsewhere in this Gazetteer. 
 They were a large family as the marriage register witnesses. Signed to it were Camp- 
 bell Sweeney, M. C. Sweeney, Anna, Elizabeth, Robert, Campbell, jun., and James. 
 She died February, 1826, only twenty-four years of age. In 1842, he married the 
 second time, Elizabeth Campbell, sister of A. J. Campbell, formerly of the Mer- 
 chants Bank of Canada. She was also the aunt to our esteemed friend, Rev. F. 
 Renaud, now Rector of St. Thomas, Montreal, and late of St. Johns, and aunt to 
 his sister, the wife of the popular Bishop of Algoraa, Bishop Sullivan. After a long 
 life he died on May n, 1853, in the 6ist year of his age, and was buried in Mount 
 Royal Cemetery. 
 
 IION. G. A. NANTEL, 
 
 Descended from an old French family of navigators from Dieppe, is the son of 
 Guillaume Nan tel, one of the first settlers in St. Jerome, P.Q., by Adelaide Desjar- 
 dins, ofSt. TherAse de Blainville. He was born in St. Jerome, P.Q., November 4, 1852, 
 and educated at the Seminary of St. Th6r£se de Blainville. He married June, 1885, 
 Emma Tasse. Studied Law under Mr. Justice Belanger and Mr. J. A. Ouimet, M.P., 
 with whom he subsequently practiced in partnership for three years. He was called 
 to the Bar of the Province of Quebec in 1875. He 1S a practising Advocate and 
 Editor of Le Nord, a colonization Journal published at St. Jerome. He has been 
 assistant editor of La Minerve . He is a Director of the Montreal Colonization 
 Railway Company. First returned to Commons for present seat at General Elec- 
 tions, 1882, he resigned to make way for Hon. J. A. Chapleau, who was elected and 
 became Secretary of State in the Dominion Cabinet ; he was then elected for present 
 seat in Legislative Assembly of the Province or Quebec, August 30, 1882, and re- 
 elected at last General Election. When the dismissal of the Mercier Government 
 took place 22nd of last December, Mr. Nantel was chosen to the high honor of being 
 elected as a member of the Executive Council as the Attorney General for the Pro- 
 vince, which position he at present holds. 
 
\ 
 
 > y 
 
 492 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 EMELIE TRAVERNIER. 
 
 In 1828, the subject of this sketch, the widow of J. B. Gamelin, commenced a com- 
 pany to look after the aged and infirm women of the city, and to visit the sick at their 
 homes, but especially the poor, which resulted in the establishment of the Sisters of 
 “ La Providence.” His Grace the late Archbishop Bourget sanctioned the work and 
 blessed the community in 1844 — six Sisters, she was the first Superioress. At first there 
 were only six Sisters, now they are an influential body, and have built some very fine 
 establishments in and around Montreal. Chief of these were the immense 
 buildings at Longue Pointe (burned some time ago), where one of the largest 
 Lunatic establishments in the world was located. Of all the Sisters which have 
 joined this Community none have been so much before the public as Sister 
 Therese, who died a short time ago. She never recovered the effects of the terrible 
 catastrophe of the burning of her grand home for lunatics. 
 
 This lady was the first Superioress of the “ Filles de Ste. Anne.” On the 13th Sep- 
 tember, 1848, the Bishop of Montreal authorized several pious persons to unite at 
 Vaudreuil and live in a Community. They procured the buildings of the Sacred 
 Heart, and established themselves at Lachine, where they have a fine Boarding 
 School and Institution for the education of young girls. The Convent is beautifully 
 situated on the banks of the St. Lawrence, opposite the Lachine Rapids, and every 
 attention is paid to the education and oversight of the large number of pupils always 
 intrusted to their care. 
 
 Was born in London, of an old Kentish family, in 1834 ; educated at the Grammar 
 School, Bedford; came to Canada in 1845, to St. Catharines, Ontario. He came to 
 Montreal in 1881. He has written largely for the press. Many of his poems are 
 well known to the reading public. Some of them attracted the notice of Longfellow 
 and Charles McKay, from whom Mr. Giles received flattering letters in connection 
 with them. He is also the author of a most interesting work, styled “Vox Dei 
 aut Vox Populi,” published in 1874. This work received the highest commenda- 
 tion of the Rev. T. C. Evans, D.D., of New York, who, reviewing it, thus says: — 
 “ It is as a whole so admirable in respect of perspicuity, strength, vivacity, terseness 
 of expression, in short of all those elements which are clustered under the phrase, 
 ‘ English style/ It is so copious in apt quotations and so convincing in all its 
 arguments.” For some years Mr. Giles has not written much, his time being too 
 occupied ; but perhaps in the near future all his fugitive pieces may be gathered 
 together, and they will surely make one of the most readable volumes published in 
 this country. 
 
 MLLE. MARIE ESTHER S. BLONDIN. 
 
 II. M. GILES 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 493 
 
 FRANCIS CASSIDY, Q.C. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born of Irish parentage at the Village of St. Jacques 
 de L’Achigan, in the Province of Quebec, in 1827. He received his education at 
 the College of L’Assomption, where he was remarked for his untiring zeal in the prose- 
 cution of every branch of his studies. Leaving college he entered the office of Moreau 
 & Leblanc, and was called to the Bar of Lower Canada in the year 1848. Sir Louis H. 
 Lafontaine having remarked his talent and ability, offered him the situation of Deputy 
 Receiver-General, at an income of £400 per annum, which Mr. Cassidy modestly refused 
 on account of his youth. At the time of his death he was one of the oldest practition- 
 ers at the Montreal Bar, his partner being the late Sheriff of Montreal, and the firm 
 being styled “Leblanc & Cassidy.” In 1863, he was created a Q.C., and also Batonnier. 
 In 1871, he was elected by acclamation for Montreal West in the Local Legislature 
 of Quebec. On the retirement of Mr. Coursol from the Mayoralty in February, 
 1872, Mr. Cassidy was elected by acclamation. Illness, however, prevented him 
 from occupying the office long. He, however, fulfilled the duties of Mayor in an 
 able manner during the short term which his health permitted him to do. Not long 
 before his election to the Chief Magistracy of the city, Mr. Cassidy was seized with 
 a severe illness, being very feeble at the time of his inauguration, and afterwards pre- 
 vented, except on one or two occasions, from filling the office. He died on the 14th 
 June, 1872. His only brother, John L, Cassidy, lately deceased, was one of the 
 largest — if not the largest — merchants in glassware and china in Montreal, his busi- 
 ness being carried on in that beautiful block on St. Paul street called the Nuns 
 Buildings. 
 
 ALEX. H. KOLLMYER, M.D., 
 
 Is the son of the late Henry Christian Kollmyer, and was born in Montreal, May 18, 
 1832. He was educated here, especially in the Royal Grammar School kept by the 
 late Alexander Skakel, LL.D. This was then the only institution in Montreal where 
 a classical education could be obtained. When that gentleman died, all the pupils 
 were transferred to the High School, which was then under the care of the Rev. Mr. 
 Simpson. He remained there until 1848, when he became connected with the then 
 well-known establishment of R. W. Rexford, Chemist and Druggist, remaining there 
 for four years. 
 
 Desirous to prosecute Medicine, he became, in 1851, a student of McGill, and 
 was appointed House Apothecary to the Montreal General Hospital in 1855. In 
 1856, he obtained his degree of M.D. In 1868, he was appointed Lecturer on 
 Materia Medica in the Montreal College of Pharmacy. I11 1869, he was appointed 
 Lecturer on Botany in the same Institution, and in 1872-73, he alone gave, greatly to 
 his credit, the whole of the three courses of six months lectures on Chemistry, 
 Materia Medica and on Botany, and solely through his instrumentality is due the 
 fact that by his keeping up these lectures the druggists of Montreal obtained their bill 
 through Parliament in 1874, by which they are now enabled to educate and license 
 
494 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 their young men. In 1871, he was appointed Professor of Materia Medica and 
 Therapeutics in the Medical Faculty of the University of Bishop’s College, and during 
 the same year an honorary degree of M.A. was conferred upon him by the same 
 University at its Convention in Lennoxville. He died some years ago. 
 
 WILFRED PREVOST. 
 
 He was descended from Guillaume Prevost, a merchant of Paris, France, who was 
 one of the Cent Associbs, son of M. Guillaume Prevost, merchant of St. Anne des 
 Plaines, Terrebonne, Quebec, by Marie Josephte Quevillon ; and brother of G. M. 
 Prevost, N.P., who represented the County in the Canadian Assembly from 1854 
 to 1857. He was born at St. Anne des Plaines, 1st of May, 1832, and educated at 
 St. Sulpice College, Montreal, and at the Colleges of L’Assomption and St. Hyacinthe. 
 He married 4th July, 1852, Delle Angelique Reine Marier. He was called to 
 the Bar of Lower Canada in 1853, and enjoys an extensive practice in the District 
 of Terrebonne. After repeated refusals to accept representation of the County in 
 Parliament, at length he consented to stand for the Commons at the General Elec- 
 tions of 1872, and was returned by acclamation ; re-elected at last General Election. 
 
 WM. H. DRUMMOND, M.D. 
 
 The subject of our sketch is an Irishman, having been born in the County of Lei- 
 trim, Ireland. He came to Canada when only eleven years of age with his family. 
 His father was an officer in the Royal Irish Constabulary. 
 
 On arriving in this country the family settled in Montreal, where the father died 
 within a year afterwards. Dr. Drummond was educated in Montreal, and graduated 
 from Bishop’s University as C.M., M.D., in 1883. He at once engaged in the 
 practice of his profession, and shortly after located at Stornoway, in the eastern part 
 of St. Francis District, and afterwards for a time at Knowlton, Quebec. 
 
 In 1887, he returned to Montreal. In his younger days he gave a good account 
 of his skill and ability in the gymnasium and athletic field. He is a thorough sports- 
 man, fully imbued with the true spirit of sport. He is a capital shot. Last year, 
 on the Grand Cascapedia, he had the good fortune to kill the monarch of the salmon 
 season of 1890, weighing 50 lbs. 8 oz. 
 
 He has three brothers, two of whom, George E. and Thomas J. Drummond, are 
 the well-known iron and steel merchants, of Montreal. The other, John J. Drum- 
 mond, is Manager of the Canada Iron Foundry Company at Radnor, Quebec. The 
 wonderful development of the country in its iron industry is spoken of in this 
 Gazetter at page 308, and commends itself to all our readers. 
 
 Mr. Drummond’s reputation as a humorous writer, especially of habitant Eng- 
 lish verse, extends all over the Continent. That his poetic genius is not confined 
 to the humorous or burlesque, is evidenced by his “ October Days.” One of his 
 articles, Cauda Morrhucc , shows a good deal of the Tom Hood versatility of 
 composition. 
 
GAZETTEER OK MONTREAL. 
 
 495 
 
 Perhaps the most important piece is the one he wrote for the last Christmas 
 number of the Dominion Illustrated News. This was the best piece of the whole 
 of that issue. One of his finest habitant English verse pieces decidedly is “The 
 Papineau Gun.” 
 
 HON. JOSEPH HYACINTHE BELLEROSE 
 
 He is the son of the late M. H. Bellerose, merchant, Three Rivers, Que., by 
 Sophia La Maitre de Lottinville, and was born at Three Rivers, 12th July, 1820, 
 and educated at the Colleges of Nicolet and St. Hyacinthe. He married, 1847, * 
 Henrietta, daughter of Lieut.-Colonel Armand, and sister of Hon. J. F. Armand* 
 Senator, He has been for many years Vice-President of the Sovereign Fire Insurance* 
 Company ; Mayor of his Municipality; Commissioner under 2 Vic., c, 29, Statutes 
 Lower Canada, and President of the Union Navigation Company, Has long been 
 prominently connected with the Volunteer Militia movement in Lower Canada 
 and in 1859 was Commander of the whole Force in Military District No. 8. Is now 
 Lieut.-Colonel commanding Laval Reserve Militia. In 1858, Her Majesty the 
 Queen, being desirous of showing her estimation of his military services, charged Sir 
 E. W. Head, then Governor-General, to offer him a Captaincy in the 100th or 
 “ Prince of Wales Royal Canadian Regiment,” then being organized, a position he 
 accepted, but subsequently, for private reasons, he resigned, notwithstanding that 
 he had passed the necessary examinations therefor. On two occasions he declined 
 important appointments under Government, and after the death of Sir G. E. Cartier, 
 refused a seat in the Cabinet owing to the unsettled policy of the Government on 
 the Manitoba Amnesty and the N. B. School questions, but principally on account 
 of the Pacific Railway charges then pending. He sat for Laval in the Canadian 
 Assembly from the General Election in 1863 until the Union, and for the same seat 
 in the Commons from that event until called to the Senate, 7th October, 1873, 
 Represented Laval in Quebec Assembly from the Union until General Elections in 
 1S75, when he retired, and was during the whole of that time Chairman of the Con- 
 tingent Committee, and, as such, effected great reductions in the House expenditure- 
 was for some years Chairman of the Private Bills Committee of the Senate. During 
 the Session of 1871 he was offered the Speakership of the Legislative Assembly of 
 Quebec for the next Parliament, which he then accepted. He is still, as ever 
 always on the lookout for everything that may benefit Canada in general, and his 
 native Province — Quebec— in particular. He resides at St. Vincent de Paul, a 
 beautiful village on the banks of the “ Back River,” as it is called, and is only a 
 few miles from Montreal. 
 
 ADAM SCOTT 
 
 Was a prominent merchant in Montreal in 1792. He was an energetic individual, 
 and figures in the Scotch Church of that period as Chairman of the Committee of 
 its temporal affairs. He reached to the age of seventy years, but died December 20, 
 1818. 
 
49 6 
 
 GAZETTEER OP MONTREAL. 
 
 HON. JAMES K. WARD, M.L.C. 
 
 His father was a native of Dunham, England. After serving in the 3rd Dragoon 
 Guards from 1799 to 1816, and passing through innumerable adventures, skirmishes 
 and battles, he retired after the battle of Waterloo and settled in the Isle of Man, 
 where he died in 1834. The subject of our sketch was born in Peel, Isle of Man, 
 9th September, 1819. He was educated at Douglas, the capital of the Island. He 
 served his apprenticeship as a practical mechanic in the Island, and emigrated to 
 New York in 1842. After spending ten years of his life in the United Stales, he at 
 last settled in Montreal, Canada, where he has been ever since engaged in the 
 lumber business, selling and manufacturing. He is a Justice of the Peace, and a Life 
 Governor of the General Hospital, the Women’s Hospital, the House of Industry 
 and Refuge and the Protestant Hospital for the Insane. He has been Commissioner 
 of the Protestant School of Cote St. Antoine, and the President and Vice-President 
 of several important industrial Corporations in Montreal. Like so many of the 
 Manxe he is a Liberal, and has always gone against the absorption of the smaller 
 States by the greater and more influential, as has been seen on the Continent of 
 Europe for the last quarter of the century. T he Hon. Mr. Ward has greatly 
 improved the South-east of Montreal by his connection with the large Cotton Mill 
 there erected. He married, in 1848, Eliza King of London, England, who died some 
 years after. When he arrived in Canada he married the second time Lydia Tren- 
 holme, of Kingsey, P. Q. This family is well known in Montreal. Two brothers, 
 a Lawyer and a Doctor, bear the records of the family. The Doctor, one of the most 
 well known and beloved physicians of Montreal, died lately in the Western States, 
 the other has attained to the high distinction of Dean of the Legal Faculty of McGill 
 University. 
 
 REV. S. R. ROSE 
 
 Was born in Mount Elgin,’ Middlesex County, Ont. His father was the late Rev. 
 Dr. Rose, for many years manager of the Methodist Book Room. His brother is 
 the Hon. John E. Rose, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, Ont. In early life 
 the subject of our sketch was of a delicate constitution, hence his education was not 
 of the most rigid kind. He attended Upper Canada College and then went into the 
 Book Room. Whilst there he became a public speaker on Temperance and other 
 topics. After ordination he was placed at Peterborough, then he went to Belleville, 
 Newmarket, Orillia, Toronto, Brantford and lastly Dominion Square Church, Mon- 
 treal. He is an effective preacher and greatly beloved by his Congregation, who 
 say “ it is a benediction to have the opportunity of listening to him.” 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 497 
 
 REV. CHAS. BANCROFT, D.D., LL.D. 
 
 The subject of our sketch is one of the very few in this great list of seven hundred 
 Biographies published in this Gazetteer that was born in Montreal, therefore 
 claiming the Metropolitical city of the Dominion as his birthplace, and like the 
 others being an ornament to Montreal. He was born in Montreal, July 19th, 1819; 
 educated at Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg’s School, New York, and afterwards entered as a 
 student in Columbia College (which formerly was called Ring’s), New York City. 
 There he passed through all his classes with distinction, and after his curriculum grad- 
 uated first as B.A., then M.A., and latterly D.D, He was one of our Montreal clergy 
 who received more honors than generally falls to the lot of citizens of this city. He 
 received an ad eiimiem M.A., and afterwards D.D. from Bishop’s College, Lennox- 
 ville, and an M.A. and LL.D. from McGill University, Montreal — honors well 
 bestowed on a son of the soil. 
 
 Dr. Bancroft was ordained Deacon in 1843 an d Priest in 1844 by the Bishop of 
 Quebec. He was first appointed to St. Paul’s Chapel, Quebec ; afterwards he was 
 Curate at St. Anne’s, Brooklyn, N.Y. Resigning this cure he was appointed to St. 
 Thomas’s Church, Montreal, before that edifice was donated to the diocese by the 
 will of the late 'Thomas Molson, and the choice had fallen on him. It is rather 
 remarkable that the choice has ever since been given to St. Johns or neighboring 
 clergy. They have been since Dr. Bancroft’s day : Rev. Mr. McLeod, late of Christie- 
 ville ; Rev. Robert Lindsay, late of Brome, and now Rev. Mr. Renaud, late Rector 
 of St. Johns, Quebec. 
 
 In 1848, he left St. Thomas and became Rector of St. Johns, where he remained 
 till September, 1858. Jn October of the same year he was appointed Rector of 
 Trinity Church, Montreal, where he continued till his death. His great work was in 
 erecting that beautiful structure, the present Trinity Church in \ iger Square, the 
 graceful spire of which was raised at the sole expense of the late William Molson, 
 Esq. For years the large congregation worshipped in what was once a Dissenting 
 Chapel, then the Cathedral Church, after the Parish Church was burned in Notre 
 Dame street, and it is now a manufactory, opposite the north entrance to the Champ 
 de Mars. When Trinity finally abandoned this building it was used as a Military 
 Chapel, and the writer and Author of this volume was one of Her Gracious Majesty’s 
 Military Chaplains, who conducted services in it. Before that and for some time he 
 had been Assistant Minister to Dr. Bancroft in Trinity Church (the same building). 
 This was his first clerical charge. 
 
 In 1854, Dr. Bancroft was made an Honorary Canon of Christ Church Cathedral. 
 He published a volume called “ The Church Hymn Book,” which was greatly 
 used throughout the Diocese in these days. He also issued “ Family Prayers, 
 a “ Sunday School Manual ” and a volume of Sermons. After a busy, earnest and 
 successful life he died near Boston, Mass., November 26th, 1877. He married in 
 Philadelphia, in 1844, Miss Smith, and had two sons and five surviving daughters. 
 
 32 
 
49 s 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 His son following in the footsteps of his father, entered the ministry of the Church. 
 Charles, after his father’s name, was also born in Montreal in 1845. He was edu ' 
 cated at McGill College and at Caius College, Cambridge, England. He is a 
 graduate of McGill College. Ordained Deacon in 1866 and Priest in 1869, he was 
 first Curate of Trinity Church, Montreal, then Curate of Woodstock, Ont. After this 
 he was Incumbent of Mansonville, Quebec, and Rector of Knowlton. At present 
 he is Rector of Sutton. He married, in 1869, Miss Foster, of Knowlton, and has 
 seven children. I have, as Author of this Gazetteer, much pleasure in recording the 
 past career of my pupil, Rev. Charles Bancroft, jun., and remark that he was the 
 Preacher at the last meeting of the Synod of the Diocese of Montreal. 
 
 One of the daughters of the late Dr. Bancroft married Mr. R. H. Buchanan, an 
 important agent in Montreal for all kinds of machinery, but he is best known as the 
 enlightened and well-beloved Superintendent of Christ Church Cathedral Sunday 
 School, which position he has held for many years. He is a cousin of W. Buchanan, 
 Esq., late President of the Bank of Montreal, and as a young man, he is one to be 
 held up as a beacon light to other Montrealers to go and do likewise. His whole soul 
 is in his Sunday School work : and here publicly I thank him, and my confrere the 
 Roman Catholic Chaplain does also, that he donated by his Sunday School children 
 to the Montreal Male Prison a Melodeon, by which the Sunday services are much 
 more improved, and both the Gregorian and modern chants are much appreciated by 
 the “ miserable sinners ” within its walls. 
 
 HON. FELIX GABRIEL MARCHAND 
 
 Was the son of Gabriel Marchand, who came from Quebec in 1802, and settled in 
 St. Johns. Born there, January 9, 1832. He was educated at St. Hyacinthe Col- 
 lege, and admitted a Notary in 1855. He married September 12, 1854, Miss Marie 
 Herselie Turgeon. He founded and was for several years editor and proprietor of 
 Le Franco- Catiadien newspaper. He was elected a member of the Executive of the 
 Reform Association of the Parti National of Montreal, 1875. Holds from the Gov- 
 ernment of France the decoration of Officer of Public Instruction. He is the Author of 
 jj Erreur n'est pas compte ; Les Faux Brill ant ; Fatenaille , and of several other 
 dramatic pieces in verse and prose. He was Lieut.-Colonel commanding the 21st 
 Batt. Richelieu Light Infantry. Commanded a Brigade at the front during the 
 Fenian excitement in 1870. Sworn of the Executive Council and appointed Provin- 
 cial Secretary, March 8, 1878, which office he held until appointed Commissioner of 
 Crown Lands, March 19, 1879, and resigned October 30, 1879. He was elected 
 Speaker of Legislative Assembly January 29, 1887. He was first returned to Legis- 
 lative Assembly at the General Elections in 1867 ; re-elected by acclamation at 
 General Elections in 1871, General Elections in 1875, General Elections in 1878, 
 and General Elections in 1881. Re-elected at last General Elections after a contest. 
 His talented daughter and brilliant writer is the wife of R. Dandurand, and her portrait 
 is one of the illustrations of this Gazetteer. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 499 
 
 REV. EDMUND WOOD, M.A. 
 
 This well-known and popular clergyman, now one of the oldest Episcopal Rectors 
 of Montreal, was born in London, England. He was educated at University Col- 
 lege School, London ; afterwards passed through the curriculum of the University of 
 Durham, in the North of England, where he graduated M.A. He was ordained 
 Deacon by the late Dr. Lee, Bishop of Manchester, and Piiest at Montreal in 1861 
 by the Metropolitan of Canada. He was first appointed assistant to Christ Church 
 Cathedral and afterwards Incumbent of St. John the Evangelist’s. In this church he 
 has remained during all the “ chances arid changes ” of spiritual rulers and city de- 
 velopment. The original building has passed away, being an old school house in what 
 was once called the English Burying Ground, now Dufferm square. Afterwards a 
 small chapel was built at the corner of St. Urbain and Dorchester streets where the 
 congregation met for many years until it was impossible to give room to the numbers 
 who always crowded to the services. At last the congregation determined to build 
 a much larger church, which was accomplished in the edifice that now stands at the 
 corner of Ontario and St. Urbain streets. One of the largest and most flourishing 
 congregations in Montreal constantly attend this church. It is the only (what may 
 be called) High Church in the city in connection with the Church of England — the 
 Rector being ably assisted by Rev. Dr. Wright and Rev. Arthur French, B.A. Oxon. 
 
 For years the only really Church School in Montreal, perhaps in the Province, 
 except that of Lennoxville, in connection with the college, has been kept up by the 
 hard-working clergy of St. John’s. And after years of patient toil, they have at 
 last seen one of the best buildings for a new School, Rectory, Boys’ Boarding 
 Establishment, etc., built on the vacant lot of the Church property. This school is 
 undoubtedly one of the best in the country. It has all the appliances of the best 
 institutions of the present day with a large staff of skilled and talented masters, and 
 is always full to the required number. Rev. A. French is the head master, a born 
 teacher, and a credit to St. John’s. One of the lately deceased citizens of Montreal 
 enabled the Corporation of the Church and School to complete the whole arrange- 
 ment by a generous gift of ten thousand dollars ; another friend has lately given 
 $5,000 fora new organ to the church ; another at his death a few weeks ago has left 
 $10,000 to the Rector; certain friends are about erecting a pulpit which will cost 
 at least five thousand dollars,— so the good work goes on. Although Mr. Wood 
 has now been over thirty years as Incumbent and Rector of St. John’s, he 
 still glories in the plain ecclesiastical title of “ Mr.,” and while he has seen men 
 advanced high in station in the Church, he has labored on — not for the empty titles 
 of this world, which soon pass away, but for that crown which never fades in 
 Paradise. Long may he yet be spared to continue his good work. The Author of 
 this short sketch can testify in his peregrinations amongst all nationalities and classes 
 in his position as Chaplain to the Gaols of Montreal, and thus meeting all “ kinds and 
 conditions of men,” that he has never heard one derogatory word spoken against 
 “ Father Wood,” as he is so popularly called by every denomination, but ever and 
 
500 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 always has heard him spoken of in the highest terms of praise, admiration and friend- 
 ship His life is wrapped up in St. John’s ; for its advancement he has in the past 
 labored, for its advancement in the future is he only anxious; and when all is 
 accomplished, when the church outwardly and internally is finished, when the 
 various Guilds, Associations and Societies are fully equipped, and all the externals of 
 the Parish, as well as the internal arrangements of the Church and School, are fully 
 completed, then he will be able to say as St. Simeon in his Divine Canticle, and which 
 he has so often sung for over thirty years at Evensong in his loved church, in his 
 own harmonious and rich voice, “ Lord now lettest thou Thy servant depart in peace." 
 
 ST. JOHN SCHOOL. 
 
 REV. DONALD ERASER, D.D. 
 
 “ London, February 13111,1892. — Rev. Donald Eraser, M. A., D.D., died to da). 
 Such was the announcement, a few days ago, of the death of a former well known 
 
 minister of Montreal. , . 
 
 “Donald Fraser, M.A., D.D., was well-known to Montrealers, having served lo 
 
 some years as minister of the old Cotte Street Presbyterian Church. He was born 
 at Inverness, Scotland, on January 15th, 1826, his father being Provost of the 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 501 
 
 Borough and his mother one of the Frasers of Kirkhill. After five years’ study at 
 Aberdeen University he took the degree of M.A. He studied Divinity at Knox Col- 
 lege, loronto, and later at the New College, Edinburgh. He was ordained a Minister 
 in 1851, and inducted to the charge of Cotte street congregation. In 1859, ^ ie *°°k 
 charge of the Free Church congregation in his native town of Inverness. In 1870, 
 he accepted a call to the Marylebone Presbyterian Church, London, where he has 
 since labored, becoming one of the best known of the ministers of the great 
 metropolis. Twice he was elected Moderator of the Presbyterian Church of England. 
 He was also Vice-President of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and was 
 prominently connected with many missions and charities. In 1872, the University 
 of Aberdeen conferred on him the degree of D.D. He published at various times 
 two volumes of “ Synoptical Lectures on the Books of Holy Scripture,” which went 
 through four editions ; “ Metaphors in the Gospels ; ” “ Seven Promises Expounded ; ” 
 “ Speeches of the Holy Apostles,” two editions ; “ The Church of God and the 
 Apostacy,” and a “Biography of Thomas Chalmers, D.D.,” and of “ Mary Jane, 
 Lady Kinnaird.” He contributed also to the Pulpit Commentary and various reviews. 
 Colonel Torrance Fraser, his brother, is the only one of the family now remaining.” 
 
 ALEXANDER FERGUSON. 
 
 He was the son of an old Waterloo hero, who was a comrade in arms of the well- 
 known Colin McDonald, late Town Major. They were both in the 79th Highlanders. 
 The subject of this sketch was born in Edinburgh Castle in 1810, where his father’s 
 regiment was stationed. It is said he was born in the very identical room where Mary, 
 Queen of Scots, was born. This is doubtful, as that part of the Castle is set apart as 
 precious to Scotsmen in general and antiquarians in particular. Alexander Ferguson 
 came to Montreal in 1840. He entered into the forwarding business under the firm of 
 Macpherson & Crane, ultimately becoming\a partner. Although immersed in trade, 
 he had a fine literary taste, and many ariicies of his appeared in the Herald under 
 the nom de plume of “ McCrimmon.” He died of consumption, TStMay, 1846. He 
 was married to a Miss Orkney, grand-daughter of the first Benaiah Gibb. Mrs. 
 Ferguson, his widow, lived with Benaiah Gibb, Jun., in his fine house, near Phillips 
 Square, and she died not many years ago. 
 
 JOHN BATES, Sen., 
 
 Was born in 1800, in Wexford County, Ireland. He married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Lieut. John Sutton of the Cavalry, Wicklow, a family name well known in that part of 
 Ireland. Mr. Bates came to Montreal in 1832, and for years was connected with the 
 Sheriff’s Office. He died in 1876. He was one of the first Church Wardens of St. 
 John the Evangelist’s. Two of his sons are advocates in Montreal : John was admitted 
 to the Bar in 1849, and William in the same year. They are now among the oldest 
 practising Attorneys in the city, and the firm of J. & W. A. Bates was in existence 
 before the present generation of our Montreal citizens was born. They have always 
 been respected as painstaking and conscientious lawyers. 
 
502 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 HON. ALEXANDER MORRIS 
 
 Is the eldest son of the late Hon. Wm. Morris, and was born at Perth, Ont., on the 17th 
 March, 1827. Educated in McGill, and Glasgow, Scotland. Called to the Bar in 
 1851 for both the Canadas. In 1861, he was returned for South Lanark. In 1867, 
 again returned by acclamation, and in November, 1869, accepted office as Minister 
 of Inland Revenue. Mr. Morris was a most active member in the House. For 
 several years he occupied the position of Chairman of the Private Bills Committee. 
 To him is due the introduction into Parliament of a most humane and Christian bill, 
 “ The abolition of Public Executions.” One of the great aims of Mr. Morris’ politi- 
 cal career was the Confederation of all the British Provinces into one grand Do- 
 minion. In 1858, he delivered a lecture in the Mercantile Library, Montreal, called 
 “ Nova Britannia there he advocated his favorite theory. Next year he published 
 another lecture on the Hudson Bay, etc., in which similar views were expressed. His 
 crowning laurels were the gaining of the 2nd prize of the Paris Exhibition Committee 
 in 1855, for a well-written and digested work on Canada. During the political excite- 
 ment of 1864, Mr. Morris played a most important part, and through him alone was 
 brought about the peaceful negotiation of Sir John A. Macdonald with Hon. George 
 Brown, which resulted in the Confederation of the Provinces. He died some years 
 ago. 
 
 JAMES TYRE 
 
 Was born at Largo, Ayreshire, Scotland, in 1807, and came to Canada in 1825. He 
 resided for some time at Niagara, Ont., where he married a Miss Clark. Returning 
 to Montreal, he for many years was engaged in the dry goods business, first as Scott, 
 Tyre & Co., and afterwards Tyre, Colquhoun & Co. Retiring from business he 
 afterwards became an official assignee. He was a keen curler, and was one of the 
 four “ Auld Callants,” a rare old quartette, consisting of Col. Dyde, Sir Hugh 
 Allan, Hon. John Young and James Tyre. After an eventful life he died at Lachine, 
 May 8, 1876. 
 
 DR. SCOTT. 
 
 William Edward Scott was born in London, England, October 9, 1822. His 
 father was John Scott, his mother Caroline Neate. He came to Canada in 1831, 
 and resided to his death in Montreal. He was educated in London, passed the 
 medical department of McGill College, and admitted to practice in 1842. In 1845, 
 he was Demonstrator of Anatomy in his Alma Mater, and later on Professor of 
 Medical Jurisprudence and Clinical Surgery. For twenty-five years he was one 
 of the Governors of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Quebec, and for 
 three years President. He was the medical officer of the Grand Trunk Railway and 
 held in high esteem. He married, in 1847, Elizabeth Sproston. of Montreal, 
 son is the Rector of Drummondville, in the Diocese of Quebec. Another son is in 
 Montreal. He died some years ago universally lamented as a skilful physician, a 
 gentleman of unapproachable character and a valuable citizen. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 503 
 
 FRANK BULLER, M.D. 
 
 The subject of this sketch is the Lecturer on Diseases of the Eye and Ear in McGill 
 University. He is one of the most skilful scientists of his profession in the Dominion 
 of Canada, and deserves a place in this Gazetteer of Montreal. He is an honor 
 to Canada at large, being a pure Canadian, having been born near Cobourg, Province 
 of Ontario, on the 4th May, 1844. He was the fourth son of Charles G. and Frances 
 Elizabeth Boucher Buller. His father was educated for the Church of England, 
 but declining Holy Orders, emigrated to Canada in 1831, and settled near Cobourg. 
 The Buller family had for centuries occupied an important position in the south of 
 England, and his brother is one of the most prominent men in the army of Great 
 Britain at the present time — General Buller. Dr. Buller graduated at Victoria School 
 of Medicine, Toronto, in 1869; then went to London and other cities to perfect him- 
 self in his profession. He again went to Europe in 1872. On his return he began 
 practice in Montreal, 1876. In May, 1876, he was appointed Ophthalmic and Aural 
 Surgeon to the General Hospital of Montreal, and Lecturer in McGill. Dr. Buller 
 is a self-made man, and to the younger members of the profession an example of 
 what pluck, energy and perseverance will do when the object is self-advancement in 
 one’s profession. 
 
 HON. JUDGE DUNKIN 
 
 Was born at Walworth, London, England, on the 25th September, 1812. He 
 attended two years at University College, and one year Logic Class in Glasgow 
 University. His father died, and his mother having married again, and gone to 
 America, he followed the family and entered Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 
 In 1833, he accepted the professorship of Greek in that institution, and received the 
 degree of B.A. next year. In 1835, resigned, and married a daughter of his step- 
 father, Dr. Jonathan Barber, and sister of Miss Barber, so well known in Montreal. 
 In 1837, h e visited Canada, and then settled in Montreal, editing the Morning Courier . 
 In the summer of 1838 he was offered by the Governor-General the post of Secretary 
 to the Education Commission. In 1841, he was appointed Assistant Provincial 
 Secretary for Lower Canada, holding this office till 1847. He had been admitted to 
 the Bar the previous year — July, 1846. He practiced in Montreal till 1862, when he 
 removed and settled in Knowlton. He represented the counties of Drummond and 
 Arthabaska during the Sixth Parliament, 1857-8; and sat in the Seventh and Eighth 
 Parliaments for Broine. In 1867, at Confederation, he was elected to both the House 
 of Commons and Provincial Parliament, and became the Treasurer of Quebec. 
 Resigning his seat in the Quebec Council in 1869, he accepted a seat in the Privy 
 Council of the Dominion as Minister of Agriculture, which he resigned in 1871, 
 when raised to the Bench. He is best known on account of the Dunkin Act— a tem- 
 perance act which has done untold good in the Province. In 1867, he was made 
 Q.C. Bishop’s College conferred on him the degree of D.C.L. He was a member 
 of the Council of Public Instruction for the Province. After a busy and eventful 
 life, the Judge died some years ago at his residence in Knowlton. 
 
S°4 
 
 GAZETTEER OE MONTREAL. 
 
 john McDonald. 
 
 Little need be said in a work like this, as a Gazetteer of Montreal, regarding the 
 indispensability and importance of the services of expert auditois and accountants 
 in all centres of commercial activity. In Montreal there are gentlemen of education 
 and ability engaged in this prominent pursuit, and Mr. John McDonald is one of the 
 longest established auditors and accountants in the city. This popular gentleman 
 began business in 1867, and his many sterling qualities and rate executive ability 
 were soon recognized. The leading merchants, corporations and banks gave him 
 first place and honored him with their confidence. Mr. McDonald is an expert at 
 examining books, and makes a specialty of auditing accounts and statements of joint 
 stock companies, corporations and private firms. Mr. McDonald is popular in social 
 and commercial circles ; he is honored by the position of Vice-President of the 
 Chartered Accountants’ Association of the City, and is esteemed by all with whom 
 he comes in contact. 
 
 F. X. PRIEUR. 
 
 The subject of this short notice was born,8th May, 1814, at St. Polycarpe. He was 
 at the head of a flourishing establishment at that place when the Rebellion broke out- 
 He was made a prisoner 21st January, 1839, condemned with many of his co-patriots 
 and sentenced to exile in Australia. He wrote a large work on his voyage to and 
 from that Colony when he returned, some years after, from banishment. In i860, 
 Sir George Cartier made him Warden of the Reformatory School, now the Penitentiary, 
 at St. Vincent de Paul. In 1870, he was made Director of Provincial Penitentiaries 
 He retired in 1876, when his wife died, to Montreal, on a pension, and died 1st 
 February, 1890. 
 
 ALDERMAN CLENDINNENG. 
 
 He was born af Cavan, Ireland, in 1833, and remained there till 1847, in which 
 year he came to Montreal. In 1852, he entered as an employee the foundry of Wm. 
 Rodden, and very soon became his partner, He is a Governor of the House of 
 Industry and Refuge, also of the General Hospital, and is a member of the Chamber 
 of Commerce. He was elected in 1888 for St. Antoine quarter in the City Council, 
 and still represents that ward. His business, in which his son is now associated, is 
 of immense proportions. Mr. Wm. Clendinneng, jun.,isoneof the best business men 
 in the city, and the success of the firm is much owing to his energy and talents- 
 This firm is the only one in Canada that manufactures pipes from four inches 
 to sixty inches diameter — cast faucets down. They are identified with the Canada 
 Pipe and Foundry Co., of which Mr. Clendinneng, jun., is the President. They have 
 immense works in William, Ann and Shannon streets. Alderman Clendinneng 
 went to Europe with Alderman Hurteau and floated the last civic loan most 
 successfully. Altogether, Mr. Clendinneng is one who has greatly developed the 
 trade of Montreal, and to him may its inhabitants look with pride for many improve- 
 ments in the civic regulations and bye-laws. 
 

'U 
 
 LOUIS PAYE1TE. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 5°5 
 
 LOUIS PAYETTE. 
 
 He was born at St. Sulpice, 29th September, 1831, and educated at L’Assomption 
 College. After leaving college he entered Mr. Beaupre’s employ, who was a general 
 merchant. After four years he joined his father as a Contractor. He afterwards 
 visited the United States, and there married Emily Lambert. A few years after he 
 returned to Canada and joined the Grand Trunk Railway Company, where he 
 remained until February, 1864. Then he received the appointment of Governor of 
 the Montreal Gaol by the Dorion-Macdonald Government, and remained so until 
 his death, which took place April 30th, 1891. He had four daughters and one son. 
 
 The Author of these sketches was appointed Protestant Chaplain a few months 
 after Mr. Payette’s appointment as Governor, and during the long series of twenty- 
 seven years they always maintained the greatest cordiality and friendship. It is to 
 the credit of the deceased to say that during that long period there has never been 
 the very slightest disagreement on the internal arrangements or the religious depart- 
 ments of the Institution. 
 
 Mr. Payette was of a kindly disposition, yet he could be stern and firm when 
 occasion required. For two years before his death, Mr. Payette was a great sufferer, 
 and on April 29th, 1891, he quietly died, conscious to the last, surrounded by his 
 sorrowing family and friends. He had the high distinction of being visited by that 
 good man, Archbishop Fabre, during his illness, who administered to him the last 
 and solemn rites of his Church. The funeral was one of the largest which had taken 
 place in Montreal for many years. Every one was there — for every one had a kindly 
 remembrance of “ Louis Payette.” His son, of the same name, is the agent on St. 
 Paul street of a very large manufacturing firm of Ontario dealing in all kinds of iron 
 ware and machinery. 
 
50 6 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 CYRILLE AND F. X. ARCHAMBAULT. 
 
 C. Archambault was born at St. Vincent de Paul, Isle Jesus, on the 19th Octo- 
 ber, 1832. He was educated at the Seminary of St. Therese, and having passed 
 through his curriculum with great success, made, on account of his proficiency, 
 two years study into one, and received prizes for both. He was admitted to the 
 study of the Law in 1851, and studied with Mr. S. Robinson in St. Therese, and the 
 remainder of his time with Messrs. Lafrenaye & Papin. He was admitted to prac- 
 tice his profession in 1855, and successively was in partnership with Messrs. Du- 
 hamel, Bourgeau and Joseph Papin, and at the time of his lamented and terrible 
 death with his brother, Mr. F. X. Archambault, the present well-known lawyer of 
 that name, and who is one of the Counsel of the Bar for the District of Montreal. 
 He made a conspicuous mark in his profession, and acquired the reputation of a 
 first-class orator. He was elected to the City Council in 1864 for the East Ward. 
 The papers of the day give an account of his awful death, which caused quite a sen- 
 sation then, as Mr. Archambault was universally beloved, and was one of the hand- 
 somest men of Montreal, “ le beau Canadien,” as he was called, and cut off in the 
 vigor of manhood and in the prospect of health, wealth and happiness. The follow- 
 ing is extracted from the Mincrve. The accident of the explosion of the magnificent 
 steamer “St. John ” happened on October 29th, 1865, when Mr. Archambault. his 
 young wife and little girl were killed. 
 
 “ La faraille Archambault passa la journee de samedi a Albany, et y prit le 
 mdme soir le vapeur ‘ St. John,’ pour se rendre a New York. 
 
 “ On pense gen£ralement que la famille 6tait encore dans le chambre lorsque 
 l’explosion a eu lieu. Nos depeches nous apprennent que Madame Archambault et sa 
 petite fille sont mortes instantanement; M. Archambault aurait sui v£cu plusieurs heures. 
 
 “ M. Archambault, avocat de talents, et jeune encore, avait un bel avenir que 
 cette horrible catastrophe est venue briser; ses belles qualites lui avaient fait un 
 nombreux cercle d’amis profondement desoles de cette fin tragique. Le defunt 
 occupait une position avantageuse parmi ses concitoyens, et, comme conseiller 
 de ville, joussait d’une juste popularity.” 
 
 From UOrdre we also find that, when the bodies arrived at the Bonaven- 
 ture station, “Une foule de 250 011 300 personnes, dans laquelle on remarquait 
 le Maire, l’hon. M. Dorion, l’elite du Barreau et de la Corporation attendait, la 
 tristesse sur la figure et la sympathie dans le cceur, l’arrivee des chers defunts ; 
 cette reunion tout-a-fait spontanee attestait le degre de veritable estime dont 
 jouissaient M. Cyrille Archambault et sa jeune compagne.” 
 
 Mr. F. X. Archambault, his brother, was born at St. Vincent de Paul. 
 He also studied at St. Therese. He was admitted to the Bar in the year 1836, 
 and has ever since enjoyed a very large practice. He entered Parliament as the 
 representative of Vaudreuil, but soon gave up politics for his profession. He has 
 been elected to many of the honorary positions in the Bar of Montreal, and still 
 has one of the largest clientele in the city. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 507 
 
 JAMES O’DONELL. 
 
 How many citizens of Montreal have ever visited the vault of our noble Notre Dame 
 Church ? There alone, near one of the square pillars of this grand edifice, about the 
 centre of the church, lie the ashes of the architect and builder of this sacred and 
 solid house of worship. One has to grope in the dark to find the place, which is 
 surrounded by a cast iron fence. Above, attached to a supporting rough plaster 
 square column, is affixed a small, cheap, white marble slab, with letters cut in, in" 
 scribed as follows : — 
 
 “ Ci Git 
 
 James O’Donell, Esquire, 
 
 Architect, born in Ireland, 
 
 Who died in this city 
 The 28th January, 1830, 
 
 In the 56th year of his age. 
 
 u He labored five years on this church, giving the plans and 
 directing the works with zeal and intelligence. Having 
 embraced the Catholic faith, he desired that his 
 remains might rest beneath. His disinterestedness, 
 his talents and his probity of character were worthy 
 the esteem of this parish ; and the church-wardens 
 have consecrated this monument to his memory. 
 
 “ Requiescat in pace.” 
 
 Such, in French, is the tablet, in an out-of-the-way place, seldom visited, and the 
 manner of recording the achievement of an architect who certainly deserved some- 
 thing more handsome. Why not, at least, place some rich mural design on the 
 ground floor of the church ? Let the Irish Catholic people of the City bestir them- 
 selves and raise some better monument to him who was an honor to the land of his 
 birth. 
 
 EUCLIDE ROY 
 
 Was born in Montreal. Son of Joseph Roy. Admitted to the Bar in 1845, having 
 passed eighteen months in Paris, and obtaining from the Minister of Public 
 Instruction a certificate of capability. He obtained in 1852 the diploma, a record 
 which few, if ever any, French Canadians had received in the study of Law in Paris. 
 
 In 1862, he was candidate for Montcalm County. He has always been of the 
 “ Parti Liberal.” He was one of the founders of Le Pays , and remained one of its 
 Editors for some years. Has been President of the late Institut Canadien for two 
 terms. He was the President at the inauguration of the Monument to the Heroes of 
 1 837-38 in the Roman Catholic Cemetery. In 1850, he refused lucrative places 
 offered by Sir L. Lafontaine, then chief of the Government. Mr. Roy has always been 
 a consistent Liberal. He is the brother of our much-esteemed and well-known 
 Rouer Roy, Esq., the Advocate for so many years of the Corporation of Montreal. 
 
5 °§ 
 
 < 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 JAMES DUNLOP 
 
 Was a general storekeeper in St. Paul street, which was at that time the great busi- 
 ness thoroughfare of the city. He took an active part in the volunteer movement in 
 the American War of 1812. He presided at a public banquet given in Montreal 
 in honor of King George Ill’s Birthday, 5th of June, 1815. The largest Bill of 
 Exchange ever sent from Canada to the Old Country was sent at this time by James 
 Dunlop. He died, aged 60 years, 28th August, 1815, about two months and a-half 
 after the great banquet. He came to Montreal, in 1777, shortly after the Cession of 
 the country to Great Britain, having been nearly forty years an inhabitant of the city 
 when he died. 
 
 REV. ROBERT RINTOUL, M.A., 
 
 Was born at Kincardine, Perthshire, Scotland, on the 30th October, 1797. He 
 studied at both the Universities of Edinburgh and Glasgow. Ordained in 1821, he 
 was sent to Maryport in England. Arrived in Canada in 1831, to take charge of 
 St. Andrew’s Church, Toronto ; he went to Streetsville in 1834. In 1850, he accepted 
 the charge of Cotte Street Church, Montreal. He had hardly entered on the duties 
 of his charge when he was selected to go to Trois-Pistoles and other places below 
 Quebec, in the affairs of the Church, and was there cut down by the terrible scourge 
 of cholera, which was then devastating the country, and died on the 13th of Septem- 
 ber, 1851. As it was impossible to convey the infected body to Montreal, he was 
 buried in the beautiful God’s Acre of Riviere-du-Loup, in the English btirying-ground. 
 A perfect stranger there, but dying amongst Christian friends, and having read over him 
 the beautiful burial service of the Church of England by Rev. Mr. Ross, the Incum- 
 bent of that place. 
 
 SIMON VALOIS 
 
 Was born at Pointe Claire in 1791. At twelve years of age he came to Montreal 
 and joined the store of one of the principal merchants of the day. He worked with 
 such energy, and was so industrious in the business he had adopted (a tanner), that 
 he retired with a considerable fortune in 1837. He then builtat the foot of St. Mary’s 
 Current a fine mansion, with one of the best views in Montreal. Two or three farms 
 in this vicinity belonged to him, which have lately by his son and daughter — Abbe 
 Valois and Madame Lussier — been sold at an immense value. The Sisters, or “ Les 
 Soeurs du St. Noms de Jesus et Marie” were established by him on one of these 
 farms. There Mr. Valois displayed his generosity. He contributed greatly to the 
 building of the Institution. When he died, the Bishop officiated, and more than fifty 
 priests occupied both sides of the chancel and sang alternately with the principal 
 voices of Notre Dame Church and the Sisters. Abbe Valois still lives in the house 
 his father built. He was instrumental in bringing the Carmelite Nuns to Hoche- 
 laga, but they, like the others across the road, must soon leave, to give place to the 
 march of trade and business, which will require property for wharf and building 
 purposes. 
 

 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 HON. CHAS. JOS. E. MONDELET 
 
 509 
 
 Was horn at St. Charles, 27th December, 1801. He took an active part in the rising 
 °f 1S37-38, and defended with much vigor and eclat and in connection with the late 
 Judge Drummond, many of the Patriots accused of high treason. His name appears 
 often at this time. In the celebrated State Trials he represented almost all those 
 tried by Court Martial. He published in 1841 “Lettres sur l’education etementaire 
 et pratique.” He was named Judge of the Circuit Court in 1842 and of the Court of 
 Queen’s Bench in 1858. He was a very stern yet just dispenser of Criminal Law, and 
 his appearance on the Judicial Bench at the opening of a term of Queen’s Bench was 
 the sure sign lhat sentences at its close would be long and severe. The Jud^e died 
 in 1876. 
 
 DR. PERRIGO 
 
 Aj> born in Montreal in 1846. His father was John Perrigo and his mother Eleanor 
 Reeves. His grandfather in 1812 fought against the Americans in that war. It was 
 on this account that he escaped being expelled the country in 1837, as he had com- 
 manded the Rebels in a skirmish which took place near Beauharnois in that year. 
 The Doctor received his education in McGill, and afterwards went to England to 
 fuither pursue it, and whilst there he was elected Honorary Secretary of the Obstetri- 
 cal Society of London, England. He returned to Montreal in 1872 and began his 
 practice, which is one now of the most extensive in the city. He is Professor of 
 Surgery in Bishop’s College. In 1885, he married Marian G., daughter of the late H. 
 Chandler of Montreal. 
 
 WILLIAM C. VAN HORNE 
 
 U as born in Will County, Illinois, February, 1843. When a young man, he entered 
 the service of the Illinois Central Railway as telegraph operator at Chicago. For 
 six years afterwards he served in different positions on the Joliet division of the 
 Michigan Central Railway. From 1864 to 1872, he was connected with the Chicago 
 & Alton Railway. During this period he filled successively the position of train 
 despatches Superintendent of the Telegraph and Assistant Superintendent of the Rail- 
 way. In 1872, he became General Superintendent of the St. Louis, Kansas City 
 & Northern Railway. From 1874 to 1878, he was General Manager of Southern 
 Minnesota Line, being President from 1877 to 1879. In January, 1880, he was 
 Superintendent of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, which he held for 
 two years. In 1882, he became connected with the Canadian Pacific Railway as 
 General Manager, and in 1884 was advanced to the high position of Vice President 
 of this great concern, and is now the President of the Road. Mr. Van Horne’s 
 remarkable career and gradual rising up the ladder of promotion should be a good 
 incentive to others to go and do likewise. He is one of the best examples of a truly 
 self-made man. 
 
 
< 
 
 J I0 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 LA SALLE. 
 
 i< Robert Cavalier de i.a Salle was a native of Rouen, where he was born about 
 1635. He was thoroughly educated by the Jesuits, having been intended to be a 
 member of that community. He left it, however, and about the year 1667 proceeded 
 to Canada, in the capacity of a merchant. In this career he appears to have been 
 eminently successful j but he aimed at still higher objects, having formed to himself 
 the magnificent scheme of opening a way to China and Japan through the lakes of 
 Canada, which he, not unreasonably for that time, imagined must send off navigable 
 waters into the Pacific Ocean. Mr. Bibaud, author of a history of this country, 
 says, ‘ He was learned, active, enterprising and animated with the double desire of 
 rising to fame and fortune.’ 
 
 “ La Salle visited his native country in 1677. On his return he set about execut- 
 ing the great scheme he had long meditated, of tracing the river Mississippi to 
 its outlet in the Atlantic, or, as it might be, in the Gulf of Mexico. lor this purpose 
 he caused to be constructed a vessel of sixty tons burden, about two leagues above 
 the Falls of Niagara. On the 7th of August, 1679. the vessel, with thirty-four per. 
 sons on board, a suitable proportion of whom were priests for the instruction of the 
 Indians, was launched on Lake Erie, and steered towards Mackinaw. In this 
 unknown and most hazardous navigation, La Salle displayed unbounded resolu- 
 tion, and not less address, both in cheering on his own men amidst all their labors 
 and 'perils, and still more in securing the favor of the savages, with whom, to his 
 everlasting honor be it mentioned, he was never in all his lifetime, except once, in 
 danger of coming to a rupture. He arrived at Mackinaw on the 27th of August, and 
 in a few weeks after anchored at a small Island in the mouth of Green Bay. Here he 
 loaded the vesssel with furs, and dispatched her to the head of the Falls. 
 
 11 [j e then proceeded in canoes along the eastern and southern shores of Lake 
 Michigan, to the St. Joseph, then called the Miami, a name now appropriated to the 
 river falling into the south-western angle of Lake Erie. All the preparations being 
 made, they took their departure from the island on the 19th September. Nightfall 
 came on before they reached the nearest part of the continent, which was twelve miles 
 distant. 
 
 « Trusting their fragile canoes again to the waves, they were soon overtaken by 
 new disasters. Clouds gathered over them, winds blew angrily, and, deluged with 
 rain and sleet, they were glad to seek safety on a naked rock for two days, and no 
 other shelter than their blankets. At the end of another day they were in so great 
 danger in attempting to land, that the Sieur de la Salle leaped into the water with his 
 men an d assisted them to drag his canoe ashore. His example was followed by 
 those in the other canoes. They landed somewhere in the neighborhood of the 
 
 river Milwaukie. \ 
 
 “ By this time the provisions were exhausted, but they had seen Indians, and 
 presumed their habitations were at hand. Three men were sent with the calumet of 
 peace, to search for corn. They came to a deserted village, where they found 
 
 a s 
 f \ 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 51I 
 
 abundance of corn, of which they took as much as they wanted, and left such articles 
 as the natives valued in exchange. Before night the Indians hovered suspiciously 
 around the party at the canoes ; but when the calumet of peace was presented, they 
 showed themselves friends, and entertained their visitors with dances and songs. 
 They were so well satisfied with the goods left in the village, that the next day they 
 brought more corn and a supply of deer, for which they were amply rewarded. This 
 proof of human sympathy, even in men called savages, was a sunbeam in the path of 
 the weary voyagers. 
 
 “After some further adventures of the same nature, La Salle and his company 
 arrived on the ist November at the mouth of the St. Joseph, where they spent the 
 remainder of that month. On the 3rd of December they ascended the river in canoes, 
 with a view to reach the portage leading into the Kankakoo, or eastern branch of the 
 Illinois. On the ist of January, 1680, they reached Peoria, situated on the last- 
 named river, and set about constructing a fort. At last, after several changes, they 
 found what they considered a favorable position, and built upon it Fort St. Louis, 
 which may be considered the headquarters of La Salle during the remainder of his 
 wanderings. The faithful Tout generally held the command during the long and 
 frequent occasions of his own absence. On the 28th of February, La Salle set out 
 on an overland journey to Frontenac, now Kingston, still bent on making further 
 preparations for his voyage of discovery on the Mississippi. Various disagreeable 
 incidents occurred on this long and perilous journey ; but the chief calamity that 
 befelhim was the murder of his faithful attendant, Father Gabriel, who fell a sacrifice 
 to the cruel suspicions of the Indians. Three young warriors belonging to a tribe 
 hostile to that whose friendship the travellers had gained, met the venerable Father 
 in one of his solitary rambles, and murdered him in cold blood. 
 
 “ On arriving at Fort Frontenac, he appears to have spent several months in mak- 
 ing further preparations for his expedition to the south, and also in making proper 
 arrangements with his creditors, with whom his extended schemes of discovery 
 brought him sometimes into difficulty, but whose claims he satisfied by suitable 
 sacrifices of his property. Then he proceeded to Fort St. Louis. On the 6th of 
 February he at last floated on the bosom of the long sought Mississippi. On the same 
 day he passed the mouth of the Missouri, distinguished by its powerful current and 
 muddy waters. Father Zenobe, whose notes are incorporated in Le Clercq’s Etab/isse. 
 merit de la Eoi , is copious in his description of the various tribes of Indians whom 
 they found on the banks, and whose friendship they were careful in cultivating. 
 Then they passed the mouth of the Arkansas. On they 6th of April they arrived at a 
 triple portion of the river, soon after which the water became first brackish, and then 
 salt, when the broad Gulf of Mexico appeared in view. 
 
 « He retraced his steps, and reached Quebec in November, 1683, and embarked 
 for France, where he was welcomed by Seignelay as “the delight of the New World,” 
 and received a commission, according to which all the French and natives of the 
 country, from Fort St. Louis to New Biscay, were placed under his authority. An 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 5 12 
 
 expedition for the colonization of Louisiana, with four vessels and two hundred and 
 eighty persons, departed from Rochefort, August ist, 1684; but dissensions imme- 
 diately arose between La Salle and the Naval Commander, Beaujeu. 
 
 “ After much quarrelling, LaSalle determined, January 12th, 1681, to seek by land 
 the country of Illinois, and thence to pass to Canada. He set out with sixteen men, 
 following the track of the buffalo, passed the basin of the Colorado, and reached a 
 branch of the Trinity river. They went in groups ; and the malignity of two men, 
 Duhant and L’Archeveque, who had embarked their capital in the enterprise, found 
 an opportunity for gratification. They quarrelled and murdered a nephew of La 
 Salle. He suspected the fact, and asked one of them respecting the fate of his 
 relative, when the other fired upon him from an ambush, and he fell dead. ‘ Such 
 was the end/ says Bancroft, ‘of this daring adventurer.’” 
 
 DR. REDDY 
 
 Was born at Athlone, County Roscommon, Ireland, 31st March, 1822. When a youth 
 he was apprenticed to a local Surgeon in 1839, an d remained with him till 1842. In 
 April, 1847, received license from the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland to 
 practice. He then crossed to Glasgow, and received M.D. from that University in 1848. 
 In 1851, he came to Canada, to Montreal, and was appointed House Surgeon to the 
 General Hospital, where he remained for three years. In 1854, the Cholera visited 
 Montreal, and Dr. Reddy devoted himself to the care of the sufferers. For thirty 
 years he worked as perhaps no other physician did, but in 1883 his health gave way 
 and he went to Europe to recuperate, but all in vain. He died 23rd January, 1884, 
 in Dublin, Ireland. In 1856, he received the degree of M.D. from McGill College, 
 and was for years a fellow of that Institution. He married istjuly, 1851, Jane 
 Fleming, of County Longford, Ireland, and had at the time of his death six children. 
 H. L. Reddy, M.D., has followed the footsteps of his father, and has succeeded him 
 in his practice, while William B. S. Reddy is one of our well-known notaries. He is 
 in partnership with another well-known Notary, the firm being Kittson & Reddy. 
 
 H. J. CLORAN, B.C.L. 
 
 Was born in Montreal, 8th May, 1855. His father was Joseph Cloran and his mother 
 Ann Kennedy, both from Ireland. He was educated in the Montreal College and 
 left, having made a complete course of studies, in 1875. He then went to Europe, 
 where for the next three years he studied in the College cf St. Sulpice in Paris. 
 When he returned, he filled for a year the Chair as Professor of English Literature 
 in the Montreal College. He then went to Laval and McGill Universities, and 
 graduated from the latter, B.C.L. He studied Law with Edward Carter, Q.C., 
 Hon. R. Church and Hon. J. A. Chapleau. At the close of his Law studies he was 
 for some time the Editor of The True Witness , and also of The Post. He was 
 President of the “ Catholic Young Men's Society of Montreal ” in 1880 and 1881, also 
 President of the Press Association of the Province of Quebec. On 7th July, 1887, 
 he was admitted with honors to the practice of the Law. He married, in 1882, 
 Agnes, daughter of Michael Donovan, a well-known name in Montreal. 
 

 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 513 
 
 COL. LOVELACE. 
 
 He is connected with the Best family, and both families have been in the Government 
 service for centuries. A beautiful residence called lt Scots Hall,” Kent, belongs to the 
 family. The Earldom of Lovelace is claimeJ by the Colonel and his heirs. They have 
 documents to prove their authenticity, and without doubt the eldest son of the late 
 Colonel is the direct heir to the title of Earl of Lovelace. They are also identified 
 with the Lord Byron family. Byron’s only child Ada, “ Ada, sole daughter of my 
 house and heart,” was married to the Earl of Lovelace. 
 
 Col R. Lovelace was born 17th October, 1806, at Bury, St. Edmunds. England. 
 Was educated at Cambridge College, Eng., and the Royal Athenaeum Military Col- 
 lege of Bruges, Belgium. He was the son of Col. R. Lovelace of Her Majesty’s Cold- 
 stream Guards, who was Aide-de-Camp to Sir Ralph Abercrombie in Egypt, 1801. Col. 
 Lovelace served as a Cadet in the Hussars, Belgian Army, then under the Dutch 
 Government, from 1823 to 1825. Appointed Ensign in Her Majesty’s 53rd Regi- 
 ment, 1825; embarked with the 19th Regiment which he had joined for the West 
 Indies October same year, and proceeded to Demerara. Appointed in 1828 as Fort 
 Adjutant, and served on the Staff of General Blackwell, Governor of Tobago. In 1829, 
 removed to Grenada as Fort Adjutant, and served as Aide-de-Camp to Sir James 
 Campbell of the Island, and afterwards to Sir Benjamin D’Urban, who died in Mon- 
 treal. Appointed as Brigade Adjutant of the Island of Trinidad in 1831, promoted 
 as Lieutenant in the 19th Regiment in 1832, and in 1834 joined the Depot of his 
 Regiment in England. Served with his Regiment in Ireland, and promoted to the 
 rank of Captain by purchase, June, 1837. Retired from the service September, 1840, 
 in favor of Lieutenant F. Seymour (now General Sir F. Seymour, Scots Fusilier 
 Guards), and Equery to Her Majesty Queen Victoria. 
 
 He then became a settler in Canada, and was appointed by Lord Elgin Captain 
 and Adjutant of 4th Battalion, Montreal Militia, 1849, an ^ * n 1851, L>rill Adjutant, 
 Royal Montreal Cavalry. Appointed by War Office, 1855, as Captain with rank of 
 Major in the Osmanli Irregular Cavalry, which he joined at Varna, Turkey, on the 
 1 8th November, 1855. Appointed in charge of Stores at Varna, which he resigned 
 to return to Montreal. He passed through the Crimean Campaign and received 
 the Crimean Medal and clasps and the Turkish Medije with the rank of Colonel 
 (Kaimikan) in the Turkish Army, and received a grant of land from the Turkish Gov- 
 ernment for bravery and meritorious services, and also the Turkish cimeter of which 
 he was so proud. He was a most efficient linguist. Besides his knowledge of Latin 
 and Greek he spoke fluently English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Turkish. 
 He was a good athlete, received 1st class diplomas for boxing, fencing and riding. 
 He kept a journal from the age of sixteen to the day of his death. He died in 1888, 
 in his 82nd year. He never knew the meaning of “ Fear.” As Lieutenant-Colonel 
 in the Canadian Militia, he was on active service during the Fenian Raids. He mar- 
 ried Caroline Louisa, daughter of Dr. Maitland Maitland of the East India Company’s 
 service, who died at the advanced age of nearly 100 years. Her brother is Col. H. 
 D. Maitland, a retired officer of Her Majesty’s 71st Highland Infantry. 
 
 33 
 
5i4 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 SIR BENJAMIN D’URBAN. 
 
 “Our old military cemetery on Papineau Road, in this city, contains the remains of 
 General d’Urban. The pillar is the best and the highest in the grounds, plainly seen 
 rising over the fence as one approaches. The shaft, of our ordinary blue limestone 
 tapering towards the top, must be some twenty-five feet high. A thin piece of white 
 marble — the letters of which are gradually becoming less distinct — is secured into a 
 panel on one side, on which this inscription is placed : — 
 
 ‘ Erected by 
 
 The Officers of the British Army 
 Serving in Canada, 
 
 To their late lamented Chief, 
 
 His Excellency 
 
 Lieut. -General Sir Benjamin d'Urban, 
 
 G.C.B., K.C.H., K.C.T.S., 
 
 Commander of Her Majesty's Forces in 
 British North America, 
 
 Who died at Montreal, 25th May, 1849, 
 
 Aged 72. 
 
 He died as he lived, 
 
 In the faithful discharge of his duty to 
 God and his Sovereign.’ 
 
 “ The funeral of this popular military commander was probably one of the 
 greatest military pageants that had ever taken place up to that time in this city. 
 The General died at the old Donegani Hotel on Notre Dame street. It is said the 
 Duke of Wellington accounted him one of his most accomplished officers.” 
 
 ERNEST IDLER 
 
 Was one of the oldest citizens of German parentage residing in Montreal. He was 
 born in Wurtemburg, July 16, 1796. When he came in 1811 to this city, Montreal 
 had not more than 15,000 inhabitants. McGill street had only one building on it, 
 and that was occupied by a negro. When he arrived in Montreal he learned the 
 butcher’s trade, and followed the business of meat packer and dealer together with 
 produce dealer. This he continued for fifty years. He retired in 1875, a ^ ter making 
 
 a large fortune. In the great fire of 1852 he lost considerably. The American 
 
 second war was just breaking out, and although only seventeen years of age Mr. 
 Idler volunteered his services, as he also did in the Rebellion of 1837-38. He was 
 also often asked to be Councillor or Alderman, but always refused. When the 
 
 German Society of Montreal was founded in 1835 he was the ^ rst Treasurer, 
 
 afterwards he was the President. When the Lutheran Church was formed in Mon- 
 treal in 1857 he wa- one of its founders. His life was an even and untarnished 
 one, and he saw his adopted city grow up till it now is within the ninth largest city 
 on this Continent. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 5 1 5 
 
 THOMAS A. GIBSON, M.A., 
 
 Was born July 5, 1804, in Forfar, the county town of Angus-shire, Scotland. In the 
 beginning of January, 1813, his parents removed to Tain. In May, 1822, the subject of 
 this sketch was appointed Master of Nigg Parish School. He was then not eighteen 
 years old. In the Session of 1824—5, he attended the Humanity (Latin) and Greek 
 classes under Professors Pillans and Dunbar respectively. He was obliged to leave 
 for home (Tain) a fortnight before the close of the College. Professor Pillans in the 
 forenoon drew the attention of the class to the necessity of his availing himself of 
 the opportunity of returning home by the fortnightly coaster, and presented him with 
 the prizes which he had won — 9 volumes. He kindly addressed him, wishing him 
 speedy restoration to health. He left the class-room with the volumes under his arms, 
 amidst the applause of some 130 fellow students, and posted to Leith for the vessel. 
 
 We will now give the dates of Mr. Gibson’s professional career, and I may 
 state that the writer and author of this Gazetteer is his oldest pupil in Montreal. 
 He taught him in Scotland from the year 1840 to 1843. P ar ish School 
 
 of Nigg, Ross-shire, from May, 1822, till September; he attended Edinburgh Univer- 
 sity during Session 1824-5 ; acted as Tutor to the family of Captain Spalding, Gov- 
 ernor of Fort Augustus, Inverness-shire, 1826 ; attended Edinburgh University during 
 Session 1826-7. He held the Grammar School of Wick, County town of Caithness, 
 from October, 1827, to October, 1833 ; held the Mastership of Cauvin’s, Duddingston, 
 Edinburgh, from November, 1833, till September, 1843, when he left for Montreal 
 to be first Assistant Master in the High School ; was one of the Masters of that 
 Institution from December, 1843, till July, 1868, a long period of twenty-five years. 
 
 During his incumbency in Wick, he attended Edinburgh University for the 
 Session of 1832-3. In 1868, after accepting a yearly pension from McGill Univer- 
 sity for his long and faithful services, he engaged in private tuition, and had the 
 satisfaction of superintending the studies of young gentlemen and ladies to the num- 
 ber of upwards of one hundred for nearly fifteen years. Some of these students 
 having a view to the Ministry, Medicine or Teaching, have for years been occu- 
 pying responsible positions. 
 
 In connection with his residence in Montreal, it may be mentioned that he 
 officiated for about twenty years as Superintendent of St. Paul’s Sunday School, 
 during the entire incumbency of Drs. McGill and Snodgrass, and a short period of 
 Dr. Jenkins, and for upwards of forty years as a member of the Kirk Session and its 
 Clerk. For twenty-five years he was Secretary of the Protestant Board of Exam- 
 iners of Montreal, and till the new regulations came into force. 
 
 Mr. Gibson, like his brother Gilbert, was much given to literature. He edited 
 for years the organ of the Presbyterians. He published some most interesting edu- 
 cational volumes, such as Gibson’s “ Latin, Greek and French Vocabulary.” He 
 wrote an excellent work on Canada and many other contributions to the Canadian 
 Press. His “ Etymological Geography ” has never been surpassed. The great work 
 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 5*6 
 
 of his life, however (and the writer remembers him as a young man laboring 
 hard at it over forty years ago), is a Tyro’s Latin Dictionary, which will, if ever 
 printed, be the finest work of its kind for all young students. Mr. Gibson has 
 placed it in the writer’s hands to lay it before some large publishing house, and 
 has requested him to collaborate and edit its pages through the press. 
 
 REV. DR. SMYTH. 
 
 W. J. Smyth, M.A., B.Sc., Ph.D., was born in, the City of Belfast, in the north of 
 Ireland, and when a child came to this country with his parents in 1855. He is of 
 Scottish descent. Before entering the Ministry he taught as a profession. He went 
 to Toronto University, in which he became an undergraduate of the third year, when 
 he entered Knox College, Toronto, graduating there in 1878. He completed his 
 Arts course in Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, where he obtained the degree 
 of Bachelor of Arts. He then began a course of study, and obtained the post grad- 
 uate degree B.Sc. from Syracuse University, N.Y., and the degree of Ph.D. from 
 Bloomington University, 111 . 
 
 The charges he has successfully filled were : St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church, 
 Uxbridge, Ont., where he remained four years ; First Presbyterian Church, New 
 Carlisle, Clark County, Ohio ; the Principalship of the Oshawa Ladies College, Ont., 
 and his present charge, Calvin Presbyterian Church, which has made marvellous 
 progress since he became Pastor, the Congregation being now double what it was 
 six years ago. 
 
 Dr. Smyth is known as a busy public man, and has occupied the position of 
 Secretary of the Protestant Ministerial Association for several years, during its most 
 trying and busy time. He also was one of the Honorary Secretaries of the Citizens 
 Council of the Royal Society of Canada, which met in Montreal in 1891. He is 
 one of the founders and hardest workers of the “ Canadian Association for the Study 
 and Dissemination of Social Science,” of which he is Secretary. 
 
 Dr. Smyth married Miss S. Bagshaw, daughter of Mr. Lot Bagshaw, and has 
 two sons and one daughter. 
 
 DR. GEO. W. CAMPBELL 
 
 Was born at Roseneath, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, 1810. He was educated in the 
 Universities of Glasgow and Dublin. He came to Canada in May, 1833, and settled 
 in Montreal. After studying Medicine he became one of the most influential physi- 
 cians of the city. In 1835, he was appointed to the Chair of Surgery in McGill 
 University, which position he continued to hold for forty years, when in 1875, on 
 account of failing health, he had to resign. He was made Dean of the Faculty in 
 i860, after the death of Dr. Holmes. He fulfilled the duties of this position after 
 his resignation as Professor, and only in 1882 Professor R. P. Howard was appointed 
 in his place. For nearly half a century Dr. Campbell was identified with the progress 
 and development of the Medical Class of McGill University. He died in 1882. 
 
5 l 7 
 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 WILLIAM WILSON, 
 
 Who sustained fatal injuries sonic time ago by being struck by the shaft of a sleigh 
 in St. James Street, died lately at his residence in Lagauchetiere street. The news 
 was received with much regret by a large circle of friends, but especially among 
 the Irish citizens, by whom he was highly respected and esteemed. Mr. Wilson was 
 a public-spii ited citizen, and his fellow countrymen always found him ready to assist 
 in any undertaking which tended to further the material and social interests of the 
 men of his race. In turn, he was President of the St. Patrick’s National Society, the 
 Emerald Snowshoe Club, the Shamrock Lacrosse Club, and was connected with 
 other societies. Lor many years he was an active member of the Junior Conservative 
 Club, and was also President of the Lome Fish and Game Club. He was in his 
 seventy-fourth year, and was a native of Ennis, Co. Clare. In his early years he 
 served as a member of the 24th Regiment, and some thirty years ago he retired on a 
 life pension. He then went into business, and, being successful, retired many years 
 ago with a competency. He first came to Montreal in 1852. 
 
 BENAIATI GIBB, SEN., 
 
 Was born in Northumberland, England, May 6th, 1755. Came to Montreal in 1774, 
 and in 1775 opened the business, which still continues (perhaps the oldest of any) 
 in the City of Montreal. He retired from active business in 1815, the year of the 
 Battle of Waterloo. His two sons, Thomas Gibb and James Duncan Gibb, succeeded 
 him. In 1820, he was a Director of the “ Savings Bank.” He commemorated his 
 jubilee of coming to Montreal in 1774 in 1824 by a grand entertainment given to the 
 principal citizens, where “ the Band of the 70th Regiment (according to the account 
 found in the Herald of that date) added much to the eiYjoyment of the company.” 
 He died in 1826. 
 
 Isaac J. Gibb, one of the best known men in connection with the English Church 
 (with his estimable wife, the benevolent and Christian Mrs. I. J. Gibb, of Como), is 
 descended from this family ; also the late Charles Gibb, of Abbotsford, who did so 
 much regarding the pomology of our country, and who went even to Russia in the 
 pursuit of information. One of the daughters, Elizabeth, married James Orkney, 
 whose daughter, Miss Orkney, now resides in the Gibb mansion, St. Catherine 
 street. 
 
 His son, Benaiah, faithfully carried out the ideas and opinions of his father. 
 After an even and uneventful political and civic life, he died in Montreal, 1st June, 
 1877. By his will (now long ago acted on) he left all his pictures and statues to form 
 the nucleus of an Art Gallery for the citizens of Montreal. What puzzles the writer 
 is, that left to the city, at least to the Art Association, the public should be compelled 
 to pay twenty-five cents each admission to see these and other pictures afterwards 
 donated, such as those by the late Judge McKay. I plead the cause of the poor and 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 518 
 
 laboring man. They have the appreciation of the beautiful amongst them as amongst 
 the rich and middle classes, and why deprive them of the pleasure which the founder 
 evidently had in view when he donated all his collection to this purpose ? If not 
 open to the public at all times free, let it be open, as in the great European galleries, 
 one or two days weekly for thegeneral public. A great granddaughter of Mr. Gibb’s 
 is married to the Rev. Arthur French, B.A., of Oxford, who is the Rector of the only 
 Public Church School for Boys in the Province. This is in connection with St. John 
 the Evangelist’s Church. 
 
 L. D. LAFONTAINE, M.D. 
 
 His death occurred a few days ago at St. Edouard de Napierville. 1 he deceased 
 gentleman represented Napierville County in the Legislature, as a Liberal, from 1870 
 to 1881. Dr. Lafontaine took a prominent part in the political troubles of 1838, 
 and was sentenced to death, but subsequently pardoned. He had long been ill. Last 
 autumn he returned from Europe after an unsuccessful search for relief, and had 
 since been under the care of Drs. Brosseau and Rottot, of this city. He leaves seven 
 children, one of whom is Mr. Eugene Lafontaine, advocate, and ex-member of 1 arlia- 
 ment for Napierville. Mr. Lafontaine once was partner with the well-known Aider- 
 man Prefontaine, which gave occasion to the Author one day to say, when visiting 
 their office, and finding first the junior partner’s office and then behind it the senior’s, 
 “ The fountain stands before the fountain.” He was born at St. Edouard, on the 
 27th November, 1857, and educated in Montreal College and at Laval University, 
 where he was the prize medalist. He married Elmire, daughter of L. J. Moll, of 
 Berthier. He was called to the Bar of the Province of Quebec, in 1879, all(J ha< ^ 
 the high distinction of being made a Doctor of Civil Law the degiee having been 
 conferred on him by Laval University in 1881. He was first returned to the Legis- 
 lative Assembly at the last General Election, but has since retired from politics, and 
 is entirely engrossed in the duties of his ever-increasing practice. Other children 
 of Dr. Lafontaine are: Mr. Ulric Lafontaine, of the Court House; Mr. Emery 
 Lafontaine, civil engineer, of Quebec, and Gustave Lafontaine, M.D., of St. Joseph, 
 Kansas. 
 
 LAURENT OLIVIER DAVID 
 
 Was the son of Major Stanislas David and Elizabeth Tremblay. He was born at 
 Sault au Recollet in 1840, and educated at the College of St. Iherese. He studied 
 Law with the late Judge Mousseau, and became his partner when admitted to the Bar 
 in 1864. He established with Mr. Mousseau and Mr. Desbarats the L’Opinion 
 Publique, which was a very popular periodical for many years. He separated from 
 Mr. Mousseau and left L' Opinion Publique on account of differences of opinion aris- 
 ing among the proprietors on the question of Pacific Scandal. He then established 
 with Mr. C. Beausoleill, in 1874, the Bien Public , by the writings of which the Ouimet 
 Government fell on the Tanneries (Land Swap) Scandal, and he originated a deter. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 519 
 
 mined crusade against all religious influence in political questions, which is so well- 
 known to these who lived during these burning times. He left the Bien Public in 
 1876, because he could not agree with the McKenzie Federal Government at Ottawa, 
 on the question of Protection. Mr. David held the opinion that Protection was a 
 necessary thing to save Canada at that time on account of the crisis, and that it was the 
 duty of the Federal Government to put our native industries in a position to compete 
 against all foreign ones, and that Protection for Canadian industries would be good for 
 ten or fifteen years. These years have passed, and the N.P. still holds its sway, so that 
 Mr. David is now in favor of free trade with the United States and all other coun- 
 tries. It is as a literary man that Mr. David is best known to the public. He wrote, 
 after having left the Bien Public , a well-known work on the Rebellion of 1837-8, 
 and called “ Les Patriotes.” From that work the author of this Gazetteer has 
 received more than once immense benefit and help in the writing up of his 
 History of the Montreal Gaol and the present work ; he also published cl Portraits 
 and Biographies ** of well-known Canadians. He was elected in 1886 to the Local 
 House of Parliament for the Province of Quebec, and Deputy for Montreal 
 East, and refused re-election in 1890. He has been President of the Associa- 
 tion of St. Jean Baptiste since 1888, and no man has done more than he has 
 in undertaking to construct the immense national building now being erected in 
 St. Lawrence street. His great object in this undertaking is not only a national 
 monument, but a grand depository to do practical work to his fellow-country- 
 men, so that useless processions may be done awav with, and more learning 
 and intellectual development given to all who will enter within its halls. 
 
 ANTOINE ROUSSEAU 
 
 Was born at Trois Pistoles, March, 1835. His father, Antoine Rousseau, was the 
 maker of the monster clock, built at Quebec, in 1848. He is of Norman descent. His 
 mother was Adelaide St. Pierre, of Ste. Anne la Pocatiere, Brittany, France, and the 
 saying below is well exemplified in the subject of our sketch. We must remember that 
 in Old France they say, “ Audacieux comme un Normand, tenace comme un Breton. *’ 
 He was educated at the Quebec Seminary and St. Anne’s College, and there he car- 
 ried off the First Prizes for Latin, Logic and Drawing. In 1863, he married Charlotte 
 Ann Williams, of New Brunswick, a descendant of the United Empire Loyalists. 
 He had one son who died of typhoid fever in 1880. 
 
 Mr. Rousseau has built several large engines, such as that of the steamer 
 “ Montmagny,” also some well-known bridges, such as the Chaudiere Bridge at 
 Ottawa, for the Federal Government. It has gained him much praise from several 
 eminent engineers, amongst others from Chief Engineer Perley. In 1884, he 
 removed after the destruction of his premises by fire in Quebec to Montreal, where 
 he is now the controlling spirit of the Imperial Bridge Company. In 1887, he was 
 elected Alderman for Hochelaga Ward, but retired in order to devote himself to the 
 ever-increasing duties of his business. 
 
 
 psgss 
 
 
 ms 
 
 
520 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 LIEUTENANT WEIR. 
 
 The epitaph on his tombstone tells where he was born and the concluding event of 
 his life. The grave is in the old Military Burying Ground on the Papineau Road 
 seldom seen by travellers and as seldom by the citizens of Montreal. A square flat 
 stone, over a low vault some two feet high, surrounded by an iron rail, and whose 
 four corner iron ornaments, representing an acorn, have long since disappeared, but 
 which is otherwise in an excellent condition, is the spot that visitors seek most. 
 The inscription on the top heavy slab, in deep clean cut letters, reads : — 
 
 “ Beneath this stone are deposited ihe remains of George Weir, Esq., of Karnes, in Berwickshire, 
 Scotland, late Lieutenant [in Her Majesty’s 32nd, or Cornwall Regiment, aged 29 years, who was 
 barbarously murdered at St. Denis, Lower Canada, on the 23rd of November, 1837. ’ 
 
 DAVID IIANDYSIDE. 
 
 He was born in Edinburgh, the Capital of Scotland, nth August, 1794* 'With his 
 two brothers, when they were all young men, they left their native land and came 
 to Montreal. They became merchants in St. Joseph street. The two brothers after- 
 wards owned and operated a large distillery at Longue Pointe, the ruins of which 
 to-day are made into fine stables, barns and outhouses belonging to Mr. Viau, who 
 now owns the property. David’s Distillery was on St. Mary street, and the founda- 
 tions and walls are still seen in the large tobacco factory opposite Fullum street. 
 He was named a member of the new Corporation of Montreal in 1840. He married 
 Melinda Adams, of Burlington, Vermont, and died 15th March, 1855. His eldest 
 daughter married Joseph Jones, the Coroner, a man who, though over eighty years 
 of age, is still able to perform the duties of his onerous profession. His son, Charles 
 Handyside, resides at Lachine. 
 
 HON. JOHN McINTOSH, Jun., 
 
 Was born in the County of Laprairie, in 1842, and is of Scotch parentage. He early 
 engaged in farming and stock raising, being a successful man in this line of business 
 as far back as i860. He was for many years the manager of the Canadian Meat 
 and Produce Company, and latterly has been extensively engaged in the export of 
 produce and cattle to England and European markets. He was first returned to the 
 Local Legislature for Compton in 1886, and was re-elected at the last General 
 Election. In the House he holds a leading position as a sound, practical, common- 
 sense member, and when roused he is able to deal his adversaries sharp cutting 
 blows, all the more effective because he is generally well posted on what he speaks 
 about. After the dismissal of the Mercier Government in December, 1891, he was 
 chosen to represent the Protestant division of the Eastern Townships, and is now 
 (February, 1892) in the Local Cabinet of Quebec, and by the result of the General 
 Flections of 8th March last still remains in power. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 521 
 
 BAZAR G£N£RALE. 
 
 In this age of change and progress we observe things never dreamed of in the phi- 
 osoj) ty of our ancestors. Men in the highest ranks of life, at the close of this cen- 
 tury, are seen devoting their time and energy, not only to literature and science, but to 
 ie broad platform of commerce, and though even yetthe old wall of partition between 
 ■Blue Blood and Trade still m many cases remains, the march of progress is too strong 
 and too overwhelming, so that this wall will soon totter down, and the old antipathy 
 die out, and labor in all its mental and physical phases will in no way detract from 
 the man. I am led to these remarks by the heading of this sketch. Two years ago 
 two French noblemen determined to make Canada their home, and they chose Mon- 
 treal. Le Comte de S.eyes and Baron Louis de Poliniere saw that this Province 
 offered special inducements for themselves and their families, but they were men of 
 advanced ideas as regards labor, and they conceived and have now carried out the 
 development of one of the finest establishments on the Continent of America. It 
 consists of an immense store of all kinds of merchandise, and rivals its great English 
 one Morgan’s. 1 he establishment is situated on three streets, St. Lawrence, St. 
 
 atherine and St. Charles Borronnte. It is carried on in the same manner as 
 Le Bon Marche of Paris, Macey’s of New York, or Jordan, Marsh & Co.’s of Boston. 
 Htey have taken this name as the title of the firm, Le Compagnie Generale des 
 Bazars, but its popular name among the citizens of Montreal is simply The Bazaar. 
 
 I he building is four stories high, of cut limestone, but what impresses one is not 
 the out but the inside, although the immense plate glass windows are worth looking 
 at. On entering, the visitor or buyer finds himself in a spacious store where 
 he can procure all kinds of family goods of every make and price, whilst 
 opposite to this runs another store as large, occupied entirely with gentlemen’s 
 furnishings of all sorts, with every kind of perfumery and all the et-ceteras of a refined 
 home. The elevator will then take him to the ladies’ department, where one of the 
 most complete assortments of furs, mantles, boots and shoes, silks and everything 
 required by the most fastidious dame can be seen in abundance and at remarkably 
 low prices. 
 
 The second floor is, perhaps, for the ladies the goal of their desires. Here are 
 the drawing rooms of the Parisian artiste who superintends all, and connected with 
 them is the millinery departments. Aristocratic costumes, equal to Worth’s, are sent 
 from this department, and her dresses for balls and evening parties have attracted 
 much attention, so that her hands are always full. Another department is devoted 
 to carpets of every kind and quality, and here one of the best stocks in Montreal is 
 to be found. The next is the glass, china, silver and tinware departments, includ- 
 ing almost everything in these lines that any one can wish, with that of house furnish- 
 ings in endless variety. This short description can give a poor idea of the size and 
 importance of the Bazar Generale. Let those who have not been in it yet see for 
 themselves. It lies on two lines of the street cars, and is in one of the most central 
 parts of Montreal. 
 
522 
 
 J 22 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 RICHARD HEMSLEY 
 
 Was born in Cirencester, England, and came when quite a young man to Canada 
 making Montreal his home, where he has remained ever since. He has fo, over 
 a quarter of a century been carrying on business as a successful watchmaker, 
 jeweller and gold and silver smith. A unique, useful and ingenious patent of his 
 is found in all jewellers’ shops in Britain, France and Germany, as well as on this 
 
 Continent. “ Hemsley’s automatic Diamond tweezer's,’’ for hfting gems for the pit pose 
 of examination, has supplied a want which forages was never thought of , but thet g 
 which has brought the most renown to him has been h is air tight window ,0 which 
 a fine engraving is given, and which is the only one of its kind on this Continent. 
 In Europe window display is the leading feature of the retail trade, and in no 
 business is this carried to such perfection as among the jewellers. 1 hese displays 
 are one of the chief attractions to the cities of the old world, and any one who 
 has visited London or Paris can testify to the fact of the seductive influence that 
 they have on one’s purse. In these cities, immense values are put m the windows, 
 and form one of the sights for travellers. Keen competition for generations has 
 compelled retail merchants to adopt every possible means to attract customers, and 
 without some such enterprise it is impossible to succeed. The general store has 
 exerted a very great influence on the trade of this country, and the word store implies 
 a search within for anything you want j but in the old country way of doing business 
 the merchandise is forced on the notice of the public, while here one has to searc r 
 for what they think they would like, and a great deal of time is lost m what is called 
 shopping. One of the great hindrances in adopting the old country method of window 
 display has been the extreme cold in winter and the dust and flies m summer. In 
 winter the windows freeze and become opaque, and if ventilated so that they could 
 not freeze, the dust and dirt caused by the ventilation will spoil the goods^ After 
 years of experimenting and trying to overcome these difficulties, Mr. Hemsley 
 invented a method by which these troubles can be avoided, and which, it generally 
 adopted, would have a great effect in making the retail streets more attractive. 
 The invention consists in making the window perfectly air-tight and isolating it 
 completely from the shop. The window is separated from the shop by a narrow 
 passage, so ventilated from the sides and top that when the door is opened leading 
 to the window and again closed all the hot air from the shop is carried away, and 
 when the air-tight window is opened the air in the passage and window are of the 
 same temperature. So perfectly does this work that even at 20° below zero outside 
 and the shop at 70°, the window can be opened and closed with impunity wit 1011 
 any steaming of the glass ever occurring. The articles are displayed in such a con- 
 venient manner that goods to any amount of value can be shown, so that eveiy 
 article with its price is easily seen, and the goods so arranged that any tiay 01 artic e 
 can be removed from the window and shown to the customer with the greatest of ease. 
 The window and fittings were made by Messrs. F. Sage & Co., Greys Inn oa , 
 
GOLDSJIIH RICHARD HEM SLEY' JEWELLER 
 
 255 & 257 ST. JAMES STREET. 
 
GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 523 
 
 London, the celebrated shop fitters, who carried out the work in the most satisfactory 
 manner; and although the window and fittings were made there, even to the French 
 polishing of the wood work, some idea of the great nicety of the work can be under- 
 stood when we learn that it took three months to arrange it in its position by work- 
 men especially sent out to set it up. The lighting is very effective, having a row of 
 electric lights in silver lamps suspended outside the window. It is secured at night 
 by corrugated steel shutters, and protected from the sun by an awning ingeniously 
 arranged on spring rollers, so that when it is not used it is completely invisible to the 
 eye of the passer-by. The interior of the shop was also designed by the same London 
 firm, which with the large and complete jewellery factory in the rear form one of the 
 most complete and attractive establishments in Montreal. This attractive window is 
 in St. James street, and is one of the best sights of the street. There are always more 
 or less passengers stopping and looking at the beautiful collection of all kinds of 
 articles, gold and silver, which one sees there displayed. What renders the window 
 so attractive is, that as the price of every individual thing is plainly marked the public 
 at once know the value of it. This European plan should be far more established 
 here. 
 
 
524 
 
 'U 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 The Author, at the conclusion of this Gazetteer, begs leave to apologize to all his 
 patrons, and to those whose memoirs are printed within its pages, that, imperfect as 
 those memoirs are, they, give only a slight idea (maybe a compressed idea) of the 
 principal parts of each individual’s life. Time, space and cost are important factors 
 in compiling such a work as this; but if he should, through ignorance or any other 
 cause, have ignored any families in Montreal which would otherwise have appeared 
 in these pages, he can only say that hundreds (he was going to say thousands) of 
 letters, notes, and postal cards have been sent out, and scores of calls made on very 
 many families whose names do not appear, or who appear only in a shortened sketch ; 
 that it is not the fault of the Author, who did not know the whole particulars in such 
 cases, but that the fault is their own. Perhaps, in the near future, another volume 
 may be produced, dealing with the balance of Montreal’s worthies, and especially its 
 Commercial Worthies, and then they can appear in it. The original design of the 
 Author, — which was to reproduce all the pictures in the same page with the letter-press 
 description,. — has been abandoned, and, at a little more expense to both publishers 
 and patrons, the likenesses have been printed and inserted on thick, separate sheets, 
 thereby making a far better and more valuable volume. This is a change for the 
 better which, the Author feels, not one of the interested parties will object to. The 
 original intention of the Author was to publish a work containing only the names 
 and Biographies of his actual Patrons and Subscribers, but the Gazetteer has grown 
 on his hands to such an extent, that he has made it as complete as he possibly could, 
 under existing circumstances, and he flatters himself that the result is a work, the 
 like of which has never before been published in Montreal, and containing over 
 six hundred sketches of different persons and families, who, in days gone by, or at 
 this, the close of the Nineteenth Century, have made Montreal what she now is, 
 “ The Metropolitical City of the Dominion of Canada,” and the seventh or eighth 
 largest on the American Continent. 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 The following changes in the Sketches of several of those represented in this 
 Gazetteer have taken place whilst the work was passing through the Press. A 
 most important era in the History, not only of Montreal, but of the Province of 
 Quebec, has passed over the country since the commencement of the printing of these 
 Sketches six months ago ; however, the following Addenda will bring every item 
 down to the present day, 31st March, 1892. 
 
 The following have passed away to join the great majority : — 
 
 Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, Bishop Oxenden, Rev. Dr. Fraser, Roswell Lyman, R. f, 
 Devins, Dr. Godfrey, Dr. Lafontaine, Rev. Robert Lindsay, Wm. Notman Dr. Du" 
 dale, Wm. Wilson, etc. 
 
 HON. JAMES McSHANE 
 
 8th March, 1892, lost his election as one of the Deputies of Montreal to the Quebec 
 Legislature, P. Kennedy, Esq., M.P.P., being elected in his stead. 
 
 HON. J. S. HALL 
 
 Has been re-elected in the West Ward of Montreal over Col. Bond by a great 
 majority, thus keeping him in as the Treasurer of the Province, in the DeBoucherville 
 Government at Quebec. 
 
 HON. L. O. TAILLON 
 
 Has gained his election in Chambly County, and thereby has remained a member 
 of the Provincial Government of Quebec. It is now rumored that he will be elevated 
 to the Bench after the next Session. 
 
 HON. HONORfi MERCIER 
 
 Elected by a large majority for Bonaventure County, but the vox populi of the Pro- 
 vince went against him, and he has been defeated by the Conservative Government 
 by an overwhelming majority. He has resigned as Deputy for the County, and 
 intends to retire from political life and devote himself to his profession. He has entered 
 into partnership with Mr. Gouin, his son-in-law, and another Advocate. 
 
526 
 
 GAZETTEER OF MONTREAL. 
 
 HENRI S. HARWOOD 
 
 Lost his election for Vaudreuil at the last bye-election, and has retired. 
 
 JOSEPH BRUNET 
 
 Lost his election in the General Elections of 8th March last. 
 
 H. B. RAINVILLE 
 
 Lost his election in the General Elections of 8th March last. 
 
 HON. GEO. DUHAMEL 
 
 Lost his election in the General Elections of 8th March last. He is no longer a 
 member of the Provincial Government. 
 
 HON. J. E. ROBIDOUX 
 
 Lost his election at the last General Elections, and is no longer a member of the 
 Provincial Government. He will hereafter practice on his own account. 
 
 DAMASE PARISEAU 
 
 Elected for St. Louis Division of Montreal over Alderman Rainville, and is now 
 M.P.P. for that Constituency in the Local Legislature of Quebec. 
 
 GEO. W. STEPHENS 
 
 Was elected 8th March, at the General Elections, for the County of Huntingdon, 
 over Dr. Cameron, and is now M.P.P. for that County in the Provincial Parliament. 
 
 HON. ARTHUR BOYER 
 
 Loss his election 8th March for Jacques Cartier County, and is now out of politics. 
 
 REV. JAMES BARCLAY 
 
 Has been made a Doctor of Divinity of Glasgow University, and is now the Rev. 
 Dr. Barclay. 
 
iistidex. 
 
 A. 
 
 Abbott, Hon. Premier 
 
 Albani, Mde 
 
 Alexander, Charles 
 
 Allan, Andrew 
 
 Allan, Rev. John 
 
 Allan, Sir Hugh 
 
 Anderson, Dickson 
 
 Anderson, Rev. Canon .... 
 
 Anderson, Robert 
 
 Angus, Richard B 
 
 Archambault, C. 6^ F.X . 
 Archambault, Hon. Horace 
 
 Archambault, Jos. L 
 
 Armour, Robert 
 
 A scher, Isidore 
 
 Aubin, Nap 
 
 Aylwin, Judge 
 
 B. 
 
 Baby, Judge 
 
 Badgley, Judge 
 
 Bagg, Stanley C 
 
 Baldwin, Bishop... . 
 
 Bancroft, Rev. Dr 
 
 Barber, Dr. J 
 
 Barclay, Rev. J 
 
 Barnard, Edmund 
 
 Barry, Dennis 
 
 Bates, John, sen 
 
 Baynes, Wm. Craig 
 
 Bazaar Generate 
 
 Beaubien, Dr 
 
 Beaubien, Hon. L 
 
 Beaugrand, II 
 
 Beausoleil, Cleophas 
 
 Bellemare, R 
 
 Bellerose, Hon. Jos. H. ... , 
 
 Bellingham, S. R 
 
 Bergeron, J . G. H 
 
 Bernard, Aid is 
 
 Berthelet, A. O 
 
 Bert helot, Hon. Judge 
 
 Bertram Alex 
 
 Belhune, Rev. Dean 
 
 Bethune, Rev. John 
 
 Bethune, St radian 
 
 B i laud. Max.. 
 
 Bibaud, Michel 
 
 Billings, Elkanah 
 
 Birks, Richard 
 
 Page 
 
 122 
 
 271 
 
 225 
 
 166 
 
 457 
 
 165 
 
 425 
 
 334 
 
 178 
 
 379 
 
 506 
 
 252 
 
 297 
 
 *73 
 
 150 
 
 363 
 
 192 
 
 310 
 
 190 
 
 300 
 
 325 
 
 497 
 
 *99 
 
 226 
 
 280 
 
 3 ° 2 
 
 501 
 
 2 55 
 
 521 
 
 424 
 
 434 
 
 188 
 
 281 
 201 
 
 495 
 
 200 
 
 233 
 
 254 
 
 1 10 
 452 
 223 
 *32 
 * 3 2 
 *33 
 181 
 184 
 238 
 *57 
 
 Black, Rev. Ed 
 
 Blake, Dr 
 
 lllondin, Marie E. S 
 
 Bond, Bishop 
 
 Bond, Major 
 
 Booker, Col 
 
 Bourbonnais, A. G 
 
 Bourgeois, Marguerite 
 
 Bourget, His Grace Archbishop. 
 
 Boutellier, F. G 
 
 Boyer, L. A 
 
 Boyer, Hon. Arthur 
 
 Boyer, Louis 
 
 Branchaud, A., Q.C 
 
 Bray ley, John W 
 
 Brodeur, L. P 
 
 Brodie, Hugh 
 
 Brown, James 
 
 Brown, Thos. S 
 
 Browne, George 
 
 Browne, John James 
 
 Brunet, Jos 
 
 Brush, George 
 
 Brydges, C. J 
 
 Brymner, Douglas 
 
 Buller, Dr Frank 
 
 Bureau, Senator J. O 
 
 C. 
 
 Campbell, Dr. F. W 
 
 Campbell, Dr. G. W 
 
 Campbell, Rev. Dr 
 
 Campbell, Rollo 
 
 Cantlie, James A 
 
 Cardinal 6° Duquette 
 
 Carter, Edward 
 
 Cartier, Jacques 
 
 Cartier, Sir George 
 
 Cassidy, Francis, Q. C 
 
 Cassils, William 
 
 Chatters, Hon. W. H 
 
 Champlain 
 
 Chapleau Hon. J. A 
 
 Charlevoix 
 
 Chauveau, Hon. P. J. O 
 
 Chenier, Dr 
 
 Cherrier, C. S .. 
 
 Clarke, Simon 
 
 Clendinneng, Alderman „ 
 
 Cloran, H. J 
 
 Coderre, Dr 
 
 Page 
 
 . 483 
 
 299 
 
 492 
 
 **9 
 
 2*7 
 
 204 
 
 368 
 
 405 
 
 *83 
 
 332 
 
 427 
 
 427 
 
 442 
 
 *75 
 
 367 
 
 21 1 
 
 381 
 
 429 
 
 277 
 
 259 
 
 455 
 
 283 
 
 334 
 
 *58 
 
 *52 
 
 503 
 
 333 
 
 408 
 
 516 
 
 *59 
 
 407 
 
 *99 
 
 286 
 
 190 
 
 388 
 
 120 
 
 493 
 
 338 
 
 375 
 
 394 
 
 *25 
 
 105 
 
 213 
 
 *83 
 
 - 257 
 , 368 
 504 
 
 ■ 5,2 o 
 
 . 228 
 
528 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 1 
 
 Pagk 
 
 Coffin, Wm.C 184 
 
 Cour sol, Judge 12 2 
 
 Court, James * 5 8 
 
 Craig, Sir James 114 
 
 Craik, Dr 3 28 
 
 Crankshaw, T 406 
 
 Cross, Judge 222 
 
 Curran, J. J , Q*C 215 
 
 Page 
 
 Duhamel, Joseph 193 
 
 Duncan, James 196 
 
 Dunkin, Judge 503 
 
 Dunlop, James 508 
 
 D’Urban, Sir Benjamin 514 
 
 Durocher, Eulalie 464 
 
 Duvernay, Ludger 2 14 
 
 Dyde. Col 231 
 
 D. 
 
 Dandurand, R. Madame 
 
 Daniel, L’Abb<§ 
 
 Dansereau, Arthur 
 
 Darling, Wm 
 
 David, A. H., M.D 
 
 David, F. C 
 
 David, L. O 
 
 Davidson, Dr. Leonidas H 
 
 Davidson, Judge C. P 
 
 Dawson, Dr. George M 
 
 Dawson, Sir J. William 
 
 Day, J. J.. Q.C 
 
 Debartzch, Hon. P. D.. 
 
 De Beauharnois, Marquis 
 
 De Boucherville, Hon. Chas 
 
 De Callieres, Chevalier 
 
 De Levis, Due 
 
 De Lorimier, Judge 
 
 De Maisonneuve 
 
 De Montigny, B. A. T 
 
 De Salaberry, Col 
 
 Desaulniers, Dr 
 
 Desjardins, Dr 
 
 Desjardins, L. C. Alphonse 
 
 Desmarteau, Charles 
 
 De Sola, Rev. Abraham 
 
 De Vaudreuil, Marquis 
 
 De Vaudreuil, Marquis 
 
 Devins, R. J 
 
 D’Iberville, Lemoine 
 
 Dinning, John G 
 
 Dixon, Rev. James H 
 
 Doherty, Judge C. J 
 
 Doherty, Judge M 
 
 Doi Chester, Lord 
 
 Dorion, Judge V. P. W 
 
 Dorion. Sir A. A 
 
 Dougall, John 
 
 Doutre, Joseph, Q.C 
 
 Dowd, Rev. Patrick 
 
 Drolet, Gustave A 
 
 Drummond, Dr. W. H 
 
 Drummond, Judge 
 
 Drummond, McCall Co 
 
 Drummond, Senator 
 
 Du Calvet 
 
 Da Frost, Marie M 
 
 Dugas, Judge 
 
 Dugdale, Dr 
 
 Duhamel, Hon. George 
 
 4*7 
 
 181 
 
 164 
 
 339 
 
 480 
 
 178 
 
 5*8 
 
 460 
 
 260 
 
 333 
 
 I2 7 
 
 180 
 
 214 
 
 106 
 
 1 7 2 
 
 104 
 108 
 
 433 
 
 103 
 
 369 
 
 250 
 
 *45 
 
 4*3 
 
 212 
 
 438 
 
 465 
 
 105 
 
 107 
 448 
 
 104 
 261 
 
 439 
 
 428 
 
 428 
 
 142 
 
 35 2 
 
 219 
 
 461 
 
 196 
 
 *47 
 
 443 
 
 494 
 
 305 
 
 308 
 
 2 59 
 
 168 
 
 385 
 
 393 
 
 448 
 
 344 
 
 E. 
 
 Ellegood, Rev. Canon 
 
 Esson, Rev. Henry 
 
 Evans, Edward P 
 
 Evans, James S 
 
 Evans, Ven. Archdeacon 
 
 Evans, Wm..* 
 
 Evans, William S 
 
 F. 
 
 Fabre, E. R 
 
 Fabre, His Grace Archbishop. 
 
 Fenwick, Dr 
 
 Ferguson, Alexander 
 
 Ferland, Abbe 
 
 Ferrier, Hon. Senator 
 
 Finnie, Dr. [. T 
 
 Fisher, Duncan 
 
 Fisher, John 
 
 Fisher, Sidney A 
 
 Fisson, Marie 
 
 Fitz Hawley, Wm 
 
 Fletcher, Archibald 
 
 Forsyth, Major 
 
 Fortin, Thomas 
 
 Foucher, Judge 
 
 Franchere, J. Arthur 
 
 Fraser, Rev. Donald 
 
 Fraser, Simon 
 
 Frechette, Louis 
 
 Frobisher, Joseph 
 
 Fulford, Bishop 
 
 c. 
 
 Gage, General Thomas 
 
 Galt, Sir Alexander 
 
 Gates, Hon. Horatio 
 
 Gault, Andrew F 
 
 Gault, M. H 
 
 Gauvin, Dr 
 
 Gendron, P. S 
 
 Gesu, Church of 
 
 Gibb, Benaiah, Sen 
 
 Gibson, Thos. A 
 
 Giles, H. M 
 
 Gill, Judge 
 
 Gilman, Hon. F.E 
 
 Gird wood, Dr. G. P 
 
 Girouard, D6sir6, M.P 
 
 Glackmeyer, Chas 
 
 Glassford, Jas. A... 
 
 412 
 
 316 
 
 3*6 
 
 4 2 3 
 
 253 
 
 320 
 
 * *7 
 * 1 7 
 190 
 501 
 
 **7 
 
 328 
 
 260 
 
 *33 
 
 *73 
 
 134 
 
 454 
 
 *50 
 
 * 9 * 
 
 128 
 
 284 
 
 *30 
 
 487 
 
 500 
 
 483 
 
 3 2 4 
 35 6 
 1 iS 
 
 107 
 
 148 
 
 421 
 
 303 
 
 3°4 
 
 184 
 
 490 
 3 21 
 5*7 
 5*5 
 19 2 
 426 
 
 153 
 
 160 
 
 164 
 
 270 
 
 3 2 3 
 
 L 
 
INDEX, 
 
 52 ^ 
 
 Page 
 
 Page 
 
 Goad, Chas. E 486 
 
 Godfrey, Dr 368 
 
 Godu, Major 240 
 
 Grant, Cuthbert 384 
 
 Gray, Henry R 315 
 
 Guy, Pierre 347 
 
 Joseph, Gershom 474 
 
 Joseph, Henry... 470 
 
 Joseph, Jacob Henry 471 
 
 Joseph, Jesse 473 
 
 Judah, Fred. T., Q.C 177 
 
 H. 
 
 K. 
 
 Hague, George 273 
 
 Hall, Dr. Archibald 402 
 
 Hall, Hon. J. S 129 
 
 Hamilton, Hon. John 240 
 
 Kennedy, Dr. R. A 203 
 
 Kennedy, William 220 
 
 Kerr, William W. 11., Q.C 461- 
 
 Kollmyer, Alex. H 493 
 
 Handyside, David 520 
 
 Harwood, Col 265 
 
 Harwood, Dr.. . . 265 
 
 L. 
 
 Harwood, Marie Henriette 266 
 
 Harwood, Robert Unwin 265 
 
 Heavysege, Charles 186 
 
 Ilemsley, Richard 522 
 
 Henderson, Rev. Dr 19 1 
 
 Henderson, William 258 
 
 Henshaw, Frederick W 324 
 
 Hicks, William H 186 
 
 Hickson, Sir Joseph . 14 1 
 
 Ilimsworth. Wm. Alfred 150 
 
 Hincks, Sir Francis 307 
 
 Hingston, Dr 430 
 
 Hobbs, William 485 
 
 Hodges, James 386 
 
 Holland, George A., Sen 489 
 
 Holmes, Dr 140 
 
 Holton, Edward 179 
 
 Holton, Hon. L 179 
 
 Honey, JohnS 263 
 
 Howard, Dr. R. Palmer 376 
 
 Howard, Henry, M.D 144 
 
 Howe, Dr. H Aspinwall 383 
 
 Hubert, Louis Ed 272 
 
 Hubert, R. A. R... 285 
 
 Hudon, Victor 256 
 
 Hughes, Chief 445 
 
 Hunt, T. Sterry 198 
 
 Huntington, Hon. S. L 195 
 
 Hutchins, B 359 
 
 Hutchinson, Matthew 253 
 
 1. 
 
 Idler, Ernest 514 
 
 Ireland, William 438 
 
 j. 
 
 Jalbert, Captain 23C 
 
 Jenkins, Rev. Dr 327 
 
 Jett6, Judge 149 
 
 Johnson, Dr. Alexander 451 
 
 Johnson, Sir Francis 123 
 
 Jones, John, jun 481 
 
 Labadie, J. A 446 
 
 Lal>elle Captain 320 
 
 Lachapelle, E. P., M.D 306- 
 
 Lacoste, Hon. Chief Justice 124 
 
 Laflamme, Hon. T. A. R 399 
 
 Lafontaine, L. D., M.D 518 
 
 Lafontaine, Sir Louis II 121 
 
 Laframboise, Judge 219 
 
 Lamothe, G. J. B 182 
 
 Lareau, E., B.C.L 150 
 
 Lartigue, Bishop 1 1 2 
 
 LaSalle S l ° 
 
 Latour, Dr 43& 
 
 Laviolette, Hon. J. G 322 
 
 Leach, Archdeacon 160 
 
 Leblanc, Charles A 4° 2 
 
 Leblanc, P. E 230 
 
 I^clerc, Rev. J. U 280 
 
 Lefebvre, Michel * 4°9 
 
 Lemoyne, Charles 103 
 
 Lenoir, Joseph ! 9& 
 
 Lepailleur, F. M 434 
 
 Leprohon, Mrs 206 
 
 Leslie, Hon. James 213 
 
 Lighthall, Wm. F., N.P ........ •••• 234 
 
 Lilly, John 3^5 
 
 Lindsay, Rev. David 454 
 
 Lindsay, Rev. Kobt 406 
 
 Lindsay, Robt. Alex 335 
 
 Logan, Sir William 3 12 
 
 Loranger, Hon. L. O 240 
 
 Lumsden, Hugh David 44<> 
 
 Lusher, Rev. Robert L.... 239 
 
 Lyman, Frederick Styles, Q.C 4 62 
 
 Lyman, Lieut-Col. Theodore 453 • 
 
 Lyman, Roswell C 455 
 
530 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 M. 
 
 MacCallum, Duncan C., M.D 
 
 Mackay, Edward 
 
 Mackay. Joseph 
 
 Macmaster, Donald, Q.C 
 
 MacVicar, Rev. Dr 
 
 McConnell, Dr. J. B 
 
 McCord, John, Sen 
 
 McDonald, John 
 
 McDougall, John 
 
 McEachran, Duncan McNab.. 
 
 McGee, Hon. T. D 
 
 McGibbon, Alexander 
 
 McGill, Hon. James 
 
 McGill, Hon. Peter 
 
 McGillivray, PI on. William. . . . 
 
 McIntosh, Hon. John 
 
 McKay, Judge 
 
 McKay, Lieut. Chas 
 
 McKenzie, Alexander 
 
 McKenzie, Hon. Roderick 
 
 McPherson, Lieut. -Col. J 
 
 McPherson, Helen 
 
 McShane, Hon. James 
 
 Mance, Mile 
 
 Marchand, Hon. Felix G 
 
 Massey, Rev. Samuel 
 
 Masson, Damien 
 
 Masson, Dr 
 
 Masson, Hon. Joseph. 
 
 Masson, lion. Louis P\ R 
 
 Mat he son, Rev. Dr 
 
 Meilleur, Dr 
 
 Mercier, Hon. Honoi£ 
 
 Miles, Dr. Henry H 
 
 Miller, Robert 
 
 Mills, Rev. Canon 
 
 Mitchell, Hon. Peter 
 
 Moffatt, Hon. George 
 
 Molson, Hon. John 
 
 Molson, William 
 
 Mondelet, Hon. Chas. J. E.. . . 
 
 Mondelet, Hon. Dom. 
 
 Monk, Judge S. C 
 
 Morin, Hon. Louis N 
 
 Mortice, David 
 
 Morris & Holt 
 
 Morris, Hon. Alex 
 
 Morris, Hon. William 
 
 Mount, Dr. J. W 
 
 Mount Stephen, Lord 
 
 Mousseau, Judge 
 
 Mower, Nahum 
 
 Munderloh, Wm. C 
 
 Munro, Dr. P 
 
 Munro, Hector 
 
 Murphy, A. McA 
 
 Murphy, Hon. Senator Ed. . .. 
 
 Page 
 .. 346 
 146 
 . . 146 
 . 169 
 
 . . 207 
 
 .. 458 
 
 .. 4I«9 
 
 • 504 
 
 • 443 
 . 245 
 
 • 371 
 
 • 313 
 
 . I l6 
 
 • *35 
 
 • 398 
 . 520 
 . 187 
 
 • 392 
 
 • 365 
 
 • 375 
 . 152 
 . 198 
 . 101 
 . 404 
 . 498 
 
 • 456 
 . 214 
 . 214 
 . 266 
 . 267 
 . 200 
 , 141 
 
 161 
 
 • 413 
 
 • *7 1 
 . 486 
 . 250 
 . 211 
 . 326 
 . 216 
 . 509 
 
 • 45 2 
 . 218 
 
 • 39i 
 . 174 
 . 488 
 . 502 
 . 490 
 
 • 335 
 
 hi 
 
 . 138 
 
 • 403 
 
 • 358 
 
 • *58 
 . 185 
 . 176 
 . 209 
 
 N. 
 
 Nantel, Hon. G. A 49 1 
 
 Narbonne, Nicolas, Daunais, Hindelang and 
 De Lorimier 289 
 
 Nelson, Dr. Alfred 
 
 Nelson, Dr. Horace ..... 
 
 Nelson, Dr. Robert 
 
 Nelson, Dr. Wolfred, Sen 
 
 Nelson, Horatio A 
 
 Nelson, Wolfred, Jun . . . . 
 
 Nichols, Charles 
 
 Norman, Rev. Dr 
 
 Not man, William 
 
 Notre Dame Church 
 
 o . 
 
 O’Donell, James 
 
 Ogilvie, Senator..... 
 Ouimet, Hon. G£d6on 
 Ouimet, Lieut. Col . . . 
 Oxenden, Bishop 
 
 P. 
 
 Pagnuelo, Judge . 
 
 Palmer, William 
 
 Panet, Hon. Pierre L 
 
 Pangman, Hon. John, and Peter 
 
 Papineau, Hon. L. J 
 
 Papineau, Joseph 
 
 Papineau, Louis Jos. Amedte . . . , 
 
 Parizeau, Damase 
 
 Parkyn, Willian 
 
 Payette, Louis 
 
 Penny, Plon. Ed. Goff.... 
 
 Per.ton, F W. L 
 
 Perrault, C. O 
 
 Perrigo, Dr 
 
 Picault, Dr 
 
 Pinard, J. A 
 
 Plessis, Bishop 
 
 Plimsol, Arthur H 
 
 Porteous, Thomas 
 
 Prefontaine, Raymond F 
 
 Prevost, Wilfrid 
 
 Prieur, F. X 
 
 Proctor, John A 
 
 Prud’homme, Eustache 
 
 Pyke, Judge 
 
 Q . 
 
 Quesnel, Joseph 
 
 Quinlivan, Rev. Father 
 
 R, 
 
 Rainville, Alderman 
 
 Rainville, Judge 
 
 Ramsay, Hew 
 
 Ramsay, Judge 
 
 Reade, John 
 
 Reddy, Dr 
 
 Redpath, John 
 
 Reid, Hon. James 
 
 Renaud, Hon. Louis 
 
 Richardson, Hon. George 
 
 Page 
 , 248 
 , 248 
 250 
 268 
 
 415 
 
 248 
 
 227 
 
 202 
 
 3 ** 
 
 3*7 
 
 507 
 382 
 488 
 205 
 44 7 
 
 418 
 
 421 
 
 IIO 
 
 322 
 
 410 
 
 410 
 
 411 
 401 
 176 
 
 419 
 
 426 
 
 509 
 
 186 
 
 203 
 
 108 
 
 422 
 
 364 
 
 241 
 
 494 
 
 504 
 
 *45 
 
 *73 
 
 144 
 
 429 
 
 445 
 
 * 5 * 
 
 442 
 
 1 73 
 45 * 
 34 * 
 5* 2 
 130 
 1 16 
 1S9 
 423 
 
INDEX, 
 
 Page 
 
 Richmond, Duke of 
 
 Rintoul, Rev. Robert 
 
 Ritchie, Thos. W 
 
 Rivard, Severe 
 
 Robert, Hamelin, Decoigne A. er* C. San- 
 
 guinet 
 
 Robertson, Andrew 
 
 Robertson, Captain 
 
 Robertson, Dr 
 
 Robertson, Hon. Joseph G 
 
 Robertson, Miss 
 
 Robidoux, Hon. Jos. E 
 
 Robillard, Dr 
 
 Robins, Sampson P 
 
 Roddick, Dr 
 
 Rodier, Hon. Charles 
 
 Rolland, Senator 
 
 Rose, Rev . S. R .......... ...... ..••••• 
 
 Rose, Sir John 
 
 Ross, A. M., M.I) 
 
 Ross, David 
 
 Ross, Dr. Geo , 
 
 Rottot, Dr 
 
 Rousseau Antoine 
 
 Routh, Sir Randolph J 
 
 Roux, L’Abb6 
 
 Roy, Euclide 
 
 Roy, Joseph 
 
 Roy, Rouer, Q.C 
 
 Ryan, Hon. Thomas 
 
 Ryan M. P 
 
 Ryland, G. H 
 
 Ryland, Hon. PI. W 
 
 Ryland, W. H 
 
 348 
 
 508 
 
 487 
 
 202 
 
 288 
 
 301 
 
 128 
 
 128 
 
 *39 
 
 140 
 
 345 
 
 360 
 
 355 
 
 3*3 
 
 213 
 
 44 1 
 496 
 
 187 
 154 
 262 
 262 
 
 188 
 5*9 
 377 
 407 
 507 
 4»3 
 
 171 
 
 21 1 
 
 282 
 
 131 
 
 *3i 
 
 >3* 
 
 s. 
 
 Sanborn, Hon. Judge 
 
 Sanborn, M. H 
 
 Sand ham, Alfred 
 
 Schiller, Chas. E 
 
 Sclater, Alexander 
 
 Scott, Adam 
 
 Scott, Dr. W. E 
 
 Scott, William 
 
 Scrimger, Rev. John 
 
 Seargeant, P^ewis J 
 
 Senecal, Hon. L. A 
 
 Shanly, Walter 
 
 Shearer Js. Trail 
 
 Sherbrooke General 
 
 Shorey, Hollis 
 
 Skakel, Alexander 
 
 Sketches of Canadian Patriots 
 
 Smallwood, Dr 
 
 Smith, Sir Donald A 
 
 Smith, John 
 
 Smith, Judge 
 
 Smithers, C. Y 
 
 Smyth, Rev. Dr 
 
 Somerville, Rev. James G 
 
 Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue 
 St. George, P. W 
 
 437 
 
 398 
 
 364 
 
 3*9 
 
 270 
 
 495 
 
 502 
 
 *35 
 
 485 
 
 439 
 
 357 
 
 188 
 
 38° 
 
 264 
 
 3H 
 213 
 292 
 *36 
 1 *3 
 269 
 262 
 
 365 
 
 5'6 
 
 I69 
 
 475 
 
 224 
 
 St. Mary's College 
 
 St. Pierre, Henri C 
 
 Starnes, Hon. Henry . . . . 
 Stephens, George W . . . . , 
 
 Stephens, Harrison 
 
 Stevens, Paul 
 
 Stevenson, Col. A. A.... 
 
 Stewart, William 
 
 Stuart, Sir J 
 
 Sweeny, Campbell, sen.. 
 
 T. 
 
 53i 
 
 Page 
 
 3 2 9 
 
 353 
 
 484 
 
 416 
 
 422 
 
 3 2 5 
 
 462 
 448 
 1 14 
 178 
 
 Taillon, Hon. L. O 
 
 Tait, Hon. Judge 
 
 Taschereau, Hon. PI. T 
 
 Taylor, Fennings 
 
 Taylor, Thomas M 
 
 Thibaudeau, Hon.J. R 
 
 Thomas, 1\ Wolferstan 
 
 Torrance, David ..... 
 
 Torrance, Judge 
 
 Travernier, P^melie 
 
 Trudel, Dr 
 
 Trade], Hon. Anselme F. X 
 
 Turcotte, Hon. H. R. A 
 
 Tyre, James 
 
 ! 34 
 
 45 8 
 
 37 8 
 
 i8 3 
 
 403 
 
 484 
 
 3*9 
 
 343 
 
 221 
 
 49 2 
 
 159 
 
 337 
 
 2 49 
 
 502 
 
 V, 
 
 Valois, Simon 
 
 Vanasse, V. F 
 
 Van Horne, W. C 
 
 Verreau L’Abb£ 
 
 Viger, Bona venture 
 
 Viger, Plon. D. B 
 
 Viger, Jacques 
 
 Vincent, Joseph 
 
 508 
 
 3 2 3 
 
 509 
 
 13S 
 
 2 35 
 
 444 
 
 184 
 
 440 
 
 w. 
 
 Wainwright, William 
 
 Waller, Jocelyn 
 
 Wanless, Dr 
 
 Ward, Plon. J. K.... 
 
 Weir, Lieut 
 
 White, lion. Thos... 
 
 White, Richard 
 
 White, R. S 
 
 Whyte, William 
 
 Wilkes, Rev. Dr 
 
 Wilson, Andrew 
 
 Wilson Hon. Charles. 
 
 Wilson, J. C 
 
 Wilson, William 
 
 Wood, Rev. Ed 
 
 Workman, Thomas.. 
 Workman, William 
 Wurtele, Judge 
 
 400 
 
 200 
 
 242 
 
 496 
 
 520 
 
 189 
 
 357 
 
 232 
 
 336 
 
 3 2 3 
 
 367 
 
 320 
 
 361 
 
 5*7 
 
 499 
 
 170 
 
 298 
 
 449 
 
 Y, 
 
 Young, Hon. John 
 
 1 12 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -