+ ARTES LIBRARY 1817 VERITAS SCIENTIA OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN TUEBOR QUER:S PENINSULAN FIC t AMU STIRIUMINI TAMILISHALIHUMILEH + CE 91 D39 1871 i THE BOOK OF ALMANACS. i THE · BOOK OF ALMANACS, WITH AN INDEX OF REFERENCE, 65665- BY WHICH THE ALMANAC MAY BE FOUND FOR EVERY YEAR, WHETHER IN OLD STYLE OR NEW, FROM ANY EPOCH, ANCIENT OR MODERN, UP TO A.D. 2000. WITH MEANS OF FINDING THE DAY OF ANY NEW OR FULL MOON FROM B.C. 2000 TO A.D. 2000. COMPILED BY AUGUSTUS DE MORGAN. OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE; LATE PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON. "Les trente-cinq calendriers qui suivent sont seuls possibles d'après les principes admis pour la formation; il ne s'agit, pour avoir celui d'une année quelconque, que de chercher dans la table ci-après, quel est le numero qui convient à cette année."-FRANCŒUR. “And thus, by a very short and easy method, the time of any new or full moon, within the limits of 6000 years either before or after the Christian ara, may be found, sufficiently near the truth for any common purpose."-FERGUSON. 1 SECOND EDITION. LONDON: JAMES WALTON, BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER TO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, 137, GOWER STREET. MDCCCLXXI. ་· LONDON: PRINTED BY WERTHEIMER, LEA AND CO., FINSBURY CIRCUS. 1 PREFACE. THIS work is fashioned upon two different hints, derived, the one* from the late L. B. Francœur, the other† from he well-known James Ferguson. Francoeur was the first I know of who imagined the very simple and effective plan of uniting the thirty-five almanacs, and indicating the proper one for each year by an index. And Ferguson is the first who dared to think that an almanac-maker (to which I add, an historian) might, by a trifling calculation, find new and full moons accurately enough, if he were provided with an abridgement of the mass of tables by which the astronomer calculates the moon's place. But though I thus acknowledge, as I am bound to do, that this work is suggested by the writers above named, yet I must also state that I am neither translator nor editor of either; insomuch that I know of no way of introducing their names into the title-page, except the one which I have adopted. The whole work has been reconstructed from higher authorities, on the plan of the writers to whose suggestions I am indebted. I have added what may appear a very superfluous extent of means for verifying the accuracy of the indexes: and perhaps "Manuels-Roret. Théorie du Calendrier et Collection de tous les Calendriers des Années passées et futures.... Paris, 1842. 12mo. Par L. B. Francœur, • + "Select Mechanical Exercises... before and after the 18th century... New Tables for expeditiously computing the Time of any New or Full Moon within the limits of 6000 years By James Ferguson." Second Edition. London, 1778. 8vo. b PREFACE. • Si a reader may think that I really suspect the existence of serious errors. This, however, is not the case: I have examined the whole index since it was stereotyped, by comparison with the two works of Clavius, the paramount authorities on the subject, and m only fear is that a figure may be broken off, a contingency which no printer can guard against with perfect certainty. have examined all the rest of the work, also since it was stereotyped. I do not, of course, pretend to supersede the common almanac, which abounds in matter beyond prediction. But I hope to be of some use to the constructors of the almanacs, in a few details in which they are not always accurate, and in which I have only been saved from error by making all almanacs at once, and by the inquiries which were thereby rendered necessary. My main object is, in matters purely chronological, to supply the place of the old almanac, which is never at hand when wanted,- of the older almanac, which never was at hand,-of the future almanac, which is not yet at hand,-and of the universal almanac in every shape. University College, London, March 16, 1851. A. DE MORGAN. • INTRODUCTION. As much of the way to use this book as many persons want is shown in two lines at the head of Table II., p. 7. Thus it will appear that the 30th Almanac serves for 1851, the 21st for 1852, the 6th for 1853, &c. But because 1852 is leap year, the 21st Almanac will not serve for January and February; in these months the next, or 22nd Almanac, must be used: being as if the first two months of Almanac 22 had been cut out, and pasted upon the first two months of Almanac 21, with one addition at the end of February, which in this case it is convenient to print, because February 29 falls on a Sunday. Having thus premised as much as will save such readers as only want the almanac of the day from the necessity of consulting this introduction, I proceed to give some account of the work itself, which is intended,- 1. To enable any one, without calculation, to place before himself the almanac for any year of old style, or any year of new style from A.D. 1582 to A.D. 2000; with its Roman and modern European month days, its week days, feasts fixed and moveable, law and yniversity terms. 2. To give the means, without calculation, of verifying or restor- ing any part of the index, in the event of a figure being misprinted or broken out of the stereotype plate. 3. To enable the reader, without calculation, to decide on the moonlight of any month: that is, to find at once, within a day (in some rare cases with an error of two days), the days of new and full moon. 4. To supply a very short and easy method of calculating, always within two hours, and usually within less, the times of new and full moon for any month of any year from B.C. 2000 to A.D. 2000. Almanacs differ from one another as follows. The days of the week fall on different days of the month in different almanacs; and the moveable feasts fall on different days of the year. The three determinants by which almanacs are usually constructed, are the golden number, the dominical letter, and the epact. Golden Number.-I do not make any use of this, but means of finding it are given in the index-tables. The years, or rows of years, with an asterisk at the beginning, have i for the golden Thus number, the next years, or rows of years, have 2, and so on. A.D. 1114 has 13 for its golden number. Dominical Letter.-Every day of the year (except February 29, when it occurs) has one of the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, perma- nently attached to it: A to January 1, B to January 2, &c., in re- curring order; A again to January 8, and so on: as seen in Al- viii THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-INTRODUCTION. 1 manac 37. Consequently, in a common year, all the Sundays have the same letter; and this letter is the sole dominical letter of the year. But in leap-year, owing to one week-day going without a let- ter, January and February have one letter for their Sundays, and all the other months the letter preceding; G being reckoned as pre- ceding A. Thus 1632 (old style) has the letters A G; all the Sun- days in January and February are A-days, all the Sundays in the other months are G-days. But we have rarely, if ever, in this work, anything to do with the January and February letters: thus, for our purposes, it is as if 1632 had no letter except G. Epact.-By the moon, in chronology, is always meant the moon as represented in the prevailing chronological system, be the repre- sentation true or false: we therefore speak only of the calendar moon, so far as the structure of the almanac is concerned. The age of the moon is thus reckoned. All the day on which new moon is supposed to take place (though it happen only a second before mid- night) is called the first day of the moon; all the day after is the second day; and so on. The word epact was used (in old style) in more senses than one; of these I adopt the most common and the most useful. In old style, the epact here means the age of the moon on the 22nd of March, the first possible location of Easter Day. In new style, the epact means the age of the moon on the 1st of January. But by one of those contrivances for correction of the calendar which I cannot here explain, the epact 29, in old style, must always be voted to be 30, and used as such in reckoning. In both styles, old and new, Easter Day is the Sunday following that fourteenth day of the calendar moon which happens upon or next after the twenty-first of March: so that if the said fourteenth day be a Sunday, Easter Day is not that Sunday, but the next. The description copied into prayer-books from the Act of Parlia ment for the change of style is incorrect* in two points: it substí- tutes the day of full moon for the fourteenth day, and the moon of the heavens for the calendar moon. But the details thus wrongly headed are, as intended, true copies of the Gregorian calendar. Easter Day may be any day of the five weeks which commence with March 22; it falls on or between March 22 and April 25. There are then 35 distinct almanacs; all of which are given in the sequel. They are numbered from 1 to 35: and I is that on which Easter Day is at its earliest, on March 22; 2 is that on which it falls on the second possible day, March 23; and so on. To know Easter Day from the number of the almanac, add 21 or subtract 10, and call the result March or April. Thus almanac 7 has Easter · * When it happens that Easter Day falls on the day of real full moon, the apparent contradiction always makes a stir. On the last occasion, in 1845, I wrote an account of the Gregorian calendar, which the reader who wishes to know more of the subject may consult (Companion to the Almanac for 1845). So far as I know, no one having a reasonable acquaintance with the subject has written against the conclusions of that paper. There was indeed an article of length and pretension in a journal I will not name, which I was told charged me with various and grave errors. This article I happened to meet with a few months ago, which I was very glad to do, hoping for some instruc- tion from it. But I had not read far before I came to the information that certain additions to the rule for finding Easter which distant periods require, and which are of course adopted by Delambre in his rule, were not in Delambre's rule, but were added by the late Sir Harris Nicolas! I read no further, being satisfied that the article was written upon second-hand information. THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-INTRODUCTION. IX Day on March 28; almanac 23 on April 13. We may say, if we ke, that almanac 23 has Easter Day on March 44, which is April 1. It is sometimes convenient to consider one month as a con- tinuation of the preceding. In this case, remember that the day o of any month is the last day of the preceding. To find the Almanac for any common year, A.D. According as old or new style is wanted, find the year in the old style index (Table I.), or the new style index (Table II.). Opposite to the year are seen the epact, dominical letter, and number of the almanac. Thus A.D. 1349 (old) gives 29D22; old epact_29, dominical letter D, almanac the 22nd. And A.D. 1592 has 15BA5 iTable I., 16ED8 in Table II.: its almanacs are the 5th in old style, the 8th in the new. To find the Almanac for any leap year, A.D. Proceed as before, using the almanac found from March to December, and the next one for January and February. But what is to be done with almanac 35, the last of all? We must here do what we may do in any other case, if we please. Use the almanac found throughout, but in January and February let every day of the month be advanced* one figure in date, and let a first of January be brought in. But remember that the feasts and saints' days which are fixed to days of the month move with the day the month. For example, required the almanac for 1852 new #yle. The table gives 9DC21. Either use the last ten months of * Remember also that the Cambridge term divides 12 hours later. the 21st almanac, and the first two months of the 22nd, or else all of the 21st, making January 1 into January 2, &c., through January and February only. Thus, from the 21st almanac, we see by the alterations required that the Epiphany falls on a Tuesday, new- year's day on Thursday, Quinquagesima on February 22; all which is seen directly in almanac 22. Chronological and astronomical formulæ are always contrived on the supposition that the additional day of leap year is made to fall between the two years, so as to affect all the leap year, as it ought to have been made to fall. The correction of this supposition is then made for January and February, on which months only is any effect produced. On the Styles.-For general history, use the old style for any year before 1582, and in 1582 up to October 4 inclusive; but from October 15, inclusive, of that year, and for all following years, use the new style. And remember that October 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, of that year never existed in the new Calendar. But the week-days ran on: thus October 4 was Thursday, October 15 was the following Friday. In English history use the old style for any year before 1752, and in 1752 up to September 2 inclusive; but from September 14, inclusive, of that year, and for all following years, use the new style. And remember that September 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, of that year never existed in the English Calendar. September 2 was Wednesday and September 14 was the following Thursday. For Russia, or any country whose church is Greek, use the old style up to this day. X THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-INTRODUCTION. Remember also that the English year most commonly begins on March 25 before the change of style: so that when we see February 14, 1687-88, we are to understand February 14 of the 1688 which begins in January, of the 1687 which began in the preceding March. This ambiguity extends to all days of January and February, and to the first 24 days of March. To find the Old Style Almanac as it would have been in any year B.C. Subtract 532 from the astronomer's date (or one less than the given date) until less than 532 is left, subtract that from 532, and find the old style almanac for the resulting date. Thus for B.C. 1096 and B C. 148 we have:- 1095 532 563 532 532 31 31 501 A.D. gives 17G32 532 147 385 A.D. gives 25E23 And 32 and 23 are the numbers of the almanacs required. For any year A.D. which is beyond the table, subtract 532 till you come into the table. Thus for A.D. 3085; three subtractions of 532 give 1489, and the almanac for 1489 is that required. To ascertain that the Index Table is correct as to any year. Go with the epact from the Index Table into Table III., which has new and old epacts in the upper and under rows. In the column of the epact find out the dominical letter; under it is the number of the almanac. Or, find the epact, old or new, in the fourth or fifth row of Table IV.; pass on to the following dominica letter, and under it, in the last row, is seen the number of th almanac. Thus 1221, old style, gives 25C21, and from both tables it is seen that 25C should give 21. Also, 1851, new style, gives 28E30, and it is also seen that 28E should give 30. If it should happen in any instance that these tables do not confirm the index, then the index is wrong either in epact, dominical letter, or almanac number. If the dominical letter be wrong, it may be set right by looking at the obvious manner in which the dominical letters run; backwards, with two at every leap year. The epacts are as much under a rule. In the old style, ore cycle of 19 numbers prevails throughout. That cycle is off 11, 22, 3, 14, 25, 6, 17, 28, 9, 20, 1, 12, 23, 4, 15, 26, 7, 18, 29 || 11, 22, &0. Each is formed from the preceding by adding 11, and striking 30, when we get above 30: 29 being considered as 30. In the new style the same sort of rule is followed, with certain shifts, thus :-From 1582 to 1699, 19 is used as 20, and the cycle of epacts is 26, 7, 18, 29, 10, 21, 2, 13, 24, 5, 16, 27, 8, 19, 1, 12, 23, 4, 15 || 26, 7, &C. For the passage from 1699 to 1700, only 10 is added, and from thence to 1899 18 is used as 19, and the cycle of epacts 9, 20, 1, 12, 23, 4, 15, 26, 7, 18, 30, 11, 22, 3, 14, 25, 6, 17, 28 || 9, 20, &c. At 1899, the epact is 18, and for this once is used as 18, so that 1900 has 29. From thence to 2000 (and indeed to 2199) 17 is used • THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-INTRODUCTION. xi s 18, 25 is changed * into 26 after all is done, and the cycle of Tuesday. Turn to an almanac in which June 12 falls on Tuesday, pacts is 29, 10, 21, 2, 13, 24, 5, 16, 27, 8, 19, 30, 11, 22, 3, 14, 26, 6, 17 || 29, 10, &c. The reader has now the means of verifying all the epacts. The numbers of the almanacs run thus. The passage into a common year, is always made by subtracting one more than seven or a number of sevens, or adding one less. But the passage from an ordinary year into leap year is always made by subtracting two more than seven or a number of sevens, or adding two less. And all the almanacs which have the same dominical letter differ by sevens in their numbers: thus A belongs to almanacs 5, 12, 19, &c., B to 6, 13, &c. &c. At the head of each almanac is printed its dominical letter, with every epact under which it can come. To ascertain on what year nearest to a given year any given month- day falls on a given week-day. Suppose, for example, that there is an event said to have hap- pened in 1545, on June 12, and implied to have happened on Tues- day. Now in this year June 12 is Friday. We think there may have been a slight error in the date, and we want to know the nearest year in which it could have happened, if it really were on *If any reader who consults Clavius should happen to follow me here, I Il inform him, to prevent his imagining that this is not always true, that there a two misprints (xxv instead of 25) in page 390 of the folio edition. Fran- cour has not put these epacts quite right, though he has made no error in the almanac numbers. and note its dominical letter in the heading; or else turn to almanac 37, and by making June 12 Tuesday, find the dominical letter from an adjacent Sunday. Then look out the given year in the index, and note the nearest year at which the obtained dominical letter appears. Thus, in almanac 37, June 12 has the letter B, whence G must be the Sunday letter: at the old style index for 1545, it appears that 1543 is the nearest year preceding, and 1548 the nearest year following, using G for this last year because the date is after February. Suppose that all we know of a person's age, beyond what his ap- pearance tells us, is that he was born on Tuesday the 29th of Febru- ary: what must his age be? We want a leap year in which Sunday is the 27th of February. The letter of this day is B, which is the first letter of the year. Look back from 1851, until we arrive at a leap year whose first dominical letter is B: we have 1848, 1820, 1780, 1752, 1724, between which it will no doubt be easy to decide. To ascertain on what year nearest to a given year any moveable feast falls on a given day. Turn over the almanacs until the almanac is found which has the feast on the required day; and note its number. Look for the year in the proper index, and run along the index both ways until the nearest year is found which has the obtained number for its almanac. But if it be Easter Day itself which is given, subtract 21 from the date in March, or add 10 to the date in April, and the almanac number is found at once. xii THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-INTRODUCTION. At and from To Change Old Style into New. Before and at Feb. 29, 1700 Oct. 5, 1582 Mar. 1, 1700 Mar. 1, 1800 Feb. 29, 1800 Feb. 29, 1900 Feb. 29, 2100 Mar. 1, 1900 Add to the date Ten days. Eleven days. Twelve days. Thirteen days. Thus March 28, 1587, O.S., is March 38 (or April 7), 1587, N.S. And December 26, 1692, O.S., is December 36, 1692, or January 5, 1693, N.S. February 29, 1700, O.S., is February 39, 1700, or March 11, 1700, N.S., for 1700 is not leap year in new style. But February 27, 1652, O.S., is February 37, or March 8, 1652, N.S., for 1652 is leap year in both styles. April 16, 1738, O.S., is April 27, 1738, N.S.; and August 30, 1850, O.S., is August 42, or September 11, 1850, N.S. The old style leap years, which are not new style leap years, within the limits of this work, are 1700, 1800, 1900. To Change New Style into Old. With the exception presently noted, if the year be 15.. or 16.. subtract ten days from the date; if 17. eleven days; if 18 .., twelve days; if 19. ., subtract thirteen days. Thus March 9, 1852, N.S., is (remembering leap year) February 38: in old style, February 26. But remember the following:- 1700. Up to March 11 inclusive, subtract 10, not 11. 1800. Up to March 12 inclusive, subtract 11, not 12. 1900. Up to March 13 inclusive, subtract 12, not 13. In all these cases convert March into February, or the rule will not do Thus March 11, 1800, N.S., is not March 0, 1800, O.S., or February 29, but March 11 is February 39, N.S., or February 28 O.S. Perhaps the best way when very near the points at which th leap year affects the old style, but not the new, would be to consult the following table. 1900. N.S. O.S. Feb. 27 Mar. = 1700. 1800. O.S. N.S. Feb. 27 Mar. 9 28 ΙΟ 29 Mar. I = II O.S. Feb. 27 28 = 29 N.S. Mar. 10 II 28 = I I2 29 I 12 Mar. I 13 Mar. I 1/4 2 13 2 14 15 To find the calendar new and full moons. Take the epact of new style as it stands, of old style increased by 9, with 30 struck off if we get above 30, and turn to almanac 37. Every day which has the epact opposite to it in the first column of Roman numbers is a day of calendar new moon; in the second, of calendar full moon. Thus, when the epact of new style is 21, April 8 is a day of calendar new moon, April 22 of calendar full moon. But when the epact of old style is 26, take 35, say 5, and use 5 in the same way for the old style. When the historian finds a statement about the day of new or full moon in a writer of the middle ages (that is, before printed al- manacs became common), it must be for his decision whether is author speaks of the moon of the heavens, or of the erroneous mon of the calendar. This may often not be an easy matter to deter mine; but it is important that the caution should be given. • THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-INTRODUCTION. xiii To find the days of real new and full moon, as nearly as the Gregorian | finally recult, into 29. Use the result as before for the new moon, calendar will give them. and one less for the full moon. For the new moons, augment the new style epact by 1 (except in the isolated case in which 26 is already written for 25, before de- scribed), and use the augmented epact as in the last rule. But for the full moons, use the unaugmented epact in the same way. Thus, for 1850, the new style epact is 17. Opposite to xviii we find the following days in the first column of Roman numbers in almanac 37, under which are the true days of new moon (J stands for January, &c.) J13, F11, M13, A11, M11, J 9, J9, A7, S6, 05, N4, D3 J13, F12, M13, A12, M11, J10, J9, A7, S6, 05, N4, D3 Opposite xvii in the second column we find the following days, under which are written the true days of full moon :- 1 J28, F26 M28, A26, M26, J24, J24, A22, S21, 020, N19, D18 J28, F26, M27, A26, M26, J24, J24, A22, S21, 021, N19, D19 There are instances in which the calendar errs two days, but they are rare. The above instances are rather more favourable in result than the average. To find the real new and full moon, as nearly as the old calendar will give them, for the first sixteen centuries after the Christian æra, or the first twelve before it. Augment the old style epact by 9, striking off 30 if the result exceed 30. Alter this result as follows, adding 30 if a subtraction be indicated which cannot be done without it, and changing 30, if it B.C. 10th, 11th, 12th centuries, subtract 5 7th, 8th, 9th centuries, 4th, 5th, 6th centuries, 1st, 2d, 3d centuries, A.D. 1st, 2d, 3d centuries, 4th, 5th, 6th centuries, 7th, 8th, 9th centuries, subtract 4 subtract 3 subtract 2 subtract I add o add 1 10th, 11th, 12th centuries, 13th, 14th, 15th centuries, 16th century, add 2 add 3 add 4 Required the new moon of September 610 B.C. 609 532 532 77 18 9 77 455 gives epact 18 27 subtract 4, 23 Almanac 37, xxiii is (in the first column) opposite September 30. The real day was September 29. According to this rule, in the 18th century we should add 4. If we take the set of epacts beginning at 1750, namely 22, 3, &c., and add 9 to each, subtracting 30 when required; if we then add 4 to each and subtract 12 for the change of style—all which amounts to adding one -we really get the new style epacts with one added, in almost every case. nearly as good as the new, and it would not be difficult to make it The preceding rule makes the old calendar quite as good. But looking at the rule to which we are coming, it would be hardly worth while. xiv THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-INTRODUCTION. To find the time of real new or full moon for any month of any year, from B.C. 2000 to A.D. 2000, within two hours of the truth. [It may be useful to give some idea of the meaning of the tables, though the rules will obtain the result without it. The process is that which the astronomical computer follows, with this difference, that his machinery of tables is more extensive, and adapted to give results within a second of the truth. The mean moon of the as- tronomer is neither the real nor the calendar moon, but a fictitious body, which moves at the mean or average rate of the moon, so that the real moon is, in the long run, as much and as often before as behind the mean moon. The same description may be given of the mean sun. But as this would lead to complications of addition and subtraction, the mean moon of tables for computation is always put so far back that all the corrections by which the mean moon is con- verted into the true may be additive. In the present tables the mean new and full moons are put back fourteen hours. In this sense, Table V. A shows the mean new moon in January of each year of the 18th century; Table V. B the mean full moon; Table V. C shows how much to put on for each additional lunation; Table V. D how much to subtract to pass from the day of the year to the day of the month; Table V. E shows the subtraction to be made on account of the slow acceleration of the moon's motion. Table V. F shows how to change the January mean new or full moon for the lapse of centuries. The columns S and M (relating to sun and moon) are preparations for passing from the mean new or full moon to the true; each unit in these columns meaning ten degrees of the planet's anomaly, for which see works on astronomy. Finally, Table V. G is used in making the passage from the mean moon to the true, and in it the fourteen hours above mentioned are included.] The following points are to be particularly remembered :— 1. The astronomer's date B.C. is always one less than the civil date thus, B.C. 1 (civil) is B.C. o (astronomical); B.C. 2 (civil) is B.C. 1 (astronomical). And the astronomer's date is to be used. The leap years are those of which the astronomical date is divisible by 4. 2. Old style is to be used in the calculation, converted into new style as wanted. 3. The astronomer's day commences at noon, and is reckoned through twenty-four hours; thus, January 16d 6h (astronomical) means 6 o'clock in the evening of the 16th; but January 16d 14h means two in the morning of the (civil) 17th. And the astronomer's day is to be used. 4. When a result is in the January or February of old style leap year, a day must be added to the date of the final result. 5. When anything is to be taken in days and hours out of A, B, C, E, or F (Tables V.), the S and the M are to be taken out with them; and whatsoever is directed to be done with the first, under- stand that the same is to be done with the second and third. 6. When subtraction from days and hours is directed to be done, and there is not enough to subtract from, add 29d 13h to the days and hours, and 3 to each of the two, S and M. 7 But when there is not enough to subtract from in S or M, THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-INTRODUCTION. XV 1 add 36 to the one which is too small; and 36, otherwise arising, | astronomers). The epact is that of 532-54, or 478; namely, 3 : may always be thrown away, when not wanted for this purpose. 8. Take the date of the given year (astronomical, if B.C) and find a year in the 18th century which differs from the given year by a complete number of centuries: note the number of cen- turies. 9. Take out the days and hours for the year of the 18th century, from A or B according as new or full moon is wanted: add or sub- tract the days and hours attached to the number of centuries in F. This result is for January. 10. Count the number of lunations elapsed from January to the given month, and add for that number from C: generally, each pass- age from one calendar month into another must reckon as one lunation; but where there is any doubt, almanac 37 and the epact will settle it. 11. Subtract the result belonging to the nearest date in E, when there is anything to subtract. 12. Having attended to direction 5, now add to the result what is opposite its S and M in Table G (remembering that o in the calculation gives something in Table G): deduct the greatest you can of the numbers of days in Table D, and note the month op- posite. The remainder shows the days and hours of that month required: in which change the style when requisite. 13. The result is for Greenwich time: to find the time in any other longitude, add the longitude in time, if east; subtract it, if west. Example. Required the full moon of August B.c. 55 (54 of 3 +9 = 12, 12 − 2 = 10 (see last rule), and (Alm. 37), the time was about August 30, eight lunations from that of January, as appears by going from ix to ix in the full-moon column of Alm. 37. And B.C. 55 (astronomically 54) is 18 centuries back from 1746. S M d h 24 17 22 12 B at 1746 (9) 36 (7) 19 I O 23 F at 1800 (9) 5 16 22 25 (9) 21 C at 8 (10) 2 O E at o (11) 45 46 (10) (11) 36 36 (7) 236 6 23 241 20 O 19 242 15 212 30 15 9 10 G for S at 9 G for M at 10) } (12) D at August (12) August 31, at 3h A.M. (12) Required the new moon of May 1851. The epact is 28 (which make 29) and (Alm. 37), the new moon is about 30th of May; but there is one about the 30th of April, which may be the one in question. We then try the former one, which in old style is about the middle of May, with four lunations elapsed from the new moon of January. xvi THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-INTRODUCTION. d h 14 20 4 8 S M 19. 4 21 21 9 A at 1751 26 F at 100 35 118 3 12 IO C at 4 137 7 33 45 9 6 20 138 9 120 18 12 9 30 9 G for S at 33 G for M at 9 D at May For New Style Ans. May 30 at 9h P.M. The Almanacs give 8h 47m P.M. Now, to try the moon at the end of April, we have to go back one lunation. dh S M As before 137 7 33 45 29 13 3 3 C at I 107 18 30 42 8 6 G for S at 30 19 108 21 90 18 21 12 30 21 G for M at 6 D at April For New Style Ans. May I at 11h A.M. The Almanacs give 9h 2m A.M. that this method of going back or forwards a number of lunations from a result already calculated is often not so accurate as proceeding direct from the preceding January, though it will be found that there is no difference in the present instance. It will be a useful verifica tion, for those who do not feel confidence in their own results, to run on, in the above mode, to the moon of the next January, and then to calculate that moon separately. The difference in this case may amount to anything under four hours, since each result may have its own error of anything under two hours, and the two errors may be of opposite kinds. These examples will be enough to illustrate the method, and examples with answers may be chosen out of any almanac. I shall now mention the method of filling up the almanacs. Roman Calendar.—The first day of each month being its kalends (k), the last part of the month is reckoned backwards from the kalends of the following. The rest of the month consists in the ides and the days before it, and the nones and the days before it. The various parts of the months are entered under such abbreviations as 14k for the fourteenth day before the kalends, zi for the day (the second day as the Roman reckoning made it) before the ides. The reader must seek further information (if he need it) in works pro- fessedly explanatory of the calendar, or in a classical dictionary. It is to be remembered that in the leap year of this calendar it is the sixth before the calends of March (Feb. 24), which is repeated twice. Sundays. In the English nomenclature Easter Sunday has always the six Sundays in Lent immediately preceding, and the five Here we are nearly two hours wrong; but it must be observed Sundays after Easter immediately following. Of these the nearest THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-INTRODUCTION. xvii to Easter before and after are Palm Sunday and Low Sunday; the farthest before and after are Quadragesima (1st in Lent), and Rogation Sunday (5th after Easter). Preceding all these are, in reverse order, Quinquagesima, Sexagesima, Septuagesima: and fol- lowing them in direct order, are the Sunday after Ascension (Holy Thursday, Thursday five weeks after Easter), Whit Sunday and Tinity Sunday. So that Easter Sunday, as it takes its course through the almanacs, draws after it, as it were, nine Sundays, and pushes eight before it, all of fixed denominations. Looking farther back, every Sunday preceding Septuagesima, but not preceding the fixed day of Epiphany (Jan. 6) is named as of Epiphany or of after Epiphany: the least number of Sundays after Epiphany is one, the greatest number six. Looking farther forwards, all the Sundays following Trinity are named as after Trinity, in succession, until we arrive at the nearest Sunday (be it before or after) to St. Andrew's Dạy (Nov. 30), which is the first Sunday in Advent. The least number of Sundays after Trinity is 22; the greatest, 27. From thence, up to Christmas Day, exclusive, the Sundays are named as in Advent, and from Christmas Day to Epiphany, exclusive, they are named as Christmas Day, or as the first or second Sunday after Christmas. The usage of the Roman Church is the same, and the nomenclature nearly so. The first Sunday after a great feast, as Epiphany or Christmas Day, is named the Sunday within the octave,* the Sunday before Palm Sunday (fifth of Lent) is Passion Sunday, the fifth after Easter is not called Rogation Sunday, but *The octave of any day that day week, the eighth day from it, the day itself reckoning as one. the Rogation days follow; and the Sundays after Trinity Sunday are not reckoned from Trinity Sunday, but from Whit Sunday, or Pentecost. Thus the 10th Sunday after Trinity (English) is the 11th after Pentecost (Roman). On the nomenclature of the Sundays of the Greek Church I can get no information. Law Terms. — By 11 Geo. IV. and i Gul. IV. cap. 70, amended by 1 Gul. IV. cap. 3, the terms are settled as follows. There is nothing to prevent any term beginning on a Sunday (though some of the almanacs do not admit this), but a term must not end on a Sunday; when what would otherwise be the last day is a Sunday, the last day is the following Monday. With this reservation, Hilary term begins January 11 and ends January 31: Michaelmas term begins November 2 and ends November 25. The intervening terms are Easter and Trinity. Easter term begins April 15 and ends May 8; but if this term shall contain one or more of the following days, Good Friday, its Saturday, Easter Monday, Easter Tuesday, then for each such day one day of business (skipping Sunday) shall be added on to and shall form part of the term, beginning to count* those days of business from May 8, exclusive. Trinity term begins May 22, ends June 12; but when Easter term is prolonged, as above, then the beginning and ending of Trinity term are deferred for an equal number of days of business. Cambridge Terms. — Michaelmas, or October, Term begins Oc- *The wording of the acts would, to common apprehensions, admit of a doubt whether, should May 8 be a Sunday, May 9 should not be the last day, from which, exclusive, the additional days of business should be reckoned. But legal habits, I find, interpret the acts as I have stated them. I am not aware that, since 1831, the point has ever arisen in practice. · xviii THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-INTRODUCTION. tober 10, ends December 16. Lent, or January, Term begins January 13, ends the Friday before Palm Sunday. Easter, or Midsummer, Term begins the Wednesday week after Easter Day, and ends on the Friday after Commencement Day, which is the first Tuesday in July. There is no modification in the case of festivals. Each term divides into two equal parts, as marked in the almanacs, dividing at midnight or at noon according as the term contains an even or an odd number of days. Oxford Terms.—When what would otherwise be the first or last day of term is a festival, the day after is to be the beginning or ending of the term: except as to the ending of Easter Term, which is to be the day before. A festival is a Sunday or other day for which there is a special church service; and the festivals (besides Sundays) which interfere with the terms are the Annunciation (March 25), St. Mark (April 25), Sts. Philip and James (May 1), the accession of Charles II. (May 29), St. Barnabas * (June 11), and no others. With the exceptions thus obtained, Michaelmas Term begins October 10, ends December 17; Hilary Term begins January 14, ends the day before Palm Sunday, or the day after, if the day before be a festival; Easter Term begins the Wednesday week after Easter Day, and ends on the day before Whit Sunday; Trinity Term begins the Wednesday after Whit Sunday, and ends the Saturday after the Act, which is the first Tuesday in July. Saints' Days.—With the addition of St. Patrick, the festivals * The reader will find, in all the almanacs for 1851, that the Oxford term begins on St. Barnabas: but this is an error, and such errors are very common. entered in the series of almanacs are those in the calendar of the English Church. But the supplementary almanac, 36, is filled with nothing but saints' days. The selection was made, in the first instance (with the view of procuring the saints most current In the almanacs of the middle ages), by taking all the names which I could find in the almanacs printed in the fifteenth century, or in the_abbreviated verses which the boys of a yet earlier period were made to learn by heart. (See my article On the Earliest Printed Almanacs in the Companion to the Almanac for 1846.) To these are added the names in the English calendar. The few blanks then left were filled up as I judged best from the Martyrology of the Roman Church. A name entered in Italics is one which I found in the old almanacs, but did not afterwards find in the Martyrology, or at least not for the same day. In leap year the Roman calendar is to be followed; the second Feb. 24 is the day of St. Matthias, and so on. Abbreviations.—When, owing to a Sunday, &c., interfering with a day of fixed denomination, the latter is much abbreviated, the reader, if he find the abbreviation difficult, may turn to some neigh- bouring almanac, in which the name is more fully given. Such cases as t. e. for "term ends," &c., need no description; but Hilary (Jan. 13), Catharine (Nov. 25), and O Sapientia (Dec. 17), the printer is always obliged to abbreviate: they are therefore noted here. Mahometan Calendar.-The year 1 of the Hegira began A.D. 642, 642. July 16. This year is of 354 or 355 days, according to a law which it would be useless to describe here. As a general rule, when a Hegiral year begins in a Christian year, the next Hegiral year THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-INTRODUCTION xix 丰 ​begins in the next Christian year. But sometimes a whole Hegiral year is contained within a Christian year (beginning in January and ending in December), so that two successive Hegiral years begin in one and the same Christian year. To state when this happens will enable the reader, so far as year-dates are concerned, to convert Mahometan dates into Christian, and the converse. OLD STYLE. NEW STYLE. A. HEG. A.D. A. HEG. A.D. A. HEG. A.D. A. HEG. A.D. 19-20 640 455-456 1063 891-892 1486 993-994 1585 52-53 672 488-489 1095 925-926 1519 1026-1027 1617 36-87 705 522-523 1128 958-959 1551 1060-1061 1650 119-120 737 555-556 1160 992-993 1584|| 1093-1094 1682 153-154 770 589-590 1193 1025-1026 1616 1127-1128 1715 186-187 802 623-624 1226 1059-1060 1649 1161-1162 1748 220-221 835 656-657 1258 1092-1093 1681 254-255 868 690-691 1291 1126-1127 1714 287-288 900 723-724 1323 1160-1161 1747 321-322 933 757-758 1356 1193-1194 1779 34-355 965 790-791 1388 965 790-791 1388 1227-1228 1812 388-389 998 824-825 1421 1260-1261 1844 431-422 1030 858-859 1454 1194-1195 1780 1228-1229 1813 1261-1262 1845 1295-1296 1878 This table shows, for instance, that the Hegiral years 186 and 187 both begin in A.D. 802. To find the year A.D. in which a given year A. HEG. begins, count year for year from the last Hegiral year of the pair in the above table which precedes the given Hegiral year. Thus (New Style) A. HEG. 1169, seven years in date from 1162, begins seven years in date from 1748, or in 1755. To find the year A.H. in which a year A. D. begins, reverse the preceding process, and subtract one from the result. Thus, to know where A.D. 1693 begins, 11 years in date from 1682 in the table, add 11 to 1094 and subtract 1, which gives 1104. To find roughly the month in which a given year A. HEG. begins, subtract the latter date of the last two which begin in our year A.D., and choose the month written opposite the remaining number in the following list, always taking January and December for the commencements of the pairs in the list. 9, 10, 11 September. 6, 7, 8 October. 31, 32 January. 28, 29, 30 February. 25, 26, 27 March. 23, 24 April. 20, 21, 22 May. 17, 18, 19 June. 14, 15, 16 July. 12, 13 August. 1, 3, 4, 5 November. 2 December. This will be right within a month, and is all that can be done without calculation or an extensive table. Thus the year 1172 of the Hegira (10 removed from 1162) begins in September, by this rule (the true beginning is September 4). The middle numbers are sure enough to give the real month; the extremes not so safe. Thus 16 may be June or July. In the event of this work and the Mahometan reckoning both living till 1878, I would remind the editors of almanacs that two Mahometan years sometimes have their commencements in one Christian year. year. This was entirely forgotten in our almanacs for 1845. ! → 4. 1 } 1 THE BOOK OF ALMANACS. I TABLE I. Old Style Index. SHOWING, for each year of Old Style from A.D. I to A.D. 1900, the Epact, Dominical Letter, and Number of the Almanac. Thus, the years 5, 537, 1069, 1601, Old Style, have the same epact 25, the same dominical letter D, and the same almanac, being number 22 in the list. See the Introduction for the way in which this Index may be continued backwards or forwards. .D. A.D. A.D. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. Epact, A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. 533 1065 1597 11B6 21 553 1085 1617 22E30 41 573 1105 1637 3A 19 534 1066 1598 22A26 22 554 1086 1618 3D15 4.2 574 1106 1638 14G4 34 56 78 535 1067 1599 3G18 23 555 1087 1619 14C7 43 575 1107 1639 25F24 536 1068 1600 14FE2 24 556 1088 1620 25BA26 44 576 1108 1640 6ED 15 537 1069 1601 25D22 538 1070 1602 6C14 539 1071 1603 17B34 540 1072 1604 28AG18 56 7∞ 2 2 2 2 25 26 27 28 557 1089 1621 6G11 45 558 1090 1622 17F31 46 55 577 1109 1641 17C35 578 II10 1642 28B20 559 1091 1623 28E23 47 579 IIII 1643 9A 12 560 1092 1624 9DC7 48 580 1112 1644 20GF31 TO 906 541 1073 1605 9F10 542 1074 1606 20E30 543 1075 1607 1D15 2 544 1076 1608 12CB6 2 33 3 29 561 1093 1625 20B27 49 30 562 1094 1626 1A 19 50 3I 563 1095 1627 12G4 51 32 564 1096 1628 23FE23 52 545 1077 1609 23A26 546 1078 1610 4G18 547 1079 1611 15F3 548 1080 1612 26ED22 Www W 33 565 1097 1629 4D15 53 ** ∞ ∞ 30 100 581 1113 1645 IE16 582 1114 1646 12D8 583 1115 1647 23C28 584 1116 1648 4BA 12 585 1117 1649 15G4 34 566 1098 1630 15C7 54 586 1118 1650 26F24 35 567 1099 1631 26B20 36 568 I 100 1632 7AG11 56 549 1081 1613 7C14 37 569 ΙΙΟΙ 1633 18F31 * 57 550 1082 1614 18B34 *38 570 1102 1634 29E16 58 56780 55 587 1119 1651 7E9 588 1120 1652 18DC28 589 1121 1653 29B20 590 1122 1654 11A5 551 1083 1615 29A 19 39 571 552 1084 1616 11GF10 40 572 1103 1635 1104 1636 11D8 59 591 1123 1655 22G25 22CB27 60 592 1124 1656 3FE16 B 2 THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-OLD STYLE INDEX. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. No. of Almanac. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. ៩៩. 61 593 1125 1657 14D8 89 621 1153 1685 23D29 117 649 1181 1713 3D15 62 594 1126 1658 25C21 90 622 1154 1686 4C14 118 650 1182 1714 14C7 63 595 1127 1659 6B13 91 623 1155 1687 15B6 119 651 1183 1715 25B27 64 596 1128 1660 17AG32 92 624 1156 1688 26AG25 120 652 1184 1716 6AG11 65 597 1129 1661 28F24 93 625 1157 1689 7F10 12 1 653 1185 1717 17F31 66 598 1130 1662 9E9 94 626 1158 1690 18E30 122 654 1186 1718 28E23 67 599 1131 1663 20D29 *95 627 1159 1691 29D22 123 655 1187 1719 9D8 68 600 1132 1664 ICB20 96 628 1160 1692 IICB6 124 656 1188 1720 20CB27 69 601 1133 1665 12A5 97 629 1161 1693 22A26 125 657 1189 1721 1A 19 70 602 1134 1666 23G25 98 630 1162 1694 3G18 126 658 1190 1722 12G4 71 603 1135 1667 4F17 99 631 1163 1695 14F3 127 659 1191 1723 23F24 72 604 1136 1668 I 15ED1 100 632° 1164 1696 25ED22 128 660 1192 1724 4ED15 1 73 605 1 1137 1669 26C21 ΙΟΙ 633 1165 1697 6C14 129 661 1193 1725 15C7 74 606 1138 1670 7B13 102 634 1166 1698 17B34 130 662 1194 1726 26B20 75 607 1139 1671 18A33 103 635 1167 1699 28A19 131 663 1195 1727 7A12 *76 608 1140 1672 29GF17 104 636 1168 1700 9GF10 132 664 1196 1728 18GF31 77 00ง 78 79 80 78 9 0 609 1141 1673 11E9 105 637 1169 1701 20E30 *133 665 1197 1729 29E16 610 1142 1674 22D29 106 638 1170 1702 1D15 134 666 1198 1730 11D8 611 1143 1675 3C14 107 639 1171 1703 12C7 135 667 1199 1731 22C28 612 1144 1676 14BA5 108 640 1172 1704 23 BA26 136 668 1200 1732 3BA1 00 00 00 00 82 83 84 34 (00 00 00 00 81 613 1145 1677 614 1146 615 1147 1679 616 1148 1680 25G25 109 641 1173 1705 4G18 137 669 1201 1733 1404 1678 6F10 IIO 642 1174 1706 15F3 138 670 1202 1734 25F2 17E30 III 643 1175 1707 26E23 139 671 1203 1735 6E1 28DC21 112 644 1176 1708 7DC14 140 672 1204 1736 17DC 85 86 87 88 56 7∞ 617 1149 618 1150 619 1151 1683 1681 9B13 113 645 1177 1709 18B34 141 673 1205 1737 28B2 1682 20A26 *114 646 1178 1710 29A 19 142 674 1206 1738 9A1 IG18 115 647 1179 1711 IIGII 143 675 1207 1739 20G3 | 620 1152 1684 12FE9 116 648 1180 1712 22FE30 144 676 1208 1740 IFE THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.--OLD STYLE INDEX. 3 t Epact, A.D. A.D. A.D. Dom. Letter, and A.D. No. of Almanac. A.D. A.D. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. 677 1209 1741 12D8 173 705 1237 1769 22 D29 201 678 1210 1742 23C28 174 706 1238 1770 3C14 733 1265 202 734 1266 1797 1D15 1798 12C7 14 679 1211 1743 4B13 175 707 1239 1771 14B6 203 735 1267 1799 23B27 148 680 1212 1744 15AG4 176 708 1240 1772 25AG25 204 736 1268 1800 4AG18 149 681 1213 1745 26F24 177 709 1241 1773 6F10 205 737 1269 1801 15F3 150 682 1214 1746 7E9 178 710 1242 1774 17E30 206 738 1270 1802 26E23 151 683 1215 1747 18D29 179 711 1243 1775 28D22 207 739 1271 1803 7D15 *152 684 1216 1748 29CB20 180 712 1244 1776 9CB13 208 740 1272 1804 18CB24 153 685 1217 1749 11A5 154 686 1218 1750 22G25 155 687 1219 1751 3F17 156 688 1220 1752 14ED8 ∞ ∞ ∞ 00 181 713 1245 1777 20A26 *209 741 1273 1805 29A 19 182 714 1246 1778 IG18 210 742 1274 1806 11G11 183 715 1247 1779 12 F10 211 743 1275 1807 22F24 184 716 1248 1780 23 ED29 212 744 1276 1808 3ED15 157 689 1221 1753 25C21 185 717 1249 1781 4C14 213 745 1277 1809 14C7 I 690 1222 1754 6B13 186 718 1250 1782 15B6 • 214 746 1278 1810 25B27 I 691 1223 1755 17A33 187 719 1251 1783 26A26 215 747 1279 1811 6A12 I 692 1224 1756 28GF24 188 720 1252 1784 7GF10 216 748 1280 1812 17GF31 161 693 1225 1757 9E9 189 721 1253 1785 18E30 217 749 1281 1813 28E23 167 694 163 695 164 696 456 1226 1758 20D29 *190 722 1254 1786 29D22 218 750 1282 1814 9D8 1227 1759 IC21 191 723 1255 1787 11C7 219 751 1283 1815 20C28 1228 1760 12 BA5 192 724 1256 1788 22BA26 220 752 1284 1816 IBA 19 164 697 1229 1761 23G25 193 725 1257 1789 3G18 221 753 1285 1817 12G4 160 698 1230 1762 4F17 194 726 1258 1790 14F3 222 754 1286 1818 23F24 167 699 1231 1763 15E2 195 727 1259 1791 25E23 223 755 1287 1819 4E16 168 700 1232 1764 26DC21 196 728 1260 1792 6DC14 224 756 1288 1820 15DC7 τός 701 1233 1765 7B13 197 729 1261 1793 17B34 225 757 1289 1821 26B20 179 702 1234 1766 18A33 198 730 1262 1794 28A 19 226 758 1290 1822 7A12 *171 703 1235 1767 29G18 199 731 1263 1795 9G11 227 172 704 1236 1768 11FE9 200 732 1264 1796 20FE30 *228 759 1291 1823 760 1292 1824 18G32 29FE16 1 4 THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-OLD STYLE INDEX. ! A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. Ebact, Dom. Letter, and No. of ALanac. 229 761 1293 1825 IID8 230 762 1294 1826 22C28 257 789 258 790 1322 1854 1321 1853 20D29 *285 817 1349 1881 29Da IC21 286 818 1350 1882 11C 231 763 1295 1827 3B13 259 791 1323 1855 12B6 287 819 1351 1883 22B27 232 764 1296 1828 14AG4 260 792 1324 1856 23AG25 288 820 1352 1884 3AG18 233 765 1297 1829 25F24 261 793 1325 1857 4F17 289 821 1353 1885 14F3 234 766 1298 1830 6E16 262 794 1326 1858 15E2 290 822 1354 1886 25E23 235 767 1299 1831 17D29 263 795 1327 1859 26D22 291 823 1355 1887 6D15 236 768 1300 1832 28CB20 264 796 1328 1860 7CB13 292 824 1356 1888 17CB34 237 769 1301 1833 9A12 265 797 1329 1861 18A33 293 825 1357 1889 28A19 238 770 1302 1834 20G32 *266 798 1330 1862 29G18 294 826 1358 1890 9Gri 239 771 1303 1835 IF17 267 799 1331 1863 Fro 295 827 1359 1891 20F31 240 772 1304 1836 12ED8 268 800 1332 1864 22ED29 296 828 1360 1892 ELIS 241 773 1305 1837 23C28 269 801 1333 1865 3C14 297 242 774 1306 1838 4B13 270 802 1334 1866 14B6 298 829 830 ao 2 3 1361 1893 12C7 1362 1894 23B27 243 775 1307 1839 15A5 271 803 1335 1867 244 776 1308 1840 26GF24 272 804 1336 1868 25A26 6GF10 299 831 1363 1895 4A 300 832 1364 1896 15GF 245 777 1309 1841 7E9 273 805 1337 1869 17E30 301 246 778 1310 1842 18D29 274 806 1338 1870 28D22 302 *247 779 1311 1843 29C21 275 807 1339 1871 9C7 248 780 1312 1844 11BA5 276 808 1340 1872 20BA26 303 *304 249 781 1313 1845 22G25 277 809 1341 1873 IG18 305 250 782 1314 1846 3F17 278 810 1342 1874 12F10 251 783 1315 1847 14E2 279 811 1343 1875 23E23 306 307 252 784 253 785 1317 1316 1848 25DC21 280 812 1344 1876 4DC14 308 ∞ ∞ ∞ 00 00 00 ∞ ∞ 833 1365 1897 26E23 834 835 W W W 836 456 1366 1898 7D15 1367 1899 18C28 1368 1900 29BA 19 837 838 78 33 1369 IIGII 1370 22F24 839 1371 3E16 840 1372 14DC7 1849 6B13 281 813 1345 254 786 1318 1850 17A33 282 255 787 1319 1851 28G18 283 815 814 1346 1877 15B6 309 841 1373 25B27 1878 26A26 310 842 1374 6A+2 1347 1879 7G11 311 843 1375 17G32 256 788 1320 1852 9FE9 284 816 1348 1880 18FE30 312 844 1376 28FE23 I THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-OLD STYLE INDEX. 5 A.D. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. A.D. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. A.D. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. A.D. A.D. Epact. Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac 3143 845 1377 314 846 1378 9D8 20C28 * 341 873 1405 342 874 1406 18D29 29C21 3.5 847 1379 1B20 343 875 1407 11B6 316 848 1380 12AG4 344 876 1408 22AG25 369 901 370 902 371 903 1435 372 904 1433 28D22 397 929 1461 7D15 1434 9C7 398 930 1462 18C28 20B27 *399 931 1463 29B20 1436 1AG18 4.00 932 1464 11AGII 317 849 1381 23F24 345 348 850 1382 4E16 346 319 851 1383 15D1 347 330 852 1384 26CB20 348 ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ 877 14.09 3F17 373 905 1437 12F10 401 933 1465 22F24 878 14.10 14E2 374 906 1438 23E23 402 934 1466 3E16 879 1411 25D22 375 907 1439 4D15 403 935 1467 14D8 880 1412 6CB13 321 322 *323 324 325 326 327 328 ** 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 853 1385 7A12 349 881 1413 17A33 854 1386 18G32 350 882 1414 28G18 376 908 1440 377 909 1441 378 910 1442 15CB6 404 936 1468 25CB27 26A26 405 7G11 406 56 937 1469 6A 12 938 1470 17G32 855 1387 29F17 35I 883 1415 9F10 379 911 1443 18F31 407 939 1471 28F24 856 1388 11ED8 352 884 1416 20ED29 *380 912 1444 29ED22 408 940 1472 9ED8 857 1389 22C28 353 885 1417 IC21 858 1390 3B13 354 886 1418 12B6 33 381 913 1445 11C7 409 94I 1473 20C28 382 914 1446 22B27 410 942 1474 1B20 859 1391 14A5 355 887 1419 23A26 383 915 1447 3A 19 411 943 1475 12A5 860 1392 25GF24 356 888 1420 4GF17 384 916 1448 14GF3 412 944 1476 23GF24 329 861 1393 6E16 357 889 1421 15E2 330 862 1394 17D29 358 890 1422 26D22 331 863 1395 28C21 359 891 1423 7C14 3/32 864 1396 9BA 12 360 892 1424 18BA33 ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ 385 917 1449 25E23 413 945 1477 4E16 386 918 1450 6D15 387 919 1451 17C35 388 920 1452 28BA 19 3:33 865 1397 20G32 *361 334 866 1398 IF17 MMM en en en 335 867 1399 12E9 336 868 1400 23DC28 mmm 362 363 364 |00 00 00 00 893 1425 29G18 389 921 1453 9G11 414 946 1478 415 947 1479 416 948 1480 417 949 1481 I 15D1 26C21 7BA 12 18G32 894 1426 IIFIC 390 922 1454 20F31 *418 950 1482 29F17 895 896 56 1427 22E30 391 923 1455 1E16 419 951 1483 11E9 1428 3DC 14 392 924 1456 12DC7 420 952 1484 22DC28 337 338 1.80 869 1401 4B13 897 365 1429 14B6 393 925 1457 23B27 42 I 953 1485 3B13 870 1402 15A5 366 898 1430 25A26 394 926 1458 4A 12 422 954 1486 14A5 339 871 1403 26G25 367 899 1431 6G11 395 927 1459 15G4 423 955 1487 25G25 340 872 1404 7FE9 368 900 1432 17FE30 396 928 1460 26FE23 424 956 1488 6FE16 6 THE BOOK OF ALMANACS.-OLD STYLE INDEX. Epact, Epact, A.D. A.D. A.D. Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. A.D. A.D. Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. A.D A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. A.D. A.D. Epac Dom. Lett, and No. of Almanac. 425 957 1489 426 958 1490 17D29 28C21 453 454 427 959' 1491 9B13 455 987 1519 ∞ ∞ ∞ 985 1517 26D22 481 1013 1545 6D15 509 1041 1573 986 1518 7C14 482 1014 1546 17C35 510 1042 1574 18B34 483 1015 1547 28B20 511 1043 1575 15D1 26C21 7B13 428 960 1492 20AG32 *456 988 1520 29AG18 484 1016 1548 9AGII 512 1044 1576 18AG32 429 961 1493 IF17 457 989 1521 IIFIO 485 1017 1549 20F31 430 962 1494 12E9 458 990 1522 22E30 486 1018 1550 1E16 *513 1045 1577 29F1 514 1046 1578 11E9 43I 963 1495 23D29 459 991 1523 3D15 487 1019 1551 12D8 515 1047 1579 22D29 4.32 964 1496 4CB13 460 992 1524 14CB6 488 1020 1552 23CB27 516 1048 1580 3CB13 433 965 1497 15A5 461 993 1525 25A26 489 102 I 1553 4A 12 517 1049 1581 434 966 1498 26G25 462 994 1526 6GII 490 1022 1554 15G4 518 1050 1582 14A5 25G25 435 967 1499 7F10 463 995 1527 17F31 491 1023 1555 26F24 519 1051 1583 6F1Q 436 968 1500 18ED29 464 996 |❘ 1528 28ED22 492 1024 1556 7ED15 520 1052 1584 17ED20 *437 969 1501 29C21 465 997 1529 9C7 493 1025 1557 18C28 521 1053 1585 28C21 438 970 1502 IIB6 466 998 1530 20B27 * *494 1026 1558 29B20 522 1054 1586 9B13 439 971 1503 22A26 467 999 1531 1A 19 495 1027 1559 11A5 523 1055 1587 20A26 440 972 1504 3GF17 468 1000 1532 12GF10 496 1028 1560 22GF24 524 1056 1588 IGFIT 44I 973 1505 14E2 469 100 1 1533 23E23 497 1029 1561 3E16 525 1057 1589 12E9 44.2 974 1506 25D22 470 1002 1534 4D15 498 1030 1562 14D8 526 1058 1590 23D29 443 975 1507 6C14 471 1003 1535 15C7 499 1031 1563 25C21 527 1059 1591 4C14 981 449 450 ·00 00 00 00 980 444 976 1508 445 977 1509 446 978 1510 447 979 1511 448 17BA33 472 1004 1536 26BA26 500 1032 1564 6BA 12 528 тобо 1592 15BA5 28G18 473 1005 1537 7G11 501 1033 1565 17G32 529 1061 1593 26G25 9F10 474 1006 1538 18F31 502 1034 1566 28F24 530 1062 1594 7F10 20E30 *475 1007 1539 29E16 503 1035 1567 9E9 531 1063 1595 18E30 1512 JDC21 476 1008 1540 11DC7 504 1036 1568 20DC28 532 1064 1596 29DC21 1513 12B6 477 1009 1541 22B27 505 1037 1569 1B20 982 1514 23A26 478 IOIO 1542 3A19 506 1038 1570 12A5 45I 983 1515 4G18 479 1011 1543 14G4 507 1039 1571 23G25 452 984 1516 15FE2 480 10 12 1544 25FE23 508 1040 1572 4FE16 | THE BOOK OF ALMANACS. 7 f: TABLE II. New Style Index. Showing, for each year of New Style, from A.D. 1582 to A.D. 2000, the Epact, Dominical Letter, and Number of the Almanac. Thus, the year 1588, New Style, has the epact 2, the dominical letters CB, and the almanac numbered 27 in the list. Epact, A.D. Dom. Letter, and A.D. No. of Almanac. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. A.D. Epact, Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. Epact, A.D. Dom. Letter, and No. of Almanac. 1597 12E16 1613 8F17 1629 5G25 1645 2A26 1661 29B27 #582 26C28 1598 23D1 1614 19E9 1630 16F10 1646 13G11 1662 10A 19 583 7B20 1599 4C21 *1615 1D29 1631 27E30 1647 24F31 1663 21G4 1584 18AGII 1600 15BA12 1616 12CB13 1632 8DC21 1648 5ED22 1664 2FE23 1585 29F31 1601 26G32 1617 23A5 1633 19B6 1649 16C14 1665 13D15 1586 10E16 1602 7F17 1618 4G25 *1634 1A26 1650 27B27 1666 24C35 1587 21D8 1603 18E9 1619 15F10 1635 12G18 1651 8A 19 1667