UBRIS CxcepT l\)e Lopd Build Tbe bouse They Labour in vain tKat puiLd IT LAiupeNceLaN^e v we A N HISTORICAL journal OF THE CAMPAIGNS in NORTH-AMERICA, FOR The YEARS 1757, t 7J S, ,75,, and tj6o . CONTAINING The Mod Remarkable Oc c u r r e » c e s of that PERIOD-, PARTICULARLY The Two SIEGES of Q^U EBEC, & c . See. THE Orders of the ADMIRALS and GENERAL OFFICERS; Dele, ip, ions of the Countries where the Author has fetved, with their Fom and ’ Garnfons } their Climates, Soil, Produce; and A Regular D I A R Y of the WEATHER. AS ALSO Sever., Mah.eesto’s, a Mahdate of the ,a„ BrsHoE of CANADA; T e Frehch Orders and DtsTosmon for the Defenee of the Colony, Ac. Jrc. Jtc. b y Captain JOHN KNOX. Dedicated by PERMISSION To L.eutehant-General Sir JEFFERY AMHERST. LONDON: Printed for the AUTHOR; and sold by W. Johnston, in Ludgate-Street • .vn t ta UOATE Ol REET , AND J. DoDSLEY, IN PaLL-MaLL. } M DCC LXIX, ‘Mf/f wggrji mmzz BHB M / JAMil UOt JADI JIOT ZI H *:n USE m a - r* f " s o v I ci J5 C ** : c<5~i WtB *0?tl ■$& t *?XV’ 3 Vt l At h X' ^ 0 4 H 22 fafi V Z S o » S “ •’*'<* v O : w8 . >, a \j r-r - g a a a i>r .... .' ■• ■'.... •?.•'•' )0 2 » 105 JG Sir JEFFERY AMHERST, KNIGHT of the Honourable and Military Order of the B AT H, COLONEL of the Third and Sixtieth Regiments of INFANTRY, LIEUTENANT-GENERAL in the Army, AND Late Commander in Chief of All His Majesty’s Troops and Forces in North-America, This W O R K is Infcribed, with great Refpedt, B Y City of Gloucefler, His Much Obliged, and May io, 1769. Mod: Obedient Servant, JOHN KNOX. £*] INTRODUCTION. A CCOUNTS of tranla&ions, in which the Writer has borne any part, are generally drawn with fo evident a defign of making him “ Tie Heroe of the Talef that they have been called in the juft feverity of wit, “ The Hijlories “ of Mans Importance in his own Eyes” Alarmed at a prepofleflion fo dangerous, I have thus long fupprefled the following work, written moftly at the time > and finifhed almoft as foon as the events it contains. But upon cooler reflection, confcious innocence of a felf fufK- ciency fo juftly difgufting, and from all pretenflons to which I was precluded by my lituation, has encouraged me to lay it now before the Public. The The end propofed, at leaft profefledly, by all publica¬ tions, is InfiruElion , or Entertainment . That I have any profpe « and 46th regiments of foot, commanded refpeChvely by Lieute- “ nant-General Sinclair, Major-General Richbell, Lord Blakeney, “ Lieutenant-General Bragge, Major-General Kennedy, and Major- « General Murray, do prepare for foreign fervice, and march in « fuch divifions, and at fuch times, as are mentioned in the routs, “ which are herewith tranfmitted by exprefs to the above-men- « tioned regiments to Cork, where they are to embark on board “ fuch tranfport veffels as the Lords of the Admiralty fhall fend “ for that purpofe ; and that His Majefty having been alfo pleafed « to direft and order that the faid regiments may embark as com- “ plete as poflible, that they do recruit and raife, as far as time will « permit, in and near their prefent quarters, and on their march «< t o the faid place of embarkation, and in and near Cork and “ Kingfale, as many able-bodied men as will be fufficient to com- « plete their refpedive corps : it is therefore the Earl of Rothes’s “ orders, that His Majefty’s pleafure, as above fignified to the Lords *< Juftices, be moft punctually complied with : and it is alfo Lord “ Rothes’s orders, that the fix regiments above-mentioned, do « carry along with them to the place of embarkation, all fuch “ deferters HISTORICAL JOURNAL. deferters as have furrendered themfelves to fuch regiments re- ** fpedtively, or to any other regiments that are now in garrifon “ with them, and do fubfilt all fuch deferters as fupernumeraries ; “ and upon their fending an account to their refpedtive agents “ at Dublin, money fhall be ilfued for that purpofe; fuch of the was brought in, after a chace of near four hours; this was on the 12th inftant, and the next day we encountered a dreadful itorm, which did conliderable damage in the fleet, and difperfed them for a few days. Laft night, and this morning, the wind was exceeding high, with 22J. thick foggy weather, and a very rough fea :—the fleet once more feparated, and we loft them. About two o’clock P. M. we fpied a fail at a great diftance Handing towards us, whereupon we fliewed our Admiralty colours, and (he then hoifted a Britifh flag, and came down under our Hern to fpeak with us; the was a merchantman bound to the Weft-Indies, and had, with many others, rendevouzed at Cork for the benefit of convoy : we made reciprocal inquiries when either had feen the fleet, and which way they flood ? The tiadei infoimed us, that he thought they flood to the fouthward; that, feeing fix or feven fail in that quarter, he would follow them, and recommended the fame to us; but the Mailer of our tranfport, though an expert and experienced feaman, took a contrary mea- fuie, and fleered northward, telling us he knew we were bound to Halifax, that he had made the voyage frequently before, and was certain, by keeping that courfe, we were more likely to recover the fleet, but he proved miftaken : for, a few days after, the Command¬ ing Officer, feeing no likelihood of rejoining them, infilled on the Captain s opening his fecret inftrudlions, which he and the reft of the tranfports had received at Cork; and, thinking it proper to comply herewith, he perceived he was directed ,—“ in cafe of fepa- ration by bad weather, &c. to make the bell of his way to Halifax, in I\ova Scotia : which, at firft difeovery, he would find “ t0 be a reddifh-coloured land; and alfo to keep well to the fouth- “ ward in his courfe.” Notwithftanding thefe orders were pofi- tive, he ventured to deviate from them, and continued his courfe to the northward. The truth I believe was, our fhip was a letter Vo l. I. C of IO HISTORICAL JOURNAL. T 757* of marque , and a flout (though heavy) failor j mounted feven cairiage guns (which fhe could fight under cover) befides a great many fwivels, with plenty of ammunition; and his cabbin was well fur- niflied with fmall arms and cutlafies j he had a good number of able hands on board, and our detachment (including, however, a few women and children) amounted to about one^hundred and forty perfons: therefore I believe the true motive, under thefe flattering circumflances, of our Captain’s counteracting his orders, was the hopes he entertained of picking up a prize; and our Commanding Officer, fufpe&ing this to be the cafe, as he could not interfere in the failing of the fhip, or the bufinefs of its Mafler, gave orders for the foldiers arms to be flinted in readinefs, and a calk of am¬ munition to be laid in a handy place of fafety, where it might readily be come at, in cafe of neceflity. There happened little re¬ markable in this voyage; except chacing feveral fail in our courfe, bringing to, and clearing fhip two or three times to fight, when we thought we might expeCt refiflance ; but it fo turned out, that we neither met with enemy or prize. We faw every day great numbers of whales, grampufles, and porpufles, together with va¬ riety of fea-fowl, particularly penguins, which were numerous ; they are about the fize of young geefe, have a thick fkin covered with fhort feathers refembling down, much valued for its exquifite foftnefs and and white colour; but they are not fufficiently fledged to take flight *; our attention, however, was more agreeably at¬ tracted by feveral mountainous iflands of ice, which, at a diflance, appeared to us, like land covered with fnow ; we perceived the air ♦ In the northern parts of Europe, a penguin is larger than a fwan, and is efteemed delicious to eat: the aborigines of thofe countries convert their (kins into caps and hofe, which they ufually wear with the down or feathers outwards, except when hunting or Aiding in the winter, and then they turn them for warmth; the women alfo border their fhort petticoats and other garments, by way of ornament, with ftrips of the pen- quin’s fkin; in like manner as the females of more civilized nations do their cloaks, £sV. ■with different forts of fur. felt HISTORICAL 11 JOURNAL. felt exceedingly cool, while they were in our neighbourhood j and 1757- they were indeed remarkably curious; it happened to be fine mo- ^ UUL ' derate weather when we came up with them, fo that we were not apprehenfive of running foul of them; one in particular was with¬ in lefs than a quarter of a mile of us, and, for my own part, I thought I fhould never have been tired with viewing it; -we computed it to be near a mile in length, and it did really appear like a barren mountain or rock, with a North-American -winter's cloathing; every eye law different beauties in this immenfe heap of ice, and one of the Officers had time to draw a fketch of it with his pencil, there being little wind abroad; and the view it made on paper was extremely grotefque and pleafing. At our arrival upon the banks of Newfoundland, we fpoke with 27th. a fifhing fchooner of New England, who informed us, that he heard feveral French men of war and tranfports had arrived at Louifbourg near three weeks ago ; I remember we inquired of him what latitude we were in, for it was then, and had been for a few days, fuch foggy weather (endemial to all the North-American coafts) that we could not take an obfervation; but the poor fimple fellow knew nothing of the matter, having neither quadrant, log, nor even a compafs on board; and told us, he did not know the ufe of them, for that the fifhermen of his country never troubled their heads about any thing more than an hour-glafs and a founding lead. The weather cleared up, and we faw a large topfail veflel a-head, 2 8 t h. crouding all the fail fhe could to come up with ; us we hereupon once more cleared fhip, our men were quartered, and every thing was in readinefs for aiftion ; they endeavoured to get the wind of us, for, our foldiers having white linings to their uniforms, and and their cloaths being turned outfide in, for cleanlinefs, accord¬ ing to the cuftom of troops at fea, the Captain of the fail con¬ cluded for a certainty, that we were a French tranfport bound to Louifbourg, and, had loft convoy ; this fhip proved to be a Mafla- chufet privateer, and having taken a prize the day before, which C 2 he i2 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1757- he had fent into Halifax, and there being at this time many of his IK prifoners in our view upon deck, dreffed in bag-wigs and {harp- cocked hats, we were for fome time as ftrongly prepofleffed with a notion of his being an enemy ; and as he mounted twenty-two carriage guns, we concluded fome mifchief muft enfue, though we were one and all determined not to vifit Cape-Breton without the company of our friends who left Europe with us. As to his colouis, though he fhewed us Britifh, we paid no regard to them ; but, at length coming a little nearer, our Captain, feeming now fome- what dubious, hoifted our Admiralty jack, and went forward with his trumpet, {bill however keeping the w’ind of him, and haled him ; the other foon put us out of fufpence by favouring us with his hiftory, and accounting for the appearance of French men upon his deck; then, inquiring if we were bound to Halifax, offered us his fervice to convoy and pilot us into the harbour: which we taking kindly, invited him to dine with us, and propofed hoifting our own boat for him at dinner-time; but, the wind frefhening with a lumpy tumbling fea, we mutually agreed to poftpone the civility to another opportunity. In the afternoon we happily ef- caped running foul of the privateer, by the careleffnefs of his and our helmfmen : the American was immenfely terrified, and, in- ffead of exerting himfelf as a Britilh tar would do in the like im¬ minent danger, fell upon his knees to pray ; whereupon the Cap¬ tain of our tranfport was obliged to give directions with his trumpet for the guidance of both {hips, till at length, by exerting the greateft activity, we cleared him ; and this accident gave the New-England-man fuch a diflike to our company, that he bore away and left us. 29th. Fine weather with gentle breezes ; we came up with the pri¬ vateer again to-day, by his fhortening fail, to acquaint us what fleet that was we deferied at a great diftance on our larboard bow ; at fir ft we flattered ourfelves it might be Admiral Holborne and our friends, from whom we had been feparated the 22d ultimo; but HISTORICAL JOURNAL. but he informed us it was Sir Charles Hardy with the land forces unaer the Earl of Loudoun from New-York, and bound alio to Halifax. Fair weather and little wind; this morning we fell in with Sir Charles Hardy’s fleet, which had very fortunately efcaped fall¬ ing into the hands of a much luperior one of the enemy, that had cruifed in fearch of them for many days before, under the command of Monfieur de Beaufrement, who had very luckily fheered off to Louifbourg, in confequence of intelligence he had received from a hilling fchooner of Bofton, who had heard, and either thought it was true, or wilhed it fo,—“ that we had twenty fail of the line and a great number of land forces jufl: arrived from Europe, now lying in Chebufto harbour.”* 'Ihe fleet were doubtful whe¬ ther we belonged to them, though many of them thought they had not feen our Ihip before : however, we took no notice of them, but flipt into the harbour in the crowd, and came to an anchor off the town of Halifax, about the length of a mulket-fhot from (or as the failors fay, “ nigh enough to chuck a bifeuit on”) Ihore. This voyage we performed in feven weeks and five days, and, though we had a good deal of rough, blowing weather, with thick fogs to four our paflage, yet upon the whole we efteemed ourfelves peculiarly fortunate ; the duty of Chaplain was performed by an Officer, who read the fervice of the church every Sunday upon * 1 his brings to my remembrance an almoft fimilar cafe that happened in the reign of Queen o! Elizabeth. when Philip the Second of Spain was bent upon the deftru£lion of England by his Invincible Armada ; for an Englilh filherman, either through ignorance or defign, acquainted the enemy, that we, upon a report of the Spaniards being difabled by a {form from profecuting their defign, had called home and laid up our fleet, and difeharged our feamen ; whereupon the Dons, cfleeming this a moft fortunate circum- ftance, determined, though contrary to their inftruiStions, to burn and deftroy all our lhips m harbour: but they no fooner appeared on our coaft, than the Englifh furprifed them, and gave them a complete overthrow, burning and deftroying fome fcores of their gaat unwieldy tubs, to the unfpeakable mortification of his Catholic Majefty, and the relt of the Roman Catholic powers of Europe. deck. H * 757 * June. historical journal. deck, when the weather permitted; and was very decently attended by the greatell part of the men and women on board : one circum- ftance, however, though it may appear trifling, I cannot om1 ^ this occafion: The Matter of our fhip, who was a very o cr moral man, always attended divine fervice with great decorum, and anfwered the refponfes with much devotion; but, if unfortu¬ nately (which was fometimes the cafe) the attention of the man at the helm was diverted from his duty, and confequently the Ihip yawed in the wind, or perhaps was taken a-back, our fon of Neptune interrupted our prayers with fome of the ordinary pro¬ fane language of the common failors, which, immediately fo ow¬ ing a refponfe of the Litany, provoked fome of our people to laugh, feemingly againft their inclination; while others remained Heady and attentive to their devotions, looking upon fuch uncouth interventions, though feafonable at that time, as the mere eftedts of cuftom, and I am perfuaded they proceeded from no other ’""upon our anchoring in Chebudto harbour, our Commanding Officer went a-fliore, and waited on his Excellency the Earl of Loudoun, who, with Major-General Abercromby, expreflfed great pleafure at our arrival, with the information they received of the fleet and reinforcements we had parted with at fea; and his Lord- fhip faid. We ft aid fo long, he had almoft defpaired of us ; but, being allured our delay proceeded principally from an obllinate fet of contrary winds, that had retarded us in Ireland above two months after our arrival at the port of embarkation, his Lordlhip feemed nleafed.* * As the fate of the expedition to Louifbourg, this campaign, depended in a great meafure on the fpeedy failing and junaion of the fleet and forces from Europe with thofe of the Earl of Loudoun, it was for this reafon I judged it necefiary to commence this work with the firft orders to the troops in Ireland to march and embark for foreign fervice: and it will thereby appear, that the earliefl meafures were taken at home to forward this enterprizc, which without doubt would have fucceedcd, if the armament could have failed when firft intended. r\ This HISTORICAL JOURNAL. IS This day the troops from New-York difembarked and incamped 1757. on a rough, barren, and rocky piece of ground, on the W. N. W. {ft. y fide of a fteep hill of a confiderable height, which covers the town of Halifax on that quarter; this new fettlement is on a declivity, on the oppofite fide, hanging like feats in a theatre, down to the water’s edge ; which view of the town from the river, with an incampment of the grenadiers from the 40th, 45th, and 47th regiments, formed on the hill clofe by the citadel above the town, together with the neighbouring verdant woods on every fide, and fome few buildings on George’s ifland, (which is com- modioufly fituated for defence as well as ornament) affords one of the mofl delightful profpedts that can poflibly be conceived. The troops in camp confifl: of the 22d, 42d, 44th, 48th, 2d and 4th battalions of the 60th, or Royal Americans; their eftablifh- ment is one thoufand men each, with three fubaltern Officers, and four Serjeants per company. Mr. Goram is ordered to Louifbourg to reconnoitre the fleet and forces of the enemy. I was lent afhore in the afternoon, to mark out ground for our detachment to incamp on. This day the detachment of the 43 d regiment difembarked, and 2d. incamped on the left of the ground occupied by the troops from New-York. Between this day and the ninth, our fleet arrived in different fqua- 3d. drons, being feparated off the land by fogs, and blowing weather; we have an account of the fudden death of the Colonel of the 55th regiment, in his voyage, on board the Grafton fhip of war. This day Admiral Holborne and Commodore Holmes arrived in 10th. the river, and were faluted by Sir Charles Hardy in the Notting¬ ham, and by the batteries from fhore; the Newark and Grafton returned the falute. As fall as tranfports came in, the troops dif¬ embarked and incamped with the other fix regiments, without any regard to feniority, except that the Royal took the right of the whole; the train incamped on the eminence in the front and cen- ter i6 historical journal. 1757 -' ter of the line. His Majefty’s ffiip Windfor, and Granada bomb- July * ketch, are juft arrived from England; they brought in two prizes with them, loaded with ftores and provifions for Louiffiourg and -Quebec garrifons. Hitherto we had great variety of weather, with hidden tranfitions from heat to cold, high winds and heavy rains, with thunder and lightning, and almoft perpetual fogs. e troops are employed in clearing and levelling their camp, which to fome of the regiments is a work of much difficulty, for the rude- nefs of the ground, by reafon of fwamps and immenfe rocks, is be- yond conception. # nth. This day the Commander in Chief reviewed a battalion of the Royal Americans: in the firings, a ball was difcharged from the center, which wounded one of his Lordfhip’s orderly Serjeants in the arm, but, upon the ftritfteft fcrutiny, it appeared to be an acci¬ dent j it is however remarkable, that an affair of the fame kind happened before, though not in this camp, as his Excellency was reviewing another battalion of this corps, by which a Lieutenant was killed, who ftood very near to his Lordffiip. The feveral corps of Officers pay their compliments, alternately, to the Commander in Chief. h We have had moft violent rains, with thunder and lightning, and which renders our camp very uncomfortable. A body of rangers, I3th ’ under the command of Captain Rogers, who arrived with the other troops from the fouthward, march out every day to fcour the country; thefe light troops have, at prefent, no particular uniform, only they wear their cloaths ftiort, and are armed with a firelock, tomahock, or fmall hatchet, and a fcalping knife; a bullock’s horn full of powder hangs under their right arm, by a belt from the left Ihoulder; and a leathern, or feal’s fkin bag, buckled round their waift, which hangs down before, contains bullets, and a fmaller lhot, of the fize of full-grown peas: fix or feven of which, with a ball, they generally load j and their Officers ufually carry a fmall compafs. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. compafs fixed in the bottoms of their powder-horns, by which to diredl them, when they happen to lofe themfelves in the woods. The Officers of the 43d regiment were this day prefented to the Commander in Chief, and were politely received. Detachments from the army employed to-day in making fafcines and gabions. The troops were muttered yefterday and to-day j and the regi¬ ments take all opportunities for exercife. Some intrenchments are erecting on the left of* the camp, in order to difcipline and inftrudt the troops, in the methods of attack and defence; and this is to be continued during our Stay here : cold weather for the feafon, very windy with thick fogs. The 17th and 43d regiments were reviewed to-day by the Earl of Loudoun; their regularity and good performance gave greatfatif- fadtion to his Lordffiip and the other general Officers. A general court-martial was held this day, and condemned two men to death for defertion. The weather has been exceedingly hot to-day, and many Officers, who have been at Gibraltar and Minorca, fay it exceeds the heat of thofe climates; but of this we cannot complain every day. The two men, fentenced yefterday, were executed this forenoon, and both died very penitent, acknowledging the juftice of their punish¬ ment. One of our twenty gun Ships, who was reconnoitring the harbour of LouiSbourg, brought in a prize to-day after a flout re¬ sistance on the part of the enemy j She is a Sloop of fixteen guns, bound from Quebec to LouiSbourg, where She was to have left her lading of ammunition and provisions, and then to have returned to Europe; by this prize information is received, that the enemy have divided their fleet between Cape-Breton and the capital of Canada, being apprehenfive that our menaces againSt the former are only a fineSTe to cover our real intentions of proceeding up the river St. Lawrence to attack Quebec. Part of the troops are now employed (the lines on the left of our camp being completed) in clearing ground for and incloling a Vol. I. D large 14th. 16th. 17 th. 18th. 19th. 20th. 22(J. i8 » 757 * J«iy- 23J. HISTORICAL journal. large garden, which is immediately to be cultivated, to fupply the lick and wounded of the army with vegetables during the fiege of Louilbourg, it being intended that the general hofpital lhall be eftablifhed here. As the fleet is now formed in the order in which it is to fail, and this difpofition bearing date this day, I have thought it not im¬ proper to infert it in this place. LINE of BATTLE. The Kingfton to lead with the ftarboard tack, and the Defiance to lead with the larboard tack. Fngates . Rates Ships. Guns Men Commanders. Divifions. to repeat fjgnals, 1* 2 G 9 . B 4 3 3 3 4 Kingfton Captain Invincible Naflau Sutherland 60 6+ 74 64 5 ° 400 480 700 480 35 ° Capt. Parry Capt. Amherft C Sir Charles Hardy ( Capt. Bentley Capt. Sawyer Capt. Falkingham. Sir Charles Hardy, Knt. Rear-Admiral of the Blue. Total Ships five - 312 2410 Portmahone 4 3 3 3 4 4 Tilbury Northumberland Newark Orford Sunderland Centurion 60 68 80 68 60 54 400 520 620 620 400 35 ° Capt. Barnfley Capt. Lord Colville C Fran. Holborne, Efq; \ Capt. Holborne Capt. Spry Capt. M‘Kenzic Capt. Mantell. Francis Holborne, Efq; Vice-Admiral of the Blue. Total Ships fix - 390 291© Ferret 4 3 3 3 4 Nottingham Bedford Grafton Terrible Defiance 60 6+ 68 60 400 480 535 600 420 Capt. Marflial Capt. Fowke ( Charles Holmes, Efq; ( Capt. Cornwal Capt. Collins Capt. Baird. Charles Holmes, Efq; Commodore. Total Ships five - 326 2435 The frigates and Hoops, not fet down in the line,, are to lie off with, the tranfports. Dated on board his Majefty’s fhip Newark, at Halifax, the 23d of July, 1757. Francis Holborne. Convoy HISTORICAL JOURNAL; i 9 Convoy for the tranfports which are to carry the troops to Cape- Breton, under the command of Captain Roufe. t 7 ? 7? July. Furnace. Vulture. • H G G bJO O <*> 3 O 55 c* O CTJ <2 .5 ol 4-» CL, & JZ fa G • oH cd u £ dNSPO WITH THE LAND FORCES. Hawke. Succefs. W to G G to o N g 2 bJO G G G co bJO u The Baltimore and Jamaica floops to follow, and aflift, with the 23d. above fix, to cover the landing of the troops. Ships ftationed at Halifax as unfit for fervice, viz. L’arc en Ciel, Windfor, Nightingale, Lightning, Speedwell, Granada, Gibraltar’s Prize j and the Hariot packet for difpatch or intelligence. Francis Holborne. D 2 This 20 historical journal. 1757 . This day one hundred days baggage and forage money was ifiued 0U { t 0 the troops which came laft from Europe, at the rate of fix pounds five {hillings fterling to each fubaltern and Raff Officer, and feventeen pounds ten {hillings to Captains and field Officers. 24th. This morning the picquets of the line, with a working party from the army, marched to the left of the camp, where the in- trenchments were thrown up; they were formed into diftinft bo¬ dies ; one half carried on approaches, while the other defended j frequently fallying out to obftrutt the workmen, when the cover¬ ing parties attacked, repulfed, and purfued them, making many prtfoners: which afforded much mirth to a numerous crowd of fpeftators. This is in order to make the troops acquainted with the nature of the fervice they are going upon; alfo to render the fmell of powder more familiar to the young foldiers; and is to be 25th. continued till farther orders; one man was {lightly wounded in the thigh at the trenches, but, upon inquiry, it appeared to be ac¬ cidental : there are frequent Councils of War held at the head¬ quarters. -29th. Four failors, who had walked a little way into the country, were attacked by a party of the enemy, fufpe&ed to be Indians j two of them were found dead and fcalped, and the other tw'o are miffing; this is fuppofed to be a final! Routing party, fent here in order to take a prifoner for intelligence j in confequence of this ac¬ cident an Officer’s guard from the line was ordered to mount at Point Pleafant, near that place. Advice is received by a tender, that three {hips of war were off the land, coming to reinforce our fleet j that they took a large rich prize laden with money, arms, and other prefents to the Indians in alliance with the enemy; that fhe came from Rochelle, and was bound to Quebec. Weather variable, fometimes vaftly hot and clear over-head ; at others, cold with fogs and high wind; and the changes from one extreme to the other are very fudden. The troops continue every morning, for feveral hours, their counterfeit attacks on the trenches, and are i greatly 3d brigade i ft brigade HISTORICAL JOURNAL. greatly pleafed with this kind of exercife, as every incident is fhewn to us by the Generals and Engineers, that can almoft occur upon a&ual fervice ; the army are in great fpirits, and feem zea- loufly impatient to realife and change the feene to Louifbourg. Great quantities of fafeines, hurdles, and gabions are daily making, and drawn to the wharfs in the town, in order to be put on board proper fhips, by the iliilors of the fleet. This day the trenches were flormed by the piquets; fome field- pieces were brought there for this purpofe, and every thing was conduced with the greatefl regularity. The artillery, flores, and other heavy baggage of the army (ex¬ cept their cloathing and camp equipage) were embarked this day, and the troops have received orders to hold themfelves in readinefs to march, on the fliorteft notice. Captain Roufe, who was lately detached with a few light flaps to look into the harbour of Lou¬ ifbourg, and to reconnoitre the different, moll acceflible bays and landing-places in its neighbourhood, is returned ; but the refult of his obfervations has not tranfpired. The army was this day formed into the following brigades. Royal 44th 5 S' h 28th Major-General t J detac Lord Charles Hay. ^ J 40th The detachment of the Royal Artillery, confifling of about 370 men. Officers included, is commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel William fon. AU the troops embarked this day by brigades, at the different wharfs appointed for them; a boat full of foldiers of the 43d re¬ giment overfet; the men were happily all faved; but a few arms and 22 * 757 - Auguit. 3 ^ 4th. historical journal. and fome ammunition were loft. The tranfports at this embar¬ kation are much more crowded than they were at leaving Europe, on account of fome veffels being difcharged, and others employed in carrying fafcines, gabions, flat-boats, with other ftores, for the ex¬ pedition. The ftateof the regiments as they embarked, wz. Roy a , 7 oo rank and file only, having been very fickly j the other fix regi¬ ments, who came laft from Europe, at 668 each 3 and the ix re¬ giments from New-York, at 980 each j which, together with the detachment of 700 from the 40th, 45th, and 47* regiments, amount (exclufive of the artillery-men, marines, and 500 rangers) to 11288 effectives: hence it appears, that, fince this army laft embarked at their refpeCtive ports, if they were then aftually complete, have have fuffered by ficknefs, &c. and perhaps a few by deaths, to the amount of 612 men. Orders are iffued to the Mafters of tranfports to be particularly careful of their wood and water, and, according as either is con- fumed, to have it replaced from fhore, while we remain in the harbour. If the Commander in Chief fliould have occafion to fpeak with the following Generals and Officers when at fea, the fignals here¬ after mentioned will be made for them, viz. SIGNALS. Major-General Abercromby — Major-General Hopfon — — — Major-General Lord Charles Hay — Major of the firfl: brigade — — -fecond ditto •— —• --third ditto — —' Quarter-Mafter General — — Adjutant of the firfl; brigade — — __fecond ditto — — ____third ditto — — — For all Adjutants — — — — Commander of the train — — COMMON PENDANTS. At the main topmaft head. Fore topmaft head. Mizcn topmaft head. Starboard main topfail yard-arm. Larboard ditto. Starboard fore topfail yard-arm. Larboard ditto. Starboard mizen topfail yard-arm. Larboard ditto. Starboard main yard-arm. Larboard ditto. Blue pendant, mizen peeke. The HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 2> The Admiral with the fleet are to proceed to Louifbourg, and 1757. endeavour to decoy that of the enemy out of their harbour; the AugufK tranfports, with their convoy of frigates, are to remain here, and wait the event. A large French fchooner is brought in, which was taken by the 5 .thw Gofport man of war off the Banks of Newfoundland; fhe was bound from Cape-Breton to France, and her bufinefs was to carry intelligence; when fhe ftruck, (he pretended to throw a packet overboard; but, upon fearching her, a fmall bag was found in an unfufpefted place, under a parcel of dry fifh, which contained let¬ ters to the French Miniftry, “ acquainting them with the arrival “ of their fleet at Louifbourg, confifting of twenty-two fhips of “ the line, befides frigates; and that, excluflve of a garrifon of 3000 men, they have an army of 4000, intrenched up to their necks, with twenty-five pieces of cannon (of different dimen- fions) and three mortars, in order to oppofe our defcent; that theii fleet and army are in great fpirits, and provided with every “ thing neceflary for a good defence/' The intelligence, obtained by the French fchoonet, has obliged 6 th, us to alter our meafures; the expedition is laid afide, and all farther defign of adling offenfively to the eaftward, for this campaign, is given up. Some malevolent fpirits have ®ontumacioufly endeavoured to pro¬ pagate a general difcontent, by infinuating that the foregoing in¬ telligence is the refult of a refined piece of policy in the French ; and have taken upon them to alledge, that it was not intended the prize fchooner fhould proceed farther than the latitude wherein fhe was taken by the Gofport; but the army in general, as well as all fenfible people here, entertain too juft an opinion of the Com¬ mander in Chief, to give the leaft credit to fuch infamoufly abfurd aflertions; being allured his Lordfhip is not to be diverted from an enterprize of fuch confequence, by any finefle the enemy are capable of. The 24 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1757- The Royal and 28 th regiments are ordered to difembark and re- Auguft * turn to camp; the fafcines, hurdles, gabions, &c. are like wife landed upon George’s ifland, having no occafion for them at pre- fent. The 27th, 43d, and 46th regiments, are ordered to hold themfelves in readinefs to fail at a moment’s warning, upon an ex¬ pedition up the river St. John, in the bay of Fundy, under the command of Governor Lawrence; after which thefe corps are to be fent to garrifon the forts of Annapolis Royal, fort Cumberland (called by the French Beau Sejour) and fort Edward (formerly Pifaquid) all in this province: which, with the troops at Halifax, are to remain under the command of Major-General Hopfon : the reft of the army are to proceed with the Earl of Loudoun to the fouthward, and the fleet are to fail and cruife off Louifbourg. 7th. It being now univerfally known at Halifax, that the expedition againft Cape-Breton is laid afide for this feafon, the Clerk of the church, to evince his fentiments upon the fituation of affairs, gave out this day, and fung, the ift, 2d, 9^h> 10th, 11th, 13th, and 26th verfes of the xlivth pfalm of the new verfion. A Jew Mer¬ chant and another man were this morning committed to jail, by the Governor, for circulating a falfe report of there being only five ftiips of war and three frigates at Louifbourg; but the Earl of Lou¬ doun, being fuperior to fuch mean refentments, ordered them to be releafed in the evening. The troops on board received orders this day to be ready to fail at a moment’s warning, together with their convoys, for their re- fpedtive deftinations. 8 th. “ By Paul Henry Ourry, Efq; Commander of his Majefty’s fhip “ Succefs, purfuant to an order from Francis Holborne, Efq; “ Vice-Admiral of the Blue, &c. &c. “ You are hereby required and directed to keep the tranfport, ** whereof you are Mafter, in conftant readinefs to fail, in company “ with me, for the bay of Fundy : and, as it is of the utmoft confe- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 25 <« quence to his Majefty’s fervice, your not lofxng company from r 757 - « me, you are to be very obfervant of all my fignals, and to keep “ yourfelf in the ftation which (hall be prefcribed to you by my “ fignals ; and, when you are entered into the bay of Fundy, you « are to keep your ground tackle in conftant readinefs, as there will “ be frequent occafion forour anchoring *; and, as the tides in that “ bay run very ftrong, you are to keep at proper diftances, fo as not “ to endanger his Majefty’s tranfports from running foul of one “ another, for which this (hall be your order. Dated on board, &c. “ P. II. O. To Mr. John Moore, Mailer of the Richard and Mary Tranfport. “ SIGNALS for the undermentioned tranfports bound up the bay of Fundy. At what place Red White ! Blue Yellow Main topmaft head Fore topmaft head Mizen topmaft head Starboard main ? topfail yard-arm ) Larboard ditto Vulture John and Samuel Ward Halifax Anna Amity Neptune Hopewell U 1 yfles True Briton Berry Richard and Mary Heron Briftol Alderney Rawleigh Brotherhood Mary “ When I would fpeak with the Mailer of any of his Majefly’s “ tranfports abovementioned, I will put a broad pendant, as againll “ that fhip’s name. On board the Succefs, &c. &c. “ P. H. O.” * I have been tip and down this bay at various times and feafons, in very rough wea¬ ther, and always with a convoy ; there does not feem to be the leaft occafion for anchor¬ ing to avoid danger: and I concur in opinion with many experienced feamen, as well as w’ith the Matters of the feveral tranfports employed there from time to time, that there cannot be a finer bay, or a fafer navigation any where. The currents (it is true) run be¬ tween feven and eight knots, but there is not any thing to be apprehended ; pilots repre- fent more dangers in the different rivers, bays, and harbours of this country, than there are in reality. VOL. I. E Appendix 2,6 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. * 757 - Auguih “ Appendix to the foregoing Orders. ** If I Ihould have any particular fhip, or tranfport, come near enough to take orders, without hoifting a boat out, I will hoift “ a red flag at the flag-ftaff, at the mizen topmaft head, with the “ Mailer’s flgnal, and fire a gun. For a particular Ihip to tack, ** if Hie is a-head of me, a red flag at the foretop gallant mall head, “ with the Mailer’s fignal, and fire a gun. If a-liern of me, a red “ flag at the mizen topmall head, with ditto (as before). If I would have any Ihip to bear down, I will hoift a blue flag at the “ mizen peek, with the Mailer’s ditto, &c. If any Ihip fees a “ llrange fail, he will hoift his enfign at the mizen peek. If they “ fee land, * he is to hoift his enfign on the enfign’s Half, and keep “ it flying, until I anfwer by hoifting mine. As to all other f< fignals, I refer you to thofe you have already received from Ad-> “ miral Holborne. ** P. H. Ourry.” Having feen a lift of the fleet which the enemy have at this time in the harbour of Louilbourg, 1 think it not improper to prefent my readers with it here, and I believe it to be very authentic; it is com¬ manded by Monlieur Bois de la Mothe and Monfieur Beaufrement, Vice and Rear Admirals, with a (Chef D’Efcadre, or) Commodore. Ships Names. Guns. Ships Names, Guns. Le Tonnant Le Formidable Le Due de Bourgogne Le Defenfeur One of the Toulon fquadron La Diademe Le Heros La Superbe Another of the Toulon fqu. Le Dauphin Royal L’Eveille 80 80 80 74 74 74 74 74 74 7 ° 64 Si 8 L’Inflexible La Celebre Le Belier La Bizarre L’Achilles Le Sage La Brune Le Bien Acquife La Comette Le Fleur de Lys L’Emoine 64 64 64 64 64 64 OO O 34 c§‘ 3 °S 3 ° “ 34 Ships 17. Frig. 5, Tot. 22. Tot. 1360 * If it is clear weather, you never lofe fight of land between Chebufto harbour and die entrance of the bay of Fundy; and then you have it large on each fide of you. Befide$, b 2 7 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Befides the troops that were in Loufbourg before the jun&ion of 1757. the fleet, four more regiments arrived with it, viz. Berry, D’Artois, Auguft ‘ Bourgoz, and Maille (a French battalion generally confifts of 500 rank and file, but, how many battalions are comprifed in thofe regi¬ ments, I cannot fay.) It is to be obferved, that the troops in North America are daily fupplied with fhip provifions (independent of their pay) from his Majefty’s ftores, according to the Earl of Loudoun’s regulation, which bears date at Albany the 21ft of September, 1756, and was this day made known to the army in public orders. A Colonel —- Lieutenant Colonel Major — Captain — Lieutenant — Enfign — Chaplain — Adjutant — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 4 4 3 2 2 2 J •Xe(J Ud$ SUOIJE-JJ* Quarter Matter — Surgeon —. — Mate — — Serjeant — — Corporal —. — Private — — Drummer — — 2 ' 2 I I I I ij jRations per Day. Chief Engineer — 5 ] Matter Apothecary — 31 Engineer in ordinary" t 3 & Ditto’s Mate — I ranking as Captain r-t o' 10 Matron — — I H- •. O Other Engineers as J CommifTary of Stores — 7 O C/J Subalterns r * Clerk of ditto — 0 Director of the Iiofpital 5 a Ditto Overfeer — I Clerk of ditto _ 1 O Extra Clerks — I Mafler Surgeon Surgeon’s Mate — 3 1 J Artificers — — 1^ The artillery are to be ferved with provifions, in the fame manner as the reft of the army, the Commanding Officers, as Majors; and to draw four rations per day. A Lieutenant Colonel or Major com¬ manding a battalion may draw fix: rations each : no Officers are to- * A ration is a certain proportion of provifions or forage : a (oldier’s allowance per week is feven pounds of beef, or, in lieu thereof, four pounds of pork, which is thoughc to be an equivalent; feven pounds of bifeuit bread, or the fame weight of flour; fix ounces of butter, three pints of pcafe, half a pound of rice ; and this is called feven rations. - E 2 r.ceivc 28 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. »757- receive money for their provifions j what he does not take in kind* % Uiguft. re g U j ar times of iifuing, to be a faving to the Government. 9th. With regard to the currency of money, the dollars (fays the Earl of Loudoun in this day’s orders) together with all the other deno¬ minations of that fpecies, are to be iflued out to fubfift the troops, as they are remitted by the Government j that is to fay, the dollar at 4s. 8d. and the red in proportion. Throughout this province the dollar pafles for five Ihillings, which is called the currency of Nova Scotia. roth. This evening the Commander in Chief embarked on board the Winchelfea man of war, and propofes failing for New-York, with the firft fair wind. isth. The regiments that are ordered for the bay of Fundy are to be quartered in the following manner; after the expedition up St. John’s river, the 27th is to proceed to Bofton ; fix companies of the 43d are to garrifon Annapolis ; the other four will fail back to Halifax, and march diredly to fort Edward, diftant from thence about twelve leagues j and the 46th regiment is to occupy fort Cumberland : the weather changeable, and in general wet. 12th. Our men take great quantities of filh over the fhips fides; they are chiefly mackarel and polluc: our tranfports are now much crowded, and, there not being fuflicient births, or accommodations* for the number of men on board, we are obliged to have recourfe to the following expedient : “ A man from each birth mounts guard every day on the main deck, with a Serjeant and Corporal; and they remain above, for the better convenience of the reft below, until they are relieved; there are feveral fentinels polled both fore and aft, who have orders given them with refpedt to fire and. candle ■> alfo with regard to boats going from, or coming to the Ihip, to prevent fpirituous liquors being brought on board, and likewife the fmoking of tobacco.” This guard is fuperintended by an Officer, who is obliged, as the troops are ferved with an allowance of rum inftead of beer* to fee the fame ilfued out every day* HISTORICAL JOURNAL. day, and mixed with water ; each foldier’s daily proportion is a jill of this fpirit, with three of water: wet fultry weather, with thick fogs. A detachment of one Subaltern, one Serjeant, Corporal, Drum¬ mer, and thirty men of the 43d regiment, difembarked this morn¬ ing, and marched to fort Edward to relieve the like detachment from the troops of this province. This morning a foldier fell over-board from our (hip, and nar¬ rowly efcaped being drowned.. In confequence of a fignal from the Succefs, our fquadron unmoored, fell down below George’s ifland, and came to an anchor in fifteen fathom water j the Mafters of tranfports, bound to the bay of Fundy, are ordered to provide themfelves with pilots immediately : it was intended we (hould fail this day, but, the weather and wind being both unfavorable, we are detained.-The prices we paid for the following articles of provifions were, beef and mutton fix-pence per pound ; veal from one (hilling to one (hilling and fix-pence ; frelh butter (fcarce and very indifferent) fixteen-pence ; milk four-pence per quart; a loaf of good foft bread (about three pounds and an half) one (hil¬ ling ; molt kinds of fi(h, and particularly lobfters, * in great plenty ; but the demand fcr them was fuch as rendered them much dearer than might be expected. The town of Halifax is large : the (Ireets (which are not paved) are tolerably regular, and of a good breadth ; but their houfes, upon a nearer view, are mean, and do not difplay any great knowledge of architecture, much lefs of tafle, in thofe who ereCled them ; which in general, together with a capacious church are of wood, and covered with the fame T 757 * Auguft. 14th. * Their (hells are fofter than in Europe, and, when boiled, turn to a greenifli colour,, inftead o£ red ; they are neither fo firm, or well-flavoured, as thofe that are taken on the Britifli coafts. f This edifice is remarkable for two particularities: in the firft place, it is the only Englilh church, chapel, or houfe, dedicated to Divine worfhip throughout tin's whole province; and, in the next, it differs in fituation from churches in general, (landing due- North and South. materials.. 3° HISTORICAL JOURNAL. * 757 * materials. Great allowances mull neverthelefs be made for a fet- Auguit. tlement frill in its infancy, and the inhabitants, together with the troops, have had incredible difficulties to flruggle with : one cir- cumftance however is to be regretted, namely, that the fettlers who are of different countries (as well as religions) have no great inducements to continue here, the country about it being entirely rude, and not worth cultivating: confequently as their chief pro- fpedts of gain, and dependence for fupport, are by the fale of flops, haberdafhery wares, and liquors to the navy and army (which is a precarious trade) the inhabitants can at belt be only reputed fo- journers; for, as their profits upon thefe feveral articles are im- menfe, fo it is natural to fuppofe they will remove to fome lefs inhofpitable climate, where they may enjoy their wealth more to their fatisfadtion, or lay it out to good advantage in land and agriculture. Their batteries, citadel, and other fortifications are of timber, thefe being thought fufficient tp protedt them againft an Indian enemy ; but the channel of the river is well defended by a refpedtable battery on the eaftern fhore, and by feveral others upon George’s ifland ; there is alfo a poll at the head of this river, where there is a fmall picketed fort, called Fort Sackville, occu¬ pied by a party of regulars ; this is about twelve miles from Ha¬ lifax. They have here great variety of excellent fifli, the ftaple commodity of this country and its dependent ifiands: as for the other neceffaries and conveniencies of life, they muff be indebted for them to New-England, the other provinces to the fouthvvard, and to the mother-country; but I muft not omit that Chebudto or Halifax harbour is one of the finefl in the whole world, for depth of water, good anchorage and fafety : they have a royal dock here, with all the conveniencies for the largeft firff-rate fiiip to heave down and careen ; moreover, it very rarely happens, that this harbour is frozen up in the winter j for which feveral reafons it is the rendezvous of all his Majefty’s (hips in America, and is frequently 3 1 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. frequently reforted to by others from the Weft-Indies, whenever they have occafion to undergo any repairs. At fix o’clock this morning, fine weather though very fharp, a fignal was made to unmoor, and the whole fleet and convoy failed foon after j about ten, w'e met an exprefs floop from Bofton, with difpatches to the Earl of Loudoun, importing, that the enemy had laid dole fiege to fort William-Henry ; whereupon a fignal was made, and the fleet came near and lay to. A council of war was held on board the Winchelfea, in confequence whereof two of the regiments that had been deftined to fail with us up the bay, viz. the 27th and 46th, were ordered to proceed with his Excellency to New-York, and an exprefs was fent back to General Hopfon at Halifax, to embark the 28th regiment, and fend them immedi¬ ately after us. There being a detachment of the former of thefe corps ftationed on board the Succefs to ferve as marines, which cor.fifted of a Lieutenant, two Serjeants, one Drummer, and fixty rank and file, the fame was inftantly ordered to be relieved by the like command from the 43d regiment, and this unpleafant fervice fell to my lot; the removal from one Ihip to another in a trifling cock-boat, the wind blowing frefli with a fliort tumbling fea, rendered it very difagreeable, and more fo ftill, as I had no* time to take fome live dock, good liquor, or fweet water, with me, \\uic we had on board our tranfport in plenty, and they were wanted on board the Succefs : this circumftance I had much caufe to regret during the remainder of our voyage. About five o’clock, every thing being now fettled purfuant to this change in affairs, the feveral Iquadrons made fail, Lord Loudoun’s to the fouthward for New-York; Admiral Holborne’s to the eaftward for Louif- bourg; and Captain Ourry’s for the bay of Fundy. Fine weather with gentle breezes: the expedition up St. John’s ai afide for this year, and, it being apprehended that the enemy may attempt this autumn to ftrike * coup in this province, an try to recover fort Cumberland, we are to proceed thither without 1 757 * Auguft. 16th. 17th. 3 2 * 757 - Augulr. i8ih. 19th. 20th. 4 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. without delay. Mr. Ourry being defirous to fee my detachment ex- erciie in the marine way, which is nothing more than, after firing over the ftiip’s fide, to fall down upon one knee, fo as to be under cover, and load again j we performed thefe firings repeatedly for an hour : the men were formed into three divifions, two upon the quarter-deck, and one upon the forecaftle, facing the ftarboard fide of the (hip, and then fired, right, left, and center ; afterwards feveral vollies were difcharged, and the men acquired great ap- plaule from Governor Lawrence and our Vice-Commodore. Fine weather: our fquadron all in fight, with a full view of the ifland of La Have, at the diftance of five leagues North and by Weft; turned out a wet night. Moderate, though hazy, weather: fpoke this morning with a fchooner from Connecticut (New England) but received no intelli¬ gence this night came on a very thick fog. Thick foggy weather, with light airs: to avoid running foul of the land, it was thought proper to found ; got twenty fathom water, the bottom a white and red gravel ; at eleven o’clock the weather cleared up ; found ourfelves on Port Mouton fifhing-bank, met with feveral fchooners who were filhing there, and exchanged three men with them : we lay to on this bank, there being little wind, and caught fome cod and polluc : got a fight of Lord Loudoun’s fquadron, at the diftance of about three leagues, bearing away South and by Weft of us j difcovered Hopeful and Port Mouton iflands, the former Weft and by North of our courfe, the latter North half Weft, each at the diftance of a league and an half: fpoke with a floop from New-York, bound to Halifax with ftores and provifions, and a bag of letters for the Earl of Loudoun : by him we are informed, that the inhabitants of the province where he came from are under the greateft apprehenfions, left Monfieur Mont¬ calm ftiould pay them a vifit; by his accounts, the French army at fort William-Henry amount to almoft 15000 men j that the provinces had levied an army of 22000 to ftop their progrefs, fome contributing HISTORICAL JOURNAL. contributing a fourth, and others a fixth man > I obferved that Go¬ vernor Lawrence paid little regard to any of this intelligence, ei¬ ther refpedting the enemy, which he thought extravagant; or the new levies, which he feemed to have no great opinion of, for immediate fervice. At night hazy weather, and blew fre(h. Dark foggy weather with fre(h gales: founded in forty-five fa¬ thom water, a rocky bottom ; the pilot calls this ground Portabere filhing-bank, fays it is the fined in this country, and that he would engage with five or fix lines to take a thoufand cod in the fpace of one hour: founded again at three o’clock, forty-five fa¬ thom, a rocky bottom with fome (hells: the fogs inconceivably thick on this coaft : founded at midnight in ninety fathom water, the bottom muddy. Fine clear weather, the air lharp : at feven o’clock Cape Negro bore North-Eaft between fix and feven leagues. This forenoon, by way of exercifing the feamen, the (hip was cleared for fighting; the gunners and artificers, with the marines, were ftationed at their relpedtive quarters; the guns were all run out and in, as if really engaged, and I had an opportunity of feeing a (ham fea-fight, which was well performed, and very entertaining. At one o’clock we fpoke with a (loop bound to Bofton from Halifax, which port (he left the 20th inftant ; this is a proof of the perverfenefs of our wind and weather, though allowances muft be made for a (hip’s failing in convoy, as (he cannot make that difpatch which a (ingle veflel may do. We have at length doubled Cape Sable, and en¬ tered the bay of Fundy; the cape bears E. S. E. at the diftance of nine leagues : we likewife doubled Cape Afious (perhaps for de foil or a foil ; thefe are names I learn from our pilot) alio Green and Seal iflands; the former at about five leagues W. N. W. the others which are numerous on our (larboard fide, at two leagues difiance, and lie about E. and E. S. E. of our courfe. This cape (Sable) joins to the main land, and thofe ifiands, which lie contiguous to it, were all inhabited by Neutral French, as they were called, and • Vol. I. F produced 34 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Aujuil- P roc ^ uce ^ g reat plenty of excellent poultry, vegetables in the greatefl perfection, and as fine hay as any in New England. Fell little wind towards evening, and weather hazy : we have taken an incredible number of cod and black polluc this afternoon : founded at feven o’clock in twenty-eight fathom water, the bottom brown fand and fhells. ■23d. Early this morning the weather hazy with much rain and fqually, which died away towards noon ; faw Long Ifland at the diftance of three leagues at S. E. About four o’clock the wind fair with moderate breezes, founded in forty-five fathom water, a muddy bottom; at five founded again in eighteen fathom, and hard ground;—moft happily efcaped running a-fhore in the fog; the land lay E.N. E. and W. S. W. put about fhip, and fired eight guns, as a fignal for the convoy to lie to, in order to prevent their running on the land, which was within lefs than half a mile of us j at a quarter part fix the fog began to difperfe, and we difeo- vered an opening, but, being flill hazy weather along fhore, we could not be certain whether it w’as the entrance of Annapolis river (commonly called, and beft known by this vulgar epithet, the Gut of Annapolis-) or Gulliver’s Hole; it bore S. E. of us : while the weather cleared, we difeovered our convoy far a-head of us, but right in their courfe : at night the fog increafed with a fmall rain. 24th. Fair weather with moderate breezes: at eight o’clock got a view of the High Ifland (called by the French La Haute Ifle, and cor¬ ruptly by Englifh pilots the Ifland of Holt) it is a very high land, and, with its foggy cap, made a pleafing and refpeCtable appear¬ ance : here the bay is about eight leagues over, and the land high on each fide ; in our courfe we kept the ifland aboard, at the dif¬ tance of two miles, S. E. Cape Dore, or d’Or) lies to the eaflward of Haute Ifle; Cape Checne&o, N. E. of our courfe, and to the northward of Dore: on which laft are the Copper Mines,, from whence the Cape bears its name, or more properly from a fup- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 35 a fuppolition, upon their firft difcovery, that they would produce ^757^ At nine o’clock cape Checneflo bore S. E. fomewhat lefs than a league’s diftance; here the bay is better than four leagues over. At eleven we kept Apple River a-board, at the diftance of a mile E. and by S. of our courfe, the bay then about three leagues over; the current here runs between five and fix knots. At noon we fpoke. with the York floop of this province, Silvefter Cobb, Mafter, from fort Cumberland, and bound to fort Edward (or Pifaquid) the Captain was taken on board the Succefs, and his floop ordered back to the fort to apprize the Commanding Officer of the Go¬ vernor’s arrival. About one o’clock we. made Chepordie Hill, faid to be the higheft land in Nova Scotia; it bore N. E. and by N. at the diftance of feven leagues; cape Orage, likewife in view, ftood North, and here the bay is about feven miles over. At four o’clock cape Melenquin, on the North fhore, lies N. W. and by N. of our courfe, a pleafant profpeft every-where : here the bay is not above three miles over, and the banks on each fide are of the fineft ver¬ dant green. About an hundred and fixty yards from each fhore are delightful woods, feemingly as if arranged with defign, and much refembling the artificial groves, without any undergrowth or incumbrance below, which one frequently meets with about noblemen’s and gentlemen’s feats in Europe; here the water is of a turbid colour, and not unlike the Thames at London. About fix o’clock we failed through the Joggen, and foon after came to an anchor in the Bafon, called by the French (with much pro¬ priety, Beau Baffin, about five miles from Beau Sejour, now fort Cumberland ; the reft of our fquadron joined us in lefs than an hour, and anchored alfo, where an hundred fail of the line may ride in fafety without crowding; and, from the time we entered * About fix or feven years ago (Anno 1750, or 51) a company came here from England, to prove thcfe mines; they took a cajrgo of the ore back with them, but never returned here fince. F 2 this $6 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. * 757 - this bay, we found water enough every-where for a firft rate (hip of war. The Governor and our naval Commander loft no time in going a-(hore under a difcharge of fifteen guns from the Suc- cefs; my young marines were drawn up on this occafion, not with their firelocks, there not being room to handle them pro¬ perly, but with cutlaffes belonging to the (hip ; and, upon the Go¬ vernor’s landing, he was faluted from the fort alfo with fifteen guns. 25 th - His Excellency and the Commodore returned on board early this morning, and the tranfports were ordered up nearer to the fort for the convenience of landing the regiment and the baggage of the Officers: upon this occafion the True Briton had a fortunate efcape, for, when the tide left her, (lie lay athwart a creek, and thereby endangered the breaking her back; however, by difem- barking the detachment, in order to lighten her, (he was got off without receiving any damage, and the men were fent on board again; here the tide rifes to the height of fixty feet and upwards. I was ordered a-fhore this day, to affift the Quarter-mafter in marking out ground for the regiment to incamp on; which we accordingly executed under the cannon of the fort, leaving a pro¬ per fpace on our right for the 28th regiment, hourly expelled : here we found a detachment, equal to a battalion, from the 40th, 45th, and 47th regiments, under the command of Lieutenant- Colonel Wilmot, who entertained the Governor and his company with great hofpitality; at nine o’clock in the evening, I returned with the Governor and Commodore on board the Succefs. 26th. The 43d regiment difembarked and incamped this day; fine weather until after night-fall, when it fet in for rain, which conti¬ nued inceffantly for the fpace of twenty-four hours, with great violence, accompanied with thunder and lightning. 27th. My detachment was ordered on fhore from the frigate; we were five hours rowing againft wind and tide, and the rain never ceafed; the men were much to be commiferated, not being able to change their r, 37 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. their cloaths; and our camp was a perfect fwamp j as my party was A * 757 * landed without the Governor’s knowledge, he ordered it to be re¬ placed by the like numbers from the troops in garrifon. Fair weather to-day, but inclining to damp : a deferter is arrived 28th. from the ifland of Cape Breton, who fays, “ that a large body of troops from thence are preparing to invade this province when the 28th regiment joins us, we are to intrench our camp. There is a large blockhoufe here, advanced about a quarter of a mile N. E. of the fort, upon the Ikirts of the wood leading to Baye Verde (or Green Bay) which is occupied by an Officer, two Ser¬ jeants, a Gunner, a Drummer, and thirty-two rank and file, to pre¬ vent any furprife to the garrifon from that quarter; this houfe is an excellent fortrefs againft mufketry only, conftrudted of large fquare timbers, and confifts ©f three floors or ftories ; the firft is twenty feet fquare, the middle one twenty-two, and the upper twenty-four feet; there are port-holes in each face of the fecond floor for cannon, there being two fix pounders, on fliip carriages, mounted, and always ready loaded.—Each of the two upper floors projedt, or extend, two feet beyond the apartment immediately be¬ low them, with round holes at certain diftances about eight inches diameter, through which to fire mufketry or throw grenado’s, in cafe the enemy ffiould attempt to fire the houfe; befides thefe, there are numbers of loop-holes in each face for the fervice of fmall arms, which of courfe render it an airy habitation to thofe who are to defend it. The Officer has orders to maintain this poft to the laft extremity ; for this purpofe, he is provided with a week’s pro- vifions, and a Urge quantity of ammunition, both for his cannon and mufketry. Such is the barrier to moft of the forts and garrifons in America, where an Officer and thirty men may make a noble de¬ fence againft any numbers whatfoever, provided there are no artil¬ lery brought againft him, or that the enemy do not attempt to fire it with arrows, which, I am told, has been pra&ifed by the Savages hereto- 38 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. « 757 - Augulr. 29th. 30th. 31ft) heretofore, where there have not been, any ordnance mounted to oblige them to keep their diftance. Gloomy weather to-dayj a detachment is gone out to cut and make fafcines and pickets for intrenchments, that are to be thrown up here with all expedition : we are credibly informed the enemy threaten to come and retake this fort: at night the blockhoufe was alarmed by one of its advanced centries, who is ported in the ikirt of the wood; he fired his piece at a man as he imagined, who was advancing towards him; however it appeared to be a mirtake, and is rather fuppofed to have been a wild dog or fox, with which the forefts here are much infefted. The 28th regiment came to an anchor this day in the bafonfrom Halifax; near to which place, a body of French and Indians have lately fhewed themfelves at Dartmouth, on the oppofite fide of the river. No alteration in the weather thefe two days : the 28 th regiment difembarked, and incamped on the right of the 43d; by them we are confidently affured, that a large corps of regular and light troops are upon their march to retake this fortrefs, and are com¬ manded by Monfieur Bois Hibert, a famous partifan, who is Lieu¬ tenant for the French King in this province, where I find, by the following manifefto he has refided for fome years: “ Nous Officer commandant pour le Roy a la Riviere St. Jean, “ et de toute L’Acadie Franfoife, et fes dependances. Comme l’interet fordide, plus que tout autre motif, engage les “ Accadiens a s’expofer a un danger vifible d’etre pris des Anglois, “ et que nous avons des exemples recentes des rifques qu’on cour- “ ru t quelques mauvais fujets, qui font peut etre pris. “ A cette caufe defendons a tous Accadiens, fous quelque pretexte “ que ce puifle etre, de fortir de leurs habitations, ou endroits “ rt u '^ s habitent, fans mon agrement. “ Pro- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 39 “ Promettons cinquante livres de gratification a quiconque nous *757- " declarera a l’avenir ces malfaiteurs, et admoneftrons ces derniers Ausuft ’ “ de trois cents livres a prendre fur les meubles etimmeubles, et les “ envoyrons a Quebec, comme fujets rebelles et prejudiciables “ au bien public. “ Ordonnons a tous Capitaines de faire publier dans leurs rivieres “ et dependances le prefent. “ Auquel avons fait appofer le cachet de nos armes pour que “ perfonne n’en pretende caufe d’ignorance; fait triple a mon camp “ le 20 me Decembre 1755. “ Bois Hibert.” N. B. Pour mes armes, trois canards regardants. In Engliffi thus: W e the Officer commanding for The King, on the river St. John, and in all French Acadia, and their dependencies. As fordid intereft, rather than any other motive, induces the Acadians to expofe themfelves to the apparent danger of being taken by the Britiffi, and that we have recent examples of the rilks which worthlefs fubjedts incur, who are perhaps taken. For this caufe We command all the Acadians, not to leave their habitations, or places of refidence, without our permiffion, under any pretence whatfoever. And We promife a reward of fifty livres (about two pounds, five fhilhngs, fterling) to any perfon who fhall advertife us of fuch tranf- greifors for the future; and We admonifh thefe laft, under the penalty of three hundred livres, to be levied upon their goods and chattels, befides caufing them to be tranfmitted to Quebec as rebel¬ lious fubjedts, and prejudicial to the public good. And We command all Captains of Militia to circulate and pufclhh thefe our Orders on all their rivers and dittridts. / To * 757 * Augulr, HISTORICAL JOURNAL. To three of thefe prefents We have fixed the feal of our arms {viz. three ducks regardant) that no perfon whatfoever may plead ignorance. Given at our camp, this twentieth day of December, 1755 * Bois Hibert. Sept, ifh Our Commodore has received a letter from Admiral Holborne, who was returned to Chebudto (Halifax) from Louilbourg, wherein he informs him, that he looked into the harbour with his own fhip, and reckoned eighteen capital fhips of the enemy’s, fome of which were much larger than many of thofe under his command •, and he is of opinion there could not be lefs than feven thoufand men in¬ trenched along fhore; that he drew up his fleet in the bay, in order of battle; but the enemy would not come out. The Admiral has recommended it to the Commodore to repair, without lofs of time, to Annapolis Royal, as he thinks he will be fafer under the cannon of that fortrefs than here. A council of war has been held in the fort, upon the meafures to be taken in cafe the enemy ffiould put their threats in execution. Our men load their arms now upon all duties, and the centinels have orders not to fuffer any perfon to pafs them in the night, without giving them the cou.nterfign, or fecond watch-word. This day the 28th and 43d regiments moved their camp nearer to the glacis of the fort, in order to render it more compact; for this purpofe they are oonfined to clofer diftances than ufual, in larger armies and incampments; as the men are growing fickly, by reafon of the wetnefs of our camp, they are ordered to bed their tents well with the boughs of lpruce for want of ftraw, and the Officers have got boards to floor their markees : it is inconceivable what quantities of mice we have on this ground, infomuch that one can fcarce walk a few paces without feeing or treading on them; they burrow under the decayed roots and {lumps of trees, that formerly 4* HISTORICAL JOURNAL. formerly grew here, and I am told they have been frequently eaten by the French inhabitants, as well as by our troops, when frelh provifions have been fcarce: I am likeWife allured, that the foldiers have alfo fed upon dogs and cats, under the fame circumltances. We are tormented here, both day and night, with myriads of muf- keta’s, which are fo immenfely troublefome, that we are obliged to have recourfe to various expedients to defend ourfelves from them. We have begun this day to intrench our camp ; for this purpofe fome Officers who had ferved in the Netherlands, during the late war, (of which I was one) were this day appointed Overfeers of his Majelly’s works, at three drillings per day each, which is to be continued while we are employed on that fervice ; a few expert Serjeants from each regiment are alfo employed to lay fafcines, and inftrudt the foldiers, who are each to be allowed one drilling per day.—Our troops and centinels are ordered to be very alert and cir- cumfpect, fome parties of the enemy having fhewed themfelves, from the Ihore, to our drips in the bafon ; a fmall number of thefe fellows came here on the 20th ult. before our arrival, and carried off above fixty head of black cattle, and fome horfes that were grazing within lefs than a quarter of a mile of the fort. The Alderney hofpital drip, one of our fquadron, has landed feveral lick men, and a houfeis provided for their reception; their diforders are fpotted fevers and dyfenteries; it is remarkable, that feventeeri men have died on board this drip, in the drort paflage from Hali¬ fax here, which exceeds the number lod; by the feven regiments in their long voyage from Europe; thefe cafualties, neverthelefs, are tiot to be imputed to the climate, as will hereafter appear. The garrifon, before we came here, were fupplied by contract with fredi beef, mutton, and pork, at four pence per pound; milk at three¬ pence per quart; and eggs at fifteen pence per dozen : we are alfo ferved upon the fame terms, but the firft of thefe articles is ren¬ dered fcarce by the foregoing difafter of the 20th of Auguft ; foft bread is not to be had here for want of flour, which, however, is Vol. I. G fupplied * 757 ' Septem¬ ber. 4 * HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Septem- ^ u PP^ e< ^ by bifcuits ferved out with our fait provifions from the ber. ftores. 2d. The weather cool and windy, with frequent fiiowers: between detachments, fatigue, and camp duties, the fubalterns, non-com- miflioned and private men, have very little time for reft; a referve from each regiment, conftfting of a Captain, Lieutenant, Enfign* and fixteen rank and file, with Serjeants and Drummers in propor¬ tion, mount every evening at retreat beating, and patrole the camp every night continually. 5th. Our trenches are in great forwardnefs, weather variable, and gene¬ rally cold for this feafon, which we partly impute to the extreme wetnefs of our camp: a floop came yefterday on this fide of the Joggea near to the bafon, and went off again : fhe is fuppofed to be a fpy from St. John’s river; had die been a friend, there was not any thing to obftru757- up with froft ; but, if that was not the cafe, we have neither floop, fchooner, galley, or barge, on this river, whereby we might even tranfmit an exprefs upon any prefling occafion j there are two or three old crazy canoes on the fliore, of little or no ufe; nor are there any veffels ftationed at any of thofe forts, except a province floop and fchooner, one of which is, for a few months of the fum- mer feafon, at fort Cumberland, who makes two or three trips back and forward to Chebudto, and, for form’s fake, looks into the baibn of this harbour; but her principal ftation, and the fchooners, are at Halifax, whence they ferve as runners to Bofton, or elfe- where, for intelligence, or on any emergency. The Commanding Officers of the different forts are inverted with the authority of Chief Magiftrate, or Juftice of Peace, in their re- fpe&ive diftridts, which, in the prefent fltuation of affairs in this (I may fay) uninhabited province, is only a matter of form. Upon our taking poffeflion of this garrifon, our Commandant iffued out the following orders: ** It is Lieutenant Colonel Demetrius James’s orders, that the “ morning gun fhall fire at break of day; the evening gun at fun- “ fet; and the fecond gun at eight o’clock at night; the ports to *• be fhut, and the bridge to be drawn up, at fun-fet; the wicket “ and outward barrier to be fhut at nine o’clock at night, and not “ to be opened till reveille-beating. One Subaltern Officer, one ** Serjeant, two Corporals, one Gunner, and thirty men to mount “ the main guard. One Serjeant, one Corporal, one Gunner, and ** twelve men to mount the Cape blockhoufe guard. The like “ guard alfo at Hog Ifland blockhoufe ; and a Corporal and two “ men to mount at the fort Major’s blockhoufe. All the guards “ to mount at ten o’clock in the morning, except the fort Major’s, “ which is to mount at retreat-beating, and come off at reveille: “ all the out-guards to report in writing every-morning at eight “ o’clock, to the Officer of the main or port guard. The main “ guard r. 6i HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ guard is to furnifli eight centries, viz. one upon the Command- 1757 - “ ing Officer, one at each of the four Baftions, one at the Wicket, ° “ one at the Provoft’s, one at the Guard-room door, and two “ orderly men ; the centries are to be relieved every hour ; the “ Officer of the main guard is to go his rounds twice, between “ twelve o’clock at night and reveille-beating. A Corporal of the “ main guard, with two men, to patrole round the rampart, from “ the fecond gun-fire at night, till break of day in the morning, “ half an hour after every relief. The centries are to pafs the “ words frequently— All’s well, beginning at King George’s Baftion, “ and to end with the centinel at the Wicket. The troop to beat “ at nine o’clock every morning, and tattoo at the fecond gun-firing. “ The two blockhoufe are to mount two centries each, who are “ to be ported up ftairs together. A Corporal and four men from “ the Cape blockhoufe, to patrole from thence every two hours, “ quite round the covered way. A Corporal and four men from “ Hog Ifland blockhoufe to patrole from thence every two hours “ up through the town, and return through the lane clofe to the “ Governor’s garden ; thefe patroles are to take up all foldiers they “ fhall meet with, as well as diforderly and fufpedted perfons. The «* Gunner of the main guard to be very pun&ual, in reporting all “ veflels to the Commanding Officer, as foon as they appear. No “ perfon upon any pretence to prefume to futtle or fell any fort of. “ liquor in the fort. No fire to be carried openly from one barrac “ to another; and no perfon to carry a lighted pipe about the “ fort.” The old garrifon embarked to-day for Halifax, and with them two Indian captives, a brother and After, who parted by the names of Clare and Anfelm Thomas ; they are of the Mic-mac nation ; (lie is comely and not difagreeable; her complexion was not fo fair as the Britifti, nor yet fo dark as the French in general are; her features were large, with fprightly black eyes, hair of the fame colour. 62 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Jdtober co ^ our ’ lips and a well-ihaped nofe; I believe She may be about twenty-three or four years of age, not taller than five feet five inches; fomewhat Dutch-built, but was very fprightly, and had much of the French in her manner and behaviour; {he was as dif¬ ferent from a great mafculine Squaw at fort Cumberland, as any two creatures of the fame fpecies can be. This laft female I would have given fome account of before, but, tho’ I faw her often, I aSked no questions about her, as the appeared to me to be, and what I natu¬ rally concluded (lie was, a Mulatto. Their family have been con¬ verted to (what is commonly called) Christianity, as may partly ap¬ pear by their names; but I have a Stronger reafon for this fuggeftion, by their having crucifixes ; Clare had one of filver, that hun^ down from a large bunch of beads, which She wore about her neck; AnSelm s was made of wood, and hung by a leathern String from a button-hole of his coat; their cloathing they got from the Officers of the garrifon, except a turban the female had on her head, and a pair of paltry pendants from her ears : thefe, I am told, were her own. When I firSt went into the room where they were confined, the Sifter rofe up from her feat, approached me ea¬ gerly, and faluted me after the French manner. The brother, who was neither fo fair nor fo tall, came towards me in a fearful Skulk¬ ing manner, grafped one of my hands, and Shook it with great emotion, accompanied with an unintelligible jargon : he was a mean¬ looking fellow, not fo fprightly as the other ; yet he was well proportioned, and feemed to be a&ive, but he had not the engag¬ ing opennefs of countenance of Clare, nor could I difcern^tha fmalleft refemblance between them. Thefe Indians were not very talkative; I fpoke to them in French, and they anfwered me, but what they faid was fo low and thick, that I could not understand them ; I am told their language was a mixture of their own mother- tongue and of French ; in a fecond vifit, which my curiofity led me to make them, Clare made a fign to me for pen, ink, and paper ; r, HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 63 paper; thefe I accordingly procured for her, and fhe inftantly filled Sl¬ ant fide of it with a writing, or characters, which are to me un- ° ber> ' intelligible; I have it now before me, and, though there are fome letters in it apparently fimilar to part of our alphabet, yet it is ut¬ terly impoflible to make any difcovery from it. Some months ago this man and woman, with two other brothers, came to Mayafs Hill, within a mile of the garrifon, under a flag of truce: an Of¬ ficer with an interpreter were immediately fent out, to inquire their errand, and to invite them in, which they accordingly ac¬ cepted of. They faid—“ they belonged to a fettlement at Pan- “ nook, in the country of Lunenburg (which lies to the eaftward “ of us, about three or four and twenty leagues) and that they “ were fent by their father to treat in behalf of their family and ** the reft of their tribe; that they were defirous of burying the “ hatchet, and becoming true friends to the Englifh, with whom ** they now hoped to put a final period to all animofities; and, if “ we did not chufe to truft and employ them as allies, prayed “ that they may be reputed and treated hereafter at leaft as neu- “ trals.” So eager were they to be confided in, that Anfelm and Clare voluntarily propofed to continue here as hoftages, while the other brothers Ihould go to Pan-nook, for their father and one or two other Chiefs of their nation, the better to convince the Eng¬ lish of their fincerity. Having got a favourable anfwer and re¬ ception, the two brothers accordingly departed from the fort with fome trifling prefents, and directed their courfe towards Lunen¬ burg, in order to procure, through the channel of fome acquain¬ tances they had there, a Britifh efcort to conduft them, either back to this garrifon, or to Halifax : in their journey they called at Pan-nook, and, uporf their favourable report to their father, he, and two other Chiefs, accompanied them towards the German fet¬ tlement before-mentioned; but unluckily, in their march thither, they were way-laid by an accidental party of our people, wha knew J 64 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1757 - knew nothing about them, nor the errand they were going upon; October. 0 f Anfelm fell; the reft betook themfelves to flight, and the party not purfuing immediately, as they did not yet know the number of the Indians, gave the old Chief time to recoiled himfelf and efcape alfo.* This had fuch an effed on the Sachems and their companions, who concluded it to be the refult of treachery, that they thought it in vain to renew their follicita- tions, and (no doubt vowed revenge at a proper feafon) perfuaded that the Englifh were a faithlefs people; they refolved to return to their habitations, and remain quiet, until they fhould hear the fate of Clare and Anfelm; thefe circumftances being yet unknown to the Commanding Officer here, except an imperfed account brought, within this fortnight, by a floop from fort Edward in this pro¬ vince, to. that a fcouting party of the enemy had been way*laid near Lunenburg; that one old man was killed (this was fuppofed to be the father of thefe captives) whom the reft carried off be¬ fore our people could venture upon a purfuit, &c. and, the two brothers not returning purfuant to their promife, it was concluded they muft have been the fufpeded enemy, and therefore it was refolved that Anfelm and Clare fhould be detained, and brought to Halifax, there to be difpofed of as the Governor fhould think proper : as I was very particular in my defcription of thefe favages, I thought it neceflary to account for the manner in which they fell into our hands. The detachment we relieved here was com¬ manded by a Captain, and confifted of eighty effedive men, be- fides Artillery-men, to the number of ten, including their Officer, who is a Lieutenant. They made a very fhabby appearance (I * It is cuftomary with the Indians, upon the earliefl: glimpfe of a flafli from an enemy’s fire, to fall flat to the ground, as if killed ; and, after they have heard the report, they fpring up brifkly, and return the falute, followed by a fhout, and then run ofF; but, by what I can learn, thefe people had no arms, or, if they had, being furprifed, and few in number, they thought it better to retire, mean a. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 65 mean the infantry) and did not trouble themfelves much about dif- cipline, nor were they regularly cloathed; their Officers feemcd to be a good deal affiamed j but I think great allowances ffiould be made for troops, fituated as they were, who were worn out with hard labour and watching, and who rather looked upon them¬ felves in the light of Haves, or, at beft of rangers, doomed to per¬ petual baniffiment. The regiments ftationed in Nova Scotia have fuffered much in all refpedts, by their long confinement in this province, and their being fubdituded (the very bane of difcipline to a corps) into fmall detachments to garrifon fo many different places; but, at length, by the arrival of an army this year at Hali¬ fax, the appearance, as well as regularity, of thefe European troops, and the out-parties, from the other regiments, being relieved, and called in, raifed an emulation among them immediately, upon their jundtion: they gradually improved, foon difcarded the ranging party-coloured cloathing, and re-affumed the air and fpirit of ex¬ pert regular forces. There is nothing can be more prejudicial to his Majefty’s fcrvice, and it can be no advantage to the mother- country, in many refpedts, to fuffer troops, or people in public employments, civil or military, to refide long in any of thofe re¬ mote garrifons or countries; I could point out fome judicious rea- fons in fupport of thefe fentiments, but it is no longer requifite; they are, or feem to be, at this time f Anno 1768) obvious to the ruling powers, and wifer meafures are now adopted.* I muft, however, intreat the reader’s patience to attend to what I am going to relate, as it is not altogether foreign to the fubjedt, and, I have been frequently affured, is matter of fadt. There is an old Fiench * Some exceptions, it is true, may be made to this fyftem, becaufe there are coun¬ tries fubjea to Great Britain, whofe inhofpitable climates are fatal, not only to Europeans, but to British conftitutions in particular; therefore it may be impolitic to relieve feafoned veterans too often : in fuch cafes, however, there is no doubt, that the greateji evil ought always to he cfchewed. Vol. I. K gentlewoman 66 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 0*1 b 7 ' £ cnt * ewoman h ere > of the Romiffi perfuafion, whole daughters, grand-daughters, and other relations, have, from time to time, intermarried with Officers, and other gentlemen of this garrifon, whereof fome of the former’s were of refpedtable rank ; the ladie3 foon acquired an influence, the fpirit of the foldier and the cha- radteriftic of a good Officer were gradually changed, and fucceeded by rufticity the women, in ffiort, did as they pleafed, provided they would indulge their good-natured hufbands in a pipe, and a chear- uping glafs extraordinary, in the evenings. The private men, whe¬ ther on guard, or employed, at the government’s expence, in patching the decayed works of the fort, have been fent for to dig up gardens, or do fome other bufinefs, for the inhabitants of the town, and, after earning an extra {hilling, repaired to a public- houfe to drown the cares of the day in the feafons of good fellow- fhip, regardlefs of their duty, or the work they had, perhaps, been engaged at in the morning: if an Officer ventured to call one of thefe delinquents to an account, the anfwer was, “ I was fent for “ to finifh a jobb of work for Madam- •” and, if the foldier was confined, the old gentlewoman ordered him to be releafed by her own authority, which was deemed fufficient, and no farther in¬ quiries mult be made into the matter. I am alfo aflured that this good lady has a&ually preiided at councils of war in the fort, when meafures have been concerting to diftrefs the common enemy, her good kindred and countrymen. The Ample relation of thefe mat¬ ters now a-days, appears very extraordinary : but, I believe, I may venture to affert, that they are no lefs to be relied on. I called at this gentlewoman’s houfe one morning foon after we had been fet¬ tled, and, feeing a young man in blue cloaths, with a foldier's hat and lace on his head, I fuppofed he was an Officer’s fervant, and therefore directed my eyes towards him and his hat, to try if he would take the hint; but the poor lad, though in foldier’s pay, was an idiot: his father had formerly been an Officer of rank in much- HISTORICAL JOURNAL much efteem here, and was married to one of her daughters ; (he, Teeming highly offended at my viewing her grandfon fo ftedfaftly, faid, “ I might look at him, but fhe could affure me he was a « _’s fon, as good as myfelf, &c. &c.” I unfortunately re¬ plied, that I fuppofed he was the fon of a French militia-, or words to that eflfeCt. I cannot defcribe her wrath at this an- fwer j (lie could no longer contain herfelf, and, after venting a great many choleric expreffions, fhe concluded with this fpeech. Me have rendered King Shorge more important Jervices dan ever you did, or peut etre ever Jhalh, and dis be well known to peoples en au¬ thor it e. To which an Officer, who accompanied me, anfwered, Viry true , Madam ; I fuppofe it was in council.—He was going to add fomething more, but the lady grew fo outrageous, that we found it was time to decamp. All meafures, however, in confequence of thefe connections, have been long fince changed by deaths and removals j I {hall therefore proceed to a defcription of this famous fortrefs, which has had the honour of being, if not under the juris¬ diction, at leaft the influence, of this fage and able female counfellor: “ Annapolis Royal is of a quadrangular form, and ftands on an artificial height, which, with the ramparts, are raifed by loofe fandy earth, faced with timbers ; it is fituated clofe to a pleafant river, which takes its name from the garrifon, and lies S. E. of the entrance, leading from the bay of Fundy, at the diftance of fomewhat better than four leagues. It has four baftions or batte¬ ries, one at each angle j it has one gate, a draw-bridge, and two barriers, with a foflfe, a covered way, and a good glacis j the cur¬ tains, to the Eaft, Weft, and South, are flanked by ravelins, or half-moons j and to the North, by the riverj with the town running eaftward along the fhore, which is protected, at the upper extre¬ mity, by a blockhoufe, built on a peninfula, called Hog Ifland, and on the S. S. W. ftands another, leading to the country, to prevent any furprife on that quarter. Under the north curtain. 68 October, HISTORICAL JOURNAL. * 7 S 7 *r on the level of the covered way, is a Barbet battery faced with brick, and well fituated; it mounts fix twenty-four pounders pointed down the river, and a thirteen-inch mortar behind this battery, in the ditch, {lands the powder magazine, whofe com¬ munication with the garrifon is by the fally-port. The foffe, or ditch, which is dry, is very broad and of a proper depth, in the center whereof, between the fcarp and counterfcarp, {lands a wall of palifadoes, ranged clofe together. The garrifon mounts about thirty pieces of cannon, moftly twelve and nine pounders, with fome fmaller ones, and feveral mortars of different calibers ; but the works are in a ruinous condition, there are no communications between the body of the place and the ravelins: thefe lafl feem to be entirely negledted ; and the timbers that face the fcarp of the ramparts are fo decayed, that they, as well as the fandy founda¬ tion, are gradually mouldering away. The works were formerly much more extenfive, but it was found neceffary to demolifli fome, in order to render it more compadl, for the fmall force which could only be fpared to garrifon and defend it. Within the fort, befides the barracs, fome of which are much out of repair, are arfenals, flore-houfes, work-fhops, an armoury, and a new building, not near finifhed, which is intended for a cafemate, to contain 300 men. I dare fay a draught of this place, thrown into perfpedlive, would appear very refpedlable, but I am forry I cannot fay it is fo in reality. A flranger would naturally expedt, on coming here, to fee a complete fortrefs and a better town,—if he confiders that Annapolis Royal has been in the pofleflion of the Britifh crown, fince the year 1714, when it was ceded to us by the treaty of Utrecht .* The houfes of the village (for it does not deferve the name of a town) are mean, and in general built of wood; and, though it is much inferior to Halifax, the inducements to fettle here, with * Annapolis was in our pofTeflion before that time; we took it from the French, and they confirmed it to us by that famous treaty. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. refpedt to the country about it, are infinitely greater; there is a 69 good deal of clear ground here, within view of the fort, which. however, at prefent lies difregarded, as it can neither be culti¬ vated, nor even converted into pafturage, in fafety : on the oppo- fite fide of the river, and on the S. E. S. and S. W. quarters the lands are high, and covered with dark thick woods; but on the Weft fide of the fort, beyond a fmall rivulet, called Allen’s River, are the ruins of fettlements and regular planted orchards:-Thus far at prefent. Our new garrifon confifts of the fix companies of the 43d regi- 18th. ment, amounting to about four hundred and fifty men, all ranks included; a Fort-Major, a Lieutenant of the Royal Artillery, a Bombardier, two Gunners, and ten Matrofles. There is alfo an Engineer here, who with the Artillery Officer (generally a Lieutenant Fire-worker) a Clerk of the Cheque, and a Store-keeper, form a board or committee, and conftitute the civil branch of this garri¬ fon : they derive their authority from the refpedtable Board of Ordnance at home; and under their infpedtion are the works, bar- racs, arfenals, ftores of various kinds, armoury, and the fuperin- tendence, as well as payment, of all the artificers, and others em¬ ployed in the King’s works, in like manner as in all his Majefty’s other forts and garrifons : befides tnefe Gentlemen before-men¬ tioned, there are about fifty men fit to bear arms, compofed of in- hab tants, and a few artificers who are in conftant pay. We have had the moft inceffant fall of rain thefe two days that ever I faw; I obferve, when it fets in to be wet, it is much more violent, while it continues, than in Europe, where the climates are lefs upon extremes. The old garrifon failed early this morning for Halifax, under rgt h. convoy of the Enterprife. Fair weather to-day, and very cold: a detachment of one Captain, two Subalterns, and 126 rank and file, with Serjeants and Drummers in proportion, are ordered to be in readinefs 1 7 * * 757 * Oftober. 2ift. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. readinefs to embark in Hoops hired for that purpofe, to proceed down the river to a place called Fort Faggot, to cut fire-wood for the garrifon : the men are not to be relieved until they have done cutting, but the Officers will be relieved every week the men are to be paid at the rate of two (hillings per cord, and to be allowed rum every day at his Majefty’s expence. Hitherto, when the troops in garrifon were few in number, they were fupplied with this ar¬ ticle from Bofton, and other parts of New England, at the rate of thirteen, fourteen, and fifteen (hillings currency (of this province) per cord, which was brought here by Hoops and fchooners ; this circumftance would fcarce gain credit in Europe, when people are told at the fame time, that the forts and garrifons, in this province, are furrounded by forefis of all kinds of excellent wood, fit for fuel: but then it alfo remains to be told, that, though we are faid to be in pofieffion of Nova Scotia, yet it is in reality of a few for- trefles only, the French and Indians difputing the country with us on every occafion, inch by inch, even within the range of our artillery ; fo that, as I have obferved before, when the troops are not numerous, and cannot venture in fafely beyond their walls, the neceffity of importing fire-wood from other places appears ob¬ vious. For thefe two days, cold, difagreeable weather, with heavy (howers: the Officer of the guard having demanded candles for his own and his men's ufe, it was a matter of great furprife to the Fort-Major, who declared, that, in the many years he had been in office here, there never was a candle a(ked for before, for that the Officer of the guard ufually paffed his time, when on duty, in his own quarters, or elfewhere in the fort; and that, moreover, there was no fund to fupply that contingent j but the Commanding Officer convinced the Fort-Major (who was a reafonable, genteel man) of the neceffity of candles upon guard, and afiured him he Ihould expert the duty of this garrifon to be executed very differently, in HISTORICAL JOURNAL. in future, from what (by his account) it had ufually been. Ac¬ cordingly three candles*, of about twenty to the pound, were pro¬ duced, which were inefficient but, upon complaint being made, proper lights, and more of them, were foon after granted (as is cuftomary in all other countries) as well to the main guard as the blockhoufes. Dry,- cold, and windy weather: the detachment embarked for fort Faggot this day; the men were provided with thirty-fix rounds each, and a calk full of fpare ammunition j this being the anniver- fary of his Majefty’s coronation, the colours were hoifted at break of day; at noon twenty-one guns were difcharged, and the garrifon marched out to the glacis,—and fired three vollies. The weather to-day is very cold, with Ihowers of fleet or fmall fnow; at nine o’clock this morning his Excellency Governor Law¬ rence arrived from fort Cumberland, with the troops from thence, on their way to Halifax. On his landing he was faluted with fifteen guns. The 28th regiment had not removed into quarters, when this fleet failed from the bafon. The Governor met with fqually weather, and was in fome danger of being loft: on a lee fhore, where he fays he faw a number of canoes, and the fmoke of fires in the woods at a fmall diftance, which he fuppofed were Bois Hibert, and his Gens de Bois, on their return from Louifbourg. The Charming Molly fchooner is juft arrived from Pifcataway, with liquors and provifions } by this veifel we have received the fol¬ lowing difegreeable news of the fleet under Admiral Holborne j viz. on the evening of the 24th ult. being off Cape Breton, it began to blow hard at Eaft, but, veering round to the fouthward, it blew a pei^ed: ftorm, which continued violent all that night, and the greateft part of the forenoon following, in which time his fleet fuftained great damage, as by the following return : * The price of this article, here, was from eight-pence to ten-pence per pound. « The 71 * 757 * O&ober. 22d. 23d. 24th. 72 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1757. « The Newark, drove into Halifax, threw eight guns over- October. ,, , , 00 “ board. “ The Invincible loft all her mafts. ** The Sunderland loft her main and mizen mafts. “ The Captain and Eagle loft all their mafts. ** The Centurion and Frederic the fame. “ The Tilbury—loft. About 175 fouls out of 400 were all that ** could be faved; they were drove afhore on the illand, and the “ French took them up, and fent them foon after, under a flag of “ truce, to Halifax. “ The Nottingham loft her mizen mafts. “ The Devonfhire was fince feen at fea without her mafts. ** The Naflau and Grafton the fame. “ The Windfor threw fifteen guns over-board. “ The Ferret floop is miffing; it is feared fhe is loft. “ The Cruifer floop loft her moving mizen mail and all her “ guns.” 25th. The Governor and his fquadron failed this day for Halifax, with a fair wind, under convoy of the Succefs frigate, who waited here for them; we difcovered this night a large fire in the woods about two leagues up the river, on the North fide; this piece of info- lence, we are told, is one of the baits laid by the enemy, in or¬ der to decoy a party to go in purfuit of them. 27th. Soft open weather thefe two days, yet gloomy and very cold. Some horfes, which the enemy ftole from the inhabitants of this place laft fummer, appeared, this afternoon, on Mayafs Hill, near two miles from hence; (this eminence is the utmoft limit of our clear, open ground. South of the fort;) two or three Officers, with a Serjeant and twelve men, went out to intercept their retreat to the woods; but they were fo fhy and wild, that the party found it impracticable; fo they returned without them. Fair 73 historical journal. Fair weather with, a very ffiarp air: another party of volunteers, 0 * 757 ^ confifting of Officers and foldiers, feeing the horfes before-men- 28th. tioned return to the hill, went out in the afternoon, divided thcm- felves, and, after fome courfing, got between them and the woods ; whereupon a few fignal ffiots were difcharged by the rabble un¬ der their cover, and they fet up a hideous ffiout; as the party ap¬ proached the garrifon with their prize, two of the enemy appeared on the fkirt of the wood, and fired their pieces, hoping thereby to draw our people after them into a fnare j but the Officers hav¬ ing, at their fetting out, received pofitive orders to keep clear of the forefts and thickets, they returned with their booty, being eight in number, and drove them into the fort. & The inhabitants came this day to the Commanding Officer, 29th. claimed, and made a formal demand of, the horfes brought home yefterday j the Officers, being immediately fent for, transferred their right to the foldiers of the party, and the Colonel was defirous that fome fmall gratuity might be given to the men, to encourage them to go on fuch kind of fervices hereafter j efpecially as thefe claimants acknowledged they would not have ventured themlelves for their horfes, without a good party to fuftain them (becaufe they have had frequent experience of the enemy Ikulking in hollow ways, and under the tides of banks near to the hill, for feveral days, to take a fcalpor a prifoner;) at length the Colonel, feeing the honeft burghers would neither pay falvage, nor reward the men in any refpedt, gave them up their horfes, that there might be no room for preferring a complaint againft an Officer or foldier under his command. Clear weather, with a fmart froft, after two days heavy rain. Novem- The garrifon contracted with a merchant to fupply them all this winter with beef and mutton, at four-pence per pound ; porK and veal (as long as the latter can be got) at fix-pence ; milk, which is a fcarce article, we pay for at the rate of three-pence per quart, and eggs from eight-pence to one fhilling per dozen j the want o, Vol. I. " L foft HISTORICAL journal. Nov/m- foft bread 1S Applied by fea-bifcuit from the ftores*; thefe we foak ber. ill water, then divide them, and lay them before the fire to dry or toaif; we have no butter, except what we are fupplied with ? °. rom the ftor es, which is generally very rancid, notwithftand- ing it undergoes various operations to render it eatable : wine and pirituous liquors are not unreafonable, and in general much better (becaufe free from adulteration) than in England. Id - Fro(l >' weather to - da y> and inclining to fnow, our men are growing fickly J a Serjeant was buried this evening, who died of a malignant fever. All the men oft duty were fent to the orchards eaftward of May- afs Hill, for a quantity of apples for the garrifon ; two Captains, a Lieutenant, two Enfigns, and our Chaplain, went volunteers, and obtained a covering party, which, with town’s-people, artificers, &c. completed our command to about fifty armed men ; as foon as we palfed the barrier, a Corporal and fix men were advanced to fcour the country. After we had reached the orchards, about t iree miles from the fort, the covering party were ranged in fuch manner as to prevent any furprife, while the reft filled ba^s, ha- verfacks, balkets, and even their pockets, with fruit; a molWrate ful treat to our poor foldiers in particular, fo long accuftomed to a fait diet, without any vegetables. After we had fent thefe men back to the garrifon with their agreeable lading, the armed party divided themfelves into two feparate bodies, to take a tour through the country for a few hours; our plan was to purfue different routes mutually promifing to come to each other’s affiftance, in cafe of being attacked : we agreed to meet at a particular place by the r.ver-fide, which our guides had fixed upon ; and the firft who ihould reach this rendezvous were to whiftle three times and wait a reafonable fpace for the other; and, if the whole Ihould not unite in half an hour, the divifion that Ihould reach firft were to cut three large notches in a tree with a hatchet, then return to the orchards, and wait until the remainder Ihould join, marking, at different HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 75 different places, a tree, to ferve as a beacon or guidance to the * 757 - 1 . Novem others. Accordingly, one divilion directed their courfe by the ber. river-fide, keeping however under cover, while the other ftruck into the country to the fouthward. After we had reached the appointed rendezvous, which is computed about eleven miles from Annapolis, the fignals were made, but no anfwer returned; we even waited long beyond the appointed time, and made feveral kinds of noife, yet had no profpeCl of our companions ; two of the artificers, contrary to orders, fired at fome ducks (which, being killed on the water, were carried down with the current) and the great reverberating report of thefe two fhots was not even pro¬ ductive of any fignal on the part of the reft of our detachment; fo that we returned to the orchards by the fame way that we had before taken, following our own marks we had left on the trees. We polled a few centinels, and then made fires to warm us; but it was near two hours before the other divifion rejoined us, and, through fome miftake of their guide, who had bewildered himfelf in thofe forefts, they were not able to make the appointed ren¬ dezvous. Upon our junction we compared notes j the river party faw fome tracks of horfes, and found fome ordure quite frefh, which appeared to be human; however, from various circum- ftances, we rather believed it to be that of a bear, to which it is faid to have fome refemblance. The divifion who had directed their courfe to the fouthward faw no tracks of man or beaft, neither did they hear the two fhots that were fired, nor any other noife ; their guide feemed fhy every ftep he took, from which they concluded he was frightened, and thereby mifled them. The French have been at great pains here in clearing and planting thefe orchards, and, indeed, finer-flavoured apples, and greater variety, cannot in any other country be produced; there is alfo great plenty of cherry and plumb trees; but the fruit were either ga¬ thered, or had rotted and fallen off. Thefe people have left large L z patches 76 HIST6RICAL JOURNAL. ^ , 757 * patches of clear ground, with tufts or fmall patches of fpruce trees ber. at certain diftances, which in winter, or bad weather, ferved their cattle for fhelter, and now themfelves for ambufcades, when they are difpoled to way-lay our people; the branches of this tree are large and bufhy, forming a thick cover: there are various kinds oi it (as fhall be hereafter recited) fome whereof grow up into tim¬ ber, and others are dwarfiffi j this laft fpecies is that which favours their barbarous flratagems, being as impenetrable to the eye as a brake of furze. We met with the ruins of feveral habitations, and many veftiges of induflry ; where the country was cleared, the foil appeared to be tolerably rich and good, and the grafs incon¬ ceivably long, with great plenty of it, though very coarfe. Upon the return of the firft diviiion to the orchards, for they lie in fight of the fort, the foldiers off duty were again fent out with facks and a pair of horfes, which we loaded, and returned to our garrifon by a different route from that we had taken in the morning, wherein we found fome difficulties, fuch as fwamps, thick underwood or brufh, &c. which, together with a violent fnow that fell at the fame time, and beat in our faces, foured our excurfion, and rendered the latter part of the day difagreeable and very fa¬ tiguing. 4th. It froze hard Iaft night ; to-day we have foft open weather; the Sufanna floop, from New-York, arrived this morning, with ftores and provifions j as every veffel is productive of fome variety, the Matters of them are fure of meeting with a very hofpitable recep¬ tion from the Officers; we generally find them plain honeft men and fair dealers, for they always, whether freighted on the Go¬ vernment’s account or otherwife, bring fome articles with them that they know will be acceptable, and, being punctually paid, they come as often as they can. 8th. The weather has changed to froft, and has been very fevere thefe three days. Cold, HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 77 Cold, raw, and wet, with a thick foggy air. Novem- This being the anniverfary of his Majefly’s birth, the fame re- ber 9th. fpedtful rejoicings were obferved as on the 23d ult. with this ad- xoth * ditional circumllance, that the Commandant politely entertained the garrifon, and the l'oldiers were indulged with an advance of one shilling per man to thofe who were not on duty, and the fame to the others, when they were relieved, on the day follow¬ ing ; fifteen guns, and three vollies from the grenadier company, were difcharged after dinner, on drinking the healths of our gra¬ cious Monarch and his Royal Family. The fevere winter weather begins gradually to Heal upon us; it is fair to-day, and the wind extremely {harp. On account of the various reprefentations of this climate by authors and travellers , I propofe to continue my diary oj the weather until the firjl of May next , and then decline it , except on fome very uncommon change , or remarkable event. 12 th. Clear, dry, frofty weather and fun-lhine: arrived the Swift fchooner from Halifax, laft from fort Cumberland j the Mailer in¬ forms us, that a few nights ago (the 9th inft. in the evening) a party of French and Indians came down and cut away a Hoop, that lay at anchor in the creek at the head of the bafon j Ihe was about fixty tons burden j that there were only a man and boy on board, when the enemy came and took pofieflxon of her, they being a fleep in the cabbin : that they worked her up Chepordie river j but, being immediately purfued, both by land and water, by a vigorous Tally of regulars and rangers from the fort, the rabble fet fire to and abandoned her ; the party came up with her before (lie was much damaged, and had time to fave fome fugars, and other articles, that lay in calks in the hold. About two hours before this happened, Mr. Arbucle, the Mailer, carried on Ihore twelve hundred dollars he had brought for the fubfillence of the garrifon. As this is neither the 13th, HISTORICAL JOURNAL. the firfl nor fecond aCt of this kind that has happened fince we re¬ covered that part of the country, it is furprifing fome effectual means are not taken to prevent fuch flagrant infults j for, if the ene¬ my were to become mafters of a trader or two, they would in a fliort time reduce fort Cumberland to great ftreights; a good block- houfe with a couple of guns, ereCted on a convenient fpot (of which ther ure many) and furrounded with a flout palifado work, would prevent fuch accidents for the the future, be a great defence to the inhabitants, and alfo contribute much to the fafety of their cattle, when turned out upon the marfhes ; this creek being very little fhort of an Englifh mile from the garrifon. We likewife learn that, fince we left that place, the enemy have been fo troublefome as to appear in fmall parties of two or three, in different places round them ; that the rangers are always fent out when they have the im¬ pudence to fhew themfelves; but, as it is impofiible, by the fituation of that place, to make a detachment from the fort without their knowledge, there is no coming up with them; for, before they can reach the fkirts of the wood, the rabble may be at two miles dis¬ tance. Soft, open weather : this evening arrived the Trial floop of and from Philadelphia, with King’s ftores and provifions ; the Mailer of her, who is one of the Friends, is an intelligent, converfable man, and informs us, that Governor Morris has concluded treaties of peace with ten Indian nations, called the Shawanefe and Delaware Indians, whofe refidence is chiefly on the river Safquehannah ; that they have received a prefent of 8000I. fterling, five of which were given by Pennfylvania, and the remainder by the Government; and that a great part of this fum is to be applied, at their own requeft, to purchafe arms, ammunition, working tools, blankets, and other cloathing of Britifh manufacture, for their ufe. The honed Quaker farther fays, that it is univerfally expeCted, affairs will alfume fuch an alpeCt this winter, as probably to produce in the enfuing cam¬ paign, great events and glory to the Britifh arms. Soft 79 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Soft weather and gloomy; about one o’clock it grew exceeding dark; this was fucceeded by a violent ilorm of wind, that laited or three hours, and was then followed by a very heavy rain, which brought on fine weather in the evening. Foggy air and wet weather: arrived the Mailer Mafon floop from New-York, with King’s ilores and provifions; this veffel brings us an account of fome fuccefsful ikirmiihes between our light troops and the favages to the fouthward, but no particulars: the Earl of Loudoun has ordered all the cadets, or volunteers of the army, to ferve among the rangers, until the opening of the next campaign. Surprifing fine weather to-day for the feafon, with fun-ihinej two Officers, with a Serjeant and twelve rank and file, marched this morning to fort Faggot, which they compute to be about ten mi es diftant, and returned late in the evening i the wood is regularly brought up from thence in Hoops to the quay, whence it is carried by the foldiers off duty up to the covered way, and laid in piles or cords. r A hard froil to-day. Showery weather, very cold, and blows hard. A hard froil, clear and pleafant; a party marched out to cover ome Officers, who went on a tour of pleafure; they killed a good many partridges and fquirrels, and returned in the evening. Severe weather, with ihowers of fleet, and haad froil; the wood cutters and covering party returned this day to the garrifon from ort Faggot, and made as droll and grotefque an appearance as a detachment of Hungarian or Croatian irregulars, occafioned by the length of their beards, the difordered ihape of their hats, and the raggednefs of their party-coloured cloathing; for fome had brown, others blue watch-coats (buckled round their waifts with a cartouch- boxitrap) and fome were in their threadbear uniforms; in ihort they had very little of the Britiih regular about them, and it could not e otherwile, the kind of fervice whereon they had been em¬ ployed n’oS. ber 17 th. 18th. 19th. 20 th. 21 ft. 22J. 23d. 8o * 757 * Novem¬ ber. 23d. 25 th. 26th. 27th. 29th. 'Oth. Decern bcr 1 ft, HISTORICAL journal. ployed duly confidered ; but I have faid enough on this fubjeft be¬ fore, refpedting troops long ftationed in this province, who muft m a great meafure lay afide the uniformity of the clean, fmart o ier, and fubftitute, in his dead, the flovenly, undifciplined wood-hewer, fand-digger, and hod-carrier. A lloop arrived this day from Bofton, with ftores; by whom the Colonel has received an order, that the Othceis and men mu e provided with all manner of camp equipage and neceffanes, b y firft day of March next. This affords great pleafure, as it opens to us a profpedt of being relieved and going upon fervice with the army, the enfuing campaign. # Cold weather thefe two days, with rain and fnow alternate y. It froze hard laft night, and blows freffi to-day; the cold is much more fevere than we have hitherto perceived it; as it ftrengthens, our foldiers become more healthy. # A Froft and fnow ; the Nova Scotia winter now fets in with a y ft rides ; we had pleafant Waiting on the ice to-day. We fee frequent fires, on the north fide, in the woods up the river. The Sea Flower floop, from Biddeford (New England) ar¬ rived this day in ballaft, laft from fort Cumberland ; he fays all is well there; being aiked his reafon for coming up, as he had no packet or any thing elfe for us, he replied, that, fufpedhng bad weather and a contrary wind, he ran into the bafon, and intended to come to an anchor; but, feeing a great fmoke in the woods and feven or eight canoes on the fhore, he concluded it would not be fafe to ftay there; herein we fee one of the bad confluences ot not having a veffel ftationed here, for the protection of this river. This being St. Andrew’s day, the fame was obferved by the Officers and other Gentlemen of this garrifon : it froze and thawed alternately, all thefe laft twenty-four hours, with very a ffiarp air. Some fnow fell laft night; hard froft, and clear fun-ihine; fix Officers, and a party of foldiers, all volunteers, amounting in the whole thirty armed men, went out to fcour the country; as to J route HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 81 route was through the orchards to the eaflward of Mayafs Hill, we took all the Officers’ fervants and other men oft duty, loaded them ber. with apples, and fent them back to the fort; after which, the day being pleafant, we agreed to extend our walk, and take a view of the country ; we foon got upon the tracks of cattle, which we eafily difcovered by the fnow on the ground; and, when we had marched about five or fix miles, we came upon human footfteps: fome of them had the impreffion of a Moggofan*, or Indian flipper; and others of a fliarp-toe’d ffioe, with a high ffiort heel; thefe laft, as our guide informed us, are what are ufually worn by the French regulars, and fometimes by Canadians, who often pafs into this country, either to join the natives in fome of their enterprifes, or to traffic with them : we alfo got upon the tracks of horfes, and found fome of their dung before it was cold, and afterwards fome pieces of apples indented with human teeth, which had not yet changed their co¬ lour ; from thefe and other circumftances (needlefs to be recited) we had reafon to think the enemy had difcovered us, and were re¬ tired to one of their faftneffes : thefe are generally on a road or path, by which they expert their enemy muft pafs; however we ftili * The reader is defired to obferve, as he will frequently meet with this epithet in the courfe of this work, that thefe flippers are generally made of the (kin of beaver, elk, calf, fheep, or other pliant leather, half dreffed : each Moggofan is of one inure piece, joined or fewed up in the middle of the vamp, and clofed behind like the quarters of a fhoe; they have no additional foie or heel-piece, and muft be ufed with three or four faze focks, or folds of thick flannel wrapt round the foot; they are tied on the inftep wuh thongs of the fame leather, which are fattened to the joining behind, and run through the upper part of the quarters; they are exceeding warm, and much fitter for the.winters of this country than our European Ihoe, as a perfon may walk over flreets of ice without the leaft danger of falling: the meaner fort of French and Indians make them of a tougher and thicker leather, but the heads of tribes, and better kind of French, aftea a morc SJ’ drefly fort, with very broad quarters to them, that turn over like the deep or broad neck of a fhirt; and this part, as well as the vamp from the toe upwards is curioufly lamented with narrow flips of red cloath, covered with white, green, and blue beads fewed o various whimfical figures. *** This brogue, or {hoc, is peculiar to the favages. Vol. I. M * uarchcd HISTORICAL JOURNAL. marched on, and, coming foon after upon freffi footfteps of men, we halted our party, animated our foldiers, ai d charged them not to fuffer themfelves to be furprifed, or terrified by fiiouts or yells: they promifed, ‘ they would not yield an inch, but would ftand by us like good foldiers accordingly we advanced in excellent or¬ der, following the enemy’s fteps to a houfe or cabbin, in the center of a cleai piece of ground, which our guide told us was called PrJ ond (it being of a circular form) about ten miles from the garri- fon; we found the door was faft, and, not feeing any key-hole or other mark on the outfide, by which it was fecured, we naturally concluded that it muft be bolted on the infide, and that we had now caught fome of the river vermin in their own trap, where¬ upon we furrounded it, and called to the enemy, in French, to open the door and furrender ; but, receiving no anfwer, we declared we would inftantly fet fire to it,—and immediately one of our men, more impatient than the reft, with fome difficulty forced the door and ruffied in with his bayonet only in his hand ; it is not to be wondered we received no anfwer to our menacing challenges, for the birds were flown. It was not a dwelling, but a ftore-houfe, and was partly under ground, there were three rows of fhelves on every fide of it, covered with long wheaten ftraw, on which lay a choice colle&ion of apples; the floor was likewife covered with ftraw and fruit, which were the beft we had met with fince we came into the country 5 there was nothing elfe in the houfe, except a few pair of wooden ffioes, and a fmall veffiel refembling an half peck. As foon as the detachment had filled their pockets and hayerfacks with part of their plunder, we fet fire to the houfe, and only tamed until we faw it paft all recovery, while we Were thus employed, our guide examined the field, and difcovered in th6 fnow the tracks of a fmall party of men, which he followed, as far as he could with fafety, and came back to report to us, he told us ne knCW whlch Wi ^ the enem y were gone, that their route led to a mill. 8 2 * 757 - X)ecem- ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. mill, where there was a river, and (to ufe his own words) * as * wicked a pafs* as any in the country.’ We confulted whether there was no poffibility of taking a tour, fo as to come on the back of them ift that place ? He anfwered in the negative, the day being fo far advanced: fo we agreed it would be molt prudent to avoid any night-work, and accordingly, directing our guide to re-conduft us by a different path to Annapolis, we proceeded on our re¬ turn by a lower road, where we perceived many footfleps up and down the country, and three or four fcattered huts ; thefe we look¬ ed into, but, finding nothing in them, we would not lofe time, by flaying to burn them; we did not meet with any thing remarkable until we had reached the back of the orchards, which was about three miles and an half from our garrifon, and S. S. E. of it; and there we difcovered in a clofe thicket an abandoned camp, and from many circumflances they could not be fewer in number than fifteen or fixteen, nor was it long fince the enemy had been there, as plainly appeared by the fmall trees they cut down for fuel; while we were viewing and making our obfervations, we heard a noife, when immediately a dog barked, and howled afterwards as if filenced by force; this being an advantageous place, we formed our men, and flayed above half an hour, in hopes they would return to their camp, our guide and three men advanced together about two muf- ket-fhots’ diflance from us, towards the place whence the noife pro¬ ceeded ; and by his account they had been lately here, for he faw their tracks every-where, and was perluaded they had withdrawn themfelves either to increafe their numbers, or in the hopes of de¬ coying us after them to a place where they thought they might * I am informed by fome of our men who were made prifoners on the 6th of this month (as will hereafter appear) and made their efcape the fummer following, that the enemy told them they faw us burning their ftore-houfe ; that they fwore they would b-. revenged of us before our return to the fort, and had aiStaally retired to Barnabys mills, in order to way-lay us, as they expected we would proceed farther up into the country. M 2 S ivc * 757 - Decem- ber. 8 4 * 757 - Decem¬ ber. 3 *- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. give us a coup de furprife with greater fafety j this not being impro¬ bable, and the evening drawing on a-pace, we repaired to the fort, without any accident, or other remarkable occurrence: we found all our friends uneafy about us, as we had been expedted'*to dinner ; and, had we continued out much longer, a detachment was to have been fent in purfuit of us. Variable weather thefe two days.—Upon finding the enemy /till numerous in Nova Scotia, for I always apprehended they, or the greateft part of them, had been feized and fent out of the pro¬ vince, I was naturally induced to make fome inquiries on that fub- jedt j and the only information I could receive was, that forty-eight families, who formerly refided, and were well fettled on this river, had retired with their effects to the mountains, and other inacceffi- ble places, to wait the event of the war j they were generally re¬ puted neutrals, and were allured, that, if they would take the oath of allegiance to his Britannic Majefty, and fwear neither to affift, traffic, nor correfpond with the French, their allies, or the fub- jedts of France in Canada, they Ihould not be molefted; but this they obftinately declined, whereupon, fearing compulfion might be ufed, or rigorous meafures taken with them, they thought it fafeft to withdraw; and now, in order to procure a livelihood, they are obliged to have recourfe to robbing and plundering, and the Governor-General of Canada has taken them under his protec¬ tion, by placing an Officer among them, fupplying them with arms and ammunition, and rewarding them for fealps and prifon- ers. What number of fighting men they had among thofe fami¬ lies, or in any other part of the province, I never could learn forcer- tain but have procured a return of the men, women, and chil¬ dren that were ffiipped off to the continent, on the breaking out of this war, with their deftinations, &c. &c. a copy of which I ffiall here prefent the reader : I alfo obtained the names of the fugitives, or thofe who had retired \j but I decline inferting them, as they are of no confequence. A lift HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Decern A lift of the Ihips, tonnage, and the number of days for which ber . they were victualled, with the number of french inhabitants of both fexes, that were taken from hence, and their deftinations. Ships Names and Detonations. < z o C Ui _ n> CO Tons § 0 r Women c n O 9 to Daughters Total The Helena, for Bolton 28 166 5 2 5 2 108 in 3 2 3 The Edward, for Connecticut 28 J 39 4 1 4 2 86 109 278 The two Sifters, for Ditto 28 14c 4 2 40 95 i °3 280 The Experiment, for New York 28 136 40 45 5 6 59 200 The Pembroke'*, for North Carolina 42 x 39 33 37 70 9 2 2 3 2 The Hopfon, for South Carolina 42 177 4 2 46 120 i 34 34 2 A Schooner, for Ditto 42 3 ° 1 1 4 3 9 Veflels, feven 238 927 2 5 1 263 539 611 1664 I am informed, that feveral of thefe unhappy people died on their paftage; that many of them are fufpeCted to have found means to efcape, and now live with the remaining fugitives in the moun¬ tains. We have had fmart frofts for feveral nights j by day, foft open 6 th. weather and mild. A party of foldiers and artificers went over the water to cut fome wood for firing ; they had no covering party, as it was not conceived the enemy would prefume to moleft them within the range of the cannon of the fort; about twelve o’clock, when they were refrelhing themfelves at dinner, they were fur- prifed by a party of Frenchmen who ported themfelves on a rifing ground and fired at them; there were not above three or four of our people that had arms with them, who precipitately betook * This Ihip was taken by a privateer in her paflage, and carried into St. John’s river; the paflengers are returned to this diftrift. them- 86 * 757 * Decem¬ ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. themfelves to flight towards the water-fide, the ground being there clear and open; one of our befl: grenadiers was killed on the fpot; fix men were made prifoners with Mr. Eafon, the Mailer-Carpen¬ ter of the garrilon. The troops in the fort were inftantly alarmed; a Captain, two Subalterns and feventy men, were ordered to go over to the affift- ance of the party, and in purfuit of the enemy ; however, there not being any barge, flat, or boat on the river to ferry fuch a num¬ ber over (for there were only a fmali whale-boat and an old crazy canoe on the Ihore) the detachment was countermanded for the prefent: two Officers went voluntiers, and took over with them a Serjeant and twelve rank and file; but even this, for want of pro¬ per boats, was attended with delay j as foon as they had all eroded the river, they proceeded into the woods, and tracked the enemy and their prifoners, fome of whom they believe are wounded, for they traced their blood above two miles from the place where the wood-cutters had been way-laid ; the Officers, being injoined by the Colonel not to go too far, returned, and brought with them the corpfe of the grenadier, who was ftripped of every thing except his breeches, but they had not time to fcalp him ; the enemy re¬ turned to the fame place in the evening, fired a feu de joie, and fet up a Ihout whereupon a detachment of two Captains, two Lieute¬ nants, two Enfigns, four Serjeants, two Drummers, and one hundred rank and file, with four guides, were ordered out to lcour the country, and endeavour, if poffible, to crofs the river above, not only to recover the prifoners, but alfo to give a fenfible check to the rabble for their infolence; we were reinforced by a Captain, an Enfign, three young Gentlemen Cadets, fome townfmen and a few foldiers, who all turned out voluntiers, which augmented our command to one hundred and thirty armed men: we marched out in the dufk of the evening, and immediately it began to rain, and continued until it was dark, and then it HISTORICAL JOURNAL. poured heavily for fome hours; the darknefs of the night obliged us to halt feveral times, until our guides, with an advanced guard, went forwai d to find out the road, which the thicknefs of the woods and the obfcurity of the night rendered difficult; the rear of our detachment loft themfelves, and, as foon as they per¬ ceived it, one of the Officers fired two (hots, as a fignal to halt the van, who had by this time reached the fording-place at Saw-mill - creek (a fmall river about fourteen yards over) and here, the marfh being Ipacious and clear, we halted until the whole ffiould join; it is conjectured thefe two ffiots alarmed the country, but there was no avoiding it, and it was a pre-concerted fignal: in the fpace of half an hour the remainder of our detachment came up, and we then waded the creek, which luckily was not above knee-deep, for as this, as well as the main river, is always confiderably fwelled by the tide of flood, fo it would not have been paflable at high wa¬ ter, which would have retarded our march, and put us to great inconvenience : as foon as we had all crofted over, we halted, to put our men in good order, and then—proceeded brifkly, the country being open, until we reached Jofeen’s village, diftant about feven miles from Annapolis ; and, finding it impracticable to proceed far¬ ther, by reafon of many trenches and other obftruCtions in the roads, we retired to an adjacent field, where flood the ruins of an old houfe, and fome wooden fences adjoining to it; here it was agreed to lie on our arms until morning. It had hitherto rained very hard, but the weather cleared up by the wind’s fhifting to the North-eaft, and it blew frefti with an intenfe froft, inconceivable for its fudden tranfition from foft rain, and its feverity : we did not venture to make a fire, left the enemy ftiould be farther alarmed; and, as we were all wet, and the night fo extremely cold that we could not fleep, we refreshed ourfelves with victuals and drink, and walked about, for the remainder of. the night, with our arms in our hands. Hard gg HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1757. Hard froft with fome ffiowers of fleet: as foon as the day had ST5T dawned, our detachment was formed, and we fet forward, diredhng ' our courfe under cover of the woods as much as pofiible, to avoid being difcovered : about nine o’clock we croffed two branches o Barnaby’s river, which is about twelve miles from the garnfon: the ground leading to the fording-place is high and woody on this fide, and very low on the other : the defcent is a narrow, winding, fteep road, oppofite to which, after you pafs the river, is a thick • orchard inclofed with a fence of boards between five and fix feet high : this flanks the pafs on the right hand, — and the remains o a large faw-mill and offices, — the left. Here we had fome expecta¬ tions of meeting with the enemy, it being reputed a dangerous pafs; for, as the planks, wherewith the orchard is inclofed, are not laid clofe by two inches, thefe fpaces would well anfwer the iervice o muiketry; fo that, after we got down the hollow road, and pafled one arm of the river, a dozen tolerable markfmen within-fide of this fence would do great execution among us, while as many more mig t run down from the thickets which were a little higher up, poffefs themfelves of the precipice behind us, and a fewer number alfo oc¬ cupy the old houfes to the left, and thereby get the detachment be¬ tween three diftinft fires. This is fo feafible, that it would not ad¬ mit of any doubt of effedual fuccefs; and my reafon for being to particular, in my defection of the place, will be known before the return of our detachment to the garrifon ; having met with no an¬ noyance here, we vainly flattered ourfelves we had flolen a march upon the enemy, and that we fliould foon furprife them in their fettlements, either on this, or the north fide of the mam river. W a continued our route through very difficult and difagreeable forefts, fome rough, and others fwampy ; and, about one o’clock, we crofled Renne Foret bridge, another defite that afterwards proved fatal to many of our party—. We came now upon the tracks of Moggafans, and alfo of fome horfes, which it was evident, by the ffiow or fleet HISTORICAL JOURNAL. that had fallen this morning, were quite new ; whereupon we quickened our pace until we arrived at Peter Godet’s, about twenty- four miles from the fort; it is the firrt fording-place called the Freffies. Here it was intended we fhould crofs the river Annapolis, fall upon the enemy’s fettlements, and return by the road they had taken with their prifoners on the 6th inftant j but, from the depth of water and mud, it was not portable. We faw three horfes on the . north fide, which we were of opinion were thofe we had traced, and had with their riders fwam over the river : finding we were difap- apointed here, we poflerted ourfelves of a thicket on an eminence to the right of the road, (it being too late in the day to attempt any thing farther, and we had neither halted or rcfrefhed fince we left Jofeen’s Village this morning:) This is called Godet’s Village. Here we incamped, and indulged ourfelves with fires: we made beds of fpruce tops, laid in a circular form, with a fire in the center, and fliaded round the windward fide with larger branches : thus we lay after the manner of the Indians. We ported a proper number of centincls, who were relieved every hour, and the Subalterns vifited them every quarter of an hour : their orders were to challenge every body, and oblige them to give a counterfign, which was Breft, (for we too fanguineJy flattered ourfelves, by intelligence we had received from Borton, that this port and harbour were under Britifli colours. After we had fecured our camp, and rerted ourfelves, one of the Officers, and Mr. Dyfon, our principal guide, with a Serjeant and twelve men, were ordered to try once more if they could wade the river, but with no better fuccels than before. In their miking this attempt, ieveral fignal-fhots were fired by the enemy on the oppofite fide. In the evening we made a third attempt to ford the river, and found it utterly impracticable. In returning through a thicket to the eaftward of our camp, we made a prize of thirteen llieep, which wc inftantly killed, and divided among the detachment, relerving only one for the Officers and guides, which we roafted after the Indian ^ 0Lt N manner 89 US7- Decem¬ ber. 90 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ^* 757 * manner J-, and afforded us a comfortable repaft > but we unfortunately ker 8th. paid dear for it the next day ; a moll; immoderate froft, with a fevere wind at north-eaft. As foon as it was light this morning, our Com¬ manding Officer called all the Officers and guides together,, and con- fulted on the meafures next to be taken j the refult of which was, that we fliould proceed farther up the river, and endeavour to find out a fording-place, where we might crofs over to the north fide : ac¬ cordingly we marched about fix miles higher up, to a place called Bernard Grotet’s *, alias Peter Bernard’s *. Here we hoped to fuc- ceed, but we were again difappointed, the river being uniformly of the fame breadth, as it is oppofite to the garrifon; and, the higher up we marched, the more rapid did we find the current. We took a view of the country, and faw a great deal of clear ground feemingly fertile : we found a neat fniall painted canoe, which we ftaved and ient adrift: oppofite to it on the north Ihore lay a more ordinary one, with many tracks of human feet on the mud at both fides. Here we confulted again about our farther operations j and, upon inquiry, we difcovered that the detachment had neither bread, rum, wine, nor any other refreffiment, except a few joints of French mutton our lol- diers had got in their haverfacs ; that many of our men were lame and foundered, as were alfo fome of the Officers, and the whole . command exhaufted with the preceding day’s and two nights fa¬ tigue. Under thefe circumftances it was refolved to return home¬ wards. Our guides, being examined about the fituation of the country and roads, declared they were as great ftrangers to thefe parts as ourfelves, and that they had never been fo high up before. More¬ over, that they knew of no road, nor would they undertake to re- conduft us to our garrifon by any other than that which we had f We fixed a quarter on a long faggot-flick, and, as we fat round the fire, roafted it in the flames; we had no fait, therefore we reliflied it with fome of the King’s pork, broiled on the embers. * * Thefe are the names of the late Chiefs of thofe parts of the country. taken. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 9 1 taken. This being the cafe, and we now above thirty miles from D *757 Annapolis, there was no room for hefitation, or time to delay : fo ber. we refolved to return. Three horfes were picked up in our way, and we marched about ten miles unmolefted, which brought us to Renne Foret river, a mod; dangerous pafs, about twenty miles from the fort. Here we were fuddenly attacked with a dreadful fhower of ball and buck-fhot, feconded by as horrid a yell as ever I heard.— This, with our Commanding Officer’s being (hot dead on the fpot, and all our advanced-guard (except three or four) cut off, who had got over the bridge, threw our men into fome confufion, and made them fall back, repeatedly crying out. Retreat to the plains. This we were compelled to fubmit to, as they were not above an hundred yards behind our rear, the center of which was ftill within reach of the adjacent forefts, if the enemy had thought proper to follow and line the {kirts of them ; but this they did not venture to do, content¬ ing themfelves with deftroying the advanced-guard who were under the bank below them, and ffiouting all the time according to their cuftom. When we had reached the plains, or more properly a traft of cleared ground, the next Officer in command detached four Sub¬ alterns with fmall parties to the fkirts of the woods, forming a kind of fquare; while he, with the remainder in the center, confulted with the guides and the Officers who were volunteers, about the meafures to be purfued in our prefent dilemma. Thefe gentlemen and Mr. Dyfon were not long coming to a refolution, and it W'as agreed upon to force the pafs, and diflodge the enemy: whereupon the par¬ ties were called in, the whole was drawn up in a rank intire, (for hitherto we had marched two deep) and the Officers took their polls; but, before we moved off, a trufty * Serjeant was fent forward to the hollow road, to poffefs himfelf of every thing the deceafed Officer had about him; which he gallantly performed, regardlefs of the * This brave fellow, a North-Briton, by name Cockburne, was juftly rewarded with five guineas, and the Captain’s hat. N 2 enemy s ¥ 92 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Deem- cnem y s ^ re ar, d noife, for they plainly perceived what he was doing, her. a ud endeavoured to make him defift j but he perlevered until he had got the Captain’s laced hat, watch, fafli, fufil, cartouch-box, piftols, and his purfe with near thirty guineas in it; all which he faithfully accounted for. In this fmall {pace of time the Officers went from right to left, animating the men j and particularly the Commanding Officer harangued them very coolly on the occafion. Every thing being now adjufled, and our foldiers, by the example of their Offi¬ cers, in good fpirits, we moved forward ta force this detefted pafs, which I ffiall here deferibe:- “ The enemy lay concealed to the right and left of the road, on a prodigious Aeephill covered with trees and fpruce buffies fo thick, as to be rendered almofi impenetrable. “ Tbis bill was the oppofite fide of the bridge, and a-head of our line of march: they had a breaft-work before them of fiones and “ trees > a t the bottom was the river, which difeharged itfelf ** int0 that of Annapolis, and is between forty and fifty feet " broad : over it were thrown, by way of bridge, two planks of tim- “ bcr laid clofe together, both making eighteen or twenty inches in breadth, fo that one man only could go over a-breafi, and there was no hand-rail. Thefe timbers were fupported at each end by " b y P iers of ear th and fiones, and were elevated about twenty feet M above the water * The ground we were on was high, and led “ with a defce nt through a hollow road to the river-fide, where we “ received the enemy’s fire, and there the marffi was flat, clear, and open. On both fides of the hollow way were dark thick woods, and the road took a turn to the right with a gradual rifing, and* “ three ftee P fte P s to Ae bridge } on the other fide, the road in- “ dined t0 the left> and ran Serpentine up the hill, with dark forefls “ ° n each flde ” Such “ Situation of this defile, which our detach- „ l, f, i T „ . . & “ver, parallel with the roads on hf,i eb S'"! h “ “ Paffibl ' f0rP '° Ple ° n f0Ot ’ f-mmer, when the tide full m, which was the cafe when we were attacked. I think if thev had cut down ,h, bridge, rhey would Ml have had gre«.er advantage, over J. 1 ment HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 93 ment forced their way through about eleven o’clock this morning, in 1 757* the face of a heavy fire, where a more refolute party of fifty or fixty ber. men might repulfe ten times their numbers with inconceivable lofs; and this {hews, that, though the enemy’s plan was well concerted, it was ill fupported > by the time that the Commanding Officer, vo¬ lunteers, and guides, with the van, had gained the oppofite fide of the bridge, there was a little halt or flop for the fpace of a minute } which they perceiving, called out to their companions, and huzza’d. The Officer, who brought up the rear, anfwered them ; which en¬ couraged our men to advance boldly, and pafs the bridge, not how¬ ever without farther lofs, as the rabble flill repeated their fire. Upon the van’s marching up the hill, they faw the enemy fculking and running from the right to the left; whereupon they brifkly afcended, followed them into the woods on the left, chaced them from their ambufh, and gave them a clofe fire in their flight: by this time the whole had got up the precipice, and, when they found themfelves in this fituation, their ardour to purfue was inconceivably laudable : but the enemy were gone off, we could not tell where; they knew the country, and we were flrangers to it: therefore the Commanding Officers halted, to have the mens’ arms examined, and properly loaded : then confulting farther with Mr. Dyfon, he gave it as his opinion, in the hearing of the foldiers, — “ that fince the rafcals “ were gone, they intended to meet us at Barnaby*s River and Mills, u (before defcribed) where they would undoubtedly way-lay us a “ fecond time, and difpute every inch of the country to Annapolisj “ that we had better pufh on, and fecure that place before them, for “ that there was no other road for us, by which we could return to “ the fort.” — This fpeech was delivered fo clear, — with fuch em- phafis, and, as I faid before, expreflfed in the hearing of the men, who had a great opinion of this gentleman in particular, and of our other guides, on account of their knowledge of the country, as well as of the enemy, and their peculiar manner of making war ; that, after what had already happened, it would have been in vain to think 94. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. * 757 - think of purfuing other meafures; therefore it was agreed to move ber. forward with all expedition, and endeavour to get before the enemy : but, coming to a part of Barnaby’s river that branched out in two places, we eroded the left arm of it, and forced a read over a fteep lwampy hill, which, however, was fo deep, as to take us up to our knees, and it was with difficulty fome men could be pulled out of it, even with the lofs of their ffioes. By this courfe we ffiortened our road confiderably, and avoided that dangerous defile at the mills we had fo much apprehended. When we reached Commeau’s village, within eight or nine miles of our journey’s end, the ground being clear and open beyond ffiot (or reach) of any thickets, the wounded men we brought with us begged to have a halt, which was granted for half an hour; and, in this interim, we were agreeably furprifed with a fight of one of our Officers, (who had been a volunteer on this unlucky expedition) two guides, and eighteen of our foldiers, whom we had given up, concluding they were among the other fufferers at the place of aCtion ; this gentle¬ man told us, that, feeing thefe men fubmit to the influence of one of the guides who headed them, it occurred to him that it was not improbable but a way might be difeovered whereby to crofs Foret river higher up, and charge the enemy either in flank or rear, while we engaged them in front, and therefore took the command of this party; but, finding it impracticable to fucceed, and hearing the fire we made at the bridge, he haftened to our affiftance, fought his way over the pafs without any lofs, after giving the enemy who had returned there two regular fires on the top of the hill to the left; and, perceiving, by the lofs of blood from fome of our wounded men who were able to march with us, that we had directed our courfe homeward, he made the befl: of his way after us. We ar¬ rived at our garrifon, between five and fix in the evening, much harrafled (as may well be fuppofed) after a march of above thirty miles, without any refrefliment fince the preceding night j we did not 95 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. not meet with the leaft annoyance, though we neverthelefs took every D * 75 £ neceflary precaution. ber. Our lofs in this expedition amounted to one Captain, one Serjeant, and twenty-two rank and file, (fix of whom we brought back with us) befides twenty-four firelocks, fixteen bayonets, twenty-three car- touch-boxes, one drum, and a number of axes, hatchets, camp- kettles, &c. &c. It is difficult to afcertain what number of the enemy engaged us, but, by the weight of their fire, we conjecture they were not lefs than forty, or more than fifty; and, from feveral circumftances, we conclude they may have about twelve killed and wounded. It was an inconceivable mortification to us to leave fo many dilabled men behind us; but, alas 1 what alternative had we in our prefent fituation ? We were not prepared to lie out another night, and we were this day expedted at the garrifon we had nei¬ ther liquor nor provifions of any kind ; therefore, under fuch circum¬ ftances, and at this rigorous feafon, it might have proved a matter of fome difficulty to keep our foldiers fteady, or under difcipline : they feemed, from this day’s experience, to be fully convinced, that they were by no means a match for the rabble in the woods; the opinion of our guides, and others who accompanied us, feemed to have more weight than any thing their Officers could fay; fo that, in fuch a dilemma, there was an abfolute neceffity of returning to the fort as faft as poffible, to give our poor fellows time to recolledt them- felves. The Officers and volunteers exerted themfelves as much as men could do, and indeed the generality of the detachment behaved well ; fome, it is true, were reftlefs and fooliffi, but they were young, ftrangers to woods and bufh-fighting, and, as this was their firft bleeding, every allowance ought to be made for inexperienced fol¬ diers, efpecially when obliged to adt out of their own proper fphere. The wind changed laft night to the fouthward, which brought on ^tb. rain; to-day foft and mild, with intermittent fhowers and fun-fhine. This 9 6 historical journal. Decem¬ ber. i oth. nth. This morning the Serjeant of Hog ifland blockhoufe fent to acquaint the Commanding Officer, that he faw a canoe, with three of the enemy, crofs over from the north to the fouth ffiore, within lefs than two miles of the fort; whereupon a detachment of one Lieu¬ tenant, an Enfign, and fifty men were ordered out to fcour the country as far as Saw-mill creek : the greateft number of the privates of this detachment were volunteers, and the three Cadets accompanied them : after they had reached the orchards, the two Officers fubdivided their command, took different routes, and returned without feeing any thing, or making the lead difcovery; it is fuppofed the Serjeant might be miftaken in his intelligence, as there are frequently pieces of large timber feen floating up and down the river. Here follows an abftrad of this day’s Orders :-“A court of inquiry to fit this day, at eleven o’clock, in order to take an inventory of the late Cap- “ Pigou’s effects, &c. As the honourable Captain Maitland, u a °d the reft of the Officers of the party, have acquainted the Lieutenant-Colonel, that the men behaved extremely well yefter- “ da y on being attacked by the enemy, he takes this opportunity of “ returning them his thanks, and makes no doubt but they will “ always behave with bravery on every fuch occafion.” One of our grenadiers, who deferted his party on the 8th in- ftant, when attacked by the enemy, returned this afternoon, and was immediately confined. It froze a little laft night; to-day the weather is mild, with fun-fhine. l2th . A hard froft, and fome fnow fell; thick air, weather gloomy. 14th. Severe froft and fnow; yefterday a court-martial fat on the gre¬ nadier, for abfenting his command on the 8th inftant, when at¬ tacked by the enemy ; he was found guilty of cowardice, and I think the particular puniffiment, ordered for him, evinces great dis¬ cernment in the members of that court; their fentence ran thus « It 97 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ** It is the opinion of the court, that the prifoner * is a notorious 1757* “ coward, and they fentence him to ride the wooden horfe half t>er. ** an hour every day for fix days, with a petticoat on him, a “ broom in his hand, and a paper pinned on his back, bearing “ this infcription : Such is the reward of my merit.”—Which fentence was duly executed, to the inexpreffible mirth of the whole garrifon, and of the women in particular. Hard froft to-day, and the fnow is almoft knee-deep ; early this 15th. evening two of the enemy were leen on horfeback within gun- fhot of the fort ; they made no delay, but Ihewed themfelves, and rode off to the woods; in confequence whereof, orders were given to (hut the barriers earlier this night than ufual, and not to open the port, or let down the bridge, until after broad day-light in the morning, and even then, not until a patrole had reconnoitred the ditch and covered way round the fort. We were alarmed this night, between eleven and twelve o’clock, 16th. by two (hots, difcharged by the guard at Hog Ifland blockhoufe ; the main-guard being turned out, and the Commanding Officer apprized, he fent the Officer to the ramparts, to try if he could make any aifcovery towards the blockhoufe, who feeing another (hot fired, and immediately two daffies, as if from other firelocks that had miffed, and acquainting the Colonel therewith, he in- (lantly put the garrifon under arms, and ordered a twelve-pound (hot to be difcharged towards that quarter where the alarm was given ; a reconnoitring party, of an Officer and thirty men, were detached to fcour the environs of the fort, and to examine the guard at the blockhoufe; the Serjeant of which reported, that he and the Corporal fpied a light in a lanthorn, waving up and down * This poor fellow on many fubfequent occafions approved himfelf a remarkable gal¬ lant foldier, infomuch that I have heard his Captain (now a Field Officer) .fay, that, if he was ordered on any defperate fervice, he could wifli all his party as well to be de¬ pended upon. VOL. I. o the 98 ’ HISTORICAL JOURNAL. >757- the fhore, and two men, as they thought, creeping towards their ^ c o c m * ber. port i that thereupon he had two firelocks difcharged at the light, which was inftantly extinguifhed, for he could not difcern any thing afterwards the detachment ranged all the adjacent ground, and in the fpace of two hours returned to the fort, without mak¬ ing any difcovery. 17th. The alarm lafl night was occafioned by fome fellows of the town going to rob fome fith-ponds * (as they are called) within the precindts of the blockhoufe. 18th. The weather is changed to a cold thaw, and threatens us with a fall of rain or fnow; this afternoon a French and Englifh adver- tifement was put into a tin canifter, with two pens and an ink bottle; and the fame was tied to a pole with a white flag, and eredted upon Mayafs-hill j the contents of it were to offer a ran- fom of two hundred dollars (fifty pounds currency) for Mr. Ea- fon the Mafter-Carpenter, who was made prifoner on the 6th in- ftant; the enemy are defired to give an anfwer in fix days, con¬ veyed in the fame manner, with a red flag difplayed inftead of white : the Commanding Officer has paffed his word for the punc¬ tual payment of the money, and the greatefl: fecurity and honour to the perfon or perfons who (hall deliver the prifoner, and de¬ mand the ranfom. 20th. The weather fhowery thefe two days, and extremely cold. 23d. It freezes hard every night, fhowery and raw by day, with fharp winds j here follows an extradt of this day’s orders :—“ The “ Officer commanding the detachment of the Royal train of ar- “ tillery will be pleafed to make a weekly return every Monday ** morning to the Commanding Officer of the garrifon : the bar- * The principal inhabitants of the town have parcelled out the fhore or beach* and inclofed it, at low-water-mark, to a certain height, with flakes, and wickered hurdles, in fuch manner as to confine any fifh that may come in with the tide of flood ; and thefe are called fifh-ponds -> there is one that belongs to the Governor, or Commanding Officer for the time beingv ricK 99 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ rier to be (hut as foon as it is dark, and not to be opened with- * 757 - Decern “ out a Corporal and a file of men; the wicket bridge of the ber. “ main gate to be drawn up before the barrier is opened, and to “ remain fo until it is (hut again; the key of the barrier to be “ kept till nine o’clock at night by the Officer of the main-guard, ** who is then to fend it to the Commanding Officer, and like- “ wife to take particular care to obferve the orders in regard to “ fending patroles round the fort, before the main gate is opened, “ &c. &c.” The remainder of thefe orders relate to the ports allotted to the troops in cafe of an alarm, viz. one company to King George’s baftion ; one company to the Duke of Cumber¬ land’s; one to the Prince of Wales’s; one to Prince Edward’s ba¬ ftion ; and two companies (whereof the grenadiers are one) to be drawn up on the grand parade, as a referve; all the men of the different companies, who underftand the artillery exercife, are directed to draw up at the fame time before the quarters of the Of¬ ficer of that corps, with their arms, and to obferve his orders. Frofty weather and immenfely cold. 24th. The weather changed early this morning, and this has been a 25th. a day of conftant rain. Though we have no church here, we have neverthelefs divine fervice and a fermon every Sunday, in a fpacious apartment in the fort; this High Feftival was obferved here, as is cuftomary in the church of England ; and our Chaplain (who is moft laudably diligent in difcharging the duties of his function) gave us an excellent difcourfe fuitable to the day. The garrifon has been regularly ferved with fpruce beer fince our arrival here, which is to be continued; the Paymafter of the 43d regiment allures me, that this article brings in a revenue of twenty pounds currency in the fpace of nine days, which is above 8001. per annum ; and this is exclufive of what is expended by the Officers. We have had the moft whimfical weather for feveral days part:, 31ft. that ever was known in any climate ; and the inhabitants fay it is O 2 right IOO *757* Decem¬ ber. 3 75 8 - January. jft. ad. 3 * 4 th. 5 th. 6th. 7th. 8th. 9th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. right Nova Scotia weather; one day it will freeze hard, change towards night, and rain inceflantly for five or fix hours; this is fuc- ceeded by fnow, and afterwards by frofi:; let what wind will blow*, it rains, fnows, and freezes alternately from every point: and we are not many hours certain of our weather. Soft weather and gloomy at noon fell fome rain ; in the evening we were wrapped up in a thick fog. We had a great llorm of fhow to-day, which the wind laid in fome places above four feet in depth, and* in general, two feet t the drifts were fo thick, and the atmofphere fo dark towards noon* that our centinels could not difeover a floop that came in, until fhe had laid her broad-fide clofe to the quay; this continued till mid¬ night, then cleared up with the wind at north, and froze very hard. It began to thaw about ten this morning, at one o’clock fell fome rain, it continued dropping till night, and then it poured heavily. It blows hard to-day with frequent fhowers of hail and rain; at noon cleared up, froze hard, and exceeding cold with a high wind at N. W. A fevere frofi: lafi: night* this morning an agreeable fun-fhine, about noon a cold thaw with gloomy air, wh ich continued. A fmart frofi: this morning, and it was raw and cold until noon* then cleared up, and was mild and pleafant. A foft morning, came on heavy rain, and the weather open and warm; at night cleared away with a high wind, and it froze hard. Severe weather, hard frofi, blows frefh with the wind at N. W.. No alteration, except its falling little wind, with fome fhowers of fleet, and intermittent fun-fhine; we had pleafant fkaiting to-day, on fome low ground, which was overflowed by the late falls of fnow and rain; for thefe two days part, the cold has been incon¬ ceivably IOI historical journal. ceivably fevere, and furpaffes any thing I ever felt in the Nether- ^ 75 * lands. Cold and windy, with fome rain, which freezes as it falls; at * 2tlu noon a ftorm of fnow for three hours, then cleared up with a fmart -froft. Late laft night the weather changed to a heavy rain, and turned to a froft towards morning; to-day a pleafant fun-lhine, though the wind blows cold and frefh : it froze hard in the evening and con¬ tinued. Hard froft and fome Ihowers of fleet, with a cold wind. The fnow fell laft night to a great depth ; it blows hard to-day, and freezes with great feverity; notwithftanding the rigour of the feafon, the Gens de Bois are almoft every day hunting and {hooting on the oppofite fide of the river, even within the range of our guns} which fometimes provokes us to give them a {hot. The froft is now very intenfe indeed. The feverity of the air has a vifible effedl upon our candles, fo as to prevent their burning with the fame freedom, as in mildei feafons; the rigour of the feafon drives the cattle from the woods to feek for fodder, yet they are fo wild, that we cannot approach them; a Serjeant, Corporal, and fifteen men were detached this night in purfuit of them, but returned without any prize; an Officer was in readinefs in cafe it had been neceifary, to Tally out with the guard at the Cape blockhoufe, to reinforce the Serjeant. It froze, thawed, fnowed, rained, and froze again. Soft dropping weather to-day, fell heavy rain at night. Open weather, with rain; at noon a fnow ftorm; it froze hard at night. Moft fevere weather with an intenfe froft, and the fnow flies in thick drifts; the ground is become fo flippery that it is dangerous to ftir out of doors: the troops, throughout this province, are obliged to have recourfe to various expedients to prevent meeting with accidents by falling : fome by wearing coarfe ftockings over 14 th'. 16 th. 17 th. l8tlT. 24th. 25th. 26th. 27th. 291b. 102 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. January. their ihoes> with an addition al foie or two, of thick frize or other woollen cloath; fome wear moggofans; and others again ufe what are by us termed creepers *, which are an invention calculated for the hollow of the foot, that buckles on like a fpur; it is a fmall plate of iron an inch broad, with two ears that come up on both fides of the flioe between the ancle and inftep, with a ftud on each of them, for the leathers : from the two extremities are four Rout points turned downward, to the length of two thirds of an inch, which, by the weight of the perfon who wears them, are indented in the ice; this contrivance is actually neceffary, and prevents many fatal accidents. 3 February I think I may fay with great truth, I never felt any thing equal to the rigour of this feafon; one would be inclined to fufpedt, that a climate fo much upon extremes fliould not be healthy; however, the inhabitants here are remarkable for their longevity, and it is rare to hear of any perfon’s dying of acute diforders; the reader may obferve, that we have been in fome meafure prepared by many almoft infenfible gradations (as in other northern climates) which uiher in the intenfe and mod; fevere cold. I am credibly informed, that there are not any fettlements of the enemy nearer than fixteen or eighteen miles to our garrifon, and yet thefe fkulking wretches are fo amazingly hardy, that they fcarce pafs one day without fcouring the environs of this fortrefs, which they daringly make known to us by their repeated fignals, efpecially upon the arrival, or failing of a veflel, or of a detachment marching out: there is a fioop that came up to-day, who is bound to fort Cumberland with King’s ftores, &c. She has made many efforts to work up the bay, but from the quantities of floating ice, was as often compelled to put back; at length, finding it impracticable to get there, the fleered for the entrance of Annapolis, and came to an anchor in the bafon ~ Arc called da Grapins by the Frencb. between HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 103 between Goat Ifland and the Scots Fort * j he foon after fent his F ’758- boat a-(hore for fome wood and water, and, at their landing, two fignals were difcharged in the woods very near them, whereupon they inftantly took to their boat, and returned to their Hi ip : upon their report to the Matter, he prudently took the advantage of the tide of flood, and brought his floop up to the wharf. If thefe rabble could have lain quiet, they might have way-laid the two men, manned the boat, and feized the veffel, which would have proved a noble prize ; and it could have been accomphlhed without any danger, for there was only a cabbin-boy with the Matter on board; the confequences of fuch a capture, which would have put them in pofleflion of this navigation, mutt have been of the higheft prejudice to his Majefty’s garrifon. A Serjeant’s party, with two guides, went out this day, in order 3 d - to take off a dozen head of black cattle that appeared on Mayafs- hill; they took the lower road to the orchards, with an intent to get round to the lkirts of the wood behind them ; but the cattle were foon alarmed, and, inttead of turning that way to gain the cover, as was expedted, they directed their courfe a-crofs a fmall rivulet called Allen’s river, and got off to the weftward; the men could with eafe have (hot fome of them, but were rettrained by the Serjeant, in hopes that a more favourable opportunity might foon offer to furprife and take the whole: the party returned to the fort without making any difcovery, and reported, that they never faw fuch plenty of hares and partridges as the orchards and adjoining thickets now abound with. * So called from a fettlement of North-Britifti families who had refided there, but were unluckily routed from thence, fome years ago, by a numerous party of French and Indians; they had no fort, except an inclofure of palifadoes, with loop-holes for mulketry j and, not fufpe&ing any danger, fuffered themfelves to be furprifed. The I0 4 historical journal. February weat ^ er « changed to a foft thaw, and blows frelh; to- 4th. wards the evening we had a fall of fnow, with a fmart frofl:; and it continued uncommonly cold the remainder of the night. A great number of black cattle appeared this evening on Mayafs- hill, and this night three head of them ftrayed to the town and were taken. 7 * h ‘ We llad a great fall of fnow late in the night, clear weather to¬ day with fun-fhine, yet extremely cold; our Commanding Officer, accompanied by the Engineer, and efcorted by a Serjeant and twelve lank and file, went to Mayafs-hill, in order to reconnoitre fome ground which it is propofed to fence off with palifadoes; a block- houfe is alfo to be eredted there to awe the enemy, and fecure the in¬ habitants cattle from their depredations; if this fcheme fhould be executed, it will render the refidence of the troops, &c. much more agreeable, as our limits will be thereby confiderably en¬ larged. A hard frofl:, the atmofphere ferene, and the fun comfortably warm. It has been expedted that one hundred foldiers would be employed, (without a recompence being granted them for their labour, not to mention the rifle of their lives) in order to go into the forefls and cut down palifadoes, and other timbers, for the repairs of the fort and the conftrudh'on of the new fences; but the Commanding Officer could not be prevailed on to confent to it, though he promifed he would chearfully grant covering parties to protedt any artificers or other workmen that fhould be employed on that or any other duty, for his Majefly s fervice. 1 his being the cafe, the new works on the hill are likely to be poftponed ; and, if they were immediately to be put in execution, as the people of the town would benefit moft by the extent of ground that would be inclofed, and which would be in- flantly claimed, it was unreafonable to expedt that foldiers, who pay exorbitantly dear for fliirts, fhoes, and dockings, &c. &c. fhould be employed on fuch flaveries without any compenfation. With refped to the HISTORICAL JOURNAL. the works of the fort, there are artificers and others referved here in conftant pay, and under proper directors, to keep them in repair. As I have already more than once obferved, that the troops are obliged to pay extravagant prices for every European article they have occafion for, I think it will not be improper to particularife fome of them: and, in order to fet thefe matters in the cleared: light, I pro- pofe to draw a parallel between the prices here and what I could have bought the fame articles for in Ireland; I would fay in Britain, if I were acquainted with them ; but, for feveral years before I left Europe, the regiment was upon the Irifh Eftablilhment. N. B. The currency of a dollar in that kingdom is 4 s. 9 d. and 5 s. in this province , as has been obferved before. Articles. Prices Currency of Ireland. Cu " enc y In. Scotia and Prices. 3 Ordinary coarfe fhirts ■ — A better kind - -— Soldiers’ linnens per yard- Common woollen yarn ftockings Ordinary worfted jflitto ■ ■- Ordinary cheque linnens —— 3s. 6d. to 3s. 8 d.to 3s. iod. 4 s. 10 d. to 5 s. 8 d. I s. to 1 s. 3 d. II d. to 1 s. id. is. 6 d. to 1 s. iod. from 10 d. to i s. - 10 s. - from 2 s. 6d. to 3s. ■ 2s. 2d. to 2s. 6d. -3s. 6d *. to 3s. gd. -2s. 2d. to 2s. 6d. Befides the foregoing, they pay here is. 10 d. per lb. roll-tobacco ; and leaf from 10 d. to 1 s. Scots fnuff from 2 s. 6 d. to 3 s. per lb. Hard foap from iod. to 1 s. Lump fugar from is. 3 d. to 1 s. 6 d. Ordinary powder 10 d. Common brown fugar 6 d. Ordinary fmoking pipes from 4- to 1 d. each j and a better fort 1 d. to 2 d.-L each. Dutch pipes 6 d. Threads, needles, pins, tapes, flannels, coarfe woollen cloths, nails, bolts, locks, hafps, garden tools, with all manner of haberdafliery and ftationary wares, bear the fame pro¬ portions. The weather changed lafl: night to rain and fnow : to-day it blows hard, with a fevere frofl: ; more fnow fell towards evening. P A fmart *758- February. 10 th. 2 06 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Febary A fmart froft ’ clear weather > a ^d fun-fhine.—'Twenty-four men nth. are gone out to the woods to the right of Mayafs-Hill, in order to cut fire-wood for the garrifon : they have a covering-party of an Officer and thirty men,and the wood-cutters are obliged to take their arms and cartouch-boxes. This work is to be continued, whenever the weather will permit. * 5 th - Good fkaiting-weather; inconceivably cold. 17th. Gloomy weather, frefh wind, and the cold much more fevere than we have had it heretofore. 19th. A cold thaw thefe two days. 20th. A froft laft night, gloomy air to-day, wet weather and mild. 2,ft - A £ entIe fr °ft thi s morning after a great fall of rain * it cleared up, and proved a pleafant day. aad. Serene weather: it froze inconceivably hard laft night. Some dogs chaced a bullock out of the woods into the river from the north- fhore : a great fmoke is difeovered this evening between Goat Ifland and the Scots Port; we conclude the rabble are waiting to furorife a trader at anchor. F 23d. . We had a great fall of fnow laft night j. cold raw weather to-day j, in the evening and fore-part of the night another remarkable fall of fnow. 24‘h. This evening four bullocks (which, with others, had been ftolen from hence laft fummer) ftrayed fo near to the fort, that a Corporal and four men furrounded them, and drove them into the covered way. 25th. A good fire and indifferent fare are much more acceptable to us than a turtle-feafl without fuel. This day a floop arrived from Bofton with provifions, &c. By a letter from Colonel Mafkareen, late Go¬ vernor of this garrifon, to a gentleman here, we are informed the Commander in Chief has flopped all European letters at New-York that were brought by the packets. His Excellency the Earl of Lou¬ doun has tranfmitted an order to the feveral corps in North America, that, when an Officer dies, (of any rank whatfoever) he may be bu¬ ried HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 107 Tied with as little expence as poffible, and no fcarfs to be allowed to any perfon, except to the Clergyman ; moreover his Lordlhip or¬ ders, that no Officer whatfoever, whether recruiting with his regi¬ ment or otherwife, do wear any other cloaths than their regimentals or frocks *. Thefe orders were given out to put a hop to the ex¬ travagancies of many Officers, which they may unthinkingly com¬ mit, to the great prejudice, peradventure, of families, &c. in Europe. Lord Loudoun has alfo tranfmitted a propofal to the troops in this province, that, if the Officers chufe, they may have money in lieu oj provifions from the fore-keepers , at the rate offour fence per ration. The Commanding Officer has affured his Lordffiip, in the name of the Officers of the 43d regiment, that we cannot fubff without the Kings provifions , and therefore preferred taking them in kind to any fum of money whatfoever. Certainly, if we could fubfift without them, it would be abfurd to put the Government to an expence that is not incurred by the troops in Europe; but money alone will not fupport an army in the dreary uninhabited forefts of America, any more than it will in the inholpitable fandy deferts of Arabia. Before the arrival of this laft floop from Bofton, we were reduced to great ftraits in our manner of living, having nothing to eat, except the ftore provifions, and fometimes a little thin ftarved beef, much inferior to fome that I have frequently feen condemned and burnt publicly in well-regulated market-towns in Europe. In the times of the greateft plenty, which I have ever feen fince I came into the country, a foop made of the King’s peafe, with a piece of pork in it, compofed the principal diffi in our bill of fare; and, indeed, we fhould have made a very indifferent repaft without it. Our conflant drink, for thefe two months part, has been fpruce beer or bad cyder, qualified with as bad rum : wine we have almoft forgot the flavour 1758. February * This is a revival of an old landing order, publilhed by his Royal Highnefs the Duke of Cumberland, to the army in Flanders. P 2 of; io8 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1758. March iff. ofi roots, or any kind of vegetables, milk and eggs, we are intire Grangers to. This being the anniverfary of St. David, the fame was obferved by the Officers of this garrifbn, and the colours were hoifted : had we been blefled with Leeks *, we fhould greedily have converted them to a better ule than mounting them in our hats. This feafon is now inconceivably rigorous; but the fun is fo power¬ ful, that the froft and fnow begin vifibly to wear away. The wood¬ cutters and covering-party this day difcovered, on the fnow, the tracks of Rackets or Snow-fhoes, not far from their advanced cen- tries; and, as they led from the fhore to the woods, we conjecture the enemy came over in canoes on feeing our repeated fires there, either to reconnoitre what we are about, or, perhaps, with an intent to lay a fnare for our wood-fellers. ad. The weather gloomy, and the air milder than for feveral days paft: the working and covering parties were out to-day, and, purfuant to the Colonel’s orders, we beat the ground above half a mile round the place of cutting, and ported our centinels at a greater dirtance than ufual, to prevent a furprife : as it was expeCted we fhould be at¬ tacked, the Main and Cape blockhoufe guards were ordered to be in readinefs to furtain us, if it had been neceflary. — In the evening, when we were returning, the weather changed : we had a great fall of fleet, with a general thaw. 3 d. A hard froft with a cold bluftering wind at north-weft, and heavy drifts of fleet. * As I apprehend there are many people, as well ancient Britons or others, who are unacquainted with the true reafon of their wearing leeks on this day, it will not, I prefume, be unacceptable to my readers to be informed whence this cuftom is derived : “ On St. David’s day, in the year of our Lord 640, the WeKh, under their famous “ King Cadwallader, obtained a lignal vi&ory over the Saxons; and, the ground on “ which they fought bearing immenfe quantities of leeks, they, in -order to diftinguifh “ themfelves, mounted this vegetable in their hats, and it has been ever fince efleemed as a badge of honour,” Fine HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 109 Fine weather to-day, with a thaw, though it froze fmartly laft > 75 8 * . . March night. 5 th. The rigour of the feafon is not to be exprefled; it furpafles every 8 t h. thing we have yet met with for its feverity. Gloomy open weather to-day, and threatens rain. 9 th - Mild air, the atmofphere clear, with fun-lhine. 10th. Intenfe froft again, and the wind very cold ; in the evening it nth. thawed, and a great quantity of fnow fell, which continued in drifts for the remainder of the night. A gentle froft laft night j about noon it changed to rain, and con- 14th- tinued with great violence. Very rough weather with fome fnow, and exceeding cold ; wind 15th. north-weft. Dry blowing weather, with intenfe froft: it has been much colder 16th. thefe two days than we have had it this winter. This being the anniverfary of St. Patrick, the fame was obferved 17th. by all the garrifon with great chearfulnefs and good humour ; the colours were hoifted, and the foldiers, natives of Ireland, had one (hilling each advanced to them, the Britifti taking the guards for them, as is alternately pradifed on thefe feftivals. Late laft night it began to thaw, and this day we have the moft 19th. uncommon weather imaginable; there is little or no wind, and a fmall rain falls, which freezes as faft as it comes down : the ground is now fo crufted over, that it is very dangerous to ftir out of doors. In the evening we were relieved from this flippery fituation, by feveral (howers of fleet, followed by fnow. Froft and fnow. A little before the wooding-party marched out aotb. this morning, fome of the enemy came to Mayafshill with a Flag of Truce j but, the weather being hazy, and their flag rather fmall and ill-coloured, the centinels did not immediately difcern them, which they perceiving, inftantly firedtwo (hots. The Fort-Major then pufhed out at the head of the wooding-party with a napkin fixed to a pole, and no historical journal; March. an< * demanded their bufinefs. They feemed fhy, and unwilling to truft us; but the Major, advancing fingly, took off his hat, and wa¬ ved it towards them, to advance in like manner into the plain ; (for as yet they kept among flumps of . trees and uneven ground, where our people have been daily wood-cutting ;) upon which one of them came forward, and acquainted the Major, that they had not difco- vered our flag with the canifler (which was hung out on the 18th of December laft) until yefterday; that the written paper was fo defaced, it was not altogether legible; therefore defired to know what it had contained : on being told it was a propofal of two hun¬ dred dollars for the ranfom of Mr. Eafon the Mafler-carpenter *, whom they made prifoner on the 6th of December, he anfwered, that he fuppofed there could be no objection ; and requefted, that the form and terms fhould be again reduced to writing. This, he was told, fhould be complied with ; and, upon being ordered to wait for it, and the Major’s turning from him, he humbly intreated in the name of his party, that they might be fupplied with fome I’eau de •vie, (meaning brandy or rum) and fome tobacco, which were ac¬ cordingly promifed. In an hour’s time the paper was fent to them, with a bafket containing a few pipes, fome tobacco, one gallon of rum, fome cold meat and bifcuit ; for all which he feemed very thankful, yet neverthelefs anfwered evafively to the various queflions that were put to him. Being afked how foon we might expedl an anfwer, he replied, that their Commandant lived a great way from hence j therefore he could not pretend to fay, when an anfwer would be returned. We inquired the meaning of the tracks of rackets, which were difcovered fome days ago near the wooding-place : and * ' % * This poor man was not releafed until the reduflion of Quebec, in September 1759 : I met him there in the ftreet the day after we took pofleffion of that capital j he was in good health, though reduced very low by bad living; he affured me he never heard a fyllable of the propofal for a ranfom until that place had furrendered, when he was informed of it by fome of our Officers. he Ill HISTORICAL JOURNAL; he gave us to underftand, that, feeing conftant fires there, three or four of their people came down, merely to gratify curtofrty , and to fee what we had been doing. Thofe, whom I faw, were a raw, hardy, a&ive, yet mean fet of fellows, and as meanly cloathed : one of them had a firelock and cartouch-box of the 43d regiment, and another had a band and bowling to his hat of our foldiers’ lace. They were alked, how they could prefume to come before us with our lpoils about them ? To which, notwithftanding our hofpitality, they gave 710 anfwer than an impertinent Jhrag. We defired to be in¬ formed, what they did with all our prifoners, as well the wounded men, as the others that were not wounded. To this they replied_ * Gentlemen, we have a great way to go, and beg we may be per¬ mitted to depart; as to fuch of your people, who have fallen into our hands, we took as much care of them as we have done of our- felves.’ So faying, they once more thanked us for our civility, bid us adieu, and retired to the woods.-About noon the weather changed to rain and fnow alternately, which obliged the detachment to return to the garrifon: it continued fhowery until the evening; then the wind fprang up at north-north-weft, blew frefh, and froze hard. A fevere hard froft thefe two days, with a high wind at N. W. Gloomy weather; fome fnow fell this morning, which lulled the wind and foftened the air; it was mild for the remainder of the day. A fmart froft to-day, the atmofphere clear with fun-ihine, yet the air is cold. Mild weather, though rather inclining to froft than other wife ; fome dogs and cattle appeared this morning at the fkirts of the wood, beyond Mayafs-Hill : being Eafter-day, this folemn feftival was duly obferved. The weather ferene and pleafant this day, with a warm fun. High wind and heavy rain all this day. 1758. March. 2 2d. 23d. 25th. 26 tb. 27 »lkv It 112 * 75 *. March 29th. 30th. 31ft. April. I ft. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. It froze hard laft night; to-day it blows frefh and cold, with flying fhowers of fleet; it cleared up and was more moderate in the after¬ noon. Two fail of fhips were difcovered to crofs the bafon blow and run up Moofe and Bear rivers, which being unufual for Bri- tifh fhips, a boat, that had lately been fitted up, was fent down for intelligence, and to watch their motions. The boat returned, and brought up the Mafters of the two vel- fels ; they came from fort Cumberland, and are bound to Bofton; by them we are informed there is an embargo laid on all the ports of New-England, New-York, Halifax, &c. &c. we hear of great preparations for opening the campaign, that there are more troops expedted from Europe, and that the province of Maflachufet are railing a large body of provincials to co-operate with the re¬ gulars j the Mafters of thefe Hoops fay, that all is well at Cheg- nedto, and alfo at fort Edward and fort Sackville, where they have lately been : thefe men farther add, that it was reported at Bofton, that the particular department of the New-England troops , this cam¬ paign , would be the reduction of Canada ; this was matter of great mirth to us, and an Officer, who was prelent, humoroufly re¬ plied, And let the regulars remain in the different forts and garrifons , to hew wood and dig find, & c. then the French will be finely humbled in America. Some fnow fell laft night, yet the weather to-day is mild and pleafant; this morning a large fmoke was difcovered in the woods near the orchards, and, according to cuftom, the colours were in- ftantly hoifted, whereupon we could perceive the fire abated, and was, in a few minutes, gradually extinguilhed. The weather is exceeding cold, with flying fhowers of fleet and fnow ; this morning two fliots were difeharged on Mayafs-Hill, and a flag of truce was hoifted, upon which the Fort-Major, with an Officer and fifty men, marched out under a white flag : the enemy did not feem fo fhy as they were on the 20th ult. we de¬ manded of them their errand, and they aniwered, Fhey came to know HISTORICAL JOURNAL. u 3 know whether we would exchange prifoners with them ? They offered 1 758 - four men for the two Indians, viz. Clare and Anfelm Thomas, (as Apn1 ’ mentioned under the 17th of Odtober laft;) the perfons who ap¬ peared to us were the father and another brother of the two captives, with a Frenchman; but we could difcern there were others in the fkirts of the woods, at a diftance behind them: the old Sachem was told, that we had heard he was dead, being (hot by an accidental party of our people, who were ignorant of the parti¬ culars of his own and his family’s cafe and refolutions, &c. to which he replied, there was Efficient caufe for fuch a rumour, but that he himfelf was mod culpable. Upon this we interrogated him, and related to him what we had heard of the matter ; to which he anfw'ered—* It was not fo, for he was actually, at that time, with an Englifh party ; that he grew diffident of their fince- rity, and, being fuddenly feized with a panic, he flipped behind them, with an intent to make his efcapethat the Englifh turned about and fired at him, which he avoided by falling proftrate on the ground, and from thence he fuppofed our people might have thought he had been killed.’—This Chief appeared to be an ho¬ ned:, chearful, well-looking old man, much refembling his daugh¬ ter, though of a fwarthier complexion :—he was meanly drefleJ, and not at all like an Indian ; his fon, who had alfo a good open countenance, was habited quite in character, with a turban on his head, adorned with an extravagant number of beads and feathers of various colours, which thefe creatures much affedl, and are very fond of: they were told, that Clare * and Anfelm * were both well at Halifax; upon this they took leave of us, retired to the woods, and made fires for themfelves; our party returned to * We have been fince informed, that the Squaw and her brother died at Halifax of the fmall-pox, a diforder very fatal to the Indians, who have fo great a dread of it, as to be intirely dilheartened upon the firft fymptoms, and cannot be prevailed on to ufe any means for their recovery. We had no knowledge of their deaths on the firft of April. CL the ii 4 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Ap 5 riJ ^° rt ’ An ^ 0ur ** carce e l a pfed, when the enemy appeared a fecond time on the hill, waving their flag, which obliged the Fort-Major and his party once more to march out; being defired to anfwer precifely what bufinefs they came upon, the Frenchman (or rather Canadian, which, by the multiplicity of buttons on his coat, and his leathern cue to his hair, he feemed to be) replied— * to fee if you will barter with us for our furs, and give us to¬ bacco and L’eau de Vie in exchange.’ The Major told him we would neither traffic nor carry on any correfpondence with his Majefty’s enemies. We converfed near an hour with them, and the Indians exprefled an inclination to come into the fort, and, we believe, would have been prevailed on, were it not for the great influence their French companion feemed to have over them : we inquired if this party did not belong to the fame people who came to us on the 20th ult. to treat for Mr. Eafon ? The Frenchman flrft pretended ignorance of that bufinefs, tho’ he afterwards con¬ tradicted himfelf, and was obliged to confefs it j being afked by a gentleman of Annapolis what was become of that monjler of cruelty Le Loutre the Prief , faying, ‘ he has more fins to anfwer for, than all the Acadians put together,’ the other replied_* they had a different opinion of him, and hoped he was fafe and well in France*:’ Colonel James invited thefe people to come into the fort and * I faw Monfieur Le Loutre a ftate prifoner at Elizabeth-caftle in the ifland of Jerfey, in the year 1762, where he was allowed one (hilling per day by the Government: but this was fhort of what he expended at the futtling-houef in that garrifon, for he lived very luxurioudy ; to fupport which, he regularly drew upon London for twelve pounds fterling per month, and his bills were duly honoured ; he left a moll remarkable chara&er behind him in Nova Scotia for inhumanity, infomuch that a centinel who had been placed over him (and had formerly the misfortune, when in a regiment Rationed in that country, of being his prifoner, and was miraculoufly preferved from being fcalped alive, to which cruel fate he had been doomed by this fame Prieft, who marked him with a knife round the forehead and pole, in order to ftrip off the intire fcalp) and, recolle&ing his face, unfixed his bayonet, with an intent, as he undauntedly confefTed, to put him to death, bad he not been, with the greateft difficulty, prevented from executing what he called ajuji HISTORICAL JOURNAL. i, 5 and furrender, alluring them of generous treatment, adding, “ we I 75 8 * have all kinds of provifions and rum, and you fhall have the fame Apn ' allowance with his Majefty’s troops :’ Monfieur politely thanked him, faid they were in want of provifions, and that he would impart our kind offer to the reft of his friends. Upon their de¬ parting, the Fort-Major, by order, told the Frenchman, * that, at prefent he and his companions were quite fafe, for that we fhould always pay due honour to a flag of truce ; but, for the fu¬ ture, they muft not prefume to appear on trifling errands, except they fhould come determined to furrender, or to bring Mr. Eafon the Mafter-Carpenter to be ranfomed, otherwife they might be allured we fhould treat them as enemiesthe Major farther added, ‘ that we took very ill their making fires in the woods within the precinfts of our garrifon, and that it was highly impertinent :* to which the fellow replied, * it was the favages,’—and pertly fubjoined this old trite evafion, * we cannot be accountable for the conduct or actions of the Indians.’ This morning, between eight and nine o’clock, two fhots were 2d. fired on the oppofite fide of the river, which attracting the atten¬ tion of our centinels, they difcovered a large party marching from the woods towards the fhore; the Officers having dark-coloured cloaks, and the foldiers brown watch-coats on them, at the fame time the weather being remarkably hazy, fo that they could not eafily be diftinguifhed, by the naked eye, from the enemy; we were a little alarmed, and the artillery Officer received orders to difcharge all the guns he could bring to bear on them, with grape- fhot ; but the Commanding Officer, fortunately coming out with a perfpeClive, difcovered them to be an Engliffi party, and inftantly, a juji vengeance on him. This foldier’s refentment was fo great, and he appearing be¬ fore the Commander in Chief of the ifland fo determined, that it was thought necefi'ary to remove him to England, and exchange him into another corps. 0.2 as 116 HISTORICAL JOURNAL, Aprif aS ^ is orders were read y t0 be executed, he countermanded them; the Adjutant was immediately fent over, and foon returned with a Captain of the 43d regiment, who, with a Lieutenant, Enfign, and iixty rank and file, had been detached from fort Edward, in order to efcort our Engineer thither, on his way to Halifax, whence he is to proceed with the army to Louifbourg * ; this com¬ mand left their garrifon on the morning of the 28th ult, and the Officers compute that they have marched about one hundred and twenty miles; they met with feveral habitations of the enemy, and about ten or a dozen flraggling Frenchmen, in different parts of the country, who, on firfl difcovering our people, and fo un¬ expectedly from that fide of the province, ran off, as if terrified, and hid themfelves : for, fuch a vifit being (I am told) almofl un¬ precedented, they were not prepared, efpecially as they could not be certain but there might be other detachments out, either before, the better to fecure the defiles, and thereby reinforce the party; or elfe behind, in order to execute fome fecret fervice, perhaps to their utter extirpation from the country. The Acadians did not appear armed, and the Captain, being ordered to make the beft of his way to this garrifon, without any unneceffary delays, took no notice of them, efpecially as they did not prefume to moleft him. In point of weather, our vifitors were very fortunate; for, before the laft of them could be ferried over the river, there came on the rnofl violent ftorm of fnow that ever I faw, which blew about in fuch clouds, that the oldefi: people here exprefs the greatefl fur- prife at it; before night it was fo deep as to obfcure our win¬ dows, and then our foldiers were all turned out with fhovels and lights, in order to make communications throughout the fort, and to clear the batteries, centry-boxes, and ramparts; though every * Could they not wait for the relief of the 28th regiment, which is fhortly to take place, in order to join the army upon the fame expedition ? That corps being to be re¬ lieved by a detachment from this garrifon and fort Edward, conlequently the tranlports mufi put in here, before they can proceed to fort Cumberland, man HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 117 man off duty was employed, this was a work of fome hours, and and, had it been negle&ed, we Ihould all have been barricadoed in our houfes before morning.—We had the fatisfa&ion to receive many European letters by this detachment, being the firft lince we failed from Ireland: we learn that General Abercromby is appointed Commander in Chief, and is to condudt an army that is to aft by the lakes;-that Major-General Amherft and Amiral Bofcawen are to command an expedition againft Lou¬ ilbourg, and that the Colonels Lawrence, Wolfe, Monckton, and Whitmore, are appointed Brigadiers upon this fervice; all the Lieutenant-Colonels of regulars, ferving in North America, are pro¬ moted to Colonels, in order to give them the rank of the Colonels of militia, or provincial regiments: we are farther allured, that one French Ihip of war, and feveral tranfports with troops and ftores that were bound to Louilbourg, have been intercepted by Admiral Coates; that Sir Charles Hardy is arrived at Halifax, and Commodore Durell at New-York; moreover that Admiral Bofcawen was daily expe&ed at Chebudto with the following fleet, on board of which are feveral regiments from Britain and Ireland. The gentleman who has tranfmitted this lift from Ha¬ lifax fays, that the Ihips he has marked thus * are now in that harbour, and are going off diredlly to Louilbourg under Sir Charles Hardy, viz. The Namure Royal William Princefs Amelia Invincible Burford * Northumberland * Terrible The Orford Devonfliire Lancafter Somerfet Bedford * Captain Pr. Frederic This account adds, that four other capital Ihips were arrived at New-York, which would join the reft in a little time. The York * Defiance * Kingfton Nottingham Prince of Orange Centurion * Sutherland. Frigates. 118 1758. April. 3J- 5 th - 6 th, historical journal. Frigates.—Diana, Nightingale, and * Boreas. Nineteen other frigates, (loops, bombs, &c. are expefled to ar¬ rive with the Admiral. It is faid the Earl of Loudoun is gone back to England, and that Webb' S ^ ? harkS Hay a " d H0pf0 ”’ With CoIonel Webb, will return by the next opportunity. , T he . ram a r athcr aS • vefterda >'> with a hi gh wind 1 the drifts are fo thick and heavy, as to exceed all defcription, and Hill the air is ...conceivably cold. All the men off duty are employed ,0 fcour the foffe round the for, and covered way, and JJLr the ftow hom the mf.de of our for,refs; an efcort is to proceed from hence tone ea of this river with the detachment from fort Edward at their return; this is by General Hopfon's orders. In the evening we had feme (bowers of fleet and hail, with a fevere froil- it fieezes hard at one hour, and the next it rains, then fnows, 'and . aIternate *y> which is fucceeded by fleet and hail, and again it clears up, and turns to a froft. Cold and wet thefe two days, with fome light (howers of fnow; the ficklenefs of the weather, in this climate, is beyond all con It froze hard lad night; to-day it is dear and pleafant, with a gratefully warm fun : an old bark, or flat, which has lain here for years, like a wreck on the (here, has been repaired for the fervice of the garnfon, and this morning the detachment from fort Edward eroded the river on their return; they were accompanied by the Enf’ ee ‘k Z “ ete °" ° f °" C Captain ’ tWO one gn, beiides Serjeants, Drummers, and eighty rank and file, they took five day s prov.fions with them, and three horfes to carry them, which is a great eafe to our poor foldiers; the ef¬ fort is to convoy the others to the head of this river, and then to return. v A com^ ii9 1758 - April. was ordered to light feveral didindt fires, in different parts of the country, to amufe the enemy, and draw their attention from the detachments on the north fide : moreover, if we diould meet a party of the enemy under a flag of truce, and could perceive that Eafon was not among them, we were to convince them effectually, that we would not be amufed or impofed on by their trifling arti¬ fices. At our fetting out, the Serjeant of the Cape blockhoufe fent to acquaint the Colonel, that he had feen a fire, late laft night, in the orchards, to the left of Mayafs-Hill; but this was a mil- take, for we fcoured all thefe grounds and the adjoining thickets, and did not difcover the flighted: veffige of man or beaft, in this whole day’s tour; at the high ground on the fouth fide of Saw-mill creek, we left a Serjeant and twelve men, with orders to make a great fire: from thence we proceeded with the remainder to Bar- naby’s Mills, but avoided the defile, by keeping away to the right; there we found the country almoftopen, except at particular places, where a thicket of fpruce-trees and bullies was left Handing. About three miles above the mills we made our fird fire, as there was a kind of opening to the north fide of the river ; this is about fifteen miles from Annapolis. In our return we took poffeffion of the copfe, on the eminence that commands the pafs at Barnaby’s Mills, where we found fome logs of timber, laid in fuch manner as to ferve for a bread-work, which covered the road and fording-places of the river; as we had not any thing to apprehend here (for we had every advantage of fituation) we pulled down the enemy’s pa¬ rapet works, and made a noble fire of them, by the afliflance of fome fmaller HISTORICAL JOURNAL. A command from the fecond battalion of the Royal Americans, who are at Halifax, will meet the Engineer at fort Edward, and condudt him thither. As foon as thefe detachments had eroded the river, a party of two Subalterns and fifty men were ordered out on this fide, to proceed as far as they could, fo as to be able to return to the fort, by clear day-light in the afternoon: the Officer who commanded 120 HISTORICAL journal. April. ^ ma ^ er wood; and between this place and our garrifon we made four other fires, and arrived in the evening about fix o’clock, not a little fatigued, for the fnow was very deep and heavy. A foldier has been miffing thefe four days paft, and as we cannot get any tidings of him, we apprehend he has either drowned him- felf, or deferted to the enemy. This morning Mr. Thompfon, the Matter of the Eagle fchooner, of Bofton, arrived here in his boat with his crew : he was coming down the bay from fort Cumberland, bound to fort Edward with liquors and provifions; and on the 2 d inft. .in the great ftorm we had here, his veffel was drove on ttiore about five leagues to the weftward of La Haute ifle, where ffie ftuck fo faft that ffie could not be got off; finding all their efforts infufficient, they put a-ihore in their boat, and marched a confiderable diftance a-crois the country, in hopes to reach this garrifon; but, coming upon the tracks of moggofans, and fome fnow-fhoes, they thought it would not be fafe to proceed farther, and therefore refolved to return to their boat and tide it here; Mr. Thompfon reports, that, about four leagues, on this fide the place where his fchooner lay, he faw fix of the enemy on the ttiore, who, on difcovering the boat, fired feveral iignal ffiots up in the air, and he is apprehenfive left his veffel may have fallen into their hands; his cargo confifted of one hundred and fifty barrels of beef and pork, fifty calks of flour, and feveral calks of rum, wine, and cyder, befides many articles of value, for the Officers at fort Edward. This unhappy man farther informs us, that on the 29th of March, between the hours of eleven and twelve at night, a party of Frenchmen, about forty in number, came down and attacked his, and another fchooner, and a Hoop, as they lay at anchor in the creek, at fort Cumberland; that they boarded them, and charged the failors, at their peril, to make no alarm, affuring them they ffiould have good quarters; however, the ew-England men, feeling bold (according to their own phrafe) and not caring to truft them, took to their arms, and engaged them (though I 21 HISTORICAL JOURNAL being alarmed, a detachment immediately Tallied out, which the French perceiving, retired to their canoes and got clear ofF, before our people could come up with them: in this Ikirmilh, the Mafter of one of the veffels, with two Tailors, were killed on the fpot, and one was (lightly wounded : the enemy left none behind them, but in the morning after, by the quantity of blood that was found be¬ tween the creek and the place where their canoes lay, it appears that Tome of them were wounded. On the morning preceding this adventure, a large party of regulars and rangers were detached to¬ wards Chepordie-Hill, where they made feveral women and chil¬ dren prifoners, and deftroyed many houfes ; as they did not difcover any men in thofe parts, it is conje&ured that it was the owners of thefe habitations who were engaged in the attempt upon the veffels at the creek. One of the French women, feeing her children feized by a ranger, knocked him down, which another refenting, grafped his tomahock (or fmall hatchet) and would inftantly have laid her head open, had he not been prevented by a regular Officer: Thompfon adds, that this detachment returned the day following to the fort with their captives and fome cattle, and that what they could not bring off they killed and threw into the flames of the houfes they had let fire to; that the Officers were in raptures with that part of the country where they had been, and are of opinion, by the appearance of the enemies fettlements, that they are very numerous, and live more comfortably, than they could poffibly be l'uppofed to do, in their precarious fituation. Our weather is now extremely fevere; the efcort, that marched with the detachment on the 6th inftant, returned this morning, after an expedition of an hundred miles ; they difcovered many tracks thro’ the country, and feveral of the enemy on the fouth fide of the river : the Officers fay, that they believe the rabble expected they would have crofled over above, and returned by Renne Foret, which might be the reafon of their being on the fouth fide before Vox.. I. R them; 122 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. AprH* t ^ iem > however, the Captain difappointed them, kept the north fide of the river, and made a forced march, by which he brought all his party fafe and well to their garrifon. Two Officers are order¬ ed to hold themfelves in readinefs to go by the next opportunity to • the continent, on the recruiting fervice. ioth. The weather milder to-day, with fome fhowers of rain. nth. The Endeavour fchooner, of Bofton, arrived this day with ordnance ftores: the Mafter informs us, that Major Rogers had been lately on a fcouting party byond fort Edward towards lake George; that they were met by a body of near feven hundred, moftly Indians, whom they attacked and twice routed; hut the enemy, upon being purfued, finding our party fo much inferior to themfelves in number, rallied and renewed the fight with fuch vigour, that our partifan was at length obliged to retreat with the lofs of near fixty men and Officers j Mr. Rogers’s detachment con- lifted of one hundred and eighty fighting men, among whom were many volunteers, both Officers and Cadets from the regulars and, before he ventured on the purfuit, the enemy loft near two hundred men, forty of whom he fcalped on the fpot; fome of the regular Officers are prifoners. 14th. Weather open and warm to-day, with fun-lhine; a fire was dis¬ covered this morning in an old barn on the oppofite fide of the river, about three miles from hence; it was there our detachment lay, on the night of the 8th inftant, after efcorting the other to the head of the river on their march to fort Edward. An advertife- ment of a late date having appeared in fome news-papers brought by the laft veflel, ordering all the recruiting parties belonging to the regiments who are quartered in Nova Scotia to repair forth¬ with to their refpedtive corps, the two Officers who were under orders to proceed from hence, by the next opportunity, upon that fervice, are in confequence thereof countermanded. 15th. Fine weather to-day with fun-fhine, and was fo fuddenly warm that the odious infedt, muiketa, has made its appearance for the firft: time* HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 123 time, though, as yet, it cannot give us any great annoyance ; a Jgjj- detachment embarked this afternoon, on board of the Endeavour fchooner, and failed in queft of the Eagle fchooner, ftranded the 2d inftant oft' La Haute Ille j this command confifted of a Captain, Lieutenant, Enfign, three Serjeants, one Drummer, and fixty rank and file •, feveral Officers went volunteers on this cruife, which, with the Eagle’s crew, augmented the whole to eighty fighting men : they mounted in their veflel fix fwivels, four wall-pieces, and two cohorns (or Royals) and had a large quantity of ammuni¬ tion, and one week’s provifions. Fine weather to-day, the air extremely fultry; the fun has 16th, fuch power, that the fnow begins to wear away, and the grafs and weeds to ffiew their heads, fo that we are now regaled with the root Dandelion *, whofe leaves make a good falad, and are equal to endives; or, if boiled, eat as well as lpinage ; this may be fup- pofed to be highly acceptable to men who have been ftrangers to every kind of vegetable for feveral months paft. The enemy have got many fires about the old barn on the north fide of the river (about three miles from hence -,) they began yefterday in the evening, and continued until two o’clock this morning, when, their fires flack- ening, they then renewed them, and they have continued burning ever fince : we apprehend from hence, and fome ffiouts that were heard by the guard at Hog Ifland blockhoufe, that the Eagle fchooner and her cargo have fallen into their hands, and that they are entertaining themlelves with the excellent chear which they got on board. ‘ 7 ^ Mild weather j the wood-cutters and covering party went out to-day; at noon they were compelled to return, by a violent ftorm coming on, both of wind and rain, with moft formidable thunder and lightning ; the claps were fo loud, that one would imagine the gunners were difcharging all the ordnance round the fort. * This is corrupted from the French words Dent de Lion , in Engiifti, Lion s-tooth , when it flowers, it is not fit for ufe, being difagreeably bitter. R 2 We 124 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Apr!!' We had a dreadful ftorm all laft night; to-day it freezes hard, 18th. with drifts of fhow, and is exceeding cold. This evening arrived the Phoenix floop from New-York, with the King’s ftores and provi- hons for the garrifon of fort Cumberland ; the Mailer put into the bafon of this river; on feeing bad weather and foul wind gather- ing, and having there difcovered fome fires and canoes on the north ihore, he worked up to the wharf for greater fafety. 19th. A fmart froft laft night, and the weather gloomy to-day, with a fevere wind. 20th. Fair weather, and the cold lefs rigorous; this afternoon the Endea¬ vour fchooner returned from her unfuccefsful cruife, in fearch of the Eagle fchoone, which, with her cargo (it is conje&ured) has fallen into the enemy’s hands, for they could not find her; the Endeavour narrowly efcaped being daihed to pieces againft a cliff, on the fouth fide of the bay, which, by the darknefs of the morn¬ ing, and the hazinefs of the weather, they did not difcover, until the veifel’s bowfprit ftruck againft the rock, it was not however broke, though it was curved; this was early on the 18th, the wind blowing hard at north, with a mountainous fea. The poor New-England feamen, according to their cuftom, were going to prayers, and ready to refign themfelves to providence; but our fol- diers, by the example of their Officers, exerted themfelves very fpiritedly, and clawed her off; there was not any thing elfe re¬ markable in this expedition, and the detachment was immediately difembarked. aid. Mlld feafonable weather thefe two days, mornings and evenings raw and cold, with fogs. Yefterday, being in company with fome of the inhabitants, I was told, that, when the French were fettled m this town and neighbourhood, though the better fort of them generally behaved with tolerable decency, yet the poorer fort, being employed as fervants and workmen, took frequent occa¬ sions (which however never paffed unpuniffied) of being imperti¬ nent. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 125 nent, in difplaying the fruits of the good education they had re- J75?- ceived ; for, in driving a team of oxen, if an Officer, or other Apnl * Britiffi fubjedt, paffed them in the ftreet or road, they ioftantly called out to their cattle, by the name§ of Luther, Calvin, Cromnere (meaning Cranmer) &c. and then laid moft unmercifully on the poor beafts with their whips or clubs, as if they had in reality got thefe eminent men under their hands. Showery, warm weather, with thunder and lightning, and the air 23d, thick and foggy ; a bear was this day chaced out of the woods by fome dogs belonging to the enemy ; he took to the river, and, at¬ tempting to fwim a-crofs, was drowned; the enemy fired three fhots at him from their cover, but we could perceive their balls did not reach. Dry gloomy weather ; the companies are out at exercife as often 25th. as the weather will permit; this is the firft day of our burning powder, and, as foon as the platoon firing began, the enemy from an eminence weftward of Babynot’s-Hill (and Allen’s river which runs between them) fet up their war-fhout, and continued it for fome time; this piece of infolence was committed within a mile of the fort. Wet and dirty, difagreeable weather; a white dog fwam a-crofs 27th. Allen’s river, and deferted from the enemy to us; we have given him the name of Tripon, for his infidelity to his late matters; at twelve o’clock this night, a floop arrived from Bofton; the Matter informs us, that feven others are following him, and four are gone to fort Edward to bring the detachment from thence, and carry them up the bay, to relieve the 28th regiment. Seafonable weather; fome of the tranfport floops are arrived, 28th. and the reft are hourly expedted. The remainder of the tranfports are arrived ; Mr. Prodtor, the 29th. Agent, and Mr. Winflow, the Commiftary, came paficngers; by them Aprif' ^ iem we are informed, that one company will remain at fort Ed¬ ward, and the other three, with the like number from hence, are to relieve the 28th regiment at fort Cumberland*, who are to pro¬ ceed with the army on the expedition to Louifbourg ; that three companies are to remain here, and that the Major will be fent by the next opportunity to command this garrifon. This intelligence is not only a great difappointment, but an unfpeakable mortifica¬ tion to the 43d regiment, thus doomed to an unfoldierlike and inadlive banijhment: the caufe of this hard fate, we are told, was in con- fequence of orders to the Commander in Chief from England, ** that one intire regiment fhould garrifon Annapolis Royal, and “ the other forts in this province and his Excellency made choice of the 43d for this fervice, on the foie account of their be¬ ing the moft complete as to numbers, and the youngefl corps in Nova Scotia. This evening arrived from Halifax, but laft from Bofton, his Majefty’s floop Hawk, as convoy to the tranfports. 30th. Raw cloudy weather, with fome rain; Mr. Commiffary Win- flow favoured me with the following diftribution of the forces in North America, for the fervice of the year 1758. * See the note on Louifbourg, under the 2d inftant, with regard to a detachment being fent a-crofs the province forjour late Engineer. The HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The army intended to adt on the fide of the lakes, under Ma¬ jor-General Abercromby, Com¬ mander in Chief. _ . Num- Regiments. bers. 27th 647 42 d II52 44th 9 6 3 46th 66 5 55 th . 68 3 lit battalion of the Royal"! American detachment J Royal Artillery — Officers of the whole - Provincials 8000 Savages under Sir William") Johnfton — J The army intended for the reduction of Louilbourg, under Major-General Amherft. d • , Rum- Regiments. b ers. ift 854 15th 763 17th - — 660 22d 910 28th 627 40th — — 655 45th 852 47th 856 48th 932 58th 615 Lawrence's 7 6oth 814 Monckton s \ 925 78th Highlanders 1084 35th Detachment 565 Royal Artillery - Officers of the whole - Rangers (five companies) - Total Total Army intended againil fort Du Quefne and the Ohio country, under Brigadier-General Forbes. A detachment of the iff) battalion of the 60th J ^4 77th Highlanders 1010 Three additional companies 274 Royal Artillery - Officers of the whole - Provincial troops about 4000 Troops to remain in Nova Scotia, under Brigadier-General Monckton. Detachments under arti-"j cles of capitulation J 43d regiment — 690 Other detachments from") troops going to Louif- /*— bourg — J Officers of the whole —— A company of rangers 100 Total Total A. Mr. 128 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ApS Mr> Pro 22 Ditto Elizabeth 160 "§ rf in 25 Ditto Merry Meeting Scarborough 300 280 25 Ditto *“1 30 Ditto Endeavour 200 2. 30 Ditto Sea-flower 88| 180 rT 23 Ditto Wilmot 6ol 82* 200 in r+ 25 Schooner Dolphin 220 O 20 Ditto ( Race-horfe 4 11 ri. ■+ 3 °o CJ r> 25 36 In confequence of the intended redudtion of the forces of this gamfon, the ftore-keeper (of provifions) balanced accounts with the Officers to the fatisfaftion of all parties. N. B. Six women per company, per regiment, were vidrualled in like manner and proportion as the foldiers are, from the day the regiment embarked in Ireland, until the middle of December laft, at which time they were ftruck off by order of Major-General Hopfon. May 1 ft. I have now done with the weather for the prefent, except fame very . . uncommon alteration Jhall happen which may deferve particular attentioni and, as lam informed the winters in this province ad¬ mit of much variation, my intention is to renew my diary of the 'weather on thefirjl day of November next, and continue it with the fame punctuality as has been hitherto obferved. . ThrC< ; ° f ° Ur com P an ies embarked to-day, and fell down the river; the Colonel embarked in the evening; he is to command fix HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 129 fix companies and a detachment of rangers at fort Cumberland; * 75 8 - upon his ftepping into the boat he was faluted with eleven guns, ac¬ cording to the cuftom of mod garrifons abroad. Our prefent force of every rank, including the detachment of Royal Artillery, amounts to two hundred and twenty-five men : and, if occafion fliould re¬ quire, we can be reinforced with about feventy artificers and others from the town. The tranfports failed to-day, and the Haw floop of war came up 2J. to the wharf to clean; at ten o’clock this night, as fome of the town’s-people were fiffiing in their ponds, they were near being fur- prifed by fome of the enemy in a canoe, whom we conjecture to have been laying night lines on the north ffiore; and, perceiving a light which our people had with them, they had the prefumption under cover of a thick fog to make towards it, but were luckily difcovered, and obliged to put off haftily to prevent an alarm j it is fufpeCted they were defirous to take a prifoner, in order to procure intelligence of our prefent ftrength, as the failing of fo large a de¬ tachment from hence could not efcape their vigilance. Some Frenchmen were feen this morning on horfe-back riding 3d. down towards Babynot’s-Hill, from cape Mayafs, which is a little to the eaftward of it : they came to take a view of the foundation that has been laid for a new blockhoufe, for the protection of the cattle belonging to the government’s teams, and to the inhabitants j thefe fellows made no delay, not chufing to trufi: themfelves in fuch open ground : after gratifying their curiofity, they galloped off very precipitately. A covering party went two miles off to-day, to cover fome work- 5 th. men who are digging fand, in order to finifh a cafemate and fome other works in the fort; our duty is now become fmart on the Officers and foldiers; we are on guard every other night, and by day we are employed either in cutting fire-wood, or digging fand. Vo l . I, S' When HISTORICAL JOURNAL. When the covering party were out to-day, fomp dogs rufhed down the hill on the oppofite fide of Allen’s river, and were immediately called off; one of the centinels gave the alarm by firing at them ; the men ftood to their arms, and the artificers retired behind them; our fituation was too advantageous for the rabble to venture to at¬ tack us, and we were rather too diftant from the range of their fhot: we whiffled and called to their dogs, hoping to provoke them to quit their cover; and the party gave them three cheers, but it was all to no purpofe; at length, finding they would not comedown from their amfbufh, the workmen returned to their work, and the detachment continued under arms for the remainder of the day. [The fand-pit was on the upper declivity of a hill, and the covering party on the eminence behind them ; at the bottom was a pleafant vale, watered by the river before-mentioned, which ran fepentine : and on the oppofite fide, at fome diffance, was a very fteep hill, covered with trees and under-wood. Late laft night arrived a floop from fort Cumberland, with the Major of the 43d regiment, who is to take the command of this garnfon : to-day, at his landing, he was faluted with eleven guns, which were anfwered by the fwivels of the floop, in which he took his paffage. The tranfports with the 28th regiment came to an anchor in the bafon; the wind, being contrary, obftruds their pur- fuing their voyage. Several reprefentations have been made of the ruinous condition of the fortifications of this garrifon, the infuffi- ciency of the number of troops here to defend it, the neceflity we are under of fending parties almoft two miles off to cut fire-wood, and of our' foldiers being obliged to carry it that great length of way, at the rifk of their lives; the prefling neceflity we are un¬ der of forwarding the King’s works ; and that we have neither flats, boats, barges, fchooner or other veflel, on the river, by which to protedt the navigation ; or, if inverted, to inable us to detach ad¬ vice to any other fort or garrifon in the province: and, laftly, that ©ur Paymafter has not money fuflicient to fubfift the regiment for * the HISTORICAL JOURNAL. i 3 t the enfuing mufter.—Two young gentlemen who left Europe with the 43d regiment, in order to ferve as volunteers, marched with the detachment from hence that efcorted the Engineer to fort Ed¬ ward, on the 6th of laft month : their intention being to proceed with the army to Lou fbourg, they were efcorted to Hal fax by a detachment from the Ro al Americans, and in their march met with a ftraggling party of the enemy, of which they have tranfmit- ted to us the following relation : “ About fix miles from fort Edward, in our way to Halifax, we “ faw a great fmoke in the woods, about two hundred yards from «* the road ; why we paid no regard to it, I will not pretend to fay : «« going a little farther, our guide, who was at fome fmall diftance “ before our advanced-guard, faw twelve or fourteen of the enemy « fitting together at their dinner j they immediately bounced up ** and ran off towards the woods: on their flight our guide fired at them and wounded one of them, having tracked his blood after- « wards on the fnow; our party by this time came up and purfued ** them, upon which the enemy drew up behind their ufual fences « (the trees) fired at our people, and then ran off. Our whole «« lofs amounts to two men killed on the fpot, one of whom was «« our guide: we had none wounded j what execution we did «« among them, I will not pretend to fayj but our advanced-guard «« gave them very brifk firing, until they were ordered to defifl: “ the Commanding Officer, not having any inftruftions how to aft “ in a cafe of this kind, did not think it proper to purfue the <« enemy any farther; we therefore went back to the place where <« they had been firfl alarmed, and got three camp-kettles, a feal- “ fkin gun-cafe, feveral haverfacks of the fame fkin, with many “ little odd things in them, particularly a lock of a firelock be- “ longihg to the 43d regiment, and a pair of large filver buckles, “ which they got fome time before from a Serjeant of rangers ** who fell into their hands. After we had collected our plunder, “ we proceeded on our march to Halifax,, and never halted until S 2 44 1758. May* HISTORICAL JOURNAL. " we reached f ort Sackville, where we arrived at eight o’clock m the morning, and the other twelve miles we came at our leifure ; “ 1 muft ob ferve to you, that I faw among the enemy a well-look- " in S man w |th white cloaths, and his hat and waiftcoat were laced ; which makes us imagine he is a French regular Officer “ &c. &c.” It is is not unlikely but it was Monfieur Bois Hibert, and that he might then be on his march to Louijbourg with thefe rabble , whom be was probably collecting from their different dtfridls, for that fervice. A large detachment of chofen men from the troops going againft Louiffiourg, under the command of a Major, are ordered to°fcour this province, burn their fettlements, and direct their courfe after¬ wards towards the ftraits of Caufeau, in order to cut off the retreat of the Acadians in their return from Cape Breton, after the furren- der of its capital. We are credibly informed, that upwards of forty letters for the Officers and foldiers of the 43d regiment lately lay at the Poll- Office at Halifax, and the Pollmaller, not knowing how he Ihould be repaid the poftage of them, or where to forward them to, tranf- mitted them back to New-York, by which means it is not im¬ probable but they may all mifcarry; it is an unlucky circumftance that fome regulation is not fet on foot, to prevent fuch difappoint- ments happening to the troops throughout America, and thofe particularly who are doomed to exile in the miferable fortreffes of this remote province. It is well known, that, during the late war in Flanders, there was a Poflmaller-General to the Britiffi army, whofe office was always at the head quarters; and all letters, whether lorwarded by the packets to Holland, or tranfmitted by private ffiips, or otherwife, were regularly fent to the army, and duly dillnbuted to the refpe&ive regiments; it is almoll incredible what fums have been paid for lingle European letters by Officers and foldiers, and the unneceffary extravagant expence that has been in¬ curred HISTORICAL JOURNAL. *33 curred by their travelling over almoft every part of British America, 175 s * before they have reached their proper owners. Maj ' Some Officers of the 28th regiment, who are ftill detained by 13th. contrary winds in the bafon, came up to-day to fee this garrifon, and inform us, that the feafon is much forwarder here than at fort Cumberland; this is eafily accounted for, that part of the province being many leagues* eaftward, or E. N. E. of Annapolis; more- * over that fortrefs is fituated on an open eminence, much expofed to every wind : while this fort, and its environs, are well ffieltered by high lands, covered with thick forefts all round. It being Whitfunday, this feftival was duly obferved : the New- 14th* England artificers, who are a fober, religious fet of men, chanted two anthems for us in a very pleafing and folemn manner. The fleet with the 28th regiment failed this morning. Notwithftanding the length of a rigorous winter, and the back- 19th. wardnefs of the feafon, vegetation is furprifingly forward, infomuch that we have been regaled with afparagus for thefe two days part:. By a Hoop jurt come from Halifax, we have an account of Admiral Bofcawen’s being arrived with a fine fleet in Chebudto harbour, and of Sir Charles Hardy’s having taken fome valuable prizes off Louilbourg; on board of one of them was the following lading : fifteen hundred thirteen-inch Jhells,jour hundred barrels of powder,/even * I never heard exa&ly the diftance between thefe two places, but, from my own knowledge of the time employed in failing thither from hence, and the rate at which we failed, I am of opinion it cannot be lefs than fifty leagues; and I calculate it after this manner: it is allowed to be above four leagues (or better than thirteen miles) from this fort to the entrance of this river from the bay, which I remember we once cleared about eight o’clock in the morning, and did not come to an anchor at Chegne&o until eleven o’clock the next day ; in all this time, we never once fhortened fail, for we had a fair wind, and remarkably moderate weather; fo that allowing we did not exceed five knots in an hour (which, however, I am certain we did for feveral hours) it will be little fhort of what I have advanced.- 1 admit (hips will run it down from that fort in a much fhorter time; feven,—eight,— nine,—nay ten knots I have frequently heard of. hundred. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. hundred barrels of flour, four hundred barrels of pork, four chefls of money, and twelve hundredflands of arms. Upon Admiral Bofcawen’s being told at Halifax, that fome French men of war and tranfports had got into Loailbourg, he replied, I am glad of it ; if all the fleet of France goes m, I willfollow them } there is room enough for us all>—the more we find there, the more captures I will make. The Captain-Lieutenant of the 43d regiment is promoted to thO company that was vacated by the death of the worthy Officer who was killed on the 8th of December laid; and a Lieutenant from an¬ other corps is preferred in his room. Wooding and covering parties were fent out this morning, to the hill weftward of Allen’s river, for fome fire-wood (this emi¬ nence is defcribed under the 8th inftant;) when the party are in pof- feffion of that ground, they have little to apprehend } but the road leading to it is dangerous, being a defile of near a quarter of a mile in length, fo that twelve men polled there would make great exe¬ cution among ten times their number, without being driven to any follicitude for their own fafety. At noon the weather, turning out wet, with thunder ftorms, obliged the detachment to return to the fort ; the Officer, purfuant to his orders, reported the difagreeable circumllances of a command’s being fent there, and the dangers they are expofed to, notwithftanding the moll prudent precautions. The cape blockhoufe has been pulled down, in order to be re¬ paired; and, when completed, is to be ere&ed on Babinot’s-Hill, which will render this place more agreeable both to the troops and the town’s-people, and be a great protection to their cattle; many advantages will refult from it to every individual. At five o’clock this morning a Captain, Subaltern, and forty men, with three gunners, fix fwivels, and two wall-pieces, marched out, and took poiTeffion of the ground on the eminence of Babi- HISTORICAL JOUR N 0 A L. 135 not’s-Hill for the blockhoufe ; this fortrefs will Hand very advantage- oufly, being on a neck of land, which, by the Terpentine courfe of Allen’s river, forms a peninfula, with a natural glacis to three faces of it; the detachment incamped here with their front to the eadward, then difpofed of their artillery to the bed; advantage, in cafe of an alarm ; polled the proper advanced centinels, fet up a flag-daff, and indantly hoided colours: carts were, at the fame time, employed in carrying out the timber, and the artificers, who are expert at this kind of work, raifed one dory of the houfe, and laid the floor for the fecond, before night. The detachment at the advanced blockhoufe was relieved to-day 30th. by an equal number, as yefterday ; an Officer and thirty men, with two guides, were ordered to fcour the country : they took a tour of about fourteen miles, and returned by a different route, without meeting with any annoyance, or track of man or bead. The new fortrefs at Babinot’s-Hill being almod finifhed, the de- tachment is reduced to one Subaltern, one Serjeant, one Gunner, and thirty rank and file. We are now tormented much by mulketa’s and a fmall black burning fly: they give us no quarter either by dayor night; if I midake not, the author of Lord Anfon’s memorable voyage fays, that the mufketa’s are very troublefome in South America, during the day-time ; and that they never bite after fun-fet: the cafe is very different in this part of the world, thefe infedls be¬ ing exceedingly more teazing by night than they are by day. There are a number of birds that fly about here after fun-fet, called Mufketa Hawks, from their living on and dedroying the mufketa’s; they are of the falcon kind, of a dark grey colour, and a little larger than a blackbird, they are numerous, according to the quantity of their prey; and fly fo low and deady, as to be a good mark to be fhot at. Late lad night fome Frenchmen eroded the river in canoes, op- June, pofite to the upper end of the town; they broke 6pen a merchant’s dorehoufe. historical journal, ilorehoufe, and robbed it of feveral valuable articles, fome of which, in their confufion, they dropped on the fhore, and were fince re¬ covered : one of thefe fellows went to a houfe adjoining to the iterehoufe, and lifted up the latch, whereupon the woman from within, being awake, challenged; the other called to her in the Indian language (with an intent, as fhe thinks, to frighten her) and, finding fhe would not he filent, he fpoke to her in Englifh, bade her lie quiet, and make no alarm, or he would murderlier; which terrified her fo much, that, by pinching her hufband, fhe roufed him: he jumped up inffantly, and the Frenchman, being thereby likely to be difcovered, ran out of the houfe j feme towns¬ people, paffing at that time, in order to fifli in their ponds, obliged the rogues to make off to their canoes, and re-crofs the river. Had they not been difturbed, their intention, probably, was, after plun¬ dering the fforehoufe, to fet fire to it, according to their ufual cuf- tom; one of them exchanged an old hat for a better; it had a Corporal’s fhoulder-knot round it, by way of hatband, with a taflel at the end, curioufly ornamented with beads afier the Indian manner. The advanced blockhoufe is now finifhed on Babinot’s-Hill • it has a flout picket-work, at a final 1 diffance, round it, and loop¬ holes therein for mufketry, with flankers at the angles, which enfilade the faces and circumjacent ground, fo as to render it a good poll againfl any number of fmall arms; a Serjeant, Gunner, and fifteen rank and file, mount guard there every day; fix fwivel guns are fixed there on carriages, with a proper allowance of ammunition of every kind, fome granado’s, and a week’s provifions. A fioop is juft arrived from Pimmaquid, the Mafler whereof in¬ forms us, that he fpoke with a twenty-gun fliip who lies at anchor in the bay, flationed there, as he fuppofes, for the protection of thefe garnfons; *e are alfo told by this man, that the army under General historical journal. General Abercromby, are on their march ; and that Sir William Johnfon has the command of a large body of Indians, who are daily increaling their numbers, by the defection of other tribes from the French intereft; and that the large corps of provincial troops, which compofe a part of that army, were in high fpi- rits, and well appointed, infomuch that the provinces fanguinely flatter themfelves with a very fuccefsful campaign in that ♦ quarter. The Captain of his Majefty’s fhip Hind, now at anchor off the entrance of this river, arrived here in his barge, with money for the troops j he is to proceed on the fame errand to fort Cumber¬ land; whence, in his return, he is to look into St, Johns, fire fe- veral guns there, and afterwards repair to the fleet at Louifbourg; —this gentleman informs us, that the whole armament failed from Halifax for Cape Breton, on the 28th ult. Captain Bond has fa¬ voured us with a copy of the following orders, publifhed by his Excellency Admiral Bofcawen, dated Halifax harbour. May the 2 iff, 1758. *< AH arrears and fea pay of all the corps to be paid forthwith, *» as far as the r e is money to do it. The grenadiers of the army, “ and two or three of the oldeft regiments, will probably be the “ firft to land, unlefs the Admiral thinks it neceffary, from the “ fituation of the tranfports, or other circumftances, to order it “ otherwife. The boats of the ordnance fhips, as well as the ** reft, will be employed in landing the firft body of men, ex- « ce pt fuch as are requifite to carry on fhore the light fix-poun- “ ders. The boats of the hofpital-fhips are folely to be employed for the ufe and afliftance of any who may be wounded; and a ** place of rendezvous will be appointed for the boats, when the “ landing is fixed upon. The feamen, who row the tranlporis’ “ boats, are not to have fire-arms, when the troops are ordered to land. Officers are to go into the boats, in proportion to the ** number of men, without crowding, particularly if there be any ,r T 'T ** fwell HISTORICAL JOURNAL. fwell or furf. The Admiral will order fome light boats, to fave any men that may fall into the fea by any accident. The firft “ bod y in Gabarus bay muft carry nothing in the boats but their ■“ arms and ammunition, with bread and cheefe in their pockets “ for two days. All the tents and blankets of the troops that land firft are to be carefully bundled up, ready to carry on “ ^ore, after they have got footing, and beat off the enemy. Six “ days’ provifions to be prepared, at a proper time, in readinefs to “ be fent a-ffiore after the men. Trufty perfons to be left in every “ diip, to fuperintend and take care of the baggage and provifions. “ No woman to be permitted to land, until the men are all on “ ihore, and until their tents, blankets, provifions, and necefia- “ ries are likewife landed. Every Officer, commanding in a boat, “ be anfwerable, that no man fire his piece from out of the “ boat. There have been examples of men fixing their bayonets “ in boats, but the practice is fo abfurd, that it feems hardly ne- “ ceflary to forbid it: bayonets are fixed in a moment after the “ men are landed. As fall: as the men get out of the boats, they “ muft form, and march direftly forward to clear the beach, and " charge whatever is before them j they are not to purfue, but “ will be ordered to take poft, fo as effeftually to fecure the reft “ of the army. The Commanders of the grenadiers, and all the “ Field-Officers, employed in the firft landing, are to difembark “ in light rowing-boats, that they may land their refpeftive corps, “ and give their orders readily. The tranfports, which have on “ board the regiment of the train of artillery, and of the corps of “ rangers, muft keep as much together as poffible, that, when the “ fignal is made for any particular corps, it may be in readinefs " to aft: as this depends, in a great meafure, upon the Mafters “ of tranfports, they are to endeavour to effeft itbut, if the Ad- “ miral fliould think proper to order, that the boats of every “ tranfport, without regard to the corps, ftiould bring away as “ many men, as they can fafely contain, to any particular place “ of HISTORICAL JOURNAL. « of rendezvous, then the Commanding Officer of every ffiip is “ to make choice of good men, and under proper Officers * and “ non-commiffioned Officers, that the firft attack may be car- « ried on with vigour : Colonels and Field-Officers will be named « to command, and every regiment, as they know the number of « men the boats can hold, will fend Captains in proportion, « and give them diredtions to be ready, before they leave this har- “ bour. <* As there may be reafon to detach the Hoops and fchooners of *« the fleet, a fignal will be appointed for them, and all fignals arc “ to be duly attended to.” Here follows an extradt of a letter from Halifax to our Com¬ manding Officer, dated May the 30th, 1758. ** The fleet, amounting to near two hundred fail, failed on the morning of the 28th inftantj before we lofl: fight of them, they were joined by the Dublin, on board of whom was Major-General Amherft, who immediately went on board the Admiral; exclufive of the army, there are near eighteen hundred marines on board the fleet, which you are fenfible will be a good reinforcement to throw into the trenches, after the troops have landed and cleared the way for them. The Admiral has nineteen (hips of the line, exclufive of the Dublin : and the Devonlhire, with the Pembroke, who are in this harbour, will join the fleet, as foon as their men recover. There are alfo nine frigates, two fire-fhips, and a great number of floops to affift, as occafion may require j fo that we hope we may foon expert to hear good news from the eaftward. See. See.” * With all deference to this able Naval Commander, though there may be picking and chuftng, on fuch occafions, among the private men, commiffioned Officers will never fubmit to it, every man inlifting upon being fent in his own proper turn. T 2 The 140 1758. June. 1 1 th. r i'3th. 14th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The gardens and the country are now in great beauty j if an Luropean was to vifit us at this feafon, who had never wintered in America, it would be almoft impoffible to perfuade him to credit the extreme length and fevcrity of our winters, and he would be inclined to think all he had heard and read of this climate was fa¬ bulous y it is really aftomfhing to behold the length, of our graft, and the forwardnefs of the fruit-trees, as well as of vegetation in general, in the fhort fpace of a very few days. At four o’clock this afternoon we were alarmed by the guard at the advanced blockhoufe, they having difcharged four fwivels, and hoifted their colours, which was anfwered by our colours in like manner and one gun : an Officer and thirty men inftantly fallied out from the fort, to inquire the caufe; and were informed, that twelve or fourteen men had peeped out of the woods in different places, and that one had croffed the hill, but the Serjeant could not be certain whether he had any arms with him. The Officer proceeded purfuant to his orders, and fcoured the neighbouring forefts for feveral miles, without making any difcovery; the party did not return till near eleven o’clock at night. The occafion of the alarm yefterday was a negro fervant’s de- ferting his mafter, upon his fuppofing himfelf ill ufed ; and, after wandering through the woods until he was almoft exhaufted with fatigue and hunger, he made feveral efforts to crofs Mayafs-Hill, in order to return to the fort; but being fired upon by the block- houfe guard, he was frightened, and retired again to the woods. This, with the hazinefs of the weather, and feme black flumps of trees, that appear, at a diftance, like men (and aided, per¬ haps, by the force of imagination, which is not an uncommon cafe) deceived the Serjeant and his guard; the extreme fimplicity of the poor African prevented his being feverely punifhed * When the Commanding Officer threatened to hang him, he replied with great firm- nefs, ‘ he was glad of it, for then he was certain he fhould return to his own country.' A veflel HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 141 A veflel from fort Cumberland put in here j by her a letter was y 5 8 - received, acquainting us, that on the 18th ult. three deferters 17th. from the enemy came and furrendered there to the Commanding Officer j they brought their arms with them; one is a Swifs, the fecond a Hollander, and the third a native of France; they be¬ longed to the regulars, and their uniforms are faced with blue. They report, that they came from the ifland of St. John (near Cape Breton) that their people were ftarving for want of provi- lions, and that Monlieur Bois Hibert was actually gone to Louif- bourg with a great number of men from this province ; being alked how many ? they anfwered, between three and four hundred. Our weather has been remarkably whimfical fince the beginning of May; fometimes it is very fultry, and then we are tormented with infeCts; at others, cloudy and raw, with difagreeable fogs, which are fucceeded by high winds and violent thunder ftorms; for the greateft part of thefe fix weeks paft, the air has been fo un¬ naturally cold, that we have been obliged to continue our fires. This being the anniverfary of his Majefty’s acceffion, the co- lours were hoifted at break of day ; at noon twenty-one guns were difcharged from the ramparts, which were anfwered by three good vollies from a detachment of the garrifon. The new guards are out at exercife every morning; the Officers, for their inftruCtion and amufement, fall into the ranks as privates, and practice all the evolutions and firings. We have had fiffi in great plenty and perfection for fome days paft. Our foldiers are now moft feafonably relieved by fiffi and vege- July, tables, which they much wanted, having contracted fcorbutic dis¬ orders, in confequence of their continual lalt diet. A floop arrived from Bofton with fire-wood for the garrifon; by this veftel we have received the following manifefto, concerning the French in¬ fraction of the capitulation of fort William-Henry. « Fort 142 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1758, “ Fort Edward (N T ew-Eng!and) June the 24th, 1758, “ The enemy being become mailers of fore William-Henry, by “ virtue of a capitulation made upon the 9th of Auguft laft, which “ capitulation they immediately broke, in a moll notorious and “ flagrant manner, by murdering, pillaging and captivating many “ of his Majefty’s good fubje&s, in violation of the faid capitula- “ tion, as well as of the law of nations. Upon thefe confidera- “ tions, and in honour and juftice to his Majefty’s arms,—Major- “ General Abercromby hereby declares the fa/d capitulation null and “ void, and that all Officers and foldiers, ferving, the 9th of Auguft laft, at foit Wiiliam-Henry, are hereby impowered and commanded “ to ferve in the fame manner, as if no fuch capitulation had ever “ been made. All which Major-General Abercromby has notified “ to the Governor General of Canada, fignifying to him at the “ fame time, that, if any of his Majefty’s fubjefts, fuppofed to be “ comprehended in the faid capitulation, may fall into the enemy’s “ hands, and any violence follow thereupon, that he will retaliate “ on the perfons of the French prifoners now in his hands, as well “ as on all fuch as (hall be taken hereafter by fea or land. “ The above to be publifhed at the head of every corps in his “ Majefty’s fervice in North America. Signed by order, “ James Cuninghame, “ Aid de Camp to his Excellency.” To Lieutenant Colonel James, or the Officer commanding his Majefty’s 43d Regiment in the Bay ofFundy, and Province of Nova Scotia. 8th. An immenfe quantity of excellent fifh was taken in the ponds this morning : a foldier, who was bathing in the river, was carried, by the violence of the current, beyond his depth, and drowned. In confequence of repeated reports made by the Officers who daily vifit the barracs, " that the foldiers have no bedding to lie on (what HISTORICAL JOURNAL. i 43 (what they had being worn out) that the windows are in a (hat- 1 75 8 * tered condition, and the roofs of thefe caferns are fo faulty, that ^ uly ' the men can fcarce keep themfelves and their arms drythe Commanding Officer has made frequent reprefentations of thefe grievances, yet to no purpofe : the anfwer, made by the gentle¬ men who have the management of thefe matters here, is to this effect: “ We cannot do any thing without orders from England, the barracs are not worth repairing, they ought to be con¬ demned, &c.” The detachment here is daily at exercife, neverfhelefs our time 12th. palfes away very heavily; and, when the calendar does not furniffi us with a loyal excufe for affembling in the evening, we have re- courfe to a Free-Mafon Lodge, “ where we work fo hard, that it is inconceivable to think what a quantity of bufinefs, of great im¬ portance, is tranfadted, in a very fhort fpace of time.” Freffi provifions have been fcarce with us for fome weeks part:, fo that, when we are not fo fortunate as to take fiffi, we are reduced to eat fait beef and pork from the ffores; a circumftance much more difagreeable in fummer than in winter. Our Commandant has made a partition of all the clear ground, on Mayafs and Babi- . not’s-Hills, within the range of the advanced blockhoufe; and all hands are now employed in cutting and faving hay, againft the ar¬ rival of cattle from New-England, for the enfuing winter. W e begin to be impatient for news from the eastward and fouth- 24th. ward; this morning our Major, defirous of taking a view of the country, ordered an Officer and thirty men to efcort him; we were accompanied byMr.Dyfon, and proceeded as far as Saw-mill-Creek; we marched out, and returned by different routes; fcoured the orchards, and all the adjoining thickets, without making any dis¬ covery, except fome horfe’s dung which was quite freffi; we track¬ ed the horfe to the creek, where we could perceive he had croffed over, fo that we conclude he was mounted by one of the enemy, who might be detached as a ipy to watch our motions, and, having dir- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. difcovered our party, had retired to alarm the country. The or¬ chards abound with apples, pears, cherries, currants, and fome rafpberries; the grafs, on thefe grounds, is not lefs than three feet in length, though of a flrong coarfe kind; nothing can equal the beauty and fragrance of the forefts at this feafon, where there are ftrawberries and other fpontaneous fruits in great plenty; the de¬ tachment returned, about four o’clock in the afternoon, a little fatigued, for the heat of the weather was intolerable; though of this we cannot complain every day. A veffel turned into the bafon this morning early, and tripped out again; as the weather was hazy, we could not difcern whether fhe was a floop, or a large fail-boat: the Fort-Major, with two Officers, a Serjeant, and twelve rank and file, were fent down in an old crazy boat to reconnoitre the bafon and bay, and returned at night without making any difcovery; upon their firft fetting off, feveral fignals were difcharged in the woods, on the oppofite fide of the river, by the fculking rabble of the country. This morning arrived a floop from Boflon' with fheep and black cattle, a moft agreeable freight, as we have been much diflreffed for frefh provifions for fome time paft; feveral letters were brought by this veffel, among which I received two, with the following authentic intelligence: u Camp before Louifbourg, June 16th. “ The fleet arrived fafe in Gabarus bay on the 2d, 3d, and 4th, “ inftant j and, by a perverfe feries of bad weather, we could not €i land before the eighth ; which we fortunately effected, after en¬ countering dangers that are almofl: incredible: we are now in- ^ trenching our camp, but cannot yet land any artillery, by reafon of the high wind and great fwell upon this coaff* Brigadier Wolfe (whom, I have heard you fay, you remember in Flan¬ ders) has performed prodigies of valour, and has, within thefe few days, taken poft at the light-houfe point, which is oppolite to the ifland battery. To give you my own private opinion, I “think HISTORICAL JOURNAL. « think General Amherft (whom I have alfo heard you mention) « feems, by his great prudence and fteadinels, to be well calculated “ for the American fervice ; I thank God I am well, and when we « have reduced this garrifon, which now I make no doubt of, for “ I think the worft is over; if I am alive and able, fhall tranfmit “ you, according to my promife, a faithful narrative of all our « tranfa&ions, &c. &c. We hear conftant Ikirmilhing in the woods in our rear, between our light troops and the Indians, &c. « I have requefted an Officer of the navy to forward this by the “ firft opportunity to Halifax, or Bofton. “ Yours very fincerely, &c.” My fecond letter is as follows: Fort Edward, July n, 1758. « I thank God I can inform my dear friend that I am alive, and “ that is all; on the 6th inftant a divifion of our army, under the “ gallant Lord Howe, fell in with an advanced party of the enemy, “ whom we routed; but his Lorffiip was killed, and is defeivedly «< lamented by every individual. On the 8th we attacked the wbo were made prifoners on the fame day, with feven ran- “ gers and failors, broke out of a houfe where they had been con- “ fined at Mirrimichi, on the 8th inftant. Five only of this num- “ ber are arrived here, and the other feven turned back, not be- “ ing able to march fo great a way. Daly, who deferted from Co- “ lonel James’s company on the firft or fecond of April laft, is alfo “ there, as well as Mr. Eafon the Mafter-Carpenter, and Lieute- “ nant Dixon of the rangers. Rookins tells us, that, as they were “ reftin g themfelves, on the 6th of December, after cutting wood, “ the y were Surrounded, and fired upon, by fifteen of the enemy- “ grenadier Miller was killed .on the fpot; Arnold fliot through “ both his wrifts, and foon after difpatched; and Rookins flightly wounded, who, with three other foldiers and Mr. Eafon, were “ made prifoners, and. dragged, that night, about nine miles into “ the HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 155. ft the woods, on the river-fide ; there they remained until next « morning; they left a centry up in a tree, who difeovered Cap- tain Pigou’s party marching out that night, and brought them “ an account of it; whereupon they gave their fignals of alarm, • f Early on the 7th, they took their pril'oners to a little hut in the “ woods oppofite to Renne Foret river, and there confined them. ** All that day and night they were firing fignals and collecting *t their force; before day-light, on the 8th, they got to the fame ** fide of the river with our detachment, and took poffefiion of the *• fatal pafs, where they waited till you returned: they owned ** themfelves to be fifty-fix in number ; that they had feven men ff killed, four men (lightly, and five delperately wounded, and tt that they would have run off, after they gave us the firft fire, on *< feeing our party fo large, had they not heard our men cry out, tt —Retreat, Retreat. They did not take a prifoner, fo that it ft is natural to think they killed all our wounded men (if they ** did not give themfelves the Coup Mortel, for the enemy did not tt return there until the morning of the 10th).—During the en- *t counter, our men, who were prifoners in the hut on the other ft fide of Annapolis river, hearing the fire, afked the guard, that *t was left with them,—What was the matter? They replied,—it *• was a party they had fent out to bring in fome red bullocks *• (alluding to the colour of our cloathing;) however, they acknow- *t ledge this affair by no means anfwered their expectations.—In *t foui* days after, our prifoners were fent to Pitfcordiac, and from tt thence to Mirrimichi, where they have been ever fince, living *t on falt-fifh and tallow only.—Bois Hibert is gone to CapeJJre- ** ton with fixty regulars and a large body of irregulars; mey ** had no chief on Annapolis river, and were only a party that tt went there to get fome cattle, or provifions of any kind; one tt of the enemy, who was kinder to our prifoners than any of the “ reft, told them, it was well for them that father Loutre was “ gone out of the country, for, that if he was there, they would X 2 tt have 1758. Auguft, Cf I 6 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. j 7$8. “ have met with a much harder fate. The Commandant of their Au^ulK “ militia (as thefe banditti call themfelves) is one William John- “ lion, a native of Annapolis, whofe mother was French, but “ his father Britifh; and the next to him was one Long, alfo “ British, formerly a tailor and pilot in our fervice; Johnfton is “ brother to the wife of John Davis, of your garrifon, whom he “ often vifits, and you may imagine has intelligence from :- “ our people have found out that he was at Annapolis, feme time “ before we arrived there ; lay in Davis’s back houfe, and car- “ ried off fome cattle that belonged to Major Phillips. It is not “ more than fix weeks fince he was there, and brought away “ moll of your troublefome neighbours to join Bois Hibert at “ Mirrimichi, fo that probably many of them will be taken, when ** Louifbourg falls ; this Johnfton is now on a fcout.—I am forry “ to tell you that Mr. W-t’s floop and the Endeavour fchooner “ are both taken by a privateer from St. John’s river, manned • “ moftly by Indians; the two Mafters of them are fent to Ca- “ nada j they have fitted put the two veffels to ferve as privateers, “ and they are now cruifing at the mouth of the bay, which is a “ melancholy circumftance for you there, a| well as for us here : “ but we muft neverthelefs hope, that we fhall yet fee better “ days, &c.” In confequence of this letter refpe according to a price to be fixed. All the light in- ber. “ fantry and rangers, under Major Scott, to be furniffied imme- “ diately with feventy rounds per man of ammunition; which they “ are to demand from, and give receipts to Colonel Williamfon, the “ Commanding Officer of the Artillery; the army are likewife to be completed to fifty rounds, and three flints per man, except “ the Highlanders, who are to have feventy rounds.” “ May 18. “ Major Robertfon, of the Royal American regiment, is appointed “ by General Abercromby, Commander in Chief of his Majefty’s “ forces in North-America, Deputy Quarter-Mafter-General to “ this army. “ The following orders, given by General Abercromby, at New- “ York, April 20, 1758, are to be ftri&ly obeyed : “ When the troops are on board their tranfports, they are to be “ upon the fame allowance of provifions as laft year, according to “ the printed tables, viz. fix, to four mens’ allowance, both Officers “ and men, which is two thirds allowance in the navy. After they “ difembark, the men to have their full allowance, according to the “ Contractor's agreement; but all Officers, whatever, from the day “ of their regiments’ embarkation, or taking the field, until the “ day of entering into winter quarters, are to have only one ration “ per day. And the order of the 26th of November laft, for the “ allowance given in lieu of provifions, to ceafe upon embarkation “ of the regiments or companies. “ Mr. Robert Porter is appointed Deputy-Paymafter to the ex- “ pedition.” “ May 20. “ The barracks, evacuated by the 45th regiment, being prepared “ as an hofpital for the reception of the fick that are unable to pro- ** ceed on the expedition; every corps is forthwith to fend their “ fick to that hofpital, where the Deputy-DireCtor will receive “ them. historical journal. " them. Major Morris, of the 35th regiment, is appointed to do “ duty at Halifax.” r “ May 22. Experience having difcovered, that ginger and fugar, mixed “ with the water of America, prevent the ill effedls of it, and “ P referve the men ff oni fevers and fluxes better than any thing " Clfe> y et found out > Brigader-General Lawrence does, therefore! “ in the ftrongeft manner recommend the ufe of this difcovery to “ tbe troo P s * Any of the volunteers that chufe to ferve with the “ light troops, until the trenches are opened, are at liberty to do “ ‘ akin S Care to be P rov Hed with a cloak, a blanket, and a “ good quantity of ammunition.” “ One hundred pioneers are to be fent forthwith on board the “ Reftoratlon tranfport, where a fpade and pickax for each man “ Wl11 be fent h y tbe Commanding Officer of the Artillery, who is " al:fo t0 lend on board tbe faid Hiip two light pieces of cannon, “ with the neceflary ammunition, and a proportionable detachment “ from tbe Artillery. The Commanding Officer of the Artillery “ is to receive into his ftores, from Colonel Meffiervey, 500 pick- “ axes ’ 3 00 felling-axes, together with the crofs-cut faws that were “ P rovided b y diredion of the Earl of Loudoun, and fince ordered “ for the fervice of this expedition by Major-General Aber- “ cromby. “ Nets ’ lines ’ books > and other fifhing tackling, are put on “ board the floop York, for the fervice of the troops, and will be “ delivered, when wanted, for that purpofe. " The f e S iments to be employed upon the prefent expedition “ are P ut int0 brigades, in the following manner : “ Firft brigade commanded by Colonel_. “ 1 ft, 47th, 2d battalion of the 60th, and 28th. “ Second brigade commanded by Colonel Murray. “ 15th, 35th, 40th, and 78th. Y2 1 63 1758. Septem¬ ber. Third I 164 1758. Septem¬ ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ Third brigade commanded by Colonel Burton. “ 17th, 58th, and 48th. (< Fourth brigade commanded by Colonel Wilmott. “ 45th, 3d battalion of the 60th, and 22d. “ The firft and third brigades compofe the right wing of the “ army : the fecond and fourth compofe the left wing. The reader will be pleafed to obferve, that thefe are only ex- trails of the moft material orders, publiffied at Halifax by the Brigadiers Whitmore and Lawrence, preparatory to the expedition; thofe that I have omitted related moftly to the duty of the place, the embarking of the troops, and the frequent difembarking of them, by brigades, for exercife, and for the prefervation of the health of the men ; upon the whole, by thofe which I have not thought neceffary'to infert, it appears, that every meafure was taken by the three Brigadiers, and the Field-Officers of corps, to render the army as expert, for any kind of fervice, as prudence and ex¬ perience could dictate, or human forefight could require. Admiral Bofcawen leems alfo, by his directions, to have made every neceffary difpofition for the accommodation of the troops when afloat, and, in ffiort, had ordered and conduced every thing in his department, with that zeal and activity fo peculiarly cha- raCteriftic of a good Officer. The fleet and army failed from Halifax on the 28th, and had the happinefs to meet the Dublin off the harbour, on board of whom was General Amherft, Commander in Chief of the expedition ; after their arrival in Gabarus bay, his Excellency publiffied the following orders from on board the Namur, being the Admiial s own ffiip 1 “ June 3, 1758. “ The army is to land and attack the French in three different “ bodies, and at three different places. All the grenadiers and de- “ tachments of the right wing land upon the right, in the bay, “ within HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 165 “ within the White Point. The detachments of the left wing “ land in two little bays, about a mile and an half to the left of “ the White Point. The light infantry, irregulars, and High- “ landers are to land in the frefh water Cove, in order to take “ the enemy in flank and rear, and cut fome of them off from “ the town. Men of war are ordered to each of thefe places, to “ fcour the coaft, and protedt the troops at their landing. The “ grenadiers are to be drawn up, as they lie in their brigades, “ upon the right of the right attack, and to rendezvous in a line ** behind a boat with a red flag, in which Brigadier Wolfe will “ be. The detachments of the right wing are to affemble in a “ line, as they are in their brigades, behind a boat with a white “ flag, where Brigadier Whitmore will be. The detachments of “ the left wing are to rendezvous in the fame manner, behind a “ boat with a blue flag, where Brigadier-General Lawrence will “ command. The Highlanders, light infantry, and irregulars are “ to rendezvous to the right of the ifland, lying before the frefh “ water Cove, and to be ready to row into the Cove, when the “ fignal is given the fignal to row on Ihore will be three guns “ from the Sutherland, repeated by the Admiral. Although the “ Highlanders, light infantry, and irregulars are a feparate attack “ upon the left, yet, when they land, they are to confider them- “ felves as a part of the left wing, and immediately under the “ command of Brigadier-General Lawrence. “ Field-Officers for the right attack, for the grenadiers,—Colonel “ Murray, Lieutenant-Colonel Fletcher, Majors* Farquar and “ Murray. “ Detachment of the right wing, Colonel Burton, Colonel Fofter, “ Majors Prevoft and Derby.. “ Field-Officers of the center attack, or detachments of the left “ wing. Colonel Wilmott, Lieutenant-Colonel Handheld, Majors “ Hamilton and Huffey. 1758. Septem¬ ber. “ All i66 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ptem “ rema ^ n ^ n § Field-Officers of the army are to come on ber. “ ffiore with the lecond difembarkation } as Bragg’s regiment is “ to be detached for a particular duty, they are not to furniffi gre- “ nadiers for the right attack, and the whole Highland regiment “ is to be employed, with the light infantry and irregulars, upon “ the left. “ Captain Amherft and Captain D’Arcy are appointed to adl as Aids-de-Camp to Major-General Amherft. Lieutenant Tonge, of “ General Warburton’s regiment, is to attend (as Engineer) on the “ Deputy Quarter-Mafter-General, on the landing of the troops. “ Colonel Frafer’s company of grenadiers, in the Princefs Ame- “ lia’s boat, will row to join their own regiment. “ The fignal to prepare to land :—A red flag, with a blue crofs “ at the foretopmaft-head of the Sutherland, and to be repeated by “ the Namur.” <0 fix the enemy’s attention, or to follow the troops of the left wing, when they lhall receive “ 0rders for that P ur P° fe - The boats of this divif.cn are to keep “ out at a m,lc and an half . or two miles’ diftance from the land “ extending in a confiderable length of line. “As the grenadiers wiil now aflemble towards the left inftead “ of the right, the Captains mull be attentive to the red fl as? in " B 7 adier WoIfe ’ S which is to be the center of their fine ‘ and range themfelves accordingly. The detachments of the “ right wing muft have the fame attention to Brigadier-General “ Whitmore’s flag, and thofe of the left wing to Brigadier Law- “ rence s^ flag, and the whole to afTemble at their different ports “ immediately after the fignal is made to prepare to land. The “ four oldeft companies of grenadiers are to attack firft; the Royal “ and Forbes’s, under the command of Lieutenant - Colonel “ Fletcher, in the little bay upon the right; Amherrt’s and Whit- “ more’s, under the command of Major Murray, in another little “ bay U P° n the left ’ The Field-Officers and Captains of theft four “ com P ames of grenadiers will receive their particular inftruftions ? f ? m Bri f dier Wolfe ’ Af ^ ^e grenadiers are landed, and have taken port along the intrenchment, the light infantry are to land, pufh forward into the wood, and force the enemy’s irregulars to “ retire. <( €i «C “ June 6, twelve o’clock. The troops are to return on board their tranfports, as the furf on the ffiore is fo great, that the Admiral thinks they cannot be duembarked with any kind of fafety.” “ If ! he furf fllould be fo S reat > ‘hat the troops canno^land this afternoon, the General intends to attack the enemy to-mor¬ row at the dawn of day, unlefs the weather is fo bad as to make “ it 167 175S. oeptem- ber. 168 s^s 8 - eptem- ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ it impradicable. The boats are to affemble in three divifions as « before, the right wing at the Violet tranfport, where there will “ be three lights hung on the off fide, near the water’s edge; “ the left wing at the St. George tranfport, with two lights hung “ in the fame manner j and the rendezvous of the grenadiers, &c. “ will be at the Neptune tranfport, where a Angle light will be « h un g out. As the General’s intentions are to furprife the enemy, “ as well as attack them, he depends upon the care and vigilance “ of the Officers commanding in the tranfports, that his oidefs “ be ftrialy complied with. “ The troops are to be in their boats by two o clock exactly. a Ho lights are to be fhewn in any of the tranfports, except the “ fignals above-mentioned, after twelve o’clock at night, and there “ mutt be a profound filence throughout the whole army, and, « above all things, the firing of even a fingle mufket muft be « avoided. The men of war’s boats will be fent to their refpe&ive “ tranfports, by one in the morning. “ The General is fufliciently convinced of the good difpofition « of the troops, by what he has already feen ; he defires they will not halloo, or cry out at landing, but be attentive to the com- “ mands of their Officers, by which they can never be put into “ any confufion, or fail of fuccefs ; their Officers will lead them “ diredtly to the enemy. “ If the Admiral and General fiiould think proper to alarm the “ enemy in the beginning of the night, the troops are to take no “ manner of notice of it, but prepare themfelves to obey their or- « ders, with great exadnefs, at the appointed time, and fo as to “ be ready to row off, from the three places of rendezvous, a little “ before day-light.” The enemy’s coaft was one continued chain of ports, from cape Noir to the Hat point ; fome works were thrown up, and batteries erefted at the moft acceflible places; all the cover from thefe in- trenchments HISTORICAL JOURNAL. trenchments to the bottom of the bay, was full of irregulars. From the 2d inrtant (which was the day the fleet came to an an¬ chor) to the 7th inclufive, they were reinforcing their ports, rtrengthening their works, cannonading and bombarding our Ihips, and making every preparation in their power to oppofe the landing. The enemy, at firft, behaved with great fteadinefs, referving their fire until the boats were near in fhore, and then poured in upon them with all their cannon and mufquetry j they were commanded by Monlieur Colonel St. Julien. At the landing, two Captains, two Lieutenants, and leventy French grenadiers were made pri- fonersj and the General reaped fome advantage by the garrifon’s cannonading our troops in their purfuit, as they thereby pointed out to him the dirtance whereby he could incamp his army with fafety from the range of their artillery. As thefe particulars are not mentioned in the fublequent account of the landing of our troops, and of their operations in the courfe of the fiege, I thought it neceflary to introduce them here, in or¬ der to render the work relative to that important conqueft more complete. Camp before Louifbourg, June 8 . The army having gallantly poflefled themfelves of the ifland of Cape Breton, his Excellency General Amherft ilfued the following orders : (N. B. Parole, King George.) 169 1758. Septem¬ ber. A Colonel, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Major for picquet. The “ piquets are to lie out all night, and to be ported by the Field- “ Oilicers, partly in the front, but chiefly in the rear of the camp j and then all the out-ports to be called in, except the detach- “ ment at the Cove, with Colonel Burton.” (i June 9. “ French prifoners are to be brought to Major-General “ Amherrt, in the rear of the center of the army. All the tools, Vol. I. Z “ that i 7 o HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1758. “ that may have been taken in the different ports of the enemy, Septem- ti tQ ^ co u e £ et | together in the rear of the Royal. Lieutenant «< Tonge will mark out the ground in the rear of the regiments, <* where it may be neceffary to throw up any works; which each “ regiment will do for itfelf, taking half the intervals to fecure “ the whole rear of the camp. “ The firft brigade confifts of the Royal, ift j Hopfon’s, 40th; ** Lawrence’s, 3d battalion of the 60th; Webbs, 4^th ? ’Whit- “ more’s, 22d. « Second brigade, Bragg’s, 28th j Anrtruther’s, 58th; Frafer’s, “78th} Warburton’s, 45th j Amherll’s, 15th. “Third brigade, Forbes’s, 17th; Lafcelles’s, 47th; Monck- “ ton’s, 2d battalion of the 60th; Otway’s, 35th. “ Brigadier-General Whitmore to have the infpedlion of the “ firft brigade, “ Brigadier-General Lawrence of the fecond. “ Brigadier-General Wolfe of the third. “ All reports from the regiments to be made to the Briga- “ diers commanding the brigades, who will report them to the “ Major-General. « xhe Major-General incamps in the center of the army j the “ Brigadier- Generals in the center of their refpedtive brigades? “ the Brigade-Majors in the rear of the center of the army. “ Orderly time at ten o’clock. « All the ftanding orders given out by his Royal Highnefs the “ Duke *, of the duty in camp, to be ftriftly obeyed. “ The Admiral has promifed to fend the tents and provifions on “ {hore, as foon as poflible.” June 10th. “ As there are an hundred and forty barrels of bread, and an “ hundred and twelve calks of flour, each regiment is to receive * His late Royal Highnefs William Duke of Cumberland, Commander in Chief of the army, &c. &c. &c. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1?l “ ten barrels of bread and eight cafks of flour, and mud imme- 1758. " diately fend feventy-two men per regiment, to bring the above “ quantity to their regiments. A Subaltern Officer and twenty men “ from each battalion, armed, and a Captain per brigade, to ferve ** as convoy to this detachment, to march to the Cove, where the ** troops landed, and to apply to Colonel Burton, who will deliver “ the above bread and flour, they giving proper receipts for the ** fame; this detachment of twenty men to be taken from the “ piquet of each corps. When the rear of the army is fuffi- “ ciently fecured againfl the incurfions of the barbarians, two or “ three fmall detachments will be a fuflicient guard for each regi- “ ment. All the tents taken at the different polls, which were “ abandoned by the enemy, are to be collected by Mr. Leflie, and “ given to the five companies of rangers ; the regiments are to “ furnilh tents for their own light infantry. The arms are to be “ put into order with all polfible diligence, and a return of the “ deficiency of ammunition forthwith prepared.” “ June nth. ** A detachment of a Field-Officer, three Captains, eight Sub- “ terns, and three hundred men, with non-commiffioned Officers “ in proportion, to parade, to-morrow morning at eight o’clock, ** in the rear of the center brigade, to take poll on this fide of the “ Cove, where Colonel Burton’s detachment is, which he will “ march back to camp, as foon as relieved ; Lieutenant-Colonel “ Handheld for this duty. A report from each regiment of what “ quantity of the fix days’ provifions they have received from the ** tranfports. All the volunteers of the army to ferve with the “ light infantry, till the trenches are opened; Major Scott is to “ difpofe of them, fo that they may have fome command, and a£t ** as Officers •, they will receive provifions with that corps. The “ regiments are not to keep their arms loaded when the charge ** cannot be drawn, the men are to be collected, and fire them in “ the prefence of an Officer.” Z 2 /~\ “ (After \J2 1758 - Septem¬ ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. (After orders, eight o’clock at night.) “ A Captain per brigade, and a Subaltern and twenty men per “ regiment of the picquets of the firft and third brigades, to affem- “ ble to-morrow morning at day-break j thofe of the firft brigade “ in the front of the Royal ; thofe of the third in the center of “ the brigade, to be commanded by the Major of the picquets, “ who will receive his orders from General Amherft.” (Second after orders.) « Four hundred of the light infantry and rangers are to march “ this night, and to take port; in the woods round the upper part of the N. E. harbour, there lie in ambufcade, and cover the “ march of the detachment of the army, which will be ordered “ to take poft at L’Orembec, at the end of the N. E. harbour, ** and upon Light-Houfe point. The detachment is to confift of four companies of grenadiers, viz. 3.5th, 40th, 45th, an( ^ 47 t ^» ** under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Hale, and of the fol- “ lowing number of men to be detached from every picquet. ** Regiments. “ ift - — “ 15th - — “ 17th - — “ 22d - - “ 35 th - “ “ 40 th - — “ 45th - — “ 47th ■ — “ 48th - — “ 58th - — “ 2d battalion of Royal Americans “ 3d ditto . - — “ 78th - — Detail Cap¬ Subal¬ Serje¬ Rank and tains. terns. ants. File. f 3 4 90 1 3 4 90 1 3 4 100 1 3 4 90 1 2 3 5 ° 1 2 3 80 1 3 4 90 1 3 4 90 1 3 4 100 1 2 3 5 ° 1 3 4 100 1 3 4 90 2 6 8 200 14 39 53 1220 *« Thefe HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ Thefe 1220 men are to be put into three brigades, the firft to " be commanded by Colonel Morris, the fecond by Colonel (Lord) “ Rollo, the third by Major Rofs. “ The detachment of the right brigade are the iff battalion; “ thofe of the left brigade are the 2d battalion ; thofe of the center “ brigade are the 3d battalion; the grenadiers are the van-guard of “ this detachment, preceded only by fome of the light infantry. “ They are to be formed into battalions upon the left of each bri- “ gade, and march from thence by the left, by files, to the general “ P lace of rendezvous. The rear rank of each regiment is to ferve “ as light infantry for their own corps, and to move in a fingle file “ upon the left of the line of march, at the diftance of fifty or “ fixty yards. This detachment is to have forty rounds of ammu- “ nition, as many hatchets as can be fpared from the regiments, at “ the rate of a hatchet per man, or one for every two men; at leaft “ fix days’ provifions, a tent, and camp neceffaries for every eight “ men; the Officers muff be contented with the foldiers’ tents, till “ better provifion can be made for them : The * whole to afTemble " in the front of Amherft’s to-morrow by five in the morning, but “ fo as not t0 be perceived from the town or fhips in the harbour.” “ June 12. “ Each re g imen t to prepare a covered place for keeping their “ provifions in, that, fo foon as a communication from the landing- “ P^ ace to tb e camp is made level and good, a regiment may have “ its feparate magazine and cover, fufficient to contain three weeks’ ‘ provifions. Paths to be made good from every regiment to the " nv ? r> for t}ie conven iency of bringing water. The Commanding “ Officers of regiments are defired to have the line of redoubtt “ well fimfhed, and as foon as poffible. Twelve camp colour-men “ t0 attend the En gineers, on their furvey; the fkme men to con- * This large detachment was commanded by Brigadier-General Wolfe. “ tinue. 174 1758. Septem¬ ber. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ tinue. A Field-Officer to attend early to-morrow morning at “ the landing of the artillery, provifions, &c. to affift, with the << Captain of the man of war, in bringing the things on ffiore, and « preventing any confufion. A Captain, two Subalterns, and fixty ** men, to parade by the rear of the 22d regiment, at fix o clock, « t0 relieve the guard at the landing-place; the Captain will re- « ce i V e his orders from the Field-Officer at that place.” (After orders, feven o’clock.) “ The Major of the picquets of this night to march with the « fame number as Major Clephane did laft night, to efcoit one tt hundred and fifty pioneers (who will be aflembled at the head of ft the Royal at retreat-beating) to the hill by the water-fide, “ half a mile in the front of the Royal, where Major M‘Kellar ft w ill direct the work; the Major will remain with his picquets, ft a nd cover the workmen till it is finifhed; he will then leave ft a Captain, Lieutenant, and Enfign, with non-commiffioned “ Officers in proportion, and fifty men in the redoubt, with orders ft to defend the fame againfi: any number of the enemy that may «« advance, till he is relieved j and will efcort the pioneers back to ft the camp, who are immediately to deliver in their tools to the ft Artillery. Each regiment to fend to the Artillery, at five o clock ** to-morrow morning, for twenty pickaxes and ten fhovels, to *t make a communication along the line, as (hall be duetfted by thu tt Qoarter-Mafter-General, or his Affiftant. A Subaltern to be “ fent by Webb’&, and one by Lawrence’s, to overfee the one hun- “ died and fifty pioneers; Whitmore’s and Otway’s give the Cap- *t tains for the two brigade picquets. One hundred and fifty pio- “ neers from the right brigade; a Serjeant and thirty men from each regiment, a Subaltern from the 48th, and one from the 3d “ battalion of the 60th, to overfee the pioneers.” ^ June HISTORICAL JOURNAL. *75 ** June 13. • ' 75 ®* “ Admiral Bofcawen has ordered, that the detachments on board “ the fle et, belonging to the regiments in camp, {hall land and ‘ join their corps, as foon as poffible. The Officers commanding “ regiments may front their quarter-guards outward, or to the “ battalion, as they judge beft from the fituation of the ground. Two Subaltern Officers, and one hundred and fifty pioneers, with “ non-commiffioned Officers in proportion, to affemble in the front of the Royal, precifely at fix this evening, to follow the direc- “ tions of Lieutenant-, Engineer, with one hundred pickaxes “ and fifty ffiovels. Two Subaltern Officers, &c. (as before) to affemble in the front of the train, to have one hundred and twenty pickaxes, and thirty fhovels, and to be under the direction of Lieutenant , Engineer. One Subaltern Officer, and one “ hundred pioneers, with non-commiffioned, &c. to affemble like- wife in the front of the train, to have fifty pickaxes and fifty “ fhovels, and to obferve the directions of Lieutenant_, Engi- “ neer - The picquets of the iff and 3d brigades are to cover the “pioneers in making the redoubts; thofe of the iff, 46th, and 48th regiments, to march with one hundred and fifty pioneers “ from the front of the Royal; the picquets of the 17th, 22d, and “ 47th, to march with one hundred and fifty pioneers, that will “ Kemble in the front of the train j thofe of the 35th and 2d “ battalion of Royal Americans to march with the hundred pio- “ neers > ordered likewife in the front of the train. The pioneers “ to affemble precifely at fix o’clock this evening; the .picquets to “ march as foon as formed after retreat-beating. As the redoubts “ will be near, if not quite, finifhed by day-light, the Colonel will “ poll: a picquet in each redoubt, and as many as he may think “ neceffary to fuftain them, with an order to defend the redoubts “ again ft any part of the enemy that may advance. The Colonel “ will order back the remainder of thefe picquets, with the pio- “ neers » t0 camp, who are immediately to deliver their tools to the “ Artillery, * HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ Artillery. The picquet of the 3d battalion of Royal Americans, “ not mentioned in the foregoing order, is to be included with “ the picquets that march from the right. Two Subaltern Officers, “ with one hundred able-bodied men, and non-commiffioned “ Officers in proportion, to parade in the rear of the 22d regi- “ ment, at four o’clock to-morrow morning, to work at the Cove.” cc June 14. « When the picquets of the line are formed, two picquets of *( the right brigade, to be ported to-night at the redoubt, in the “ front of the right, near the White Point: two picquets of the “ center brigade, at the redoubt on the hill, in their front, where “ the three picquets marched to laft night: two picquets of the “ left brigade in their front, where the two picquets marched to “ laft night, to relieve the picquets as they were ported by Colonel “ Murray, who will return to camp. The arms to be all put in *< the beft order. A return from each regiment and company of “ the effective numbers for which they will receive rations. Officers “ and four women per company included, to be given in to mor- *< r ow at orderly time. A good communication to be made from “ the different brigades for the picquets to relieve the redoubts.” (After orders, eight o’clock.) “ One picquet of the left brigade, and one of the center bri- “ gade, to march immediately to the redoubts in the front of their “ refpedtive brigades, and join the picquets that marched this “ evening.” (Second after orders, nine o’clock.) “ Four Subalterns, with non-commiffioned Officers in propor- “ tion, and two hundred men of the right and center brigades, to “ parade to-morrow morning, at five o’clock precifely, in the front “ of Whitmore’s, to affift in landing and taking care of the provi- “ fions at the Cove the men of this detachment to turn their coats, when they work.” a June historical journal. i;7 _ . “ June 15. I 7 S^* “ Two Piquets from each brigade to advance to-night, thofe of Sc £ m ' “ the right brigade to the redoubt on the right, under the com- “ mand of Colonel Wilmott.—Two picquets of the left brigade to • “ advance to the redoubts on the left, under the command of Ma- " j°r Pre vo^---Two picquets of the center brigade to advance to the redoubt in the center, to be commanded by the eldert Cap- ~ tain of the Piquets. Whenever a Drummer may be fent from “ the town of Louiffiourg, he fliall be flopped by the firfl Gentries * 0 whatever advanced port he may come to, and the Officer commanding at that port will fend the letter or letters to the " General, keeping the Drummer fo that he cannot fee any of oui works, or the camp, till the anfwer from the General is " returned - If the Governor fliould fend an Officer with a letter, " who may fay he is ordered to deliver his difpatches to the Gene¬ ral himfelf, and will not give them to any one elfe, he will not “ on any account whatfoever, be permitted to advance through “ any of our ports, but fliall be kept till he delivers his difpatches, “ a " d remain there for an anfwer > or, if he perfirts in not fending t em, he fliall be kept at the out-pofts, where he cannot fee “ our works or camp, and the Officer commanding the port to “ fend a report of it to the General. “ A market to be eftablifhed at the center of the line, in the “ rear of the 47 th and 2 d battalion of the Royal Americans: no “ P rovifi ons, or liquors of any kind, fliall be permitted to be fold “ at any place but the fixed market. If any regiments, by accident, “ are in want of provifions, though the two days’ provifions when “ the regiments landed, and the^ix days they received fince, are for “ this da y inclufively, they mull fend to the landing-place’ to re- “ ceive what they want immediately, giving receipts for it to Mr. “ Goldthra P> agent-vidualler, till the covering is made for laying “ in the magazines i and the quantity muft hereafter be accounted > 0 L, I. A a 178 1758- Septem¬ ber. historical journal. « for by the regiments. All Officers who make reports of any « motions of the enemy to the General, the Brigadier-General of • ■ (he day, or any other fuperior Officer, are defired to make it in “ writing, if poffiblej particularly what they fee themfelves, “ fpeciftdng any thing they report of what others may have feen .. and reported to them. A detachment of a Field-Officer, three .. Captains, eight Subalterns, with non-commiffioned in propor- « tion, and three hundred men, to parade to-morrow morning .. eight o’clock, in the rear of the + 7 th regiment to have four .. days' proviftons with them; they are to take port on this fide « of the Cove, where Major Farquhar’s detachment is, who will «. march his party back to camp; Major Dalling for this duty. A Lieutenant^and thirty men, of the 28th regiment, to join the .. light infantry under Major Scott. One Serjeant, one Corporal, «. and fixteen men to mount as a guard on the Commander m „ Chief; this guard to begin with the Royal, remain forty-eight .. hours, and the regiments to do it by feniority. Eight Subal- « terns, non-commiffioned in proportion with hundre ^“; « ,0 work at the different Coves, on the right of the Royal, «• thefe men to turn their coats. ««• June 16. « A Serjeant, Corporal, and feventy-eight men to parade to-mor¬ row morning at eight o’clock, as an Artillery-guard,, wil re¬ main forty-eight hours, and receive their orders from Colone Williamfon of that corps. No foldiers are to be fuffered t 0 toggle beyond the redoubts in the front, or the out-pofts on the ,eft 8 and Jr of the camp. On f Captain, three Subalterns &c and two hundred men, to parade, to-morrow at four o clock for work at the Cove. The 28th, 40th, and 78th regiments to complete their ammunition immediately to fifty rounds per man, for which they are to apply to Colonel Williamfon. ^ Si it a u a it a a a HISTORICAL JOURNAL. (After orders, feven o’clock.) w A picquet from each brigade to march immediately and relieve “ the picquets in the redoubts; the 226. from the right* the 17th ** from the center, the 78th from the left.” “ June 18. ** Three Captains, eight Subalterns, &c. and four hundred work- * 4 ing men, to parade at the park of Artillery, at four o’clock in the “ morning, to be employed in making the road leading to Green- Hill, for the conveniency of tranfporting of cannon and artillery “ ftores; this party to work till one at noon, and precifely at that “ hour are to be relieved by the like number, who are to continue “ the work from that time, till ten o’clock at night; an Engineer “ will attend this fervice. A Captain, three Subalterns, &c. and “ two hundred men, to affift at landing cannon and artillery ** ftores, &c. The evening gun to be fired this evening at fun- « fet.” 44 June 19. “ The picquets to turn out, this afternoon, an hour before fun- ** fet, and march to relieve the redoubts, &c. before retreat-beating. ** The regiments on the left brigade will all parade, &c. march “ half a mile to the left, and take poll there: Major Scott with a “ large body of light infantry will march to the left of the picquets, “ taking port: between them and Major Rofs’s port at the end of ** the north-eaft harbour ; and to be ready to attack and fall on the “ flank of any parties that may attempt to land, or come out of ** the town on that fid*: Major Scott, on feeing a rocket fired on “ the hill by the Careening Wharf, which will 'be anfwered by Sir “ Charles Hardy’s fquadron, and again by the center redoubt, will “ light fires on the back of the hills behind the grand battery, and ** make all the fhew he can of having a large body of troops there. “ Major Scott to inform the Officer commanding the picquets of “ any thing extraordinary that may happen, who will report it im- A a 2 “ mediately 179 1758. Septem¬ ber ,8o HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1758. t( mediately to Brigadier Lawrence, who has orders to fupport themy e £ m ' “ if neceffary. The army not to be alarmed at the firing they may C( hear this night at the town and harbour. No Officer or foldie?, “ except thofe on duty, to be abfent from their refpedive regi- “ ments, that the whole may be ready to turn out, in cafe they “ fhould be ordered. The Officers commanding regiments are order- " ed to put only fuch guards in the fleeehes in their rear, as to fecure « them effectually from any lurking fcoundrels creeping in, and “ firing at the camp. The road party of four hundred men, &c. * ( for to-morrow, agreeable to yefterday’s orders..” M June 21. ** A working party of one Captain, two Subalterns, &c. and €t one hundred and fifty men of the line, to parade at retreat-beat- « ing this night in the front of the Artillery, where they will re- €t ceive tools, and an Engineer will be there to conduCl them, and ** direCt the work. This party is to be relieved, to-morrow mornr* “ ing at eight o’clock,, by the like number of men, who will parade “ at feven,°&c. &c. Three picquets of the iff and 3d brigades « to march to-night,, and cover thefe workmen in making the re- “ doubt, on the road that is making for the Artillery j the Colonels ** of the picquets will poll them properly: there will be a party “ of light infanty, or rangers, polled towards the town. tV “ June HISTORICAL JOURNAL. r 8r “ June 23. “ The following fpecies of provifions, as allowed on board fhip " d; % for ever y fix men, is to be delivered on fhore for four men. 1758. Septem- ber* Pounds of Bread. Pounds of Beef. Pounds of Pork. Ounces of Butter. Pints of Peafe. Pounds of Rice. “ Sunday — 4 _ 4 O “ Monday «— 4 1 8 “ Tuefday — 4 7 3 “ Wednefday —- 4 - 8 h 2 I “ Thurfday — 4 — 4 & 2 “ Friday — 4 —» r 8 r O “ Saturday - 4 7 — 3 I “ Total - 28 1.4 1 8 1 24 12 2 a a it it it it ct a a ct it a a “ The regiments that receive for a week, as per former orders will have of the different fpecies according to contract; if they chufe to take a week more, they will receive it of the different fpecies, as far as the provifions will go; and may take a note from the agent-vitf ualler for the delivery of the reft, fo foon as it (hall come into the ftores, unlefs they like to take other kinds of pro¬ vifions in lieu of it. At all times, if the regiments chufe to have nee in lieu of peafe, they may receive a pound and a half o rice in lieu of three pints of peafe, which, with the half pound allowed as per contract, makes two pounds of rice per week for each man. In the weight of all the provifions fifteen ounces- are allowed to the pound. “ A °y re g>ments that may have more than four women per company to make a return of how many they may have brought with them, over and above that number.” ** Juros lS2 1758. Septe m- ber. historical journal. « June 24. “ Brigadier-General Whitmore, Brigadier-General Lawrence, « and the Commanding Officers of regiments, having, agreeable « to the orders of the Commander in Chief, aflembled and taken « into confideration the moft^convenient method of paying the « troops employed upon the prefent expedition, as alfo the weekly « ftoppages requifite to be made for inabling the Captains to pro- « vide a feafonable and necelfary fupply of ffiirts, (hoes, (lockings, “ &c. for their companies, are unanimoufly of opinion, that the “ weekly payments ffiould be regulated as follows, viz. a Serjeant “at ten (hillings j a Corporal at fix (hillings and fix-pencej a “ Drummer at five (hillings; and a private foldier at three (hillings << p er week, New-York currency*; eight (hillings of that currency “ being equal to a dollar at four (hillings and eight pence fterling; « t h at the mens’ accounts be made up and figned mufterly, and that « the remainder of pay, and arrears due to them, be pundtually « p a id once every fix months. The fame, having been repoited to “ the Commander in Chief, has received his approbation, and is “ accordingly direfted by him to be (Iridtly obeyed and obferved (i by the army under his command. *t Ten thoufand pounds weight of fiffi having been taken from “ the enemy, the fame is to be diftributed among the troops at four “o’clock this afternoon, at the landing-place of provifions; the “ fourteen regiments of infantry, the light infantry, arullei), and “ two companies of rangers at Kennington Cove, are accordingly * A dollar at - Half dollar - Quarter ditto • An eighth ditto Sixteenth ditto .. N. York Sterling. c urreI 1 C y. s. d. s. d. ■ 4 8 - 8 0 2 4 - 4 0 -I 2 --2 O o 7 -1 o - o 3*-0 6 Weekly ftoppages. Sterling. s. d. From a Serjeant — _— Corporal _- Drummer __ Private foldier 1 o o 10 x 8 r 1 8 “ to HISTORICAL JOURNAL; ** to fend a fufficient number of men to receive their refpetflive “ proportions, as made out by Mr. Wier, who will be there to ** iil'ue it. A guard of a Serjeant and twelve men to mount upon “ the cannon that is landed.” . “ June 25. “ Four Captains, ten Subalterns, &c. and fix hundred men, to parade, to-morrow morning at four o’clock, at the Park of Artil- “ lery for work ; this party will receive their directions from an “ Engineer, who is ordered to attend them for that purpofe. The regiments will receive a double quantity of fifh, of what they “ received yefterday, on fending to the fame place and at the fame “ hour.” “ June 26th. ** The Quarter-Mailers of regiments will attend on the Navy- Head Quarters, July 9. « j am ordered by the General to acquaint you, that, when the «< a ir is clear enough (either by day or night) for the centnes to ** fee before them, you may poll them without the redoubt; but, “ when the weather will not permit them to be of that fer- « vice, you are to call them in, ffiut up the redoubt clofe, and ** place a centry at each angle j the General expeds that (as you w iH certainly be fupported) you are to defend yourfelf with that “ vigilance and fpirit recommended to you in former orders. “ Ifaac Barre, “ Major of brigade. « you are to deliver ffiefe orders to the Officer who relieves you ” All the covering parties, attending the feveral working detach¬ ments at the advanced works, were ordered to incamp in the rear of thefe works; and the Officers were to difpenfe with foldiers* tents, to prevent their being difeovered by the enemy. . General Abercromby’s manifefto, refpeding the violation, on the part of the enemy, of the capitulation of fort William-Henry, as by me already recited, was publiffied to the army before Louif- bourg, on the 14th of July. " July H I S T O R I C A L JOURNAL: t$ 7 though greatly fatigued; and there- “ fore rec l ueft m y friend will excufe me.—When more at leifure, or if I remove hence, you ihall hear from me again; I hope the “ papers that accompany this letter will fully anfwer your pur- “ P°^ es > and I lhall be happy, &c. 6cc. &c. ' ^ ad y ariet y of weat her, and generally very unfavourable until the fixth of June, on which day it was intended the army “ ?°i U I d r laRd at a pkCe Whkh General Amherft and our Brigadiers M had bef °"' made choice of: f0F this purpofe the fignal was thrown out, and the troops got into their boats; but, the wind rifmg foon a. ter, with a profpedt of angry weather, at the fame time a lumov lea rnnnir.o- o ^ more HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ more moderate; the frigates at the fame time edged in fliore, to “ attack the enemy’s intrenchments, and to cover the landing. “ After the {hips had been fome time engaged, a iignal was made “ for the troops to put off, and they rowed up and down, making “ feints, as if intending to land in different places, and thereby “ divert the enemy’s attention from any one particular part of their « coa ft. this in a great meafure anfwered our willies, and Brigader « Wolfe (whofe flag-ftaff was broke by a fwivel {hot) puflied afliore, « with his detachment, under a furious fire, and landed upon the “ left of the enemy’s works, then brifkly engaged, and routed “ them; the remainder of the army followed the example without “ lofs of time, landing almoft up to their waifts in water. The « ar< iour of the troops, in this enterprife, is not to be conceived “ nor parallelled; many boats were deftroyed, and l'everal brave « fellows drowned : yet our whole lofs at landing, I am well afiured, “ did not exceed one hundred and ten men, of all ranks, killed, “ wounded, and drowned. The enemy fled with great precipita- « t io n and Brigadier Wolfe purfued them almoft to the gates of « the town, with the light infantry, rangers, Frafer’s Highlanders, « and the grenadiers of the ift, 15th, I 7 &» and 22d regiments. “ I can only account for the unfoldier-like behaviour of the enemy “ on this occafion, by their apprehenfions, perhaps, of being cut « off from the garrifon by fome or other of the diviiions, whoin they fufpedted would land elfewhere for that purpofe j and of « feeing thereby hemmed in between two fires; they were very well “ intrenched in a circular form round the Cove, were numerous, “ and had many pieces of ordnance mounted, from twenty-four « pounders downwards, with fome mortars, &c. which were all « well ferved. Thefe, as you may fuppofe, with their intrenching « tools, ftores, ammunition, and fome provifions, fell into our hands. “ they had fome Indians among them, for we found the corp{e ol one ot tneir Chiefs, a ftout fellow, with uncommon large limbs ** and HISTORICAL JOURNAL. and features; he had a medal and crucifix of filver, both hang- “ in g b y a chai « from his neck. Though many lives were loft, in this defcent, by the overfetting of the boats, occafioned by “ an uncommon great furf, yet; I believe, we benefited by it in a “ ver y eminent degree, for, when the boats were lifted up, by the “ violence of the lwell, to a confiderable height, the enemy’s fhot, “ which would probably have done execution, had we been upon even water, paff'ed under us : and in like manner fome flew over us, in our quick tranfition from high to low; this is the only “ reafon that I can afiign for our not loling more men by the “ enemy s fire. The weather continued rough and unfavour- “ able, fo that we had no communication with our fleet for feveral “ days; coniequently, having no tents on fhore, and a very fliort al- “ l°wance of provifions, our fituation was far from being comfort- “ able. On the night of the nth, the enemy deftroyed the grand “ batter y wb ich is oppofite to the harbour’s mouth, and retired “ into the town; in confequence thereof. Brigadier Wolfe received “ orders t0 march with a large detachment, and take polTeffion of the Light-houle Point, which, w r ith the Ifland battery, form the entrance of the harbour. We have an incredible deal of labour “ on our hands, cutting and making fafeines, gabions and hurdles; “ intrenching our camp and pofts, erecting blockhoufes, throw- “ ing up redoubts, making roads for our artillery, through a vile countiy, partly rough (worfe, if poflible, than the ground we “ incamped on laft year at Halifax) but in general fwampy; ad- “ vancing our lines or approaches, conftrudfing batteries, and fleir- “ mi thing continually with the rabble in the woods round our camp, who are very troublefome neighbours ; fuch are the em- “ ployments of the army, often by night as well as by day ; fuch “ the toils we have to encounter, in the progrefs of this enterprife; “ yet with inexpreflible pleafure I behold the zeal of the troops tui mounting every difficulty, in all which they have noble ex¬ amples before them in our General Officers. On the night of 1 ol. I C c “ the 194 1758. Septem¬ ber. historical journal. “the 19th Brigadier Wolfe opened on the Ifland battery, which “ however was not filenced until the 25th} he alfo quieted the fire “ of a frigate that gave us much annoyance.—We then (for I was “ upon that fervice) got orders to rejoin the army with our artillery, “ and leave a ftnall detachment with fome fhip-guns at the Point, “ to prevent the enemy’s repairing their works and batteries on the “ ifland. On the 26th, a party of the enemy fallied out, and at- “ tempted to deftroy one of our blockhoufes by fire, hoping thereby “ to favour a coup they had projeded (as we furmife) of greater “ importance; but they were difappointed and beat back to their “ garrifon with fome lofs. A command of Marines were landed “ for the firft time, and took poft at the Cove, which is to be re- “ lieved from the fleet. On the night of the 30th we had a fmall « alarm from that quarter, the Marines having apprehended an at- “ tack from the favages and other irregulars. The enemy funk four « {hips in the harbour’s mouth, to obftrud the channel and prevent “our fleet’s going in; the troops are growing fickly, particularly C< t he New-England-men, their diforders moftly the ftnall-pox. w July the ift. « ^ party of the enemy fkulked out, to procure fome fire-wood « (as ’tis fuppofed;) they were inftantly drove back to the town by “ Mr. Wolfe’s detachment: deferters are daily coming out to us; « they are moftly Germans; fay they were bafely betrayed and forced “ into the French fervice: the enemy’s fliips in the harbour conti- “ nue to annoy us confiderably. “ July the 9th. «« A. ftrong Jortie was made by the garrifon ; and, though their “ men were fhamefully drunk, yet they furprifed fome of our troops, “ and a fmart rencounter enfued; but fome companies of grenadiers, << coming up, foon put an end to the fray, and repulfed them with “ the lofs of an hundred killed and wounded ; moft of the latter were taken HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 195 “ taken prifoners; many of them in their retreat threw down their *758. “ arms, which we alfo recovered ; * we had about forty men and ^berT “ Officers killed and wounded. “ July the nth. “ Brigadier Wolfe is now about leven hundred yards from the “ Weft gate, whence he has damaged the town confiderably with his “ Shells; he is eredting a battery of four thirty-two pounders, and fix “ twenty-four pounders: our moft advanced lodgement is not fix hun- £C dred yards from the garrifon. The making of roads for our artillery “ has been the moft painful of our labour, and, though now almoft “ completed, they muft neverthelefs undergo daily repairs : the weather “ does not generally favour our operations. General Amherft is in- “ defatigablej he vifits our outpofts, batteries, and other works, “ every day ; and is continually concerting plans and reconnoitering “ new places, from which he can moft fenfibly infult the enemy’s ** works, and accelerate the fiege. “ July the 15th. “ Some rockets were thrown up by the Lighthoufe detachment, as “ a lignal to the fleet of fome fliips ftealing out of the harbour; “ which were anfwered by Admiral Sir Charles Hardy’s fquadron, “ who inftantly put to fea. we have now brought our approaches fo near, as to be “ able to beat off the Gunners from the enemy’s baftions with our “ mufketry. u July the 24th. « The enemy’s fire is by no means fo fpirited as for fome time “ pad. Some hundreds of feamen were fent on {hore, to affifi: in “ forwarding the new batteries. cc July the 26th. “ Laft night the Admiral fent a body of failors, with the boats « of the fleet, and a proper number of naval Officers under two “ * Captains, (whofe names I cannot learn) to take or burn the « remainder of the {hips in the harbour, as they confiderably annoyed < c us, and retarded our operations : this fervice was well performed, ct and with very little lofs; the la Prudente, of feventy-four guns, “ being a-ground, they burnt her; the other, which is a fixty-four f, « they took, and towed into the north-eafl: harbour. To-day the « garrifon propofed to furrender; they demanded the fame terms “ which had been granted to the valiant Blakeney at Minorca; but, “ being told they muft fubmit at diferetion, they at length found “ themfelves under the neceflity of complying ; and the whole ifland « of Cape Breton, the more fertile ifle of St. John, together with “ their inhabitants, are all comprehended in the treaty. The day “ following Brigadier Whitmore (who is to remain Governor) took “ pofiefiion, placed guards at all the gates, arfenals, magazines, &c. « and received the fubmiffion of the French troops, by grounding “ their arms on the parade in his prefence. Eleven Hands of co- “ lours are fallen into our hands, which, with all the prifoners, are »< to be fent to England: they amount (I am told) to almoft 6coo, * The Captains La Forey. and Balfour. This was a remarkable gallant action. f The Bianfaifant. men* HISTORICAL JOURNAL; “ men - We bave g ot immenfe quantities of ftores of all kinds, with ** r ° me ammu nition and provifions, and a refpedable artillery: the “ enemy have now, both by fea and land, fuftained a fatal blow in “ America. Mr. Amherft has difplayed the General in all his “ proceedings, and our four Brigadiers are juftly intitled to great “ praifes; Mr. Wolfe being the youngeft in rank, the moil adive “ part of the fervice fell to his lot; he is an excellent Officer, of “ great valour ’ wllich has confpicuoufly appeared in the whole courfe “ of this undertaking. The troops behaved as Britiffi troops ffiould “ do, and have undergone the fatigues of this conquefl chearfully and 7 ith f ea t fteadinefs; the light infantry, who are inconceivably ufeful, did honour to themfelves and to that General who firft faw “ the neceffity of forming thefe corps. The troops have fuffered “ conflderabl y b y ^ohnefs; but, though I am told fo, I find, upon „ r qU , iry, 4 1 C c lorS haS been mo % amon g the rangers and New England art.ficers, to whom the fmall-pox has proved very fatal • “ the greateft unanimif y ha * fubfified throughout this whole arma- " ment both naval and military, and Admiral Bofcawen has and it$ ^P-dencies, (hall rep! “hem P W3r ’ “ th ' Admira ' fhaU ftnd *° ‘e«ive Article IV. The Porte Dauphine (hall be delivered up to his Britannic Majefty s troops at eight o’clock to-morrow morning, and the garrifon, comprehending all thole who have carried arms! (hall be drawn up at noon upon the Efplanade, and lay down their arms colours, implements, and ornaments of war: and the garrifon (had be embarked to be lent to England in a convenient time. w "It V . T~ THe fa ” e Mre fllal1 be taken of ‘he lick and je °“ which are m the hofpitals, as thofe of his Britannic Ma- Article VI -The merchants and their clerks, who have not borne arms, (hall be tranfmitted to France in fuch manner as the Ad- niiral fhaU judge proper. Done at Louifbourg the 26 th of July, i ?5 S. Signed *— De Drucour. A return of the (late of the garrifon when it furrendered, &c Regiment D’Artois _ __ 4 66 - -de Bourgogne — __ —-- de Cambife — __ Volontaires Etrangers — __, ^ Twenty-four companies of Marines, 1 and two of Artillery _ _ | IOl 7 Inhabitants of both fexes — _ Seamen, &c. &c. - - 26o6 Total 9^37 ...C-•-* )s “ ■- 199 1758 . Septem¬ ber, A return 200 » 75 8 - Septem¬ ber, 7 th, historical journal. A return of the artillery, ammunition, and (lores, which fell into our hands upon the furrender of Loudbourg : 11 (lands of colours. 220 drums. 222 pieces of cannon. 6 iron thirteen inch mortars, 2 with iron beds. 2 brafs thirteen inch mortars. 3 ten-inch mortal. 4 royals. 200 fpare carriages. 13000 (lands of arms. 4000 (hells. 14000 (hot. 200 boxes of fmall (hot. 3000 barrels of powder. 10000 barrels of flour. 1 5000 barrels of beef and pork. An account of the lofs fuftained by the French navy at Louifbourg. La Prudent - L’Entreprennant Le Capricieux - Le Celebre - Le Bienfaifant - L’Echo - - The Diana - The Apollo - The Fidele - The Chevre - La Biche - - - 74 Guns'] 74 64 64 64 26 3 6 5 ° 22 22 18 ^Burnt. ^Taken. "(Were funk by the enemy in l the harbour (as were alfo \ four large merchantmen. Eleven Sail. 514 Guns. This morning, at five o’clock, I commanded a large detachment „ the forefts S. S. E. of our garrifon, in order to cut down wood or a feu de jm , a parcel of carts belonging to the town s-peo[ which had never made their appearance hnce tie arm a egiment, being carefully hoofed up) were fent out on thrs occafion, mended by their refpeflive proprietors. Having dilcovere r,ains of a fire ftill burning, we concluded fome of the rabble ha been fcnlking there , and, to prevent a furprife, "en « Historical journal. iubdivided, and marched by two diftinrt mode • * i *» our ground, where, I 7 kvt "tdTn “ ^ a Serjeant and twelve men advanced a little —todf'' V '‘ h tempt by thefe gem de bois , we fet to work a* 3ny at ~ few hours, loaded thirty carts with • u * Z’ the f P ace of a fire to the fbreft in fevL h ! under-wood. We fet had there been any wind abroad ^hef ’ KtUmed *° the fort: cleared a large tra/of ground, Z^Z^ "—^r;ssr*- -a— i, by three vollies from the troops rlT s ° f ‘ h \ bl - k houfe S , and tificers railed a large pile o7 Z T fort in the morning and in tb~ “ Ut and dravv n to the height of fixty feet, on the tops of “which iheJfa'ed‘T "'Tr* at night-fall a rocket was thrown up as a fend ft* ° fp ' tch! be played off, that had been prepared bv thfr ° r ^ fire " works to the pile, &c. which was done amidft the joyfuTacl UgbtiD 8 troops and town's people of all ages and bothfcjS/ **“ man was advanced to the foldiers, and the Offir * °, /h , 1,liq ^P er tlemen, repaired to the Commandant’s quarters wh ^ ment was provided for them ,e i ^ f ’ where an entertain- “• »•*»;. h.„a *• twenty-one guns : all the barracks and , ^ d,fchar S e °f andjrc- nigh, was concluded with great feffivhy TnTgerleS'good th/port-Major and'oth^appeared'in'belwRof the ar rifon t ’° n t0-da ^ : hehaTbeerTfetded here^he l/' 7^’ ' hat '^ duri "g‘he many yZl ou, againft the ™-hi„g Vol. I. 7 Capat ‘^ ° P a TOlun «« guide, and that Dd he 201 1758. Septem- be. rotli. 202 I75 8 - Septem¬ ber* 16th. 23d. historical journal. he always feemed to have his Majefty’s fervice at heart * that his brother-in-law Johnfton did once come here m the n ght about ten months ago; that, feeing him unarmed he afked h.m ,0 feive and deliver him to the garrifon ; and fa.d, he would aflually have done it, if his wdfc.Mlo was taeesT that between lo7*y r and P Iffeaion he never underwent fuch a confl.ft in his life; that there were no cattle ilolen from this place at that tune, for that he fent the fellow away immediately, ftill perfiftmg in his menace of informing againft him, if ever he fhould prefume to fliew his face here again ; and that moreover he told his wife in Johnfton s nrefence, tha.fif ever he, or any of her kindred, fhould meet with the leaft encouragement from her, while he (t re pn ° ncr ) “ ’ would put her on board of the firft veffel outward bound and tranfport her to She continent. He added, that he now fuppofed, if any in¬ formation was brought or fent by the enemy againft him it was the refult of malice. He concluded with faying he was an Englifhman born • that he and his father had been Serjeants, and h.s grandfather a Surgeon, in the army; and that no confutation whatever could in¬ fluence him to aft the Traylor to King George and Old England This man was acquitted to the fatisfaOion of the gamfon,as well as the inhabitants of the town, was inftantly enlarged, had his papers returned to him, and was reftored to all former emoluments. This morning the Fort-Major, with Mr.Dyfon, two Officers, and twenty men, went down to the entrance of this river, m order to re¬ connoitre the bay. They carried telefcopes with them, to try if t ey could make any difcoveries towards St.Johns ar our, or e a J a " coun ,ry : they returned late in the evening without feeing any * Thbday 1 drived his Majefty’s floop of war, Captain Rogers, from St John’s river; by whom we learn that Brigadier Monckton, wrth the 35* andfecond battahon of Royal American regimenfe a de- historical journal. tachment of the royal train of artillery, and a large body of rangers, had arrived in that river on Saturday the 16th inftant; that they landed without oppofition, hoifted Britifh colours on the old French fort, were repairing it with all expedition, and building barracks for a garrifon of three hundred men. This gentleman adds, that, upon his {hip’s firft entering that harbour, he faw three of the enemy; that one of them fired his piece up in the air as a fignal, and then they ran off into the woods ; that the Brigadier is making preparations to proceed farther up the river with a parcel of armed {loops and fchooners, in order to deftroy fome ftorehoufes, and an Indian fettlement, that are about twenty-five leagues up that river, beyond our New Fort * Captain Rogers fays, that fome prifoners who were taken at Louifbourg gave information, that, if our expe¬ dition there had mifcarried, the enemy were determined to make themfelves mafters of Annapolis Royal, Fort Cumberland, and Fort Edward ; after which they propofed to furprife and burn the town of Halifax j and all thole gallant feats were to have been performed before the expiration of this autumn. By a letter which the Com¬ manding Officer here was favoured with from Brigadier Monckton, we have the following particulars:-That Sir Charles Hardy, with feven {hips of the line, and the three following regiments under Brigadier Wolfe, viz. the 15th, 28th, and 58th, were gone to de¬ ftroy all the French fettlements on the river St. Lawrence, as high up as Gafpee bay j that four hundred rangers and regulars, under the command of the Major of the 35th regiment, were landed at Cape Sable, in order to rout the Indians and others from thence; and that two armed Hoops keep cruifing off that cape for the Ma¬ jor's fervice, and to prevent the vermin from getting off in their ca- 203 175 8. Septem¬ ber. a * This is the fervice that was intended to be performed by Brigadier Lawrence with the 27th, 43d, and 46th regiments, in Auguft 1757 ; but was prevented by two of the(e corps being ordered to proceed with the main body of the army to the fouth- ward, upon the news of the unhappy fate of fort William-Henry. D d 2 noes. 204 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. * 75 8 - noes. The Brigadier faid he had intended that we ffiould fend a Septem- , , ° ber. detachment from hence, to affift thofe at Cape Sable, in cafe the inhabitants had directed their courfe this way ; but, recollecting the weaknefs of our garrifon, he laid that projeCt afide, and has fent orders here to keep clofe and not fuffer the foldiers or inhabitants to (tray to any diftance. Our Major was alfo favoured with the following difpofition of the troops, viz. the 22d, 28th, 40th, and 45th regiments are eftablilhed at Louiffiourg; the 15th, 58th, and 3d battalion of Royal Americans, commanded by Governor Lawrence, at Halifax; the ift, 17th, 47th, 48th, and Frafer’s Highlanders are gone to Bofton to proceed to the army. 25th. This morning the Ulyffes floop of war failed for St. John’s har¬ bour : the Fort-Major was fent to Brigadier Monckton, to give him a true Rate of this garrifon, refpeCting its almoft defencelefs condition, together with our barracks, foldiers bedding, and many &castera’s correfpondent therewith, particularly the difficulties we undergo in the article of firing, and the want of candle-light for the troops here during the winter-feafon. 26th. A Hoop arrived here from Old York with timber, planks, and boards, for the new fort at St. John’s river. 27th. Alfo this day a fchooner from Bofton, with cattle, liquors, and ve¬ getables, for the lame place. By this laft veflel we have the pleafure to learn, that Colonel Bradftreet was detached from lake George with three thoufand men, compofed of regular and provincial troops, be- fides a body of favages, to lake Ontario, in order to undertake the de*- molition of Fort Frontenac, where the enemy had a grand magazine ; that the Colonel landed within a mile of the fort, on the 25th of Auguft, without oppofition ; and the garrifon furrendered on the 27th; confifting of one hundred and twenty Regulars, forty Indians and Canadians, with a few women and children, who are all pri- foners of war. They had in this fort fixty pieces of cannon, and fix- teen mortars, of different calibres; an immenfe quantity of provi- fions, ftores, and ammunition for the French troops, their barbarous allies; HISTORICAL JOURNAL, 205 allies, and their numerous forts, S. S. W. and S. S. E. of Fronte- 1758: nac. The Colonel alfo made himfelf matter of nine armed vefiels, Se £ em “ mounting from eight to eighteen guns, which was all the naval force the enemy had on the Lake Ontario; that thefe veflels were richly laden, mfomuch that the article of beaver-fkins, and other furs, are valued by the French at feventy thoufand Louis-d’ors. We are like- wife informed, that our troops have burned and deftroyed the fort, provilions, magazines, ttores, artillery, and all the veffels except the two largett, on board of which the Colonel had removed the fkins and other mott valuable prizes : that the enemy have futtained a fatal blow by this expedition, and the confequences will be very great to us, as it will not only facilitate Brigadier Forbes’s operations againft Fort du Quefne and the country of the Ohio, but alfo (as it is fup- pofed) defeat the deligns of the enemy againft our forts and lettlements upon the Mohawk river. This enterprife does great honour to Ge¬ neral Abercromby, as well as to Colonel Bradftreet, who fo gallantly executed it, ® * Several Hoops arrived to-day with ttores of all kinds for St. John’s : the reafon of their touching at this place is to be afcertained of our fleet and forces being there before them. Mr. Commiffary Winllow landed here this day, by whom we had the fatisfadlion to receive a large parcel of European and other letters. Among thefe I was fa¬ voured with one from a brother Officer under Colonel Bradftreet, da¬ ted from Ofwego , which, as it contains no other particulars than a confirmation of the foregoing account of that fuccefsful undertaking, I think it unneceffiary to recite it here.—Mr. Winflow informs us, that the 43d regiment will be relieved in a month’s time, but our de- funation he could not give us any account of. There are letters here to the fame purpofe, with this difference, that the detachments ot the regiments here and at Fort Edward will ffiortly remove hence; .' j w ^ en or where feems to be a matter of great confequence, and is kept more private than affairs of this nature feem to me to re¬ quire^ 206 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1758. quire. We learn from Fort Cumberland, (which I am inclined to S b P er m * think will be our next winter’s quarters) that a Frenchman, hufband to one of the female captives who was brought in there lad fummer by the rangers, advanced lately up to the fort, under a flag of truce, and furrendered himfelf, on account of his wife and children. We have the pleafure to hear, that all the French families, who lived in the remote parts of the ifland of Cape Breton and St. John, are daily repairing to Louifbourg with their arms, to fubmit to the General’s mercy. By the difpofition his Excellency has made of the forces lince the reduction of thefe iflands, and the different fervices on which they are employed, the mod effectual meafures are purfued to extirpate the enemy from this province, and to difable them from ever making any figure in this part of the world. By all accounts the French troops pretend they were as well pleafed to deliver up Louifbourg^ to us, as we are at the fuccefs of our arms *. They were greatly terrified with the apprehenfions of a dorm, and the confequences that would probably have followed. They alfo feared led our Highlanders fliould not give them quarter; and that the army in general would make reprifals for the inhuman infradion of the capitulation of Fort Wil¬ liam-Henry. Thefe reafons, together with a confcioufnefs of their having adted an ungenerous part, in the courfe of the fiege, by dif- charging nails, hinges, latches, and all kinds of old iron, from their guns, where there was no fcarcity of fair fhot, was a fufficient cauie for their fufpicions and fears. Thus conference makes cowards , &c. The Volontaires Etrangers, that compofed part of their garrifon, were originally railed for the King of Pruflia’s fervice ; but, being betrayed, and fold to the French King, they were fent to America, and ai rived * The French talk of the illand of Minorca, fince it fell into their hands, as if it was of fuch confequence, that Britain could not poflibly fubfift without it: but, as to Capu Breton and its dependencies, they are no lofs to France ; they are only a flea-bite, and Monfieurs were as glad to furrender them, as we could be in reducing them. Thus do thefe arch politicians affed to reconcile to themfelves every event that can happen. at HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 2oy at Louifbourg a fliort time before our invafion of that ifland: a 1758. great many of the private foldiers are entertained in our troops, at Se £ c e e r m ” their own requeft ; and have promifed to ferve us faithfully, from principle, againft the French ; to whom they exprefs having a na¬ tural and unalterable averfion. A plot was difcovered at Halifax, before Brigadier Monckton left that place: fome Dutch fettlers were to have aflifted a detachment of regulars, Acadians and Savages, under Monfieur Bois Hibert, to furprife and fire the town, and in the confufion to butcher all the troops and inhabitants; a cellar full of arms was difcovered, and fome of the confpirators were hanged. A night or two after the dete&ion of this horrid affair, a great fmoke was feen in the woods behind the town, which alarmed the garrifon; the guards turned out, the troops repaired to their ports, and continued under arms for three nights* till at length the French partifan, finding no fignal made for him, concluded the en- terprife was difcovered, and, therefore, thought proper to remove himfelf, and his barbarous accomplices, to fome other quarter. Veflels are continually running between this port, Bofton, Hali- Oaober. fax, and St. John’s, now fort Frederic; from the latter of thefe places our Fort-Major is returned ; he fays, that new fort will be a ftrong compact place, will mount twenty-one pieces of cannon, from fours to twelve pounders, befides feveral mortars, fwivels, and wall-pieces; and that the barracks for the garrifon are almoft finiih- ed. Brigadier Monckton had detached a fmall reconnoitring party of rangers up the country; they proceeded to the dirtance of eighty miles, keeping the courfe of the river; and at their return reported, that they faw feveral large fettlements, with fields of corn ftill (landing, but did not difcover any of the enemy. The prifoners that were at fort Cumberland have been fent down to fort Frederic, to ferve as guides and pilots on the river St. John; they have in- formed the Brigadier, that Bois Hibert was expected to be at this 6th: time at the head of that river, with five hundred regulars and mi¬ litia, and two hundred favages; but that upon the approach of our if ao8 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ^^758* armament they will retire, except they have lately received orders from Monfieur de Vaudreuil (Governor-General of Canada) to aft otherwife: they add, that the two privateers* are above the Falls, and may be eafily recovered. Colonel James, of the 43d regiment, has lately fuftained a great lofs; his fervant, who was a Frenchman, or Swifs, and had been many years a foldier in the regiment, de- ferted from fort Cumberland, and took with him near eighty guineas, a fulfil, a pair of filver-mounted piftols, a fword mounted with the fame metal, and feveral other articles ; before he went off, he com¬ municated his intentions to the French female prifoners, who gave him full directions about the road he Ihould take, and the places where it was moll probable he would fall in with the enemy; for which (and perhaps other favours) the deferter rewarded them with a hat full of filver, being dollars, fourths and eighths of the fame money, as he apprehended fuch a quantity might be too weighty for him to carry away. A large party of regulars and rangers were fent in purfuit, but did not come up with him; they took one prifoner, deftroyed a large fettlement, and burned above two hun¬ dred bufbels of wheat and other provifions. Brigadier Monckton, being immediately apprifed of this robbery, detached a party of rangers as far as Pitfcordiac river, in hopes to intercept the deferter; but they alfo returned without meeting him : they furprifed two Frenchmen fifhing, who were taken, after a fruitlefs refiftance; upon the return of the rangers to fort Frederic, the two prifoners were very fullen, and refufed to give any intelligence; but, being threatened with a gibbet, they afterwards proved more open, and were very ferviceable; Colonel James has fince recovered the greateft pari, of the dollars and fmall money, which the French women had * Thefe privateers were the Eagle trading floop, and the Endeavour fchooner, who were turpi it'ed as they lay at anchor; Meares and Grow were the Matters, who with the ■other Teamen were fent to Quebec. concealed HISTORICAL journal. concealed in fome of their old rags, in holes of the chimney and other hiding-places of the apartment where they are con¬ fined. A lloop from New-York arrived to-day, and twelve recruits for the regiment; there are private letters by her, which mention, that the army, under Brigadier-General Forbes, have at length arrived w.thin fifty miles of fort Du Quefne; that a party of eight hundred men were detached from thence to reconnoitre, and take poll at an advantageous place in the neighbourhood, there to wait for the army: but unfortunately falling in with a detachment of the enemy, (moilly Indians) our party was almort cut to pieces, and intirely routed; Major Grant (a very gallant Officer) of a battalion of young ig anders commanded this advanced party, and is left behind, badly wounded; by all accounts, it has been a moil painful cam- tTco"ne°wiffi Sa i! er KO 'i!r S \ arI ”r’ ‘ hey havin S incredible difficulties to cope with, being obliged to fight for every inch of ground they gain in their march. 5 7 Q le “ er ® me " tIon > that ^is rencounter happened at fort Du t’tsof th/f j0r WaS a “ aCted *•»*"“>* *» i- • 6,116 name ’ at a lmal1 difta nce from each other • it Zt W l °" K he riVCr ° hi0> and the 0th " a branch of rain and 7 °' d ° Ck ' We had an fall of that’ever was I: 0 " ’ 7 “ f ° 1,0Wed thc moft dreadful p ‘ " k " n ln thls country, with the wind at well; it did tearing 1 ^ * 7 ** 7’ ^ “ breakin S down dikes and fences, tea ing up efpahers and other trees in the gardens. Having boats the tide° C f b f deS dnpping 0ur barracks and the two blockhoufes: the tide role above thirty feet higher than ufual, and a (loop from - ork, that lay at anchor clofe to the wharf, was dragged from that layLthe f d'" 77 ^ ,he huU ° fan 0,cl fl °°P hres dm „ ,He rMd ° rilreet ’ beat d °™ feveral inclo- Vol l aSa ‘ “ Merdlant ' s frorehoufe, which thereby re- ^ ceived 209 o2&. r^th. 18 th.- aid 1758. October. 22d. 25th. 27th. 28th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ceived great prejudice ; and with her bowfprit almoft Gripped his dwelling-houfe adjoining, and there fixed herfelf. This being the day of his Majefty’s happy coronation, the fame was duly obferved : after the firing, all the men off duty, together with the artificers and town’s-people, went up to the New-’fork floop, and in vain endeavoured to launch her. We had a fall of fnow laft night, which to-day is above our ancles ; the winter fets in earlier and with a greater profpetf: of rigour, than it did laft year; the inhabitants are unanimous in their opinion, that our laft was a remarkable mild one, for this climate. A floop is returned from fort Frederic; the Mafter of her allures us, that the Cape Sable detachment have been very fuccefsful; that they furprifed one hundred men, women, and children, whom they made prifoners; burned and deftroyed all their fettlements, and fent their captives to Halifax, to be tranfmitted from thence to Europe. With inconceivable pleafure we now behold the fituation of affairs moft happily changed, in this province, by the glorious fuccefs of his Majefty’s arms at Louilbourg : the wretched inhabitants of this country, as well French, as the Aborigines, are now paying dear for all their inhuman and barbarous treatment of Britilh fubjedls,. and feeling the juft weight of our refentment. A few nights ago, as the Ulyffes floop of war was going over the Falls on St. John’s river above fort Frederic, Ihe ftruck and in- ftantly funk ; there were not any lives loft j moft of the calks and many other articles (military ftores excepted) floated towards the- fliore, and have been fince recovered. Brigadier Monckton, and the forces are gone up the rivei fiom Fort Frederic; this intelligence is received by a brig from thence, who was difpatched here for provifions, iron work, a forge and bellows, &c. &c. and alfo for fome Smiths and Carpenters. Troops that are confined to the retired forts in this country lead a very infipid* difogree- zri r 75«- Oftobcr. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. cilfigreeable kind of life, foldiers are naturally fond of variety and aftivtty ; the want of a good colledion of books » is a ver y fenfible lofs to the Officers, and the conllant famenefs in all we hear and fee is ttrefome, one day being the dull duplicate of an- other.-This fituation of affairs has induced the Officers of this garnfon to addrefs Major Elliot, by letter, requeuing him to tranf- mit our fen.imen.s to Colonel James, and to intreat he will apply o the Commander in Chief, without lofs of time, in the name of e w to e corps, that the 43d regiment may be employed with the army m the enfuing campaign. This has produced a difcovery of a c.rcumftance, which has been hitherto preferred with great ecrecy, viz that the whole regiment will meet at fort Cunfber- land by the latter end of this month, until which time, our ap- plication may be poftponed. Moderate weather to-day. A party of men, with feveral Of- No,,™ ficers, went to the orchards, fcoured the country, for feveral miles ' " ;; it ,°ut making the leaft difcovery, and returned to the fort abom two oclock in the afternoon, loaded with apples. We have variety of weather, and very cold for the feafon ; this ay was celebrated, as, 1 hope, it always will be, by every true Bnton, and tincere friend to his country and the prefen. govern- v e , 1 lale a ‘ length ' after ' ncret hble difficulty, launched the New-York Hoop with very little damage. Upon 0 reveal of this work, I find I have elfcwhere mentioned our .real lofs in thu vicesi rhefe poUlical fenLnls, how ih llow 21 ^ °" ^ ! ''- ZZzzttfx nr nj > can be attributed the neglefl paid bv thr c u the purchafe of a .root] reo-impnvni n,. . . f • P y tllc Ufficers of each corps tt» I earneftJy recommend V ' !,. rai ' V ’ 01 1 clr entertainment as well as improvement, ftance for the future. 1 ° ^ **** brethren to W attention to this circum- E e 2 0ur her 1 ft. 4th» .212 *75 8 - Novem¬ ber. 5 th. 8 th. loth. 15th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. „ Our Chaplain gave us an excellent difcourfe to-day, fuitable t® this anniverfary j a fmart froft, with fome fnow : the Snowbiids are coming in now in numerous flocks, which the inhabitants look upon as a prelude to a fevere winter. A Mafter of a veflel from Cafe© Bay is impowered to treat with the Commanding Officer for land in this diftriCt, in behalf of thirty-five families, who are defirous to remove here from the caftern parts of New-England j he fays, if they hav.e good encou¬ ragement, it will probably be productive of five hundred families coming over to fettle herej our Commandant has referred him to Brigadier Monckton, at fort Frederic. Frofty weather, with violent drifts of fnow j the Officers of the civil branch of this garrifon, and the inhabitants of the town, propofe to apply, without lofs of time, to Governor Lawrence, for new grants of lands on this river, as alfo to have their old ones renewed; they expeCt to procure a great number of fettlers from the fouthward. It froze fo hard thefe two nights paft, that the Officers had pleafant fkaiting to-day j the air is uncommonly cold j his Ma- jefty’s birth-day was celebrated as ufual ; at night feveral rockets were thrown up, and other fire-works of a curious conftruCtion exhibited. High wind and rain : a veflel is arrived from Bofton with pro- vifions j the Mafter informs us, that two agents failed fome time ago for Halifax, in behalf of thirty families, who are defirous to fettle at the head of this river j he fays they are an Iriffi colony, moftly weavers, and of other branches of the linen manufa&ory : we have the pleafure to be aflured, that Major-General Atnherft is appointed Commander in Chief of all his Majefty’s forces in Ame¬ rica, and Colonel of the 60th regiment (confifting of four batta¬ lions) and that Colonel Gage is preferred to be a Brigadier- General. We have alio the fatisfaCtion to be credibly informed, that the army under General Forbes has lately gained a fignal victory, with inconfiderable HISTORICAL JOURNAL. inconfiderable lofs, over the enemy, at or near Loyal Hanning, on their march to fort Du Quefne. Brigadier Wolfe has been alfo fuccefsful at Gafpee, and the N. N. E. parts of this province; has made fome hundreds of prifoners, and burned, among other fet- tlements, a moft valuable one called Mont Louis : the Intencfant of the place offered one hundred and fifty thoufand livres to ran- fom that town and its environs, which were nobly rejected: all their magazines of corn, dried fifh, barrelled eels, and other pro- vifions, which they had for themfelves and the market of Quebec, were all deflroyed; wherever he went with his troops, deflation followed; but he would not fuffer the leaf! barbarity to be com¬ mitted upon any of the perfons of the wretched inhabitants. Among the captives made by the Cape Sable detachment, is Mon- fieur De Senclave, a French Miflionary. Governor Lawrence has published a proclamation, for the immediate fettlement of this province. An Officer at fort Cumberland writes to his brother here, that the regiment is to be imprifoned this winter at that place, and that the Colonel is in daily expectation of us; in con- fequence of this certain information, we have packed up, and pre¬ pared for our removal. A hard froft for thefe two days: feveral uncommonly large fires are feen this day, at a very great diftance towards the head of this river, which we fuppofe to be occafioned by parties from the Cape Sable detachment, who are burning fettlements, and clearing the country. Some guns were heard this morning from the bay, which, we conjefture, are to notify the return of Brigadier Monckton, and the troops, from the upper part of St. John’s river to fort Fre¬ deric ; we are in hourly expectation of being relieved by a detach¬ ment of the 35th regiment. A fchooner is arrived here to-day, aftex a palfage of four days only, from Bofton; this is very remark¬ able, that run being often from eight to fourteen days, but gene¬ rally fix or feven; ihe is bound to fort Frederic with King’s pro- vifians. 214 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Novem- ber. 21ft. 22d. 23d. 24th. vifions, and was put in here by a contrary wind; it blows frefh with a gentle froft. An hofpital Ihip with lick men, and a fmall floop with conva- lefcents belonging to the 35th regiment, together with their Sur¬ geon, arrived this day from fort Frederic. Some tranfports arrived this morning, with part of the relief from the new fort; Lieutenant-Colonel Fletcher came on fhore in the afternoon, and was faluted by eleven guns. The remainder of the detachment failed up to-day, amounting in all to five companies j the eftablilhment of the regiment is one thoufand men, and the Adjutant allures me they do not want above eighty men to complete the ten companies, which is a tri¬ fling number, confidering the fervices whereon that corps have been employed thefe feven months pall. The other half of the regiment is fiationed between fort Frederic and fort Edward, three companies at the former of thefe places, and two at the latter; the battalion of Royal Americans, that was employed with the 35th, are failed, under Brigadier Monckton to Halifax : the ran¬ gers are cantoned throughout the province as ufual, and the light infantry, which were compofed of chofen men from the different regiments, are returned to their refpedtive corps. The detachment of the 35th difembarked to-day, and marched into the fort; part of our baggage was put on board the tranf¬ ports ; the weather has been raw and wet for feveral days pafl. We have the pleafure of meeting with fome of our old acquain¬ tances among the Officers of this new garrifon, who inform us, that, when Brigadier Monckton and the forces were landing at St. John’s, a body of two hundred Indians, who always inhabited the banks of that river, lay in ambulh on the top of a cape, or head¬ land, which commands the place of difembarkation ; that they were very eager to fire upon our troops, but were prevented by fome of their Sachems or Chiefs, who told them, ‘ that, if they * propofed making peace with the Engliih, which, in the prefent * fituation HISTORICAL JOURNAL; lituation of affairs, they earneftly exhorted them to think of, ‘ this would be a bad MY to effeft it.' Upon this advice, they retired, and proceeded up the country to confult with their good friends the French, to whom they imparted their intentions of burying the hatchet, and brightening the chain with the British Governor; but an ignorant Prieft, difapproving their condudt, " L0 dtd and abufed tb em for not endeavouring to oppofe the land¬ ing of the forces, diverted them from their pacific refolutions, and decoyed them to efcort and accompany him to Canada. This in¬ telligence they received from fome prifoners they took in their ex¬ pedition up that river, where they found the two traders, of which the enemy had poflefled themfelves fome months ago. In the courfe of this fervice feveral fettlements were deftroyed, about forty captives were made, and almofi: an hundred head of black cattle killed. This armament did not proceed to the head of St. John’s river; for, the winter fetting in earlier than ufual, and with greater feverity, they were apprehenfive of being frozen up, and therefore returned to the fort, which they found completed for the reception of its new garrifon. The three companies of the 43d, with the remainder of our ba gg a ge> embarked this morning for fort Cumberland • but, the wind being contrary, and blowing hard, we were detained here xor feveral days : we were very fortunate in not being able to fail immediately, as we have thereby efcaped fome very bad weather and a great ftorm; we have now a hard froft, and the air is incon¬ ceivably cold. Being curious in my inquiries about the river St. John a very ingenious fenftble Officer of the 35 th regiment* informed me, that he iurveyed that river in his paffage up and down; that it is fpactous and deep, for he alfo took the foundings of it; that recUd'a. X7 Plill rJ C,1 “ inlTO ' '* h ° ^ wounds ho a . 0,1 att e of Qaebec, and was well known in the poiite world for his lamented!* Sreit ^ 8 "“ K ' j ud E m '"h i" mufc| he departed umvcrfally 2 ,; NoS- ber. 25th* 26th, at 21-6 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ^ 75 8 ^ at the broaded part it is above three miles over, and, at the narrowed;, ber. fomething lefs than one mile j that there is fufficient water for fhips of four or five hundred tons burthen; and, in fhort, he fpoke of it with great raptures and praifes. This agreeable gentleman promifed me a fight of his obfervations and remarks, which he had reduced to writing; but, not being able to get at his papers (as he had not yet opened his baggage) and we being both unfettled du¬ ring my day here, I lod that fatisfa&ion : I remember I afked him, how it came to pafs, that the Ulyfles Hoop of war was lod in failing upwards ? To this he replied, the fault, if any, lay in the pilot, and not in the navigation; and that this lofs was merely accidental. 27th. A hard frod, with fhowers of deet, and it blows frefh : late lad night a veflel arrived, under bare poles, from Halifax, with pro- vifions j the Mader informs us, that feveral outrages and barbarities have been lately committed by the favages on the back fettlements of New-England ; they told our people, that they were collecting a body of one thoufand of their brethren, which, with two thou- fand French that the Governor of Canada has promifed to fend with them, they propofed to dorm and retake Louifbourg before the expiration of this winter, and broil all the garrifon ; a party of three hundred volunteers are gone out in purfuit of thefe bloodhounds. 28th. The Officers of the 35th regiment have the fame allowance of provifions that was ordered by the Earl of Loudoun at Halifax camp, and four women, per company, draw equally as the private men. This new garrifon will be obliged to cut all their own fire¬ wood ; and, that no time might be lod, the Colonel demanded felling axes from the dores, which being duly delivered, they in- dantly fent out parties for this purpofe, whereby it appears how clofely the troops are employed in this country during the winter, as well as fummer ieafons. No 2X 7 bcr. 29th. 30th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. No alteration in wind and weather: our {hips fell down the river t is morning, and anchored in the bafon ; there came on a thick fo? with While our detachment were detained at Anna- were mol hofpitably and politely entertained an i th"' 1 IaJ i° r Ph ‘ lhpS ’ Mr ' D y [on and his family, with whom, and the gentlemen of the 3J th regiment, we lived very happily. ring detained here to-day with the fame wind and weather I wen. on ffiore a. Bear Ifland, with a brother Officer and a few men, to get fotne lire-wood, and to divert ourfelves; we found -, r eat plenty of game, and had good fport, this ifland is about half a mile m circumference, and laid out in orchards, with the ruins of a few oufes on it; one of our men, in difcharging his piece at a flock of ducks, fl.ghtly wounded the Officer who accompanied me, with feme grams of ffiot. About noon a fnow-rtorm coming on obliged s G r ::; r ,fl to , 'V ? 1 wer d °™* ** ^ Goa , Ifland , which, with the other, add much to the beauty of h, e X ce ,en, harbour ; -here a large flee, may ride in the gre^ft fdet., having everywhere a fufficient depth of water, good an- 2 ge ;; nd -' 15 “* “ exceptionable, bu, by"he d.f- narrow .^ ^ “ ° Ut ' ** ~e being very to Z‘c 7 hnoffi^K m 7 ing ab0l,t dght °' Cl0Ck ’ a,,d attem P t cd Dccem- g ct out into the bay, but not confulting the proper time of tide b "' = were obhged to put back, and come ,0 an anchor : aim noon with ?" Tr V ' hh ‘ he tWe ° f ebb ’ and Htt| e wind falling ponm^dT ' b ^°»*®ng currents, our ,rani’ lee Ihore t , We narr0W,y d ' caped bein 2 wre ched upon a pieces ,’1,1^^ ru ! W0 “ ld pr ° babIy '’ aVe been <° rocks the Mart” -"I 1 *1 °i ' llC entrance bcin g a complete ledge of • ffiall w- Jo t T a "! y ” UP0 " h ‘ S kneeS ’ cr )' in g out,—< What . I Zl d0 f 1 VOW ; 1 ftar we lhall be all loft, let us go to pray- ■ mmterin! IT dCar J»" a ' ba " f '-J°n«han wen, forward, Vol. I.° ° " mlC l ’ ‘ Do—I v °w, Ebenezer, I don’t know ^ * * what » lift HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1758. * what we fhall do, any more than thyfelf; when fortunately one ^ e r m * of our foldiers (who was a thorough-bred feaman, and had ferved feveral years on board a fhip of war, and afterwards in a priva¬ teer) hearing and feeing the helplefs ftate of mind, which our poor New-England-men were under, and our (loop driving to¬ wards the fhore, called out « Why, d-your eyes and limbs,— 4 down W ith her fails, and let her drive a—e foremoft; what the « dev il fignifies your praying and canting now Ebenezer, quickly taking the hint, called to Jonathan to lower the fails, faying, * he 4 vowed he believed that young man’s advice was very good, but . w ifhed he had not delivered it fo profanely.’ However, it an- fwered to our wifh j every thing that was neceffary was tranfafted inftantaneoufly j. the foldier gave directions, and, feizing the helm, we foon recovered ourfelves, cleared the ftreight, and drove into the bay ftern foremoft.* 9d This day about noon we arrived fafe in the bafon of fort Cum¬ berland, after an agreeable paffage and moderate weather; as our quarters were ready for us, we landed immediately, and marched up to the fort * they have had froft and fnow here invariably thefe fix weeks paft, and the cold is fo intenfe, that we are at once fenfible of the difference between this climate and that of Annapolis. Our arrival here gives great pleafure to our friends, as they have been under apprehenfions, for fome time paft, of a vifit from the enemy, who threaten to come and retake this fortreft, or deftroy it by fire. Soon after we had difembarked* it blew very hard, which was fuc- ceeded by a great fiiow ftorm. ' ,, The remaining company of the 43d regiment arrived this day from fort Edward, after a • difagreeable paffage of eight days, du- * I find this is no new pradice; for M. Charlevoix, an eminent French writer, fays, that by reafon of the narrownefs of the entrance, and the ftrong tides and currents which fet through this place, only one flap can pafs in or out at a time, and that mull be flern foremoft. ring HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ring which time they encountered a great deal of very rough weather. This day Major Elliot, and the reft of the Officers of the re¬ giment, prefented a memorial to Colonel James, requefting him to apply to the Commander in Chief to grant orders to the 43d re¬ giment to join the army early in the fpring, upon whatever fer- vice they may be deftined,—which the Colonel has chearfully com¬ plied with. No alteration in the weather fince our arrival, except it’s being inconceivably rigorous. A weekly ftate and monthly return of this, and every other regi¬ ment in this province, are ordered to be tranfmitted regularly to his Excellency General Amherft, with duplicates to Governor Law¬ rence ; and, if it ftiall fo happen that opportunity does not ferve to fend them punctually, they muft neverthelefs be figned every week and month, and forwarded by the next conveyance that may offer. The following is the detail of the duty of this garrifon. Guards. Subalterns. Serjeants, j Corporals. | Gunners. Drummers.) Privates. Main, eldeft Officer, — 1 I 2 1 1 40 Covered way, — — I I j 1 3 ° Referve, — — — 1 I 1 1 20 Jmounts at (.nightfall. Blockhoufe, —- — _ I ’ I , I 2 Hofpital, — —- — — I — _ 8 Wood-yard, — — —- — j _ 6 Hay-yard, — — — _ _ 1 _ 6 Spruce-brewhoufe, — — — — 1 — — 6 Total — -3 5 , 7 2 128 219 1758. Decem¬ ber. 9th. F f 2 The 220 17 58 . Decem¬ ber. 1 2 th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The Colonel is ordered to provide the regiment with flannel un- der-waifleoats, and Loggers, or Indian bookings; here follows a defeription of them : Leggers, Leggins, or Indian fpatterdafhes, are ufually made of frize, or other coarfe woollen cloth ; they fliould be at leaft three quarters of a yard in length ; each Leggin about three quarters wide (which is three by three) then double it, and few it together from end to end, within four, five, or fix inches of the outfide felvages, fitting this long, narrow bag to the fhape of the leg; the flaps to be on the outfide, which ferve to wrap over the fkin, or fore-part of the leg, tied round under the knee, and above the ancle, with garters of the fame colour by which the legs are preferved from many fatal accidents, that may happen by briars, flumps of trees, or under-wood, &c. in marching through a clofe, woody country. The army have made an ingenious addition to them, by putting a tongue, or Hoped piece before, as there is in the lower part of a fpatterdafh; and a ftrap fixed to it under the heart of the foot, which faftens under the outfide ancle with a button. By thefe im¬ provements they cover part of the inftep below the fhoe-bucklej and the quarters all round; the Indians generally ornament the flaps with beads of various colours, as they do their Moggofan, or flipper ; for my part, I think them clumfy, and not at all military ; yet I confefs they are highly neceflary in North America ; never- thelefs, if they were made without the flap, and to button on the outfide of the leg, in like manner as a fpatterdafh, they would an- fwer full as well: but this is matter of opinion. The air is clear witj* exceeding hard frofl, and the natural colour of the earth is concealed from us. In fome converfation which I had to-day with the French prifoners, they informed me, that, Iaft year, when we were intrenching our camp before this fort, the enemy were fculking about us every night, and were very anxious to take a prifoner, by whom they might get intelligence of our numbers •, that the perfon who appeared on the fliore on horfeback (north historical journal. (north of the river Tanta Mere) was Monfieur Bois Hibert, who was then returned from Cape Breton, with eighty regulars, two hundred and fifty m.l.tia, and three hundred favages : they remain¬ ed a week in that port, hoping to decoy a party from our camp , and, upon defeating them, they intended to purfue the party up in- to the fort, before they or the troops could recoiled! themfelves, and tnereby become mailers of the place } but, at length finding we took no notice of them, provifions being fcarce, and the Succefs Ihip of war having fired at their Commanding Officer, and into (heir camp, they thought proper to retire : I inquired why they did not attempt a furpnfe upon our trenches; but Monfieur Hibert told them, that would not anfwer their purpofe fo well, as rufhing in¬ to the fort upon us unexpectedly ; and that, if he could have effeded that matter, he would have bid defiance to the troops in camp.-I t ink we were rather unfortunate that they did not undertake this coup for, it ferns, they thought we had only a fmall guardor two “ ‘ hC f ° rt ^ da ?" and tha ‘ garrifon as well as the ag.h and 43d regiments, were all at work in the trenches; it was for a cer¬ tainty of this, that they were fo very folicitous for a prifoner The rigour of the winter here is inconceivable, ye. every' body . re ” arkabl f healtb y i the air is quite ferene, and the fun flfines a mo every ay; perhaps that benign luminary is concealed from us once m four, five or fix days, when a fnow-ftorm fets in, which however, does not continue above twenty-four hours, and then we have clear weather again. This folemn feftival was duly obferved. Our retired fituation here does not 'afford con (lam materials for ^0 ( “ ,he read -” a y%Pofe) is the reafon of my F g over many days in filence. A large bear rufhed out of the h^reffr:; Sibb£ ‘ “ d thC bl0Ckh °“ fei f-ed to be ard preffcd, whence we conclude he was hunted by the enemy • he afforded us excellent fport for almoft an hour, and feveral pieces 221 1758. Decem¬ ber. 2 Gthi 25th. 1759- January.. I ft. were; 222 ,* 759 ' January. \ 20th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. were difeharged at him; but at length, directing his courfe towards the bafon, he efcaped by fwimming a-crofs the bay. Our principal amufement here is fkaiting; the marfhes, having been overflowed before the froft fet in, afford us now a fcope of fe- veral miles: a quantity of coals and wood were laid in here before ourjarrival from Annapolis; but, being almoft exhaufted, the ranging company are now employed in providing fuel for us : the allowance to each fire-place is “ one quarter of a cord of wood, and two bufhels of coals, weekly, for forty weeks; or half that allowance for every feven days throughout the year.” The French prifoners have the fame proportion, and are ferved with provifions in like manner as the private foldiers. The weather inconceivably fevere, continual froft and fnow ; the latter is feveral feet in depth, and fets in with thick drifts and high wind: it may feem a paradox to fay it rains froft; but that is actually often the cafe in this country. This day two foldiers walked out a few miles on the road leading to Gafperau and Bay Verde, and, feeing a man lie dead at fome diftance before them, they re¬ turned inftantly, and apprifed the Commanding Officer therewith: a Serjeant and eighteen men were detached with a hand-fleigh to bring home the corpfe j fo little did we apprehend any danger, that the Officers have been out daily for fome time paft, either walking, {hooting, or riding. In the evening the party returned, and brought with them the remains of one of our beft grenadiers, who was ftripped of every thing except his fhirt and breeches, and had two different parts of his fcull fealped: to his fhirt was pinned a letter from Lieutenant M‘Cormuck, of the rangers, who was made pri- foner laft Auguft, in fome other part of this province; directed to Captain Lieutenant Armftrong, of the ranging company at fort Cumberland ; and upon the fuperfeription was wrote. On hts Ma- jejifs fervice. The author did not date his letter, nor does he men¬ tion from what place he wrote it ; whence, and from other circum- ftances, we conclude Mr. M'Cormuck was compelled to write it, in HISTORICAL JOURNAL; in order to infure good quarter and kind treatment to the inhuman *759* bearer of it, if he had fallen into our hands. The following is an ^ anuary * extrad: of that letter: ‘-After all the mifery I underwent until I arrived here, * where I am with the King’s Officers, who are very kind to me— 4 &c. the bearer is our Commanding Officer’s brother here, who * has been fo kind as to caufe the French that took me to deliver * me my watch, keys, rings, and every thing they took from me ; * and I live like a petty Prince among them, having my liberty 4 upon my parole : fo that I earneftly beg, if he ffiould happen to 4 fall into your hands there, to ufe him, or any of his party, as kind 4 as you can j which will be of great fervice to me, and all other 4 poor captives in Canada, &c. &c. 4 Yours fincerely, 4 Caefar M 4 Cormuck, Lieutenant.’ [iV. B. Captain Armftrong makes no doubt of its being that Gen¬ tleman’s hand-writing.] The rolls of the companies being immediately called, it appeared that one Serjeant, and three privates of the rangers, together with fcven of our foldiers, were miffing and as they were feen going out to cut wood this morning (contrary to repeated orders) we fufped they are either killed, or prifoners with the enemy. The whole company of rangers went out this morning to lcour 2 j ft. the country towards Bay Verde: they returned in the afternoon, and brought with them a fleigh which our unhappy fufferers had taken out with them, and on it were laid the bodies of four of our men, and one ranger, who were killed and fcalped j the reft are ftill miffing: at the place where thele unfortunate people were way¬ laid, mere was a regular ambuffi, and defigned probably againft the rangers, who hav*- been out, for feme weeks, cutting and cord¬ ing wood for the garrilon, and feldorn miffed a day, except the weather was uncommonly levere, which was the cale yefterday , and 224 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. January. # # © mifs upon fervice, and To little did they fufpedt any danger, that the half of them went out without arms, and they who carried any were not loaded. The victims were fired at from the right fide of the road, being (hot through the right bread :; all were wounded in the fame place, except one who had not a gun-ihot wound about him, but was killed by a hatchet or tomahock a-crofs the neck, under the hinder part of his fcull j never was greater or more wan¬ ton barbarity perpetrated, as appears by thefe poor creatures, who, it is evident, have been all fcalped alive; for their hands, reflec¬ tively, were clafped together' under their polls, and their limbs were horridly diftorted, truly expreffive of the agonies in which they died: in this manner they froze, not unlike figures, or ftatues, which are varioufly difplayed on pedeftals in the gardens of the curious. The ranger was {tripped naked, as he came into the world j the fol- diers were not, except two, who had their new cloathing on them ; thefe (that is the coats only) were taken: I am told this is a diftination always made between regulars and others; the head of the man who efcaped the fire ; was flayed before he received his coup mortel, which is evident from this circumftance, that, after the intire cap was taken off, the hinder part of the fcull was wantonly broken into fmall pieces the ranger’s body was all marked with a {tick, and fome blood in hieroglyphic characters, which {hewed that great deliberation was ufed in this barbarous dirty work. The blood¬ hounds came on fnow-{hoes, or rackets, the country being now fo deep with fnow, as to render it impofiible to march without them ; they returned .towards Gafpereau, and we imagine they came from Mirrimichie, there being no fettlement of them (as we fup- pofe) nearer to us on that fide of the country,. 2id. Gur men were buried this afternoon, and, as we could not break or ftretch their limbs, the fleigh was .covered intirely with boards, and a large pit was made in the fnow, to the depth of fe- veraJ feet, where they are to remain for fome time; for the earth is fo ..historical JOURNAL. fo impenetrably bound up with frotl, that it is ineradicable to break ground, even with pick-axes or crow-irons; their funeral was very decent, and all the Officers attended them to the burying-place. ur men appear greatly irritated at the inhuman lot of their friends and. exprefs ‘he s , rcate.- toufc, or other place where the froft will foon affed them ; fo a there is nothing more common than to eat beef, mutton or poultry, in March or April, that were dead five months before- hares and fowl, as foon as killed, are hung up in their (kins and eathers, and without being drawn, until they are warned ; at which tune, by rteeping them (or any butcher's meat) for a time in cold water, and not merely immerging, as fome writers and travellers aver, r they become pliable, and ft for any purpofe tha, the cook may One Captain, one Subaltern, and fixty me „ of the 43d regiment party on" ft ^ ^ P aft to at,e " d > « a co°verinv- party, on the rangers, while they are employed in wood-cuttimf. u , t e weat er being at prefen t fo uncommonly fevere they can" not ft,rout; this is ,0 be continued for the remainder of thT w"‘ ter, whenever „ can be found pradicable. The froft is fo iL„r that many of our foldiers have had their nofes ears and 7 ’ nipped, or froft-bitten; for which there is no offier remedy "fm -T4r r: sr *> •—C polls this day as foil ^ Were ftewn 'heir alann- baftion o y ’ c ° WS: °" e com P a ny on the Prince of Wales’s delr. th /" d DUke ° f Cumberiand ' 5 s on PrincTp™- Vol I S ' enadlers 0n the P arade - ' n the fort; one company at G 8 the 225 1 759* January 26th. 226 *759* January* 30*. February March ill. 34 - HISTOR1C AL JOURNAL. the place of arms behind the carpenter’s (hop; (N. B. this covers the gateway of the fort) one, on Prince Edwards baft ion ; one, on Prince Henry’s ; one behind the magazine in the Spur j two, on the parade in the Spur; the rangers on the gateway of the Spur; and all the guards oppofite to their guard-houfes.—The Officer of artil¬ lery is to have forty men, of his own chufing, to aftift in working the guns, 6cc. in cafe of an alarm j and he is to give in a return of their names this day to the Adjutant. Nothing can equal the extreme bitternefs of the feafon; yet our detachments are every day out at the wooding-place. All manner of provifions and liquors freeze with us; even rum and brandy do not efcape the rigour of this winter: the Officers prefer fleeping in blankets, fheets being too cold for this northern climate. The whole month of February does not afford any materials: the weather ftill invariably the fame ; the inclemency whereof is not to be exprefled $ yet our wooding-parties are conftantly employed on that fatiguing fervice, and the fuel, when cut, is drawn home by the foldiers on fleighs; the rangers forming the van, and fcouring the woods on each fide of the road, while fome regulars bring up the rear. At the place where our poor fellows were lately waylaid and butchered, the enemy conftru&ed an intrenchment of three faces, with logs of timber, in fuch manner as to flank the road, and en¬ filade the approaches to it j on the outfide of each face were felled trees, with the tops laid outwards. From thefe precautions, it ap¬ pears their malice was levelled againft the rangers, with whom they probably expected and intended, after the firft furprife, to have maintained a fkirmifh. This anniverfary was celebrated by all the Officers as ufual, and with great good humour; the colours were hoifted in compliment to the day. Great thunder and lightning were feen and heard this morning, a circumftance very uncommon at this rigorous feafon of the year: the weather we have had, fince the firft of January, is not to be conceived ; 227 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. conceived; in general it has been froft, with deep fnow; fome times, 1759. though not often, we had rain, which froze inftantly as it fell, and Marcb foftened the air for a Ihort (pace of time; this was fucceeded by a ftorm of wind and fnow, which, in many places, lies above twenty feet deep, but in general not above four or five; fometimes the air has been thick and foggy, at others clear, with fun-fhine. This lafl night exceeded every thing we have ever met with in 6th. point of feverity j the centinels could fcarce keep their ports; many of them were fo much afteded, that it was found neceflary to relieve them : two, who had been fo ill as to be hardly able to fpeak, had each of them an half pint of good rum — poured down their throats, which recovered them inrtantly, but was not fufficient to intoxicate them : they were both remarkably fober men, and had frequently been rallied by their comrades for their abftemioufnefs. I mention this circumftance to fhew, that it was not from habit, or the force of cuftom, that thefe men were not inebriated by fuch a quantity of fpi- rituous liquor ; for it is certain that every man, even the moft tem¬ perate among us, can drink more wine, or ftout punch, at this rigo¬ rous feafon, before he becomes innocently chearful, than he can at any other time of the year, or in a more moderate climate, with de¬ cency. It is the opinion of the futtlers, who have parted many winters in this province, and feveral years in this remote part of it, that this is the moft fevere winter they ever remember to have feen in Nova Scotia. The Officers, who are natives of Ireland, entertained all the gentle- , 7t h. men of this garrifon at a futtling-houfe in the town : we were thirty- four in number, the Hibernians twenty. The private men of that country had half a dollar each advanced to them by their Captains; and thofe, who were immediately natives of Britain, took their tour of duty. Colonel James ordered the colours to be hoifted, and po¬ litely fet the example of mounting a crofs in his hat, which was fol¬ lowed by every Officer and other Gentlemen of the civil branch under his command. In order to give a farther fpecimen of the prices of ^ & 2 provifions 228 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1759* provifions here, I fhall fubjoin our bill of fare, with the charges an- ^ aich ‘ nexed : but the reader mull not infer from hence, that we always, or at any time, lived as well as we have done this day; for I never faw fuch good cheer before or fince that day in America; and the feveral articles which compofed this (Lord’s Mayor’s) feaft, were with great pains preferved, throughout this whole winter, for the ufe of this day, though we have frequently fince Chriftmas fared on the King’s pro¬ vifions alone. r. s. d. To falt-fifh, parfnips, potatoes, &c. — — 0 18 6 To two buttocks of beef, 5041b. cabbage, roots, &c. 1 12 6 To a leg of mutton, 71b. roots, &c. — — 0 9 6 To a ham, 11 lb. a turkey, cabbage, &c. — — 0 18 6 To another ham, 10 lb. four fowls, cabbage, &c. — 1 2 10 To two furloins of beef, 5441b. falad, &c. — 1 12 10 To a hind quarter of veal, loi lb. fore quarter of ditto 6 6 in a pie, 10 4 lb. — — — J To mutton in a pie, 10 4 lb. 9 s. 6 d. a turkey and h T O fauce 11 s. 6 d. — — — J To two apple-pies 10 s. to two puddings 6 s. 6 d. — 0 16 6 Cheefe 3 s. foft bread and beer 12 s. — — 0 l 5 0 To bowls of lemon punch — — 12 3 0 To dozen of red and white wine — 5 8 0 To wine to the fervants per order — — 0 16 0 To ditto to fifers and drummers per order — — 0 10 0 This feftival was joyoufly celebrated, and with the greateft mirth and good humour, the Officers, &c. having retired to the fort before nine o’clock in the evening. I cannot omit obferving upon this oc- cafion, that the army are fuch ftrangers to national reflections, that they are not even heard of among the private foldiers j and I could wifh they were as fenfibly and politely avoided by all other ranks of people. Provifions 229 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Provifions of all kinds are now grown fcarce, and thofe iffued from 1759. the (lores are very indifferent: our men can neither get rum or fpruce, f % ch and the Captains have not money to fubfift them. With refped to 25 * (bme of the articles of the King’s provifions, the men are put to (hort allowance through fcarcity : even the Officers are fenfible of thefe ca¬ lamities. A (loop, which has been frozen up here all this winter, has now 29th. got off by the affiftance of the high tides, and failed to Bofion for fupplies of all kinds for this garrifon, and to haften up any other vef- fels (he may meet with, whether coniigned to this or to other places. A fin all party of the enemy appeared in the (kirts of the foreft to the left of the blockhoufe next to the marffi, where the Officers have been fkaiting for the greateft part of this winter, when the weather permitted. The fun is now fo warm, and has fuch great effect upon the 30tht fnow, that the fleighs will not run > fo that the very difagreeable fer- vice of cutting and drawing wood can no longer be performed, to the inexpreffible fatisfadlion of the poor foldiers and rangers : and, as the ice in the center of the bay is broken up, we give many a wi(h- ful look that way, hoping foon to have (hips, — agreeable news, — and plenty, for the time to come. The guns of the fort were fealed to-day. fj. Though we have hard frofts at night, the weather by day is plea- A )rjl ]fi fant, and much warmer than in Europe at this feafon. I never faw fuch great plenty of wildgeefe and ducks, and in fuch 4 th. numerous (locks, as at this time; by which we look upon the winter to be almoft at an end : the wind is now fair for veffels to come up, and the bay is tolerably clear of ice. This day, about two o’clock, to the inconceivable pleafure of this 5 th - garrifon, a fail appeared at the Joggen, and foon after another came in fight, both which came up in the evening. Thefe veffels, with two others bound for this port, have been for feveral weeks at Annapolis Royal, waiting until the weather ffiould break up : they made many efforts HISTORICAL JOURNAL. efforts to come fooner, but were put back by contrary winds and floats of ice in the bay. From the above-mentioned fort we are in¬ formed, that fbme of the enemy have furrendered themfelves to the Commanding Officer. The Captain of the rangers here has received a letter from Lieutenant Butler of the fame corps at Fort Frederic, da¬ ted the 6 th of laft month, of which the following is an ex trad:- « Captain MCurdie was killed by the falling of a tree on the 30th « 0 f January ; Lieutenant Hazen commands at prefent, who returned « laft night from a lcout up this river. He marched from this fort “ the 18th of February, and went to St. Ann’s; the whole of the in- “ habitants being gone off, he burned one hundred and forty-feven « dwelling-houfes, two Mafs-houfes, befides all their barns, (tables, “ granaries, &c. He returned down the river about-, where ‘‘-he found a houfe in a thick foreft, with a number of cattle, horfes, “ and hogs; thefe he deftroyed. There was fire in the chimney; the « people were gone off into the woods; he purfued, killed, and fcalp- “ ed fix men, brought in four, with two women and three children 5 “ he returned to the houfe, fet it on fire, threw the cattle into the « flames, and arrived fafe with his prifoners: he and the party well.” By the aforefaid veflels we have at length received a confirmation of the great fuccefs of the army under Brigadier Forbes, the enemy having burnt and abandoned Fort Du Quefne on the 24th of Novem¬ ber laft, which the General took poffeffion of, on the evening of that day, with his light troops, and his army arrived there on the 2 5th : the French retired towards the Miffiffippi, being delerted by their Indian allies, who have fince put themfelves under our pro¬ tection. Incredible are the hardlhips which that army have under¬ gone in the courfe of the campaign ; but, when fuccefs crowns our endeavours, it makes ample amends for all our toils, and iufpires us with frefh vigour for farther encerprifes. Our accounts of that large trafi: of country bordering on the river Ohio are extremely pleafing. Intelligence HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 23 Intelligence came to Annapolis, tome weeks before we left that 1759 place, that a French (hip of war, bound to Quebec, was loft in the ftreights of Belleifiej but, as this was not confirmed, I pafied it by in filence : we have now the pleafure of having that event authenticated; fhe was a fixty-gun fhip, and had an immenfe quantity of arms, artijlery, ammunition, and provifions on board, being very deeply laden, befides feveral bales of cloathing for the troops in Canada._ The 43d regiment are out daily at exercife, though the country ftill retains its winter habit, and the air is fharp. By thefe vefiels we have got beef at five-pence per pound} mutton at fix-pence ; ' veal at nine-pence} eggs at eighteen-pence per dozen and potatoes at five (hillings per bulhel. It is wonderful to fee how frelh and good all thefe fundry articles are, and yet feven weeks are elapfed fince thefe (loops failed from Bofton. A child to one of the French prifoners being taken ill, our Chap- 7th. lain was fent for to baptife it ; as I had the guard at the fort, the mother of it requefted I would Hand fponfor ; which I complied with. I alked her what name (he intended to give it; (he replied, Eliftia} but, at my defire, Cumberland was prefixed to it. A command of regulars and rangers were detached this morning 8 t h, to Bay Verde, to reconnoitre the country. The detachment returned this day, without being able to make iotb. any dilcoveries} they heard feveral (hots difcharged, but at fo great a diftance, they conjecture they were rather at wild-fowl, than as fignals of alarm. When the party had proceeded beyond the place where our rangers have been all the winter wood-cutting, the fnow was fo deep as to take them up to their waifts, and, when they had reached the bay, they found it was. intirely frozen up; they faw the lfland of St. John, but, the weather being hazv, the ; r view was very imperfeCt A floop arrived from New-York with King’s provifions ; by let- xith. teis Ihe has brought, we have reafor* tc fatter ourleives that the 43d regiment will be fent upon fcrvice this campaign. As HISTORICAL JOURNAL. As foon as Brigadier Forbes’s army had reached Fort Du Quefne,he fet about the neceflary repairs, and, having rendered the place as de- fenfible as polfible, he garrifoned it by two hundred and forty High¬ landers from Colonel Montgomery’s corps, and fifty of the Royal Americans : the remainder of his forces he marched back to Phila¬ delphia ; but, before he took his departure, he conferred on his new conqueft the name of Pittlburgh, in compliment to that fupereminent Statefman, the right honourable William Pitt *, Efq; by whofe great abilities, excellent conduit, and the moft fteady exertion of the reins of government, our affairs, particularly in this new world, have af¬ firmed fo profperous an afpeit. Another fmaller fort, dependent on this, fituated on a branch of the Ohio, the Brigadier alfo honoured with the epithet of Ligonier J-, to perpetuate, in fome meafure, the juft fenfe which he and the Britifh forces entertain of that expe¬ rienced General’s high merit and long faithful fervices. By our far¬ ther accounts from that quarter, the late French garrifon had perpe¬ trated the moft unheard-of barbarities upon all our prifoners: in the ruins of the fort are found pieces of human fkulls, arms, legs, and other relics of their brutality, which were half burnt; after thefe monfters of butchery had fated themfelves with this favage and un- chriftian treatment of fome unfortunate captives, on the parade within the fortrefs they gave up the remainder to the Indians, who, according to their cuftom, tomahocked and fcalped them, one after another; and all this in prefence of the unhappy fufferers, who re¬ mained to be the laft vidlims of their rage and cruelty. Fort Li¬ gonier is garrifoned by a detachment from Pittlburgh, which is re¬ lieved weekly or monthly, at the dilcretiorii of the Commanding- Officer. We alfo learn that General Amherft is making vigorous prepara¬ tions for an early campaign ; that the provinces are railing many regiments ; and that his Excellency, to avoid that confufion which * Since created Earl of Chatham. f Field-Marlhal Ligonier, alfo fince created an Englifh Earl. would historical journal. would otherwife happen, as well as to encourage the provincials, and to keep them under fome kind of regularity, propofes to form all his batteau-men into companies of fifty each, under proper Of¬ ficers, who are to raife their own men for their commiffions; like- wife the drivers of ox-teams and waggons are to be under th* like regulations, and the whole army, deffined for the fervice of the lakes, are to rendezvous at Albany, about the latter end of this month. The 43d regiment are at excrcife every morning, and difcharge ammunition cartridges; in the afternoon the men are employed m firing at targets, in whieh they are encouraged by prefents from t eir Officers, according to their feveral performances. This day the Monckton armed fchooner, of this province, ar¬ rived here ; the Pay-mafler of our regiment came paffenger, and informs us, that, on the evening of the jth infant, the Monckton, and a (loop alfo bound here, came to an anchor off Grindftone liland, on the north Ihore ; and both had agreed that the fchooner fliould fire a gun on the morning following, as a fignal to weigh in order to their failing together; this ifland lies near the entrance of P.tfcordiac river. Accordingly on the next day, when the fi¬ nal was given, a great (hout was heard, and feveral fhots of final! arms ; one of the Monckton’s men cried out with fome furprife — ‘t at’s an Indian yell.’ Upon which they infantly weighed, and faod for the Hoop, who by this time was bearing down upon them : and, when the two veffcls came within hailing, one of the captives called out,-- Take care of yourfelves, we are all prifoners , he,e \ “ d the V nother voice was heard to fay,—- Lower your main fail, we are all French, and will give you good quarter.’— e c looner, without rarther ceremony, plied her well with her wivels, and the (loop returned the falute with their fmall arms; at hey continued for fome minutes, when, fortunately the wind pnnging up for fo rt Edward, the Monckton bore away for that P Vol J’ a ' ntMmnS a r “ nni ” g figh ‘ With * he floo P- w ho clofely ^ h purfued * 759 - April. 13th. 234 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1759. purfued them for near five hours ; when, finding no likelihood of ^ making a capture of the fchooner, the pirates thought proper to defifl, and content themfelves with what they had already acquired. The floop’s cargo confifled of beef, pork, flour, bread, rice, peafe ; rum of different forts, various kinds of wine, fugar, lemons, beer; together with a great quantity of fhoes, fhirts, (lockings, and a va¬ riety of other European articles, for the fhopkeepers of this place. The Monckton (who had a boy killed and two men wounded) is likewife loaded with flores and provifions for this fortrefs, and the Pay-mafler had a confiderable charge of money with him for the regiment’s ufe. At fort Edward the fchooner got a command of one Serjeant, Corporal, and fourteen privates, and immediately profecuted her voyage to this port: the Captain of her fays, that the floop mud have been furprifed and boarded by a parcel of ca¬ noes from the fhore, there being no other veflel but themfelves in that part of the bay. The Mailer of one of the traders, who arrived here on the even¬ ing of the 5th, fays, that, as he came up the bay, he faw a great fmoke, with feveral boats and canoes on a part of the fhore near Grindflone ifland; and being afked by the Colonel why he did not report thefe circumflances to him immediately on his arrival ? Re¬ plied, he did not think it of much confequence, thefe matters being familiar to him in New-England. 14th. Colonel James had the pleafure to receive orders from tjie Com¬ mander in Chief (through Brigadier Monckton) for the 43d re¬ giment and Captain Danks’s company of rangers to hold them¬ felves in readinefs to embark on board fuch tranfports as fhall carry troops here to relieve them; that the rendezvous of the army, which is intended for an expedition up St. Lawrence river, under the command of Major-General Wolfe, will be at Louilbourg; this agreeable intelligence foon flew thro’ the garrifon, and nothing but continual huzza’s were heard, for fome hours, from the barracks, and were repeated in the evening by the foldiers aflembled at roll¬ calling. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. calling, when each honeft heart gladdened, which difFufed itfelf conlpicuoufly in every countenance. / The following orders were publiffied this day : • “ By order of his Excellency General Amherft, the 43d regiment “ 1S to - furnifh one Captain, one Lieutenant, one Enfign, three “ Serjeants, one Drummer, and feventy rank and file, to form a “ com P an y of ]i g ht in^ntry ; the Commanding Officer to chufe “ the men and Officers who are to be appointed. The Officers “ are t0 have provifions in the following proportions, viz. a Colonel “fix rations per day; a Lieutenant-Colonel, five; a Major, four; “a Captain, three; a Lieutenant, Enfign, Adjutant, Qnarter- “ Mafter, and Chaplain, two rations each; this allowance to com- " mence . from the firfl of November laft, and four-pence per r i- “ tion will be allowed for provifions n0t , ^2Ete'nc_-. no Officer to “ be allowed provifions in a double capacity.” Our friends at fort Edward fuftained a great temporary lofs this lafi: winter, their barracks being by fome accident burned to the ground; the detachment had time tofave themfelves and their effedls General Amherfl has been pleafed to remove the Captain-L eute- nant, who had been appointed lafi: year in this regiment, into an¬ other corps, and filled up that vacancy with our eldeft Lieutenant who is fucceeded by our fenior Enfign ; and he, by a young gen- tlen1a.11 volunteer in the fame regiment. The 43d regiment are now making the mofi: of their time in exercifing and firing at marks; in ffiort, every man is employed in rubbing off the winter’s ruft, and putting themfelves and their camp equipage in good condition for the field. This evening a floop arrived from New-York with rtores and provilions; by letters brought to the Colonel we learn, that this, an all the other fortreffes in the province, are to be garrifoned by provincial troops, who have articled to ferve until the latter end of N h 2 November HISTORICAL JOURNAL. November next; the privates are to have one {hilling currency per day, and ten pounds fterling each, at inlifting ; fix pounds of this entrance money (we hear) will be paid by the Government, and the remaining four by the Field-Officers and Captains; the latter, we are alfo told, will only receive fix pounds per month of thirty days, the Lieutenants three pounds fixteen {hillings, and the Enfigns three pounds only. Another vefiel arrived from Bofton, with ftores, liquors, and pro- vifions; and a Lieutenant, with a number of recruits for the range- ing company, came paflengers. A flag of truce appeared this day near the gibbet; the fellow who carried the flag was a peafant, and his companion had on a French uniform; they pretended they came to know if we would exchange prifoners, for they would be glad to releafe the male and female captives that are here ; and alfo to barter fkins and furs for provifions. It is rather fuppofed they came upon a treacherous defign; therefore they received for anfwer, ‘ that they were a parcel of faithlefs inhuman dogs, and « their Commanders were no better; that we would neither treat « with fueh favage Gueux, nor give them quarter, if they did not ‘ inftantly,depart from the limits of the fort, or furrender to his 4 Majefty’s mercy.’ Upon this they abruptly turned tail, and when they had got a little way into the foreft, a great war-lhout was-heard from many voices; by which we conjecture their party was numerous. This day two fail-boats were feen to crofs the bay below the Joggen ; it is conjectured thefe pirates are either fkulking to pick up intelligence, or to furprife another trader in the bay: towards night a great fall of fnow. St. George’s anniverfary was duly obferved by all the garrifon ; our foldiers take quantities of excellent filh here by night-lines, they are moftly bafs and galpereau’s, which are a fpecies of herring. A Lieu- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. A Lieutenant and thirty rangers are ordered on board the Monck- 1759. ton ichooner, to cruife up and down the bay, for the protection of traders. It rained and fnowed violently this morning, in the evening cleared up and froze hard, people here do not attempt to break ground in their gardens, until the beginning or middle of the enfuing month. Two veffels failed this morning for New-York, convoyed down 26th. the bay by the Monckton, as foon as they had weighed, fome of the enemy peeped out of the woods on the north fhore, and the armed Ichooner fired two fwivels at them. The regiment daily out at exercife, and firing at the target, the 30th. Captain of the light infantry fpares no pains to form his company, and render them expert for any kind of fervice, we begin now to be impatient for the troops who are expected to relieve us. Early this morning arrived Colonel Fry, of the provincials, and May. eight tranfports , three others are hill miffing, who parted convoy 5 *’ in a gale of wind: we are to be conducted by the York province oop off ChebuCto harbour, and from thence proceed by ourfelves to Louifbourg, where there is alfo a provincial regiment to be quartered, in the room of one of the regulars, who are to join us on the expedition. Four hundred of thefe young troops are to be uationed here, two hundred and fifty at Annapolis ‘Royal, the ame number at for* Frederic , and one hundred at fort Edward, befides one complete regiment at Halifax. The privates are a poor, mean, ragged fet of men, of all fizes and ages, their Officers are fober, model! men, and l'uch of them as have been upon fervice exprefs themfelves very difiinCtly and fenfibly, but their ideas, like thofe who have not been out of their own country, or converfed much with Europeans, are naturally confined , they make a de¬ cent appearance, being cloathed in blue faced with fcarlet, gilt buttons, laced waiftcoats and hats, but their ordinary foldiers have no uniforms, nor do they affeft any kind of regularity. The HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The floop, lately furprifed off Grindftone ifland, has been ran- fomed for fifteen hundred dollars; the Mafter left his fon as an hoftage for the payment of that fum : the enemy took all his cargo, and rifled him of every thing he had, but luckily did not difcover a bag with fix hundred dollars, which lay concealed in an unfuf- pedted part of the veffel. The rangers have got a new uniform cloathing; the ground is black ratteen or frize, lapelled.and cuffed with blue; here follows a defcription of their drefs : a waiftcoat with fleeves, a Ihort jacket without fleeves; only arm-holes, and wings to the flioulders (in like manner as the Grenadiers and Drummers of the army> white met- tal buttons, linen or canvas drawers, with a blue ikirt, or Ihort petticoat of fluff, made with a waiftband and one button ; this is open before, and does not extend quite to their knees : a pair of leggins of the lame colour with their coat, which reach up to the middle of their thighs (without flaps) and, from the calf of the leg downwards, they button like fpatterdafhes ; with this adtive drefs they wear blue bonnets, and, I think, in a great meafure refemble our Highlanders. Embarked our baggage to-day, which was attended with fome trouble on account of the diftance between the fort and the bafon, with very unfavourable weather. Two companies embarked to-day; the Mowckton fchooner re¬ turned from a cruife, and a veffel arrived from New-York with ftores : blowing weather, with thick, foggy air and rain. Two of the miffing franfports arrived l#te laft night, one flill re¬ mains to complete the new garrifon. The reft of our troops and baggage are embarked, except the rangers, who are to continue until the miffing tranl'port arrives ; one of our regiment’s tranfports, after a company were embarked, proving leaky, was furveyed and condemned : a trader was inftantly impreffed, and the company removed on board of her. HISTORICAL JOURNAL; N„ A ' r W * n0W , ab0Ut depart from his Majefty's province of l C ° ' a , ’ W lere , the fort y-third regiment have had the misfor¬ tune to undergo an mglorious exile of twenty-two months and upwards, fcparated not only from the bufy aflive world, but like- Wfe from thofe fcenes of honour, in which, I can venture to affirm ZiTZr: “” mi ®° ned and P rivi “ e " ■"»« ardently wiihed nave (hared. I (hall proceed to a review of our fervice and » ployment thereto, ,o which I (hall annex an hiftorical account^ the country, its foil, produce, &c. &c. and this (hall he d as concife a manner as poffible, that the reader may not be “ ed from occurrences of much more importance. The occupation of the troops, in this defert province and oar capital thereof) £ ZVT "" ^ ^ wood, digging and drawing coals and fa^d,'throwmg“p rCnch^ ments, erefting redoubts of timber, and fcouring the'c ry t rL --- both ~ 7 ^ ^ Noting,^r heilg'T llnd “Ki"g ° ’ Sem,Uy of S,m >" s «*- W. Ion. belweeu 6 a deg. and 7 * mn . N . Ja , *“* of HISTORICAL JOURNAL. of any other healthful exercife in fafety, rendered our fituation in¬ conceivably irkfome and difagreeable to men naturally fond of and accuftomed to activity; our difcontented reflections, under all thefc circumftances, may be better conceived than exprefled. The government of Nova Scotia was merely nominal until the year 1747* when a fettlement was eftablifhed by the then Gover¬ nor, Cornwallis, on the welt-flde of ChebuCto harbour, called Halifax (before defcribed) and is now the metropolis: here are two houfes of affembly, called the upper and lower; the former is compofed of the Lieutenant-Governor and Council, who, with the Governor, are all appointed by the King ; and the other is formed of the Reprefen tatives, who are chofen by the freeholders; to whofe choice, however, the Governor has it in his power to objeCt. Though this province is fituated in a very favourable part of the temperate zone, yet its winters are at leaft feven months long, four of which are almoft infupportably fevere ; we are Grangers here to the fpring, that delightful feafon of the year in other countries; the winter being immediately fucceeded by fummer, which, though of no long continuance, is as much upon the extreme, for intolerable heat and clofe air, as the other is for intenfe cold. For fome months the weather is very uncertain, often changing fuddenly from fair and moderate to tempeftuous and violent rains; from the latter end of May to the fame time in September, they are wrapped up in the gloom of a perpetual fog, during which fpace, the muf- kcta’s, and other infcCts, are moft inceffantly tormenting, even by night, as well as by day; the autumnal feafon is of no long dura¬ tion : and, notwithftanding the great extremes of weather, and fe- verity of the winter months, it is an exceeding healthy climate, and agrees as well with Grangers as with the natives, who are re¬ markable here for their longevity. In all the uplands, I oblerve the foil is thin and barren; and yet, what is very furprifmg, they are covered with large timber trees of great 1 historical journal. gre ff ^ ? d generally where there is “<>t even an inch of mol , befides the 1km of moffy turf which covers the rock: the lowlands however, and the marlhes, which are very extenfive. a ord a better profpeft, particularly round the bay of Fundy, and on the banks of rivers : and, though at prefent the grafs is every- w ere interfperfed with a cold fpungy mofs, yet the foil, if property and'Tr 6 / miS V” ^ ° f 3 fCW y£arS P roduce good grain > d this I am inclined to believe from the excellent culinary and other roots and vegetables of mod kinds, raifed by the inhabitants m then gardens; particularly pumpions, which, though much in¬ ferior to thofe raifed in New-England, are neverthelefs an excellent fuccedaneum to cabbage in the latter part of the winter. The Frend! have rmfed corn in many places, but I am told it was fmall and (hrivelled; I know maze, or Indian corn, will not arrive to perfection in the neighbourhood of Annapolis; it grows tall and runs t o eed, butwill no, ri pe„. I faw Le potaLs that wem town, after the Ir.th manner, from excellent feed, and as good manure) yet they degenerated furpriftngly, though it was a re¬ markable good feafon for that vegetable. Upon the whole, tho' unpromtfing as thts country fee ms ,o be, I have been in¬ formed by Gentlemen (who have feen more of it, and redded much longer here than I have done) tha, it is no, uniformly bad, there betng fome ,rafts of land which will not (they fay) yield to any of the belt provinces to the fouthward *. Y The trees, which are to be met with in the forerts of Acadia are oak, both red and white ;black and white birch; fome aflt, bu, ihefe fo r rTofT yP d nt ' fUli maP ' C3nd rprUCe ’ 0rlprufs - wi,h var ious other forts of fir and ptne trees; alder, willow, black and white thorn • c I, hazel, chefnut, apple, pear, plum, and cherry; they have m0ft klnds ° f f ™‘ -d lhrubs, as we have in England XIIZy XpJl,“ a ° bre "'* GtWle ”“ lre <" d ^ cogently not altogether VOL, I. 241 * 759 - May. Ii of 2AZ HISTORICAL JOURNAL. , 75 o. of the latter; altogether unknown to us; the woods every-where Ma y* abound with ftrawberries, and a great choice of other fpontaneous fruits, fome of which Europeans are well acquainted with; others they are ftrangers to, and fuch we never prefume to meddle w ith . their timber trees, particularly the oak, fir, and maple, aic of a moll: gigantic fize, feemingly fit for Ihip and other buildings; the Jjjjng generally uled is wood and lome coals ; but, if ever the coun¬ try fhould be well inhabitted and fettled, in fuch manner as not to apprehend any enemy, they will find excellent coal-pits, with plenty of peat or turf. I have feen but few of the various animals which, we are told by hiftorians, infeft the woods of this province ; to fuch as came within my obfervation only I (hall therefore confine myfelf: bears are about the fize of a two years old calf (I have heard there are larger, but I write from my own knowledge, I have feen the Iktns of fome as large as an ox or cow; but I am inclined to think they came from the remote northern parts of Canada, from New¬ foundland, or elfewhere) they are of a rufty, black colour, and their hair long and thick; they are feemingly a heavy beaft, yet their fvviftnefs, when purfued, is inconceivable; theii food is generally fruit, Indian corn, &c. and fometimes poultry, pigs, mice,' &c. Hares are in great plenty, though much finaller than in England, coming nearer to the fize of a rabbit; and, when the fnow fets in, they change from their natural colour to milk-white; this, how¬ ever is not peculiar to hares alone, there being, in this, and other northern countries, many animals, and birds, which become white in the winter. Having mentioned rabbits, I lhall only oblerve, that I nevei faw or heard of any while I was in America ; and this I impute to the oreat variety of other animals that borough in thofe northern parts, and which may, perhaps, be noxious to them : they may, for aught I know, have them in the more fouthern provinces, but thefe I am a ft ranger to. t Foxes 2 43 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Foxes are of different colours; red, or Tandy, as in England; 1759. grey and black; the firft of thefe are the mod common; the laft arc May ' very fcarce. I am told they likewife change to white in winter; but I have feen them at that feafon, which only varied from thole in Europe by having their feet, tips of their ears, muzzle, and the extremity of their tail, or brulh, of a fine black;—this I am very ceitain of, for we had them chained up as favourites, where I had frequent opportunities of examining them. Squirrels I have feen pf various colours and fizes, which are very fweet to eat. The cat-a- mountain, or wild cat, called by the French enfant de diable , is an ugly fierce-looking animal, almoft as large as a middling Iheep, of a greyilh colour and very fhaggy. I have frequently feen that fpecies of quadruped called a racoon*, it is about the iize of a well grown houfe-cat, and of the tyger kind, though its head has fome refemblance to that of a fox; their fur is of a Tandy colour, intermixed with white or grey hairs; their muzzle and paws are black, and, when tormented, they void their excrements, which are of the colour, fize, and lmell of mulk; and at the fame time they make a hideous fereaming noife; thefe animals are generally caught in the hollowed trunk of an old tree, and are fo obftinate when taken, that they cannot be prevailed on to eat any thing, but will live an inconceivable time on the juice of their own paws, which they fuck like a bear; their fur is fine, and pro¬ per for hats, though not of the fuperfine kind : racoons, I am told, are frequently eaten, and in great eftimation, in New-England, roafted, and ferved up with cranberry or other fweet fauce; but I can in this Ipeak from my own experience, for we had one dreffed forourmefs, with a rich gravey fauce, inftead of the other; the flefii of it was white and tender, not unlike kid meat; but it was ftrong, and of a difagreeable filhy flavour. * Called by the French, un pidm. This animal has, I am told, been fhewn in £»- gland for a jackall. I i 2 The 244 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The muik-rat is of a lead colour, and in all other refpedls not un¬ like the large Norway rats in England, except its tail, which is partly round, and, at the extremity, like that of a weafel: its fur is fliort, very fine, and fmells as ftrong as their excrement, which is equal in perfume to the genuine mufk ; their fkins are frequently uied (more particularly by the French, and thofe who like to imitate them) for linings of waiftcoats; but to this practice I object, as they are too ftrong, overcoming, and confequently unhealthful. Thefe are all the four-legged animals I have had an opportunity of feeing, that deferve notice. The fowl and birds come next under confideration : the tame poultry bred in this country are much larger than that breed in Great Britain ufually are, though their fhape, plumage, and flavour are in all refpedls the fame j they have two kinds of partridge in great plenty, diftinguifhed by the fprupe, and the birch par¬ tridges, from their making the berries and tender tops of thofe trees their principal diet; the flelli and feathers of the former are dark, or blackilh brown; are fine eating, but have a ftrong, yet agreeable, flavour of the tree on which they feed.; the flefh of the other is as white as a chicken, its plumage much the fame as in England; both kinds are much larger, and, I think, the birch par¬ tridges are preferable to any I ever met with elfewhere: they are very tame, are killed fitting, or running, like a hen, and often perched on the branch of a tree. Authors and travellers mention various kinds of wild ducks, as peculiar to this country; I have only feen one fort, which do not differ from thofe in Europe ; fnipes they have in great abundance, the fame as among us j but I never faw or heard of a woodcock in thefe parts, the winters here being too fevere for them. There are birds in this province not unlike our blackbird, but of a deeper and more flhining colour; they come in fmall flocks of ten or twelve, and perch upon trees ; they make a wild, (hrill, chirping noife HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 245 noife (not unlike what one hears from a pair of parroquets in a cage ;) 1759* their flelh is fo bitter, that they are not to be eaten ; I have heard May * feveral arguments ahout them ; fome called them blackbirds, others flares (or flarlings) but they differ from both thofe fpecies of birds in Europe. The robin redbread is in all refpedts the fame as in England, faving its fize, which is fomewhat larger than the thrufhj but I do not recolledt that I ever faw any of them in the winter feafon, though I am told they have been caged as favourites, and will thrive and fing very melodioufly in a warm room. The owls of this country are a great curiofity, and make a moft venerable appearance; they are of different fizes, and fome much darker than others : I faw one that had been ilightly winged, and lived feveral weeks after; he was as large as a turkey-cock, his bread, belly, and neck as white as fnow; his head, body, and wings rather greyifh, with the fined pair of tranfparent eyes I ever faw in my life : he feemed to have no diflike to his confinement, feeding heartily upon raw meat. There is a fmall kind of birds, not larger than larks, and exactly of their colour, that, for fome months of the dimmer feafon, fly in large flocks; after you have fired at them, fuch as have efcaped rife, hover about, and, by the time your fufil is again charged, they fimply give you another chance, by lighting on the ground very near you : towards autumn they difappear, and return again alfo in flights, when the fnow lets in; for we are all agreed in that circumflance of their being the fame fpecies j their winter plumage is in general white, interfperfed with brown ; and they have a dreak of that colour from the top of the head along the back down to the tail two feathers of which in the fame line are alfo brown ; in one feafon we call them fnow-birds, and, in the other, fmall-birds, not knowing their proper appellation : they are fat and delicious to eat at all times, and are termed ortolans by the French; but this is a common epithet among them for all the lelfer feathered race HISTORICAL JOURNAL. race that are eatable, and whole real names they are unacquainted with *. The mulketa hawk the reader may remember to have feen de- fcribed under the 31ft of May, 1758. I have feen great variety of other two-legged animals in their flight; but, as I had not an op¬ portunity of examining them particularly, I chufe to pafs them by in filence. The lad, and leaf! of the feathered race, which remains for me to defcribe, is the humming-bird; and it may judly be edeemed a miracle of nature, on account of its Angular diminutivenefs, beauty, and plumage : it is faid to be peculiar to America, but I am told they are larger, and have more variety of colours, in the fouthern parts than here; what becomes of them in the winter we know' not, except, according to the commonly received notion, they die or deep, and revive again in the following year: we ufed to kill them in the gardens about Midfummer, with the heads of pins, or fand in Head of Ihot; and generally found them among flowers and fweet herbs; they are about half the fize of a wren, and made exadtly like a fnipe, with a long black bill, which is about the length and thicknefs of a fine ftocking-needle : the head and back are of a dark green, the wings yellow, the bread pearl colour, and below that, towards the tail, of the colour of a lemon; the legs and claws, which fupport a pair of thighs of pale green, are alfo black and Alining like its bill; they fly exceedingly fwift, and, by their buz- ing, or humming noife, are heard before they are feen, from thence called the humming-bird; the males are diftinguilhed from the fe¬ males by a little tuft of various colours on the top of the head; their eyes I cannot fpeak of, as all that I have feen were dead ; I am told they are remarkable for fine lucid eyes, and, in fhort, I think, in point of beauty and variety, they may juftly be called the goldfinch of America. * Thefe birds are known in the northern parts of Scotland, by the name of fnow-jlects\ they come in flocks in the month of February, and retire in April. The 2 47 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The only curious infeCt I have feen in this country is the fire-fly 1759. (as it is called;) it is about the fize of a common hive-bee, though May * of a brighter colour; and has a double fet of wings, of a delight¬ ful green, fpotted with gold; when they rife in the night (at which time they are moftly feen) they dart fuch a furpriling fplendor, as to appear, at a diftance, like a flafh in the pan of a firelock; and this illumination has often been taken for lightning; they are quite ino-Tenfive, having no fting : I have had many of them in my hands, but they never fhew to any advantage, except when they rife to fly, or fkip in the grafs. The grafshoppers are nu¬ merous, large, and beautiful, furpafling any I ever faw before. The tormenting mufketa, which is not unlike the gnat, or midge, in Europe, though fomewhat larger, carries its Ring in its head, and not in its tail, as bees, wafps, and fome other infects do; they are fo inexprefiibly teizing, that I have known many people thrown into fevers by their virulence, and a perfon’s head, face, and neck fo fwelled and inflamed, as not to have a feature diftin- guifliable; for this caufe we always wore long linnen trowfers, with crape or green gauze nets fewed to our hats, which hung down loofe before and behind, with a running firing at the bot¬ tom, to gather it round the neck occafionally. There is a very di¬ minutive kind of black fly, which alfo flings moft intolerably; it is fcarce perceptible to the naked eye, and one would think it was a pupil to the muiketa, giving as little quarter wherever he comes. All the rivers, bays, and harbours abound with fifh of every genus, exfanguious as well as fanguineous, and in the greateft per¬ fection ; the latter, that are in moft plenty with us, are bafs, from eighteen to twenty-fix pounds weight; their flelh is firm and white as fnow, and in ah refpedls anfwers the fame purpofes of good fal- mon, in pickling, drying, frying, or boiling. Mackarel as in Europe, and gafpercts, which are between the fizes of a mackarel and a herring, are full of fcales and bones; but eat, either freth or falted, broiled, fried, or pickled, as the laft-mentioned fifh does, and 248 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1759- and have exadly the fame flavour. The fineft cod in thefe feas. are Ma> ‘ taken on the banks and coafts of this country ; are even preferable to thofe of Newfoundland, though not altogether in fuch great plenty; and ling, alfo codlings, fardinias, fprats, eels, flukes, fmall turbots, &c. but thefe require no defcription. Oyfters we are ufually fupplied with by the New-England traders, frefli and good ; they are neither large nor fmall; many of their upper as well as under {hells (which is very uncommon) are concave, but this is not ge¬ neral ; and rough or rocky on the outfides; they are well fla¬ voured, and the central part of the infide of the {hells, to which the core or firm part of the fifli ufually adheres, is as black as the reft is white; towards the heel on the infide of each {hell are two little rows like teeth ; they are not long, but of a fine red colour like coral. Oyfters, no doubt, they have upon this coaft (with moft other kinds of teftaceous fifli) but I do not recoiled that ever I faw any of them, nor indeed were we in the way of it, during our irkfome abode in the province. I cannot difmifs my remarks on Nova Scotia, without obferv- ing, that the fogs, which are almoft perpetual here, and farther to the eaftward, are certainly to be attributed to the fwamps, bogs, lakes, creeks, and innumerable rivers, great and fmall, that inter- fed the country every-where; and to which I may add the im- menfe trads of rude, uncultivated forefts. Some people have adopted a different opinion, imputing them rather to the fteamy breath of the vaft quantities of fifli and fea animals wherewith thefe coafts and waters abound; but, however favourable appear¬ ances may be to thefe laft fentiments, on account of the remark¬ able healthinefs of the climate, I muft take the liberty to differ from them, becaufe I rather afcribe the great falubrity of the air to the myriads of venomous reptiles and infeds that abforb the noxious vapours, and purify thofe mifty exhalations, which might otherwife naturally be fuppofed to be offenfive and unwholefome, when arifing from fwampy grounds, or ftagnated waters. See. and this, if I am not HISTORICAL JOURNAL. not miftaken, is the prevailing opinion in other countries where they are fubjed to fogs, and the lands are low and fenny* The principal fortrefles have been already defcribed : the beft of them is only calculated againil an Indian enemy, and that of An¬ napolis Royal, I have been lately + affured, lies intirely negleded ; o that the works, being conftruded of a loofe, fandy foil, arecon- fequently mouldering away to ruin. However, I am credibly i„- formed the country, fince the peace, has affirmed a different afpeft ; that inhabitants increafe, and that there are two houfes of refrelh- “ “ P °"‘ h f r ° ad a from fort (thirty-fix computed miles from Halifax) to Annapolis, where people may travel with the greateftfafetyj and the new-comers, who are fettled throughout the province, follow their refpedive occupations, without the Cnalleft apprehenfions of moleltation or danger. This being the cafe, if the Government wUl continue to perfevere in a vigorous ' IhTliV* ‘ h,S te " der coIony ’ “ ,he)r have wifely don ' within thefe laft twenty years, the next generation, or more likely their defendants, may perhaps confider all that has hitherto been faid of Acad'a in the fame light that ignorant people do, at this day, the records of the primitive date of Great Britain, and its then equally barbarous natives, viz. as fabulous, and the mere produce o a ruitful invention !—To conclude,—I fincerely with the views and expeflations of the generous mother-country, in their fet- tlement of, and attention to, this (hitherto unpromifmg) pro¬ vince, may be fully and amply accomplilhed in every refped.and miniature dominion abounds: and, in a great meafure tn th* r r * g b C be attributed the noffibillttr nf F g , * meafure, to the fame caufes may doubiiefs dies, coall» ^ * “ «" “ &>« We« fit- ? guinea, ana other pernicious climates. t By lately , is meant in the year 1768. 249 il 59 ' May. VOL. I. K k that 25 o HISTORICAL JOURNAL. *759- that the inhabitants may approve themfelves, to lateft pofterity, a loyal, induftrious, grateful people : and thus I heartily bid it adieu* 13th. Sailing orders by Mr. Cobb, Commander of his Majefty’s province; floop York* “ Signals to be obferved* “ For unmooring, I will loofe the head of my jib, and fire one “ gun.—For weighing, I will loofe my main-fail, and fire two “ guns.—When the fleet anchor, they are to take a reafonable “ diftance for their fecurity, as they fhall anfwer the contrary.— « For anchoring in the day, my jack on the enfign’s ftaff.—For ** anchoring in the night, two lanterns on my enfign s ftaff,. and ** fire one gun. « No veflel is to go a-head except in bad weather, or to clear a; ** head of land, fhoals or banks. In cafe of fpringing a leak or «< any other difafter that may difable your fliip from keeping com- pany, you are to fire a gun, or a volley of fmall arms, which I « fhall anfwer with three guns ; if not, the fignal to be repeated « until anfwered* In cafe of fogs, I will fire two guns every two « hours j for tacking, one gun. Upon my difcovering any danger, « I will fire five guns, the whole to tack. If an enemy, my en- “ fign under my pendant. If I want to fpeak with the Mafter, I will hoift my jack under my pendant. If any veflel fhould fe- « parate from the fleet, and join again, when hailed, is to call " out Burton , and be anfwered James .—Should any veflel' want a “ Surgeon, they are to hoift their jack half-maft high. The whole **■ to keep company, if poflible; but, in cafe of feparation, to make ** the beft of their way to Louifbourg. ** Given on board the floop York, May 13, 1759. * “ John Silvefter Cobb. ** To Capt. G. of the Succefs floop.” Soon HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 25I Soon after thefe orders were circulated, the fignals were made, 1759. and at noon we failed with a fair wind and moderate weather ; we May * were faluted by the fort with nineteen guns; alfo by the York Hoop and Monckton fchooner, who difcharged eleven guns each ; and, by a private agreement among the foldiers of each fhip, they gave three cheers, expreffive of their joy at being rcleafe i. -,m their tedious and flaviffi exile; thanking God they were at lall to join the army. This was a furprife upon us, for the Officers were not in the fecret; and, though it likewife afforded us the higheft fatisfadion, our pleafure was doubly increafed by feeing our poor .fellows in fuch good fpirits going on immediate fervice. Between five and fix P. M. came up to, and fpoke with, the miffing tranf- port, with provincials, bound to fort Cumberland. An unfavourable wind; we did nothing but tack this whole , * day, between the entrance of Annapolis and the north ffiore : the fleet all in fight; towards evening the wind freffiened. Blew hard at S. W. with a very angry fea, which in.tirely fepa- rated our fleet; we could not keep our courfe, bore away for Paff- magnadie Head (alias Paffamaquoddy) 'wfrt&s about eighteen leagues N. W. of the entrance of Annapolis, and came to an an¬ chor in Havre le Terns bay ; were pilotted in here by our Mate, who, about four years ago, with his ffiip and crew, were furprifed and made prifoners, by twenty-four Indians, in eight birch canoes • this intelligence fet us on the watch, and we therefore mounted a guard in the evening upon deck, conflfling of a Serjeant, Corporal and eighteen men. There are many iflands, bays, and harbours here, htuated on the back of the river St. Croix, upon the weflern lide of the bay of Fundy; this is a very fine harbour and good an- choiage ; a large fleet might ride here in great fafety, the land high all round, and covered with dark, thick woods, moflly fpruce and pine : the pilot laid, as we had troops on board, and nothing to apprehend, he would bring us to an anchor in the fame place, oping the enemy would come again, that he might be revenged K k 2 of s u 252 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. * 759 - of them j accordingly we anchored off a point of land which runs J1 ' into the bafon, forming a peninfula, at the diftance of about eighty yards, and with a view of decoying the Vermin to vifit us; we kept our men filent, and none were fuffered to be upon deck ex¬ cept the guard, who were obliged to fit down under cover of the fhip’s waift : the peninfula is covered with pine and under-wood, fo dark as to be almoft impenetrable; we caught great plenty of fiffi in this harbour, and we think they are the belt we have yet feen in this country. 16th. The Officers fat up laft night, to oblige the guard to be alert; and gave orders to keep a good look-out upon the water on every tide, and not to fire if they faw any canoe approach, until they ffiould come within eight or ten yards of the Hoop, and then to pour in upon them j in the mean time the Corporal was to have apprized us quietly of the firft difcovery, or noife on the water; the-reft of our detachment (being two companies) were in readi- nefs below. We were not a little mortified that the favages did did not attempt to furprife us, as we hoped to have ftruck an un¬ expected coup d'eclat upon our quitting this province. Fine weather, and warmer than for fome days part, wind un¬ favourable. About two o’clock, P. M. it was a perfect calm; this feamen look upon as a prelude to a fair wind, which encouraged us to weigh anchor, and work out j for this purpofe our boat took hs in tow. The entrance to the harbour being narrow (not exceed¬ ing fixty or feventy yards) and the channel running clofe to the peninfula, left the enemy ffiould give us a fire from the dark cover on that point of land, (a fcheme which our mate fays they medi¬ tated againft him and his floop, the day before they furprifed and took him) the men were ordered under hatches, except twenty, who ftayed with the Officers upon deck, with their arms prefented, in readinefs to return the fire inftantly;—in this fituation we were tor near half an hour, and, though nothing extraordinary happened, the precaution was neverthelefs neceflary.—About four o’clock we cleared historical journal. cleared the iflands, called the Wolves: wind W. S. W. at fevfen, we had a fine breeze at N. E, doubled the Grand Manaan ifland! bearing S. W. and by W. of our courfe; between eight and nine, the wind fliifted a-head of us, and then died away. Wind variable, near to a calm, with hazy weather: what we gain by one tide we almoft lofe by the next: at noon the S. E. end of Grand Manaan bore N. W. diftant four leagues; at two o’clock P. M. got clofe in with that ifland, which is covered moftly with pine and under-wood, and is furrounded by many fmaller iflands: this is the grand rendezvous of the Indians of Nova Scotia, in their hunting and fifhing leafons; we were not a muflcet ihot from the fliore, which is very bold. At feven this evening heavy fqualls, wind variable, but chiefly W. N. W. at ten, a calm with fome rain. We tofled and rolled moft immoderately all laft night, being be¬ calmed in a fwelling fea; dark weather with fome rain. At two A. M. made the land to the W. of Little PaflTage; at four, made Grand Paflage, bearing S. S. W. about three leagues ; at eight, the S. W. end of Long Ifland bore N. E. at two leagues diftance; at ten, A. M. Cape St. Mary, E. N. E. about five leagues; at noon. Long Ifland, N. E. about fix leagues. Weather extremely wet with a thick fog. Our veffel makes fuch little way, that we take great plenty of fi/h : I caught a hallibut to-day; it weighed almoft one hundred weight, was fifty-fix inches long, by twenty in breadth, at the broadeft part, and from fin to fin; I was obliged to have the affiftance of two men to pull-it up, over our floop’s ftern ; and, I think, I never faw or eat a better or firmer fifli: [This fi(h is fo well known in Europe, that it does not require a particular defcrip- tion here.] r We had calm weather all laft night, with fhowers of rain ; lay to this forenoon ; foggy, but moderate; from noon until two o’clock, heavy rain with thunder and lightning; Cape Sable bears E. N. E. At two P. M. made fail with a fair wind and frefh; it rained all the remainder 254 1759 - May. 20th* 2ld. 2,3d. 2 +th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. remainder of the afternoon, wind S. by W. at eight, faw the Seal Iflands, bearing E. S. E. not above a mile’s diftance: founded in ten fathom water, the bottom fand and fhells. Stood off and -on all night, the wind variable, with conftant rain and a thick fog. At fix A. M. faw the Seal Iflands at three leagues diftance, N. E. and by N.—at eight, fpoke with a fifhing fchooner from Newfound¬ land } were for feveral hours inoft difagreeably rolled and toffed in a mountainous fwell, called theRacehorfe; at ten. Cape Sable, N.N.W. about four leagues; about eleven, the weather cleared up, we had pleafant fun-fhine, and got into fmoother water: came up with leveral fifhing veflels from Newfoundland; at noon. Cape Negro, N. E. by E. at three leagues, wind fouth-weft; at feven P. M. fpoke with the Defire tranfport of our fleet; fhe could not give us any account of the reft of our fhips.—A vefiel in fight, but at a great diftance a-ftern. We defcried a fleet of twelve fail a-ftern of us ; they feem to keep our courfe, and many other fhips a-head of us : they appear to be top-fails._Weather moderate thefe two days, and pleafant failing. This evening blows frefh with a tumbling fea; wind veiy un¬ certain. . The fleet we faw yefterday, with many other veffels, are in fight to-day: fine weather, but blows frefh off the land, with a great fwelling fea, wind at N.N.W.— Cape Whitehead, a remarkable land, bears N. N. E. diftance about three leagues. At three, P. M. made the ftraits of Canleau ; and a prodigious fea runs through here with a furprifing velocity. At four came up with part of the New- York fleet, under convoy of the Diana frigate. She gave chace to a fnow off the ftraits. Towards evening the weather more moderate: fpoke with another fail of our Iquadron. Came up with feveral iflands and floats of ice, and faw many more to leeward ; they refembled l and Captain Bell, to be Aids de Camp; — “ Ca P tam Caldwel and Captain Leffie to be Affiftants to the Quarter- ho« oXtwrj r;r f a 'r: dWinsu “ ^^ «*»» ♦hough trivial Col nf ^ “ ° f * C3ptUre Under them « This circumftance* c trivial, lome of my readers are unacquainted with. ** Matter HISTORICAL JOURNAL. « Matter-General; —Major M‘Kellar, Sub-diredor and Chief En- “ gineer, &c. &c. &c. The ten regiments for this fervice in three Brigades, viz. FIRST BRIGADE. « Brigadier-General Monckton. I Kennedy’s, 43 d - “ Major of Brigade, SpittaU. 1 * Anftruther’s, 58th. 1 XT' ("c* v? o SECOND BRIGADE. THIRD BRIGADE. « The three companiers of grenadiers taken from the garrifon ox' « Louisbourg, viz. from the 2 2d, 40th, and 45th, are commanded « by Lieutenant-Colonel Murray; the three companies of light in- “ fantry, viz. onej from the garrifon of Louifbourg, the two others “ to be formed from the army, and are to be commanded by “ Major Dailing > the fix companies of rangers are to be com- « manded by Major Scot-, thefe three corps do not incamp in the * This difpofition afterwards underwent an alteration, the 48th being removed to the \ Governor Whitmore did not think proper to fpare that company of light infantry from his garrifon. |t ,. 2 57 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ line. The two companies of light infantry, commanded by Cap- “ tains Delaune and Cardin, are to be formed from the light infan- “ try of every regiment and battalion, by detachments of well- “ chofen men, in proportion to the ftrength of the corps, every re- “ giment furniffiing one Subaltern Officer and one Serjeant. “ Order of incampment of the army in one line : “ 28th; 6oth; 47th; 58th; 60th; 3 5 thj 43d;78th;48th; 15th “ Second Brigade. Third Brigade. Firft Brigade.* Bragg s, Lafcelles s, Otway s, Lawrence’s, Amherft’s, Kennedy’s “ Monckton’s. Anftruther’s. Webb’s, Frafer’s. “ Br. Gen.Townffiend.— Br. Gen. Murray. — Br. Gen. Monckton. “ ° rder °f battle in two lines, fix battalions in the firft line, “ four in the fecond : 48th; 3d B. 60th ; 35th; 43d; 58th; 15th; Br. Gen. Murray. Br. Gen. Monckton. Brigadier-General Townffiend. 47th j 2d B. 60th. 78th; 28th. ■ o o 3 J Major Dallin Hon. Col. Howe. Rangers under Major Scot. Light Infantry. Light Infantry. VOL. I. L 1 “ The o HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ The detachments of the army will be generally made by bat¬ talions,—companies of grenadiers,—picquets, or companies ot “ light infantry. The picquets of the regiments (hall be in propoi- “ tion to the (Length of the corps, but always to be commanded “ by a Captain. If the General thinks proper to order intrench- ** ments to be thrown up in the front or rear of the army, the corps “ are to fortify their own pods. “ As the fleet fails from Louilbourg in three divifions, " The firfi: brigade is the White diviflon ; “ The lecond brigade is the Red diviflon ; “ The third brigade is the Blue diviflon. “ The grenadiers of Louilbourg and the rangers will be appointed to “ one or either of thofe divifions.—If the regiments here have time “ to put a quantity of fpruce beer into their tranfports, it would be “ of great ufe to the men. Weak and fickly people are not to em- « bark with their regiments; meafures will be taken to bring thofe “ men to the army, as foon as they are properly recovered. c< Halifax, May 7, 1759* «< Major General Wolfe will fill up all the vacancies in the army, as “ foon as he receives General Amherft’s Orders. A proportion of “ tools will be delivered out to every regiment : the corps are to re- «< ceive thirty-fix rounds of ammunition, fome loofe ball, and three “ flints, per man. Calks of ammunition will be put on board fmall “ veflels, ready to be diftributed, if wanted. As the navigation of “ the river St. Lawrence may in fome places be difficult, the troops “ are to be as careful as poffible in working their Ihips, obedient to the Admiral’s commands, and attentive to all his fignals : no boats are “ to be hoifted out at fea, but on the molt urgent occafions. “ Halifax, May 9, 1759. «< After the troops are embarked, the Commanding Officers will «< give all neceffary diredions for the prefervation of the health of 4 < tl^eir men : guards mull mount in every (hip to keep Arid order, “ and historical JOURNAL. iln « the reduction of Louiibourg, and the " f mCn recr , uited fince tha ‘ time. The fix companies ofran- „ *T ‘° f e ” the like re turn : Captain Gorehams company to hold themfelves tn readinefs to embark to-morrow morning b L 1 2 Sailing 260 1759 - May. 'Z7 HISTORICAL journal. Sailing Orders and Instructions, by his Excellency Admiral Saunders. “ Additional Inftru&ions and Signals. « From Louiibourg .he flee, is .0 fail in three divifions (m fuch .. oM er as I fhall direft by the fignals hereafter mentioned ,) each di - “fion ,0 have a Commanding Officer, and .0 be drftingufthed by « different colours, as follows . The White divifion. .. Th e Commanding Officer .0 wear a White broad pendant, and « all the tranfports in his divifion to wear White vanes. The Red divifion. - Myfelf in the Neptune , all the tranfports of that divifion .0 wear .. Red vanes: but, whenever 1 think proper to leave that « of his Maiefty’s Ihips will hoift a Red broad pendant, and then a .. 1 rranfp Js of the Red divifion are to follow him, and obey h,s “ fignals. The Blue divifion. .. The Commanding Officer to wear a Blue broad pendant, and all « the tranfports in his divifion to wear Blue vanes. - When the fignal is made for the headmoft and wea.hermoft (hips .. ,0 tack firft, the divifion, that is a-head when the fignal is made, .< is to out about and continue .0 lead on the other tack : but, when - make’ the fignal for the fternmoft and leewardmoft .0tackfirft, .. for the whole flee, ,0 tack together, the dmbon, tha, was tor - mod before the fignal was made, is ,0 keep a-head upon the .. rack and that which was the headmoft is ,0 keep a-torn. ^Note, -When I am in the river failing among banks and „ f an 4 Sj I ihall find it neceffary to place fmall veflels at an anc or in .< (hoal water, to point out the channel j you are therefore in go g .. up the river, ,0 keep all fuch veffels as wear Red flags upon your ..(larboard bow; and all fuch as wear White ones on your larboar « bow. “ Additional / HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 261 ** Additional Signals in a fog. I. “ When failing large or before the wind, if I would alter the courfe “ to Starboard, I will fire feven guns ; and, if to Port, nine guns, “ and, four minutes afterwards, a gun each half minute, for as many points as I would have the courfe altered; fo that, if only one gun is “ fired, one point only is altered to Starboard, or Port. II. “ When failing upon a wind, if I think proper to pay away large, *' I will fire ten guns, and four minutes after a gun each half minute, “ for as many points of the compafs as I fhall go from the wind. “ Note,-In the night the Commanding Officer of each divi— “ fion is to carry a light on his poop, and another in his main top. “ Before I make the fignal for the fleet to anchor, I fhall fend fome ° f tb ' hi, The h e :1 ,ng f if r on, x to come f ° an anchor. ,o Jf® J&* J d,vi £ on t0 ^ a-head. I he White divifion to fail a-ftern The White divifion to make more fail. 1 he Blue divifion to make more fail. The Ditto to fail a-head. The Ditto to fail a-ftcrn. The White divifi on to make lefs fail. I ne HJue divifion to ditto. All the transports to keep to windward. All the transports to keep to leeward. toSg P ” ,,S “ m>te ,he be “ « f way 10 Louif- The M?n of War in the Red dirilion only to wei.h w'kL °"' h “ ' hc Whi “ divifion,, to Note, _ AH the Signal, made at any Mall-head will be hoiited on the Flag-ltaff. ^ *< .b. Ot ^ >o to O » HISTORICAL journal. V 264 1759 - May. historical journal. “ Sounding Signals. “ Whereas feme veffels will be appointed to attend on each divifion “ in order .0 found, the faid veffels will make known the feveral depths « of water they may happen to meet with, by ho.fting the fignals « • n tr •__U17.. N° of Signals. times to be i hoifted. N° ot fathoms. r 1 5 I 2 6 A Ye llowpendant < 3 7 J 4 8 L 5 9 r 1 10 | 2 11 A Blue pendant < 3 12 4 13 1 L 5 14 r 1 i 5 | 2 16 A White pendant < 3 17 4 18 5 19 1 20 2 21 A Red pendant—< 3 22 | 4 2 3 l J 5 2 4 Signals. N° of times to be hoifted. A Common pendant >< An Englifh jack — < An Enfign —- — N° of fathoms. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 5 26 27 28 29 3 ° 3 1 3 2 33 34 35 3 6 37 38 39 40,or upwards. Note> _If the vend that founds, when ine nonrs me i cuuw “ pendant, keeps it flying, and fires guns, finds lefs than five .. f at homs, the founding veffels will wear a Vane chequered Red « and White. if by any unforefeen accident, or by hard gales of wind, “ wefterly, you fhould, foon after entering the river, be obliged to bear away, you are to repair to Gafpee Bay above-mentioned, “ from whence you are to proceed again to the ifland of Bic, with “ the very firft opportunity that offers. 265 1759 * May. (A 7 . B. Here the Mafters of Tranfports are referred to a chart or plan, fliewing the route which his Excellency intends to make from Louifbourg harbour to the ifland of Bic.) “ Given under my hand, &c. “ Neptune, Louifbourg harbour, “ This 15th of May, 1759, “ Charles By Command, &c. S. M. Saunders.” t VoL. I. M m “SIGNALS w 266 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1759 - May. “SIGNALS for the Land Forces. ** When I would fpeak with any of the Officers under-mentioned belonging to the troops, I will make the following fignals, viz. “ For all land General Officers,*) %P „ { Main ") Top-gallant-mafl Majors of Brigade, ( ^ J Fore J head. All Adjutants, \ 2 % j Main ] Xop _ maft head. All Quarter-Millers, J Monckton’s 60th, — J t-Red with a white crofs Fore CD Lawrence’s 60th, — f Mizen . ^ Frafer’s 78th, - | Main Grenadiers of Louifbourg j iBlue with a red crofs Fore W Rangers - f Mizen > Royal Artillery — * |white with a red crofs Main O Chief Engineers — Commiflary of ftores Fore Mizen “ Commiflary of Provifions, white with a red crofs at the Mizen. *' Peek. “ Dated on board his Majefly’s ffiip “ Neptune, May 15th, Louifbourg harbour, “ Charles Saunders.’* By Command of the Admiral, S. M.. SIGN A L S HISTORICAL JOURNAL. SIGNALS for Landing, Flags to be Places GO hoifted. where. C P O Blue and yellow I Main top- chequered j matt head I Red and white [ chequered : Main top- matt head I Mizen ttirouds I « J Red and white 1 Mizen f ttriped ( ttirouds ' l ■* A ^utch flag Mizen ttirouds I ' Yellow & white? Mizen V f ttriped J ttirouds '{ Significations. For the troops to prepare to land. For the troops, &c. to land. For the Matters of all the tranf- ports in the fleet, that have troops on board, to go on board the Ad- .miral. For the Matters of all the tranf- ports in the red divifion, &c. to go on board the Admiral. For the Matters of all the tranf- ports in the white divifion, that have troops on board, to go on . board the Admiral. -For the Matters, &c. of the blue I d /vifion &c. &c. to go on board the Admiral. 44 44 44 €4 44 44 ORDERSto the Mailers of Tranfports at Louiibourg. " You are hereby required and diredted ilrittly to obftrve the following orders, viz. ‘‘ You are to furnilh the Officers of the troops with a boat and boats crew, when wanted; but tire Officers are not to keep the boat waiting. * “ Y °" ° re not 10 P ermit 3n y ° { y°or boats to be on fl'tore after un -fet or to lot ter on ihore in the day-time, when they have buftnefs there ; which gives frequent opportunity for defer- ,\ lf an y belonging to your tranfport ffiould defert, you -ire immediately to acquaint me therewith. Mm2 *< VrMi 267 * 759 . May. " You HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ You are flriftly injoined not to futtle, or permit any other “ perfon on board to do fo, on any pretence whatloever. “ You are, on no account whatfoever, to fend your boat on « fhore, after 1 have made the fignal to prepare for failing. Given on board his Majefly’s fliip Neptune, in Louifbourg “ harbour, May 15, 1 759 * “ To Mr. Thomas K 11 k, tt Cuarx.es Saunders.” « Mafter of the tranfport Good-will. By command of the Admiral, S.M. Major-General Wolfe’s ORDERS. “ Louifbourg, May 17. “ The regiments are to give in a lift of their volunteers, accord- “ ing to their feniority and fervice. Captain Cramake, of General ** Amherft’s regiment, is appointed to act as Deputy Judge-Advo- “ cate to the expedition j and Lieutenant Dobfon, of the 47th re- “ giment, is appointed, by General Amherft, a Major of brigade “ in the army.” “ Louifbourg, May 18. “ As the regiments arrive, they are to have frefh beef deliveied “ to them j and, in general, while the troops remain in this har- “ hour, they are to be furnilhed with as much frelh provifions as “ can be procured. If there are any lines and hooks to be had “ from the ftores, Captain Leflie will diftribute them to the troops. «< The 28th regiment, with the grenadiers and .rangers, are to be in « readinefs to embark at a day’s notice. Befides the thirty-fix rounds of ammunition, with which every foldier is to be provided, “ a quantity of cartridges in calks fhall be put on board each tranf- port.” 44 May 23. *< If the Captains of Major Dalling’s corps of light infantry ob- “ ie6t to any of the men, as unfit for that particular kind of fer- J “ vice. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ vice, the regiments are to change them, and fend unexceptionable “ men in their room. The regiments will be particularly careful “ to try their ammunition which is delivered to them, that they “ may be fure it fits their arms. Captain Frafer’s company of light “ infantry of the Highland regiment is to compofe a part of Major “ Dalling’s corps, and to receive their orders from that Officer; “ the 47th regiment furniflaes twenty-four men for Cap*. Adams’s “ company.” but the Ia P els rema in : befides the ufual pockets, he “ has tWO ’ not hke f P a tterdaffies; his hat is made into a cap, wit a flap and a button, and with as much black doth * General Wolfe ordered the light infantry to wear their bayonets. V °L. I. N n “ added 274 1759 - Mjy. June ift. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. «* added as will come under his chin, and keep him warm, when “ he lies down; it hooks in the front, and is made like the old velvet “ caps in England.” The firft brigade of the army, with the Louilbourg grenadiers, landed to-day for exercife; they performed feveral manoeuvres in pre¬ fence of the General Officers, fuch as charging in line of battle, forming the line into columns, and reducing them ; difperfing, ral¬ lying, and again forming in columns, and in line of battle alter¬ nately, with feveral other evolutions; which were all fo well exe¬ cuted, as to afford the higheft fatisfaftion to the Generals. The weather, though cold, favoured our performance; but the ground was fwampy and uncomfortable.—The troops have been daily en¬ gaged in thefe exercifes, whenever the weather permitted. “ORDERS. " The troops to land no more for exercife : the flat-bottomed “ boats to be hoifted up, that the fhips may be ready to fail on the “ firft fignal. When three guns are fired from the Saluting battery, “ all Officers are to repair to their fliips; the regiments and corps “ are to fend, to-morrow morning at eight o’clock, to the artillery— « ftore, for tools, in the following proportions, and receipts to be “ given for them. “ Regiments. Pickaxes. Spades. Shovels. Bill¬ hooks. “ Amherft’s - “ Bragg’s - - - “ Kennedy’s - - “ Lafcelles’s - “ Webb’s - - - 5 ° 6o 8o 7 ° 8o 20 3 ° 3 ° 3 ° 20 00000 >—» 1—• < JO IO 10 IO 10 “ Anftruther’s 8o 3 ° IO IO “ Monckton’s - - 5 ° 20 IO IO “ Lawrence’s - - 5 ° 20 IO IO “ Frafer’s - - 1 CO 40 3 ° 20 “ Grenadiers of J “ Louilbourg j 5 ° 20 10 IO In all 670 260 120 110 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. i 7S “ The Nightingale man of war will be ordered to carry invalids *759- “ to England; the regiments to fend returns of their numbers, that ^ unc “ the proportions may be regulated. All the regiments to be im- “ mediately completed to thirty-fix rounds ready for fervice ; and “ as much fpare calk ball will be given hereafter. The regiments “ camp-neceflaries will be furnifhed by the corps that have it to fpare. “ The under-mentioned regiments are to furnifh a detachment to the “ Bedford and Prince Frederic (hips of war, viz. “ Otway’s, i Sub. i Serjeant, 24 rank and file, ] D , f . “Webb’s, 1 Sub. 1 Serjeant, 26 rank and file, j Be dford. “Kennedy’s, 1 Sub. 1 Serjeant, 24 rank and file, 1 n , . Frafer’s, 1 Sub. 1 Serjeant, 26 rank and file, J” r ‘ Frederic. “ They are to embark to-morrow morning. “ The regiments are to clear their fea-pay arrears, as far as they “ have money.” The troops were a-fliore again this day for exercife, being the laft time, while we are to continue here. The rangers fcoured the woods to-day, met with fome of the enemy, gave them a fire, and drove them to fome of their inaccefiible faftnefles. The harbour is full of ice, infomuch that fome foolhardy feamen, who were on fhore, went to their (hips on the floats, ftepping from one to another, with boat-hooks, or fetting-poles, in their hands; I own I was in fome pain while I faw them, for, had their feet flipped from under them, they muft have perifhed. Bragg’s regiment, and the three companies of grenadiers, (from the three battalions of regulars, which are to remain in garrifon here) embarked this day. “ORDERS. “ The Admiral propofes failing with the firft fair wind; the Com- 2d. “ manding Officers of tranfports are to oblige the Mafters, as far as “ they are able, to keep in their refpeftive divifions, and carry fail when the men of war do, that no time may be loft by negligence “ or delays. They are alfo to report to the Admiral all deficiencies N n 2 “ in HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ in the fliip, left the Mafter fliould negledt doing it; and diredt, “ that the flat-bottomed boats be waftied every day, to prevent their “ leaking.-An orderly Serjeant is to attend Major M'Kellar. “ The Admiral will order the Nightingale man of war into Louif- “ bourg to receive fixty invalids ; thele men are to be landed ; “ their fubflftence and clearances to be paid to the Town-Adjutant « for them : the Nightingale will likewife take the two Officers of “ artillery. The regiments are to receive provifions for no more “ than three women per company of feventy men, and four women “ per company of one hundred men each ; Monckton’s, Bragg’s, “ Otway’s, Webb’s, Kennedy’s, and Lafcelles’s, to give a bat-man “ each to the Engineers. The following regiments to receive frefh “ provifions this afternoon,—Otway’s, at four o’clock; Amherft’s, “ at half an hour after; Anftruther’s, at five; Monckton’s, at half “ an hour after; and Lawrence’s, at fix o’clock. Thofe regiments, “ that want camp-equipage, are to fend to Captain Leflie, Afliftant “ Deputy Quarter-Mafter-General, this afternoon at fix, to receive ** their proportions of what has been given into his care. The regi- “ ments, that want tents, are to fend, to-morrow morning at fix “ o’clock, for one hundred and forty tents each, to the Fair American “ tranfport, lying near Port Frederic..”' I have been feveral times on fliore, fince my arrival, to view the defences of the town and citadel of Louifbourg ; alfo the grand bat¬ tery, the ifland, light-houfe point, and the bay where the army landed kft year but as ail thefe have been particularly defcribed by other writers, fo as to be rendered univerfally known; and as that once fa¬ mous and formidable fortrefs has been fince difmantled, I hope I may be excufed faying any thing on the fubjedt from my own perfonal obfervations. “ Frefh provifions to be delivered to all the regiments and corps “ to-morrow morning at five o’clock at Point Rochfort. The Quar- “ ter-Mafters of Amherft’s, Anftruther’s, and Lawrence’s regiments, “ to attend Captain Leflie at four o’clock this afternoon.” A ftrange HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 2 77 A ftrange fail appeared this morning off the mouth of the harbour, ^759* and a lignal was made for two frigates to give her chace. This mom- 4 th. ing fome of the fleet weighed and worked out: the whole are pre¬ paring to fail ; the tranfports have got their anchors a-peek.—In the evening fome lhips of war cleared the harbour, and others put back and came to an anchor, the weather turning foul, with a thick fog : little or no wind. At nine o clock this morning the remainder of our fleet, &c. 5 l h- weighed, and got out; weather wet and foggy. Towards noon the wind came right a-head, which obliged thole fhips, who were not clear of the land, to put back into the harbour, and come to an anchor. Some filhing-lines, hooks, and links have been ilfued out to the troops, in order to ule occafionally on the voyage, for the prefervation of the health of our men ; and it is, at the fame time, recommended to fteep a quantity of ginger in the frelh water which they are to drink on their paffage. Mild weather to-day, with much rain. A fchooner arrived from Halifax, and anchored clofe by our Ihip : the Mailer informs us, that a valuable prize has been very lately brought into ChebuCto harbour, the crew whereof were Dutch and Spanilh, loaded with Itores and provilions; that Ihe belonged to a fleet of twenty-four fail, under convoy of four frigates, who were ajl feparated off the coall, partly by bad weather, and by endeavouring to avoid our cruifersj they came laft from * Bourdeaux, and were bound to Quebec. Fair weather; wind variable, and little of it; the remainder of 6 th. our armament weighed at four o’clock A. M. and cleared the har¬ bour and bay without any accident j at ten came up with the reft of the fleet, who had lain-to, in order to wait for us.—And, now that we are joined, imagination cannot conceive a more eligible profpeCt: of which, that the reader may form fome idea, I lhall here annex a lift of our fhips of war, frigates, Hoops, &c. &c. in¬ dependent of an immenfe fleet of tranfports, ftorelhips, victuallers, traders, and other attendants ; Ships’ 278 * 759 * June. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Ships’ Names. Guns. Neptune — — 90 Princefs Amelia — 80 Dublin — — 74 Royal William — 84 Van-guard — — 74 Terrible — — 74 Captain — — 7 ° Shrewfbury — — 74 Devonlhire — — 74 Bedford — — 68 Alcide — — 64 Somerfet — — 68 Prince Frederic — 64 Pembroke —* — 60 Medway — — 60 Prince of Orange — 60 Northumberland - 64 Orford -- — 64 Stirling Caftle — — 64 Centurion —- — 60 Trident — — 54 Sutherland — — 5 ° Frigates,—Diana 3 6 Leoftoffe — 28 Richmond — 3 2 Trent 28 Echo — — 24 Sloops, —- Seahorfe — 20 Eurus - 22 Nightingale — 20 Hind — — 20 Commanders. Admiral Saunders, Commander in Chief, Captain Hartwell. Admiral Durell. Admiral Holmes. Captain Piggot. Captain Swanton. Captain Collins. Captain Amherft. Captain Pallifer. Captain Gordon. Captain Fowkes. Captain Douglafs. Captain Hughes. Captain Booth. Captain Wheelock. Captain Proby. Captain Wallis. Captain Lord Colville. Captain Spry. Captain Everet. Captain Mantle. Captain Legge. Captain Roul'e. Captain Schomberg. Captain Deane. Captain Handkerfon. Captain Lindfay. Captain Le Forey, Captain Smith. Captain Elphinftone. Captain Campbell. Captain Bond. Ships’ HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Ships’ Names. Guns. Commanders. Squirrel • — 20 Captain Hamilton. Scarborough — 20 Captain Stott. Lizard - 28 Captain Doak. Scorpion - H Captain Cleland. Zephir ——— 12 Captain Greenwood. Hunter — — 10 Captain Adams. Porcupine — H Captain Jarvis. Baltimore — 10 Captain Carpenter. Cormorant — 8 Captain M-. Pelican — 8 Captain Montford. Racehorfe — 8 Captain Rickards. Bonetta — — 8 Captain-. Vefuvius — — Captain Chads. Strombolo — — Captain Smith. Rodney cutter — — 2 Captain Douglals. The Bonetta and Rodney, as alfo the Charming Molly. Lawrence, Peggy and Sarah, Good Intent, and Proiperity, 279 * 759 - June I had the inexpreffible pleafure to obferve at Louifbourg, that our whole armament, naval and military, were in high fpirits; and, though, by all accounts, we fliall have a numerous army and va¬ riety of difficulties to cope with, yet, under fuch Admirals and Ge¬ nerals, among whom we have the happinefs to behold the mod cordial unanimity, together with fo refpedtable a fleet, and a body of well-appointed regular troops, we have reafon to hope for the greateft fuccefs. The prevailing fentimental toaft among the Officers is —Britijh colours on every French Jort , port , and garrifon in America . Moderate weather all laft night j this day it blows frefli. At five 7 ,h. P. M. Newfoundland bore north, at three leagues diflanoe ; the land 280 1759. June 8th. 9th. 10th. nth. 12th. 13th. 14th. 15th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. land covered with fnow; and, as the wind comes moftly from that quarter, the air is exceedingly cold. Fine clear weather all lad night and this day, with moderate breezes j and the fleet all together c at noon Cape Race bore N. E. by N. about four leagues; and the ifland of St. Paul^W. N. W. about fix leagues. Clear weather, blew hard in the gulph : at eleven A. M. the Bird iflands W. by N. diftant feven leagues. Moderate towards evening: at five P. M. our fhip happily efcaped running foul of one of our fire-fhips. Moderate clear weather, with gentle breezes. We had divine l'ervice on board ; an Officer officiated as Chaplain t as we were going to prayers, about ten o’clock, we got foul of another tranlport, which obliged us to fufpend our devotions for fbme little time. cleared the other vefiel, after breaking her fpritfail yard, without any other damage on either fide. In the evening it blew frefli. Pleafant weather; had another efcape from the before-mentioned fire-fhip; made the headlands ofGafpee; bore W. S. W. diftant fix leagues ; the wind off fhore. At night the wind came right a-head, and blew hard : — faw four fail to leeward ; we did not know whe¬ ther friends or enemies. Blows ft ill frefli ; very near running on board the Leoftoffe fri¬ gate ; the fleet all together. At noon faw the S. E. end of Anti- cofti ifland, at about eight leagues diftance. Fine weather, with moderate breezes; the fleet lay-to for fome hours, and many men of war’s boats were out; in the afternoon it fell calm; the land now on each fide of us, viz. Anticofti on our ftarboard, which appears large and high, and does not feem to be inhabited, being clofely covered with trees, moftly pine ; and the eaftern parts of Nova Scotia on our larboard hand. Moft delightful weather and favourable breezes: our fleet well to¬ gether. Before this day, we have had neither fog nor hazy weather fince we cleared the ifland of Cape Breton. Gentle breezes, with inter- V 281 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. mitting fliowers of rain : the lands on the north and fouth fliores are *759- very high and covered with fnow. We have this night remarked, ^ unC that, for feveral mornings and evenings part, we had periodical calms, breezes, and fwells. A thick fog this morning, which cleared away towards noon; 16th. the headlands are remarkably high. An Officer on board, being ad- vifed by the Surgeon to drink fea water for the fcurvy, made the experiment, but found the water fo freffi, as to have no effect on him : an event at which the Mailer of our tranfport exprefled fome furprife, as he faid it was then about tide of flood. The low as well as high lands are woody on both iides; the water of a blackifh colour, * and the ripple occafioned by the rencounter of ‘ the ilrong currents down, and the tide of flood upwards, is ex- * tremely curiousour wind rather perverfe, though the weather is mild and pleafant. Some of the headmoil of our fleet came to an anchor this morn- 17th. ing under the north fhore, to wait for the rear divifions; at nine A. M. weighed again, failed till the evening, and then came to an anchor ; but, the wind i'oon after fpringing up fair, we embraced the opportunity, weighed and made fail. Wet weather: early this morning our ihip came to an anchor, i8tb, in fight of the illands of Bic and Barnaby : the former bore W. by S. at nine leagues, and the other about eight leagues S. W. and by W. of our courfe; here we met the Richmond frigate, and a ten¬ der of Admiral Durell’s fquadron. A Midfhipman was inflantly fent on board of us, who gave us the following intelligence: * That Mr. Durell had taken pofleflion of the ifland of Coudre, * and had proceeded to Orleans ; that he alfo took three prizes, be- * fides fome fmall craft, laden with flour and other proviflons ; but * that three frigates and ten tranfports had efcaped them, and got ‘ up to the town, which is about thirty-five leagues from hence : ‘ that the enemy have almofl: finilhed a large three-decker at Que- ‘ bee; and, by fome packets that were intercepted, the Admiral has Vol. I. O o * received 282 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. * 759 - June. J91I1. * received information, that provifxons, and particularly bread, are ‘ fcarce in the French army.’—This Gentleman adds, that they have got a good number of Pilots, which they decoyed, on their paffage up the river, by hoifting French colours with the ufual fignals*. Our fleet are all in fight, though far a-fiern of us ; however, the wind fpringing up fair, and the weather clear and moderate, we again weighed and failed until feven in the evening, when the whole came to an anchor between the two iilands before-men¬ tioned. The difiance between Bic and the fouth fhore is between four and five miles, both lands high and woody ; before our fliip came within two miles of the ifland, we found from feven to eight fa¬ thoms and an half, in our foundings; the N. E. end of it is rocky, and very long ledges run out from it. Though the river is of an extenfive breadth between Bic and the north fhore, I obferve the channel here is on the fouth fide of the river, and of the fore¬ going ifland; all our fleet keep that courfe. We found two other fliips of Mr. Durell’s fquadron at anchor here; faw a great number of feals and porpufles to-day, with which this river abounds. At night fell fome rain, and the wind frefhened. The fleet weighed at four o’clock this morning; wind variable: foon after, we had thick weather and a violent fiorm; we reefed and double-reefed, but at length were obliged to come to an anchor, and, finding a ftrong current to encounter with, which * Upon the van of Mr. Durell’s fquadron having appeared under French colours, ex- prefTes were fent up to Quebec with the joyful tidings; for the enemy expedfed fome promifed fuccours from France, and the greateft rejoicings imaginable were made throughout the whole country : but they foon changed their note; for when a number of canoes had put off with Pilots, and thofe who remained on fhore did not fee their friends return, but, on the contrary, faw the White colours ftruck, and BritiJJ) flags hoifted in their place:-their confirmation, rage, and grief were inconceivable, and had fuch an effeft on a Prieft, who flood upon the fhore with a telefcope in his hand, that he dropped down, and inftantly expired. drove •" n HISTORICAL JOURNAL. drove our fliip from her mooring, we were under a neceflity of paying out one hundred and forty fathoms of cable ; this blowing weather was attended with heavy rain. Towards noon it cleared up, and the wind and-fwell abated : before four P. M. the wind fair, and weather more moderate. A parcel of fmall birds flew about our fhip to-day from the fhore; they are very tame and fa¬ miliar ; one of them, having perched on the flirouds, fubmitted to be made a prifoner: it is about the fize of a fparrow, its head and body of a copper colour, interfperfed with black; its wings and tail are black and white; its beak of ebony, curved-like, though much ihaipei than thofe of a hawk or parrot, and with this farther dif¬ ference, that the extremities of the upper and lower beaks crofs each other; we gave it grain to eat, but it preferred feeding on flies, and whatever it could find in the crevices of boards.—At feven o’clock P. M. the Richmond frigate pafled us, on board of whom was General Wolfe, who politely faluted us, hoping we were all well on board: at eight, came a-breaft of a fmall ifland on the fouth fide of the river, and at nine came to an anchor in twenty fathom water. We faw an immenfe number of fea-cows rolling about our fhips to-day, which are as white as fnow : we diverted ourfelves in firing at them, and I obferved fome of them, that were ftruck on the back with ball, did not feem fenfible of it, nor did our fhot make any impreflion on their Ikin or coat, but bounded as it would upon a Hone; that part of their body which they expofe above the water may be from twelve to fifteen feet in length, but their thicknefs I cannot be a judge of, having never leen them out of that element. I wifh I was able to ;*ive a parti¬ cular defeription of this animal, from my own perfonal authority ; but, as that is not in my power, I ihall prefent the reader with the account given by an eminent French author, Moniieur Corneille, in his own words; and, for the fatisfadtion of fuch of my readers as do not underftand the French language, I fliall attempt to annex a tranflation of it: C’effc 283 1 759 * June. O O 2 284 1 / 59 - June. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ C’eft un animal fort monftreux et amphibie, qui furpafie quel- “ que fois les bceufs en grofleur. J1 a la peau comme celle d’un “ chien marin, et la gueule d’une vache, ce qui eft caufe que quel- “ ques-uns l’ont nomine vache marine—a l’exception qu’il a deux “ dents qui fortent dehors recourbees en bas et longues d’une cou- “ dee. Elies font aufi eftimees que l’yvoire, et on les employe aux “ mefmes ouvrages. Cet animal a rarement plus d’un ou de deux “ petits. II eft robufte et fauvage d’abord, et tres difficile a pren- “ dre, ft ce n’eft en terre; il arrive peu qu’on le prenne en l’eau. ** On dit qui ne mange ni chair ni poiffon, et que fa pature con- “ fifte en de grandes et longues feuilles d’une certaine herbe, qui “ crolt au fond de la mer.” “ It is an amphibious animal, and generally of fo large a fize, “ as even to exceed fome oxen : it has a (kin like to that of a fea- “ dog, and a mouth like a cow (which is the reafon of their being “ called, by fome authors, a fea-cow) with this exception, that it « has two projecting teeth, crooked downwards, to the length of “ about half a yard thefe teeth (or tulks more properly) are as valuable as ivory, and are applied to the fame ufes. This animal “ has feldom more than one or two young onesit is ftrong, ex- tremely wild, and very difficult to be taken, except on fhore: it feldom happens that they are taken in the water. It is averred “ that they neither eat flefh nor fifh, but that their food confifts of “ large leaves of a certain fubmarine weed, known by the name of “ fea forrel.” I flaall here fubjoin what I was afterwards told by a Miflionary of Quebec, with whom I fometimes converfed about thefe and other curiofities in this country :—The inhabitants, fays he, of the E. and N. E. parts of Acadia, frequently take thefe fea-cows by the following ftratagem :—they tie a bull to a ftake, fixed on the ffiore, in the depth of about two feet of water j they then beat and other- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ©therwife torment him, by twilling his tail, until they make him roar ; which as foon as thefe animals hear, they make towards the Ihore, and, when they get into lhallow water, they crawl to the bull, and are then taken with little difficulty: their fore-feet are, in all refpe&s, like thofe of a cow; the hinder fjpet are webbed, or joined by a membrane, like a goofe : they have no hair about them, except on their head, which is generally white or grey j they are covered with a hard fcaly fubltance or ffiell, which, how¬ ever, turns to no account thefe people, as well as the favages, eat fome parts of this animal, and what they diflike they boil, with its fat, to an oily or greafy fubllance, with which they fave or cure the Ikins of other animals for leather. Agreeable weather to-day, and warm; wind variable, and little of it. At eight A. M. we doubled the entrance of Tadoufac bay on the north fide, and Red Illand on the fouth : I am informed, that within this bay is an excellent harbour, which communicates, by the river Seguenny, with Hudfon’s bay, and is navigable for large trading veffels for nine or ten leagues up the country *. The en¬ trance of that bay or harbour does not appear to be above half a mile over, and may be eafily known; for, on the weft fide, a little to the fouthward of the entrance, is a fmall flat ifland, of a reddilh fandy colour, with fome grafs on it, but clear of wood or buffies. Here the river St. Lawrence is not above eight miles or three leagues over, and the lands all round us are lofty, and thickly covered with trees; as we came a-breaft of Tadoufac, we incountered the ftrong- cft rippling current I ever faw ; it runs nine or ten knots in an hour, and, at the fame time, the wind dying away, drove back fome of our tranfports, and many of them luckily efcaped falling foul of each other, particularly of the fmaller craft. Another of the birds, defcribed yefterday, vifited us to-day; there is a trifling difference between it and the former, I mean as to its plumage * See Dr. Douglas's Hiftory of America. being 285 * 759 - June. 20th. 286 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1759* being fomewhat brighter than the firft is they were glad to meet, ^ une ’ feem to like our European grain, and have a pretty wild chirping note: we think they are male and female, and that the laft, by his fprightlinefs, is the cock. At one P. M. came to an anchor off the iflands, weighed again at eight in the evening, and anchored about ten at night; I believe the reafon of our weighing in the evening proceeded from many (hips being drove from their an¬ chors in the afternoon by the rapidity of the current, which, however, does not run with equal force every-where. 21ft. Wind W. N. W. and blows frelli; continually anchoring and weighing again, as before. At ten A. M. faw a few houfes on the fouth fhore, and beyond them a great fire in the woods. At one P. M. came to an anchor off a neat fettlement, confifting of thirty or forty houfes, on the fame fide of the river, and a large trad of clear cultivated land adjoining to them j I lament our not having a Pilot on board, from whom I could learn the bearings, distances, and many other particulars of this country and navigation. The habitations before-mentioned are the firft we have feen fince we entered the river St. Lawrence ; quite calm this evening. 22d. At eight A. M. the fleet weighed anchored at two P. M. and in an hour after weighed again; we did not run long before we had a fignal to drop, and accordingly we came to anchor in twenty fathom water, off a fine large fettlement or village, on the fouth fhore, with a neat church to it; the wind variable with fome rain. Here we have iflands on every fide of us, with no remarkable cur¬ rent. The lands on the fouth fide of the river feem to be tole¬ rably well cultivated. We made feveral tacks from north to fouth to-day, and got from five to ten and an half fathom wa¬ ter. Between five and fix P. M. weighed again, with a fair wind, but blowing fo frefh, that we were obliged to reef; we failed until pine at night, and then anchored in fifteen fathom water, clofe under the north fhore. The Mafter of the Good-will tranfport, who is an elderly man, one of the younger brothers of Trinity-houfe, a historical journal. Pilot for the river Thames, and an experienced mariner, fays, he has failed up mod of the principal rivers in Europe, and that he elteems the river St. Lawrence to be the fined: river, the fafeft na¬ vigation, with the beft anchorage in it, of any other within his now ledge; that it is infinitely preferable to the Thames or the Rhone, and that he has not yet met with the leaft difficulty in working up. He added, ‘ when we go higher up, if they ffiould put a French Pilot on board of me, ye Avail fee. Mailers, how I will treat him.’—We have had frequent opportunities of fpeaking with other fhips in this voyage, and, by one of them, we are told, that a Midfiiipman of Admiral Durell’s fhip was furprifed on the ifle of Coudre, and made prifoner. We alfo learn, that a finp has been intercepted, bound to France, on board of whom was a female relation of the Governor-General of Canada, with feveral nuns, and fome families of diilinftion; all of whom were returned by the Admiral to Quebec, under a flag of truce, that they may have ocular proof of the valour of a Britifli armament, and, we hope, of the redudlion of their boafted capital of Canada! It is reported, by French Pilots, that fome frigates and fixty transports got up the river Iaft autumn, while Sir Charles Hardy’s lquadron was afGafpee. J Weighed between two and three A. M. weather moderate, and wind fair: in about five hours after, came to an anchor in twenty- ve fathom water; the reafon of our not working up with more cu patch does not proceed from any obflruftions in the navigation but in the neceffity there is of founding as we advance; for which purpofe, a number of boats are out a-head. By the fituation of f M fl° * 16 *: apita1, and of the u PP er country, it is not pof- . e {or a fleet to fail up toQuebec, without its Governor’s having le ear le notice of it ; this is apparently a great advantage. We have fettlements now on each fide of us, the land uncommonly high above the level of the river; and we fee large fignal-fires every where before us :-Mr. Durell’s fquadron, and the ifland of Condre 287 1759. June. 23d. u * are * 759 - June. historical journal. are juft difcernible. At ten A. M. the rear divifion coming clofe up with us, we weighed at two P. M. made the iiland of Coudre, and failed by the Admiral and feven (hips of the line, who were at anchor in a place called the Narrows, which is near two miles over, with very deep water. The river is of an immenfe breadth between the iiland and the fouth country, but the channel is on the north fide of it. Coudre is large, for the mod part cultivated, and by the number of houfes, it feems to have been tolerably well tnha- bited; churches, crucifixes, and images are now to be leen almoft every-where. The land on the north fide of the iiland is the higheft I ever remember to have feen, and juftly defetves the name of a mountain : it is a barren rock, having neither trees nor grafs on it, and only producing a fhort kind of heath, with a few Ihrubs on the lower part of the face of it. At a fmall diftance, north-weft of this promontory. Hands another, and between the two lies a beautiful vale, in which is f.tuated the pleafant-looking village (with a large parifli-church) of St. Paul: here we had in our view a number of cattle on fhore, particularly horfes, and feveral men an women; I think I never faw a fettlement in a more definable place, and the buildings appear cleanly and decent. Between' C ° ud £ the north fliore is a moft rapid current i the Mailer of the Good¬ will fays it runs near ten miles in an hour ; here we got foul of another tranfport, and luckily cleared her again without any ac- cident At five P. M. came to an anchor at fomewhat Detter than a mile’s diftance W.S. W. of Coudre, and about two miles from a draggling fettlement, alfo on the north fide, called St. Joleph. One of our founding-boats was fired at from the there, upon which a boat, full of men and Officers from the , jth rcg.ment, who were a-ftern of us, put off to amufe the enemy, unt.l the Other thould take all the foundings along lhore r our people made feveral feints, as if intending to la,id at different places, from each of which the enemy direfled a heavy fire, but they were not within reach of their (hot; thefe unhappy natives paid dear or HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 289 this behaviour, as will be feen in the fequel of this work. The 1 759 - man of war’s boat executed her commiflion without any farther moledation, and the detachment of the 15th returned to their tranfport. The weather, fince we entered the river St. Lawrence, has been in general moderate, and free from fogs, at lead fince we doubled Anticodi Illand ; when ever it was gloomy and threatened rain, there appeared a thick haze upon the highed eminences, but nothing more than one ufually meets with in other more equal cli¬ mates. This evening we have fultry clofe airs. Clear weather, and inconceivably hot; wind at S. S. W. and 24th. blew hard; by the violence of the wind, and the drength of the tide, many fliips were drove from their moorings; two tranfports ran foul of us lad night; happily no damage was fudained. About noon it was fqually, which rendered our fituation unpleafant; to¬ wards evening it was more moderate : at night we had violent thunder and lightning, fucceeded by an uncommon fall of heavy rain, and a profound calm. Fine weather but no wind : the fleet weighed at two o’clock 25th. A. M. and worked higher up with the tide of flood for two hours, and then came to an anchor; the Good-will moored in five fathom water, where, had we remained until the lowed ebb, we fliould have found ourfelves in a very precarious fituation : however it was timely difcovered for us to change our birth, and, after bringing home our anchor, we dood in for the north fliore, which is very bold ; there we found the channel, with ten fathom water Along the fouth ihore, and a-head of us, we fee many iflands, and, though the river is here feveral leagues in breadth, it is neverthe- lefs, in mod places, ihallow and rocky. A trading fchooner flruck on a rock, near to the place where we fird anchored, and indantly went to pieces; the weather being moderate, the crew were faved, and fome few calks of wine; but the greated part of the cargo was lod : the Mader of the Good-will fays we fhould pro¬ bably have iliared the fame unhappy fate, had we remained where Vol. I. P p we 290 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. *759- we were. The air extremely fultry, and we were vifited by muf- ^' 1 “ L ' keta’s, which were very troublefome to us for a few hours, but they were at length difperfed by fome welcome breezes, that blew favourably for us; and the fleet, taking the advantage of them, weighed at eleven A. M.—At three P. M. a French Pilot was put on board of each tranfport, and the man, who fell to the Good¬ will’s lot, gafconaded at a moft extravagant rate, and gave us to underftand it was much againft his inclination that he was become- an Englifh Pilot. The poor fellow aflfumed great latitude in his converfation ; faid, * he made no doubt that fome of the fleet would * return to England, but they fhould have a difmal tale to carry * with them; for Canada fhould be the grave of the whole army, * and he expe&ed, in a fliort time, to fee the walls of Quebec or- * namented with Englifh fcalps.’ Had it not been in obedience to the Admiral, who gave orders that he fhould not be ill ufed, he would certainly have been thrown over-board. At four P. M. we paffed the Traverfe, which is reputed a place of the greateft diffi¬ culty and danger, between the entrance of St. Lawrence and Que¬ bec : it lies between Cape Tourmente (a remarkably high, black- looking promontory) and the eaft end of Orleans on the ftarboard fide, and ifle de Madame on the larboard. Off Orleans we met fome of our fhips of war at anchor. Here we are prefented with a view of a clear, open country, with villages and churches innu¬ merable ; which laft, as alfo their houfes, being all white-limed on the outfldes, gives them a neat elegant appearance from our fhips. At five in the evening we had a violent fform of rain, and at fix we anchored in fifteen fathom water. As foon as the Pilot came ©n board to-day, he gave his directions for the working of the fhip, but the Mafter would not permit him to fpeak; he fixed his Mate at the helm, charged him not take orders from any perfon except himfelf, and, going forward with his trumpet to the forecaftle, gave the neceffary inftrudtions. All that could be faid by the Commanding-Officer, and the other Gentlemen on board, was to no HISTORICAL JOURNAL. no purpofe j the Pilot declared we /hould be loft, for that no French /hip ever prefumed to pafs there without a Pilot; * aye, aye, my * dear (replied our fon of Neptune) ‘ but d-me I’ll convince * you, that an Engli/hman /hall go where a Frenchman dare not * /hew his nofe.’ The Richmond frigate being clofe a-ftern of us, the Commanding Officer called out to the Captain, and told him our cafe j he inquired who the Mafter was ?—and was anfwered from the forecaftle by the man himfelf, who told him * he was ‘ old Killick, and that was enough.’ I went forward with this ex¬ perienced mariner, who pointed out the channel to me as we palled, /hewing me, by the ripple and colour of the water, where there was any danger; and diftinguilhing the places where there were ledges of rocks (to me invilible) from banks of fand, mud, or gravel. He gave his orders with great unconcern, joked with the founding-boats who lay off on each lide, with different-co¬ loured flags for our guidance ; and, when any of them called to him, and pointed to the deepeft water, he anfwered, * aye, aye, * my dear, chalk it down, a d-d dangerous navigation—eh, * if you don’t make a fputter about it, you’ll get no credit for it ‘ in England, &c.’ After we had cleared this remarkable place, where the channel forms a complete zig-zag, the Mafter called to his Mate to give the helm to fomebody elfe, faying, * D- * me, if there are not a thoufand places in the Thames fifty times * more hazardous than this ; I am a/hamed that Engli/hmen Ihould ‘ make fuch a rout about it.’—The Frenchman afked me, if the Captain had not been here before ? I affured him in the negative, upon which he viewed him with great attention, lifting, at the fame time, his hands and eyes to heaven with aftoni/hment and fervency. We had inceffant rain, thunder and lightning all this night paft. Our divifion weighed early this morning : at feven A. M. came to an anchor off the pari/h of St. Lawrence, on the ifland of Orleans, in eighteen fathom water : this is the deepeft courfe of P p 2 the 26th, 292 J759- June. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. the river, the channel on the north fide of the ifland having only a fufficient depth of water for boats, and other fmall craft, as we are told; but of this, I prefume, welhall be better informed, before many months are elapfed. Here we are entertained with a mod agreeable profpeCt of a delightful country on every fide; windmills, water-mills, churches, chapels, and compaCt farm-houfes, all built with ftone, and covered, fome with wood, and others with ftraw. The lands appear to be every-where well cultivated, and, with the help of my glafs, I can difcern that they are fowed with flax, wheat, barley, peafe, &c. and the grounds are inclofed with wooden pales. The weather to-day is agreeably warm; a light fog fometimes hangs over the Highlands, but in the river we have a fine clear air. Where we now ride, the tide does not run above fix knots an hour, and we have good anchorage; the reft of our fleet are working up, and, by the fituation of affairs, I am inclined to think we are hap¬ pily arrived at the place, that, to all appearance, will be the theatre of our future operations. In the curve of the river, while we were under fail, we had a tranfient view of a ftupendous natural curiofity, called the water-fall of Montmorency, of which I hope, before the clofe of the campaign, to be able to give a fatisfaCtory relation. A point of land running from the weft-end of Orleans, and inclining to the fouthward, intercepts our profpeCt of Quebec at prefent, from which we are now between five and fix miles; the -country-people, on the fouth fhore, are removing their effects in carts, and conducting them, under efcorts of armed men, to a greater diftance. At ten o’clock A. M. a fignal was made for the Quarter-Mafters of regiments, by which we conjecture the army will be ordered to prepare to land. At three P. M. another fignal was made for the tranfports to work up under the Commo¬ dore’s ftern, and we loon after anchored again, off the parifh church of St. Lawrence. The HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 293 The following ORDERS are juft now publiftied : June. c< On board the Richmond off the ifland of Orleans, June 26. “ Captain Deane will range the tranfports in proper order along “ the ftiore of the ifle of Orleans this afternoon, and to-morrow “ morning, about fix o’clock, a fignal will be made for landing. “ The floops and fchooncrs, that have rangers on board, are to “ draw clofe in ftiore: the fix companies of rangers, and Captain ** Cardin’s company of light infantry, are to be landed firft, to re- ** connoitre the country. The flat-bottomed boats only will be “ employed in landing the men; they are to aflemble at the Leo- ** ftoffe at four in the morning, and from thence firft to the ran- “ gers, &c. then to Amherft’s regiment, then to the other corps, “ according to their rank, or the conveniency of their fituation j “ the men are to take their knapfacks, tents, camp-equipage, and “ one blanket of the fhip-bedding, befides their own blankets : ** thirty-fix rounds of ammunition, all the tools, and four days “ provifions. The rangers, and light infantry, are not take their “ baggage on fhore in the morning, two days provifions and a “ blanket only. As the weather, in the months of July and Auguft, “ is generally very warm in Canada, there are to be no more than “ five men in a tent, or, if the Commanding Officer likes it bet- “ ter, and, has camp-equipages enough, he may order only four. “ Otway’s, Webb’s, and the Highland regiments, who are each “ in number equal to two battalions, are to incamp their companies “ in double rows of tents, that they may have more air, and more “ room in their incampment, and confequently be healthy. The “ two pieces of artillery in the Ruflel are to be landed after the ** troops are on ftiore, or fooner, if there be occafion. The Officers “ muft be contented with very little baggage for a day or two, un- “ til it can be conveniently carried to the camp. In each flat-bot- ** tomed boat there will be an Officer of the men of war and twelve “ feamen; and no more than feventy foldiers are to be landed at a “ time: 294 »759- June. 27th. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ time : thefe will help to row the boats. The provifions for the “ troops are to be for the future at full allowance.” Lieutenant Meech, with forty rangers, landed, late laft night, on the ifland of Orleans without oppofition; they went foon after on a fcout, and, in the woods on the north fide of the ifland, they met a body of the inhabitants who were fecreting their effe&s ; the rangers, feeing them much fuperior in numbers, wanted to avoid them, but were puffied fo clofe as to be almoft furrounded ; which Mr. Meech perceiving, refolved upon engaging, as the only re- fource whereby he and his men had any probability of extricating themfelves: they accordingly fkirmiffied for a few minutes, when the Canadians, not reliffiing fuch treatment, even on their own ground, retired a little way ; which Mr. Meech fufpeding to be a fnare laid for him, inftead of purfuing, withdrew to a farm-houfe, and took poll there until it was clear day-light: the rangers had one man killed, whom this morning they went in fearch of, and found him fcalped and butchered in a very barbarous manner ; whereupon they went in purluit of the enemy, and traced them, by their blood, to the water’s edge, on the north fide of the ifland, whence this expert Officer fuppofes they embarked. The army landed this morning, purfuant to yefterday’s orders, on the fertile and agreeable ifland of Orleans, and under the church of Laurentius, (or St. Lawrence). The light troops fcoured the ifland, and took fome cattle and hogs j we marched about a mile north-weft of the place of landing, and incamped in one line, with our front to the north-ward. As we halted for fome time on the beach, after we came on lhore, I went with fome other Officers to take a view of the church, which is a neat building with a fteeple and fpire: all the ornaments of the altar were removed, a few indifferent paint¬ ing only remaining; the Redtor (or Curate) of the pariffi left a letter behind him, directed ‘To the Worthy Officers of the Britijh Army •, praying, « That, from their well known humanity and gene- * rofity, HISTORICAL JOURNAL. * rofity, they would protedt that church and its facred furniture, as * alfo his houfe and other tenements adjoining to it; and this, if not * for his fake, yet for the love and mercy of God, and in com- * paffion to his wretched and diftradted parifhioners he added, * that he wiftied we had arrived a little earlier, that we might have * enjoyed the benefit of fuch vegetables, viz. afparagus, radifhes, ‘ &c. &c. as his garden produced, and are now gone to feed he concluded his epiftle with many frothy compliments, and kind wilhes. See. confident with that kind of politenefs fo peculiar to the French. An abler pen than mine might find fufficient fubjedt for encomiums on the beauties and fituation of this ifland, which is univerfally confefled to be a moll delightful fpot: it lies on a noble river in the heart of a charming country, and furrounded by a great number of natural curiofities and pleafant villages; the north-weft end and north fide of Orleans are woody, and all the reft of it is laid out in compadt farms, and very well cultivated : the foil appears to be fruitful, producing every fpecies of grain and vegetables as the beft lands in England. The inhabitants aban¬ doned their houfes, after having removed all their effedts; and fuch articles as were of leaft value they concealed in the woods on the ifland. General Wolfe took an efcort of light troops, accompanied by Major M‘Kellar, our chief Engineer, to the weft end of Orleans, in order to reconnoitre the fituation of the enemy, the garrifon, the bafon, and the circumjacent country; he difeovered the French army incamped on the north fide of the river, their right extending clofe to Quebec, and their left towards the cataradt of Montmo¬ rency ; the ground which the French General has made choice of is high and ftrong by nature, with the village of Beauport in the center of their camp, and that of Charlebourg in the rear of their right: to this poft they are all employed in adding every kind of work, that art can invent, to render it impenetrable. In the after¬ noon we had a dreadful ftorm of wind and rain, which lafted for fome hours ; the troops were_very fortunate in finding great quan¬ tities. 2 9S *759- June. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. tities of wheaten and peafe ftraw that had been lately threlhed, with fome excellent hay to lie upon. A boat was fent down to view our fleet in the river, and was taken. Some detachments from the army marched this evening towards the weft end of the iiland, by way of amufing the enemy ; and returned foon after to camp. Great damage has been fuftained in the fleet this afternoon by the ftorm; it fell moftly on the boats and other fmall craft; fome tranfports were driven on fliore, and others ran foul of each other: many of the flat-bottomed boats fuffered much by this hur¬ ricane, and feveral of them are rendered unfit for farther fervice; the weather is now more moderate towards night. “ORDERS. “ A cantonment-guard to be mounted immediately by Otway s « regiment at the General’s quarters, confiding of one Captain, « three Subalterns, four Serjeants, four Corporals, and one hundred « m en. All detachments of light infantry, and all companies of « ra ngers, when ported on the front, rear, or on the flanks of the “ army, if out of fight are to acquaint the Officer commanding « the brigade or corps neareft to them of their fituation. The de- “ tachment that was under Colonel Carleton’s command is to re- « turn their tools, and fpare ammunition, immediately to the Com- “ manding Officer of Artillery. Whenever the regiments fend for « ftraw, or any thing elfe they want, proper Officers muft go with « t heir men, to prevent fuch irregularities as the General law yefter- « day, and will be obliged to punilh very feverely. No detach- 4t m ent, either with, or without arms, are to be fent to any dil- “ tance from the camp, without the knowledge of the Brigadier- “ General of the day. Regiments, or detachments, when cantoned, “ muft always have an alarm-poft, or place of affembly. It is or- “ dered once for all, that foldiers are to keep clofe to their incamp- “ ment, and are not to pafs beyond the out ports or guards, nor « wander through the country in the diforderly manner that has << HISTORICAL JOURNAL. '* been perceived here. The army mujl hold themfelves in readinefs “ always to get under arms , either to march or fight , at the Jhortefi “ notice. When the ten companies of the grenadiers of the line are collefted as one corps, they are to be commanded by Colonel “ Burton, and Major Morris to aflift him. When the light infan- “ try of the line are formed into one corps, they are to receive their orders from Colonel Howe, who has Major Huffey to aflift him. v The grenadiers of Louilbourg, and Major Dalling's light infantry, “ are to receive their orders from Colonel Carleton. This laft “ corps, two companies of rangers, the Quarter-Mafters and Camp- Colourmen of the army, and a Hatchet-man with a felling “ axe from each regiment, to afiemble at Major Dalling’s canton¬ ment to-morrow at twelve o’clock, in readinefs to march under Colonel Carleton s command : Captain D-, the Engineer, to ‘ go with this detachment. Major Scott is immediately to order “ a company of rangers to take charge of the cattle for the ufe of “ ^ ie arm y* All feamen, found flrolling from the beach up to the “ country, are to be taken up and fent priloners to the cantonment- “ guard at the head quarters : four days’ provifions for the troops “ will be landed this day; the rangers to receive fix days’. Orderly “ hour at nine o’clock at the head quarters. As the Quarter-Matters “ of the regiments will be much wanted in camp to-morrow, on account ot the delivery of provifions, only a Serjeant, and three ** Camp-Colour-men of a regiment, are to parade to-morrow for “ the Quarter-Mafter General; the whole to be commanded bv a “ Subaltern.” This night, about twelve o’clock, the enemy fent down five fire- {hips, and two rafts, to deftroy our fleet; as they drew near to the weft end of the illand, fome cannon that had been loaded, on board the veffels, with round and grape fliot, played off and rattled about the Ihore and trees at that extremity; which fo difconcerted fome ftnall detached parties, and our Gentries, that they quitted VoL * L 0.9 ‘ their *97 * 759 - June. V 298 * 759 * June. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. their ports, and, in retiring towards the camp, fell in upon each other in a confufed manner, and alarmed the army: the picquets were immediately advanced, with the light troops, to the north fide of the ifland; the line turned out, and were ordered to load : t e quarter and rear guards remained under arms, until it was clear day-li°ht. Nothing could be more formidable than thefe infernal engines were on their firft appearance, with the difcharge of their guns, which was followed by the burfting of grenade’s, alfo placed on board in order to convey terror into our army ; the enemy, we are told, formed fanguine expectations from this project, but their hopes were happily defeated ; fome of thefe dreadful meffengers ran on (hore, and the reft were towed away clear of our fleet by the feamen, who exerted themfelves with great fpirit and alertnefs on the occafion. They were certainly the grandeft fire-works (if I may be allowed to call them fo) that can poflibly be conceived, every circumftance having contributed to their awful, yet beautiful, appearance; the night was ferene and calm, there was no light but what the ftars produced, and this was eclipfed by the blaze of the floating fires, iffuing from all parts, and running almoft as quick as thought up the marts and rigging; add to this the folemmty of the fable night, ftill more obfeured by the profufe clouds of finoke, with the firing of the cannon, the burfting of the grenado s, and the crackling of the other combuftibles; all which reverberated thro the air, and the adjacent woods, together with the fonorous ihouts, and frequent repetitions of All’s well, from our gallant feamen on the water, afforded a feene, I think, infinitely fuperior to any ade¬ quate defeription.. Though this fight was intirely new, ana unexpected by t e foldiery, which, I am credibly informed, was not the cafe with our Commanders (they having been apprifed of thefe matters, before they left England) we had the pleafure to obferve our men were not at all diihiayed, but, on the contrary, were eager to meet the enemy on fuch open ground as we then occupied, even under the diiadvantages 299 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. difadvantages of night, and our being ftrangers to the country. But, j 759 - with due deference to fuperior judgment, I am of opinion the ex¬ pedition and defign of thefe fire-ftages ought to have been commu¬ nicated to the troops, that they might have been the better prepared againft any furprile from the enemy co-operating therewith; tor, had the French General been fo circumftanced, as to have had it in his power to fpare (without any confiderahle diminution of his army) three or four thoufand choice veterans, or perhaps halt that numbei, at fo critical a jundture, it is difficult to fay what turn our affairs might have taken. Therefore, with all refped, I would recommend, that, on every future occafion, all expedant occurrences of this na¬ ture may be imparted to and circulated throughout the army. “ORDERS. “ All detachments and outpofts, that are placed for the lecurity of 29th. « the camp, are to fortify themfelves in the beft manner they can, « either by intrenching, planting palifadoes, or by cutting down trees, “ and making a breaft-work of their trunks, with the branches thrown “ forwards. In this fituation a fmall party will be able to defend it- “ felf until fuccour arrives, or, at leaft, will give time for the troops “ to get under arms. No centries are ever to be placed within point- “ blank mufket-lhot of any wood, unlefs behind Hones or trees, fo « a s not to be feen. In a woody country detachments muft never “ halt or incamp in the little openings of the woods, nor ever pals “ through them without examining the fkirts with all imaginable care « and precaution : next to 'colour., the bejl qualities in a military man « are vigilance and caution . If the provilions can be landed, and the « carts brought up, the army will march to-morrow by the left, by “ files, in one column, and in the order in which they ffiould have << been incamped. The generale beats at.four, the afiembly at five, “ ffie army marches at fix. Colonel Howe s corps of light infantry, « with the Quarter-Mafter and Camp-Colour-men, are to precede the •« march of the army two hours, and poll detachments in all the fuf- Q^q 2 “ P e who were the firft difcoverers, expected to have found fome valuable mines there, and* being difappointcd, called that part of it, on which the upper town of Quebec is now partly fuuated, — il-capo-di-nada , 4 a cape of nothing, or barren cape:’ whence, adds this v/riter, the name of Canada has been corrupted. Others fay, that, upon the Spa¬ niards’ firft landing, they were accofted by the natives with the words hah-ca-nab-dab , which implies — i there’s nothing here.’ It is not a matter of great confequence to us ; but, I think, Dr. Douglafs’s definition of it, in his American Hiftory, is very abfurd j— for he pretends that it derives its name from Monficur Kane, or Cane, who he advances to have been the firft adventurer in the river St. Lawrence. c arms. * 759 - June* 3°4 * 759 - June. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. * arms, they mud expedt the mod fatal confequences; their habita- ‘ tions deftroyed, their facred temples expofed to an exafperated fol- * diery, their harveft utterly ruined, and the only pafiage for relief * flopped up by a mod formidable fleet. In this unhappy fituation, * and clofely attacked by another great army, what can the wretched « natives expedt from oppofition ? — The unparalleled barbarities ex- < erted by the French againft our fettlements in America might juftify * the bittereft revenge in the army under my command.— But Britons * breathe higher fentiments of humanity , and lifien to the merciful die - * fates of the Chriftian religion. Yet, fhould you fuflfer yourfelves to be * deluded by any imaginary profpedl of our want of fuccefs, ihould « you refufe thofe terms, and periifl in oppofition, then furely will the «law of nations juftify the wade of war, fo neceflary to crufh an un- * generous enemy ; and then the miferable Canadians mud in the < winter have the mortification of feeing the very families, for whom « they have been exerting but a fruitlefs and indifereet bravery, perifh ‘ by the mod difmal want and famine. In this great dilemma let ‘ the wifdom of the people of Canada (hew itfelf; Britain ftretches <■ out a powerful, yet merciful, hand : faithful to her engagements, and * ready to fecure her in her mod valuable rights and pofleflions: ‘ France, unable to fupport Canada, deferts her caufe at this impor- * tant crifis, and, during the whole war, has aflifted her with troops * who have been maintained only by making the natives feel all the * weight of grievous and lawlefs opprefiion.-Given at Laurent in ‘ the ifland of Orleans, this 28th day of June, 1759. J A. Wo jLF E.’ After the fkirmifh was over this morning between our light troops and the enemy, the former, in the purfuit, apprehending that the peafants and colony troops might pofiibly return with a reinforcement, poflefled themfelves of a large farm-houfe, where they found a quan¬ tity of provifions and moveables, with a fire in the kitchen-chimney: from hence they intended to waylay the enemy, in cafe they fhould return ; 3°5 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. return; but, hearing the voices of people talking, they fearched the *759* houfe, without however making any difcovery; whereupon they re- ^ unc ’ folved to fet fire to it, and return to the church. After the flames began to fpread with rapidity, they were alarmed with bitter fhrieks and cries of women and children, who had foolifhly concealed them- felves among fome lumber in a cellar. Our people very humanely exerted themfelves for the relief of thofe miferable wretches, but their belt endeavours were ineffedual; the houfe was burnt to the ground, and thefe unhappy people perifhed in the flames. Such alas ! are the direful efctts of war. About ten o’clock, the light troops being re¬ turned to Beaumont, the brigade flood to their arms, and marched immediately, leaving a detachment of one Major, two Captains, four Subalterns, and two hundred men, befides a Captain, Subaltern, and about forty light infantry (all of the 43d regiment) at the church, as a rear-guard, with orders to remain there until they fhould receive diredions to follow. About an hour and an half after the brigade had marched off, the Brigadier fent back an Officer, Serjeant, and twelve men, with orders to us to move forward, and rejoin our corps. Upon Handing to our arms, half a dozen flraggling fellows appeared on an eminence to the fouthward of the church, at the diflance of near three hundred yards: they were almofl naked, with blankets about them. After viewing us for two or three minutes, they beckoned to us to advance; and we did the fame to them with our hats : upon which they fired at us ; but their ffiot was thrown away, having trundled along the ground at our feet: an Officer was ad¬ vanced a little way with a white handkerchief on the point of a fixed bayonet, and waved his hat at them to come in; but, finding they only fought to amufe us, (for the rafcals were well fituated, having a llone-wall clofe behind them, with an opening in it, through which they could retire, in cafe we had marched up to them, and a thick coppice on their right) our Major gave orders to march. Our light infantry moved forward, and had not proceeded far, before a ffiot was fired, and was followed by a piteous groan. We immediately VoL< R f pufhed 3°6 £ 759 * June, HISTORICAL JOURNAL. puffied after them, on a fuppofition that they were attacked ; but it proved an unfortunate miftake, for one of them, coming to the door of a houfe, faw a man climbing into a back window, which he be¬ lieving to be a Canadian, fired at him, and (hot him through the body : the unhappy fufferer was one of his corporals. This difafter was attended with great trouble and delay to us, being obliged to take charge of the wounded man, and carry him along with us *. We marched through a fine cultivated country on a pleafant road, and, between five and fix o clock, joined the troops at Point Levi, where we found the enemy warmly difputing that ground with them ; the principal flcirmiffiing was in the Ikirts of fome coppices, to the weftward of the Point } a woody commanding rocky eminence to the fouthward, the church of St. Jofeph, and the parfonage-houfe contiguous to it. The troops and the enemy were alternately in pofleffion of thefe buildings; but at length the Brigadier ordered the Highlanders into the woods on the high ground, and the light troops to get round the hill and furround them, while he in perfon, at the head of the grenadiers, marched up and gallantly attacked the church and houfes, which they once more gained pofleffion of, after a flout re- fiftance on the part of the enemy, who, finding themfelves not able any longer to withftand our fire and numbers, at length gave way. This place is by nature very ftrong, and was exceedingly well defended; for, by all accounts, the enemy did not exceed a thoufand men, who were partly inhabitants, fix hundred colony troops, and about forty Indians; our lofs in taking this ground was very inconfiderable, not amounting to more than thirty killed and wounded ; what the enemy fuftained I never could learn, for they always contrive to carry off their killed and dilabled men on thefe occafions. The brigade occupied the houfes and all the eminences round the Point •, where, I muft not omit to * We fattened a blanket with fkewers to two poles, and had him carried like a corpfe -by fix men, whom we relieved every quarter of an hour; for our poor fellows, by fome miftake, were otherwife heavily laden with their own necelTaries, camp-equipage, m- trenching-tools, provifions, &c. &c. &c. obferve. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 307 obferve, we found neither batteries *, nor any kind of works, as had * 759 - at firft been apprehended. At ten o’clock this night. Colonel Bur- ^ ' ton, with a detachment of the regiment under his command, joined us from Orleans. At nine o’clock this morning the enemy fent down three floating j u j y> batteries (one mounted two guns, the other one each) in order to diflodge us ; for this purpofe, laft night, they quietly, and undis¬ covered by our fleet’s boats, anchored a canoe in the bafon, at a certain diftance, the better to remark our lituation, and the parti¬ cular houfes and other ports which they faw us occupy. Where¬ upon, apprehending that a body of troops might rufli down the hill, and attack us, while under a fuppofed confternation, by their floats, we were ordered to ftand to our arms, and an advantageous dilpofltion was made of the brigade, leaving, however, proper de¬ tachments in the church and other houfes, as alfo on the flcirts of the coppices j and the light troops occupied the top of the eminence which commanded the Point, and formed a chain from Nadau’s great water-mill, on the eaft, to the Prieft’s, and other houfes, that rtood detached from the church, weftward. In this fituation they cannonaded us near an hour and an half, when the Admiral, la¬ menting our difagreeable circumrtances, threw out a fignal for the Trent frigate, who loft no time in coming to our relief; and, the * J anual 7 I 9 > 1760. We were this day informed at dinner, by the late Fort-Major and fome other French gentlemen, that Monfieur Montcalm forefaw the great advan¬ tages that would refult to us over their capital, in being polMed of Point Levi; and propofed, before we came up the river, that four thoufand men Ihould be ftrongly in¬ trenched here with fome ordnance, and that other works fhould alfo be conftruaed higher up the country, at certain diftances, for the troops to retire to, in cafe their lines * Ihould be carried at the Point. But Monfieur Vaudreuil over-ruled this motion, in a council of war; and infilled, that, though we might demolilh a few infignificant houfes with (hells, we could not bring cannon to bear upon Quebec, a-crofs the river; and it was his firm opinion, that it was their duty to ftand upon the defenfive with their whole army on the north fide of the bafon, and not divide their force on any account what- foever. R r 2 tide 308 historical journal. 1759* tide of flood then fortunately favouring us, the foon worked up,. g ave the enemy a few broad Tides, and obliged them to fheer off: General Wolfe alfo, with the greateft expedition, came to our af- fifiance, and brought a detachment of the train, with fome guns and carriages j he immediately ordered out a number of workmen from each regiment, and erefted a barbet battery clofe by the fhore, to prevent any farther annoyance to us from the river , and, at the fame time, the Trent and other frigates anchored off the Point, and fome others of our fleet worked higher up, by which good conduct of our naval friends, we were no longer apprehenfive of any infult from the floating batteries of the enemy, whofe guns were w'ell ferved, and by their grape-fhot we loft feveral men j but, had not our Brigadier judicioufly ordered the troops to lie down, after we were formed, our lofs would probably have been very con- fiderable. The General, now feeing the neceflity of remaining in poffeffion of this ground, and as if apprifed of the good con- fequences that would thereby refult to his future operations, re- folved to maintain it; for this purpofe, we were ordered to in¬ camp, and immediately fet about intrenching ourfelves, infomuch that, before night, we were in a tolerable ftato of fecurity. Some batteries on the north fhore, which the enemy opened on our fhips (though beyond their reach) when they were turning up to our relief, this morning, plainly pointed out to the General the necef- fity of poffefling, in like manner, the weft end of the ifland of Orleans, as thereby the fleet could be better inabled, with fecurity, to co-operate with the army; and accordingly orders were dif- patched to Brigadier Townfhend to detach a party for this pur- * pofe, which was executed, without lofs of time, under the direction of Colonel Carleton : a good battery was inftantly marked out there, and redoubts were begun to be thrown up, for the fafety of the troops who were to cover it. Some buccaneer firelocks, of an un¬ common length, were found by our men to-day, buried in an or¬ chard HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 369 chard adjoining to the great water-mill ; upon examining them, 1759. they were loaded with two balls each, befides a piece of fquare July ' iron, four inches long, the edges of which were wickedly filed rough, like the teeth of a faw. From this ground we have a full view of the enemy in their camp, on the oppofite fide of the bafon ; their right extends above the town, with the river Charles in their front, where they have got the hulks of two frigates advantageoufly ported, for the defence of that rivulet ; and their left is clofe by the fall of Montmorency. Their fituation appears to be very ftrong by nature ; and I can difcern, by the help of my telefcope, that they are numerous, and, as if jealous of an attempt by us on that quarter, they are fortifying themfelves in every part; the rear of their left feems to be covered with thick woods, and, throughout their camp, there are a continued chain of houfes, the windows of which is logged up for the fervice of mufketry. “ ORDERS. “ C amp at Orleans, July i. “ Lawrence’s battalion to hold themfelves in readinefs to em- “ bark at a moment’s warning. Lawrence’s battalion to rtrike “ their tents, pack up their baggage, and march down to the wa- “ ter-fide oppofite to the church, fo as to be there at half an hour ** a ^ ter five to-morrow morning j the light infantry of that corps k ‘ are not to embark, but remain with Otway’s regiment.” At three o’clock this afternoon, we were alarmed by a fmart firing of mufketry in the woods, and the troops flood to their arms ; this was occalioned by a party of Indians coming down to annoy our camp, for whom Captain Goreham, and his rangers, laid an ambufh, and fcalped nine of them. Two twenty-four pounders and two twelves are mounted on our barbet battery. Major Scott, with a large corps of rangers, are arrived this evening from Or¬ leans j by whom we learn, that thirty of the enemy have been killed 3 I° HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1759* killed and taken on that ifland, and that two grenadiers of the Louilbourg divilion were found fcalped in the ikirts of the woods. It is expected the enemy will attempt to furprife us this night; neverthelefs we are landing heavy artillery and {lores with great diligence. 2 d. The brigade alarmed at two o’clock this morning, by fome pop¬ ping fhots in the woods, above South-hill; ftood to their arms until it was broad day-light. We are finilhing our intrenchments, and parties are out cutting and making fafcines. Colonel Carleton is forwarding his works, on the well of Orleans, with great dili¬ gence. At one o’clock were alarmed again by feveral floating bat¬ teries coming down the river; but, feeing our frigates preparing to engage them, they edged over to the north ihore. The 4-fhh le- giment, with the grenadiers and light troops of this brigade, under the command of Colonel Burton, marched up the country, as an efcort to General Wolfe, who went to reconnoitre the town, from the heights to the fouthward of it; the light infantry, who pre¬ ceded their march, were fired upon by fome {haggling peafants, at a diftance ; the General made choice of a piece of ground, about one mile and an half from our camp, whereon to eredt batteries againft Quebec; the garrifon fired feveral guns at the detachment, but their {hot either fell fhort of, or palled over them. In their re¬ turn to camp, by a different route, they found the bodies of four grenadiers, who were killed on the 30th ultimo, and were mod barbaroufly butchered;-the General ordered them to be in- , terred. Major Scott, with tome companies of rangers, marched up the country this morning, as far as the river Chaudie*-e, to try to take a prifoner, and reconnoitre that river, the enemy being fuppofed to have fome veflels there ; they were not able to make any difeove- ries, except fpying a body of Indians on the oppofite fide of that river; and the Major made feveral attempts to crofs over and rout them, but found it impracticable, from the great depth of water HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 31I and rapidity of the current j at the return of the rangers to camp, 1759- the General expreffed a difappointment at not getting a prifoner, ^ uly * for intelligence. The Admiral fent a boat towards the north fhore, and another towards the town, to found ; the garrifon fired at them, as did fome floating batteries under Beauport. Some {hips are arrived from Bofton, with large boats and provifions for the army. I can perceive in the enemy’s camp, at leaft, five coloured coats for one French uniform, whence, it is manifeft, their army confifts chiefly of the militia of the country, and other peafants. We have now got three redoubts in our incampment ; the Briga¬ dier’s tent is is in the center of the largeft, where there are four brafs fix pounders mounted. Our camp forms an half-moon round the Point, and has now affumed a refpeftable appearance; we are ordered to intrench the eaftern flank of it, which is in the rear of the 43d regiment. The Officers were all ferved this day with frefh provifions for the firft time :—the weather is gloomy and cold, and inclining to rain. The 35th regiment, and the detachments now in camp, on the ifland of Orleans, are ordered to be ready to march at a moment’s warning. Working parties went out this morning to make fafcines; they were obliged to quit, about eight o’clock, by a violent {form of rain, which continued, without intermiflion, until night. The grenadiers and light infantry are ordered to be in readineis to march at a moment’s warning ; the feamen are landing mortars and bat¬ tering cannon, with ftores of all kinds. “ORDERS. “ Camp at Orleans, July 3. “ The regiments and corps will receive provifions to-morrow “ to the 8th inclufive : Otway’s, Anffruther’s, three companies “ of grenadiers, rangers, artillery, and carpenters, at fix in the “ morning; Bragg’s, Monckton’s, and Lafcelles’s, at four in the after- 3 12 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1 759. “ afternoon. Three Captains, feven Subalterns, and three hundred J uly ‘ « and fifty men, to parade to-morrow morning at four o’clock in “ the rear of Bragg’s, for the fervice of the Engineers; the gre- “ nadiers are to parade at the fame time.” 4 th. A Captain’s guard mounted to-day on the top of Wood-hill, to the fouthward of our camp, where there is a kind of natural re¬ doubt, to which the rangers have made fome additional breaft- works by the help of flones and felled trees ; this is to be known hereafter by the name of the Great Rock-Guard. The Officers have not yet been able to get their tents on fliore • at piefent they are obliged to lie in thofe of the men. We are landing more artil¬ lery and ftores. The fleet are worked up a little higher, and make a delightful appearance in the river. At noon we had a dreadful thunder-ftorm, fucceeded by violent rain and hail, which lafted near fix hours j the lightning exceeded any thing I ever faw. In the afternoon a boat went up with a flag of truce *, from the Admiral: when flie got within gun-fhot, another was fent from the garrifon to receive her errand, and flie was immediately fent back again. In the evening a French flag came down, and, the Trent hoifting a white jack on her bow, the Officer went on board of her. The enemy appear to be indefatigable at their intrenchments, particu¬ larly at the left of their camp, above the Point de Left *; whence I conjecture that part to be the moft acceffible, and am confirmed in this opinion by an obfervation, viz. when the tide is about half ebb, there are banks and flioals that run out to a great length into the bafon, along the front of their camp, from the center upwards, which are then vifible : but there do not appear any obftrudions immediately off the Point. * The enemy’s jack on the bow of thejboat, and Britifh colours a-ftern ; and, vice verfa, from them to us. + Boats ufually took in ballaft from thence, therefore called Point de Left. “ORDERS. ✓ “ORDERS. “ Camp at the ifland of Orleans* Brigadier-General Townihend's brigade to be ready to em- ** bark at a very Ihort warning ; they mult leave their tents ftand- “ ing, and proper guards to take care of them. The line is never “ to turn out but when exprefily ordered. The quarter, and other “ guards, and out-pofts, to turn out to the Commander in Chief “ only with Ihouldered arms, and but once a day; they are to pay “ the ufual compliments to the Brigadier-Generals. Monthly re- “ turns, to the 24th of June, to be fent in to the Adjutant-Gene- “ ral, as foon as poflible. Magazine and cattle guards as ufual.— “ The objeft of the campaign is to complete the conqueft of “ Canada, and to finifli the war in America. The army under the “ Commander in Chief will enter the colony on the fide of Mon- “ treal, while the fleet and army here attack the Governor-General “ and his forces. Great fufficiency of provifions, and a numerous “ artillery is provided : from the known valour of the troops, the “ nation expedts fuccefs. Thefe battalions have acquired rcputa- “ tion in the laft campaign, and it is not doubted but they will “ be careful to preferve it: from this confidence, the General has “ aflured the Secretary of State in his letters, that, whatever may tx be the event of the campaign, his Majefty, and the country, “ will have reafon to be'fatisfied with the behaviour of the army “ under his command. The General means to carry the bufinefs “ through, with as little lofs as poflible, and with the highefl: re- “ gard to the prefervation of the troops; to that end he experts, “ that the men work chearfully, and without the lead- unfoldier- “ like manner or complaint; and that his few, but necefiary orders “ be ftridtly obeyed : the General propofes to fortify his camp, in “ fuch a manner, as to put it out of the power of the enemy to “ attempt any thing by furprife, and that the troops may refl: in “ fecurity after their fatigues.—As the fafety of the army depends, Vol. I. Sf \ 314 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1759- July. “ in a great meafure, upon the vigilance of the out-guards, any “ Officer, or Non-commiJJioned Officer, who jhall fuff'er himfelf to be “ furprifed by the enemy, muff not expedt to be forgiven. When any “ alarm is given, or the enemy perceived to be in motion, and ** that it may be thought neceffary to put the troops under arms,. tc it is to be done without noife or confufion j the brigades are to' “ be ranged in order of battle, by their Brigadier-Generals, at the “ head of the camp, in readinefs to obey the orders they fhall re- “ ceive., Falfe alarms are hurtful m an army, and dljhonourable to “ thofe that occaffon f hem: the out-pofts are to be fure that the ene- * f my are in motion, before they fend their intelligence. Soldiers « are not to go beyond the out-g\iards; the advanced centries will “ fire at all who attempt to pafs beyond the proper bounds : It ** may be proper to apprife the corps, that the General may per- ** haps think it neceffary to order fome of the light troops to retire “ before the enemy at times, fo as to draw them nearer to the ** army, with a view either to engage them to fight at a difad- “ vantage, or to cut off their retreat. The light infantry of the “ army are to have their bayonets, as the w'ant of ammunition may ** fometimes be fupplied with that weapon: and, becaufe no man “ fhould leave his poll:, under pretence ♦hat all his cartridges arc “ fired, in moff attacks by nigh., it mud b° remembered , that bayonets *' ar e preferable to fre. That the fervice of t^e campaign may fall ** as equally as poffrble upon the whole, the corps wiil do duty for « their real ftrength , no change lhall be made in the firft regula- “ tion, unlefs any particular lofs fhould make it neceffary. All ** cattle, or provisions, taken by any detachment of the army are M to be delivered into the picquet magazine, for the ufe and benefit “ of the whole : Mr. Wire the Commiffary will give receipts for “ them. No churches, houfes, or buildings of any kind, are to be ** burned or deftroyed without orders: the perfons that remain in “ their habitations, their women and children , are to be treated with “ humanity', if any violence is offered to a woman, the offender Jhall 14 be 3*5 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ be punijhed with death. If any perfons are detected robbing the “ tents of the Officers or foldiers, they will be, if condemned, cer- “ tainlv executed. The Commanders of regiments are to be an- “ fvverable, that no rum, or fpirits of any kind, be fold in or “ near the camp. When the foldiers are fatigued with work, or “ wet upon duty, the General will order fuch refrefhment as he “ knows will be of fervice to them, but is determined to allow no “ drunkennefs, nor licentioufnefs, in the army. If any Sutler has “ the prefumotion to bring rum on ffiore, in contempt of the Ge- “ neral’s regulations, fuch Sutler (hall be fent to the Provoft’s in “ irons, and his goods confifcated. The General will make it his ** bufinefs, as far as he is able, to reward fuch as lhall particularly “ dffiingnifh themfelves; and, on the other hand, will puniffi any “ milbehaviour in an exemplary manner. The Brigadiers-General “ are defired to inform themfelves, if the orders and regulations “ are properly made known to the foldiers of their refpe&ive bri- “ gades.” The forty-eighth regiment, and all the grenadiers, rangers, and light infantry, with working parties from the other corps, marched up to the place where our batteries are to be eredted, and broke ground; the 48th are intrenching themfelves on a convenient fpot, at half the affiance, in order to preferve the communication be¬ tween our camp and the batteries. The rangers took poll on all the adjoining hills, which command the roaa to the batteries, and the circumjacent country, for a great extent; dividing themfelves into fmall parties, with breafl-works about them of Rone, timber, &c. the workmen and grenadiers returned to camp in the evening. Great rejoicings* weie obferved in the enemy's camp to-day, which w r e : * Upon inquiry at Quebec, afterwards, into this matter, I was informed that it was nothing more than M. de Montcalm exercifing his army, who, upon the ringing of a bell in the fleeple of Beauport church, ran out of their tents and formed : and, upon a repeti- S f 2 tion 1759 - July. 316 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1759 - we fuppofe to be the refult of policy. A flag of truce was fent up to town, faid to relate to fome female and other captives ; our bomb-(hips are edging over towards the north (hore, where the enemy have a number of floating batteries, to cover fome detached works which they are now erecting upon the beach of the Point de Left, weftward of the cataradh “ORDERS. “ Camp at Orleans. 6 th, “ Serjeant Prentice, of Kennedy’s regiment, is appointed Provoft- “ Marlhal to the army in the river St. Lawrence, and is to be obeyed “ as fuch. Whenever any body of troops marches from this camp, “ no women are to go with them, or follow, till farther orders; “ they will be fabfifted here. No women are to be allowed to futtle “ in camp without proper authority, on pain of being (truck off “ the provifion-roll: all orders relating to the women are to be “ read to them by the Serjeants of their refpedtive companies, that “ they may not plead ignorance.” We now fire an evening gun, from our Barbet-battery; the troops on Orleans do the fame, and the enemy are fo polite as to follow our example. The LeoftofPs cutter was taken to-day, when (he was founding. The enemy feem to vie with us, in putting our re- fpedtive camps in the beft pofture of defence. The 48th regiment have fecured themfelves at their new poft, within an excellent re¬ doubt; and working parties are diligently employed in eredling bat¬ teries againft the town : the eminence, made choice of for this pur- pofe, projects into the river, from fixteen to eighteen hundred yards diftance, which, with Cape Diamond, form the ftraits * of tion of that fignal, pulhcd down with a great (hout to their breaft works next the river, and fired over them ; which was feveral times repeated, in order to (hew them how they nmft defend themfelves when attacked. * We are informed by French writers, that in the old Indian or Algonquin language Kibeit or Quibiis implies a (trait, whence the capital derives its name. Quebec. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Quebec. Mortars, guns, {hells, {hot, and all manner of artillery {lores, are landing at every tide. A briflc cannonading, at fix o’clock this evening, between our frigates and the enemy’s floating batte¬ ries; they continued for an hour and a-half, but no damage was done on either lide: the floats were obliged to put back to the town ; their views were to edge down towards the Point de Left, as if jealous of an attempt being made on that quarter. The light infantry, commanded by Major Dalling, are under orders of readi¬ ngs to march this night. Weather extremely fultry. “ORDERS. “ Camp at Orleans. “ Bragg’s, Lafcelles’s, Monckton’s, the light infantry, and ran- 7th. “ gers, with the three companies of grenadiers, are to hold them- ** felves in readinefs to march to-morrow morning at ten o’clock; ** thefe corps are to receive three days’ provifions immediately, and 44 are to take half their tents with them, when they move from this 44 camp, to the water-flde. Thofe who are not yet provided with 41 four days’ proviflons are immediately to get them. Three hun- 44 dred men to parade to-morrow morning for the Engineers, at 44 four o’clock.” The troops at Point Levi are under orders to march on the {horteft notice; thofe on the ifland of Orleans, it is faid, will re¬ move fuddenly to fome other ground in the neighbourhood of the enemy’s camp, leaving a detachment behind, for the protection of the battery, ftore-houfes, and other works on that ifland. The enemy are making many marches, and countermarches, in that part of their camp neareft to the cataract. Some of our fleet are draw¬ ing over towards the north Ihore. We have now got a park of artillery and ftores adjoining to our camp, and the detachments of that corps are alfo incamped here; the heavieft guns on Ihore are thirty-two pounders, and the largeft mortars are thirteen inches. Soon 3*7 I759- July. 3 i8 historical journal. 1759. Soon after the light infantry marched lafl night, fome firing was ^ uly ‘ heard; it is conjectured they are gone in purfuit of Monfieur Bois Hibert, and his Mic-Macs, with other rabble, from Nova Scotia, who are faid to be fculking in this neighbourhood. The other corps of light infantry are to crofs the river this night to Orleans. A deferter, from the French regulars, furrendered to us this day; it is fufpeCted, by his extravagant intelligence, that he left the French army byconfent, for he was uncommonly communicative; he faid, 4 that General Amherft has been defeated with immenfe lofis, and 4 that the French army on the oppofite fide of the river amount to 4 eighteen thoufand effective men, ten thoufand of whom are of the * belt troops of France;’ with many other inconfiftent circum- ftances. This fellow, to his great mortification, was inftantly fent on board of the Admiral, which will defeat any hopes, that he may have formed, of returning to his army. « O R O E R S. “ Camp at Orleans. 8th. «« As the Ihips that were to cover the landing cannot fall down “ to their proper Rations this day, the troops are not to embark, “ but are to hold themfelves in readinefs.” “ Brigadier-General Townskend’s ORDERS. 44 The brigade of Bragg’s, Lalcelles’s, and Monckton’s, the three “ companies of grenadiers, and the light infantry, are to ftrike in 44 the rear half their ftreets of tents befoie eight o’clock, and be “ ready to march orecifely by eight. “ ORDERS of march for the troops that aie to embark: “ Light infantry - - - - - td* “ Grenadiers of the fir /1 biigade, - -2d. 44 Grenadiers of Louifbourg,- - — 3 ^* 44 Grenadiers of Brigadier Tcwnfhend’s bngade, — 4 1 ' 1 - “ Bragg’s HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ Bragg’s regiment, - — - “ Monckton’s battalion, - - - “ Lafcelles’s regiment, - - - “ All thefe corps are to be told olf in detachments of fixty “ the whole to march to the right by files.” “ Brigadier-General Murray’s ORDERS. “ Otway’s and Anftruther’s to be ready to march at nine o’clock ** this night; a Subaltern and thirty of Otway’s, and a Subaltern “ and twenty men of Anftruther’s, to be left to guard their in- campment. The guard of Otway’s will ftrike the tents of that “ regiment before day-break, and remain out of fight of the ene- “ my they are afterwards to incamp on the right of Anftruther’s ; “ the 58th regiment will leave their tents ltanding. The detach- ** ment under the command of Major Hardy *, are to relieve the ** magazine guard immediately > that detachment is to relieve the “ General’s guard likewife, with a Serjeant and twelve men. The “ out-pofts are to confift of no more than a Subaltern and twenty “ men each ; the furplus arc inftantly to join their regiments.” “ ORDERS of March. ** Otway's and Anftruther’s to march to the right by files ; the ** whole to be told off in divjfions of fixty men each, with Officers ** in proportion, as a boat will contain no more; but, when they “ form on the other fide, they wili draw up in the ufual order of ** battle. As there are fome Indians now lurking on the ifland, 41 no foldier is, thercfoie, to ft role from the incampment of the 44 regiment, on pain ol fevere punifhment.” (After Orders.) 44 It is Brigadier-General Murray’s orders, that Otway’s and “ Anftruther’s ftrike their tents, pack up their baggage, and are * This detachment con^Aed of four companies cf the fa2d regiment, who had been fcnt out with the fleet to ferve as marines, and were landed on die iCuuA of Orleans, where thv'y remained to keep that p&ft. 5 th. 6th. 7th. men; ** under 3 20 historical journal. t( under arms ready to march* by two o clock in the morning , << they are to carry their camp-equipage and four days provifions. “ An Officer, and twenty men of each regiment, are to be left to “ take care of the baggage of each corps; thefe Officers will ap- “ ply to Captain Leflie for a conveyance; in the mean time they « w ui get their baggage lodged within Major Hardy’s Gentries, “ that they may be fecure and ready for embarkation. The out- “ pods are inftantly to be drawn off. Captain Hazen’s rangers are “ likewil'e to march at the fame hour, and to paraae on the right “ of Otway’s. The third part of Anftruther’s and Otway’s to “ parade in the front of the 58th, and to march to the water-fide, it |- 0 draw three howitzers to the Artillery-park, and provifions “ when the Commiffary will direft them; this party will parade « at day-break. The five regiments are each to chufe out five of “ their moft expert fafeine-layers for batteries; theie men are to « parade, at the head of their refpeftive detachments, for work the troo P s muft ex pe - - ■— " - anfwer the end propofed. General HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 329 General Wolfe has been thefe two nights pall at oar batteries, *759- with the grenadiers, light infantry of this brigade, and fome com- & panies of marines, being in expedition of a vifit from the enemy, who, by accounts brought by delerters, have eroded the river for that purpofe, with near two thoufand men*, and were this day feen to return : the General was greatly difappointed at their not putting their menaces in execution, being well prepared to receive them : he had two brafs fix-pounders at the batteries, and two at the great detached redoubt that covers them. A large twenty-gun fhip, bound from Rochelle to Quebec, was taken a few days ago by fome of our frigates otf the illand of Anticofti; the was laden with flour, bifeuit, brandy, wine, and {lores, which were to have been conveyed by the river Saguenney. A fleet of tranfports are arrived from New-York and Bofion, with {lores and provifions of all kinds ; three hundred provincials are alfo arrived to recruit the ranging companies and corps of artificers. By thefe {hips we are in¬ formed, that Monfieur Bois Hibert (who is now in this country) was at Cape Breton when we were there, and that, fince our de- * The following authentic information I received from an intelligent perfon at Quebec: On the 9th inftant Monfieur Charrier, Lord of the manor of Point Levi, (efteemed a good folther and a bold enterprifing man) and Monf. Dumas, the Town Major, croffed the river with fifteen hundred men, compofed of five hundred inhabitants, three hundred Undents, one hundred favages, and fix-hundred militia: that they reconnoitred our redoubts and batteries, and, finding them more defenfible than they expend, they fent over for a rein¬ forcement of three hundred troupes de colonic, which they obtained; that they were to have attacked on the night of the 12th, but, feeing we then opened our batteries a^ainft the town, they deferred their projea until the night following; that they formed their corps »Rto two columns, one of which adually fet forward to ftrike this coup, and were to be uflamed by the other: that they did not proceed above a quarter of a league from their ren ezvous, when, being feared by a noife in a coppice, on their march, they turned back; and the fecond column, feeing them advance towards them fo precipitately, took them for a detachment of our troops, and fired upon them; which the others, under the mi ^ ake ’ and throi, g h the excefs of their panic, returned. Thus their proie<» was defeated with the lofs of feventy killed and wounded; and was never afterwards'renewed or thought of. V °JL* I- U a parture. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. parture, he paid a vifit to the ifland of St. John, and fummoned the Commanding Officer of the fort to furrender, on pain of being put to the fword. To this menace he received the following reply: « Monfieur—you are miftaken—I am not to be terrified by you or « your threats, and, if you have any regard for yourielf, and your ‘ raggamuffins, you and they would do better to carry yourfelves < off, while ye are in whole bones*.’—Upon this fpirited anfwer, the Partifan, and his gens de Bois, retired to the woods, where they lay perdue for feveral days: at length a Serjeant and eighteen men were fent out from the fort, on fome occafion or other, who unfor¬ tunately fell into the ambuffi, and not one of them efcaped the fcalping knife. At ten o’clock this morning there was a brifk can¬ nonading between a fmall battery, on the fide of the hill in the north camp, and the enemy’s floats, in which fome of our ffiips bore a-part j however they could not prevent the enemy s pafling down into the north channel, on the other fide of Orleans. Some detachments of marines were landed to-day, as were likewife our ffiip-mortars: thefe are to be employed at a new battery we are now erecting, on the right of the others. Our artillery are well ferved, and with feeming fuccefs, the lower town being already confider- ably damaged ; the enemy are wafting their ar nnunition to little purpofe. The French lad who was taken, the 9th mftant, by a Lieutenant and party of rangers, is enlarged to-day with prefents for his friends, fome copies of the General's manifefto, and a paff- port. « O R D E R S. « Camp at Montmorency* It is recommended, in the ft'ongefc manner, to the Command- “ ing Officers of corps to take very particular care of the ammn- “ nition when any part of it is rendered unfit for immediate fct- * 1 am credibly informed that Captain Thomas John«Vr.. of the aad regiment, was the Officer who commanded at St John’s. “ vice. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 33* “ all their baggage: when they arrive at the oppolite fide, Captain “ Leflie will provide them with carts for their baggage j the pro- “ vifion-guard is to be immediately augmented to thirty men, with «« an Officer: the Officer Commanding is to fortify his poll with “ all expedition, in the beft manner he can. The troops to re- “ ceive four days’ provifions to-morrow, to the twentieth inclufive; “ light infantry and rangers at five j Louifbourg grenadiers at fix; “ Monckton’s at feven; Bragg’s at eight; Lafcelles’s at nine; Ot- “ way’s at ten ; Anftruther’s, the Artillery, and Lawrence’s grena- diers at eleven : the grenadiers and light infantry are not to re- “ ceive any of the finall fpecies j pork and bread will be delivered “ as an equivalent.” As General Wolfe never had any opportunity of feeing the forty- third regiment, before they rendezvoufed at Louifbourg, he was pleafed to order them to be reviewed this day by Brigadier Monck- ton, and directed, that, in the firings, they fhould expend ammu¬ nition cartridges; the Brigadier was pleafed to fay, * he never faw * greater regularity, clofer fire, arms better levelled, or lels dif- « order in any other regiment, fince he had the honour to be an * Officer, &cc. &c.’ The ground whereon we were reviewed was a field of fine wheat, and, for my own part, I never faw grain clofer cut down . by the reap-hook, or fcithe, than this v/as j the method we were ordered to obferve did not admit of any confufion, though we fired remarkably quid ;; our firings were from right and left, to the center, by platoons * > and afterwards by fubdivifions; taking the * The ift on the right of the battalion, then the 16th; the ad, then the 15th ; the 3d, then the 14th; the 4th, then the 13th; fo on to the centei; and the fubdivifions ViTiC fired in like manner. U U 2 word HISTORICAL JOURNAL. word of command from their refpedtive Officers. The grenadiers made a-half wheel inwards, as is ufual in general firings, by word of command from the front: the performance of the regiment did, indeed, great honour to Lieutenant-Colonel Demetrius James, Ma¬ jor Robert Elliott, and to themfelves •, which, perhaps, might not have been expected by the General, from a corps who had been fo long cantoned in the remote fortreffes of Nova Scotia. After the firings, a Serjeant from another regiment was ordered into the front to fhew our men a new method of pulhing bayonets ; which, as it afforded a good deal of mirth in the field, I ffiall here defcribe, with the greateft regard to truth : * The left hand under the fwell be- * low the lowermoft rammer-pipe, and the right hand a-crofs the * brafs at the extremity of the butt.’—Thus was the firelock fecured, which he poked out before him, in like-manner as an indolent hay-maker turns hay with a forked pole. The Brigadier did not ftay in the field to lee this new performance, having returned to camp after the firings; therefore, by whole orders this method was Ihewed to the regiment for imitation, I never could learn; though I made repeated inquiries, becaufe, I confefs, I thought it ludicrous, and was not a little alhamed of it. We are now throwing up a traverfe on the upper road behind the great water-mill, whence there is a parapet work extended on the top of the rocky hill commanding the Point, as far as the Par- fonage-houfe, to the fouth-weft of the church: the face of this hill is alfo cleared of all trees and under-wood: fo that the defences of our camp are now almoft completed. At one end of the para¬ pet work, a guard of thirty men mounts every day, commanded by the oldeft Subaltern on the parade; this is called the Rock-guard: at the other extremity above the church, is a Captain’s guard, dif- tinguilhed by the Great Rock-guard j at night there is a party of rangers in the traverfe, behind the warer-mill, and anotne r guard of a Subaltern and twenty mount on the top of a high circular nock, which is only acceffible at one particular part, and commands HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 333 an extenfive profpedt up and down this pod, which is called the * 750 * Little Rock-guard, is fituate at the river-fide, wedward of our bar- bet battery above the Point. There was a warm cannonading late lad night a-crofs the Fall, which was brilkly renewed this morning on both fides. The troops in the north camp have had their am¬ munition damaged by the late heavy rains: one hundred thoufand cartridges are making up for them with all fpeed. Our batteries play leifurely on the town, and at times we fend a few carcafles into it; the enemy feem fparing of their {hot and {hells. “ORDERS. “ Camp at Montmorency. “ The provifions mud: be removed from their prefent incon- *6thi, “ venient didance to a fpot under the little redoubt, which the “ Aflidant Quarter-Mader General will pitch upon. The fix com- “ panies of the grenadiers of the line to be at the water-fide to “ night at nine o’clock, with all their baggage j Captain Leflie “ will attend them to the oppofite fhore, and provide them with “ carts.” Ninety-fix {hells, and feven carcalTes, have been thrown into the town thefe lad twenty-four hours. The bearer of the lad flag of truce from the enemy told General Wolfe ‘ We do not doubt but * you will demolifli the town ; but we are determined your army *{hall never get footing within its walls.’ To which the General replied:—< I will be mader of Quebec, if I day here until the * latter e nd of November next.’ At eleven o’clock a fire broke out in a large building * in the upper town, and burned with great fury, by the wind’s blowing frefii at north-wed; the enemy feemed * The great cathedral church of Quebec, with all its paintings, images, and orna¬ ments, weic intirely deftroyed by this conflagration, occasioned by our {hells, &c.. thereby HISTORICAL JOURNAL. thereby much incenfed, and cannonaded our batteries very vigoroufly for the fpace of two hours ; our batteries in the north camp played brilkly into the enemy’s camp at the fame time, without any re¬ turn. A party of Canadians and Indians (hewed themfelves on the high ground to the ealtward of our camp j the rangers, fupported by the picquets, foon went in purfuit of, and difperfed them. The enemy’s fire flackened towards evening, and the building, which was in flames, feems to be either confirmed or extinguiflred. “ORDERS. “ Camp at Montmorency. 17th. “ Otway’s regiment, the grenadiers of the line, the Louifbourg “ grenadiers, and the corps of light infantry under Colonel Howe, “ are to do no duty this day after twelve o’clock •, they are all to “ parade in the front of the thirty-fifth regiment, at four o’clock “ this afternoon. Colonel Howe v/ill leave a detachment of fifty “ men in his camp, and poll the picquet of Monckton’s, now on the “ right, in fuch manner as he thinks bell for the farther fecurity of “ it. The detachments ordered to cut fafcines are to have cfcorts “ of light infantry} notice muft be fent to Colonel Howe in time, that a body of men are to be employed ofi that fervice at a par- “ ticular hour, and the working party is not to go into the wood, “ until the light infantry is polled. The General has ordered two “ Jheep and fame rum to Captain Cofnans company of grenadiers (forty- ** fifth regiment) for the fpirit they jhewed this morning in puffing “ thofe fcoundr els of Indians: it is, however, recommended to the “ Officers to purfue thofe people with caution, lef they foul a be drawn “ too far into the woods , and fall into an umbufeade." The town and and our batteries werC very quiet laft night; the enemy were endeavouring to finilh a battery on the well fide of the Fall} but General Wolfe gave them fuch heavy fire from his can¬ non $34 I7S9- July. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 33S • non and howitzers as obliged them todefift*. Major Dalling’s J 759- light infantry are ordered to remove to the hills, between our camp and the batteries, to leave room for the marines to occupy their former ground. Notwithstanding the excefiive hot fire on our bat¬ teries and redoubts yefterday from the town, there was no damage fuftained on our part, either to the works, or the troops employed there. The favages are very troublefome in the neighbourhood of the north camp, which obliges the troops to be very alert: the General frequently fends out large detachments to fcour the envi¬ rons of his camp, and to endeavour to draw part of the French army out of their trenches, by often countermarching in the Skirts of the woods in their view, as if intending to crofs the river of Montmorency, and attack them; four grenadiers were fcalped there laft night. Two of our floating Stages were fent over to-day to Orleans for trial; they will each contain near three hundred men, and are fupported on the water by a parcel of iron-bound pipes, or calks, faftened together with fmall cables; they are exadtly fquare, with a hand-rail to three faces; and the fourth face is cover¬ ed by a kind of mantlet, or wooden fence, muSket-proof; which, upon the floats being towed towards the Shore, lets down, and forms a Stage for the the troops to difembark on. I confefs I think they are unwieldy, and not likely to anfwer the intended purpofes, as they cannot be otherwife worked (espe¬ cially on this rapid river) than by boats taking them in tow. Slack firing between the town and our batteries to-day; another mortar and fome cannon were brought up there this afternoon: weather Showery, though warm. * I was informed by a French regular Officer at Quebec, that it was not a battery, but an epaulement, they were eredting to cover the left flank of their camp; that M. de Levis often folicited M. Montcalm to erect batteries and dillodge Mr. Wolfe, and his troops, from the Fall; but the other refufed—faying, ‘ Drive them thence, and they will * g* ve us more trouble; while they are there, they cannot hurt us; let them amufe them- ‘ themfelves.’ “ORDERS- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 33 6 ju!v 9 ' “ORDERS. « Camp at Montmorency. 18th. ** The ufual manner of placing centries in a wood gives the “ enemy frequent opportunities at their polls; it is therefore order- “ ed, that, when a covering party is to take poll in a wood, it will «< be divided into fquads, of at lead eight men in each, and placed ** within convenient diftance of each other, fo as to be able to com- “ municate $ half of thefe fquads are always to have their arms « ready, which will not be veiy fatiguing, fince they are relieved « in the fame manner the working parties are, when the ftrength ** c f t he covering party will admit of it: there fhould be a referve ** behind the center, and the parties upon each extremity fhould ** be double in numbers to the reft. All the out-pofts are to place « double centries in the night, and they are to be fo near the guard, « that they can retire to it, if attacked. The regiments of Bragg, “ Lalcelles, and Anftruther, are to be under arms this evening at « five o’clock, on the ground in the front of Otway’s; they are to tf receive their orders from Brigadier Townfhend. Some molalfes, « and a jill of rum, per man, will be delivered to the troops this “ day.” Many new projcSls are talked of-, but , I believe, from 710 other mo¬ tive than to atnufe the enemy , in order that falfe intelligence may be circulated throughout their camps, foould any of our foldiers defert: a practice common in all armies; aid the reader tn the courfe of this work will find many fir at age ms and reports re¬ cited, which were never intended to be put in execution: and, therefore, are not to be looked upon as inventions of the Author of this 'journal . The garrifon has not tired at our batteries fince three o’clock in the afternoon yefterday: they began this day at noon, and con¬ tinued HISTORICAL JOURNAL. n7 tinued cannonading and bombarding inceffantly until fun-fet, *759- without any lofs or accident whatfoever : General Wolfe was there ^ uly ’ for fome time ; no man can difplay greater activity than he does, between the different camps of his army. A deferter come over from the enemy, who fays M. Montcalm has received a packet from Montreal, by exprefs, within thefe three days, and that the con¬ tents are kept very fecret ; by which it is conjectured, that affairs do not anfwer M. Bourlemacque’s wifhes upon the frontiers. (This is the Officer who commands the army oppofed to General Am- herft at Ticonderoga.)—The deferter adds, that our batteries are to be attacked to-night by fifteen hundred chofen men ; that the ene¬ my intended it fome nights ago, but their hearts failed them. An Indian was faid to be taken on this fide the river to-day by fome of our out-parties: I am told he was quite naked, painted red and blue, with bunches of painted feathers fattened to his head. Some foldiers who deferted yefterday, from our troops in the north camp, fell into the hands of the favages, and were fince difeovered, in the woods, killed and fealped. Between ten and eleven o’clock this night, failed with a fair wind, and with tide of flood, the' Sutherland, Captain Roufe, with the Squirrel, three cats, and two trading floops with provifions, and paffed the town ; the Diana fri¬ gate was to have accompanied them, but fhe ran a-ground under the Little Rock-Guard, and ftuck fo fall, that (he could not be got off. The enemy did not fire above twenty-eight guns all lafl night, which makes us conjecture, that the failing of thefe (hips into the upper river was a great furprife to them; General Wolfe, who was then at our batteries, gave the town a mod inceflant fire, while this fmall fleet were paffing. The perfon who was taken to-day, naked and painted, was not an Indian, but a Canadian in difguife; a practice not uncommon among the natives of this country, when detached on any enterprife wich the favages. We are informed there are no other troops in the city of Quebec, than the guards, amounting to about three hundred men. • VoL. I. X X “ORDERS. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 33 8 i75 9- July. “ORDERS. „ “ Camp at Montmorency. 19th. “ The regiments and corps to be drawn out this evening at five “ o’clock, at their alarm-pofts, that every perfon may know where “ he is to be ported, in cafe of an alarm. The regiments of the “ front line are to march up to the parapet in their front; Captain “ Capel, with the two companies in the port upon the right, are “ to be drawn up in that port: Anftruther’s regiment, ordered to “ fupport Colonel Howe’s corps, is to be drawn up, one half to “ the right of it, one half towards the left; and to drefs even with “ the rear of the light infantry; Otway’s regiment to port one com- “ pany in each of the two lower batteries, and forty men at the in- “ trenched White-Houfe ; Colonel Fletcher, with the remainder “ of that regiment, are to march up the hill and drefs in a line,. “ with his left to the redoubt, and his right to the intrenchment; “ Lafcelles’s regiment to form, with its left to Brigadier Town- “ fhend’s quarters, and his right to the houfe occupied by Captain “ Capel.—Before the regiments of the front line march to their “ alarm-pofts, they are to ftrike their tents, and leave them flat, “ that the troops may be able to manoeuvre with as little difficulty “ as poffible. The Louifbourg grenadiers are to be in and about “ the large redoubt. The troops in the redoubts, and fortified “ ports, are to have feventy rounds of ammunition, which they “ muft put in the fofteft place they can. Soldiers are not to be “ permitted to fwim in the heat of the day, but only in the morn- “ ings and evenings. Upon firing two cannon-fhot (very quiet) “ from the right of Bragg’s, the whole line are to repair forthwith ' “ to their alarm-pofts.” The enemy ereded a gibbet on the grand battery above the lower town, and hanged two certinels, we fuppofe, for not being more alert on their ports, and neglecting to apprife them of the firrt appear- HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 339 appearance of our flfips advancing, to pafs the garrifon, into the upper river. Captain Roufe has taken fome of the enemy’s finall craft, fet fire to them, and fent them down : there are on board the Suther¬ land, and the other fhips above, the grenadiers of the 15th, 48th, and 78th regiments, together with a battalion of Royal Americans; this detachment is under the command of Colonel Carleton, and his object, it is faid, is to deftroy a large magazine of provifions, which the enemy are reported to have at Point de Tremble, to procure intelligence, and to endeavour to divide the enemy’s force and attention from this quarter : the grenadiers of the 43d regi¬ ment were deftined for this fervice; but, being on board of the Diana, they were ordered to difembark to-day. A Serjeant has deferted from the enemy, who fays, ‘ he is of opinion General Amherft will * meet with little oppofition at Carillon (or Crown-Point) to ‘ which he is advancing very fuccefsfully; that the Canadians begin * to be diffatisfied and tired of the liege; that, in confequence of * General Wolfe’s manifelto's, they would gladly quit the army, * return to their refpedtive habitations, and remain neuter; but, « when there is the leaft murmur or difcontent among them, M. * Montcalm and the Governor General threaten them with the * favagcs ’—This man adds, that the moll: refpedtable inhabitants of Quebec are retired, with all their portable effects, to Point de Tremble. The enemy’s floating batteries had the prefumption to come and attack the Diana frigate, but were loon beat off by two field-pieces, which Brigadier Monckton lent down with all difpatch to that part of the fhore for that purpofe. There was a lrnart can¬ nonading, this afternoon, between a battery on the fide of the hill in the north camp, the battery on the Point of Orleans, and fome of the enemy’s floats : one of the latter was blown up, had five men killed, and two blafted, who with difficulty crept to the fhore; another float was alfo drove a-lhore, not, however, until Ihe had one man killed, and had no other way at that time to re- X x 2 tire. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. tire, the tide being too far fpent. Our new batteries are in great forwardnefs, and will foon be ready to open. The command at Orleans have been reinforced by fome of the provincials, who lately arrived from New-England. “ORDERS. “ Camp at Montmorency. “ The guards near the water-fide to take up any foldier that “ may be feen fwimming, between the hours of nine in the morn- “ and five in the afternoon ; this order to be immediately read to “ the men. Two hundred and fifty men to parade this evening at “ five o’clock at the Artillery-ground; they will receive their orders “ from Major M‘Kellar. When Major M‘Kellar has eftablifhed “ the polls in the front of the quarter-guards, an Officer and eigh- “ teen men of each guard are to advance to the poll alfigned them, “ leaving the remainder of his guard in its prefent poll, which “ will be reinforced, if neceflary.” A deferter from the enemy fwam a-crofs the river this day; he fays he heard it often talked of in camp, that there is a great mif- underftanding between Monfieur Vaudreuil, the Governor-Gene¬ ral, and Monfieur de Montcalm j that the troops in garrifon do not amount to four hundred, and thofe in the field confift of four in¬ complete regiments of regulars, two regiments of colony troops, and about eleven thoufand militia and favages. He adds, that it is a heinous crime among them to talk of the army on the fide of Ca¬ rillon ; —but, however, he did learn, by the means of a comrade, who is an Officer’s valet, that General Amherfl’s army advances with hafty flrides upon their frontiers, but that what difconcerts the enemy mod: is for the fate of Niagara, where, it is privately report¬ ed, we have cut out fome work for them. This man further fays, that one of our foldiers, who lately deferted from the north camp, acquainted M. Montcalm, that our army does not exceed eight thoufand n V‘~Zr« HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 341 thoufand effective men. Captain Roufe has fent down a parcel of 1 759 ‘ fhallops ; after fetting fire to them, our feamen grappled and towed them a-fhore. It is confidently faid, that a body of chofen men from the French army, amounting to feventeen hundred, have eroded the river, and are at a fmall diitance in the woods, to the well ward of our batteries. (Twelve o’clock.) Orders are given out to the troops on this fide to be ready to march this evening; our tents are to remain Handing ; every man is to take two days’ provifions, a blanket, thirty-fix rounds of am¬ munition, and two fpare flints •, eleven hundred feamen and three hundred marines are under the like orders. The conjectures on this head are various ; fome are of opinion, we are intended to ftorm the town this night ; others, that we are to endeavour to cut oil the coips of feventeen hundred men, which the enemy are laid to have detached to our fide of the river j while others look upon thefe fudden orders and reports as the effects of policy. (Three o’clock.) The foregoing orders are countermanded. The light infantry, who have been on a fcout, are returned this day ; they brought in fome cattle and plunder, alfo a man and boy, whom they furprifed this morning, as they were filhing : the for¬ mer difeharged his piece before he would furrender, whereby we had one man killed ; we had near an hour’s converfation with this fellow, at Nadau’s great water-mill, who feemed to be a fubtle old rogue, of feventy years of age (as he told us) and I think was a prodigy, for his advanced time of life : he boafled a good deal to us, and faid the French army were thirty thoufand flrong, and the half of them were regulars •, we plied him well with Port wine, and then his heart was more open, and, feeing that we laughed at his exaggerated accounts, he faid, ‘ he wifhed the affair was well * over, one way or the other; that his countrymen were all dif- ‘ contented, and would either furrender, or difperfe and aCt a neu- * tral 342 % 1759 - July. 21 ft. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. * tral part, if it was not for the perfuafions of their Prielts, and * the fear of being mal-treated by the favages, with whom they * are threatened on all occafions.’—The Diana frigate has got off with little or no damage j flack firing at our batteries to-day, the enemy filent. “ORDERS. “ which the Commanding Officers will order to be diftributed to “ the men, in fuch manner as they ffiall judge proper. As it “ is impoffible, at prefent, to remove to better ground, great “ care is to be taken to air the tents, and dry the ftraw and “ ground. The light infantry to be ready to march at a moment’s “ warning.” Our batteries, eaftward of the fall, kept a warm fire lafl night, for fever-4 hours, on the enemy’s camp ; after which fome of the heavieft guns were difmounted, drawn down to the beach, em¬ barked, and ferried over here ; three ten-inch mortars and fix how¬ itzers were drawn up this day to Burton’s Redoubt. Some of the light infantry, who have been on a fcout, have brought in feveral black cattle, a flock of {Keep, and a few pigs. We have received advice, that the detachment, under Colonel Carleton, failed fome leagues up the river, landed on the north fide, and made a num¬ ber of prifoners, among whom there are few perfons of fafhion. The Colonel went in fearch of magazines, but was not fo fuccefs- ful as could have been wiffied ; he met with fome oppofition at landing from a body of Indians, yet fuftained no other lofs than having a few men and Officers wounded, among whom was Major Prevoft, of the Royal Americans; the foldiers acquired fome plunder, though very infignificant. By the fame advices, the enemy {hewed the like jealoufy and attention every-where, as below the town, fortifying the moil acceffible parts of the north fhore, for many leagues upwards: by letters that fell into our hands, the inhabitants defcribe their fituation as completely wretched, and lament much our {hips riding above the town, as thereby 344 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. * 759 - thereby they conclude they have loft their communication with Montreal and the upper country: one of thefe epiftles from a Prieft at Quebec, to another of his fraternity in the country, has fallen into my hands, of which the following is an extract: ‘ The Englilh are too cunning for us, and who could have fuf- ‘ peCted it ? Part of their fleet paffed all our batteries, and are now * riding in fafety above the citadel: they have made this town fo ‘ hot, that there is but one place left, where we can with fafety * pay adoration to our moft gracious, but now wrathful and dif- * pleafed, God, who we much fear has forfaken us.' A flag of truce was fent up to the town to-day, relative to the exchange of prifoners. The weather cleared up this evening after a very rainy forenoon. At night-fall our new batteries were opened againft the town, which produced a furious cannonading on both fides, with fome fiiells and carcaffes from us. “ORDERS. 23 J > “ Lafcelles’s regiment to take the poft lately occupied by An- “ ftruther’s. The Commanding Officers of corps to give directions “ that the Butchers, and others, who kill meat, alwavs bury the “ offals. Anftruther’s regiment is always to furniffi any working “ party, upon application made, with fuch a number of men as “ may be neceffary to cover them. The troops to receive frefli “ provifions to-morrow, to the 28th inclufive; Otway’s at five; “ Lafcelles’s at feven ; Bragg’s at half after eight; Monckton’s at “ ten; Anftruther’s and rangers at half paft eleven; artillery at “ one. Otway’s regiment to hold themfelves in readinefs to march, “ with three days’ provifton, three or four miles up the river of “ Montmorency, to effort Brigadier-General Murray, who has “ orders to reconnoitre that river, and the country bordering upon “ it; they are to take their blankets, and two jills of rum per man ** will be delivered to them, which muft be made into grog.” Between HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 345 Between ten and eleven o’clock laft night part of the Lower Town i75<»- took fire, and burnt with great rapidity until nine this morning. The ^ u,y ' Leoftoffe’s barge, which fell into the enemy’s hands as fhe was found¬ ing, is retaken by Captain Gofeham’s rangers. Colonel Frafer, with five hundred Highlanders, are under orders of readinefs to march at a moment’s warning : they are to take four days’ provifions with them. Two (hips of war weighed at three o’clock this morning, in order to pafs into the upper river •, but, the wind coming right a-head, and blowing frefh, at the fame time the tide of flood being almoft fpent, they were obliged to fall down again, and come to an anchor: in their attempt, the enemy expended many rounds of ammunition to very little purpofe. “ORDERS. “ Camp at Montmorency. “ — As frefh ftraw cannot conveniently be got for the troops, it 24tb. “ is recommended to the Commanding Officers to direct the cutting “ of fpruce boughs for that purpofe. Provifion guard is to be aug- “ mented to fixteen at night, and remain fo until morning; at which “ time the number added may return to camp. The GeneralJlriclly “ forbids the inhuman practice of fcalping , except when the enemy are In - “ dians , or Canadians drejjed like Indians'.' The Officer, who carried the laft flag of truce to the town, was ufed with great rigour, not being allowed even the benefit of light, though in a houfe. It is faid, that General Wolfe is much dilpleafed at fuch ungenteel treatment, and has declared he will reprefent his disappro¬ bation of this uncivilised behaviour, by letter to Monf. Montcalm, when next he may have occafion to fend to him. Cdlonel Carleton has fent down three French gentlemen prifoners, who were immedi¬ ately tranfmitted on board of the Admiral: that detachment ftill re¬ mains on board the Squadron in the upper river. We have maintain¬ ed an almoft inceflant fire of fhot and fliell againft the town thefe laft fourteen hours, which Set part of it in flames; the enemy very /paring Vol. I. Y y of 346 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. i?S9* of their ammunition. A flag of truce came down at ten o’clock this morning, and was detained until fix. in the evening. Our wea¬ ther is extremely wet and unfavourable. Our out-parties are ordered to bum and lay wajle the country for the future , Jparing only churches, or houfes dedicated to divine worjhip : it is again repeated, that women and children are not to be molejled on any account whatfoever. 25th. We played fo warmly on the town laft night, that a fire broke out in two different parts of it at eleven o’clock, which burnt with great rapidity until near three this morning: the enemy remained perfedly quiet during that time, and ftill continue fo. We are creating a new fix-gun battery to the right of the others, to keep the lower town in ruin, which appears to be almoft deftroyed The three companies of grenadiers, belonging to the firft brigade that compofed part of Co¬ lonel Carleton’s detachment, came down the river laft night in boats tindifcovered. Colonel Frafer’s detachment is marched. A deferter informs us, that Monf. Montcalm was heard to tell the Governor- General— Ton have fold your country , — but , while I live , I will not de¬ liver it up. Major Dalling’s light infantry brought in this afternoon, to our camp, two hundred and fifty male and female prifoners: among this number was a very refpedable-looking Prieft, and about forty men fit to bear arms: there was almofl: an equal number of black cattle, with about feventy fheep and lambs, and a few horfes. Bri¬ gadier Monckton entertained the Reverend Father and fome other lafhionable perfonages in his tent, and moft humanely ordered re- frefhments to all the reft of the captives: which noble example was followed by the foldiery, who generoufly crowded about thofe un¬ happy people, fharing their provifions, rum, and tobacco, with them: they were fent in the evening on board of tranfports in the river. While they were on fhore, I had an opportunity of converfing with fome of the moft intelligent of them, who allured me, that Mr. Wolfe’s placart had fuch effetft upon the people in general, that they would adtually have conformed to his defire and commands, therein propofed and promifed to the Canadians, if it had not been for the ar¬ bitrary HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 347 bitrary menaces of Monf. Montcalm, who threatened them with the 1759- faVages ; that, after the firft furprife was over, upon their being made ^ u1 '’ prifoners,’ they were overjoyed to fee themfelves in the hands of the Englifh; for that they had been under apprehenfions, for feveral day$ paft, of having a body of four hundred barbarians fent among them to rifle their parifli and habitations. All the letters? that have been intercepted, as well as their own perfonal accounts, agree in the lcar- city of bread throughout the province. I faw one of thefe letters that had been wrote by a perfon in Quebec to his friend in the cotin- try : and was to this effect:- * I herewith fend you fourteen * bifcuits, which are all that I can fpare, and, in our prefent diflrefs- ‘ fill and moft deplorable fituation, are no fmall compliment,’ See. --This day two hundred marines were detached to the north camp, to do duty with the troops there. The Town-Major of Que¬ bec, who came down with the lafl: flag of truce, took upon him to refled: on our conduit in making fo many captives among the old men, women, and children of the country ; and on our politenefs in returning them, becaufe we did not know how elfe to difpofe of them. Sec. Sec. Whereupon he Was dclired to inform his Superiors — that, fince they were pleafed to view our lenity and generous behaviour in that unfavourable light, we had (flips and proviflons enough to ac¬ commodate all prifoners that we may happen to make hereafter, and for the future we fliould not trouble them with any more of them. This gentleman intimated, that they were now employed in eredting traverfes and other works in all parts of the Upper and Lower Town, thereby inlinuating, that they would Rand' the confequences of a ftomi, rather than forfeit their capital. Admiral Hoknes marched up to Goreham’s pofl: laft night, efcorted 2 6th, by Major Dalling’s corps of light infantry; from thence he proceeded this morning, in a barge, on board of the Sutherland, in order to take the command of the fleet in the Upper river. We threw one hundred and fifty (hells and carcafles into the town thefe lafl: eighteen hours, befides difeharging a great number of (hot : the enemy re- Y y 2 turned \ ■ 34$ HISTORICAL JOURNAL. IJ 59 - turned only two (hells and a few (hot in that fpace of time. Our weather (howery, and, in general, has been very wet lince we came up the river. The enemy are eredting fome works on the left of their camp, but our batteries eaftward of the fall fired fo brifkly on them to-day, that they were obliged to defift : General Wolfe was at the fame time reconnoitring to the northward of his camp, and his efcort was attacked ; whereupon a fmart (kirmifh enfued, in which we had about fifty killed and wounded, and, by the numbers the enemy carried off, (who were moftly Indians) it is conjectured their lofs may be almoft double : we took eleven fcalps. This morning a Sur¬ geon’s Mate, efcorted by a Corporal and fix men, who were going to join one of the corps of light infantry, were way-laid a few miles to the weft ward of our batteries by twenty of the enemy. The Mate and two men were killed on the fpot; two others were (lightly wound¬ ed, and made prifoners *. The Corporal and the remaining two made their efcape to the batteries: a large detachment was inftantly fent out to fcour the country, but could not come up with the enemy, who had retired with fo much precipitation, that they neither ftaid to carry off one of their own men who was alfo killed, or to fcalp the Mate and the two foldiers; for our people found them all four, and buried them. A flag of truce came from the town this after¬ noon, but on what account has not yet tranfpired. Our batteries have fired almoft inceffantly this day on the town, which the enemy brifkly returned for fome hours : a marine was wounded in the foot by a fplinter of a (hell. 27th. The wind has continued fo long at W. and W. N. W. that our (hips cannot pafs the town to reinforce Admiral Holmes; fome of them wait for the firft favourable opportunity. Colonel Frafer’s detachment returned this morning, and prefented us with more fcenes of diftrefs, and the difmal confequences of war, by a great number * Thefe two men belonged to the 15th and 43d regiments : they were releafed upon the furrender of Quebec, had been treated with great humanity, and were well recovered ©f their wounds. of HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 34g of wretched families, whom they brought in prifoners, with fome 1 759- of their effects, and near three hundred black cattle, ffieep, hogs, and horles. Though thefe afts of hojiility may be 'warrantable by the law of na¬ tions and rules of war , yet, as humanity is far from being incom¬ patible with the char after of a foldier, any man , who is pojfejfed of the leaf fare of it, cannot help fympathifng with, and being fincerely aff'efted at, the miferies of his fellow-creatures, though even his enemies; making every charitable allowance for their re¬ peated barbarities , as the natural refult of ignorance and preju¬ dice of education. The Highlanders furprifed a fmall advanced party of the enemy, with whom they had a Ikirmiffi, wherein the Colonel and one of his Captains were wounded, which was the only accident that hap¬ pened to his detachment: the enemy had nine killed and feveral wounded. The troops on this fide were ferved with freffi provi- fions to-day. We have bombarded the town very brilkly thefe laft twenty-four hours. This night a verbal order was fent to each re¬ giment to have an expert Officer, Serjeant, and twenty-five chofen men in readinels, at a moment’s warning, for a very particular ler- vice j as the eldeft Lieutenant of the 43d regiment was Adjutant, — this duty fell to my lot. “ORDERS. u Camp at Montmorency. “ The troops are to be ready to turn out, this evening, at five jS.h. “ o’clock, and take their polls as ffiall be dire&ed. When recovered “ men join their regiments, they are to be kept off duty for a week “ or ten days, as the Surgeon of the regiment ffiall judge belli the “ troops to receive provifions to-morrow to the firft of Augull inclu- “ five, &c. Brigadier Townffiend orders the troops to draw up “ immediately, and then ground their arms at the head of their re-^ “ fpedtive incampments, and wait for farther orders.” We 35 © HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 1759 - We opened a new fix-gun battery laft night, which, with the others to the left of it, kept a moil tremendous fire on the town, and is ftill continued. The eight battalion companies of the 43d regiment were drawn up in the ftreets of their camp this morning; and I made choice of the Serjeant, and twenty-five rank and file, for particular fervice, purfuant to the verbal order of laft night to the refpedtive regiments for that purpofe, who were immediately commanded to be in readinefs at a moment’s warning. The bearer of the laft flag of truce from the town was pleafed to fay, he did not imagine the Englijh were fuchfools as to come here with fo fmall an army,—a handful of troops , &c. &c. To which he was anfwered,— though few the Englijh are, and yet fubdivided, your army , notwith- ftanding their fuperior numbers , are afraid of us, which is confpicuous from your not daring to leave your flrGng intrenchments to attack any of our camps or batteries. Late laft night the enemy fent down a moft formidable fire-raft, which confifted of a parcel of fchooners, Ihallops, and ftages, chained together ; it could not be lefs than an hundred fathoms in length, and was covered with grenades, old fwivels, gun and piftol barrels loaded up to their muzzles, and va¬ rious other inventions and combuftible matters. This feemed to be their derniere attempt againft our fleet, which happily milcarried' as before ; for our gallant feamen, with their ufual expertnefs, grap¬ pled them before they got down above a third part of the baton, tow’ed them fafe to lhore, and left them at anchor, continually re¬ peating— All's well. A remarkable expreflion from fome of thefe in¬ trepid fouls to their comrades on this occafion I muft net omit, on account of its Angular uncouthnefs, viz. Dam-me , Jack, did'Jl thee ever take hell in tow before ? —-—The wind is at length fair for thips to pafsr the town. A flag of truce was fent up this day to the garrifon, and it is confidently faid to convey the following meftage to the French Generals : * If the enemy prefume to fend down any * more fire-rafts, they are to be made faft to two particular tranf- * ports, in which are all the Canadian and other prilbners, in order ‘ that HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 35 i * that they may perifh by their own bale inventionsf and it is 1759- pretended, that the Matters of thefe tranfports have received their ^ uly ’ orders accordingly. This, however, is only looked upon as a me¬ nace, that, in cafe any of our men ttiould fall into the enemy’s hands, by defertion or otherwife, they may be able to confirm thefe political threats. A verbal order was fent to the refpedtive regi¬ ments, directing that the chofen parties, who are under orders of readinefs for particular fervice, {hall continue fo, but are neverthe- lefs to do camp duty. The Centurion has changed her ftation, and edged over to the north fide, as near as {he can with fafety, to annoy a battery and advanced redoubt, which the enemy have oppofed to the ford below the fall: feveral {hells were thrown at her, to make her remove to her former dittance; but the Admiral brought her ta an anchor, and remained there. “ORDERS. ct Camp at Montmorency. *' The regiments are to be under arms, at five o’clock this after- 29th. “ noon, at the head of their incampments, and to wait there till “ fent for to their refpe&ive alarm-potts. The reft of the light in- “ fantry will return this night, from the ifland of Orleans, to this “ camp. Colonel Howe will take his former poft. Anftruther’s, “ Otway’s, and Lafcelles’s will incamp on their proper ground. Great care to be taken by the regiments within their refpedtive “ incampments, and in their neighbourhood, that all offals and filth of every kind, that might taint the air, be buried deep under “ ground. The General recommends, in the ftrongeft manner, to “ the Commanders of corps, to have their camps kept fweet and “ clean ; ftridt inquiry to be made in this camp, at the Point of Or- “ leans, and the Point of Levi, concerning the futtlers and followers “ of the army, and who are known to fell liquors that intoxicate “ the men, that they may be forthwith difmifled, and fent on board * c their {hips. The regiments are not to call in their working par- **■ ties 352 * 759 * July. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. ties this evening, as they mud exert themfelves to finiflh the bu- “ finefs of this poft, that farther operations may take place. Two “ hundred men of the Royal American battalion, with their blan- “ kets, and two days’ provifions ready dreflfed, to be in r&dinefs “ below at the Cove, by eight in the morning, to imbark in four “ flat-bottomed boats; this detachment is intended to reinforce the “ companies of grenadiers, if there ftiould be occafion; thefe boats “ are to row up with the flood (but out of cannon-ftiot) till they “ come opposite the upper redoubt, where they mult lie upon their “ oars, and wait for farther orders. Anftruther’s regiment, the light “ infantry, and rangers, are to march, at nine o’clock, under Co- “ lonel Howe’s command, about a mile into the woods, towards the “ ford where the Canadians and Indians are incamped; this body “ mull fliift, juft within the wood, from the camp of the light in- “ fantry to the road, but fo, as barely to be feen, from the oppo- “ flte fide'of the river, by the enemy. As Major Hufley’s corps “ have been up moft part of the night, they are to be left to guard “ the camp of the light infantry; Colonel Howe will lengthen his “ line of march, fo as to appear numerous. The remaining batta- “ lions will get under arms, when the water begins to ebb, in rea- “ dinefs to crofs the ford, if there ftiould be an abfolute neceflity “ for fo doing ; in the mean time they will continue their work “ with all pofiible diligence and afliduity. If fiiips can be brought “ near enough to operate, and the wind is fair, an attack will “ be made on one of the enemy’s moft detached works; in aid cf “ which attack, the artillery from hence muft be employed. Bri- “ gadier-General Townlhend will be pleafed to give fuch diredions, “ as he thinks moft for the fervice, upon this head. In general, “ the cannon are not to be fired, nor even brought up to fire, till “ it is vifible, by the motions of the fliips, that the attack will be 759 * July. Our batteries fire, almoft inceflantly, on the town, both day and night j the wind is ftill favourable for (hips to pafs into the upper river, though little of it. An expedition of great confequence is talked of, for which the chofen detachments from the feveral regi¬ ments are faid to be referved. The grenadiers of this brigade embarked laft night, and pro- 30th. ceeded to the weft Point of Orleans. At nine o’clock this morn¬ ing the regiments at Point Levi were ordered to hold themfelves in readinefs to march at a moment’s warning; a fignal was made for all Mafters of tranfports to repair on board of their Agent: in confe- quence whereof it is faid, that all the tranfports’ boats are to be man¬ ned, in order to make a feint, and thereby divide the enemy’s at¬ tention, while the army are to endeavour to penetrate into the French camp, between Beauport and the Fall. Every feaman is to be armed with a mufket, cartouch-box, piftol, and cutlafs. Very hot work at our batteries to-day, and about two o’clock the enemy gave them a round from every gun they could bring to bear upon them, after be¬ ing filent for a long time before : we bombarded the town laft night from fun-fet until fun-rife this morning. The army are in very high fpirits, from the confidence they have in their General Officers, and the great unanimity which happily prevails among them. Several ffiells were thrown at the Centurion and others of our fleet in the channel, but had no effedt: moft of them burfted in the air, before they made the diftance. Sultry weather for feveral days paft, wind variable and fcant. Z z VOL. I. cc ORDERS. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ORDERS. “ Camp at Montmorency. “ - The tr00 P s are to hold themlelves in readinefs to-morrow, “ to execute the orders of yefterday.” 31ft. Eight o clock.— The troops at Point Levi were ordered to be ready to imbark immediately, boats coming from the fleet for this purpofe. Nine o clock. Ordered, that the 15th and 78th regiments with Bri¬ gadier-General Monckton be ready to imbark : the 43d and 48th, light infantry under Major Dalling, and the marines remain here to defend our batteries and redoubts. Ten o’clock—The Louifbourg grenadiers, with thofe of the 15th, 43d, 48th, and 78th, a detachment of the Royal Americans, the two regiments before-mentioned, and Brigadier Monckton, imbarked, rendezvoufed at the point of Orleans, put off immediately, and remained half-channel over, waiting for farther or¬ ders. The detachments of chofen men, with an Officer of each re¬ giment, who have been in readinefs, fince the evening of the 27th, for a particular fervice, were this day countermanded. Eleven o’clock.—Two armed tranfport-cats *, drawing little water, worked over, and grounded a-breaft of the Point de Left, weftward of the fall of Montmorency. A fmart cannonading enfued between thofe fhips (fupported by Admiral Saunders in the Centurion) and a detached battery which the enemy oppofed to defend the fording-place at the foot of the water-fall, and lafted near tw,o hours : at the fame time our batteries on the eminence to the eaftward brifkly enfiladed the enemy’s works at the left extremity of their camp, and alfo their de¬ tached battery and redoubt on the beach below. * Lieutenant William Gamier, of the Van-Guard, commanded the cat neareft in /hore, in which he difplayed great bravery and fteadinefs. I have not the pleafure to know the gentleman’s name who commanded the other; he behaved with equal honour, but Garnier’s vefTel was more expofed to the enemy’s fire, fmall arms as well as muf- ketry. 354 1759 ' July- The HISTORICAL JOURNAL. The following Orders were left with the Commanding Officer at Point Levi. “ORDERS. “ Sir—inclofed you have fome fignals and inftrudtions which you “ wil1 take care t0 obferve, and, ffiould you be ordered from hence, “ >’ ou wiU be pleafed to leave them with the next Officer in com- “ mand. I am, &c. “ John Spittal, Brigade-Major.’* “ To Colonel James of the 43d regiment. “ Signals that may be made by the army when on fhore, in “ wanting of troops, flores, or provifions, &c. as under-men- “ tioned. For what wanted. Signals by day. Signals by night. Reinforcement Provifions Tools Artillery Flat-bottomed boats Union flag Yellow pendant Yellow flajr Blue flag Red flag Sky-rockets repeated. Three lights over each other. One light. Three lights a-breaft. Three lights in a triangle. hen I repeat any of the fignals above-mentioned, you are to “ fend all your boats on board here, except when I make the laft, “ and you arc then immediately to fend all your flat-bottomed “ boats, to make the befl: of their way to the troops below the “ Fall of Montmorency. Any fhip that fees any of the above fig- “ nals made on fhore, if I do not immediately anfwer them, is to “ repeat them, if he can or fend a boat to acquaint me with them. “ And, if ammunition is wanted, a red flag, with a yellow pendant te over it, will be hoifled by day •, and four lights, one over the “ other, by night.—A nfti flag upon the main top-gallant-maft head of one of the cats is a fignal for Brigadier Monckton to join. Z z 2 “A blue HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ A blue and white ftriped flag at the top, for Brigadier Townfhend “ to pafs the Ford.” (Twelve o’clock.) The 43d regiment ordered to be ready at a moment’s warning *. Weather extremely hot. The enemy throw fhells at the troops (to little purpofe) who are in their boats half channel over. Two corps of the enemy, one .regulars, the other militia, made a motion towards the rear of their left, as if they intended to crofs the river of Montmorency at the upper Ford, and march into Ge¬ neral Wolfe’s camp; whereupon the 48th regiment received orders to march immediately up the country fome miles to the weftward of our batteries, and then to ftrike into the woods, and return to their camp, as much undifcovered as poflible; this had the delired efFe already greatly diminilhed, and would have been confiderably more fo, if the General had perfevered; all which deterring incidents, cri¬ tically concurring, prevailed on his Excellency to withdraw his troops, and give up the projedt for the prefent. I fhall now take a view of the operations of the army under the Commander in Chief, where we fhall find our friends have their fhare in the great choice of obftacles, which every-where appear in the reduction of this province. The army under Major-General Amherft, Commander in Chief of all his Majefty’s forces in North America, confifting of the ift, 17th, 27th, 42d, 55th, and 77th regiments of regulars, and the 80th of light armed infantry; with thofe of Scuyler, Lyman, Rug- gles, Whiting, Worcefter, Fitch, Babcock, Lovewell, and Willard, provincials j a body of rangers and Indians, with a relpedtable de¬ tachment of the royal train of artillery, under Major Ord; (the reft of the army being detached, as will be hereafter mentioned, whereof the greateft part are under Brigadier-General Prideaux, including a corps of Indians under Sir William Johnfon, who are to proceed up the Mohawk river, thence to Niagara; and the remainder, under Bri¬ gadier-General Stanwix, deftined to the weftward, towards Pitts¬ burgh, &c. with each a party of artillery and light troops) were as early in motion as the feafon of the year would admit.-Before I proceed to particularife, it will be necefl'ary to communicate to the reader fome general orders, diftributed to the army, antecedent to their movements. Albany, May 5, 1759. May “ Colonel Prideaux is appointed to fe/ve as Brigadier-General, 5 th * « and to be obeyed as fuch. Colonel Townfhend and Lieutenant- « Colonel Amherft are Deputy Adjutant-Generals ; Captains Darcy, n Prefcot, and Abercromby, Aids de Camp to the Commander in Chief > cc HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 361 Chief; Captains Moneypenny and Harvey, Majors of brigade. 1759. “ The grenadiers and light infantry of all the battalions will be formed in corps a-part during the campaign : thofe companies to “ be alwa y s complete. The battalions are at all times to be told “ off in four grand divifions, eight fubdivifions, and fixteen pla- “ toons ; and this mud be done without breaking the companies, May. “ if the numbers will nearly be equal, except in the platoons, “ that eacb company mull be fubdivided to form two platoons. “ The Officers will be polled, as much as the fervice will permit, “ t0 the companies they belong to; they will take fufils, no faffies,’ “ but g or g e ts, either fwords or hangers, as the Commanding Offi¬ cers of battalions ffiall direct. The regiments to take their co¬ lours into the field j the Serjeants to carry firelocks inllead of “ halberts, with cartouch-box and bayonet, inllead of fword ;' the foldiers no fword, nor fword-belt, if they can carry their bayonet “ fecurely without them; one Drummer per company; the remain- “ ing Drummers to be put into the ranks. The grenadiers to take “ their fwords and caps into the field : no women to be permitted “ t0 go with the regiments, or to follow. The Royal Highland “ regiment and the 77th (Highlanders) are excepted in the order “ of no fwords : the Commanding Officer of each of thofe regi¬ ments may do as he thinks bell. The regiments to pradlile “ marching by files from the center to the front, to halt and face “ outwards, march by files as before, and form in battalion. Pla- “ toons for the front and flanks, if ordered out;—fourth platoon “ from the right, and eighth platoon from the left of the battalion, “ Ihall be front. See. flank platoons to the left. Whenever the “ battalion is on the march to the right, rear, and flank platoons, “ the fourth platoon from the left, and the eighth from the right “ of the battalion, fhall be rear and flank platoons, if ordered out; “ and are to march on the left of the battalion whenever the bat¬ talion is on the march by the left; and on the right alio, when the battalion marches to the right. Three ox-carts for the futtlcrs “ will be allowed to the regiments of one thoufand, and two to the \ oi— I. A a a “ regiments 362 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. /J 59 - “ regiments of feven hundred ; the futtlers to provide what may be 31ft.) “ wanted to complete their numbers in New England, and not to “ interfere with any that are intended for the King’s fervice. “ Commanding Officers of corps are particularly to acquaint their “ men, that the General hopes no man will be fo dilhoneft or fo Ma 7 - “ foolifh at prefent as to defert, as the operations of the campaign “ cannot but be attended with fuccefs; that, wherever they go to, “ they will certainly be taken; and the General is determined not “ to fhew any mercy to any one man that can be fuch a fcotindrel as “ to defert his King and country during the campaign. The ox-teams, “ as ordered for the regiments, muft be marked and numbered, or “ they will not be permitted to pafs. The feveral regiments are “ diredlly to fettle their accounts of portions, as allowed to the “ Officers by an order of the 17th of January; which proportion “ is to ceafe on the firft of this month, from which every Officer “ is to receive one portion only. As no women are permitted to go “ with the regiments, four per company of the regiments of one u thoufand men, and three per company of the regiments of feven “ hundred men, may receive provifions at Albany; a lift of the faid “ women to be ligned by the Commanding Officer of the regiment, ** and fent to the Major of brigade, who will give in their names ** to the Matron of the hofpital, that (he may call for them for the “ fervice of the hofpital; which if they refufe, when wanted, they “ are to be immediately ftruck off their allowance. A return of the “ volunteers, with their time of fervice, to be immediately given in to the Deputy Adjutant-General: all thefe Gentlemen are to ferve “ with the light infantry. A weekly allowance of provifions for “ one perfon, See. (See a note on rations, under the 8th of Auguft, “ * 757 -) “ When the troops receive freffi meat, each man is to have one “ pound of beef for the day, and to receive from the contradlor one “ pound of flour; a receipt is to be given. A bullock’s head is to “ be iffued for eight pounds of beef; a tongue for three pounds; a “ heart HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 363 “ heart for its weight. In all provifion receipts, the number of * 759 * “ perfons, with the days they are victualled for, are to be wrote in 31(h) “ words at length, and not in figures; and, if the contractor's clerks « do not deliver the full allowance above-mentioned, a receipt only “ for the quantity of provifions delivered is to be given, mentioning “ the different fpecies received from them. No futtlers belonging to May. “ the army are to take any rum, except by an order in writing from “ the Commanding Officer of the regiment, who is permitted to “ take what he fhall think abfolutely neceffary for the ufe of the regi- «< ment, fpecifying, in his order to the futtler, the quantity and the “ marks of the cafk that it is in : no other futtler fhall be permitted “ to take any rum into the field. The Officers, commanding at all « the polls, are to feize all rum, except fuch as goes in the King’s “ flores, or with the futtlers of the regiment, as permitted by the “ above order. A Subaltern and thirty men of the Royal Highlan¬ ds ders to parade to-morrow morning at four o’clock precifely, to ct efcort artillery and ammunition to the half-way houfe on the road “ to ScheneCtady : a detachment from the fourth battalion of Royal “ Americans will relieve the faid detachment, and efcort the artil- « lery, &c. from thence to ScheneCtady. When any of the troops, either regulars or provincials, are employed as artificers, or labourers, “ on any works during the campaign, they fhall be paid for the fame “ at the following rates:—all artificers per day one fhilling and three- “ pence, New-York currency j to Mortar-makers, and other labour- « ing works of that kind, one fhilling j other labouring works in “ building florehoufes, hofpitals, or barracks, nine-pence ; for all other t< works of retrenchments, &c. which are the duty of the foldier, “ and never paid, they fhall have ajill of rum per man. The ac- “ counts of the feveral workmen mufl be regularly kept by the Com- “ manding Officers, when any work is carried on : from which ac- “ counts only the men will receive their wages. The troops, when “ ferving on the batteau-fervice, fhall be paid at the following “ rates for the faid fervice : each Captain fhall receive four {hillings A a a 2 “ P er HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ P er da y> each Subaltern two (hillings, and every Non-Commiffioned “ Officer and private man one (hilling per day; the whole New- York currency : and the men fhall have rum given them, as the ler- vice may require, and circumftances will permit. The Command¬ ing Officer of any parties, ordered on this fervice, is to keep a lift “ of the names of the men, the companies they belong to, and the “ da ys the y work : which lift he is to certify, and give into the Ma- “ jor of brigade, who will deliver it to the Deputy Quarter-Mafter- General, that it may be paid. When a regiment, or any part, is “ S 0,n g fr° m one cam P or quarter to another, and that they take “ batteaus and provifions with them, that is not to be reckoned as a “ fervice to be paid : they are only to be paid, when fent on purpofe for the batteau-fervice. The orders of the 5th of May, relative to defertion, tQ be read to the provincial troops; for which purpole tl ffi e Officers, commanding thofe regiments, will have their men un¬ der arms, and read the fame to them : and to allure the men, that the General is as determined not to pardon any one deferter from " an y of the troo P s during the campaign, as he is to reward the men to the utmoft of his power, when their good behaviour deferves it. As waggons are now wanted for the lervice of the troops, all futtlers, “ merchants, &c. that have palfes to follow the army, are, for the fu¬ ture, to make ufe of only ox-carts, in the fame manner as regimen¬ tal futtlers, orders having been fent to the different polls to Hop all waggons. The following detachments to be made from the pro¬ vincial troops : they are to be proper men for the batteau-fervice. “ Provinces. Numbers. “ Connecticut — — “ Maffachufets — — “ New Jerfeys — — “ Rhode Jlland —- — Total - Captains. 2 1 1 1 Subalt s 7 4 3 1 Serj” 10 5 4 2 rank&hle. 240 120 104 54 5 1 5 2 I CO IT, “ This HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 365 “ This detachment is to parade to-morrow morning (May the 29th) J 759- on the road, on the right of the Rhode ifland troops, and wait till ^31$' H Major Moneypenny fees them march off. They are to take their arms, a proportion of camp-neceflaries, “ and as many days’ provifions as they have received, with them. “ Three waggons will be allowed for the Connecticut troops, two for May. “ the MafTachufets, two for the Jerfeys, and one for the Rhode ifland, “ for carrying their tents, &c. on fending to Lieutenant Coventry, “ Affiflant Deputy-Quarter-Mafter-General. This detachment is to “ remain out, perhaps, fome months, and the Officers and men, when “ employed as batteau-men, will be paid as per order, &c. This de- “ tachment to inarch to-morrow to ScheneCtady, &c. &c. All the “ provincial troops are to provide themfelves immediately with every “ thing they may have occafion for, that they may be ready to march “ on the firft notice.” A corporal and a private man (whofe names are mentioned in the orders) both of the Rhode ifland regiment, con¬ demned by fentence of a General Court-martial for defertion, the Ge¬ neral was pleafed to pardon the former ; the other was executed: the Royal Highlanders, MafTachufets, New Jerfeys, Connecticut, and Rhode ifland troops, all under the command of Brigadier Gage, were ordered to attend the execution. “ All the provincial regiments to be drawn “ up without arms in the front of their feveral incampments, at one “ o’clock. The Commanding Officers are to have returns ready of “ their numbers now here, and thofe they expeCt to join them, which “ they will give to the General.” “ The Rhode ifland regiment will march to-morrow morning “ (May the 31ft) for Fort Edward ; they will ftrike their tents at five “ o’clock ; their baggage is to proceed by water; for which purpofe “ they will apply to Colonel Broadftreet for batteaus : they will like- “ wife take up twenty batteaus laden with provifions, which they are “ to load this evening: the regiment to be completed with fix days’ “ provifions. The Royal Highland regiment to be relieved this even- “ ing by the provincial troops, and march to-morrow, (June the ifi) ^ “ at HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ at five o’clock to Halfmoon, where they will take the artillery un- “ der their care, and efcort the fame to Fort Edward: a waggon per “ company, one for the Commanding Officer, and one for the Staff, “ will be allowed : the regiment to take fix days’ provifions with “ them. The Maffachufet troops are to take batteaus this afternoon " at three o’clock, and load them with provifions, referving a proper “ number for their tents and baggage, which they will put in “ batteaus to-morrow morning at five o’clock, and proceed to “ Fort Edward : they are to take nine days’ provifions with them. “ Colonel Ruggles will leave careful Officers here (at Albany) to bring “ U P thofe men that he experts to join. Major Ord to put the artil- “ lery and ftores in the fcows this evening, which are to proceed to- “ morrow morning to Halfmoon, and to be efcorted to Fort Edward, *'* as above. The regiments of Lyman, Fitch, and Scuyler to be ready “ to march on the firft notice. Colonels Lyman and Fitch to appoint “ proper Officers to remain here, to bring up thofe men which are “ left behind of thefe regiments." The whole month of May has been neceffarily taken up in prepa¬ rations for the campaign by the lakes ; the provincial troops rendez- voufed at Albany, and incamped as faff as they joined. General Amherft arrived there on the 12th, and ordered the regular troops foi ward, to take poll on the road leading to Fort Edward, diftant fifty-fix miles from Albany. There is a good navigation for batteaus, &c. for thirty-fix miles of the way. A detachment of the army, compofed of Regulars, Light Infantry, Provincials, and Rangers, moved forward, and took poll a few miles on the lake fide of the camp at Fort Edward, and there conftru>y 31ft.) July 16th, 19th. 39 ° HISTORICAL JOURNAL. (jdy ^°pped at the illands,where a detachment was left to guard them. This 31ft.) Officer informed us, that Captain Jacob and four of his Indians are piifoners ; that their army is fuperior to ours in numbers ; and he ex- preffed great furprife at our not advancing to vifit them, &c. and of their being impatient of our coming, &c. &c. The letter he brought was from the Sieur de Montcalm to the General, and was merely com- plimental. A foldier of the 17th regiment, tried by a general court-martial, is this day to fuffer death, purfuant to his fentence, for a robbery and being a notorious offender. The General received an exprefs from Colonel Haldimand, of the firft battalion of the 60th regiment, in- camped at Ofwego: the Colonel acquaints his Excellency, that the army under Brigadier Prideaux advanced from thence towards Nia¬ gara on the 1 ft inftant, having left three hundred regulars, five hun- died provincials, and a party of Indians, under his command at that poft : that, foon after the departure of the army, his own Indians dif- covered a large body of the enemy on their march for Ofwego, which they mftantly reported to him, and he immediately let all hands to work, and intrenched his camp, contracting his ground within nar¬ rower limits : that, after he had got his works in fome forwardnefs,he detached a reconnoitring-party, who fell in with the enemy, and main¬ tained a kind of running-fight with them, until they got back to their intrenehments ; that next morning early the enemy attacked his poft for near three hours, but, having only mufketry, which they fired at a great diftance, and in an irregular manner, without making the Jeaft impreffion, they thought proper to defift for the prefent. The next day the enemy attacked an advanced redoubt, which had been thrown up for the protection of the Colonel’s batteaus ; but, finding themfelves fired upon by artillery, they retired after a few rounds" their C ommanding Officer being wounded, as the Colonel afterwards learned bj feveral deferrers, who came in from them. His name is Le Come, who was ffiot through one of his thighs; and his detach¬ ment amounted to near one thoufand five hundred men, compofedtf troupes 39 1 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. troupes de Cdon't e, Indians, and Canadians ; of which the latter were 1759. moft numerous : what other lofs the enemy fuftained is not men- tioned : on our fide three were killed ; an Officer, an Engineer, and a private man, were wounded ; in all fix. Monf. Le Corne has been remarkable for feveral adts of the moft wanton barbarity on our people ; in which, as we are told, he always diftinguiflied himfelf, July, not fparing even the oxen that fell into his hands. In our loading the batteaus, feveral of them proved leaky: in general, they are not of fufficient ftrength to carry ordnance-ftores. We have had a great deal of wind and rain, with fome fogs, of late. “ Orders for the army paffing the lake, (July 20.) ** The advanced guard is to confift of Gage’s light infantry, with 20th. “ the Englifh flat-bottomed boat in the front of the center of their “ whale-boats, drawing up a-breaft, covering the heads of the co- « lumns from right to left. The army to row in four columns : the “ right and firft columns to confift of rangers, light infantry of regi- « ments, grenadiers, Willard’s and Ruggles’s fecond battalion, to be «< drawn up, and row the boats two deep; the Commanding Officers “ in a whale-boat on the left of the battalions, the front rank in the “ boats on the right, the rear ranks in the boats on the left, as the “ whole of this column marches, and embarks by the left; in which “ order they will land. When this column lands. Colonel Bradftreet « will fend men to take care of all the whale-boats: the rangers, “ light infantry, and grenadiers, are to leave only what men are ab- folutely neceffary, to take care of their tents and baggage in their “ batteaus. “ The fecond column is to confift of the two brigades of regulars “ marching and embarking by the left, beginning by the late Forbes s “ regiment; their front rank in the boats on the right, and the rear « ranks in the boats on the left, rowing two boats a-breaft. *< The third column is to confift of all the artillery, the radon us “ a-head, followed by the rafts ■, all the Carpenters, the boats with “ the 392 HISTORICAL JOURNAL. * 759 * “ the tools, Schuyler’s regiment, and Ruggles’s firft battalion, with “ artillery-ftores, &c. embarking from their right, rowing two boats ** a-breaft; their front rank on the left, the rear rank on the right, “ the Commanding Officers in a whale-boat on the right of the bat¬ talion ; the left of Ruggles’s will be followed by boats belonging “ to the Quarter-Mafters; then Engineers, Surgeons, hofpital, Com- “ miflaries, futtlers, a large boat with provifions, and a float with “ horfes. “ The fourth and left column is to confift of Lyman, Worcefler, “ Fitch, Babcock, and Lovewell ; they are to march and embark “ by the right, rowing two batteaus a-breaft, the front rank on the “ left, the rear rank on the right, the Commanding Officers in a “ whale-boat on the right of the battalion. Whiting’s will form the “ rear, covering the rear of the four columns from right to left } “ their right to the fourth column, and left to the firft column ; their “ rear rank to the columns, and front rank to the Halifax floop. “ The Halifax floop will cruife clofe to the rear of the whole. All “ the battalions, except Whiting’s, are to leave neither more nor lefs “ than one Serjeant per regiment, and one man per company, for the “ care of the batteaus, tents, and baggage j and one Officer per bri- “ gade of the regulars, one for the five regiments on the left of the “ provincials, and one for the four on the right: the Officers, Ser- “ jeants, and men to be fixed on, and their names returned to the “ Major of brigade. Rangers, light infantry of regiments, and gre- “ nadiers, to be commanded by Colonel Haviland, with Lieutenant “ Brehme to attend him j Willard’s and 2d battalion of Ruggles’s com- “ manded by Col. Ruggles, Lieut. Gray to attend him : thefe two laft “ battalions to receive fifty axes each, by applying to Mr. Ruflel, which, “ with thofe they already have, may do for what work will be required “ of them.—The fecond column will be commanded by Brigadier-Ge- “ nera l Gage; Colonel Schuyler will command the two regiments of the third column, which will have each one hundred axes delivered to them, by applying to Mr. Ruflel, that they may be ready to clear “ the roads, the moment they are ordered to land } Lieutenant Rofe will “ attend HISTORICAL JOURNAL. “ attend Colonel Schuyler. The column on the left will be com- “ manded by Colonel Lyman, and will be ready to land on the weft “ fide, or where ordered : the columns to row at the fame height, and “ the boats to keep clear of each other’s oars. “ Signals to be made on Board the Invincible Radeau, or “ the Halifax Sloop. “ A fmall Union flag for Majors of brigades and Adjutants to come July by which two were killed, This has 31ft.) occafioned the following orders to be iflued : “ORDERS. July. “ The General caifnot but be furprifed that fuch brave and “good troops thould be fubjedt to be alarmed in the night, and “ that any'of the men fhould fire after the orders he has given, “ without being commanded by their Officers to do it, by which “ they wound and kill their comrades ; and their not obeying the “ order of receiving the enemy in the night, with their bayonets fixed, will coll more men than all the fire the enemy can “ bring againll them; and he hopes no farther alarms of this fort “ will happen.” (After-Orders.) “ Sixty of Major Rogers’s rangers will march, with their Com- “ manding Officer, into the trenches this night, and will be era- “ ployed, at a proper time, to alarm the enemy, by firing into the “ covered way, to keep their attention from the workmen. The “ Commanding Officer, who marches out of the trenches, will al- “ ways acquaint the Officer, who relieves him, of the different “ polls he has, and every thing that is material for him to know.— “ As it may be neceflary to have a counterfign, by which the men in “ the trenches may know each other in the night, the counterfign “ for this night is Boston.” Two twenty-four pounders, and a thirteen-inch mortar, with their ammunition, were brought up this morning, conducted by the Commanding Officer of the artillery ; the enemy have kept an inceflant fire on the trenches thefe laft twenty-four hours j they have now got the diflance to the camp, and gall us confiderably, lour being killed by a Ihell, and feveral wounded; notwithflanding thefe annoyances, we have carried our approaches within fix hun¬ dred HISTORICAL JOURNAL. 401 dred years of the fort, and Major Rogers, with his Indians, are *759- advanced, endeavouring to amufe the beiieged from our works by popping into theirs. The Honourable Colonel Townfhend was picked off to-day in the trenches by a cannon-fhot; he is very defervedly lamented by the General and the army. The enemy have got a bridge a-crofs the lake, with works to cover it, intend¬ ing thereby to fecure their retreat. The flat-bottomed boat, with fifty whale-boats, now on Lake Champlain, are ordered to proceed with a body of light troops, to deflroy fuch works as the enemy may have thrown up to obflrudt the navigation, as well as to amufe them on that fide. The duty of the trenches is done by regiments, taking it alter- nately; we are very bufy in forwarding artillery-flores, and expett to open our batteries to night or to-morrow morning; the enemy continue to fire warmly on our approaches, but their fhot and (hells do not fo much retard our operations as the ground we work on, it being an uncommon weighty, fliff clay. Two provincial centries, who had been polled between the army and the landing-place, were taken off by the enemy's Indians and fcalped fome batteaus coming from the other end of Lake George, the men ventured to go a-fhore to drefs fome provifions, and were fired upon by a party of Indians, who killed and fcalped five, and made three prifoners. The fire of the fort is much abated, by which we are inclined to think the enemy have damaged the bell of their artillery. (After Orders.) ** As there have been fome Indians firing in the rear to-day, the *• General depends upon the regiments not being alarmed, if they ** fliould hear fome firing in the night. The counterfign this night ** is London.” About ten o’clock this night fome deferters came into the tren¬ ches, to apprife us of the enemy’s having abandoned the fort j and, before they could be conducted to the General, their magazine blew up, whereby the wooden works of the place were fet on fire j Voc. I. F f f before 402 I I 7S9* (J u 'y 3‘ft-) J u >y 27th. historical journal. before they went off, they loaded all their (hells, guns, and mulketry up to their muzzles, with port-fufe’s to the vents j and the flames, communicating to them, rendered the place for fome time inaccef- flble, with any degree of fafety. The General, being afcertained of this great event, detached Colonel Haviland with the light in¬ fantry of regiments and the rangers on the lake, with the flat-bot¬ tomed boaCand whale-boats to follow and harrafs their rear; who cam n . Our lofs, in the redudtion of the fort and lineb of Tinconderoga, July amounted to ' one Colonel (Townfhepd, whofe reman.c are tranf- * mitted to Albany for interment) one Lieutenant, and fifteen, pri- « vates killed, and about fifty wounded.’ The army are employed in drawing artillery, (lores, and provifions to the fide of Lake Cham¬ plain, alfo launching batteaus and whale-boats with' all expedition, as the General feems anxious to be in pofleflion of Crown-Point y the troops are in high fpirits. By our lad accounts from the fouth fide of Lake George, Colonel Montrefor had got the new fort in a refpedtable pollute of defence, which is now called Fort George* This afternoon an exprefs arrived from the army before Niagara, with an account of the death of Brigadier General Prideaux, who was unfortunately killed in the trenches, on the evening of the jpth, by an accident, the Gunner inconfiderately firing, as the General was paffing \ the (hell burft as foon as it had cleared the mouth of the cohorn, and a large piece of it (truck him on the fide of his head j Brigadier General Gage is ordered to proceed to Oiwego, to take upon him the command of that army over which Colonel Haldimand, from Ofwego, prefides at prefent, being immediately fent for by Sir William Johnfon, upon that unlucky event. The army are employed in forwarding matters for the farther 2 gjhk. operations of the campaign j alfo preparing to clear the fort, and conltruft barracks for a new garrifon : we have received intelligence, that Monf. Bourlemacque’s forces are moved to Crown-Point, where they have got two armed (loops and a fchooner; they pre¬ tend to hold our naval force in contempt, and flatter themfelves we (hall be delayed here in building large veflels, and that we cannot: well proceed without a reinforcement: final! parties ot our light F f f 2 troo P* *759- (J^'y 31ft. ^/^fbe delay it occalions in forwarding the batteaus over the carrying- place. The fort of Ticonderoga is fmall, though refpeCtably fituateu, being a fquare with four baftions, raifed with large timbers (in like manner as its late formidable intrenchments;) there are two ravelins of mafonry that cover the front next the lines, to which only ap¬ proaches can be made; it has a ditch of a moderate depth and breadth, with a glacis and covered way in good condition; the counterfcarp of the ditch and glacis are of mafonry; there are cafe- mates in the fort which have not fuffered by the late revolutions, and eleven excellent ovens that prove very ferviceablc to the army. The barracks for the garrifon, with moft of their ftore-houfes, arc burned down, but the walls do not appear to be damaged: one baftion and a part of two curtains are demolilhed by the explofion of the magazine. This famous fortrefs is built upon a rock, and, in order to level the foundation, its furface is covered with ma¬ fonry : Colonel Eyre has got directions to repair it with all expedi¬ tion, upon the fame plan as the enemy had eredted it. Thus has our Commander in Chief curbed the infolence of the French in this part of the country, and, by his incomparable mea- fures and Heady perfeverance, compelled the enemy, with very little lofs on our fide, to abandon a pals which has proved, for fe- veral years back, a defperate thorn to his Majefty’s fubjeCts of New- England, New-York, &c. and fruftrated all oar endeavours fince the commencement of this war. HISTORICAL JOURNAL. troops are fcouting in the neighbourhood of Crown-Point, and ranging the mountains that overlook that fortrefs. Five companies of provincials joined the army to-day* the enemy had formed a plan here of erediing a fmall^r^tt near the water-fide, but, as they had not finifhed it, the-^neral has ordered it to be thoroughly completed. ^ It rain^dTincelfantly yefterday, and the preceding night, that all o*rivorks were intirely at a Hand; the General is concerned at Great HISTORICAL JOURNAL. Great feats are and hare been often atchieved by mulketry alone, but fuch daring undertakings (hould only be referred for, and at¬ tempted in, merely neceflitous, defperate cafes f^and artillery, as in this inftance now before us, be employed where it can be rendered truly ferviceable; for a General will thereby not only prevent a great effulion of human blood, but prudently preferve the lives of his valiant troops (his fellow-creatures) for farther entcrprifes, acquire to himfelf the reputation of an able Commander, and difcharge his duty, more effectually, to his Maker, his King, and his Country. Having now deduced the operations of the campaign on the lakes to the fame period with the army below Quebec, it is time to turn our eyes to that quarter, and obferve the meafures that'have been taken to reduce the capital of Canada to our obedience \ but this, with the other interefting events that followed, mull be re- ferved for the fecond volume. The End of the First Voluk*- .vl A M H U O l J A O 1 «? O V » i. Ii i toluolx«l fcov id >n i* 1c i, | * ■ ■■■ 'Mi* , » -j «'.;<} j ' • (jj - r, f • • ■ • • ; ■ , .. . , ■ 1 •■» 't/». t - «i i. .> h • i rfv/ btfggfitip , ^ * in-vri .j -- • • ‘ V : b ' ' M »<» . • , • i ' ( • • . . . • */ *■ * ■ •• ^ vU£i Jt ^ , ' i *' (■}'.; i.- ;i< j >ftj g* 1 ? ■ ‘J fli-'l ■ ' • 72-1*5 5 . , V f- A.,. Page io, line 4, of the note, for fiiding, read Jleighing. _ 11, line 25, the femicolon Ihould be after us ; — 42, line 7, for fixteen, read ftxty. - - 66, line 8, for chearuping-glafs, read chirp'mg-glafs. _ 80, laft line, read whole to thirty , is fe. ibid, and laft words, fay, as their rout , &c. —— 112, line 3, for blow, read below. _ _125, line 23, for Tripon, read Fripon. — — 151, line 21, for verftfied , read verified. ■ ■ 247, line 26, for exfanguious , read exanguious. - 297, laft line, for centries, read out-centries. ■ 336, fecond line of orders, for opportunities at their pojls , read opportunities of killing fingle men at their pojls. — 344, line 9, for mojl, read once. *** The Author hopes his diftance from Town, where this Work was printed, will be an Excufe for all Errors of the Prefs, he. he. IbSlU-S V.J-