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Biographical Sketches
of
HAWAII’S RULERS
FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HAwan




BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
of
HAWAII'S RULERS
DUI
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The 50th State
lawaº -
Eleventh Edition
May—1960



Introduction
It is GENERALLY AGREED by scientists that the Polynesian race, of which the Hawaiians are a part, originated
somewhere in southeastern Asia from a common white root many thousands of years ago. The struggle for
survival, it is believed, compelled them to seek the Pacific islands as possible sites for their new homes. How-
ever, it possibly will never be positively known how the haphazard distribution of the Polynesians over the
vast Pacific came about. . • . - • .
This booklet does not attempt to trace or establish locales of the Hawaiians but will confine itself to
brief histories of Hawaii's rulers in an effort to familiarize the people of Hawaii and their many new friends
with this phase of the glorious and colorful past of this once outstanding monarchy of the Pacific.
Starting with Kamehameha the Great, called the Napoleon of the Pacific, a period of nearly two hundred
years is covered by these short biographies telling of the reigns of Hawaii's royal rulers and of the progres-
sive and constructive administrations of her Governors. .. -
If by means of these sketches, we bring you a slight realization of the high type of civilization that
Hawaii has enjoyed, and the greatness and accomplishments of her royal rulers, then this booklet will have
served its purpose. • . - -
FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HAWAII
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“The Napoleon of the Pacific" -
KAMEHAMEHA I was born sometime in the period
1748–1761—possibly in 1753—on the Island of Hawaii.
mehameha Day—June 11—while a State holiday is
not the birthday of the Great Polynesian.
Chief Kamehameha-nephew of King Kalaniopuu of
the Island of Hawaii—met Captain James Cook on his
second visit to the Islands with the Resolution and
Discovery. When his PKing made a call on Captain
Cook aboard the Resolution off the east end of Maui
late in 1778, Kamehameha was the principal director of
the royal interview and spent the night on board the
foreign vessel.
Anchoring in Kealakekua Bay, Hawaii, January 17,
1779, Cook’s two ships, loaded with gifts, departed early
the following month. However, owing to the damaged
foremast of the Resolution the ships were back at Real-
lakekua, one week later. Unfortunate incidents ashore
brought the death of Captain Cook on February 14, 1779.
Lſpon friendly relations being established many Chiefs
went aboard the foreign ships but Maliha. Maliha (Ka-
mehameha) and others, who, perhaps, were afraid of
venturing themselves, sent large hogs as peace offer-
ings. The mind of Kamehameha was strangely stirred
as he watched the two English ships sail westward
from Kealakekua Bay on the evening of Washington's
Birthday. His annbition was aroused.
Ramehameha made himself master of the Island of
Hawaii. He dominated Maui, Kahoolawe, Lanai and
Molokai. He crossed over to Oahu and landed at Wai-
kiki and Waialae. Moving across the Plain in the spring
or summer of 1795, Ramehameha drove the warriors
of King Kalanikupule of Oahu up Nuuanu Valley and
many of them over the Pali. -
The fur trade between the Northwest American
Coast and China and the Hawaiian sandalwood trade,
as well as hopes of European states to acquire Hawaii,
brought many foreign vessels to Hawaii. Among them
were the Eleanora (Simon Matcalfe) and Columbia
(Robert Gray) in 1789, the first American ships to visit
Hawaii; the British warships under Captain George
Vancouver, 1792-1794 and Captain William R. Brough-
ton, 1796. Up to about this time Waikiki was the chief
village of Oahu, Honolulu being undeveloped.
mehameha returned to e Island of Hawaii in
. Numerous
ing the Russian Nadeshda and Neva in 1804 and the
latter ship came again five years later.
Under the persuasion of the American Captain Na-
than Winship, K -
first American naval officer to visit Hawaii.
Thorn had secured leave of absence to command John
Jacob Astor's Tonquin. On Washington’s Birthday,
Thorn was host on board his ship to Kamehameha and
his three Queens. The ng was received royally.
Kamehameha adopted a flag for his Kingdom about
1812, in which year he went back to the Island of Ha-
waii. Hawaii was friendly to Americans during the
War of 1812. Captain John Marshall Gamble, of the
Marines, arrived at Honolulu in 1814 in command of the
U.S.S. Sir Andrew Hammond—the first American war-
ship to pay a call at Hawaii. Carrying five tons of poi,
a large quantity of dried fish and a large number of
new iron hoops, for Ring Kamehameha, the Hammond
sailed from Honolulu for the Island of Hawaii. Before
arriving at her destination the Hammond with her
cargo was made a prize by H.M.S. Cherub (Captain
Tucker) Captain Gamble—though a prisoner of war—
was honored with a seat near Kamehameha and his
Prime Minister when they dined on the Cherub.
Foreign ships visited at Hawaii in increasing number.
Among them was the Russian Rurick, under Kotzebue,
in 1816 and the following year. Kamehameha had an
adequate appreciation of the advantages to be gained
from friendly relations with foreigners; but always was
on guard against their efforts to dominate or colonize
his Kingdom with his Hawaiian Monroe I)octrine.
Kamehameha promoted agriculture, fostered indus-
try, and encouraged the introduction of new animal and
plant life. His reign was a period of unification, con-
struction and progress. He accomplished all that he
did without the aid of a written language and while the
Hawaiian state religion was that of the ancient Poly-
nesian Hawaiians.
A man of capable mind and powerful physique, Ka-
mehameha was courageous and skilled in the exercise
of war and peace. He was ill for some time before he
died on May 8, 1819 on the island of Hawaii. His bones
were taken by Hoapili and his man Hoolulu, and con-
cealed in a cave, the location unknown.
{ Page 5 )
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KAMEHAMEHA II (1819-1824)







( Page 6)
Breaking Away from Old Customs
AFTER the death of Kamehameha the Great in 1819,
his son Liholiho ascended the throne under the title of
Kamehameha II. The ceremony of installation was a
gorgeous spectacle. As Liholiho came before the circle
of Chiefs and a huge throng of his subjects on the
beach at Kailua, Hawaii, he was met by Dowager
Queen Kaahumanu.
“You and I shall share the realm together,” she told
Liholiho and Kaahumanu thus became the first Ku-
hina Nui with authority greater than a premier or
prime minister.
The next important episode in 1819 was the abolition
of the kapu system and destruction of the idols and
temples. Men and women were allowed to eat together
and to eat equally of foods formerly prohibited to
WOIIlen.
As this important change was taking place in Hawaii,
American missionaries were on their way to Hawaii
zealously intent on persuading the Hawaiians to em-
brace Christianity. The first American Mission was
sent out by the American Board of Commissioners for
Foreign Missions, an inter-denominational body whose
membership was predominantly Presbyterian and Con-
gregational. Aboard the brig Thaddeus the American
missionaries arrived in Hawaii March 30, 1820.
These Good-Neighbor Americans found the Hawaii-
ans without a religion and ready to embrace the gospel
which the missionaries taught. The Ring and his asso-
ciates became pupils in the Mission Schools, and before
two years had elapsed, Kamehameha II was reading
and writing and witnessing the work done by a printing
press which had arrived on the Thaddeus. The first
printing occurred on January 7, 1822.
In October of 1819, two whaleships visited the Islands,
the vanguard of a vast fleet. Whalers and missionaries
were destined to play vital roles in Hawaii.
During his reign, Kamehameha II successfully faced
the possibilities of either Russia, or Britain annexing .
his Islands. A movement to banish many of the Whites
from the Kingdom was frustrated. The first agent to
represent a foreign government in Hawaii was ap-
pointed in 1820–John C. Jones, Jr., as “Agent of the
United States for Commerce and Seamen” (something
like a consul).
Until the end of 1820 the principal residence of the
King was at Kailua, Hawaii, About that time a trans-
fer was made to Honolulu, the King arriving in Febru-
ary of 1821. However, Honolulu was not the capital as
Kamehameha II had no fixed residence but moved from
island to island as his fancy prompted. This roving
disposition, rather than the highly publicized hope of
Securing British protection, probably was the cause
of his desire to visit England and the United States.
Ramehameha, in his desire for knowledge and wish-
ing to see other parts of the world, sailed with his
favorite Queen Kamamalu, Governor Boki of Oahu and
his wife Liliha, and others, aboard the English whaler
L’Aigle, November 23, 1823. His nine-year-old brother
Rauikeaouli was designated to succeed him in the event
of his death abroad while Queen Dowager Kaahumanu
became regent in addition to her office of Kuhina Nui.
The royal party arrived in England about May 18,
1824 and proceeded to London where the King and
Queen soon died of measles. Their bodies were re-
turned to Hawaii aboard the British frigate Bionde
commanded by Captain Lord George Byron, arriving
at Honolulu May 6, 1825. Five days later the bodies of
the Ring and Queen were carried ashore and placed in
a temporary resting place, with funeral ceremonies.
During the King's absence, King Kaumualii died,
leaving his Kingdom of Kauai to Kamehameha II,
which completely unified the Kingdom of the Kameha-
mehas. Kamehameha II was not, by comparison with
his father, a very strong ruler. He was restless and
unstable. Although he has been severely criticized for
weakness and vices, credit is due him for the important
part he played in the establishment of Christianity,
education, and the first modern commercial and port
regulations. Kamehameha II encouraged and aided the
American missionaries in their religious and educa-
tional work. It is through him that the first seeds of
Americanism were planted and permitted to grow.
Today, we have this ruler to thank, in great part, that
the Islands are American.
{ Page 7)
KAMEHAMEHA III (1824-1854)

( Page 8 )
The Great Mahele, Dividing the Land
RAMEHAMEHA III (Rauikeaouli)—son of Kameha-
meha the Great—had more of his father's strong quali-
ties than any of his brothers. Being a minor when he
succeeded to the throne the young King did not become
actual ruler until 1833. During his minority Queen
Dowager Kaahumanu was Regent and Kuhina Nui. His
reign of thirty years—longest in the history of Hawaii
—was crowded with important events. It was a most
constructive one and there is no King to whom so
many public reforms and benefits can be ascribed.
In 1839 he declared the right of religious freedom,
which, annong other things, ended the friction over the
establishing in Hawaii of the Catholic Church. In 1840
this liberal monarch gave the people a voice in the gov-
ernment by granting the first written Constitution,
abolishing the old feudal controls and establishing a
limited monarchy with a legislature and judiciary sys-
tem. Twelve years later he gave his people an improved
Constitution. In the late forties the King presented
his subjects with one of their greatest boons—The
Great Mahele—which divided the land with the people
receiving their share. The independence of the King-
dorm was recognized by America, Britain and France,
and many treaties were entered into during his reign.
Throughout the Thirty-Year Reign the American
Navy and American residents in the P&ingdom were in
cordial relationship with Ring Kamehameha III. The
second United States warship to appear in the Islands
arrived at Honolulu in the spring of 1826—the Dolphin
under Lieutenant John Percival. In April of that year
the Dolphin fired the first national salute ever fired to
a. Ramehameha an American warship when Lieu-
tenant Percival was host to the Ring on his ship. Later
in the year Commander Thomas Catesby Jones— the
“Kind-Eyed Chief”—in his American sloop-of-war
Peacock arrived at Honolulu. and signed the first
y
the American Pacific Coast reported that Rear Admiral
Richard Thomas had aroused his suspicions when he
had dispatched the Carysfort “under sealed orders.”
This British frigate arrived at Honolulu in February of
1843 and Lord Paulet completely violated the American
foreign policy which had extended the spirit of the
Monroe Doctrine to Hawaii—announced in the preced-
ing December by President John Tyler and Secretary
of State Daniel Webster. The United States was the
first to recognize Hawaii. Commander John C. Long,
who was present with the .S.S. Boston, contented
himself with receiving Ramehameha III on board on
Washington's Birthday under a national salute to the
flag of Hawaii, and sailed away the following month.
It was the American Navy that supported the United
States’ foreign policy and the Kingdom of Hawaii in
the dismal days of the Paulet Imbroglio of 1843 when
Kamehameha was forced to cede his Kingdom to Brit-
ain, the British flag being raised and Hawaiian flags
destroyed; the Queen's Regiment of native Hawaiians
was organized by the British and paid with Hawaiian
funds, and Hawaii was ruled by a Commission chosen
by Lord George Paulet of the British frigate Carysfort.
Commodore Lawrence Kearney arrived at Honolulu
in the U.S. frigate Constellation July 7, 1843. He refused
to recognize Paulet's Commission, protested “every act
and measure in the premises,” and
Jones later reported, “disavowed his Lordship's as-
sumption of sovereignty.” Rearney received Hawaiian
Chiefs on board his frigate and saluted the flag of
Hawaii. He supported American foreign policy and it
was not long before Rear Admiral Richard Thomas,
R.N., restored Hawaii to Kamehameha III. President
Tyler, to whom Ramehameha had appealed in his ex-
tremity, congratulated the King, and appointed a Com-
missioner for Hawaii.
Kamehameha III and Hawaii were very friendly to
America, during the Mexican War—almost to the de-
gree of allies. American warships were welcomed at
Hawaiian ports and continued to visit the Kingdom in
large numbers. It probably was only the death of the
Ring in 1854 that prevented him from signing a treaty
of annexation with America.
Much of the good which was accomplished during his
reign, much of the evil which was prevented, and many
of the happy changes which took place, were brought
about through the Soundness of Kamehameha III’s
judgment and the mildness of his character. He was
gifted with many of those traits which qualify a person
to be a good ruler. The death on December 15, 1854 of
the 41-year-old Ramehameha III—“The good old King”
—was the occasion for a great demonstration by a
grief-stricken people. Few Kings have more clearly
won the affection of their subjects, or deserved more
grateful memory by their own and later generations.
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KAMEHAMEHA IV (1854








{ Page 10 )
Founding of Queen's Hospital
PRINCE ALEXANDER LIHOLIHO was proclaimed
Ring December 15, 1854, under the title of Kamehameha
IV. e was a grandson of amehameha the Great
and he inherited all the mental keenness of the Ka-
mehameha line. While Kamehameha III had been
extremely democratic in his views and habits, Ka-
mehameha IV was more inclined to be aristocratic, and
the etiquette and the ceremonial of the royal court
became more noticeable during his reign.
In June, 1856, the King was married to Miss Emma
Rooke, a granddaughter of the Englishman, John
Young,
Great. Queen Emma was a woman of culture and re-
finement, with a kindly and lovable character—a
gentlewoman in the finest sense of the word.
Kamehameha IV ascended the throne having en-
joyed the best educational advantages which his island
Ringdom afforded, and also the benefit of foreign
travel. As a result, when he assumed the reins of
government, he remodeled the cabinet and made many
other changes. He possessed an active mind and was
º devising plans for the welfare of the govern-
In ent,
The decrease of the native population was a matter
of serious concern to the King. The birth rate was low
the friend and adviser of Ramehameha, the .
and the death rate high. At all times disease was
prevalent, and very little effort was made to prevent it.
Kamehameha IV, in his first message to the Legislature
in 1855, said the decrease of the population was a sub-
ject “in comparison with which others sink into insig-
nificance; for our first and greatest duty is that of self-
preservation. Our acts are all in vain unless we can
stay the wasting hand that is destroying our people
—I think this decrease in our numbers may be stayed;
and happy should I be if, during the first year of my
reign, such laws should be passed as to effect this
result. I would commend to your special consideration
the subject of establishing public hospitals.”
In spite of the earnest appeal of the King in 1855,
and again in 1856, the Legislature made no appropria-
tion for this important object. Finally, in , 1859, the
Ring and Queen themselves undertook to raise money
for a hospital. They went about with a subscription
list and, in the course of a few weeks, succeeded in
obtaining pledges for a substantial amount. A board
of trustees was elected, and before the end of 1860 the
hospital building was completed. The Queen’s Hospital
is the finest monument to the memory of King Kame-
hameha IV and Queen Emma. The King died in 1863
and it is said that his early death was hastened by the
death of his son, the Prince of Hawaii.
{ Page 11 )
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,,...,,, KAMEHAMEHA V (1863-1872)






Constitutional Changes
THOUGH an older brother of Kamehameha IV, Ka-
mehameha V never resented his younger brother being
King before himself. He peacefully succeeded to the
throne of the Hawaiian Ringdom, November 30, 1863.
Because of his past experience as Minister of the In-
terior and other responsible government positions that
he held during his brother's reign, he exercised great
control in all departments of state.
Kamehameha V had a stern character, which natur-
ally led him to establish a strong government. Among
the important changes which he made was a new, but
less democratic Constitution, and the merging of the
House of Nobles and the popular assembly of the rep-
resentatives of the people into one legislative body.
To this ruler, credit is due for many public improve-
ments, among which was the erecting of Aliiolani Hale,
which became the Judiciary Building in 1893. Many
other public improvements were carried out during
this ruler’s constructive reign.
His death occurred on the 11th of December, 1872
(in the forty-third year of his age), and he left a large
landed estate, for he had had ambitions to become a
rich king and with his usual good judgment and fore-
sight had realized the wealth that lay in the lands.
{ Page 13 ).
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KING LUNALILO (1873-1874)
{ Page 14 )


King by Vote of the People
THE Hawaiian throne having been left vacant, and no
aspirant being entitled to occupy the same without a
vote of the Legislative Assembly, the interregnum was
a season of anxious suspense. Four among the high
Chiefs were spoken of as equally entitled to fill the
elevated position. Suddenly, Prince illiam Lunalilo
issued his proclamation appealing to the voice or vote
of the people. This was a new thing in Hawaiian
politics and government. It found favor among the
people, and on the eighth day of January 1873, by an
overwhelming majority, the votes were cast for Prince
William.
Ring Lunalilo was undoubtedly the highest living
Chief, and having been well educated at the Royal
School, his mental abilities, both natural and acquired,
were far above the average. He also was a great lover
of music and poetry and in a contest he took first prize
#. the best hymn set to the music of “God Save the
ng.”
Lunalilo was greatly beloved by the Hawaiian peo-
ple, and that he most cordially and heartily recipro-
cated their affection is fully apparent from his will,
which was opened after his death in 1874. After leav-
ing his personal property to his father, he devised his
real estate to three trustees to be appointed by the
Supreme Court, who were to sell the same, and with
the returns, erect an infirmary for poor, aged and in-
firm Hawaiians, the buildings not to cost over $25,000
; the balance to be invested for the support of the
On 162.
Thus passed away one of Hawaii’s noblest, most
generous and princely sovereigns, and today Lunalilo
Home stands to cherish and perpetuate his name and
the love he had for his people.
( Page 15 J
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KING KALAKAUA (1874-1891)
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{ Page 16 J
Reciprocity Treaty with the United States
THE Hawaiian throne, by the death of Lunalilo, again
became vacant, his reign having lasted only one year.
No successor having been appointed, the responsibility
of electing a sovereign devolved constitutionally upon
the Legislative Assembly. Two aspirants only offered
their names, Prince David Kalakaua and Queen Emma.
The Assembly convened on the 12th of February, 1874,
and by a vote of thirty-nine to six, elected David Kala-
kaua. The adherents of the unsuccessful candidate
manifested their displeasure at defeat in riotous dem-
onstrations, which resulted in much damage. -
The usual proceedings of inauguration soon followed
these riotous scenes, and King Kalakaua prudently
went forward appointing his ministers and otherwise
adjusting the affairs of his Kingdom. Soon after enter-
ing upon his official duties, he appointed his younger
brother as Heir Apparent.
Ring Kalakaua was educated at the Royal School
under the direction of Mr. and Mrs. Cooke, whose in-
valuable labors were productive of good results to
the young Chiefs and Chiefesses of the Islands. Kala-
kaua was an apt scholar and learned to read and write
the Hawaiian and English languages with great flu-
ency. He contributed to The Hoku Pakipika or Star
of the Pacific, The Gazette, Polynesian and The Ad-
vertiser. It was through these mediums that he com-
municated with his people.
One of the most important events which occurred
during his reign was his visit to the 'tjnited States,
Where he was received with the highest honors by
President Grant. From the Pacific to the Atlantic he
was received with great respect and most eminently
tended to promote and cement friendly relations be-
tween these two nations. While there, he brought
about the passage of the Reciprocity Treaty, which
was, without doubt, the greatest achievement of his
reign. This gave both Hawaii and the United States
duty-free trade, and at once brought about an era of
prosperity never before known in the Islands. .
In 1890, King Kalakaua, in an effort to regain his
health, made a trip to California, aboard the U.S.S.
Charleston. But he was the victim of an insidious
disease and died in San Francisco on the 20th of Jan-
uary,
During the reign of King Kalakaua, the Islands en-
joyed peace and prosperity the like of which was never
known before. It was also through his efforts that
Iolani Palace, which was completed and occupied in
December, 1882, was built.
{ Page 17)
QUEEN LILIUOKALANI (1891-1893)

( Page 18 )
The Close of the Royal Era
LILIUOKALANI, the sister of King Kalakaua, took
the oath of office and was proclaimed Queen on Janu-
ary 29, 1891. She has a brilliant woman but her reign
of little less than two years was fraught with trouble
almost from the very beginning. The short period dur-
ing which she was on the throne forms one of the
most interesting and important chapters in Hawaiian
history, for it was then that there was forged the
chain of circumstances which led to the abolition of
the monarchy and the Annexation of the Islands to the
IJmited States.
Queen Liliuokalani soon learned the truth of “Un-
easy lies the head that wears the crown,” for her short
reign upon the exalted heights of an ancient throne
brought her only the cup of despair, the wresting of
scepter and crown from her keeping, and the narrow
confines of chambers for a prison that once were hers
as a reigning monarch.
Persistent struggles bºwº, opposing parties caused
892 t
the legislative session of 1 o be protracted eight
months, and during that period there were four changes
in the ministry. The Queen endeavored to draw up a
new Constitution, which was intended to remove the
- hen ap-
pealed to the American government for reinstatement.
President Grover Cleveland sent Col. James H.
Blount to the Islands to investigate. In the meantime
the flag of the United States had been raised over the
government building and a Provisional Protectorate
proclaimed. Sanford Ballard Dole was its President.
Blount reached Honolulu on March 29th and two days
later ordered that the American flag. be hauled dow
and the Protectorate brought to an end. -
Later Albert S. Willis was sent to Honolulu as United
States Minister, and was instructed to say to Queen
Liliuokalani that if she would grant, full amnesty to
those who had taken part in the Revolution, it would
be demanded of the President and Ministers of the
Provisional Government that they promptly relinquish
to her her constitutional authority. To this the Queen
agreed, but President Dole informed Willis that the
Provisional Government had declined to surrender its
authority to the deposed Queen.
Having abandoned hope for an early Annexation to
the United States, a Constitutional Convention was
summoned to meet May 30, 1894, for the purpose of
drafting a Constitution for the Republic of Hawaii.
This was done and on July 4 the Republic was pro-
claimed, with Dole as its first President.
As the year 1894 was drawing to a close a plot was
formented to overthrow the Republic and restore the
monarchy. This ended in failure, and on January 16,
against the Republic of Hawaii. On J
Queen Liliuokalani renounced all claims to the throne
in order to obtain clemency for those who had taken
part in the insurrection. -
Liliuokalani was an authoress of ability in both the
English and Hawaiian languages. She was also the
composer of some of the best known Hawaiian musical
works. Her writings, Hawaii's History by Hawaii’s
Queen and Hawaii’s Music stand out most prominently.
She was the last of the royal rulers of Hawaii.
Though she no longer reigned as sovereign of her King-
dom, she reigned in the hearts of her people, and
though bereft of crown and scepter, shorn of power
and splendor, she lived to put aside bitterness and
lead her people, her former subjects, along the difficult
path of rectitude and loyalty. Her death on November
11, 1917, brought to an end monarchial days.
( Page 19 )
GOV. SANFORD B. DOLE (1893-1903)

{ Page 20 J
From Republic to Territory
SANFORD BALLARD DOLE, leader of the revolu-
tionary movement which ended the Hawaiian mon-
archy in 1893, and of the negotiations which resulted
in Hawaii becoming a territory of the United States
of America, was the first and only President of the
Republic of Hawaii and first Governor of the Territory.
Mr. Dole was without doubt the most distinguished
citizen of his native islands and for many years, by
unanimous popular judgment, bore the honorary title,
“The Grand Old Man of Hawaii.”
Equally noted in history as a diplomat, , statesman
and jurist, Judge Dole possessed, the unique distinc-
tion of being the only American who has ever been the
Chief Executive of an independent foreign nation. As
President of the Republic of Hawaii, he exercised a
primary influence in the negotiations which terminated
in the Annexation of the Islands by the United States.
IJnder his guidance as Governor, the infant Territory
took its first steps along the political highway which
has made possible its present advanced position of
economic importance. . -
Judge Dole was born in Honolulu #. 23, 1844. His
parents came to Hawaii from the state of Maine in
1840, the elder Mr. Dole taking charge of" Punahou
College. - - -
Judge Dole after his return from the United States
in 1867, where he had graduated from law school,
engaged in private practice and at the same time took
an active part in politics. In 1886 he was appointed to
the Supreme Court bench as an Associate Justice, re-
maining there for six years. -
in 1853 came the inevitable Revolution and the down-
fall of the Hawaiian monarchy, when Queen Liliuo-
kalani, lost her throne. Prominent and active among
the leaders of the Revolution, Judge Dole was elected
President of the Provisional Government. Throughout
an extremely critical period the new government was
beset with foes, both at home and abroad. With un-
failing diplomacy President Dole adjusted difficult sit-
uations and when President - Grover Cleveland of the
United States demanded the restoration of Queen Lili-
uokalani to the throne, firmly refused to yield,
maintaining that President Cleveland was without au-
thority to act. - t
In 1894, with the Provisional Government firmly es-
tablished, he was elected President of the Republic of
Hawaii. During the troubled times that followed, when
feeling between opposing parties ran high, President
Dole again met adversaries in situations demanding
great diplomacy. Walter G. Smith, a prominent editor
of the period, analyzed his successful policy when he
wrote, “He let no impulse of revenge dusk the clear
mirror of his humanity.” *
In the interest of Annexation, Judge Dole went to
Washington in 1898. to confer with President McKinley,
and when Annexation became a fact, he was made
first Governor of the Territory of Hawaii, retiring from
that office on November 1, 1903. Appointed U. S. Dis-
trict Judge that same year, he remained on the bench
until 1916, when he retired to private practice.
He devoted his later years to writing and compiling
his memoirs and participating in public movements.
He died June 9, 1926, but his memorable deeds and the
lasting work: that he did for his beloved Hawaii will
last forever.
{ Page 21 )
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GOVERNOR CARTER (1903-1907)




( Page 22 )
The Territory Divided into Counties
A MEMBER of families which have been intimately
identified with the history and progress of Hawaii for
more than a century, George Robert Carter contributed
a large share of his time to able and distinguished
public service. He was educated at Fort Street School
(Honolulu), Phillips Academy (Andover, Mass.) and
Yale University (1888). - -
Although he began his business life immediately after
he graduated from Yale—and was markedly successful
in all his commercial activities—Mr. Carter was al-
lowed but a brief period to concentrate upon his own
affairs before being called to government duties.
After serving a preliminary apprenticeship with the
Seattle National Bank in 1895, he became cashier of
C. Brewer and Co., Ltd., the firm of which his father
had once been senior partner. He was one of the or-
ganizers and the manager of the Hawaiian Trust Co.
from 1898 to 1902. He also aided in the organization of
the Hawaiian Fertilizer Company and was its manag-
ing director. He served as director of the Bank of
Hawaii, Ltd., C. Brewer & Co., Ltd., and Alexander &
Baldwin. He was identified with the reorganization of
the Mutual Telephone Co., Ltd.
Mr. Carter's public service began in 1901 when he
was elected to the Hawaiian Senate from Oahu. The
following year he became Secretary of the Territory
and from 1903 to 1907 served as Governor of the Terri-
tory.
When only thirty-six years of age, Mr. Carter was
sent to Washington, as an unofficial agent to lay im-
portant Territorial Government matters before Pres-
ident Theodore Roosevelt who from that time was his
close personal friend. So in pressed was the President
with the young man from Hawaii, that for years he
sought his advice upon many subjects related to the
Territory and its administration.
And So it was President Theodore Roosevelt who
appointed him. Secretary of the Territory and later
named him Chief Executive.
Governor Carter was high-minded and emergetic. He
modeled his official acts on those of President Roose-
velt and enjoyed the establishing of precedents. Faced
with an empty Territorial Treasury when he was inau-
gurated the Governor refused to convene a special ses-
sion of the Legislature to solve the problem of finances
until the Home Rulers, who controlled the Legislature
in 1903, gave a pledge that they would dispense with
all extra expense such as translation, and expeditiously
would enact the necessary legislation. The promise was
given and in two weeks the financial affairs of Hawaii
were on their way to a satisfactory status. The Special
Session ended with a banquet to the members of the
1,egislature by Governor Carter which was marked by
expression of friendly aloha. He continued to fight for
Territorial financial integrity while Governor.
providing for County governments was passed in 1905
and on the first of the following year five counties
came into existence—Oahu, Hawaii, Maui (including
Maui, Lanai, Kahoolawe and Molokai except Kalawao)
Rauai (including Kauai and Niihau) and Kalawao, the
Leper Settlement. Three years later the County of
Oahu was replaced by the City and County of Hono-
lulu.
Like Teddy Roosevelt, one of George Carter's hob-
bies was history. He was a member of the Hawaiian
Historical Society, Hawaiian Historical Commission,
the New England Genealogical Society, and he engaged
in historical research. Throughout the years Mr. Car-
ter collected valuable books and documents—particu-
larly regarding Hawaii and the Pacific—until he had
acquired one of the finest private libraries of its kind
in the world. Known as the “Carter Library,” it is now
housed with the Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society
of which he was a member.
. Carter was born in Honolulu, December 28, 1866.
His father was Henry A. P. Carter, former Hawaiian
Minister to Washington, D. C., and a distinguished
statesman. After his retirement, and until his death on
February 11, 1933, he maintained an active interest in
the affairs of the community.
{ Page 23 )
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GOVERNOR FREAR (1907-1913)

















{ Page 24 )
"Gentleman of Hawaii”
A RESIDENT of Honolulu since early boyhood, walter
Francis Frear not only attained distinction in the legal
profession, but also served Hawaii in its highest ex-
ecutive and judicial offices, as Governor and as Chief.
Justice of the Supreme Court—the only iman in the
history of the Territory to have occupied both of these,
high positions.
He was born October 29, 1863 at Grass Valley, Cali-
fornia, and at the age of seven arrived in Hawaii with
his parents, in 1870. He was graduated from Oahu
College (Punahou Academy) in 1881 and received his
A.B. degree at Yale University (1885). After serving
as instructor at Oahu College, Mr. Frear entered Yale’.
Law School from which he received his LL.B. degree
in 1890 as well as the Jewel prize for the best exami-
nation on graduation. Later, he received the honorary . .
degree of LL.D. from Yale University (1910) and also
from the University of Hawaii (1937). ... • -
Returning to Hawaii after his graduate work at Yale,
he began law practice and was appointed Judge of the .
First Circuit Court by Queen Liliuokalani on January
1, 1893, just before the Revolution which ended the
monarchy. He was appointed Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court by President Sanford Ballard Dole
of the Provisional Government, March 7, 1893 and re-
tºº." on July 4, 1894, by President Dole of the
epublic. . . . . . -
In 1898, following Annexation of Hawaii by the United
States, President William McKinley appointed Mr.
Frear a member of the Commission to recommend to
*
Congress. legislation concerning Hawaii. This Com-
mission recommended that Hawaii be made an Organ-
ized Territory and drafted the Organic Act enacted
by Congress. • * . ... . -
Mr. Frear was appointed Chief Justice of the Su-
preme Court of the Territory of Hawaii on June 14,
1900 and served as such until August 15, 1907. From
1903 to 1905 he was Chairman of the Code Commission
which compiled, revised and annotated all the Laws of
Hawaii and from 1923 to 1925 he served as a member

of the Compilation Commission which brought the
earlier revision up to date.
Appointed Governor of Hawaii in 1907 by President
Theodore Roosevelt, Governor Frear remained in office
until 1913, at the head of the administration noted for
its efficiency and progressive measures. He was Chair-
man of the Hawaiian Delegation to , the Republican
... National Convention in 1912
After relinquishing public office, Mr. Frear resumed
law practice until November 9, 1925 when he became
president of the Bishop Trust Company. He retired in
1934 but continued as vice-president and director of
the company until his death on January 22, 1948. He
also was director in many corporations. Mr. ear
has written many articles for magazines and was the
author of several books. He was President of the Ha-
waiian Historical Society, 1938–1939. During both the
First and Second World Wars, Mr. Frear did his full
i. in all Territorial affairs that led to final vic-
Orkes. '
{ Page 25 )
GOVERNOR PINKHAM (1913-1918)

{ Page 26 )
Champion of Social Betterment
LUCIUS EUGENE PINKHAM came to Hawaii as a
business man in 1892, when he was brought here by
the O. R. & L. Company to erect a coal handling plant.
When his work was finished he returned to the main-
land. He came to Hawaii a second time and on his
arrival was appointed cashier of the Pacific Hardware
Company. While holding this position he took con-
tracts for boring artesian wells at Ewa, Oahu, and
Waialua plantations on this island, and at McBryde
plantation, Kauai.
In 1904 he was appointed President of the Board of
Health, which position he retained for four years. As
head of the Board of Health, Mr. Pinkham gave the
Territory one of the best administrations it had ever
known, though he was frequently the center of vig-
orous and even bitter controversy—a thing that was
characteristic of his official life.
On July 24, 1913, following the resignation of former
Governor Frear, Mr. Pinkham’s nomination as Gover-
nor of the Territory was sent to Congress by President
Woodrow Wilson.
A bitter fight developed in the Senate over the con-
firmation of Mr. Pinkham's appointment, chiefly be-
cause of the charge that he was not a Democratic
“regular.” Supporters of the administration stood
firm, however, and after a notable fight, Mr. Pinkahm’s
appointment was finally confirmed by the Senate on
November 29, 1913. On December 6, Mr. Pinkham took
the oath of office at Washington and immediately left
for the Islands. He arrived here December 30, and
immediately took charge of his office.
During his term of office as Governor of the Terri-
tory from 1913 to 1918, Mr. Pinkham had several fa-
vorite projects which he pushed forward with beneficial
results for the people of the Territory.
Among these projects were the development and ex-
pansion of the National Guard and the Waikiki recla-
mation movement. He is generally credited with being
the father of the Waikiki reclamation, and it was
during his administration that important legislation
was put through which finally resulted in the project
becoming a reality. He fought for the project for many
years before he was Governor in the face of stiff oppo-
sition, but refused to acknowledge defeat when his
supporters weakened, and pressed the movement until
it was recognized as an asset to the city.
Governor Pinkham's administration was also cred-
ited with being responsible for the Workmen’s Com-
pensation Act and the Teachers' Pension Bill. He was
also very much interested in homestead measures and
advocated the passage of several bills which helped
the homesteaders considerably. He was largely re-
sponsible for the passage of the law which gave water
and transportation to the homesteaders, especially
those on the Island of Kauai.
During his administration the personnel of the Na-
tional Guard was increased to about six thousand men,
and the organization ranked sixth in the United States
§ ºmparison with the state organizations of the same
Hºnol-
Mr. Pinkham was born at Chicopee Falls, Massachu-
setts, September 19, 1850. His early education was
received in the public schools of Boston. He died in
San Francisco November 2, 1922, after several years of
illness.
- Governor Farrington, in paying tribute to his mem-
ory, said: “The outstanding characteristic of Governor
Pinkham’s life was the sacrifice of himself to what he
believed to be public interests. His first thought was
for the public welfare, and the fact that he was prac-
tically penniless at the time of his death was the best
demonstration that the money that came to him
through his various activities was immediately given
ºth the most liberal hand to the deserving and
needy.”
{ Page 27 J
GOVERNOR McCARTHY (1918-1921)

{ Page 28)
Waikiki Reclamation Project
AFTER a distinguished publfè career covering a period
of more than thirty years and dating back to the
Hawaiian monarchy, Charles J. McCarthy, political
leader and former Governor of the Territory, retired
in 1923 to devote himself to private interests, but on
March 3, 1925, was again called back to civic service
as general manager of the Honolulu Water and sewer
systems. *
Coming to Hawaii in 1881 as a representative of a
San Francisco wholesale fruit house, Mr. McCarthy
became identified almost immediately with the social
and political life of old Hawaii. During the Hawaiian
monarchy he was a member of the House of Nobles in
1890 and was Secretary of the Hawaiian Legislature in
1892. During the early revolutionary periods in the late
years of the reign of King Kalakaua, Mr. McCarthy
was captain of the Honolulu Rifles. When the Hawaiian
monarchy fell, Mr. McCarthy was one of the numerous.
supporters of the late Queen Liliuokalani who opposed
her removal from the throne. In the period of political
reconstruction he was a member of the National Guard,
serving as Lieutenant Colonel until 1902, when he
resigned. -
His political career in the Territory of Hawaii be-
gan in 1907 when he was elected to the Senate, serving
until 1912. Elected City Treasurer in 1912, he held this
office until 1914, serving at the same time as a member
of the Board of Harbor Commissioners. In 1914, Mr.
McCarthy was made Territorial Treasurer, serving as
such until June 22, 1918, when he was appointed Gov-
ernor of Hawaii by President Woodrow Wilson. This
post he filled for the next three years, effecting many
legislative measures that have contributed to the
growth and prosperity of the Islands.
For the next two years, Mr. McCarthy was absent
from the Territory, making his home at Washington,
D. C., where he acted as the representative of the
Honolulu Chamber of Commerce. Upon his return to
Hawaii he became identified with the land department
of the Hawaiian Dredging . Co. in May, 1923, taking
charge of special work in connection with the Waikiki
reclamation project. Acting with the Honolulu Board
of Supervisors and Reclamation Commissioners, Mr.
McCarthy made plans for the laying out of the recla-
* sections. This work was completed September
, 1924.
Mr. McCarthy was born in Boston, Massachusetts,
August 4, 1861, but when still a boy his family moved
to San Francisco, where he received his grammar
school education. He passed away in Honolulu on
November 26, 1929.
( Page 29)
GOVERNOR FARRINGTON (1921-1929)

{ Page 30 )
The Greatest Good to the Greatest Number
A LIFE of devotion to the fundamental principles of
American democracy—the greatest good to the great-
est number—is exemplified in the career of Wallace
Rider Farrington, late president and publisher of the
Honolulu Star-Bulletin and sixth Governor of Hawaii.
o man made a greater contribution to the prosperity
and happiness of the people of Hawaii than he.
was closer to the people than any other Governor.
First Chief Executive of the Territory to succeed
himself in office, Governor Farrington received that
distinction when reappointed by President Calvin Cool-
idge January 28, 1925. Thus, President Coolidge recog-
ized the successful and progressive administration
which followed President Warren G. Harding's original
appointment of Mr. Farrington, who took his oath of
office on July 5, 1921. He declined a third term.
It was in 1894 that Mr. Farrington—born in Orono,
Maine, May 3, 1871—and educated in the public schools,
Bridgton Academy, Brewer High School and University
of Maine (B.S. 1891)—first saw Hawaii. He came here
to be editor of the Pacific Commercial Advertiser, now
the Honolulu Advertiser. He lived and worked in Ha-
waii for about two years during the unique days of the
Republic, observing the Insurrection of 1895 and many
other interesting events. Returning to the mainland,
Mr. Farrington was back in Hawaii in 1898—the year
of the Spanish-American War and the Annexation of
Hawaii by the United States. He became affiliated
with the Honolulu Evening Bulletin as the managing-
editor and part-owner. When that newspaper and the
Hawaiian Star amalgamated in July of 1912 as the
Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Mr. Farrington became its
vice-president and general business-manager, which
positions he resigned upon appointment as Governor.
Active in civic affairs, Mr. Farrington was president
of the Honolulu Merchants' Association (1913–1914) and
cooperated with others in merging this Association
With the Honolulu, Chamber of Commerce, serving as
vice-president of the new organization until 1915. He
was one of the founders of the Honolulu Advertising
Club, a potent organization for years.
During the First World War he was a member of the
War Relief Committee (1915–1917), of the Advisory
Committee of the Hawaiian Chapter of the American
Red Cross Society, and as Territorial Director of the
United States Boys’ Working Reserve (1917-1918).
ſ
Three years later he was Chairman of the Executive
Committee of the Press Congress of the World held in
Honolulu.
In politics, Mr. Farrington took a leading part in
organizing the Republican Party in the Islands after
Annexation in 1898.
Mr. Farrington, in public and private life, was a
fighter for popular rights—political, social and eco-
nomic. He had a firm faith in the future of Hawaii
and was, from his earliest days here, a strong advocate
of Statehood for the then young Territory. He was
particularly prominent in the cause of public educa-
tion. He served two terms on the Territorial Board of
Education and was Chairman of the Territorial School
Through appropriate
of Regents, College of Hawaii, resigning in 1920. Far-
rington High School was named in memory of his de-
votion to the cause of education as well as his other
distinguished achievements.
awaii prospered and developed under the adminis-
tration of Governor Farrington. He inaugurated the
work under the Hawaiian Rehabilitation Act of 1921
which created the Hawaiian Homes Commission. He
encouraged the initiation and completion of important
public works. In 1921 he officially invited the attention
of the Secretary of the Interior to the fact that the
national government every year received large sums of
money from the Territory, but that Hawaii was left
out of the various general appropriations by Congress
—for education, good roads, farm loans and other ac-
tivities. The legislature of Hawaii followed his lead
in 1923 with the so-called “Bill of Rights” Act which,
after long and faithful work by Governor Farrington
and our Delegate to Congress, served as the basis of a
bill which President Coolidge made law by his signal-
ture in April of 1924.
pon his retirement as Governor in 1929, Mr. Far-
rington returned to private business as president of
the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd., and publisher of the
Honolulu Star-Bulletin, which work he was engaged
in when death arrived on October 6, 1933.
{ Page 31 J
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GOVERNOR JUDD (1929-1934)













{ Page 32 )
Improving Public Parks and Playgrounds
THERE was a dramatic fitness in the appointment of
Lawrence McCully Judd as Governor of Hawaii. Gov-
ernor Judd’s grandfather—Dr. Gerrit P. Judd—was a
statesman of old Hawaii. Upon his arrival in Hono-
lulu in 1828 as a surgeon and physician of the American
Board of Missions, he served actively in that capacity
until he resigned to enter the service of King Rameha-
meha III. As adviser to that monarch from 1842 to 1853,
Dr. Judd played a prominent part in many history-
making events. His entire life was devoted to the crea-
tion of strong constitutional government for Hawaii.
The father of Lawrence was Albert Francis Judd,
who, for twenty-six years, was a Justice of the Su-
preme Court of Hawaii, including nineteen years as
Chief Justice, during one of the most vital periods of
Hawaiian history.
There is a logic in the grandson of a missionary to
these Islands becoming their Governor a century later.
The changes in Hawaii historically fit in with such an
interesting climax, and the connections which this Scion
of the Judd family had in both the business and the
political world prepared him for the high office to
which he was nominated. -
Lawrence Judd was born in Honolulu, March 20, 1887.
He received his education at Punahou School of Hono-
lulu and at Hotchkiss School in §."º, º º
e Ua,I'-
Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd. Holding this position for
five years, he resigned to take over the management of
the grocery department of Theo. H. Davies & Com-
Particularly noteworthy was Mr. Judd’s First World
War record. Progressing rapidly from private at the
outbreak of the war, he became aide-de-camp to the
Brigadier General, First Brigade, and in 1920 was made
a colonel in command of Hawaii National Guard and a
colonel in U. S. Army Reserves. He organized the
American Legion in Hawaii and is an honorary depart-
ment COmmander.
As a Senator in the Territorial Legislature for six
years, member of the Board of Supervisors of the City
and County of Honolulu, President of the Hawaiian
Senate for one term, and former Treasurer and Chair-
man of the Republican Territorial Central Committee,
and also a director in several large corporations, Mr.
Judd had a fitting background which prepared him for
his duties as Governor of Hawaii.
Lawrence McCully Judd was appointed Governor of
Hawaii by President Herbert Hoover on April 23, 1929
and he assumed office on July 5 of that year succeed-
ing Wallace R. Farrington. -
Governor Judd carried out an extensive program of
public improvement. Particularly, he made many im-
provements in the public parks, playgrounds, and at
the Natatorium. He took particular interest in such
public institutions as Kalaupapa Leper Settlement on
olokai, visiting them to study and observe their
administration. He also speeded up the work of the
various commissions and instituted many reforms
which aided the welfare and prosperity of the Islands.
uring his administration the cost of government was
materially reduced.
Upon his retirement from the office of Governor on
March 1, 1934, Mr. Judd traveled considerably on the
mainland spreading information about Hawaii and
through public talks, radio addresses, interviews and
writings, worked generally for the interests of the
Territory. Governorship of his second U. S. Territory
came to him on March 4, 1953, when President Eisen-
hower appointed him Governor of American Samoa,
however, he soon resigned for reasons of health and
has since continued his active career in civic affairs
and as a Trustee of the Estate of the former King Wil-
1iam Charles Lunalilo.
{ Page 33 }
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HAWAII - DECEMBER 7th 1941
GOVERNOR POINDEXTER (1934-1942)



( Page 34 )
Plebiscite for Hawaiian Statehood
JOSEPH BOYD POINDEXTER was the Second Gov-
ernor to serve two full terms. He arrived in Hawaii
in 1917 after President Woodrow Wilson appointed
him United States District Judge for Hawaii and he
qualified for that office on the 14th of May. This period
of public duty ended on February 16, 1924, when Mr.
Poindexter practiced law in Hawaii until March 1,
1934. On this date President Franklin Delano Roose-
velt appointed him the eighth Governor of Hawaii.
Calm and unassuming, the legal training and many
years on the bench led Governor Poindexter to con-
sider all public matters from a judicial viewpoint. He
was very conscientious regarding the appropriation of
public funds and no Governor ever had the public
interests more at heart.
An early highlight of the Poindexter Period was the
visit of President Roosevelt to Hawaii in July of 1934
aboard the cruiser Houston—the first Chief Executive
of the United States to see the Paradise of the Pacific.
In the following year a House Committee held hearings
in Hawaii on Statehood.
Joint Congressional Committee on Hawaii late in
1937 visited Hawaii and submitted its report in Febru-
ary of the following year. The plebiscite it recom-
mended was held on November 5, 1940 and the voters
went for Statehood. In no administration did the cause
of equal rights for Hawaii receive greater encourage-
ment than during the more than eight years under
Governor Poindexter. -
Governor Poindexter was reappointed by President
Roosevelt in March of 1938. As the Second World War
gradually approached the Pacific, the Territory, under
the leadership of the Governor, was preparing for that
huge conflict. The Hawaii Defense, or “M” Day Bill,
failing to pass the legislature during the regular ses- .
sion in the spring of 1941, Governor Poindexter called
a special session and it was enacted, the Governor
signing it in October. As a Territory, Hawaii was
ready when the treacherous assassin struck the foul
blow on the morning of Sunday, December 7, 1941.
About ten o'clock on that day of Nipponese infamy,
the Governor proclaimed over the radio a “Defense
Period” in Hawaii and immediate steps were taken by
the civil authorities to carry the order into effect.
Shortly after noon Governor Poindexter talked over
the radio-telephone with President Roosevelt, who bade
the people of Hawaii to “stand fast” and gave assur-
ances that immediate aid was forthcoming. After a
conference with federal and territorial officials, the
Governor, shortly after two o'clock, by proclamation,
suspended the writ of habeas corpus, placed the Terri-
tory under martial law, called upon the people to obey
the orders of the federal military authorities, who or-
ganized a military government. The people responded
and in those early dark days of the war gave a splen-
did example of patriotism, high morale and courage.
Lſpon the expiration of his second term, Governor
Poindexter continued in office until his successor qual-
ified on August 24, 1942. After leaving Iolani Palace
Judge Poindexter resumed practice of law. Later, the
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Hawaii ap-
pointed him a trustee of the Bernice P. Bishop Estate
in July of 1943. He carried out the duties of this office
in an able manner until his death on December 8, 1951.
Canyon City, Oregon, was the birthplace of Joseph
Poindexter on April 14, 1869. He received his education
in the public schools of Montana, Ohio Wesleyan Uni-
versity, earned his LL.B. degree at Washington Uni-
versity, St. Louis, and was admitted to the Montana.
Bar in 1892.
In January of 1897 Mr. Poindexter became County
Attorney of Beaverhead County, Montana, and served
as such until January of 1903. He was Judge of the
Fifth Judicial District of Montana, from 1909 to 1915
and, in June of this latter year, became Attorney
. General of Montana, continuing in that office until
January 1, 1917, when President Wilson appointed him
United States District Judge for Hawaii.
{ Page 35 )
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GOVERNOR STAINBACK (1942-1951)




























{ Page 36 )
Governor During World War II
INGRAM MACKLIN STAINBACK was appointed Gov-
ernor of Hawaii by President Franklin Delano Roose-
velt during the Second World War when the Territory
was the critical point and the main stronghold in the
front line of the Pacific. Under his leadership Hawaii
and its citizens expressed Americanism in such an in-
spiring manner that the entire nation’s wartime morale
was stimulated.
In July, 1934, Mr. Stainback was nominated as United
States District Attorney for Hawaii. During his six
years in that office Mr. Stainback vigorously performed
the duties of his office, civil and criminal. Some of
the more important were a number of convictions under
the Sherman Antitrust Act, Both the United States
Attorney General and the Secretary of War commended
him highly for the speed and low cost to the govern-
ment of the acquisition of the Hickam Field site for
the Army Air Forces.
In September, 1940, the President named him Judge
of the United States District Court. He filled this office
until July, 1942, when President Roosevelt appointed
him Governor of Hawaii to Succeed Joseph B. Poin-
dexter.
From the day he took office as Governor, Mr. Stain-
back was confronted with unique and vital problems
that affected the war effort, civic economy and pros-
perity of the Territory. He responded to them with
common sense, sound discretion and efficiency. Lead-
ing wisely every activity of the Territory in order to
hasten victory, Mr. Stainback at the same time never
lost sight of the rights and interests of its citizens
while cooperating closely with the armed forces.
Mr. Stainback had unusual powers under the Hawaii
Defense Act which was strengthened by both the
1943 and 1945 sessions of the Territorial Legislature,
thereby showing the confidence of the elected repre-
Sentatives of the people in his administration.
The reorganization of the Office of Civilian Defense
under Mr. Stainback was an outstanding contribution
to the war effort. In this organization people of all
races, ranks and creeds volunteered in a program to
handle problems that might arise. Emergency offices
were established to control the distribution and pro-
duction of food, rationing of liquor and transportation
and other necessities. With experienced intelligence
the activities of the Territory were directed into chan-
nels that would accelerate victory. Under the Gov-
ernor’s direction a “Work to Win” campaign was
organized with a mission of encouraging greater par-
ticipation in the war effort. t the same time, the
postwar future of the Territory was not neglected and
a Postwar Planning Division was instituted.
A champion of the people’s rights, Mr. Stainback
worked hard in lifting martial laws and milita gov-
ernment in posed on the Territory at the outbreak of
the war. This was accomplished in February, 1943,
when the administration of the Territory was returned
to the proper civil officers.
Born in Somerville, Tennessee, on May 12, 1883, Mr.
Stainback was educated in Somerville and Bellbuckle
Schools, Princeton University (A.B. cum laude 1907
with special honors in politics and economy); and the
University of Chicago (J.D. cum laude 1912).
Lpon leaving the governorship on May 8, 1951, he
had served in Hawaii’s highest office for 8 years, 8
months and 6 days—the longest of any governor.
His appointment as Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of Hawaii by President Truman came on Sep-
tember 26, 1951.
{ Page 37 )
GOVERNOR LONG (1951-1953)

{ Page 38 )
•
Hawaii's Educator-Governor
OREN E. LONG might well be called Hawaii’s Educa-
tor-Governor. It was his liberal education and the
years of practical application of the principles of gen-
erous public instruction that paved the way for his
ascent to the Territory’s highest office. -
It was in Altoona, Kansas, on March 4, 1889, tha.
Oren E. Long was born and it was there and in Ten-
nessee that he began his education, earning a Bachelor
of Arts degree from Johnson College, Tennessee, in
1912. In this same year he started on his teaching
career. He continued to study and earned a Master's
degree in literature and economics from the University
of Michigan, a Master’s degree in education from
Columbia and later took special courses at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania. -
In 1917 he accepted a position as social worker at
the old Waiakea. Settlement in Hilo but came to Hono-
lulu a year later to be connected with the Army-Navy
YMCA at Fort Shafter, holding that position until
1919, when he became a teacher and vice principal at
Mckinley High School. -
Since that time he carried on in the high schools of
Rauai and Oahu both as principal and teacher, until
he was made Superintendent of Public Instruction in
1934 by Governor Poindexter. During this period the
number of senior high schools in the Territory in-
creased from nine to twenty-four, largely through the
development of high Schools in the rural areas.
Twelve years later Governor Stainback asked him to
become Director of Public Welfare. He held this posi-
tion but a short time as he was soon appointed by
President Truman to serve as Secretary of Hawaii.
In this capacity he frequently took over the duties
of acting Governor and ruled the Territory through
some of its most troublous times. He was acting Gov-
ernor during the 1947 pineapple strike and figured in
its early settlement. He also was acting Governor dur-
ing much of the 1949 dock strike and at the time it was
Settled. -
In 1948, at the request of Veterans’ groups, he headed
the committee that arranged to receive the first ship-
load of Hawaii's war dead from Europe and later
headed the project which resulted in the placing of
flower leis on all 13,000 crosses in the National Memo-
rial Cemetery of the Pacific at Punchbowl on Memorial
Day. The U. S. Navy asked him to head its advisory
committee on education for Trust Territories and in
that capacity he has visited Guam, Truk and the
Marshall and Caroline Islands in recent years.
Being an outspoken advocate of immediate state-
hood for the Territory, he figured closely in the work
of the Constitutional Convention as Secretary of Hawaii
and acting Governor.
He was appointed Governor of Hawaii by President
Truman in 1951 and was inaugurated on May 8, 1951
to this high office in one of the most colorful cere-
monies the Islands have seen in recent years.
His administration Was One of continued effort on
the statehood issue. He devoted much time and energy
towards that end, making numerous appearances in
Washington to further the cause.

{ Page 39 }
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GOVERNOR KING (1953-1957)























( Page 40 )
Ka Mo-i Iloko o ka Halealii”
FOR the first time since Hawaii’s beloved Liliuokalani
was proclaimed Queen on January 29, 1891, Hawaiian
history has noted a ruler of Hawaiian blood with the
inauguration of Samuel Wilder King on February 28,
1953, as the Territory’s eleventh governor.
In a display of pageantry and pomp recalling mo-
narchial days, members of Hawaiian civic clubs, de-
scendants of royalty and dim-eyed attendants of the
royal household, all wearing traditional Hawaiian orna-
ments, assembled on the Palace grounds to add to the
color and splendor of the inaugural of the first governor
of Hawaiian blood since the Monarchy ended sixty
years before.
Samuel Wilder Ring was born in Honolulu on De-
cember 17, 1886. His father was Captain James A. King,
who came to Hawaii in the 1860’s to become a pioneer
in the inter-island shipping industry. Later, from 1893
to 1898, James A. King served as Minister of the In-
terior in the then Republic of Hawaii. His mother was
Charlotte Holmes Davis King, descendant of a dis-
tinguished part-Hawaiian family founded by her great
grandfather Oliver Holmes, who came from Plymouth,
and settled on Oahu in 1793. Oliver
Holmes married Mahi, the daughter of a high chief of
the Island of Oahu, and for a brief period, under
Ramehameha I, served as governor of that island. His
early education embraced many old schools, such as
St. Louis school, the old Fort Street school, and Hono-
lulu High School. In 1905 he was appointed to the
United States Naval Academy at Annapolis by Dele-
gate Jonah Ruhio Kalanianaole, graduated in 1910 and
served on active duty with the Navy through 1924 on
such vessels as the old USS South Dakota, USS Cin-
cinnati, USS Villalobos and the USS Samar.
World War I found him in the North Atlantic as
department head aboard the USS St. Louis on convoy
to France and England, commanding the USS Harvard
in European waters, and commanding the USS Aphro-
dite in English and German waters during armistice
negotiations.
Tours of duty at Pearl Harbor, in the South Seas at
Nihoa, Midway, Wake Island, Palmyra and Jarvis
enabled him to resign his regular navy commission in
1924 with the rank of lieutenant commander.
The interval to World War II was packed with his
* There’s a King in the Palace
contribution to public and civil service. His record in
varied appointive and elective positions was an im-
pressive and notable one. He was a member and
executive secretary of the Territorial Entertainment
Committee in 1925 on the occasion of the United States
Fleet's first visit to Hawaii.
He was named to the Territorial Tax Commission,
to the Board of Supervisors of the City and County
of Honolulu, and was appointed by Governor Lawrence
M. Judd to the Home Rule Commission, which pro-
ceeded to Washington to oppose the passage of the
Rankin Bill, which would have removed residential
requirements for appointment of the Territorial gov-
ernor, secretary and justices and judges in the Terri-
torial courts. The Commission was successful in its
action and the legislation was dropped.
In 1934 he was elected Delegate to the Congress of
the United States and was re-elected in 1936, 1938, 1940
and 1942. It was at this point that he made his de-
cision to give up his congressional seat to return to
active duty with the Navy.
As lieutenant commander he served on the staff of
the Commanding General, Samoan Defense Area, when
that Sector was still in the front line. The current of
World War II soon swept him to the Gilbert Islands,
Majuro Island in the Marshalls, Eniwetok Atoll and to
Saipan, where he became Commander, Naval Base,
and remained to serve under Major General Jarman
as Island Commander.
For his services at Saipan he was awarded the Legion
of Merit and promoted to captain in the U. S. Naval
Reserve. He stood by to assume command of all five
ports of debarkation as over-all Port Director in the
projected invasion of Kyushu Island and served as
Port Director at Wakanoura, Japan. He returned to
Honolulu in December, 1945, and retired from active
service in February, 1946
Statehood for Hawaii had long been his aim, having
served as a member of the Hawaii Statehood Commis-
sion since its creation in 1947 and as President of the
Constitutional Convention. He lived to see the realiza-
tion of his dream as his death came only twelve days
after Congress had voted, on March 12, 1959, to make
Hawaii the 50th State.
{ Page 41 }
GOVERNOR QUINN (1957.
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( Page 42 )
Statehood Comes to Paradise
“I WILL conscientiously and impartially discharge my
duties—.” Wit ese words young William F. Quinn
became the twelfth governor of the Territory of Hawaii,
U.S.A., on September 2, 1957.
At 38, he became the second youngest man to occupy
this high and honorable position. Only Hawaii’s second
Governor, George R. Carter, was junior to him, being
one month younger when he took office in November,
in 1919 on July 13 in Rochester, New York, Charles
Alvin Quinn and his good wife, Elizabeth Dorrity, wel-
highest honors from Saint Louis University, a Jesuit
school, majoring in philosophy.
His law studies at Harvard were interrupted for four
and one-half years by the eruption of World War II,
while he served in the Navy, rising from Ensign to
Lieutenant Commander.
Three months after he entered the Navy in 1942, he
sought out and married Nancy Witbeck, a Saint Louis
girl whom he first met at school when both were fifteen.
At war's end, he returned to Harvard to pick up his
law studies, winning honors in his final examinations
and emerging a full-fledged attorney.
About this time one of the partners of a successful
Honolulu law firm made a special trip to Cambridge to
employ a young, outstanding lawyer to join the firm.
Quinn was chosen, and came to Hawaii in 1947 to take
his place in business and to become a promising and
active citizen of the Territory.
In his zealous effort to become a part of his new
home, he drew on his college experience in drama and
offered his talents as a singer, dancer and actor to the
Honolulu Community. Theatre, taking many starring
roles and later becoming president of the theatre group.
Long being politically minded, he jumped into the
local G.O.P. campaigns with an impact that was felt
in his precinct, his district and in the general election.
He was appointed to the Hawaii Statehood Com-
mission in December 1956 by Governor King and
travelled to Washington to plead Hawaii’s cause before
Congress.
Much of his time has been devoted to numerous civic
and religious programs, having served as member of
the Executive Committee of the Bar Association, mem-
ber of the Advisory . Membership Committee of the
American Bar Association, Governor of the Pacific
Club, board member of the Catholic Church Social
Service and President of Honolulu Community Chest.
In the early days of his regime, Governor Quinn par-
ticipated in the historical event of the opening of the
transpacific cable on the morning of October 8, 1957,
when he joined with other dignitaries in the Throne
Room of Iolani Palace to speak to Washington over the
first telephone cable between Hawaii and Mainland
United States.
The goal toward which the people of Hawaii had
been plodding for over half a century was reached in
a blaze of glory on March 12, 1959 when Congress
voted overwhelmingly in favor of admitting to the
Union the thriving little chain of beautiful islands in
the Pacific Ocean, thus culminating the unusual tran-
sition of Hawaii’s government from Monarchy to Re-
public, Republic to Territory, and finally Territory to
tate.


In a special election held on June 27, 1959 Hawaii
accepted statehood by a tremendous majority. A month
later, on July 28, the people again went to the polls in
record numbers to elect William F. Quinn as the Aloha
State’s first Governor.
On August 29, 1959, a beautiful Hawaiian day, Mr.
Quinn appeared before a crowd of over five thousand
people in front of Iolani Palace and was inaugurated
Governor of the 50th State, thereby achieving the
1-nique distinction of being the last Governor of the
Territory of Hawaii and the first Governor of the State
( , ſ Hawaii.
{ Page 43 }
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THE KUHINA NUI OR PREMIERSHIP


















{ Page 44 )
The Kuhina Nui or Premiership
THIS office was of great importance in the affairs of
the government ever, since the days of Kamehameha I.
to Hawaiian custom,
it was an office which could only be held by a Chief or
practically, co-rulers with the sovereign.
KAAHUMANU I–1819-1832
Kaahumanu I was the wife of Kamehameha I, and
daughter of Keeaumoku, one of the famous chiefs and
warriors who aided Kamehameha I in the conquest of
the Islands. Her descent may be traced to the Kings
of Maui, and she was born at Kawaipapa, in Hana, on
East Maui.
Her naturally imperious character gave her influ-
ence, even before the death of her husband, Kameha-
meha I; but after his death and during the reign of
Liholiho, Kamehameha II, her power naturally became
much greater, for it was for the purpose of giving
stability to the authority of Liholiho that she was
fººd with almost unlimited powers by Kameha-
IIleſlä, Ils
KAAHUMANU II—1882-1889
Kinau was descended from the royal line of the an-
cient Kings of Maui. She was the niece of Kaahumanu
I, and daughter of Kamehameha I. She also was a
sister of Kamamalu, the Queen of Liholiho, who died
in England, and also one of the wives of Liholiho. She
ruled as Regent for Kamehameha III, who was but
eleven years old at the time of the death of Liholiho.
The character of Rinau was less stern and imperious
than that of her predecessor, Kaahumanu, but not less
decided in favor of public morals and the welfare of
the Kingdom. She was spoken of by those who knew
her as peculiarly amiable, mild, and dignified; sustain-
ing her office with singular and becoming propriety.
RERAULUOHI–1839-1845
Kekauluohi, daughter of Kalaimamahu and Kalakua
and niece of Kamehameha I, was appointed by Kal-
mehameha III as the successor to Kinau. She was not
the equal to Kinau in ability, but had been well trained
and was adept in ancient lore and traditions.
KEONI ANA–1845-1855
The premiership at this time passed into the hands
of a Chief, although hitherto women had always held
the office. Keoni Ana, better known as John Young,
was the son of the celebrated John Young, the English
boatswain whose name is so intimately associated with
that of Kamehameha I.
At the time of Mr. Young’s appointment he was
Governor of Maui. With his appointment to the pre-
miership he became even more closely associated with
Ramehameha III, a friendship that had its beginning
in their boyhood.
VICTORIA KAMAMALU-1855-1863
At the death of Kamehameha III, Keoni Ana, re-
signed the premiership and Victoria Kamamalu became
Ruhina Nui. Kamamalu was the daughter of Kinau,
who was the daughter of Kamehameha I. Kamamalu’s
father was Kekuanaoa, Governor of Oahu. She was also
the sister of Kamehameha IV and V and bore the title
of Princess.
M. KEKUANAOA-1863–1864
Mataio Kekuanaoa, husband of Kinau and Governor
of Oahu from 1829 to 1864, in his long official life held
prominent titles, such as Chamberlain, Field Marshal
and Noble. He was also Kuhina Nui from December
19, 1863, to August 20, 1864. The Constitution of 1864
did not provide for the continuation of his office, and
SO ºnaoa was the last of the Kuhina Nuis or
CO-rullerS. -
( Page 45 )
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THE FIRST COAT OF ARMS OF THE KINGDOM OF HAWAII

{ Page 46 )
First Coat of Arms of
The Kingdom of Hawaii
TO the real Hawaiian the sight of this beloved emblem
brings a quickening of the pulse, an unconscious urge
to stand a little straighter and a glaze of sentimental
memories to cloud his vision. And rightfully so, because
when seen in its proper colors, it is not only a thing of
beauty, but it also depicts the pageantry, the splendor,
the ideals and the power of the glorious days of the
monarchy.
The coat-of-arms was originated during the reign of
Ramehameha III, who died in 1854, and was designed
by his secretary, the distinguished chief Haalilo, who
died in 1844. The original painting of the “King’s
Arms” was prepared by the Herald Office, College of
Arms, London, England.
The shield in the center is guarded by two high chiefs
whose names are Kameeiamoku and Kamanawa, twin
brothers and counsellors of Kamehameha I. Kameeia-
moku stands at the right and holds a kahili, or feath-
ered staff, the emblem of state, sometimes from ten to
thirty feet in height and without which no royal court
was complete. Kamanawa stands on the left of the
shield holding a spear in his right hand, a sign of pro-
tection. Both men are wearing their extremely beauti-
ful ceremonial garments, the ankle length feather cloak
and the lofty feather helmet, made from the rich yellow
feathers of three different species of birds, the O-o,
Manmo and the O-u.
The shield they guard has four quarters, with a
small shield superimposed on it in the center. The tri-
angular object is the ancient flag of the chiefs, called
the Puela, which was flown above the sail of their great
canoes indicating both tabu and protection. Across the
standard of the flag are crossed two short paddles.
The first and fourth quarters of the large shield each
Contain eight white, red and blue stripes of the Ha-
Waiian flag representing the eight inhabited islands of
the Hawaiian group.
The second and third quarters have solid golden
yellow fields. In the center of each of these fields is an
upright black staff topped by a white ball. These are
kapu sticks called puloulous and were placed at the
right and left of the door or gateway of the King's
house to indicate protection or place of refuge to which
persons might flee from danger and be safe.
The crown directly above the shield is especially in-
teresting because it is distinctively Hawaiian. There
are eight taro leaf points on the top of the head band,
again denoting each of the eight principal islands.
The motto is “Ua mau ka ea o ka aina i ka pono”—
the life of the land is perpetuated by righteousness. It
refers to the speech of Kamehameha at the time of the
cession, February 25, 1843—“I have given away the life
of the land. I have hope that the life of the land will
be restored, when my conduct is justified.” It very
naturally alludes to the righteousness of the British
Government, in returning the Islands to their legal
sovereign, to the righteousness of the Hawaiians who
secured the restoration, and to the general principle,
that it is only by righteousness that national existence
is preserved.
This coat-of-arms remained essentially the same until
the reign of Kalakaua (1874-1891). During this period its
general structure was changed, “ke” was substituted for
the first “ka” in the motto and the Hawaiian Coat-of-
Arms became the one which we customarily see today.
{ Page 47 )
Compiled and Edited by
C. Y. DYKE
3.
RSITY OF MI
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