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VIVIDA VIS.
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1709
ADATE'S BOOK STO
142 MICHIGAN AVE
DETROIT.
PHONE
HISTORY
از
OF THE
University and Colleges
!
OF
CAMBRIDGE;
INCLUDING
NOTICES
OP
THE FOUNDERS AND EMINENT MEN.
By G. DYER, A.B.
FORMERLY OF EMMANUEL COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.
ILLUSTRATED BY
A SERIES OF ENGRAVINGS.
IN TWO VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
London:
PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN;
SHERWOOD, NEELY, AND JONES,
PATERNOSTER-ROW;
AND DEIGHTON AND SONS, CAMBRIDGE.
1
1814.

J. G. BARNARD,
SKINNER-STREET, LONDON.
1
:
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PETER House.
Clare Hall.....
Jesus College
VOLUME THE SECOND.
Pembroke Hall
Corpus Christi, or Bene't College
Trinity Hall....
Queen's College.
Catharine Hall
King's College
Christ's College
St. John's College
Magdalen College
Trinity College..
Emmanuel College
Gonvile and Caius College
Sidney Sussex College
Downing College......
Appendix
230904
.
Page
1
33
59
94
113
132
145
166
180
211
. 226
268
282
344
397
423.
440
448

Drawn & Eng by J. Greig
St Peters College
HISTORY, &c.
HISTORY OF THE COLLEGES.
PETER HOUSE.
IN treating of particular colleges, those which take pre-
cedency in the order of time, naturally claim priority in
our attention: we should begin, then, with Peter House.
There are, however, those this should be just hinted
who speak of St. John's as the oldest endowed a insti-
tution in Cambridge: and, considered as an endowed re-
ligious house, St. John's Hospital certainly existed, and
on the present site of St. John's College, in what was
called the Jewry, before the present literary foundation of
St. Peter's: Michael House, also, had statutes before

* Both Mr. Baker and Mr. Cole, I think, speak thus.-Mr. B. also
observes, that Will. de Kilkenny, Bishop of Ely, gave the priory of
Barnewell £.200 to found two divinity lectures, and therefore he calls it
the first endowment for exhibitions. MS. Hist. of St. John's.-Will. de
Kilkenny was Hugh de Balsham's predecessor in the bishopric of Ely,
VOL. II,
B
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
3
Peter House. But as a literary institution, incorporated
by royal charter-the more modern sense of the word
college-the most ancient is undoubtedly St. Peter's.
The founder, then, of this college, was Hugh de
Balsham, bishop of Ely. Parkera dates the foundation
1280, (as does Dr. Caius,) and is followed by Carter, who
is corrected by Smyth, with the following additional
hints:
"The charter of foundation was in 1283, and it was
not founded till the year after. Mr. Wharton speaks of
this foundation as begun before the founder became
bishop; and it was so plainly, if that is exact that he adds,
that a charter of the king's is extant, to the master and
scholars, dated May 15, 1274; but 74 I take to be a
mistake for 84." It should be observed, that Balsham
had placed students here several years before, and, that
his election to the bishopric was confirmed by the Pope
in 1257. The commemoration paper of Peter House has
its date 1284.
b
с
I almost incline to believe, and I humbly submit it for
consideration, as this state of the business would recon-
cile the contradictory accounts, mentioned in the noted,
a Mr. Richard Parker's History of Cambridge, p. 34.
b MS. Notes in Carter's History of Cambridge, p. 18.
c Godwin. de Præsul. Angl. p. 257. Ed. Richardson.
Nor is
a The passage in Wharton is as follows: Prima autem ejusdem quæ
occurrit mentio indubia habetur in carta regia data custodi et scholari-
bus Domus Petri, 1274 15 Maii. Anglia Sacra, vol. i. p. 637.
Wharton in a mistake; there does exist a public instrument of that date,
addressed, Custodi & scholaribus domus Petri, and dated, anno regni
2ndo nempe (Edw. Imi.) which is certainly 1274. Teste meipso apud
´Westmonasterium, quinto decimo die Maii, anno regni nostri secundo.
Per ipsum Regem.
From the Archives of Peter House.
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
that there might be different charters, and that the one of
1284, when the secular brothers of St. John's were intro-
duced, might confirm and complete the former, and so be
made the entire charter of foundation. This was the ex-
act case with Merton, the most ancient college at Ox-
ford. Their first charter is, Jan. 7, 1264; the second in
1270, and the third, which completed the two former was,
in 1274'. There is a still further analogy in the two
cases. The house of Merton, settled in 1270, is entitled
Domus Scholarium de Merton; and in the royal instru-
ment of 1274, Peter House is called Domus Scholarium
This instrument, indeed, does not appear in the Rotula Parliamentorum,
nor in Rymer's Fœdera; still such an instrument exists-for I have seen it
-I am surprised, after Caius had made more than one mistake, for he
describes this latter paper, as dated 1273, and the complete foundation
in 1280, that Mr. Smyth should not have been more curious and exact
on the subject, as he had resided much at Cambridge, and still more Mr.
Baker, who was a constant resident; for, it appears, that Mr. Baker
himself had not seen it. He says, (MS. Account of St. John's College,)
"If any such were, it must have been made to them, whilst they were
yet in the old house; for it is very certain, both from the original instru-
ment of partition, by Hugh Balsham, as well as from the instruments of
submission to his arbitrament, both by the brethren and scholars, that
they were not removed to Peter House, till 1284." He goes on, "But
I cannot but suspect there is some mistake.” But there is, at least, no
mistake in Wharton's date of 1274; and it is certain, that it concerns
Domus Petri, though it still appears, from Baker's account, that the se-
culars of St. John were not removed to St. Peter's till 1284. And if this
is considered the date of its complete foundation, it must be considered
as younger than Merton College, Oxford, by ten years. Peter House
was to be founded, secundum regulam scholarium Oxon: qui de Merton
vocantur.
a The Ancient and Present State of the University of Oxford, by John
Ayliffe, L.L.D. p. 272.
b These several charters are in the register book of Merton College,
and the originals, therefore, are most probably among the archives.
1
B 2
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
Petri; and it should be still further recollected, that the
king himself recommended to Hugo de Balsham, to make
his house of Peter conformably to that of Merton. At all
events, this latter circumstance settles, in the order of time,
the precedency of Merton College, as an endowed literary
house, by royal charter, above that of Peter House a. In
the register of Durham is a copy of the Merton statutes,
bearing date 1274; and this copy is, probably, as old as
the original, it being entered on the oldest book in the
church b.
a This again shews, that Caius' is mistaken once more in what he says
of the relative antiquity of the two colleges. Hist. Acad. Cant. p. 57.
b A witness, adds Baker, that cannot lie. See Baker's MS. Account
of the Canonry of St. John's.
Among the archives of this college of St. Peter's is another very an-
cient instrument, a deed of convention between St. John's and the Car-
melites, or Monks de Penitentia Jesu, by virtue of which the latter paid
the former twenty shillings a year: and I think it is paid to this day.
Mr. Baker observes, (MS. Hist. of St. John's Hospital, p. 23.) that the
original submission of the master and scholars of St. Peter's is among
the archives of the University: according to this, the church of St.
Mary's (to which the dispute related) was to continue in possession of
St. Peter's, but with equitable considerations; and as a compensation to
the brother's of St. John's, it was ordered, that St. Peter's should pay
St. John's twenty shillings a year, as before mentioned. Mr. B. observes,
somewhere in this History, that Hugh Norwood, Bishop of Ely, A. 1246,
procured an exemption from taxing two houses of canons regular, be-
longing to St. John's, near Peter House; which I mention for the sake
of adding in the proper place, what I noticed before, that Mr. B. ob-
serves, this is the first time he reads of a chancellor. It, however, oc-
curs several years before, in Hare's Collections, viz. in the Literæ Re-
giæ, (15 Hen. III.) and in Pope Gregory's Rescript, the same year, in
the regular course of business, and not as the name of an officer newly
established.
From what has been said above, it is clear, that the question, where was
the first college founded, at Cambridge, or Oxford? is but a hair-breadth
dispute, to which a certain verbiage has given too much of substance,
and into which the perplexing of religious houses with colleges endowed
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
5
Hugh de Balsham, or Bedesale, then, for he is called
by both names, the founder of this college, was a native
of Balsham, or rather, perhaps, a scholar of the convent
there it being usual to call persons who arrived at any
eminence, from the convents where they were educated.
He became afterwards a monastic of the convent of Ely,
of which, in a course of time, he was superior.
Balsham is near Gogmagog Hills, a few miles to the
south-east of Cambridge. Camden, speaking, after Henry
of Huntingdon, of Gogmagog Hills, describes them as
the pleasant hills of Balsham, from a village near them a
where the Danes committed all imaginable barbarities.
,
In the monkish times, the prior and convent commonly
chose the bishop, though with a conge d'elire from the
king, and a confirmation from the pope; and, accordingly
on the death of William de Kilkenny, in 1256, the con-
vent of Ely proposed to exercise this right in choosing
their sub-prior to succeed him.
by charter, has introduced some confusion. It is clear, too, that the latter
were erected, both at Cambridge and Oxford, nearly about the same
time. Dr. Caius places Peter House before Merton, and Dr. Fuller
places Baliol before Merton, and making Peter House before Baliol,
and a fortiori before Merton, he says, it is confest, that Simon Montagu,
the 17th Bishop of Ely, more than sixty years after Balsham's death,
enjoined our Petreans the observation of Merton College statutes; and
this, he says, makes nothing in point of antiquity. Hist. of Cambridge,
p. .33. The fact, however, is, that the order had been given to Hugo
himself, and this makes every thing in point of antiquity. Pat. 9 Edw. I.
Im. 28. Antony Wood places the order of his colleges, in point of anti-
quity, thus; University College, Baliol, Merton: but properly adds,
Collegio isti primus, ut antedictum, locus debetur, si dotationis uberri-
mæ, et academicæ societatis, ex præsenti rerum statu æstimatæ, ratio
habeatur. Hist. & Antiq. Oxon, p. 85.
■ Brit. p. 436. Ed. 1600.
6
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
We have many instances in the history of our church,
where this privilege excited great contention between
religious houses, and the king or pope, or archbishop,
and sometimes even with all. In the present case, the
king violently opposed the appointment, and it was not
approved by the archbishop, who also wished himself to
have put in another person.
The king, it seems, thought that as Ely was a strongly
fortified place, a monk might not be soldier enough for a
bishop; for bishops then might be true episcopi militan-
tes, and might fight as well as pray; and clerics held the
highest civil offices, together with the religious.
Great in the bench, great in the saddle,
That could as well bind o'er as swaddle,
Mighty he was at both of these,
And styled of war, as well as peace.
Hudibras.
Whatever the cause, the king, by his letters, requested the
Prior and Convent to choose Henry of Wingham his
chancellor, for their bishop. The Archbishop of Can-
terbury was for Adam, the author of some treatises at the
* In Lambarde's Perambulations of Kent, p. 202, is the account of a
regular battle between the monks of Feversham, and the king, or the
"When
sheriff in his name, about the patronage of the church there.
the king understood of that, he commanded the sheriffe of the shyre, to
levie the power of his countie, and to restore his presentee; which com-
maundment the officer endeavoured to put in execution accordingly:
but such was the courage of these holy hoorsons, that before the sheriffe
could bring it to passe, he was driven to winne the churche by assault,
in the which he hurt and wounded divers of them, and drewe and
haled the reste out of the doores, by the haire and heeles."
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
7
b
time greatly celebrated; but the Abbot and Convent
were resolute for their sub-prior; and the contest became
violent. The Convent chose Hugo de Balsham; the
king set aside the appointment, and laid waste the fields
and groves about the bishopric ". But an appeal being
made to the Court of Rome, the choice of the Prior and
Convent was at length confirmed, and Hugo de Balsham
accordingly consecrated Bishop of Ely in 1257: and
thus he became tenth bishop of Ely.
His college of Peter House (for we must return to
that) was formed out of two ancient hostels, in forming
which it is generally allowed that Balsham originally
composed it of different materials, partly collected on
the spot, and partly introduced from a neighbouring
society. On the spot were the Friars of Penance and of
Jesus Christ: so Carter. Smyth adds, "They were the
Friars of Penance of Jesus Christ, and Friars Hospital-
lers of St. John; as another account:" and the truth is,
it was no uncommon thing for a religious house to be
characterized by two, or even, as the nunnery of St.
Rhadegund was, by three names. Those introduced
from a neighbouring society were the seculars belonging
to the canons regular of St. John's, who had, it seems,
too much religion to agree well together. So Hugh
took the old twig, split from the parent tree, and en-
grafted it on his new plant: and thus, under his fostering
•Godwin de præsul. &c. 257.
b Ibid.
- Caius, though he speaks of two hostels, yet writes, at the same time,
as though there was but one religious house, Fratres de pænitentia Jesu
Christi. Hist. Cantab. Lib. i. p. 54.
8
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
hand, they grew up together a new tree with a new
name, and with more of amicable society.
Miraturq. novas frondes, et non sua poma.
Virg.
Hugo de Balsham, it is said, founded also an hospital
at Cambridge; at least it should seem, that he was a
patron to the Friars de Pænitentia, &c. long before they
were received into the college, for he procured for them
another rule beside what they already had, the rule of
St. Augustine.
Our bishop, beside his services to religious houses, and
his founding of this College, benefited, as it was sup-
posed, at that time, the University at large, which, as
Bishop of Ely, he could then do, by granting privileges
and exemptions. He also settled the dispute between
the Chancellor of the University and Archdeacon of
Ely. He died at Dodington, in the Isle of Ely, June,
1286, two years, according to the statement of Bishop
Godwin, after the foundation of the College, and was
buried near the high altar in Ely church, Engelthorp,
the bishop of Rochester, performing over him the funeral
rites: there is a portrait of Hugo de Balsham in the
hall of the College.
We
may suppose, then, the Bishop's predominant aim,
in the founding of this College, might be for the promo-
tion of polite literature in his diocese, and the preserving
a 3 Edw. I. A. D. 1275-1276. Hare's MS. `Index. Scriptum Domini
Hugonis Eliensis Episcopi, &c. Aliud Scriptum Ejusdem Hugonis,
&c.
b Bentham's History &c. of the Conventual and Cathedral Church of
Ely, p. 150, 1st edit.
i
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
9
of students from the expenses incurred at hostels: a great
improvement, as it was thought, on the ancient plan.
For the advancement of his views, we have seen him
bring two ancient hostels, and uniting them together with
the seculars of St. John's in one college ª.
a
Both 'lay in Trumpington Street, which then was a
considerable distance from the town gate, near what
was called then St. Peter's Church, though since (from
about 1352) changed to Little St. Mary's". On the site.
of these hostels he formed his new establishment, for one
Master, fourteen Students, two Students in Divinity,
and eight poor Scholars.
Having thus enlarged somewhat on our founder,. I
have the less room to particularize on all the benefactors;
and as their several names are distinctly repeated on com→
memoration days, and duly recorded in some Histories of
Cambridge, there is no danger of their being buried in
oblivion, though not noticed in the present History.
Positive benefits, whether conferred on individuals or
societies, when derived from the benevolent feelings or
private funds of benefactors, are entitled to respectful
mention. But are we not too fond of flourishing with
great names? and do we not often bestow that virtue to
a Thomas Baker observes," Caius has fallen into a mistake, who dis-
covers an hostel of secular brethren of St. John, whereto he allots a
share in the site of this; whereas it could be no distinct hostel from
these two belonging to the regulars, who in our old deeds and instru-
ments are frequently called Fratres, and Clerici Seculares, and who
seem to have been so in their original foundation, and might have con-
tinued so, had not Innocent IV. given them what he indeed says they
had before, the more honourable style and title of Canons, according
to the order of St. Austin." MS. Hist. of Canons Regular of St. John's.
b St. Peter's fell down, and St. Mary's de Gratia was built on the same
site.
渣
​Կեր
10
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
benefactions, to which they have no proper claims? I
cannot forbear copying the following short list of be-
nefactors from Carter, with a few alterations and addi-
tions. "John de Hotham, Simon Montague, or Monta-
cute, Thomas de L'Isle, (Thomas de Insula, in Registro
suo) Simon Langham, and John Fordham, bishops of
Ely; the first of whom gave the College the rectory,
lands, &c. in Triplow, in this county, with lands called
Chewell, in Haddenham, in the same county: and hav-
ing made void the statutes of the founder, A. D. 1338,
he gave them others more beneficial. The fourth of the
foregoing bishops gave them the rectory of Cherry-
Hinton in the same county."
**
"Sir Rob. de Thorpe, Chanc. of England, gave 40
marks: William de Whittlesey, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, Master, left his library to the College: Ralph
Walpole, Bishop of Ely, gave them two tenements in
Cambridge: John de Bottlesham, Bishop of Rochester,
Master, gave 201. and all his law-books to the library,
and gave 201. to each of the other colleges, and the same
to the University."
What other benefits the four first of these benefactors
conferred, matters not: I know of none; but the reader
will observe that their benefactions recorded above were
church property; and they are introduced in due form by
those who have written the lives of our monkish prelates,
Bishop Godwin and Mr. Wharton, and others: and
T. Baker, who is apt to overflow with gratitude at every
thing like a benefaction, gives a minute account of the
above-mentioned Bishop Fordham, as a considerable be-
nefactor, by appropriating to the College the church of
Cherry-Hinton, March 20, 1395, though, by Baker's
own account, he only confirmed Langham's Grant. On
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
11
!
the death of a former incumbent, Barnet, Langham's
successor in Elyª, nulled the grant, and a new incum-
bent was invested with that living; but on the scholars
setting forth their impoverished state, &c. he, Fordham,
&c. taking compassion on their case, did effectually
invest them with this church. In the case of Bottlesham,
Bishop of Rochester, there is a little more reason for his
pomp of words: "This is that John de Bottlesham,
who, in the Missa pro Benefactoribus, stands thus re-
corded:-Item pro animâ mag. Joh. de Bottlesham
Epise. Roff. qui dedit communi cista Universitatis 201.
dedit insuper cuilibet collegio 201. & præter hæc con-
tulit collegio sancti Petri omnes libros suos juris canonici
& civilis, et multa alia bona fecit, & fieri procuravit."-
Baker's MSS. Brit. Mus.
We see at how cheap a rate monasteries and other
religious and literary institutions were formed into rich
endowments. Had I been some father Olivarez (I
allude to a burlesque Irish sermon), in monkish times, I
would never have prayed" any man's soul out of purga-
tory," for charities that cost him nothing of his own.
Other benefactors succeeded; and particularly several
who were Masters: among whom were Drs. Holbroke,
Perne, Cosins, Hale, and Beaumont. These endowed
the College with fellowships, and considerable sums for
scholarships, together with the rectory of Glayston, in
Such-like
Rutlandshire, and Knapton, in Norfolk.
benefactions are correctly known to those who are most
interested in them; and it is difficult so to treat of these
a Blomefield (Collect. Cantab. p. 1, 2) gives a very innaccurate ac-
count of these matters, as will appear by comparing it with the bishop's
succession in Godwin. de Præsul. Ang. p. 265, 266.
12
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
matters so as to make them interesting to others: so I need
not dwell further on the subject.
Formerly the portraits of the above benefactors, to-
gether with some of the Masters, as low down as 1578,
with appropriate mottos, were hung round the Combina-
tion-room, in company with those of Edward I. and Bal-
sham, the founder. They are now removed to the Li-
brary. That under Edward's and Balsham's were neat
and appropriate enough. Edward, as having given the
Deed of License in 1283, had-
Omnia cum curat princeps, non ultima cura est,
Si pius est, artes sustinuisse bonas.
That under Balsham's-
Utere Divitiis, si te Fortuna bearit,
Hac iter ad cœlum est, sic tibi dives eris.
Dr. John Perne's, who died Dean of Ely, A. 1589,
and who, as we have already seen, built the Library,
was---
Bibliotheca, Libri, reditus, pulcherrima Donă,
Perne, Pium Musis, te, Philomuse, probant.
They may be all seen in Blomefield, though they are
removed now from the paintings, and the paintings them-
selves also are removed from the combination-room into
the library and wisely enough; for--to say nothing of
the vilest errors of the press, in Blomefield, both the
Greek and some of the Latin mottos had false quanti-
ties; even that as late as 1530 had—-
Proximus ille Deo, qui paret rectè monenti.
a * Collectanea, p. 158. edit, of 1751.
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
13
They might, indeed, remind one of the portraits of the
ancient kings of Scone, in Holy-rood House, Edinburgh,
which, it is said, were all done by the same artist: for it
seems probable, that most of the above mottos were
written by the same person, and at the same time: this,
too, may have been the case with the paintings them-
selves a
For the same reason that I pass lightly over benefac-
tions, I omit church livings, and proceed to other mat-
ters.
It was not till long after the College was founded that
they possessed a chapel; for in the registry of Ely,
A. 1988, the Bishop grants a licence to the Master and
Fellows of Peter House, to hear divine service, and ex-
ercise other divine offices, in their chapel, within the same
house, which was before performed in St. Mary's
Church. The chapel was built, on the present plan, in
• Among these paintings was formerly one, which some antiquaries,
perhaps, might have prized, beyond any of the preceding, that of the
two old Hostels: but it is missing. It had under it this inscription-
Hæc bina fuerunt Scholasticorum Hospitia, in quæ fratres Seculares
extra Hospitale Divi Johannis traducebantur, quorum loco hoc Colle»
gium est ædificatum :
Quâ præit Oxonium Cancestria longa Vetustas,
Primitus a Petri dicitur orsa Deo.
These lines might be received by some, perhaps, as an argument in
favour of the superior antiquity of this College to Merton; but they
would be hasty, for the reasons above-mentioned, and from what will
hereafter appear: so, with my perfect good-will, Mertonians may still
adopt the words, though but of more modern date, on the monument of
their founder, in Rochester Cathedral: Unius exemplo, omnium quot
extant Collegiorum Fundatori.
1
14
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
1632, and consecrated by Archbishop White; the MS.
form of the consecration is in Caius College Library.
I may pass the benefactors to the latter chapel, with
the better grace, because a very curious table of them,
and their donations, may be seen on the north side of the
chapel; and it is copied at full length in Blomefield's
Collectanea.
The east window of this chapel is much admired: it
contains the History of Christ's Passion, and is well
preserved. During the disturbances in the civil wars, so
fatal to the pictures and buildings at Cambridge, and
more particularly of this House, it was concealed in
boxes, which were long kept afterwards, and served the
purpose of railing to the communion table.
This College, our first in antiquity, happens also to be
the first in situation, on our entrance into Cambridge
from London. No part of the old building remains,
except we may be allowed to mention the chancel of
Little St. Mary's Church, which, as we have shewn, the
scholars of Peter House, from very ancient time, used
formerly as their place of worship: this church, indeed,
has undergone great alterations; but the old archway
(the arch being greatly sunk into the earth), together with
the stone staircase, by which there was a private entrance
from the College into the chapel, still remain, as also a
very ancient inscription, under a brass figure in the pave-
ment, but without a date.
The
About the time the present chapel was built, some
other parts of the College also were erected anew.
inside of the chapel is to be admired; but the exterior
buildings exhibit an example of that trifling style of
architecture, which characterizes the reign of, James I.
and which was borrowed from the French. "It is evi-
}
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
15
dent," says a writer on English Architecture, "that Inigo
Jones, who about the same time designed the cloisters of
St. John's, in Oxford, was not called in here."
The College now consists of two small courts, divided
by the cloister and gallery. The western court is cased
with Ketton stone-the first that was so cased in the Uni-
versity. The north side of the eastern court consists of a
modern building, small, but in appearance somewhat
magnificent, cased also with Ketton stone, with a para-
pet, and a fine view, to Gogmagog Hills. The build-
ings, taken all together, are crowded, displaying evi-
dently want of room. Of garden, there is little or
nothing; but the groves and walks to the south are very
pleasing, and well adapted to studious retirement: and
here Gray (whose first residence, while at the University,
was in Peter House) meditated some of his best and
sublimest odes.
The library is a very spacious room, containing a large
collection of printed books; the MSS. also are nume-
rous, and some good ones. Among the printed books
may be mentioned, as curious and beautiful, one volume
of a very early printed Latin Bible, in folio (the second
of the two volumes being missing): this may have been
easily mistaken for a manuscript; and some writers,
speaking one after another, notice an ancient MS. Ju-
venal, which turns out to be a printed copy of Juvenal
and Persius, of 1475. Among the MSS. are most of
the works of Aristotle, and Albertus Magnus, with
many of the writings of the Fathers, particularly Augus-
tine: Horace, also Terence, Virgil's Georgics, and Ci-
↑ Dallaway's Observations on English Architecture, p. 17.
3:
3
16
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
cero's Tusculan Questions a, may be mentioned, and a
beautiful MS. Latin Bible, given as early as 28th Nov.
1300, by Thomas de L'Insule, already mentioned as
Bishop of Ely.
Some of those who have written concerning Cam-
bridge, speaking also one after another, take notice of
a Liber Domus Petri, a Book of Peter House, in
MS. given by Dr. Newton, formerly Master of this
College. Dr. Newton was Master in 1300. But there
is no such book in the Library, nor any entrance of it in
the Catalogue of MSS.; nor does it appear, as I can
find, in any catalogue printed many years sinceb: so,
whatever of this kind formerly existed, has disappeared
probably more than two centuries ago; and I mention
this distinctly, and with concern; for had such a MS.
existed, it would have thrown great light on the earliest
part of the History of this most ancient INSTITU-
TION.
Here I cannot but notice an instance of the imperfection
of this College Register. Dr. Fuller observes, in his witty
manner, "that his Catalogue of Masters cannot touch
the top of the foundation by fifty years, looking like the
blunt tower of a steeple, whose spire or shaft has been
burnt down by lightning, or broken with thunder." In
1420 the monuments of this College were destroyed by
a Dr. Bentley has made use both of the Horace and Terence. See
his Pref. to Horace; and also his Horace, Lib. i. Od. viii. 1. and see the
Andria of Terence, Act 1. Sc. 5, v. 22. Dr. Davis made use of the
Tusc. Questions. See his edit. chap. viii. 1.
↳ I mean Dr. James' Eclogæ, printed in 1600, and the Catalogus
Mistorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ, of 1690.
• Hist. of Camb. p. 31.
3
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
17
fire, so that Caius was obliged to begin his Catalogue of
Masters at Thomas de Castro Bernardia.
The present society consists of a Master, 14 Founda-
tion Fellowships, open proportionably to the north and
southern counties, two to each county. There are eight
bye Fellows, that is, such as can obtain no other fellow-
ship, preferment, or living, belonging to the College. The
present Master is Dr. Barnes; the Bishop of Ely is
the Visitor; and so I pass to the LEARNED and Dis-
TINGUISHED MEN.
Dr. Thomas Marshall is spoken of as an eminent ma-
thematician, at a time when mathematics were but thinly
spread in the University. He wrote some treatises, a
little after the invention of printing; but I am not aware
they were printed: so they lie probably among the other
books given by him to the College. Dr. Marshall was
also distinguished in physic, and physician to Ed-
ward IV.
George Joye, Fellow, was a divine: he early em-
braced the anti-popish doctrines, against bishops, and par-
ticularly the Bishop of Rome; on justifying faith;
against the wyveless chastity of priests; that every one
a The six immediately prior to him were procured by Mr. Parker,
from Ely Register: Hist. of Camb. p. 38. "Still (says Dr. Fuller)
the Catalogue remaineth incomplete, (oh! that it were as easy to rec-
tify as reprove faults), guilty, I am afraid, not only of transpositions
in the order, but omissions in the number thereof. For I have read
(MS. in 10)* that John Botsham was admitted Master in 14-,* yet he
appears not in Caius, or any other printed author.
b In Dr. Richardson's Book of Graduates, is a Geo. Joye, A. B. 1563;
A. M. 1567. There was another Geo. Joye (no college mentioned),
who took his B. A. degree in 1515; no M. A. is mentioned. This must
be our Joye,
VOL. II.
** I follow Dr. Fuller.
C
18
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
may heare 'confessions; and against pilgrimages. Joye
was, I doubt not, a conscientious man; but being sum-
moned to appear (1527) before the Cardinal's Court at
Westminster, and the Bishop of Lincoln, (for Joye,
like Erasmus, did not like burning) he seemed to think
where a man has not a right to demand the truth, and
would ruin you on discovering it, that you are free to
reply by falsehood, or to mislead by a manoeuvre. So,
at least, he acted; and under shelter of a fib, he escaped
beyond the sea. Honestly enough he gives the account
himself. At Strasburgh he printed the "Priour of Bed-
ford's Letter," which had occasioned his summons,
together with his Reply; and sent his "Lytel Boke a"
from Strasburgh to this Friar, of Newnham Abbey, in
Bedford. He also printed a piece of the Unite and
Schisme of the old Cherche; at Strasburgh, too, I sup-
pose, but undated. He is also said to have translated
a part of Tindal's Bible; an edition of which was
printed at Strasburgh in 1534, and is called Joye's
Bible.
Two or three names, that may be seen in Carter, I
indeed I doubt whether one of the persons was
pass;
ever of this College; so he shall be mentioned where he
is known certainly to have been a member.
a A copy is in the public library, Cambridge, by the help of which
I formed the above article.
b Mr. Lewis (Account of Translations of the New Testament, prefixed to
his edition of Wickliffe's New Testament) says, the whole of Joye's
translation was done by Tindal: but as distinct parts were published
by Joye, as particularly the Psalter, 1534, and Jeremy, with the Song
of Moses, 1534, the probability, I think, is, he had a share in the
translation. Since writing the above note, I have perused a later
edition of Lewis's Account of Translations, &c. and perceive he has
made great alterations.
#
*
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
19
Two writers, as much engaged in the controversies of
Queen Elizabeth's reign, I shall distinctly notice: one
was, Dr. Whitgift, already introduced as engaged in
controversy with the famous Dr. Cartwright, at Cam-
bridge. He afterwards was made Master of Trinity,
and wrote an answer to Cartwright's book, entitled an
Admonition to the Parliament, and a Defence of it
against Cartwright. There are some writings of his,
also, against the Church of Rome. He was in great
favour with Queen Elizabeth, who raised him to be
Archbishop of Canterbury ª.
Mr. John Penry, who had been scholar of this
House, was distinguished among the Puritans. He is
mentioned as the author of Theses Martinianæ, a Pro-
testation, and a Dialogue, with other pieces. He is
described by the Episcopalian party, as the author, or,
at least, one of the authors, of Martin-Mar-Prelate,
which made such a noise at the time. But his own
party, the Puritans, seem to deny, that he was: and, as
I have never seen his Trial, I can have no opinion on
the subject. However it was, he was executed for it in
1593.
a There is a Life of him, in folio, by Dr. Birch.
b See Dr. Nichol's Defence of the Doctrine and Discipline of the
Church of England, book ix. p. 32; and (as quoted in R. Smyth's
MS.) Stilling fleet's Unreasonableness of Separation, p. 51.
e Mr. Udal, a well-known Puritan, and intimately acquainted with
Mr. Penry, declared, "he did not believe Mr. Penry was the author;"
and Mr. James Peirce says, "the Government seems never to have had
any certain information of the true author, and, that he had met with
nothing but the declaration of his opponents to induce him to believe it.
See Jacobi Piarcii Vindiciæ Non-Conformistarum. Part. en Primam.
•
C 2
20
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
.
Mr. Fynes Morison wrote Ten Years Travels through
Germany, and other Countries, in Latin, which he
translated himself into English. He died about 1614.
Dr. Peter Baro, already introduced as engaged in the
Theological Controversies of his time, at Cambridge,
was originally of this College. He was author of Pre-
lectiones in Jonam Prophetam, and de Fide, agreeably
to the turn of his Cambridge disputes, against the Pre-
destinarians.
Bishop Wren I shall have occasion to speak of under
Pembroke Hall; but as he was originally of this Col-
lege, he may be just mentioned, as writing against the
Socinian or Racovian Catechism, and Scotch Cove-
nant. He published also various Epistles to Learned
Men.
Mr. Thomas Grainger is mentioned by R. Smyth
(MS.) as being styled by Anthony Wood, "a noted
writer of his time, author of several Sermons, and of a
Syntagma Grammatica, or an Easy and Methodical Ex-
planation of Lily's Grammar.”
R. Smyth (MS.) mentions Robert Sprackling, M. D.
as having been of this House, and as "the author of
Medela Ignorantiæ, or a Full and clear Vindication of
Hippocrates and Galen from the Charge of Magic,
against the Medela Medicinæ of Melcham, and that he
died 1670" he also notices "Charles Hotham, as Fel-
low, who wrote, an Introduction to the Teutonic Philo-
sophy, being a Determination of the Origin of the Soul,
printed about 1661.”
Bishop Walton, the learned editor of the Polyglott,
already mentioned, was of this House: he proceeded
B. A. 1676, A. M. 1680, and L. L. D. 1688.
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
21
During the disorders and dissensions between the Par-
liament and Loyalists, 20 loyalists are mentioned as
ejected from this College: of these, being known by
their writings, I shall distinctly speak of four.
Thomas Cosins, D. D. was the first ejected loyalist in
this University, being cast out in 1640. He was Master:
Mr. Walker describes him as a very learned man, but
without mentioning, as indeed is generally his manner,
his literary writings". There is an elegant Latin Life of
Cosins by Dr. Thomas Smith, who gives an account of
his "Scholastic History of the Canon of sacred Scrip-
ture," and of his "certain and undoubted books, as they are
received in the English Church?" He was particularly
skilled in Ecclesiastical Annals, the History of the
Councils, Sacred Chronology, and the controversies re-
lating to the Papists and Puritans. He, however, di-
rected by his will, that his MSS. might not be published;
which Dr. Smith hoped would, by some means, not be
complied with: and, according to Robert Smyth, this
must have been eventually the case; for, in his MS. he
notices two other works of Cosins, one, de Sacris sym-
bolis et præsentia Christi in Sacramento Eucharistiæ, the
other, Catholica Harmonia Patrum veterum, et ecclesi-
arum Reformatarum. After his ejectment, Dr. Cosins
passed much time abroad: on his return, he was ad-
a QUERELA CANTABRIGIENSIS says 20; but, according to Mr. Walker
(Sufferings of THE CLERGY) they were all ejected but one; and the
number of Fellows was 22.
b Sufferings of the Clergy, &c. p. 152; and again, p. 60.
c Vitæ Quorundam Eruditissimorum et illustrium Virorum, p. 17.
Dr. Smith, the author, was the same as published the first Catalogue of
the Cottonian MSS. with the Life of Sir Robert Cotton prefixed, ip
Latin.
22
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
1
vanced to the bishopric of Durham, where he died in
1672.
Of the other ejected loyalists, during the long parlia-
ment, three more, at least, are known as men of some
genius and considerable learning. Dr. Joseph Beau-
mont, already mentioned, and Rich. Crashaw, the poet,
author of the Temple of the Delight of the Muses, in
Latin and English, once, though I never saw a great deal
in it myself, much admired, but one admired by Cow-
ley must have something in him that was good. He was
first of Pembroke Hall, as A. B. 1634, and went to
Peter House. He became M. A. 1638.
In a modern edition of Crashaw's poems, Young and
Pope, and even Milton, are said to have borrowed
much from him; but the presumption is, that both
Crashaw and Milton were indebted to the same Italian
poet, Dante and it is pretty clear that Crashaw's best
poem is derived from Strada's Elegant Prolusions.
After his ejectment, he went to Rome, turned Catholic,
and used to retire to the steeple of our Lady at Loretto,
to perform his devotions, and to make verses. He died
at Loretto, in 1650. Walker, after speaking of his
skill in languages, and his exalted piety, adds, whimsi-
cally enough, and yet he was a disgrace to our list"."
Crashaw was ejected by a warrant from the Earl of
Manchester, dated June 11th, 1644. ⠀⠀⠀⠀
Joseph Beaumont, being then Fellow, was ejected by
the Earl of Manchester, April 8, 1644. After the
Restoration, he became Regius Professor of Divinity;
at first Master of Jesus College, and afterwards of this.


a First published in 1617.
b Sufferings of the Clergy, &c. p. 162.
--
T
E
minut
į

---------
ALEX.POPE HG!
Thornthwaite Sr.
Dor M
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
23
::
+
•
:
He was author of a poem, 'entitled, Psyche, which has
been sometimes given to Beaumont, the dramatic
writer: he also wrote Annotations on St. Paul's Epistles,
and Observations on the Apology of Dr. Henry More,
of Christ College. He died Nov. 23, 1699. It is
singular enough that there should be two monuments
erected to his memory, one a gravestone, the other a
mural monument, about the College chapel: on one,
there is a most extraordinarily eulogistic inscription :
among other things, he was Hæreticorum malleus.
The last ejected loyalist I shall mention is John Bar-
grave. He was cast out by the Duke of Manchester,
under a warrant dated 13th of Feb. 1644. He then
passed a few years in Italy. On his return, after the
Restoration, he commenced B. D. at Oxford, and was
made Canon of Canterbury, where he died. He was
the author of a work, entitled, Itinerario d'Italia ª, or at
least, engaged with others in it.
a
a When I was at Canterbury Cathedral, I there perused a very curi-
-ous account of Antiquities, Rarities, and Coins, in that library, left
by Dr. Bargrave, entitled, Rara, et Antiqua, et Numismata Bargravi-
ana, Roma, et aliis Italiæ locis, diversis, nempe quatuor, Italiæ Itineri-
bus, collecta. In this narrative is an account of obelisks, pieces of
loadstone, with their qualities, the Pæstic Antiche, Romane Incog-
nite, and the Caves, ten miles under ground, round Rome, where the
Catacombs are, mountain crystals, and pumice stones. His account of
the Camelion exactly accords with what I witnessed of it myself, for I
once saw a live Camelion (a rara avis) in the Physic Garden at Chelsea,
that was brought there by Banks and Solander.
There were also a few MSS. belonging to Dr. Bargrave's Collection,
that are curious. In this Library too, are the Numismata Bargravi-
ana, some medallions, but copies, in brass and lead: some originals,
in lead. There are between 4 and 500 of his ancient coins, among
which is mentioned an OTRO: but I have heard it doubted whether any
Othos were ever struck.
24
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
After the Restoration, some of these ejected loyalists
were handsomely provided for in the church, or restored
to college. The names of the Puritan or Parliament party
then put out, are not found in the place where I should
have expected to find them, Dr. Calamy's Abridgment of
the Life and Times of Mr. Baxter: they are mentioned,
and that is all, by Mr. Walker. I am not, indeed, aware
that they wrote any thing, except Dr. Lazarus Seaman,
the ejected Master, but of him even Anthony Wood speaks
as a learned divine. He wrote a Vindication of the Judg-
ment of the Reformed Churches, concerning Ordination,
and laying on of Hands a; and a few sermons, preached
before the Long Parliament, being then one of the
assembly of divines. He was Vice-chancellor at the
time the University addressed to Oliver Cromwell the
Oliva Pacis, and wrote the Introductory Poem, and
Peroration. Dr. Seaman held the living of All-Hal-
lows, Bread Street, London, whence he was ejected by
the Act of Uniformity, and died 1675.
Mr. Daniel Cawdry, though not a Fellow, had been
of this House, and also one of the assembly of di-
vines he wrote what Dr. Calamy calls an excellent
book, entitled, Sabbatum Redivivum, or the Christian
Sabbath Vindicated, in two volumes; the first edition
printed in 1645, the second in 1652. He also published
a Duplex Diatribe, concerning Superstition, Will-Wor-
ship, and the Christmas Festival; to which Dr. Ham-
Dr. Calamy's Abridgment of Mr. Baxter's History of his Life and
Times, vol. ii. p. 17, first edit.
b Latin Poems, addressed to Cromwell, and printed at Cantab.
1654.
c Dr. Calamy's Abridgment, &c. vol. ii. 489.
i
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
25
mond wrote an answer; and to the answer Mr. Cawdry
replied. He also published some other pieces. He
was a Presbyterian, and ejected by the Act of Uniformity,
1662, from the living of Great Billing, Northamptonshire.
Mr. Francis Talents, ejected also from his living by
the same act, had been first of Peter House, a person of
considerable learning, and author of a very curious work;
but of which under Magdalen College.
One Puritan, I cannot help noticing, educated at Peter
House, who was greatly distinguished in the history of
those times; and, if no author himself, the occasion of
making one; Colonel Hutchinson's Memoirs, written by
his lady, lately published, have been much admired: from
the Memoirs it appears, that Colonel Hutchinson was
admitted of this college: he used to say, the college, at
that time, was Popish and Arminian-and, expressions
indicating his party dislikes, he himself, as well as Mrs. H.
being a Calvinist.
Following on from these tumultuous times, we find a
due succession of literary men, who were educated in this
ancient foundation.
William Sherlock, master of the Temple, and Dean of
St. Paul's, obtained reputation as a divine, being known
by his Practical Discourses on Death and Judgment.
He had been a student of this college; and took his A.M.
degree in 1660; his S. T. P. in 1680. Dr. Sherlock con-
tinued for some time a nonjuror, but at length took the
oath to King William. This occasioned various animad-
versions on his conduct, which caused him to write a
a He was entered at Peter House, 1631, and distinguished himself as
a scholar. He was governor of Nottingham Castle, and represented the
town, during the Civil Wars. See Mrs. Hutchinson's Life of Colonel
Hutchinson, p. 35.
26
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
!
↓
Magistrate, as a vindication.
Treatise on the Nature of Allegiance to the Supreme
He also wrote a Vindica-
tion of the Trinity, in which he was charged, by Trinita-
rians, with carrying the doctrine up to tritheism 2. This
book was burnt at Oxford.
Sir Samuel Garth, M. D. was author of a satirical
poem, called, The Dispensary. It relates to a dispute
between the College of Physicians, and Apothecaries of
London, about establishing a dispensary. He was the
friend of Pope. As to the poem, it would have been a
good one, had the progress of it equalled the beginning :
Not far from that most celebrated place,
Where awful justice shews her angry face,
Where little villains must submit to fate,
That great ones may enjoy the world in state.
Dr. Garth, also, assisted in a translation of Ovid's
works: he died in 1713. Garth took his degree of A. M.
in 1684; his M. D. degree in 1691.
Another physician, a little subsequent to Dr. Garth,
should be here mentioned, Dr. Samuel Jebb, editor of
various works b, a student of this house, and a nonjuror
a See a Short History of Valentinus Gentilis, the TRITHEIST, tried,
condemned, and put to death, (burnt alive!) 1567, by the Protestant Re-
formed Church of Berne, in Switzerland, for asserting the three Divine
Persons of the Trinity to be [three distinct Eternal Spirits, &c.] wrote
in Latin, by Benedictus Aretius, a divine of the church, and now trans-
lated for the use of Dr. Sherlock. The translator was supposed to have
been Dr. South. Printed 1694.
b Studiorum Primitiæ, dedicated to Peter House, viz.: Justini Mar-
tyris cum Tryphone Dialogus; Caii Opuscula; Bibliotheca Literaria;
an edition of Aristides, with notes, two volumes quarto, and an edition
of Friar Bacon's Opus Majus, folio. See Biographical and Literary
Anecdotes of Mr. Bowyer, p. 32. 80, first edition. Samuel Jebb took his
degree of A. B. in 1712, but took no other degree at Cambridge.
·
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
27
of considerable learning. He died in Derbyshire, March
9, 1772, whither he retired, after practising near London.
Dr. John Jebb was related to him, though not descended
from him. Sir Richard Jebb was a younger son of Dr.
Samuel.
To Jeremiah Markland, the critic, some allusion has
been already made; but I cannot forbear saying a word
or two more. He was born October 29, 1693, and edu-
cated in Christ's Hospital: this observation is made, be-
cause those who go to college from this school are de-
signed for the church; but Mr. Markland, notwithstand-
ing, and though he took the degree of M. A. and was a
tutor, and senior fellow of Peter House, could never be
prevailed on to take orders. He was not rich; indeed,
always poor: but too proud to be querulous; too frugal
to be necessitous; or if necessitous, only through being
too benevolent. Preferment was offered him in the
church, if he would take orders a; and he twice refused
the Greek professorship, when offered him.
a Bishop Hare, says one of Mr. Markland's learned friends, Mr. E.
Clarke, would have preferred him, if he would have taken orders: but
έσ
non Saxa nudis surdiora navitis.” Mr. Clarke's letter to Mr. John
Nichols, Nov. 10, 1777, in Biographical and Literary Anecdotes of Mr.
Bowyer, p. 19, 20, &c. first edit. whence the epitaph is copied.
το σε Αλλ εμον υποτε θυμον ενι ςηθεσσιν επεισαν, to speak the language of
a Greek professor, (I am quoting from a letter of Markland's,) and in-
stead of going a hundred miles to take it, I would go two hundred the
other way to avoid it.”
The following inscription on his monument is so complete a history of
what Mr. Markland was, no less than of what he did, that contrary to
my usual practice, I will lay it before the reader:
Memoriæ sacrum
JEREMIA MARKLANDI ;
Qui, quanquam splendidiores eum
28
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
Thomas Gray, the poet, a student and member of this
society, was a man of similar qualities with Jeremiah
Markland, at least, as to love of literature, and pride of
independance. They cultivated learning for its own sake;
but were indifferent about its distinctions, and averse to
\
Et literæ et virtutes ornaverant,
Semper modestissime se gesset:
Omnes benigne, doctos urbane,
Et, (quod mirere magis)
Etiam indoctos sine supercilio excepit.
In restituendis et explicandis
Græcis et Latinis Poetis,
Statio, Euripide, Horatio, Juvenale,
Et præcipue, novi fæderis libris,
Cautus, acutus, felix
Et, si quando audacior,
Tamen non inconsultus.
In edendis Maximo Tyrio, et Demosthene,
Cum Davisio et Taylero conjunctus,
Utrisq. et auxilio et ornamento fuit.
Sequantur alii famam,
Aucupentur divitias,
Hic illa oculis irretortis contemplatus,
Post terga constanter reliquit.
A cætu tandem et communione omnium,
Per hos triginta annos proxime elapsos,
In solitudine se recepit,
Studiis excolendis et pauperibus sublevandis
Unice intentus.
Memoriæ viri sibi amicissimi,
Et præceptoris et parentis loco,
Viri candore, humanitate, modestia, doctrina,
Religione demum ornatissimi,
Dat, dicat, dedicat,
Olim discipulus.
Obiit prope Dorking, in comitatu Surriæ,
Julii 70, 1776,
Annum agens octogesimum tertium.
!
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
29
its formalities. When we know there were few more
serious students at Oxford, than Mr. Gray's friend, West,
and at Cambridge, than Gray himself, it is diverting to
hear the former talk of "a country inhabited by things
called doctors and masters of arts, a country flowing with
syllogism and ale," and the latter echoing back the same
tune, with only a little change for mathematics a. But,
really, the dull round of lecturing, the trifling vanities of
public disputations, the little bustle of public offices, and
gaudy days, in short, all that Gray, in his fastidious way,
called "
college impertinences," might naturally enough
have no particular charm for men of such high minds and
such extraordinary delicacy. Gray was entered of Peter
House in 1733, and left off attending lectures in 1736.
He took an L. L. B. degree in 1744, but never proceeded
further.
Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton, was a student of this
house, and made chancellor of the University in 1768.
Gray, having been made by him professor of modern
history, considered him as his patron; and, therefore, in
his Installation Ode, speaks of him in the language of
gratitude: but, with great poetical management, steers
clear of the language of sycophancy.
Sweet is the breath of vernal shower;
The bees collected treasures sweet;
Sweet music's melting fall, but sweeter yet
The still small voice of gratitude Þ.
a See the Correspondence of West and Gray, while students at Ox-
ford and Cambridge, in vol. i. of Mason's Memoirs of the Life and
Writings. Edit. 1807.
b This Ode was set to music by Dr. Randall, the Professor of Music at
the time, under the immediate direction of Mr. Gray, who had every
30
:
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
L
:
Gray was a finished poet: and his poetry, like Milton's,
is combined with the strong feeling of independence, and
with the genuine love of liberty.
But the Duke is here introduced as being an author
himself. He became zealous, in the latter part of his
life, for a reformed liturgy, on the plan of Dr. Samuel
Clarke's, which lies in manuscript at the British Museum,
and, in reference to that, he published "Hints submitted
to the serious attention of the Clergy and Nobility, newly
associated by a Layman." These went through four or
five editions. They were animadverted on by two writers,
supposed to be bishops; and defended, in a publication,
by the Bishop of Llandaff. In a still more advanced
period, the Duke printed an account of the progress of
his religious opinions, but only for the use of his friends.
This account shews that he was a Unitarian, or Socinian.
He also engaged in printing an edition of Greisbach's
famous Greek New Testament, containing the various
readings in MSS., which was accordingly published,
at his Grace's sole expense, in 1796: and distributed
gratuitously, according to his direction. He died in
1811b.
note weighed and proportioned to his own words, Gray having a taste
for the Italian music, Dr. Randall for Handel's style, and, accordingly,
when they came to the chorus, Gray left the Doctor, saying, "There-
now I leave you to make as great a noise as you please." Dr. Randall
was a good composer, and a very worthy man: and I record this trifling
anecdote, merely for the purpose of saying a word, by way of memento
to an old and much respected friend, long since deceased.
a This circumstance occasioned Greisbach to publish his greatly im-
proved edition of his NovUM TESTAMENTUM GRACE: Londini apud
Petrum Elmsly, et Halæ Saxonii, apud Jo. Jac. Curlie Hæredes, 1796.
b There was, accordingly, a sermon preached on the occasion of his
death, and published by the Rev. Mr. Belsham, the minister of Essex
Street Chapel.
!
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
31
I should add, that the Duke of Grafton, though a stu-
dent of this house, and chancellor of the University, was
not a graduate. The honorary degree of L.L.D. usually
conferred on the chancellor, at his creation, he declined,
from a dislike to subscribing the articles.
Dr. John Jebb, and Bishop Law have been introduced
before they are combined here, on account of their alli-
ance in opinions. Jebb was fellow of this college; and
besides his works already referred to, published, in union
with Dr. Waring, the late Judge Wilson, and Dr.
Robert Thorpe, both formerly of this college, a Lecture
Book for the colleges ª. He took his A. B. degree in
1757; his A. M. in 1760; both at Cambridge; but his
M. D. he did not take in this University. He died in
London, in 1786.
a
Of Bishop Law's own works no complete edition was
ever published: I except, of course, from this number,
his edition of Locke's Works, and his share in Stephanus's
Greek Thesaurus, published in four volumes quarto,
1734.
His own works are metaphysical and theological, con-
sisting of Considerations on the Theory of Religion, the
Life of Christ'; and his Opinion on an Intermediate
State, (the Sleep of the Soul;) there is also a pamphlet of
the Bishop's, on Subscription to Articles, addressed to
Dr. Randolph, dean of Christ Church: to these may be
added his edition of Archbishop King's Origin of Evil,
with notes. Law took his A. M. degree, in 1727; his
2 Excerpta Quædam e Newtoni Principiis Philosophiæ Naturalis,
cum Notis Variorum. Cantab. 1765.
b In the short Account of his Life, by Dr. Paley, as republished with
notes, by Anonymous, in 1800, it is made very clear, that the Bishop, in
the decline of life, had made some change in his theological opinions.
!
32
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE.
S. T. P. in 1749, both at Cambridge, being then of St.
John's College.
John Wilson, A. B. in 1761, and A. M. in 1764, has
been mentioned as coadjutor in the Excerpta.
I am not
aware that he published any distinct and separate work:
but he was fellow of Peter House, and, having obtained
the highest mathematical honour in the University, he
rose to be a judge.
Dr. Robert Thorpe, another coadjutor, in publishing the
Excerpta, was fellow of this society. He proceeded
A. B. in 1758, A. M. in 1760, and S. T. P. 1792. He
meditated to publish a Commentary, on the whole of the
Principia, but printed only one volume, in quarto. He
was also senior wrangler in 1758.
I close this account with Mr. Kendal, who took his
A. M. degree in 1758. He is unknown as an author, but
was fellow: a person of a wild deranged state of mind:
but who, occasionally, poured out, extemporaneously, the
most beautiful epigrammatic effusions. The following
has fallen in my way, and is worth recording. It would
have done honour to Gray.
The town have found out different ways
To praise their different Lears;
To Barry they give loud huzzas,
Tó Garrick only tears.
·
a He was senior wrangler in 1761.

Drawn &Eng by J.Greig.
Clane Hall, with Kings College Chapel.
Bublished for
inters hu Tanaman
Paternoste
[ 33 ]
CLARE HALL.
VERY early we read of colleges of nuns, and lady
abbesses. And when Benedict," the father of monks,
ascended to heaven," those of his order, whether male,
or female, soon learnt to exchange poverty for riches.
Kings, for the salvation of their souls, endowed them
2 Ασπαζόμαι το Σύσημα των παρθενων, as quoted in Asceticwn, p. 140,
from Ignatius's Epistle to the Philippians; a spurious book in the judg-
nent of almost all, even of Catholics, who have published editions of
th apostolical fathers it is, however, ancient. But how monastic
writers used to conjure up spurious books, see Dr. James's Treatise of
the Corruptions of Scripture, Councils, and Fathers, &c. The author of
Monasticwy quotes two other spurious books* with the same view.
But the word Σusnµa, for a college, does occur very early in Christian
writers, who borrowed it from Plutarch (in Numa) and Polybius, lib. 1
and 2.-This note does not, properly, belong to this place, but may be of
service in the course of the work. The author of Ascetic@v referred to
Ignatius, to hold out the idea, that Christian nunneries were as old as
what are called the Apostolic age.
b υμάς, εςιν ούτω γαρ καλούσι τας πνευματικάς μητέρας. Palladii Hist.
Lauste
42. The Latin name was abbissa, abbatissa.
• It is said, in the Saxon Chronicle, of Benedict, the founder of the
Cistercian order, ealna Muneca fædep fapde heovenan, the father
of all monks, ascended to heaven, A. 509.
a See the Saxon Chronicle.-The grants used commonly to run in some
such form as this, Sciatis, me concessisse Deo et ecclesiæ sanctæ, & pro
Dei amore et salute animæ, et parentum meorum, et pro statu regni mei,
&c. In the library of University College, Oxford, is a well written and
* Cipriani Epist. Chrysostomi Homil. in Matthæum,
VOL. II.
D
1

$4
CLARE HALL.
with lands; prioresses procured impropriations for their
own nunneries; and, princesses becoming foundresses of
religious houses, and investing them with their whole
dowries and fortunes, undertook their government. It is
remarkable, too, that to monasteries, societies of monks,
not favourable to the sex, females have been used to shew
great partialities, and been most liberal in their benefac-
tions and endowments.
Colleges, as afterwards formed, out of monastic houses,
into literary and more liberal institutions, were still guard-
ed against female influence; yet, to these, also, the fair
sex generally manifested great regards. Prompted
by a generosity of mind, by sentiments of piety, or a de-
sire of perpetuating their names, some ladies have en-
larged them by their benefactions, others, as foundresses,
have endowed them. And of this number was the lady
whose name stands connected with Clare Hall.
This house had, in more ancient times, the name of
University Hall. It is supposed by some, to have been
that called Solere Hall, in one of Chaucer's Canterbury
Tales. Mr. Robert Smyth, indeed, says, " it is re-
marked, this hall, called University Hall, is the same as
that called by Chaucer, Solere Hall. If so, he himself
valuable Codex, composed by John Abbot, in 1496, containing an ac-
count of privileges from popes, and grants from kings and princes, down
to that time, made to the monasteries of the Cistercian order.
≈ Thus the famous Etheldreda, daughter of Anna, king of the East
Angles, and wife of Egfrid, king of the Northumbrians, becoming the
foundress and first abbess of the monastery of Ely, settled on it the
whole Isle of Ely, being a principality, and her marriage portion. See
Bentham's Hist. and Antiquities of the Conventual and Cathedral
Church of Ely, p. 45, first edition.
Smyth's MS.
1
CLARE HALL.
35.
was a student in it. Archbishop Tennison gives him up,
and says, the poem styled, Aula Amoris, was none of his.”
What authority they have for giving up "the Court of
Love," as not Chaucer's, I know not. Mr. Tyrwhitt, a
better critic, I suspect, than either, with respect to
Chaucer, gave it him ". But unfortunately for the Arch-
bishop, and my good friend, Robert Smyth, the passage in
question, about Solere Hall, is not in the Court of Love,
but in the Reve's Tale.
And, namely, there was a great college,
Men clepen it the Solere Hall of Cambridge.
University Hall had its origin from Richard Badew, a
cleric, who was, at the time, chancellor of the university.
But the foundation was not his single act, nor, indeed, ac-
companied on his part with any endowment. He, uniting
with some other collegiates, bought of Nigellus de Thorn-
ton, two messuages and a piece of ground in Milne, or Mil-
lar's Lane, which then lay between what are now called
Queen's College and Clare Hall, near St. John Zach-
arie's Church'. Over this house he appointed Walter de
Thaxted principal, with a few, who were called pension-
ers: but, though so denominated, they supported them-
selves at their own expense. Thus continued the state of
things at University Hall, for sixteen years, when it was
accidentally destroyed by fire.
William Badew was of a family of Great Badew, near
Chelmsford, in Essex, that distinguished itself in an age,
when knighthood, the last order in rank, but the first in
antiquity, was in all its glory; and he added to the lustre
a The Preface to his edition of the Canterbury Tales,
› Clare Hall Register.
D 2
36
CLARE HALL.
of his house by his patronage of literature, though not
entitled to the honour of founding this hall.
For the building having been, as already observed,
entirely consumed, the premises were resigned by Walter
de Thaxted, with the consent of the said Richard Badew,
to a patroness, capable of giving Dr. Badew's wishes ef-
fect. This was Elizabeth de Burgo, the then Dame
of Clare, widow, who received a surrender from Dr. Ba-
dew, and the University, of all the rights invested in this
Hall. She then procured royal letters for erecting a
building on the scite of University Hall, and, having be-
stowed on it ample endowments, allowed it to be called
after her own name ".
b
This lady was of royal descent. She was daughter of
Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, by
Joan de Acres, daughter of King Edward I., and Queen
a Register of Clare Hall.
b Licentia Instituendi Collegium Scholarium, in Mylne Street, per
Cancellarium ac Magistros Universitatis. Hare's MS. vol. iii. 32. This
was in 1309, the first year of Edward II. This, according to Hare's In-
dex, p. 59, is in the vice-chancellor's copy of Hare's Collections, though
not in the Registrar's. In 1326, the first year of Edward III. the date
commonly assigned to the foundation of the college, there is, in Hare's
Index, p. 15, a licentia perquirendi terras ad valorem annuum £.20,
concessa Aulæ de Clare, ad petitionem Cancellarii et Magistrorum Uni-
versitatis: and in the 47th of Edward III. Literæ Patentes, ne Manda-
tum Regis in Causâ Discordiæ inter Scholares Aulæ suæ, et Scholares
Aula de Clare quovis modo tendat in prejudicium Libertatum Univer-
sitatis, nec in consequentia trahatur. Ibid. p. 23, 24. From the above ac-
count it is clear to me, that most of Mr. Cole's dates relative to the be-
ginning of this college of Clare Hall are wrong. He makes the year of
changing its name, from University to Clare Hall, 1340. Some, he says,
write that this change was made in 1861. But from what has been said,
it is clear both dates are wrong.
e Called, therefore, in a licence of Edward III. empowering her to
give the appropriation of Lydlington, in the county of Cambridge, to
CLARE HALL.
37
some,
Eleanor of Castile. She first married John de Burgo,
son of Robert de Burgo, and had issue by him, William
de Burgo, Earl of Ulster; she afterwards became the
wife of Theobald de Verdon; and, thirdly, of Sir Roger
de Amorie. She was mother of William de Burgo, last
Earl of Ulster, and possessed the title of Countess, say
in her own right, as daughter and co-heiress to the last
Earl of Clare, Gloucester, and Hertford: Mr. Cole, how-
ever, is not incorrect in saying," she is generally, but not cor-
rectly, styled countessa, for she never attained to the title."
Mr. Cole further observes, that in a grant, dated 24th of
April, 29 Edw. III." she is stiled, la tres honorable
Dame Elizabeth de Bourg Dame de Clare," and "that the
family of Clare was so great and eminent in the time of
King Henry III. that the arms of Richard de Clare, Earl
of Gloucester, stand embossed and painted on the new
wall of Westminster Abbey, next to those of St. Louis,
king of France; and there were few cathedrals or religi-
ous houses in England without them "."
b
The new building was raised, and the endowment made
at this lady's own expense; so, that with her justly rests
the title of foundress, whether we consider Badew's at-
tempt at raising a hall at first, or the Duke of Glouces
ter's patronizing the latter institution. In the master's
lodge there is a half length portrait of this lady, though
it is only a copy.
The other more distinguished patrons of Clare Hall
the master and fellows of this house, Consanguinea Nostra Elizabetha de
Burgo. Pat. 10. Edw. III. p. 1. m. 3. A. D. 1336. Rymer's Fœdera,
vol. iv.
a See Selden's Titles of Honour, 2d part, chap. ix.
b MSS. vol. ii.
c Sandford's Genealogical Hist. p. 141.
38
CLARE HALL.
.
were, Thomas Cecila, Earl of Exeter, counsellor to
James I. (A fine full length portrait of this benefactor,
and his lady, are in the Combination Room.) He gave to
the amount of 1081. a year: John Freeman Butler, Esq.
the most distinguished physician of his age, physician to
James I. also, gave 2001. towards the support of fellows
and scholars, besides a chalice and cover, for the altar, of
pure gold, worth 300l. together with his library and other
valuables.
Among the benefactors, also, appears the name of
George Ruggle, author of the Macaronic comedy, en-
titled Ignoramus, that so tickled the fancy of James I.
He left 4001. in money and plate, together with some
books, among which was the original MS. of Ignoramus,
with notes, which, as I am informed, is now, unfortunately,
missing.
Clare Hall has had its full proportion of donations and
legacies: its church preferments too, are considerable.
Among the livings belonging to it, ten are reckoned good
ones. And, accordingly, Dr. Blythe, in succession fel-
low and master, and D. D. by mandamus, and styled
M. D. by R. Smyth, ranks high in the list of benefactors;
for, besides his library, he bequeathed to this college 50001.
which was laid out, principally, in the purchasing of
church livings.
I omit several other benefactors' names, though, by a
list taken from a college register, a large catalogue might
be made: but in conformity with the idea, introductory to
this chapter, I should notice some benefactresses, among
a Clare Hall Register.
b Borne at Lavenham in the countie of Suffolk; M. A. fellow, in 1617.
Clare Hall Register.
#
CLARE HALL.
39
whom appears Dorothy Countess of Exeter, consort of
the Earl, already mentioned as a benefactor: to these
should be added, Mrs. Edith Green, Mrs. Joan Herne,
and Mrs. Joan Fountain.
King Richard III. it has been observed, seems to have
claimed a relationship to the college, through his descent
from the Earl of Clare. Whatever may have been his
character, the society, it is said, derived from him consi-
derable advantages. Mr. Cole and some other Clare Hall
gentlemen seem to question his title to the honour of
being their patron, ashamed of the name of one so
infamous in history:
I who am curtailed of this fair proportion,
Deform'd, unfinished, sent before my time
Into this breathing world, scarce half made up,
And that so lamely and unfashionably,
That dogs bark at me as I'go along.
Shakspeare's Rich. III.
But authorities seem to countenance the belief that he
was and his relationship to the family of the foundress
is a presumption that he was: for bad men are not insen-
sible to the pride of ancestry; and the author of the
"Fable of the Bees," may instruct us not to scrutinize
too nicely into the characters, or motives, of patrons and
benefactors to public institutions ª.
■ “ Thẹ man that supplies with his private fortune what the whole
must otherwise have provided for, obliges every member of the society;
and therefore all the world are ready to pay him their acknowledgment,
and think themselves in duty bound to pronounce all such actions virtu-
ous, without examining, or so much as looking into the motives from
which they were formed,"
Mandeville: Essay on Charity Schools.
40
CLARE HALL.
1
Archbishop Tillotson, who was a scholar, and after-
wards fellow, of this society, is generally introduced, also,
as a benefactor: and two portraits are preserved of him
in Clare Hall; a small one in the master's lodge, and a
half-length in the Combination Room: but Mr. Cole is for
diminishing the merit of his benefactions, maintaining,
that the principal benefit rendered the college by Tillot-
son, was recovering back to it by his influence, what had
been removed from it by the Oliverians. If so, it must
have been when he was fellow, or a little while afterª.
But least I should seem, to my readers, to have forgot-
ten the rule which I laid down, in regard to benefactors, I
now proceed to other matters.
Much surprised I am, that our printed histories should
not have noticed a circumstance clearly stated in the most
ancient writings now belonging to this college.
a M. A. and fellow, in 1651. Clare Hall Register.
b "On the back is wrote, by Mr. Betham, Bursar of Clare Hall,"
says Mr. Cole, "who lent me the original deed, October 3, 1768, from
out of the archives of the college:"
p.
"Petition of William Bingham to Henry VI. to grant his house,
called God's House, built for scholars in grammar, to the master and
fellows of Clare Hall, to endow it with lands to the amount of £50."
The petition and licence, the former in English, the latter in Latin,
may be seen in Mr. Cole's MS. vol. ii. 3. The petition begins thus:
"Unto the Kyng our Sovereign Lord: Besecheth the most mekely your
poore preest, and continuall bedesman, William Byngham, person of St.
John Zacharie, of London-Wherefore please it unto your most sove-
regn highness and plenteous grace, to consider how that to all liberal
sciences, used in the said university, certain Lyflode is ordeyned and
endued, saving only for grammar, the which is rote and grounde of all
the said other sciences, and thereupon graciously to grunte licence to
your forseid besecher, that he may give without fyn or fee (the same) his
mansion, ycalled Goddeshous, the which he hath made and edifyed, and
the seid other lands, tenements, rentes and services, and advowsons to the
seid value, after the forme of a cedule to this bille annexed, to yntent,
.
I
}
CLARE HALL.
41
In the reign of Henry VI. William Byngham, parson
of St. John Zacharie, of London, having long perceived
there was a great scarcity of school masters of grammar
in England, petitioned his Majesty, that he might be per-
mitted to give without fine, or fee, his mansion of God's-
house, which he had built at Cambridge, together with
its lands, tenements, and rents, to the value of 501. a year,
for the free support of poor scholars in grammar, to be sub-
ject to the master and fellows of Clare Hall. And con-
formably to Byngham's petition, Henry granted a licence
for a college to be founded for twenty-four scholars, and
a chaplain to govern and instruct them, and all to be sub-
ject to the master and fellows of Clare Hall: why this
circumstance is not put to the account of the history of
this college, I do not comprehend.
The college restored by the foundress, was again de-
stroyed by fire, at least in part, that is to say, the master's
lodge, the treasury, " and among other papers," says Mr.
Cole, "the archives." How is it then, this gentleman, who
was scholar of the college, was not aware, such acknow-
ledgement destroys the name, at least, of his original deed®,
lent him, as he writes it, from the archives. If what he says
respecting the destruction of the archives is correct, his
original grant could have been only a copy, or inspeximus,
though derived, as it appears to have been, from original-
documents. However, the college was new-built, and the
first stone laid May 19, 1638.
that the seid maist' and scholars mowe fynd perpetually in the forseid
mansion, ycalled Goddeshous, xxiv scolers for to comense in gramer, and
a preest to governe them, for reformation of the seid defaute, for the
love of God, and in the wey of charitee, in your toune of Cambrigge,
for the herbigage of yonge scholars of gramer," &c. To commence in
grammar means taking a degree in it,
a See page 40, note.
L
42
CLARE HALL.
The old chapel was built in 1535. Previously to this
period, the society performed their devotions in St. Ed-
ward's, the adjacent church. It is remarkable of the old
chapel, that it was never consecrated: this was, I sup-
pose, the reason that no one was ever buried there: and
the only mural monument erected in it was a cenotaph,
sacred to the memory of their great benefactor, Dr.
Blythe, whose remains lie in the above church. The
tradition, that one person was buried there, is supposed
to be a mistake.
The
Strangers are naturally struck with the new building;
the court forms a handsome spacious square; all the
structure being of free-stone, which preserves its original
freshness; and, whether seen from the public walks, or
surveyed in the open court, displays a brightness, a neat-
ness, a uniformity, with something of elegance.
situation of the western side is beyond that of any
other college enviable; its aspect over the river, meadows,
promenade, and public walks, and to the adjacent coun-
try, is delightful; and its vista, already noticed, opening
through two rows of fine limes, on terraced banks,
and beheld from the eastern gate, through the whole
length of the college, cannot be too much admired.
But, after all, the charm of this building is much as-
sisted by its agreeable and happy situation. For, archi-.
tecturally considered, the indiscriminate admiration of
Mr. Cole and Mr. Ashby, is misplaced. It is not in a
magnificence of style proportioned to the amplitude of
its space, and the beauty of its situation: the western
front is overcrowded with pilasters, fifty in number; and
• Called Clare Hall Piece.
CLARE HALL.
43
}
the squarish windows, corresponding in number to the
pilasters, with the pert patch of ornament over them, is
very ugly indeed the edifice has in general too much
of little ornament for the chaste classical style; the sim-
plicity and harmonious appearance of the Grecian orders
being almost lost amidst the capriciousness of the French
taste of that period a.
The hall of this college possesses much of elegance; the
Combination Room is one of the best proportioned rooms
in the University, and the Master's Lodge very spacious ;
The
containing great part of the north and east sides.
Masters and Fellows gardens are on opposite sides of a
neat bridge; and though not large, are very cheerful,
having terrace-walks towards the river and meadows,
from which they are separated by a quickset hedge. The
Master's is distinguished by a magnificent green-house,
which, as appertaining to a college, is quite unique.
"The library," says Mr. Cole, "is the most elegant
of any in the University, being a large well-proportioned
room, à-la-moderne, with the books ranged all around,
and not in classes, as in most of the rest of the libraries
in other colleges. It is exceedingly well filled with a
* This false French taste was commented on, and exposed, by Mons.
Frearte, a writer of great observation, and the most classical taste, in a
work dedicated, in 1650, to Monseigneur de Noyers, that minister of
France, who so much forwarded the improvements in its public build-
ings: it is accompanied with the most perfect designs after the ancient
orders, both Grecian and Roman, the theatre of Marcellus, the baths
of Dioclesian, and the pillar of Trajan, &c.; and illustrated by the
designs of the more modern artists. This excellent work was trans-
lated into English by the well-known Mr. Evelyn, accompanied with a
Dedication to Charles II. It is entitled "The whole Body of Ancient
and Modern Architecture,”
}
44
CLARE HALL.
choice collection of valuable books; among the rest, one
of the few of Pope Sixtus Quintus's folio Bibles, which
were soon called in upon political reasons, and is reck-
oned of great value."
This is the new library: the old library contains a
good collection of Italian and Spanish authors.
Of the celebrated Latin comedy of Ignoramus, he
observes, "that the comedy of Ignoramus, supposed to
be made by Mr. Ruggle, of Clare Hall, is but a trans-
lation of an Italian comedy of Baptista Porta, entitled,
Trapulario, as may be seen by the comedy itself in
Clare Hall library, with Mr. Ruggle's notes and altera-
tions thereof."
Subjoined to this observation, the following words are
added by Mr. Cole: "This is taken from some
collections by Thomas Gibbons, Esq. which make the
number 980, of the catalogue of the Harleian MSS. now
in the British Museum. Art. 173, p. 161.
11
This is scarcely the proper place to add, "that about
the beginning of the year 1611 (I quote from Hawkins's
edition of Ignoramus), the University of Cambridge be-
came engaged in a contest with the Mayor of the town,
and the Corporation, on the question which of the two,
the Vice-chancellor of the University or the Mayor of
the town, was entitled to precedence of the other."
Mr. Ruggle sided with the University against the town,
and in the character of Ignoramus, who talks a language
half Latin, half English, and," woos in the language
of the Pleas and Bench," he ridicules the pedantry of
the lawyers in their ordinary phraseology. But there was
something more in it than met the ear.
The MS. alluded to above was the original MS. of
CLARE HALL.
45
Ignoramus, from which Mr. Hawkins derived the text of
his edition, printed not many years ago.
As to the present chapel, that is, perhaps, entitled to
unmingled praise: it is of the Corinthian order; and
the proper ornaments of that order, the highly-finished
stucco-work of the ceiling, the neat wainscoting, the fine
painting of the Salutation by Cipriani, the elegant altar-
piece, together with an excellent organ, and, above all,
the admirable cupola in the ante-chapel, all conspire to
render this one of the things the most complete, and
most to be admired among all our colleges. The chapel,
of course, is but small, but the magnificence of the cupola,
within, gives it an air of greatness, though, externally,
its situation is not the most favourable to architectural
effect. As to the rustic basement, the expediency of
that may not be obvious to every one, it being after a style
usually attached to buildings designed for imprisonment
or strength; yet there may be rules and necessities
for it better known to the great masters of architec-
ture.
تھے
This elegant chapel was designed by Sir James Bur-
roughs, Master of Caius College, whose great skill in
architecture caused his advice to be taken in all plans of
buildings at Cambridge, made in his time, as that of
the ingenious Dr. Aldrich had been before at Ox-
ford a.
Learned and distinguished men next claim our atten-
tion.
The first are, principally, translators and divines.
* Dr. Aldrich, besides his other works, published, in Latin, a Treatise
on Civil Architecture; of which, however, I think, only 50 copies were
printed.
-3
46
CLARE HALL.
.C
b
Archbishop Heath was one of the translatorsa of
Henry the VIIIth's Bible: Dr. William Branthwaite
in succession, Fellow of Emmanuel, and Master of
Caius College, was first student of Clare Hall; one of
the translators of James the First's Bible. Abraham
Whelock published the Versio Persica et Latina Qua-
tuor Evangeliorum; and was the editor of Bede's Eccle-
siastical History. David Owen, according to R. Smyth,
wrote the Consent of the Papist and Puritan in the de-
posing and King-killing Doctrine, or Anti Paræus, De-
terminatio de Sacrilegio contra David Paræum, printed
1619. Nicholas Ferrar, Esq. Fellow, was, according to
the same, "styled St. Nicholas, from the sanctity of his
life, and friend to the devout Herbert; author of the
"Treatise of John Veldesso's Pious Considerations, the
Companion in Arms to the Emperor Charles V. and at
length also in the cloister he died in 1639." Dr.
Boyse was Fellow, and author of the Postills in De-
fence of the Liturgy. Carter calls him the author of
Bishop Andrew's Tortura Torti, against Becanus the
Jesuit but this should be given to Richard Tompson,
whom he next mentions as a noted philosopher. Lind-
2 So I speak, according to the usual way of speaking, concerning the
Bible put forth under the authority of Henry VIII. It was, however,
no new translation, but only Matthew's altered. This is said once for
all; as I shall not deem it necessary to speak hereafter of others con-
cerned in Cranmer's Bible as translators.—See Lewis's Pref. to Wick-
liffe's Translation of the New Testament.
b Ibid.
4
c “Abraham Wheelock, borne at Loppington, in the Countie of Shrop-
shere, Master of Arts. He was the first Professor of Arabic in this Uni-
versity, and Fellow in 1617." College Register.-He afterwards took
the degree of B. D.
a The book is entitled, Elenchus Refutationis Torturæ Torti pro Re-
1
CLARE HALL.
47
sell, in succession Bishop of Peterborough and Here-
ford, was editor of Theophylact on Paul's Epistles, and
the Catena Jobi. Samuel Lowth wrote a work, entitled,
Archeologiæ Philosophica, and de Fide, and de Offi-
ciis Christianorum. He was A. B. of this college
1657.
Dr. George Jollyffe was an eminent physician, and
he is said by Carter a to have been the discoverer of the
Vasa Lymphatica. Henry Jollyffe was a learned Ca-
tholic author, who wrote against Cranmer and Hoo-
per.
b
During Charles the First's disputes with the Parlia-
ment, the Master and several Fellows were ejected for
too much loyalty, and at the Restoration others were
ejected for too little. I shall not measure the merits of
either cause, nor the motives and principles of its advo-
cates; but shall, as before, take notice of two or three
on both sides, who are best known.
Mr. Oley, one of the loyalists, published Dr. Jackson's
Works, and also Mr. Herbert's Country Parson, to
which he wrote Prefaces. To his zeal, it seems, the new
structure was greatly indebted, of which he was consi-
verendissimo Epist. Eliens. contra Martin. Becanum. Tompson also
wrote, a Diatribe de Amissione et Intercessione Gratiæ et Justifica-
tionis, printed in 1618.
■ On what authority this is said by Mr. Carter, I know not; a claim
to the discovery of the Vasa Lymphatica has been claimed, as I am
informed, by a medical gentleman, both by Dr. Monro and Dr. Cul-
len.
b The Querela Cantabrigiensis makes out seven Fellows; Mr. Walker
eight, adding Mr. Potter, who he thinks was a Presbyterian, ejected
by the Independents. Sufferings of the Clergy, &c. p. 141, second
part.
:
CLARE HALL.
48
dered almost by his benefaction, zeal, and inspections,
the Father and Patron. But his ejectment forced him
from his favourite child. In 1660 he was restored to his
fellowship and living, and had conferred on him two
other good pieces of preferment
Dr. Gunning was a person of great notoriety; no man
a more zealous advocate for his majesty and the church;
no man a greater Malleus Hæreticorum. According to
Mr. Walker, he had two or three set disputations with
Papists; and hunted after all sorts of heretics, and dis-
puted with them in their own congregations. It was in
consequence of a sermon preached by him at St. Mary's
Church, that the University of Cambridge published their
Protest against the Covenant. He was ejected by the
Parliament, from his fellowship at Clare Hall, for refus-
ing to take the Covenant" on the return of Charles,
he was first made Master of Christ's College, after-
wards of St. John's, and Lady Margaret's Professor of
Divinity. In 1669 he was made Bishop of Chichester,
and in March 1674, Bishop of Ely. He died 6th
July, 1684; and an apposite sermon was preached on
- his death from 2 Kings, 11, 12. My Father! my Fa-
ther! The horsemen of Israel, and the chariots
thereof.
Bishop Gunning was a man of considerable learning :
his works, according to Anthony Wood, are, "A Con-
tention for Truth, being the substance of Disputations,
before thousands of People, in St. Clement Danes'
Church."-" Schism unmasked.". "View and Correc-

a Ibid.
b Peter Gunning, borne at Howe, in the countie of Kent, M. A. and
Fellow 1620, Clare Hall Register.
c Godwin de Præsulibus Ang. p. 276. d Athenæ Oxon. p. 764.
•
$

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Drawn Eng by J. Greig
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Published for the Proprietors by Longman &C. Paternoster Row Jan 1,1814
CLARE HALL.
49
tions of the Common Prayer."-" The Paschal or Lent
Fast, apostolical and perpetual, and an Answer to some
Objections of the Presbyterians to the Fast of Lent."
Let us now pass to the Non-conformists.
One of the most distinguished of these for learning,
was Mr. David Clarkson, B. D. He appears to have
gone off to a living, before the Restoration: for, ac-
cording to Dr. Calamy, he was ejected from Mortlack,
in Surry, by the Bartholomew Acta. While at Clare
Hall, he had been Fellow, and Tutor to Mr. Holcroft,
and Mr. Tillotson, after Archbishop of Canterbury,
who, according to Calamy, bore a singular respect to
him, as long as he lived. He wrote a Discourse against
the Romanists, in 4to. entitled "The Practical Divi-
nity of the Papists proved destructive to Christianity and
Men's Souls;" also, no Evidence for Diocesan Episco-
pacy, and a Defence of it in 4to. and two Sermons in
the Volumes of MORNING EXERCISES. After his
death were published two Discourses by him, on Free
Grace, another on Episcopacy, a third on Liturgies;
and a volume of his Sermons in folio.
Francis Holcroft, A. M. and Fellow, though not an
author, was a great sufferer for his principles, and a
leader among his party.
party. He was a man of a bold spirit;
as an Independant, he was what Gunning was, as an
2 Calamy's Account of Ejected Ministers, vol. ii. p. 667.
b I apprehend Walker is incorrect, in saying, that Tillotson succeed-
ed David Clarkson in his fellowship; as I find by a register of Clare
Hall, that Dr. Cudworth was Master, and Henry Holcroft, David Clark-
son, Francis Holcroft, and John Tillotson, were all A. M.'s and Fel-
lows, in the same year, 1652.
c A Letter only of his was printed-" A Word to the Saints from the
Watch-Tower.”
VOL. 11.
E
50
CLARE HALL.
Episcopalian. With the zeal of an innovator, he was
obliged to sit down with the lot of a martyr; and was
ejected both from his fellowship, and his living of Bas-
singbourn, in Cambridgeshire. In 1663 he was thrown
into jail for preaching privately in Cambridge; and after
his enlargement from his first imprisonment, was impri-
soned again, for almost nine years, in Cambridge
castle, from 1663 to 1672.
Hol-
He was a man of family, the son of Sir
croft, and his first enlargement was obtained by the influ-
ence of the Earl of Anglesea: in all his sufferings he
experienced much kindness from Dr. Tillotson, who had
been his fellow-student and chum a at Clare Hall.
After his enlargement from Cambridge castle, Holcroft
persevered in preaching, and formed dissenting churches.
I have been thus particular, because, assisted by other
ejected Cantabs, he became the father and founder of
the Independant congregations in and about Cam-
bridge".
Dr. Cudworth, according to Querela Cantabrigiensis,
was made Master here by the Parliament, when Dr.
Paske was ejected. He was a man of great abilities and
learning, author of the Intellectual System of the Uni-
verse, a work replete with ancient literature. It is of
• Chum is a college phrase for chamber-fellow; from Chommer, Fr.
to rest, says Bailey; Dr. Johnson better, from Chom, Armoric, to live to-
gether.
b His principal assistant was Joseph Oddy, A. M. who had been
ejected from his fellowship in Trinity College, and the living of Mil
dred, Cambridgeshire. Mr. Oddy commenced afterwards itinerant
preacher in the Isle of Ely.-An Account of Holcroft and Oddy, toge-
ther with that of the Rise and Establishment of the Dissenters in Cam-
bridge, being derived from the Dissenters' church book in St. Andrew's
parish, Cambridge, may be seen in Robert Robinson's Memoirs,
p. 35,
CLARE HALL.
51
this, that a writer, quoted by Mr. Collins, in his Discourse
of Freethinking, pp. 48-85, says, with some severity,
which, however, he qualifies by saying, "that the most
that charity itself can allow the Doctor is, if it could step
forth, and speak his character to the world, that he was an
Arian, a Socinian, or a Deist." Dr. Cudworth was
succeeded in the mastership, according to Mr. Walker,
by Dr. Theophilus Dillingham, before the Restoration.
He died 1688.
All I shall add further of Dr. Tillotson is, that he took
his degree of S. T. P. in 1666; that he was made Dean of
Canterbury 1672, Dean of St. Paul's in 1689, and that,
contrary to the expectation of alla, he stept immediately
thence, in 1691, to the archiepiscopal throne, of the
province of Canterbury. His works consist of sermons,
and few Sermons have been so much read and admired as
Archbishop Tillotson's ".
Mr. Thomas Philpot, says Mr. Carter (he should have
said Thomas Philipott, Esq.), was an antiquary: Mr.
Smyth adds, he was a poet. Of his poetry I have
seen nothing, and can say nothing. But he wrote an
Historical Discourse of the first Invention of Naviga-
tion, which is curious, and very rare, 1661 and also
Villare Cantianum, or Kent SURVEYED and ILLUS-
TRATED; being an exact Description of all the Pa-
rishes, Boroughs, Villages, and other respective Ma-
nors, included in the County of Kent, drawn out of
с
166.—This
* Dr. Richardson, in Godwin. de Præsul, &c. p. 166. This distinction,
it is said, was obtained through the influence of Bishop Burnet with
King William, and after much solicitation and importunities with
Dr. Tillotson to accept it.
b His Works were published by his Chaplain, Dr. Barker.
A copy is in the library of the London Institution.
E 2
52
CLARE HALL.
Charters, &c. 1659. It is more concerned in matters
of genealogies and heraldry, than Lambarde's Survey of
Kent: both his works are valuable, and I am persuaded, if
Philipott ever wrote poetry, it will be worth read-
ing.
The two next I shall mention were eminent, but what
were called moderate Puritans, who would have prefer-
red comprehension to separation: but both were ejected
from their livings by the Bartholomew Act in 1662. The
first was Mr. James Calvert, contemporary at Clare
Hall with Clarkson and Tillotson, and author of what
Dr. Calamy calls a learned work a, which he dedicated to
Bishop Wilkins, who says Dr. Calamy dryly" encou-
raged him to look for a comprehension;" but, "with all
his (Mr. C.'s) moderation, he was a true Nonconformist."
He was ejected from Topcleft, in the county of York,
and died in 1698.
The other Puritan was Joseph Trueman, B. D. Dr.
Calamy, amidst the admiration of his other literary at-
tainments, says of him, he was a good critic on the
learned tongues, and particularly on the Greek, where
his head would serve instead of a Lexicon." He was
author of three treatises of a controversial cast, and his
Great Propitiation was much admired (a proof how
moderate he was as a separatist) by Bishop Gunning :
he was, however, ejected from Cromwel, in Notting-
hamshire, by the Bartholomew Act, and died in 1671.
Mr. Whiston, the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics,
introduced before, must be mentioned again, as having


a Entitled, Naphtali, seu Colluctat. Theolog. de reditu 10. Tribuum
Conversione Judæorum, et Mens. Ezekiel. Lon. 4to. 1622. Dr. Ca-
lamy's Account of Ejected Ministers, p. 830.

DAVID. R. P.
w
SALOMON.
ALEXAND.MAG
C.IVL CASAR
ILLVSTRISSIMO EXCELLENTISSIMO
NECNON VERE PRINCIPI VIRO D. D
OLIVERIO CROMWELL.
SVPREMO EXERCITVVM PER ANGLIA
SCOTIAM ET HIBERN: IMPERATORI.
Bor M
CLARE HALL.
53
been Fellow of Clare Hall, of which, as he tells us him-
self, he was entered about the middle of 1686, and in 1693
became M. A. and Fellowa. A mere list of his books
would fill a score pages of our volumes; so I only touch
as it were the surface of them: for he wrote on mathe-
matics, astronomy, meteors, eclipses, the longitude, chro-
nology, and astronomical principles of natural and re-
vealed religion; the scripture-theory of the earth; he trans-
lated Josephus's History and Antiquities of the Jews; he
wrote on Primitive Christianity; four volumes on the Pro-
phecies, and the Book of Revelations, the sacred History
of the New Testament, and what he calls a Primitive New
Testament, in four parts, containing the Four Gospels, the
Fourteen Epistles of St. Paul, seven Catholic epistles, the
Revelation of St. John, together with the Titles of the rest
of the Books of the New Testament, not yet known by the
body of Christians, viz. The Epistle of the Corinthi-
• Memoirs of his Life and Writings, written by himself.
He maintained that the comet which appeared in 1680 was that
which caused the deluge.
• This he inscribed to Prince Eugene, who gave him a purse of 17 gui-
neas, adding, good-humouredly, He was not aware he had the honour
of being known to St. John. Indeed, in his Completions of Prophecies,
W. Whiston was completely mistaken, a mere "Will-o'-th' Whisp," as
one of his opponents called him (see a pamphlet with this title by a
gentleman formerly of Queen's College, Oxford). For neither did Prince
Eugene entirely destroy the Ottoman Turkish empire from Europe; nor
did he totally subvert the French Government, which latter, according to
Whiston, was to fall in 1716. I have seen Mr. Whiston's copy of his Es-
say on the Revelations, which was lent me by the Rev. Mr. Meen. It
has corrections by the author, who intended, I suppose, to have pub-
lished a third edition. This second edition, greatly improved and cor-
rected, was published in 1744.
54
CLARE HALL.
ans to Paul, and his Answer; The Epistle of Timothy
to Diognotus, and the Homily; The two Epistles of
Clement to the Corinthians; the Constitutions of the
Apostles, in eight books; The Catholic Epistles of Bar-
nabas, with the Shepherd of Hermas, in three; the ten
Epistles of Ignatius; The Epistle of Polycarp to the
Philippians; Josephus's a Homily concerning Ades, with
the Martyrdom of Polycarp. He also published a
Collection of authentic Records, belonging to the Old
and New Testament. He wrote on Baptism, the Eu-
charist; and proposed publishing all the genuine Chris-
tian writers of the three first centuries, but did not re-
ceive sufficient encouragement.
By Mr. Whiston, the apostolical constitutions were
considered as divine originals, in some cases, a surer
guide than the received canon of the New Testament it-
self. They became therefore his "immoveable guide
and standard," though now considered by Christians,
both by Catholics and Protestants, as spurious. Some
parts of his Primitive Christianity were thought favour-
2 He supposed Josephus to have been an Ebionite.
b It is remarkable enough, that Whiston has received none of those
published by Fabricius, Hamburgi 1703, in his Codex Apocryphus N.
Testamenti.
c Memoirs, vol. i. 389.
d They are, indeed, quoted by Catholic writers in abundance, and in
behalf of doctrines, for which I am sure Mr. Whiston was no advocate.
See Dr. James's Treatise of the Corruptions of Scripture, Councils, and
Fathers, &c. First Part. But their writers of greatest authority, Baro-
nius, and Possevin, the Jesuit, thought they could not be proved to be
either apostolical or lawful, or written by Clement. See also Bellarmine
de Scriptoribus Ecclesiastices, p. 51. The most judicious of Protestant
writers are, I believe, uniform in their rejection, whatever they may
think of their antiquity.
2
CLARE HALL.
55
་
ably of by several, who afterwards became Socinians or
Deists, and by others, who continued Athanasian Trini-
tarians. Whiston had expostulations, in writing, with
them all.
He wrote against Chubb, Collins, Toland, Tin-
dal, and Morgan, as well as against Dr. Sykes, and
he addressed expostulatory letters to bishops and arch
bishops. He also wrote Emendanda in Collegio; and
Emendanda in Academia: the former paper he did not
preserve; the latter may be seen in his Memoirs a.
His Memoirs contain several curious particulars rela-
tive to the opinions of the most learned men of his
time, as well among the dissenters, as members of the
University and church. Such particulars, however, be-
long not to the present place. This learned, laborious,
singular man, died in 1752.
Mr. John Lawrence was Whiston's chum in Clare
Hall, and published two or three letters of Dr. Clarke's,
and his own;-I am not aware he published any thing
beside.
Dr. Green wrote an Inquiry into the Modern Philoso-
phy.
Benjamin Newton, A.M. 1702, published a volume of
Practical Discourses; and Mr. Bulkley a poem, in
twelve books, on the Last Day.
Nearer our own time, William Green, A. M. pub-
lished a "New Translation of the poetical Parts of
Scripture,” already mentioned: contemporary with whom
was John Berridge, A. M. 1742, an eminent methodist,
senior Fellow of this College, and author of the Chris-
tian World unmasked.
}
* Memoirs, vol. i. p. 45.
56
CLARE HALL.
R. Smyth records Archbishop Hort, formerly scholar
of this college, as author of a volume of judicious Practi-
cal Sermons. He was Bishop of Furnes and Leiglin in
1721, and afterwards Archbishop of Tuam. John Wil-
cox, S. T. P. Reg. Com. 1728, was master when the
new statutes were made, at which time several pam-
phlets flew about on the subject. In this controversy, I
understand, Dr. Wilcox wrote one or two pieces. Dr.
Goddard S. T. P. 1761, Master, wrote a volume of
sermons, dedicated to the then Chancellor, the Duke of
Grafton. One is on occasion of opening the new chapel.
John Parkhurst, A. M. 1752, published an Hebrew
English, and English Greek Lexicon. He was an
Hutchinsonian, and his Hebrew Lexicon, being entirely in
reference to the Old Testament, explains its language,
agreeably to the Principia Mosis, which Mr. Hutchin-
son opposed to the Principia Newtoni. Agreeably
to this philosophy, he gives expositions of Jehova, and
Eloheim, fire, light, and spirit, the material Trinity, &c.
It is agreeable to the genius of this philosophy to find
analogies in nature to what is taught, as revealed in the Old
Testament; and it opposes the doctrine of gravitation.
The English Greek Lexicon is confined to the New Tes-
tament.
a
Dr. William Dodd was a student of this college. He
took his A. M. degree in 1759, his L. L. D. in 1766.
On his first leaving college, he became acquainted with
some leading men among the Hutchinsonians and Me-
thodists: but soon leaving them for other pursuits, and
other connexions, he became Prebendary of Brecon, and
one of the King's Chaplains; and was for many years a
popular and much-admired preacher.
* See Mr. William Jones's Life of Bishop Horne, prefixed to his
Works.
CLARE HALL.
57
His writings are various and numerous. He published
an English translation of Callimachus's Greek Hymns,
with Notes; a Commentary, and Notes on the Bible;
Sermons on the Parables; Sermons to Young Men,
with appropriate Anecdotes, in two volumes; several
single sermons; the Beauties of Shakspeare, in three
volumesª, and some anonymous pieces.
He was also the original planner of the Christian Ma-
gazine, and for some time the principal writer in it;
where his most conspicuous pieces are, Reflections on
Death, and various poems. He was also with Mr. Jonas
Hanway, one of the first promoters of the Magdalen hos-
pital, to which he became chaplain, and in behalf of
which he published hymns and recommendatory ad-
dresses.
Of his melancholy end, so well known to every one,
it is not our business to say any thing, except that it hap-
pened June 27, 1777; and that his Thoughts in Prison,
and a Sermon addressed to his unhappy Fellow-convicts,
are given to Dr. Samuel Johnson; but with what justice
I do not know.
I have just recollected the following elegant lines writ-
ten by this unfortunate man.
To a Lady, on her presenting the Author with a Rose-Bud.
The smallest of presents, received from the fair,
With pleasure we take, and with transport we wear;
But the gift of a Rose-Bud, Eliza, from thee,
Is a present, which fit for a monarch might be;
And remember one virtue the Rose hath to boast,
That its fragrance remains, when its beauty b is lost.
a The last edition of this work, published since Dr. Dodd's death,
contains a short, but most sarcastic dedication, to the Earl of Chester-
field.
b Dr. Watts, however, had been beforehand with Dr. Dodd, in the
idea
This will scent like a rose, when I'm dead.
58
CLARE HALL.
L
*
Several distinguished noblemen might also be men-
tioned, as having been students of Clare Hall; among
whom are John, Earl of Ashburnham, 1749; Thomas
Townsend, Lord Viscount Sydney, 1789; his brother,
the Right Honourable Charles Townsend, and Thomas
Holles, Duke of Newcastle, Chancellor of the Univer-
sity, 1748. In his time, the new statutes of Clare
Hall were made; and from Clare Hall his Grace went,
accompanied with the Heads of Houses (in 1755), to
lay the first stone of the eastern side of the Public
Library.
Geoffrey Chaucer is claimed by Leland for Oxford,
but Tyrwhitt, our able critic on Chaucer, an Oxonian,
too, owns, it is without the shadow of a proofa: choos-
ing to act modestly on a point disputed, I did not put
our old poet at the head of the above list, but have
chosen to place him here. For the evidence from his
writings favours Mr. Tyrwhitt's opinion that he was edu-
cated at Cambridge, and of Clare Hall.
My name alas, my harte why
Philogenet I cal'd um far and nere
Of Cabridge clerke-
Court of Love, f. 352.
Chaucer was born in 1328, and died in 1400.
* Tyrwhitt's Appendix to the Pref. to the Canterbury Tales, where his
opinion concerning Solere Hall, with a few other particulars, may be
seen.
T
上
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1

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Drawn &Eng by Ibrag
Entrance to Jesus College.
Published for the Proprietors, by Longman & CFaternoster Row
[ 59 ]
JESUS COLLEGE.
ANCIENT writings have recorded, that Jesus College
rose out of an ancient monastery; not as a young phœ-
nix is said to spring, out of the ashes of an old one,
merely invigorated with strength; but as a butterfly
springs from the chrysalis, in a new form, and with
different powers; and we have evidence sufficiently clear
to the sight, that what appears now, as a college of
scholars, was formerly a religious house.
Jesus College, as an endowed foundation, is cer-
tainly not the third in succession of our present col-
leges; but on account of the antiquity of the College of
Nuns, which preceded it, I place it here, and it suits my
convenience.
The tale of the nunnery of St. Radegunda, or Rade-
gundis for that was the name of the guardian saint of
the old establishment-must be short:
Radegunda, or Radegundis, was a queen of France,
who retiring from public life, resigned herself to monas-
tic seclusion. Hence, according to the fashion of the
times, she received canonization. Churches and reli-
gious houses in abundance were dedicated to St. Rade-
a In the charter of foundation it is thus described:
❝ Scholarium in grammatica erudiendorum," 1497. 12 Hen. VII.
60
JESUS COLLEGE.
gundis; and it was creditable for a sainted queen, more
so, perhaps, for having been married, to be looked to as
the protectress of virginity: perhaps, the reader may
not dislike the more formal account of Mr. Parker":
❝to acquaint you then with her original," says he, “Ra-
degundis was a queen of France, daughter of Bertram,
King of Thuringia in Germany, and wife to the most
potent Lothair, King of the Francs, the son of Clovis the
Great, the first Christian King of France: she, about
the year of our Lord 460, leaving her husband, retired
into a monastery at Poictiers, and there founded the
abbey of the Holy Cross, where they still shew her
tomb."
We have several instances no less remarkable in our
own history. A wife of the King of the West Angles---
her name Etheldreda---was the foundress, and herself the
first abbess, of the famous monastery that bore her
name in the Isle of Ely. The kingdom of Kent also
could boast two royal ladies, who founded monasteries
of veiled nuns, and who became the abbesses; Sex-
burga, of Shepey, and Mildred, of Thanet; and Edith,
a royal dame, founded a nunnery at Wilton; all saints,
like Etheldreda, and who all worked miracles as well as
she d
เ
a Hist. of Cambridge, p. 116.
b Called in Orig. Jes. Bertharius.
c Origines Jesuanæ MS. has it 560, and dates her death 1190, by er
ror, I suppose, in the copyist.
d Lambarde gives a sort of sauce to his "Perambulations of Kent,"
by mixing with them many of the miracles of these ladies, such as their
lying in ovens three hours without feeling the fire; drawing water over
hills, contrary to nature; banishing some noisy birds, that used to dis-
turb a particular neighbourhood; casting out the devil, &c. plenty of
:
JESUS COLLEGE.
61
The honour of endowing, and perhaps of dedicating to
St. Radegundis, this nunnery, or (as it is called in the
charter of Foundation of Jesus College) priory, is
ascribed to Malcolm Earl of Cambridge and Hunting-
don, and King of Scotland, in the middle of the twelfth
century, though a little cell of Benedictines had been
settled there, we are told, before that period.
It has already been shewn, how very inaccurate Dr.
Fuller is in fixing the date of Malcolm's endowment of
this nunnery; so it is needless to dwell on it here. It
would be easy to enlarge on the ancestry, dignities,
and successors of Malcolm, as Mr. Parker has done;
but, xoguparmı zv Bacinevσib, In kings you reach the summit :
a king of Scotland is a king of Scotland; capable of re-
ceiving little ornament from relationship, and of giving
as little to a monastery c.
which things are in the Nova Legenda Angliæ, and I rather wonder that
good Mr. Bentham, whose very valuable History of Ely is written suf-
ficiently according to the taste of the monkish times, did not give us more
of the miracles of Etheldreda.
a In the charter of Foundation of Jésus College it is entitled, Licentia
ad Prioratum Sanctæ Radegundis supprimendum et Collegium fundandum,
&c. Rymer's Fœdera, Vol. 12.
There were other places in England sacred to St. Radegundis; at
Bradsole, a village near Dover, in the county of Kent, was a monastery
of St. Radegundis, whose abbot used to be called by the king's brief to
Parliament, and therefore ranked among the proceres Regni.
There was also a chapel dedicated to her in the Crypts of St. Paul's.
Dugdale's Hist. of St. Paul's, p. 226.
Pindar. Ob. Od. 1.
• To enter, however, into the sympathies of Malcolm, the founder of
the nunnery, and the saint protectress, I cannot forbear copying from
the Orig. Jes, what the author copies from Dempster and David Came-
rarius. Deniq. ut paria hic omnia videantur, Radegunda licet uxor
:
62
JESUS COLLEGE.
It was quite natural for ladies of distinction to become
benefactresses to nunneries: accordingly we find, that
Lady Constantia, consort of Eustace, Duke of Bo-
logne, and son and heir of our King Stephen, was a
considerable benefactress to this house; which I the "ra-
ther mention, because Mr. Parker speaks as if Constan-
tia gave them only the fishery from the bridge of Cam-
bridge to the Abbey of Croyland; whereas, she gave
them lands also, and these are, I suppose, what are call-
ed Nun's Lands to this day. The deed of conveyance,
copied from the archives of Jesus College, the reader
will find in the note.
The immoralities of monasteries became the subject of
complaint very early in the 13th and 14th centuries:
Lotharii virgo tamen fuit. Malcolmus quoque ab abhorrendis nuptiis
virgo communiter dictus erat. Illam Scriptores Gallici inter suæ Gen-
'tis Sanctulas; hunc Scoti inter Gentiles Divos enumerant.
a Constantia, Comitissa Nigello Eliensi Episcopo et omni clero et om-
nibus baronibus Cantabrig. Scir. et Burgensibus de Cantebrig. tam futu-
ris quam præsentibus salutem. Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse sanc-
timonialibus de Cantebrig. totam terram earum infra Burgum et extra
tam possidendam quam possessam quiete de hagabulo et de langabulo, et
totam piscaturam, et aquam quæ Burgo pertinet tam libere & quiete et
honorifice, sicut Maritus meus Comes Eustachi liberius et honorificen-
tius habuimus, pro anima mariti mei comitis Eustachi et pro anima
Matildæ Reginæ, et antecessorum nostrorum, necnon,pro salute regis
Stephani in perpetuam Eleemosynam. His testibus N. Eliensi Episcopo,
sans date.
In the reign of King Stephen, i. e. between 1135 and 1154, Eustace,
Earl of Boulogne, son of King Stephen, was married to the Princess
Constantia, sister of Lewis the VIIth, ou le Jeune, A. D. 1137. Henry's
History.
The above Nigellus was Bishop of Ely, from the year 1133 to 1169.
The same book of archives contains also King Stephen's confirmation of
the same grant, together with Nigellus's.
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​JESUS COLLEGE.
63
they afforded matter for satire both in prose and verse.
Chaucer is never so facetious, as when satirizing them";
in Pierce Plowman's Visions, a well-known poem of the
14th century, there is a prophecy in form of their down-
fal, as we have already seen; and in the beginning of the
15th Henry IV. commissioners were appointed to visit
and reform all the monasteries of the Cistercian order in
England; so that, with respect to the dissolution of
these houses, and the confiscating of their revenues, the
Reformation of the 16th century did but hatch the egg:
for it was laid long before.
But this house of St. Radegundis required neither Lol-
lard nor minstrel, to expose it, nor any arm of secular au-
thority to shake it down. It was professedly a society of
veiled nuns, a college of virgins; yet a house of frail
sisters, who committed an act of felo de se: and this
must suffice for the priory of St. Radegundis.
Anciently there was not only over every nunnery its
peculiar guard and prior, but there were provincial
priors, who presided over all the nunneries of each
• See the Nuns and Friars Tale, in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.
b Rymer's Fœdera, vol. 8.
• There were, very early in the Christian Church, Colleges of Virgins,
as before observed. Ascetic@n, Lib. ii. Cap. xi.
A
d The following neat lines are incidentally quoted by the grave author
of Ascetican, being a History and Defence of Monastic Institutions.
Harum sunt quædam steriles, quædam parientes,
Virgineoq. tamen nomine cuncta tenent:
Quæ pastoralis baculi dotatur honore,
Illa quidem melius fertiliusq. parit;
Vix etiam quævis sterilis reperitur in illis,
Donec eis ætas Talia posse negat.
64
JESUS COLLEGE.
•
:
order in every province; but the jurisdiction of monaste-
ries belonged at this time a to the bishops of their respec-
tive dioceses. It was, therefore, John Alcock, Bishop
of Ely, who obtained licence of Henry VII. to convert
this his monastery into a college. The charter of foun-
dation is dated 1496: it was dedicated to the most Holy
Trinity, the Blessed Virgin, and St. Radegundis, though,
by the founders joining to it from the beginning the name
of Jesus, it now retains, and did from his time, only
that name.
To speak then of the founder: he was born at Be-
verley, in Yorkshire, and educated at Cambridge, where
he took his doctor's degree in 1461. He was first patro-
nized by Kemp, Bishop of London, and from inferior
preferments, rose to some of the first offices in church and
state. In 1461 he became Dean of St. Stephen's,
Westminster, and Master of the Rolls: in 1472 he was
consecrated Bishop of Rochester: in 1476, after being
made President of Wales, he was translated to Worces-
ter, where he continued ten years; for, according to
Bishop Godwin, he succeeded Morton in the see of
Archbishop Parker describes the matter thus: Alcock-papæ retu-
lit abbatissam sanctimonialium Radegundæ ordinis sancti Benedicti
haud pie sancteq. vivere; eâq, decedente, abbatiam ad ruinam paratam,
et a virginibus ordinem deserentibus desolatam fuisse, A. D. 1496. Ca-
talogus Procancellariorum Cantab. &c. sub. fin. Antiq. Britan. Eccles.
&c.
b So the Regist. Alcock (fol. 125), as referred to by Bentham, Hist. of
Ely, p. 182. The name should seem to be immediately derived from
the chapel of the monastery that was dedicated to Jesus.
Vulgo autem appellari Coll. Jesu, ab ecclesia conventuali sive sacello
Jesu dicatæ. Orig. Jes.
JESUS COLLEGE.
65
Ely, A. 1486ª, and, that his civil dignity might keep time
with his ecclesiastical, he was raised, while Bishop of Ely,
by Henry VII. to be chancellor of England'.
Alcock lived then under the full sunshine of royal pa-
tronage many years, for he did not die till the year 1500.
He, of course, acquired considerable wealth, for which
his taste in architecture found a ready vent. Many of the
Norman prelates, as the Saxons were before, and their
successors to the Reformation, are celebrated for their
skill in architecture; a skill much promoted by their pas-
sion for building churches and monasteries.
Bishop Alcock was concerned in other institutions, and
it is said, in other public edifices at Cambridge, besides
Jesus College, particularly St. Mary's Church. While
Bishop of Worcester, he erected anew, and in elegant
style, the north side of Westbury Church, in his native
county; he founded a school at Kingston-upon-Hull; he
built a chapel in the cathedral at Ely, and most of his
episcopal manor houses he is said to have improved and
adorned with various buildings.
We need not, however, suppose that all this was done,
as writers would lead us to believe, out of the bishop's
private funds. Though the unhappy nuns of Radegun-
dis might, when they were able, have dilapidated much,
yet they had still large estates. The charter of founda-
tion expressly says, they had dilapidated much, but all
their remaining estates came to the bishop, by licence
a Godwin. de Præsulibus Angliæ, p. 329.
b Mr. Wharton says, (Ang. Sac. vol. i. p. 675,) iterum creatus est, idq.
munus sesquianno, administravit,
• So stated in Dallaway's Observations on English Architecture, p.
193.
VOL. II.
F
66
JESUS COLLEGE.
from the bishop to build a college. To this day St.
Clement's, which formerly belonged to these nuns, many
lands near Cambridge, and elsewhere, called now Nuns
Land, being derived from them, belong to Jesus College.
Many other of the public works were, no doubt, done at
the church's, or the king's expense; for, according to
Parker and Bentham, Alcock was made comptroller of
the royal works and buildings under Henry VII.
I
In allusion to his name, his coat of arms was three
cock's heads, and could we suppose the cocks that appear
in the library window of Jesus College, and the window
of the chapel, and formerly in other windows, were plac-
ed there by his direction, some might suppose he was
fond of a conceit, or small wit. There is a sermon of
Alcock's, (printed in his life time,) on the Crowing
of the Cock, when Peter denied Christ, and, upon an old
window in a closet, in Jesus College, there were two bold
cocks; from the mouth of one issued, Eyw eµi Adintguwv•
am a cock; from the mouth of the other, ourws naι Eyw, SO
am I. There were also other cocks that had something
to say. The head of the cock, (three of which, with a
mitre over them, made, as observed before, Bishop
Alcock's arms,) has been, I apprehend, mistaken by Whar-
ton, for goats heads. I cannot otherwise account for the
motto placed beside his account of Bishop Alcockª:
sometimes the conceit, or rebus, was al, in old English,
and the figure of a cock, at others, an owl and a cock, as,
according to Blomefield, it was formerly decyphered in the
windows of the hall. But this kind of conceit, or re-
busing of a name, let us think as lightly of it as we may,
• Mitra super tria caprarum capita, Ang. Sacra.
b Collectanea, p. 141.
JESUS COLLEGE.
67
r
was not peculiar to Alcock: it was commonly practised
in that age, and was in some sort the very foundation of
heraldry long before.
Alcock was a considerable writer, though the only
printed work of his I have heard of,—I have never seen
it-is the sermon just alluded to. He also wrote poetry:
among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum, 1704,
imperfect, is a comment upon the Seven Penitential
Psalms, in English verse. In the University library of
Cambridge is a MS. of his, entitled, Abbey of the Holy
Ghost. What Mr. Wharton says of him is more to his
credit: omnibus animi dotibus amabilis. He died at Wis-
beach, October 1, 1500, and was buried in his own cha-
pel within the cathedral church of Ely. His effigies
placed over his tomb is much defaced, and his favorite
device of a cock is stuck about the front of the monu-
ment: so that being dead, he croweth still: and his cock
was perched over Jesus College gate, till, not a great
many years ago, it met, I suppose, with the fate of some
other unfortunate cocks on a Shrove Tuesday. There is
an original portrait of Bishop Alcock in the Combination
Room of Jesus College: and so much for the founder of
this college.
The original establishment (according to its charter)
provided for a master, six fellows, and a certain number of
scholars. By subsequent benefactions the fellows are
now sixteena, being reduced to that number, from eigh-
a I follow the charter of foundation. Archbishop Parker (Catalogus,
&c.) has it, ex magistro, sex sociis, atq. sex pueris constare ordinavit.
(Sociis, Bishop West's Statutes.) Yet Sherman, the author of the MS.
History often referred to in these notes, says, magistrum sive custodem,
et quinq. socios, et sex pueros, et reditibus ad monasterium S. Radegundis
elim pertinentibus alendos induxit, p. 28; and quotes Bishop Stanley's
F 2
68
JESUS COLLEGE.
teen, by Queen Elizabeth, of whom eight must be from
the northern counties, and eight from the southern: only
six out of the sixteen, are required to be in priest's orders.
Stanley, third son of the Earl of Derby, promoted to
the bishopric of Ely, in 1506, must be reckoned a bene-
factor to this college, for though described by a prior of
those times as, "armis quam libris peritior,” more skilled in
arms than books, for it seems he was a jolly bishop, still
he gave the appropriation of great Shelford, near Cam-
bridge, to this college, and so, in the language of those
times, must be considered a benefactor. The profits were
applied to the foundation of one of the above-mentioned
fellowships, and the patronage reserved to the bishops of
this diocese.
It may not be improper, just to notice of these fellow-
ships, that one of them was appropriated, according to
Sherman, from the foundation, to the Welsh: all those of
Jesus College, Oxford, are appropriated to the same
people.
In like manner, Dr. Thirlby, a native of Cambridge,
and Bishop of Ely in 1554, was a benefactor. He gave
Statutes, In collegio per nos erecto pusillam gregem constituimus ex sex
personis, magistro uno, & quinq sociis. He observes, too, that the Cata-
logue of Benefactors in Jesus College is incorrect, and inconsistent
with itself in mentioning only sixteen, fellows, and yet, from what fol-
lows, there were seventeen.
He concludes, Ex supradictis firmiter concludimus septemdecim socios
fundatos fuisse, quod autem hodie non nisi sedecim numeramus, id sta-
tuto per visitatores reginæ Eliz. facto tribuendum est.
a The Statutes, altered by Nicholas, Bishop of Ely, has, quod singuli
eorum si ad sacræ theologiæ studium divertant, &c. uno tantum ex in-
tegro numero sociorum excepto, qui juris civilis studio operam impendet.
b Traditum etiam reperi, sacerdotiorum sex jus patronatus Colleg.
Jesu, Cantab. contulisse. Godwin de Præs. Ang. p. 273. Dr. Richard-
son adds, viz. Fordham, Gilden-Merden, Wichford, Hiuton, Swaverey,
1
է.



.
!
Ahzabetha D G. Regina
Ang Fran et Hub
fould by Robe Peak
Bor M
JESUS COLLEGE.
69
the perpetual patronage of several livings in Cambridge-
shire. So, that the founder being a Bishop of Ely, a
Bishop of Ely having given them statutes, some of the
principal benefactors having been Bishops of Ely, the
Bishops of Ely having been its regular visitors, and pos-
sessing the right of disposing of the mastership, these cir-
cumstances all give the Bishop of Ely a peculiar interest
in this college: accordingly, the Bishops of Ely, I borrow
the words of Mr. Parker, when they came hither in the
years 1556 and 1557, are said, in the registers of Ely, to
have resided in their own house of Jesus College.
Among the benefactors, also, are recorded Sir Robert
Read, justice in the Court of Common Pleas-of whom
in another place-under Henry VIII. who gave 100l. to
found a fellowship and a brewery near the bridge, since
sold. John Fuller, L.L.D. master of the college, who
founded four fellowships, gave the manor of Gravely, in
the county of Cambridge, and the advowson of the living
there, and at his death bequeathed the fourth part of his
estate. Mr. Sutton, also, the founder of the Charter
House, who gave the impropriated rectories of Elmstead,
near Colchester, together with the perpetual advowson of
the vicarage. Many more benefactors might be enume-
rated, but I shall close the account with Mr. Rustat.
et Comberton, vel potius a regina Maria obtinuisse, centum libris ei
debitis sub privato sigillo. MS. Wren.
a Bishop Stanley gave the statutes, and Julius II. the Roman Pontiff,
confirmed them, and the foundation of the college at the same time.
These statutes hold out, (cap. 1.) one master, twelve fellows, and
eight boys: quod si posthac reditus vel possessiones Collegii ita au-
geretur, ut major numerus quam qui præscribitur infra idem collegium
commode sustentari possit, tunc ad Dei laudem, suiq. cultus augmentum
numerus sociorum vel puerorum augeatur ; & vice versa, ad dicti epis-
copi arbitrium.
70
JESUS COLLEGE.
>
For there are several scholarships and exhibitions be-
longing to this college, and good ones of above 401. a
year, of which the principal are those left by Tobias Rus-
tat, Esq. for the orphans of clergymen in any county in
England or Wales. This gentleman, son of the Rev.
Robert Rustat, A. M. (1587,) formerly of this college,
was yeoman of the robes to Charles II. and died a
bachelor in 1693, aged eighty-seven: there is a very ele-
gant mural monument erected to his memory in the north
transept of the chapel, and a fine original portrait of him,
by Sir Peter Lely, between the portraits of Archbishop
Cranmer and Sterne, in the hall.
Among the members who have distinguished themselves
by their talents, or writings, may be reckoned the follow-
ing.
William Chubbes, or Chuffs, sometimes called Chuffs,
was first of Pembroke Hall, but made master of this col-
lege, by Bishop Alcock, 13 Hen. VII.; by his advice, it
is said, Alcock first converted the monastery into a col-
lege. Mr. Parker says he published an Introduction to
Logic, and Scotus's Declaration in Secund.
Thomas Goodrich was admitted a pensioner of Bene't
College, but chosen fellow of Jesus, in 1510.
He was
distinguished by his acquaintance with the civil and canon
law; and having taken side with Henry VIII. in the dis-
pute about the marriage of Queen Catherine, was pro-
moted, at length, from the less splendid tokens of royal
favour to the see of Ely. According to Bishop Godwin,
he was consecrated April 9, 1534, and was Bishop of Ely
above twenty years and twenty days b.
At all events, those are wrong who call him Chubb.
b De præsulibus Ang. p. 333, and Bentham's Hist. and Antiq. of the
Church of Ely, p. 190. In the Appendix, p. 37, may be seen (E Regis-
i
JESUS COLLEGE.
71
Goodrich was an advocate for the Reformation, though
he trimmed a little in Queen Mary's reign. For though
he was one of the revisors of the translation of the New
Testament, and though he was in the commission for re-
forming the Ecclesiastical Laws, under Henry VIII. and
though he retained his bishopric under the Protestant
King, Edward VI. he also continued to possess it after
Popery came in. But, indeed, he died soon after, viz.
May 10, 1554, at Somersham.
Thomas Cranmer, the well known Archbishop of Can-
terbury, son of John Cranmer, of Arslecton in Notting-
hamshire, was first a student, then, in 1515, a fellow of
this college, and commenced D.D. in 1525. According
to MS. Jes. he was a proctor in 1515, and the first theo-
logical lecturer on Dr. Batemanson's foundation. He
also excelled.in the civil and canon law, and taking the
orthodox, that is, the royal side, in the dispute on the
King's marriage, rose to the first station in the church:
for, in his manner of considering the matter, to adopt the
King's phrase, "he having caught the sow by the right
"the King determined, nolente volente Cranmero, that
he should be his Archbishop, though, according to Bishop
ear,
ter, Goodrich, f. 15) his mandatum, &c. ut nomen papæ in omnibus libris
ecclesiasticis deleatur.
a According to MS. Jes. he left this appointment on his marriage, and
went to read at Buckingham College, (afterwards Magdalen,) and re-
turned to it on the death of his wife. Strype, too, says, and he is fol-
lowed by the Biographia Britannica, that he married again when in Ger-
many. It is true, that he had no children, But Mr. Pridden, (who is
followed by Mr. Wakefield, in his Life,) must have been greatly mis-
taxen, in saying, he died a bachelor. It seems also a mistake, that
states him to have been the eldest of several children. See Thoroton's
History of Nottinghamshire, p. 138.
72
JESUS COLLEGE.
+
s;
Burnet*, at an enormous expense to the Pope for bulls
and, it is said, with considerable reluctance on the side of
Cranmer. However, "it was as fatal to refuse Henry's
favours, as to offer him injuries." He wrote a book,
which was presented to, the Pope, "proving God's law
to be indispensable by the Pope." He was also said,
whether truly or not, to have assisted the King in writing
his book against Luther; had a principal hand in the
Institutions of a Christian Man, and wrote on the cor-
poral presence against Bishop Gardiner. He was also
one of the fourteen who composed the Common Prayer,
and had a principal hand in drawing up King Edward's
Injunctions.
Bishop Burnet says, he saw two volumes in folio, writ-
ten with his own hand, containing upon all the heads of
religion, a vast heap, both of places of scripture, and
quotations out of ancient fathers and later doctors and
schoolmen, by which he governed himself in that work of
the Reformation.
He had also perused an original letter of Lord Burgh-
ly's, in which he says he had seen six or seven volumes of
his writing. Pity it is, there was too much ground for
what Bishop Burnet adds of Cranmer, that he was a cruel
persecuter of heretics, and inclined to believe fanatical
stories! In Queen Mary's reign, however, he was con-
demned for heresy, and, notwithstanding his recantation,
was burnt at Oxford, in 1555.
Previously to his martyrdom under Mary, it should
seem that Cranmer acquired great estates under Edward.
For, by a history of Nottinghamshire, that principally
a History of the Reformation, Book i.
b Lloyd's Statesmen and Favourites of England, &c. p. 17.
1
1
JESUS COLLEGE.
73
concerns matters of property, it appears, that for the sum
of 4291. 13s. 2d. he obtained numerous grants: the site
of the priory of Arslecton, with the lands: the site of
Kemsted, with the demesne lands, both in Yorkshire;
and the rectory of Whatton and Arslecton, with the ad-
vowson of the churches, in Nottinghamshire, also the
manor of Wood Hall, in Radcliffe, in Nottinghamshire;
and the advowson, also, of Kingsworth, in Kent.
There are three portraits of the Archbishop in this
college, of which one, at least, is original: it is in the
Combination Room, and was given by Lord Middleton.
This nobleman married a Cartwright, who was allied, by
marriage, to the Cranmer family, in Nottinghamshire.
There was a good engraving made from this painting, at
the expense of a Mr. Cartwright, which may be seen in
Thoroton's History.
Among our Bishops of a more early period, most dis-
tinguished by his writings, was John Bale, the well-known
antiquary, author of Summarium illustrium Britannica
Scriptorum; Bishop of Ossery, in Ireland, in 1552.
Among those who would not take the covenant, there
were ejected, by the parliament, in 1643, ten A. M.s, four
B. D.s, and one D. D.. I am not aware that any are
known by their writings; none, at least, are noticed by
Walker, except Dr. Sterne, the master. He was chap-
lain to Archbishop Laud, and assisted in the Polyglott:
he also wrote two or three pieces, noticed by Anthony
Woodc. At the Restoration he was made Bishop of
Carlisle, and in May, 1664, translated to the Archbishopric
a Thoroton's History of Nottinghamshire, p. 138.
↳ Querela Cantabrigiensis. Walker mentions one more.
c Walker's Suffer. of the Clergy, p. 146.
74
JESUS COLLEGE.
1
of York.
He died in the eighty-seventh year of his
age, 1683, and was buried in his cathedral, in which a fine
monument is erected to his memory. Dr. Sterne has been
already mentioned as a benefactor to this society.
With respect to those, on the other side, who suffered
by the Bartholomew Act, I am surprised, I own, at Dr.
Calamy's omission of several eminent Puritans, who were
ejected from this college. Several that he has mentioned
will not be noticed here, but a few that he omits, will be
occasionally mentioned, (though not in exact order :) and
of this number was John Dod. He was born in the
village of Shotwedge, was a Puritan, described by MS.
as fellow, in 1578, and as one of the twelve university
preachers. He was eminent for Hebrew literature, and
wrote an exposition on the Decalogue. He was suspend-
ed from his fellowship and two college livings, in succes-
sion, and died at Stansty, aged eighty-four.
John Dod, A. M. ejected from Bettershanger, Kent,
was, I apprehend, another man. Calamy notices him as
ejected, 1662, without mentioning his college.
The Mr. John Dod, also, mentioned, as a Noncon-
formist; Eject. Min. vol. ii. p. 541, seems to have been
another man.
There was also a Timothy Dod, (a Puritan,) I suspect,
of this college. I suppose him to be the son of the
1
a Godwin de Præsul. Angl. p. 714.
b Hist. Ejected Ministers, p. 381, his name is but just mentioned. In
the two or three matters, alluded to in the text, concerning Dr. Calamy's
Ejected Ministers, I do not find any fresh light in Mr. Palmer's NONCON-
Formist's MemORIAL, which, however, in general, contains many correc-
tions and improvements on Dr. Calamy.
JESUS COLLEGE.
75
(C
famous John Dodª, and of whom it is said, by Dr. Cala-
my, at what university he was educated I cannot cer-
tainly say."
Geoffry Watts, A. M. made fellow in 1706, wrote a
book against the Anabaptists, a dreadful sect in those
days. Bishop Williams eminently distinguished himself
by his writings against the Puritans, and in favour of the
rights of kings. He died in 1671.
Dr. Bancroft was well-known for his writings against
Presbyterian discipline. He was first Bishop of London,
and translated to the Archbishopric of Canterbury in
1604; was chancellor of Oxford in 1608, and died Nov.
2, 1610".
John Sherman (the writer of the MS. often alluded to
in this account of Jesus College) must not be forgotten.
He was a native of Dedham in Essex, was first a student
of Queen's, lecturer in logic in 1656, and proctor of the
university in 1660; he was one of the syndics, and ap-
pointed to set in order the Lambeth library, and to arrange
the Bibliothecam Holdsworthianam. He was one of the
twelve university preachers; commenced S.T.P. in 1665,
and canon and archdeacon of Salisbury, in 1670. He
died in 1671; and, having left the college 1801. is entitled
to the name of a benefactor. The following lines relat-
ing to him, are written in the MS. Jes.
Qui socios omnes custodes atque patronos,
Digerit egregios ordine in historiâ,
Inter ut hic socios numeretur dignus, & ultra,
Shermannus meruit, queis Polyhistor erat.
a Id. vol. iv. p.640. There were about this time, (and as I observe from
the book of Graduates, from 1660 to 1762,) several Dods of Cambridge,
all of whom spelt their names Dod: those from the year 1725, to 1799,
spell their names Dodd.
b Godwin de Præsul. Ang. p. 157.
76
JESUS COLLEGE.
.
Thomas Young, A. M. afterwards S. T. P. though
left out of the list of Masters (having been put in, as al-
ready observed by the Parliament, according to the MS.
Jes.), was the 17th Master of this college, a Scotch-
man, and vicar of Stow Market, in Suffolk, a Presbyte-
rian, and said to have had a principal hand in Smecty-
minnus. He is left out of Calamy's Nonconformist's Me-
morial, and I am much puzzled to reconcile his having
the living of Stow Market (as, according to MS. Jes. he
had), with John Storer's, being ejected from the same
living, Noncon. Mem. vol. iii. p. 289: still more to re-
concile this presentation to a living by the College, when,
according to Dr. Calamy, a presentation to the same
living is made by a private patron: one or other must be
wrong.
1
John Worthington, D. D. was of Lancashire: he was
senior Fellow of Emmanuel College, and Vice-chancel-
lor in 1657, which office he held till 1660: he was the
eighteenth Master of this college, though he also, being
put in by the Parliament, appears not in the list of
Masters. He revised, with care, the works of Mr. Jo-
seph Mede, of Christ's College, and prefixed to them an
elaborate preface, and performed a similar office for the
works of Mr. John Smith, tutor of Queen's, of both of
whom, in their proper places. He was succeeded in the
a Of which (says Mr. Walker) he was afterwards dispossessed himself,
Nov. 14, 1650, for refusing the engagement. He also says, the Earl of
Manchester came in person to the College Chapel, and put him in the
Master's seat, and, with some other formalities, gave him the investi-
ture of this headship, Apr. 12, 1644.
b The Mr. Young, whose name is just mentioned by Dr. Calamy,
Ejected Min. vol. ii. p. 360, and vol. iii. p. 524, seems to have been
another man.
By Mr. Samuel Palmer, 1802.
1
JESUS COLLEGE.
my m
mastership by Dr. Lawrence Sterne, afterwards Archbi-
shop of York.
The name of William Petty leads us to ancient
Athens, for he performed the same part at Athens, which
according to Lydgate, our old poet, and Caius, our
Cambridge historian (after the Black Book in the archives
of the University), and the MS. Jes., the Athenian phi-
losophers Anaximander and Anaxagoras exercised at
Cambridge, in the origin of the University. He became,
it is said, a sort of professor of Greek there. He brought
home many ancient manuscripts, statues, and other mo-
numents of antiquity, well known now at Oxford by the
name of the Arundelian marbles; for Mr. Petty was
chaplain to the Earl of Arundel, and accompanied his
son on his travels into Spain, France, Italy, and Greece,
and the marbles brought by him from Athens were pre-
sented to the University of Oxford by the Earl of Arun-
del. Mr. Petty was a scholar of considerable note, and
Fellow of this college in 1612; the worst part of his
story is, that though he left £200 to his old college of
Jesus, his executor never paid the legacy.
John Elliott, A. M. translated the Bible into the ver-
nacular language of the North American Indians. He is
noticed by Sherman: there is also a Sir Thomas Ellyot
mentioned by Carter and Smyth, author of a Dictionary,
who died in 1545.
Simon Foreman, unnoticed by others, but mentioned
by Smyth, was an eminent physician and astrologer, au-
thor of a treatise de Revolutione Mundi, de laude Philoso-
phiæ,and several others on physic, astrology, and theology.
He died in 1545.
Sherman mentions Sir Richard Fanshaw, who was La-
78
JESUS COLLEGE.
tin Secretary to Charles II. and both a Latin and Eng-
lish writer, as of this college: Smyth speaks of him as
taking his L. L. D.'s degree at Oxford in 1644. He
translated il Pastor Fido of Guarini, and was author also
of a Summary of the Civil Wars of Rome. He was am-
bassador to Spain, and, according to Smyth, died at
Madrid in 1666. Thomas Legge, L. L. D. afterwards
Master of Caius College, was first Fellow of this. He
was a dramatic writer ª.
Nor should the Honourable John North, editor of
Plato's Select Dialogues, Greek and Latin, be passed
unnoticed; nor Bishops Owen and Westfield, zealous
writers in defence of the Episcopal Church. Mention
also must be made of Dr. Twells, author of a Critical
Examination of the late new Text", and version of the
New Testament.
Elijah Fenton, M. A. 1726, was author of an elegant
volume of poems: and on his death Pope wrote over him
an admirable epitaph. Mr. Fenton died in 1730.
John Pearson was at first of King's; he then became
scholar and next fellow, afterwards, in 1660, master of
this college. He took his degree of D. D. by manda-
mus, and was in great favour with Charles II. by whom
he was appointed one of his chaplains, when engaged in
the civil wars in the west of England. He was after-
wards advanced by that prince to the mastership of Tri-
nity College, in this University. He was collated to a
a Reed's and Jones's Biographia Dramatica.
b This was Nary's, the Roman Catholic, version, printed in the year
1719. Twells's work is entitled a Critical Examination of the late New
Text, and Version of the New Testament. See Lewis's Preface to Wick-
liffe's New Testament, p. 93.
*

JOHN HUGHES.
Farral by tick in Original Picture in the pepp
721
JESUS COLLEGE.
79
first prebendal stall in Ely, 1661, and consecrated Bishop
of Chester Feb. 9, 1672-3. He obtained his celebrity
by a Commentary on the Apostle's Creeda. He also
wrote, according to Smyth, Annales Cipriani, Vindicatio
Epistolarum Ignatii adversus Dallæum; there are also
his Opera Posthuma Chronologica, published by Mr.
Dodwell.
Dr. John Beaumont, born at Hadleigh, in Suffolk,
was first Fellow of Peter House, and made Master of
this college in April 1662, though at the request of the
Bishop of Ely he afterwards went to be head of Peter
House: he has been already mentioned.
John Flamstead, F. R. S. considered the greatest astro-
nomer of his age and Royal Professor of Astronomy at
Greenwich he was of this college though but for a
short time, bu AM taken in 1674 being by manda-
mus. He published several works on astronomical sub-
jects, of which the most famous Historia Cœlestis
Britannicæ, &c. grounded on the earth's motion, and the
Pythagorean system of the universe: he was born at
Derby, and died 1719. There is an elaborate account
of him, which may be seen in the Biographia Britannica.


12

John Hughes, A. M. in 1675, was editor of Chrysos-
tom de Sacerdotio, which is dedicated to Dr. Ashton.
He died 1710.
Simon Ockley, already mentioned, as Arabic Profes-
sor in 1713, was certainly of this college, as appears by
his having held the vicarage of Swavesey, Cambridge-
shire b, which belongs to it, and therefore he must have
a Bentham's Ely, 242.
This appears from the title-page of his book. He may, indeed,
have been first of Queen's, his name appearing in the Book of Gradu-
ates published in 1800, as of that college.
I
80
JESUS COLLEGE.
been Fellow. His History of the Conquest of Syria,
Persia, and Ægypt, by the Saracens (two volumes pub-
lished at different periods, the last nine years after the
first), is a valuable, though not an elegant work, it being
a compilation from authentic Arabic MSS. in the Bod-
leian Library, never before published in any European
language. He was also author of some other pieces.
He took his B. D. degree in 1710, and died in 1720.
As we come nearer our own time, it may be hoped
that our account may be a little more interesting. To
names, somewhat familiar to us, we are accustomed to
claim a sort of relationship, and to consider them as
those of old friends; and in this respect, I incline to
think, as we grow older, we grow fondér.
Charles Ashton was first of Queen's: he took his
A. B. degree in 1685; his B.D. in 1697; and his
D.D. in 1702. He was appointed Master of the col-
lege in 1701, by the Bishop of Ely, and lived to a good
old age, continuing Master for 50 years. He must, of
course, have been Vice-chancellor several times, during
which period he must have had every opportunity for com-
paring Dr. Parris's MS. Index by Hare's Collections,
which, I suppose, he did, and from his well-known ac-
quaintance with all matters of university business, with
considerable care.
Dr. Ashton was judicious and acute as a critic, but
apparently not anxious for fame: many of his MSS. and
books, with notes in them being in the college library,
unpublished. His edition of Hierocles's excellent Com-
mentary on Pythagoras's Golden Verses, is without his
name, or, it should rather be said, with another person's,
R. W. (Warren). All the notes too in Reading's edition
T
JESUS COLLEGE.
81
of Origen on Prayer, are Dr. Ashton'sa: after his
death, Mr. Kellar, Fellow of this college, published a
valuable edition of Justin Martyr from Dr. Ashton's
papers. Mr. Wakefield also has particularly noticed a
copy of Tertullian in this library, as being replete with
notes by Dr. Ashton. I have also myself perused a
Dictionary marked in the same manner.
1
Dr. Styan Thirlby was at the same time Fellow of this
college, and gained repute as a critic. He published an
edition of Justin Martyr. It is much extolled by Mr.
Wakefield, with the exception of some sarcastic notes
against Dr. Bentley. It was published in 1723.
We have few critics that combine more elegance of
taste with extensive reading, and liberality of sentiment,
than Dr. John Jortin. He was elected Fellow of this
college in 1721. His writings are various, and all pos-
sess merit: the most considerable being his Remarks on
Ecclesiastical History, and his Life of Erasmus, pub-
lished in 1758. It is founded on Le Clerc's French Life
of Erasmus, published in 1758; and, indeed, though
with considerable additions, is a translation of it. Jor-
tin owed much to those indefatigable critics, and his Life
of Erasmus is one of the most useful pieces of bio-
* Origen, it is well known, was an Arian. On Whiston's asking Bent-
ley, how an Orthodox man could be concerned in an Arian book, "the
Doctor replied, but the Notes are Orthodox." WHISTON'S MEMOIRS.
› Memoirs of his own Life, vol. i. p. 69.
e It appears, from Whiston's Memoirs, that he thought Jortin, whom
he calls "a great and learned friend of mine," a man of sufficient pru-
dence. "Mr. Jortin," says he, " has also lately published a very good
book for the Christian religion; which I suppose he believes, as do the
rest of his brethren, but hardly in earnest, so as to suffer any thing for
it."
This is said in reference to Jortin's reading the Athanasian
VOL. II.
G
82
JESUS COLLEGE.
graphy in the English language. Jortin took his M. A.
degree in 1722; and in 1755 his friend Archbishop Her-
ring conferred on him the degree of D. D.
Jortin's "Lusus Poetici," being Latin poems, much
and very justly admired, were first published in 1722.
To an abusive poem, written against them by some per-
son of Sidney College, Jortin replied as follows-
Angry reformer of the times,
The Lord have mercy on thy rhimes:
Thy verses have an ague got,
They are so very cold and hot.
Mr. Jackson, an eminent chronologist, must be men-
tioned. He was of the Arian sentiments. Many of his
books, with his own MS. notes, are in this college library.
Dr. Kennicott's testimony" to the merit of his "Chronolo-
gical Antiquities," as quoted by Mr. Wakefield, is worth
quoting again: "Totam questionem de Chronologia anti-
qua, præ cæteris, perspicacissime et accuratissime, quantumı
ego judicare valeam, solvit Jacksonus." Mr. Jackson
was A. B. in 1706. If the book of graduates is cor-
rect, he never took the degree of A. M. He died in
1763.
Creed, a mark of heterodoxy with W. Whiston. Whiston's Memoirs,
vol. i. p. 357. For a more particular account of Jortin, see his Life by
Dr. Disney, 1792, and an eulogium on him by Dr. Parr, wrought up
in his best manner, in the Preface to two Tracts by a Warburto-
nian.
• Kennicott's General Dissertation, sect. 74. subjoined to his Hebrew
Text of the Old Testament.
Memoirs, &c.
JESUS COLLEGE.
83
+
Lyndford Caryl was a grave minute gentleman, and most
parsimonious in the use of words. "Gen-tle-men,”—he
generally put a few seconds between every word,-“ we-
shall-ei-ther-gain-this-e-lection,-or-we-shall-
lose-this-election;" and beginning again, (ditto repeat-
ed) by—“ a single vote" But he was correct, as to the
event. Dr. Caryl was a proper gentleman to continue the
List of Graduates begun by Richardson. This useful
work he undertook. He was D.D. in 1751, and suc-
ceeded Dr. Ashton in the mastership of Jesus.
Mr. Francis Fawkes, the translator of Appollonius
Rhodius, Theocritus, and Anacreon, was of this college.
The translations may be seen in Dr. Anderson's edition of
Translations. He was assisted in his Apollonius Rho-
dius by Mr. Meen, formerly fellow of Emmanuel College',
who brought it through the press, after his death, and
himself translated Coluthus. Mr. F. died in 1777.
an
Contemporary with him was Mr. Nevile, a easy and
elegant imitator of Horace's and Juvenal's Satires: and
to whose character Mr. Wakefield has annexed these lines,
from Mr. Nevile's own imitation of Horace, Ep. i. 4.
'Tis your's to act the just, the candid part,
Your's the rare union of the head and heart;
Engaging manners, temper well refin’d,
Sense, and the freedom to declare the mind.
Of David Hartley, the author of Observations on
See Wakefield's Memoirs.
b So I am informed by Mr. Meen himself.
& 2
84
JESUS COLLEGE.
•
Man, much might be said; but he has been already in-
troduced; so the less will be said here. He was student
of this college, and there is some account of Hartley's
religious sentiments in Mr. Wakefield's Memoirs, where
it is said he did not go into orders, from scruples of con-
science; and a just critique on his doctrine of Vibrations,
in Dr. Aikin's and Mr. Morgan's Biographical Diction-
ary. He was, it seems, an Arian. He took his A. M.
degree at Cambridge, in 1729, his M. D. elsewhere;
but, it appears, his family preferred his Cambridge degree,
and used to call him Mr. Hartley.
Lawrence Sterne, who has made so many persons
laugh, and look grave, and exquisitely feel, at the same
time, began to be witty first in this college. He took his
M. A. degree in 1740. His Tristram Shandy, and Sen-
timental Journey, are indebted for something, both of
manner and matter, to Burton's rich book, entitled the
Anatomy of Melancholy. He was descended from Arch-
bishop Sterne, already noticed as master. Besides the
works alluded to, our witty-grave Yorick wrote Sermons,
and there is a posthumous work of his, being letters to
Eliza. He died in 1768, the following epitaph being
written by his friend David Garrick, the actor.
Shall pride, a heap of sculptur'd marble raise,
Some worthless, unmourn'd titled fool to praise ?
And shall we not, by one poor gravestone learn,
Where genius, wit, and humour sleep with Sterne ?
a Of this scientific, ingenious, but I think, incomprehensible work,
there was a second edition published with notes, being a translation from
the German of the Rev. Herman Andrew Pistorius. An Abridgment,
.
-
JESUS COLLEGE.
85
:
Contemporary with Sterne, though of a different cast
of mind, was Henry Venn, A. B. of this college, (1745,)
though of Queen's, where he became fellow, in 1759,
when he took his M. A. being the first scholar on Dr.
Battie's foundation, in 1747. He first held the living of
Huddersfield, in Yorkshire, and afterwards of Yelling, in
Huntingdonshire, being of the same school as John Ber-
ridge, of Clare Hall, favouring the doctrines then propa-
gated by the methodists. He was a popular preacher,
and author of several religious treatises; the best known
is that entitled, the Complete Duty of Man, which has
gone through several editions.
Mr. Gilbert Wakefield must close this list.
He was
the son of Mr. George Wakefield, formerly of this col-
lege, late vicar of Kingston, and minister of Richmond,
in Surry. As a student, he was of extraordinary indus-
try, and a writer of no less extraordinary quickness and
variety; editor, translator, critic, poetical imitator, and
auto-biographer. His published works consist of thirty-
six articles, some of several volumes, and considerable
character. Of his Entire New Translation of the New
Testament, I have had occasion to speak in a former work
of mine; and of his edition of Lucretius, and of his
Silva Critica, in this work. The first number of his
Silva Critica was printed at the Cambridge University
press, in 1789.
Being a separatist from the established church, and a
whig in his political principles, he was engaged much in
also, was made of it by Dr. Priestley. Both sides of this curious ques-
tion, on the Nature of the Soul, (which, after all, I suspect, must be
resolved into the incomprehensible arcana of nature,) are stated at large
in Dr. Rees's edition of Chambers's Encyclopædia, under the article
Soul.
86
JESUS COLLEGE.
the controversies of the time. His Lucretius à hé dedi-
!
cates, in a Latin copy of verses, to Mr. Fox.
For some expressions, at which government took of-
fence, in his reply to a pamphlet of the Bishop of Llan-
daff, he was sentenced to two years' imprisonment in Dor-
chester jail. During his confinement he published a cri-
tical work on the Metrical Laws of the Greek Poëts, in-
genious and valuable, but somewhat hypothetical: and he
left in MS. very greatly advanced, an English Greek Lexi-
con. He died at Hackney, in Middlesex, Sept. 9,´ 1801,
aged only forty-five.
Mr. Wakefield took his A. B. degree in 1776; but never
took his A. M. from dislike to subscription.
I purposely avoid entering into nice discriminations of
character, either in a way of panegyric, or censure, in this
work. But of an estimable friend, well known by many
years' intimacy, I must be permitted to add, that what ever
apparent asperities occur in his writings (more critico) they
never passed into his private life. There he was eminent-
ly amiable and mild.
And this must suffice for biography. Let us pass to
more general remarks. The most agreeable spots were
usually selected for monasteries. As the choice was made
for life, and preferences were allowed the religious, they
of course chose the best; and it is allowed there is no
college of the university, the site of which is better adapt-
This is one of the most splendid editions of a classic author, that
ever issued from an English press, in three volumes folio, and very
scarce, many copies having been burnt at a fire which happened at the
printing office. A copy, bound in Russia, usually sells for at least eighty
guineas.*
b Noctes Carcerariæ. sive de Legibus Metricis Poetarum Græcorum,
qui versibus Hexametris Scripserunt, Disputatio.
< At their rise, however, it was the reverse.
JESUS COLLEGE.
87
ed to retreat than this. So that James I. who, amidst
many conceited sayings, often hit off a good one, being
on a visit to Cambridge, not unaptly remarked, that if he
lived in the university, he would pray at King's, eat at
Trinity, and study and sleep at Jesus".
b
The approach to the college, from the south, is by a
long wide gravel walk, between walls on the right and left
hand, that bound the master's and fellows' gardens. This
is the avenue to the grand front. The building consists
of two parts: one is the court, built on three sides, the
first stone of which was laid about 1637, the building
completed in 1643, and the situation of which is so much
admired for its meadows, grove, and adjoining river. The
other part is of great antiquity. But though these two
departments of building are of very different ages, yet as
a whole, it is compact, and the parts are all in harmony
with each other.
Leaving the former part with an expression of general
approbation, let us direct our more particular attention to
the latter. It will repay the attention of the antiquary;
for part of this is the oldest building in the university, the
chapel and library, with some other parts, being the re-
mains of the old priory.
The cloisters, of course, though not equal to those
conventual structures, annexed to some of our cathedrals,
should be noticed, as a natural appendage to the place,
and when associated, though only with the dreams of an-
cient times, may excite no únpleasing melancholy in a
contemplative mind,
a Dr. Fuller's History of Cambridge.
b This court was rebuilt, when Dr. Sterne was master. There is a large
list of names in Sherman, of the benefactors who contributed to it.
་ ་
88
JESUS COLLEGE.
:
While ever-pleasing contemplation reigns.
Pope.
The cloisters, however, as they now appear, are not the
cloisters of the old monastery, though built on its site.
The chapel was the parochial church of St. Rhadegund,
the impropriation of which was given to the monastery in
1241; and, when the monastery became a college, this
church became the college chapel.
The style of building in the chapel is what may be called
the simplest, original, and earliest departure from that
style of building introduced by the Normans among the
Saxons. This style took place in the 11th and 12th cen-
turies, and within this period the chapel was built, for se-
veral vestiges of that style remain there. It bears at once
a reference to the period when the college was built, and
to Jesus, to whom the chapel was dedicated for it forms
a complete cross, composed of the north and south tran-
septs, nave, and chancel, in the middle, over which, at the
intersection of the arches, rises the square tower, remind-
ing us of the Abbey of the Holy Cross, founded in France
by St. Rhadegund. The arches are a little pointed in
their first approach to what is called, though inaccurately,
the Gothic, in their departure from the semicircular Saxon.
The massy pillars; the little narrow windows in the chan-
cel arched, though not quite semi-circularly, all indi-
cate a style of building followed here in the 11th and
12th centuries".
These criteria determine the age of the chapel. One
inscription, at least, determines its character, in reference
to the monastery to which it was annexed.
a Bentham's History and Antiquities of Ely, chap. v. and vi. and
Dallaway, ch. i.
·
:

Drawn, & Engby Greg.
Jesus College Chapel
Pablohet for the priors by Langman & C Paternoster Row. Jan.1.18
JESUS COLLEGE.
89
1
MORIBUS ORNATA IALET PIL BONA BERTE ROSATA,
that is,
Here the good nun, Berta Rosata, lies
Adorned with morals.
The other inscription has somewhat puzzled antiqua-
ries: it is, HIL IALET FRATER 1OHANNES DE PYKENJAM
MAGISTER SALRE THEOLOCIE, PRIOR HUIUS LOLI, LUIUS
ANIME PROPITIETUR DEUS, that is, Here lies brother John,
of Pykenham, master of sacred theology, prior of this
place, to whose soul may God be propitious.


Both inscriptions have the same intermixture of Roman
and Saxon characters, but that, as I have shewn elsewhere,
cannot, determine the age of an inscription. Some have
supposed, there must have been a house of monks here
st have been
before the nunnery, or that the stone bearing the inscrip-
tion, was brought from a neighbouring house of Francis-
cans
Blomefield's Collectanea, p. 143. I subjoin the following hints for
the consideration of the curious reader. The writer of MS. Jes. has
this observation: "Johannes Ripley Miles qui claustra suis sumptibus
(et navim ecclesiæ) CONSTRUXIT et PLUMBO COOPERUIT:" but probably it
is meant, that he only repaired these places. For, is it probable, if
he first built them that there should have been no monument to him in his
own chapel, (where there are many) and so small notice taken of him
among the benefactors?
Query. Might not both the above stones have been brought here as
reliques of antiquity when the chapel was renovated by Sir John Ripley?
The same writer of MS. Jes. gives his reason for supposing, that the
above inscription was written not long before the dissolution of the mo-
nastery.
I must, however, add, that abbesses, or prioresses, could not confess, or
give absolution, or even preach, "because they” had not "the power
of the keys," so that they must necessarily have admitted among them

90
JESUS COLLEGE.
Mr. Bentham, in his History of Ely, shews, that the
religious houses of St. Benedict were of three kinds; one
admitted only men; another only women; a third, both
men and women. Of the latter description, he observes,
was the house of Benedictines at Ely, under the abbessi
Etheldreda. I should have been disposed to think this
house had been of the last description, if I could find,
that such houses admitted the government of a prior, as
well as a prioress; but, as for this I have no authority, I
shall hazard no opinion.
The college chapel has, of late years, undergone some
repairs, at the expense of Mr. Tyrwhitt, who is, at pre-
sent, a residing member of the college. Over the altar is a
painting by Jouvenet, a French painter, given in 1796, by
Dr. Pearce, the present master-the Presentation in the
Temple. It has been thought by some, that the light
Ionic pillars have not much in common with the venerable
Gothic; and truly: however, it not being of the genius
of modern architecture, to imitate the Saxon and Gothic,
the Ionic was considered, perhaps, by the artist, as the
best mean distance between the plainness and grandeur of
the other Grecian and Roman orders.
The library is in the old building, and preserves its air
of antiquity. One of the earliest contributors to it was
John Sikes, A. M. rector of Kirton, in Nottinghamshire,
who bequeathed his library to this college. But Jesus
monks. Some nunneries had among them, vicarii, seu rectores monia.
lium, who were called spiritual fathers, or patriarchs; and all had their
confessors (confessores ordinarii.) Their rules or canous may be seen
in different synods or councils.-Vid. Asceticŵn sive orig. rei Monast.
lib. ii. cap. 13. These fathers are sometimes called Presbyteri, but never,
as I find, priors. Mr. Wakefield has, incorrectly, given a date to this
inscription.
JESUS COLLEGE.
91
library was not of much account till 1660. In 1663, Dr.
Gascoigne left his books to it.
At present it contains, perhaps, (I speak at hazard)
about two hundred MSS. Among those now in the library
are a copy of Virgil, which has been collated; one of Ovid
de Vétula, lib. 3. An old English book of the time of
Wickliffe; an old English poem of, I believe, Lydgate's ;
a Vulgate Bible, with several of the Fathers, and some
Commentaries on Civil and Canon Law, together with
some eastern manuscripts.
Among the MSS. also, should be mentioned, fifteen
books of Mr. Jackson's, the chronologist, with several of
Dr. Ashton's, containing, MS. notes already alluded to.
Not to dwell on the printed books, it may seem natural
to mention, at least, two, as having some distant relation
to this our College History.
Among the curious books, then, of this library, is the
Lyfe of the Saint Patroness of the Nunnery; curious it
is, as being black lettered, printed by Rychard Pynson,
printer to the Kynge's noble grace; Dr. Farmer, too, who
gave it to this library, saying, "though he had been for
many years inquisitive after pieces of this sort, that he
does not know that another copy exists in the world." A
string of meaner miracles, and filthier falsehoods, indeed,
was never put together in rhime: still, for the reasons
above-mentioned, it is a curiosity, the "Lyfe" of this very
Saynte" Radegundye.
"
This book places Thuringa in Africa, and makes the
father of Radegund, Berangary:
At the same season, as sayth the history,
A noble prince reyned in Africa,
Named in cronicles, kyng Berengary,
92
JESUS COLLEGE.
!
Borne in a citie named Thorynga,
Within the said kingdom now called Barbarea.

She was wife and maid, it is said, for she never lost
her virginity. Yet the poor monk seems to forget him-
self in the course of the story, for he speaks of her son,
if I can believe my eyes :

blynde
This sayd kyng, Lothary, in conscience
Came with his company to the citie of Turen,
Under craft and polisy prepared in myude,
With the notable prince Sygibert her son,
Dissemblying pylgrymage and goostly intencion,
Approchyng Pectavis the rather that he myght
Take from religyeon his wyfe that same nyght.
Perhaps her might be a misprint for his, or her might
mean their, as it does perpetually in our old English
writers: and the monk may be got out of the scrape by
supposing there might be a son by a former wife. But
things of this kind admit not of criticism: we must take
them as we find them.
The other printed book I shall barely mention, is a
single sermon of Bishop Alcock's, on the Crowing of the
Cock, which I notice again, as being written by the
founder, and for an apportunity of subjoining another
note relating to him
It is not necessary to speak particularly of the master's
lodge, hall, and combination room, mention having already
a In the university library there is a MS. entitled, the Abbey of the
Holy Ghost: but as Bishop Alcock is usually spoken of only as a divine
and architect, I must add, that he was also a poet. In the British Mu-
seum there is a MS, poem of his, of some length.

0001
914753
Drawn & Eng by J. Greig
Part of the Randrangle Jared College
Published for the repris by Longman & Paternoner Raw Jan Labe
JESUS COLLEGE.
93
been made of the agreeable situation of this college, and,
incidentally, of the principal portraits.
With respect to the gardens (I mean the master's and
fellows', for they are both worth noticing,) though they
contain but little of shrubbery, they are, at least, the best
fruit gardens in the university, with walls
Of goodliest trees, loaden with fairest fruit,
Blossoms and fruits, at once of golden hue
Appear, with gay enamell'd colours mixt.
i
Paradise Lost, book 3.
In the fellows' garden is a good proportion of flowers
and plants, which, to assist the botanical student, are
marked with their scientific names, according to the sys-
tem of Linnæus.
#
[ 94 ]
PEMBROKE HALL.
CABINETS, though small, may contain great treasures:
and this Hall, though not large, has always possessed its
full share of literary merit, and, in several respects, sur-
passed in celebrity some that are larger. For, on consi-
dering the rank, and the number of its patrons, the many
eminent men who have been educated here, and the lite-
rary character which, as members of the academical body,
its students have long sustained; none, for its size, go be-
yond it. Kings and nobles, popes and prelates, take pre-
cedency in the world; and such have been its patrons;
and in great abundance. Medallists and poets, senior
wranglers, and mathematicians, take precedency in the
University, and of these its full proportion is boasted, and
not without reason, by Pembroke Hall.
This hall, or college, then, was founded by a lady, one
by birth allied to royal blood, and who, though unfortu-
nate, was not disgraced, by marriage.

a
Maria de Sancto Paulo was related to the first blood,
both in France and England. Her father was Guido de
Chastilion, Earl de Sancto Paulo in France; her mother,
Marie de Britannie, daughter of John de Dreux, Earl of
Richmond, and Duke of Bretagne, and of Beatrice,
daughter of Henry III. Baroness of Voisser and Mount-
anacte: and she was the third wife of Audamarie de
Valence, Earl of Pembroke.
a So called in the first deed of conveyance,

Drawn & Eng by Greg.
G
88
Entrance to Pembroke College.
Published for the Proprietors by Longman &C Paternoster Row Jan Lib
Dor M
PEMBROKE HALL.
95
+
Our lady had the misfortune to lose her husband the
very day she was married: Leland has noticed the cir-
cumstances attending his death: let it suffice to say, it
was at one of the fashionable barbarisms of that
tournament, or hastiludia, at her nuptials. It is therefore
usual to say of this lady, that she was virgin, wife, and
widow, all in one day.
age, a
Though with respect to a former Earl of Pembroke,
some of the estates of that family had devolved, on the
death of the Lady Valentia, to the crown, still it re-
tained large fortunes: and notwithstanding the untimely
death of her husband, it is said, that the Lady Valentia,
of whom we are here speaking, had been solemnly ap-
pointed his joint executrix, with others; so that she was
most abundantly rich. Upon the death of her husband
also, it is said, her mind took a turn of devotion; and
that having resolved on a single life, she consecrated her
vast possessions to religious uses. Among other cha-
rities, Denny Abbey, in this county, founded in the
twenty-eighth year of Edward, according to the strict
and famous order of St. Clare, was the child of her
birth; and it was enjoined on those who were elected
into her college, to be constant in their visits to this reli-
gious house, as their ghostly counsellors and instruc-
4
tors.
But the foundation, which bears her name, seems to
have been the first which employed her regards. It was
originally called the college of Maria de Valencia, but
has since been changed into Pembroke Hall.
The lady, we are told, continued in widowhood 60
years, having lived many years after the foundation of
→ Chauncy's Hist. of Hertfordshire.
96
PEMBROKE HALL.
her college. She, therefore, saw her original master and
scholars well provided for, and left her hall in a flourish-
ing state. She died 1377, and was buried in her own
abbey of St. Clare.
The site of this college is on several messuages and
hostles, of which one was called Hospitium Universita-
tis, as belonging to the University. The first was con-
veyed to the countess by Henry Staunton, and by her to
her new Institution in 1347a: the second, belonging to
the University, was conveyed to the countess in 1351;
and was by her conveyed afterwards to the college.
A third messuage was conveyed to the college in
1389; a fourth by Thomas Wendy in. 1549; a fifth
messuage, first conveyed by John Fayreye to Helen
Bolton, and co-feoffers in 1423, was conveyed by her to
the college in -1430; a sixth had been an hostle of St.
Thomas's, founded in 1446. Other messuages also were
conveyed, which, altogether, compose the premises,
and adjoining tenements, now belonging to this col-
lege.
With respect to the foundress's share in this new foun-
dation, she further endowed it with the appropriation of
Saxthorpe, the impropriation of Wanesly and Tilney,
and the patronage of those three vicarages, with part of
the manor of Kippenden, in Derby, and afterwards with
an annual rent out of Wissenden, in Rutlandshire, and
with a farm in Burwell, Cambridgeshire.
Among the other benefactors may be reckoned, Robert
de Thorpe, second master; John Sudbury master in
a Dat. apud the Mote juxta Cheshunte, Nono die Junii Regni Regis
Edwardi tertii post Conquestum Vicesimo Secundo.
Pembroke Hall Archives.
PEMBROKE HALL.
97
1411; John Somerset, physician to Henry VI. who
gave a manor at Swaffham, and particularly Thomas
Langton, Bishop of Salisbury, in 1493. He was the
sixth master of this college. Through his influence, he
obtained for it, of king Henry VI. the rectory and
manor of Soham, the priory and rectory of Great Lyn-
ton, with the chapel of St. Margaret: he was also per-
sonally a benefactor to the chapel and library, and it ap-
pears King Henry VI. himself was so attached to this
college, that he used to call it his adopted daughter
a
John Tindman, Fellow in 1380, was the first benefac-
tor to the library. About the same time, John Southe
increased it with a donation of books. Dr. Lindwood,
the author of the Provincials, also was a benefactor; and
Thomas Watts, D. D. and Fell. gave farms at Ashwell
and Sanston, for the support of scholarships, called Greek
scholarships and among the benefactors two ladies also
are reckoned, Alice, widow of William Smart, alderman
of Ipswich, and Jane Coxe, relict of Bishop Coxe, and
first of Dr. Turner, Dean of Wells. This lady endow-
ed a scholarship, from respect to the memory of the
dean, who had been Fell. of this college.
One of our writers of Cambridge history, after mak-
ing out a long list of benefactors, enumerates no less than
six popes who bestowed on this house favourable grants,
and a succession of English kings, who honoured it
with their smiles and commendations: and they almost all
notice Queen Elizabeth's commendatory exclamation, as
* In a charter of Henry VI. granting lands to this college, it is thus
expressed--Notabile & insigne, et quam p:etiosum Collegium, quod
inter omnia Loca Universitatis (prout certitudinaliter informamur) mira-
biliter splendet & semper resplenduit.
VOL. II.
H
·
.
98
PEMBROKE HALL.
she passed it-Oh! Domus antiqua et religiosa, Oh!
ancient and religious house.
I proceed to our eminent and learned men; and shall
just notice first what Bishop Wren observes, of the two
first masters, Thomas Bingham and John Thorpe: the
first, he says, is not mentioned as master in any ancient
writings; and the second is never mentioned as fellow in
any catalogue now extant; though, having been master
from 1973 to 1389, he must, the bishop says, have been
previously fellow, since a hundred years after, the college
were obliged to get a dispensation to alter, in a single in-
stance, that rule a. This remark, amidst other proofs, al-
ready produced, shews, how negligently the first college-
registers were kept.
The first person I shall mention is William Lindwood.
He was first fellow-commoner of Gonville Hall, but was
afterwards fellow of this college, at nearly its rise in
1388. He became rector of Walton, in Lincolnshire,
doctor of laws, chancellor to the Archbishop of Can-
terbury, ambassador from Henry VI. to the King of
Spain and Portugal, and in 1442 he was made Bishop
of St. David's. He wrote several things, and one is of
great celebrity, in which he reduces to order, the ca-
nons of all the synods, from Stephen Langton to Henry
Chichley, Archbishop of Canterbury. He died in 1446,
and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Stephen's,
Westminster.
• De Custodibus & Sociis Pembrochianis. MS.
b Godwin de Præsulibus, 583.
< There is a fine MS. of this in Peter House library, in which Lind..
wood is styled Johannes de Arbore Tiliæ.
PEMBROKE HALL.
99
!
But I shall forbear noticing any other distinguished
men till we come to our two Protestant martyrs, Mr.
John Rogers and Dr. Nicholas Ridley; the latter was
accounted the most learned of our English reformers: he
was chosen fellow 1524; in 1540 he was appointed mas-
ter, and was of great account in the University.
Henry VIII. made him Bishop of Rochester in 1547,
and in 1549 he was translated to London. He suffered
in Mary's reign, 16th October, 1555; and every body
every.body
knows his affectionate farewell to Pembroke Hall.
"Farewell, Pembroke Hall! mine own college." &c.
There is an interesting account both of Ridley and
Rogers in Burnet's History of the Reformation, and
Fox's Acts and Monuments. Ridley assisted in compil-
ing the Liturgy, and some treatises of his were highly
thought of; De abominationibus sedis Romanæ; on
the Lord's Supper; and one against Transubstantiation.
Among his printed letters, Bishop Wren speaks of the
last relating to himself, as particularly interesting. Ro-
gers, it is said, assisted Tindal in his Translation of the
Bible.
John Bradford, too, A. M. was fellow of this college
about 1547, and suffered on the first of July, 1556. He
had been Bishop Ridley's chaplain; author of several
letters on the mass, which are in MS. in the public
library.
Contemporary with these was Dr. William Turner, an
eminent physician and divine, and John Hall, put down
in the History of Framlingham, as A. B. and Fellow.
• History of Framlingham, p. 226,
➤ Id.
Jor M
H 2
100
PEMBROKE HALL.
Dr. Turner was author of several treatises in both pro-
fessions, particularly on the mass, and a new herbal, and
is said to be the first in this kingdom who made a herbal.
Mr. John Hall turned Papist: he seems to have been a
learned, conscientious man, and wrote two treatises in
Latin, one, de Schismate, the other, de Erroneâ Con-
scientia.
Dr. John Young came from St. John's by royal man-
date, as master here, in 1554: he was a zealous Papist,
and wrote against Bucer. In Queen Elizabeth's reign,
he left his mastership July 20, 1559, and died 1579.
The letters against Bucer are in English: from the letter
written by the college to Grindall, it appears that Dr.
Young was a very learned and excellent man. Bishop
Wrena says, he was driven from the Protestant reformed
church through the violence of Cecil.
There was a gentleman, famous about this time, though
not within the walls of the college, nor so celebrated as-
Roger Bacon, or John Dee: this was Francis Anthony,
M. D. a great adept in the occult art: he wrote Medi-
cinæ chymicæ et veri potabilis auri Assertio, &c. with an
Apology for them in English. Dee is mentioned by Mr.
John Smith". I shall speak more of Dee under Trinity
College.
John Christopherson, first scholar of this college, and
after foundation scholar of St. John's, became master of
Trinity, and rose to be Bishop of Chichester: he was a
man of much learning, and translated Eusebius's Ecclesi-
с
a De Custod. & Sociis Pembrochianis. MS.
De Viris Illustribus.
e Viz. in 1557. Godwin de Præsul. p. 513.
}
1
PEMBROKE HALL.
101
astical History, and Philo into Latin. He was, if I mis-
take not, deprived of his bishopric in the beginning of the
reign of Queen Elizabeth, though it is unnoticed by
Bishop Godwin.
It is remarkable that Edmund Grindall, D. D. and
John Whitgift, D. D. were both in succession masters of
this college, and both, in succession, Queen Elizabeth's
archbishops; though the former, it is said, never resided
as master, and gave in his resignation in 1552 a, and the
latter was master only three months, being removed to
Trinity. Grindall wrote the Dialogue between Truth
and Custom, in Fox's Martyrology, a work against the
real presence, and the Norma Hominis Christiani. He
died, being blind two years before his death, in 1583.
Of Archbishop Whitgift some account has already been
given.
•
The name of Edmund Spenser appears not in the list
of fellows, but is the pride of the college. The pane-
gyrist of the reign of the Virgin Queen, too, was, we may
be assured, admired by Elizabeth, in return: but what
best speaks his excellence is, he has been the admiration
and study of our best English poets. But the poet of
those sweet eclogues, called the Shepherd's Calendar,
and that extraordinary poem, the Fairy Queen, thus mo-
destly describes his style and pretensions himself:
Lo! I, the man whose muse whilome did maske,
As time her taught, in lowly shepheards weeds,
Am now enforst a farre unfitter taske,
For trumpets sterne to chaunge mine oaten reeds,
a Hist. of Framlingham.
ཟ
•
1
102
PEMBROKE HALL.
And sing of knights and ladies gentle deeds,
Whose praises having slept in silence long,
Me all too meane the sacred muse areeds,
To blazon broad amongst her learned throng :
Fierce warres and faithfull loves shall moralize my song.
Contemporary with this great poet was Gabriel Har-
vey, his particular friend, and a poet too; some of whose
letters are inserted in Spenser's works; and he it is, who is
intended by Mopsus, in the Shepherd's Calendar, as Arch-
bishop Grindal was by Algrin: he was fellow of Pem-
broke in 1570.
In connexion too with Spenser must be mentioned
Ralph Bathurst, B. D. fellow, and presented to the living
of Water-vile, in Huntingdonshire. He turned Spenser's
Shepherd's Calendar into very elegant Latin verse. There
was a reprint of it in the year 1782, with a short but well-
written Life of Spenser: all that further belongs to this
place, is to observe that Spenser was matriculated at
Cambridge, when about 14, May the 20th, 1569, that he
took his B. A. degree in 1573: his M. A. in 1576:
that he died in 1598, and was buried, according to his
wishes, near Chaucer, in Westminster Abbey.
A poet, less known, is mentioned in the list of fellows
about this time, Rodolph Rowley, A. B. a dramatic
writer: his Witch of Edmonton has been much ad-
mired.
b
* Elegantissima quoque sunt illa et Pembrochiano digna, quibus
Spenser noster sub Algrini pastoris persona (metathesis ea nomen est)
inter pastoralia casum mæret hujus præsulis. Ibid. p. 100.—I speak
after Mr. Ball's Latin Life of Spenser, in saying, by Mopsus is intended
Mr. Harvey.
♣ In Mr. Charles Lamb's Specimens of English Dramatic Poets, this
4
PEMBROKE HALL.
103
Of Foxe, Bishop of Winchester, notice will be taken
under Trinity College. We are now approaching the
disputatious æra of the Episcopalians and Puritans.
Ralph Brownrig, D. D. chosen fellow of Pembroke
in 1611, was afterwards master of Catharine Hall in
1643: a pious Arminian, a zealous loyalist, and ce-
lebrated preacher: he was made Bishop of Exeter in
1641, and was Vice-chancellor of the University in 1643
and 1644. No cathedrals suffered more than Exeter
during the civil wars; yet Brownrig seems to have suffer-
ed less than several of his party. When Cromwell con-
sulted him on a certain point, he gave him advice and
rebuke at the same time" Render unto Cæsar the
things that are Cæsar's, and unto God, the things that are
God'sa" He seems to have been the Tillotson of his
day, there being no less than two folio volumes of his
sermons.
Prelacy and Puritanism had about this time, and in
succession perhaps, an equal number of men, distin-
guished by their writings; indeed, several of the episco-
pal writers had a considerable tincture of Puritanism: of
this number, was Dr. William Fulke, who had been ejected b
from his fellowship at St. John's, for Puritanism, but in
May 1578 was admitted master of this college. He
wrote a book de Meteoris, and some controversial works
against Saunders and Stapleton, the Jesuits: he also
play is made the joint production of Rowley, Decker, and Ford; and
Rowley is called William; so, also, in Reed's and Jones's Biographia
Dramatica. I follow the Catalogue of Fellows.
• Mercurius Rusticus, Part II. Ch. 4.
The Querela Cantabrigiensis notices 16 ejected loyalists from this
College in 1643,
:
104
PEMBROKE HALL.
1
wrote against the Popish or Rhemish Translation of the
Bible. I think I have seen a short MS. Life of him in
Caius' College library.
Lancelot Andrews, D. D. was chosen master of this
college in 1589: when made Bishop of Chichester, he
resigned his mastership, and rose to be Bishop of
Winchester in 1618: he was one of the Hampton Court
Conference. He published numerous sermons, wrote
much against the Papists, and in defence of the oath of
allegiance to James I.: he was also one of the Transla-
tors of James's Bible, and acquainted with so many
languages, that Dr. Fuller says, in his humorous way,
that had he lived at the time he might have served as
Translator-general at the confusion of tongues.
Samuel Harsnet, D. D. was chosen master in 1605:
on rising to preferment, he resigned his mastership, and
became Archbishop of York in 1628. He published a
few sermons. He was zealous both against Calvinism
and Popery; and there are in print, of his writing, a
Discourse against the Calvinian Doctrine of Predesti-
nation, and a Declaration against the Popish Impositions
of casting out devils.
John Pocklington, B.D. chosen fellow 1612, and re-
signed 1618; a zealous writer against the Puritans: be-
sides other things, he published Altare Christianum, and
a sermon, entitled, Sunday no Sabbath, so popular with
one party, and so obnoxious to the other, that it was or-
dered to be burnt (1640) in both the Universities, and in
the city of London, by the common hangman; Mr.
Pocklington himself being, at the same time, deprived of
all his preferments. He had been chaplain to Charles I.
Among the more eminent Puritans of this college,
1
*A
PEMBROKE HALL.
105
}
1
known by their writings, were, William Fenner, A. M.
fellow 1618, and rector of Rochford, in Kent. 'He pub-
lished some sermons: a preacher much admired by the
Puritans. He died in 1640.
Samuel Clarke, A. B. but ejected for refusing the en-
gagement in 1650. He wrote Annotations on the Bible,
and some theological treatises. He was a serious Cal-
vinist. Peter Vinke, also, A. B. fellow of this college,
was one of the silenced Puritans. He wrote some addi-
tional Annotations to the learned Mr. Matthew Poole's
Synopsis.
Mr. Smyth mentions Abram Clifford, B. D. author of
Methodus Evangelicus, or the Gospel Method of God's
saving Sinners by Jesus Christ, as a Puritan. He was,
however, made fellow after the Restoration, in 1660; and
there was also a John Clifford, chosen fellow, July 1,
1652.
He was
Henry Sampson, chosen fellow in 1650.
rector of Framlingham, and afterwards being ejected by
the Bartholomew Act, practised physic. He was a zea-
lous Puritan, and furnished the first materials for Dr.
Calamy's Abridgment of Baxter's own Life and Times.
In the History of Framlingham, it is said, he wrote a
short History of Framlingham, inserted in the third vo-
lume of Leland's Collectanea, (1774,) and while he
resided at Framlingham, that correct edition of the learned
Theses, Methodus Divinæ Gratiæ. I follow Dr. Calamy
in calling him rector of Framlingham, though his name is
not in the list of rectors, it being no unusual thing to
omit, in college lists, such things, and even the names of
persons themselves, who were ejected for nonconformity.
The history of Framlingham*, says, that after travels in
a Page 264.
106
PEMBROKE HALL.
foreign countries he took his degree, settled in London,
and entered himself as honorary member of the College
of Physicians, and lived and died in great repute.
Mr. Richard Vines was put in master, in 1643, by the
same Parliament that put Dr. Lany out; he was a cele-
brated preacher, and considered, it is said, as the Luther
of his party; but I have not heard of any literary works
of Mr. Vines.
The Puritan writer most generally known, is he who
wrote the Lives of the Puritans, ejected by the Act of
Uniformity, Dr. Calamy. He was A. B. in 1623, was
admitted tanquam socius in 1625, and B. D. in 1632.
He preached at Bury St. Edmunds, in Suffolk; and dur-
ing the Long Parliament, being a Presbyterian, was ap-
pointed to St. Mary Aldermary, and Moreton, in Essex.
He was ejected by the Act of Uniformity: Beside the
work above-mentioned, he is said to have assisted in the
famous works, entitled, Smectyminuus and Jus Divinum
Ministerii Evangelici Anglicani: but his most famous
production is that before alluded to, which is entitled, An
Abridgment of Mr. Baxter's History of his Life and
Times, with An Account of the Ministers ejected after
the Restoration of Charles II.a in four volumes.
There are two or three names, which, as yet, have not
been mentioned, which, before we come to the time of
• Mr. Thomas Baker's own copy of Dr. Calamy's Abridgment is in
St. John's College library, among Mr. Baker's books. It has the different
degrees taken in the University, where Mr. Baker could ascertain them;
a point in which Dr. Calamy's Abridgment is often defective and faulty.
Edmund Calamy is, himself, entitled, in the list of Pembroke Hali fel-
lows, only B. D. I suppose, therefore, that he took bis D. D. during the
Long Parliament. There is an improved edition of Dr. Calamy's work ;
by Mr. Samuel Palmer, in 1802.
PEMBROKE HALL.
107
Dr. Long, must certainly not pass unnoticed: these are,
William Holder, D.D. F. R. S. rector of Tharfield,
Hertfordshire ª. He was author of some curious essays
on the Elements of Speech, an Essay of Inquiry into the
Natural Production of Letters, with an Appendix con-
cerning Persons Deaf and Dumb. He actually taught
one such person. The supplement to the Philosophical
Transactions for July, 1670, is also by him, and a Trea-
tise on Music and Time: Nehemiah G. Drewe, M. D.
F.R.S. an eminent anatomist, physician, and naturalist, and
author of several curious works; Joseph Stanley, Esq.
author of the History of Philosophy, and Idea Orientalis
Philosophiæ, two valuable works: he was, also, editor of
Æschylus's Seven Greek Tragedies. He died in 1768.
William Bankes, A. M. was fellow; an eminent critic,
who died (in 1699) while bringing through the press an
edition of Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius, and Gallus.
Matthew Wren, D.D. should be mentioned, if for no
other reason, than because his book on the masters of
Pembroke has been of use in our account of this college.
He was also president (senior fellow) of it in 1616, and a
considerable benefactor. After two translations he suc-
ceeded to the Bishopric of Ely, in 1638. Though the
cathedral of Ely was not one of those which suffered most
during the Civil Wars, Wren was imprisoned four years; and
none of the prelates suffered more: his preferments, however,
returned to him at the Restoration, and he died in 1667,
very rich. He gave money and books to this college, and
40001. for the erecting the new chapel, of which his ne-
phew, the famous Sir Christopher Wren, was the architect.
Matthew Wren, Esq. his eldest son, was also of this col-
* History of Framlingham, p. 170.
108
PEMBROKE HALL.
lege, a zealous supporter of his father's principles. He
wrote Considerations on Harrington's celebrated work,
called, Oceana, and Monarchy Asserted, or the State of
Monarchical and Popular Government. He died in 1672.
Of Bishop Wren an ample account may be seen in Ben-
tham's History of Ely. His works were published in
four volumes octavo, by Mr. Hawkins, in 1721.
Having been, in the preceding account, somewhat dif-
fuse, in what follows I must be proportionably concise.
Roger Long, chosen master in 1730, was author of a
Treatise on Astronomy, of great celebrity, first published
in 1742, some Observations on Greek Accents, and a few
sermons. He took his D.D. degree in 1728, on which
occasion he delivered his famous Music Speech. It was
spoken by him in St. Mary's Church, in an assumed cha-
racter, as being the Petition of the Ladies of Cambridge.
It seems, at the Commencement, (the time when gentle-
men take their degrees) ladies had been allowed to sit in
that part of the church assigned to the doctors, called the
THRONE: it was, however, at length, agreed among them,
that ladies should no longer be permitted to sit there; and
the place assigned to them was under the throne, in the
chancel. This piece is full of whim and humour, in
Swift's best manner, beginning,
:....
The humble Petition of the Ladies, who are all ready to be eaten up.
with the spleen,
To think they are to be coop'd up in the chancel, where they can
neither see, nor be seen, &c.
This speech, also, is in print. Dr. Long died in 1770,
aged 91.
Of Mr. Gray, the poet, I have already spoken; and
what I have to say of his friend and brother poet, Mr.
PEMBROKE HALL.
109
Mason, I reserve for another occasion. So I shall only
add of the latter, now, that he took his A. B. degree from
St. John's, in 1745, his A. M. from Pembroke, in 1749,
and that, principally through the interest of Gray, he was
chosen fellow of that college. He died in 1797.
Christopher Smart, M. A. and fellow, was a poet of
great merit, his best pieces are his Seatonian Prize-Poems.
He translated Horace and Phaedrus. He died in 1770.
His poems were published in two volumes, 1791, by
Christopher Hunter, B. D. formerly tutor and senior fel-
low of Sidney: prefixed is a good account of his Life
and Writings.
I omitted to notice, in the proper place, among the be-
nefactors, the name of Mr. Moses, who left estates to
found some scholarships for young men educated at the
royal foundation of Christ's-Hospital, in London. I have
already mentioned two eminent critics, Mr. Jeremiah
Markland, and Mr. Joshua Barnes, of different colleges,
who were educated there. I shall notice two or three of
this college, educated in the same royal foundation, who
occur to me, as having published any thing to the world.
Neale, A. M. was author of one or two theolo-
gical pieces, and, of a volume of Hymns. He became a
Dissenting minister, and settled with a congregation in
London.
a
Paul Wright, F.S. A. and D. D. in 1778, edited Dr.
Heylin's Microcosmus, and a Commentary and Notes on
the Bible.
Thomas Bowman, vicar of Norfolk, M. A. 1753, was
author of a volume of sermons, and some theological
2
I leave it so, not being certain of the Christian name. There
was a Thomas Neale, A. M. chosen fellow 1720. A James Neale, A. M.
1746. At all events, it was not the Neale who wrote the History of the
Puritans.
*
110
PEMBROKE HALL.
tracts, favouring the doctrines that were called Methodism,
one of which is a defence of those doctrines, in reference
to the articles of the Church of England.
Thomas Pentycross, A. M. 1774, rector of Walling-
ford, Berkshire, author of a volume of sermons, on the
same Predestinarian principles, entitled, Sermons, Specu-
lative, Practical, and Experimental, 1781. Mr. P. also
published some poetry.
Matthew Field, M.A. 1775, fellow. He was author of
a dramatic piece, entitled, Vertumnus and Pomona, and
one of the masters of Christ's-Hospital.
Thomas Browne, D. D. 1774, master, was also on Mr.
Moses's establishment at Pembroke. I am not aware he
published any thing, but he appears among Mr. Gray's
correspondents, and was, I think, one of his executors.
Some eminent statesmen were of this college, among
whom is reckoned the late Mr. Pitt, chancellor of the
exchequer, and high steward of the university, 1790. He
died in 1806.
}
To close our account, then, of this college, I am not
aware that the buildings require any particular description.
We have already observed, what a fine façade might be
made of the western front. The two courts are small.
The western, being faced with Ketton stone, retains no
vestige of its antiquity, nor presents any thing of modern
elegance. The chapel, however, as before remarked, is
one of Sir Christopher Wren's, of the Corinthian order,
and much admired. Its western front is grand, its interior
is lofty. Among the pictures is a portrait of Spenser,
which is said to be by Wilson, and a large painting, the
Feast of the Gods, of the school of Rubens, that is ad-
mired. The hall exhibits several respectable portraits,
but I do not know which are originals. Those of the

PEMBROKE HALL.
111
foundress, and Sir Robert Hitcham', a benefactor, are by
Marchi--though only copies.
What is deemed the greatest curiosity about this college,
is Dr. Long's machine, or tin-plate sphere, exhibiting all
the circles, and, the appearance of the heavens, erected for
the meridian of Cambridge. It is eighteen feet in diameter,
so that thirty persons might sit in it, and on the turning of
a winch may see the actual appearance, the relative situ-
ation, and successive motions of the heavenly bodies.
This is said to be the largest ever constructed, but I have
somewhere read there is a much larger in Russia, either at
Moscow, or St. Petersburgh.
With respect to the library, mention has already been
made of two or three of the earliest contributors to it:
and towards the library of a college, which, from the
number of bishops educated there, has been called Colle-
gium Episcopale, there cannot, we may be sure, have
been wanting a succession of liberal and valuable bene-
factions.
It is many years since I was in this library: and going
there at the time, without any object of immediate inquiry,
I was not particular or minute in my attentions: so I shall
only say, in general, that its MSS. are numerous. The
gentleman who accompanied me to it, a fellow, and one
well acquainted with its contents, shewed me, I recollect,
a I omitted to notice, in the proper place, that Sir Robert Hitcham,
sometime student of Pembroke Hall, afterwards of Gray's Inn, was at-
torney to Queen Anne of Denmark, and knighted by James I. He was
Lord of the manor of Framlingham and Saxted, in Suffolk, and by his will
bearing date August 8, 1636, bequeathed them to the master and fellows
of Pembroke Hall, who are, therefore, in the History of Framlingham,
called the Lords of Framlingham. See the History of Framlingham,
page 203.
1

112
PEMBROKE HALL.
•
four which were deemed valuable; the Organon of Aris-
totle, a Concord of the four Gospels, the Geometry of
Euclid, and a Treatise on Music.
With respect to Bishop Wren's MS. account of the
masters and fellows of Pembroke Hall, that will always
be useful as a book of reference,-it being derived from
the archives, by throwing light on College History a, and
to it I have had occasion to refer several times, in the
course of this Work. Mr. Gray, I understand, left in
MS. a large volume, or volumes, supposed to be a sort of
common-place book, or book of extracts. At the time I
was perusing Bishop Wren's account, it had been deliver-
ed into the hands of a literary gentleman, in order to as-
certain, whether it contained any thing which it might be
proper to make public. This is all I know of it. But
the common-place book of so select and judicious a
scholar as Mr. Gray, will always be deemed a valuable
deposit in a public library.
a The Account of the Masters and Fellows of Pembroke Hall, was
originally begun by Bishop Wren, when he was president, and was con-
tinued afterwards: the principal part of it, as augmented by Mr. Hawes,
is transferred into a History of Framlingham, published by a Mr. Loden.

BEEEEE
Drawn & Eng by J.Greig
Corpus Christi College
Published for the Proprietors by Longman & Paternoster Row, Jan.2.1814.
[ 118 ].
1
CORPUS CHRISTI, OR BENET COLLEGE
IT having been a leading aim in this History to give ac-
counts of the founders of the several colleges, the princi
ple will be followed here. Hitherto we have spoken of
individuals; now we speak of a society, or societies. For
the foundation of Corpus Christi, or Bene't College, was
laid by two societies, or guilds, one called the Gilda Cor
poris Christi, the other Beatæ Mariæ Virginis a.
The instrument, or King's licence, of the foundation,
bears date Nov.7, 1351, 26 Edward III. Guilds were fra-
ternities uniting, sometimes for particular, and sometimes
for mixed purposes, and were of very remote origin. The
fraternity of Knights Templars was, in some sort, a guild,
united for the purpose of visiting the holy sepulchre at
Jerusalem, though they were of the religious order.
There were societies, also, which embraced various ob-
jects in one view, commercial, religious, philanthropic,
I had nearly said masonic. In commercial transactions
they were exempt from particular tolls, when from home,
and had some privileges in the towns where they were
formed: as religious houses they were able to hold estates
and lands, in mortmain, as well as patronage, and appro-
priations of church livings; more particularly, it was their
a The guild of the body of Christ, and of the Virgin Mary,
VOL. II.
1
હું
114
BENE'T COLLEGE.
office to employ priests, and to form chantries to offer
prayers for the living, and intercede for the dead: in their
philanthropic character each was bound, in some way or
other, to assist the society, and, therefore, on becoming
members of the guild, all contributed something, according
to their rank, or their peculiar views and professions. As
to their masonic character, (I am not sure I use a proper
word) the members of the guild were all bound never
to disclose its deliberations, or secrets, and on the viola-
tion of that standing rule were liable to a fine, or to ex-
pulsion from the society.
These fraternities were further composed of persons of
different sexes, and herein resembled those Benedictine
monasteries, that admitted both monks and nuns; except
that they were not bound to celibacy. They received
people of all descriptions, nobles as well as private per-
sons, clergy as well as laity; and people of the greatest
opulence, and of the first consideration in the state, were
always forward to be enrolled among the members, that
their souls might enjoy the benefit of their prayers *.
a One of the most pleasing lures, by which religious houses and guilds
increased their possessions, was by indulgences. Thus the Bishop of *
Ely was empowered to grant St. Mary's Guild an indulgence, and it is cu-
riously worded in the Latin of those times, thus: Gratum obsequium to-
tiens altissimo impendere opinamur, quotiens mentes fidelium ad cari-
tativæ devocionis opera indulgentiarum muneribus excitamur; that is,
we conceive that we pay an acceptable homage to the Most High, as often
as we excite the minds of the faithful to works of charitable devotion by
gifts of indulgences." And again, “Qui ad gildam BEATÆ MARIE
Cantabrigie nostre diocesis quicquam de bonis sibi a Deo collatis, contu-
lerint inter vivos, vel in sya legaverint ultima voluntate, eive bona ali-
qua conferri curaverint, Quadraginta dies de injuncta sibi penitentia in
Domino misericorditer relaxamus.
BENE'T COLLEGE.
115
and
Nor must we forget to observe, that every guild had its
own laws to these they were bound by oath. They had
a public fund, out of which they assisted members fallen
into decay, and lent sums to assist them in trade. The
death of a member, whether male or female, excited a
public-feeling. All the fraternity attended the funeral,
many masses were said for the souls of the deceased.
We have the name still used in several towns in Eng-
land, as in Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk. The Guildhall,
in London, took its name as being the common hall where
the several guilds in London held their assemblies.
Each guild had its hall; and the Vintners long preserved
in theirs a curious piece of tapestry, relating to the history
of their patron saint, now removed to their chapel at Mile
End.
Mr. Masters, in his History of Bene't College, has
given us the names of several members, with the time of
their admission. It is collected, he tells us, from the ori-
ginal entry book of Corpus Christi Guild, which begins in
1349, and which he justly calls a great curiosity. I shall
select only a few, as characteristic of this fraternity, and
in Mr. Masters's own words:
"Thomas de Heltisle, the first master of the college,
was admitted in 1350, with Sir Alan de Eltislee, rector of
Lolleworth, his brother, about the same time, as were
likewise, John de Eltislee, and Joan his wife, in 1357.
"John Clement de Tamworth, and Alice, his wife,
with Henry and Maud, his father and mother, who was
of great service to the guild and college, in transacting
their affairs in London, and who presented the latter with
a cup and vestment.
"Lord Thomas Brotherton, Earl Mareschal, and Alice
his wife, with many of their children and relations after
I 2
116
BENE'T COLLEGE.
their decease; whose souls were to be prayed for, to-
gether with all those who had been friends and benefac-
tors to Sir Walter and Lady Margaret.
"Sir John de Goldynham, knight, and Eleanor, his
wife, were likewise admitted, and gave to the guild the ad-
vowson of the church of Chekewell, or Chigwell, in
Essex, for their souls, and those of their fathers and mo-
thers, and of all their friends.
"Robert de Blaston, and Adam de Newenham, were
admitted on promise of faithfully serving the guild in the
office of carpenters, before any other, and of giving to
some others 14 d. per week, according to the cus-
tom of the town: as was likewise William de Stowe,
after swearing upon the Gospels, that he would serve the
guild, after he was released from the service he was then
serving."
This will in some sort shew us the character of the
Corpus Christi Guild.
"St. Mary's Guild was in being in the beginning of Ed-
ward I.'s reign, but how much earlier we know not; for
we meet with a grant to it of a house in St. Mary's parish,
from William de Tingeswick, and Felicia his wife, to pray
for their souls, and those of all their predecessors and suc-
cessors; which, although without date, it is conjectured,
by the names of the witnesses, must have been about his
twelfth
and the rolls of their transactions still re-
year;
maining, begin as early as 1301: at a congregation there
held, it was agreed, that all the brethren and sisters should,
on the day after the circumcision, meet annually, and say
mass in the morning, in a solemn manner, in St. Mary's
Church, for those of the fraternity, who were departed
out of this life, and that every one who was absent should
pay a small mulct.-To this fraternity, also, belonged
BENE'T COLLEGE.
117
people of all descriptions, and different sexes, among
whom may be mentioned-
"Richard de Bury, formerly Bishop of Durham, tutor
to Edward III. when prince, a great reader and writer,
and author of Philobiblon, who was made dean of Wells,
in 1332, promoted the year following to the bishopric,
became lord treasurer in 1344, lord chancellor the same
year, and died soon after.
"We find, likewise, Walton Reynolds, formerly the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, who had been chaplain to Edward
I. and was promoted to that see, by his son's great impor-
tunity with the Pope; and also John de Cambridge, who
was made a member of this guild, and became their alder-
man in 1311, and afterwards made one of the justices of
the King's Bench, and knighted. This gentleman had
large possessions, both in lands and houses, in this town
and the adjacent villages, and was a most liberal benefac-
tor to this society, as also he was to the college.
""
Henry, Duke of Lancaster, with Sir Henry de Waltonª,
his treasurer, and Simekyn Symeon, his esquire, became
brethren of Corpus Christi Guild about the time of found-
ing the college.
Thus far the words of Mr. Masters, and they will
unfold to us the character of these two guilds, of the body
of Christ and the blessed Virgin Mary, as well as the
source of the endowment of Bene't College.
a It appears from the Orig. Jes. that Joanna Lancaster, and Eliz.
Walton were, both at the same time, veiled nuns of the monastery of
St. Radegund, and each, in succession, prioresses; the former in the
eighth year of Edward IV. the latter in the twelfth of Edward IV. We
may conclude they were of the two great families mentioned above.
b Masters's History of Bene't College.
118
BENE'T COLLEGE.
For we have here another instance of the tendency
there is of attaching to institutions the names of great
men as benefactors, or founders, who were merely the
instruments of rendering them service. "Thus the Duke
of Lancaster," as Mr. Masters observes, "is usually deem-
ed the founder of this college, although," as he continues
to observe, "I meet with no considerable monuments of
his bounty bestowed upon it, except a few silver shields
enamelled, with his arms and the instruments of the Pas-
sion upon them, to carry about with them in their proces-
sions, and some other presents, not particularly specified;
for as to the manor of Burton, which is still called after his
name, that was purchased of him by the brethren; so
that he seems to have been little more than a mediator,
whom the societies made use of to obtain favours of the
crowna." Nor does Archbishop Parker's account of his
patronage amount to any thing more, than that he obtain-
ed the college the right of mortmain from the king.
The building of the college first began, according to
Archbishop Parker, under the patronage of the Guild of
Corpus Christi, in 1842, the 16th of Edward III. near
that street which he calls Luthborn; now Free-school
Lane, The Guild of St. Mary's united with them, for the
same purpose, in 1344. They also probably obtained
the sanction of a papal bull; though of this I do not
know the date: they, however, received a licence from
the king. This was had through the medium of the
Duke of Lancaster, the alderman of the guild; and it
bears the date of 26th Edward III. The same înstru-
* Hist, of Corpus Christi Coll. p. 14.
[
W
BENET COLLEGE.
119
ment transfers to them leave to hold in mortmain the ap-
propriation of the tythes of St. Benedict.
Thomas L'isle, bishop of Ely, gave the first con-
firmation of the statutes in the first year of his con-
secration; and some time before he died, according
to Archbishop Parker, he confirmed them again,
and by all joining in one common instrument, the founda-
tion was fully established on St. Bene't's day (21st Mar.),
1356.
I have been thus particular in giving these several
dates, because we are sometimes misled by a multiplicity
and apparent contradiction of dates, writers sometimes
confusing together the combining of different societies
into one, the beginning of the structure, the papal sanc-
tion, the royal confirmation, and the giving of statutes.
This, as I have observed before, created the difficulty in
ascertaining the exact year of the foundation of St. Pe-
ter's College.
As the Guild of Corpus Christi took the precedency, as
to the order of time, in beginning the foundation, so also
did it exceed, both in numbers and revenues, St. Mary's
Guild. These are the reasons, we may suppose, why the
college, though raised under the patronage of two frater-
nities, retains now only the name of the most efficient,
the college bearing the name of Corpus Christi, or St.
Benedict, Bene't.
"Now when things had advanced thus far," I am using
Mr. Masters's words," they began to think of appointing
a master and fellows, when Thomas de Eltisle was made
the first master, Sir John Raysoun, of Fulborne, and
Sir Thomas Caumpes, the two first fellows, with two ser-
vants of the house to attend upon them, the revenues not
being sufficient for more, till they were assisted by the
120
BENE'T COLLEGE.
2 19
munificence of Sir John Cambridge, and his son
There must therefore, be a little inaccuracy in his saying,
when things had advanced thus far, for, according to his
own account, the Duke of Lancaster did not become
their alderman till 1352, and Sir John Cambridge is said
to have died about 1347.
The honour, however, of founding this college rests with
these two Guilds, and it seems that it almost instantly be-
came exceeding rich; for Archbishop Parker observes,
that in the year 1352, it appears, from the archives of the
college, that it actually had the lawful inheritance of half
the town; but as to a third part, no one could have any
doubt. Now no one had opportunities more fair, or
views more professional, than the archbishop, to be cor-
rect; and from Mr. Masters's own account of benefac-
tions, he must have been near the truth.
Having enlarged somewhat on these Guilds, as giving,
through their several members, birth to the college, I
shall not enter on succeeding benefactors.
Following Archbishop Parker's authority, who was
master of this college in 1544, and founder of the valuable
collection of MSS. here, that bears his name, it appears,
in his time the society consisted of a master, twelve fel-
lows, twenty-seven scholars, three readers, and six infe-
rior servants; that the students, who supported them-
selves at their own expense, were fifty, all together mak-
Hist. of Corpus Christi Coll. p. 15.
b Adeo ut ex Archivis constet eos dimidiam oppidi partem hæredita-
rio jure possedisse: de tertia sane parte aliqui non ambigendum esse
testantur. De Scholarum Collegiorumq. in Academia Cantabrigiensi
Patronis & Fundatoribus, p. 12.
1
!
'
1
BENE'T COLLEGE.
121
ing ninety-three; and that, though the number of scholars
is increased, that of fellows continues the same.
As Archbishop Parker's library forms the principal
feature of this college, I shall confine my attention to
that. As the account is somewhat long, I shall entirely
pass over what might be said of other parts of the college,
and shall copy what I have said of it, on another occa-
sion, in M. M.
"Dr. Fuller, in his History of Cambridge, styles the
collection of manuscripts and books, left by Archbishop
Parker to Bene't College," the Sun of English Anti-
quity, before it was eclipsed by that of Sir Robert Cot-
ton."
""
"There is in this collection a letter from the privy coun-
cil, signifying her majesty's pleasure, that the archbishop,
or his deputies, should be permitted to peruse all the re-
cords belonging to the dissolved monasteries. This letter
is dated, Howard Place, July 1568, printed and attested
by I. Incent, notary public. There is also the same let-
ter, probably the original, says Nasmith, but the signa-
tures are all cut off. In Nasmith's excellent catalogue,
this letter comes under the head cxIV. in a Codex Char-
taceus, in folio, cui Titulus, Epistolæ Principum.
"This most valuable collection forms the library of
which we are now speaking. Parker, previously to his
being advanced to the see of Canterbury, had been mas-
ter of this college. The original letter of Henry VIII.
recommending him to the office, is among the manu-
scripts of the library.
"The difficulty of access to this library is as great, as
the value of the contents. It is subjected to the following
regulations :-every fellow takes an oath, that he will not
122
BENE'T COLLEGE.
injure the books, and there is a limited time for consult-
ing them, viz. from eight to eleven o'clock in the morn-
ing, during the winter, and from six to eleven, and from
one to five, in the summer. No one is permitted to take
any book out of the college: the master, however, may
have three at once at his lodge, but no more; or the
same number may be taken to a fellow's apartment, to be
consulted or copied. The masters of Gonville and Caius
College and Trinity Hall make a yearly inspection of the
library, on the 6th of August, when they dine with the
society. The penalty for every leaf of a manuscript that
may be missing is fourpence, for every sheet two `shillings.
If any book or manuscript shall be missing, the supervi-
sors may inflict what punishment they please, unless the
book be restored within six weeks: but if six manuscripts
in folio, eight in quarto, and twelve of a smaller size, are
lost, and not restored within six months, then the whole
library and the plate left by the archbishop to Bene't
College, are forfeited to Gonville and Caius College. In
case the latter proves equally faulty, they go to Trinity
Hall; and if Trinity Hall should be in default, both the
plate and the library revert in the same order.
"The monks sometimes thought that the most effectual
way to secure a curious book was, to deliver the thief
over to the devil. After an inscription in a manuscript
formerly belonging to a monastery, and now in this li-
brary, is the following malediction:-
"Quem titulum quicunque fraudulenter deleverit, li-
brumque ab eâdem ecclesiâ alienaverit, deleat eum Deus
de libro Vitæ, et anathemate feriatur.-A fragmentum
libri primi contra Symmachum is accompanied with the
following verses:-
BENE'T COLLEGE.
123
1
Hunc quicunque librum Aedhelmo depresseris almo,
Damnatus semper maneas cum sorte malorum;
Sit pietate Dei fine, qui vel portet ab isto
Cœnobio librum Aedhelmo hunc, vel vendere temptet.
"The terms of the archbishop were more gentle, but
yet unnecessarily strict.
They
"These MSS. are of the 11th, 12th, and 13th centu-
ries: some are as old as the 10th, 9th, and 8th.
relate to the writings of the fathers and school divinity;
to civil and ecclesiastical matters; to the concerns of va-
rious religious houses; of the University, &c. Many of
them are in the old Saxon character.”
Let us now proceed to our eminent men.
Thomas Markaunt, B. D. Fellow, and Proctor, 1411,
was a University antiquary, author of a work relating to the
Privileges and Customs of the University, long since lost:
he is given by some to Peter House: that he was of this
college, is certain; he may, indeed, have been of both.
Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, was master
of this college in 1559; but turned out, in Mary's reign,
as being a married man, though replaced in that of Eliza-
beth. In the library of this college is a MS. written by
him de Conjugio Sacerdotum; and in the possession of
the Vice-chancellor for the time being, a black parch-
ment book, relating to the business of that office, written
by Parker during his Vice-chancellorship. There is also
a printed copy of the Book of Psalms, in metre, com-
posed by him during his ejectment; but which is so scarce
that Strype, who wrote Parker's Life, could never get
sight of a copy.
Having spoken at large concerning his manuscript li-
brary, I shall drop a word or two of the books ascribed
to him. Several of our writers on British and Ecclesias-
1
BENE'T COLLEGE.
124
tical History, Matthew Paris's Flores Historiarum, &c.
were republished under Archbishop Parker's direction,
for he kept artists and antiquaries employed, under his
own eye, and in his own house. To the Bible, called,
the Bishop's, or Parker's Bible, he wrote a preface, and
he assigned to each revisor his proper sharea; but he did
not translate, nor was there any new translation in Eliza-
beth's reign. The great works, that bear his name, are,
de Antiquitate Britannica Ecclesiasticæ, et Privilegiis
Ecclesiæ Cantuariensis, cum Archiepiscopis ejusdem
LXX., which were both republished in one volume folio,
1729; edited by Mr. Drake, fellow of St. John's: but
there are good reasons for believing that Parker was not
the labourer in the vineyard, nor the proper author,
though he might superintend, and have a share in the
works": and were they his own, they are deemed of but
small authority. Of his History of Cambridge, sub-
joined to this volume, I have spoken elsewhere. Arch-
bishop Parker died in 1565.
b
Several eminent puritans were of this college; among
whom was Mr. Robert Browne. Three of this name
were of this college, 1555, 1565, 1570, but neither gra-
duated. The Brownists take their name from this per-
son.
"But," says Mr. Pierce," the Independents do
not take him for their ringleader. All seem to agree he
was not so fixed in his notions, but that the persecution
of the bishops made him conform." He was rector of
* Lewis's Pref. to Wickliffe's Translation of the New Testament.
b This is not only the opinion of Catholic and Puritan writers, but of
unbiassed men in his own party and own college. See Masters's Hist.
of Bene't College, &c.
* Vindiciæ Nonconformistarum, part 1.
BENE'T COLLEGE.
125
Alchurch, Northamptonshire, and author of a Treatise
on Reformation, and some other pieces a.
Contemporary with Brown, was a gentleman of the
law, Henry Barrowe, Esq. author of "The Platform of
False Churches," for which he suffered death under Eli-
zabeth. A writer concerning those times, observes,
"Though I look upon them (Barrowe and his fellow-
sufferer, Mr. Greenham) to have been extravagantly mis-
taken in some things, and to have been too sharp in their
style; yet I make no doubt at all, they are now glorious
saints above: and I must own, I cannot, without some
indignation, think of those men, who shed their blood
under a pretence of doing God service. Is that the way
of confuting arguments, and silencing adversaries ↳ ?”
Elizabeth herself felt some remorse for putting this
gentleman to death. Mr. B. had been tried for some-
thing before, and in the royal library is "a brief Exami-
nation of me, Henry Barrowe, before the Arch. B.
Arch. D. and Dr. Cussins, as neere as my Memorie
could carry, being at Lambethe." Mr. Barrowe was A.B.
of this college.
Dr. Benjamin Carryer, Fell. and Prebendary of Can-
terbury, became a convert to popery, and was honest
enough to avow, and defend it, in "a Latin Missive to
King James, in which he states the grounds of his con-
version to the religion of the Catholics."
Mr. Langhorne was an antiquary: he wrote two books
entitled, Elenchus Antiquitatum Abronensiùm, and
* This is the person, relating to whom it is said, "Thacker and Cop-
ping were hanged for publishing Brown's books." Fuller's Church
History, book ix. p. 169.
Pierce, Vin. Noncon. ut supra.
126
BENE'T COLLEGE.
L
Chronicon Regnorum Anglo-Saxonum. He was S. T. P.
1664, and Fellow.
Lawrence Womach, D. D. Bishop of St. David's,
1683, was a zealous defender of the established church,
author of the Examination of Tilenus before the Tryers,
of the Catena Dogmatum Anti-Remonstrantium, or the
Calvinist's Cabinet unlocked, with various other Con-
troversial books. He was student of this college, and
died 1685.
Peter Dumoulin was a poet, author also of a Treatise
on Logic, and Novitas Papismi of this college. He also
wrote his own Life. He died 1658, aged ninety.
Andrew Pearson, B. D. Prebendary of Canterbury,
one of Archbishop Parker's chaplains, and, says R. Smyth,
said to be one of the translators of the Bishop's (Parker's)
Bible.
John Fletcher, A. M. 1598, is supposed by Mr. Mas-
ters to have been the famous dramatic writer, coadjutor
with Beaumont. He, however, adds, "how long he staid
here is equally uncertain, as well as how he disposed of
himself, after his removal; it is most probable, however,
he went up to London, where he afterwards cultivated an
acquaintance with Francis Beaumont, Esq.a" He was
the son of John Fletcher, Bishop of Worcester, in 1592,
translated to London in 1594, who, also, was of this
college: but I know nothing that he wrote, except,
Regulations for the better Reformation of his Spiritual
Courts, which are, Mr. Masters says, to be seen in the
second volume of Collier's Ecclesiastical History. What
Mr. M. remarks of the dramatist, as noticed by the critics,
is worth noticing again: ""Tis said there are no interli-
a History of Bene't College, p. 288.
1
BENE'T COLLEGE.
127
neations in any of Fletcher's MSS. and his friends affirm,
he never wrote any thing twice." John Fletcher, the poet,
died by the plague in 1625.
Arthur Ashley Sykes, D. D. was author of various
theological pieces, on the Christian Religion, against Mr.
Collins on the Principles and Connexion of Natural
and Revealed Religion-on Miracles-an Essay on Sa-
crifices-Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles to the
Hebrews, &c. He was a Socinian: and died 1763a.
William Stukeley, was a physician, divine, and eminent
antiquary, author of various works, of which the most dis-
tinguished are, The Itinerarium Curiosum, or an Account
of the Antiquities and Curiosities in Travels through
Great Britain, in two volumes-Palæographia Sacra, or
Discourses on the Monuments of Antiquity that relate to
Sacred History-an Account of Stonehenge in Wiltshire-
and an Account of Lady Roisia's Sepulchral Cell, near
Royston. He possessed a fine collection of Roman and
Grecian coins, and was skilled in the medallic art;
he held a correspondence with Mr. Bertram, of
Copenhagen, concerning publishing the curious MS. of
Richard, a monk of Westminster, that throws so much
light on the antiquities of Britain, and which is, ac-
* Dr. Disney's Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Dr. Sykes, 1787.
b Mr. Masters, in his History of Bene't College, has written concern-
ing Dr. Stukeley, and while he was living. He was probably intimate
with Stukeley, for he talks of Dr. S.'s intending to publish Richard of
Cirencester's Book. It was published by him, and, as there announced, in
his second volume of Itinerarium Curiosum, with these words subjoined,
plura alibi. Richard's Book, de Situ Britanniæ, was lately republished,
(1809,) with an English translation, together with a Commentary on the
Itinerary, and with his most curious map of Britain. The remarks on the
Roman roads and stations are by Dr. Bennet, the present Bishop of
Cloyne; the Commentary on the Itinerary by the Rev. Thomas Leman.
L
128
BENE'T COLLEGE.
た
​.
1
+
cordingly, printed in Stukeley's most splendid volume, and
subjoined to his Ìter Borealis : he also wrote other things,
among which, in the Philosophical Transactions, volume
xlviii. part 1. number 33, was an Account of the Ec-
clypse, predicted by Thales. He died in 1765.
-
Samuel Wesley was a divine, author of various theolo-
gical works. He also published the History of the Old
and New Testament, in verse, and the Book of Job.
He was father of the famous John and Charles Wesley,
the founders of the Methodists, and of Samuel Wesley,
a much better poet than himself. S. W. the father, was
A. M. 1694.
George North, F. A. S. was an antiquary, and one
best acquainted with medals of any man of his age. He
published, without his name, The Impertinence and Im-
posture of Modern Antiquaries, in 1741, and drew up in
1742, a Catalogue of the Earl of Oxford's Coins, for the
public sale of them. He also published, 1752, 4to,
Remarks on some Conjectures, written by Mr. Charles
Clarke, relative to a piece of money found in Kent, and
to his Remarks on Dr. Stukeley's Dissertation on
Oriuna b. This is accounted valuable, as it investigates

I am aware there are those, who, after all, think this book is not
written by Richard; but, whether it was or not, it is extremely valu-
able, and Mr. Bertram's notes are those of an ingenious and very
learned man. I have had occasion to refer to this book of Richard's
more than once in the present Work, as well as in my Poetics.
• Mr. North also drew up the Descriptions and Remarks in the Mu
seum Meadianum, consisting of two parts, Catalógus Númmorum, et
væteris Ævi Monumentorum. This is extremely curious, and I wonder
it is unnoticed in the Literary Anecdotes mentioned below. Dr. Mead's
sale was in 1754, and Mr. North's Catalogue was published.
b See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. v. p. 450, in which are many
curious letters of Mr. North. Mr. North, however, was strangely out
BENE'T COLLEGE.
129
the standard and purity of our ancient English coins.
Mr. N. also made considerable progress in a History of
the Money of Henry III. but it was never completed.
He left his valuable collection of coins to Dr. Askew.
Mr. Richard Elliot was admitted of this college, 1746.
He soon began to favor the doctrines of the Methodists,
afterwards became an Arian, and settled as minister of a
Dissenting congregation in London. He published se-
veral theological pieces on the person of Christ, and
Atonement; for he maintained the Arian doctrine with
what is deemed the more Orthodox doctrine of the
Atonement of Christ. He also published several ser-
mons, and a Hymn Book. Mr. Elliot took his A. B.
degree in 1749, but never, through objection, I suppose,
to the subscription required, took the degree of A. M.
Mr. James Nasmith made the valuable catalogue of
MSS. in the public library, and that of Archbishop
Parker's. He also published an edition of Tanner's No-
titia Monastica. He was A. M. 1767, S. T. P. 1797,
and fellow.
Robert Masters, F. A. S. the historian of this college,
must not be forgotten. His account is the only printed
history of a separate college in Cambridge that is extant,
and the materials being derived, principally, from the college
archives and records, and wrought up with faithfulness by
the writer, possesses authority. It is done much after the
manner of Mr. Baker's MS. History of St. John's Col-
lege. Mr. Masters also published, in 1784, Memoirs of
the Life and Writings of the late Mr. Thomas Baker, of
about the oldest printed book, at Cambridge, p. 432, nor quite so cor-
rect about Saxon architecture, as his friend Dr. Ducarel was, in his Nor-
man antiquities. What Mr. North says on the old Baptisterium and ´
Fons is very judicious.

VOL. II.
K
130
BENE'T COLLEGE.
St. John's College, in Cambridge, from the papers of Dr.
Zachary Grey, with a Catalogue of his (Baker's) ´MS.
Collections. The Memoirs, indeed, do not display (what
the life of such a man as Baker admitted of) much pro-
fundity of remark, elegance of taste, or perspicuity of ar-
rangement: still it is a useful, valuable work. The Cata-
logue of the twenty-three volumes in the British Museum,
is that printed in the Harleian Catalogue, Vol. II. number
7028: of the subsequent volumes, in the public library of
Cambridge, Mr. Masters had an opportunity of making
out the list himself. He has subjoined a few notes. This
gentleman took his A. M. degree in 1738, his B.D. in
1746. He died at Landbeach, in the Isle of Ely, of
which place he was rector in 1798; and, the place of his
burial being fixed by himself, the following inscription is
placed under the east chancel window on the outside, in
the church yard.
Sacred to the Memory of '
ROBERT MASTERS, B.D. F.A.S.
The faithful and diligent Rector of this Church 41 Years,
Whose Charity to the Poor, and Humanity to the Distressed,
rendered his Life truly exemplary,
and his Death lamented.
He died, July 5, 1798,
Aged 84 Years.
This inscription was communicated to me by his rela-
tion, Dr. Cory, master of Emmanuel College, and copied
by Mr. Burroughs, the present rector of Landbeach,
who informs me, this inscription was not written by Mr.
Masters himself. This I mention, because some brother
antiquaries, with whom, as appears by his two histories,
Mr. M. was at variance, have said it was.
:
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H. Burch pinot”
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Samuel Tyssen Esq., F.AS.
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BENE'T COLLEGE.
131
1
Some distinguished statesmen are reckoned among the
scholars of this college; and of this number was Sir
Nicholas Bacon, who was also a benefactor to it. Lloyd,
in his Statesmen and Favourites of England, after having
given an ample account of Sir Nicholas, winds up all by
saying, "He was, in a word, the father of his country,
and of Sir Francis Bacona" Another distinguished
person was, Philip, second son of the Earl of Hardwicke,
high steward of the University, 1764.
Mr. Michael Tyson, fellow, should have been men-
tioned, being well known in the circle of antiquaries: he
was, also, an artist. I am not however aware that he
published any thing except a Short Account of an Illu-
minated MS. in the Library of Bene't College, and
something in the Archaeologia. In a letter of Lord Or-
ford's, in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, Vol. IV. p. 708,
mention is made of his History of Dresses and Fashions.
He took the degree of A. M 1767

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[132]
TRINITY HALL.
THIS House, before it passed into a regular college,
had been a sort of literary retreat for some neighbouring
religious.
John de Crowdon, the 22d prior of Ely, elected
May 20, 1321, was a person of great account with his
convent, and of a public spirit. He bought a house at
Cambridge on this site, and sent some of the Ely monks
there, for the purpose of acquiring University learning;
and from Crowdon's time it seems three or four of these
monks were regularly resident, supported there at the
charges of the convent. When they took their degrees,
they were succeeded by others. But the place was not
so occupied long; nor am I aware that any possessions b
were attached to the House, except it might be a few
messuages. Be this as it may, the site was granted to
Bateman, Bishop of Norwich, soon after, and he began
to build there the college now called Trinity Hall. The
■ I follow Mr. Bentham's Orthography.
b Had there been, it is most likely Mr. Bentham, who had the Rot.
Comput. of Ely Cathedral before him, would have mentioned it. See
his History of Ely Cathedral.
j
•
+
TRINITY HALL.
133
monks, in the event settled on the north side of the
river, with some brethren of their own order (St. Bene-
dict's), who came from Ramsey, Walden, and other
places. The House to which these monks retired, after
leaving this spot, was called Monk's College, which oc-
cupied part of the grounds on which Magdalen now
stands.
Our business, then, is only concerned with Bishop
Bateman and his new college.
From Bishop Bateman's petigrea, I can collect no-
thing material, except that his father served the office of
bailiff, afterwards changed into that of mayor, of Nor-
wich, and built a chapel there.
Bateman himself is described as outstripping, when a
youth, all his compeers in parts and knowledge; as admi-
rably taught, in after-life, in what were called primitivæ
Scientia; and as being made doctor of laws, when 30.
He was very early Dean of Lincoln, and elected in 1843
Bishop of Norwich; and his history affords some re-.
markable testimonies to his being Ecclesiæ suæ propug-
nator acerrimus". But what particularly distinguishes his
history, is, the foundation of this college, to which, having
visited Rome, and been in great confidence with Ste-
phen (afterwards Pope Innocent the Sixth), he obtained
permission to unite several rectories, which were con-
firmed in perpetuity by the seal of Islip, Archbishop of
Canterbury. He went twice to France, in a diplomatic
a Harl. MS. 7029.
b Bishop Godwin.—Mr. Blomefield gives one or two ludicrous in-
stances of the excess of church power, in the case of this bishop.
Hist. Norfolk, Vol. 2. But not belonging to this place, they are not
copied.
;
:
134
TRINITY HALL.
{
character, to assert the claims of Edward III. and to
treat of peace. He died on the last of these embassies,
at Avignon, in 1355, and was buried at the cathedral
church there, the cardinals, archbishops, and clergy, at-
tending with great solemnity, the patriarch of Constanti-
nople, who happened to be there, reading the funeral
service a
This college was designed for students in civil and ca-
non law; though with a view, at the same time, to sup-
ply the bishop's diocese with clergy". The founder,
indeed, dying before all his intentions were realized,
provided only for a master, three fellows, and three scho-
lars, but other benefactors, following up his designs,
increased the number. His intention was to have founded
20 fellowships. There are at present 12 fellowships and
16 scholarships: the fellowships, 10 lay, and two divi-
nity, are open to all counties.
Of the eminent men of this college, or hall, I shall not
attempt to make out a very large list; for, it being prin-
cipally designed for students of the canon and civil law,
the number of men eminent for general literature, has
been in proportion less: the college too itself is not
large. Of the thirteen first masters, Stephen Gardiner
is the first who is much known to us by any writings: he
was doctor of the civil law, a great instrument of
Henry VIII. in managing the business of his divorce
abroad, as well as at home, particularly at this Univer-
sity, of which he was chancellor in 1539: he was made
a In the above account of Bateman, I follow principally a MS. in
Caius College library, copied from the archives of Trinity Hall.
b So expressly asserted in Lib. Institut. 4, quoted in Blomefield's
Hist. of Norfolk. Mr. R. Smyth, therefore (MS.) speaks hastily.
• Archbishop Parker's Catalogus Cancellariorum, &c. p. 53.
1
TRINITY HALL.
135
Bishop of Winchester by Henry, next after his patron
Cardinal Wolsey, in the year 1531. He was zealous,
though a catholic, for the king's supremacy, and had a
principal hand in promoting the six articles: under Ed-
ward VI. he was deprived of his bishopric, and during the
five years of his reign, imprisoned in the Tower: but
when Mary succeeded to the crown, and the popish party
came again into favour, he was reinstated in 1553. Dur-
ing his chancellorship of the University it was, that he is-
sued that curious decree against the new mode of pro-
nouncing the Greek and Latin languages introduced by
Cheke and Smith".
He was a man of great diplomatic powers, which he
displayed in Italy, France, and Germany, and was distin-
guished for his eloquence; and how he employed both
subtlety of thinking and speaking against the reformation,
is detailed at large in our historians.
It is remarkable, though Gardiner had written against
the pope's supremacy, that he was the person who em-
ployed his eloquence, in introducing Cardinal Pole, who
came to establish it in full pomp at the beginning of
Queen Mary's reign c.
His book written against the pope's supremacy, and in
favour of Henry VIIIth's divorce, is entitled, De Verâ
Obedientiâ: but he wrote a recantation in Queen Mary's
reign: he also wrote on the sacrament against Cranmer
and Peter Martyr.
Gardiner then was a politician, as well as an author, as
a Godwin De Præsul. Ang. p. 236.
b MS. Ca. num. 5, p. 147, as quoted by Dr. Richardson in Godwin.
• See Lodovico Beccatelli's Life of Cardinal Reginald Pole, by Pye,
p. 97.
136
TRINITY HALL.
indeed were most of the archbishops and bishops of those
times.
Richard Sampson, L. L. D. was also a great civilian,
consecrated Bishop of Chichester in 1537, and trans-
lated to Litchfield in 1543: he wrote in favour of the
king's supremacy, which raised Cardinal Pole against
him : he was author also of Commentaries on the
Psalms, and on Paul's Epistles to the Romans and Co-
rinthians. He died 1554a.
The following extract will illustrate the spirit of these
times
Bishop Burnet speaks of Mr. Thomas Bilney as fol-
lows: "The most eminent person who suffered about
this time was Thomas Bilney, of whose abjuration an ac-
count was formerly given. He after that went to Cam-
bridge, and was much troubled in his conscience for
what he had done, so that the rest of the society at Cam-
bridge were in great apprehensions of some violent ef-
fects, which that desperation might produce, and some-
times watched whole nights. This continued about a
year, but at length his mind was more quieted, and he
resolved to expiate his abjuration by as public and solemn
à confession of the truth; and to prepare himself the bet-
ter both to defend and suffer for the doctrines which he
had, through fear, formerly denied, he followed his stu-
dies for two years; and when he found himself well forti-
fied in his resolutions, he took leave of his friends at
Cambridge, and went to his own county of Norfolk.
There he suffered martyrdom, and Parker, afterwards
Archbishop of Canterbury, saw him suffer;" though Par-
ker had, no share in his sufferings.
"When his allowance of bread and ale was brought
a Godwin De Præsul. Angl. p. 342.
་
TRINITY HALL.
137
1
him, he eat them up very heartily, and cheerfully said to
one who took notice of it, he must keep up that ruinous
cottage till it fell "."
Mr. Thomas Bilney was fellow of this college, a
graduate utriusq. legis, of civil and canon law, eminent
for his study of the scripture: being once on a journey,
he came to a poor cure, belonging to Trinity Hall, where
the people, being without a regular preacher, desired him
to give them a lecture. Bilney had been prohibited, yet
he was so wrought on by honest zeal, that he ventured to
preach and Fox says his contempt of church order dis-
turbed his conscience, in his latter end b
:
We e see then that while Cranmer was reforming monas-
teries, and Lord Cromwell universities, persecution was
encouraged both by church and state, and so continued
during all Henry's reign. The person who sent the order
to burn poor Bilney, was Sir Thomas More, who was
that one sound counsellor (as Queen Catherine used to
say) that the king had. But these blots (for he was a
dreadful persecutor) cannot be wiped out of his escut-
cheon: he, in his turn, fell under the king's resentment,
for denying his supremacy, and was executed on Tower
Hill in 1535.
Thomas Thirlby, L. L. D. fellow, an eminent civilian,
was the first and last bishop of Westminster, privy coun-
sellor' to Henry VIII. and Edward VI. Mary, in 1554,
translated him to Ely; but he was deprived by Elizabeth.
He was a native of Cambridge, and assisted in compos-
ing the Liturgy.
* Burnet's History of the Reformation, Book 1. A. 1534.
Acts and Monuments, p. 1013.
• Bentham's Hist. of Ely, p. 191, 1st Ed. where the character given
is very different from that of a dilapidator, given him by Carter.
138
TRINITY HALL.
Sir William Paget was employed by Henry VIII. Ed-
ward VI. and Queen Mary, and dismissed his attendance
at court by Queen Elizabeth, merely on account of his
age. He was secure in Henry's time by his foreign em-
ployments. He escaped Edward's reformation by his
peaceableness and indifference: he complied with Queen
Mary's measures from conscience, and to Queen Eliza-
beth's from allegiance; bejng, as Lloyd says, “one of those
moderate men, that looked upon the Protestant founda-
tion of faith," the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, and Ten
Commandments," as safe; on the Papists superstructures
as not damnable; whose life was Grotius's and Cassander's
wish, An accommodation to the Christian world a."
Heury, Earl of Northampton, knight of the garter,
privy counsellor, and lord privy seal, in King James's
reign. His speeches at Cambridge and the Star Cham-
ber, says a certain writer, "argue him both witty and wise;
to whom has been applied, (for the Earl of Northampton
was both a bachelor and a student) Lord Bacon's obser-
vation: "he that hath wife and children, hath given host-
ages to fortune, for they are impediments to great enter-
prizes, either to virtue or mischief"." He was chancellor
of the University in 1611: he was author of a Dispensa-
tive against the supposed Poison of Prophecies, which is
said to bespeak him a good scholar.
Our next statesman is Sir Robert Naunton, first, fellow
commoner of Trinity College, afterwards fellow of this,
and of whom it was said, that his speeches, both while
proctor and orator of Cambridge, discovered him more
2 Eng. Statesmen, p. 67.
b Ibid. p. 556,
•
TRINITY HALL.
139
66
inclined to public accomplishments, than private studies ª ;
he was made secretary of state to James I. in 1617, one of
whom it was said, "he was of the same make in the state,
as Archbishop Abbot was in the church;" but what is.
most to my purpose is, he was author of a work entitled,
Fragmenta Regalia," to which I have often referred.
Dr. Cowell, L. L. D. master, 1598, was author of a
work entitled, Institutiones Juris Anglicani ad Methodum
Institutionum, and a learned work, called the Interpreter,
upon which Jacob's Law Dictionary is founded; he was
also professor of civil law here, and died in 1611, being
buried in the chapel.
Sir Peter Wyche translated out of the Portuguese lan-
guage, the Life of Don John de Castro, and a Relation
of the River Nile, of its Source and Current, &c.
C
To these might be added John Harvey, L. L. D.
Peter Calvert, L.L.D. and a few, who, in different pe-
riods have distinguished themselves among our judges.
In more modern times might be mentioned Samuel
Hallifax, L. L. D. and professor of civil law. He edited
Dr. Ogden's Sermons, with his life prefixed; Sermons of
his own, on Prophecy; an Analysis of Butler's Analogy,
with a Syllabus of Lectures on Civil Law. He was
Bishop of Glocester, 1781, and of St. Asaph, 1788. He
died 1790.
Samuel Horsley, eminent for his controversial writings
with Dr. Priestley, and editor of the Works of Sir Isaac
Newton; and author, also, of several other works. He
•
was first made Bishop of St. David's: he then became
r
a Lloyd's Statesmen of England, &c. p. 569.
b See an account of him prefixed to his INTerpreter,
c MS. List in the Master's Lodge. See Blomefield's Collect. Cant.
p. 214.
Le
晕
​140
TRINITY HALL.
1
>
Bishop of Rochester, and in 1802 he was translated to be
Bishop of St. Asaph. He died 1806.
William Barlow, fellow, D. D. wrote a Vindication
of King James's Apology for the Oath of Allegiance, in
opposition to Mr. Parsons, the Jesuit. He also assisted
in the Translation of the Bible, put forth in James's
reign. He was Bishop of Rochester, and in 1608 was
translated to Lincolna.
William Squire, scholar, afterwards fellow of Uni-
versity College, Oxford, was author of "The Unreason-
ableness of the Romanists requiring the Coinmunion with
the present Church." He was rector of Rolleston, Der-
byshire, and died in 1677 Þ.
Several of the professors of Gresham College were of
this college, of which number the two following may be
noticed, on account of their writings.
Thomas Eden, L. L. D. was chosen to succeed Dr.
Corbet, as law professor, in Gresham College, in 1613.
In 1625 he was chosen master of this college; and was
three times elected burgess to the University of Cam-
bridge. He was a great benefactor to the college, and
dying in 1645, was buried in the college chapel, where,
some years afterwards, a handsome monument, with a
copious inscription, was erected over his grave by the
master and fellows of this college.
It does not appear that Dr. Eden published; but vari-
ous pieces of his on the civil law are in MS. of which,
an' account may be seen in Dr. Ward's Lives of the Pro-
fessors of Gresham College.
John Bond, L. L. D. was elected master of this col-
lege, on the famous John Selden's declining the offer,
a Godwin de Præsul. Ang. p. 302.
↳ Mr. R. Smyth's MS.
5
TRINITY HALL.
141
i
and professor of civil law in Gresham College, in 1649*.
In 1654 he was made an assistant to the commissioners of
Middlesex and Westminster, for the ejection of scanda-
lous and ignorant ministers and schoolmasters, and in
1658 vice-chancellor of the University. At the Resto-
ration he was ejected. Several Tracts and Sermons of
his are noticed in Wood's Athenæ Oxonienses, which
were most of them preached before the House of Com-
mons. According to Dr. Ward, he died in 1676, and
Wood is wrong, in saying he died in 1680.
The Dr. Eden above-mentioned died during the Refor
mation of the University; Dr. Bond was put in by the
Parliament, to succeed him: and Mr. Walker says, not
one of this house was afterwards turned out. ….
€
Another eminent civilian, and professor of law in
Gresham College (being chosen in 1672), was Roger
Meredith, A. M. He was fellow, also, of this college.
He was, it seems, an excellent scholar, but it does not
appear he left any thing for the press. His Oratio ha-
bita in Collegio Greshamensi, A. 1672, may be seen in
Ward's Lives of the Gresham Professors D.
Charles Reynolds, D. D. 1740, chancellor of Lin-
coln, and son of John Reynolds, Bishop of Lincoln,
wrote a valuable Treatise on Convocations. He died in
1744.
Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield,
great politician and statesman, and as great a wit. His
"Letters to his Son" are generally known, and have been
greatly read. His "Miscellaneous Works," in two vo-
lumes 4to. were published in 1777. To these are pre-
■ Ward's Lives of the Professors of Gresham College, p. 248.
App. No. 13.
•
:
142
TRINITY HALL.
fixed his lordship's Memoirs, begun by Dr. Mathew
Maty, and after Dr. Maty's death, finished by Mr. Jus-
tamond. He was fourth Earl of Chesterfield, and died
in 1777.
Sir James Marriott, an eminent civilian, was master of
this collegea: several publications of his are extant, par-
ticularly “The Case of the Dutch Prizes, taken in the
War before last," about 1759: in 1760 he also published
the Rights and Privileges of both the Universities and of
the University of Cambridge in particular; and an Ar-
gument in the Case of Emmanuel and Christ's Col-
lege.
Joseph Jowett, L. L. D. professor of civil law, was
the living professor, when I was treating of the Univer-
sity professors in a preceding volume, but is removed
since by death. He succeeded Dr. Hallifax, as king's
professor, in 1781, was accounted an able lecturer, and
distinguished for the elegance of his Latinity on all pub-
lic occasions; but I am not aware that he published any
thing, except a Syllabus of his public lectures, on the
Roman Civil Law, which he gave in a course, at Trinity
Hall, to the members of the University.
Two or three poetical writers shall close our list;
and I have placed them at the end, partly from inclina-
tion, and partly from necessity. For in the present chap-
ter more particularly I resemble the sailor proceeding by
I cannot forbear noticing here Francis Dickens, L. L. D. 1714,
though not known by any publication. He was professor of civil law,
in 1714, and of the highest character both for ability and learning. A
very honourable account of him may be seen in Mr. Masters's Life of
Baker, p. 108, &c.
ក
TRINITY HALL.
143
a tack upon tack direction, who is obliged to regard the
changes of the wind, instead of following the course of
the river. What has driven me out of chronological
order (more particularly in this chapter), the reader has
been informed of in the Preface; so I shall not trouble
him with apologies.
1
Thomas Tusser (who has been called our English Co-
lumella) was one of our earliest writers of didactic poetry.
According to Hatcher's MS. (copied by Cole) he was
first of King's, afterwards of this college. He publish-
ed, in rhime, a Hundred Points of good Husbandry, in
1557, which afterwards, in 1586, he extended to 66 Five
Hundred Points of good Husbandry;" to which, also in
rhime, is prefixed the Author's Life. Our old English
Georgic is not a rival of the Roman; but his book,
though in very humble rhime, delivers much agricultural
instruction, and is considered valuable, as giving much
insight into the rural economy of our ancestors. This
singular book is scarce; but several writers have given an
account of the author. He died in 1580ª.
Mr. Carter has stated Dr. Gabriel Harvey, "a noted
orator and poet" of this college. He was the friend of
Spenser, and, at least, first fellow of Pembroke, con-
cerning whom, see p. 102 of this volume, `and p. 237 of
Ritson's Bibliotheca Poetica.
In Mr. Smyth's MS. but in a hand-writing different
from his, is put down-" Robert Hereside, the poet,
was first of St. John's College, and afterwards of Tri-
nity Hall."
a See Fuller's Worthies, p. 334. Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry,
Vol. 3, and Phillips's Theatrum Poet. Ang. p. 91.
*
}
1
144
TRINITY HALL.
The Earl of Chesterfield and Sir James Marriott both
wrote poetry. Sir J. M. also printed a single volume of
poems.
Sir Walter Haddon, master, L. L. D. though the last
in our list, might, for his eminent qualities, have been
placed the first. He was first of King's. He was a
learned civilian, a prudent statesman, a powerful orator,
and an elegant Latin poet. Such was Sir W. Haddon.
Queen Elizabeth made him one of her masters of re-
quests; and he stood conspicuous among the revivers of
literature. Elizabeth being asked, whom she preferred
as a Latin poet, Buchanan or Haddon, escaped the su-
spicion of partiality by the following happily evasive re-
ply.
"Buchananum omnibus antepono, Haddonum ne-
mini postpono c.”
The library of this college contains a Complete Body
of the Canon, Roman, and Common Law. The gar-
den is small, but the site agreeable. Students may com-
plain, that after toiling over ponderous tomes of canon-
ists and civilians, they find there no il reposo, not so
much as a Diogenes's tub to sit and sulk in.
་
a See Dodsley's Collection, Laura.
b Hatcher's MS. of King's College.
''See Lloyd's Statesmen, &c. of England, p. 442.
1
}
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Drawn Eng by Greig
Part of Queen's College.
bished for the Proprietors by Longman & Paternoster Row Jana 1814
won
[ لا
145 ]
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
NOTHING," it is said, "is new under the sun;"
and nothing is more changeable than man: truths so obvi-
ous, as to seem almost truisms, yet, in the practice of
statesmen so strangely perplexed, and uniformly contra-
dicted, as to appear palpable falsehoods. Let us, for a
moment, forget statesmen, who, while clamorous about
the public good, are apt not to forget their own.
It has appeared to me, on contemplating the state of
religious opinion in this society, that none in the Uni-
versity has been so remarkable and prominent, for variety,
as Queen's. Fisher, and Erasmus, and Bullock, were
zealous for free-will, against Luther: Dr. Davenant's
works in King James's reign, were high Calvinism, and
that society Calvinists: Mr. John Smith's lectures, a
few years after, brought it back to free-will. In the time
of Dr. Plumptre, the late master, it inclined, with their
tutors, to Arianism and Socinianism; and Queen's-men
were then foremost among the petitioning clergy, who
met at Archbishop Tennison's library, for ameliorating
the subscription to articles. Now, I understand, it has
returned to the doctrine of justification by faith alone,
and of the co-equality of the Son and Holy Ghost with
God the Father; the doctrines taught by Luther, with

a The famous Arminian, John Goodwin, was also of Queen's,
VOL. II.
I
146
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
¿
some of the other first reformers, and by the modern
Calvinists. Such is human opinion: thus it circulates
round colleges, and round the world. Every one knows
where it rested at Geneva, in the time of Calvin: but it
rested only for a time-it kept moving. Some years ago
it had reached the Antipodes; where it is now, is more
than I can tell. If it has changed, like its government a,
it has, perhaps, by this time, got round to Calvinism
again.
J
It is by observations on the human character that spe-
culative men are taught some practical duties. In pro-
portion to this diversity, they will extend their charity:
to the variety of thinking they will proportion their libe-
rality in judging. This microcosm, this little world of
man, will go through its changes; and it becomes our
duty to attend to them, and to be candid:
A mighty maze, but not without a plan!
Nor, indeed, do I think that either the writer or reader is,
on the present occasion, called to any work of superero-
gation. It is evidently my duty at least to state literary
facts, not to mutilate, not to oppose, nor even to cen-
sure opinions. Merpov agor, Moderation is best; and
the rules of fitness and propriety ought to be my polar
star and guide.
Μέτρον άρισον,
But, to come to the business of the present chapter.
This college claims for its foundress Margaret of Anjou,
consort of our Henry VI. who, as head of the Lancas-
a I allude not to its present state, but to its former frequent changes
from democracy to aristocracy, and from aristocracy to democracy.
See D'Ivernois' Hist. of the Constitutions and Revolutions in Geneva.
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
147
trian party, was King of England: but though she laid
the foundation, she could not complete it; though she
furnished the materials at first, she could be no longer li-
beral, when she had nothing to give. The Lancastrian
cause at length declined, the king was overwhelmed in
ruin, and she who had shared the triumphs, now also
shared his defeats. Margaret was of a devout mind, and
the motto which she gave her foundation, became ex-
pressive of her condition: Erit Regina Nostra Regina
Margareta Dominus Refugium; et Lapis iste in Sig-
num: that is, The Lord shall be a refuge to our lady
Queen Margaret; and this stone a token of it. Such at
least to those, who admired her virtues, and pitied her
misfortunes, were the impressions, "that Margaret, who
had known afflictions, had not been without her consola-
tions." The title of her new college, Queen's, was in-
tended, no doubt, to convey the idea of sympathy with
her husband, who had founded King's College: but it
was dedicated to St. Bernard and Margaret; to the for-
mer, as being composed in part out of an hostle dedi-
cated to that saint; to the latter, perhaps, out of reve-
rence, by an association of ideas, to her guardian saint,
and from compliment to her own name.
Margaret was related to royalty by birth, as well as by
marriage: she was daughter of Regnier, titular king of
Sicily, Naples, and Jerusalem, count of Anjou, bro-
ther of Charles V. It was a title that afterwards was
borne by the kings of England, though it was little more
than title without much of either property or power: but
she was denominated from him Margaret of Anjou. I
do not study much in this work to delineate characters,
any further than such delineations may be immediately
connected with the foundation of the colleges, or the li
L 2
148
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
terary history of its members; but I cannot forbear bor-
rowing one of the character of our foundress, drawn to
my hand by Hume. "This princess (he observes) was
the most accomplished of her age, both in body and
mind, and seemed to possess those qualities which would
exactly qualify her to acquire the ascendency over
Henry, and to supply all his defects and weaknesses. Of
a masculine, courageous spirit, of an enterprising tem-
per, endowed with solidity as well as vivacity of under-
standing, she had not been able to conceal those great
talents even in the privacy of her father's court; and
it was reasonable to expect, that when she should mount
a throne, they would break out with still superior
lustre.
"The marriage of Margaret took place just after a
truce had been settled between the ministers of France
and the English government. Proposals were made and
adjusted by the Earl of Suffolk, one principal article
agreed on, being, that the province of Maine, the north-
west part of Orleans, in France, should be made over
to the queen's uncle, Charles of Anjou."
The historians of Cambridge date the foundation of
this college in 1448. Mr. Smyth dated the charter 1444,
adding, if so, it was just after Margaret's marriage with
King Henry," which, according to Hume, was in 1443.
Caius says, the first stone was laid at the eastern end of
the chapel, toward the south, by John Wenloc, on the
15th of April, in the sixth year of Henry, and in the
year of our Lord 1448; and this is likely to be its true
date.
We may assure ourselves, at least, it must have been,
when the affairs of the Lancastrians were in a flourishing
condition, or their cause, at least, only in suspense; but
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
149
it is remarkable, that Hume entirely passes over the cir-
cumstance of her having founded this college.
Margaret was contemporary with the renowned Maid
of Orleans, and endued with a portion of her spirit. As
the latter revived the hopes of Charles and the French,
the former was the soul of the Lancastrian party in Eng-
land: her wisdom not only directed the councils of
Henry, but her address recruited his armies: her vigour
gave energy to the Lancastrian army, at the battle of
St. Alban's and Northampton, and raised an army of
'30,000 men, that encamped near Battle-bridge, in York-
shire. After the battles of Touton and Hexham, the
Lancastrian cause never flourished, and Margaret retired
to Flanders: the York party had now gained the ascen-
dency; and the few feeble efforts made by Margaret, in'
an attempt on England, were defeated. The Lancastrians
were still more on the decline, after the decisive battle of
Tewkesbury; Henry was confined in the Tower, where
he died according to some, he was murdered: Mar-
garet, too, became a prisoner, though, after some years
confinement, she was ransomed, at a considerable price,
by Lewis, King of France. At length, after a few
years passed in great privacy, she died in the year 1482.
:
Queen Margaret made over to her new college pos-
sessions to the amount of 2001. which, though no mean
sum in those days, was but a slender endowment: but
her liberal designs towards the foundation were not frus-
trated; what she began, was continued and completed
by the most distinguished personages of the York party;
particularly the Lady Queen Elizabeth, consort to King
Edward IV. She, in the year 1465, finished this col-
lege, and obtained for it many privileges. Richard
1
*
150
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester, after Richard III.
also became a great benefactor; as also Lady Cecily,
Duchess of York, and other distinguished ladies, Mar-
garet Roos, Joanna Inglethorp, and Joanna Borough :
but the person of whom more particular mention should
be made, was Andrew Ducket, a Carmelite friar, and
rector of St. Botolph, Cambridge. It is said, Ducket
first prompted Lady Margaret to the undertaking, and,
having, therefore, been made the first provost by the
foundress, continued for 40 years (for so long he held the
provostship) to solicit contributions of the wealthy,
towards carrying on the building, and settling the endow-
ment. Ducket died in 1484, and lies buried in the ante-
chapel.
The Lady Margaret, the foundress, must stand, in
our account, in the place of many benefactors; for, as Mr.
Parker has before observed, "It would be tedious to in-
sert the whole catalogue of benefactors, amounting to
about 150, within four, over or under, all of them peers,
knights, and esquires." In the time of Mr. Parker, this
college supported a provost, 19 fellows, eight divinity,
and 23 other scholars, besides professors of mathema-
tics, geometry, and Hebrew. The number of scholar-
ships has been considerably increased since his time.
a
Let us then proceed to our learned and distinguished
men.
In the following summary of eminent men of Queen's
my aim is, to notice some of all parties, as I have hi-
therto done, well known, together with a few, who,
though not so celebrated, should not be forgotten.
Professors were what are now called lecturers.
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
151
1
John Fisher had been fellow of Michael House; he
was chancellor of the University 1504, and the first who
was made so for life. At the beginning of the sixteenth
century, he became Bishop of Rochester, and was a
zealous papist.
He wrote against Luther, particularly against those
articles, condemned by Pope Leo X.: he also wrote on
the Eucharist, against Oecolampadius. Bellarmine as-
cribes to him the "Vindication of the Seven Sacra-
ments," which came out under the name of Henry VIII.
and assigns to him seven distinct works. He was made
cardinal, but, what was more glorious-I use Bellar-
mine's words—he was a martyr for Christ, being exe-
cuted when an old man, by order of Henry VIII. in
1535a
Fisher was a great patron of St. John's, and consider-
ed by Baker as a sort of co-founder. Among Baker's
manuscripts, is a Latin life of him, written in Baker's
own hand, though he was not the author. On the cover
of the volume are the following lines, which, as Baker's
name stands a little above, were, most probably, com-
posed by himself :—
Thomas Baker, Coll. Js. Cant. Socius ejectus.
Tene viri tanti cervicem abscindere posse?
Tene cruore pio commaculare manus?
Si vitâ spolias Roffensem, barbare, quando
Ullum producet terra Britanna parem?
Sed tu, Sancte senex, ævo fruiture beato,
Lætus abi in cœlum-te vocat ipse Deus.
}
♣ Bellarmin. de Scriptor. Ecclesiasticis, p. 406.
152
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
Translation of the above Lines.
Thomas Baker, ejected Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge.
What? Sever such an holy head as thine?
What? With thy pious blood defile the hand?
Kill Rochester? Stay, wretch, the foul design:
Ne'er shall his like be seen in Britain land.
To heav'n ascend;-God calls thee from above.
Fisher was master of this college, and bishop of
Rochester in 1504. He was indicted and beheaded, for
denying the supremacy of Henry VIII.
Contemporary with him was Erasmus, who, at the in-
vitation of Fisher, came to Queen's, and was there resi-
dent about seven years: but an ample account has already
been given of Erasmus.
+
Another eminent person, who flourished A. D. 1550,
was John Poynet, first bishop of Rochester, and thence
translated to Winchester: he had been previously fellow
of this college. He was author of a celebrated book on
the Nature and Substance of the Body and Blood of Christ,
and one of those employed in drawing up the articles of
religion.
The celebrated Catechism, also, published in Ed-
ward VI.'s reign, ascribed, by some, to Dean Nowel, is
by others, ascribed to him. Being a public work, it
might be a joint production of several, but in which
Poynet might have a great share. Bishop Godwin speaks
of him as having extraordinary skill in the Greek and
Hebrew languages, and as acquainted with some of the
modern, and as a sort of prodigy in mathematics. He in-
vented a curious clock, for the use of Henry VIII. on
which were not only marked the hours and the days of
the month, but the lunar variations, and the ebbing and
i
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
153
flowing of the seaa. He died at Strasburgh, August 11,
1556, being only 40 years of age.
John Bradford, for whom see Fox's Martyrology, was
also of this college, and Tayler, Bishop of Lincoln, au-
thor of a Treatise on the Marriage of Priests.
Sir Thomas Smith, who became an eminent statesman
in Elizabeth's reign, had been fellow of this college. I
have spoken of him before. He was considered as a
great benefactor to both Universities, and in favour of
them, in 1557, according to the author of the States-
men of England, he proved himself a knowing politi-
cian, by an act then passed, concerning the leases grant-
ed by colleges. The same author observes, you might
there observe him a leading man among the statesmen;
here most eminent among divines; at once the most
knowing and pious man of that age.
John Jocelyne, Esq. edited Gilda Epistola de Exci-
dio Britanniæ, et Castigatio Ordinis Ecclesiastici. He
was the secretary of Archbishop Parker, and mentioned
as one of those who assisted him in his Antiq. Brit. Ec-
clesiæ, and in his Privilegia Eccles. Cant. though his
name does not occur either in the last editors, or in the
bishop's, preface.
To this list, several other names might be added, be-
fore the ejectments in Charles II.'s reign; as Dr. Bullock,
who wrote against Luther: he was the friend of Eras-
mus: Thomas Brightman, who published the curious
Commentary on the Revelations, and on the Articles:
Dr. Davenant, a learned writer, and a famous Calvinist,
■ De Præsul. Angliæ. p. 238.
b P. 371.
•
154
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
;
who published the substance of his Lady Margaret's lec
tures, &c. one of those sent by King James to the Synod
of Dort: and Mr. John Goodwin, the celebrated Armi-
nian controversialist, just mentioned. These, and others,
might be mentioned, but I forbear.
Of the 19 members ejected from this college, as no-
ticed in the Querela Cantabrigiensis, I am not aware of
above one or two, much known as writers; but Mr.
Walker shews peculiar zeal and industry in the Vindica-
tion of Dr. Edward Martin, ejected from the master-
ship.
Among the ministers ejected from the University, at
the Restoration, as noticed by Dr. Calamy, I find none
that were of this college: several, however, of emi-
nence, who inclined to these principles, were of Queen's ;
of this number, was John Preston, first fellow of
Queen's, afterwards master of Emmanuel: he was a
leader among the puritans, wrote a book on the "At-
tributes of God," and a volume of sermons.
He was
S. T. B. Oct. 2, 1622, and next year S. T. P. He
had been chaplain to James I. and preacher of Lincoln's
Inn. Dr. William Bates, also called the Silver Bates,
from his melodious voice and eloquent discourse, was of
the same college, and same principles. Dr. Preston
died July 20, 1640. His life was written by Mr. Ball,
first of this college, afterwards fellow of Emmanuel, and
who, beside this life, wrote some theological pieces. Dr.
Horton, who was master of Queen's, inclined to Presby-
terianism: he was author of 46 sermons on the eighth
chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, and 100 or two
on select passages of the Old and New Testament.
John Trueman, S. T. B. fellow, Ą. 1645, favoured
1
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
155
1
the same principles, though but a moderate dissenter: he
was distinguished for his metaphysical and critical learn-
ing. He published sermons, entitled, the Great Pro-
pitiation, which have been highly spoken of, with a dis-
course on Justification by Faith without Works. He was
a strict Calvinist. He wrote also a book against Bishop
Bull's Harmonica Apostolica, and some other controver-
sial pieces. He died at Clare Hall, A. 1671.
Widely different in theological opinions from most of
the divines last mentioned, was John Smith, a native of
Oundle, Northamptonshire. He came to the University
April 5, 1636, was first a student of Emmanuel Col-
lege, under Dr. Whichcote, and afterwards fellow and
tutor of Queen's. He read mathematical lectures in the
schools with great applauseª. According to Bishop Pa-
trick, he was "eminent as a philosopher, a mathemati-
cian, historian, and Hebrician, and qualified to be a phy-
sician, lawyer, and general linguist." He died Aug. 7,
1652, at the age of 35. His posthumous work, entitled
Select Discourses, was delivered as college lectures, and
is replete with learning: it was first published in 1659,
with an appropriate preface. The 4to. edition, by
Dr. Worthington, who edited also the works of the fa-
mous Joseph Mede, is accompanied with a short ac-
count of his life and death, and a funeral sermon, by Si-
mon Patrick, fellow, at the time, of Queen's, and after-
wards Bishop of Ely. He left his books to the college,
which were many, and choice, and several splendid, and
costly. He was interred in the college chapel,
a Bishop Patrick's account of the author's life and death.
156
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
Smith's writings are not doctrinal; but he appears to
have been a Socinian, and very conversant, and embued
with the writings of the Platonists.
Simon Patrick was a learned and candid Arminian di-
vine, whose Commentary has been much admired: he
also published the Parable of the Pilgrim, the Friendly
Debate, and the Christian Sacrifice. He was first made
Bishop of Chichester, and was translated in 1691 to Ely.
He died in 1700.
Nathaniel Bacon is claimed for Bene't College. There
was one of this name A. M. of Oxford, in 1672, and of
Catharine Hall M. B. 1667: but the person intended
here was the author of a most excellent work, entitled,
an Historical and Political Discourse on the Laws and
Government of England. R. Smyth assigns him to
Queen's; and I find, by the Book of Graduates, a Na-
thaniel Bacon took his A. B. degree from Queen's in
1662, his A. M. in 1666.
It would be wrong to overlook two authors, to whom
this work is, occasionally, indebted; one is John Weevor,
author of a learned and useful work for dates, &c. entitled
Ancient Funeral Monuments, within the united Monar-
chie of Great Britain and Irelande, and the Islands ad-
jacent. He died in 1632. The other is Thomas
Fuller, first student of this, afterwards fellow of Sidney
College. He was author of the History of the Holy
War, and Pisgah Sight of Palestine: but his most fa-
mous works are his Church History of Great Britain; (to
which is annexed his History of the University of Cam-
bridge) and his English Worthies.
Fuller published a platform of the latter work before,
entitled, ABEL REDEVIVUS; the joint production of se-
"
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
157
veral hands: but he furnished the greater portion, and ap-
pears as editor. The poetry, he says (for each life ob-
tains its eulogistic lines), was by Quarles, father and son.
Fuller, also, I understand, wrote poetry; but his poe-
tical productions I never saw. I am, however, reminded
of Addison's lines, which are as applicable to Fuller's
prose, as to Cowley's poetry:
next great Cowley wrote,
O'er-run with wit, and prodigal of thought:
His thoughts too closely on the reader press;
He more had pleas'd us, had he pleas'd us less.
The Characters of the English Poets, in Addison's
Works.
Among other writers, more immediately literary, sci-
entific, or poetical, were the following:-Dr. Wallis was
student of Emmanuel College, but became fellow of
Queen's: he was a great mathematician, and in 1649
made professor of geometry in Oxford. His famous
work was Mathesis Universalis. He died 1703.
Dr. Windett, Mr. Smyth says, was author of a piece
in Latin, addressed to Charles II. on the state of the
dead, according to the opinions of the ancient Hebrews
and Grecians, turned a Life of Plato into Latin, with
Notes, and wrote Latin poems. He died, according
to him, 1687. Dr. Hausted, according to the same,
translated into English verse two books, or de Platone,
from some modern Latin poet of celebrity; what else
he published, I know not.
Dr. Joseph Wasse was a distinguished critic, and anti-
quary: he edited, among other works, the histories of
158
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
Sallust. He was fellow, B. D. 1707, and rector of
Aynho, Northamptonshire. Dr. Davis was master, and
one of the most correct critics of his age: he edited, as
already observed, several classical writers, but his most
famous work was his edition of several of Cicero's
works. He took his L. L. D. in 1711, his D. D. by
Reg. Com. 1717.
I gather, also, from Mr. Smyth's MS. that W.
Needham, M. D. author of Disquisitio de formato Fœtu,
was a student of this college: he went afterward to Tri-
nity, and died in 1691.
But to come a little nearer our own times.
Mr. Henry Taylor much distinguished himself as a
writer in the Arian controversy. The best known of his
works is written under a fictitious character, that of a
Jew, and entitled, Letters from Ben Mordecai; and his
son, Henry Taylor, L. L. B. 1767, published some vo-
lumes of his sermons and tracts, since his death. Mr.
Taylor advocated zealously the cause of the petitioning
clergy, already alluded to. He took his A. M. degree in
1735.
Robert Plumptre, late master, was S. T. P. 1761. I
am not aware he published any thing but a small piece,
relating to public offices in the University, and one
or two tracts without his name: but he was one who
interested himself about the case of the petitioning
clergy; and, I understand, the original petition was in
Dr. Plumptre's possession, and with a short history of
the college, written by himself, was deposited in the
lodge. I have, however, never seen either.
Dr. Robert Plumptre was prebendary of Norwich.
Dr. Charles Plumptre, brother of Dr. Robert, was
1
.
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
159
also of this college, and supported, in like manner, the
cause of the petitioning clergy: he published, but without
his name, a Translation of a Latin Treatise on some
Branch of Morals, to which he prefixed a Preface. He
was Archdeacon of Ely, and took his S. T: P. degree in
1762.
Rev. David Hughes, sen. fellow S. T. B. 1738, was
not known as a writer, except by some piece known only
to his friends, without a name; but he was a judi-
cious scholar, one of the clerical petitioners, and
a distinguished benefactor to this college: he bequeathed
to the college his library, and 2000l. in money: he also
made the master and fellows his residuary legatees.
Thomas Fyshe Palmer, B. D. late senior fellow of
this college, was a theological critic, a man of an acute
mind and ardent disposition: for some years, he inclined
to methodism: but, at length, he became a Unitarian.
The only thing, however, he published with his name,
that I have heard of, was a small piece on the Godhead of
Christ, in form of a letter to a Mr. H. D. Inglis: but he
printed several critical essays on select parts of the New
Testament, in the Theological Repository, and in a similar
work, called Commentaries and Essays, by a Society for
promoting the Knowledge of the Scriptures, that were
thought judicious. He is said also to have left a Čollec-
tion of Observations and Notes, as a harmony of the Four
Gospels a: he formed a Unitarian society at Dundee, and
engaged as warmly in the political controversies of his
time; and was at length indicted in the Circuit Court of
* This I was informed by a particular friend of Mr. Palmer's.
160
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
Justiciary, held at Perth Sept. 12, 1793, for sedition, in
circulating writings on universal suffrage, and parliamen-
tary reform, and the impolicy of the present war. His
sentence was transportation for seven years to Botany
Bay. He died at the Manillas, being on his return
to England, after the expiration of his sentence. His
name is spelt in the indictment Fische, but its true spell-
ing was Fyshe, the name of his father, who afterward
changed it to Palmer. Mr. P. took his A. M. degree in
1772, his S. T. B. 1781.
Mr. Robert Acklom Ingram, fellow, published a few
sermons and a Syllabus or Abstract of a System of politi-
cal Economy, with a dissertation, recommending that the
study of political economy be encouraged in the Univer-
sity, 1799. Mr. Ingram took his S. T. B. degree in
1796. His theological opinions I am not acquainted
with.
But to proceed to other matters.
In the buildings, and about the grounds of this college,
much is seen, very worthy of attention: the building is
ancient, and not being cased with a stone front, as many
of the other colleges were many years ago, retains, what
some of them have lost, its venerable air of antiquity;
being of that style of building, which, before the time of
Inigo Jones, and Sir Christopher Wren, was called, not
very properly, Gothic.
However, it is built in that style, and is the oldest piece.
of brick building in the University, perhaps in England.
You enter it on the east, by a lofty and magnificent tower
gateway, having over the gate, the arms of the foundress;
it is sufficiently stately, but not frittered into ornaments,
and has a sufficient correspondence to the back of Catha-
rine Hall, to which it is opposite, to be agreeable. The
·
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
161
éastern court contains nothing remarkable, except it may
be the dial on the north side, as being curiously orna-
mented, and the invention of Sir Isaac Newton. The
hall is agreeably modernized, except that it retains one of
its antique windows. What must strike every one here
are three pictures, at the upper end, of Lady Elizabeth,
Erasmus, and Sir Thomas Smith-all in very elegant
frames-by Hudson.
Every thing that calls to mind the memory of an emi-
nent man, is apt to take the attention of the curious; and
accordingly some might find pleasure in visiting the cham-
bers of Erasmus-reported to be the garret chambers,
near the screens―in which was formerly an immense cork-
screw, said to belong to that great man.
But though
Erasmus loved a glass of wine, being an invalid, much
wasted by intense study, he was no hard drinker, so we
dismiss the corkscrew as an idle conceit. The other court,
called Walnut Tree Court, has in it nothing remarkable;
it was so called from an old walnut tree which was for-
merly in the middle, as there were also in some courts of
other colleges.
The cloister leads back to monkish times, and has a
more monastic air, than even that of Jesus College, as
being more narrow, and less fitted for social circumambu-
lation. Over this are chambers for students.
From the cloisters you pass over a white curious bridge
of wood, with stone abutments, across the Cam, into the
grounds, gardens, and grove, which appertain to this
house.
And here any person may linger with great delight, and
an improver might indulge, either his fancy or his taste:
the grounds are extensive, and there may be said to be
four gardens, including the master's, with the fellows'
VOL. JI.
M
!
\ 162
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
bowling green, on the east side of the river. In the fel-
lows' garden were formerly espaliers, now removed, and
its present appearance, it being open, and consisting prin-
cipally of a kitchen garden, looks, perhaps, more like a
country, than a college garden. An improver, perhaps,
might say, give those strait walks a more curving direction,
and plant them round with a shrubbery; beat down that
brick wall, and exchange it for palisades, or an iron fence
railing, that there may be some sort of connexion between
garden and grove: perhaps a poet or a painter, without
too much fondness for the petit embellishments, the ar-
chitecture of gardening, or taking a receipt, how to awak-
en by the scenery on a small spot, a sublime melancholy,
might wish a little done here: but be it recollected, that
Queen's has been rather famous for mathematicians and
divines, than poets; and it has been observed, that ma-
thematicians and divines are apt to walk in straight lines,
and poets in curves, as the former are apt to be more uni-
form and regular in their literary pursuits than the latter.
The grove to which you enter from the garden is much
admired, and Erasmus's walk may invite the traveller to
meditate for a moment on a man, who, though but a few
years here, was the great ornament of this college, and
conferred a lasting benefit on the University.
Let no one leave these grounds without going to the
end of that walk by the side of the river, and let him
thence look to the view on the opposite side; nor let him
say, it is the best in Cambridge, or is well enougħ for
Cambridge: though it has not hill and dale, perhaps, of
the kind, it is one of the best any where; for it has grand
objects, which amply compensate for the want of other
• See Mr. Mason's English Garden, Book 1.
{
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
163
beauties; a small home view, with the accompaniment
of magnificent edifices, and agreeable scenery. The west
front of King's College Chapel, with its south perspec-
tive, the east and south perspective of Clare Hall, the
elegant bridge over the Cam, Clare Hall piece, with
its plantation of venerable old elms, King's Meadow, with
passengers passing and repassing on one side of the river,
and Queen's Close on the other, form a most delightful
picture. They would be still more delightful, if, instead
of viewing it from the edge of the river, you contem-
plated Cam at a distance: but, in spite of improvers, he
will take his own course, and, perhaps, is creeping with
insidious intentions, immediately under the western side of
this college: for, if what was apprehended by some, of
the danger of the wall of St. John's College, in time,
being undermined, is true, it may, if not provided against
by underpinning prove no less fatal to this.
In the master's lodge, over the north and west sides of
the cloister, are the long gallery, and audit room, in which
the master and fellows meet to transact college business,
and other rooms. In these is an unusual number of por-
traits, with a few other pictures: and among them some
are ancient, and a few very valuable and good.
Those counted worthy of notice are, a portrait of Eras-
mus, by Holbein, who made the curious designs in one
of the editions of Erasmus's' Praise of Folly; an oval
portrait, by Reynold, but the person is not known; an altar-
piece, in a most curious taste, and finely coloured: it is
a I am not inclined to undervalue this admired piece: but I cannot
forbear copying the following passage from the Narrative of three years
in France, by Miss Plumptre, where, when describing the cathedral of St.
Sauveur, at Aix, she describes the counterpart of this picture, adding,
it is by no means an ill founded conjecture, that the picture in Queen's
·
M 2
164
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
:
accounted very valuable. It contains three small divisions
or pannels; the first shewing Christ, betrayed by Judas;
the second, his Resurrection; the third, his appearance
after it, to his disciples. Mr. Wray, by Dance; and in
the master's bed-chamber, a general, with this motto: “Fa-
to lubenter cedentem tam mari quam terra," half length.
The portrait of the foundress is ancient, but whether an
original I do not know. There is also another portrait of
the foundress, by Freeman.. That of the late master,
Dr. Plumptre, is a most striking likeness, and bears the
strong resemblance of some living parts of the family.
There are also two good ones by the late ingenious Mr.
Opie, of the present master, Dr. Isaac Milner, and Mr.
Wilberforce, the member for Yorkshire.
The same variety, or contrast, which I noticed in the
Lodge was given by the foundress of the college, Margaret of Anjou,
the daughter of King Rene, and wife of our Henry VI. to ornament the
chapel, but that on the overthrow of the Catholic religion, it was remov-
ed to the lodge. Nothing was known of the time it had been there, nor
was any tradition of any kind attached to it, except that it had been a
Catholic ornament to a church; but the connexion between the foundress
of the college and Aix, where her father spent so much of his time,
seems sufficient to authorize the idea, that the picture was copied from
these paintings in St. Sauveur, as a present to her new foundation."
Vol. ii. p. 242. This seems very probable. It is not likely they should
part with the original out of the cathedral of St. Sauveur. Besides,
that in the latter place the painting is in four compartments; that in
Queen's in three, so that the latter seems to be a copy, and of three
parts. Miss P. is daughter of the late master of Queen's, Dr. Plump-
tre, who, therefore, speaks thus of the above pictures, "three of these
were the exact counterpart of an old painting, the friend, as it were, of
my infancy, which long did hang, and, I hope, long will hang, at the end
of a gallery in the master's lodge, at Queen's College." However, this
picture, though probably only a copy, would naturally be copied in the
very best manner, and may possess all the value that is usually attached
to it.
!
·

GEORGE MONK
Duke of Albemarle.
M.V. Gucht Scul
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
165

opimons of the successive members of this society, may
be traced in their portraits. So that instead of having
Jesus Christ and the royal martyr, as in a picture gallery.
Oxford, you have the royal martyr, Charles I. and
Oliver Cromwell, the usurper: Charles II with General
Monk, described as the Joshua, who led up the Restora-
tion, and High Peters, as the Zimri to the opposite
party, chaplain to Cromwell: a contrast so remarkable,
not to be found, as recollect, in any college picture gal-
léry in England.
Another remarkable instance of variety strikes me.
"No college in England," I am now copying Dr. Fuller,
“ hath such exchange of coats of arms as this hath, giv
ing sometimes the armies of Jerusalem(with many others
quartered therewithanaigned by Queen Margaret, their
first foundres
als other listimet coat, viz
a crozier, and pastoral staffer alt piercing through
boar's head, in the midst of the shield. This I humbly
conceive, bestowed on them by Richard III. (when under-
taking the patronage of this foundation,) in allusion to the
boar, which was his crest, and wherein those church im-
plements, disposed in saltyre, or in form of St. Andrew's
crosse, might,m their devise, relate to Andrew Ducket,
so much meriting of this foundation. However, at this
day the collège ves the wearmg of this coat, laying it
m her wardrobe, and makes use of the former only.
He was tried October 10, 1660, and executed with twenty-six more,
eng concerned za Chari
eath. Parliamentary Intelligencer,
October 15, 1660.
Hist. of Cambridge, p. SA
7

[166]
CATHARINE HALL..
THIS is an ancient foundation, but a more modern
building: small in its original establishment, but remark-
able for its succession and number of benefactors. It
has, indeed, been rather thought overcharged with names
than some others, though not too liberally endowed. It
has accordingly been suggested, that some of the smaller
benefactions should be omitted, as being too inconsider-
able to appear in a list; a distinction unnecessary to be
made in the present Work.
For an account of the founder of Catharine Hall, we
must attend to the History of King's College, for he was
of that house.
Dr. Robert Woodlark was one of the sixth, and last, put
into his college, King's, by Hen. VI. at its foundation. He
was born at Wakerley, in Northumberland, and succeeded
to the provostship of King's, Feb. 27, 1452, On Feb.
27, 1457, he was presented to the rectory of Kingston in
this county, which he soon resigned, viz. May, 1458, in
favor of Dr. Towne. He filled the office of chancellor
in 1459, and was raised again to that high office in 1462.
In 1471, from respect to his character, and abilities, he was
presented to the rectory of Coton; in 1473, to that of
Fulburne St. Vigor's, both in this county.

H

Drawn &Engby J.Greg.
Catharine Hall.
COLTON
Published for the Proprietors by Longman Ct Pernoster Row, Jan 1814.
43317
CATHARINE HALL.
167
After Dr. Woodlark had been provost of King's twenty-
seven years, he resigned, and chose to live in retirement,
on some of the college rents. It is not certainly known
where he was buried, though it is supposed, with great
probability, that he lies in King's College Chapel.
Hatcher, who has given a sketch of his life in his MS.
History of King's, says, "he often made inquiry about it,
both at Catharine Hall and King's; and supposes, as there
are many marbles without inscriptions, from many of
which the brasses have been erased, it is by no means un-
likely but that some one of them may have been removed
from the choir, when that was new paved with black and
white marble, into the ante-chapel, where they now lie, and
might have belonged to him." The same writer notices
(from Dugdale's History of Warwickshire, (p. 603,) a sin-
gular inscription in the north window of the chancel of
the church of Wotten-Waven, or Waves-Wootton, in that
county; which certainly relates to our Woodlark". The
shrewd author of the fable of the Bees, says, "if a man
would render himself immortal, be ever praised and dei-
fied after his death, and have all the acknowledgment, the
honors, and compliment paid to his memory, that vain-
glory herself could wish for, I don't think it in human
skill to invent a more effectual method" than endowing
a college. It is a singular circumstance, then, that so
little regard should have been paid to this feeling, as that
• History of King's College Cambridge, p. 10. in vol. xiii. of Cole's
MSS. in British Museum.
b Orate pro bono statu Magistri Roberti Wode, prepositi Collegii
Regalis Cantabrigie et sociorum ejusdem, qui istam fenestram fieri
fecerunt. The lack of the last syllable was, probably, made up by a
rebus, or lark, at top.
168
CATHARINE HALL.
་
no indisputable record should have testified where this
founder lies: should he, therefore, have any remembrance
of what passes in this forgetful world, and retain any
thing of what Mandeville represents as a founder's feel-
ing, sure I am he will be grateful to me, for taking some
pains to ascertain the place of his burial, though I have
not been able to find his inscription.
"he
It was in the first year of Dr. Woodlark's chancellor-
ship, viz. 1443, that he formed the design of founding a
new college, which he realized, and dedicated it to St.
Catharine, and placed it as near as he could to his own,
King's; on which account I borrow Hacket's words,
purchased two tenements of Edmond Story, afterwards
Bishop of Chichester, and two others of other persons,
between King's and Queen's; and there he built his col-
lege, endowing it with good lands and revenues, for the
maintenance of a master and three fellows, having licence
so to do from King Edward IV. in 1459*.
So much for the founder: as to benefactors, instead of
disturbing the order of them, or of diminishing their
number, I shall copy from Dr. Fuller a few more an-
cient names, omitted by others, and insert two more
modern, identified in some manner with the present
building.
The old benefactors omitted by others, but mentioned
by Dr. Fuller, are the following: Mr. Robert Simpson,
Mr. John Chester, Dr. Thimblebie, Dr. Middleton, Dr.
Colmley, Dr. Christopher Shirland, Mrs. Jurdain, Dr.
a Some of our Cambridge Histories are incorrect in their dates here.
They, at least, differ from Thatcher, who is most likely to be right, both
from the nature of his undertaking, and the chronological minuteness
with which he speaks of Woodlark.
CATHARINE HALL.
169
William Gouge, Mr. Coulson, Mr. Alured, Mr. Cradock,
merchant of London.
The idea suggested, that benefactors should be omitted,
who give under 1001. reminds one of father Olivarez's
rule, in the case of purgatory; "Here, now, you fellows
that give only tre pence, I will only pray tre qhuarters of
this man's shoul out of phurgatory, I will leave ťother
qhuarter for t'other penny.'
The two more modern names are those of Mrs. Rams-
den, who gave six fellowships, and ten scholarships, for
Yorkshire and Lincolnshire men; and with a generosity
rather singular, directed, they should be called after the
name of one of her relations, Robert Skyrne, Esq. of
Fokerby, in Yorkshire, an old benefactor to the house.
That part of the building, in the front of which is the li-
brary, has been assigned for their apartments; and Sher-
lock, Bishop of London, and master of this college in
1748, gave his valuable library, with 6001. for a room to
receive them.
Among the eminent persons of this college may be
mentioned Edwin Sands, D. D. first president, and after-
wards master. Having espoused the part of Lady Jane
Grey, he went, during Mary's reign, into Germany; in
Elizabeth's he returned, and was made Bishop of Wor-
cester, and in succession, Bishop of London, and Arch-
bishop of York a. He was a violent Episcopalian, and
spoken of as one of the translators of Queen Elizabeth's, or
Parker's Bible. He wrote a volume of sermons, and died
Bishop of Norwich, in 1619.
Dr. Sibbes, author of the Bruised Reed, and Soul's
Conflict, together with Expositions on various parts of the
a Godwin de Præsul. Angl. Edit. Richardson, p. 711.
-..
170.
CATHARINE HALL.
New Testament, a famous Presbyterian preacher, was
first fellow of St. John's, but died master of this college,
in 1634.
Mr. John Strype was the famous author of the Annals
of the Reformation, and the Lives of Archbishops
Parker and Whitgift. It is remarkable, that according to
the Querela Cantabrigiensis, only one loyalist was ejected
by the Parliament from this college, Dr. Brownrigg, of
whom, as an author, elsewhere; and, according to Dr.
Calamy, only one Puritan; but, I suspect there were more,
as many of the Puritans were educated here.
William Green, A. M. author of two Discourses on the
Corruption of Nature and Salvation by Grace, and a
Needful Preparative for the Lord's Supper. But several
who had been of this college, were ejected from their
livings by the Bartholomew Act.
Thomas Goodwin, D. D. fellow, was lecturer of Tri-
nity Church, Cambridge; but objecting to the terms of
conformity, resigned his preferment, and left the Univer-
sity, in 1634. He was one of the assembly of divines,
an Independant, and a great favourite of Oliver Cromwell,
and by him was made president of Magdalen College,
Oxford, but removed at the Restoration. He was a su-
pra lapsarian Calvinist, and his works are numerous, pub-
lished by his son, Dr. Thomas Goodwin, with a remark-
able life. There is a singular portrait of him in Dr. Ca-
lamy's Account of Ejected Ministers.
Other eminent Puritans were also of this college,
among whom we should mention Dr. John Lightfoot,
made master by the Parliament, in 1651, being then only
A. M. He was distinguished for his Oriental literature.
a Nonconformist's Memorial, by Calamy, as abridged. Mr. Palmer's
edition, vol. i. p. 267.
CATHARINE HALL.
171
His works are in two folio volumes, conspicuous among
which, are his Hora Hebraicæ. Mr. R. Śmyth, also,
mentions Mr. William Strongea as fellow of this college.
He was eminent among the Independants, and author of
the Parable of the Prodigal Son, and Select Sermons,
with other works, and a leader among the Independants.
Henry Hickman, B. D. is correctly stated by Dr. Ca-
lamy, as fellow of Magdalen, Oxford; but he does not
notice his having been first scholar of Catharine Hall.
He was ejected from Oxford, and published several works
against Dr. Heylin and others, and in favour of the Non-
conformists". He was a celebrated preacher at Oxford,
but died at Leyden, advanced in years, about the time of
the Revolution.
John Ellys, B.D. fellow, is spoken of as a worthy
writer for the church, by Carter; as a changling by R.
Smyth, according to whom, he wrote Vindicia Catholicæ,
or Rights of Particular Churches asserted, in favour of
Independancy; but which he retracted, in a work entitled,
St. Austin Imitated, or Retractations and Repentings, for
having deserted the King and Parliament, in the Great
Rebellion. His son, too, was a changling of another
kind, from the church of England he turned to the church
of Rome, and became a bishop in that community.
Sir Edward Lane was advocate general in Ireland, was
first of this college, though afterwards of St. Alban's Hall,
Oxford. He wrote on the Alteration and Explanation of
• In Calamy's account, the name of a Mr. Strong is barely mentioned,
as ejected from Allerton, in Northumberland.
b The principal one is in Latin, entitled, Apologia pro Ministris in
Anglia vulgo Nonconformistis, anno 1662, Aug. 24, die Bartholomæ
dicto ejectis, 1664.
:
172
CATHARINE HALL.
some of our old Laws, and Memoranda, touching the
Oath ex Officio, with some other things. He died 1674.
Francis Hutchinson, S. T. P. 1698, and Bishop of
Down and Connor, in 1720, wrote an Historical Essay
on Witchcraft. Nor can I help noticing William Wot-
ton, D. D. the author of a work of considerable learning,
entitled, Reflections upon Ancient and Modern Learning;
-in which, against Sir William Temple and others, he
rather sides with the moderns-and of the valuable trans-
lation into Latin of Hywel Dha's Welsh Laws, Ecclesias-
tical and Civil, published 1730.
I shall also notice of this period, two eminent dignitaries
of the church, one already mentioned as master, Dr.
Thomas Sherlock. He was made Bishop of Bangor,
1727, and of London, 1758. He wrote of the Use and
Intent of Prophecy, in the several Ages of the World, in
Six Discourses, accompanied with four Dissertations, of
which the fifth edition was printed in 1749, and the Trial
of the Witnesses of the Resurrection of Jesus, and other
pieces of a controversial character. He died 1761.
Dr. Benjamin Hoadley, so famous in theological and
political controversy, was fellow of this college, Bishop of
Bangor, 1715; of Hereford, 1721; of Salisbury, 1723,
and translated to Winchester 1734 a. As a friend to
Episcopacy, he wrote, in 1707, A Brief Defence of Epis-
copacy, at the close of which he replies to Mr. Calamy's
Defence of Moderate Nonconformity; and yet he advo-
cated the cause both of the Catholics and Protestant Dis-
senters, in a Refutation of Bishop Sherlock's Arguments
against a Repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts; it
a Godwin de Præsul. Ang. per Richardson, p. 246.
CATHARINE HALL.
173
•
was published in 1719, under the title of the Common
Rights of Subjects continued, and the nature of the Sa-
cramental Test continued, &c. and this was the well-known
Bangorian Controversy, He was engaged, also, in con-
troversy with Blackall, Bishop of Exeter, who had been
fellow of this college. But Hoadley's writings are too
many to be enumerated here. I cannot, however, forbear
quoting what Mr. Calamy says of one, for which Hoadley
fell under the censures of the clergy; "but he defended
himself nobly, in his Measures of Submission, &c. for which
all true hearted men own themselves indebted to him. For
my part, though I have often wondered, that his principles
did not carry him further, and that he should not be as
much against an ecclesiastical as a civil slavery, yet it
troubled me to be engaged in a controversy with one, who
was so serviceable to his country a "
It is remarkable, that these two celebrated prelates,
Sherlock and Hoadley, were contemporaries, while under-
graduates in college, and had some feelings of rivalry
there; that they were directly opposed to each other in
the Bangorian controversy; that they succeeded each
other in the see of Salisbury; and both died in the same
year, 1761.
Besides the controversy alluded to above, there are ex-
tant several volumes of sermons of Bishop Blackall. He
was made Bishop of Exeter in 1707, and died in 1716.
Francis Blackburne was an eminent controversial wri-
ter, who, in the middle of the last century, stirred up a
warfare in the very bosom of the church. He was the
author of the Confessional, or a Full and Free Inquiry
into the Right, Utility, Edification, and Success of estab-
lishing Systematical Confessions of Faith and Doctrines
a Abridgment of Mr. Baxter's History, &c. vol. i. p. 692.
174
CATHARINE HALL.
in Protestant Churches. It was first printed in 1766, and
went through several editions; coming from a dignitary of
the church, (for Mr. B. was archdeacon of Cleveland, in
Yorkshire,) and being countenanced by some in authority,
as well as by others of the inferior clergy, it was the more
zealously opposed by an opposite partya. Mr. B. was
also thought to be the author of the Free and Candid
Disquisitions, which made so much noise about this time;
but though not the author, he published an Apology for
the Authors of the Free and Candid Disquisitions, in
1750.
In 1752, Mr. B. published, A Serious Enquiry into the
Use and Importance of external Religion, being an attack
on Bishop Butler; and next, A Candid Address to the
Jews, residing, or desiring to reside in Great Britain, oc-
casioned by the repeal of a late act of Parliament, in
their favour. He also published, in 1757, Remarks on
Dr. Warburton's Account of the Sentiments of the early
Jews concerning the Soul, being a Defence of his Friend,
Bishop Law's Soul-Sleeping System. Having, by this
time, brought some of his clerical friends into difficulties,
the Archdeacon was thought the proper person to attempt
the removal of them. He, accordingly, wrote proposals
for an application to Parliament, for relief in the matter
of subscription to the Liturgy, and Thirty-nine Articles of
a The Confessional takes the ground directly opposite to Bishop War-
burton's Alliance between Church and State. The best work in defence
of our national establishment, called forth by it, was, perhaps, Dr. Ro-
theram's Essay on Establishments. It proceeds much on Mr. Hobbes's
principles, laid down in his third book, de Cive, which were afterwards
more fully expounded in his Leviathan.
b The author was the Rev. Mr. Jones, vicar of Alconbury, near Hun-
tingdon. See Blackburne's Life, prefixed to his Works, p. 12.
CATHARINE HALL.
175
the church of England. And on the same principles, a
petition was drawn up, and being signed by about two
hundred clergymen, was presented to Parliament, Feb. 6,
1772, by Sir William Meredith, -member for Yorkshire.
The above tracts, together with the Archdeacon's Charges,
and several other practical and controversial pieces, com-
pose Mr. B.'s smaller works. Mr. B. had also made
.Collections for a Life of Luther, on the plan of Jortin's
Life of Erasmus; but this work he abandoned on under-
taking to write the Memoirs of Thomas Hollis, Esq.
which were published in two splendid volumes, quarto.
This work, though printed anonymously, and defective in
arrangement, is certainly a very curious performance.
-
Mr. Blackburne also published Remarks on Johnson's
Life of Milton, being rather a defence of his political
principles, than a critique on his poetry, our Archdeacon
himself being a zealous whig. This acute and ardent
a In 1804, his works were published by his son, Francis Blackburne,
L.L.B. in seven volumes, illustrated by an Appendix of Original Papers,
together with some account of the life and writings of the author, by
himself, and completed by his son. It appears, from this account,
though the Archdeacon disapproved some parts of the Liturgy, and of
the Thirty-nine Articles, that he professed himself a zealous friend to
what he thought the true interests of the church, and, in proof, it is
mentioned, that when he had very handsome offers made him, to suc-
ceed Dr. Chandler, as minister of a Dissenting congregation, in London,
he declined them. It appears, further, that he had another son, though
I am not aware he published any thing, who was a disciple, no less zea-
lous, of the same school. This was Thomas Blackburne, M.D. who took
a leading part at Cambridge, among the young men who petitioned to
be relieved from subscribing the Thirty-nine Articles, on taking the A.B.
degree. It does not appear from the book of Graduates, that he took
any degree at Cambridge. He died, according to the Archdeacon's Latin
memorandum, June 23, 1783.
176
CATHARINE HALL.
:
controversialist died in peace, and a good old age, (eighty-
three,) in the year 1787. He took his A. M. degree in
1783.
J. Hucks, fellow, published a volume of poems, in 1798.
"He was not one of our great poets, and is not much
known." If not a great poet, he seems to have been
something better. Mr. H. says, in his preface, they were
his first essays in poetry, and that they would probably be
his last. Taking to the study of the law, he left poetry,
and both very soon for the grave.
Permitte-nunc super ilice
Lyramq. pendentemq. buxum
Ambiguis fluitare ramis.
But, The Retrospect, no good man needed to have blushed
owning.
Peace, a poor Exile, from life's rocky bourne,
Weeps in some vale obscure, and often starts,
As the low murmurs of the distant war
Die on the hollow gales, and speak of death:
While Virtue, sitting midst the wrecks of Time,
Sighs for the fall of Justice and of Truth.
Retrospect.
Mr. Hucks took his A. M. degree in 1797.
•
· Kenrick Prescot, S. T. B. 1738, S. T. P. 1749, and
master, wrote a treatise on Paul at Athens, and one on
Horace: in the former, he considers the connexion of polite
letters and religion, and concludes with some appropriate
endearments with his Alma Mater (though he brings her
in too late), whom he calls, as Diodorus Siculus did
CATHARINE HALL.
177
1
*
Athens, Kolvov wayTw waideurngion, the common instructress
of all in the latter, he attempts to shew, what will,
perhaps, startle some readers, that the often-quoted
passage
aliquando bonus domitat Homerus,
does not intend literally Homer, but figuratively Ennius,
called, in his time, the sleeping Homer. Of both Dr.
Preston's books it may be said, that had the author's taste
been equal to his learning, he might have improved his
fancies into elegant probabilities. The latter work con-
tains much that is valuable, more particularly what he
says concerning Longinus.
A word or two relating to the building, and gardens of
this Hall.
The buildings, that form it, then, compose three
sides of a quadrangle, built of brick, and in good taste,
and of a fair collegiate appearance, at an equal remove
from monastic gloom and unnecessary magnificence.
They are approached through a piece of ground planted
with elms, and with iron palisades fronting, through which
the court and building are seen to the best advantage. The
west front presents the longest façade in the University,
and has a neat portico, the gateway and upper stories of
the Tuscan order, having as much of elegance, as that
order well admits, or as their relation to the other parts
of the building requires. Bishop Sherlock's library is a
good room, well arranged; the hall is of proper propor-
tions, and neatly stuccoed, and has a portrait of the
founder, a good picture, whencesoever it was copied, or
whatever its likeness may be. The chapel, on the north
side of the court, is a good edifice of modern structure,
built of brick, with a stone door-case and window-
frames, a handsome inside, neatly wainscoted with oak,
VOL. II.
N
し​た​!
178
CATHARINE HALL.
and having a black and white marble pavement. The
old chapel was in the middle of the court, where the
garden is; but the bones were removed to the new one,
that was consecrated by the Bishop of Ely, Sept. 1,
1704. In this chapel are two or three monuments, that
are memorable; one, in the ante-chapel, for its singu-
larity. It is erected to the memory of a lady, and the
inscription highly wrought up. Its singularity consists in
its being the only monument, that I know of, to a lady
within college-walls at Cambridge, with the exception of
that very ancient one in the transept of Jesus-College
chapel, which is sacred to the good nun, Berte Rosata.
The lady to whom this monument is sacred is, Lady
Frances Dawes, wife of Sir Thomas Dawes, who was
formerly master of the college, but resigned, on being
raised to the archbishopric of York. Another monu-
ment is memorable, as being erected to Dr. Adden-
brooke, founder of the hospital in this town, that bears
his name, and who died in 1719.
A third is memorable, both as recording the time when
the college was new built, and the person, known too by
his writings, under whose mastership, and by whose zeal,
the building was raised. This was Dr. John Eachard,
twice vice-chancellor of the University, and who died
master of this college in 1697, the author of a book,
which made some stir in the world, entitled, Reasons of
the Contempt of the Clergy.
a The Consecration Sermon, by John Lang, B. D. fellow, was printed,
together with the Form of Consecration.
b He was promoted to Chester 1709, and translated to York in 1718.
He died in 1724. Godwin. de Præsul. Ang. p. 716. His works were
published in three volumes, 8vo. 1735.
CATHARINE HALL.
179
1
Passing from the hall, chapel, and other parts of these
buildings, we may spend a minute or two agreeably
enough in the garden. No scene is more pleasing to the
eye than a garden, or spreads over the mind a finer calm :
this, in the present instance, may be assisted, on ob-
serving how the features of this piece of ground harmo-
nize with the general character of the place. It is a
flower-garden, a little spot, but neat and elegant: for-
merly, about some 50 years ago, a statue of Charity stood
in the midst; and though ancient or foreign statues may
not comport well with an English garden, as having no
relation to the place, and expressing no important mean-
ing, yet Charity never faileth; she is the genius of all
climes and ages, and in a place, that was founded by a
lady, and of which a lady is the protectress saint, a statue
of Charity was a natural memento, and an appropriate de-
coration.
A contemplative mind might, perhaps, find further mat-
ter for reflection, on recollecting that on the spot where is
now the garden, was formerly a chapel: thus time changes
every thing; and the place which at one period is the
grave of human beings, becomes, at another, a garden,
fragrant with sweets, and blooming with vegetative life.
And, who would change these soft, yet solid joys,
For empty shews and senseless noise;
And all which rank Ambition breeds,
Which seem such beauteous flowers, and are such poisonous weeds?
1
N 2
Cowley.
i
[180]
:
KING'S COLLEGE.
it
THIS college attracts the notice of strangers beyond
most, as well from the magnificence of its buildings, as
the agreeableness of its situation. Proudly, too, may
be spoken of by its members, for it has a proud title, and
was founded by a king.
In the year 1441, which was the 19th year of Hen. VI.
that prince erected a college sacred to St. Nicholas, for
one rector, and 12 scholars, on. the site where formerly
stood two celebrated churches, those of St. Nicholas, and
St. John Baptist or of Zacharias.
Two years after, Henry changed his plan, appointing,
at first, a provost, (præpositus) 70 fellows, 10 presbyters,
(presbyteros) 6 clericos, clerks, and 16 choristers a. To
the college, thus invested with new officers, he assigned a
new name, consecrating it to the blessed Virgin Mary and
the glorious confessor St. Nicholas, no doubt affected,
• According to Hatcher, the number in his time were, one provost,
(præpositus) 70 fellows and scholars, three conducti (chaplains) ten pres-
byteri (priests) six clerici, 16 choristæ, scholars (formerly 13) servitors
waiting on the senior fellows, and 16 college servants, preter indigentiores
scholares, qui ex residuis ferculis quotidie reficiuntur.

Drawn Eng by Greig
Part of King's College
Langman & Peterper
KING'S COLLEGE.
181
when in prospect of beginning his new chapel, with the
spirit of our old English poet St. Godric :
Sainte Nicholaes, Godes druth,
Tymbre us fair scone hus:
At thi burth, at thi bare,
Sainte Nfcholaes bring us vel thareª.
This then is the college, which, in honour of the royal
founder, is now called King's, and which was so well en-
dowed by Henry, as to stand in little want of future be-
nefactors, except more particularly, as hath been the
case, with respect to the library, and some smaller mat-
ters.
It should seem that Henry, from the first, meditated a
foundation worthy of a king, and that a suitable ensign
might not be wanted, he empowered it,, by an instru-
ment, dated Jan. 1, 27th year of his reign, to wear his
arms, in which the white roses, on a black field, were so
conspicuous, and which are now so liberally strewed all
over the college; and Henry, it is said, laid the first stone
himself.
According to the original foundation, Eton School was
made a nursery for this college, it being appointed by the
founder, that no one should ever be admitted into King's
College who had not been first a scholar at Eton". Ac-
cordingly, Dr. William Towne, one of the first fellows,
and afterwards one of the provosts of this college, was
obliged to be admitted scholar at Eton, though A. M.
a See vol. i. p. 154, of this History.
b In quo, præter præpositum unum, sociosq. septem, cantores et
pueri grammaticales 70 aluntur; a quibus, et non aliunde, scholares
ad hoc collegium regale quotannis promoventur. Hatcher, ut supra.
182
KING'S COLLEGE.
.
before he could be admitted of King's: at present, I
think five out of the seven fellows of Eton must be
chosen from King's.
But, no doubt, it will be expected of us to speak
more circumstantially of Henry, who, though not a great
king, nor in any respect a great man, did some splendid
things, foremost among which was, the building and en-
dowing of this college.
Henry VI. when his father Henry V. died, was but
nine months old: of course, the nation was destined to
be under a long minority. The Duke of Bedford, a
man of great ability and experience, was, in 1422, ap-
pointed guardian or protector, rather than regent; and
in his absence the Duke of Gloucester: and the nation
just reposing after its contests with France, was to be
soon engaged again in a French war b.
Soon after Henry VI. became of age, he married Mar-
garet of Anjou, " Anjou's Heroine," one of the most
distinguished women of her age. It was in his reign
that those dreadful wars commenced between the rival
families of Lancaster and York (the red and white roses),
which, during 30 years, cost England so much of its best
blood. In these wars, Henry with his illustrious spouse,
bore a conspicuous, but unfortunate, part, being doomed
to lose both his crown and his life in the dispute: for, af-
a Hatcher MS.-This MS. historiette is among Cole's MSS. vol. 13,
and entitled, a Catalogue of all the Provosts and Fellows and Soho-
lars, &c. first gathered by Mr. Thomas Hatcher, Fellow of this Col-
lege, until the Year 1562, since continued by John Scott, Coroner of
the same College, until the Year 1620, and now prosecuted by William
Cole, A. M. and Fellow-Commoner of the said College until 1746.”
b Hume's Hist. of England.
• Gray.
KING'S COLLEGE.
183
ter the famous battle of Tewkesbury, he was, as before
observed, confined in the Tower. It is supposed he
was murdered; and to this circumstance Gray's ener
getic lines refer :-
Ye towers of Julius, London's lasting shame,
With many a foul and midnight murder fed,
Revere his consort's faith, his father's fame,
And spare the meek usurper's holy head".
According to Sir Henry Spelman's British Councils,
vol. ii. p. 712, after being removed from Chertsey Ab-
bey, Surrey, Henry's remains were re-removed to St.
George's Chapel, Windsor; and it is mentioned as the
original ground for Henry VIIth's erecting that most cu-
rious chapel, which bears his name, in Westminster Ab-
bey, that he might remove Henry VIth, and have him
interred there and probably there he now lies. Mr.
Cole observes, that it looks as if there had been a mo-
nument for King Henry VIth in St. George's Chapel at
Windsor, in 1598, at which time Paul Hentzner, an in-
quisitive and curious German, was in England, who,
speaking of this chapel, has these words:" Estq.
ædicula hæc sacra magnificis regum monumentis deco-
rata, Edw. 4ti, Hen. 6ti & 8th, ejusque conjugis reginæ
Joannæ.
b
• Gray's Bard.
↳ Cole's MSS. vol. 13. Mr. Cole refers to what he calls a curious
account in Widmore's History of Westminster Abbey, p. 120, of
K. Hen. VIIth's real motive for building that elegant chapel, which is
what I allude to in the text.
184
KING'S COLLEGE.
Henry VII. was in treaty with Pope Julius II.
pontiff of Rome, for the canonization of Henry VI.
but, it seems, that his holiness was for driving a hard
bargain, and Henry VII. it is well known, was not over-
liberal; so, between both, poor Henry was, unfortu-
nately, never canonized: but, though never actually ca-
nonized, he was worshipped, as a martyr, and saint,
miracles were wrought by him, while living, and prayers
addressed to him after death: of the latter, I shall insert
two in the notes; they are copied from Cole, who, if he
* The following Latin doggrel is extracted by Mr. Cole, from a beau-
tiful copy of the Hore of the Beatissime Virginis Marie ad legitimum
Sarisburiensis ecclesie usum: Paris. 1550.
1
De Beato Rege, Antiphone.
Rex Henricus sis amicus nobis in Angustia,
Cujus prece, nos a nece salvemur perpetua.
Lampas morum, spes egrorum, ferens medicamina,
Sis tuorum famulorum ductor ad coelestia :
Pax in terra, non sit guerra, orbis per confinia;
Virtus crescat, & fervescat charitas per omnia:
Non sudore vel dolore moriamur subito,
Sed vivamus, et plaudamus coelis sine termino.
Ora pro nobis, devote Rex Henrice,
Ut per te cuncti superati sint innimici.
་
Take another word, as quoted by Mr. Cole.
Salve, miles preciose,
Rex Henrice generose,
Palmes vite celice:
In radice caritatis
Vernano flore sanctitatis
Vite angelice.
1
KING'S COLLEGE.
185
did not believe in Henry's miracles and intercession him-
self, was well disposed, I doubt not, from what I have
already hinted, to admire those who did.
Besides, whatever becomes of the saintship of
Henry VI. a kingsman must be allowed to have his own
tone of feelings towards his founder. Gray, though not
a kingsman, was educated at Eton; and we must allow
him also to embalm the memory of his founder.
in his Ode on a distant Prospect of Eton College:
Ye distant spires, ye antique towers,
That crown the wat❜ry glade,
Where grateful Science still adores
Her Henry's holy shade.
Thus
Nor must I fail here to mention a book written by a
priory-priest: it is entitled, "On the Virtues and Mi-
racles of Henry VI." The author is Master Blackman,
bachelor in theology, first rector of King's Hall, and
afterwards, on his resigning that office, a Carthusian
monk of London, a contemporary and intimate of
Henry VI.
The modest monk does not profess to have been eye-
witness of Henry's miracles; but to report after others:
and, to speak honestly, they were not of that astounding
quality, as either St. Radegund's or St. Etheldred's
were they were performed, too, at least most of them,
when Henry was confined in the Tower. As to revela-
tions and visions, who can object to them? They were
as common in this age, and as essential almost to the life
of a saint, as his rosary and mass-book ª.
• Collectarium mansuetudinum et bonorum Regis Henrici. It may
be seen in the second volume of Thomas Otterbourne (p. 297), pub-
Hished by Hearne.
J. Blackman de Virtutibus et Miraculis, Hen. VI.
186
KING'S COLLEGE.
By the death of Henry VI. the building of this col-
lege was interrupted and left for his successors: not in-
deed, to Edward IV. his immediate successor, the head
of the rival family: on the contrary, it is said, that this
prince applied many estates and rents, originally desig-
nated to Henry's College, to the other University: one of
these in Cambridge, to which Pythagoras's school apper-
tains, (now converted into a barn,) belongs to Merton
College, Oxford.
But Henry VII. continued the design of Henry VI, to
him is assigned the honour of having enlarged King's Col-
lege Chapel, and of finishing the outside shell; the com-
pleting of the inside, with its curiously carved stalls, and
painted windows, so universally admired, was left under
the guidance of Bishop Foxe, by Henry VIII.
But Henry VI. must be considered, exclusively, as the
founder. He endowed the college, and gave the statutes;
and when thus employed, he changed the name of rector
to provost.
Besides founding King's College, Henry VI. is repre-
sented as a benefactor to Pembroke and Christ's Colleges,
and to All Soul's, Oxford: and he is said, also, to have
given one hundred and twenty volumes, a considerable
library in those days, to King's Hall library. He, like-
wise, authorized the foundation of the University of Caen
in Normandy, by John, Duke of Bedford, regent of
France, it being erected in Henry VI.'s name, anno 1431º.
With respect to this College, King's was first establish-
ed in 1439, and privileges granted to it by Henry VI. and
a Preface to MS. History of King's College.
b Vide Ducarel's Anglo Norman Antiq. p. 68, where may be seen
Henry VI.'s letter of thanks to Pope Eugenius IV. for his two bulls,
confirming the establishment of the University of Caen.
A
1
KING'S COLLEGE.
187
these all confirmed by two bulls of Pope Eugenius IV.ª
Its charter of foundation was given in 1441.
""
Mr. Cole censures Mr. Daines Barrington " for being
severe on the memory of this virtuous prince.' Barring-
ton says of him, "I shall not attempt to consider Henry
VI. as a legislator: his long minority, and weakness of
understanding, when he arrived at more mature years,
make him incapable of any character whatever in any re-
lation of life"," &c. and of course, Cole calls Barrington
Presbyterian, fanatic, and factionist. But Barrington's
account tallies throughout with Hume's, after which, in-
deed, it seems to have been made.
Having enlarged on the greater benefactors, I shall dis-
pense with speaking on the less, and, more particularly,
because, as already hinted, the subsequent benefactors to
this college have been little more than contributors to the
library; and their names, and services, are more correctly
stated in Carter, than things of this kind commonly are.
But there are two benefactors in our own memory, who
must not be passed over in silence. One, is Dr. Glynn,
who left this college the sum of 9000l. His remains are
deposited in a vault, near the north door of the chapel,
and from a Latin inscription, on a white marble tablet, on
the east wall, we learn, that Robert Glynn Clobert M. D.
was a descendant from an ancient family in Cornwall; that
he was sixty-three years fellow of this college, a cultivator,
patron, and supporter of sound literature, and left a very
liberal sum for promoting the studies of youth, and erect-
ing new buildings; and that he died February 6, 1800,
aged eighty-one.
a Cole's MS. History of King's College.
In his Observations on the Statutes, 1766. Page 253.
188
KING'S COLLEGE.
!
Dr. Glynn was long known in this town and county as
a physician, and distinguished himself by a poem of con-
siderable merit, on the Day of Judgment, which obtained
the Seatonian prize, in 1757, and some have wondered
that he never printed any more poetry. He also appeared
in the Chattertonian controversy, but unfortunately, took
the wrong side of the question. In the British Museum
there are three MS. volumes of Chatterton's writings
that formerly belonged to Dr. Glynn.
The other benefactor was the well known Jacob Bry-
ant, Esq. This learned gentleman bequeathed the socie-
ty, among whom he was formerly a student, a very valua-
ble collection of between two and three thousand books,
which accordingly were deposited in the old library in

1804.
and general litera-
early printed classics,
They consist of antiquities, classics
ture, among which are many of the
from the year 1470, to 1500, and some of the most
splendid and best editions of later date.
He took his
Mr. Bryant was a native of Plymouth.
A. M. at Cambridge, in 1744. One of his first publica-
tions was, his Observations and Inquiries, relating to va-
rious parts of Ancient History, with an Account of
Egypt, in its more early State, and of the Shepherd Kings,
1767. Mr. B. was also the author of a Dissertation con-
cerning the War of Troy, and the Expedition of the
Grecians, as described by Homer, aiming to shew that no
such expedition was undertaken, and that no such
city as Phrygia existed. Mr. B. also appeared in the
controversy about Rowley's Poems, and wrote on the
truth of the Christian Religion. But what eclipses all his
other works is his Analysis of Ancient Mythology; a work
printed originally in three volumes, quarto, in 1744, which

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KING'S COLLEGE.
189
having become scarce and extremely dear, a new edition
of it was lately printed in octavo.
Mr. Bryant obtained great celebrity in his day, and not
without justice: he was unquestionably a man of exten-
sive reading, but his classic literature he applied to sub-
jects where it must necessarily fail, and accordingly, his
Analysis of Ancient Mythology, though full of literature,
is not of equal authority. But part of his theory had
been ably supported before by Abbe le Pluche, and some
part of that seems tenable still.
From benefactors let us pass to distinguished men.
From a foundation so truly royal will proceed, we may
presume, a due proportion of bishops and statesmen:
and the fact answers the presumption. From its first es-
tablishment, to the year 1727, are enumerated twenty-five
bishops and among its statesmen, Hatcliffe, secretary of
state to Edward IV. the learned and accomplished Had-
dona, Wilson, Fletcher, distinguished ministers of Queen
Elizabeth; Sir Robert Walpole, prime minister to Geo. I.
and II. Viscount Townsend, secretary of state to Geo. I.
and Camden, high-chancellor in 1766, with others, among
a Sir Walter Haddon was fellow, L.L.D. King's professor, and vice-
chancellor in 1550. He was a very elegant Latin poet, of whom Queen
Elizabeth said, Buchananum omnibus antepono, Haddonum nemini post
pono. Lloyd's Statesmen and Favourites of England, p. 442. He was,
besides, according to Hatcher, employed in the Reformatio Legum Ec-
clesiasticarum, published by Bishop Foxe. He also put Queen Eliza-
beth's Liturgy into Latin.
b He translated into English Cheke's Latin Translation of some of
Demosthenes's Orations, and a Discourse on Usury.
c Father of Phineas and Giles, the poets.
He wrote the Russian
Common Wealth; and also, according to Anthony Wood, Israel Redux,
shewing, that the present settlers near the Caspian Sea, are the posterity
of the ten tribes.
190
KING'S COLLEGE.
whom should be distinctly mentioned, Queen Eliza-
beth's principal secretary of state, Sir Francis Walsing-
ham, who bequeathed his library to King's, and who is
known as an author. He wrote Arcana Aulica, with one
or two other pieces, and died in 1590.
This college, if I may venture to give an opinion,
seems to have had its due proportion, I had like to
have said, more than its proportion of distinguished
men: though I have often heard it lamented, by men of
great abilities, that King's is not left more open, and
brought under the ordinary discipline of the University.
They say its privileges are its disadvantages: that an as-
semblage of young men coming from the same school, is
apt to generate idleness, and to end in mediocrity: that
fellowships obtained from the mere exercise of school-
boys, will render unnecessary the stimulus of the college
student, and the man; and an exemption from the public
examinations of the University lead men to rest satisfied
with the superficial attainment of their public school.
But I must leave other persons to determine these mat-
ters, and must repeat, that it has produced, at least, its
due proportion of learned men; and of whom I shall
particularize only a few.
Nicholas Close, Cloos, or Closse. He was a native of
Drybeach, in Westmorland, archdeacon of Colchester
in 1450. He was chancellor of the University, and
Bishop of Carlisle; and in 1452, translated to Litchfield
and Coventry. He died in October following.
Besides the other literary qualities ascribed to Bishop
Close, by Bishop Godwin, must be mentioned his skill in
architecture and I particularly notice him as having
been mentioned by some as overseer and manager of all
Henry's intended works for this college.
KING'S COLLEGE.
191
\
This honour has been denied him by a modern writer";
but it is certainly claimed for him in the old histories of
the college, and several circumstances seem to favour the
belief. Previously to his relation to the college he had
been presented, by the prior and convent of Barnewell, to
the vicarage of St. John's, in Milne Street, Cambridge
that so nearly trenched on the grounds of St. Nicholas.
In 1443 he was made fellow of his new college by the
founder: his rapid advancement, too, to be provost,
bishop, and chancellor, rather favours the opinion: for, as
already shewn, the planning and directing of collegiate
and ecclesiastical buildings, was the favourite and most
honourable employment of the higher clergy: so that,
though certainly he could have no share in the amended
płan adopted by Henry VII. if my MS. speaks correctly,
Bishop Close must be considered the surveyor and mana-
ger of these works, till his death, under Henry VI.
Thomas Scot, or Rotheram, was born August 24,
1423. He was son of Sir Thomas Rotheram, of Roth-
eram, in Yorkshire. According to the historiette of this
college he was admitted fellow here, a singular circum-
stance, without going to Eton; and Wood, in his Athenæ
Oxonienses, says he had been of Oxford. According to
the archives of Pembroke Hall, in Bishop Wren's MS.
a Mr. Dallaway.
b Cole's MSS. vol. xiii. p. 8, and vol. xxv. p. 38.
• Mr. Cole has the following note in this part of the MS. History:
“Mr. Hearne, in the preface to the History of Glastonbury, p. 65, says,
that Mr. Baker informs him, from the books of this college, that the
father of our bishop was the architect of this chapel, as far as King
Henry VI.'s share reacheth; and the contriver and designer of the
whole, afterwards finished by Kings Henry VII. and VIII.” How is it,
that Mr. Cole, who was of this college, did not authenticate this intima-
tion of Baker's?
192
KING'S COLLEGE.
he was afterwards fellow, and at length, master of Pem-
broke Hall.
Rotheram was one of the most distinguished prelates
of his age, chaplain to Edward IV. in 1458, keeper of
his privy seal, and being D.D. was made Bishop of
Rochester. He was chancellor of the University, from
1469 to 1479, and was so respected, as to be chosen, in
1483, again. In 1474, he was made chancellor of Eng-
land; in 1475 he was translated to Lincoln, and in 1480,
advanced to be Archbishop of York. He was one of
the greatest diplomatists of Edward IV. b
Thus liberally endowed, Rotheram could afford to be
liberal to others: and though endowing no college, he
was a benefactor to the University, by building the east
side of the public schools and the library, and furnishing
the library with books. This latter honour is claimed for
him in the Historiette MS. and by Dr. Caius, which I
particularly notice, as being unnoticed by our common
histories. He also built a college at Rotheram, his native
• De Custod. et Soc. Pembrochianes, in Bishop Wren's MS.
Godwin de Præsulibus Angl. p. 698.
e Caius is very minute here: Quartam et orientalem partem, quæ
ultimo constructa est, & magnifica operosaq. porta (jam nuper hoc anno
reparata & rursus depicta) omnibus literarum studiosis patet, req. pater
Thomas Rotheram, olim regii Collegii regalis socius, &c. suis sumptibus
fabricavit: Hist. Cantab. Acad. lib. ii. p. 81. Some of the books, Cole
says, (MSS. vol. xviii.) remained to his time. He instances in three large
volumes, folio, of Speculum Historiale, printed in 1473. But I suspect
they did not belong to the old library. Caius says, (Ib. p. 82.) speak-
ing of the old library: Quorum magna pars superest, (A. 1574,) magna
periit suffurantium vitio; and among the Veteres Libri qui in Cantabri-
giensi Bibliotheca jam supersunt, of which he gives a catalogue, this
book, too remarkable, and voluminous to have been overlooked, does not
occur.
KING'S COLLEGE.
193
+1
place; and had also a share in the honour of founding
Lincoln College, Oxford. Rotheram was deemed a
learned man, but I have not heard of any thing written
by him.
Croke has been mentioned before; he is noticed again
for the sake of giving a list of some books written by him,
which was omitted before, viz. Ricardi Croci Britanni
Introductiones in Rudimenta Græca, expensis Siberch,
who styles himself the first printer in Greek and Latin in
England: Orationes Ricardi Croci duæ, in Greek. He
translated, also, out of Greek into Latin, Theodore
Gaza's fourth book, de Constructione, &c. in 1516, 4to.
In Germany he published what he calls, Tabulæ Linguæ
Græcæ. He also translated into Latin, Chrysostom in
Vetus Testamentum. In Sir Thomas More's Life, by
Mr. More, (p. 70,) he is called, by mistake, John
Croke. In the same line of study with Croke was, also,
Sir John Cheke, fellow; but an account of him, and of
his writings, has been given before; as likewise of another
eminent Greek scholar, Ralph Winterton, M. D. who
was fellow of this college.
There is a very curious letter of Croke's, when at Venice,
addressed to Henry VIII. in Burnet's History of the Re-
formation, vol. i. p. 88.
Dr. James Cartchill, archdeacon of Colchester, said to
have been an elegant Latin poet, and preacher, according
a It is comically enough expressed in his will: Sic quod incorporavi et
incorporo in Collegio meo unum Præpositum, tres socios, et sex pueros,
ut ubi offendi Deum in decem præceptis suis, isti decem orarent pro me.
Ex ult. testamento inter Arch. Coll. Sid. Cantab, as quoted in Dr. Richard-
son's notes to Godwin, ut supra.
b Chalmer's Hist. of Oxford, vol. i. p. 144.
VOL. II.
0
**
194
KING'S COLLEGE.
:
to Smyth. In King's catalogue his name occurs as
Nicholas Carvell, 1545. One or other must be wrong.
I have not seen his poems: but Smyth must be wrong in
supposing him to have been nominated to the bishopric of
Worcester.
Richard Mulcaster, fellow, was first master of Merch-
ant Taylor's School, (in 1561,) of St. Paul's 1586; author
of a Treatise on the Education of Children; and a Latin
catechism, in verse, for the use of his school.
John Rightwise, head master of St. Paul's school, a
poet and grammarian. He made improvements in Lily's
Grammar. John Bryan was reckoned one of the most
learned men of his time. Hall, the Historiographer,
also wrote many things b.
Dr. Aldridge, Bishop of Carlisle, much admired for his
talents by Erasmus, when a young man. He was author
of Resolutions concerning the Sacraments, and Answers
to certain Queries concerning Abuses of the Mass. Eras-
mus called him blanda eloquentiæ juvenem. He was also
witty, and wrote Epigrammata Varia. He died 1555.
Dr. Fox, Bishop of Hereford, 1535, was also a great
diplomatic character, having been much employed on fo-
reign embassies. He was created provost of King's,
1528, and so continued till his death, a learned man, and,
though secretly, a favourer of the Reformation.
He
a It is very scarce, but curious. There is a copy of it bound up in
Roger Ascham's Schoolmaster, in the public library of Cambridge.
b Vide Balæum, p. 718.
• Godwin de Præsul. Ang. p. 494. After all he was a great politician.
In England's Statesmen and Favourites it is said of him, "Fox was his
name, and cunning his nature. He said, his father's money helped him to
his parsonage, meaning his small preferments, and his mother's wit to his
bishopric, meaning his greater." Page 55.
KING'S COLLEGE.
195
་
wrote a curious, but scarce book, De vera Differentia
Regiæ Potestatis, and Annotations on the Latin poet,
Mantuan.
William Buckley, a mathematician, was author of Arith-
metica Memorativa, and some other pieces.
Osmund Lake was author of several theological works.
He died 1532.
Guest, Bishop of Sarum, a writer against the Papists
and Puritans, and who assisted in drawing up Queen
Elizabeth's Liturgy: and with him may be connected Dr.
Ward, who also assisted in translating the Bible.
Alley, Bishop of Exeter, who published an Hebrew
Grammar, revised the Penteteuch in Queen Elizabeth's
Bible, and was author of a commentary on St. Peter.
Dr. Giles Fletcher, one of Queen Elizabeth's ministers,
wrote a Treatise, according to Smyth, de Literatis Anti-
quæ Britanniæ, præsertim qui doctrina claruerunt, quique
collegia Cantabrigiæ fundarunt.
Phineas Fletcher, Esq. was author of a poem of some
celebrity, The Purple Island, or the Isle of Man, and of
other poems. He was fellow of this college a.
Abraham Hartewell, fellow, distinguished as a poet, he
at least wrote a poem, entitled, Literata Regina, seu Nar-
ratio de Reginæ adventu in Acad. Cantab. a Report of
the Kingdom of Congo, in Africa, &c.
Dr. Collins, provost of King's, and regius professor of
divinity, was author of a Defence of Bishop Andrews's
Answer to Bellarmine's Apology. He, also, according to
Smyth, wrote against another Jesuit.
a Phineas had also a brother who was a poet, author of Christ's Vic-
tery and Triumph, in four books, which, together with the Purple Island,
were republished in one volume, in 1783. Phineas and Giles were
cousins of the dramatic poet, John Fletcher, and sons of Dr. Giles.
་
0 2
196
KING'S COLLEGE.
鲷
​a
William L'Isle, fellow, was editor of a useful work, as
an Introduction to the Saxon Language, Abbot Ælfric's
Saxon Treatise on the Old and New Testament, with
the Lord's Prayer, Creed, Ten Commandments, &c. in
Saxon and English. He died in 1637.
Thomas Thomas, A.M. formerly fellow of King's, was
a printer, and confirmed printer to the University, May 3,
1583. He was a writer, also, and I suppose a Puritan in
his principles, as Martin Mar-prelate calls him the Puri-
tan Cambridge printer. He died in 1588, and was buried
in Great St. Mary's Church, Aug. 9, of the same year.
Nor must I forget to mention the author of the Histo-
riette of this college, up to 1562, Mr. Thomas Hatcher.
He was fellow, and a distinguished antiquary, son of Dr.
Hatcher, professor of physic, who was also of this col-
lege. He published Orations, Poems, and Letters, by Sir
Thomas Haddon.
Many derangements were not occasioned here by the ejec-
tions, either under the Parliament, or at the Restoration.
Besides Dr. Collins, there were but five royalists removed.
He, being provost, was put out in 1645. He was regius
professor of divinity, and a man of eminent learning. It
was pleasantly enough said by him, after he had been de-
prived of his preferments, " They may take, if they
please, my preferments, but they will never oblige me to
take their covenant." I have already mentioned his pub-
lications. Dr. Whichcote, also, put in by the Parliament,
never took the covenant. He was a no less distinguished
scholar and preacher, and of the Arminian persuasion :
a In the Bodleian Library (MSS. Mareschalli. 72,) there is a copy of
the original, with corrections by Junius the younger. See Mr. Baber's
Historical Account of the Sax. and Eng. Versions, prefixed to his edition
of Wickliffe's New Testament, lately published.
·
;
KING'S COLLEGE.
197
his principal work has been already mentioned, as repub-
lished by Dr. Salter. He died greatly lamented, as he had
lived greatly respected; and his funeral sermon was
preached by Dr. Tillotson.
This college seems to me, notwithstanding a hint dropt
before, to have overflowed with distinguished men: so I
must pick and choose, as I indeed have hitherto donę, must
speak quite in a summary way, and without regard to chro-
nological order.
Sir William Temple wrote several pieces in Latin,
among others, Nonnullarum e Physicis et Ethicis Ques-
tionum Explicatio pro Petro Ramo; and Epistola de
Rami Dialectica. Sir Thomas Ridley, L.D. a great ci-
vilian, who published a View of the Ecclesiastical Laws.
He died 1629. Edmund Waller, our elegant English
poet, who has so celebrated, though slighted by, his Sa-
charissa; but,
"He catch'd at love and fill'd his arms with bays."
It appears that Waller engaged in public life, when quite
a youth, (I suppose he never took a degree,) and that he
died in 1688, aged eighty-three.
Mr. Smyth mentions, also, Roger Palmers, Earl of
Castlemayne, who became a Catholic, and was sent am-
bassador to Rome by James II. He wrote several trea-
tises in defence of the Catholic religion.
To these I must add Dr. Hyde, the Orientalist. I have
allowed before, that he was of Oxford, as indeed he was,
and Arabic professor there, nor do I think he ever gradu-
a See his Life, prefixed to the edition of his Works, published in
1712.
+
1:
198
KING'S COLLEGE.
}
ated at Cambridge. But Smyth claims him for King's.
He was author of a famous work on the Religion of the
ancient Persians, in Latin, besides several translations of
Oriental writers, with learned notes. He also left various
MSS. behind him. He died in 1702.
There have been two other Collinses of this house, be-
sides the Dr. Collins already mentioned: of these, the
most celebrated was Anthony Collins, Esq. the author of
a Discourse on the Grounds and Reasons of the Christian
Religion; to which is prefixed an Apology for Free De-
bate and Liberty of Writing. He also wrote several
other works, in the same free spirit: he was, therefore,
generally called the Free-thinker: (perhaps to distinguish
him.) He was the confidential friend of Locke, and oc-
casioned much controversy. It is probable he took this
turn of free-thinking, very early in life: for I do not find,
that he ever graduated. He was a man much respected,
and died in 1729.
Nor must I pass over Dr. Oughtred, the mathematician,
nor Dr. Hare, fellow, Bishop of St. Asaph in 1727ª, of
Chichester, 1731--he was an eminent critic, and published
the Psalms of David, and a Prolegomena, with a peculiar hy-
pothesis as to the metre; he died in 1740-nor Dr. King,
the editor of Euripides; nor Dr. Morell, who re-edited his
edition, and published Æschylus's Prometheus Vinctus,
and a Greek Thesaurus, with some other works. Of Mr.
Cole, our Cambridge antiquary, and his MSS. an ample ac-
a Dr. Richardson, in Godwin. de Præsul. Ang. who justly describes
him, as " Vir ingenio acri et acuto et eruditione multifaria satis clarus,"
p. 518. Bishop Hare's hypothesis was defended by Dr. Edwards, and
followed by Dr. Zachary Grey, in his edition of the Proverbs; but it has
been completely overturned by Bishop Lowth, in his Metrica Harianæ
Brevis Confutatio,
KING'S COLLEGE.
199
count has already been given. So I shall only add, that
he was first of Queen's, and afterwards became fellow-
commoner of this college, whence he took his A. M. de-
gree in 1740.
In more modern times, Dr. Cooke, late provost, was an
excellent classical scholar, and his epitaph on his son-
in-law, Bishop Hallifax, has been admired: but I am
not aware that he published any thing. His son, Mr.
William Cooke, Greek professor, in 1780, edited Aris-
totle's Poetics, with ability, and his translation of Gray's
Elegy into Greek has obtained just commendation.
The CHAPEL next claims our attention.
This I shall not attempt to describe in proportion to my
own conceptions, or the reader's expectations. I have al-
ready made a few occasional remarks on it, and a circum-
stantial account may be seen in various writers. No-
thing, therefore, remains to be said, in regard to its history,
or in a way of description, which has not been said al-
ready. There are also many professed critiques on this
structure. Own, too, I must, that I feel I should sink
under the magnitude of the subject. So I intend to be
neither minute in my description, nor very critical in my
remarks. That in which I am sure I should fail, I think
it prudent not to attempt. So the reader must be con-
tented with a few observations.
It is impossible for any one to approach this building
without reverence. The architectural skill of the 15th
• I need say nothing here of the Cantabrigia Illustrata, by Loggan,
often referred to, nor the fine exhibition of the painting of the east
window of the chapel, made by Mr. Baldrey, that may be seen at Cam-
bridge, and that a series of explanatory prints of all the windows was
designed to be engraved under his direction. A very exact and minute
description of the whole chapel may be seen in the last edition of the
Cambridge Guide, printed by Deighton, 1811, and in the Beauties of
England and Wales, by Britton and Brayley, vol. ii.
200
KING'S COLLEGE.
and 16th centuries is here displayed in its utmost perfec-
tion. It appears, from the will of its founder, Henry VI.
that it is not built exactly according to his original plan;
but the work was continued, though too parsimoniously,
by Edward IV. and Richard III.: the chapel, its roof, ex-
terior decorations, turrets, and pinnacles, together with its
interior oratories, and the glazing of the windows, were
completed by Henry VI. but the finishing hand was given
to it by Henry VIII. As it now appears, it would not be
sufficient to say, that as an architectural work, it is the
pride of Cambridge, and surpasses in magnificence any edi-
fice at Oxford; it is allowed to be superior to every Gothic
building in Europe. Without, the prodigious stones of
which it consists, the vast buttresses by which it is sup-
ported, the loftiness and extent of the building, the fine
proportions of the towers and pinnacles; and within, the
grand extended view, the admirable arched roof, without
the support of any pillars, displaying all the richness of
its fine fanwork, and the matchless paintings on its win-
dows, all combine to impress the beholder with emotions,
which can be better felt than expressed.
I have been often struck with one idea, which is, that
this chapel is not incumbered with busts, statues, and in-
scriptions. These appear to disturb the effect, which the
extended perspective of Gothic buildings is calculated
to convey, and are more obvious, indeed, where the aisles
are narrow, and the whole decorated with all the fancy-
work of Gothic architecture. The vast open space, in a
building like St. Paul's, might seem to require something
to occupy it, and to admit of such varieties: though it
seems, after all, that the highest taste for a building
dedicated to religion, is, that it should be entirely de-
voted to the SUPREME BEING, Busts, statues, and in-
KING'S COLLEGE.
201
ན
scriptions of frail mortals seem improper combinations in
such a structure. They do not associate well here. They
appertain rather to senate-houses, amphitheatres, and
mausoleums. None of these are admitted into King's
chapel; or, at least, they are sufficiently out of sight, being
only in the oratories.
Still, it must be confessed, some littlenesses and human
weaknesses are too obvious: I mean those minute devices
of the arms of the York and Lancastrian Houses, with
roses, portcullises, fleurs de lis, and crowns. These little
patches on greatness, these vain mementos of magnifi-
cence, which would not be forgotten, these heterogeneous
intermixtures, and obtrusive impertinencies of royal he-
raldic trifling with divine combinations, religiously consi-
dered, are quite out of place; and architecturally, are the
very opposite to sublimity and grandeurª.
Sed non ut placidis coeant immitia, non ut
Serpentes avibus geminentur, tigribus agni.
Horat, de Art. Poet.
But retiring, as I profess to do, from an ample narra-
tive, or circumstantial critique of this incomparable edi-
fice, I shall leave the reader in possession of a few re-
marks by another writer; and as I deem them curious, I
shall make no apology for introducing them at full length.
"The great cause of our admiration, upon the first en-
trance into this chapel, is the unity of design; from which,
it appears to be smaller than in reality, or than on fre-
quent examination it would do; a circumstance invariably
happening to those who visit the church of St. Peter at
a Yet, these are less offensive than the disgusting representations
which are sometimes placed on fine Gothic buildings.
202
KING'S COLLEGE.
Rome. The grand whole instantly fills the eye, without
any abatement or interruption. When we find leisure for
the detail, we may admire the infinite parts which com-
pose the roof, and the exquisite finishing of the arms and
cognizances of the house of Lancaster; and regret, that,
being so large, they should be stuck against the finely-
wrought pilasters, like monumental tablets in a parish-
church. The stained glass heightens the effect of the
stone-work, and gives it a tint, which can never be pro-
duced by any wash of lime, with whatever substance it
may be combined, when the light passes through diminu-
tive squares of raw white glass. As so much is added to
architectural excellence, how great soever it may be, by a
sober and uniform tone of colour, somewhat, if the ex-
pression be allowable, between glare and sombre, the
modern improvers of our cathedrals have shewn judgment
in abandoning the plain white or yellow, which pervade
the cathedrals of Ely and Wells. King Henry VI. as it
is evident from the injunction he makes, in the instance of
both his colleges, against superfluous masonry a, never in-
tended a roof so splendidly elaborate as that designed and
perfected under the auspices of his successors. His ob-
jection was not to the difficulty or impracticability of the
work, for several of great extent had been erected prior to
and during his reign, but to the enormous expense it
would require.
"Considering, therefore, the roof of King's College cha-
pel as the utmost effort of constructive skill, and the pa-
ragon of architectural beauty, it may not be irrelevant to
offer a short view of the works of that nature, of suf-
a Henry VI.'s will.-The foundation-stone of the chapel was laid by
the king in person, on the second of April, 1441.
1
KING'S COLLEGE.
203
ficient celebrity, which had been previously finished in
England.
"The more ancient roofs in those cathedrals where the
Norman style prevails, were composed of wood in rafters
only; but in the progress of architecture, those were
concealed by pannels, and painted in a kind of mosaic of
several colours. The surface was even made flat by
these means, as in the transept of Peterborough. The
naves both of that cathedral and of Ely, afford instances
of the ancient timber roof.
"Of the vaulting with stone we have many examples of
a date as early as the reign of Henry III. It was formed
by groined arches, springing from corbels in the side-
walls between the windows; and when first invented was
composed of plain ribs of stone, called cross-springers,
with a key-stone in the centre of them, and the interstices
were filled up with some lighter materials. There was
always a space of several feet intervening between the
vaulting and the roof. As the principle of their con-
struction became better known and practised about the
reign of Edward III. by the more frequent and compli-
cated intersection of the cross-springers, more ornament
was introduced, and delicately carved orbs and rosettes
were added, where unnecessary as to any architectural
purpose. The arch of the vault was pointed, and that
highly embellished part of it did not at first extend many
feet on either side the common centre.
"This circumstance is remarkable in the choir at Lin-
coln, Our Lady's chapel at Ely, and many others erect-
ed in the early part of the fourteenth century. In the
choir at Gloucester this elaborate work is spread over the
whole with equal profusion. To reach a higher degree
of excellence, probably because a greater difficulty, the
-
204
KING'S COLLEGE.
+
I
1
architects of the latter æra invented an arch, flattened in
the centre, and with the groins hemispherically wrought.
That particular species of architecture and carving called
fan-work," which, from its extreme cost and delicacy,
had been hitherto confined to cloisters, small chapels, and
tombs, was now applied to whole roofs, and with an
equal defiance of expense and labour, made to supersede
all the excellence of construction and finishing that had
been previously attainable. It is a fair conjecture, that
this new method was either known to few of the master-
masons, or was too expensive for frequent adoption upon
a large scale. Certain it is, that the vaults of Windsor,
the choir of Winton, Henry VII.'s and King's College
chapels, were commenced and completed within twenty
years, and that no farther attempts were subsequently
made a
66
b...
The tradition, that Sir Christopher Wren declared,
"that the construction of King's College chapel was be-
a Vaulted roofs constructed in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth
centuries.
A. D.
Fect.
2
Choir of Lincoln Cathedral
1306.
200-40
Our Lady's Chapel at Ely
1349,
100-46
Cho
of Gloucester Cathedral
1360.
140-34
Ditto of York
1373.
135-45
Divinity School, Oxford
1480.
Chapel St. George, Windsor
1508.
260-65
Ditto Henry VII. Westminster 1508.
A
Ditto King's College, Cambridge 1516.
291-451/1
Choir at Winton Cathedral
1525.
138-86
80
Chapel of Christ Ch. Oxford 1535.
b Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i. p. 185. David Loggan
impaired his sight by taking the view of this chapel in the Cantab. Il-
lust. Id. p. 151.
.
1

Drawn & Eng by J.Greg
Interior of King's College Chapel.
Published for the Proprietors by Longman & C Paternoster Row, Jan 18
Vor M

Drawn &Eng by J.Greg.
New Building, King's College
Published for the Proprietors, by Longman & Paternoster Now. Jana1814
KING'S COLLEGE.
205
yond his comprehension, but that if any person would
describe to him where the first stone should be placed, he
would then be enabled to effect it," is not altogether de-
serving of implicit credit. Lord Orford took it from the
notes of G. Vertue, who might have been told it among
other wonders, by the verger who shewed the chapel.
The point of difficulty will be solved, in a great mea-
sure, if, instead of contemplating the roof, as a whole
or entire work, we consider the space only which is con-
tained within four buttresses as independent and complete
in itself, and the connexion between each several com-
partment concealed, for the purpose of producing a very
surprising architectural effect of elongation. One proof
that the vault consists of many such parts, is, the agree-
ment with master-masons for each "severey" or partition
to be engaged for as a distinct undertaking, and to be
paid for in that proportion. Each "severey" is bounded by
two strong arches. Allowing this to be the case, the
length ceases to be wonderful, excepting on account of
the labour and expense.
a
"The hemispherical carved courses of the groins, as I
am assured by a very able master-mason, might have
been worked on the ground, and with the key-stones,
though of a ton weight each, raised to that height by
means of an ancient instrument, now called "a Lewis,"
of the powers of which a curious account appears in the

a Walpole. V. Append. An indenture dated 1513, by which J. Was-
tell and Henry Severick engage to finish the vaulting in three years, to
be paid 12007-100%. for each "severey" upon its completion, and so
from tyme to tyme, untill all the said twelve severeys be fully and per-
fytly made and perfourmed.”
206
KING'S COLLEGE.
•
tenth volume of the Archæologia, p. 223. My infor-
mant has frequently elevated stones of nearly twice the
weight by the same means in the magnificent restorations
now making at Arundel Castle. The idea, that the
carving was excavated from a solid arch, as the easier
mode, is not worthy attention, nor would it have been
very practicable,
Where ancient art her dædal fancies play'd
In the quaint mazes of the crisped roof."
T. Warton.
Dallaway's Observations on English Architecture, sect. S.
And this must suffice for the chapel.
}
You pass through one of the chapelries, or oratories,
into the library, which is ancient, as appertaining to the
chapel, but neither very commodious, nor very elegant ;
it contains, however, a valuable collection of printed
books: that of its MSS. I understand is but small"; nor
have I perused any, except the two which are at the en-
• Mr. Gibson's Memoir on a machine called "a Lewis." Upon ex-
amining several of the key-stones of the roof of the choir of Whitby
Abbey, in Yorkshire, he found holes cut for the reception of a similar
instrument to this, pretended to have been invented by a French engi-
neer, who named it after Louis XIV. but he had merely the merit of
improving it. The ancient machine was capable of elevating stones
from two to four tons weight.
↳ The Ecloga Oxonio-Cantabrigiensis, by Dr. James, in regard to the
Cambridge, is incomplete and incorrect, and was at the time it was
taken; and of course the Catalogus MSS. Angl. Hib. is so, that fol-
lows it. This will appear from what has been said of Jesus College
library. These Catalogues record only ten tracts in Jesus library, and
only sixteen here: so I have never followed these catalogues. Some of
the lists, however, are better made out than others: they are sometimes
a good clue, but would be a bad guide.
1
KING'S COLLEGE.
207
trance of the library. One of these is a prodigious
Latin Psalter. It was brought from the library of Oso-
rius, bishop of Cadiz, in Spain, and being accompanied
with the musical chants, illustrates the style of our old
church music. The other is a large Index, or catalogue
of all the words in the Bible, in the form of a concord-
ance; nor do I remember having seen any thing of the
kind so completeª.
What is called the new building, is a well-proportioned
grand structure, and not too much decorated, of the
Doric order, and built of Portland stone: the façade is
long, and eastern and western displays a correspondence
with each other both in its proportions and ornaments.
To the portico and pediments some objections might be
made: however, it is allowed to be an admirable build-
ing, and very commodious in its internal arrangement. It
is in the style of Sir Christopher Wren, and was de-
signed by Mr. Gibbs.
The master's lodge presents nothing in its external ap-
pearance, which requires a particular description. It,
however, contains a few pictures, two of which are
admired: one is a portrait of Jane Shore, on boards;
the other a dead Christ, just taken down from the
cross, with a Virgin Mary, St. John, and other figures.
This, too, is on boards, ascribed by some to Daniel Ric-
canelli de Volterra; by others, to his scholar, Giacamo de
Puntormo. Here, also, are contained the fine designs for
the building of the southern side, which is hereafter
a I take this to be the MS. which appears in Dr. James's Eccloga
Oxonio-Cantabrigiensis, with this title, Nominum, Verborum, et Al-
legoriarum Explicationes Aliquot tum ex veteri, tum ex novo Testa-
mento collectæ. Pr. Cœlum Angeli, Terra.
+
+
208
KING'S COLLEGE.
}
•
.
to be constructed, and towards the forwarding of which,
the college are already possessed of funds.
In the above account of King's College, and Chapel,
I have made acknowledgments to Mr. Cole, in exact
proportion to my obligations. Fearful, indeed, I was of
diving too far into Mr. Cole's papers on King's, com-
posed, as they are, of five different historiettes. I should
have been overwhelmed in the abundance of matter. It
is always prudent to limit one's self, where there is dan-
ger in going too far. I have, therefore, chosen to find
resources in my own reflections, and in other authorities re-
ferred to in the proper places; and it is often necessary
to lose much to preserve a little.
With respect to the last few observations made on the
chapel, I owe not the slightest obligation to Mr. Cole:
but that I may follow my own hint dropt in the former
volume of this work, p. 16, and do all proper justice to
Mr. Cole, I shall here quote my own words in M. M.
used at a time, when I was more immediately employed,
several years ago, in perusing his papers relating to this
chapel. They contain, too, something extracted from
that gentleman, which may amuse the curious reader.
Mr. Cole, when treating of King's College and Chapel,
avows his chief design to be the preservation of the monu-
ments within that most beautiful structure; " which, how-
ever," he adds, "considering the largeness of it, and the
number of years it has been erected, contains but an incon-
siderable number, and those of no extraordinary account."
Mr. Cole pursues his design with a most superstitious
minuteness, and his account of this chapel is more cir-
cumstantial than is to be obtained any where else. He
* I am not speaking of architectural taste.
!
KING'S COLLEGE.
209
observes, that it appears, from some old verses at the
beginning of several MS. historiettes, in King's Col-
lege, that the founder himself, Henry VI. was present at
the foundation, and that he laid the first stone. He
proceeds to quote, from Fuller's Church History, those
verses; but some time afterward he writes a remark to
this effect on the opposite page: "The verses alluded
to, on laying the first stone of the chapel, are not the
originals of this I was informed by Mr. Smith, sen.
fellow of the college, who communicated the following,
as he extracted them from some original papers in the
college."―They are inserted here, for the sake of the
English translation, which is a singular one.
Luce tua qua natus eras, Nicholae, sacer Rex-
Henricus Sextus hoc stabilivit opus;
Unctum qui lapidem postquam ponebat in Eton,
Hunc fixit, clerum commemorando suum.
M. Domini C. quater quadraginta monos habet annus,
Passio cum Domini concelebrata fuit.
Annus erat decimus nonus, mensis sed Aprilis,
Hic flectente genu Rege secunda dies.
Confessor Nicholae Dei, cum Virgine sumpta,
Cœlis da Regi gaudia summa Dei.
Translation of the above.
Saint Nicholas, in whos day was born Henry the Sext, our sovren Lord
the King,
After that, his Excellence at Eton had leyd the anointed stone,
Here stablish'd this work, hys clergy tenderly remembring,
The yere of our Lord a thousand four hundred and forty-one;
VOL. II,
P
"
210
KING'S COLLEGE.
The secunde daye of Aprill that tyme Sunday in the passion,
The xix yere of his reigne, here kneling on his knee,
To the honor of St. Nicolas, first founded this edificatōn,
With whom in heven to be laureat graunt might the Holy Trinitye.

Drawn & Engry Grag
Part of King's College
Published for the Proprietors by Longman & Paternoster Row Jan 1, 18
Dor M

Drawn &Eng by JGreig
Enhance to Christ's College
Published for the Proprietors. by Longman & C.Paternoster Row, Jan 1814-
[ 21 ]

CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
}
HERE we have another instance of the transformation
of one institution into another, or rather of the translation
of a scholastic building from one description of occupants
to another. Exchange, we say is no robbery; and here
was no sequestration or confiscation, but rather an act of
open agreement and mutual accommodation.
For this house has been collegiated if a proper word is
used-twice; having been made a college once, in the
more modest language of those times, for grammarians;
and again, for philosophy, and the liberal arts: under
the former character, as God's house; a name frequently
given to collegiate and religious institutions ;—under the
latter, as Christ's College
It seems when Henry VI. formed the design of found-
ing King's College, there was an hostel, called God's
House, near Clare Hall, which it was expedient for him
to take into his plan: the foundation of this hostel in our
written histories, is ascribed to William Bingham, in
1442.
But, according to a MS. in Baker's Collections, the
case was this; June 18, 26 Hen. VI. viz. 1448, there

"

P. 2
212
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
passed a grant to God's House of the Priory Alien of
Chepstow, in Monmouthshire, a licence having been
granted Apr. 16 before to him, to found the same, though
the licence was recalled, that King Henry might found it
himself. William Bingham is called Parson of the
Church of St. John Zachary, in London, and procurator.
He is called, too, Master of God's House: but had he been
properly the founder, he would probably not have been
master; or if master, probably not the founder; unless as a
sort of coadjutor and adviser, as Bishop Fisher was to
Lady Margaret, in founding St. John's, and Dr. Chad-
derton to Sir Walter Mildmay, in founding Emma-
nuel.
:
Far be it from me to despoil a good cleric of the ho-
nour of founding a religious or collegiate house, any more
than I am of taking the honour of founding a similar in-
stitution from Maister John Frost, an honest citizen of
Cambridge but if we admit the above statement, it.
should seem that Henry VI. wished to be considered as
the founder of God's House.
Be this, however, as it may, the society was removed
to the site now occupied by Christ's College, to a house
belonging to the monks, who came from Tilsey and Den-
ney, to study there; and Henry founded a society in that
place, under the name of God's House, for one master,
whom he called procurator, and four scholars, or fel-
lows; to whom, by his public letters, he gave a power
of making statutes, and of increasing their scholars to
60. After the overthrow of Henry, and Edward the
IVth's succession to the government, all Henry's inten-
tions were, of course, over-ruled, and every thing thrown
into confusion. After the death of Rich. III. Henry VII.
succeeded him—and he intrusted every thing` relating to

UrM
Dean & Eng by Jareg.
Part of Christ's College.
Published for the Proprietar. by Longman & Paternoster Bow, Jan1.1814
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
213
this house to his mother, the Countess of Derby and
Richmond, authorizing her, by his public charter, to
proceed after her own discretion: she accordingly it was,
who designated it not only to grammarians, but to philo-
sophers and theologians; and changed its name from
God's House to Christ's College.
The foundation has been placed in 1505, but, accord-
ing to Mr. Baker, the statutes were not given, nor the
foundation perfected, till the year following. The origi-
nal obligation of John Sucling, the last master of God's
House, and first master of Christ's, is still extant, under
his hand and seal, for the observing of the foundress's
statutes, by not procuring, or causing to be procured, or
not using, or causing to be used, any dispensations from
the apostolic see, &c. bearing date Sept. 5, An. 22,
Hen. VII. "from which day," adds Baker, "and not
sooner, the government and statutes of this college be-
gan
1
Christ's College then was neither a dilapidated nor
dissolved monastery; it was an endowment out of the
Lady Margaret's own property, she having settled on it
several manors, together with other lands and rents in
Cambridgeshire, sufficient to maintain a master, 12 fel-
lows, and 47 scholars; that is, the same number as was
designed by Henry VI. for GOD'S HOUSE; Bishop
Fisher, who was her confessor, and chancellor in 1504 ь,
being her principal adviser in life, and her principal exe-
cutor in death.
A distinct account has been already given of Hen-
* See more on this subject in Baker's MS. Account of St. John's Hos-
pital, p. 54.
↳ Archbishop Parker's Catalogus Cancellariorum, &c. p. 46.
214
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
ry VI. in the chapter relating to King's College; and of
Lady Margaret there will be an account in the chapter
on St. John's: so we immediately pass to our distin-
guished men.
The first writers of this college, whom I shall mention,
were Catholics; for some eminent men of that commu-
nity were of Christ's: of this number was, Dr. Richard
Hall, the gentleman particularly pointed out by Mr.
Baker, as the writer of the life of his favourite, bishop
Fisher.
Wood
Mr. Hall´was canon of St. Omer's, in France.
makes him fellow of this college; he also
places Fisher as a student here; and most assuredly he
was a great benefactor. Mr. James Anderton also, of
this college, was an eminent writer of the Catholic
party. John Major is by some placed the first in the list
of the learned men of Christ's; and Dr. Fuller refers to
him as authority for something relating to Cambridge;
but it may be doubted, perhaps, whether he was a stu¬
dent. He resided, it is true, for a time at Cambridge ©,
(and near Christ's College) as he did at Oxford, previ-
ously to his going to the University of Paris; but there
he obtained the degree of master in the liberal arts, and
in 1509 became doctor of the Sorbonne, the principal
college in that university. His name does not appear in
the Cambridge Registary Book of Graduates, as we find
с
■ Athenæ Oxonienses.
↳ De Gestis Scotorum, fol. 9. See Fuller's Hist. of Camb. p. 85.
e Vita Majoris præf. ad Hist. Brit. tam Angliæ quam Scotia Edin-
burgh. 1740. The following is his own account of all his connexion
with Christ's College: Christi collegium in quo olim trimestris auditor
fueram, eo quod ipsum in Sancti Andreæ parochiâ situm offendi,
Gest. Scotorum, lib. 1. vị.
De
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
215
Erasmus's. Major became, at length, provost of Salva-
tor's College, in St. Andrew's, Scotland, and died there
1547. His logical Essays are very numerous, and his
Commentary on Aristotle's Physics was very famous.
His most celebrated work was, his History De Gestis
Scotorum, first published at Paris in 1521. He is cer-
tainly a man that any college might be proud of; so we
shall leave Christ's College the honour claimed by it of a
share in his education: but having expressed my opinion
on the subject, I have not ventured to place him the first
on the list.
The first protestant, of much account, was Hugh La-
timer, advanced, through Lord Cromwell, to be Bishop
of Worcester, but who voluntarily resigned in 1539ª,
through dislike of the Six Articles. This is that
preacher of whom Bale says, "he was more worthy of
being called the apostle of the English, than that Roman
Augustin, the first archbishop of Canterbury." He
makes a principal figure in Fox's Martyrology. He was
burnt at Oxford at the same time as bishop Ridley, 16th
Oct. 1555. According to Archbishop Parker, he was
fellow of this college.
There are some pieces of his in Fox's Martyrology,
but the principal things printed separately are his ser-
mons, so remarkable for their bluntness and integrity b
Among the earliest boasts of this college, was the fa-
mous Leland, author of the Itinerary, &c. in nine vo-
lumes, an elegant Latin poet, and antiquary of great
research and industry: he was employed by Henry VIII.
a Godwin. de Præsul. Angliæ, p. 469.
b See his Life, by Gilpin, in his Lives of the Reformers.
216
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
to explore the antiquities of this country, and died
1552a.
Dr. Henry More, fellow, was author of various
works, both in prose and verse, a philosopher, Plato-
nist, and Arminian Christian. Being fond of retirement,
he declined offers of the highest preferment, and lived and
died an independent man. The following passage, which
is a quotation from his Altercations with Eugenius Phi-
lalethes, exhibits the high character of Dr. M. "It is
not in thy power," says he, " to cast me so low as any
sect whatever. God hath placed me in a dispensation
above them: and wilt thou throw me down?"
Dr. More
died September 5, 1687, aged eighty-three. There was
also a Dr. John More, of this college, author of a Sa-
cred and Prophane Chronological Table of the World,
to 1593, his own time, and of a map of Palestine.
Aylet Sammes, Esq. author of Britannia Antiqua Illus-
trata. Dr. Richard Sanderson, the Lucasian professor of
mathematics, author of a book on Algebra, &c. and
who, though blind from his early infancy, read lectures on
optics and Laurence Echard, author of a General Ec-
clesiastical History to the first Establishment of Christi-
anity, and Roman History. Dr. Outram, author of the
Libri de Sacrificiis, and Sermons. Dr. Thomas Burnet,
who wrote the Theory of the Earth, and some account of
• See his Life by Hearne.
↳ His principal works are his Enchiridion Ethicum, or Præcipua Mo-
ralis Philosophiæ Rudimenta, dated by the author 1667, of which the
fourth edition was printed in 1711; Enchiridion Metaphisicum; Divine
Dialogues; Trium Tabularum Cabalisticarum, &c. Descriptio et Ex-
positio. He was a great Cabalist, as well as Platonist. Prefixed to his
Enchiridion Ethicum, is a long list of his works. They were all re-
printed in three volumes, folio. He died in 1687, aged 83.
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
217
the present Greek Church; and who was master of the
Charter House.
Mr. William Perkins, a celebrated and strict Predesti-
narian preacher, is said to have given birth to the Armi-
nian Controversy in this country; he wrote much in Latin,
and numerous sermons; he was the tutor of Mr. Joseph
Mede, and died in college, 1602.
Joseph Mede, born at Berden, in Essex, October 1586,
was sent to Christ College in 1602, commenced A. M. in
1610, B. D. in 1618. On his entrance on his philoso-
phical studies he was greatly inclined to scepticism²,
though he was at length considered as the profoundest
scripture critic of his age, and is by many still reckoned
of the highest authority on the more mysterious parts of
the canonical writings. So that "strangers from other
universities have said, that for asserting scripture difficul-
ties he was to be reckoned among the best in the world.”
He became fellow and tutor of this college. His works
are, Diatriba; 1st book contains as many discourses as
there are days in the year; 2d book, contains several
discourses and treatises of "churches, and the worship of
God therein;" 3d book contains his famous Clavis Apo-
calyptica, or Key to the Revelations, in Latin; a Para-
phrase and Exposition of a Prophecy of St. Peter, con-
cerning the day of Christ's second coming; the apostacy
of the latter times; three treatises upon some obscure
passages in Daniel. The 4th book contains his epistles,
being answers to divers letters of learned men: 5th book
contains, Fragmenta Sacra, or Miscellanies of Divinity.
As to peculiar opinions, Mr. M. always continued mo-
derate, steering evenly between extremes, in the Arminian
and Calvinistic controversies, ever averse to the studium
* Life, Preface to his Works.
218
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
partium. He was not desirous of proselyting, nor easily
to be proselyted, and perhaps, after all his researches, still
continued sceptical on many points. By his own account,
he had been reckoned a Papist, an Episcopalian, and
Puritan. He had been passed by in the choice of fel-
lows, as looking too much towards Geneva, while Dr.
Twisse complained to him of too much favouring cere-
monies. But be what he might, he appears not only
not to have courted, but to have declined preferment,
having very few wants, and little ambition, but to live stu-
dious and retired, to borrow his own expression, in his
cell.
He died October, 1638, in college, aged fifty-five,
where he had lived two-thirds of his time. He was bu-
ried in the chapel. To the folio edition of his works,
printed in 1672, is prefixed a suitable preface, by the
editor, Dr. Worthington, a long history of his life, by
some particular friend, and some interesting additional
particulars, by another hand. The latter has preserved
some of his humorous and serious sayings, for he could
be facetious as well as grave: and in reply to the stale
question by Papists, Where was your Church before
Luther? his question, in reply, is very memorable, Where
was the fine flour, when the wheat went to the mill ?
About the same period lived Bishop Chappel, a cele-
brated Episcopalian preacher, author of Methodus
Concionandi, and the Use of Holy Scripture.
Dr. Bolton, a famous Presbyterian preacher, and
Mr. Nicholas Estwick, another Puritan writer, also,
who died in 1616. He distinguished himself by a work
which he called a Confutation of Biddle's Confession of
Faith, (who was an eminent English Unitarian writer,) and
other of Mr. Biddle's works.
:
.
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
219
·
·
Of the members ejected from this house for their loy-
alty, as mentioned by the author of Querela Cantabrigi-
ensis, I am not aware that any are known by their writ-
ings: Dr. Bambrigg, or Bainbridge, master, about the
time of the ejectment, died. He was a great disciplina-
riau, more strict about rules and ceremonies than perhaps
suited Milton; and, according to some, Milton alludes to
Dr. Bambrigg, in his Latin poems". Dr. Calamy takes no
notice of any ejected for nonconformity, by the Bartholo-
mew Act. It is remarkable, too, that among the few pic-
tures hung up in this college, one is of Dr. Perkins, the
Presbyterian; another of Dr. Bolton, a Presbyterian, put
in by the Parliament, as master, in the room of Dr. Bam-
brigg, who had been ejected. Dr. Bolton is known as a
writer.
Among the Puritans, also, must be mentioned, Mr. John
Howe, a famous Presbyterian, one of the assistants in
Pool's Annotations on the Scriptures.
Of Hugh Broughton, the Hebrician and Rabbinical
scholar, an account has been given: so I shall only add,
he was of this college, and died in 1612.
Dr. Ames,
also, author of Medulla Theologiæ, &c. died a professor
of divinity at Amsterdam. Mr. Arthur Haldersham,
noticed by Mr. Smyth, as a "nonconformist, but against
schism," who wrote a Letter against Separation, was of
this society.
It is time to speak of our poets, who, though of differ-
ent periods, I shall place all together.
´a Nec duri libet usq. minas perferre MAGISTRI,
Cæteraq. ingenio non subeunda meo.
Eleg. ad Carolum Deodatum.
But see Warton's notes to Milton, p. 421, 422.
220
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
•
Mr. Nicholas Grimbald, distinguished by his zeal for
the Reformation, was also a poet and dramatist, and trans-
lated some of Tully's works. Sir John Harrington trans-
lated Orlando Furioso. He also, in prose, wrote the State
of the Church of England, as it existed in the reigns of
Elizabeth and James I. to 1608. He likewise published
Epigrams, and an Apology for Poetry. He died in 1612.
John Cleveland was student of this college, and known as
a poet: he was a great loyalist, published poems on vari-
ous subjects, and some prose pieces. He afterwards be-
came a fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, and died in
1658. Of this college also, was Mr. Francis Quarles:
his poems are of a very pious, but poetic cast: he is best
known by his emblems.
But the great poetical genius of this college, great
indeed in almost every thing, was John Milton, of whom
we may safely say, that if he had never written poetry, he
would have been admired for his prose, as, had he never
written prose, he would now live by his poetry. His Latin
poems, though juvenile, are very excellent; in his Greek↳
there is more to censure than to commend: but a critique
a For a further account of him, see Wood's Athenæ Oxon.
b Milton, however, was an admirable Greek scholar, and it is well
known, that Euripides was his favourite author. I once had the loan of
Milton's copy of Euripides for a month, and copied his few different
readings into an edition of Euripides. I perceive, also, that Joshua
Barnes, the editor of Euripides, had perused Milton's copy. It is now
the property of Joseph Cradock, Esq. to whom Dr. Farmer dedicates his
Essay on the Learning of Shakspeare.
The inaccuracies and false quantities of Milton's Greek verses escape.l
the sagacity of Dr. Johnson and Mr. Warton; but not that of Dr. Charle
Burney. See an Appendix to the second edition of Milton's Poem
(as edited by Warton) published in 1791.
•
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
221
on his works, or even a list of them-for they are very
numerous-will not be looked for in this place.
Milton never graduated; the same principles that were
a bar to his taking orders, (for he was designed for the
church,) were also, most probably, to his taking a degree.
In his disciplinarian principles he was an Independent, in
his political a republican, in his doctrinal a moderate Cal-
vinist, not more favourably inclined to Presbyterian`than
Episcopalian church government. He died in 1674.
But, to return to our prose writers.
Adam Wall, A. M. 1754, wrote a book on the offices,
degrees, and other matters relating to the discipline and
economy of the University.
Beilby Porteus, late Bishop of London, was author of
various sermons, and charges, among which are those on
the Soul, and a Defence of Good Friday, and his Lec-
tures, preached at St. James's Church. They have lately
been republished, with his Life prefixed. He was first,
Bishop of Chester, and afterwards of London. He
was one of the clergy who petitioned for relief in the
case of subscription.
Bishop Porteus was also author of a Poem on Death,
which obtained the Seatonian prize, in 1759. He died in
1809.
Mr. Archdeacon Paley was author of the Principles of
Moral and Political Philosophy, first printed in 1775; a
View of the Evidences of Christianity; Elements of Na-
tural Theology, and Horæ Paulinæ. But his first work
was against subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles, first
published in 1774, entitled, A Defence of the Considera-
tions on the Propriety of requiring Subscription to the
Thirty-nine Articles.
■ I mean in the latter period of his life.
#22
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
Whoever takes in view the aim of that piece, printed
in 1774, and of book vi. chap. 10, of the Moral and Po-
litical Philosophy, published in 1775, will perceive the
same acute tone of mind, the same liberality in judging,
the same perspicuity and force of language; and that on a
subject materially affecting the interests of the University.
Dr. Paley introduces a system of accommodation, apply-
ing the doctrine of expedience, (his own word, in each
work,) to both cases, though, indeed, on the opposite sides
of the question.
• To what extent Dr. P. carried this doctrine, in moral,
political, and theological concerns, (for his writings em-
brace all,) how far it admits of defence, or in what sense,
in any particular stage of civil society, it may be necessa-
ry, are problems which it is not my business to solve.
Dr. P. was a liberal minded man; I am not speaking of
him as a temporizer for private ends, (for with these mat-
a With the utmost concession, THE DEFENCE was written by Dr. P. in
union with Bishop Law, or some other confidential friend, such as, per-
haps, Dr. Jebb. But I am authorized to put it among his own writings.
In the title-page, as first published, by a friend of religious liberty, it is
without the author's name, but it appears with his name in lists of genuine
publications on the subject to which it relates; and has been republished,
very lately, with Dr. Paley's name, by the author of his Life, Mr. Medley,
"who observes, the principles maintained by Dr. Paley, on this occasion,
he never afterwards disclaimed, but restated and enforced the most ma-
terial of his arguments, in the chapter on Religious Establishments, and
on Toleration, in his Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy. The
republication of this tract may serve to demonstrate the great contro-
versial talents of the author. It was his first production from the press,
and the only Polemical treatise which he ever presented to the world:
but it most satisfactorily evinces the extraordinary powers of the writer
in argumentative discussion, whether applied to refute an adversary, or
to vindicate a friend." A Defence, &c. Pref,
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
225
ters I have no concern,) but as a political and philosophi-
cal writer; as one, who, after having examined the inter-
nal structure of that vast complicated machine, civil so-
ciety, and measuring its circumference, makes theories, or
shapes those already made, to give it the primary motion,
or to keep it in regular action.
The Archdeacon was, for many years a distinguished
tutor in this college, where he delivered his principles of
moral and political philosophy. His writings are received
as text books in many of our colleges, and for examination
in the senate-house, at the time of taking degrees. He
took his S.T.P. degree in 1795. He was archdeacon of
Carlisle, subdean of Lincoln, and one of the petitioning
clergy. He died in 1805.
Of statesmen, educated in this college, I shall mention
only one, Sir Walter Mildmay: he, according to the author
of England's Statesmen, "was bred in Christ's College,
and did not, as many young gentlemen, study only in com-
pliment, but seriously applied himself to his book." He,
with Dr. Chadderton, planned the foundation of a new
college', and called it, in due time, Emmanuel, while of
this. He was also a benefactor, after he became chancel
lor of the exchequer to Queen Elizabeth. "He began
with his benefactions to Christ's College, only to put his
hand into practice:" among other services he founded a
Hebrew professorship here. But of Sir Walter Mildmay
I shall speak more at large under Emmanuel College.
• Page 365.
b Vita Chaddertoni per Dillingham, and Dr. Worthington's Life of
Mr. Mede, prefixed to his works.
:
224
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
With respect to the building, the elevation of the front
is good: for though its heighth is not in proportion to its
length, yet the parapet, and tower gateway, much orna-
mented with the devices of the foundresses' arms, produce
an effect highly pleasing: and, if possessed of a favourable
situation, it would appear to still greater advantage. But
the narrowness of the street here, operates as a great ob-
struction; and, by walking immédiately under the walls,
travellers overlook what is excellent. The court is too
small to be grand, but possesses sufficient neatness and
variety to be agreeable.
On the north side of the chapel is fixed a fine marble
monument, with a long inscription sacred to the memory
of two gentlemen, who had been fellow-students at
Christ's, Sir John Finch, and Sir Thomas Baines. They
died very distant from each other, one at Constantinople.
But they were memorable for their friendship while living,
and they were deposited here, in the same tomb. On the
western side is a portrait on wood, of the foundress, which
appears rather a singularity. The portraits of the foun-
dress, on the painted glass of the eastern window, with
her son, Henry VII. and other relations, are reckoned well
executed.
The garden is, though not sprucely, yet agreeably laid
out; diversified with spacious, open, and shady walks. It
has also, what no college garden should be without, a good
bowling green and alcove. Travellers are here shewn a
rich mulberry tree, broken down with age, but not desert-
ed, it being propt up with wonderful assiduity and skill,
and not merely consecrated to Milton, but planted, we
are told, with his own hand. Whether true or not, the
fancy may be improved by supposing, that Milton here
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
225
meditated some of his juvenile poems, many of them*,
particularly his Latin Elegies, having been written by him
while a student of this college, and relating to Cambridge.
Here he could not hear the "threats of his hard master,"
was sufficiently removed from " the murmur of the hoarse
schools," the open fields of Cambridgeshire, and the
marshy slow Cam, which so haunted and tormented our
youthful bard. The fancy would be still more agreeably
coloured, if this college possessed any of Milton's MSS.
but these are reserved for Trinity Library. One printed
book, however, this Library posseses, which is curious
and splendid c.
■ The Justa, and Obsequies, being a Collection of Cambridge Verses,
in Greek, Latin, and English, on the death of Mr. Edward King, was
published at Cambridge, in 1638. 1 have perused a copy, but it is ex-
tremely scarce. Milton's Lycidas is placed last. This poem was writ
ten after Milton had left Cambridge, in his twenty-ninth year. But his
Elegy to Charles Deodatus, in obitum Præconis Acad. Cantab. ad Tho-
mam Junium, with his Vacation Exercises, and others, were written
while he was of this college.
Mr. King was fellow of this college, and ought to have been placed
among our poets: for, as Mr. Warton shews, there are Latin copies of
verses extant, written by him. In Warton, also, may be seen an ac-
count of the JUSTA.
The Duri minas magistri, already mentioned.
Stat quoq. juncosas Cami remeare paludes,
Atq. iterum raucæ murmur adire scholæ.
Eleg. 1.
c The Nuremberg Chronicle, in Latin, printed in 1494. It is, how-
ever, rather curious, than scarce. I have seen different copies of it in
England and Scotland: there are, I think, five copies in Cambridge.
An Account of it may be seen copied from Baker, in Masters's Me-
moirs of Baker, p. 123.
Among the MSS. I might have mentioned an Evangelisterion, being a
Greek MS. of the Gospels divided into different portions, according to
the days, on which they are read in the Greek church.
•
VOL, II.
2
[ 226 ]
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE arose out of the ruins of
an hospital of canonsa regular of St. Augustine, dedicat-
ed to St. John the Evangelist. It is sometimes pleasant
to explore old times, and to investigate beginnings; and it
becomes necessary here. We must distinguish the one
institution from the other, so as to correct the mistakes of
others at the outset, in order to keep ourselves in the right
way.
Some speak of St. John's as the oldest college in Cam
bridge. This arises, as already hinted, from confounding
what should be distinguished, an hospital, or religious
house of canons, and a literary institution, incorporated
by royal charter, which, though erected, indeed, on the
same site, and though designed for a public use, had a
different origin, and a different designation. St. John's
Hospital was founded in 1134, more than a century before
Peter House; but St. John's College not till the year
1508, nor opened till 1516. Though I do not charge
Baker or Cole with making a mistake concerning the two
houses
they have not sufficiently marked that distinction.
But I must point out a mistake in our other historians.
a Baker's MS." Account of St. John's House, or Hospital, being a pri-
ory of canons regular, prefixed to his History of St. John's College, in
the British Museum." This order was called canons, quod essent descrip-
ti Ev TW xavovi, Conc. Nicen. can. 17, in canone, id est, in matricula seu
Tabula Clericorum in commune viventium. Asceticŵn, lib. i. chap. 12.
They were afterwards supported out of a common stock of the church,
and sometimes called fratres sportulantes.

UorM
Drawn & Enghy Greig
Entrance to St. John's College.
Proprietors by Longman & Paternoster Row Tanza

Drawn Eng by J.Greg.
John's College.
Published for the Proprietors by Longman & Paternoster Now Jarides.
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
227
Caius has assigned no date to St. John's Hospital, nor
has he specified the founder; but Mr. Parker, who is im-
plicitly followed by Mr. Carter, as in most other cases, has
attributed it to Nigellus, second Bishop of Ely, and
Treasurer to King Henry I.; nor are they corrected by
Mr. Smyth. But Baker, whose authority on all matters
relating to St. John's has great weight with me, gives the
foundation of St. John's Hospital to Henry Frost, an
honest citizen of Cambridge, in the reign of Henry II.
and assigns the following reasons for his opinion. He
says, "most of those that have treated on this subject
seem to place its foundation about the latter end of Hen. I.
or under the reign of Stephen: but Nigellus could have
little time under the first reign, and less opportunity under
the latter, having been a confessor under Stephen, once
banished, his estate twice or thrice confiscated, and him-
self reduced to that extreme degree of necessity
want, that he was forced not only to part with all that was
his own, but to pawn the reliques of his church to the
Jews at Cambridge, to redeem his house." As to the
next reign, he says, that was more auspicious, but even
then he was under continued difficulties; for, as before he
had been pursued and ruined by the king, so in this reign
he was embroiled by the pope, who, though his own coun-
tryman, (for Adrian IV. then reigned,) suspended him for
some pretended injuries offered to his monks. Baker,
therefore, supposes that Nigellus had no great share in
this foundation, by any charities of his own, but only by
granting licences, and perhaps some privileges and immu-
nities, as bishop of the diocese.
and
As to the notion of St. John's College being more an-
cient than Peter House, this account has obtained credit
by the following circumstance. There seem to have been
ì
I
་
9 2
228
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
two hospitals dedicated to St. John; one, an order of
regulars, residing on the spot where St. John's now stands,
in the Jewry, the other on the present site of St. Peter's
Church, in Cambridge, now little St. Mary's, appropriated
by Eustachius, fifth Bishop of Ely, to the religious brethren
of St. John.
When Hugh de Balsham had incorporated both in his
new college, he appropriated twenty shillings a year, to
the regulars of St. John's Hospital, in the Jewry, in lieu
of the chapel of St. Peter's, taken into St. Peter's Col-
lege by the seculars. But this was no tribute, or acknow-
ledgment of St. Peter's College holding under St. John's
College, nor originally paid for the site of St. Peter's
College to St. John's College, but to St. John's Hospital,
for the site and endowment of the church of St.
Peter's a.
But the principal evidence, on which Baker grounds
his opinion, is, an ancient instrument, now lodged in the
Tower at London, in which it is set forth--and upon
oath-that the master and brethren of the hospital of St.
John the Evangelist held a plot of ground, in fee of the
King, whereon the said hospital, with the chapel, was
founded; which said plot of ground a certain burgess of
Cambridge, named Henry Frost, gave to the college of
Cambridge, to build an hospital, for the use of the poor
and infirm; and this judicial testimony, he observes, ought
to have more weight than any modern flying evidence that
is opposed, there being no ancient history that says any
thing of such a foundation by Nigellus, Bishop of Ely.
a Eustachius, fifth Bishop of Ely, appropriated St. Peter's Church, in
Cambridge, now little St. Mary's, to the religious brethren of St. John's.
From an Inspeximus of Hugh and John, Bishops of Ely, referred to by
Baker, in his MS. account.
1
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
229
"I know," says Baker, "it had been more for the ho-
nour of the foundation to have given it a greater patron,
and larger endowments; but I must prefer truth to the
glory of the house, and Henry Frost ought never to be
forgot, who gave birth first to so noted a seat of religion,
and afterwards to one of the most renowned seats of
learning now in Europe."
It should seem, then, that the site of this college had
for many ages been appropriated to religious or public
uses, and that the house has three times changed
its form: 1st, when Henry Frost founded an hospital;
2d, when Hugh de Balsham translated the seculars to
St. Peter's; 3d, when the executors of Lady Margaret, in
fulfilling her will, erected it into a college, continuing
its name to St. John the Evangelist *.
It has not seldom happened-we have already met
with examples in this work-that, either by an influence
wantonly exerted, or by circumstances quite accidental,
persons have been considered founders of Institutions,
who had little concern in raising them, none in their en-
dowment. There is a pride too which particularly at-
taches to a fraternity of monks. They are fond of
claiming relationship to great names: they are proud of
kings, of princes, of popes, and bishops; they think it
mean to have a citizen for their head: with them kings
are gods; popes and bishops are all saints, and a plain
citizen they blow away as feathers. While yet their
kings have been sometimes only public instruments,
names dangling upon charters, and some popes and bi-
shops are commemorated as benefactors who have
• MS, account of the Priory of Canons regular.
230
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
merely confirmed grants that other bishops gave; they
have given nought, or what cost them nothing.
Mr. Baker has given a long history of this hospital of
St. John's. I have said all that I deem necessary for this
place. Nigellus was chancellor to Henry I. and Henry
Frost, a plain citizen of Cambridge: I leave the reader
from what has been said, to make choice to whom it be-
longs. But, as before observed, the Johannis Hospi-
tium was not the college of St. John's.
Margaret, Countess of Richmond, then, the same as
founded Christ's College, was the foundress of this.
The scheme was suggested to the countess by her con-
fessor, Fisher, Bishop of Rochester; and, indeed, Baker,
with that zeal which distinguishes him towards those
whom he admires, raises his favourite bishop almost to
the character of co-founder. Nothing can exceed his
partiality, as already shewn in our account of Queen's,
partly from considerations of Fisher's great services to
St. John's, and partly of his unjust persecutions from
the tyrant Henry VIII. Sympathy, too, with his suffer-
ings, mingled with respect for his character: for, as
Fisher was a martyr to his integrity, Baker was a socius
ejectus for principle and conscience.
In a preceding chapter on Queen's, in speaking of the
foundress, I dilated, in a way not exclusively connected
with that college; and in this I shall not enter into the
question of the legitimacy of the Lancastrian line, and
their right to the crown. If they had a right, Lady Mar-
garet should have preceded Henry VII. in the order of
succession; and whatever may be thought of him,
Margaret was the paramount lady of England: so, agree-
ably to the practice of giving the full display of charac-
1
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
231
!
ter to founders and foundresses of colleges, I shall speak
of Margaret.
Lady Margaret, then, was daughter of John Beaufort,
Duke of Somerset, grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke
of Lancaster, and so of course descended immediately
from Edward III. wife, too, of Edmund Tudor, Earl
of Richmond, son of Catharine of France. Our
foundress was thus immediately allied to the crown of
France; in relation to England, she was mother of a
king," from whom all our English kings are descend-
ed; and from Margaret, his eldest daughter, who bore
our foundress's name, all the Scottish kings are descend-
ed: so that, as Baker observes, "though she herself was
never a queen, yet her son, if he had any title to the
crown, as he derived it from her, so at her death she had
thirty kings and queens allied to her, within the fourth
degree, either of blood or affinity, and since her death,
she has been allied in her posterity to thirty more:" and,
to crown the whole, Henry's marriage with the Princess
Elizabeth united the contending titles of the two houses of
York and Lancaster. So illustrious for birth was our
foundress.
Speaking of Bishop Fisher's Sermon on the Death of
Margaret, Baker observes, " One instance of her piety
has been omitted by that worthy prelate. She was ad-
mitted into the fraternity of five several religious houses
(if not more), Westminster, Crowland, Durham, Win-
burn, and the Charter-house at London, which, in the
strain of that age, as it entitled her to the prayers, so it
gave her a share in the merits and good works of all
these societies: and for her chastity, as it was unspotted
in her marriage, so, some years before her death, she
took upon her the vow of celibacy, from Bishop Fisher's
hands
—as appears in a form yet extant upon our registers
232
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
-the reason, I suppose, that her portraiture is usually
taken and depicted with a veil, and in the habit of a nun.
She died at Westminster, the 29th of June, as speci-
fied in the college register. Her epitaph was written by
Erasmus, for which he had a premium of £20; and so
it is entered in an old book of accounts. Her funeral
sermon was preached by Bishop Fisher. The charter of
the foundation of the college was given the 9th of April,
1511, in the name and by the authority of all the execu-
tors; and Robert Shorton was appointed the first mas-
ter.
With respect to her relation to this college, it appears,
that the endowment of it is all specified in the foun-
dress's will. It appears, also, that she was liberal of her
own; for she conferred on this house lands and manors,
the abbey of Creyke, given her by her son; but God's
House, which was the foundation of Henry VI. went a
considerable way in this foundation. And hence it was
that the master and three fellows of the old foundation
(for there were no more), John Scot, Edward Fowle,
and Thomas Nunne, were continued members of the
new college.
Besides her immediate liberality to this college, she
had regard to the University at large. A perpetual
public lecture in divinity was instituted in the 18th year
of her son's reign; and she appointed Fisher her first
reader. She also gave rules and statutes for the choice
of her reader: she likewise instituted a similar reader at
Oxford, and endowed the office with the same salary.
In the 20th year of Henry's reign, she founded a perpetual
public preacher at Cambridge, with a stipend of 10l. a
year, payable by the abbot and convent of Westminster.
This office was peculiar to Cambridge. She might,
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
233
probably, have intended something of the same kind for
Oxford, but it was never realized.
Besides Lady Margaret and Bishop Fisher, a few
other benefactors should be enumerated.
Archbishop Morton bequeathed four scholarships;
and as he left some scholarships to Cambridge, he left
others to the university of Oxford: he also left a sum to
the chest of this university, to be employed as loans to
poor scholars. He died a few years before the founda-
tion of St. John's.
Ashton, Archdeacon of York, and one of the foun-
dress's executors, founded four fellowships, and four
scholarships, for particular counties; Dr. Keyton two
scholarships, with preference to the choristers of South-
well. He was buried in the chapel of this college.
The new college of St. John's, then, being founded on
the ruins of that old hospital of canons regular, now be-
come dissolute and desolated, soon rose with new pow-
ers, like Jesus College, though not with a new name: for
it still retained the name of St. John's. The revenues of
the old house were not large: according to an authentic
account, I am speaking after Mr. Baker, they amounted
only to 80%. 1s. 10d.ª; and from the king's licence of
mortmain, it seems that he did not intend the foundation
should be over large; it being thereby limited to 50l.b
per annum, besides the revenues of the old house.
a This house of canons was always a poor-house as well as illiterate.
It consisted only of a prior, and five canons: at its dissolution only
of three.
bYet, by the codicil of the foundress's will, it appears she left reve-
nues to the amount of £400 per annum.
234
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
}
It might have been remarked, that, as the foundress
and her son died before her wishes in regard to this col-
lége were realized, the ratification and completion of
them devolved on Henry VIII. But I must now pro-
ceed by the mathematician's rule of inverse ratio: as this
college is very large, I must, in the same proportion, di-
minish my attempts; like the epic poet, I must hasten to
the event: and so all the difficulties in the way of Lady
Margaret's will, the measures taken by her executors to
over-rule them, the progress of the establishment, the
nature and number of succeeding donations, and be-
quests, together with the quality and restrictions of fel-
lowships, the number of scholarships, the account of
annual prizes, and public examinations (for which this
college has always been distinguished), these, and other
particulars, not unworthy of consideration, are, not
without design, entirely omitted: and I shall only say
that the provision of the college, as it now stands, is-
for one master, 66 fellows, 114 scholars, and a great
number of exhibitioners. I now proceed to other sub-
jects.
Very soon after the charter was obtained, the fabric
began to be raised. The expenses attending it were be-
tween 4 and 5000l. The portion that was first built was
the chapela, partly composed of the remains of the old
a On coming to a reperusal of Baker's History, for the purpose of
this college, in confirmation, that the round church was not, as Dr.
Caius supposed, a Jews' synagogue, Mr. Baker observes, "it is cer-
tain, from an inquisition made in this king's reign (19th Edw. I.), that
St. Sepulchre's, in the Jewry, was then a church belonging to the prior
and convent of Bernewel, in proprios usus (St. John's house, or hospital,
&c. p. 15), and that higher up in the last year of Henry III. there is
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
235
•
chapel, and partly of new materials. It was finished in
the 5th year of Henry VIII. Rapid progress was made
in the other parts of the building, the whole being com-
pleted in about four years.
The buildings now consist of three courts, and carry a
very venerable, collegiate appearance: the whole college is
built of brick, in ancient taste, except the southern side
of the outer court, which is cased, and modernized.
The rest preserves its original character, without any of
the embellishments of Palladian architecture, or the con-
cealments of a Ketton en-casement. It is in the Gothic
style: I must, however, except the western side of the
inner court, which is Grecian, made, however, to assi-
milate, in some measure, with the other parts of the
building. The middle square displays an air of gran-
deur, from the loftiness of the two towers of the gate-
way, and of the four other towers raised at the angles
of the quadrangle, in harmony with which is the height
of the structure, and the spaciousness of the court. The
exterior front of the grand tower gateway is much ob-
truded on, and obstructed for effect, by awkward, ugly
walls: still the various devices of crowns, portcullises,
roses, the arms of the foundress, the statue of the
an original grant of a house in St. Sepulchre's parish to Galfridus de
Alderhithe, perpetual vicar of St. Sepulchre's church;" and since I
wrote my account of Peter House, I perceive that Baker speaks of
Bishop Wren's having perused and referred to the MS. in the archives,
which I refer to (vol. i. p. 3, of this history). I was not aware at the
time that Bishop Wren had perused and referred to it, when master of
Peter House:—so that, though Mr. Baker seemed to suspect, there might
still be some mistake, yet, as I have also perused that very paper, and
perceived it to have that very date, I consider no doubt to remain on
the subject.
:..
.
·
236
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
/
foundress under a canopy, the parapet, and the eleva-
tion of the towers at a distance, well adjusted, all com-
bining, are to be much admired. The portico, too, dis-
plays much of ornament and curious workmanship. I
might enlarge, likewise, on the chapel, hall, picture-
gallery, and master's lodge, all having in them much of
the antique character. But this must suffice.
With respect to the contents of this library, they are
very valuable, though it possesses not so many MSS.
as some others: one I have already noticed-a curious
MS. of psalmody, the title of which may be seen in the
Notesa. There are also several of Mr. Baker's, Mr.
Ashby's, and others, relating to the history of St.
John's.
With regard to printed books, it is rich in Bibles;
among others, is a very rare Geneva Bible, published
in Queen Mary's reign, in 1557, by Conrad Badius, who
printed, both at Geneva and Basil, three or four years
before the Geneva Bible was printed by Calvin. I
cannot help remarking a particular reading, Pet. i. cap. 2,
v. 13, unto the kyng as unto the chiefe head,' though it
was afterwards altered. This is the first Bible with
a In Natalitis Confessorum nō Pontificum ad Matutinum Invitato-
rium, beginning, Regem Confessorum, Dominum, veni te oremus.
b I think it was one of Baker's. He has, at least, written in it, liber
rarissimus et quantivis pretii. Speaking of rare Bibles, I cannot for-
bear adding, that next to the Bodleian at Oxford, the public library at
Cambridge, and that of the Brit. Mus. the Baptist's library at Bristol
contains the greatest number of, at least, rare Bibles. I have there
seen a copy of Tyndal's first edition, which is said to be the only one
extant, that first edition being partly bought up by Tonštal, and burnt.
Of this individual copy, an account may be seen in Mr. Beloe's Anec
dotes of Literature.

Drawn & Eng by J.Graig
Library St John's Colleges
Published for the Proprietors by Longman & Co Paternoster Row. Jan.11814.
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
237
vèrses. I think I am correct in saying, Archbishop Laud
makes use of this version against the Puritans," at the
name of Jesus every knee shall bow," Phil. ii. 10, in
his speech at the star-chambera. There is here also the
famous Greek Psalter, by Aldus.
Among the MSS. and printed books, I must not for-
get to mention those of Thomas Baker's printed books
(many of which are rare and valuable). They were be-
queathed by him, with other legacies, to this college:
they have all his name, and socius ejectus, (ejected fel-
low) prefixed, and a great variety of his own notes in
them. He was in the habit of making observations in all
his books. There is here also a collection of splendid
books, classics, French books, and others, left by Matthew
Prior, the poet. Some of these, also, are not only splen-
did, but curious c.
■ I allude to a famous speech of his, delivered in the Star-chamber,
being an attempt to vindicate his own conduct towards, the puritans.
It is extremely scarce, a very few copies were printed, only 50, if not
less. I have perused a copy in the library of Canterbury Cathedral.
3
b Concerning which, see Maittaire's Annal. Typograph. vol. i.
p. 373, and Le Long, Bibliotheca Sacra, vol. i. p. 373.
e In King's College library, Aberdeen, I have seen a copy of Trevi-
sa's curious translation of Higden's Polichronicon (very old English),
concerning which I took several notes. The translation was finished in
1357; Wynkyn de Woorde embellished and enlarged it down to the
year 1485, adding several stories. This first volume (at Aberdeen) ends
with the sixth book, and a piece of the seventh. I am thus particular,
because I was informed by a professor of King's College, that the se-
cond volume, belonging to this copy, was in St. John's College library,
Cambridge, though it escaped me to make inquiries, when I had an op-
portunity; which, however, reminds me, how two old friends were
brought together, after, perhaps, a hundred years of separation. I
allude to the re-union of the two volumes of the magnificent Livy
(Venice, folio, 1570), in the public library of Cambridge, of which
I have given an account somewhere in M. M.
•

238
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
3
:
This, I think, is the largest college in the University-
a landscape of vast extent, and of great fertility in the
fore-ground, a garden, replete with fruits, flowers, and
shrubs of mingling hues-with side-scenes and avenues
leading to spacious meadows, lofty groves, and smiling
corn-fields, streams murmuring between, the banks of
which are planted with trees, whereon birds are singing
on all the branches. We have a succession of uplands
and lowlands, with that luxuriance which captivates, and
that variety which overpowers the mind, till we repose on
aspiring mountains, and inaccessible rocks, which bound
the horizon. Here then I can neither take an open,
ample survey, nor even a bird's-eye view. I must be
contented, and I beg the reader to be contented, with
the same sight which is presented in some pieces of
Gothic perspective, where much that belongs to the
building appears not in view, but a part only can be seen;
and this little rhetorical flourish I solicit the reader to
take with him, when we come to Trinity.
But to proceed, without figure, to our eminent and
learned men of St. John's. State I must to the reader,
that I shall be obliged, both in this college, and also in
Trinity, to circumscribe myself in regard to poets. I
shall little more than mention their names, without en-
tering into detail: but I shall give them a prominent
place, and in my rapid discursive tract of genius and li-
terature, place my poet's corner in the middle.
Fuller registers but seven learned men, and, as his
manner is, gives not much beyond their names: I shall
notice them in my series, but more circumstantially.
Mr. Roger Hutchinson was fellow 1548, and B. D.
He was a protestant, and wrote a book, entitled the
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
239
Image of God. Dr. John Seaton: Baker speaks of him,
as a man of much learning, and as "a noted logician a "
He wrote a Treatise on Logic, and was prebendary of
Winchester, Rodolph Bayns was skilful in the Hebrew
language, and royal professor of it at Paris: he was con-
secrated Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry in 1552, but,
being a papist, he was deprived by Elizabeth, and died
at Islington, near London. George Bullock was admitted
master in 1554, and commenced D. D. 1557: he was
Lady Margaret's professor, à papist, but a man of great
learning, though his name is not entered in the book.
He had accommodated himself in Edward VI.'s reign,
but was ejected in Elizabeth's. He settled at Leipsic :
here he printed a large concordance, of which much has
been said: here, too, he died, and was buried in the
chapel of the monastery. Thomas Leavor was an
eminent professor, and author of some sermons, preach-
ed, and published, in a peculiar strain. He was master
of the college. It should seem, by one of his sermons
preached before the king, that Harry the VIIIth's almo-
ners had been his deceivers, or that the receivers had
been purloiners. ["No one," says Mr. Baker, "can
read his sermons, without imagining he has something be-
fore him of Latimer or Luther."] “The kyng's majes-
tye, that deade is, (Leavor was preaching before the kind
Edward) dyd gyve a benefyce to be appropriated to the
Universitye of Cambridge, in liberam et puram Elemo-
synam, as free and pure alms, howe is it, hys hands
. Hist. of St. John's Col.
b Godwin de Præsul. Angl. p. 325.
e Hist. of St. John's, p. 45.
240
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
were so impure, who should have received it, that he re-
ceived 6001. of the University for it."
:
Yet it is remarkable enough, this very person alluded
to by Leavor was mentioned as a benefactor: though, that
the 6001. was thus drawn out of the University chest, Mr.
Baker says, is confirmed from the Archives of the Uni-
versity he appeals to Hare's Collect. vol. 3; and he
more than hints, that the University funds had been
dreadfully misapplied, " and nothing to shew for them but
auditors and keys." Leavor died at Sherburn: on his tomb
was this inscription: Thomas Leavor, preacher to King
Edward the VIth. He died in July, 1577.
Thomas Watson, D. D. was master, and Mr. Roger
Ascham pronounces him one of the best scholars this
college ever breda. Bishop Burnet seems to have con-
founded him with a John Watson, a great school divine,
called by Erasmus the Scotist. Watson commenced
D. D. in 1554, and was consecrated Bishop of Lincoln
in 1557. In 1559 he was deprived, for refusing the oath
of supremacy. He was commonly in the Fleet or Mar-
shalsea, and, at length, in Wisbech Castle, where he
died, aged 66 or 67.
James Pilkington passed some years in banishment
during the reign of Mary; but was admitted master of
St. John's in 1559. Mr. Baker describes him as a hot
puritan, out of whose school proceeded Cartwright and
others. If so, he managed matters more dexterously
than some of them: many puritans were preferred to
prisonage; Dr. Pilkington to the bishopric of Durham,
to which, according to Godwin, he was consecrated in
the third year of Elizabeth, and which he enjoyed 16
years. He lies entombed near the high altar in Durham
cathedral.
a Schoolmaster.
1
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
241
Here then Cartwright, the well-known controversialist
on the side of the puritans, though alluded to before as
the deprived Lady Margaret's professor, should be men-
tioned again, for he was fellow of this college. I think
it unnecessary to enumerate his writings. This is the
writer, in favour of whom, and others, when imprisoned
in the Fleet, King James of Scotland, after our James I. a
wrote a letter to Queen Elizabeth, and whose writings at
length found a more able opponent in Hooker than
they had in Whitgift. Dr. Cartwright died in 1604.
b
Dr. Redman is mentioned by Ascham, as one of the
great revivers of classical literature in this house, during
his time, and as particularly distinguished for his dis-
courses in favour of a married clergy, and against the se-
veral popish doctrines. Two discourses on Justification
and Grace he published, which are spoken of as very
learned. He died in 1557. I shall just notice two more
persons of talents, under this head, of very opposite sen-
timents; the one, Dr. Langbaine, an ardent papist, who
had been fellow, and became Archdeacon of Lewes :
he wrote Confutationem Catholicam Nicholai Ridley
(the bishop) de Eucharistia; the other, William Mor-
gan, D. D. consecrated Bishop of Llandaff 1595, and
translated to St. Asaph in 1601, as a remuneration for his
being the first who translated the Bible into Welsh. He
was assisted in this work by Dr. Parry, who succeeded
him as Bishop of St. Asaph.
Hitherto we have spoken, principally, of controver-
sialists—papists, protestants, and puritans—and it would
be easy to extend the list; much too might be said of
disputes about the alteration of statutes, the ejections
a It may be seen in Piercii Vindic. Nonconformistarum, part ima.
b Author of the LAWES OF ECCLESIASTICAL POLITY.
VOL. II,
B
242
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
from masterships and fellowships, and altercations about
matters both doctrinal and disciplinarian: for these were
shifting, changing, manoeuvring, quarrelling, and ac-
commodating times. Let us now consider a man princi-
pally distinguished for his classical literature; one who,
though a divine, was no zealot, though a scholar, no
dogmatist, and though accustomed to instruct princes,
has delivered some admirable lessons for ordinary read-
ers, and the most youthful minds.
Roger Ascham was a protestant, and chosen fellow
under, and principally through, the management of a pop-
ish master, Dr. Metcalf, described by him not as a first-
rate scholar, but as foremost in encouraging literary me-
rit, wherever found. Ascham next became public ora-
tor, and afterwards tutor to Prince Edward and
Princess Elizabeth, and when Elizabeth became queen,
Ascham still continued her preceptor and Latin secre-
tary. In the latter capacity, he went into Italy and
Germany; and, on his return into England, published a
Discourse on the State of Germany, and the Court of
Charles V. He published, too, Toxophilos-for, like
Milton and Locke, he greatly studied to take exercise
into his theory of tuition. In the last-mentioned book
he treats of shooting with the arrow, a favourite amuse-
ment with the English in his time: he, further, wrote
some elegant Latin epistles, particularly one to Stur--
mius, a German; and perhaps acted as Queen Eliza-
beth's Latin secretary, with regard to some curious
Latin epistles, described as Elizabeth's, in the public
library at Cambridge: but the work by which he is prin-
cipally known is his Schoolmaster, being a plain and
easy Way of teaching Children the Latin Tongue.
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
243
I shall copy a few lines, which I said concerning this
book in M. M.
"Ascham was an enemy to reading grammars by them-
selves, and labouring at rules, without any knowledge of
the language. His advice was, that children should first
learn the eight parts of speech, and the concords, and
then proceed immediately to practice; that the master
should teach, as Ascham expresses it, the cause and
matter of letter, and keep construing it. After this, the
pupil was to sit by himself, and write down, in a paper-
book, his translation, without any prompter. This Eng-
lish was then to be translated back again into Latin.
Milton also was dissatisfied with the usual way of initiat-
ing children into the Latin language, and, to simplify
instruction, wrote what he calls accidence commenc't
grammar a "
It is remarkable, that it was an hundred and twenty
years after the publication of the first edition of the
Schoolmaster, that a second was made; so that, as Mr.
Upton observes, the book was in danger of being lost.
Mr. U. fellow of King's, revised it, and published it with'
* Ascham follows his friend Sturmius. The principles are much al-
lied to those laid down by Posselius, in his Book de Ratione discendæ
et docendæ Linguæ Latinæ, A. 1642. But Posselius was a friend to the
Virgula obliqua, and the Metus Pænarum. Not so Ascham. Nothing
can be more admirable than what Ascham says on that subject.
I cannot forbear adding, that Locke, acting on the same principles
as Ascham translated into English Esop's Fables, which were publish-
ed, and that his mode of discipline in the art of instructing children is
in harmony with Mr. Ascham's. I do not drop these hints without
meaning. See Mr. Locke's Treatise on Education.
R 2
244
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
explanatory notes, in 1711. But Mr. Bennet has since
appeared as editor of all Mr. Ascham's English works.
Let us now turn into poets corner: here we have Mr.
Arthur, an early protestant and fellow, who wrote trage-
dies; Thomas Drant, fellow, author of Sacred Poetry,
in Latin; Sir Thomas Wiat, and Mr. John Hall, both
historiographers, and also poets; Bishop Watson too,
already mentioned, was an admired Latin poet; Ben
Jonson, the famous dramatist"; John Cleveland, already
mentioned, was fellow c; Ambrose Phillips, the writer
of Pastorals, was of this college; the lively, elegant
Matthew Prior, was fellow; Mr. Broome, of more ino-
dern time, was student; Mr. Bampfield, author of some
elegant sonnets, and Mr. Richardson, who wrote some
dramatic pieces, particularly the Fugitive, were of St.
John's.
•
This account of our poetical writers will seem very
concise; but the truth is, on finding them so numerous, I
meditated, and in part executed, a plan, proportionably
extended: but it could not be adapted to this work, and
may find, probably, some other place.
In succession to Redman, Cheke, and Ascham, the
most eminent classical scholars educated here, were,
• Mr. Baker says, he wrote a tragedy, called Absolom, that was
greatly admired by the best crities at Cambridge; but he would not
publish it, because it had an anapest in paribus locis, in a few in-
stances, where there should have been Iambics.
Hist. of St. John's College.
Mr. Peter Whalley, in the Life prefixed to Ben Jonson's works,
gives him to Cambridge, and he is generally claimed for St. John's:
but, according to Baker, this is from tradition, for Jonson's name ap-
pears on no list in that college. Hist. of St. John's.
• First of Christ's.
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
245
Andrew Downes, B. D. (called by Bishop Montague
"that walking library"), and John Bois, B. D. both fel-
lows, and both assistants to Sir Henry Saville, in his
translation of St. Chrysostom. But remarkable it is,
that, notwithstanding the flourishing state of classical
learning here, for some time, it soon fell into total neg-
lect. Ascham dates its decline from the accession of
Mary, to that of Elizabeth; and Baker says, that at the
time Bois came here, Greek was almost entirely lost.
This was partly owing to the change of religion, which
discountenanced the new learning, and partly to the con-
troversies about doctrines, church discipline, and cere-
monies, which so occupied the puritans. Mr. Bois was
author of Notes on the Four Gospels and Acts, which
Mr. Smyth calls learned.
At a period not very distant from each other, three
persons were educated here, each very eminent, though
pursuing different walks of literature: Mr. Henry Briggs
born 1560; Thomas Gataker, 1574; and Sir Kenelm
Digby, in 1603.
Henry Briggs, admitted scholar here in 1579, took his
A. M. in 1585, and was chosen fellow in 1588, being an
eminent mathematician, the first chosen professor of geo-
metry, in Gresham College, in 1596; soon after which,
he invented a table, by which the magnetical declination
being given, the height of the pole may easily be
found. But he soon became "wholly taken up with
• Mr. Ascham observes, "that in his time Sir John Cheke and Dr.
Redman did breed up so many learned men in that one college of St.
John's, as I believe, the whole university of Louvain in many years
was not able to afford." Schoolmaster, p. 61, Upton's edit.
b Schoolmaster, p. 168, 169, 170.
Ward's Lives of the Professors of Gresham College, p. 191.
246
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
#
1
the noble invention of logarithms," then lately discover-
ed by John Neper, Baron of Marcheston, near Edin-
burgh, in 1616. He brought through the press an Eng-
lish translation of the baron's Canon merificus Logarith-
morum, adding a Preface: and the next year published,
for the use of his hearers at Gresham College, his Loga-
rithmorum Chilias Prima. After Baron Neper's death,
according to his desire, Briggs published his discoveries,
with his own calculations, and is allowed to have had not
only the merit of an improver, but, in several particulars,
of a discoverer. His famous work was Arithmetica Lo-
garithmica.
Mr. Briggs, in the year 1619, was appointed also, by
Sir Henry Saville, warden of Merton College, his first
professor of geometry, and went to reside at Oxford in
1620. He died the 26th of Jan. 1630, in Merton Col-
lege, and was buried in the college chapel, beside the
honorary monument of his friend and founder, Sir Hen.
Saville a.
Thomas Gataker, B. D. was a critic, who wrote the
Treatise on the Nature and Use of Lots, and Opera
Critica; in his religious sentiments a puritan, and one of
the assembly of divines, in connexion with whom he un-
dertook what has been called the Assembly's Annotations
on the Bible, in which, however, Mr. Gataker took the
principal share. He died in 1654.
Sir Kenelm Digby was a friend of Descartes, a
great admirer of his Philosophy, and author of a
work entitled, “Theoria Analytica viam ad Monarchiam
Scientiarum demonstrans;" of two Books in Refutation
* An account of his writings, published by himself, and of his post-
humous works, may be seen in Dr. Ward's Lives, &c. ut supra.
1
1.
***

Holbenus nitida pingendi maximus arte
Effigiemexpreffit graphice:sed nullus Apelles
Exprimet ingenium Celix animumque Viati.
From the Original Wood Cut by Hans Holben
prefixed to the nonia on the Death of S. Tho. Wyatt.
Dor M
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
247
of Peter Ramus's Method," and two on the Art of
Swimming: these two last are also in Latin. He publish-
ed, in English, a Dissuasive from taking away the Goods
and Livings of the Church. He died, on his birth-day,
in 1665.
Two celebrated statesmen, though at different periods,
and of different qualifications, received their academical
education at St. John's, Sir Thomas Wiat, in Henry the
VIIIt's reign, and William Cecil, Lord Burleigh, in
Elizabeth's: Wiát, too, was distinguished as an author.

}
Wiat was a man of quick perception, Cecil of patient
observation; Wiat of lively, but pertinent wit; Cecil of
well-balanced and weighty remark; Wiat a poet, anti-
quary, and historiographer; Cecil the profoundest and
most guarded politician of his age, and of whom Queen
Elizabeth said, when Cecil's servant desired her majesty
"to stoop, on entering the door of Burleigh House (her
head-dress being much heightened)" For your master's
sake, I will stoop, but not for the King of Spain a
Sir Thomas What wrote a Treatise on Justice, to which
Camden is allowed to be greatly indebted in his Annals
of Queen Elizabeth; and to his talents and genius
both Leland and Camden bear the amplest testimony Þ.
Cecil's extraordinary remarks on record supply the want
C
* See Lloyd's Statesmen and Favourites of Engl. p. 291.
A
Bella-suum merito jactet Florentia Dantem,
Regia Petrarchæ Carmina Roma probat:
His non inferior patrio Sermone VIATOR,
Eloquii secum qui decus omne tulit.
b
Eques auratus splendide doctus.
Leland.
Camden.
• England's Statesmen, &c. as above. The closing one there men-
tioned is very fine. "It's for omnipotence to do mighty things in a
248
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
of much authorship: he was father of an author of some
note; and both father and son were chancellors of the
University of Cambridge.
Wiat was so distinguished a wit, that his name passed
into a rebus, a wit (Wiat); but there was wisdom even in
his wit, and it has been well observed, he never rendered
himself contemptible, to please others; as of Cecil, in re-
ference to the University, that though the rent-corn first
grew in Sir Thomas Smith's head, it was ripened by Bur-
leigh's assistance, whereby, though the rents of the col-
leges stand still, their revenues increase.
Let us attend for a moment to our ejected loyalists and
non-conformists. In the time of Charles the First, 29
masters of arts, with the master, Dr. Neale, were ejected
by the Parliament, according to the statement of Que-
rela Cantabrigiensis. None of their writings are men-
tioned by Walker, nor will be here, except they fall in
the regular course of our observations. There were
several ejectments of puritans at the Revolution, though
not in the same proportion, for several who were of puri-
tanic principles, contrived to keep their ground; and of
Dr. Tuckney I shall speak under Emmanuel College.
Here, too, should be remembered Sir Thomas Went-
worth, Earl of Strafford, the firm adherent to Charles I.
and patient sufferer in his cause: he was a student in this
college; and his letters relating to Ireland (when he was
lord-lieutenant), published by a gentleman of St.
moment; but degreeingly to grow to greatness, is the course he hath left
for man."
a He wrote against the papists, and against Dr. Dee's Proposals for
the Reformation of the Calendar.
Sufferings of the Clergy, p. 148, 2d part.

From an
LUCIUS CARY,
LORD FALKLAND,
Original Picture in the Collection of the
Duke of Queensbury.
Uor M
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
249
John's, together with his Defence on his Tryal, place
him high on our list of authors: his Trial forms one of
the folio volumes in Rushworth's Collections. He was
beheaded in 1641.
Lord Falkland, who fell in the same cause, was, also,
a student of this society, he wrote several treatises
against popery: Mr. Smyth mentions, also, General Fair-
fax, as having been educated here, whom he describes
as the noted general for the army, and author of his own
memorials, besides poems.
I shall just notice here two or three writers of very
different persuasions, 1. Bishop Williams, who wrote
a Defence of the Holy Table and Altar, and left behind
him Latin Notes on every book of the Bible, except the
Revelations. 2. Two popish writers, Mr. Serjeant,
who published a Sure Footing in Christianity, and Ca-
tholic Letters with Dr. Godden, the author of Dia-
logues, în Defence of the Catholics. 3. William Whit-
acre, D. D.." who, though never a bishop," as Baker
expresses it," was one of the greatest men this college
ever had." Of him, indeed, I should have spoken be-
fore. For he was admitted master in 1586; was Regius
Professor when about twenty-one, and died Dec. 24, 1595.
In many of his principles Dr. Whitacre was a Puritan.
But in one of his Theses he defended a principle, which
is the main support of Mr. Hooker's Ecclesiastical Po-
lity. He wrote much against Stapleton and other Ro-
manists. His Latin works make two volumes folio: and
it is he of whom Bellarmine said, "He was the most
learned heretic he ever read."
And as some protestants are apt, over-zealously, to
speak of all Catholics as persecutors, I shall copy, ver-
batim, the following article from Mr. Smyth, for I

4
250
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
know nothing further of the author: "John Austen,
schol. a popish writer of note, author of the Christian
Moderator, or Persecution for Religion condemned;
Devotions, or the ancient Way of Offices; Treatise in
behalf of the Oath of Allegiance; Punctual Answer to
Archbishop Tillotson's Rule of Faith, &c. He died
1669."
Baker, our Cambridge collector and antiquary, so fre-
quently introduced, will bear being introduced again, and
is, indeed, entitled, in these volumes, to most respectful
attention.
Mr. Thomas Baker took his A. B. degree in 1677;
was chosen fellow in 1679, and proceeded A. M. in
1681. He was collated by Lord Crew, Bishop of Dur-
ham, to the rectory of Long Newton, in that diocese, and
it was understood to be the Bishop's intention to have be-
stowed on him the most valuable prebend in his cathedral,
called the Golden Prebend. But having taken the oath
of allegiance to James II. he thought himself bound by it.
So, on refusing to take the oath to King William, he lost
his living, all golden hopes, and even his fellowship. His
living he resigned, August 1, 1690. There is so strong a
mark of a great and good mind in the following letter,
that I feel persuaded it will please every reader: it is co-
pied from Mr. Masters's Memoirs of the Life and Writ-
ings of Mr. Baker.
A Letter of Mr. Baker's, addressed to a Friend, on his
resigning his Living.
SIR,
I must desire you once more to return my humble
thanks to my Lord, (the Bishop of Durham,) as for all
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
251
his favors, so particularly, that my living has been reserved
to me so long; and that my Lord may not suffer by it, I
have nothing further to desire, only this, that my Lord
would now dispose of it.
I am very sensible of his Lordship's favour, and with
how much goodness I have been treated in this whole.
affair, and therefore I do now part with it with as much
thankfulness as I did receive it.
I am not desirous to know my successor; whoever my
Lord thinks fit to succeed me, shall be acceptable to me,
and I shall not only be in charity with him, but shall have
a friendship for him; and if any thing further be re-
quired of me, to make the living more easy to him, I shall
be ready to do it upon the least intimation of his Lord-
ship's pleasure.
I do not know whether I have said enough, if I have
not, I must desire you to say it for me.
I am to thank you for your letter, and all your kindness
and favours, though they were unnecessary to me; for
though you said nothing, yet I could never so much as
doubt of it, as being so much already,
Sir,
Your obliged humble Servant,
THOMAS BAKER.
On the 20th of January, 1716, Mr. Baker, with seve-
ral other (non-jurors) learned, peaceable, and inoffensive
men-I am using Mr. Masters's words-were dispossess-
ed of their fellowships.
Still, however, Mr. Baker continued to live in college,
on a small annuity, the fortune bequeathed him by his
father. How he passed his time I think unnecessary to
259
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
+
+
state, having already given an ample account of his MS.
Collections relating to Cambridge, and his Reflections on
Learning. He died in his rooms on the 2d of July, 1740,
aged eighty-four.
Besides Mr. Masters's account of Baker, several others
have been given, one by Lord Orford, in the quarto edi-
tion of his works, written in 1778: another in Mr.
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes of the 18th century, vol. v.
a third in Mr. Cole's Collections in the British Museum;
a fourth in the Biographia Britannica, the first edition,
which has been considerably enlarged and improved in the
last*.
a It is said in the last edition of the Biographia Britannica, that on
Baker's losing his fellowship, Matthew Prior, the poet, allowed him to
receive the profits of his. This is admitted on some intimation from
Dr. Goddard, late master of Clare Hall. But Mr. Masters thinks there
is no foundation for the opinion, and for many reasons he is, probably,
right.
Mr. Masters, (in his preface,) who composed Baker's Life, principally
from materials collected by Dr. Zachary Grey, and left to him for that
purpose, charges Mr. Cole with having made some unfair, unauthorized
use of them; for it seems he also intended to have published a life of
Baker. What use Mr. Cole has made of them I know not, never hav-
ing perused his papers on that subject. But I speak from the best au-
thority, when I say, Mr. Masters is not correct in his intimating (Pref.
to Baker's Memoirs, p. 9.) that the article Baker, in the last edition of the
Biographia Britannica, was chiefly compiled from his MSS. The editor
was Dr. Kippis, between whom and Mr. Gough, (whom he also charges.
with making some unfair use of his MSS.) there was no communication.
The additions, besides those made by Dr. Kippis himself, were commu-
nicated by Mr. Robinson. See Robert Robinson's Life, p. 131. With
respect to other matters, it appears, that Mr. Nichols, Mr. Gough's
friend, was also in possession of some papers, relating to Mr. Baker,
which he purchased of Mr. Burnham, bookseller, in Northampton, in
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
253
Before I touch on more modern times, I must notice
two or three more (just mentioning their principal works):
and I must not pass over Dr. William Cave, author of a
useful and learned work, The Historia Literaria,published in
1688; John Milner, B. D. vicar of Leeds, in Yorkshire,
wrote a Church History of Palestine: Bishop Stilling-
fleet, is well known for his writings against both Papists
and Dissenters. Beveridge, Bishop of Bath and Wells,
published on the Oriental Languages and Chronology, and
various volumes of sermons, with his own private thoughts,
written while he was scholar at Winchester College. Dr.
John Smith was author of a translation of the venerable
Bede, published in 1722. Dr. Needham is known as
editor of Theophrastus's Moral Characters: and Dr.
John Edwards, as a celebrated Arminian divine, who
wrote Theologia Reformata, and a Body of Practical
Divinity. Dr. E. was fellow.
John Gauden, D. D. Bishop of Exeter, in 1660,
and translated to Worcester in 1662, though omitted in
his proper place, must not be passed over: he was scho-
lar of this house, but an author rather of notoriety, than
excellency; reputed by many the author of the famous
Lixwy Cashin, of which, in different languages, there were
printed 50 editions, in one year; and of which Hume
1788. See this matter explained in Literary Anecdotes, vol. ii. under
the article, Dr. Zachary Grey, and again, vol. v. under Mr. Thomas
Baker.
■ The whole title is, Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Historia Literaria,
a Christo Nato usq. ad Seculum xiv. Facili modo digesta, qua de Vita
illorum & Rebus Gestis, de Secta, Dogmatibus, Elogio, Stylo, de Scriptis
genuinis, dubiis, suppositiis, deperditis, Fragmentis, deq. Variis ope
rum Editionibus perspicue agitur. There is an Appendix, by another
hand, bringing it down to 1607.
254
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
says, "Many have not scrupled to ascribe to that book
the subsequent restoration of the royal familya." But
whatever is determined on that work, Gauden wrote some
bombastic pieces; among others, one entitled Iɛga Aanguæ,
Ecclesiæ Anglicana suspiria, The Tears, Sighs, Com-
plaints, and Prayers, of the Church of England; Hier-
aspistes; Funerals made Cordials; and some Sermons ¹.
He died at Worcester, and lies buried in the choir,
where a monument is erected to his memory.
John Newcome, D. D. was chosen Lady Margaret's
professor in 1727, and, on the death of Dr. Lambert,
a Hume inclines to the opinion, that it was not written by Gauden,
induced to it by external evidence, but principally by the inter-
nal, the style and composition of the Einwy Caoiλinn, between which,
and that of Gauden's, he thinks, there is no manner of comparison.
The arguments, on both sides of the question, are stated at large in
Nichols's Anecdotes of Literature of the 18th Century, vol. i. p. 522:
and whichever side.the argument takes, it leaves Gauden an impostor.
If he wrote it, he palmed it on the world for Charles the First's; if not,
he pretended to the merit, and obtained by it his bishopric; though he
had declared against episcopacy, and, it is said, advised Charles II. by
letter to abolish episcopacy in Scotland. Bishop Godwin says of him,
Unde nata suspicio, illum non regis, quam adversariorum partibus
favere et adulari, quam tamen ipse sedulo a se amovere studebat. He is
speaking of his appointment to the deanery of Bocking by the Parlia-
ment. Vid. Godwin. de Præsul. Ang. p. 473.
b In the Notes of Mr. Robinson's translation of Claude's Essay on the
Composition of a Sermon, vol. i. p. 383, he observes," the filthiest
sermon, that I ever read, was preached by the glorious author of Icon
Basilike, Dr. Gauden,” from Jeremiah viii. 11; and truly the specimen
produced is enough to make a bale man turn sick.
c There is a curious account of Bishop Gauden, in Nash's History of
Worcestershire, who inclines to the opinion of Hume, that Icon Basi-
like was not written by Gauden, but Charles I. and leaves to the former
only the merit of being a deceiver.-Hist. of Worcestershire, vol. ii.
P. 158.
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
255
master of this college. He wrote, I understand, some
Notes for Dr. Grey's Hudibras, which were, however,
not inserted, and published a few single sermons: but I
suspect, for I never saw them, he is less to be admired
for what he published, than censured for what he sup-
pressed; for it was Dr. N. who caused Baker's account
of this college to be suppressed, when it was in con-
templation to have it published.
Thus far we have seen our Lady Margaret to be the
fruitful mother of many children; nor has she, as we ap-
proach nearly to the memory of man, been less produc-
tive.
Thomas Rutherforth, D. D. was eminent in his day,
and Regius Professor of Divinity in 1756: he published
several books on morals, mathematics, and divinity, the
principal of which was, his “Ordo Institutionum Physi-
carum." He was a strenuous asserter of the doctrine of
the Trinity, and of subscription to the 39 Articles, in op-
position to the Unitarians. He took his S. T. P. de-
gree in 1745, and died in 1771.
John Taylor, L. L. D. was a learned critic in Greek
literature, editor of Demosthenes, and who first brought
Lysias a out of his great obscurity into public notice. He
was also skilled in the civil law, and published, at Cam-
bridge, a work of some celebrity, Elements of Civil Law,
He was the confidential friend of Mr. Jeremiah Mark-
a First published at Cambridge, in 4to. 1748. The notes of Wolfius
are intermixed with those of Taylor's and Markland's. But Dr. Taylor
did not live to complete his work: so that only the first volume was pub-
lished.
b Qui auctorem, nulli ex vetustis ingenii aut styli laude cedenteın, ex-
latebris (delituit enim fere ad oblivionem) atq. ex situ produxerim
Præf. ad Lysiam.
256
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
land, the critic, and Dr. Askew, the collector of Greek
books and MSS. To the former he is indebted, in his
Notes on Demosthenes and Lysias, and being much be-
nefited by the MSS. of the latter, he bequeathed to him
many valuable printed books, with his own notes and
MSS. These were disposed of at Dr. Askew's sale, and
most of them purchased for our Universty-library, where
they are now deposited; among which are his Elements
on the Civil Law, with his own notes, and Homer's Odys-
sey, with the neglected ancient Greek letter, called the
Aeolic Digamma, to the three first books. The notes
and MSS. of Dr. Taylor's own writing, are incredibly
numerous and copious. He took his L. L.D. in 1741,
and died in 1766.
William Samuel Powell, A. B. 1738-S. T. P. 1757,
is well known in the annals of our University-history: he
succeeded Dr. Newcome as master; and was as strict a
disciplinarian in his own college, as he was in the Uni-
versity. He had been a distinguished tutor; to whose
advice it was owing, that Mr. Mason, who was student
here before he went to Pembroke, printed MUSEUS, the
first in the order of his poems. He expresses his respect
for his tutor thus:
There still shall Gratitude her tribute pay
To him, who first approv'd her infant lay,
And fair to Recollection's eyes
Shall Powel's various virtues rise c.
• All his MSS. and printed books, with MS. notes, are distinguished
in the Bibliotheca Askeviana Manuscripta, printed in 1784.
▷ Vide Dawesii Miscellanea Critica, sect, iv.
← Necrology, p. 229.
',
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
257
!
Dr. Powel was a great disciplinarian in his college, and
aimed to be one in the University. This appears from a
volume of his sermons, published after his death by Dr.
Balguy; particularly by his sermon in favour of sub-
scription to the 39 Articles: he was, however, thought to
be over-rigid; which I mention, without meaning to im-
peach either his sincerity or ability; he was allowed by
those, who differed from him, to possess much of both;
and one of his greatest admirers admits he was severe ª.
a
Dr. Powel's discourses alluded to above, were pub-
lished in 1776, with his life prefixed by Dr. Balguy: he
also published two or three single sermons, with one or
two other pieces. Besides his oppositions to Dr. Jebb
and Mr. Tyrwhitt, in the University, on the subject of
subscription, he was one of the writers who engaged in
the controversy on the Confessional. His famous ser-
mon is entitled, a Defence of Subscription required in
the Church of England; a Sermon preached before the
University, on the Commencement Sunday, 1757.-Dr.
Powel died in 1775.
a" Indeed," says Mr. Cole, "he was a man of a rugged and severe
discipline; but virtuous, learned, and by no means beloved. As he
was a strict disciplinarian, so he was by nature positive and obstinate,
and never to be beat out of what he had once got into his head."”
Cole's MSS. as inserted in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes,
vol. i. p. 575.
Dr. Powel was as rigid against Trinitarians as Unitarians, if they did
uot fall into his notions of discipline; as appeared in the case of Mr.
Rowland Hill, whose testimonials he refused to sign, though he pro-
fessed, that he believed the 39 Articles, and was quite prepared to sub-
scribe them. Vol. i. p. 575.
VOL. II.
$
1
258
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
Francis Okely, A. B. 1739, appears never to have
taken his A. M. probably from some scruple of con-
science, for though a friend to the established church, he
went early among the Moravians: he visited their settle-
ments in Nisky, in Upper Lusatia, and though reckoned
a good classical scholar, wrote to the INSPECTOR", the
Rev. Christian Theodore Zembsch, recommending the
Introduction of the Fathers, instead of Heathen Greek;
he at length settled as minister of a congregation of Mo-
ravians at Northampton.
:
But the Moravians considered Mr. Okely as a disciple of
his own school, not strictly of theirs at Northamp-
ton, Mr. O. had a printing-press at his own house,
and various little pieces, of a mystical kind, issued from
it, of which the principal were, the Divine Visions of
John Engelbrecht, a Lutheran protestant, whom God
sent from the Dead to be a Preacher of Repentance and
Faith to the Christian World, 2 volumes; Memoirs of
the Life, Death, Burial, and wonderful Writings of Ja-
cob Behmen; Dawnings of the everlasting Gospel-light.
Some of his pieces are little twopenny copies of verses, in
blue paper: but Mr. O. seems to have been proud of his
college, always putting in the title-page, by Francis Oke-
ly, formerly of St. John's College.
One publication of Mr.O.'s is of more promise, and
from a better school; the Greek translation of some of the
Psalms of David, by Serranus, with a Latin version:
a The ETIσxows of the Moravian Synod.
b Serranus was a Frenchman, who published an edition of Plato,
highly commended by Henry Stephens: it is in 3 splendid volumes, fo-
lio. Of his Greek translation of the Psalms, Duport, who published
himself a Greek translation of David's Psalms, in verse, says, Si to-
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
259
it is accompanied with Henry Stephens's famous Address
to Christian Schoolmasters. These were published in
1770, agreeably to the aim of Mr. O.'s visit to the Mora-
vians' university, which was, to recommend the Fa-
thers, and the sacred poetry of the Jews, in preference
to heathen Greek and Latin; in which, however, he did
not succeed: the Moravians in their university still
continue to read their Greek and Latin authors.
In regard to this gentleman's religious views, they were
midway, between Baron Swedenborg and Jacob Behmen.
He was not considered by the Moravians as one of the
regular ministers of their settlements: he was never or-
dained among them, though they received his ministry,
and greatly respected him as an upright, conscientious
and I have dwelt on him the rather, as being the
only Cambridge man that ever went among the Moravi-
ans, as a minister b.
man;
tüm profecto transtulerit Psalterium, vix aliorum aut ingenio aut in-
dustriæ locum reliquisset; adeo cæteros omnes, meâ quidem senten-
tiâ, in hoc genere metaphraseos excelluit. Præf. ad Metaphrasem
Psalmorum.
This work is accompanied with Greek prayers by Serranus, aud Henrici
Stephani, atq. Græcorum quorundam Lyricorum Poemata Sacra. It is,
indeed, a valuable publication; of Serranus's Metaphrase there is only
another edition, printed by H. Stephens in 1575; and whatever may be
thought of Mr. Okely's other performances, his share of this work (I
mean his Latin Prose Translation, for it has no notes) is very neatly done.
• The Moravians, or Unitas Fratrum, as they call themselves, lay
claim to being a regular Episcopal church, and so were allowed to be by
a committee of the House of Lords, who sat upon this subject in 1749.
Accordingly, if any minister goes over to them from the Episcopal
Church of England, or the Romish Church, they never re-ordain him.
So I am informed by a respectable minister among the Moravians.
$ 2
260
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
John Mainwaring, fellow, was S. T. P. in 1758, and
made Lady Margaret's professor in 1788. He published
a volume of sermons. Samuel Ogden, fellow, S. T. B.
1748, S. T. P. 1753, and appointed Woodwardian pro-
fessor of Mineralogy in 1764. He was an admired
preacher in his day, and published a volume of sermons:
since his death, Dr. Hallifax edited his sermons, in 2 vo-
lumes, 8vo. 1780, with a postscript, defending Dr. O.
from the censure of Mr. Wainwaring, dated July 4,
-1780. John Symonds, fellow, took his A. M. degree
in 1736, his L. L. D. in 1772; in 1771 he was made
professor of modern history. Dr. Symonds published,
Observations upon the Expediency of revising the pre-
sent English Version of the Four Gospels; and they are
made with freedom, yet with liberality.
Theophilus Lindsey (a name in great repute with the
modern Socinians, or Unitarians), fellow, A. M. in
1748, and formerly vicar of Catterick, in Yorkshire: he,
(as well as Mr. Mason, between whom there had sub-
sisted great friendship at college) had been pupils of Dr.
Powel, but he soon turned into another school, and in
1773, having rejected the doctrine of the Trinity, he re-
signed his living, and with it, all prospects of future pre-
ferments, of which, by his connexions with some noble
families, as well as his abilities, and course of studies, he
might have entertained very reasonable expectations.
He left Catterick in 1773. The sermon which he
preached, on leaving his parishioners, was his first
piece published.
Mr. Lindsey next published, " An Apology for re-
signing the Vicarage of Catterick," which was followed
by a "Sequel" to it. On April the 17th, 1774, he open-
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
261
ed a new chapel at Essex House, in Essex Street, Lon-
don, the worship of which was conducted according to
Dr. Clarke's amendment of the liturgy of the established
church. The arrangements made for this form of wor-
ship were conducted much in union with Dr. John Jebbª.
The leading aim of this reformed liturgy (as its advo-
cates call it) is to exclude the worship of a Trinity of per-
sons, and to ascribe Deity alone as a unity to the Fa-
ther. Mr. Lindsey, and his disciples, have chosen to call
themselves rather Unitarians than Socinians, not profess-
ing in all points to follow Socinus; and this is the lead-
ing view in Mr. Lindsey's writings, which are confined
to theology and theological criticism. Of these, the
principal, besides those mentioned, are entitled, The
• Dr. Disney's Life of Dr. Jebb, p. 84, 85.
7
b In the use of names to different parties of professing Christians, no
invidious distinctions are intended, here or elsewhere; but merely spe-
cifications or classifications of religious opinion. Catholic, Papist,
Protestant, Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Unitarian, Trinitarian, Soci.
nian, Methodist, Baptist, Moravian, Quaker, and the like, are term
sometimes used in a sense bordering on contempt or reproach, but no
such sense should be admitted in a work of this kind. Every party has
a right to its own interpretation of doctrine, and will deem that appel-
lation only the proper one, which they give themselves. On the one
hand, “The dispute is hot, whether there be one God or three Gods;
but whether the divinity of Jesus Christ be incompatible with the unity
of God, which unity both sides believe." Robinson's Plea for the Divi-
nity of Christ. On the other hand, those who call themselves peculi
arly Unitarians may not choose to be called Socinians (though they be-
lieve one leading doctrine, in commoy with Socinus), as not being
pledged to believe all that Socinus, and the Fratres Poloni believed.
But religion has been treated like a watch, pulled to pieces by unskilful
hands, nor can any art, eren in idea, put it together again, but
one, which is, that of paying a sort of affectionate deference to the opi-
nions of others, and in this sepse, loving and honouring all men.
•
262
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
Catechist, or an Inquiry concerning the only true God;
an Historical View of the State of the Unitarian Doc-
trine and Worship; Vindicia Priestleianæ; an Address
to the Students of Oxford and Cambridge; an Examina-
tion of Mr. Robinson's Plea for the Divinity of Christ;
Conversations on Christian Idolatry; and Conversations
on the Divine Government, shewing that every thing is
from God, and for good to all. Mr. Lindsey died Nov.
3, 1808, aged 86.
Since his death have been published Sermons, with
appropriate Prayers annexed, in 2 volumes, and the Rev.
Mr. Belsham, the present minister of Essex Street cha-
pel, has published (in 1812) "Memoirs of the late Rev.
Theophilus Lindsey, addressed to Richard Reynolds,
Esq. of Paxton, Mr. Lindsey's earliest pupil, and
through life his intimate and chosen friend."
David Simpson, student, took his A. M. degree in
1772: while in college, he was understood to favour the
principles of Mr. Berridge, which were those of the
Methodists, and afterwards preached them at Maccles-
field, in Cheshire, having been minister of Christ Church
in that town, for many years.
During this time, he published various books; on the
Prophecies; Scripture Biography; an Essay on the Au-
thenticity of the New Testament, in Answer to Volney
and Evanson. His last is entitled, A Plea for Religion
and the Sacred Writings, addressed to the Disciples of
Thomas Paine, and wavering Christians of every Deno-
mination, 1808. This volume is accompanied with two
remarkable appendices; one relating to reformation, more
particularly in reference to the church establishment; the
other, to his own withdrawing from the established
church, and "renouncing a situation which, on many ac-
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
263
?
counts, had been extremely eligible." Mr. Simpson's
reasons for receding were not the same as those of Mr.
Lindsey; he believed the doctrine of the Trinity, the di-
vinity of Christ, and of Justification by Faith; or, as he ex-
presses it," the General Doctrines of the Church he very
much approved and admired." I do not propose entering
upon his particular objections; but I persuade myself, as he
every where expresses himself partially towards the Me-
thodists, and his way of considering subjects bears so
close a resemblance to what he admired in that people,
he could not, were he alive, disapprove being ranked in
that number. Mr. Simpson, it seems, did not live to put
his designs in execution.
Some account has been given of Mr. Horne Tooke's
Diversions of Purley, in our history of the literature of
the University; so the less will be expected here.
Mr. Tooke (then Mr. Horne) was student of this col-
lege, and took his A. B. degree in 1758, his A. M. in
1771. For some time he was vicar of Brentford in Mid-
dlesex, but soon resigned his living, and applying himself
to the law, became a student of the Inner Temple., His
acquaintance with subjects relating to the common law of
England was allowed to be considerable, and in two or
three smaller works published by him, he shewed great
acuteness. Having, however, been in holy orders, the
benchers of the Temple over-ruled his being called to the
bar.
Still, we are not to look for Mr. Tooke among
theologians; nor was it discreditable to disclaim the
fruits, when the labour grew irksome, nor to cease to
profess what he did not believe. We must look then
Plea, &c. p. 232.
264
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
upon him, as a Collins, Machiavelli, Hobbes, or
Lockesb
Mr. Tooke died at Wimbledon, in Surrey, in 1812.
!
•
2 Mr. Philip Mallet dedicates his edition of Hobbes's Treatise of Hu-
man Nature, and of that on Liberty and Necessity, published in 1812,
to Mr. Tooke, saying, "And surely the philosopher of Malmes-
bury has a natural claim to the notice and the recommendation of the
philosopher of Purley." But there are few writers who ought to be
more read with a distinguendum est, than Hobbes; and none more ig-
norantly abused-by persons who never looked into their writings, than
Hobbes and Machiavelli; and in classing Tooke with Collins, Machia-
velli, Hobbes, and Locke, his friends may be sure I mean no disrespect
to his memory.
b I have somewhere in this work quoted Mr. Tooke's severe passage,
"the very term metaphysic being nonsense," &c. Diversions of Pur-
ley, part i. ch. 9, p. 399. I had in my mind, at the time, a recollec-
tion of his distinction; but as every reader may not, I shall quote Mr.
Tooke's own words, with Mr. Mallet's pertinent reflections. "Yet he
(Tooke) has himself used it as a term of great force-has explained its
meaning—and has given, in his own works, the highest example of the
science-for he confesses his own notions of language were formed be-
fore he could account etymologically for any of the words in question,
or was the least acquainted with the opinions of others, or knew even
the characters of the language, from which his proofs were to be
drawn." It was general reasoning a priori that led me to the particular
instances, not particular instances to the general reasoning." Ch. vii.
122, 132.
And he observes again, "that the misapprehension of the nature and
use of abstract terms has caused a false morality, and an obscure (be-
cause a mistaken) metaphysic, which etymology alone can dissipate."
Part ii. ch. ii. p. 18. ch. vi. p. 458.
"But the importance rises higher, when we reflect upon the applica-
tion of words to metaphysics, and when I say metaphysics, you will be
pleased to remember, that all general reasoning, all politics, law, mo-
rality, and divinity, are merely metaphysical.”—Ch. iv. p. 121.
See the Preface to Mr. Phillip Mallet's Analytical Abridgment of
Locke's Essay concerning Human Understanding, p. 16.
£
-

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.......
LORD BUCKHURST.
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ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
265
His Memoirs, interspersed with Original Anecdotes, were
published in 1813, by Alexander Stephens, Esq.
But we have been occupied a long while on subjects
serious and multifarious, and to me, on several accounts,
they are become affecting: so, if the reader's head does
not ache, mine does. Satis diu hoc jam Saxum volvo.
I have, then, reserved another poet's corner-which may
amuse us for a moment; and yonder are walks, and
groves, and gardens, into which we have not as yet
walked.
O dulces lachrymæ, queis mollia pectora pascit
Sanctus amor, cellis dulcior, Hybla, tuis.
Quis credat? Præter solitum mihi dulcis amaror
Et sapit, et dulci est parta labore quies.
To our poetical writers already mentioned, may be
added, Thomas Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, Earl of Dor-
set; Edward Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford; Mr. Thomas
Nash; the unfortunate Mr. Thomas Otway,, the writer
of tragedies; Mr. William Mason, and Mr. Henry
Kirke White: I could also mention one of my own early
friends, who touched the true lyric strings, and his name
too was Collins ;-but, leaving college, he abandoned
poetry, for pursuits which more interested him, and now
both as to poetry and preaching-lingua silet.
With respect to the building, and groves, and gardens,
about this college, I am reminded, by the writings of
Mr. Cole, "that in the time of Dr. Powel, Feb. 1773,
the college had agreed to set about two expensive works;
the new casing of the first court with stone, and laying
out their gardens, under the direction of the celebrated
Mr. Brown, who told them, tha 'heir plan would cost
"
·
-
•
.
266
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
!
i
them at least 8001. and that Dr. Powel said, if they
thought proper to apply and open a subscription, he
would begin it, and set it a-going with a donation of
5001. and that accordingly he subscribed that sum imme-
diately a." I suppose, therefore, we may behold the
fruits of this subscription on the southern side of the first
court, which is the only part that was new cased, and
the gardens, groves, and other improvements about this
college.
After contemplating the Gothic, lofty air of the middle
court, and, by help of Mr. Gray's muse,
Foremost and bending from her golden throne,
The venerable Margaret seen-.
I would direct my traveller by what is called the Water
Staircase to the back part of the college. I have indeed
already observed, that Cam moves, not over-graciously,
directly under those walls; but we cannot alter his
course: so, passing over yon elegant stone bridge, you
may be pleased, in ranging down those winding walks,
which so agreeably skirt the Cam, or those long straight
walks, adorned with lofty elms, conducting to the fellows'
garden. Here you may rest yourself, and take out your
Mason, and amuse yourself with his English Garden; or
you may see the fellows play at bowls, and then, proceed-
ing to the western side of the road, be gratified with the
new plantations made by the Society; and taking in your
view the whole extent of buildings and grounds, you will
find something has been done here--you will behold no-
thing, indeed, but what is natural to the place-nothing but
* See the extract in Nichols's Anecdotes of Literature, vol. i. p. 576.
J
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
267
what is well adapted to the outlet of a majestic college of
students—and you should not look for more, but go away
satisfied with D'Ermenonville's Reflection-" It is not
then as an architect or a gardener, but as a poet, à
painter, that landscape must be composed, so as at
once to please the understanding and the eye "."
a "
But before our traveller quite leaves this college, he
should be introduced to two persons distinguished both as
statesmen and as writers: they ought to have been intro-
duced before. But I find (I speak on the authority of
Mr. Robert Smyth's MS.) that Dudley Lord North,
Knight of the Bath, author of Essays on Religious Sub-
jects, in Prose and Verse; and Francis Lord Guildford,
Lord Keeper, one of his sons, and very eminent in the
profession of the law, and, besides what he wrote relating
to his own profession, author of a paper on the Gravita-
tion of Fluids, contained in the Bladders of Fishes, and a
Philosophical Essay on Music, were both of this college.
The former died in 1677, the latter in 1685.
• Essay on Landscape.
. .
[ 268 ]
i
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
+
WE have here an instance presented to us, of transfor-
mation on transformation,
In nova fert animas mutatas dicere formas
Corpora.-
This is the only college on the north side of the Cam.
In former times there was, in this place, an hostle, or hall,
of different fraternities of monks, of the Benedictine or-
der, who, coming from the once celebrated monasteries of
Ely, Ramsey, and Walden, were united for literary pur-
poses, by the authority of Pope Benedict IX. in 1130.
Before this it had been a religious house, under the name
of the priory of St. Giles's, but whose canons went, under
the patronage of Pagan Peveral, baron of Brune, in
Cambridgeshire, to reside at Barnewell, which then took
the name of Barnewell Priory. This occurrence is dated
by Caius 1112.
These hostles were afterwards bought by Edward Staf-
ford, Duke of Buckingham, who began to form here a
plan of a more regular college, which, though it was not
completed, nor endowed by him, was called after him, as
the original founder, Buckingham College, or Hall.
This Edward was the eldest son of Henry, Duke of
Buckingham, who had been attainted by Richard III.

1

UorM
BHEMFARIC
Drawn Eng by ICraig
Magdelen College.
Published for the Propriera by Longman & Paternoster Raw, Jan 21824-
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
269
*
The father was the first who planned the elevation of
Henry VII. to the crown, and fell a victim in the Lan-
castrian cause. Henry therefore, out of gratitude to
the father, restored the son to the fortunes and dignities of
his family. His wealth was great; he was Lord of Bre-
chin, and Holderness, and privy counsellor to the King.
From this hall, as its first fruits, went Sir Robert Reade,
afterwards chief justice of England, of whom notice has
already been taken, among the benefactors of Jesus Col-
lege. He was afterwards fellow of King's Hall, and
founded lectures in the University, with proper salaries, on
philosophy, and lectures on Terence: and Cranmer con-
tinued, after his retirement from Jesus College, to give
lectures here.
Next followed Thomas, Baron Audley of Walden, who
became patron of this college, and, according to Arch-
bishop Parker, by articles of agreement entered into on
the 3d of April, in the thirty-fourth year of Henry VIII.
settled one master and eight fellows. But it seems he
died soon afterwards, and the rents, according to Caius,
were not sufficient for that number of fellows; which will
account for that less number of fellows, as stated by Car-
ter, and not contradicted by Smyth.
These rents issued out of tenements and lands, which
had belonged to the priory of the Holy Trinity in Lon-
don. By the appointment of Sir Thomas Audley, the
founder, the mastership, and visitorship, were vested in
himself and proprietors of the monastery of Walden;
and they, accordingly, still continue in the Audley family,
in Essex.
Sir Thomas Audley is he of whom it was said, "Essex
bred him to that honour which his ancestors lost; Henry
,
+
*
!
270
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
loved a man ;—his fair estate brought him to the court;
his proficiency in the law, to the Temple; his reading upon
the statute of privileges recommended him to the king's
service; his speaking for the prerogatives in parliament
brought him to the king's favour," and thus he made his
way: "for noble service, as the same writer observes,
"is the way to the royal onea." He became steward to
the Duchy of Suffolk, and attorney to that of Lancas-
ter. When Sir Thomas More was called to serve the
king in the House of Lords, Sir Thomas Audley suc-
ceeded him as speaker in the House of Commons: he
contrived always to keep in favour with the king, nor
less with his queens: he was a great statesman; a polite
courtier, a consummate politician; "the most dexterous
and passable, rather than the wisest or greatest man of
his age: he could please the humour of the king, where
Sir Thomas More failed; when the former resigned the
seals, the latter was prepared to take them: his rule was
to believe no doctrine but what the law established, con-
cluding that church and state had more knowledge than
himself; and when Cromwell attacked popery by power,
Audley was for weakening it by policy:" to him was
well addressed-
•
"Treasure of arms and arts, in whom were set
The mace and books, the court and college met,
Yet both to serve, that in that mingled throng
They both comply, and yet goes neither wrong."
Lloyd's Statesmen and Favourites of England.
Ibid.
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
271
*
His college was incorporated 1542, and called after
St. Mary Magdalen. Mr. Parker, with the same
breath, says, the name of Magdalen, vulgarly in Eng-
lish pronounced M'Audley-n, contains the founder's
name, with the addition of the one letter, at the end,
and one at the beginning: this would be a worse conceit
than that of Trinity, which, according to Fuller, had a
reference to the three houses, out of which it was com-
posed.
The endowment was enlarged by other benefactors,
conspicuous among whom were Sir Christopher Wray,
lord chief justice, who had been educated at this col-
lege: he settled on it lands to a considerable amount;
his widow, Ann Wray, who founded two fellowships;
Archbishop Grindall, a scholarship for the best profi-
cient in literature, of a school in Cumberland, founded
by him; Mr. W. Roberts three; Mr. John Spendlove
two more, and one fellowship; Frances, Countess of
Warwick, and daughter of Sir Christopher Wray, one
fellowship and a scholarship. There have been also
other benefactors, among whom we must not forget
their royal benefactor, Hen. VIII. who founded two fel-
lowships, and gave the college 201. per annum.
It may be just mentioned, that the daughter and heir-
ess of the founder, though not as I recollect a benefac-
tress to the college, was mother of that Earl of Suffolk,
chancellor to the University in James the First's reign,
who to the public orator, after he had addressed his
lordship in Latin, made this memorable reply:—
"Though I understand not Latin, I know the sense
of your oration is to tell me, that I am welcome to you;
which I believe verily. I thank you for it heartily, and
272
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
:
will serve you faithfully in any thing within my power":"
and he accordingly obtained for the University the ho-
nour of a visit from James I.
The following are a few of their distinguished writers.
Lord Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, heir to the
founder of Buckingham Hall: he translated two of
Erasmus's Latin Epistles to Luther, and Bishop Fox's
work (written in Henry VIIIth's reign), De vera diffe-
rentia Regalis Potestatis et Ecclesiastica. He died in
1551.
Nicholas Carre, A. M. afterwards L. L. D. translated
into Latin some parts of Demosthenes: he was master
of this college, but displaced by Queen Elizabeth in
1559.
Brian Walton, Bishop of Chester: he was the edi-
tor of the famous work, Biblia Polyglotta, or Polyglot
Bible, in four volumes, folio, and a work against Dr.
Owen, and the Independents. He died in 1661.
Sir Robert Sawyer, author of Pleadings and Argu-
ments in the Court of King's Bench: he was attorney-
general, and died in 1688.
John Northleigh, of Exeter, M. D. was fellow of
this college, and distinguished himself by various writ-
ings against the Independents and Presbyterians.
Mr. Sadler was distinguished as an oriental scholar
and historian: he was author of a work entitled, The
Rights of the Kingdom, &c. touching the Duty and
Power of our Kings and Parliaments.
Dr. Duport, prior to Joshua Barnes, was Greek
professor, and, like him, a great writer of Homerics,
author of the Gnomologia Homeri, and translator of
• The Statesmen and Favourites of England, p. 568.
1
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
273
the English Liturgy into Greek: he was also one of the
translators of King James's Bible. He was master of
this college.
William Howell, L. L. D. was author of a well-
known work, entitled, Medulla Hist. Anglicanæ.
Richard Cumberland, made Bishop of Chester at the
Revolution, author of a confused, but learned work, de
Legibus Naturæ, which has been methodized and translated
into English by his chaplain a. It is directed against the
principles of Mr. Hobbes. He likewise wrote Sancho-
niathon, which is an attempt to reconcile the fragments
of Phoenician history, ascribed to Sanchoniathon, with
the Mosaic account. He was a retired, studious man,
and when 80 years old, learned the Coptic language, in
order to read Dr. Wilkins's Coptic New Testament,
printed from the Bodleian MSS. at the Clarendon press,
in 1716. He lived to be able to read a considerable part
of it: so that Cato, of whom Cicero records that he
learned Greek, when 60 years old, was nothing to
Bishop Cumberland.
Among the ejected loyalists, were two persons of
eminence in their day; one was Dr. Rainbow, master,
who, though not ejected with the rest, was set aside in
1650, for not taking the engagement: he was, however,
afterwards reinstated. He was considered a learned tu-
tor, and was Dean of Peterborough: being afterwards
made Bishop of Carlisle, he resigned his mastership.
The other was Richard Ferenchief, fellow, A. M. af-
terwards D. D. He was ejected from his fellowship,
and never returned to it; but obtained considerable pre-
ferment in the church, after the Restoration. He was
• A Life of Bishop Cumberland is prefixed.
VOL. II.
T
274
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
author of a discourse, entitled, Toleration and Indul-
gence not justified, written against the presbyterians: he
also edited the works of King Charles I. and wrote his
life. He died in 1673".
There were also some persons of eminence, who suffered
for non-conformity by the Bartholomew act; among
whom was Francis Talents, A. M. who had been senior
fellow of this college. He had travelled much, and on
his return was made tutor, and ordained by the classical
presbytery in 1648. He was a moderate man, and dis-
posed to make advances at the Restoration; but disap-
proving the measures taken at that time, he resigned his
living in 1662, and during his life always kept St. Bar-
tholomew's day, as a day of humiliation. According to
Dr. Calamy, though a puritan, he approved of occa-
sional conformity, for Christian love, but not for self-in-
terest. He died April 11, 1708, in the 89th year of his
age.
:
Mr. Talents was author of two or three treatises, re-
lating to his favourite subject of Christian moderation :
he was author also of a singularly curious and learned
work of Chronological Tables, from Adam to the year
1680. It is finely engraven in 16 copper-plates, and
was worked at his own house. It is more on the plan of
Bellarmine's Chronologia Brevis, than Dr. Priestley's
Chart, which follows the French. There is a portrait of
Mr. Talents in the second volume of the Non-conformist's
Memorial, and an account of him in vol. 3 of the
a There is no notice of Dr. Ferenchiefe in the Querela Canta-
brigiensis; but an ample account of all the loyalists ejected from
this College may be seen in Dr. Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy.
↳ Dr. Blair's are on this plan, with some improvements.
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
275
a
same work ª. Francis Talents had been first scholar of
Peter House.
John Slater held the vicarage of Chatteris, in the Isle
of Ely, which, on refusing to take the state oaths, he
relinquished. He was author of the original Draught of
the Primitive Church, against a book of the Lord Chan-
cellor King's for the Presbyterian Government; which,
according to Mr. Smyth, was generally said to have con-
verted the lord chancellor to episcopacy.
Anthony Annesley, Earl of Anglesea, had been a fel-
low of this college. He published an edition of Catul-
lus, Tibullus, and Propertius, which was first begun by
Mr. Bankes.
John Johnson, A. M. was editor of Puffendorff de
Officio Hominis et Civis juxta Legem Naturalem, cum
Notis; and was engaged in a former edition of Stephens's
Thesaurus.
Dr. Daniel Waterland was first fellow, and afterwards
master of this college, famous, in his day, as a theologi-
cal controversialist on the Trinity. He wrote the learned
Critical History of the Athanasian Creed: he was also
admired as a preacher, and rose to considerable rank in
the church. He died at Twickenham, in 1740, and
was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. His life
was written by the Rev. Jeremiah Seed.
Henry Coventry, Esq. a writer of a very different
* The title of these tables, as given by Mr. Talents, is as follows:
"Veritati sacrum, quæ ut colentibus, magis intuitu, quantum fieri po-
test, clare innotescat, tabulis hisce Chronographicis præstare annixus
est
Francis Talents,
olim Coll. Mag. Cant. Socius.
·
T 2
276
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
character, had been fellow of this college, and was au-
thor of the Epistle of Philemon to Hydaspes, and of
Pompey the Little, or the Adventures of a Lap-Dog.
He died in 1753.
Edward Waring was a distinguished mathematician,
considered the greatest algebraist that Cambridge ever
produced. His famous work, entitled Meditationes Al-
gebraicæ, is said to exceed the grasp of very able mathe-
maticians. He wrote, likewise, Miscellanea Analytica de
Equationibus Algebraicis et Curvarum Proprietatibus;
and a curious metaphysical work, which he circulated
only among his friends a. He was born in 1735, took
his A. M. degree in 1760, his M. D. in 1767. In 1759
he was made Lucasian professor, when but twenty-five
years of age.
Dr. Peter Peckard was the author of the Life of Ni-
cholas Ferrar, in which he was assisted by some uncon-
nected papers, which were left among the unfinished
writings of Mr. Peck, of whom more hereafter.
He
Dr. Peckard also published some single sermons.
was a zealous whig in his political principles, one of the
petitioning clergy, and appears to have been a particular
friend of Archdeacon Blackburne. One of Dr. Peck
ard's tracts is on the Intermediate State, which gave
great offence to Archbishop Secker. He appears to
have taken no other degree at Cambridge, but that of
S.T.P. which he had per literas regias. He was master
of this college.
b
The present state of this society is as follows: the
founder provided for a master, and four fellows. The
a An Essay on the Principles of Human Knowledge.
•
b See Mr. Peckard's NARRATIVE, in the Appendix to the Life of Arch-
deacon Blackburne, prefixed to his works.
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
277
bye-fellowships are 13, which are all open, except two.
The foundation fellows must all proceed B. D. in the
due order of graduating. One of these is a travelling
fellowship, worth more than 100l. a year. This may be
held for nine years, but was appropriated by the founder,
the Rev. Mr. Drury, to Norfolk men. To this fellowship
the master appoints, who also possesses some other pe-
culiar prerogatives. Two of the bye-fellowships may be
given by him to gentlemen not in orders: to all the
others is attached an obligation to take orders after three
years, "si ita magistro placuit." He possesses, also,
the patronage of the vicarage of Steeple Ashton, Wilt-
shire, but with a proviso, that he prefers to it one of the
fellows.
The building retains no vestige of the ancient priory,
though there is a spot, which still goes by the name of
the Monks Corner; and the whole site reminds us of the
old monasteries, which in England we find to have been
more commonly on the side of rivers; and the adjacent
terrace, meadows, walks, and gardens, are very plea-
sing, exhibiting a character of stillness and monastic se-
clusion.
Nor is the site uninteresting to the antiquary. We
have already seen, that the old British town lay on this
side of the river, and near this was a Roman station :
here, too, was the principal residence of the Saxon inha-
bitants; and here, in its castle, William, the Norman,
once lodged his army; and its elevation is, at least for as-
pect, more agreeable and commanding, for a large town:
Cambridge now (on the south side of the Cam) is every
where low. Antiquaries have amused themselves, and
may still amuse themselves, with remains of Roman anti-
1
*
278
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
quities; they have found Roman coins, the ruins of a
Norman castle, and a round Danish mound of earth, now
called the Castle Hill. It is most worthy of observation,
that none of the ancient hostles, or inns for scholars, were
on the northern side of the river; and the only religious
house of which we have any account here, was that of
St. Giles's Priory, the present site of Magdalen Col-
lege. Indeed, the erecting of religious houses and hos-
tles on the southern side, will account for the spread of
the town on that side. Dr. Caius may lead the antiquary
more northward, towards Girton, and more southward,
towards Grantchester, and point out to him evidences of
great antiquity. Among other monuments dug up on
this north side of the river, Mr. Parker mentions gigantic
bones, which he had seen. We cannot account always
for the wonderful things seen by antiquaries: so I form
no conjecture about them: but on this spot there is cer-
tainly much that has repaid the research of antiqua-
ries.
This college consists of two small courts, which have
a neat college look; the outer contains the master's lodge,
chapel, and apartments for fellows and students. Over
the gateway of the portico of the western court are the
arms of Lord Audley, the second founder: in the front
of the eastern, over the Pepysian library, those of the
Pepys family. The north side of the western court has
been lately faced with Roman Cement, and the chapel
been put into elegant order. Over the altar is a plaster of
Paris of the two Maries, after the Resurrection, in alto-
relievo, by Collins. The whole court, I understand, is to
be faced, in like manner, with the Roman Cement, an ex-
* Hist. Cant. Acad. Lib. i. 7, 8.
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
279
pensive way of casing, but which is proportionably neat
and elegant. In the hall between the courts are three
portraits, one of the venerable Bishop Cumberland.
The eastern court presents the Pepysian library; on
each side of which are also chambers for students. The
building is raised on arcades, supported by small co-
lumns, without architrave, frize, and cornice, being of
the Tuscan order. This order should express plain-
ness and strength, and there are decorations on this build-
ing which seem not to comport well with that style. I
am speaking now from recollection, being at present
away from the spot; and am not sure there is not a mix-
ture of the Ionic here: at all events, the busts seem to
me out of place, belonging rather to the interior, than
the exterior of a public library.
Among the portraits about this college, there is one of
the first founder, the Duke of Buckingham, which is an
original, and reckoned a good one. It is by Houbraken,
was given by Mr, B. Willis, and has on it this inscrip-
tion;
Edwardus Dux Buckingamie, ætatis suæ 42.
The Pepysian library claims our particular attention.
This library, then, was bequeathed to Magdalen by
Samuel Pepys, Esq. formerly of this college: he was
author of a work, deemed of great importance to the
country, entitled, the History of the Navy, and one of
our first collectors of old English books. He was presi-
dent of the Royal Society, secretary to the Admiralty, in
Charles II. and James the II.d's reign, and died in 1702,
leaving his curious collection of old English books and
280
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
prints to this college, together with money, to construct
an edifice to receive them.
A few of the more remarkable and valuable articles in
this collection are fac-similes of the hand-writing of emi-
nent persons, with whom Mr. Pepys held correspond-
ence, together with the fragments of the hand-writing of
many distinguished persons for several years back; some
of his own compositions in MS. on maritime affairs;
many fine engravings, of which those accounted the most
curious are the 12 Cæsars and their wives, from original
paintings by Titian, and engraved by Sadlier. But the
most curious of all, and perhaps the most valuable, are,
two collections of old poetry; one, of old English ballads,
amounting to 2000, in five volumes folio, begun by Sel-
den, and brought down, by Mr. Pepys, to the year 1700;
the other, is a collection of Scottish poetry, called the
Maitland collection, consisting of poems by Gawen
Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, Dunbar, Lindsay, Drum-
mond, James I. and several others, known and unknown:
this latter consists of two volumes. The first volume, a
folio, was copied by himself, Sir Rich. Maitland; the
other in quarto, being his own composition, with some
older poems, by other authors, was written, according as
Sir Richard, being old and blind, dictated, by his daugh-
ter, The MS. collection of English poems is the best to
be found in any library in England; and the Scottish col-
lection better than any in Scotland, not excepting that
made by Mr. George Bannatyne, in the Advocate's li-
brary, in Scotland.
* This valuable collection was made by Mr. George Bannatyne, one
of the Canons of the Cathedral Church of Murray, in the middle of
the 16th century, though it was deposited but very lately in the Advo-
cate's Library.
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
281
1
Bishop Percy was much indebted to the English col-
lection in his three volumes of English poetry, and Mr.
Pinkerton's two volumes of Scottish is entirely made up
from the Maitland collection. Mr. P. copied them al-、
most all, and such as he deemed the best, were published
by him in 2 volumes, in 1776.
This Sir Richard Maitland, to whom we are indebted
for this valuable collection, was born 1496, and died in
1586. A full account of him and his writings is given by
Mr. Pinkerton, in the first volume of Ancient Scottish
Poems, and in the second, by way of Appendix, is an ac-
count of the whole collection of the two Maitland MSS.
S
#
+
[ 282 ]
TRINITY COLLEGE.
IF the present college may claim the attention of every
curious reader, it might find employment also for the ta-
lents of many assiduous writers. What can be offered in
the space of a few pages might therefore be introduced,
not improperly, by an appeal to the reader's candour:
but with respect to this college, I have been beforehand
with my apology; and as too much of apology may be-
come irksome, so repetitions are generally considered te-
dious; and he who is not disposed to find reasons for can-
dour, from the nature and peculiar circumstances of this
foundation, would not be better disposed, from any thing
that I could say.
The vastness of the subject may be conceived on con-
sidering the many houses, out of which this college was
originally composed, the extent of the present establish-
ment, the names of the many great men by whom it has
been adorned, and the most striking, and, in this country,
unparalleled magnificence of its buildings.
Of the three principal hostles, on the site of which
Trinity College is built, two were considerable colleges
before the present establishment: I have said the three
principal hostles, for it, in fact, embraced the site of se-

Drawn & Eng by Ibrag
Entrance to Trinity College.
Published for the Proprietors, by Longman & Pato
ster Rare Junai
TRINITY COLLEGE.
283
veral others. The site also of Sidney College, which for-
merly was occupied by the public schools, once belonged
to this house; and Sidney College pays an annual rept
for it to Trinity, to the present day.
-
Its founders and benefactors have been kings and
queens; and whatever else is deemed great in this coun-
try; and among its eminent characters is seen a series of
the first men in literature, the fathers of science, who
have enlightened not only this University, but all Europe;
and further, if it possesses many things only in common
with other colleges, it can boast many excellencies pecu-
liar to itself.
There are, perhaps, other considerations which might
dispose a writer to think, on the present occasion, with
modesty, and speak with caution. The variety, which
this college necessarily embraces, seems to preclude any
person from attempting its history, but one of its own
members, possessing the ready use of the archives. By
the late Dr. Mason, well known as an accurate inquirer
into the antiquities of the University, such advantages
were enjoyed; and he, I understand, left many writings
relating to this college. To these others, have been add-
ed, by the late Mr. Hodson; and many similar papers
being now deposited in the archives of the college, when
still further enlarged, may, probably, at some future pe-
riod furnish (as in proper hands they might) materials for
a more regular history of Trinity College, chronologi-
cally regular, nor less biographically interesting and ex-
act, somewhat worthy of the society. But to begin
with the hostles.
Michael House, according to the charter of founda-
tion, was founded by Hervey, sometimes called, inaccu̟-
284
TRINITY COLLEGE.
rately, Henry of Staunton, priest, one of the barons of the
exchequer in Edward IId's reign; having obtained a li-
cence, for the purpose, of the king, and a confirmation
of it under the seal of Hotham, Bishop of Ely, and of
the convent of Ely, A. 1324, in the 18th year of Ed-
ward II. according to Archbishop Parker: to its use, he
assigned the rents and patronage of several rectories, and
it obtained several privileges of Pope Boniface IX.
The other benefactors to this house may be seen in
the several histories of Cambridge.
According to Baker, the statutes were given in 1324,
confirmed in 1397, and the appropriation of St. Mi-
chael's church was given in 1324. It was a house of
great account; and the statutes being the first given to
any college in the University (even before those of Peter
House, as already noticed), are, as Baker observes, on
that account, a great rarity: they may be seen in Ba-
ker's MSS. in the University library of Cambridge,
vol. 31. "But it was a great omission," he adds, " that
no oath was required of the master."
""
King's Hall, Aula Regis, was so called from its foun-
der, Edward III. who, in obedience to the request of his
father, planned the foundation in 1334; though it was
not properly a settled foundation till Oct. 7, 1337.-
Pope Eugenius the IVth gave it the rectory of Chesterton,
• Archbishop Parker's Catalogus Cancellariorum, &c. who follows the
Episc. Eliens:-but it must be the 17th Edw. II. as in the charter of
foundation.
b The king gave a licence to found in quodam messuagio cum perti-
nentibus in Cant. quod sibi in fœudo acquisiverat, quandam domum
scholarium, capellanorum, et aliorum sub nomine domus scholarium în
Cantab. &c. Baker's MSS. Vol. xxxi. p. 152.
1
#
TRINITY COLLEGE.
285
near Cambridge, which rectory being then worth 671.
sterling, had formerly, by the pope's right, been annexed
to the monastery of Versailles, and of which the said pope
had seen reason to deprive a bishop, by whom it had hi-
therto been possessed.
This hall was of the greatest repute in the University,
and pre-eminent as a building; for when King Rich. II.
who was a benefactor, held his court at Cambridge in
1381, it lodged all his court, and in the third year of his
reign he gave the society a body of statutes.
Phiswicke's hostle was the third: this was situated on
the southern side of the present college, and had been the
dwelling-house of a private person, William Phiswick,
Esq. beadle of the University, from whom it derived its
name. But, though the donor was a private person, it
obtained particular distinction: it was settled by charter,
A. 1393, on Gonville Hall; and Pope Alexander the
Vth permitted the scholars to make use of the common
chapel; so that two masters being appointed, one for the
old house, another for the new, the two houses were
coalesced into a society, and became a most respectable
college.
The other hostles were called Gregory's, Oving's,.
Margaret's, Catherine's, Gerard's, and Tyler's, either
from the persons by whom these had been formerly oc-
cupied, or through whom they were appropriated to their
particular purposes. On the dissolution of religious
houses, these several hostles were formed into one grand
´establishment; and from the three principal ones, out of
the funds of which it was endowed, it was dedicated to
the Holy Trinity, being called by the founder Trinity
College. Whether the name had any relation to a coarse
286
TRINITY COLLEGE.
joke of Hen. VIII. on a Trinity, or the joke itself originated
in a fancy of Fuller's, is not worth inquiry: it is said,
that the king, or at least Wolsey, acting under his autho-
rity, gave the first blow to religious houses, by making
one great college of 40 small monasteries a; and besides
the six enumerated here, there may possibly have been
more.
With respect to these three greater hostles, we are to
keep in mind, that as they had their regular successions
of founders, benefactors, bishops, and learned men,
each of them might furnish matter for our attention, as
also the patronage and funds of each, with various other
particulars: but besides that these matters lie remote,
and in proportionable obscurity, they do not so much be-
long to a history of this kind, as to an entire and complete
one, occupied in its rise and progress to its present
state. As to what passed here before the invention of print-
ing, and the revival of literature, and what of their former
members may
lie in MS.-to go into these matters would
be digging too deep; and a detail of mere dates, and
succession to office, would not interest here. Should the
papers of Dr. Mason, and others before alluded to, be
ever formed into a regular history, all such inquiries will,
no doubt, make the matter of consideration; and, for the
present, the reader will please to be satisfied with the few
particulars already stated: so we pass to the royal foun-
der of the present great establishment.
It here should be observed, that the dissolution of abbies
was considered by many a fatal omen in this country, an
eclipse, that foretold a general calamity, the decay of l-
* Lloyd's Statesmen and Favourites of England since the Reformation,
page 7.
1
TRINITY COLLEGE.
287
terature. Henry, therefore, deemed it most necessary to
put himself on the alert, to raise the hopes of England,
and to effect popularity: nor was he,
The majestic LORD,
That burst the bonds of Rome a,
ever at a loss for expedients. He took possession of
the sites, and seized the revenues of the three houses
just mentioned; Michael House, whose annual rents
amounted to 1441. 3s. 1d.; King's Hall, the best
landed institution in the University, and Phiswicke's
Hostle, valued, as already observed, at 31. a year; in
lieu of the latter, he settled on Gonville Hall its
yearly value of three pounds, with a promise of some-
thing still in reserve. These, and other revenues, he set-
tled on his new foundation, and his encouragement of
literature was deemed a sufficient apology for his attack
on superstition.
Henry the VIIIth, it is well known, was that English
king, who, by assuming the title of defender of the faith,
and supreme head of the church of England, seized two
jewels from the triple crown, and placed them on his
own. The power thus assumed, he exercised, we must
allow, in a despotic manner. He was a man of violent
passions, and the most arbitrary principles. He is well
characterized by Bishop Burnet, in reference to the
power with which he was endowed, and the spirit with
which he ruled "as a king with a pope in his belly."
Still he was a patron of literature, and under that cha-
• Gray's Installation Ode.
> Fuller's Hist. of the University of Camb. p. 121.
•
288
TRINITY COLLEGE.
racter performed some actions, not merely plausible, but
extensively useful. The dissolution of monasteries tend-
ed to the liberation of the human mind, to the dispersion
of intellectual light, and the progress of religious liberty.
His bishops were politicians, and as such he made use
of them; still they were learned men: after he had avail-
ed himself of their knowledge of civil and canon law, the
learning of those times, and in which his bishops princi-
pally excelled, he wisely discountenanced the canon. He
encouraged the learned Leland to explore the antiquities
and libraries of this country: he was possessed, also, of
learning himself; and though not much known now as an
author (for kings are, in general, only known as kings),
still he was once praised, both for his verse and his prose,
as being one of the earliest (for we must leave the crown
upon Alfred's head) of our royal authors.
It is superfluous to say more of our founder; and the
great weight of matter that presses upon me, obliges me
to pass over the other benefactors, by referring readers to
those catalogues in our general histories, taking the li-
berty, however, to add, that were I to follow my own
judgment, I should strike one (Dr. Christopherson) out
of the list, if at least Archbishop Parker's account is
true, for to rob Peter to pay Paul, is not to be a benefac-
tora.
* Deinde, cum regina Maria anno domini 1553, regniq. sui primo, eo
amore atq. studio, quo bonas literas assecuta est, prædia trecenta-
rum amplius librarum annuarum Cantabrigiensi academiæ concessisset,
cujusmodi etiam liberalitate Oxoniensem academiam affecit, Joannes
Christophersonus, qui tum ejus Collegii magister fuit, in conficiendis
ejus regiæ donationis instrumentis, cam ab academia a regina mitte-
retur, utrasq, defraudavit; eaq. prædia, quæ totius academiæ regina.
TRINITY COLLEGE.
289
Trinity College was founded in 1540: the charter of
foundation may be seen at large in Rymer's Fœdera; and
the names of the first master, fellows, and many curious
particulars relating to Henry's foundation, are copied
thence into our histories of Cambridge.
From the number of benefactors, from the grandeur
and extent of the buildings, and the present overflow of
students, conclusions will naturally be drawn on the reve-
nues of this house; and its revenues are most certainly
not small: but, if I am rightly informed on its funds,
and of those of a distinguished one at Oxford, those of
Trinity are not so great as might be expected, nor as is
commonly believed; and that college in Oxford-which
is less than Trinity College-Cambridge, is superior to it
in revenues.
So to proceed to our distinguished men-though I must
shorten my work. I shall, as already hinted, defer saying
much of our poets (though the gayest part of the sub-
ject) to a future opportunity, and I have spoken of some
of the principal philosophers in another place; so I shall
be proportionably concise here: what remains, too, must
be brief, nor always in chronological order.
Mr. R. Smyth, so often referred to in this History, has
observed, that Dr. Melton, chancellor of the church of
York, was master of Michael House; a great divine, and
a celebrated preacher, and author of a Commentary on
the Pentateuch and the Epistle to the Hebrews, Pos-
tells on the Prophets, and Sermons; and, if I read my
authority right (the same Mr. Smyth's MS.) they all lie
in MS. But Mr. Smyth has here, I suspect, been mis-
communia esse voluit hujus collegii propria et peculiaria effecit. Ca-
tal. Benefactorum, &c. p. 28, where their memoirs are recorded.
VOL. II.
U
290
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led by the Oxford antiquaryª; for in the list of the masters
of Michael House (see Baker's MSS. Vol. xxxi. p. 160) I
find no such name; so I must give him up. Bishop Fisher,
of whom an account has already been given,and Dr. Mal-
let, translator of Erasmus's Commentary, were all of
this house, having been previously of Michael House,
before it was made part of Trinity.
Cuthbert Tonstall, Bishop of Durham, A. 1530, said
to be one of the translators of Henry the VIIIth's Bible,
was celebrated as a linguist, a mathematician, and di-
vine: he was author of Libri de Eucharistia ; de Arte
Supputandi, et de veritate corporis et sanguinis Christi in
Eucharistia, and died in 1553.
1
Dr. Lancelot Ridley, a commentator on St. Paul's
Epistle, and John Angel, a celebrated popish writer,
both were of the old house of King's Hall.
The following were all of Trinity College.
Sir Edward Coke, lord chief justice of the court of
king's bench, author of Notes upon Littleton's Reports,
&c. considered the oracle of the English law; but he
went further than excellent Fortescue, and rendered too,
great service to Queen Elizabeth. He died 1634.
·
Rich. Cosyn, L. L. D. fellow, dean of the arches, and
chancellor of Worcester, was author of an Apology for
certain Proceedings in Courts Ecclesiastical. Mr.
Smyth thinks, that he also must have been the author of
Ecclesiæ Anglicana Politeia in Tabulas Digesta.
Lord Broke wrote the Life of Philip Sydney, with
whom he was very intimate: he is mentioned as the
founder of a history professor, by which is meant, a
¿
* I have since perceived, that Anthony Wood claims him for Oxford,
b Smyth's MS.
TRINITY COLLEGE.
291
college professor: there having been no professorship of
modern history in this University till one was founded
by George I.
The ill-fated Earl of Essex, besides poetry, published
in prose, Advice to Roger Earl of Rutland, on his Tra
vels, and an Apology for himself against those who
charged him with the only Hindrance of the Quiet of the
Country: had this unfortunate, ingenious man possessed a
little more of his old master's (Whitgift) worldly wisdom,
he had not fallen a martyr: but he was the son of an
amiable, incautious, and unfortunate father. He was
beheaded in 1600.
To the translators of James the First's Bible, mention-
ed by others, may be added the following: Robert
Fighe, D. D. archdeacon of Middlesex: he died in
1616 Mich. Rabbet, B. D. rector of St. Vedast,
Foster Lane, London: he died 1586: Will. Bedwell,
vicar of Tottenham, Middlesex. I understand, from
Smyth's MS. he left many Arabic MSS. to the Univer-
sity, with numerous notes of his own upon them, and a
set of types for printing them: Mr. Harrison, one of
these translators, was fellow, and author of Lexicon
Pente-Glotton.
The William Dawkins, mentioned by Carter, and left
uncorrected by Smyth, as one of King James's trans-
lators of the Bible, should be Dakins a. He was a pro-
fessor, also, of divinity, at Gresham College, being ap-
pointed on the particular recommendation of James I.
and of the University: but I do not find he published
any thing.
• Lives of the Professors of Gresham College, by John Ward, F. R. S.
P. 44.
}
U 2
292
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Philemon Holland was a translator of almost every
thing that came in his way; Livy's Roman History,
Pliny's Natural History, Plutarch's Morals, Ammianus
Marcellinus, Camden's Britannia, Suetonius, &c. till at
length it was said,
Philemon with translations doth so fill us,
He will not let Suetonius be Tranquillus.
Dr. Alabaster not only wrote poetry, but was eminent
as a Hebrew scholar, and possessed a fondness for the
Jewish cabalistic literature: he was author of Lexicon
Penteglotton Hebraicum; he also wrote Roxana, the
tragedy, that was performed in Trinity College Hall.
"He became," to borrow Smyth's language, "a con-
vert to popery, and wrote, while of that faith, Apparatus
in Revelationem Jesu Christi: but he was reconverted to
protestantism, and died a bona-fide episcopalian, in
1640."
Dr. Pell was distinguished both as a linguist and ma-
thematician, though his mathematical knowledge, it
seems, was imparted to foreign parts, he being mathe-
matical professor at Amsterdam. Probably, however,
he only taught there occasionally: for, according to
Smyth, he was rector of Lavingdon, Essex. He wrote
Controversia cum Christiano Longomanto, de vera Cir-
culi Mensura; an Idea of Mathematics; and a Table of
10,000 Square Numbers. He died 1685.
William Walker, B. D. was a grammarian, author of
the Treatise of English Particles, an Explanation of
Lily's Grammar, and English Examples of the Latin
Syntax: he wrote, also, the Modest Plea for Infant Bap-
tism.
+
TRINITY COLLEGE.
293
Walter Travers, B. D. a learned puritan, who, with
Dr. Cartwright, already mentioned under St. John's,
wrote so strenuously on Church Government, was fellow
of this house, and became afterwards provost of Trinity
College, Dublin: he wrote, also, a Declaration of Ecclesi-
astical Discipline, and the Decline of the Church of
England from the same. Against these, as well as against
Cartwright's Platform, Hooker directs all the weight of
his ecclesiastical polity a, called, therefore, Malleus Non-
conformistarum, as the others were, Mallei Episcopali-
um. Their famous opponent here, Dr. Whitgift, had
been master of Pembroke, though, according to Bishop
Wren, only for three months: he was afterwards master
of this college, and in great favour with Queen Eliza-
beth, who used to call him, her Little Black Husband ;
and she raised him to be Archbishop of Canterbury in
1583c.
John Dee, A. M. not D. D. as he is often incorrectly
styled, first of St. John's, afterwards, when Harry VIII.
founded Trinity, made fellow of this, was a great ma-
thematician, astronomer, astrologer, cabalist, and adept
in the occult art, one of the most curious, and unaccount-
able men of his age: he travelled to and from London
to Holland, Louvain, France, Italy, Germany, and Po-
land; gave lectures abroad, when a youth, in the occult
arts, formed an acquaintance with the most learned men
in Europe, was visited by foreign ambassadors, and had
singular interviews and correspondencies with several
→ Second and Third Book of Eccles. Polity.
De Custod. et Sociis Pembrok. MS.
e Godwin. De Episc. Augl. p. 155.
、
294
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COLL
:
crowned heads. In England he was pensioned by Ed-
ward VI. in Mary's reign, he was tried in the Star-cham-
ber, on a charge of having bewitched her majesty, but ac-
quitted; and he was a great favourite with Elizabeth, who
used to visit him, and to witness his experiments. She
used to call Mr. Dee her Philosopher. His written
works are eight, most distinguished among which are,
Propædeumata Aphoristica,De præstantioribus quibusdam
Naturæ Virtutibus Aphorismi, Monas Hieroglyphica,
ad Regem Romanorum Maximilianum, Londini 1558.
Antwerpiæ 1564. This Monad he entitles, Hierogly-
phical, Mathematical, Magical, Cabalistical, and Anago-
gical: there is an elaborate and ingenious Life of him in
Latin, by Dr. Thomas Smith, and a curious Defence of
him by Dr. Meric Casaubon, the critic. Numerous are
his MSS. unfinished writings, and letters, that are dis-
persed; some are in the Ashmolean Museum, and many
in the Cottonian Library a,
•
It may be added of Mr. Dee, that he possessed one of
the most curious collections of printed books and MSS. of
any private gentleman in Europe, together with a valu-
able apparatus of instruments, machines, many invented
by himself, for his experiments, including those on the
occult art; he professed, also, to see, to converse with,
spirits, and to foretell future events: he was, therefore,
supposed to deal with the devil, and to be a conjuror;
and accordingly the populace, when he was abroad, broke
open his library, burnt his books, together with his pa-
pers, and destroyed his whole apparatus. This extraor-
dinary man died in 1608.
Much has already been said, and a great deal more
> Dr. Thomas Smith, de Vir. Illust,
J
TRINITY COLLEGE.
295
might be said, of Lord Bacon: he was entered of this
college very early in 1575, and left it very early, before
he was 16, without taking a degree. This narrative is
concerned only in his literary works; and of them I shall
only add, now-and as mere matter of curiosity-that in
the public library of our University there are two volumes
bound in velvet and silver, from this great restorer of litera-
ture. The first contains his Nine Books De Dignitate et
Augmentis Scientiarum: the second, his Novum Orga-
non.
These were a present of the author to the Univer-
sity. Probable it is, that the character of Lord Bacon, the
quality of his writings, and the benefits derived from them
to the University, give a value to them equal at least to a
similar present of James I. already noticed.
Opposite to the title-page of Lord Bacon's works, are
these words, in his own hand: "Franciscus de Verula-
mio Vicecomes, St. Albani, almæ matri Incl. Academiæ
Cantabrigiensi S.”
Then follows an address, which the reader will find at
the bottom of this page.
Sir Robert Naunton we have seen, in a former part of
this work, noticed by James I. when, on his majesty's first
coming out of Scotland, in his way to London, he stop-
ped at Hinchingbrook, to receive the compliments of our
University. Naunton was then public orator. He was
■ Debita filii, quam possum, persolvo: quod vero facio, idem et vos
hortor, ut augmentis scientiarum strenue incumbatis; et in animi mo-
destia libertatem ingenii retineatis; neque talentum a veteribus concre-
ditum in sudario reponatis. Affuerit procul dubio et affulserit divini
luminis gratia, si humiliatâ et submissâ religionis philosophiâ, clavibus
sensus legitime et dextre utamini, et, amoto omni contradictionis stu-
dio, quisque cum alio, ac si ipse secum, disputetis.
296
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first commoner of this college, and afterwards fellow of
Trinity Hall.
The smiles of James brought him to
court: he was, in due course of time, made secretary of
state, Jan. 8, 1617, and his majesty afterwards made him
master of the wards.
What is most to our purpose is, he was author of a
work which, though small, shews much observation, en-
titled, Fragmenta Regalia, or Observations on the late
Queen's (Elizabeth's) Ministers. I cannot, however,
help thinking it remarkable, though Sir Robert was a
Cambridge man, and wrote of the queen's ministers, only
in James's reign, that he should have entirely omitted Sir
Walter Mildmay, chancellor of the exchequer to Queen
Elizabeth, who was not only a Cambridge man, but
founder of a college a.
As Sir Robert Naunton wrote Observations on Queen
Elizabeth's Ministers, he falls in the way of similar ob-
servations, as one of King James's, in a similar work,
written by one, who, though but a young man, as he
tells us himself, seems to have possessed equal discrimi-
nation, and, though no statesman, to have had some
profound statesman and politician for his pole-star and
guide.
We have repeatedly told the unpleasant tale, how our
state convulsions in Charles I. and Charles the IId's
reign passed like an electrical shock through the several
colleges; and the same tale must be repeated here.
• The Fragmenta Regalia is printed in the Phoenix, or a Revival of
scarce and valuable Pamphlets, printed in 2 volumes, in 1707.
The Statesmen and Favourites of England, since the Reformation,
1665. The Epistle to the Reader is signed David Lloyd,
TRINITY COLLEGE.
297
a
This college is very large, and the ejectments of loyal-
ists by the parliament from 1641 to 1644, were, in pro-
portion, numerous. According to the QUERELA CAN-
TABRIGIENSES, they seem to have amounted to two-
thirds of the society, exclusive of scholars; and some,
according to Mr. Walker, are omitted in the QUERELA»,
who were set aside. Of these ejected loyalists, some
were men of superior genius and learning of this num-
ber were Cowley, the poet, and Herbert, called the Di-
vine Herbert, to whom Lord Bacon dedicates some
Psalms of David, turned by himself into verse (but of
these poets on some future occasion). Dr. Comber
had been a distinguished tutor in the college, and was af-
terwards master. He was a great linguist, much ac-
quainted with the oriental as well as modern European
languages, and concerned in the Polyglot Bible, accord-
ing to Walker. John Sherman, B. D. also gathered
contributions towards that and other learned designs.
Walker has shewn that the Querela Cantabrigiensis is de-
fective on this head, and Carter, by help of some univer-
sity.friend, has noticed a few faults in Walker, and
Smyth's MS. proves the same with respect to Carter's
list, in whom barely the names of most appear, 'without
date, or degree, copied, as usual, verbatim, from Wal-
a This work, often referred to in this history, is entitled Querela Can-
tabrigiensis, or a Remonstrance, by Way of Apology, for the banished
Members of the University of Cambridge. By some of the said Suf-
ferers. 1647.
b Mr. Thomas Baker, so often mentioned, had a copy of the Querela,
in which Dr. Babington, of this college, put down his own name, and
two others, omitted in the Querela: and Walker (Sufferings of the
Clergy, &c. p. 162) has shewn how defective the list in the Querela is in
general.
298
TRINITY COLLEGE.
LLEG
ker's "Attempt towards recovering an Account of the
Numbers and Sufferings of the Clergy of the Church of
England in the grand Rebellion"." I shall, for the pre-
sent, suspend further inquiries on that head, except as
the names accidentally turn up, in the regular course of
the history.
b
The same defect has been noticed with respect to the
fellows ejected from this college, by the Act of Unifor-
mity, which took place in August 24, 1662, as enume-
rated by Dr. Calamy, in his Nonconformist's Memorial ".
Among these, however, was one of highly distinguished
character as a naturalist, and general scholar, John Ray,
A. M. but having spoken of him elsewhere, I shall only
say now, that his works are, as every one knows, very
valuable, and that he resigned his fellowship, because he
did not like complying with the Act of Uniformity. Be-
sides his own proper works, alluded to in a former part of
this history, he published a curious work of Francis Wil-
loughby, Esq. entitled, Ornithology, in folio, 1678; to
which he added two books, and a dedication to the Royal
Society. A list of Mr. Ray's own works may be seen in
Baxter's Hist. &c. vol. ii. p. 87.
Of the other ejected non-conformists I am not aware
there were any considerable writer: but Thomas Senior,
a The full title of this book, so often referred to is, An Abridgment of
Mr. Baxter's History of his own Times, with an Account of the Minis-
ters, &c. who were ejected after the Restoration of Charles II. in 4 vols.
1713.
A few defects in Dr. Calamy's work are supplied in Mr. Palmer's
Nonconformist's Memorial, 3 vols. Mr. Thomas Baker greatly im-
proved his own copy of Calamy's history, more particularly in regard
to the degrees, taken in the University by the Nonconformists. This
gives a value to Baker's copy, which I have already noticed as being
in the Library of St. John's.
TRINITY COLLEGE.
299
B. D. Edmond Moore, A. M. John Hutchinson, A. B.
and John Davis, A. M. senior fellow, were considerable
scholars. Francis Oddy became a very popular preach-
er. He and Mr. Holcroft were noticed under Clare
Hall, as the original founders of numerous dissenting
congregations in Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely.
Of such, too, (I mean puritans) I shall pursue the same
rule, in the present chapter, as towards the royalists, only
notice them as they fall in the regular course of the
work.
And here I must crave permission to act, in regard to
the poetical writers of this college, as I did by those of
St. John's: it is not of the genius of a university to allow
any two, however great, to say, Nos duo Turba Sumus.
In regard to poetry, as well as general literature, she
must assume the form of a republic, not of an aristo-
cracy of the few and the best: but here we should be
overpowered with numbers. Some have already been no-
ticed, who have written poetical as well as prose pieces:
but here begins the poet's corner, which must be di-
vided, as before, so as to be considered as conse-
crated ground and to contemplate longer over those
who have written poetry, in the learned languages, as
well as in our own, might be amusing to our academi-
cal students; perhaps my own studies give a propensity
that way: but I must pass hastily by the enchanted spot.
I can only say yonder is Dryden, and Cowley, and Her-
bert; yonder Randolph, and Fletcher, Donne, and An-
drew Marvel, and yonder Duport, Hugh Holland, the
elegant Vincent Bourne, and Dibben. These are a few,
and but a few, of the more elegant English, Latin, and
{
a
Giles, brother of the author of the Purple Island.
300
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Greek poetical writers, who once studied in this college:
and so we pass to others.
Sir Robert Cotton and Sir Henry Spelman were two
eminent antiquaries. Spelman wrote various treatises on
English History and Antiquities a. Cottoni Posthu-
ma, on Points of English Liberties and Privileges,
with other pieces drawn from our ancient records, was a
valuable legacy; invaluable is the treasure of Sir Ro-
bert Cotton's library, now placed in the British Mu-
seum, being the best depositary of MSS. on English
history and antiquities in the country. And to the cata-
logue of his MSS. by Dr. Thomas Smith, a valuable
Life is prefixed by the same hand. A more complete ca-
talogue of Cotton's MSS. has been since published, un-
der the direction of the trustees of the British Museum.
Mr. Henry Peachum, who styles himself some time
fellow of Trinity College, was author of a book, that
shews a good deal of reading on a variety of literary sub-
jects, called, the Complete Gentleman, printed in 1661.
Of the numerous names, that might be mentioned up
to the time when Dr. Smith was master, I can notice but
a very few.
John Wilkins, Bishop of Chester, and master in 1668,
was the admired author of the Real Character on the Phi-
losophical Principles of Grammar; the Discovery of a
new World, and other works. Walter Nedeham, M. D.
published, in 1667, Disquisitio Anatomica de formato
Foetu. He was physician to the Charter House. Tho-
mas Jacombe, D. D. was a famous presbyterian divine,
and assisted other presbyterians in their Annotations on
• Among which may be mentioned his Concil. Britan. Glossarium,
Vita Ælfridi, Villare Anglicum, &c. and (published since his death)
his Remains.
#
裴
​TRINITY COLLEGE.
301
the Holy Scriptures. He died 1687. Thomas Gale,
D. D. Greek Professor, was the learned author and edi-
tor of many valuable works, particularly Historiæ Bri-
tannicæ, Saxonicæ, et Anglo-Danica Scriptores a, Opus-
cula Mythologica, Ethica, et Physica, and Herodotus.
He died in 1702. John Colbatch was casuistical pro-
fessor and fellow: he wrote Jus Academicum in the Col-
lege Dispute with Dr. Bentley, and was committed for
it to prison, with a fine of 50l. He also wrote an Exa-
mination of Eachard's Account of the Marriage Treaty
between Charles II. and the Infanta of Spain, in a Let-
ter to Lord Lansdowne, and a tract on Church and Col-
lege Leases.
Of the acute and learned critic, Dr. Bentley, mention
has already been made. I shall, therefore, only add here
he was first of St. John's College, and was afterwards
Regius Professor of Divinity in the University, and mas-
ter of this college, which made some wag apply to him—
"By the help of my God I have leaped over this wall;"
in an allusion to St. John's, which is close to Trinity.
Dr. Bentley and Dr. Smith are buried on the north and
south sides of the altar, in the chapel. The inscription
over Dr. Bentley is, H. S. E. Ricardus Bentley,T.P.R.
obiit 16 Jul. 1742, ætatis 81. There is a full length of
him in the hall, very expressive.
In addition to what has been said of Dr. Smith, I just
notice, that he was first fellow, afterwards professor of
astronomy and experimental philosophy, and succeeded
Dr. Bentley in the mastership. Besides his mathemati-
cal works, he wrote a curious treatise, entitled Harmo-
* Three vols. folio, though only two were edited by him. Oxon. 1691.
Roger Gale, Dr. Thomas's son, was also a very learned man of this
college, and left many valuable MSS, to it.
302
TRINITY COLLEGE.
nies, or the Philosophy of Musical Sounds. The in-
scription over him is, H. S. E. Robertus Smith, ST.P.
Hujus Collegii Magister, obiit Aug. 1768, ætatis 79.
Little was said of Dr. Isaac Barrow, where there was
room for much; so, with a better grace, something more
may be added concerning him here. Isaac Barrow was
first admitted of Peter House (in 1643) afterwards of
this college, and chosen a scholar in 1647. In 1648 he
was made fellow, and had, for many years Mr. Ray, as
the companion of his studies. In 1652 he commenced
A. M. and soon afterwards travelled abroad. While on
his travels, he wrote several curious Latin epistles to the
máster and fellows of Trinity College, some in Latin
verse, and the Latin epistle from Constantinople is great-
ly to be admired. This, with several other of his Latin
epistles and orations, are published in the Appendix of
Dr. Ward's Lives of the Professors of Gresham Col-
lege.
Soon after the Restoration, Barrow was made Greek
professor at Cambridge, and gave lectures on Aristotle's
rhetoric and there is an oration of his extant, on his be-
ing appointed Greek professor. In 1662 he was ap-
pointed professor of geometry at Gresham College; and
there is a fine introductory oration, in Latin, in praise of
Sir Thomas Gresham, and some of the Gresham profes-
sors: he also wrote Greek poetry, which, with his Latin,
are printed in his Opuscula.
In 1663 he was made the first Lucasian professor of
mathematics, and the following year he commenced the
duties of his office, by giving lectures: choosing now to
reside at Cambridge, he resigned his professorship at
Gresham College in 1664. So we have him (a very
TRINITY COLLEGE.
303
singular circumstance) Greek and mathematical professor
at one and the same time.
In 1669 he wrote his Expositions on the Creed, Lord's
Prayer, Decalogue, and Sacraments. The first of his
mathematical publications were, Euclidis Elementa, 1665,
Euclidis Data, 1667; then followed his Lectiones Op-
ticæ in 1669, and his Geometrica Lectiones in 1670.
Being created, the same year, D. D. by royal mandate,
he was appointed by Charles II. to succeed Dr. Pearson
in the mastership of this college, at which time his majesty
said, “he had given it to the first scholar in England :"
it was Dr. B. too, this royal personage used to call an
unfair preacher, for being not only a great divine, but
delivering profound and very lengthened discourses, he
exhausted every subject that he handled. His theological
works were published in 3 volumes folio, by Dr. Tillot-
son, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, to which is
prefixed, Dr. Barrow's Life by Abraham Hill, Esq.
1683. His Opuscula, consisting of Determinationes,
Conciones ad Clerum, Orationes, Poemata, &c. com-
pose a fourth volume in 4to. 1687.
He resigned his Lucasian professorship to Mr. Isaac
Newton, 8th Nov. 1670.
This very loyal, orthodox, and learned man-for he
was a great royalist, a great Trinitarian, a great mathema-
tician, and a great Grecian-died in May 1677, only 47
years of age. He was buried in the south wing of West-
minster Abbey, against the west wall; on which is a most
admirable inscription, written by his friend and fellow-
professor of Gresham College, Dr. John Mapletoft.
Dr. Barrow's mathematical works, printed before and
since his death, are numerous, and of the highest cha-
304
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racter, conspicuous among which are, with those already
mentioned, Archimedis Opera: Londini, 1675. 4to.
Some of his fine spirited Latin compositions, among
which are his Epistle to the Master and Fellows of Tri-
nity College, and Letters addressed, when vice-chancel-
a I have already informed the reader, how high a value I set on the
Chronological MS. Index, with copious Extracts, 2 vols. 4to. which I
possess, of Hare's Collections: the following letter, written by Dr.
Barrow, as vice-chancellor, to Mr. Hare, will shew that I do not prize
them too much. Having some private feelings to gratify, and the
whole letter being in so elegant, elaborate a style, I cannot deny myself
the pleasure of copying the whole.
"Libros b tuos jam iterum descriptos, alia forma, novo habitu, aca-
demiae repraesentatos, prid. non. Maii frequenti senatu suscepimus,
ornatissime Haree, qua laetitia, quo studio, ipsi optime intelligimus ;
sed et tu facile conjicies, qui nec tantae utilitatis, quantam ea res nobis
affert, nos ignaros, nec in tam singulari beneficio posse ingratos esse ex-
istimabis. Equidem ut primum eos aspeximus, attrectavimus, legimus,
nihil prius nobis fuit atque antiquius, quam ut, quoniam referendae
gratiae pares in praesenti esse non possemus, de agendis saltem gratiis
cogitaremus. Neque enim academici quum simus, ii esse debemus, aut
vero hercle esse possumus, qui beneficia ab aliis libenter accipere, nulla
eisdem officia reponere, velimus. Id a nobis expressit partim specta-
tus ille amor tuus, qui te semel tantum in nos esse beneficum non pati-
tur; partim rei ipsius magnitudo, quam non magis prope confectam no-
bis esse laetamur, quam potuisse confici admiramur. Nam ut de sump-
tibus taceamus (quos tamen in hanc rem erogari maximos necesse fuit)
b Dr. Ward adds, Hi libri antiquitates, jura, et immunitates acade-
miae continebant, quorum volumina aliquot quantivis pretii a se scripta
ei donavit Robertus Hare, Gonvilli et Caii collegii commensalis. Vid.
Fuller's History of the University of Cambridge, p. 15. A. W. Hist.
et Antiq. Univers. Oxon. L. 11, p. 390. Nicolson's English Historical
Library, p. 150.
TRINITY COLLEGE.
305
lor, to the chancellor, Lord Burleigh, and others, are
published in Dr. Ward's Appendix to the Lives of the
Professors of Gresham College.
John Mapletoft, commenced A. M. in 1655, and pro-
ceeded M.D. in 1667, and in 1675 was appointed pro-
fessor of physic at Gresham College. His Pleadings at
quantae assiduitatis, quanti laboris, cujus lucubrationis erat, tot res,
tam varias, tam abstrusas ac reconditas investigare primum, atque e
tenebris eruere; deinde inventas describere saepius, chartisque man-
dare, idque non conducta scribarum opera, sed sua a aut unius aut
certe potissimum diligentia? Illud vero quam divini animi, quam sin-
gularis prudentiae esse putandum est, res tam locis tam temporibus
dissitas in paucorum voluminum angustiis includere, tam re atque na-
tura discrepantes apto cujusdam rationis ac methodi vinculo astringere
inter se ac colligare; sic ut praeterita cum praesentibus, latissime fusa
exiguis finibus, pugnantia minima tantum animi contentione comprehen-
damus? Nam utilitatem tanti operis fruendo nos quidem magis perci-
pimus, quam praedicando exprimere possumus; ex quo et singula col-
legia, et academia universa illud imprimis est consecuta, quod dum
sua, dum oppidanorum omnia privilegia, ac firmamenta intelligit, et
principum munificentia commodius uti, et inveterati hostis impetus fa-
cilius refutare possit. Hoc nos munus tam tibi arduum, tam nobis
fructuosum, non amplexemur et exosculemur? non gratissimis animis
interpretemur? Nos vero et facimus quidem, et semper faciemus;
teque oramus vehementius, ut quo studio ipse in nobis ornandis fueris,
eodem nos in te amando colendoque esse putes; neque quicquam exis-
times, aut beneficio tuo gratius aut teipso academiac charius esse
posse. Vale, ac macte hac virtute, officio, pietate in rempublicam
literariam esto. Cantab. e senatu nostro pridie non. Maii 1591.
Tui merito studiosissimi, procan.
et reliquus senat. Cantab.
VOL. II.
• Ita codex.
X
{
.
$06
TRINITY COLLEGE.
.
Gresham College, as he calls his English Lectures, have
been greatly admired. His first lecture is on the Motion
of the Heart, and the Circulation of the Blood, the dis-
covery of which he gives wholly to Dr. Harvey. His
Latin Lectures, (Prælectiones in Collegio Greshamensi,
1675,) being a History of the Art of Medicine, and the
Origin of its Invention, is copied entirely, for its curiosity,
into the Appendix of Dr. Ward's Lives of the Professors
of Gresham College. Dr. Mapletoft, also, translated
into English a famous work of Dr. Sydenham's".
In 1682, he took deacon's and priest's orders, and in his
theological capacity published several sermons and tracts
of a practical character. He died in 1721, aged 91.
With respect to Mr. Cotes, I shall let his admired in-
scription on his monument in this college-chapel say,
presently, every thing for him, which is proper and
honourable and of Sir Isaac Newton I can advance
nothing beyond what has already been stated. The two
or three hints which follow must be referred to Mr. Whis-
ton, Bishop Pearce, and Mr. Thomas Baker.
Not to repeat, then, any thing concerning Sir Isaac's
mathematical works-every body has heard, also, of his
chronological; and every body knows they are not in ge-
neral repute. Among other learned men, Mr. Whiston,
who succeeded him in his Lucasian professorship, attack-
ed them in form, and with the utmost deference to New-
ton's mathematical knowledge,—which he considered all
but divine, he treated his chronology, not merely with
a Observationes medicæ circa morborum acutorum Historiam et cu-
rationem. The other Latin works of Dr. Sydenham 'were translated into
English by Mr. Gilbert Havers, of Trinity College, a friend of Dr.
Mapleloft. Dr. Ward's Lives, &c. p. 275.
TRINITY COLLEGE.
S07
little ceremony, but (for Whiston thought the scripture
prophecies, and scripture chronology, his peculiar field)
with all the air of a complete triumph. "Had he (Sir
Isaac) been alive," says Whiston, "when I wrote against
his chronology, and so thoroughly confuted it, that nobody
has ever ventured to vindicate it, that I know of, since MY
CONFUTATION was published, I should not have thought
proper to publish it during his life-time, because I knew
his temper so well, that I should have thought it would
have killed him"." This I mention not as taking any
him.”
side
in the controversy, but merely as matter of anecdote.
This curious man, (Whiston,) says, "Sir Isaac, was
afraid of him for the last thirteen years of his life."
But let us just notice what stress was laid on his chrono-
logy by Newton himself. Bishop Pearce seems to have
possessed his confidence on this subject; and his favourite
work, (such to him, it seems,) was his book on the scripture
chronology.
From a curious interview between these two eminent
men, a little before Sir Isaac's death, it appears, that he
was then preparing it with great care for publication-it
having been published abroad without his permission—and
that he had been employed on it for thirty years º.
a Yet have we seen how full of whim and mistake he was himself, in
regard to the times, when the Turkish empire was to be extirpated from
Europe, and the French government to be entirely destroyed, which
were to be effected, according to Whiston, in 1716, by Prince Eugene.
Was there less of whim in what he said in regard to England? I allude
to an interpretation he puts on a passage in the Revelations, (in ch. 13.)
in reference to the failure of a scheme of Bishop Gibson's? See Whis
ton's Essay on the Revelations, p. 320.
b Whiston's Memoirs, vol. i. p. 294.
• See the account of this interview, given by Bishop Pearce, in his
own Memoirs, written by himself, and prefixed to his Works, published
since his death by his chaplain, Mr. Derby.
+
X 2
308
TRINITY COLLEGE.
The following letter of Baker's to Mr. Cook, I copy
from Masters b.
"6 'WORTHY SIR,
"To your enquiries I answer, Isaac Newton was admit-
ted into Trinity College, under Mr. Pulleyn (the same I
presume, that was afterwards Greek professor,) June 3
1661, Art. Bac. 1664-5, Art. M. An. 1668. He was
likewise admitted Socius Minor Col. Trin. Oct. 2, 1667,
and Socius Major the year following. He succeeded Dr.
Barrow as Mathematical Professor, Nov. 8, 1669, who,
though he was not his tutor, instructed and encouraged
him in the study of the mathematics."
Dr. Zachary Pearce, bishop of Rochester, was first
fellow of this college, a critic of correct taste and much
reading. While undergraduate, he published an edition
of Tully's Offices, on a plan that gained him great
credit, both at home and abroad, and he afterwards pub-
lished his book de Oratore, on the same plan, and Longi-
nus de Sublimitate: he was one of the writers in the
Spectator; and his Commentary and Notes on the New
Testament have been much admired. He became fellow
of the college through Dr. Bentley's interest; but he took
part against him on the subject of his intended new
edition of the Greek Testament, and the Review of Dr.
Bentley's text of Paradise Lost, is certainly Pearce's,
though without his name, There are, besides, several
volumes of his sermons in print. He is a singular instance
of one, who was anxious to resign a bishopric, and kissed
a Mr. Cook wrote Notes on Sir Isaac Newton's Chronology.
b Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the late Mr. T. Baker, &c.
p. 73.
1
TRINITY COLLEGE.
309
?
hands as a pledge; but after all, was not permitted to
resign. He lived to an advanced age. There is a bust
and elegant inscription to his memory in Westminster
Abbey. He took the degree of A. M. in 1717. The
degree of D. D. was conferred on him by the Archbishop
of Canterbury, (Dr. Wake,) in 1724. He died in 1774.
Conyers Middleton, fellow, took his degree of A. M.
in 1706, and in 1717, proceeded D. D. by royal mandate.
He was principal librarian of the University, and in 1731
was chosen the first Woodwardian professor of physio-
logy. Two years after he resigned the office, and was
succeeded by Mr. Charles Mason. He published various
books, and left behind him many unpublished MSS.
But I shall only notice the most remarkable of his publi-
cations.
The History of the Life of Marcus Tullius Cicero,
first published in 1741, by subscription, in quarto, has
gone through several editions, in octavo, and, though not
without some censures, gained the author great celebrity.
He also printed, in 1743, Cicero's Epistles to Brutus, and
a I omitted, in the proper place, describing this professorship, and
have passed over Dr. Woodward, the founder, who, I find, by Dr. Ward's
Lives of the Professors of Gresham College, was of Magdalen College
in this University. I shall speak both of Dr. Woodward and of the pro-
fessorship founded by him, in some following page.
b The Epistles of Tully are many of them indifferently translated;
but the principal objection made to the work, is, what has been observed
by Mr. Wharton, and Dr. Parr, that the author borrowed too liberally
from Bellendenus, (de Tribus Luminibus Romanorum,) and without any
acknowledgment. Permoleste autem fero, says the latter, potuisse ´eum,
qui ingenii tam acris elegantisque esset, laudibus Bellendeni meritis ac
debitis privare. Fidentissimè enim confirmaverim, ex Bellendeni opere
non solum supellectilem sibi sublegisse satis lautam atque amplam, sed
libri ipsius prope formam, qua res ferret, adumbrasse. Præfat. ad
Bellendenum de Statu Civili, &c.
310
TRINITY COLLEGE.
Brutus's to Cicero, with the Latin text on the opposite
page, and English Notes to each Epistle, and a Disser
tation in defence of their authenticity.
a
After travelling abroad, and returning to Cambridge, in
1725, Dr. Middleton published a Letter from Rome,
shewing the exact conformity beween Popery and Pagan-
ism, or the Religion of the present Romans derived from
that of their Heathen Ancestors, a small work, but full
of curious matter. He afterwards republished it, with a
long Prefatory Discourse, vindicating it from some charges
of a Popish writer, and with a dedication to Dr. Gooch,
Bishop of Norwich. He also wrote several sharp par-
phlets in the dispute in which Dr. Bentley and Trinity
College were so long engaged.
His Letter from Rome raised Middleton's name very high
among the English Protestants; but by another work,
allowed on all hands to be learned, he exposed himself
to many attacks, both from Protestants and Papists:
Wolfius in his edition of Four Orations of Tully, Berlin, 1741,
points out his three capital faults,-in over-charging the character of
Cicero in laying too great stress on his political, and too little on his
literary character-and in exceeding the bounds of historical truth. See
a note by Mr. Gough, in Nichols's fifth volume of Literary Anecdotes.
a It may be thought, perhaps, by some, that here too the Dr. had in
view a small, though judicious, and little known piece, (written by a Mr.
Delaune, author of the Plea for the Nonconformists, in Charles II.'s
reign.) It is entitled, Eixwr Ongiov, The Image of the Beast. It is printed
in three columns. In the first, the author gives the head, members, and
ceremonies of Heathen Rome in the second, the head, members, and
ceremonies of Popish Rome, shewing its conformity with Paganism-in
the third, the head, members, and ceremonies of the Christian Church.
The subject, however, has frequently been alluded to, and written upon;
nor do I say that Dr. Middleton ever saw this little piece. But I men-
tion it for the sake of noticing the circumstances in which these two
writers resembled each other. Dr. Middleton, by travelling to Rome,
saw what he described, and Mr. Delaune had been educated in a friary.
Mr. Delaune's Eixwv Ongiov, and Plea, were republished in 1701.
#
TRINITY COLLEGE.
311
This work is entitled a Free Enquiry into the Miraculous
Powers, which are supposed to have subsisted in the
Christian Church, from the earliest ages through the seve-
ral successive centuries. As a precursor to this he first
published his spirited Introductory Discourse, which was
afterwards published with the work itself.
Besides these works, Dr. M. wrote a Dissertation on
the Roman Senate, and a work in Latin, on German
Monuments of Antiquity, finely printed in royal quarto,
and ornamented with twenty-three copper-plates, which
are curiously engraved. In this work he describes his
own Antiques, and the Ægyptian mummy in the University
Library. I shall just add, that amidst his other literary
pursuits, he kept in view his peculiar duties as public
librarian. On being appointed to that office he printed
a small piece on the proper Method for arranging the
books; and in 1735, a Dissertation on the Origin of
Printing.
This elegant writer, profound reader, and accomplished
man, died in 1750, aged 67.
We shall now consider some of our eminent antiquaries.
Samuel Knight, student, was author of the Lives of
Erasmus and dean Colet, the celebrated founder of St.
Paul's school, as famous almost at Oxford, as Erasmus
a The title of this work is, Germana Quædam Antiquitatis Erudite
Monumenta, quibus Romanorum veterum Ritus varii tam sacri, quam
profani, tam Græcorum quam Ægyptiorum nonnulli illustrantur, Romæ
olim maxima ex parte collecta, ac Dissertationibus jam singulis instruc-
ta. His appendicis item loco adjuncta est mumiæ Cantabrigiensis Des-
criptio.
↳ Rei Antiquariæ cujuscunque generis cultor studiosus, præcipue
vero famæ virorum ingenii, virtutis et literaruin laude maximè insignium
fautor eximius; prout ea quæ scripsit de vitâ rebusque gestis celeberrimi
312
TRINITY COLLEGE.
1
was at Cambridge. Both lives were of use to Jortin, in
his Life of Erasmus, though he treats of Erasmus's Life
in a different manner from Knight's, and has pointed out
several errors in it. Samuel Knight took his A. M. de-
gree in 1706, proceeded S. T. P. by royal mandate, in
1717, was prebendary of Ely, and rector of Bluntesham,
in Huntingdonshire. He died in 1746.
James Bentham, A. M. 1738, and F. A. S. 1767, was
prebendary of Ely, author of the History of the Conven-
tual and Cathedral Church of Ely.
This History is divided into five periods. The first
begins with the foundation of a church and monastery at
Ely, by Etheldreda, queen of the Northumbrians, A. D.
A.D.
673, and shews the state of it under several abbesses, till
its destruction by the Danes in 870; the second contains
the state of this church, whilst in possession of the secu-
lar clergy, to 970; the third, the re-establishing of it for
monks, by our Saxon king Edgar, with its government
under abbots; the fourth relates to the conversion of the
abbey into a bishopric, in 1109, and includes the succes-
sion of the Bishops to the dissolution of the abbey, under
Henry VIII. The fifth begins with the establishment of a
dean and prebendary, by Henry, in 1541, extending to the
year when this History was printed at Cambridge,(1771.) It
contains, also, a valuable appendix, of charters and other
public instruments, relating as well to the conventual as
cathedral church of Ely. I have had frequent occasion
to speak of the literary character of this History: so I
shall only add, that it is adorned with copper-plates, and
Erasmi et Coleti palam testatum faciunt. Inscription on Dr. Knight's
monument at Bluntesham. See Bentham's Hist. and Antiquities of the
Cathedral Church of Ely, p. 265.
TRINITY COLLEGE.
313
beautifully printed, having been done under the most par-
ticular attention of the author's brother, Mr. T. Bentham,
who was at the time printer to the university. A new,
and equally beautiful edition of this History was printed
in 1812, by the author's son, with additions relating to
what had been said of Mr. Bentham's having received
his ideas on Saxon architecture from Mr. Gray, which is
shewn not to have been true.
Francis Peck, student, A. M. 1713, and F. S. A, 1732,
combined in his character, antiquities, poetry, criticism,
and divinity. His writings are very numerous, and several
of considerable character, particularly his Academia
Tertia Anglicana, or the Antiquarian Annals of Stamford,
in Lincoln, Rutland, and Northampton shires, containing
the History of the University, Monasteries, Guilds,
Churches, Chapels, Hospitals, and Schools there, with
forty-one copper-plates, in two volumes.-His Complete
Catalogue of all the Discourses written both for and
against Popery, in the time of James II. two volumes in
quarto, 1740, the first called, Memoirs of the Life and
Actions of Oliver Cromwell; the second, New Memoirs
of the Life and Poetical Works of Mr. John Milton.-
Explanatory and Critical Notes on divers Passages of
Shakspeare of which work it has been observed, and ad-
mitted, that it first pointed out the way, since pursued by
Farmer, Steevens, Malone, and Reid, in their criticisms
on Shakspeare.-Desiderata Curiosa, two volumes, or a
Collection of divers Scarce and Curious Pieces, relating
chiefly to matters of English History, with choice Tracts,
Memoirs, Letters, Wills, &c. The last work published
by him were four Sermons, in 1742, entitled, of Grace,
and how to excite it :-Jesus Christ, the true Messiah,
proved from a consideration of his miracles in general:-
Jesus Christ the true Messiah, proved from a considera-
314
TRINITY COLLEGE.
tion of his Resurrection in particular.-The Necessity
and Advantages of good Laws and good Magistrates, deli-
vered in two visitation and two assize sermons.
This learned and laborious man died in 1743, and, at
the time of his death had in view nine different works,
some of considerable extent, and in the prosecution of
which he had made considerable advances a.
Michael Lort, fellow, commenced A. M. in 1750, and
proceeded D.D. was F. S. A. and F. R. S. chaplain to
Archbishop Cornwallis, and librarian to the famous col-
lector of books and MSS. Dr. Richard Mead. He was also
librarian to the Archbishop of Canterbury's Palace of
Lambeth. Through Dr. Mead he became acquainted
with Dr. Askew, and was one of the many Cambridge
antiquaries and critics, who used to regale themselves with.
the feast of Dr. Askew's delicious MSS. and dainty
splendid editions of Greek and Roman classics. He was
also himself a great collector of curious books, though in
a different taste, and was well acquainted with the most
eminent antiquaries of the last century.
Dr. Lort was eminently serviceable to many writers,
and sent various communications to the Archæologia
and Gentleman's Magazine. He did not publish much
himself. There are two or three printed sermons
of his, and a short Commentary on the Lord's Prayer,
in which he translates, rov ovnpou, the devil, the calum-
niator, the evil one, as also does Bishop Pearce. He
died in 1790.
του πονηρού,
Charles Mason, fellow, S. T. B. in 1736, and S. T. P.
1749, was Woodwardian professor, and eminent for his
a An account of all the published works of Mr. Peck, and of what he
left unfinished in MS. nay be seen in vol. i. of Mr. Nichols's Literary
Anecdotes of the XVIIIth Century.
1
TRINITY COLLEGE.
315
acquaintance with natural history. I have already men-
tioned him as having left some collections in MS. towards
a history of Trinity College, and he is mentioned by Mr.
Masters, as having made similar collections in reference
to the University. Morris Drake Morris, Esq. late
fellow commoner of this college, made some collections
for an Athenæ Cantabrigienses, which are selections and
translations from printed books, and being given to
Mr. Cole by Dr. Middleton, may be seen in Cole's MS.
Collections in the British Museum.
.
It has been hinted in a former page, that this college
enjoys some advantages peculiar to itself. Such are the
nature of the fellowships, all being open to competition,
unconfined to any county or school. The prizes, too, are
numerous, and the examinations strict; circumstances,
these, all highly auspicious and favourable to literary im-
provement. Add to this some motives that predispose to
the study of Greek literature, and still more of Hebrew.
We accordingly find, that from the time of Joshua
Barnes, 1712, to the present time, all the Greek profes-
sors, except one, have been of this college, and all the
Hebrew from about the same period. To say nothing
of that great constellation of mathematicians, the first in
Europe, that shone forth, as we have seen, at the same
time, holding out a glorious light, and naturally enkind-
ling in students a spirit of laudable emulation, and irre-
sistible ambition.
a Hist. of Bene't College.
b Here, however, I must not forget what Mr. Ascham says, speaking
of his own college: "Yea, St. John's did then so flourish as Trinity
College, that princely house now, at the first erection, was but colonia
deducta out of St. John's, not only for their master, fellows, and scholars,
but also, which is more-for their whole, both of learning and disci
pline of manners: and yet, to this day, it never took master, but such
as was bred up before in St. John's. Schoolmaster, p. 169.
/
316
TRINITY COLLEGE.
Of the Hebrew and Greek professors I shall notice
such as are known by any publications, though as to the
Hebrew, I recollect but one who published any thing:
William Collier, B. D. 1789, Heb. Pr. 1771, published
two volumes of poems, and poetical criticisms; but no
publication, as I am aware of, has proceeded from the
professors of Hebrew, in their proper literary depart-
ment; a proof that I have been correct in what was said
in my first volume on this subject.
Thomas Pilgrim, fellow, S. T. B. 1716; Greek pro-
fessor 1712; assisted in a Greek grammar, by Mr. George
Thompson. Thomas Francklin, A. M. 1746, 'S. T. P.
1770, fellow, Greek professor, published sermons, and
was concerned in some joint publications, but is best
known by his translation of Sophocles and Lucian. He
died vicar of Thundridge, Herts.
Richard Porson, A. M. 1785, was chosen fellow in
1782; but not choosing to comply with the law of this
society, that fellows, after seven years standing, must
take holy orders, he resigned his fellowship, but was
made Greek professor in 1792.
Some remarks have already been made on Porson's
style of criticism, and his edition of some of Euripi-
des's plays but there remain a few things to be remark-
ed in this place.
While an under-graduate, he furnished an edition of Xe-
nophon's Anabasis, by Hutchinson, with some short, pithy
remarks, relating to MSS. which the editor either had
not examined, or had examined negligently; and the
preface is full as pithy. These were our young Grecian's
Primitia, First Offerings.
In 1790 he furnished the
a Lectori, si quis erit.
TRINITY COLLEGE.
317
1
new edition of Toup's Emendations on Suidas, then
publishing at the Clarendon press, with a few short
notesa; the same year he published his controversial work,
which obtained him so much celebrity-" Letters to Mr.
Archdeacon Travis, in Answer to his Defence of the
Three heavenly Witnesses," 1 Joh. v. 7. a work of no
great consequence as to the subject (for Sir Isaac New-
ton had proved the passage to be a spurious text be-
fore), any more than the subject of Bentley's famous
dispute about Phalaris's Epistles-it being, in fact, of
no great consequence whether they were written by a ty-
rant, or a sophist. But both the one controversy and the
other furnished the writers with a fair opportunity for a
display of their great stores of reading, for their much
promptness of remark, and their acuteness of criticism:
and our professor has, in the judgment both of Trinita-
rian and Unitarian expositors, set the question completely
at rest.
In 1793 he brought through the press the fine edition
of Heyne's Virgil, in four volumes. In a short preface,
he informs his readers that he had only inserted a few
conjectures of other learned men, and made some small
additions to the Index. But the beautiful edition of
Eschylus, published at Glasgow in 1795, must be con-
sidered Porson's, the corrections and different readings
being all his. Schutz has subjoined them to his own
edition of Æschylus, published in Germany, and with
most honourable acknowledgment to the learning and
judgment of our Cambridge critic.
■ Emendationes in Suidam et Hesychium, et alios Lexicographos
Græcos. Scripsit J. O. Toup, 1790.
Mr. Porson wrote the Notæ Breves. Vol. iv. p. 435, &c. to the
end.
3
1
318
TRINITY COLLEGE.
*.
Among the intended publications of Mr. Porson's,
must be considered the Greek Lexicon, written by Pho-
tius, patriarch of Constantinople in the 7th century.
This had been twice copied by him, for the purpose of
publication; the first copy having been destroyed in the
fire at Merton, it being at the house of his brother-in-law,
Mr. Perry, where the fire happened. This Lexicon,
when published, with fac similes of the MS. cannot fail
of being highly acceptable to the learned world, both as
a curious Greek Lexicon, and as a specimen of Greek
palæography.
Since Mr. Porson's death, have been published, by
Mr. Blomefield, the professor's Adversaria, containing
Observations on Athenæus, and his Thesis on Euri-
pedes, delivered at Cambridge, on being appointed
Greek professor.
This acute and learned critic died in 1809, aged 49,
and was buried in the college chapel, on the north side of
Sir Isaac Newton's monument.
I omitted designating Dr. Lort, as Greek professor,
and editor of," a Projecte conteyning the State, Order,
and Maner of Government of the University of Cam-
bridge, as now to be seene in the Three and Fortieth
Yeare of the Raigne of our most gracious Soveraigne
Lady, Queen Elizabeth." Camb. 1769. 4to.a
Charles Colignon, M. B. 1749, M. D. 1754, was
fellow, and chosen professor of anatomy 1753. He pub-
lished Miscellaneous Works, in Verse and Prose, by
subscription, in 1786.
a The Professor printed it from a MS. presented, it is supposed, to
Lord Burleigh, on his being made Chancellor in 1600, as Mr. Astle
found it among his papers.
1
4
TRINITY COLLEGE.
S19
John Warner, A. M. 1761, S. T. P. 1773, was chap-
lain to the English embassy at Paris, before the French
Revolution, and an admired preacher; but is now better
known as the author of a valuable book, entitled Metron-
ariston, or a new Pleasure recommended, in a Disser-
tation upon a Part of Greek and Latin Prosody, well
worthy the attention of our public schools. Dr. Warner
also published a translation of a Spanish romance, enti-
tled, Friar Gerund, and one or two sermons.
Matthew Raine, fellow, S. T. B. 1794, S. T. P.
1799, the eminent upper master of the Charter House
school, and a judicious critic, the confidential friend of
Mr. Porson; and I have placed him next to his other
friend, Dr. Warner, as having adopted much of his the-
ory of Metronariston into the Charter House school.
4
It is certain the ancient Greeks and Latins read and wrote with a
regard both to syllabic and accentual quantity, and by a happy union of
both, was formed the harmony of their poetry, and the numerous com-
position of their prose. This mode of delightful combination seems
lost among us. It was first broken in upon by what is called accentual
quantity, and we now retain accents without bringing them into use.
See Mr. Harris's Philological Inquiries, Part 2, Ch. 2. Dr. Warner con-
fines his attention to quantity, and shews how, by our present way of
reading the Greek and Latin poets, we violate not only melody but
sense, and one of the first quotations produced by him is a happy illus
tration of his theory-the two concluding lines of Ajax's admired
prayer.
Ποιησον δ' αιθρην, δος δ' οφθαλμοισιν ιδεσθαι,
Εν δε φαει και ολέσσον επει να τοι ευαδεν ουτως.
This theory of Dr. Warner's is founded on that of Adolphus Macker-
chus, in his Commentary, de veteri et rectâ pronunciatione Linguæ
Græcæ, and of Vossius, who, in his treatise, de Poematum Cantu,
supports, in part, the same system.
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:
There is a full length portrait of Dr. Raine in the hall of
the Charter House, and an inscription to his memory in
Gray's Inn chapel, where he was preacher, will say
every thing of him that is proper. It was written by Dr.
Parra.
Thomas Jones, fellow, commenced A. M. 1739: he
was not a less distinguished mathematical tutor in this
college, than Dr. Raine was a classical, in the Charter-
House school.
Being generally allowed to be one of the most emi-
nent tutors in the University, of his time, I am constrained
to follow the same rule in regard to Mr. Jones, that I
have towards Dr. Raine, for he also has erected no mo-
nument to his fame: the only piece printed of his being
a "Sermon on Duelling.? He was a man of strict
principle, and devoted himself to the conscientious and
laborious office of a college tutor. He never held any
church preferment: but of one, who so sedulously, con-
scientiously, and affectionately devoted himself to the im-
provement of his pupils in the higher sciences, the me-
mory cannot be soon forgotten in the college.
a Since writing the above, I have perused Dr. Parr's honourable in-
scription to Dr. Raine, in Gray's Inn chapel, and take the pleasure of
copying that part of it which relates to the office in which Dr. Raine was
universally allowed to be so eminent, and to the affectionate discharge
of which no better testimony could have been given than that sub-.
joined.-
"Matthæo Raine, S. T. P.
Magistro Liberalium
Artium, Græcis et Latinis Litteris apprimè docto, et Præceptori recte
Vivendi, propter suavitatem sermonis atq. morum dignissimo qui in
loco sancti Parentis haberetur, Discipuli ejus sua sponte suoque sumtu.
H. M. P. C. C.
Dr. Raine died in 1811, aged 51.
TRINITY COLLEGE.
321
Fine as the bust is, erected to his memory, on the
north side of the chapel, it is not reckoned a good like-
ness: but every one who recollects the features of Mr.
Jones, (wgos tidos autopues Cheaça) may contemplate one in
this chapel very near, Mr. Jones's countenance being
universally allowed to bear a strong resemblance to that
of Sir Isaac Newton.
Thomas Robinson, fellow, was A. B. 1772, and pro-
ceeded A. M. 1775. He was a person of a serious
thinking turn of mind, early attached to those views of
Christianity called, by one class of divines, evangelical,
in contradiction to those called, by others, rational, and
which are sometimes denominated methodistical. He
settled in the town of Leicester, where, being a good
scholar, and a man of active benevolence, he became a
very popular preacher, and published Sermons, with
other theological tracts; but is best known by his vo-
lumes of Scripture Biographies.
John Tweddle, fellow, A. M. 1793, was an eminent
classical scholar, and obtained more classical prizes, I
believe, at Cambridge, than ever fell to the lot of an in-
dividual. One year (1788) he carried off all Sir Wil-
liam Browne's prizes, for Greek Ode, Latin Ode, and
Greek and Latin Epigrams; the next, those for the
Greek Ode and Epigrams. In the year 1790 he obtain-
ed one of the classical medals; in 1791, and 1792, a
Bachelor's prize, each time: a like proportion of prizes
he obtained in his college. These were all published in
1798, and, for liberality of sentiment, variety of mat-
Miltoni, in Effigiei ejus Sculptorem.
b Prolusiones Juveniles, Præmiis Academicis dignatæ.
Auctore Ioanne Tweddle, A. B.
Trin. Coll. Cant. Socio.
VOL. II.
Y
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ter, and elegance of composition, form a rich classical
bouquet. Yes! the friends of genius and literature,
perhaps, could have wished that, true to his own poetry
he had never left his dear native England. But the feel-
ings excited by poetry are often transient.
After leaving
college, and studying the law a year or two, in the
Temple, he travelled abroad, and died at Athens.
"Fame is the spur, that the clear spirit doth raise,
(That last infirmity of noble mind)
મ્ય
To scorn delights, and live laborious days;
But the fair guerdon when we hope to gain,
And think to burst forth into sudden blaze,
Comes the blind Fury with th' abhorred shears,
And slits the thin-spun life."-" But not the praise,"
Phoebus replied.----
Milton's Lycidas.
Once more we have to drop a tear over promising
talents early blighted,
As flowers by frost, that their gay wardrobe wear,
When first the white-thorn blows.
*
Philip Mallet possessed a great ardour for political
and metaphysical inquiry, but took no degree: betaking
himself, on leaving college, to the study of the law, he
became a student of Lincoln's Inn. In 1808 he pub
Τα δ' εντι το φέρτατον; τα;
Ο ΑΒΙΟΝ, Τα ματέρ, εχάνει τον νουν
Οιον εσσι κταμα ποθεινον! Ειην,
Μευ Βιοτοιο
Ότι περ λελειμμένον εντι, πρόφρων
Την συνοικος
N. 1. Batavia Rediviva,
¡
TRINITY COLLEGE.
323
lished an edition of Bacon's Advancement of Learning,
with some pertinent reflections on the author; the same
year, an Abridgment of Locke (incomparably the best),
with a well-written, judicious Preface; and in 1812
Hobbes's Treatise of Human Nature, and that on Li-
berty and Necessity; the latter being much of a platform
to Mr. Collins's treatise on the same subject, as the for-
mer held out a strong light to Locke. To Mr. Hobbes's
treatises is prefixed a well-wrought account of his writ-
ings by the editor. In the several narratives, Mr. Mallet.
discovers a thorough insight into the characters of the
authors, and their writings, and gives evidence of his
own probity and discrimination. He died in 1812, aged
36.
Samuel Brooke, in James I.'s reign, was overlooked
in his proper place; but he must not be left out of our
list, though it were only to shew the shifting of theologi-
cal opinion in that period, and the influence which mo-
derated and controlled it: some curious particulars in the
note will illustrate this subject.
a The following is part of a letter, written by Archbishop Laud to
Dr. Brooke: the original is in Trinity College library.
"For your pastoral I take little care, but wish it well: but for your
- tract, I must needs say thus much; 15 years study cannot
but beat out something, and I like it well, that you mean to havethe
judgment of so many and such able men upon it. And if God give me
leisure, and the tract be not too long, I shall be glad to read it too;
and the making even of the old way will to most men seem better than
making a new. Nevertheless, I am as yet where I was; that some
things about these matters are unmasterable in this life: neither can I
think any expression in these matters to be so happy, as to settle all
these difficulties, and however,'l do much doubt whether the king will
take any man's judgment so far as to have these controversies any fur-
ther stirred,"
Y 2
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TRINITY COLLEGE.
Samuel Brooke took his degree of B. D. in 1607, that
of D.D. in 1615, in 1629ª he became master of the
college. He wrote some Latin comedies, which were
performed with great applause before James I. at Cam-
bridge, in 1613. In 1612 he was appointed professor of
divinity at Gresham College, but resigned, on obtaining
the mastership of this.
I am not aware that any of his comedies are printed,
nor any of his theological theses, except one, the title of
which will be found in the notes. He is said, also, to
have written much on predestination and the 39 Ar-
ticles. He died in 1631, and was buried in the college
chapel.
Now let us take a turn into our other poet's corner:
The title of Dr. Brooke's curious printed Thesis is as follows: De
Auxilio divinæ Gratia, Exercitatio Theologica, nimirum an possibile
sit, duos eandem habere gratiæ mensuram, et tamen unus convertatur
et credat, alter non. See Dr. Ward's Lives of the Professors of Gresham
·College, p. 56.
From a letter of this learned professor's to Laud (preserved by Mr.
Prynne), taken in connexion with the archbishop's to him, it appears,
that the ruling clergy of that period, supported by James I. were for
settling the church of England according to the Arminian system; and
yet the very last parliament before were for settling it according to the
Calvinistic. See Rushworth's Collections, vol. 1. Can we then be
surprised at Protestant Reconcilers, and Dr. Paley's Theory of Accom-
modation? Perhaps it may not displease some readers, that one of
Mr. Tweddle's Prolusiones Juveniles, alluded to in the last article, is
a vindication of that very doctrine of Paley's; in unum, quod expedit
Hominibus, Homines obligat. No. viii.
a According to the college register: Anthony Wood (Athenæ Oxon.)
who often undertakes to be a guide in Cambridge matters, when ex-
tremely out of the way himself, dates the time of Dr. Brooke's appoint-
ment to the mastership about the time of his taking his doctor's de-
gree.
TRINITY COLLEGE.
$25
and here we have John Studley, who, in Elizabeth's reign
translated some of Seneca's tragedies into English verse;
George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, author of the Re-
hearsal; Dr. Legge; Capt. Ayloffe; Sir Aston Cock-
ayne, a dramatic writer in Queen Elizabeth's reign; Mr.
Smith, author of a volume of Miscellaneous Poems ;
George Granville, Lord Lansdowne, writer of plays,
and of verses of gallantry and wit; Dr. Rich. Duke, in
Queen Anne's reign; Nathaniel Lee, the admired writer of
tragedies; Mr. Samuel Cobbª; Lewis Eusden, Esq. (fel-
low) poet laureat; and Major John Hanway .
Passed we had before some prose writers, who, occa-
sionally, wrote in verse; and from that numerous class of
writers, who rose, and shewed some lustre, till overpow-
ered by the splendour of Shakspeare, some, perhaps,
might be pointed out, who were of this college; and
though of Bentley I never saw in verse but four poor
lines, yet Francklin, who could translate Sophocles, and
Porson, who could write verse with point, are entitled to
a place among our poetical writers: we have already,
too, seen Tweddle.
Hitherto of learned men: still we have to speak of our
college edifices; but I by no means shall aim to propor-
tion my narrative to the grandeur and extent of the ob-
jects, by a length of description, and minuteness of dis-
crimination.
Enter you ought at the eastern gate, if you wish to
a He translated a poem called the Mouse Trap, and published a vo-
lume of poems in 1722.
He translated some of the Psalms of David into verse, and also some
of Horace's Odes, Catullus, Martial, &c.
• Phillips's Theat. Poetarum (even the edit. of 1800) and Ritson's
Bibliotheca Biogr. rarely ever notice the Colleges.
A
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follow the true course of the buildings, and to perceive
their full effect. The eastern court is in a high degree
magnificent. As you approach, the partial view of the
western side, caught through the gateway, if open, will
appear pleasingly picturesque: the gateway itself adorned
on each side with towers, is worthy of being the entrance
to a stately quadrangle a; grand, without being tawdry,
and its ornaments are appropriate, without being trifling.
What is proper here, the sacredness of the place renders
improper at King's chapel; for the arms and inscriptions
of the founders serve as records; and though the statue
of Harry VIII. as well as those of other royal founders
within the court, are loose pieces of statuary, without the
fine air of the Grecian antique, or the polish of modern
art (for theirs was not the era of English statuary), still
they must excite attention, and will leave the impression
of fitness.
The eastern court consists of lofty towers, the chapel,
master's lodge, and hall, with the apartments of the no-
blemen, fellows, and students, of different extent, and in
different styles of building. This variety gives it the cha-
racter of stateliness, and charm of extent; for, with re-
spect to large buildings, it is a false principle in architec-
ture, that uniformity constitutes its magnificence, as in
poetry and music, that monotony generates the sublime":
in the latter, even the minuter parts have, if I may so
speak, their greatness; and in the objects of sight, as
Αρχομενος δ ΕΡΓΟΥ προσωπον
Χρη θεμεν τηλαυγες.
Pindar, Olymp. 5.
b Τα γε μεν Πολυπτωτα λεγόμενα, Αθροισμοι, και Αντιμεταβολαι,
Κλίμακες, και Αγωνισικώς ως οισθα, και πάντος υψους, και παθες συνεργει.
Longinus de Sublimitate. Edit. Piercii, p. 185.
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uniformity gives an appearance of diminution, variety
gives that of extension a. Hence it is, that though this
grand court of Trinity does not occupy a much larger
space than that of Christ Church, Oxford, in perspec-
tive it appears considerably wider.
Of the separate buildings in this court, the chapel was
built in the reigns, and at the expense, of the queens
Mary and Elizabeth, in the taste of that period, with but
little of the Gothic. If, as before hinted, the exterior fa-
çade of King's, being of the florid Gothic, has, perhaps,
too much of little ornament, this may be thought to have
too little but the portico is elegant. The ante-chapel
being open and undivided, leaves the view undistracted,
nor is it as yet overcrowded with monuments and figures.
Hence the few objects are more striking, and as implying
more selection, leave an impression of greater character.
The statue of Newton strikes immediately every beholder
with reverence, and, as being the great work of Roubi-
liac, was universally admired, till a noble critic thought
he found in it an air of primness or spruceness: but the
general feeling both of the expressed intellect of the phi-
losopher, and the studied execution of the artist, is not
b
a The reader will take notice, that I am speaking of variety here
merely in reference to its effect on objects of vision. Buildings raised
at different periods do not always consult their relation to other build-
ings, but are commonly regulated on the principle of convenience at
the time, and therefore do not always admit of architectural considera-
tions. As to the faults, therefore, in this court, pointed out by Mr.
Dallaway (Observations on English Architecture, p. 186), “that the
habitable parts appear positively low, that the roofs expose a range of
garret windows of a very awkward shape-that even in the specimen of
the architecture in one angle, in which it was intended to rebuild the
whole, the height is not sufficient for the space in which it stands-
they should be made in reference to both those principles.
b Lord Orford.
1
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1
likely to yield, and is so well expressed in the lines often
quoted, that I venture, without apology, to quote them
again.
Behold a prism within his hands,
Absorb'd in thought great Newton stands;
Such was his brow, and look serene,
His serious gait, and musing miến,
When taught on eagle wings to fly,
He trac'd the wonders of the sky;
The chambers of the sun explor'd,
Where tints of thousand hues were stor❜d.
Behind the statue of 'Sir Isaac Newton is a tablet mo-
nument, to the memory of Mr. Roger Cotes, fellow of
this college, the contemporary and friend of Sir Isaac.
The inscription written by Dr. Bentley, forcibly expresses
the genius of Cotes:
H. S. E.
Rogerus Roberti Filius Cotes,
Hujus Collegii S. Trinitatis socius,
Et Astronomiæ et experimentalis
Philosophiæ Professor Plumianus ;
Qui immaturâ morte præreptus,
Pauca quidem ingenii sui
Pignora reliquit,
Sed egregia, sed admiranda,
Ex intimis matheseos penetralibus,
Felici solertia tum primum eruta:
Post magnum illum Newtonum
Societatis hujus spes altera
Et Decus gemellum.
"That is, who, being fellow of this college of Trinity,
and Plumian professor of astronomy and experimental
philosophy, hurried away by immature death, left few
testimonies of his genius; but those were select, were
admirable, then first drawn out by the happy sagacity of
1
TRINITY COLLEGE.
329
his own genius, from the most inward recesses of ma-
thematics; next to that great Newton, the other hope,
and twin ornament of this society." He died in 1716,
aged 36.
The bust that was last erected, already mentioned as a
good bust, but a bad likeness, expresses the sagacity, but
not the gentleness and benevolence, of the late Mr. Jones.
I mention this circumstance again, for the sake of insert-
ing the note at the bottom of the page a.
If you felt and admired the effect produced by fine
painted windows in the interior perspective of King's
Chapel, you will feel and lament the want of them in this.
But you must not fail to admire here, Mr. West's painting
of Michael binding Satan, over the altar; nor to take your
stand, during divine service, at the western end, near the
statue of Newton: should there be excited within you
no abstractions from the world, no grand sympathies, no
religious affections, no poetic feelings—whatever opinions
you may entertain of the human system-if you feel
none of these, conclude that your mechanism is not right,
and that you have no business there.
In your way to the hall you pass the master's lodge, a
building of some extent, and rendered gay and agreeable
by a few evergreens, and a parapet in front. Here it is,
that kings and queens, princes and judges, are entertained,
when honouring the university with a visit;-you will
a On viewing, some years ago, the bust of Newton, in the picture
gallery at Oxford, I immediately perceived the resemblance, without
knowing whose bust it was; and, on my observing to the guide, that it
was a great likeness to the mathematical tutor of Trinity College, he
replied, (he was himself not a young man,) that a person in years, to
whom he was shewing the gallery some years ago, and who knew Newton,
instantly recognized its likeness to Sir Isaac before he knew it was his
bust.
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TRINITY COLLEGE.
conclude, then, that it is spacious within, and not only
commodious, but magnificent: you will conclude, too,
there are some good portraits here. Those reckoned the
best are, the Earl of Essex, painted by Garrard: Jose-
phus Justus, Julius Cæsar Scaliger, by Paul Veronese;
and that of the founder, Henry VIII. by Lucas de Heere.
This, indeed, is Henry the giant, being nine or ten feet in
height. The adjoining hall is a fine old Gothic building,
in which, though the square-headed windows are not in
harmony with the style, they are more favourable to vision
than the narrow pointed Gothic, a matter of greater ac-
count in a large room, where gentlemen dine; you are sur-
rounded with portraits, some full-length, some original;
and the principle of association may, perhaps, take prece-
dency of the rules of your art.-You are encircled with
mementos of some of the greatest geniuses this country
has produced. When your surprise is allowed to abate,
will be at leisure to criticise.
you
Hence you naturally pass over to a combination room,
a square elegant apartment, worthy of a great college,
where the fellows meet, after dinner, to take their social
glass, or to transact college business. Here too, are some
good portraits. You will be at leisure to admire a fine
painting of the Marquis of Granby leaning on his horse,
a black groom standing by; and of paying your respects
to two chancellors, Henry Seymour, Duke of Somerset,
and Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, who were
both educated in this college.
Pass we now to the western quadrangle. Here is no-
thing Gothic, nothing Roman: every thing is Grecian :
and if this court does not equal the former in extent, va-
A full-length portrait. by Romney.
!
TRINITY COLLEGE.
331
3
:
riety, and magnificence, it surpasses it in beauty, the
whole being a mixture of the Doric and Ionic orders, a
delightful combination of the characteristics of those
orders, elegance, lightness, and strength.
This is called Nevile's Court, from Dr. John Nevile,
the principal contributor towards the building. The whole
quadrangle is said to have cost 20,000l. Baker, in his ac-
count of St. John's, Appen. says, the north and south sides
cost each 15001. The east side consists of a short flight
of steps, by which you ascend to a terrace, and have over
you a fine pediment and balustrade, of the Doric order.
The north and south are accommodated, in the upper part,
for students' chambers; the under, composed of a colon-
nade, with open parapets, of the Doric order, form fine
ambulatories. The western, which presents you with the
library, was built subsequently to the other parts, being
begun under the mastership of Dr. Barrow, and earnestly
prosecuted by him. The lower part, of the Doric
order, consists of an open arcade, and forms a wide ex-
tended ambulatory, with three Doric portals. The upper,
of the Ionic, very agreeably, but modestly, and appropri-
ately ornamented in front with its volutes, festoons, che-
rubs, and other emblematic figures, forms the library.
Such as know how favourable architecture has been,
and still is, to the accommodations and conveniences of
life; who have followed its progress from Egypt to
Greece, from Greece to Rome, and thence to the
states of modern Europe, who have studied the propor-
tions, the appropriate decorations, nice arrangements, and
the gradual intermixtures of the Grecian orders, might make
a Study of this spot. Here it was our great master of Pal-
ladian architecturea, surveyed his own work, and was satis-
a Sir Christopher Wren.
$32
TRINITY COLLEGE.
!
fied. Any artist, too, might linger here long: and with a
proper exercise for his taste, might receive peculiar delight
and proportionable improvement.
“But I am not, also, an artist." Aware that modern
artists have varied in their applications of the rules and
ornaments of the Grecians, from ancient, have differed
among one another, and sometimes from themselves a, I
shall not attempt to enter into the niceties of architecture. I
shall only say to young persons, not absorbed wholly in the
studies of the University, this court may supply the place
of a lecture room on architecture. As to myself, I shall
indulge only a general feeling: and, I will suppose, that
my traveller has sympathized with me: so now, after
admiring the exterior the beauty of design-the elegance
of ornament-the simplicity of decorum-and the adapta-
tion of the whole to destined purposes of accommoda-
tion-I conclude he will have no objection to paying a short
visit to the interior part. This you ascend to by a wide
staircase of black marble.
►
On entering the library, the effect 'strikes you immedi-
ately—a long, open, elegant room, without galleries, and
giving a full unobstructed display of the proportions.
The flooring of black and white marble; the cases of
Norway oak; the ceiling stuccoed with numerous busts,
some of admirable workmanship, and all proper to the
place, together with a proportion of suitable expressive
portraits, each will strike with its peculiar force, and all
together produce a full delight. To the painted window
at the western end, and to that alone, some objection has
been made, partly, as being little and forced in the design,
• Evelyn's translation of Monseineur Noyer's "Whole Body of An-
cient and Modern Architecture."
b Those of Bacon, Newton, Willoughby, and Gray.
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་
partly, as unsuitable to the order of architecture (the
Ionic) to which it is attached.
1
As to the contents of this library, those, you may be
sure, are highly valuable, and many articles rare and
unique. Rich it is in printed books, MSS. and antiqui-
ties. Among the MSS. may be mentioned-were it only
for their being curiosities (though some literary questions
are concerned in them) some of Milton's poems, in his
own hand-writing, which shew that he originally intended
his Paradise Lost as a sort of drama (in the manner of
the Mysteries, so called in a preceding age), and Dr.
Bentley's MS. additions of the Æolic digamma to his
edition of Homera. The Arabic MSS. also left by Dr.
Gale, and those principally relating to English antiqui-
ties, left by his son, Dr. Roger Gale, are accounted
very valuable. Sir Isaac Newton's own copy of the
Principia, with his MS. Notes, are possessed by the
principal mathematical tutor for the time being.
As to antiquities-the Sigean inscription-the stones,
brought from the Picts wall by Sir John Cotton-the Ba-
bylonian brick-with their inscriptions, and other things,
that would furnish matter for much curious speculation,
it must suffice just to hint at these-a few ideas on those
subjects are reserved for another opportunity; and so hav-
ing taken just a glance at the interior of this library, let
us take a short walk on the western side.
Many of our pleasures we derive from contrast: and
* Dr. Bentley's copy carries the Eolic Digamma further than Dr.
Taylor's, I think through the whole Iliad. It appears from one of
Heyne's Excursuses to the Iliad, that it was sent to him at Leipsic, for
the purpose of his edition of 1802. Dawes, in his Miscellanea Critica,
(sect. iv.) has shewn that Dr. Bentley has applied this letter improperly
to words in the Ionic dialect.
334
TRINITY COLLEGE.
what contrasts greater than the horrors of war and the
sweets of peace? Than the cruel clashing of the sword,
and the innocent, useful direction of the scythe and
sickle? Than the cries of heroes untimely slain in battle,
and the deaths of poets and philosophers sinking to rest
in academical quiet? This pleasure may be enjoyed now
near these walks, in perfection. For in regard to mao-
dern times,
Quis non Latino sanguine pinguior
Campus sepulchris impia prælia
Testatur, auditumą. Medis.
Hesperiæ sonitum ruinæ ?
Quæ gurges, aut quæ flumina lugubris
Ignara belli? Quod mare Dauniæ
Non decoloravere cædes?
Quæ caret ora cruore nostro?
Horace, Lib. ii. Od. 1.
Some allusions have already been made to these walks.
We have already admired the vista of rows of lime and
elm, forming a fine Gothic arch, leading from this li-
brary, and terminating in Coton Church. The other re-
quire no particular description: it may suffice to say they
are straight and spacious, adapted to sociability, rather
than contemplation. One feature there however is, not
to be overlooked; that is, the river.
Water is almost essential to scenery; and as the pro-
per disposition of it is a prime excellence, so is it a true
criterion of taste in landscape-gardening. It appears,
that before Nevile's Court was erected, Cam moved
through the grounds, which now enclose it, nearer the
college walls, in its way towards St. John's. It was,
:
5
TRINITY COLLEGE.
335
A
however, prevailed on to alter its course, to make room
for the site of that quadrangle.
The alteration was made advantageously for the col-
lege, and, as appears, with no disadvantage to the river.
On the contrary, it is now enabled to assume a more
smiling appearance, and to give something of cheerful-
ness and embellishment to the scene. A nuisance
A nuisance was,
perhaps, removed, and a benefit communicated; for as
the river now moves near St. John's western walls, its
scents, at ebb tide, are offensive; and at flood inconveni-
ences arise from the navigation.
Natural rivers always take their characters from the as-
pect of the surrounding country; by following the incli-
nation of the ground, they are suited to the adjoining ob-
jects. Hence they take all their distinctness-their pro-
prieties-realities: and artificial waters, if not made to
take the resemblance of natural, will proportionably lose
their effect. Nature, indeed, does not work by plummet
and rule; but by something surer: and the correctness of
her designs, the beneficence of her operations, and the
wisdom of her executions, may be seen, if man would
look deep enough.
The river now displays, on this side of the college, a
gentle slope, a smooth surface, and a slow unruffled our-
rent. There is thrown over it a beautiful cycloidical
bridge, with three arches, of excellent workmanship;
and it has, both ways, an agreeable and picturesque ter-
mination, resembling a lake or piece of made water in a
gentleman's park, and, upon the whole, we owe it some
obligations.
It is right to take as much pleasure as we innocently
can, and not to suffer our judgment to be over-ruled by
heterogeneous associations. Probable it is, that great
!
:
336
TRINITY COLLEGE.
Milton, in his dislikes expressed of this river, had inter-
mingled his ideas of college strictness, church ceremo-
nies, hatred of King James's three darling articles, and
contempt of Charles I. But they have nothing to do
here.
On contemplating the character of a river—that is, the
GENIUS of the stream-we should consider, that as
sounding rough torrents of water naturally belong to
rocky, irregular countries, as swiftly gliding streams take
their course naturally by the foot of mountains, on the
side of woods, and through narrow vallies, not less natu-
rally, in an agricultural flat country, do rivers take a slow
monotonous course-one engenders the other; and both
are in an exact harmony with each other.
Here, perhaps, some may ask, if the course of the
Cam has been altered, so as to add something of particu-
lar delectation and of local improvement, why could it
not have obeyed, to a still greater extent, the genius of
Mr. Brown, and have combined a more extensive utility
with a more general satisfaction and delight?
Some have thought, that the improvement, in some
future period, will still be made*. "But, perhaps, (says
Mr. Ashby, after speaking of the acknowledged advan-
tages of Mr. Brown's scheme) "as ghosts formerly did not
carry their point till a third appearance, and as the same
was, with the paving scheme, now generally applauded,
we must be content to wait till this scheme is, at some
propitious moment, again proposed for the third time.”
And now, on leaving Cam (for he will not be intro-
duced again), let us give him a hearty farewell: let us
exchange, by the help of a little fancy, our day-visit for
a moonlight scene. Suppose the moon to be spreading a
• Hints on Mr. Brown's Plan. MS.
TRINITY COLLEGE.
887
+
trembling light through the trees, its face reflected on the
river, and its beams spread broad and full over Trinitý
College library :
The moon shines bright—in such a night as this,
When the sweet wind does gently kiss the trees,
And they do make no noise-in such a night-
Merchant of Venice.
-It is most favourable to meditation.-If not choosing
to return, and put yourself in the formal posture of con-
templation, carry the idea away, and indulge in the still-
ness of the evening, (for the subject of this chapter will
authorize it) a little serious thought, and a few benevolent
affections.
This survey that has been made of the learned men of
Trinity College, exhibits, you are aware, among others,
some of the most distinguished for talents of mankind.
Different they were in capacities, in studies, inclinations,
and attainments. They also differed much in opinions :
they had disputes economical and political, philosophical
and critical, metaphysical and theological. Sometimes
divided among each other, sometimes changing, and dif-
fering from themselves. You have perceived here exhi-
bited, and on a large scale, the true picture of man, of
rational, intellectual man, the most finished work,—if one
is more finished than another-in our system of the great
Demiourgos of Nature!
With the philosophy, which teaches us "above all
things to reverenceª ourselves," let us learn to mix re-
W
VOL. II.
πάντων δε μάλις' αισχύνει σαυτον.
א
Z
Pythagoras.
338
TRINITY COLLEGE.
spect for others. These two tempers not being duly in-
termixed, we shall have an explosion and a shock. By
observing the varieties of human nature, and the proprie-
ties of each being, we may collect rules for right judg-
ing. Let us learn the principles of toleration from
Locke, and be assured, that, independently of our tribu-
nal, man may claim private judgment,--that the rights of
conscience are sacred and inalienable. In the presence
of such men, let us not censure at random, nor hastily
condemn: let us be taught our fallibility; and in steering
our course over the sea of human opinions, take as our
rudder, and our compass, modesty, in pursuing our own
speculations, moderation, in judging those of other
men.
1
Yes! exist there will different opinions, different dis-
putes, and different inclinations, among learned men,
and different passions and interests will characterize them.
But let us study a manliness and perfection in our philo-
sophy; let us cultivate a completeness both of benevo-
lence and beneficence. We have been walking over the
ashes of men, who have every where monuments erected
to their fame: let us aspire after excellence from their
talents, and their literature, and be taught humility from
their errors and mistakes: and hence, too, let us find an
exercise for some of the better feelings of our nature :
Epist. de Tolerantia. There is an excellent Prolusion of Mr. Twed-
dle's, on Locke (No. 9) delivered in Trinity College Chapel; though
he omits noticing these letters. But Locke's name is closely connected
with toleration; for, and as Mr. T. notices (after his banishment) Rediit
in illâ nave, quæ Gulielmum vexatæ et oppressæ libertatis vindicem
vehebat.
• Φιλοκαλούμεν τε γαρ μετ' ευτελείας, και φιλοσοφουμεν άνευ μαλακίας.
Fericlis Funeb. Oratio. Apud Thucydidem.
1
TRINITY COLLEGE.
339
1
we may learn as well from what is imperfect, as from
what is great in man:
Their tears, their little triumphs o'er,
Their human passions now no more,
Save charity, that glows beyond the tomb 2.
Gray.
a It is well known, that the members of this college have been always
distinguished by their great variety of opinions, both political and theo-
logical, and by disputes, which relate rather to private and college
concerns, than doctrinal controversies. These all make a proper part
of college history, though they have not been introduced into it here.
But as the conclusion of this chapter is the result of that state of opi-
nion and dissention, so it may be proper to make a few allusions
to them, though, in the words principally of other writers.
We may pass over the disputes of the loyalists and puritans, in
Charles L.'s reign, in which, though as we have seen, this college had its
full share, it was only in common with the other colleges. In a s■c-
ceeding period, the dissentions about the non-jurors were warm; but
one between the fellows and Dr. Bentley, the master, lasted many
years, relating to the Doctor's conduct in regard to college revenues,
the dividends of fellows, his ejection of fellows, taking improper fees,
&c. In these disputes, the college were much divided, and men of
great talents, being fellows, strenuously opposed Dr. Bentley. “A
petition was presented to the Bishop of Ely, the visitor, de amotione
magistri, in 1709," by Mr. Miller (author of a History of Cambridge).
By Dr. Bentley was printed "The present State of Trinity College,”
addressed to the Bishop as the Visitor, and, in reply, some "Consi-
derations on the present State," &c. were published.
Dr. Middleton, being a fellow, took part both in the College dispute,
and that relating to fees of office, against Dr. Bentley; and afterwards
published Remarks de Editione Novi Testamenti susceptâ a Bentleio,
which is printed in Dr. Middleton's works; and he defeated Dr. Bent-
ley's design. Dr. Peirce also wrote on the latter subject, and took the
same side, against Dr. B. though he had been put into a fellowship by
him. This tract is also contained in Bishop Peirce's works.
As to theological opinions, there has been great variety in this col-
Dr. Barrow, it appears, from his sermons on the Apostle's
lege.
z 2
340
TRINITY COLLEGE.
:
POSTSCRIPT.
Two poetical writers were omitted, but may be in-
serted here, as being also statesmen; one is, Charles
Creed, was very orthodox; (in the use of that word some reference
must be supposed to the national standard, the Apostle's, and the Atha-
nasian Creeds) perhaps as much so as Dr. Waterland, author of a
Critical History of the Athanasian Creed, who calls it the most accu-
rate system of the Christian faith. Bishop Pearson also, formerly
master of this house, wrote on the Apostle's Creed, with equal ortho-
doxy; and others have been as strenuous assertors of the same doc-
trine, according to the statement of it in the leading doctrines in the 39
Articles.
On the other hand, Dr. Middleton is generally represented as a
sceptic, and was one of a learned party, who met at a coffee-house in
Cambridge, who were supposed to incline to free-thinking. Thus Mr.
Masters (Baker's Memoirs, &c. p. 112) speaking of the party, says,
" ke (Middleton) gave great offence by some of his writings, both to
the public and to some of his particular friends, which brought upon
him many reflections, and put a stop to his preferment; but whatever
his real' sentiments of the Christian religion were," &c. and a little
further on, he adds, "that Mr. Baker himself, after his many open`
declarations concerning Revelation, was thought by some to have been
infected by the Doctor with the principles of Infidelity, from frequently
conversing with him in this public way, and with many other learned
persons of his acquaintance:" and among Mr. Cole's MSS. there is a
Letter of Dr. Middleton's, copied by Cole from his hand-writing, in
which he thanks God more for what he does not believe, than for what he
does believe. Thus, too, Bishop Warburton, who professes to have had
great esteem for Middleton, and to have thought him an honest man-
"But, good God! (he exclaims) that man, for the discourtesies done
him by his miserable fellow-creatures, should be content to divest him-
self of the true viaticum, the comfort, the solace, the asylum from all
the evils of human life, is perfectly astonishing." Dr. Warburton to
Mr. Hurd, July 11, 1750:-From all which testimonies made by those
who well knew Dr. Middleton, it is clear what their opinion was: yet
from his "Inquiry into the miraculous Powers," no such opinion can be
formed, except by inference: for neither does he in that book, nor
3

!
CHARLES MONTAGU.
EARL of HALIFAX.
Uor M
TRINITY COLLEGE.
341
Montague, Earl of Hallifax, a writer both in verse and
prose, in King William's reign. He died in 1715; the
other, George Stepney, Esq. friend of the Earl of
indeed Mr. Collins, in his "Discourse on Free-thinking," nor Mr.
Woolston, in his "Discourses on the Miracles," books already de-
scribed, profess any open disbelief on Christianity...
The name of Mr. Collins will remind some readers of his "Discourse
on Free-thinking,” (1713) to which Mr. Whiston replied in "Reflections
on an anonymous Pamphlet," &e, and Dr. Bentley, in his "Remarks
upon a late Discourse, &c. By Phileleutherus Lipsiensis." This latter
is written with the author's wonted acuteness, and many inaccuracies
in quotations from classical and theological writings are pointed out,
with great adroitness, by Dr. Bentley: yet does Whiston, who was
well acquainted with Dr. Bentley, and whose veracity was never ques-
tioned, whatever his judgment may have been, say, speaking of a
conversation had with Dr. Bentley on some passages in the Old and
New Testament, "Nor need any one hereafter wonder at Dr. Bentley's
scepticism as to both the Old and New Testament: but take notice, I
only say scepticism, not infidelity:" Whiston's Memoirs, written by
himself. What Dr. Bentley's peculiar sentiments were, it perhaps
would not be very easy to collect.
{
It is well known, the advocates of the Hutchinsonian philosophy have
opposed that of Sir Isaac Newton, as not to be reconciled to what is
taught in the Old Testament; and that as Mr. Hutchinson opposed to it
the Principia Mosis, so some of his disciples have questioned New-
ton's orthodoxy, from his known intimacy with Dr. Halley and others
of Dr. H.'s sentiments.
Mr. Haines, who had held an office in the Mint, at the same time
with Sir Isaac, and was in great intimacy with him (in consequence of
a conversation with Sir Isaac Newton), in the Preface to his
"Scripture Account of the Attributes and Worship of God, and of the
Character and Offices of Jesus Christ,” 2d edition, intimates, that Sir
Isaac Newton was a Socinian, or Unitarian. This, however, is denied
by Bishop Horsley, a strenuous assertor of the Trinity, who says,
"that the insinuation made by Sir Isaac, that the Trinity is not to be
derived from the baptismal form, is very extraordinary to come from
one who was no Socinian." Yet Bishop Horsley has himself published
:
342
TRINITY COLLEGE.
Hallifax, envoy to the Elector of Brandenburgh, in
1692. He died in 1711. He seems to have taken no
degree. And among the more distinguished noblemen
educated here, should be mentioned the late Duke of
Bedford, then Lord Russel.
One more member was deferred to the last, with no
impropriety. This was Robert Garnham, A. M. 1777,
fellow. He was a skilful critic in the Hebrew and Greek
scriptures, though there is little of his extant in this way,
except what is to be found in a critical miscellany on
the scriptures, in 3 volumes, entitled Commentaries and
Essays, in which, among other things, he has made
Newton's Historical Account of two notable Corruptions of the Scrip-
ture, in a Letter to a Friend, one of which was discussed so much at
large in Mr. Porson's Letters to Archdeacon Travis. So that what this
great man's peculiar opinions were on the doctrine of the Trinity, will
be decided on differently by different persons.
Whiston it is well known, and, as appears from his Memoirs, vol. 1,
inclined to the doctrine of the Baptists, and attended the ministry of
their famous minister, Dr. Foster, in London: he asserts, also, in the
same work, that Sir Isaac Newton and Dr. Clarke inclined to the same
sentiment: but Sir Isaac Newton was not a divine, and might perhaps
not think it necessary to avow his particular doctrines.
In Lord Bacon's writings there are several things that are favourable
to the orthodox faith, yet again, there are others, that have made them
questionable, in the judgment of many: that his belief did not extend
far, and, indeed, that being a great statesman, he had in some
matters, perhaps from conviction as well as from prudence, been be-
forehand with Mr. Hobbes, in his book DE CIVE, a political theologian,
rather than a theological politician, has been the opinion of many
thinking and intelligent men. See his dedication to the Advance-
ment of Learning, and other things, in a similar strain, in that, after
all, most excellent work.
With respect to the learned, in more modern times, of this college,
some have, in like manner, highly favoured the more orthodox doc-
trines, and others, it is well known, have not,
TRINITY COLLEGE.
343
1
some judicious critiques on Bishop Lowth's and Mr.
Dodson's Translations of Isaiah.
A sermon of Mr. Garnham's, against Popery,
(preached in this college chapel in 1794) should be men-
tioned, though it were only to notice the extracts from
the college statutes, prefixed. It seems, the statutes, to
an obedience to which the fellows are sworn, only bind
them, " opiniones Dei verbo contrarias omni voluntate
ac mente refutare; vera consuetis, scripta non scriptis,
in religionis causâ antehabere." This fact will account
for a circumstance relating to this college, which is, that
while some learned gentlemen have not chosen to hold
church livings, as believing opinions not consonant to
the orthodox doctrines, they have yet, they think, very
conscientiously retained their fellowships. Of this num-
ber was Mr. Garnham: he held no preferment in the
church, but died fellow of this society, and was deemed
a very upright man. This circumstance too will account
for, and sanction, a diversity of opinion in the house,
which, therefore, Mr. Garnham calls, both for its oppo-
sition to Popery, and for the liberty allowed by its sta-
tutes to its members, "a truly Protestant college."
+
•
1
+
[344]
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
THIS is neither so ancient, nor so large, nor so magni-
ficent a college as some others; nor is it so ample in its
endowment, nor so memorable for its number,-being a
younger foundation,---of distinguished personages. Yet a
character it has of its own. As a building, it is elegant,
without being frivolous, and various, without being
crowded; and as a neat whole, its elevation is, perhaps,
one of the most agreeable in the University. It has one
of the best livings: it is remarkable for its genteel so-
ciety; it has produced its due proportion of ingenious
and learned men; and being founded by one who in-
clined to the Puritans, it was, in its origin, considered a
good deal as a nursery for such as were not over-hearty
in their attachment to the prescribed discipline of the
church.
The college was built on the site, and partly of the
materials, of an old monastery, which had been occupied
by a society of preaching, or Black Friars, professing
the order of the famous St. Dominic, called, in the
Saxon Chronicle, the father of all monks, and said to
have ascended to heaven, A. 509. But, as the dissolution
of monasteries, and the dispersion of their revenues hap-
;

DorM
Drawn & Artby Greig
Emanuel College
the Proprietors, by Tengman, karna Row. Jana
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
345
pened under Henry VIII. and as, in the original foun-
dation, no two houses coalesced into one, nor yet the
revenues of the former house constituted any part in
those of the latter, all historical or biographical research
into the state of the monastery lies beyond our inquiry.
That Emmanuel College was, in some measure, origi-
nally a nursery for Puritans, is known to every one; and
every one too will remember the curious old song, called
the MAD PURITAN, meant as a banter, but characteris
tic of the place-
In the house of Pure Emanuel
I had my education,
Where my friends surmise
I dazzled my eyes
With the light of revelation:
Boldly I preach,
Hate a cross, hate a surpliée,
Mitres, copes, and rotchets;
Come hear me pray
Nine times a day,
And fill your head with crotchets *,
It is not less known, that the celebrated Butler
made excellent fun this way (I borrow Gray's language
´on another subject), when we understand him. Never
was humour more plentifully poured forth, nor satire less
equitably distributed for observed it ought to be, that
at the time we are alluding to, the greatest part of the
learned of the land were either eagerly affected, or fa-
vourably inclined that way."
:
Pierce's Collection of English Ballads.
b Letter of Mr. George Cranmer to Mr. Hooker, pref. to his Eccle-
siastical Polity.-My edition, of 1631, has not this letter in it
346
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
This is the concession of those very men, who op-
posed Puritanism; and the fact is, that the Reformers
wished to have carried their principles further than they
did: Puritanism was but an effort to give them fuller
effect, and to carry them further. From the time of
Henry VIII. to Charles II. great was the conflict among
Papists, Episcopalians, and Puritans, throughout the
nation; and in the conflict politicians and theologians
were alike engaged. In Henry's, Edward's, and Eliza-
beth's reigns, many who inclined to Popery conformeð
to Episcopacy, and in Mary's, many who had conformed
to Episcopacy embraced Poperya: in Elizabeth's, James
the First's, and the two Charles's reigns, numerous were
the Puritans who kept in with the church". These
public facts gave birth to the popular ballad entitled
"THE VICAR OF BRAY."
Whether this fluctuating state of opinion was influ-
enced by policy and state expediency, or conviction and
mere Christian simplicity, matters not. Many became
satisfied with the established church. Many were se-
cretly disaffected, wished for some alteration, or publicly
opposed the established form. Those intended by Puri-
tans in the course of this work, are of the latter descrip-
tion.
These distinctions are made with two views; one, a
desire, expressed before, to keep an even balance be-
tween contending parties; the other, with no censur-
able respect for my old founder; a desire that his
nursery of Puritans should not be thought of too con-
a See Bishop Burnet's Travels, p. 51, 52; ed. Rotterdam, 1686,
Hist. of the Reform. Part 2.
Hume's Hist. of England. `-
•
!
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
347
temptibly. Dr. Dillingham says, that Sir Walter spake
of his act in founding the college," as that of planting an
acorn, of which he could not then see the issueª. Dr.
Fuller makes this observation turn into a discourse,
which Sir Walter had with Queen Elizabeth: “So, Sir
Walter, you have been founding a college for Puritans.”
To which he replied, "I have been sowing an acorn",
and God only knows what fruit it will bear; but I hope it
will produce nothing unfavourable to your majesty's go-
vernment." The principal of Elizabeth's ministers were
Puritans.
On the north entrance is to be read, Sacræ Theologiæ
studiosis posuit Gualterus Mildmaius, A. D. 1584:
that is, Walter Mildmay erected this house for students
of sacred theology, A. D. 1584. He was descended of
an ancient family, chancellor of the exchequer, and a
privy counsellor of Queen Elizabeth".
But to be more particular. Walter Mildmay was a
younger son of Thomas Mildmay, Esq. of Chelmsford,
in Essex, and a student, as before stated, of Christ Col-
lege, under Mr. Chadderton. He was advanced for his
skill in the mathematics, by Henry VIII. to a very pro-
fitable office in the Court of Augmentation, and knighted
• Sic ergo glans quernea a Mildmaio plantata (ut de sese gaudebat
loqui) aliquando in arborem evasura. Vita Chaddertoni. A Willelmo
Dillingham, S.T. P.
b Hist. of Cambridge.
← Charter of Foundation. The Mildmays were a very ancient family,
and of consequence in the reign of King Stephen. One attended Ri-
chard I. to the Holy Land, and received from that monarch an achieve-
ment, which now constitutes the arms of the family.
d As being in bellis suis non inutilem. Vit. Chaddertoni.
348
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
by him.
He continued in favour under Edward VI. but
lived in retirement during the reign of Mary: under that
of Elizabeth he was received again into royal favour, and
raised by her to be secretary of state and one of her privy
counsellors.
Certainly we may infer that he was a person of some
abilities, and account, from his filling an office where
considerable talents are required; but still more from
the style of his appointment: for he was not one of those
ministers reserved from the former reign, but the minis-
ter of Elizabeth's own choice: and every one knows how
judicious, to a proverb, she was in the selection of her
ministers.
Sir Walter, as a public man, was not less admired for
his integrity than ability; not prodigal of the public
money, though chancellor of the exchequer; popular,
yet independent, he neither favoured faction, nor was a
tool of the court; considered by some as a better patriot
than subject. But, though his sun set in a cloud, it was
without spot, and covered only his enemies with disgrace.
It is well observed of him," that being employed by
virtue of his high office to advance the queen's treasure,
he did it industriously, faithfully, and conscionably, with-
out wronging the subject, being very tender of their pri-
vileges; insomuch, that he complained in parliament,
that many subsidies were granted in parliament, yet no
grievances redressed: which words being represented to
the queen, made her disaffect him, setting in a court-
cloud, but (as he goeth on) in the sunshine of his coun-
try, and a clear conscience a " He died A. D. 1585
leaving two sons and three daughters: and Queen Eliza-
▪ Statesmen and Favourites of England, p. 366.
- EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
349
beth expressed her grief in losing so upright a council-
lor. In short, he appears to have been a man who kept
an even course between the domineering denunciations of
a demagogue, and the suppleness of a court-sycophant.
He was a man of the milder virtues. Fond of literature,
as he was, for its own sake, it was natural for him to be-
come its patron, for the benefit of others. Even here,
too, in his measure of being so, he seems to have taken
a lesson from his conscience. Hence it was, as we have
seen, he founded, in more early life, a Hebrew lecture-
ship in Christ College. He was one of that circle of
distinguished men, who assembled with Mr. Ascham at
Lord Treasurer Burleigh's, when our grammar-literature
was so shrewdly examined, and our school-discipline sa
justly censured a. Horace has drawn his picture.
Justum et tenacem propositi virum,
Non civium ardor, prava jubentium,
Nec vultus instantis tyranni
Mente quatit solida.
Horace.
As to his college of Emmanuel, it was, at first, nei-
ther large nor very amply endowed. But either before
or at his death, Sir Walter enlarged it, by giving the ad-
vowson of the vicarage of Stainground, in Huntingdon-
shire, to which, as being small, he added the great tythes
of Farcet, in the same parish. Thus he doubled the in-
come b
•
Other patrons, and in good abundance, followed;
• Preface to the Schoolmaster.
▸ R. Smyth's MS.
350
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
among whom are enumerated, Sir Henry Mildmay, bro-
ther of the founder, Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, with
his brother Sir Francis Hastings, Sir Francis Walsing-
ham, secretary of state to Queen Elizabeth, Thomas
Earl of Westmorland, heir of the founder, Sir Wolstan
Dixie, lord mayor of London, Robert Johnson, B. D.
archdeacon of Leicester, Francis Ashe, Esq. merchant
of London, Dr. Whichcote, fellow, afterwards provost
of King's, Dr. Thorpe, prebendary of Canterbury, fel-
low;
"John Browne, of London, gent. in 1662 found-
ed three scholarships of 101. per annum each, and to be
held for seven years, for those sent from Christ Hospi-
tala;" Dr. Sudbury, dean of Durham; and particu-
larly archbishop Sancroft, who liberally contributed to-
wards building the present chapel, left to the library a
very valuable collection of books, and settled on the col-
lege estates and livings, in his life-time. These and
other benefactors might be mentioned: nor have ladies
been backward in their patronage; among whom are
mentioned, Lady Grace Mildmay, wife of Sir Henry
Mildmay; Mrs. Joyce Franklin; Mrs. Alice Owen,
wife of Judge Owen; Lady Sadlier, who founded a lec-
ture in algebra; Mrs. Ann Hunt, and Mrs. Elizabeth
Walter.
To crown all, notwithstanding the puritanic quality of
this acorn, Queen Elizabeth herself condescended to
water it with the streams of her royal bounty, and her
a R. Smyth's MS.
• Συδβυριον, κλυτον ουνόμ, αει φιλον Εμμανιηλί,
Εμμανιηληων Εκκαλαύρων ος παναρίσω
Αργυρεον κατ' έτος, κεντρον γλυκυ, δωκε κύπελλον.
Jos. Barnesii Eucharisterion.
1
1

_Draynu & Eng by Z isreig
Chapel of Emanuel Colleges.
Published for the Proprietors. by Longman &C Paternoster Row,.
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
351
principal ministers favoured its growth: so it rose, and
continued to spread. In the charter of foundation Eliza-
beth condescended to include a mortmain of 401. per
annum.
This foundation-charter is a public instrument, the
most elegant of any I ever saw-wrought on the finest
vellum, surrounded with various emblematical devices,
and displaying, at the top, the portrait of Elizabeth,
beautifully decorated; as though the good knight felt a
glow of gallantry in the design, and intended to exhibit
the Virgin-Queen, his patroness, as
A goddesse heav'nly bright,
Mirrour of grace and majestie divine,
Great ladie of the greatest isle, whose light,
Like Phœbus light, throughout the world doth shine.
Spenser's Faerie Queene.
Next let us proceed to our learned and eminent
men.
Laurence Chadderton, the first master, is considered
by the author of his life almost as a co-founder, the plan
of a new college having been formed by them in union,
while of Christ's College: and on Chadderton's once de-
murring a little to accept the appointment, Mildmay
said, "If you will not agree to be master, I will never be
founder a" a declaration which brought the matter to
issue; for the latter agreeing to supply with money, and
the former with literature, Chadderton was considered
master from the beginning.
* Vita Chaddertoni, a W. Dillingham, S. T. P.
$52
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
i
Laurence Chadderton was born about 1536; was A. B.
în 1567, A. M. in 1571. He was first fellow and a tu-
tor of Christ's College, and took the degree of S. T. B.
in 1584; he received that of D. D. not till 1613, when
it was rather pressed upon him.
Dr. Chadderton was of puritan principles, and the
tutor of the famous puritan, and predestinarian, Mr. John
Perkins; of acknowledged learning and moderation; he
was, therefore, received by the prelatical party as one of
the five appointed to manage the cause of the puritans in
the Hampton Court Conference; though, if Bishop
a This famous Conference (held in his majesty's privy chamber at
Hampton Court, Jan. 14, 1603) was between the lords bishops, and
others of the clergy (in which most of the lords of the council were
present) and five ministers, in behalf of the puritans, James I. him-
self sitting as arbitrator and judge. The object professed was, to
adjust the differences about rites and ceremonies, church discipline, &c.
which had so long agitated, and did long after agitate, the nation, on
those subjects, and which differences, after all, terminated in separa-
tion and open hostilities between the two parties. In regard to the part
taken by Chadderton in this Conference, the conditional if is put in
the text, because Bishop Barlow, in his account of the Conference,
acknowledges, he suppressed some matters, and indeed it is only pub-
lished as the Sum and Substance contracted. The other party charge
it with being incomplete, and unfair, very different from that sent from
London by Mr. Patrick Gallaway, to the presbytery of Edinburgh, af-
ter it was revised by the king himself. But the business of this place
is only to allude to circumstances, not-tantas componere lites. Bishop
Barlow's account of this Conference is printed in vol. 1 of the PHENIX,
or a Revival of scarce and valuable Pieces, 1707. The account, which
states Bishop Barlow's to be incomplete and unfair, may be seen in Mr.
Pierce's Translation of his Vindicia Nonconformistarum, p. 152, and 12
following pages. The Vindicia Nonconformistarum is considered the
best defence of the Nonconformists that has been made, and the Eng-
lish Translation is referred to, because the author has there made consi-
derable additions.
!
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
353
Barlow's account is correct and complete, he took but
little part in the debate.
Dr. Chadderton was also one of the translators of -
King James's Bible, and lived to the advanced age of
103. He resigned the mastership in 1622, and died in
college in 1640. He was buried on the western side of
the chapel, with this inscription over him: An. Dom.
1640. Hic situs est Laurentius Chaddertonus, S. T. D.
Primus hujus Collegii Præfectus. Ob. Ætatis suæ
103.
John Preston, who succeeded Chadderton, was a
divine of great note, chaplain to James I. preacher of
Lincoln's Inn, and prebendary of Lincoln: as a writer,
too, he obtained celebrity, particularly among the puri-
tans. His principal work is on the Divine Attributes,
which was published, with his life prefixed. He had
been fellow of Queen's; took the degree of D. D. in
1623, and died in 1628.
William Dillingham, S. T. P. first senior fellow, and
afterwards master, and prebendary of Durham, wrote, in
Latin, the Life of Chadderton, but it was edited by his
son, Mr. Thomas Dillingham, already referred to.
Our Emmanuel, it was said, has been called a nursery
of Puritans, and with evident propriety; for it was not
only originally planted with stock of this growth, but
from this other seminaries were supplied. We have seen
the changeableness of things in our University. Upon the
Parliament's displacing the old standards from the room
which they had occupied, they removed a young stock
from this nursery to fill their place. There they grew
lofty, stately trees, as masters and heads of other col-
leges, who had only been fellows in their own; till, un-
der a new face of things, they, in their turn, were lop-
VOL. II.
A A
354
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
1
ped down, and removed by the royalists. Some, of
course, will have been noticed under the other colleges,
to which they were advanced, or from which they were
ejected.
And of this number also was Anthony Tuckney, first
fellow, then master of this, afterwards raised to the mas-
tership of St. John's, S. T. B. in 1618, and Regius
Professor of Divinity in 1659. Baker, in his History of
St. John's, gives an account of him highly honourable
to his abilities and learning, and other accounts (for seve-
ral have written his life) are in the same strain. Even
Mr. Walker can afford to call him "most worthy di-
vine a." When ejected for non-conformity, from the
mastership of St. John's, in 1662, it was done in a most
courteous manner. The king's confidential servant, Ni-
cholas, and the Earl of Manchester, wrote to him, by
order of Charles II. with assurances, that he should re-
ceive out of the stipend of his successor an annuity of
1001. which was accordingly regularly paid him by Dr.
Gunning, his successor.
Several works of Dr. Tuckney's are extant, the prin-
cipal of which are his Prælectiones Theologica, being
his Theological Lectures, delivered in the University,
which were published by his son, fellow of St. John's.
Dr. Tuckney was one of the divines who, under the
parliament, met at Westminster in 1643, to form the
plan of presbyterian church government; and he had a
* Sufferings of the Clergy, &c. part ii. p. 144.
b These letters are injudiciously left out in Mr. Palmer's Nonconfor-
mist's Memorial, vol. i. p. 264; but he makes amends by a few addi-
tional Remarks on the Controversy between Dr. Tuckney and Dr.
Whichcote, which is unnoticed in Dr. Calamy's edit. vol. ii.
p. 77.
5
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
355
hand in drawing up the Assembly's Catechism, but voted
against subscribing the covenant; and one odious part in
the Assembly's Catechism might be pointed out, in
which Tuckney could have had no share. He was born
in 1599, and died in 1690.
Few of greater celebrity in his time are mentioned than
Dr. Benjamin Whichcote, first fellow of this house, and
after provost of King's, famous in the University both as
a preacher and a scholar. His APHORISMS a have been
much admired. He was inclined to the Puritans, and
had most probably taken the Covenant, though Dr. Til-
lotson says, he did not. He was, however, an Armini-
an in his doctrinal sentiments, as Dr. Tuckney was a
Calvinist; and the controversy between them, upon
some nice theological points, for candour and liberality,
is creditable to both. Dr. Whichcote died (for he had
been dispossessed of his provostship) at Dr. Cudworth's,
master of Christ College, in 1683, aged 74. Dr. after-
wards Archbishop Tillotson, preached his funeral ser-
mon, which was published. Of Cudworth, the learned
author of the Intellectual System, first fellow of this
college, and after advanced to be master of Christ's,
some account has already been given under the latter col-
lege.
Dr. Samuel Ward, raised to the 'mastership of Sidney
College, had first been fellow of this; was author of De-
terminationes Theologica, Tractatus de Justificatione, et
Prælectiones de Peccato Originali, and considered a
man of much learning: he took a part in the Dutch An-
f
■ These are subjoined to the Aphorisms, and were both published in
1 volume 8vo. with some account of Dr. Whichcote prefixed, by Dr.
Salter, master of the Charter House in 1751.
A A 2
356
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
notations on the Bible; and, according to Mr. Walker,
there are several MS. works of his in Sidney College
library. He at first sided with the Puritans, and was ap-
pointed one of the Assembly of Divines; but turned af-
terwards a staunch loyalist; and it is said his last words
were, "God bless the king."
But, perhaps, readers may exclaim, "A truce with
theologians, lest we become overpowered with controver-
sies." Let us then take a short survey of our writers on
general literature, just mentioning first only the names of
a few more of our distinguished divines.
Such were Bedell, fellow, afterwards Bishop of Kil-
more, in Ireland, with his learned opponent James
Wadsworth, B. D. a writer on the side of popery; John
Richardson, B. D. fellow, raised, in 1699, to be master
of Peter House; Mr. Gyfford, a learned non-conformist
of Malden, in Essex; Dr. William Branthwaite, after-
wards master of Caius College; Dr. William Jones;
John Downe, B. D. rector of Instow, Devonshire;
Mr. Samuel Croke, a famous presbyterian; Dr. Worth-
ington, editor of Mr. Joseph Mede's, and Mr. John
Smith's works, advanced to the mastership of Jesus Col-
lege; Dr. John Sadler, afterwards master of Magdalen
College; Mr. William Bridge, and Dr. William Bates, a
famous preacher among the Puritans (though afterwards
of King's) were all of this college.
Now, then, to proceed to a few writers upon general
literature.
William Croune, A. B. 1650, A. M. 1654, fellow,
was chosen, 1659, rhetoric professor of Gresham Col-
lege; he, from the first, was one of that society of learn-
ed men, by whom the foundation of the Royal Society
was laid, and the first secretary on its establish-
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
357
menta; fellow of the College of Physicians, in London,
and reckoned one of the most eminent physicians of his
age. In 1670, at a meeting of the Company of Sur-
geons, he was also appointed their professor of anatomy,
and delivered a course of lectures on the anatomy of the
muscles, by which he gained great reputation, and which
were printed in the Philosophical Transactions. Of his
dissertations, delivered at different times at the Royal
Society (preserved in their registers), there is a list in
Dr. Ward's Lives of the Professors of Gresham Col-
lege. He died in 1706.
Dr. Croune left his mathematical books to Emmanuel
College library. He was the first husband of Lady Sad-
lier, who, from respect to his memory, founded the Alge-
bra Lectures, that bear her name, and which were to be
read in term time, in Emmanuel and several other col-
leges.
Sir William Temple was a distinguished statesman and
an elegant writer; author of Observations on the United
Provinces of the Netherlands, on Poetry, on ancient and
modern Learning, and other branches of political eco-
nomy and polite literature. He died in 1700.
Sir Robert Twysden, knight and baronet, of East
Peckham, Kent, was an eminent antiquary, editor of
Decem Scriptores Historia Anglicanæ, and an Historical
Defence of the Church of England. He died in 1670.
Edmund Castle took his degree of S. T. P. by royal
mandate, in 1661, and was Dean of Canterbury. He
assisted Bishop Walton in his Polyglot Bible, and edited
himself the Lexicon-Polyglotton, in the prosecution of
• Bishop Sprat's History of the Royal Society, p. 57–94.
Dr. Ward's Lives, &c. p. 323.
तं
358
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
which he spent 10,000l. ruined a fine constitution, and
died in 1685.
Samuel Foster, A. B. 1619, A. M. 1623, was an emi-
nent mathematician, chosen astronomy profesor of Gre-
sham College in 1636. He published himself two
works; The Use of the Quadrant, 1624, 4to. and the
Art of Dialling, 1638, 4to. He died at Gresham Col-
lege, in 1652. After his death, were published Post-
huma Fosteri, 1652, and various other of his mathematical
works a
Dr. Paman, first of this house, and afterwards a fellow
of St. John's, was appointed, in 1674, public orator of
the University', and in 1679 succeeded Dr. Mapletoft, as
professor of physic in Gresham College. He was ac-
counted a great master of polite literature: eight Latin
epistles of his, written in the name of the Senate of the
University, are in the Appendix of Dr. Ward's Lives, and
another in a Latin treatise of Dr. Sydenham's. But I
know of nothing else of his in print.
Being upon Gresham College, we may mention two
more professors, though both of divinity. One was Dr.
Richard Holdsworth, appointed divinity professor of
Gresham College in 1629. He was also master of Em-
manuel, though indeed set aside by the Parliament. The
principal of his published works are his Gresham College
a An account of all his works is printed in Dr. Ward's Lives, &c.
p. 85, 86.
b He is celebrated by Joshua Barnes, as one of his patrons,
Τυρνερον, ηδε Tonga, Παμανα τε, Ρητορα Γραντης,
Τυριερον, ηδε Γοηρα, Παμανα τε, παντας αφειδέας.
*
• Dr. Ward's Lives, &c. p. 279.
Eucharisterion.
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
*859
1
Lectures, published under the title of Prælectiones Theo-
logicæ, habitæ in Collegio Greshamensi. They were edi-
ted by Dr. Pearson, with a Life prefixed. There is a
small MS. volume in Emmanuel College library, entitled
Cosmographia Physica, which Dr. Richardson, late
master, thought was written by Dr. Holdsworth.
The other divinity professor of Gresham College was
Dr. Horton, fellow of this college, afterwards master of
Queen's, chosen professor at Gresham College in 1641.
During the Parliament, he was a presbyterian; though
he afterwards conformed. It does not appear that his
Gresham College Lectures were ever printed; but many
of his theological works were published, being all ser-
mons, some by himself, others after his death. One vo-
lume was published by Dr. Wallis, with a life of the au-
thor prefixed. He died in 1673.
ται Νύμφαι;
•
ποτε
I seem by this time to hear readers cry, amidst this as-
semblage of arts and sciences, where is poesy? H TOTE
"where are the muses?" They, I own, ap-
pear not hitherto to have been over-gracious to our Em-
manuelians; and amidst so many theologians and philoso-
phers, we seem to want their enlivening influences:
For eloquence the soul, song charms the sense.
Milton.
This association is what gives a zest to Gray's Progress
of Poetry, that ode so admirably conceived, and truly
incomparable :
From Helicon's harmonious springs
A thousand rills their mazy progress take:
a Dr. Ward's Lives, &c. p. 57.
b Ibid. p. 65.
360
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
The laughing flowers, that round them blow,
Drink life and fragrance as they flow.
Now the rich stream of music winds along,
Deep, majestic, smooth, and strong,
Thro' verdant vales, and Ceres' golden reign.
If we except a few sacred poems of Mr. Downe's,
some occasional complimentings and academical congra-
tulations, Bishop Hall's Satires, and perhaps one or two
dramatic pieces, lying in MS. in the College library,
I am not aware that our Emmanuel men have abounded
with poetical writings, till, at least, we come to the time
of Joshua Barnes b. He, indeed, overflows with Anacre-
ontics and Homerics.
Now, agreeably to a hint dropped in a preceding
place, are introduced Dr. Richardson's remarks: these
are inserted between inverted commas. I shall subjoin,
occasionally, a few additional observations; and must
entreat the reader's patience while accompanying me over
a few pages of dates, references, and literary publica-
tions.
(6
Hill, Thomas, born at Knighton, in Worcestershire,
scholar of Emmanuel, and fellow, and noted tutor, minis-
ter of St. Andrew's, Cambridge, thence rector of Rich-
mond: one of the morning weekly preachers in Westmin-
ster Abbey-set up lectureship in St. Michael's, All
Saints, Cambridge. Six sermons, 1649. Sermons on
Easter Tuesday, 1644.”
• Such as in the Oliva Pacis, addressed to Oliver Cromwell, and the
Zwga, to Charles II. (Congratulationes, &c.) in both of which are
some congratulatory pieces, written by Emmanuel men, and others,
b Dillingham, too, wrote a few Poemata sacra.
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
361
"Poole Matthew (add to Wood) son of Francis, Esq.
born in Yorkshire, from an ancient family at Sprinkhill,
in Derbyshire."
"Pope and Councils not infallible, Sermons in morn-
ing exercises, against popery in Southwark, London,
1675. 4th de roi, query? [his Annotations on the Bible
as far as Isaiah"] to the 58th chapter. But his famous
work was, Synopsis Criticorum Bibliorum, in five vo-
lumes folio. There is a complete list of those who finish-
ed the Annotations, in Calamy's Abridgment, &c. vol. ii.
p. 15.
(6
Nullity of the Roman Faith, or a Blow at the Root
of the Romish Religion, being an Examination of the fun-
damental Doctrine concerning the Church's Infallibility.
Ox. 1666. 8vo. London, 1671.”
Mr. Poole's writings were very numerous; but all theo-
logical. There is a complete list of them in Dr. Calamy,
as above. He was a non-conformist, and ejected after
the Restoration from St. Michael's le Quern, in London.
"Horton, Thomas, D. D. (add to Wood.)
"Sinne's Discovery and Revenge. Fast Sermon before
the Lords, Dec. 30th, 1646." An account of him has
already been given.
(6
Bright, George,"
"Fellow of Emmanuel, D. D. rector of Loughbo-
rough, chaplain to Mary Princess of Orange, Dean of
St. Asaph, collected and published one volume of Light-
foot, and wrote his life. Born at Epsom, in Surrey.
Ob. and buried at Loughborough, 1696, with an inscrip-
tion. Ætat. 63." He also wrote on Prayer.,
"Bastwick, John,"
"Born Essex. Emmanuel. M. D. at Padua, prac-
tised at Colchester."
3
362
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
"Flagellum Pontificis, et Episcoporum Latialium."
"Apologeticus ad Præsules, &c. 1636."-For printing
the first of these books, he was fined 1000l. to the king,
excommunicated, debarred practising physic, his books
ordered to be burnt, and he himself to be imprisoned.
He lay two years in the Gatehouse, Westminster, whence
he wrote the latter book. See Pierce's Vindication of
the Dissenters, p. 192.
"The Church of England a true Church, proved in a
Dissertation held by John Bastwick, Doctor of Physic,
against Mr. Walter Mountague, in the Tower. Lond.
1645. 4to."
"A Declaration, demonstrating and infallibly proving,
against all, whether they be Prelates, Papists, Cavaliers,
with all other ill-affected Persons, are Enemies to God
and the King. Lond. 1643. 4to. See Mrs. Macau-
ley."
66
Hodges, Thomas, (add to Wood) The Vanity of
Man at his best Estate, and the Vanity of Dives at his
worst, two Sermons, 1676. 4to."
"Jackson, of Keurden, Rich. [formerly came from
Keurden, near Preston] B. A. of Emman. Hist. of
the County of Lancaster, M. S. See Wood. Qu.
Whether ever fell."-If Dr. Richardson could not ascer-
tain this from his College Register, the greater probabi-
lity is, he was not fellow.
"Dillingham, Will. Prove all things, hold fast that
which is good, handled in two serm. at St. Mary's, Cam-
bridge, 1656, 4to. Ægyptus Triumphata, Poema Sa-
crum, 1680. Poemata. Sir Fr. Vere, 4to." Already
noticed, as author of the Life of Dr. Chadderton, and as
master.
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
363
"Marvel, And. Born at Mildred, Cambr. accidèn-
tally drowned in the Humber [minister of Hull, Jan. 13,
1640.] Works-Commentary on the Creed." He was
father of Andrew Marvel, the poet, noticed under Tri-
nity College.
"Cradoc, Sam. (add to Wood) ejected from North
Cadbury, for non-conformity: after which he had an estate
left him by a gentleman of the same name, but not re-
lated, in Suffolk, whither he retired, and kept an aca-
demy in his house, after a conventicle at Bishop Stort-
ford, in Herts, and was there living in 1702. The His-
tory of the Old Testament methodized, to which is an-
nexed, a short History of the Jewish Affairs from the
End of the Old Testament to the Death of our Saviour.
Fol. 1683. Knowledge and Practice, reprinted with the
Supplement, cir. 1700. Fol. with additions. Exposi-
tion or Paraphrase on the Revelations.”
"Dell, Will. Fell. Emman. Ch. to Lord Fairfax, when
Oxford was surrendered. Master of Caius; had a hand
in the English-Greek Lexicon on the New Testament,
1661. 8vo."
"Right Reformation, Sermon before the Commons,
1646, with a Reply to the Chief Contradictions of Mas-
ter Love's Sermon on the same day."
"The Crucified or Quickened Christian, which, for the
Sum and Substance of it, was first spoken briefly, at his
a" In my last edition, I by mistake said, that this gentleman was un-
related to him, whereas, I have been since certainly informed, by a let-
ter from Mr. Cradoc himself, that he was nearly related to him:" from
Calamy's Abridgment, vol. ii. p. 581, where there is an account of
Mr. Cradoc and his writings. He was the ancestor of Mr. Cradoc, to
whom Dr. Farmer dedicates his Essay on the Learning of Shakes-
peare.
+
364
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
Excellency's the Lord General Cromwell's House, and
was afterwards more largely delivered in Clement's pa-
rish, in Cambridge. 4to. He attended Charles I. after
his condemnation, but was rejected, with others."
This was that Dr. Dell, of whom Dr. Calamy says,
"He was a very peculiar and unsettled man; challenged
for three contradictions; 1. for being professedly against
infant baptism, and yet having his own children bap-
tized; 2. for preaching against universities, when he held
the headship of a college; 3. for being against tithes,
and yet taking 2007. a year at his living in Yeldon." Dr.
Dell is vindicated by Crosby, in his History of the Bap-
tists, vol. i. p. 332, and by Palmer, in his Nonconform-
ist's Memorial, vol. i. p. 258. And (not to inquire into
the truth of Dell's principles, or the rectitude of his
conduct) he seems to have been as settled, at least, and,
perhaps, as consistent, as Dr. Calamy. Dr. Calamy
was a Presbyterian, Dr. Dell an Independent; the for-
mer looking for a comprehension, which yet he believed
would not come; the latter thought the Lord would
come and sweep all away, (I am speaking the language
of Dr. Dell) and so preached, in the prophetic´ strain,
when all things were to be created anew; till when, Dr.
Dell thought he might as well continue where he was, as
side with the Presbyterians. The doctor, like many of
our modern prophets, was only a little out in the appli-
cation of his prophecy. The Lord did come with his be-
som; but it swept away the party of Dr. Dell.
Dr. Dell was in principle what the Quakers after be-
came, and perhaps led the way to Quakerism; at least
William Penn, in his SELECT WORKS, and Robert Bar-
clay, in his Apology for the Quakers, take nearly the
same ground, and all in their writings proclaim the right
•
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
365
of private judgment, which the Presbyterians, in their
writings, even in their Assembly's Catechism, opposed.
And see those delicious Reasons, published by Thomas
Edwards, London, 1641.
Dr. Richardson does not notice those writings of Dr.
Dell's, where his peculiarities are more immediately un-
folded-on Baptism-against Degrees in Divinity-and
on Universities. They were republished in a small vo-
lume, in 1770, and always in great request among the
Quakers. And what I have been stating, is illustrated
in Barclay's Apology for the Quakers, particularly in
his Address to Charles II. and Proposition 14th. Dr.
Dell was ejected for non-conformity, after the Restora-
tion of Charles II.
66
Barret, John, M.D. Emman. a zealous presbyterian,
and in the times of the rebellion, minister of St. Peter's,
Nottingham: ejected at the Restoration, for non-confor-
mity. Kept conventicles as long as he lived, died about
1682. Works: The Christian Temper; Treatise of the
Two Covenants; Fifty Questions, seriously propounded
to those who question Infants' Right to Baptism; Qu.
Notes. (See Wood.) Several Things against Dr. Stil-
lingfleet." In defence of the Non-conformists, two or
three other works of Barret's appear in Calamy's Abridg-
ment, &c. vol. iv. p. 689.
"Charnock, Stephen (add to Wood). Sinfulness and
Cure of Thoughts, Sermon in the Supplement to Morn-
ing Exercises, at Cripplegate; Sermons on our Natural
Enmity with God." Various theological works of his
were printed in two vols. folio, after his death. His works
are highly valued by the Calvinists. He died in 1680.
66 Bridge, J. fel. of Emman. Sermons before the Com-
mons, Lord Mayor, Volunteers of Norwich and Yar-
.
366
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
1
mouth, &c. about True Grace, 1671. 8vo. Eight Ser-
mons, 1673.
The Truth of the Times vindicated,
whereby the Lawfulness of taking up Arms is justified
against Dr. Farmer, 1643. 4to." In Calamy's Abridg-
ment, vol. ii. p. 478, he appears, William Bridge, A. M.
John Stoughton, fel. of Emman. preacher at Alderman-
bury; Twelve Sermons, 1640. 4to."
"Bishop Kidder (says the master) was born at Bright-
elmston, in Sussex [See Biogr. a"]
"Sancroft-at Rome, the beginning of 1660. Dispos-
sessed of his fellowship during his travels. Gave 10001.
towards the building of Chelsea Hospital. Le Neve.
See Nelson's Life of Bull." Already mentioned as a
great benefactor to this college. He was made master
in 1662, and raised to be Archbishop of Canterbury in
1677. Godwin de Præsul: Angliæ, p. 164. He is first
in the list (and highly celebrated) of those complimented
by Joshua Barnes :
Πρωτον Σαγκρώφθηα μεγαν λαμβηθεα Μυςην,
Ον Δομος Εμμανιηλος εη κόσμησε μαθήσει,
Ευσεβίην σοφίηντε Θεος κραδίηφιν εχευε.
Κάρολος άριςος μιν Επισκοπον εμμεν' εθηκεν.
Ευχαριστήριον.
a Qui cum esset Collegii Emmanuelis Cantab. Socius, et in eo Puri-
tanorum domicilio dogmata hausisset regimiui tum Politico, cum
etiam Ecclesiastico repugnantia, anno 1662, officio et beneficio erat
Exutus. Nihilominus re postmodum accuratius penserata, ita mores
conformavit, ut ad beneficia Ecclesiastica non amplius sibi præcludi
viam pateretur. Godwin. de Præsul. Angl. p. 393. He became Dean
of Peterborough, and in 1691 was made Bishop of Bath and Wells.
He was author of a Comment on the Pentateuch, Reflections on the
French Testament, printed at Bourdeaux, 1626, and some other theo-
logical works.
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
367
·
But he refused the oaths to King William, and being de-
prived, by act of Parliament, of his archbishoprick, he
afterwards lived in great retirement, and died in 1693,
aged 77. There are only three sermons of his in print,
published in 1703, with his character prefixed; unless,
(as Mr. Walker says) "Sufferings of the Clergy," &c.
p. 144, I am rightly informed that he published Modern
Politics in 12mo.
"Watson, Thomas, M. D. Emman. of St. Stephen's,
Walbrook. Works: Art of divine Contemplation; Dis-
course on the Beatitudes, 1660, 4to. The Mischief of
Sin, 8vo. The Privilege of such as love God, 8vo.
The Art of divine Contentment, 8vo. The Saints' De-
light, 8vo. A Course of Sermons on the whole Assem-
bly's Catechism; Op. Posthuma, fel." He was ejected
from St. Stephen's, Walbrook, after the Restoration.
Several other of his works are mentioned (all theological)
in Calamy's Abridgment, &c. vol. ii. p. 37, vol. iv.
p. 57.
:
"Johnson, John, New Col. Ox. Fel. Emman. by the
visitors, 1650. Sermons at the Funeral of Stephen Char-
nock, Jul. ob. 30, 1680." Dr. Calamy says, he was
called Ben Johnson, for his fancy; and he adds, he
had studied much the Egyptian hieroglyphics.
"6
Bishop Hall, born 1573, master [1574 Biogr.] kept
a weekly fast with his whole house for his majesty's re-
-storation [Ch. II.] The Biographia does not mention
his Mundus Alter, Qu. whether printed in the folio edi-
tion a?"
• This question, as put by Dr. Richardson, could only be a memento
at the time of reading the Biographia, and which question, as he could
answer by only stepping into the College, or Public Library, so no
doubt he did: but the question is here left unanswered. This piece is
+
368
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
妾​。
"Among St. Marshall's sermons is, a Question before
the Lords and Commons, and a Funeral one in Westmin-
not printed in the folio edition of his works, of 1648, nor in the Re-col-
lection of his Works, augmented, and published by himself in 1617;
nor in his Treatises, 1662; nor in his Remaining Works, 1660; nor in
any edition published by himself, or published as his Remains: still it
certainly was his, and printed at Utrecht in 1642: the entire title is,
"Mundus Alter et Idem, Sive Terra Australis antehac semper incognita,
longis Itineribus peregrini Academici nuperrime lustrata, Authore Mer-
curio Britannico :" the editor, William Knight, says, "propter affinita-
tem Materiæ, he had added, Campanella's Civitas Solis, and Lord Ba-
con's Nova Atlantis. It, however, displays none of the great views of
the Nova Atlantis, from which the idea is evidently taken, and of which
it almost seems a travestie, nor of the benevolence of More's Utopia:
it is a satire, and ingenious, notwithstanding what Milton says. But
prefixed to it is a most disgusting frontispiece.
The edition of Hall's works (fol. 1648) contains a poetical paraphrase
of some of the Psalms of David, and his remaining works, a few sacred
poems. His Satires (Virgidemearum) are in none of the above edi-
tions, nor does he notice them in " the Specialities of his Life.”
Bishop Hall, it appears, had been fellow, and rhetoric lecturer in the
Public Schools: The Specialities of his Life. His Satires possess much
merit; they were imitated by Oldham, and took the precedency of
Donne. But Hall was hasty in calling himself the first English Saty-
rist:
In the first adventure, with fool-hardy might,
To tread the steps of perilous despight,
I first adventure, follow me who list,
And be the second English satyrist.
For as Scotland had its Lindsay, so had England its Pierce Plough-
man, whose Visions are certainly strong satires. My old Schoolmaster,
the late ingenious Mr. Peter Whalley, editor of the Works of Ben
Jonson (in p. 41 of his Inquiry into the Learning of Shakespeare, con-
futed since by my old college master's, Dr. Farmer's Essay on the same
subject), has made several good observations on Bishop Hall's Satires,
and speaks of them in terms of great admiration. In the Preface to
the Mundus alter et idem, the reason is assigned by the editor, why it was
•
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
369
ster Abbey, upon King Pym. The rest are principally
Fast and Thanksgiving Sermons. Copy of a Letter to
a Friend in the City, for the necessary Vindication of
himself and his Ministry, against Mercurius Aulicus,
1643, 4to. Method followed by a greater Man. A
Defence of Infant Baptism against John Tomlins, 1646,
4to. A Vindication of the Answer to the humble Re-
monstrance from the unjust Imputations of Frivolousness
and Falsehood, wherein the Cause of Liberty and Epis-
copacy is further dilated, 1641, 4to."
"
Templer, John, M. A. fell. of Trin. Coll. Emman.
B. A. 1644. Idea Theologiæ Leviathanis, Cant. 1673;
Sermons at St. Paul's, before the Lord Mayor, 1659.”
"Resbury Nathan, rector of St. Paul's, Shadwell;
chaplain in ordinary. The Case of the Cross in Baptism
considered, 1684, 4to. The Texts examined which Pa-
pists cite for the Proof of their Doctrine concerning the
Visibility of the Church; Bellarmine's Eleventh Note of
the Church; the Glory of Miracles; Sermons before
Queen Mary, &c.”
never published by the author, and, indeed, why, against his expressed
wishes; which makes it clear, as well as from his giving the title incom-
pletely, that Dr. R. had not looked into the book.
It appears, from Hall's Specialities of his Life, written by himself,
that he had been fellow of this College, and rhetoric professor in the
University. He was made Bishop of Exeter in 1628, and raised to the
see of Norwich in 1641. He died 1656, aged 82. Godwin. de Præcul.
Angl. p. 444,
• This was a journal, or newspaper, on the side of the royalists, which
continued for some years: the last numbers I have seen are numbers
7 and 8, printed after the Restoration: the entire title is, "Mercurius
Aulicus, or Court Mercury, containing the Sum of Foreign Intelli-
gence, and the most remarkable Passages now on Foot in the three
Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. 1660;"
VOL. II.
B B
;
370
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
"Watts, Geoffry, some time lord mayor of London,
Emman. A. B. fell. of Jesus, by mandate from James I.
ob. 1663, wrote Treatises against the Anabaptists. See
Walker."-A benefactor.
"Richard Earl of Holland."
"Mildmay Fane, Earl of Westmorelandª. Lord-keeper
Finch." The former contributed 500l. to the new
(southern) building, which is called, from him, The
Founder's Range, and has, over the entrance to the mid-
dle staircase, the arms of this family.
"Joshua Barnes,
b
of the church of
* Quid memorem Mildmaium Fanum, honoratissimi Fundatoris ex
filiâ pronepotem? Virum cum ingenio doctrinaq. potentem, tum ho-
nore non vulgari conspicuum, illustrem Comitem Hollandia? Vita
Chaddertoni, a W. Dillinghamo. S. T. P.
While this sheet is in the press, a line or two of my copy being
torn off, I leave blank. It is, however, only the date of Barnes's
birth, and the complete title of his book. He took his degree of B. D.
in 1686, and was senior fellow, as he tells us flourishingly enough, of
Emmanuel College-
Ενθα και ευμαθέων τοι έφυν πάμπρωτος εταίρων
Ταξιν, τ' ηδε φνην, τας τε φρένας, ηδε και εργα.
His Epilogue to Homer's Odyssey.
His editions of the Classics have already been noticed: but 1 cannot for-
bear copying the following lines from the Epilogue aforesaid, for their
sublimity (to quoswdes, or rather, Maçaxıwdes: Longinus) where personi-
fying his edition of Homer, he makes her say-
Βαρνεσιου πονος ειμι, πονος πανυπείροχος αλλων,
Ος τον Ομηρον εεισατ' εν εσθεσι χρυσουφαγίοις.
Και τέλος εςι ποιων βιβλου δ' ουχ εςι τελευτη.
Dr. Bentley treated his Proposals for publishing Homer with great con-
•
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
371
England and fully vindicated wherein Episcopacy,
the Forms of Prayer, Consecration of Churches, the
Cross in Baptism, &c. a are plainly asserted against all
Opposers. Spittal Sermon, 1703, 4to. To which is
added, an Apology for the Orphans of Christ's Hospital";
written 1673."
Thus far Dr. Richardson.
I must just mention Dr. Claggett, Mr. Giles Firmin,
a Presbyterian writer, Mr. Jeremy Barrowes, an Inde-
pendent, all eminent theological writers, and John Bayn-
brigge, M. D. with Mr. John Horrox, two distinguished
astronomers: the former was Savilian Professor of
Astronomy at Oxford, and editor of Proclus de Sphæra,
and Ptolemy de Hypothesibus Planetarum; the latter, of
Venus in Sole visa, A. 1639, and of Astronomia Keple-
riana defensa: to whom must be added, Mr. Anthony
tempt; to which Barnes alludes in this Epilogue, and in his Preface to
Homer: and we have seen other learned doctors treat Dr. Bentley's
Proposals for printing an edition of the Greek Testament with equal
contempt. Thus do learned doctors wrangle.
Joshua Barnes, besides his works already noticed, published Gera-
nia, or a New Discovery of a little Sort of People called Pygmies,
1675. 12mo. Hist. of the Black Prince, son of Edw. III. 1688. Folio.
Select Discourses, 1661. 12mo. Auλixoxatoxlgov, 1679. 8vo. He
was Greek Professor in 1695, and died 1712.
* Still it should appear very probable, that our Joshua had been touch-
ed a little with some Puritan propensities in the more early period. I
copied a letter in our College Library, beginning-" Joshua," from Dr.
Calamy, which seems to imply as much, and Barnes himself has given
Dr. Calamy a niche among his old friends and patrons-
Εσχατα δ' αυ Καλαμείον, ον Εδμουνδον καλεουσι.
Eucharisterium.
↳ He was educated in Christ's Hospital, as he tells us in his Epilogue
to Homer.
1
BB 2
372
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
Blackwall, author of an Introduction to the Classics-a
work perhaps not to be reckoned deep by some, who
may remember when they found it useful-concise, but
significant; somewhat schoolmasterly, but not the less
likely to be adapted to young scholars. His Sacred
Classics Defended and Illustrateda, displaying much Greek
reading, and handling a favourite topic, has been popu-
lar, and was published in Latin by Wollius, in 1736.
Approaching, as we now are, to more modern times,
we shall occasionally meet with the names of some now
deceased, who still live in our memories, either as old
friends, or at least as our familiars, through an acquaint-
ance with their writings. Regret is a painful sensation;
to pay respect to the memory of departed friends, or
such as by their works, through association, we may
choose to reckon such, is a pleasant one: but as already,
perhaps, we may begin to be fatigued (for we have trodden
over, in our biographical excursion, a great length of
ground), let us make a short pause; and after recreating
ourselves a few minutes, by surveying the buildings, and,
with permission of the master and fellows, by taking our
seat in their gardens, we may gain fresh strength; and then,
pursue our old course, better prepared for that sober
a Blackwall's book is somewhat on the plan of Raphelius, though
carried much further, perhaps further than the subject requires, or than
can be supported by just criticism. It, however, shews great industry
and much learning. Blackwall published, also (as appears from Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes, vol. i p. 131), in 1706, Theognidis Megarensis
Sententiæ Morales, with a Latin Translation, Notes, &c. addressed in
a copy of Greek verses, to Joshua Barnes; and a New Latin Grammar,
for the use of his scholars. He took his degree of A. B. 1694. his
A. M. 1698, and died, at the Free-school in Market Bosworth, Leices-
tershire, of which he was head master, in 1730.-Dr. Samuel Johnson,
at an early period of life, had been his usher.
3
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
373
seriousness, and patient investigation, which the subject
will require.
We have already seen that some materials of the old
monastery form a part of the present buildings: these
are-yon hall on the north, altered, indeed, and much
decorated-the library on the east-and kitchens, raised of
clunch-stone. Where that hall now stands, the chapel of
the Black Friars once stood; and the high altar was to-
wards the screens. Formerly, as you may see in Log-
gan's Cantabrigia Illustrata, a sort of balustrade railings
flaunted round this eastern court, and the grass-plat be-
tween the kitchen and present library. But we have fol-
lowed the more simple rules of modern taste; and these
petit ornaments have been long since removed, together
with the sphæristerium and brewery, represented by
Loggan. The western and southern sides were built by
the founder: the western was rebuilt about 40 or 50
years ago, a modest building of the Ionic order: it is
without some of the ornaments, admitted into that or-
der, Doric flutings, and festoons; yet with nothing but
the essentials of the Ionic, it strikes without pretensions,
and pleases by its harmony of proportions.
Some maintain, that the volutes of the Ionic capital
were first borrowed from the appearance of shells, a na-
tural, agreeable origin enough; but Vitruvius, a little
more gallant, deriving the order in general from the de-
licate female form, as the Doric from the manly, finds
the volute of the Ionic capital in the locks, or plaits
of a
lady's hair, flowing gracefully from the head. It is al-
lowed us then to say, that in this building is exhibited the
delicacy which gives expression to the female figure, and
which constitutes the principal excellence of its cha-
374
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
"
1
racter, simplicity with elegance, Horace's Simplex
munditiis.
There is a small red lion rampant on the pediment,
on the western front, holding a chaplet, the crest of the
founder. This occasioned Joshua Barnes's two Greek
lines: a very little magic may turn his Greek into an
English lion, thus-
Thy emblems fair, and lion bold,
Well-pleas'd, Emmanuel's house, I see:
If such a rank thy lions hold,
What mighty things thy men must be !
The southern side displays the same order, with some-
what more of ornament, though it is only the old building
enlarged and cased with Portland stone. It is called, as
already observed, the founder's range, and has a suite of
rooms on the eastern corner, called the founder's apart-
ments. Over the entrance to the middle staircase are the
Earl of Westmoreland's arms, one of the Fanes, as noticed
before, having married a Mildmay. The middle part of
the building is further adorned with a balustrade.
Yon eastern side consists of the Picture Gallery, a
portico, exhibiting 13 arcades, which run the whole
length of the building, to which the close, opening on the
opposite side, gives a lively appearance, and the whole
presenting an elegant façade. The building, as you
perceive, is of the Corinthian order, decorated with fes-
toons and other ornaments, though the clock on the
pediment you may think rather useful, than ornamental.
The chapel, in the middle, by Sir Christopher Wren,
under the cloister, is an elegant building, with a neat
1
司
​EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
375
lantern at top, a fine marble flooring, and stucco cieling.
It was begun under Archbishop Sancroft, and finished
in 1677, under Dr. Holbeach. Of the picture gallery
there shall be offered presently a separate account. The
chearful prospect here towards the Gogmagog Hills is
justly admired; the adjoining building, close, and piece
of water, require no separate description.
The fellows' garden, though not large, is agreeably
laid out, and diversified by many plants, a bathing-house,
bowling-green, and piece of water. The cedar-tree,
once so beautiful in youth, now beginning to wear the
majesty of years, is one of the most beautiful in Eng-
land. There was formerly a mount in a corner of this
garden, from which might be seen what was going on in
the neighbouring lane, and Christ College layes; but
this pert peeping ornament has been very properly re-
moved. This is one of the most agreeable gardens in the
University.
The master's garden has in it nothing remarkable, ex-
cept it may be a summer-house, of some antiquity, sur-
rounded with the prints of some of our principal old
poets, a very agreeable nook, in which either a pipe or a
poem, will go very pleasantly.
As to books, our puritanic college, we may be sure, is
well stocked with old divinity. It is, besides, one of the
best classical libraries in the University, and possesses
many valuable MSS. several eastern, of which an account
is in the library, by Sir William Jones: A Hebrew Bible",
1
Ολβέχιον φιλόδωρον, ος Εμμανιηλα Φυλασσει.
Barnes's Eucharisterion.
b It has two columns in a page-the initial letters large, and deco-
rated: ań illumination round the first page of each voluine. Some
letters gilt. It has the vowel points. There are also other marks
5.
376
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
;
in 3 folio volumes, given by Bedel, Bishop of Kilmore,
in Ireland. It was bought of the chief Chackam, of
the Synagogue at Venice, where he went in quality of
chaplain to the English ambassador: Sir Henry Wotton
gave for it its weight in silver-A Jerome's Bible: the
order is different from ours, and there is a remarkable in-
sertion, between the 23d and 24th verses of Dan. 3, of
considerable length, not in the Hebrew: it is taken from
Theodosion's edition: incorrect, but fine-A Greek MS.
of Herodotus: this was of great consequence to Dr. Gale,
in his edition of 1679-though afterwards more diligently
examined by Dr. Askew, and since by Mr. Porsonª:
Greek Epistles of the New Testament: there are two,
by which those conversant in Hebrew literature judge of the quality,
and form their opinions of the age of Hebrew manuscripts. It has the
Masora: several of these circumstances determine it, according to the
criteria laid down by Dr. Kennicot, to be not a very ancient MS. It
is, however, a very fine one; not so old as that in Caius College, or
that in the public library. The oldest Hebrew MS. in England is in the
Bodleian: Codex MS. qui a me habetur antiquissimus omnium et opti-
mus pro hoc opere collatorum, et cui ætatem tribuo annorum ad mi-
nimum 800.
Dr. Kennicott's Dissertatio Generalis to the printed Heb. Text
of the Old Testament.
• Mr. Porson, in a short Latin memorandum, prefixed, says-a
Thoma Galeo, sed valde negligenter, longe diligentius in usum Editi-
onis Wesselingianæ ab Antonio Askew collatus est.-Dignus certe hic
codex, qui, si iterum edatur Herodotus, paulo accuratius iterum
examinetur.
b Dr. Farmer has written in it-Liber præstans ob antiquitatem et
minimis characteribus exaratus, &c. It was given by Dr. Samuel
Wright in 1598.-Not so old by several centuries as the famous Beza
Greek MS. in the public library, Cambridge, written in uncial letters.
This is perhaps the most ancient Greek MS. extant; of the 4th or 5th
centuries. Whiston supposed it to be of the beginning of the 2d cen-
༈
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
377
·
if not three, old English translations of the New Testa-
ment. The versions differ, and every one conversant in
these matters knows there were two old English versions :
one only of these is Wickliffe's. The 4to. Testament is
dated 1397: the translation was finished in 1387. There
are also numerous writings of Joshua Barnes's, among
which is a poetical version of some of David's Psalms
into Greek Anacreontics, and likewise a Greek-Latin
Lexicon of his, considerably advanced. Dr. Askew's
ALBUM is not the least worthy of notice; for though Al-
bums, as used formerly by literary gentlemen on their
travels, were but ordinary things, this contains one or
two testimonies, rather curious ª. But let this suffice for
the present.
tury, without any reason, and, indeed, against all probability. See
Montfaucon's Palæographia Græca, Lib. 3. Cap. i. ii.
a More particularly the short address of a modern Greek, which
shews how, when a nation, once enlightened and free, becomes enslaved,
their common forms of address and conversation sink into the lowest
state of degradation. The modern Greek language differs from the
ancient about as much as the modern Italian from the Latin. But
scholars still read ancient Greek; and to the curious it may perhaps
afford some amusement, to see how a modern Greek can write verse in
the ancient language of his country.
The following lines were addressed to Dr. Askew, and written in the
city of Thessalonica, όπου ο Ευς άθιος Αρχιεπισκοπος Παρεκβολήν εις τον
ɔungov sypake..
}
Και νοον ανθρωπων έγνως, και ας τα είδες,
Τιε Οδυσσήος, Παλλαδος ηγεσιη.
Αφραδίην πασαν, σκιαν ως, Ασκιος, ειργεις,
Λαμπετουν σοφιη Ηελίοιο δικην.
Και σε χορος Χαριτων κοσμεί, Μουσαι τε σεφουσι
Παντοδαποις δόξης σεμμασι τους κροτάφους.
Νουσον ακες οριη, ην σοι πορε Φοίβος Απόλλων,
Ωθεις, την ρωσιν πασι χαριζόμενος.
378
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
1
Let us now, for a minute or two, take a turn into the
Picture Gallery.-In Catholic countries portraits being
not seldom considered as votive offerings, are made the
objects of an inferior degree of religious worship: among
us Protestants, they are mere mementos. In colleges
more particularly they are a sort of family pictures, in
relation to eminent men, members or benefactors, now
no more.
The Picture Gallery at Christ Church, Oxford, be-
sides the portraits of former members and benefactors,
contains, also, some paintings, and a few good ones, by
foreign masters. Emmanuel Gallery cannot be put in
competition with that, and, indeed, possesses not much
that is very excellent, taken as a gallery of pictures. It
is, however, a striking feature of this college: so we may
stop, and venture to point out a few of the portraits.
Sir Walter Mildmay, a full length, in the costume of
the times; round the picture-frame are these words: By
Vansomer, Ætatis suæ 66. Anno Domini 1558. Vir-
tute, non Vi.-Sir Anthony Mildmay, Knight. This is
accounted a good picture. On a parchment scroll is the
following inscription: Reipublicæ causa et principis jussu
semper in utrumq. paratus fui.-Sir Francis Walsingham.
-John Britton, D. D. and Thomas Holbeach, D. D.
both masters: the latter is reckoned a good picture.-
Archbishop Sancroft, sitting at a writing-table, P. P.
Lens, F. L.-Mr. Francis Ashe, a benefactor, reckoned
a good portrait.—Hall, Bishop of Norwich, born 1574:
Αιεν έτη σοι έχειν σοι εν θεοι όλβιοι αττα
έχειν, ποτε και Νέςως αδεται ησυχίη.
Εν έτει σωτηρίω ατμιζο
Εν μηνι του Ιούλιου ημερα Ι.
From Dr. Askew's MS. Album.
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
379
this was taken when he was somewhat old, and is the
original, Isuppose, from which the engraving prefixed to
his works was taken: half length.-Joshua Barnes, Greek
Professor.
Σπάδη Αριςαρχειν Ομηρικόν έργον εκόσμουν
Epilogue to his Homer.
A
Sir William Temple: this is half length; perhaps the
best portrait in the room; by Sir Peter Lely. The pre-
sent Earl of Westmoreland.-Anthony Askew, M.D.
in his doctor's robes (three quarters), taken when a
young man, but a good likeness of him to the last.
Dr. Long, formerly master of Pembroke Hall; said to
be a good likeness, when much in years: a half length.
Mr. Hubbard, formerly senior fellow, a much-respected
tutor and eminent preacher.Dr. Farmer, late master of
the college. The present Dr. Parr. There are several
more portraits in the library, and a few good prints. In
the room adjoining the master's lodge, and leading to the
Gallery, are the portraits of Dr. Jackson, Bishop of
Kildare, by Gainsborough; Dr. Hurd, Bishop of Lich-
field and Coventry; of Dr. Bennett, the present Bishop
of Cloyne, in Ireland; Sir Edmund Bacon, Bart. and
the founder, with his lady, sister of Sir Francis Walsing-
ham; half length, on boards.
In the Gallery is a good portrait of Dr. Whichcote,
formerly fellow of this, afterwards master of King's Col
lege. I close with this, for the purpose of subjoining
Dr. Fuller's remark, "that in his time, more than half
the masters of the Cambridge colleges had been for-
merly of this House.”
1
1
380
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
So much for our buildings, gardens, Library, and
Picture Gallery: let us return to our distinguished and
learned men.
Richard Dawes, A. M. in 1733, and fellow, was head
master of Newcastle School, a foundation somewhat
on the plan of the Charter House. He was one of the
most ingenious and learned critics in Greek literature
of the last century, author of the Miscellanea Critica.
It is a work of emendatory criticism, containing select
emendations on Terentianus Maurus, with remarks and
corrections on Callimachus, Pindar, Aristophanes, Es-
chylus, Euripides, and Sophocles, according to laws
regulated by their metres; together with some nice dis-
tinctions on the use of some of the tenses of the Greek
verbs, and his famous dissertation on the Eolic Digam-
maª. It must suffice to say, that Dawes's principles and
emendations are pretty generally admitted by our most
judicious critics, and that no work of emendatory criti-
cism is in greater estimation, at home and abroad, than
Dawes's Miscellanea Critica.
It appears, from his Preface, that he had in contem-
plation a much larger work; which probably the arduous
engagements of a public school, together with some un-
fortunate cricumstances in the arrangement of his own
mind, might have prevented him from prosecuting.
a
The Miscellanea Critica was first published at Cam-
* Bentley's Homer, in Triu. Col. carries the Digamma further than
Dr. Taylor's; I think through the whole Iliad. It appears, from one of
Heyne's Excursuses to the Iliad, that it was sent to him at Leipsic, for
the purpose of his edition of 1802. Dawes, in his Miscellanea Critica,
(Sect. iv.) opposes Dr. Bentley's application of the Digamma in the
Ionic writings of Homer. But this matter is judiciously settled by the
Bishop of St. David's.-Miscel. Crit. p. 396.
!
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
381
+
bridge, in 1745; and in 1781 Dr. Burgess, the present
Bishop of St. David's, edited an improved edition of it at
Oxford.
Dawes in early life meditated to translate the Paradise
Lost into Greek heroics; and has presented us with a
specimen of his performance: but in after-life, upon
examining, by strict criticism, (which he calls " pruning
his vines") and intending to proceed to a larger work, of
emendatory criticism on Greek authors, he abandoned
his design on Milton. He has himself pointed out
wherein his attempt was faulty, with respect to the idi-
oms of the Greek language; but we must be permitted
to add, that the rhythmical structure of his verse is very
excellent. The specimen produced is part of that fine
speech of Satan's.
Farewell, happy fields,
Where Joy for ever dwells: hail horrors, hail
Infernal world, and thou profoundest hell,
Receive thy new possessor: one who brings
A mind not to be changed by place or time.
To rule is worth Ambition, tho' in Hell:
Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven ª.
Ζησοι σε Τρισολβίοι αγροι,
وال
Σαρματοοικητοι· φοβεροι δ' επιχαιρετ' ερημοι,
Κοσμος υποχθονιοστε συ δ' αδης ευρυβαθιςος
Έγεμον ενδεξαιο νεηλυδώ, τον γε νοημα
Ον τόπω,
ουδε χρόνω μετακινητον φορέοντα.
Ενδοξον και αδη οϊομαι εμβασιλευαν.
Μαλλον αν αδοτύραννος η ουρανοδυλος εσοίμην.
1st Book.
Præfat. ad Miscel. Critica,
382
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
1
Anthony Askew, student, took his degree of M. B.
in 1745, that of M. D. in 1750; between which peri-
ods we trace him through his Album, on his travels,
1746, in Halle, Leipsic, Gotha, Hanover, and Weimar,
in 1747, in Georgia, Transylvania, and several parts of
Greece. Naturally enough he is here placed next to
Mr. Dawes, having been his pupil.
Before he proceeded M. D. he set out on his travels,
being well stored with classic literature, and particularly
conversant with the Greek tragedians. It appears, from
a testimony in his Album, that he had formed a plan
for publishing an edition of Eschylus, previously to his
going abroad: he printed a specimen of his work; but
there is no evidence that he completed it; at least, it was
never published.
1
During his travels commenced his acquaintance with
Michaelis, Wesseling, Reiske, Gesner, and others: with
Reiske and his learned wife (an eminent Grecian), there
continued a lasting friendship. From the above eminent
critics he derived fresh incitements and directions, to pro-
secute his favourite passion for collecting Greek MSS.
By this passion he was led to Greece, whence he brought
into his own country a more curious collection of MSS.
both in the ancient and modern Greek language, than
was ever possessed by any Englishman before”.
The compound words here are admirably adapted to the sublimity
of Milton: it is probable, that, while pointing out some of his own
faults, Dawes alludes to Barnes, who was not so quicksighted in dis-
covering the faults of his heroics; and had he "pruned his vines," we
should have had fewer of them.
* I mean more particularly D. Christian: Benedict. Michaelis Theol.
Græcæq. & Orientalis Ling. Profess. Ord. Hale; as dated in Dr. As-
kew's Album.
Dr. A. brought home little besides MSS. and scarce printed books,
!
7
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
383
There is no evidence that Dr. Askew published any
thing but his specimen of an edition of Æschylus: what
he prepared for it is best known to those who have exa-
mined his editions, with MS. notes. As to the Appen-
dix to Scapula's Lexicon, (added to the edition of 1789)
it is printed from a MS. that belonged to the doctor, but
it was not written by him, though he might probably have
made some additions to it.
But Dr. Askew was no less generous in communicat-
ing, than assiduous in collecting: his house was the re-
sort, and the residence, when in town, of many of the
literati of Cambridge: his MSS. were a bank, on which
the most eminent critics, in Greek literature, at home
and abroad, were very proud to draw. The admired
edition of Herodotus by Wesseling, (fol. Amsterdam,
called, for its excellence, editio optima;) Dr. Reiske's,
of Demosthenes (apud Oratores Græcos, 12 vols. 1770,
a work pronounced by critics to be beyond all praise),
were greatly indebted to his collations and MSS. Dr.
Taylor, and others, were also much indebted to them.
So that it may be said of much of his bibliographical ar-
dour; in collecting, he was dispersing.
}
1
except we may mention a curious native of Greek, remarkable for his
beautiful style of writing the language. Some specimens of it are in
the British Museum. Dr. A. procured for him a place as Librarian to
the College of Physicians. His name was Iwaving Kagaovaλλ¤—John Ca-
ravalla.
■ Dr. A. possessed several editions of Eschylus with MS. notes:
more particularly one of Stanley's edit. 1745; another of Stanley's,
with Needham's collations. 1663.
Dr. Taylor, in consequence, left him a valuable library of printed
books, together with numerous MSS. many of which are now in the
Public Library at Cambridge,
•
384
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
1
From Dr. Mede, Askew caught some of his zeal: but
on considering the warm friendship of Dr. Mede for him,
in connexion with the testimonies, full and honourable,
from our most eminent Greek critics, both at home and
abroad, we must rank Askew, as Mede was before, not
merely with collectors of books, but among friends to li-
terature and learned men; and, on considering what time
he spent on his travels, in the mere ardour of collecting
books, that it continued to animate him on his return to
England, and that his professional duties called for much
attention (for, besides his other regular practice, he was
physician to two large city hospitals a), we need not won-
der that he found little time for authorship.
Dr. Askew died in 1774, aged 52, and his library of
splendid printed books continued on sale in 1775, by
Leigh and Sotheby, for 20 days. His MSS. were not
sold till 1785, and continued on sale 10 days. The sale
was so memorable, as quite to form an epoch in the his-
tory of bibliographical literature.
Mark Akenside, the poet, was also a native of New-
castle town, and educated under Mr. Dawes he also
was eminent in Greek literature, and, as appears from his
Pleasures of Imagination, and his Ode to the Naiads, an
admirer of the Platonic philosophy. He was not a stu-
dent of this college. He took his degree of M. D. at
Leyden; and it appears, by the Book of Graduates,
(though no college is there mentioned) that he was ad-
mitted in 1753 to the same degree at Cambridge, by
royal mandate. On a presumption, therefore, of the
probability, that during his stay at Cambridge, for the
purpose of his degree, he would reside at the college,
* Bartholomew's and Christ's Hospitals.
?
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
385
1
where Dawes and Askew had been educated, I have
placed him under this college. Dr. Akenside died in
1770.
Akenside was an excellent poet, and many editions of
the Pleasures of Imagination were published. It is
greatly to be lamented, that professional engagements
prevented him, also, from putting a finishing hand to his
grand poem-for such it is, though unfinished. Since
his death, in 1772, all his poems have been printed in
a fine 4to. edition, including his Pleasures of Imagina-
tion, together with the additions made at several times by
the author, and two books of Odes. In this edition is
reprinted, from the 6th volume of Dodsley's Miscella-
nies, his fine Hymn to the Naiads, with corrections and
notes. On the principles of a Platonist, this hymn is not
only a very fine, but a consistent poema; and I must add,
generally, that the poems of Akenside are as full of
poetical power, as they are of independent principle,
notwithstanding the sneer of one of our Cambridge
poets.
-Goddess of the lyre,:
1
Which rules the accents of the moving sphere,
Wilt thou, eternal Harmony! descend,
And join the festive train? For with thee comes
The guide, the guardian of their lovely sports,
Majestic Truth; and where Truth deigns to come,
Her sister Liberty will not be far.
Pleasures of Imagination.
* On the same principle, the Mystical Initiations of the Hymns of Or-
pheus, 1787, (whether genuine or not) and some Hymns written in his
own character, (the translator and author, Mr. Taylor, being a professed
Platonist) are consistent.
VOL. II.
CC
386
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
Of Dr. Richardson, formerly master, S. T. P. 1735,
the proper notices have been already taken.
Richard Hurd, who took his degree of S. T. B. in
1749, S. T. P. in 1768, was fellow, and would have
been tutor, but for his Whig principles. For our once
Puritan house was now become high-church, and those
who influenced college concerns inclined to Toryism
however, better things were in store for Hurd: he be-
came preacher of Lincoln's Inn; in 1775 was conse-
crated Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry; in 1776 was
appointed tutor to the Prince of Wales; and in 1781 he
was advanced to the see of Worcester.
Several works were published by Bishop Hurd.、 His
Sermons on Prophecy, first published in 1772, if they
take a ground not reckoned tenable by some critics, carry
an air of plausibility; his Dialogues on Foreign Travel-
ling, if they have an intermixture of primness and starch-
ness, yet possess much of elegance; and if his Dialogues
on the Reign and Government of Elizabeth have n
great portion of originality, they are dressed in a robe of
classical neatness, they savour of learning, and breathe a
spirit of great liberality: the same must be said of his
Letters on Chivalry and Romance.
Previously to these, Bishop Hurd had published several
volumes; particularly, his Commentary on Horace's Ars
a Mem.,of Dr. Farmer. Necrology for 1797–8, p. 390.
b Many, however, in modern times, of distinguished zeal for contrary
principles, both as men and writers, were of this college.
• I mean the Double Sense of Prophecy maintained by Joseph Mede
in his Apocalyptic Key; ingeniously enough at least, illustrated by
Hurd from the structure of the Fairy Queen, which must be explained
by the doctrine of double senses, one to be fetched from Fairy Land,
the other from the reign and government of Queen Elizabeth,
*
?
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
387
Poetica a (in 1749) which, with the addition of his Disser-
tations on the Drama and Poetical Imitation, were reprint-
ed in 1757. Dr. Beardmore, formerly head master of
the Charter House, has taken some pains to shew that
Hurd was indebted for the principal materials of the
latter to a French writer: and it may be so. Hurd was
an elegant scholar; a man of taste, rather than of pro-
found thought; a classical improver, rather than an origi-
nal discoverer. But his writings are in general both
agreeable and instructive; and, without having implicit
faith in them, I have found that what pleased me in
youth I can read with pleasure still.
To the first edition of the Dialogues on the English
Constitution was a postscript, which was omitted in the
later editions. This suppression was observed with con-
cern; for it pointed out, in a clear manner, an obliquity
in Mr. Hume's History, in which administration or go
vernment is confounded with constitution.
Edward Evanson was A. B. in 1749, A. M. in 1753;
a writer of a different tone, and, in several respects, of
different principles, from Bishop Hurd, though, like him,
a Whig in his politics.
Mr. E. excited public notice, not by the preferments
-which he obtained, but by his being forced to relinquish
his ministry in the church, and by writing against the or-
thodox faith.
• One of his first works is an attack on Hurd's Dis-
courses on Prophecy, in the form of a letter to him.
He admits, and states, the importance of the Prophe-
cies of the New Testament, and the marks of what is
• Shewing that it relates not to poetry in general, but, in particular,
to the drama.
cc 2
1
388
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
called the Grand Apostacy; and he aims among other
things, in remarking on the bishop's system, (which is in-
deed, Mr. Mede's), to shew, that the marks of Antichrist
applied by him to the church of Rome, are applicable to
his own church.
Mr. E. has also written decidedly against the doctrines
of the Trinity, and the Incarnation of God, at first with
an Address to the King, as the First of the three Legisla
tive Estates of the Kingdom: his Second Thoughts on
the Trinity are in form of a letter to the Bishop of Gło-
cester.
He was also engaged in a controversy with Dr. Priest-
ley, which first appeared in the Theological Repository.
The whole was republished in 1792, together with an ad-
ditional letter of Mr. E.'s to Dr. Priestley. It is enti-
tled, Arguments for and against the Sabbatical Observa-
tion of Sunday. Here he maintains the principle of the
celebrated German lawyer, Boehmer2; that the worship
and celebration of the Sunday, in place of the Jewish
Sabbath, was not appointed by Christ or his Apostles.
In 1792 Mr. Evanson published "the Dissonance of
the Four generally received Evangelists; and the Evi-
dence of their respective Authenticity examined." In
this work he endeavours to shew that the Four Histories
are contradictory and irreconcileable.
a The following quotation from Boehmer, which stands in Mr. E.'s
title-page, will unfold the view of this book: Nullum monumentum ad-
duci potest, ex seculis prioribus, quo manifestum, liquidumq. fiat;
Apostolos cultum celebrationemq. Sabbati in diem Solis transtulisse,
quamvis: hæc sententia tam altas radices in quorundam mentibus
egerit, ut parum abesse videatur, quin articulis fidei purioris adscri-
beretur. Quamvis die STATO Christiani convenirent, minimè tamen
Judaico more eum celebrabant, ab omni opere vacantes. Boehmeri
Diss. sect. XV.
1
t
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
389
The result of all was, Mr. E. prepared a New Testa-
ment agreeable to what he conceived to be the genuine
Gospel-for he professed to be an earnest believer-This
he did not live to publish; but it was printed after his
death, in 1807, as prepared by himself. According to
him, the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and John; the
Epistles to the Romans, Ephesians, and the Hebrews;
the Epistles of James, Peter, John, and Jude; and the
Epistles to the Seven Churches of Asia, in the Revela-
tions, are not genuine : so that his New Covenant is re-
duced to St. Luke, the Acts, and part of the Revela-
tions.
Mr. E. in the early part of life, kept a considerable
school he was rector of Longdon, in Worcestershire,
and perpetual curate of Tewkesbury, in Gloucestershire.
The account of his prosecution for not reading some parts
of the Litany, and delivering doctrines against the Incar-
nation, were published in folio, in 1774. This belongs
not to our work, nor to decide on the truth or falsehood of
Mr. E.'s opinions. He was allowed to be a man of con-
siderable talents and learning. He occupied himself, for
many years, in the later period of life, in agricultural pur-
suits. He died in 1805.
Of Mr. Henry Hubbard mention has already been
made. He took his degree of A. M. in 1732, of S. T. B.
1739. He was mathematical tutor, and his MSS. Lec-
tures are in the college library; though I am not aware that
he published any thing except a single sermon, for the be-
nefit of the Sons of the Clergy. But he stands recorded
as a benefactor to the college, having bequeathed to it a
considerable sum of money, together with his library,
Richard Farmer took his degree of S. T. B. in 1767;
that of S. T. P. in 1775, and was elected master the
390
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
same year, on Mr. Hubbard's, the senior fellow, declining
it, through infirmities and age. He is well known as the
author of the Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare, first
printed in 1766: in 1767 he published a second edition,
but, with the exception of a few corrections of style, it
contains no additional matter: a third edition was printed
in 1789.
Dr. Farmer had also meditated to publish a History of
the Antiquities of Leicester; and went so far as to print
proposals for it: but, on becoming tutor of the col-
lege, he gave up the design. The papers prepared by
him, being, I understand, very few, were communicated to
Mr. Nichols, whose History of Leicestershire has been
since printed on a very great scale, being the largest
county history ever published.
In the Collections of Cambridge Poems, on publie
Occasions, there are one or two pieces of Dr. Farmer's,
which shew, that he possessed a poetical, no less than cri-
tical taste, which might have ripened into excellence, had
he continued to cultivate it. A congratulatory ode
more particularly to the Duke of Newcastle, the chan-
cellor, on laying the first stone of that part of the public
library, erected in 1755, is very poetical, and to me it ap
peared to surpass every one I read in that collection for
classical elegance.
Samuel Blackall, A. M. 1763, S. T. B. 1770, was
fellow and mathematical tutor: he published a pamphlet
against two sermons of Bishop Hallifax, in the contro-
versies maintained between Dr. Jebb and Dr. Powel, on
the Divinity of Christ, Subscription to the Thirty-nine
Articles, and public annual Examinations, 1772.
* Necrology for 1797.
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
391
Henry Homer, S. T. B. 1783, was a very industrious
and meritorious editor of the Latin Classics. His edi-
tions, though unaccompanied with notes, are remarkable
for correctness; they are published at the end of Mr.
Lunn's catalogue, whose property they now are. Mr.
Homer was to have been engaged, in connexion with
Dr. Parr and Dr. Combe, in editing a splendid edition
of Horace. This business terminated in a literary al-
tercation, and the edition was published singly by Dr.
Combe. Mr. Homer died in 1791.
Here, in conclusion, while gratifying a private feeling,
I must be indulged in the violation of a general rule,
which was, to confine the narratives, relating to our sevě-
ral colleges, to such members as left literary memorials
behind them: but the person, last to be mentioned, was
my particular acquaintance and friend, during the whole
time I was of this college, and, though no author, as I
am aware of, a man of no common talents and worth.
We were of the same standing in the University, and of
the same table. We were somewhat different in our stu-
dies, and opinions. He was excellent in mathematics.
My speculations and pursuits lay another way: but we
read much together on subjects, not in the course of
college studies, but which interested us both. We
walked out together almost every day; we disputed, but
never quarrelled: we always parted friends; and we rẽ-
turned to our altercations with fresh ardour, but without
hostility. Nor were we always wrangling. He was not
less a man of taste than judgment; and our disputes
were probably advantages to both: they brought us into
habits of weighing speculative opinions, and instilled
into both something of that even temperament of mind,
+
·
392
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
which is removed as well from the heat of bigotry and
intolerance, as the chillness of mental inactivity and in-
difference: thus-
We drove afield, and both together heard,
What time the gray fly winds her sultry horn,
Battning our flocks with the fresh dews of night.
Milton.
+2
William Taylor, fellow, took his A. B. degree in 1778,
his A. M. in 1784. He afterwards became head master
of Hawkshead school, in Lancashire, where he was first
educated a situation to which he was well fitted-for
though his peculiar province was metaphysics and mathe-
matics, yet he was no bad classical scholar, and he pos-
sessed a great stock of general reading. I can only speak
of what he was while of Emmanuel College. Educated
in a country school, accustomed to a Lancashire dialect,
and bred up to books, he exhibited but little of an exte-
rior polish. He was not a man of the world: he, so to
speak, had been never in it: but a most piercing eye, a
very fine physiognomy, a childlike modesty, and natu-
ral urbanity, commanded universal respect and esteem.
+
On leaving college, we took different courses; and
having formed different connexions, lived in parts of the
country very remote from each other: but let those who
knew William Taylor, while a student in this college,
bear testimony, that he was endowed with the most excel-
lent qualities, both moral and intellectual. He died
young, at Hawkshead, of a consumption, to which, by ex-
cess of study, he inclined, while in college. There is, I
think, a monument erected to him in the church; and I
will leave an inscription, not in my own words, yet as ap-
1
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
393
plicable to our academical intercourse, as to the occasion
on which the words were delivered a.
Thus have we followed our Emmanuel College, from
its beginning, even to the present times more minutely
perhaps than any other. Dwelling still on the idea of the
acorn, we have seen it sown, take root, and spring up,
till, in its luxuriancy, it not merely occupied its proper
soil, but overspread the neighbouring fields. Yielding,
at length, to times and seasons, it no longer wantoned
abroad; it contracted, like the sensitive plant, its foliage
at home; and shrinking from what was gathering round
it, sought repose and protection in the quietness of retreat.
Speaking without figure, we must consider this foun-
dation originally Puritanic, and replenishing other col-
leges with Puritanism, as giving way, at length, to cir-
a "Domine respondens, omnes tuas questiones summâ modestiâ, et
summo judicio defendisti."-This was the closing testimony of the
moderator, Dr. Isaac Milner, when Mr. Taylor kept his Act; and was
considered, at the time, not more remarkable, than acknowledged, uni-
versally, to be just, Another circumstance shall be mentioned, not less
creditable to Mr. Taylor; and equally so to the other party concerned.
This is, the following: There was introduced to Mr. T.'s acquaintance a
person of similar pursuits with bis own. He was possessed of a very
mathematical mind; and there commenced between them a friendship
which continued warm, confidential, and uninterrupted, to the time of
taking their degrees. It was understood that between them, being con-
sidered the best mathematicians of the year, would subsist the contest
for the senior wranglership. Yet there did not appear the smallest feel-
ing of rivalry between them. (I was intimate with both.)
!
Arcades ambo,
Et cantare pares, et respondere parati.
The latter obtained the senior wranglership; Mr. Taylor the second
bonour; and each, I believe, would have rejoiced at the other's suc-
cess.—" Suis enim incommodis graviter angi, non amicum, sed seipsum
amantis est." Cicero de Amicitia.
394
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
cumstances: a change gradually came on; disputes about
rites and ceremonies were hushed; Presbyterianism and
Predestination submitted to Prelacy and Free-will; till
Emmanuel became full as well reconciled to them as the
other colleges.
Whether the extinction of party language is ever to be
looked for in this country, or uniformity of opinion will
only prevail in Utopia, are problems not for this place.
We have as yet got to no such resting-place: without
looking among the various sects, (the genuine offspring,
by the bye, of Puritanism) let us regard only that of
Whig and Tory. Taking our stand at the time of Bishop
Hurd, we said, that the prevailing interest of the college
was Tory. Yet Hurd was a Whig and some of its
writers in succession to Hurd have been undoubtedly
Whigs. But recollecting, that the principal families in
the county of Cambridge, favourable to government-
that the descendant of the premier baronet in England-
that the first civil officer in Ireland (the late lord lieute-
nant)-that the principal law officer, the present lord
chancellor of Ireland-and that two bishops of the pre-
sent reign-together with the first ecclesiastic in England,
the present Archbishop of Canterbury recollecting that
these were all educated in this college-that, besides, one
of its members refused the Archbishopric of Canter-
bury a—and another preferred his residentiaryship at St.
Paul's to a mitre-it cannot be thought this college has been
very hostile either to church or state. Let the language,
perhaps a little courtly and conciliating, of Sir Walter
Mildmay, be reverted to by the reader; and how far it
has been realized, must be left to his determination:-
b
a Bishop Hurd.
b Dr. Farmer.
1
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
395
*
"I have planted an acorn, and God only knows what it
will produce, when it comes to be an oak; but I hope
nothing contrary to your majesty's established laws.”
The foundation fellowships of this college (which are
twelve) are open to all the counties of England; and one
founded by Mr. Dillingham is of the same description:
there must however be only one of a county at the same
time. There are also two bye-fellowships, founded by
Sir Wolstan Dixie, whose portrait is in the hall. Here
is, likewise, a respectable number of scholarships, and
those of the foundation are reckoned good ones.
P. S. Among Puritans of eminence, educated in this
college, afterwards ejected from livings, should have been
mentioned Mr. Simeon Ashe, Mr. Jonathan Hanmer,
Mr. Nathan. Ranew, and Mr. John Whitlock, an ac-
count of whose writings may be seen in Dr. Calamy's
Memoirs of ejected Ministers. Mr. Emlyn, the Soci-
nian, too, famous in the controversy about the disputed
text, 1 John, v. 7, was admitted of this collegea: Hen.
Lee, B. D. formerly fellow, published, in 1702, Anti-
scepticism, in which Locke on Ideas, on Words, mixed
Modes, Knowledge, &c. indeed on almost every one of
his doctrines, is combated: in Four Books. He thinks
Mr. Locke's doctrine of Reflection does not differ from
Mr. Hobbes's Re-action," and so we (to use Mr. Lee's
words) have only that new name of reflection for motion,
modified by an organized body, to keep up," as he ex-
presses it, "the handsome part of a distinction between
material and immaterial substances and their operations.'
He thinks Locke's Essay tends to weaken the authority
* See an Account of his Life and Writings, by Mr. Whiston.
"
396
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
"
both of natural and revealed religion: hence the title of
his book, Antiscepticism, which is written in a clear and
not illiberal strain.
James Gardiner, A. B. of this college, son of Dr.
James Gardiner, Bishop of Lincoln, in 1694, published
a poetical work of Gardens, being a translation of Rena-
tus Rapin's Latin Poem ".
Mr. Hardy published a Greek Testament, in 2 vols.
of which there have been two editions, 1768 and 1776;
and Robert Potter, A. M. 1788, much distinguished him-
self as the translator of Eschylus and Euripides.
a This excellent poem was translated first by Mr. Evelyn, the well-
known author of Sylva.
1
Į

30015
Drawn &Eng by Greg.
Cains College.
Published for the Proprietors by Longman & Paternosteri
[ 397 ]
i
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
:
THIS college has educated two persons who have written
the History of the University: it is, then, natural to sup-
pose the accounts of their own college will be authentic
and correct; for their authorities will, of course, be taken
from its archives; and, by their own account, there are
several writings, which unfold its history. Their testi-
monies, therefore, ought to be as good guides as the re-
gisters themselves. As low as their histories are brought,
(which, indeed, is not very low) we may look to Caius
and Parker, and may venture to rely on their histories.
This should have been placed, in its due order, as the
seventh college; of which one part was founded in 1348,
by the Rev. Edmund Gonvile, rector of Terrington, in Nor-
folk. It was constructed, at the first, between Lugburn
Street (now Freeschool Lane) the church-yard of St.
Botolph's, and Bene't College, on the place where is
now the garden of that college. It was called by the
founder Gonvile Hall, and dedicated to the Annuncia-
tion of the Blessed Mary. He placed in it a master,
with four fellows, and in his life-time supported them out
a
* Colleg. Corp. Christi, et Beatæ Mariæ.
1
}
་
398
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
of his own funds. This he soon exchanged for two
buildings of Bene't, one that had belonged to Sir
John Cantebridge, called the Stone-house, the other to
John Goldcorne, with schools, shops, and gardens, (to
use the words of Gonvile) on the place called Henney;
and the Hall, with its master' and fellows, being thus re-
moved, was confirmed, in 1353, by Robert Bateman,
Bishop of Norwich, who had been appointed the execu-
tor of Gonvile's will.
These two buildings, which (as the ancient records of
the same college shew) were formerly schools of philo-
sophy and tradesmen's shops, were built in Henney, in the
parish of St. Michael, not far from St. John Baptist's
Church, which stood where is now King's College
Hall; and of them was constructed Gonvile Hall, at
least the north side: the western and southern, as far as
the chapel, were built by Thomas at Wood, formerly
provost of the same college, John Warrok, and John
Preston, citizens of Norwich, and other worthy men:
the remaining part of the western side, that is, the cha-
pel, had been built long before, by William Rougham,
a physician, the second provost of this college; the
eastern side, not seventy years since, by Elizabeth Clerc,
the most pious widow of John Clerc, Esq. of Nor-
folk. Thus, by degrees, the building was formed into a
square. The revenues were increased by other patrons,
Mrs. Margaret Pakenham, John Bailey, professor of
theology, Stephen Smyth, Mrs. Anne Scroope, William
a In Parker's History of Cambridge, p. 69, it reads the Hall of Queen's
College, which, it is to be hoped, is an error of the press; for it is meant
to be translated from Caius, where it is regalis, not reginalis: and nei-
ther the word nor the site will allow it to be Queen's.
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE. 399
Willose, Thomas Wendy, doctor in medicine, William
Sigit, Thomas Alkins, William Gale, Peter Huet, Geof
fry Knite, and John Whitacre. Lastly, in the reign of
Elizabeth, Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury,
gave a salary to support one scholar. Thus endowed,
this college retained the name of Gonvile Hall to the
time of Philip and Maryª.
Thus far is little more than a translation of Caius ;
who (as observed of him before) is sparing enough of his
biographies, only speaking here of the founder as rector
of Terrington, in Norfolk. Let it then be added→→
Sir Edmund was the son of William Gonvile. He
was a priest, and patron, as well as rector, of Terrington,
Norfolk, in Edward III.'s reign. Thus far Mr. Blome-
field.
Gonvile also was, it seems, in the absence of the bishop,
guardian of the spiritualities of the diocese, and besides
this Hall, he founded likewise the Hospital of St. John
the Evangelist, at Lynn. To borrow Parker's genea-
logical, precision, he was great uncle to the great uncle of
Lady Anne Scroope, who, after marrying William Cham-
berlain, Knight of the Order of the Garter, William
Wingfield, Knight of the Order of the Sepulchre, and
Governor of Calais, and, thirdly, Lord John, Baron
Scroope, of Bolton, Knight of the Order of the Garter,
and having no children, enlarged, it seems, a college of
Canons, at Rushworth, which was founded by Edmund
Gonvile, as well as this Hall. So (to pay Edmund Gon-
> Caii Hist. Cantabr, Acad. Lib. i, p, 64.
↳ Hist. of Norf. Vol. i. p. 192. If this is right, Parker is a little
wrong. Sir Walter Manly, too, should be Manny. See Froisard's
Chronicles, Vol. i. p. 132. Lord Berner's edit. reprinted 1812.
છે.
400
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
vile the accustomed honours of a founder) this rector of
Rushworth must have been a person of great account
and considerable wealth. He died before his foundation
was completed, in 1350, leaving Bishop Bateman to finish
it, out of a considerable sum of money, left him in trust
for that purpose.
Of the remaining part, the Founder speaks modestly
enough; all he says being, that on Sept. 4, 1557, thế
3d and 4th of the reign of Philip and Mary, John
Caius, physician, bestowing on it estates, for the support
of three fellows and 20 poor scholars, and a different
college being added to the former foundation, the old
name of Hall being blotted out, those princes called it
Gonvile's and Caius' College; in which one master, 10
fellows, 10 scholars, 5 servants, and 3 poor men, were
supported: but that pensioners also studied in it, sup-
ported at their own expense, to the number of 33, and
that all together amounted to 62.
To come now to this other Founder.-John Caius, doc-
tor of physic, of Norwich, was the son of Robert
Caius of Yorkshire, and 14th warden of Gonvile Hall,
being chosen the 24th of Jan. 1559. He was warden,
as he tells us himself, seven years; began the new build-
ing in 1565, and completed it in 1570. Parker calls
him the third founders, including, therefore, Bishop
Bateman.
a Parker's Hist. of Cambridge, p. 68-72.
b Caii Opuscula, p. 142. Edit. S. Jebb, M. D. 1729. They had
been published before in 1570 and 1574.
Bishop Bateman is also called a founder, in a MS. in Caius College
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
401
:
"Dr. Caius died at London July 29th, 1573, after
having placed Thomas Legge in the dignity of warden,
living himself some time as a commoner in the college,
and assisting daily at divine service, in a private seat in
the chapel, which he had built himself towards the east
end. When his corpse was brought from London to Cam-
bridge, all degrees in the University met it in honourable
manner, near Trumpington Ford, and conducted it with
the greatest funeral pomp to the college, where he was
handsomely buried in the chapel, with this inscription, I
know not whether to call more ingenious or magnificent:
"Fui Caius--I was Caius." Thus far Mr. Parker.
I cannot forbear adding, from Mr. Blomefield, that
when Caius's tomb was removed from the east end of the
north wall, where it was first built, near the altar, and
placed against the wall, to which it is now raised, "the
body was found whole and perfect, his beard was very
long, so that, on comparing his picture with his visage,
it is said, there was a great resemblance." The inscrip-
library, copied from the Archives of Trinity Hall, expressed in these
remarkable words-Duas aulas collegiatas in universitate Cantabrigi-
ensi propriis sumptibus honorificè construxit, unam quam intitulavit
Sanctæ Trinitatis, de studentibus utroque jure, aliam vero Annuncia-
tionis Beatæ Mariæ, de Theologicis et dialecticis disciplinis, quas pos-
sessionibus et proventibus sic dotavit, ut inibi degentium accessarius po-
terit honorifice et honestissime in perpetuum exhiberi.
This MS. is contained in Miscellan. Collect. (Gonvile & Caius's
MSS.) in which are also some of Robert, Hare's collections, and the MS.
of Itin. Britanniæ, referred to in this History.
VOL. II.
D D
+
402
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
1.
tion, as given by Parker, is incomplete; the whole is as
follows a:
Fui Caius,
Vivit post Funera Virtus.
Etatis suæ LXIII.
Obiit 29 Julii,
Anno D. 1573.
But Caius has a claim to an ampler testimony. As
the founder in part of this college, what has been said
must suffice. But he was also a learned antiquary, a cu-
rious naturalist, an ingenious critic, a very skilful physi-
cian and anatomist: and should we hastily have associ-
ated his name merely with idle disputes about the anti-
quity of Cambridge, or a ridiculous character introduced
by Shakespeare in the Merry Wives of Windsor, we
must correct our opinion; for he possessed a combina-
tion of qualities, which rank him among the most distin-
guished scholars of his age, and he is placed as the
Prince of its Physicians", by an admirable judge. In the
few following hints he shall be traced through his own
works.
Of his History and Antiquities of Cambridge, an ac-
count has already been given. He also wrote the Annals
of the College of Physicians, from its foundation by
Dr. Linacre in 1520 to 1565, and the Annals of Gon-
vile College, from its beginning to 1570°. But these
latter being written merely for the use of those colleges
a Collect, Cantab. p. 100, 101.
b Caio, Medicorum olim in Britanniæ principe: Dr. Samuel Jebb, in
Dedicatione Opusculorum Caii, Doctori Ricardo Mead.
De Libris suis apud Opuscula, p. 142.
ง
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
403
are only to be found in MS. in their libraries. There is
also a treatise of his, de Antiquis Britanniæ Urbibus,
on the ancient Cities of Britain: and he began a history
of his own city, Norwich, but left it unfinished for other
avocations, though, as appears, he had made some ad-
vances in that work.
Dr. Caius wrote also a medical treatise ª, on a subject
upon which he laid great stress himself, as of the utmost
consequence în practice; and it is a high proof of his
professional reputation, as a physician, that he was ap-
pointed, at the request of Henry VIII. to give his anato-
mical lectures at the College of Surgeons (that of the
Physicians not being then founded), which he continued
to deliver in London for 20 years; that he was the
very oracle of Mary, and in great credit with Elizabeth,
our two learned queens, having been, previously, public
reader in physic for several years at Padua in Italy.
In prosecution of his design of consulting MSS. of the
works of Galen, he travelled through France, Germany,
and Italy. Galen was his great master. But his views
also were directed, in like manner, towards some of the
works of Hippocrates. He wrote a book on the works
of Galen he discovered some pieces in Greek, both of
Hippocrates and Galen, which had been buried in ob-
scurity in libraries. He composed commentaries or an-
notations on most of his works, and on some of Hippo-
crates's: he made Latin versions of them, and corrected
the reading, in numerous of their treatises (more particu-
larly Galen's), of their very corrupted Greek text; and
no one could have done all this, and on his large scale,
a De Medendi METHODO. Duo Libri.
b Caii Opuscula, 205.
DD 2
F
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
404
•
but one who was as well a learned critic, as a skilful phy-
sician and anatomista.
Of his treatise on the Pronunciation of the Latin and
Greek Languages, notice has been taken in our History
of Cambridge Literature.
Natural History too had found employment for Caius's
pen. His Treatise on British Dogs", and his History of
rare Animals, were at first composed for a work of Ges-
ner's, but which, Gesner dying before they were suffi-
ciently prepared for the press, are published more ac-
cording to Caius's better judgment, in his own Opuscula :
they are ingenious and amusing. But not to dwell on
particulars, suffice it to say, he printed a distinct treatise,
as Galen did, on his own writings, extremely interesting,
whether considered in a literary view, or biographically ®.
Other treatises of our Caius are in print, and numerous
a Dr. Coray, a learned French physician and critic, who published
Hippocrates's Treatise (with a Preliminary Discourse and Notes)
« Περί Αερων, Υδάτων, τοπων,” has noticed the very corrupted state of
the text both of Hippocrates and Galen, as late as 1800, at which time
he published his edition at Paris. He has given ample specimens of
them, and after speaking of the gross manner in which they have been
disfigured by the ignorance of copyists, adds, (observations which ap-
ply well to our Caius) Pour expliquer d'ailleurs un medicin ancien, tel
qu' Hippocrate, il faut de toute necessite reunir les connoissances medi-
cales a une parfaite connoissance de la langue Grecque, et sur tout
etre tres familiarise avec la doctrine de ce medicin. Ce n'est pas en-
core tout; car si l'on ne joint a ces connoissances le talent d'une judi-
cieuse critique, on est arrete a tout moment par les obstacles qu' op-
pose un text altere. Discours Preliminaire, p. 148.
b De Canibus Britannicis Libellus.
• De Rariorum Animalium Historia.
d Icon. Animalium Quadrupedum, &c.
* De Libris propriis. Liber Unus ad Thomam Hatcherum.
1
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
405
MSS. of his Commentaries and Notes on Galen are
among the MSS. bequeathed by him to this college.
What were Caius's peculiar opinions on subjects of re-
ligion, is, at least from his, writings, not very clear. The
estimation he was held in by Queen Mary, and his own
opposition to the new learning, seem to indicate him,
nominally, a Catholica. On the other hand, he was in
favour with Elizabeth, and in her reign he founded his
college. Hence we might conclude he was a protestant.
Perhaps, as he translated, in the younger period of life,
one or two pieces of Erasmus's, for the use of a friend",
he might possess a share of his quiebility and indiffer-
ence; or, perhaps, after witnessing abroad the supersti-
tions and impostures of the old learning, and at home
the vanity and crooked policy of many new men, and
after practising physic for more than twenty years in the
families of the great, perhaps, after all, accommodating
his plans to existing circumstances, he contented himself
with the religion of a philosopher and a physician. His
total silence on theological topics, his reflections on the
death of his beloved Gesner, and even his own epitaph,
с
■ He, however, professed this only to the pronunciation of the Greek
and Latin languages. In rebus civilibus dico; nam alio non pertine-
bit oratio mea.-De Libris suis.
b Compendium Erasmi de Vera Theologia, et Paraphr. in Epist. S.
Judæ.
• Hominum quorundam vanitas, dum quivis studeat novæ rei novus
author haberi. De Pronunciatione, &c. sub fin. Caius, however,
speaks, elsewhere with sufficient respect.-Crooked policy is according
to the testimony of certain new men themselves. See Bishop Burnet's
Travels through Switzerland, &c. Letter I.
d De Libriis propriis apud Opusc. p. 81.
}
406
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
may leave this impression on some minds: but where we
know nothing certain, our silence is our prudence.
Mandeville's remarks on Dr. Radcliffe, upon his foun-
dation-views, may, or may not, have applied to him, but
are inapplicable to Dr. Caius. He felt that weakness of
great minds, the love of fame, which ruled him, as it did
his friend Gesner. It was, however, directed well; for
he sought it by great actions. The motives and the
merit of founders and benefactors of colleges may often
be as doubtful as they are represented by Mandeville.
But Caius, had he never founded a college, would have
lived as the first, the best, and, however defective, the
only proper historian of our University.
Here must end our history of founders: whoever
wishes a more complete account of benefactors, is re-
ferred to Mr. Parker's History of Cambridge, where, as
might be expected of a genuine son and fellow, is found
a description of benefactors more animating, together
with a relation of donations more particular, than usually
characterizes his Skeleton.
In the beginning of this chapter, notice was taken of
the circumstance of Caius's and Parker's intimate relation
to this college, as sufficient reasons for our considering
their testimony. This intimation, however, concerns
merely the early periods of the college, to which only their
histories relate, and to which the references or quotations
already made look. Mr. Blomefield was, in like man-
f
a Essay on Charity Schools.
b This is not spoken in contempt. It is Parker's own title, Exeλeros
Cantab. the original MS. is in this college library; and an account of
it has already been given in our first volume.
1
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
407
ner, of this college, and that circumstance may give
weight to his testimony. He was the author of Collec-
tanea Cantabrigiensia, frequently referred to in our narra-
tive. He has also written the History of Norfolk; and (as
noticed in R. Smyth's MSS.) he observes, in the latter
work, there was a great defect in the first foundation of
this house, the king's letters patent not being obtained"
to sanction it, while it continued a hall; and not till, un-
der the second founder, it became a college.-But let us
proceed to our eminent and learned men, though we must
be content with little more than a catalogue, in which
some mentioned before will not be enumerated again.
Dr. Edmund Sheriffe, master, 1472, is mentioned by
Mr. Parker, as author of a Chartulary of the College
possessions, spiritual and temporal, &c.
Dr. Buckenham, or Bokenham, master, and vice-
chancellor, A. D. 1509, made up the famous Black
a I do not, however, say, that Blomefield is correct; for Gonvile Hall
had statutes, which, under the first warden, Colton, were confirmed by
the Chancellor's seal. Parker's Hist. Camb. p. 69. Caius, too, speaks
of Chartæ Gulielmi Gonnevilli Hist. Antiq. Cantab. p. 64, which com-
monly means charter; nor do I think that the foundation and posses-
sions could have been settled without a charter or King's grant; and that
must have a regular process; must pass, be transcribed, and enrolled.
"These grants (I use Blackstone's words), whether of lands, honours,
liberties, franchises, or ought besides, are contained in charters, or letters
patent, that is, open letters, literæ patentes." Commentaries, vol. i.
ch. 21-2. Caius's obtaining a charter, afterwards, by letters patent,
does not imply that Gonvile Hall had not one before; for it (as we have
shewn) was no unusual thing for one and the same college to have dif-
ferent charters at different periods; much more would Caius obtain
one, when incorporating his new college into the old foundation.
b Hist. of Camb. p. 80.
408 GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
Book, containing the Historiola of the University, of so
little authority a.
John Skip, Bishop of Hereford, 1539, was one of the
compilers of the Liturgy, and died 1552'. He was
made master of this college in 1536.
Sir Thomas Gresham, though no author, yet, having
converted his own mansion into a college, in London, and
half of its professors being chosen from Cambridge, be-
ing himself too a learned man, certainly should be taken
into our list; and at the same time we mention Henry
Jenkes, A. M. (Fel. and Rhetoric Professor of Gre-
sham College, 1670) being the only Gresham Professor
appointed from this college: an account of him and his
writings may be seen in Ward's Lives of the Professors
of Gresham Colleged.
Now a summary account shall be given, from the time
of Caius, (those already mentioned, except the last, be-
ing of Gonvile Hall) of a few of our eminent divines,
antiquaries, and physicians.
a See vol. i. p. 42, of our History.-In Miscell. Papers, p. 43, in
MS. Library of Bene't Col. there is an account of the contents of this
book, in Archbishop Parker's hand-writing.
b Godwin. de Præsul. Angl. p. 494.
c It is remarkable, that none of our Cambridge histories have noticed
Gresham's being of this college. But Caius's testimony is sufficient:
Una nobiscum per juventutem hujus Collegii Pensionarius erat Thomas
Gresham, nobilis ille et doctissimus mercator, qui forum mercatorium
Londini (quod bursam seu regale excambium vocant) extruxit anno 1566,
1567, 1568, 1569; quo tempore nostrum Collegium nos quoque edifi-
cavimus istic Cantabrigiæ. Annales de Gonvile et Caius, as quoted by
Dr. Ward in Sir Tho. Gresham's Life, (p. 6) prefixed to his Lives of the
Professors.
₫ P. 327.
3
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
409
Francis White was translated from Norwich to the
Bishopric of Ely, 16312. He wrote The Orthodox
Faith, and his brother, Dr. John White, wrote a Defence
of it. Bishop White was author, also, of some other
pieces, against Fisher, the Jesuit.
Dr. Jeremy Taylor, a native of Cambridge, and a fel-
low of this college, was raised, in 1660, to the bishopric
of Down and Connor, in Ireland. He was a man of
considerable learning, and, by a most splendid' imagina-
tion, gave a fascination to his divinity. He was the au-
thor of numerous and well-known works: as the Ductor
dubitantium, he had casuistry to quiet a scrupulous con-
science; by his Liberty of Prophecy, he asserted its
rights; and by his Life of Christ, he interested the religi-
ous affections of the different sects of Christians. He
died in 1667.
It
Among the fellows ejected by the Parliament, one
published several theological works, Richard Watson,
A. M. afterwards D. D. Mr. Walker calls him a very
learned man, but vain and conceited. There is an ac-
count of his writings in Wood's Athenæ Oxonienses".
seems, there is no register of the fellows of Caius Col-
lege put in by the Parliament, and Dr. Calamy mentions
but two ejected at the Restoration. So there is less oc-
casion to dwell on those troublous, tumultuous periods.
It is not easy to class the famous Dr. Samuel Clarke,
as a critic, he edited Homer's Iliad, and a splendid edi-
tion of Cæsar's Commentaries: as a metaphysician, he
wrote on the Being and Attributes of God, and Natural

a Bentham's Hist. of Ely.
b Walker's Suffer. of Cler. part ii. p. 145, and as referred to by
Walker, Wood's Ath. Oxon. vol. ii. p. 825, and vol. i. p. 902.
+
410
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
and Revealed Religion; he was a great mathematician,
the confidential friend of Sir Isaac Newton, and trans-
lated his Optics into Latin; as an Arian divine, he
wrote two volumes against the orthodox doctrine of the
Trinity; and, as a proof of his heterodoxy, refused the
archbishopric of Canterbury.
Clarke, on being made rector of St. James's, took his
degree of D.D. in 1709. His life was written by
Whiston, who records four verses of Dr. Bentley's, re-
lating to him, or perhaps rather to himself. These, no
doubt, our readers will relish as a delicacy, and admire
for their curiosity, if not their orthodoxy. They are the
only Latin verses extant, known to be written by that
learned man. They were occasioned by the tart, inde-
cent, and almost profane manner, (these are Whiston's
words) in which the controversy was treated by the divi-
nity professor, Dr. James, who knew, indeed, that
Clarke was a latent Arian.
Tune mathematicum, male salse Jacobe, lacessis,
Histrio dum ringis, serium habere virum?
Ludis tu Christum, Dominumq. Deumq. professus:
Ille colit Dominum, quem negat esse Deum a;
Summum, adds Mr. Whiston.
Dr. Clarke's most noted work (he published a great
many) was his Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity. To
go into the Proceedings of the two Houses of Convocation
against him, in June and July 1714, and his Reply,
would break in upon the rule laid down for this chapter.
Dr. C. died in 1729.
a Whiston's Historical Memoirs of Dr. Sam. Clarke, p. 31.

ISAAC WATTS
Whood
pinxit
Geo: Vertue Sculp
_____Musas colimus severiores.
WorM
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE. 411
So much now for our divines: next to our antiquaries
and critics. It is remarkable enough, that most of those,
who have written on the history and antiquities of the
University, were of this college such as Bokenham,
Cams, Robert Hare, Archbishop Parker, Richard Par-
ker, and Francis Blemichell as according to R.
Smyth's MS, were also the following John Pone, au-
thor of the Geographical History of Africa, published
1600, being a Translation from the Spanish, with Addi-
tions by Me Pone: Sir Christopher Heydon, author of a
Defence Judicial Astrology, who died 1623; and the
learned Criter. Balthasar Venator, it seems, in his
Pān
Pantano mentions him as having been a student of this
college Gruter was author of Inscriptiones Orbis Ro-
rie Hist. Augusta Scriptores Latini Mi-
nored published editions of Tully's works, and
other thics,

man
Add to these the following William Watts, D. D.
editor of Matth. Paris's Historia Major, with a Glos-
sary; Dr. Robert Sherringham, who wrote Libros de
Anglorum Gentis Origine, and a Comment on Joma
Codex, a writing of one of the Talmudists; Mr. Whar-
ton, an eminent church antiquary, author of Anglia
Mirandum Opus, in Belgio nuper luculentissime recusum. Fa-
bricii Bibliotheca Antiquaria, p. 65; where may be seen an ample ac-
count of another great work of Gruter's, in 7 tom. Scripta Philologica
Miscellanea Virorum Doctorum, &c. 1612. Hẹ says of Gruter, Obiit
Heidelbergæ, A. 1627, qui Wittebergæ primum Professor fuerat, sed
pulsus inde quod Formulæ Concordiæ subscribere nollet. Fabricius
does not notice Gruter's having studied at this college. Balthas. Vena-
tor's Panegyricum may be seen in Vitis a Guliel. Batesii Collectis,
p. 526.
b An entire edition of Cicero, in 4 vols. fol. Hamburg. 1618.
4
412
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
J
Sacra, 2 vols. fol. He published likewise various other
works, but died young, aged 31, vicar of Minster, in
the Isle of Thanet. Sir Henry Chauncy, who wrote the
Antiquities of Hertfordshire; Dr. Brady, author of A
Complete History of England, together with an Intro-
duction to Old English History; Mr. Collyer, who pub-
lished an Historical, Biographical, and Geographical
Dictionary, 2 vols. fol. The same Collyer also wrote on
the Immorality of the English Stage. He was a Non-
juror. Sir William le Neve, Clarencieux king of arms,
who left various collections (in MS.) on heraldry and
other subjects, which have been of use to biographers
and historians.
Dr. Fuller also notices a Master More, late fellow, as
"an industrious and judicious antiquary, to whom he was
much beholden for many rarities ;" and I think I have
formerly perused some MS. of his, in this library, with
an eulogium on his character.
Thus, it seems, have the members of this college
sympathized with their old master, Caius, as antiquaries.
Fuller, also, observes, that Caius seems to have be-
queathed medicinal genius unto this foundation; and he
enumerates 27 eminent physicians, extant in his me-
mory, all bred in this house; which, therefore, he calls
a little Montpelier. It was not only founded by a great
physician and anatomist, but held out inducements to
medical and anatomical students.
Out of these 27 physicians, two or three, eminent for
their writings, might be mentioned; particularly Dr.
Francis Glysson, author of Prolegomena Anatomica,
Anatomica Hepatis, de Lympharum Ductibus, and other
a Hist. Camb. p. 135.
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
413
works: he was a great anatomist. Sir Charles Scarborough,
M. D. fellow, an ejected loyalist, also, was eminent for
his skill in anatomy, and for his general literature. Ough-
tram has extolled him for his mathematics, and Cowley
crowned him with a Pindaric:
Nor does this science make thy crown alone,
But whole Apollo is thine own:
His gentler arts belov'd in vain by me,
Are wedded and enjoy'd by thee.
Dr. Scarborough wrote on the muscles. He was
principal physician to Charles II. and Walker says, he
assisted Dr. Harvey in his famous book, de Generatione
Animalium.-Of Dr. Harvey, and his writings, an ac-
count has been given.
Dr. Fletcher wrote a Treatise de Urinis.
Dr. Brady, already mentioned as an historian, was
also an eminent physician, and wrote on medicine. He
was Master, and Regius Professor of Physic, being made
M. D. by royal mandate, in 1661.
The above classes of learned men have been placed in
regular rows, like lofty trees, adorning spacious gravel
walks: the following, omitted in their proper places,
must stand, like trees of different species, and placed at
different distances, in some miscellaneous and irregular
groves.-
Lucy, Bishop of St. David's, 1660, wrote against
Hobbes's Leviathan, and the Socinians. Mr. Wicker-
inghill, a Discourse on Jamaica, and a Defence of Bishop
a Godwin. de Præsul. Ang. p. 588,
414 GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
7
Croft's Discourse on the Naked Truth. Dr. Moss,
Dean of Ely, published, at different times, various ser-
mons. Mr. Pyle was author of a Paraphrase on the
New Testament. Dan. Jenner, B. D. wrote against
Dr. Whitby's Protestant Reconciler, and other works.
Dr. Shuckford was author of the Sacred and Prophane
History compared, in addition to Dr. Prideaux. Dr.
Keddington, wrote Critical Dissertations on the Iliad of
Homer. Sir James Burroughs was architect of the
Senate House, and various other public buildings at
Cambridge. Thurlow was lord chancellor of England, in
this king's reign, and Thomas Shadwell, Esq. poet lau-
reat, in King William's :-all these should be added to
the eminent men of this college.
Only one poetical writer, we see, has been introduced,
but he a poet-laureat: so we shall make much of him,
and the reader, by way of epilogue, or, if he had rather,
an episode, will please to take the following account of a
poet-laureat.
Certainly, in this country, by mistaking the character,
and degraduating him, we lose sight of the dignity of the
poeta laureatus; for that, as we have shewn, was a de-
gree, as much as a master of arts. Now, it seems, instead
of the patron's crowning the poet, we expect the poet to
crown the patron; thus making him rather laureans, than
laureatus.
The ancient Greeks and Romans, it is well known,
were accustomed to crown themselves, or to be crowned
by others, on various occasions; as at public games,
a Their crowns were of branches of different trees, according to the
different games, or the different gods or persons to whom they were
sacred.
'
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE. 415
at religious solemnities a, at meetings for conviviality, and
literary or poetical contentions". In these latter it was,
Ζηνός, Λατοίδας, Παλαίμονος, Αρχεμοροιο
Αθλα δε των κοτινος, μηλα, σελινα, πιτυς.
Anthol. Lib. 1.
a As at the Dionysia, &c. At the Daphnephoria, the practice was to
decorate branches of olive with garlands of laurel, which a boy used to
carry about; he was, for the time, crowned, and acting as a boy-
priest, in honour of Apollo, he was called Aapvnpogos, resembling some-
what our Episcopus Puerorum in die Innocentum, concerning which,
see Gregorii Posthuma, p. 92.
Ο Στέψον ουν με, και λυρισω
Παρα σοις, Διονυσε, σηκοις,
Μετα κουρης βαθυκολπα,
Ροδινοισι σεφανίσκοις
Πεπυκασμένος χορεύσω.
Anacreon, Od. 21.
Sometimes it was with branches of ivy, (avbra extive, i. e. Bacchus.)
Κισσοςεφος δε κειμαι.
Anacreon.
Sometimes with branches of the myrtle sacred to Venus.
7
Nunc decet aut viridi nitidum caput impedire myrto.
Hor. Od. L. i. Carm. 4.
c Nam per omne spatium feriarum, meliorem diei partem seriis dispu-
tationibus occupantes, cænæ tempore sermones conviviales agitant.
Macrobii Saturnalia, L. i. C. 1. And here, according to Aulus Gel-
lius, it was usual to present the best disputant with a crown of laurel :
Tum qui cænulam ordine suo curabat, præmium solvendæ questionis
ponebat Librum veteris Scriptoris vel Græcum vel Latinum, et Coronam
e lauro plexum. Noct. Attic. L. xviii. C. 2.
d Besides the Gymnastic exercises, at the public games, there were
contests in music, poetry, and other arts; the victors were crowned
י
1
416
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
!
that Corinna obtained the prize, five times, from Pindar*,
Euripides from Sophocles', and Hesiod could not be
crowned because he could not play upon the harp.
Under the Roman Emperors, the crowning of a poet
took a more settled form, and had the most honourable
signification: being the Emperor's own act, the crown
was not of laurel, but oak; yet the oak was sacred to
Jupiter; and as the contest, or ACT of the poet, was of
the highest rank, so was his crown accounted the most
dignified reward®.
with laurel, called wola Пagyaσcia, as growing on the hill Parnassus,
(Pindar. Pyth. viii. 28.)-Though it was not the office of the poet to
give the crown on these public occasions (there was a proper judge for
this, called, by Pindar, argens Eλanvodians Ol. 3.) Yet Pindar uni-
formly calls his Eulogistic Odes, figuratively, crowns, 5ɛpɑvol"
εμε δε ςεφανωσαι
Κείνον ιππικω νόμω
Αιοληίδι μολπη
Xgn.
Olymp. 1.
■ Vossius de Poetis Græcis, p. 29.
b Id.
• Potter's Grec. Antiq. Vol. i. C. 23.
d Called Agon Capitolinus. The crown of the poets, under the Em-
perors, was of oak, to distinguish it, probably, from the laurel, with
which the Emperors and conquerors were then crowned. Hence, on
their medals, we see them laureati. Vid. Numismata Imperat. Rom.
per Joan. Vaillant. 1696.
* These Agones were first instituted by Domitian, who, with his
assistant, crowned the victor with his own hand. The chaplet was
called Corona Olympica. This ceremony continued to the time of the
Emperor Theodosius. See Selden's Titles of Honour, p. 410.
}
1
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
417
This practice, after a long discontinuance by the Ro-
man emperors, was revived in the later empire in the 13th
century, and performed with equal solemnitya. It was
then called actus literarius, a literary or scholastic act;
and as the distinction of a laureat was great, the ceremony
of crowning him was performed with a proportionable
publicity, and all possible form. The petition of the
poet claiming the honour, the address of the personage
conferring it, and the whole process of the literary Act,
may be seen in Selden's Titles of Honour b.
The first person mentioned in Italy, as obtaining this
distinction, was the celebrated Petrarch. It was con-
ferred on him at Rome, and amidst a vast concourse of
people. But though the laurel increased his honours,
a Neque puta, says Scaliger, upon Ausonius, (as quoted by Selden)
aliunde Poetarum Laureatorum morem manasse. Nam et ipsi antiqui-
tus ab ipsis Cæsaribus Germanis coronabantur. Magnoq. in pretio ha-
biti semper apud Italos et Germanos qui id honoris virtute ingenii con-
secuti essent.
b Te itaq. Joannem Paulum Crusium Argentensem Liberalium Ar-
tium ac disciplinarum magistrum in hac florentissima assidentum Co-
rona ob insignes ingenii tui dotes, præsertim vero Artis Poeticæ doc-
trinam singularem, peritiam eximiam, ut moris est, vigore et tenore
Cæsarei hujus diplomatis, tanquam comes Palatinus, augustissima Im-
peratoriæ et Cesareæ Majestatis Auctoritate hac Laurea Poetica coro-
namus. The Count Palatine's Address to Crusius, who at the same time
was presented by him with a gold ring. Selden, as above, p. 404.
• Quin et Senatum urbis Romæ idem magnifacere exinde constare po-
test, quod anno Christi 1341, desuefactum ab aliquot seculis morem
coronandi revocaret, et Franciscum Petrarcham magna populi frequen-
tia et acclamatione in Capitolio Laurea donavit, quam ille deinceps,
ingenti nobilium pompa comitatus, tholo et umbilico altitudinis Templi
Petrini, exemplum posteritati, suspendit. Matthæus Stephani, de Juris-
dict. Lib. ii. p. 1, as quoted by Selden, ut sup. p. 404,
VOL. II.
EE
:
418 GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
1
it seems not to have improved his fortunes; and of what
he makes others say in contempt, he lived to feel the
realitya.
France never conferred this degree; but in England
we read of Sir John Gower, as being poet-laureat in the
14th century; and he was buried in St. Mary-Overy's
church, in Southwark, with all his blooming honours
upon him, his statue being crowned with ivy intertwined
with roses. It does not appear how he was laureated;
but John Shelton, or Skelton, rector of Diss, in Nor-
folk, who flourished in Henry the VIIth and Henry the
VIIIth's reign, was laureated, that is, graduated in the
University of Oxford, and at the same time Robert
Whitington. So that, to speak of the laureatship, in
treating of our-college, is certainly not out of place.
Qual vaggezza di Lauro? Qual de Mirto ?
Povera, i nuda va Filosophia.
b Blomefield's Ess. towards a Topograph. Hist. of Norfolk, Vol. i.
p. 20.
c Phillips' Theat. Poet. Ang. p. 41.
• Who calls himself Grammaticæ Magister, et Protovates Angliæ, in
florentissima Oxoniensi Academia Laureatus. In opusc. aliquot Londini
tunc editis, as quoted by Selden, Titles of Honour, p. 412. It is re-
markable, that Phillips, in his Theat. Poet. omits Whitington, and
Ritson, in his Bibl. Poetica, omits Skelton, who, besides that he was a
poet-laureat, is called, by Erasmus, the light and honour of the British
learning. Dr. Knight (Life of Dean Collet, p. 121) observes, speak-
ing of Whitington's graduating, " And this may discover the error of
some, who, not considering the crown of laurel as the ensign of a degree,
have been apt to think that a poet-laureat of old, as well as of late, had
that title, and a pension from the prince, when it came from the Uni-
versity, in commencing the degree of doctor of grammar; as it came
thus to Bernard Andrea, tutor of Prince Arthur, to John Skelton, tư
tor of Prince Henry, &c."
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE. 419
1
To what has been said on our degraduating a laureat in
this country, should it be objected, that his title is, in fact,
a diploma given by the king-who, by his royal mandate,
can, in like manner, create doctors in the several profes-
sions-it may be conceded there is some appearance of
resemblance; but our concession is made with this cau-
tion, that laureatship be considered as a personal honour,
and left in possession of its ancient privileges.
Ye woods and spreading groves, afford my muse
That bough, with which the sacred poets use
T'adorn their brows, that by their pattern led,
I with due honours may impale my head.
Evelyn's Translation of Renatus Rapinus's, Gardens, p.74.
With respect to Mr. Shadwell, the poet-laureat, from
whom we have wandered, he was the author of seven-
teen dramatic pieces, of which his Epsom Wells is said to
be the most admired.
Two or three words on the buildings. These in gene-
ral display a neat collegiate air. The least perhaps to be
admired are those things which seem to challenge our ad-
miration most: the low gate of Humility, at the eastern
entrance-the loftier arch of Virtue, with its portico and
emblematical figures, conducting to Caius's court, and
leading to the Public Schools-the gate of Honour, de-
corated with the peculiar ornaments of the different Gre-
cian orders are in the style of the sepulchral monuments
of Elizabeth's age, nuced from Italy about that
period. Taking them all together, we may, perhaps,
consider them as those little models of ships sometimes
made by seafaring people, to explain the sails, masts, and
different parts of a vessel; and we may then gather from
EE 2
42Q GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
!
1
them some hints concerning the orders, and we may fur-
ther, with advantage, bring away the moral sentiments
which they were intended to convey. But we may ap-
prove their utility of instruction, without admiring their ar-
chitectural propriety. For to affect grandeur on a small
scale, is not to be sublime. The revival of taste in Eng-
land has overpowered much of conceit in the arts, and
the dawn of science has dissolved many a charm.
Much of elegance is seen in the interior style of the
chapel, in which lies the founder, entombed under a
monument raised rather singularly against the northern
wall. Over the altar is a good picture of the Annuncia-
tion, copied by Retz, from Carlo Maratti, so much ad-
mired for his style of painting the Maries. This picture
will be thought very appropriate, if we recollect the
college was dedicated to the Annunciation of the Blessed
Virgin. In the master's lodge are portraits of all the old
masters, except Dr. Dell, the quaker master; there are
also two portraits of Alderman Trapps and his wife,
1554, which are reckoned fine ones, and supposed to be
by Holbein. There are likewise a few portraits in the
hall of eminent physicians and others formerly members
of the college, among which is one of Dr. Harvey.
The library is to be admired more for its contents, than
its structure. It abounds in MSS. and some are valu-
able. Among these are a Hebrew Bible, incomplete,
beginning with Joshua, and ending with Malachi, c. 44.
Judging by the rules laid down by Dr. Kennicota, it is
not so old as that in the public library, but older than
that in Emmanuel, which he reckoned of the 13th cen-
• Observationes Generales, &c. subjoined to his Hebrew Bible, where
may be seen an account of this MS.
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
421
tury. The Four Gospels, in Greek, not so well written
as the Epistles in Emmanuel, but ancient. A fair
well-written Greek MS. but modern, of Simplicius's
Commentary on Aristotle's Physics: there are some La-
tin translations of different parts of Aristotle more an-
cient. Several MSS. of the Latin Classics. Various
MS. volumes of Visitations, in reference to heraldı y and
genealogies, made in the 16th and 17th centuries-many
medical MSS. also, given by Dr. Caius, among which
are his own readings and observations on Galen, &c. The
original MS. of Parker's Szos, Cantab. 1622. There
is a peculiarity in his way of writing the Y, which has over
it a dot; after the manner of the Saxon. Some MS.
Collections, by Robert Hare, Esq.". But let this suf-
fice for the present.
No college has less of a Rus in urbe than this; every
where surrounded with the town, and public buildings;
with little of garden, no agreeable walks, overshadowing
groves, or refreshing water, and not a single outlet into
the adjacent country. But buildings, like men, inust
yield to circumstances, and bend to necessity. Garden,
and wood and water, are not for every place. Moses
himself could not strike water out of every rock, nor up
on every occasion: and it is fruitless to complain. Con-
* Some remarks on both are in Mills's Prolegomena ad Novum Tes-
tamentum Græcum, p. 148.
b What further I have to say is reserved for another occasion. It is
many years since I took some memoranda in this library, except one
or two lately made for the purpose of the present work. Near 200 vo-
lumes, I think, were brought here from the monastery of St. Edmund's
Bury; and they have been remarkably fortunate in the preservation of
them;
for out of 247 MSS. in Wren's Catalogue, there is, if I am cor-
rect in my memorandum, but one missing, No. 16.
422
GONVILE AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
:
sider yourself, then, as having been already in the garden,
hortus Pieridum, as a library has been called. So, hav-
ing nothing to invite us to perambulate, let us make our
peroration.
Having observed a mistake of the printer's (for not be-
ing now on the spot, to examine his manuscript, we are
unwilling to charge it on Mr. Parker, who was fellow of
this college), in regard to the ancient site of Gonvile Hall
we are insensibly led to notice a slight inaccuracy of Dr.
Fuller's, with respect to the name. He says, that Gon-
vile built a Hall, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, on the
place where now are the Orchard and Tennis Court of
Bene't College. But there had been, previously to this,
a college, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and it seems not
likely another house, so close to it, should bear exactly
the same name. Ancient writings (as we have seen in
the MS. in this library, copied from the archives of Tri-
nity Hall) state the name, "the Annunciation of the
Blessed Virgin."So we see the Annunciation of the
Blessed Virgin becomes Gonvile Hall-Gonvile Hall
becomes Gonvile and Caius College, and now in conver-
sation, and for abbreviation, we commonly call it Caius
College. Thus do names change; and "the place that
knew them, knows them no more,"
1
·

Drawn & Eng by J.Greg.
Sidney Sussex College.
[ 423 ]
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
THIS is the least foundation in the University, and be-
fore Downing College, the last, being the 16th. It oc-
cupies the site on which was formerly a religious house of
that numerous body, the Franciscans or Grey Friars.
The House was founded by Edward the First, but being
dissolved, and its property dispersed at the dissolution of
monasteries, the greater part probably, if not all of it,
went to Henry's college of Trinity; and, as observed
before, Sidney College pays to this day an annual rent to
Trinity, for the site on which it is erected, being a fee-
farm settled by act of parliament.
Mr. Parker says of this monastery of the Grey Fri-
arsa," that it was very famous among all the others at
Cambridge, because formerly the yearly assemblies of
the University, and the public exercises, were kept in it,
by reason of its largeness: what authority he had for his
remark, I know not; I do not see he is preceded in it by
Caius or Archbishop Parker, nor followed by Fuller.
The schools, according to Caius, before the erection of
the present, were in hired houses, under a condition,

a Hist. of Camb. p. 156.
424
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
that they should not be let for any other purpose within a
limited time. However, if Mr. Parker's remark is cor-
rect, the House of Grey Friars passed more naturally
into a society for literary men; and wanted only a foun-
dress and funds to give it birth. These were found in
Lady Frances Sidney.
This lady died May 1588, and by her will, dated 6th
December, 1588, left 5000l. besides some other property
for the building, and endowing of a college on this site,
for one master, ten fellows, and twenty scholars: but, on
supposition her legacy was not sufficient for that purpose,
all the money was to be applied to the enlarging of Clare
Hall, with the same number of fellows and scholars as
were designed to compose her own institution. Henry
Grey, Earl of Kent, Sir John Harrington, her nephew,
together with Nicholas Bond, D. D. and Robert Forth,
L.D., were left executors, and Archbishop Whitgift,
with Dr. Goodman, Dean of Westminster, overseers:
and the same will ordered, that Dr. Nowell should
preach her funeral sermon.
Dr. Fuller mentions a singular piece of address, as
making part of this lady's will, which was, that a jewel,
like a star, of rubies, and diamonds, with a ruby in the
midst, worth 1401. having on the back side a hand deli-
vering up a heart to a crown, should be presented to the
queen: this was accordingly done; and at the delivery,
a mortmain was humbly requested, to found a college,
which her majesty as graciously granted. To be short,
the college was founded; (this Benjamin College, as
+
a These two last are added to those mentioned by Dr. Fuller, from
an indenture copied into R. Smyth's MS.
› Hist, of Cambridge, p. 163.
!
1
•
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
425
1
Fuller oddly calls it) the least and last in time, and born
after the death of its mother. The year of this lady's
will must be taken from the time of its being proved;
otherwise the year of her death will appear antedated.
The charter of foundation bears date 1593.
With respect to this lady's history, then, she was noble
by birth, more noble by marriage, but noblest of all, by
her kindred; daughter to Sir William Sidney, the third
of three noble lords of that name, wife to Thomas
Radcliffe, Earl of Sussex, an excellent soldier, and dis-
tinguished, first, as the lord deputy of Ireland, and after-
wards as lord chamberlain, in very turbulent times; aunt
to Sir Philip Sidney, so famous in this country for his
poetical romance, called Arcadia, and for his patronage
of universities and literature, beloved and respected at
home, for his many amiable qualities, and wondered at
throughout all Europe, for his diplomatic talents, a poet,
a warrior, a philosopher, and politician, and, to crown
all, a conscientious good man 2. She was aunt also to
the great (for a subject, much too great) Robert Earl of
Leicester, who, from directing the councils of Eliza-
beth, aspired to partake her bed. Thus noble she was,
if nobility consists in blood, as well by birth as by inti-
mate relationship to three most eminent ministers of
Queen Elizabeth, of different characters, indeed, but all
men very conspicuous.
a
•
This (Elizabeth's) age was one distinguished, beyond
any in our history, for learned ladies and for patronesses
of literature. Of this number was Ann, wife of Sir Ni-
cholas Bacon, eminently skilled in the Greek and Latin
* Lloyd's Statesmen of England, p. 307-313.
b Fragmenta Regalia. By Sir Rob. Naunton. Phoenix, p. 181.
426
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
languages, as were all the daughters of Sir Edw. Coke,
of whom she was one; Mildred, the wife of Lord Trea-
surer Cecil, as had been before Mrs. Margaret Roper
and her daughter, and all the daughters, and also Mrs.
Margaret Clement, the niece, of Sir Thomas More: nor
must we omit to add our queens Mary and Elizabetha.
It would be easy to make a large list of ladies of this ho-
nourable description, about this period: but suffice it to
have added now the name of our illustrious foundress.
Though the original funds of this college were small,
(and, it seems, according to Dr. Fuller, her effects sold
very ill) it received additional benefactions from others.
The Earl of Kent gave it the legacy bequeathed to him
by the foundress. The executors added something of
their own: but finding, after all, they had not still
enough for ten fellowships, they reduced them to seven.
These are now all open; that is, may be enjoyed by scho-
lars of any part of his majesty's dominions. They have
since had other benefactors, and other fellowships, of
which one is vested in the warden and company of fish-
mongers, in London: though not all open fellowships,
they are in general founded on liberal principles.
It has been observed, that the statutes of this college
are not lodged in any public repository: and I have also
read somewhere (if my recollection does not fail me,
among Cole's MSS.) that the statutes are many of them
\
2 Caii Opusc. p. 158, whose narrative, however, is strangely con-
fused and tautological, as though Mrs. Roper was any other than one
of the family of Sir Thomas More. She was his eldest daughter, with
whom Erasmus corresponded, and whom he greatly admired. For an
interesting account of Queen Elizabeth and Lady Jane Gray, see As-
cham's Schoolmaster, p. 34-62.
5
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
427.
bad, and must be altered; but where there is no know-
ledge, there should be no opinion: and there are some
subjects about which I should not be over-forward to
give an opinion, and, perhaps, this would be one ;-so to
proceed to the distinguished men of this college.
The literary history of this college commences, of
course, with the time when the Puritans were not meanly
thought of, and were as yet not ejected: the first we
shall have to notice, as being the first on the list of
writers of this college, was Mr. William Bradshaw, A.M.
a puritan, one of the first fellows, who wrote a Discourse
on the Unreasonableness of Separation, and of the Sin
against the Holy Ghost: but of course this is neither of
the Bradshaws mentioned by Dr. Calamy ª.
This college, however, in its progress, had its due
portion of loyalty. Dr. Montague, or Montacute, mas-
ter, so appointed by the foundress's executors: he
translated King James's works into Latin, of which an
elegant copy, in velvet and gold, is in the public library
of this University, presented by his majesty himself. Dr.
Montague was first Bishop of Bath and Wells, then of
Winchester, translated, at length, to Worcester, and lies
buried in the cathedral church b.
Daniel Dike, B. D. fellow, a Puritan, is called, by
Fuller, that faithful servant, in discovering the deceitful-
ness of man's heart, as having written a treatise on that
subject, and it was deemed of sufficient consequence to
* Some account of him may be seen in Wood's Athenæ.
b This writer has been mentioned elsewhere; and Bishop Monta-
gue is certainly entitled to a place also among the benefactors. Even
one who had been his servant, gave them, according to Fuller (Hist. of
Camb. p.154), one of their first church livings in Bedfordshire.
428
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
!
be translated into Latin by Mr. Verneval, librarian of the
Bodleian. He died 1614. Jeremy Dike, also, bro-
ther of Daniel, was a celebrated puritan preacher, and
author of some religious tracts, on Scandal, on Co-
vetousness, and on the Eucharist.
Of the same school were the famous Mr. Thomas
Gataker, and Mr. Jeremy Whitacre. The former, an
eminent critic in the Greek language, published several
works in that department of literature. There was a
splendid edition of Mr. Gataker's works, published some
time after his death, viz. in 1698, at Utrecht.-
He was most celebrated for a critical work on the New
Testament, which has been much admired. In this he
was assisted by some of the assembly of divines, of whom
he was one. He also wrote some of the lives in Dr.
Fuller's Abel Redivivus. But notice has been already
taken of him under St. John's College. Mr. Jeremy
Whitacre, also, was another puritan, distinguished both as
a preacher and a writer, as was, afterwards, his son,
Robert. To these may be added Mr. Thomas Adams,
author of a Comment on St. Peter's Second Epistle.
Dr. Fuller's List of learned Writers stops at Thomas
Adams: he enumerates only six, and gives little more
than their names; though, as he tells us himself, this
college was his mother for the last eight years in this Uni-
a Smyth's MS.
Those of Peter Martyr, Bale, Whitgift, Ridley, William Whit-
acre, Parker, and others. Fuller's Preface to the Abel Redivivus.
• He should have been noticed under Emman. Coll. See Dr. Cala-
my's Account of Eject. Ministers, Vol. ii. p. 25.
Hist. of Camb. p. 155.
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
429
I
4
versity. This consideration will justify my frequent ap-
peals to his authority, in the early part of the history of
this college; for when Fuller wrote, it had been founded
only about 60 years.
Mr. W. Dugard was an eminent grammarian, author
of Rhetorices Compendium, a Greek Grammar, and Lu-
ciani Samosatensis Dialogorum Libri Duo.
He was
master of Merchant Taylor's School, and died in
1662a.
Mr. Walter Montague, a devout popish author, wrote
Spiritualia, being Pious Essays, and a Letter against
Protestantism, and also a comedy, entitled The Shep-
herd's Paradise. He was the son of a noble family, and,
probably, had he lived a little earlier, when Cardinal Pole
ruled the church, (though but for a few years) he might
have been an English bishop: as it was, he became a
French abbot, and died in 1669. Here, perhaps, we
may add Mr. John Lewis, author of Melchisedec's An-
tetype, or the Scrutiny of the Mass. Mr. Robert
Smyth thinks he was the sequestered Vicar of Childwall,
in Lancashire.
Among the protestant divines of this more early period
of our college, may be mentioned Dr. John Pocklington,
a Smyth's MS.
↳ The Lord Montague was the ambassador (being one of three) sent
to represent the Second Estate of the Nation, and to do homage to the
Pope, on Mary's coming to the throne. Beccatelli's Life of Cardinal
Reginald Pole, by Pye, p. 103.
• Every one acquainted with the Catholic Theology will see the con-
nexion. Missa (the mass) Incruentum Christianorum sacrificium, in
quo Christi Corpus conficitur. Qua notione vox hæc usurpata fere
semper a Romana Ecclesia, ut observatum a Baronio Ann. 34. n. 60,
et aliis. Dufresne, Gloss, sub missa.
430
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
canon of Windsor, first scholar here, afterwards fellow of
Pembroke Hall; Robert Wensley, author of a Form of
sound Words, to prove that the Church of England is
most apostolical; Mr. Richard Hoggeston, described
by Mr. Robert Smyth as a learned Calvinist, and as.
writing, among other things, Ichnographia Doctrinæ Jus-
tificationis, secundum Typum in Monte, and some tracts
against the Papists and Quakers; John Playfere, B. D.
fellow, is described by the same as writing, Appello Evan-
geliüm, on the true Doctrine of Predestination, printed
in 1652.
Of the ejected loyalists two were men of considerable
learning: one was Dr. Samuel Ward, the master, of
whom an account has been given under Christ's Col-
lege; the other was Seth Ward, fellow, who had been
Dr. Samuel Ward's servitor. We have already seen that
Dr. Samuel Ward had been in the Presbyterian interest,
and even nominated to be of the Assembly of Divines;
and Anthony Wood and Mr. Walker say, it must not be
concealed that he had very much degenerated from his
former principles, and even taken the engagement: and
accordingly, when Mr. Greaves, the author of Pyramo-
dographia, and many other learned works, was removed
from the Savilian Professorship of Astronomy, at Ox-
ford, Mr. Ward (Greaves himself employing all his inte-
rest in his favour) was appointed to succeed him. In
1654 he proceeded D. D. at Oxford, and was there first
elected president of Jesus College, and afterwards, in
1659, principal of Trinity, though, as Mr. Walker ex-
presses it, "he was forced soon after to give it up to
a Sufferings of the Clergy, part ii. p. 159.
b Ward's Lives of the Gresham Professors, p. 146.
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
431
Dr. Potter, the right owner." However, after the Re-
storation, he rose to be Bishop of Exeter, and in 1669
was translated to Salisbury. It is comical enough to
hear Mr. Walker, after having described the good bishop,
as having taken the engagement, talk of his keeping, a
watchful eye over the Dissenters in both his dioceses.
However, Dr. Seth Ward was allowed to be a man of
genius and great learning, more particularly eminent as a
mathematician and astronomer. There is an account of
his writings in Wood's Athenæ Oxonienses b. He died
in 1688; and there is a monument erected to his memory
in his cathedral of Salisbury. There is also a distinct ac-
count of his life and writings by Dr. Pope.
Though there might be some Non-conformists, for-
merly of this college, ejected from their livings by the
Bartholomew Act, it does not appear on the face of Dr.
Calamy's Account of ejected Ministers, that any were
removed from the college. The one Mr. Minshull, put
in by the Parliament (as Mr. Walker calls him), in room
of Dr. Samuel Ward, is mentioned by Dr. Fuller, as
the first master bred in and chosen by the College, and
• Better described, in reference to his pliability of principle, by a tho-
rough good churchman, thus-Verum temporibus servire doctus, suiq.
memor ab iisdem jam victoribus in Academia Oxoniensi Astronomiæ
Professor Savilianus Constituitur, et Collegii Trinitatis itidem Præses.
Idem postmodo temporibus mutatis obsequio facili se accomodavit, et
anno 1661 Decanus, deinde Episcopus Exoniensis nominatur, ad Saris-
burium translatus duodecimo Sept. 1667. Richardsoni edit. God-
win. de Præsul. Angl. p. 360.
↳ The principal are, De Cometis, Idea Trigonometriæ Demonstratæ,
and Exercitatio in Hobbii Philosophiam.
c The three first were put in by the foundress's executors. Fuller's
History of Cambridge, p. 154.
432
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
much meriting thereof by his providence," but I know of
nothing written by him. It does not appear that he was
ejected at the Restoration. He was S. T. B. in 1643,
D. D. in 1644, and died in 1686.
To proceed then to more miscellaneous subjects.
John Bramhall, Bishop of Derrie, in Ireland, is men-
tioned by Fuller, as having been educated here. He be-
came, afterwards, Archbishop of Armagh, and primate of
Ireland in 1660. He wrote much against the Papists
and Quakers, and died in 1663. Sir Peter Pett, first
scholar here, afterwards fellow of All Soul's, Oxford, was
author of a Discourse on Trade, on Populousness and
Trade since the Reformation, and another on Liberty of
Conscience a
Sir George Ent, M. D. an eminent physician, wrote
Animadversiones on Dr. Thurston's, Diatribe de Respira-
tionis usu primario. He was the particular friend and
contemporary in the University of the famous Dr. Har-
vey, and edited his book, already mentioned, with a dedi-
cation to the President and Fellows of the College of
Physicians. He died in 1663".
■ There is an account of him and his writings in Wood's Athenæ.
Mr. Robert Smyth says, that Sir P. P. wrote also a Treatise on Scrip-
ture, which is not in Wood, and that Mr. Boyle took his plan from it on
the same subject-On what authority this is said, does not appear.
There is no intimation of it either in Mr. Boyle's "Considerations
touching the Style of, the Holy Scripture," nor in his Dedication to the
Earl of Orrery, nor yet in his Letter to Mr. P, P. A. G. F. I. whom I
take to be Sir Peter Pett himself, attorney-general of Ireland. On the
contrary, it seems, by Mr. Boyle's own account, that his Considera-
tions were written, though in a somewhat rambling, yet in a very
thoughtful independent manner.
b See vol. i. p. 209, of the present History.
-
1
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
433
Gilbert Clerke, fellow, and proctor in 1653, was a ce-
lebrated mathematician, and advocate of the Unitarian
principles in the former character, he wrote against
Mr. Oughtred's Clavis Mathematica; in the latter,
against Bishop Bull's Defence of the Nicene Faith. He
died in 1696.
Sir Roger L'Estrange was editor of the Public Intelli-
gencer, said to be the first English newspaper. This
work communicated" the chief Transactions of, and Ad-
vertisements from, the three Nations-viz. England, Scot-
land, and Ireland, with the Proceedings in both Houses
of Parliament; also Occurrences from Foreign Parts."
It was published by authorityª. Sir Roger, also, wrote
various religious pieces, and translations from various
languages. He was born in 1616, and lived to a great
age, dying in 1704.
Mr. John Allen, fellow, was the great labourer and
learned friend, mentioned by Mr. Whiston, as assisting
him in what he called Primitive Christianity revived.
Thomas Woolston, B. D. 1699, and fellow, was author
of various treatises relating to Christ, and the Christian
religion: first of a book entitled, the Old Apology for the
Truth of the Christian Religion, against the Jews and
Gentiles revived, which he professes to treat of in a pe-
culiar manner, but in a way of free and impartial in-
quiry; a second, of the exact Fitness of the Time, in
which Christ was manifested in the flesh: this was deli-
a" By virtue and authority of letters patent, granted by the late
King Charles, confirmed by Act of Parliament, and also exemplified
under the Great Seal of England." Public Intelligencer, from Monday,
Apr. 23, to Apr. 30, 1660.
b Memoirs of Dr. Samuel Clarke, p. 31, 32.
VOL. II.
F F
с
434
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
+
A
vered as a public exercise in the college chapel, and, as he
says, "heard with approbation, and is in some sort con-
nected with the preceding discourse:" he calls it "a re-
viving of the primitive and apostolical doctrine:" a third,
was his famous "Discourse on the Miracles of our Sa-
viour," in different discourses, addressed to different
bishops;, and, at length, the Defence of his discourses,
addressed to the Queen, and all, as he expresses it, in
view of the present controversy of Infidels and Apostates.
He was well acquainted with the Fathers, and maintain-
ed, that the miracles of Christ were not literal, but to be
taken in an allegorical sense. He also wrote various
other treatises, in a way that was considered ludicrously
intentioned, and even hostile to Christianity; and, accord-
ingly, occasioned much controversy with the clergy.
1
William Wollaston, Esq. who was admitted 18th Janu-
ary, 1674, A. M. 1681, scholar, was the learned author
of the Religion of Nature delineated; first printed in
1722: but a piratical edition being printed, a correct
edition was published in 1726. In 1709 he compiled
Memoirs relating to himself and family a. As a sort of
succedaneum to the Religion of Nature delineated, was
published the Religion of Jesus delineated, by a different
hand. It is remarkable, that Voltaire has confounded
together Woolston and Wollaston. The latter died
1724.
Dr. Thomas Wilson, Bishop of Sodor and Man, was
a See Mr. Nichols's History of Leicestershire, last volume. There
is a good portrait of Mr. W. in Sidney College Lodge. There is also
another in Dr. Williams's Library, in Red Cross Street, which the Rev.
Mr. Morgan, the librarian, says, was presented to the Library by one
of Mr. Wollaston's family, with an intimation, that he died a Dis❤
senter.
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
435
author of many tracts for the promotion of piety; parti-
cularly a short and plain Instruction to the better under-
standing of the Lord's Supper; and Dialogues for the
Instruction of the Indians; but more particularly known
for his edition of the New Testament, with Notes pre-
fixed, with a Summary of the different editions. Bishop
Wilson died 1755.?
The next was a poetical writer, very young, and never
matured, an unfortunate undergraduate; who, after ba-
nishing himself from college, died in London, oppressed
with poverty and misfortunes, (like another Chatterton)
though not by his own hands. He was preparing for
the press a poetical version of Ovid's Epistles. His
poetical works were published in 1728, 8vo. His Abe-
lard to Eloisa, and his Henry to Rosamond, display a con-
siderable talent for poetry.
Never was tale more lamentable told than in this
volume: I cannot forbear copying a letter to a person,
of whom he was soliciting charity, from the Memoirs of
his Life, prefixed to his poetical works, printed in Lon-
don 1728.
SIR,
IF you was ever touched with a sense of humanity,
consider my condition; what I am, my proposals will
inform you; what I have been, Sidney College can wit-
ness; but what I shall be, some few hours hence, I
tremble to think. Spare my blushes. I have not en-
joyed the common necessaries of life for these two days,
and can hardly hold my pen, to subscribe myself
Your most humble servant,
W. PATTISON.
FF 2
436
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
3
In the Memoirs is a most admirable letter from Mr. W.
Harte, a young gentleman of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford,
giving Pattison some rules for his intended translation of
Ovid's Epistles.
Pattison having fallen into some imprudences, took
his name out of the college books, to prevent expulsion.
He was solicited to return, but was too proud to submit,
and had grown too fond of the town.
What Pattison's imprudences were, I know not, and if
I did, I would not publish them; for, to borrow the
words of Mr. Harte, "May my own ill poetry never find
favour, if I take any pleasure in disturbing the ashes of the
dead."
Poor Pattison died of the small-pox, a little while after
writing the above letter, aged 21. He was buried in the
church-yard of St. Clement's Danes, in the Strand.
We have one or two other poetical writers, of this col-
lege, who should have been mentioned before, as being
prior, in the order of time, to Mr. Pattison.
Mr. Charles Alleyn is represented by Mr. Smyth as
an elegant historical poet, who died about 1640. Mr.
Carter mentions him as author of the Battles of Cressy
and Poictiers, and also of that of Bosworth Field, and
the History of Henry VII. I have never seen them
and therefore barely record them.
Thomas May, Esq. scholar, was author of the History
of Henry II. in Verse, and of the Civil Wars in England,
in Prose. He also published a Translation of Virgil's
Georgics, with Notes, in 1622; but his best known
work is a Translation of Lucan's Pharsalia, with Notes,
printed in 1633.
Mr. May also wrote three tragedies and two comedies,
1
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
437
the Heir and Old Couple. He was candidate for the
place of poet-laureat, against the author of Gondibert,
Sir William D'Avenant, though he lost it. Becoming af-
terwards a republican, he was appointed Annalist to the
Parliament, but died soon after in 1650. He was son
and heir to Sir Thomas May, of Mayfield, Sussex.
Mr. May also published a Continuation of the Subject
of Lucan's Historical Poem, with Notes, which is dedi-
cated, in a well-written style, to Charles I.
Great allowances must be made for the structure of
Mr. May's rhimed verse, in reference to the time in
which he wrote, and the translator comes with disadvantage
after the poet, whose verse is very elegant and harmonious.
But he was a man of learning: his Heir is a good
comedy; and his Translation of Lucan has prefixed to it
a few fine complimentary lines by Ben Jonson.
Several men, eminent by rank, though not by publica-
tions, might be mentioned, who were educated here;
such as Edward Montague, Earl of Manchester, chan-
cellor of the University, brother to the Mr. Walter
Montague, the Catholic, already noticed; and other
Montagues of the same family, particularly William
Montague, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer; Sir
Charles North, eldest son of Dudley Lord North; and
Sir Robert Atkins, Chief Baron of the Exchequer, who
died 1709, father of Sir Robert Atkins, the well-known
author of the Ancient and Present State of Gloucester-
* The comedies are in Dodsley's Collection of Old Plays, vol. 7.
Voted out by Parliament, Nov. 27, 1651, and the order read in
Convocation, Dec. 2. He was son of Henry, first Earl of Manchester.
Another Earl of Manchester, 60th chancellor, was displaced by Charles.
He died in 1671.
438
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
i
shire; and Oliver Cromwell, Protector, of whom there is
in the Master's Lodge, a fine original portrait, reckoned
the principal curiosity in this college. There is a medal-
lion of him, taken, if I mistake not, from this living pic-
ture, for which the late Empress of Russia offered 5001.
It was the property of the late Dr. Andrew Gifford, of
the Museum, and now in the museum and library left
by him to the Baptist Academy at Bristol. Cromwell
was born in the county of Huntingdon, and in the re-
gister of St. Ives, in that county, his name stands as a
churchwarden. He was admitted fellow-commoner
here 23d April, 1616. In 1628 he represented the town
of Cambridge, and some years after took violent posses-
sion of it for the Parliament.
So much for our learned and eminent men; and it
cannot but are struck our readers, that there have been
two or three of the stoutest royalists, and two or three of
the stoutest republicans in the country, of this college.
Every college hay not many striking curiosities: this
we have on has some
The entrance to Sidney is by a good Doric mortico: the
first court is neat little brick building, but nothing
in it remarkable van the second court is its chapel, with
few years sing

an
and a new
unifor
Elliston, late master
as rebuilt;
If more
the an-
Over-
cient character of the ecclesiastic, superintending and di-
recting the building, according to his own taste.
own taste.
the altar-piece is a Venetian painting, by Pittoni, repre-
senting the Virgin Mary with her infant Son, reclining on
loose straw: it has been somewhat damaged, but is still
to be admired for its design and colouring.

Olinamus Cromwel Luytenant Generael
van t'Parlement.
Peter Hariprechts fecit et exc.
Jorm
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
439
Here is a good garden, an admirable bowling-green, a
beautiful summer-house, at the back of which is a walk,
agreeably winding, with variety of trees and shrubs inter-
twining, and forming, the whole length, a fine canopy
over head; with nothing but singing, and fragrance, and
seclusion; a delightful summer retreat; the sweetest lo-
ver's or poet's walk, perhaps, in the University. So our
traveller is left to his own meditation.
Having never looked into the library of this college but
once, and then very rapidly, I was in danger of overlook-
ing it. So I just whisper to my traveller, that the Li-
brary is a small neat-built room, corresponding to the
other parts of the college. It communicates with the
Master's Lodge, and has in it, I understand, some good
printed books, and a few MSS. So I leave my tra-
veller again to his meditations.
P.S. I have omitted one of the best classical scholars
of this college, Thomas Twining, A. M. 1763. He
published a Translation of Aristotle's Treatise on Poetry,
with Notes on the Translation and on the Original, and
Two Dissertations on Poetical and Musical Imitation;
all of which (together with his Preface) discover equal
sagacity, erudition, and taste. It was published in 1789.
I was mistaken as to Mr. T.'s college, and thought he
had already been mentioned.
=
Vorm
[ 440 ]
氰
​DOWNING COLLEGE.
Now we are approaching the very last, though not the
very least of the family of our Alma Mater: For Down-
ing, it appears, aspires to be great among her daughters.
From the manner in which the last chapter was word-
ed, our readers would conclude that we intended to close
with it; and, indeed, so it was intended: but from infor-
mation just received, that the artist had provided a plate
for this college, it becomes necessary to furnish a history.
A few materials for it, indeed, had been prepared; but
the work had so grown upon our hands, that in consult-
ing brevity, it seemed expedient to reserve those materials,
with other appendices, for some future opportunity.
Sed non fata sinunt.
The founder, then, of this college was Sir George
Downing, of Gamlingay, in Bedfordshire, of an an-
cient family, that first settled in the county of Essex,
where Geffry Downing had an estate at Poles Beldham
in that county. His ancestor, Dr. Calybut Downing,
was competitor for the wardenship of All Soul's Col-
lege, Oxford (which, however, was obtained by Dr. Gil-
Maou
7

Trown.k.Eng * By JGrag.
Part of Downing College
Longman & C
DOWNING COLLEGE.
441
1
bert Sheldon), and wrote in justification of episcopacy,
and on other subjects, and died in 1644. Sir George,
his son, was of note in Oliver's days, being sent by
him as resident to the States General of Holland:
but after the Restoration, becoming equally zealous in
the royal cause, as he had been before in the Parlia-
ment's, he was elected burgess for Morpeth, in Nor-
thumberland, to serve in the parliament of 1660. In
1661 he was sent envoy extraordinary into Holland, and on
his return made secretary to the treasury, and one of his
majesty's commissioners of the customs. He bought an
estate at Hatley, in the county of Cambridge, and (being
then only a knight) was created a baronet, July 1, in
1663, Car. II. 15. Of him was born Sir George Down-
ing, who married Lady Catharine, eldest daughter of
James Earl of Salisbury, by whom he had issue, George,
our present founder.
Our Sir George Downing, then, was member of par-
liament for Dunwich, in Suffolk, which borough he re-
presented in three parliaments, 1710ª, 1713, and 1727:
in other respects, he seems to have lived as a private
gentleman. He married the daughter of Sir William
Forrester, knight, of Shropshire, and died without issue,
in 1747.
What further relates to Sir George Downing will be
connected with his foundation, and what to his college,
must be summed up in few words; for of a college
which they are only now building, and in which as yet
there are no students, much could not well be said. The
will of the founder is dated 1717, in which he leaves
considerable estates in Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, and
a Collins's Baronetage.
442
DOWNING COLLEGE.
:
Suffolk, to his nearest relations, who were his first cou-
sins, and their issue. If at their death they had no issue,
he then left those estates in trust, for the purpose of
Building a college, which, under approbation of the Arch-
bishops of Canterbury and York, and the Masters of St.
John's and Clare Hall, was to be built at Cambridge,
and to bear his name. His estates so bequeathed,
amount now to near 6000l. a year.
This matter had been the subject of great litigation;
but on Friday, June 17, 1768, the Lord Chancellor, as-
sisted by the Master of the Rolls, and the Chief Justice
of the Court of Common Pleas, unanimously pronounced
the validity of the will, and the assignment of the estates
for the foundation of a college, at Cambridge.
It is not necessary to give a detail of particulars; suf-
fice it to say, the great seal was affixed to the charter for
its incorporation by the Lord Chancellor Loughborough,
on the 22d September, 1800.
This House differs, in some respects, from the other
colleges. It consists of a master, a professor of the laws
of England, and one of medicine, together with sixteen
fellows and six scholars, with 501. a year, to last only for
four years.
The master is to be chosen by the four gen-
tlemen of the University mentioned above; but always
from among those who, either are or were, professors or
fellows of this college. These rules are to be observed
after the completion of the college, and have been thus
far attended to.
The professors must be chosen according to certain
rules and description of character given in the charter,
from the colleges of Cambridge or Oxford; and a gen-
a And, also, two chaplains and a librarian.
DOWNING COLLEGE.
443
tleman of a Scotch university may also be chosen to be a
professor of medicine: scholars and fellows are to be
chosen, and lectures given, as in the other colleges, when
the house is completed.
Professors are to give their lectures, not as the old
college professors, merely to the members of the col
lege, but to the University at large, on receiving the pro-
per terms for admission.
With respect to the fellows, it is provided, that two
shall be in holy orders; of the others it is required,
that at a certain period fixed by the charter, they either
become barristers of law, or doctors of physic.
The mastership and professorships are for life, and
possessed of the same privileges as other establishments
of the kind in the University: the fellowships are resign-
ed by marriage, or, at all events, at the end of twelve
years, unless they have a licence to hold them longer.
The master's lodge, and the residence of the professor
of medicine are almost finished; and it will be evident to
every one, by the present beginning, that the intention is
to make a most magnificent building. It will consist of
one large stone-faced quadrangle, more spacious than
that of Trinity College; the south side will be 500 feet
long. It will be composed of the Keton stone. The
master's lodge is an elegant specimen of the Ionic order:
the entrance of the college will be of the Doric; and
these two orders will run through the whole quadrangle.
%
On the foundation day, 18th May, 1807, a sermon
was preached on the occasion, and a procession made to
the Senate House, where a Latin oration was delivered
by one of the fellows: then followed the ceremony of
laying the first stone, and of pronouncing the benedic-
tion.
ני
•
444
DOWNING COLLEGE.
The following inscription on the brass plate, upon the
foundation-stone, it may, perhaps, not be improper to
introduce.
}
COLLEGIVM. DOWNINGENSE
IN. ACADEMIA. CANTABRIGIÆ
GEORGIVS. DOWNING. DE. GAMLINGAY
IN. EODEM. COMITATV. BARONETTVS
TESTAMENTO. DESIGNAVIT
OPIBVSQVE. MVNIFICE. INSTRVXIT
ANNO. SALVTIS. M.DCC.XVII.
REGIA. TANDEM. CHARTA. STABILIVIT
GEORGIVS. TERTIVS. OPTIMVS. PRINCEPS
ANNO. M.DCCC.
HÆC. VERO ÆDIFICII. PRIMORDIA
MAGISTER. PROFESSORES. ET. SOCII
POSVERVNT
QVOD. AD. RELIGIONIS. CVLTVM
IVRIS. ANGLICANI. ET. MEDICINE. SCIENTIAM
ET. AD. RECTAM. JVVENTVTIS. INGENVÆ
DISCIPLINAM. PROMOVENDAM
FELICITER. EVENIAT.
That is-
Sir George Downing, of Gamlingay, in the county of
Cambridge, Baronet, designated by will, Downing Col-
lege, and munificently endowed it with revenues in the
year of our redemption 1717. George III. the best of
princes, confirmed it, by royal charter, in the year
1800. The professors and fellows erected this begin-
ning of the edifice; and may it have a happy effect on
the cultivation of religion, of the English law, and the
science of medicine, and in promoting the true disci-
pline of ingenuous youth.
The Lord Chancellor, in giving his opinion, said, that
the estate could not be applied to any other purpose, than
3
DOWNING COLLEGE.
445
the founding of a college; and that it must be called
Downing College; but that, in other respects, it was in
the power of the trustees, who should be appointed un-
der the direction of that court, to model and frame the
college, and the statutes of it, in what method they
should think fit; provided that method was but agreeable
to the nature of a college, and to the regulations of a
university; and provided too great emolument was not
given to the master and fellows, nor improper persons
permitted to partake of it.
Such, then, is the sketch of Downing College.-A
writer, aiming to meet the objection urged against the
Literary Fundª, That it tends to increase the number of
supernumerary, necessitous authors, throws the weight of
the objection back on our Universities, which, he says,
sends literary men into the world, who find no proper
place in society; and, that the aim of the Literary Fund
is but to remedy the evils which other foundations have
created. Mandeville seems to oppose the whole theory
of literary charities; and, at the time the subject of
Downing College was under discussion, it was observed,
we had colleges enough for the purposes of Charity;
and a wish was expressed, that if any more colleges were
founded, they would be improvements on the old founda-
tions b
Let the opinions of objectors have as much or as little
weight with the reader as he chooses; but let objectors
themselves consider the institution just described as an
actual attempt at some improvements on our old colleges:
a See the Claims of Literature.
➤ Gentleman's Magazine for June 1764.
446
DOWNING COLLEGE.
such it really is. Whether these improvements go far
enough, or too far, belongs not to this place; my busi-
ness being to describe what our colleges are, not what
they should be.
The institution, it is true, has not met all the wishes of
complainers against old institutions: but there appears
something of an effort to meet them half way. Some
may, indeed, think (there being, as yet, no livings) that
sufficient inducements will not be held out to the sons of
the church; some, that this circumstance will prevent too
many hangers-on for preferment: at all events, this col-
lege will not be overstocked with clerics; room will be
made for a quick succession to fellowships; both fellows
and professors will be effective members; and, being all
of some profession, they will, by a timely prudence, be
able to find their proper places in the world: .the lectures
of the professors will not, like the old college professor-
ships, (most of which are now' mere sinecures, and
scarcely known to exist) be confined to the college; but
thrown open to the University. These are evidently
attempts at improvement, and, even in the judgment of
complainers themselves, will do credit to the memory of
those who planned them.
As to the founder-It does not appear, on the face of
the business, that he immediately falls under the censure
of Mandeville, who reckons among the wicked and mean
such as found colleges, or add riches to those already
rich, to the exclusion of relatives, and the extinction of
the dearer charities of life. We see him first regarding
his relations, though even distant as second cousins, and
all their issue. The founding and endowing of a col-
lege is a dernier resort; a course of prudence, or a pro-
DOWNING COLLEGE.
447
cess of expedience. What other inducements might be
lodged in his breast,-whether respect for literature, a
feeling of public spirit, or the scintillations of secret
ambition, this we do not know, and, perhaps, no one
can tell; and therefore, in conclusion, though we pro-
testants do not say masses for the souls of founders and
benefactors, nor place them in the calendars of our saints,
nor even hang a solitary prayer round their portraits-
Diua par sa grace ait mercy de son ame.
AMEN.
knowing, "that as the tree falls, so it lies,"—still the
University, no doubt, will pay Sir George Downing the
due honour of a founder, his College find pleasure in re-
cording their obligations, and his own provisions, in the
regular course of events, prevent his name from being
soon forgotten.
2 After the orthography of the MS. The text alludes (according to
the usual prayer for the soul) to the line under the beautiful original
portrait of Henry V. in the famous illuminated MS. in Bene't College
Library. See Mr. Tyson's account of it.
[ 448 ]
APPENDIX.
In
To attempt what it is impossible to execute, is a mad-
ness; and to profess that, wherein both our conscience
and our reader's must have borne their testimony against
the falsehood, would have been something worse.
the preceding History, then, there was no aim at a com-
plete account of all our learned men; and to acknowledge
it defective, where it does not profess to be perfect, will
be no derogation to it.
To speak the truth, many wilful omissions have been
made. These pages, both for time and for limits, were
put under restraint. Much has been sacrificed, to bre-
vity; something to an after-attempt; and not a little in
obedience to a voice, to which many a greater literary un-
dertaking has been obliged to yield ª.
a
Two or three names, however, that stole away through
unguardedness, from my memory, shall be supplied,-be-
ing intended for insertion.
John Godwin, A. M. barely mentioned under Queen's,
claims a more particular notice. He was a politician and
divine of his own school. He wrote on the Imprudence
of fighting against God, and in Vindication of the Execu-
tion of Cha. I. He was a puritan, but propagated the Ar-
minian doctrines, with great zeal, among the Calvinists.
a Plura Meditanti aurem vellit Operarum festinatio; quæ etiam for-
tasse non pauca reliquerit Lectoribus excusanda: quibus si hæc quali
acunq. arridere viderimus; et alia post hæc hujusmodi, si non potiora,
majori saltem cura, in lucem producenda, speramus. Rerum Angl.
Script. Tom. i. Lectori.
APPENDIX.
449
Though a republican, he was ejected from his living by
the Parliament; and though strict for communion, he was
strenuous against the Baptists. To say the least, he was
the most determined controversialist, if not the most vo-
luminous writer, of his age. The principal of his works
are, Redemption redeemed, folio; a treatise on Justifica-
tion, 4to. Cata-baptism, a treatise, on Infant Baptism,
4to. with 4tos. 8vos. and pamphlets in abundance. He
died in 1665, aged 72.
T. Doolittle, fellow, A. M. of Pembroke Hall, did a
great deal: he was an active tutor, and a ready writer, a
zealous, practical preacher, and great catechist. He was
a Calvinist, and author of various theological tracts; of
which the most considerable are, one, on the Sacrament
of the Lord's Supper; another, on the Sufferings of Christ.
He was ejected, after the Restoration, from the living of
St. Alphage, in London.
Arthur Jackson, A. M. of Trinity, was author of 4 vo-
lumes of Annotations on the Bible. Samuel Ogden,
A. B. of Christ's, was an eminent scholar, and wrote on
the separate Existence of the Soul, and on Justification.
Samuel Shaw, A. M. of St. John's, an eminent school-
master of the Free-school in Ashby de la Zouch, Leices-
tershire, wrote Sermons, Meditations, and two Come-
dies, that used to be acted by his scholars. He died
1695. Samuel Clark, A. M. fellow of Pembroke Hall,
wrote Annotations on the Bible, with various other works
on the Bible.-All these were puritans, ejected from
their several livings, after the Restoration.
John Milner, B. D. by royal mandate; fellow of St.
John's ", a learned nonjuring clergyman, wrote a Col-
b
2 A very particular account of him thay be seen in Wilson's History of
Dissenting Churches.
b Mr. R..Smyth's MS.
VOL. II.
G G
450
APPENDIX.
3.
;
lection of the Church History of Palestine, from Christ
to the Time of Dioclesian, and a Defence of Arch-
bishop Usher. He held the vicarage of Leeds, in York-
shire, but refusing to take the oath to King William, he
was obliged to resign it. Mr. Manning, of Queen's,
was distinguished as a Saxon scholar, and published an
edition of Lye's Saxon Dictionary. As a divine, though
respectable, he was not very orthodox, and was one of
the petitioners for relief, in the case of Subscription to
the 39 Articles.
Dr. Erasmus Darwin, (M. B. St. John's, 1755) was an
eminent physician, and an admired, though rather too fine,
a poet. He wrote The Botanic Garden, a Poem, in two
parts, containing, in polished rhimed verse, (Part 1), The
Economy of Vegetation, (Part 2), The Loves of the
Plants, with Philosophical Notes, according to the Sex-
ual System of Linnæus; and the Shrine of Nature, a
Philosophical Poem. He also wrote a philosophical
work, in prose, entitled Zoonomia, and a Plan for a
Lady's Boarding School. A Critique was published on
the Zoonomia, by Dr. Brown, professor of moral phi-
losophy in the University of Edinburgh, and his Life has
been written by Miss Seward.
G. Atwood, F. R. S. A. M. 1772, of Trinity, a dis-
tinguished mathematician, wrote a Treatise on Rectili-
near Motion and Rotation of Bodies, with a Disserta-
tion on the Structure of Arches: and in Mr. Lunn's Ca-
talogue for 1809 were advertised 3 folio and 5 quarto
volumes in MS. of his Extracts and Original Remarks
on the different Branches of the Mathematics.
Joseph Milner, A. M. 1773, of Catharine Hall, was
an eminent schoolmaster and divine, of Hull, in York-
shire, author of several volumes of Sermons, and Theo-
•
APPENDIX.
451
រ
logical Tracts, and also of an Ecclesiastical History,
more particularly in reference to what are called by some
divines the Doctrinės of Grace. It is grounded on the
principles of Mr. John Newton's Ecclesiastical History
of the Three first Centuries; and has been continued
since Mr. Joseph Milner's death, by his brother, Dr.
Isaac Milner, the Dean of Carlisle.
John Venn, A. M. Sidney Coll. 1786, rector of Clap-
ham, Surry, was an admired preacher of the same princi-
ples, son of Mr. Henry Venn, already mentioned as au-
thor of, the Complete Duty of Man. Mr. V. jun. died
in 1713, at which time was announced the intention of
publishing 2 volumes of his Sermons. He wrote a va
riety of theological Essays, in a periodical work called,
The Christian Observer.
Amos Simon Cottle, A. B. 1799, of Magdalen, trans-
lated Icelandic Poetry, or the Edda of Sæmund, into
English Verse, 1797. Sæmund was born in 1056. His
singular Odes, called the Edda, relate to the Tradition-
ary Mythology of the Northern Nations. Whether these
Odes were written originally in the Icelandic language,
and translated afterwards into Latin, (there being different
opinions on the subject) the great antiquity of the opi-
nions, and of the Odes themselves, is undisputed. Mr.
Cottle's is a translation from the Latin, but the only one
we have in English verse, and it is flowing and easy.
Prefixed to the work is a Dissertation on the Northern
Mythology, and some affectionate lines addressed to the
Translator by his friend, the present Poet-Laureat.
a Verstegan (Restitution of decayed Intelligence, 1634) maintains, that
the Grecian and Northern Mythology have no relation to each other;
Mr. Cottle the contrary opinion, that there is a striking similarity be-
tween them.
}
452
APPENDIX.
1
Rich. Gough, Esq. Bene't College, scholar, 1752, was
author of British Topography, and Sepulchral Monu-
ments, and editor of Camden's Britannia. Of this learn-
ed and most industrious antiquary, and his writings, a
complete account may be seen in Nichols's Literary
Anecdotes of the XVIIIth Century, Vol. VI. Mr.
Gough took no degree.
Professor Nicholas Saunderson, a great mathemati-
cian, of Christ's, was Lucasian Professor 17/1, an ex-
traordinary instance of genius and industry; for he was
blind from his infancy. His Elements of Algebra, two
volumes 4to. were published in 1740, and of its SELECT
PARTS, many editions have been published.
Sir W. Browne, first of Peter House, then of Queen's,
published a Translation of Dr. Gregory's Catoptrios and
Dioptrics, and Opuscula, &c. for numerous were his
poetical squibs. He was a zealous Whig; and his fol-
lowing neat lines are well known.
The King to Cambridge sent a troop of horse,
For Tories know no argument but force:
With equal skill to Cambridge books he sent ;
For Whigs allow no force, but argument.
Sir W. bequeathed three gold medals, to be given yearly
to three undergraduates; one for the best Greek Ode,
after the manner of Sappho; another for the best Latin
Ode, in the manner of Horace; a third for the best
Greek and Latin Epigrams, in imitation of the Antholo-
gia and Martial. He took the degree of M. D. at Cam-
bridge, 1721.
J. G. Barnard, Skinner Street, London.
THE END.

Engraal by J. Grag Drawn by LHBaldry
Senate House.
Publish for the Providers by Longman Caternoster Kow Janaadis.
INDEX.
A
ABPS. of Canterbury, 71, vol I
Academical habits, 267, vol. 1
Adams, Tho. 428, vol. 2
Addenbrooke, Tho. 178, vol. 2
Age of science, 190, vol. I
Akenside, Mark, 384, vol. 2
Alabaster, Dr. 292, vol. 2
Alcock, Bish, of Ely, 64, vol. 2
Aldridge, Bish. 194, vol. 2
Alfred, King, 57, vol. 1
Allen, John, 433, vol. 2
Alley, Bish. 195, vol. 2
Alleyn, Cha. 436, vol. 2
Anderton, James, 214, vol. 2
Andrews, Bish. 104, vol. 2
Annesley, Anth. Earl of Anglesea,
275, vol. 2
Anthony, Fran. 100, vol. 2
Antiquities, 278, vol. 2
Arabic Professorship, 216, vol. 1
Architecture, 224, vol. 1
Different orders, at Cambridge,
243
Architecture, remarks on, 244,
vol. 1
Aristotle's philosophy, 191, 192,
vol, l'
Armenianism, 102, vol. 1
Arthur, 244, vol. 2
Ascham, Rog, 242, vol. 2
Ascham, Rog. 172, vol. 1
Attempts at (Brown's) improve-
ments, 234, vol. 1
Attempts at other improve.
ments, 236, vol. 1
Public buildings, remarks on,
239, vol. 1
Ashby, Geo. 231, 237, vol. 1
His MS. account of St. John's
College, 13, vol. I
VOL. II.
Ashe, Simeon, 395, vol. 2
Ashton, Archd. of York, 233, vol. 2
Ashton, Dr. Cha. 80, vol. 2
Askew, Dr. Anth. 382, vol. 2
Atkins, Sir Rob. 437, vol. 2
Atwood, G. 450, vol. 2
Audley, Tho. Lord, 269, vol. 2
Austen, John, 250, vol. 2
Ayloffe, Capt. 325, val. 2
B
Bachelor, 259, vol. 1
Bacon, Lord, 190, &e. vol. 1, 294,
vol. 2
Bacon, Sir Nich. 190, vol. 1
Bacon, Sir Nich. 131, vol. 2
Bacon, Nath. 156, vol. 2
Badew, Dr. Will. 35, vol. 2
Bainbridge, Dr. 219, vol. 2
Baker's MS. History of St. John's
Col. 11, vol. 1
Baker, Tho. his MSS. 10, 11. vol. 1,
230, 250, vol. 2
Baker, Tho. different accounts of,
252, vol. 2.
Bale, Bish. of Ossory, 73, vol. 2
Bampfield, John, 244, vol 2
Bancroft, Dr. 75, vol. 2
Bankes, Will. 107, vol. 2.
Bargrave, Dr. Johu, 23, vol.2
Barlow, Dr. Will. 140, vol. 2
Barnes, Josh. 175, 177, vol., L
Baro, Dr. 97, vol. b
Barret, fellow of Caius' Col. 97, v.k
Barrow, Dr. Isaac, 201, vol. 1,
302, vol. 2
His testimony to Hare's. Collec-
tions, 304, vol. 2
Barrowe, Hen, 125, vol. 2
Barrowes, Jeremy, 871, vol. 2
# #
i
..
INDEX.
-
Bateman, Bish. of Norwich, 132,
vol. 2
Bates, Dr. Will. 254, vol. 2
Baines, Sir Tho. 224, vol. 2
Baynbrigge, Dr. John (Emman.)
371, vol. 2
Bayns, Rodolph, 239, vol. 2
Burnet, Dr. Tho. 216, vol. 2
Beale, Dr. and other Episcopalian
masters of Colleges ejected, 118,
vol. 1
Beaumont, Dr. Jos. 22, vol. 2, 79,
vol. 2
Bedell, Bish. 356, vol. 2
Bedwell, Will. 291, vol. 2
Bene't College, 113, vol. 2
Bentham, James, 312, vol. 2
Bentham, James, his Hist. of Ely,
24, vol. 1
Bentley, Dr. 122, 174, 177, vol. 1,
301, vol. 2
Berridge, John, 55, vol. 1, 123, v.
2
Bilney, Tho. 136, vol. 2
Bingham, Tho. 98, vol. 2
Bingham, Will. 212, vol. 2
Bish. Lucy, 413, vol. 2
Black Book, 40, 41, vol. 1
Blackall, Bish. 173, vol. 2
Blackall, Sam. 390, vol. 2
Blackburne, Fran. 175, vol. 2
Blackwall, Anth. 372, vol. 2
Blomefield, Fran. his Collectanea
Cantab. 24, vol. 1, 407, vol. 2
Blythe, Dr. 38, vol. 2
Bois, John, 245, vol. 2
Bokenham, Will. 42, 43, vol. 1
Bolton, Dr. 218, vol. 2
Bond, Dr. John, 140, vol. 2
Botanic Garden, 251, vol. 1
Bottlesham, John de, 11, vol. 2
Bourne, Vincent, 299, vol. 2
Bowman, Tho. 109, vol. 2
Boyse, Dr. 46, vol. 2
Bradford, John, 99, vol. 2, 153,
vol. 2
Bradshaw, Will. 427, vol. 2
Brady, Dr. 412, vol. 2
Branthwaite, Dr. Will. 46, vol. 1
Bridge, Will. 356, vol. 2
Briggs, Hen. 245, vol. 2
Brightman, Tho. 153, vol. 2
Britons, 131, vol. 1
British, Saxon, and Norman
Churches, 242, vol. I
Broke, Lord, 290, vol. 2
Brooke, Dr. Sam. 323, vol.
1
Broome, 244, vol. 2
Broughton, Hugh, 181, vol. 1,
219, vol. 2
,
Brown, Tho. 110, vol. 2
Brown, Lancelot, 230, vol. 1
Browne, Sir Will. 452, vol. 2
Browne, Rob. 124, vol. 2
Brownrig, Bish. 103, vol. 2
Bryant, Jacob, 189, vol. 2
Bryant, Jacob, 179, vol. 1
Buckenham, Dr. 407, vol. 2
Buckley, Will. 195, vol. 2
Buildings and Library of Gonv.
and Caius Col. 419, vol. 2
Bullock, Dr. 153, vol. 2
Bullock, Geo. Dr. 239, vol. 2
Burgersdicius, 197, vol. 1
Burgo, Elizabeth de, Countess of
Clare, 36, vol. 2
Burroughs, Sir James, 45, vol. 2
Burroughs, Sir James, 414, vol. 2
Burton, his MS. of Antonine's Iti-
nerary, 52, vol. 1
Butler, John Freeman, 38, vol. 2
Byngham, William, 40, vol. 2
Bramhall, Abp. 432, vol. 2
Baptist, 342, vol. 2
C
Castle, Dr. Edm. 357, vol. 2
Caius, Dr. John, account of his
works, 400, vol. 2; his history,
19, vol. 1
Catharine Hall, 167, vol. 2
Carryer, Dr. Benj. 125, vol. 2
Calamy, Dr. Edm. 106, vol. 2
Carre, Dr. Nich. 272, vol. 2
Cardinal Pole, 135, vol. 2
Caryl, Lyndford, 83, vol. 2; hiş
List of Graduates, 18, vol. 1
Calvert, James, 52, vol. 2
Canterbury, Cathedral Library,
MSS. of, 23, vol. 2
Cawdry, Dan. 24, vol. 2
Cartwright, Dr. 97, vol. 1; 241,
vol. 2
Carter, Edmund, his Hist. of the
University of Cambridge, 22,
23, vol. 1
Cartchell, Dr. James, 193, vol. 2
Cambridge, Town of, 58, vol. 1
Cambridge, 50, vol. 1
Cantaber, 40, vol. 1
Cambridge, MSS. relating to, 8, 9,
vol. 1
Cairgrant, 48, vol. 1
Cantalupe, Nicholas, 40, vol. 1
INDEX.
Calamy, Dr. his Abridgment of
Mr. Baxter's History, &c. 112,
vol. 1
Cambridge, what required in a
History of, 1-8, võl. 1
Calvinism, 185, vol. 1
Calvin, John, 185, vol. 1
Celibacy of Fellows, 93, vol. 1
Cecil, Lord Burleigh, 247, vol. 2
Christ Col. Garden and Library,
224, 225, vol. 2
Chauncy, Sir Hen. 412, vol. 2
Christopherson, Dr. 288, vol. 2
Christian Advocate, 216, vol. 1
Chubbes, Will. 70, vol. 2
Christopherson, John, 100, vol. 2
Chaucer, Geoffry, 157, vol. 1, 58,
vol. 2
Cheke, Sir John, 172, vol. 1
Chas. I. King, his Injunctions,
106, vol. 1
Chas. II. Restoration, 111, vol. 1;
his Injunctions and Regula-
tions, 111, vol. 1
Chadderton, Dr. 97, vol. 1; 351,
vol. 2
Christ's Coll. 211, vol. 2
Charters, spurious, 40, vol. 1
Charters, Privileges, and various
Regulations, 67, 81, vol. 1
Cleveland, John, 220, vol. 2
Cleveland, John, 244, vol. 2
Close, or Cloos, Bishop, 190, vol. 2
Clare Hall Library, 43, vol. 2, and
Buildings, 42, vol. 2-
Clifford, Abram, 105, vol. 2
Clare Hall, 33, vol. 2
Clarkson, David, 49, vol. 2
Clarke, Dr. 216, vol. 1
Clarke, Dr. Sam. 198, vol1
Clarke, Sam. 105, vol. 2
Clarke, Dr. Sam. 409, vol. 2
Clerke, Gilb. 433, vol. 2
Claggett, Dr. 371, vol. 2
Collier, Will. 316, vol. 2
Collins, Anth. 198, vol. 2
Cockayne, Sir Aston, 325, vol. 2
Collins, Brian Bury, 265, vol. 2
Collins, Dr. 195, vol. 2
Constantia, Lady, 52, vol. 2
Composition between the Univer-
sity and King's College, 76,
vol. 1
Contentions between the Univer
sity and Town, 61, 62, &c.
vol. 1
Cosins, Dr Thos. 21, vol. 2
College Registers incorrect, 16,
98, vol. 2
Cole, Will. 198, vol. 2; his MSS.
13, 14, &c. vol. 1
Colleges, 55, 139, vol. 1
Colignon, Dr. Chas. 318, vol. 2
Colbatch, Dr. 301, vol. 2
Cowley, Abra. 297, vol. 2
Coventry, Hen. 275, vol. 2
Composition between the Scholars
and Burgesses, 67, vol. 1
Cowell, Dr. 139, vol. 2
Cotes, Rog. 202, vol. 1; 323,
vol. 2
Comber, Dr. 297, vol. 2
Cobb, Sam. 325, vol. 2
Cotton, Sir Rob. 300, vol. 2
Cottle, Amos Simon, 451, vol. 2
Cosyn, Dr. Rich. 290, vol. 2
Coke, Sir Edw. 290, vol. 2
Croune, Will. 356, vol. 2
Croke, Rich. 193, vol. 2
Criticism, different species of, 174,
175, vol. 1
Crowdon, John de, 132, vol. 2
Crashaw, Rich. 22, vol. 2
Croke, Edw. 168, vol. I
Cranmer, Abp. of Canterbury, 71,
vol. 2
Croke, Sam, 356, vol. 2
Cromwell, Oliver, 437, vol. 2
Cumberland, Bish. 273, vol. 2
Cudworth, Dr. 50, vol. 2
D
Dakins, Will. 291, vol. 2
Darwin, Dr. Erasmus, 450, vol. 2
Dawes, Rich. 380, vol. 2
Dawes, Lady Frances, 178, vol. 2
Dawes, Sir Thos. 173, vol. 2
Davenant, Dr. 153, vol. 2
Davies, Dr. 158, vol. 2
Davies, Dr. 178, vol. 1
Dallaway, James, 244, vol. 1; his .
remarks on King's College Cha-
pel, 201, 206, vol. 2
Dee, John, 293, vol. 2
D'Ermenonville, Viscounte, 230,
vol. 1
Defects in Cambridge Literature,
220, &c. vol. 1
Degrees, 258, &c. vol. 1
Dike, Dan. 427, vol. 2
Dike, Jer. 428, vol. 2
Dillingham, Dr. Will. 353, vol. 2
HH 2
INDEX.
:
t
1
Digby, Sir Kenelm, 245, 246, England, Kings of, their autho
vol. 2
Dibhen, Thos. 299, vol. 2
Alaxovia (as it ought to be), 259,
vol. 1
Dissentients, 114, &c. vol. 1
Doolittle, T. 449, vol. 2
Downing Col. 440, vol. 2; an
Improvement on the old Foun-
dations, 445, vol. 2
Downing, Sir John, 440, vol. 2
Dod, John, 74, vol. 2
Downe, Jahn, 356, vol. 2
Donne, Dr. 299, vol. 2
Dodd, Dr. Will. 56, vol. 2
Downes, Andr. 245, vol. 2
Dorset, Earl of, 265, vol. 2
Doctor, 263, vol. 1
Donn, the Botanical Gardener,
252, vol. 1
Dryden, John, 299, vol. 2
Drant, Thos. 244, vol. 2
Drewe, Neh. Geo. 107, vol. 2
Dugard, W. 429, vol. 2
Dudley, Lord North, 267, vol. 2
Duke, Dr. Rich. 325, vol. 2
Duport, Dr. 272, vol. 2
◄.
E
Eachard, Dr. John, 178, vol. 2
Earl of Holland, 108, vol. 1
Earl of Essex, 291, vol. 2
Echard, Laurence, 216, vol. 2
Edward VIth's Statutes, 84, vol. 1
Eden, Dr. Thos. 140, vol. 2
Ejectment of Puritans, 112, 119,
vol. 1
Elizabeth, Queen, 87, vol. 1
Her Charter, 88, vol. 1
Her Statutes, 90, 91, vol. 1
Her Letter, 95, vol. 1
Elizabeth, Consort of Edw. IV.
149, vol. 2
Elizabeth's (Queen) Visit to the
University, 96, vol. 1
Elizabeth, Queen, her Charter and
Statutes, 87, vol. 1
Elliott, Jobn, 77, vol. 2
Elliott, Rich. 129, vol. 2
Ellys, John, 171, vol. 2
Emmanuel Col. Picture Gallery,
Garden, Library, &c. 874, vol. 2
Emlyn, Thomas, 395, vol. 2
Emmanuel Col. 344, vol. 2
rity, 70, 74, vol. 1
Episcopalians, 118, vol. 1
Erasmus, Roterodamuş, 165, 166,
&c. vol. 1; 152, vọl. 2
Essex, James, the Architect, 244,
vol. 1
Etymologies and derivations, 51,
vol. 1
Etheldreda, 34, vol. 2
Eusden, Lewis, 325, vol. 2
Evanson, Edw. 387, vol. 2
F
1
Farmer, Dr. Rich. 390, vol. 2
Falkland, Lord, 249, vol. 2
Fanshaw, Sir Rich. 78, vol. 2
Fawkes, Fran. 83, vol. 2
Fawcet, James, 216, vol. 1
Farish, Chas. 127, vol. 2
Frend, Wm. 127, vol. 1
Fenton, Elijah, 78, vol. 2
Ferenchief, Dr. 273, vol. 2
Ferrar, Nich. 46, vol. 2
Fisher, Bish. of Rochester, 151,
230, vol. 2
Field, Matt. 110, vol. 2
Firmin, Giles, 371, vol. 2
Finch, Sir John, and Baines, Sir
Tho. 224, vol. 2
Fitzroy, Hen. D.of Graft. 29, vol. 2
Fighe, Dr. Rob. 291, vol. 2
Fletcher, John, 126, vol. 2
Fletcher, Dr. 413, vol. 2
Fletcher, Giles, 299, vol. 2
Fletcher, Phinehas, 195, vol. 2
Fletcher, Dr. Giles, 195, yol. 2
Foster, Sam, 358, vol. 2
Fox, Bish. 194. vol. 2
Foreman, Simon, 77, vol. 2
Frost, Hen. 227, vol. 2
Fuller, Dr. Tho. 157, vol. 1
His History, 21, vol. 2
Fuller, Dr. John, 69, vol. 2
Fulke, Dr. Will. 103, vol.2
G
Gardiner, Bish. 85, vol. 1
Gardiner, James, 396, vol. 2
Gardiner, Bish. his singular or
der, 171, vol. 1
Gardiner, Bish. of Winchester,
134, vol. 2
INDEX.
ޕ
Garnham, Rob. 342, vol. 2
Gauden, Bish. 253, vol. 2
Gale, Dr. Tho. 301, vol. 2
Garth, Sir Sam. 26, vol. 2
Gataker, Tho. 175, vol. 1; 246,
Vol. 2
Glynn, Dr. 187, vol. 2
$
Glysson, Dr. Fran. 412, vol. 2
Gonvilė, Edm. 397, vol. 2
Goad, Dr. 94, vól. 1
Godric, St. 157, vol. 1
God's House, 211, vol. 2
Gough, Rich. 452, vol. 2
Godden, Dr. 249, vol. 2
Goodwin, John, 154, vol. 2; 448,
vol. 2
Gospels, Saxon, 161, vol. 1
Gothic Architecture, 248, vol. 1
Goodwin, Dr. The. 170, vol. 2
Gonvile and Caius Col. 397, vol. 2
Goodrich, Bish. of Ely, 70, vøk 2
Gruterus, Janus, 411, vol. 2
Granta, 52, 53, vol. 1
Grainger, Thỏ 20, vol. 2
Gresham, Sir Tho. 408, vel. 2
Grimbald, Nich.. 220, vol. 2
Granville, Lord Lansdowne, 325,
vol. 2
Grindall, Abp. of Canterbury, 101,
vol. 2
Green, Will. of Catharine Hall,
170, vol. 2
Green, Wilk. 182, vol. 1
Green, Will. of Clare Hall, 55,
vol. 1
Green, Dr. 55, vol. 2
Greek Professorship, 215, vol. I
Greek, modern, 170, vol. I
Gray, Tho. 28, vol. 2
Gray's Common Place Book, 112,
vol. 2
Grantacester, 49, vol. I
Guest, Bish. 195, vol. 2
Guildford, Lord Franeis, 267, vol.
2
Gunning, Bish. of Ely, 48, vol. 2
Guilds, 113, vot. 2
Gyfford, 356, vol. 2-
H
Hanway, Major John, 325, vol. 2
Hanmer, Joñ. 395, vol. 2
Hardy, 396, vol. 2
.
Hacket, Dr. Bish. of Litchfield
and Coventry, 107, vol. 1
Hare, Robert, his MSS. 9-30,
vol. 1; 304, vol. 2
Hallifax, Bish. 139, vol. 2
Hall, Bish. 367, vol. 2
Harvey, Dr. John, 139, vol. 2
Harvey, Dr. 207, vol. 1
Harvey, Dr. Gabr. 143, vol. 2
Harvey, Gabr. 102, vol 2.
Hall, John, 100, vol. 2
Hall, John, Histor. 244, vol. 2
Hall, Dr. Rich. 214, vol. 2
Harsnet, Bish. 104, vol. 2
Haddon, Sir Walter, 144, vol. 2
Harrington, Sir John, 220, vol. 2
Hatcher, Tho. 196, vol. 2
Hartley, David, 83, vol. 2
Hartewell, Abr. 195, vol. 2
Hausted, 157, vol. 2
Harrison, 291, vol. 2
Hereside, Rob. 148, vol 2
Herbert, Geo. 297, vol. 2
Heath, Abp. 46, vol. 2
Hen. Earl of Northampton, 138,
vol. 2
Heydon, Sir Christ. 411, vol. 2
Hen. VIII. King, 287, vol. 2
Hen. VIIIth's Kéign, 82, vol. 1
Hen. VIIth's Reign, 80, vol. 1
Hen. VI. King, 180, vol. 1; 212,
vol. 2
Hen. III. King, 61, 65, 66, vol. 1
Hen. 1. King, 59, voł. 1
Heberden, Dr. 251, vol. 1
Hebrew Professorship, 215, vol. 1
Hickman, Hen. 171, vol. 2
Horton, Dr. 359, vol. 2
Horton, Dr. 154, vol. 2
Homer, Hen. 391, vol. 2.
Hoggeston, Rich. 430, vol. 2
Holder, Dr. Will. 107, vol. 2
Howell, Dr. 273, vol. 2
Hoadley, Bish. 173, vol. 2
House of Grey Friars, 428, vol. 2
Holcroft, Franc. 49, vol. 2
Horrox, John, 371, vol. 2
-Holles, Tho. Duke of Newcastle,
58, vol. 2
Hostles, 60, 63, vol. 1. 285,
vol. 2
Holland, Philemon, 292, vol. 2
Holland, Hugh, 299, vol. 2
Holdsworth, Dr. Rich. 358 vol. 2
Hort, Abp. 56, vol. 2
Hare, Bish, 198, vol. 2
3
Howe, Jolm, 219, vol. 2
:
·
INDEX.
·
Horsley, Bish. 139, vol. 2
Hughes, David, 159, vol. 2
Hurd, Bish. 386, vol. 2
Hutchinson, Roger, 238, vol. 2
Hutchinson, Fran. 172, vol. 2
Hubbard, Hen. 389, vol. 2
Hurd, Bish. 175, vol. 1.
Hucks, J. 176, vol. 2
Hugh.de Balsham, Bishop of Ely,
2, vol. 2.
Hyde, Dr. 197, vol. 2
Immoralities of Monasteries, 62,
vol. 2..
Injunctions, Henry VIII.'s, 83,
vol. 1.0
Ingulphus, Abbot of Croyland,
141, vol. 1
Indulgencies, 114, vol. 2
Ingram, Rob. Acklom. 160, vol. 2
Irish Scholars, 75, vol. 1
Jackson, John, 82, vol. 2
Jackson, Arthur, 449, vol. 2
Jacksonian Professorship, 216,
vol. 1
James's, King, Works, 105, vol. 1
James Ist's Orders, and three
darling Articles, 100, vol. 1; his
Royal Letters and Injunctions,
101, vol. 1
(
James I. 98, vol. 1.
Jenner, Dan. 414, vol. 2.
Jebb, Dr. John, 124, vol. 1. 31,
vol. 2..
Jebb, Mrs. 125, vol. 1.
Jebb, Dr. Sam. 26, vol. 2
Jenkes, Hen. 408, vol. 2
Jesus. College Library and Cha-
pel, 91, Buildings and Gardens,
86, vol. 2.
John's St. College, 226, vol. 2
Jones, Dr. Will. 356, vol. 2
Jowett, Dr. Jos. 142, vol. 2
Jonson, Ben. 244, vol. 2
Johnson, John, 275, vol. 2
John's, St. Hospital, 226, 227,
vol. 2.
Jocelyne, John, 153, vol. 2
Jowett, Dr. Jos. 218, vol. 1
John, King, 61, vol. 1
Jones, Tho. 320, vol. 2
Joye, Geo. 17, vol. 2
Jollyffe, Dr. Geo. 47, vol. 2
Jortin, Dr. John, 81, vol. 2
Jortin, Dr, 176, vol. 1.
K
Keddington, Dr. 414, vol. 2
Kendall, Rich. 32, vol. 2
King's College Chapel, 239, vol. 1
King's College Chapel, remarks
on, 199, vol. 2
4
King's College, 180, vol. 2
King's Hall, 284, vol. 2
King, Dr. 198, vol. 2
King Edw. 225, vol. 2
Knight, Sam. 311, vol. 2
L
Latimer, Hugh, 215, vol. 2
Langbaine, Dr. 241, vol. 2
Lane, Sir Edw. 171, vol. 2
Law, Bishop of Carlisle, 196, vol.
1, 31, vol. 2.
Ladies, great patronesses of reli-
gious houses and Colleges, 33,
34, vol. 2
Langhorne, Dan. 125, vol. 2
Lambarde, his Perambulations of
Kent, 6, vol. 2
Lawrence, John, 55, vol. 2
Lake Osmund, 195, vol. 2
Lady Margaret, 80, 81, vol. I
Lady Abbesses, 60, vol. 2
Leland, John, 215, vol. 2
Legge, Dr. 325, vol. 2
Leaver, Tho. 239, vol. 2
Lewis, John, 429. vol. 2
Lewis, Dr. Geo. 184, vol. 1
Lee, Hen. 195, vol. 1. 395, vol. 2
Lee, Nath. 325, vol. 2
Learning, ancient and modern,
compared, 211, vol. 1
L'Estrange, Sir Roger, 433, vol. 2
Lindsey, Theophilus, 260, vol. 2
L'Isle, Will. 196, vol. 2
Lightfoot, Dr. John, 170, vol. 2
Lindwood, Will. 98, vol. 2
Liber Domus Petri, 16, vol. 2
Literature of the Monks, 141, &c.
vol. 1
Literature of the Ancients, 213,
vol. 1
Lort, Dr. Mich. 314, vol. 2
Lollards, 117, vol. 1
Loyalists ejected, 109, vol. 1
Lord Cromwell reforms the Uni-
versity, 82, 83, vol. 1
Loggan, his Cantabrigia Illus
trata, 24, vol. 1
INDEX.
Locke, John, 194, 195, vol. 1
Lloyd, Hen. 216, vol. 1
Lowth, Sam. 47, vol. 2
Long, Dr. Rog. 108, vol. 2
Long's, Dr. Sphere, 111, vol. 2
Lucasian Professorship, 215, vol. 1
M
Markaunt, Tho. 123, vol. 2
Mapletoft, Dr. John, 305, vol. 2
Maseres, Baron, 217, vol. 1
May, Tho. 436, vol. 2
Marvel, Andw. 299, vol. 2
Major, John, 214, vol. 2
Mainwaring, Dr. John, 260, vol. 2
Magdalen College, 268, vol. 2
Mallet, Philip, 264, 322, vol. 2
Marriott, Sir James, 142, vol. 2
Martin, Dr. Edward, 154, vol. 2
Margaret, Lady, mother of Henry
VII. 213, 230, 231, vol. 2.
Margaret, Queen, foundress of
Queen's, 146, vol. 2
Marshall, Dr. Thom. 17, vol. 2
Malcolm, King of Scotland, and
Earl of Cambridge, 61, vol. 2
Maria, de Sancto Paulo, or Lady
Valentia, 94, vol. 2
Manning, Tho. 217, vol. 1
Manning, (of Queen's) 450, vol. 2
Martyn, John, 251, vol. 1
Marsh, Dr. 128, vol. 1
Mathematics, 201, vol. 1
Major, John, the Scottish Histo-
rian, 79, vol. 1
Mary's, Queen, Reign, 85, vol. 1
Masters, Rob. 25, vol. 1; his His-
tory of Bene't College, 115, 129,
vol. 2
Mason, Dr. Cha. 314, vol. 2
Mason, Dr. Cha. 283, vol. 2
Mason, Will. 230, vol. 1. 109,
265, vol. 2
Mayor of Cambridge, 104, vol. 1
Marquis de Condamini, 227, vol. 1
Markland, Jer. 175, 178, vol. 1.
27, vol. 2
Magistri Grammatice, 265, vol. 1
Meredith, Rog. 141, vol. 2
Merton College, Oxford, its Char-
ters, 3, vol. 1. Opinions of dif-
ferent writers on the relative
antiquity of Merton College
and Peter House, 4, 5, vol. 2
Methodism, 122, vol. 1
Mede, Jos. 182, vol. 1. 217, vol. 2
Melton, Dr. 289, vol. 2
Miller, Edm. his account of Cam-
bridge, 22, 92, vol. 1
Milner, Dr. Isaac, 128, vól. 1
Milner, Jos. 450, vol. 2
Milner, John, 449, vol. 2
Mildmay, Sir Walter, 223, 347,
vol. 2
Middleton, Dr. Conyers, 309, vol. 2
Michael House, 283, vol. 2
Minshul, Dr. 431, vol. 2
Milton, John, 220, vol. 2
Monk, J. H. 216, vol. 1
Moravians, 258, vol. 2
Monks, 63, &c.; their Literature,
140, vol. 1
Morris, Drake Morris, 315, vol, 2
Morison Fynes, 20, vol. 2
Morton, Abp. 233, vol. 2
More, Dr. Hen. 216, vol. 2
Moses, Will. 109, vol. 2
Moderation, 146, vol. 2
Montague Walter, 429, vol. 2
Montague, Bish. 427, vol. 2
Montague, Chas. Earl of Halli-
fax, 341, vol. 2
Montague, Bish. 98, 105, vol. 1
Montague, Edw. Earl of Man-
chester, 437, vol. 2
Morell, Dr. 198, vol. 2
Moss, Dr. 414, vol. 2
Morgan, Bish. 241, vol. 2
Mulcaster, Rich. 194, vol. 2
N
Naunton, Sir Rob. 98, vol. 1, 296,
vol. 2
Nasmith, James, 129, vol. 2
Needham, Dr. W. 158, vol. 2
Neve, Sir Will. le 412, vol. 2
Newcome, Dr. John, 254, vol. 2
Nevile, Tho. 83, vol. 2
Neale, Dr. 248, vol. 2
Neale's History of the Puritans,
112, vol. 1
Newton, Benj. 55, vol. 2
Newton, Sir Isaac, 202, vol. 1,
306, vol. 2
Newtonian Philosophy, 203, vol. 1
Nigellus, Bishop of Ely, 227, vol. 2
Nichols, John, 33, vol. 1
North, Hon. John, 78, vol. 2
North, Geo. 128, vol. 2
North, Sir Cha. 437, vol. 2

INDEX.
.
Northleigh, Dr. £72, vol. 3
Nonjurors, 119, vol. 1
Nunneries, 33, 60, vol. 2
Observations on Elizabeth's Sta-
tutes, 91, vol. 1
Ockley, Sim. 182, vol. 1, 79, vol. 2
Oddy, Jos. 50, vol. 2
Ogden, Sam. 449, vol. 2
Okely, Fran. 258, vol. 2
Oliva Pacis, the, 109, vol. 1
Oley, Mr. 47, vol. 2
Oliver Cromwell, 109, vol. 1
Oriental Literature, 180, vol. 1
Ordinance of Parliament, 109,
vol. 1
Otway, Tho. 265, vol. 2
Outram, Dr. 216, vol. 2
Oughtred, Dr. 198, vol. 2
Owen, David, 46, vol. 2
Oxford, has excelled in Oriental
Literature, 180, vol. 1
Oxford, Earl, 265, vol. 2
P
Petty, Will. 77, vol. 2
Parkhurst, John, 56, vol. 2
Papists, their ejectment, 87, vol. 1
Palmer, E. of Castlemayne, 197,
vol. 2
Palmer, Tho. Fyshe, 159, vol. 2
Parker's, Abp. Library, 121, vol. 2
Parker, Abp. of Canterbury, 123,
vol. 2
Parker, Abp. of Canterbury, his
History, 19, vol. 1
Parker, Rich. his History, 20,
vol. 1
Paget, Sir Will. 138, vol. 2
Patrick, Bish. 156, vol. 2
Pattison, Will, 435, vol. 2
Paman, Dr. 358, vol. 2
Paley, Archd. 221, vol. 2
Pell, Dr. 292, vol. 2
Petrus Blesensis, 140, vol. 1
Penry, John, 19, vol. 2
Peachum, Hen. 300, vol. 2
Pembroke Hall, 94, vol. 2
Pembroke Library, 111, vol. 2
Perkins, Will. 217, vol. 2
Pearson, John, 78, vol. 2
Pearson, And. 126, vol. 2
Pearce, Bish. 176, vol. 1, 307, 308,
vol. 2
Peckard, Dr. Peter, 276, vol. 2
Peck, Fran. 313, vol. 2
Pepysian Library, 279, vol. 2
Pentycross, Tho. 110, vol. 2
Peter House, 1, vol. 2; remarks
on its charters, 2, 4, vol. 2
Peter House Library, 15, vol. 2
Portraits of Founder and Bene-
factors of Peter House, 12
Buildings and Groves, of, 12
13, 14, vol. 2
Phiswicke's Hostle, 284, vol. 2
Philip of Spain, husband of Queen
Mary, 86, vol. 1
Phillips, Ambr. 244, vol. 2
Philipott, Tho. 51,
Pierce's Vindicia Nonconformis-
tarum, 112, vol. 1
Pierce, the Ploughman's Visions,
161, vol. 1
Pilkington, Bish. 210, vol. 2
Pilgrim, Tho. 316, vol. 2
Pitt, Will. his Statue, 241, vol. 1
Pitt, Will. 110, vol. 2
Plumptre, Dr. Cha. 158, vol. 2
Plumptre, Dr. Rob. 158, vol. 2
Playfere, John, 430, vol. 2
Plumean Professorship, 215, vol. 1
Pone, John, 411, vol. 2
Powell, Dr. Sam. 256, vol. 2
Potter, Rob. 396, vol. 2
Porteus, Bish. 221, vol. 2
Poynet, Bishop of Rochester, 152,
vol. 2
Pole, Cardinal, 85, vol. 1
Poet Laureat, History of the Of-
fice, 414, vol. 2
Poetry, remarks on, 225, vol. 1
Pocklington, Dr. John, 104, vol. 2
Pope's Bulls, 70, 71, 75, vol. 1
Porson, Rich. 316, vol. 2
Prescot, Dr. Kenrick, 176, vol. 2
Printing at Cambridge, 77, vol. 1
Present State of Professorships,
210, vol. 1
Professorship of Physic, 219, vol. 2
Professorship of Anatomy,. 219,
vol. 2
Progress of Classical Literature,
174, vol. 1
Progress of Literature, 159, vol. 1
Preston, John, 154, vol. 1, 353,
vol. 2
Processus Bernwellensis, 75, vol. 1
Prior, Matth. 244, vol. 2
I
INDEX.
Public Schools, 247, 248, vol. 1
Puritans, 118, vol. 1
Public Walks, remarks on, 229,
vol. 1
Pyle, Mr. 414, vol. 2
Queen's Gardens, Grove, and Pic-
ture Gallery, 161, 162, 163,
vol. 2
Quarles, Fran. 220, vol. 2
Queen's College, 145, vol. 2
Querela Cantab. 112, vol. 1
R
Randall, Dr. 30, vol. 2
Ranew, Nath. 395, vol. 2
Rainbow, Dr. 273, vol. 2
Raine, Dr. Matth. 320, vol. 2
Randolph, Thọ. 299, vol. 2
Rabbet, Mich. 291, vol. 2
Ramsden, Mrs. her Fellowships
and Scholarships, 169, vol. 2
Ray, John, 206, vol. 1, 298, vol. 2
Radegundis, St. 59, vol. 2
Revival of Literature, 165, vol. 1
Reynolds, Dr. Cha. 141, vol. 2
Redman, Dr. 241, vol. 2
Reade, Sir Rob. 269, vol. 2
Sir Robert Read, 82, vol. 1, 69,
vol. 2
Richard of Cirencester, 127, vol. 1
Richard III. King, 77, vol. 1, 39,
vol. 2
Richard on's, Dr. MSS. 17, vol. 1
Richardson, Jos. 244, vol. 2
Richardson, John, 356, vol. 2
Richardson's, Dr. notices of dif-
ferent Members of Emmanuel
College, 360, vol. 2
Ridley, Sir Tho. 197, vol. 2
Ridley, Bish. 99, vol. 2
Ridley, Dr. Lancelot, 290, vol. 2
Rightwise, John, 194, vol. 2
Rood of Boxley, 152, vol. 1
Robinson, Tho. 321, vol. 2
Rogers, John, 99, vol. 2
Rowley, Rodolph, 102, vol. 2
Ruggle, Geo. 38, 44, vol. 2
Rustat, Tobias, 70, vol. 2
Rutherforth, Dr. Tho. 255, vol. 2
S
Saunderson, Nich. 452, vol. 2
Salisbury Portiforium, 263, 264,
vol. 1
Sawyer, Sir Rob. 272, vol. 2
Sanderson, Dr. Rich. 216, vol.
2
Sammes Aylet, 216, vol. 2
Sadler,
272, vol. 2
Sands, Bish. 169, vol. 2
Sandwich Marbles, Head of Ceres,
&c. 246, vol. 1
Saxons, 134, vol. 1
Sawyers, Dr. Fran. Parris' Index,
10, 30, 31, vol. 1
Sampson, Bish. of Chichester, 136,
vol. 2
Sampson, Hen. 105, vol. 2
Saxon Chronicle, 33, vol. 2
Scarborough, Sir Cha. 413, vol. 2
Scaman, Dr. Lazarus, 24. vol. 2
Scot, or Rothoram, Abp. 191, vol. 2
Schoolmen, 117, vol. 1
Serjeant, 249, vol. 2
Senate House, 240, vol. 1
Senate, Graces of, 103, vol. 1
Seaton, Dr. John, 239, vol. 2
Shaw, Sam. 449, vol. 2
Sherringham, Dr. Rob. 411, vol. 2
Sherman, John, 75, vol. 2
Sheriffe, Dr. Edm. 407, vol. 2
Sherlock, Bish. 172, vol. 2
Sherlock, Will. 25, vol. 2
Shadwell, Tho. 414, vol. 2
Shuckford, Dr. 414, vol. 2
Sidney, Col. Garden, 439, vol. 2
Sidney Sussex College, 423, vol. 2
Sidney, Lady Frances, 424, vol. 2
Sigebert, King, 46, 47, 56, 136,
vol. 1
Simpson, David, 262, vol. 2
Sibbes, Dr. 169, vol. 2
Skip, Bish. 408, vol. 2
Slater, John, 275, vol. 2
Smith, Trin. Col. 325, vol. 2
Smith, John, 182, vol. 1, 155,
vol. 2
Smith, Sir Tho, 170, vol. 1, 153,
Vol. 2
Smith, Dr. Rob. 202, vol. 1, 301,
vol. 2
Smyth, Rob. his MS. 32, 33, vol. 1
Smart, Christ. 109, vol 2
Solemn League and Covenant,
109, vol. 1

INDEX.
¡
Solere Hall, 34, vol. 2
Spelman, Sir Hen. 300, vol. 2
Sprackling, Dr. Rob. 20, vol. 2
Spencer, Dr. 182, vol. 1
Spenser, Edm. 101, 102, vol. 2
Squire, Will. 140, vol. 2
St. John's Library, 236, vol. 2
St. Mary's Church, 242, 248, vol. 1
St. Etheldreda, Queen, 60, vol. 2
Studley, John, 325, vol. 2
Staunton, Hen. of, 284, vol. 2
Stanhope, Philip Dormer, Earl of
Chesterfield, 141, vol. 2
Stanhope Stereotype Printing, 256,
vol. 1
Stepney, Geo. 341, vol. 2
Stafford, Duke of Buckingham,
269, 272, vol. 2
Stanley, Bish. of Ely, 68, vol. 2
Stanley, Tho. 107, vol. 2
Sterne, Lawrence, 84, vol. 2
Sterne, Abp. 73, vol. 2
Stanley, Tho. 175, vol. 1
Strype, John, 170, vol. 2
Statues in Senate House, 241,
vol. 1
Suckling, John, 213, vol. 2
Suffolk, Earl of, 271, vol. 2
Sykes, Dr. Arthur Ashley, 127,
vol. 2
T
Talents, Fran. 25, 274, vol. 2
Taylor, Will. 392, vol. 2
Taylor, Hen. 158, vol. 2
Taylor, Bish, 409, vol. 2
Temple, Sir Will. of King's, 197,
vol. 2
Temple, Sir Will. (Emman.) 357,
vol. 2
Thurlow, Lord, 414, vol. 2
Thirlby, Dr. Tho. 137, vol. 2
Thomas, Tho. 196, vol. 2
Thorpe, Dr. Rob. 32, vol. 2
Thorpe, Sir Rob. and Will. 247,
vol. 1
Theological Literature, 185, vol. 1
Thirlby, Bish. of Ely, 68, vol. 2
Thirlby, Dr. Styan, 81, vol. 2
Theodore, Abp. of Canterbury,
47, vol. 1:
Tillotson, Abp. 40, 51, vol. 2
Tournaments, 63, vol. 1
Tompson, Rich. 46, vol. 2
Tonstall, Bish. 290, vol. 2
Tooke, Horne, 194, vol. 1; 263,
vol. 2
Trueman, John, 155, vol. 2
Travers, Walter, 293, vol. 2
Trinitarianism, 123, vol. 1; 275,
303, vol. 2
Trinity Chapel, Walks, and Li-
brary, 327, &c. vol. 2
Trinity Hall Library, 144, vol. 2
Trinity Col. 282, vol. 2
Trinity Hall, 132, vol. 2
Trinity Col. Statutes, 86, vol. 1
Trueman. Jos. 52, vol. 2
Translation, Remarks on Wick-
liffe's, 162, vol. 1
Treatises relating to Cambridge
Officers, Ceremonies, &c. 257,
vol. 1
Tuokney, Dr. Anth. 354, vol. 2
Tuckney, Dr. and other Puritan
Masters ejected, 119, vol. 1
Tusser, Tho. 143, vol. 2
Turner, Dr. Will. 99, vol. 2
Tweddle, John, 321, vol. 2
Twysden, Sir Rob. 357, vol. 2
Tyson, Mich. 131, vol. 2
Tyrwhitt, Rob. 126, vol. 1
U
University Library, 246, 247, v. 1
University's Address to the House
of Commons, 107, vol. 1
Universities, 139, vol. 1
University Court, 78, vol. 1
Biographies of, 6, 7, vol. 1
University Hall, 34, vol. 2
Unitarians, 260, vol. 2
V
Valentinus Gentilis, the Tritheist,
26, vol. 2
Vines, Mr. Rich. 106, vol. 2
Venn, John, 450, 451, vol. 2
Venn, Hen. 85, vol. 2
Vince, Sam. 215, vol. 1
Villiers, Duke of Buckingham,
325, vol. 2
Vice-chancellor's Court, 68, vol. 1
W
Wakefield, Gilb. 175, 177, vol. 1;
85, vol. 2
}
!
1
INDEX.
Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy,
112, vol. 1
Walker, Dr. 430, vol. 1
Walker, Dr. of Trin. Col. 252, v. 1
Walker, Will. 292, vol. 2
Ward, Dr. Sam. 355, vol. 2
Ward, Seth, Bish. 430, vol. 2
Wadsworth, James, 356, vol. 2
Walton, Bish. of Chester, 272, v. 2
Walton, Bish. 20, vol. 2
Wasse, Dr. Jos. 157, vol. 2
Watson, Dr. Rich. Gonv. and Cai.
409, vel. 2
..
Watson, Dr. Tho. Bish. of Linc.
240, vol. 2
Watts, Dr. Will. 411, vol. 2
Watts, Geoffry, 75, vol. 2
Waring, Dr. Edw. 276, vol. 2
Waller, Edm. 197, vol. 2
Warner, Dr. John, 319, vol. 2
Waterland, Dr. Dan. 275, vol. 2
Wall, Adam, 221, vol. 2
Wallis, Dr. 157, vol. 2
Wesley, Sam. 128, vol. 2
Wensley, Rob. 430, vol. 2
曲
​Wentworth, Sir Tho. 248, vol. 2
Weevor, John, 156, vol. 2
Whitgift, Dr. 19, vol. 2
White, Bish. 409, vol. 2
White, Hen. Kirke, 265, vol. 2
Wharton, Auth. of Ang. Sac, 411,
vol. 2
Whichcote, 196, vol. 2; 355, v. 2
Whelock, Abr. 46, vol. 2
Whitlock, John, 395, vol. 2
Whiston, Will. 121, vol. 1; 52,
vol. 2
Whitacre, Jer. 428, vol. 2
Whitacre, Dr. Will. 249, vol. 2
Whitgift, Dr. 97, vol. 1; 101, 293,
vol, 2
Windett, Dr. 157, vol. 2
Williams, Bish. 249, vol. 2
Winterton, Rodulph, 172, vol. 1
Wickliffe's Opinion persecuted
73, 76, vol. 1
Wickliffe, 117, 159, vol. 1
Wilson, Bish. 434, vol. 2
Wilson, Judge, 32, vol. 2
Wickeringhill, 413, vol. 2
William the Conqueror, 58, vol. 1
Wilkins, Bish. 300, vol. 2
Woodhouse, Rob. 217, 218, vol. 1
Woodlark, Dr. Rob. 166, vol. 2
Women, many learned in Eliza-
beth's reign, 425, vol. 2
Wood, Anth. his Athena Oxon.
27, 37, vol. 1
Womach, Bish. of St. David's, 126,
vol. 2
Wotton, Dr. Tho. 172, vol. 2
Worthington, Dr. John, 76, vol. 2
Wollaston, Will. 434, vol. 1
Woolston, Tho. 120, vol. 1
Woolston, Tho. 433, vol. 2
Woodwardian Professorship, 217,

vol. 1
Wiat, Sir Tho. 244, 247, vol. 2
Wright, Paul, 109, vol. 2
Wren, Bish. 20, vol. 2
Wren, Bish. 108, vol. 2
Wren, Mat. 107, vol. 2
Wray, Sir Christ. 271, vol. 2
Wyche, Sir Pet. 139, vol. 2
Y.'
Young, Dr. John, 100, vol. 2
Young, Tho. 76, vol. 2
THE END.
DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER
RESPECTING THE PLATES.
1. Cambridge, as seen from Castle Hill, next to the blank leaf at the be-
ginning of Vol. 1.
2. The Entrance of King's College Chapel, stands as Frontispiece of
Vol. 1.
3. St. Mary's Church, at the end of Vol. 1.
4. St. Peter's College, to front P. 1 of Vol. 2.
5. Clare Hall, with King's College Chapel, to front P. 33 of Vol. 2.
6. Clare Hall, to front P. 48 of Vol. 2.
7. Entrance to Jesus College, to front P. 59 of Vol. 2.
8. Jesus College Chapel, to front P. 89 of Vol. 2.
9. Part of the Quadrangle of Jesus College, to front P..92 of Vol. 2.
10. Entrance of Pembroke Hall, to front P. 94 of Vol. 2.
11. Corpus Christi College, to front P. 113 of Vol. 2.
12. Part of Queen's College, to front P. 145 of Vol. 2.
13. Catharine Hall, to front P. 166 of Vol. 2.
14. Part of King's College, to front P. 180 of Vol. 2.
}
15. Interior of King's College Chapel, to front P. 204 of Vol. 2.
16. New Building of King's College, to front P. 205 of Vel. 2.
17. Part of King's College, to front P. 210 of Vol. 2.
18. Entrance to Christ's College, to front P. 211 of Vol. 2.
19. Part of Christ's College, to front P. 212 of Vol. 2.
20. Entrance to St. John's College, to front P. 226 of Vol. 2.
21. St. John's College, to front P. 227 of Vol. 2.
22. Library of St. John's College, to front P. 237 of Vol. 2.
23. Pepysian Library, &c. Magdalen College, to front P. 268 of Vol. 2.
24. Entrance to Trinity College, to front P. 282 of Vol. 2.
25. Trinity College Chapel, Conduit, &c. to front P. 326 of Vol. 2.
26. Trinity College Library, to front P. 332 of Vol. 2.
27. Emmanuel College, to front P. 344 of Vol. 2.
28. Chapel and Picture Gallery of Emmanuel College, to front P. 350 of
Vol. 2.
29. Caius College, to front P. 397 of Vol. 2.
30. Sidney Sussex College, to front P. 423 of Vol. 2.
31. Part of Downing College, to front P. 440 of Vol. 2.
32. Senate House, to front P. 452 of Vol. 2.
¿

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